THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS V DICTIONARY OF THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, AND THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT; COMPILED AS f0r BT CHARLES LANMAN, \ AUTHOR OF THE " PRIVATE LIFE OF DANIEL WEBSTER," ETC., ETC. FIFTH EDITION: REVISED AND BROUGHT DOWN TO INCLUDE THE FORTIETH CONGRESS. HARTFOED : T. BELKNAP AND H. E. GOODWIN. 1868. LIBRARY .UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, by CHARLES LANMAN, ID the Clerk's Office of the Supreme Court of the United States for the District of Columbia. Htnuftotured by CASE, I.OCKWOOD i BRAINAUD, DICTIONARY THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS, ETC., ETC. PREFACE. POLITICAL laws, wisely framed, have made the United States powerful and wealthy to a degree unexampled in modern times ; and I have thought that a book of facts, recording the public services of our national law makers, would be a deserved tribute to them, and, at the same time, be generally useful. The record embraces the Senators, Representatives, and Delegates, who have served under the Federal Constitution, as well as the Delegates to the Continental Congress, and has been made in each case as correct and concise as possible. Of many men Inore might have been written, but that was not deemed expedient in a work of this kind ; and where not enough has been said, the fault must be attributed to the indif ference of the persons mostly interested, or to the neglect of their friends. Not being a politician, it has given me but little trouble to be impartial. My intention has been to express no opinions of living men, and but seldom to echo public opinion in regard to the dead. My leading object has been to prepare a kind of labor-saving machine, compiled from original data and the National Archives, for the benefit of Members of Congress and of State Legislatures, of the Civil Officers of the Government, of Politicians and Lawyers, and all who feel an interest in the political history and future prosperity of the Republic. CONTENTS. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. PAGE SENATORS, REPRESENTATIVES, AND DELEGATES 9 STATISTICAL RECORDS. SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OF CONGRESS 433 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 435 PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE 435 SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE 437 CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 437 CHAPLAINS TO CONGRESS 438 SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS .... 439 EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE 450 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS . . . 454 Tus JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS . . 496 MINISTERS TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES 502 PAY TABLE OF LEADING CIVIL OFFICERS 575 THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 523 DELEGATES TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 629 PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 633 SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 533 ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION 534 THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 639 THE SEAT OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT 551 ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS 653 THE STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE AMERICAN UNIOX 664 ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES 570 PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES 672 POPULATION AND RATIO OF REPRESENTATION ....... 673 LEADING GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS 675 THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS . . . .- * - 578 RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE IN THE SEVERAL STATES 687 QUALIFICATIONS FOR GOVERNORS, SENATORS, AND REPRESENTATIVES . . 691 INDEX OF BIOGRAPHIES BY STATES 699 INDEX TO STATISTICAL RECORDS * 697 INDEX TO CABINET MINISTERS NOT IN CONGRESS 624 INDEX TO JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT NOT IN CONGRESS . . . 624 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Abbot, Joel. Was born in Fairfleld, Connecticut, emigrated to Georgia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Wilkes County, in that State, from 1817 to 1825, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce and the Slave- Trade. Died November 19, 1826. Abbott, Amos. Born in Andover, Massachusetts, September 10, 178G. He was educated at a district school, but spent the most of his life as a trader and merchant. During the years 1835, 1836, and 1842, he was a Representative in the Massachusetts Legislature ; and from 1840 to 1842 a member of the State Senate. He represented his native State in Congress from 1843 to 1849, and was a member of the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures. Abbott, NeJiemiah.Romin Sidney, Maine, March 29, 1806. He was a lawyer by profession ; was a member of the House of Representatives, jn the Maine Legisla ture, in 1842 and 1843, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. Abercrombie, James. He was born in Georgia, and, removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Adair, John. He was born in 1758, in Chester County, South Carolina ; emi grated to Kentucky in 1787 ; served as a Major in the border warfare of the time ; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature, serving one year as Speaker ; was a mem ber in 1799 of the Convention which formed the State Constitution ; subsequently held the office of Register of the Land Office in Kentucky; and was a Senator of the United States, from Kentucky, during the years 1805 and 1806 ; commanded the Ken tucky troops at the battle of New Orleans, under General Jackson ; and was appoint ed a General in the army. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1831 to 1833, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Military Affairs. He died at Harrodsburg, May 19, 1840. Adams, Andretv.lLe was born in Stratford, Connecticut, in January, 1736 ; graduated at Yale College in 1760; adopt ed the profession of law, and settled in the practice at Litchfield, in 1764; from 1777 to 1782 he was a Delegate from Con necticut to the Continental Congress, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation; and in 1789 he was ap pointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, and in 1793 Chief Justice of said Court. He received from Yale Col lege the degree of LL.D. ; and died No vember 26, 1799. Adams, Benjamin. Born at Wor cester, Massachusetts ; was a member of the Legislature, as Representative, from 1809 to 1814, and as Senator, in 1814 and 1815 ; and from 1822 to 1825 ; and was a Representative in Congress from his na tive State, from 1816 to 1821, having first been elected to fill the vacancy caused by the death of E. Brigham ; and was a mem ber of the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and Public Expenditures. He died at Uxbridge, Massachusetts, in April, 1837. Adams, Charles F. Born in Bos ton, August 18, 1807; spent the most of his boyhood in St. Petersburg and Lon don, whilst his father, John Quincy Adams, was Minister to Russia and England ; he graduated at Harvard University in 1825 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828 ; served three years in the Lower House, and two years in the Upper House of the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1848 he was a Delegate to the Buffalo Conven tion, and elected President ; was the can didate for Vice-President on the ticket with Mr. Van Buren ; and he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufac tures, and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lious States. He was at one time the editor of a paper called the " Boston Whig;" was a contributor to the North American Review, and the editor of the well-known Adams Letters, and is the author of the standard Biography of his grandfather, John Adams. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was ap pointed by President Lincoln Minister to 9 10 DIOGEAPHICAL KECOKDS. England iu 1SG1. In 1864 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard University. Adams, George M. Born in Knox County, Kentucky, December 20, 1837; educated at Centre College ; studied law ; was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Knox County from 1859 to 1861 ; subsequently served for a few months as a Captain in the Union Army ; was an additional Pay master of Volunteers from 1861 to 1865 ; and was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on the Militia and Freedmen's Affairs. Adams, Green. Born in Barbours- ville, Knox County, Kentucky, August 20, 1812; was bred a farmer, but read law and adopted that profession ; in 1832 and 1833 he was Deputy Sheriff of Knox County; in 1839 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected ; he was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky from 1847 to 1849, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Engraving. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1844 and 1856, and a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky from 1851 to 1856. In 1859- he was elected a Representative from Ken tucky to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 18G1 he was appointed by President Lincoln Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. Adams, Jolm. Born at Braintree, Massachusetts, October 30, 1735; gradu ated at Harvard University in 1755 ; in structed a class of scholars in Latin and Greek for a subsistence ; studied law, and having been admitted to the bar, settled at Quincy to practise his profession. As a member of the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, he was among the fore most in recommending an independent Government. In 1777 lie was chosen Commissioner to the Court of Versailles. On his return he was chosen a member of the Convention called to prepare a form of government for Massachusetts. In September, 1779, he was appointed Min ister Plenipotentiary to negotiate a peace, and had authority to form a commercial treaty with Great Britain. In June, 1780, he was appointed Ambassador to Holland ; and, in 1782, he went to Paris to engage in the negotiation for peace, having pre viously obtained assurance that Great Britain would recognize the independence of the United States. After serving on two or three commissions to form treaties of amity and commerce with foreign pow ers, in 1785 he was appointed first Min ister to London; and, in 1788, having been absent nine years, he returned to America. In March, 1789. the new Con stitution of the United States went into operation, and he became the first Vice- President, which office he held during the whole of Washington's administra tion. On the retirement of Washing ton, he became, March 4, 1797, President of the United States. This was the termination of his public functions ; and he spent the remainder of his days upon his farm in Quincy, occupying himself with agriculture, and obtaining amuse ment from the literature and politics of the day. He died on the fourth of July, 1826, with the same words on his lips which, fifty years before, on that day, he had uttered on the floor of Congress : "Independence forever!" His principal publications are, " Letters on the American Revolution," "Defence of the American Constitution," an "Essay on Canon and Feudal Law," a series of letters under the signature of Novanglus, and Discourses on Davila. It was as Vice-President that he had a seat in the Senate. In 1856 his life and writings were published, in ten volumes, edited by his grandson, C. F. Adams. Adams, JoJin. He was a Represent ative in Congress from Greene County, New York, from 1833 to 1835, and was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. He died at Catskill, New York, September 28, 1854. Adams, John Quincy. Born in Braintree, now Quincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767. When ten years of age, he accompanied his father to France ; and when fifteen, was Private Secretary to the American Minister in Russia. He was graduated at Harvard University in 1787; studied law in Newburyport, and settled in Boston. From 1794 to 1801 he was American Minister to Holland, England, Sweden, and Prussia. He was a Senator in Congress from 1803 to 1808 ; Professor of Rhetoric in Harvard University, with limited duties, from 1806 to 1808 ; was ap pointed, in 1809, Minister to Russia; as sisted in negotiating the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814; and assisted, also, as Minister, at the Convention of Commerce with Great Britain, in 1815. He was Secretary of State under President Monroe ; and was chosen President of the United States in 1825, serving one term. In 1831 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred in the Speaker's room, two days after falling from his seat in the House of Representatives, February 23, 1848. His last words were : "This is the end of earth; I am content." He was Chairman of several of the most important committees, and always a working mem ber of the House. He published " Letters on Silesia," "Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory," and various " Poems," beside many occasional letters and speeches. His unpublished writings, it is said, would make many volumes. BIOGRAPHICAL RECOBDS. 11 Adams, Parmenio. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Batavia, Genesee County, New York, from 1823 to 1827. Adams, Robert H. He was a Sen ator in Congress, by appointment, from Mississippi, from January to May, in 1830, and died on the second day of July fol lowing. Adams, Samuel. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1722; graduated at Harvard University in 1740; was one of the first who organized measures of re sistance to the mother country; was a signer of the Declaration of Independ ence; was a Delegate from Massachu setts to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1782; signed the Articles of Con federation ; was a member of the Massa chusetts Convention which accepted the Federal Constitution; and, on the adop tion of the State Constitution, he was elected President of the Senate. He was Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from 1789 to 1794, and, subsequently, Governor until 1797; and he died October 3, 1803. Adams, Stephen. He was a native of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and had been a member of the Senate of that State. Removing to Mississippi, he took an active part in public affairs; was a member of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Congress, from 1845 to 1847 ; he was elected Judge of the Circuit Court, and from 1852 to 1857 was a Sena tor in Congress from Mississippi, serving on several committees. He removed to Tennessee with the intention of practis ing law at Memphis, where he died, May 11, 1857. Adams, Thomas. He was a Dele gate from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Addams, William. He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania, from 1825 to 1829, and served on a Committee for the Deaf and Dumb Institutions of New York and Ohio. He was, also, Auditor of Berks County, Penn sylvania, in 1813 and 1814; Commissioner of the County from 1814 to 1817; member of the State Legislature from 1822 to 1824; and Associate Judge of Berks County from 1839 to 1842. Died in the spring of 1858, aged 82 years. Adgate, Asa. He was a Representa tive In the Legislature of New York from Clinton County, from 1798 to 1799, and elected Representative in Congress from Essex County, in that State, from 1815 to 1817, and was again a member of the Leg islature in 1823. Adrain, Garnett B. Born in the City of New York, December 20, 1816. He graduated at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1833; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; and was a Representa tive in the Thirty -fifth Congress from New Jersey, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Engraving. He was also elected a member of the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on. Engraving. In January, 1861, he offered the resolution of thanks to Major Robert; Anderson for his defence of Fort Sumter. After leaving Congress he was devoted to his profession. AM, t7o7inA.He was born in Stans- bury, Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1815; received a good English education ; studied medicine with his fa ther, and graduated at the " Washington Medical College " of Baltimore. He aban doned his profession in 1850, and turned his attention to various kinds of manufac tures, and was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty -fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Manufactures. AiJcen, William. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 180G ; grad uated at the South Carolina College in 1825 ; was a member of the State Legis lature in 1838, 1840, and 1842 ; was Gover- ernor of South Carolina in 1844; and a Representative in Congress from that State from 1851 to 1857. He was consid ered one of the most successful rice plant ers' in his native State ; and was one of the leading men of his State who did not take part in the Rebellion. Akers, Thomas Peter. He was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thirty-fourth Congress for the unex- pired term of J. G. Miller, and served one session. Albertson, Nathaniel. He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from the First Congressional District of Indiana, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands. Albright, Charles /. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was elected, from the State of Ohio, a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Aldrich, Cyrus. Born in Smith- field, Rhode Island, in June, 1808; re ceived a common-school education; has followed the various occupations of a sailor, a boatman, a fanner, a contractor on public works, and a mail contractor ; was a member of the Illinois Legislature ; 12 BIOGRAPHICAL BECOEDS. also a Register of Deeds and Register of the Land Office at Dixon, in that State, for four years; and, having removed to Minnesota, was a member of the Consti tutional Convention of that State ; mem ber of the County Board of Hampshire County, in that State ; and was elected a Representative from Minnesota to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Agriculture. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and was Chairman of the Commit tee on Indian Affairs. After leaving Con gress he was appointed by President Lincoln a Commissioner to settle claims against the Sioux Indians. In February, 1867, he was appointed by President John- sou Postmaster at Minneapolis, Minnesota. Alexander, Adam It. He was born in Washington County, Virginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress from Madison County, Tennessee, from 1823 to 1827, and served as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Alexander, Z7vcm. Born in North Carolina; graduated at Princeton College in 1787 ; was a member of the Legislature for two years ; and a Representative in Congress from North Carolina from 1805 to 1809. Died October 28, 1809. Alexander , Henry P. He was born in New York, and was a Representa tive in Congress from Herkimer County, in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Expendi tures in the State Department. Alexander, James, Jr. He was born in Maryland ; was a resident of St. Clairsville, Belmont County, Ohio, and elected a Representative in Congress from the Eleventh District in that State, from 1837 to 1839, and was a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Died August G, 1846. Alexander, John. lie was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, May 4, 1813, serving till 1817. Alexander, MarJc.lle was born in Mecklenburg County, Virginia, and elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1819 to 1833, and served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pen sions, Ways and Means, and Expendi tures in the State Department, and the District of Columbia. Alexander, Nathaniel. Gradu ated at Princeton College in 1776, and, after studying medicine, entered the army. At the close of the war he resided at the High Hills of Santee, pursuing his profes sion, and afterwards at Mecklenburg. While he held a seat in Congress, as a Representative from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, the Legislature elected him Governor for 1806. He died at Salisbury, March 8, 1808, aged fifty-two. In all his public stations he is said to have dis charged his duty with ability and firm- Alexander, Robert. He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continen tal Congress from 1775 to 1777. Alford, Julius C. He was born in Georgia, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress from Troup County, in that State, from 1839 to 1842, and served as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Allen, Andrew. lie was a Dele gate from Pennsylvania to the Continen tal Congress in 1775 to 1776. Allen, Charles. He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, August 9, 1797, and was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1849 to 1853, and a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1829, 1833, 1834, 1838, and 1840 ; and a State Senator in 1835, 1838, and 1839 ; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1842 to 1844 ; Chief Justice of the Superior Court of Suffolk County from 1858 to 1859 ; and subsequent ly Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the State. He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1853; and a Commissioner to negotiate the Webster Treaty in 1842. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Allen, Chilton. He was born in Albemarle County, Virginia, April 6, 1786, and settled in Kentucky as a wheelwright. He educated himself for the legal pro fession; from Clark County was elected in 1811 to the Legislature of Kentucky for several terms ; and he was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1831 to 1837, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Territories, and a mem ber of the Committee on Foreign Af fairs. In 1838 he was President of the Board of Internal Improvement ; and in 1842 he was again returned to the State Legislature, which was the last public position he occupied. He died at Win chester, September 3, 1858. He was a man of ability and of rare virtues. Allen, Elisha JET. Born in New Salem, Massachusetts, January 28, 1804; was bred a lawyer ; served in the Legisla ture of Maine from 1836 to 1841, and in 1846; in 1838 as speaker; and was elected a Representative in Congress from Maine, from 1841 to 1843, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. In 1847 he removed to Boston, and was elected to BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 13 the Massachusetts Legislature in 1849; after which he was appointed Consul to Honolulu, and has since that time been connected with the Government of the Sandwich Islands. In 1856 he visited the United States as Envoy ; and in 1857 was Chief Justice and Chancellor of the Sand wich Islands, serving until 1864. Allen, Heman. He was born in 1776; was a resident, if not a native of Milton, Vermont ; adopted the profession of law, in which he became distinguished ; and was a Representative in Congress from Vermont from 1833 to 1839, serving as an active member of the Committee on Claims. He subsequently settled in Bur lington, Vermont, where he died Decem ber 11, 1844. Allen, Heman. He was born in 1779, and a resident of Colchester, Ver mont ; he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795, and adopted the profession of law. He was Sheriff of Chittenden County in 1808 and 1809; from 1811 to 1814 he was Chief Justice of the Chittenden County Court; from 1812 to 1817 he was an active member of the State Legislature ; was ap pointed Quartermaster of Militia, with the title of Brigadier; and was a trustee of the University of Vermont. He was first elected a Representative in Congress from Vermont in 1817, but resigned in 1818 to accept from President Munroe the appoint ment of United States Marshal for the Dis trict of Vermont. In 1823 he received from the same President the appointment of Minister to Chili, which he resigned in 1828 ; in 1830 he was appointed President of the United States Branch Bank, at Bur lington, which he held until the expiration of its charter, after which he settled in the town of Highgate, Vermont, where he died of heart disease, April 9, 1852. Allen, James C. He was born in Shelby County, Kentucky, January 28, 1823; received a good common-school ed ucation, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Indiana in 1843 ; in 1846 was elected, for two years, Prosecuting Attor ney in the Seventh Judicial District of In diana ; and, having removed to Illinois in 1848, was elected a member, in 1850 and 1851, of the State Legislature, and was chosen a Representative in Congress from Illinois, from 1853 to 1855, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress, when his scat was contested unsuccessfully. He was chosen Clerk of the House of Representa tives for the Thirty-fifth Congress, and in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress as a Representative, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Un finished Business. Allen, John. Born in Great Bar- rington, Massachusetts, in 1763; was a lawyer by profession, and a member of the State Council of Connecticut for several years ; was a Representative from that State during the last Congress which was held in Philadelphia, from 1797 to 1799. He died at Litchfield, Connecticut, July 31, 1812. Allen, John J. He was born in Vir ginia ; was a resident of Harrison County, and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835, and served as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He subse quently held the office of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Virginia. Allen, John W. Born in Litchfleld, Connecticut, in 1802 ; settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1825, and was a member of the Senate of that State from 1835 to 1837; al so Mayor of Cleveland ; and was elected a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841, serving as a member of the Commit tee on the Militia and Military Affairs. He was the son of John Allen, of Great Bar- rington, Massachusetts. Allen, Joseph. He was born in Boston ; was a merchant in Leicester, and benefactor of the Academy there ; twice Elector for President ; was a Clerk of the County Court and a State Councillor ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1811 to 1813, having suc ceeded J. Upham, resigned. He died at Worcester, September 2, 1827, aged sev enty-eight years. Allen, Judson. He was born in Connecticut, and removing to New York: was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and was a member of the Committee on Mile age. Allen, Nathaniel. lie was born in Dutchess County, New York; served in the Assembly of that State in 1812, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1819 to 1821, and a member of the Com mittee on Manufactures. Allen, fhilip. He was born in Prov idence, Rhode Island, September 1, 1785; graduated at Brown University in 1803; was elected to the State Legislature in 1819, 1820, and 1821 ; devoted much atten tion to the business of manufacturing ; was Governor of Rhode Island during the years 1851, 1852, and 1853; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from his native State, from March 3, 1853, for six years, serving as a member of the Committees on Com merce and on Naval Affairs. Died in Prov idence, Rhode Island, December 16, 1865. Allen, Robert. Born in Augusta County, Virginia. He was a Colonel ia the army under General Jackson ; a Rep resentative iu Congress, from Tennesee, 14 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from 1819 to 1827, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce, the Libra ry, and Kevolutionary Claims. He died at Carthage, Tennessee, August 19, 1864, aged sixty-seven years. Allen, Robert. Born in "Woodstock, Shenandoah County, Virginia, July 30, 1794. He was educated at Dickinson and Washington Colleges, having left the lat ter institution on a furlough of three months, for the purpose of joining a vol unteer military force in 1813, but returned and graduated. He studied law, and prac tised in his native place. He held for a time the office of Prosecutor for the Com monwealth ; served five years in the Sen ate of Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1833, serving on the Committee for the District of Columbia. Allen, Samuel C. Born in Frank lin County, Massachusetts; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1794; was a Repre sentative in the Massachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1810; a State Senator from 1812 to 1815, and in 1831 ; and a member of the Executive Council in 1829 and 1830; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1829, officiat ing as Chairman of the Committee on Ac counts. He died at Northtield, February 8, 1842, aged seventy years. Allen, William. He was born in Ohio; adopted the profession of law, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ross County, Ohio, from 1833 to 1835, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs ; was elected a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1849, serving as a member of several important committees in the Senate during his first term. Allen, William. Born in Butler County, Ohio, August 13, 1827; received a good English education, and taught school for a time ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; in 1850 he was elected a County Prosecuting Attorney, and re- elected in 1852 ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in Interior Department. Was a Delegate to the Chi cago Convention in 1864, and also to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion" of 1866. Allen, William J". He was born in Tennessee in 1828 ; removed with his fa ther to Illinois in 1829 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848; in 1854 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature ; in 1855 was appointed United States At torney for the District of Illinois, which lie resigned in 18GO, and was then elected Judge of the Circuit Court. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Illi nois, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of John S. Logan, re signed, and was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Allen, Willis. He was born in Ten nessee, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. Alley, John B. Born in Lynn, Mas sachusetts, January 7, 1817, received a good common-school education; was ap prenticed to a shoemaker, and received his freedom when nineteen years of age, after which he devoted himself to trading; he subsequently entered largely into the shoe and leather business, which he has since followed; he served several years in the City Councils of Lynn ; was a member of the Governor's Council in 1851 ; a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1852 ; of the State Constitutional Convention held in 1853, and in 1858 was elected a Repre sentative, from Massachusetts, to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re- elected to the Thirty-seventh, and also to the Thirty-eighth, Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving again on the Post Office Committee, and as a member of that on the Bankrupt Law. He was also a Del egate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention" of 1866. Allison, James. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Beaver County, Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825. Allison, John. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853, and was re-elected to the Thirty- fourth Congress. Allison, Robert. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833. Allison, William B. He was born in the township of Perry, Wayne County, Ohio, March 2, 1829; spent the most of his boyhood on a farm; was educated chiefly at Alleghany College, Pennsylva nia, and at the Western Reserve College, Ohio; studied law, came to the bar in 1851, and practised the profession in Ohio until 1857, when he settled in Dubuque, Iowa. He was a delegate to the Chicago Convention of 1860; in 1861 he was" a member of the Governor's staff, and ren dered essential service in raising troops for the war ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 15 tees on Public Lands and Roads and Canals. He-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Ways and Means, Mines and Mining, and Expenses in the Interior Department, lie- elected to the Fortieth Congress. Alsop, tlohn.llQ was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1776. Alston, Lemuel J". He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1807 to 1811. Alston, William J". He was born in Georgia, and removing to Alabama, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Alston, Willis. Born in Halifax County, North Carolina. He appeared in public'life as early as 1794, serving in the State Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1799 to 1803. Died, April 10, 1837. Alston, Willis, Jr. Born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1815, and from 1825 to 1831. During the war of 1812 he was Chairman of the Com mittee of Ways and Means. Alvord, James C, He was a native of Massachusetts ; received a liberal edu cation ; adopted the profession of law ; served one term in each branch of the State Legislature; and was elected a Rep resentative from Massachusetts to the Twenty-sixth Congress, but died before taking his seat, in the latter part of 1839. Ames, Fislier. He was born in Ded- ham, Massachusetts, April 9, 1758 ; grad uated at Harvard University in 1774 ; studied law in Boston, and commenced the practice of it in his native town. He distinguished himself as a member of the Massachusetts Convention for ratifying the Constitution in 1788 ; from that body he passed into the State Legislature ; and was soon afterwards elected a Represent ative in Congress, where he served from 1789 to 1797, and gained great reputation for his eloquence and exalted patriotism. He was devotedly attached to Washing ton, and was the author of the "Address" from the House of Representatives to the President prior to his retirement from office. After leaving Congress, he de voted himself for a few years to the prac tice of his profession ; but, giving that up, he devoted himself exclusively to farm ing. He was elected President of Har vard University in 1804, but declined the honor, and received from that institution the degree of LL.D. He wrote much for the papers on the public affairs of America, England, and France, and both as a writer and orator he attained a very prominent position, and exerted an extensive influ ence. He died in Declham, July 4, 1808 ; in 1809 a collection of his writings and his life were published by Rev. Dr. Kirk- ham ; and in 1854 a more complete edition was issued, edited by his son. Ames, OaJces. He was born in Eas- ton, Bristol County, Massachusetts, Janu ary 10, 1804; has ever been a manufac turer by profession; was a member, for two years, of the Executive Council of the State, and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Massachusetts to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Manufactures. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Pacific Railroad and Manufac tures; was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 18G6 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress. Ancona, SydenJiain E.Ilo was born in Warwick, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1824, and, removing to Berks County, was for sev eral years connected with the Reading Railroad Company. He was elected in 1860 a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and on Manufactures. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Manufac tures and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs; and he was one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. In March, 1867, he was appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent at Philadelphia, but was not confirmed by the Senate. Anderson, Alexander. He was a Senator in Congress, from the Knoxville District, Tennessee, during the years 1840 and 1841, a part of a term, and served as a member of the Committee on the Mili tia. Anderson, George W. Born in Jefferson County, Tennessee, May 22, 1832 ; received a liberal education ; adopt ed the profession of law ; settled in Mis souri in 1853; in 1854 became the editor of the "North East Missourian" news paper; was elected, in 1858, to the State Legislature, after a previous defeat; in 1862 he was chosen a State Senator, re maining in that capacity until 1865, when, he resigned, having been elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit- 16 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. tee on Public Lands, and as Chairman of the Committee on Mileage. Early in 18G1 he organized a Home Guard, and was chosen Colonel thereof, and was subse quently commissioned a Colonel of Mili tia, and had command of the Forty-ninth Regiment of his State. He was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention" of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Anderson, Hugh J". Born in 1801, in Maine, and was Clerk of the Waldo County Courts from 1827 to 1837, and a llepresentutive in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to 1841, and a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was a lawyer by profession ; Governor of Maine from 1844 to 1847 ; a Presidential Elector in 1849; and Commissioner of Customs in Washington, from 1853 to 1858. In Octo ber, I860, he was appointed by President Johnson Sixth Auditor of the Treasury. Anderson, Isaac. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1803 to 1807. Anderson, John. He was born in Cumberland, Maine; was a graduate of Bowdoin College in 1813; studied law and admitted to the bar in 1816; a mem ber of the Maine Senate in 1824, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Cumberland County, Maine, from 1825 to 1833, serving as a member of the Committees on Elections and Naval Af fairs. He was also Mayor of Portland in 1833 and 1842 ; United States District At torney from 1833 to 1837; and Collector of Customs at Portland from 1837 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1848. He died August 21, 1853, aged sixty-one years. Anderson, Joseph* He was born near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Novem ber 5, 1757; enjoyed what was called at the time a good education; studied law; was appointed an Ensign in the New Jer sey line in 1775; was promoted to an Adjutancy; as a Captain fought at the battle of Monmouth ; he also went, in 1779, with Sullivan against the Six Na tions ; in 1780 he was at Valley Forge ; in 1781 at the siege of York; and after the war he retired with the rank of Brevet Major. He practised law in Delaware for seven years. In 1791 was appointed by Washington Judge of the territory south of the Ohio River; remained in that posi tion until the first Constitution of Ten nessee was formed, which he aided in forming in convention ; and he was an influential member of the United States Senate, from Tennessee, from 1797 to 1815, serving at all times upon important committees, and acting on two occasions s President pro tcmpore of the Senate. He was appointed, in 1815, First Comp troller of the Treasury, where he remained until 1836. He died in AVashington, April 17, 1837. Anderson, Joseph H. He was born in New York, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847, and was Chair man of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member of the Committee on Ex penditures in the Treasury Department. Anderson, JosiaJi M. He was born in Tennessee, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to 1852, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Anderson, J. F. He was born in Tennessee, and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fourth Congress from the Ter ritory of Washington. Anderson, Lucien.Was born in Mayfield, Kentucky, in June, 1824; re ceived a good English education ; adopted the profession of the law; was a Presi dential Elector in 1852; and served for two terms as a member of the Kentucky Legislature. In 1803 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Co lumbia. During the month of November, 1863, he was taken prisoner by a party of " Confederates," and retained in custody until just before the meeting of Congress, when he was exchanged. He was a Dele gate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, a Presidential Elector in 1853, and a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention " of 1866. Anderson, Richard C., Jr. Born in Jefferson County, Kentucky ; was elect ed a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1817 to 1821, and was Chair man of the Committee on Public Lands during the Sixteenth Congress. In 1823 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Colombia, and in 1827 Envoy Extraor dinary to Panama; but died November 6, 1826. Anderson, Samuel. Born in 1774, in Pennsylvania. He served repeatedly in the Legislature of that State ; was Speaker of its House during two sessions; and elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1839, and was a member of the Committee on the Boun dary Line of Missouri. He died in Ches ter, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1850. Anderson, Simeon JET. Born in Garrard County, Kentucky, March 2, 1832; studied law and practised with success; served frequently in the Kentucky Legis lature; was elected a Representative in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 17 Congress from the Fifth Congressional District of Kentucky, from 1831) to 1841, and served as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He died at his residence near Lancaster, Kentucky, August 11, 1840, before the expiration of his term of service. He had the reputation of being a remarkably industrious, useful, and amiable man. Anderson, Thos. L. Born in Greene County, Kentucky, December 8, 1808. He was self-educated, and removed to Mis souri in 1830, where he commenced the practice of law at twenty-one years of age. He was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1840 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844, 1848, 1852, and 1856; and a mem ber of the Convention for remodelling the State Constitution in 1845, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Invalid Pensions. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Laud Claims. Anderson, William. Born in Ches ter County, Pennsylvania, in 17G3, and served throughout the Revolutionary War with credit, taking a prominent part at the siege of Yorktown. After the war he re turned to Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He was afterwards a Judge of Deleware County Court, and a Custom-house officer at Chester, in that county, where he died, December 13, 1829. Anderson, William C. Born in Lancaster, Garrard County, Kentucky, De cember G, 1826; educated at the College of Danville ; adopted the profession of law; served in the Kentucky Legislature in 1851 and 1853; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Died at Frankfort, Kentucky, December 23, 1861. Andrews, Charles. Born in Paris, Maine, in 1814 ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1837 ; was Clerk of the County Court of Oxford County ; was a member of the State Legislature from '1839 to 1843, a portion of the time Speaker of the House; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred in Paris Hill, Maine, April 30, 1852. Andrews, George It,. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from the Fourteenth Congres sional District in that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Elections. Andrews, John T. He was born in New York, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State De partment. Andreivs, Landaff W Born in Fleming County, Kentucky, February 12, 1803 ; graduated at Transylvania Univer sity in 1824 ; and commenced the practice of law in 1826, in which profession he has since been actively engaged. He was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1834, and in 1838 was elected a Representa tive in Congress, serving from 1839 to 1843, and acted on the Committees on Revolu tionary Pensions and Accounts. He was also'a member of the Kentucky Senate. Andrews, Samuel G. He was born in Derby, New Haven County, Connecti cut, October 16, 1799 ; received an academi cal education, and removed with his father to Rochester, New York, in 1816. He was occupied chiefly in mercantile and manu facturing pursuits ; was for several years Mayor of Rochester ; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1831 and 1832, from Monroe County, New York ; Clerk of the Monroe County Court; Secretary of the State Senate of New York for four years ; Clerk of the Court of Dernier Re sort for four years; and was Postmaster of Rochester. He was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died in Rochester, New York, in 18G3. Andrews, Sherlock J. Born iii Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1801 ; grad uated at Union College, settled in Cleve land, Ohio, in 1825, and practised law; was Judge of the Superior Court of that State, and elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Commerce. Angel, William G.IIe was a native of Newshoreham, Rhode Island ; was elect ed a Representative in Congress, from Bur lington, Otsego County, New York, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1833, and Avas a member of the Committees oa Indian Affairs and on Territories. Anthony, Henry 1?. He was born, in Coventry, Rhode Island, April 1, 1815, of Quaker ancestry; graduated at Brown University in 1833, and in 1838 he assumed the editorial charge of the " Providence Journal," which he retained until called to a seat in the United States Senate. He Avas elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1849, re-elected in 1850, and declined a re election. He was elected a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island for the term commencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, 18 BIOGBAPHICAL EECOEDS. serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing; and he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1871, again serving at the head of the Printing Com mittee and as a member of the Committees on Claims, Naval Affairs, Mines and Min ing, and Post Offices and Post Roads. He was a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the re mains of President Lincoln to Illinois ; and was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 18GG. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 18G6. Anthony, Joseph B. Born in Penn sylvania ; was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1838, serving as a member of the Commit tees on Territories and Military Affairs. He died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1851. Appleton, John. Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, February 11, 1815; gradu ated at Bowdoin College, Maine, in 1831; was admitted to practise law at Portland, Maine, in 1837. In the winter of 183S-'39 be became editor of a Democratic news paper in that city, " The Eastern Argus," and continued to be its editor for the next four or five years, during a part of which time he was also Register of Probate for the County of Cumberland. In 1845 he accepted an invitation from Mr. Bancroft, the Secretary of the Navy, to become Chief Clerk of the Navy Department; subse quently he succeeded Mr. Trist as Chief Clerk of the State Department, which was then presided over by Mr. Buchanan. In 1848 he was appointed, by President Polk, Charge d'Affaires of the United States to Bolivia. On his return from that mission, Avhich he resigned after the election of General Taylor, he resumed the practice of law at Portland, in partnership with Nathan Clifford, now one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the United States; but soon afterwards, in September, 1850, he was elected, from the Portland Dis trict, a member of the Thirty-second Con gress. In 1855 he joined Mr. Buchan an, at London, as Secretary of Legation, but returned home in time for the Presi dential canvass of 185G. In 1857, having been obliged from ill health to decline the position to which he had been invited, of editor of the " Washington Union," he was appointed, by President Buchanan, As sistant Secretary of State. In May, 1SGO, he was appointed Minister to Russia. He died in Portland, Maine, August 22, 1864. Appleton, Nathan. Born at New Ipswich, New Hampshire, October 6, 1779. He entered Dartmouth College in 1794, but left his studies there, after being invited by his brother to join him in the mercantile business iu Boston. He became interested in the cotton manufacture, and in 1821 was one of the three original founders of Low ell. He was at different periods a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts, and from 1831 to 1833, and again in 1842, was elected a Representative of that State in Congress, serving on important commit tees ; but soon resigned his seat, and has since taken no part in public affairs. He published pamphlets and essays on Curren cy, Banking, and the Tariff. He died in Boston, July 14, 1861. A memoir of his life was published by Robert C. Winthrop. Appleton, William. Born in Brookiield, Massachusetts, November, 178G, and was educated for mercantile pursuits, in which he was engaged exten sively and successfully for more than fifty years. He ever took a prominent part in various public enterprises and benevolent objects ; gave much attention to banking and financial operations, and was for some years, and until the close of the institution, President of the Branch Bank of the United States iu Boston. In 1850 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, and re- elected in 1852. He was also elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but died iu. February, 18G2, in Boston. Archer, John. He was born in Harford County, Maryland, in 1741, and graduated at Nassau Hall in 1760. He stud ied divinity, but, on account of a throat affection, turned his attention to medicine, and went through a course of study at the Philadelphia Medical College, having received the n'rst medical diploma ever issued in the New World. At the com mencement of the Revolution he had command of a military company; was a member of the State Legislature ; and after the war he practised his profession ; was a Presidential Elector in 1797 ; was a Representative in Congress from Mary land, from 1801 to 1807 ; and died in 1810. As a medical man he commanded great influence, and several discoveries were made by him, which have been adopted by the profession. Archer Stevenson. He was born in Harford County, Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1805 ; was a Judge of the Court of Appeals ; and elected a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1817, when he was appointed Judge in Mississippi Territory. lie was chosen a Representative in Con gress again, from 1819 to 1821, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was the son of John Archer. Archer, Stevenson. He was born in Harford County, Maryland, 1827; graduated at Princeton College, in 1846 ; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Maryland Legislature iu BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 19 1854, and in 1866 he was elected a Repre sentative from Maryland to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Expenditures on Public Buildings, and Education in the District of Columbia. His father, bearing his own name, and his grandfather, named John, were both Representatives in Congress from the same district which he now represents. ArcJier, William S. Born in Ame lia County, Virginia, March 5, 1789. He came of a Welsh family, a number of whom acquitted themselves with honor in the Revolutionary war. He obtained the rudiments of his education at the best grammar schools of the day; graduated at the CoUege of William and Mary ; and studied law. In 1812 he was elected to the State Legislature, where he served, excepting one year, until 1819. In 1820 he was elected a Representative in Con gress from Virginia, where he remained until 1835, taking an active part in all matters of national importance, and ex erting a paramount influence, especially as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and member of the Committee on the Missouri Compromise. In 1841 he was elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until 1847, having, from the start, been placed at the head of the Committee on Foreign Relations in that body. By his public acts, he com manded the respect of the country ; and by the charms of his private character, won the friendship of many of the leading men of his day. On his retirement from public life, he devoted himself to the improvement of his paternal estate ; and died March 28, 1855, of neuralgia, with which he had been afflicted for twenty years. Armstrong, James. A. native of Pennsylvania; distinguished himself in the Indian wars, and was consulted by the proprietors of Pennsylvania on all matters connected with Indian affairs. In 1776, Congress promoted him from the rank of Colonel to that of Brigadier-General, and he assisted in the defence of Fort Moul- trie, and in the battle of Germantown ; in 1777 he resigned his commission inconse quence of dissatisfaction as to rank. He was subsequently elected a Representa tive to Congress from Pennsylvania, serv ing from 1793 to 1795, and sustained a number of other honorable offices. He died at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, March 9, 1795, a few days after the expiration of his term in Congress. Was brother of John. Armstrong, e/b7m. He was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, November 25, 1755, and served as an officer in the Revo lutionary war. At the close of the war, in order to obtain redress for the griev ances sustained by the officers of the army, he prepared the celebrated " New- burgh Letters." He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1778 and 1787, from Pennsylvania, where he was made Secretary of State and Adjutant- General of the State; and to him was intrusted the direction of the last Penn sylvania war against the Connecticut set tlers of Wyoming. Returning to New York, he was sent to the Senate of the United States, serving from 1800 to 1804, when he resigned. On the return of Chancellor Livingston from the French embassy, he was commissioned Minister in his place in 1804; and was also ap pointed a Commissioner Plenipotentiary to Spain. Returning to his own country, he was appointed a Brigadier-General in 1812; in 1813, Secretary of War, by Pres ident Madison, which position he re signed in consequence of difficulties grow ing out of the capture of Washington. From that time he lived in retirement upon his estate at Red Hook, but passed a few years in Maryland. He published a brief history of the last war with Eng land. He died at Red Hook, New York, April 1, 1843. Armstrong, William. He was born in Lisburn, Antrim County, Ireland, December 23, 1782. He came to this country in 1792; had a limited education; studied law in Winchester, Virginia ; de voted himself to mercantile pursuits. In, 1813 he was appointed, by President Mad ison, Collector for the Sixth District of Virginia; in 1818 and 1819 he was a mem ber of the Virginia House of Delegates ; in 1822 and 1823, a member of the Board of Public Works ; and in 1820 and 1824 he was a Presidential Elector; for many years a Justice of the Peace; one year High Sheriff of Hampshire County; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1825 to 1833. Since that time he has lived in retirement in the pleasant valley of the South Branch of the Potomac. Arnell, Samuel M. He was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 3, 1833; his grandfather having been a soldier in the Revolution, and acquitted himself with credit at "King's Mountain." He was educated for the Church, but taught a classic school and studied law; in 1859 he went into the business of manufacturing leather; in 1861 he took an active interest in putting down the Rebellion, and suf fered in person and property from the Confederate Army; was elected to the Tennessee Legislature and advocated the passage of the Constitutional Amendment in 1865 and he was elected a Representa tive from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Congress taking his seat near the close of the first session and serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress ; serving 20 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. on the Committee on Accounts and as Chairman of that on Expenditures in the State Department. Arnold, Benedict. He was a mem ber of the Assembly of New York, from Amsterdam, Montgomery County, in 1816 and 1817, and was a liepreseutative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831. Arnold, Isaac N. Born in Hard- wicke, Otsego County, New York, in November, 1815; while engaged in ac quiring an education, he taught school, studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 he removed to Chicago, Illinois ; in 1837 he was First Clerk of the City of Chicago; in 1843 he was elected to the Illinois Legislature, and took an active part in the canal improvements ; in 1844 he was a Presidential Elector ; was for a time Attorney for the Illinois and Michi gan Canal ; and in I860 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Select Committee on the Defences and Fortifications of the Great Lakes and Rivers. In 1862 he was elected for another term to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Man ufactures, and as Chairman of that on Eoads and Canals. In May, 1865, he was appointed by President Johnson Sixth Auditor of the Treasury; and in 1866 he published a "History of Abraham Lin coln." Arnold, JonatJian.He was a Del egate from Ehode Island to the Conti nental Congress from 1782 to 1784. Arnold, Lemuel H. Born in St. Johnsbury, Vermont, January 29, 1792, and removed to Rhode Island at an early age. He graduated at Dartmouth Col lege, in 1811; was educated for the bar, but turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. In 1831, he was elected Gov ernor of Rhode Island, and re-elected in 1832 ; he was a member of the Governor's Council during the Dorr Rebellion in 1842 ; was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847; and died in Kingston, Rhode Island, June 27, 1852. Arnold, Peleg.VLe was a Delegate from Rhode Island to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788. Arnold, Samuel. He was born in Haddam, Middlesex County, Connecticut, June 1, 1806; received his education at Plainfield Academy, in Connecticut, and Westfleld Academy, in Massachusetts; has devoted the most of his life to agri cultural pursuits, and to various interests of commerce; having also for many years carried on one of the most extensive stone quarries in the Union. He was, also, for a number of years, President of the Bank of East Haddam. He served his native County, in the Legislature, during the years 1839, 1842, 1844, and 1851, and was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, as a Representative from Connecticut, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Arnold, Samuel G. Born in Provi dence, Rhode Island, April 12, 1821 ; grad uated at Brown University in 1841 ; having taken a year from the course to travel in Europe and the East ; spent two years in a counting-house in Providence, and again visited Europe ; spent two years at the Harvard Law School, and, having graduated, came to the bar in 1845; but instead of practising, again visited Eu rope, and also South America. In 1852 he was elected Lieutenant-Govtruor of Rhode Island ; in 1859 and 1860, he pub lished the " History of the State of Rhode Island," a work upon which he had long been engaged; in 1861, he was a Delegate to the Peace Convention, and again chosen Lieutenant-Governor of the State; and, on the breaking out of the Rebellion, he took the field, for a few weeks, in com mand of a battery of artillery, as aide-de camp to Governor Sprague. In 1862, he was again elected Lieutenant-Governor of Rhode Island, and was soon afterwards chosen Senator in Congress from Rhode Island, for the unexpired term of J. F. Simmons, resigned, serving on the Com mittees on Commerce and Claims. Arnold, Thomas D. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Knox County, Tennessee, from 1831 to 1833, and for a second term, from 1841 to 1843, representing Greenville County ; he was a member of the Committees on Elections and Claims. Arrington, H. Archibald. He was born in North Carolina, and repre sented that State in Congress, from 1841 to 1845, after which he retired to private life. He was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. Ash, Michael W. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Naval Affairs. AsJie, John Baptlste. He was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1790 to 1793 ; was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac ; was elected Governor of the State of North Carolina in 1801 ; and died November 27, 1802. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1787 and 1788. AsJte, John B. He was a son of John Baptiste, and was elected a Repre- BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. 21 sentative in Congress from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1845, representing the Tenth District, and serving as a member of the Committees on Invalid Pensions and Ex penditures in the State and Treasury De partments. Ashe, William S. Born in Wil mington, North Carolina, and was the son of John Baptiste ; was a lawyer by pro fession ; served in the State Legislature in 1846, and was re-elected in 1848; he was a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1853, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. Was killed on a railroad, near Wilmington, in 1864. Ashley, Chester. Rom at Westfleld, Massachusetts, June 1, 1790, but was re moved in infancy to Hudson, New York, where he resided until he reached the age of twenty-seven. He then went to Illinois, and after practising law in that State for t\vo years, removed to the Territory of Arkansas, and established himself in Lit tle Rock, then a mere landing. He was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Ar kansas, in 1844, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee in that body. He served until his death, which occurred in Washington City, April 29, 1848. Ashley, Delos M. He received a general education and studied law in Mon roe, Michigan ; went to California in 1849, where he held the office of District Attor ney in 1851, 1852, and 1853; was a mem ber of the California Assembly in 1854 and 1855 ; a State Senator in 1856 and 1857 ; and State Treasurer in 1862 and 1863. Early in 1864 he removed to Nevada, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Mines and Mining, and on that on Free Schools in the District of Columbia. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress serving on the Committee on Public Lauds. Ashley Henry. He was born in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, and was elected, a Representative in Congress, from Delaware and Greene counties, New York, from 1825 to 1827. Ashley, James M. Born in Penn sylvania, November 14, 1824; was self- educated; became an adventurer at the age of fifteen, at one time acting as clerk on the store-boats of the Ohio and Missis sippi, and then doing service in a printing- office. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1849 ; but, instead of practising his profession, he went into the business of boat-building, and was connected with the press. He subse quently settled at Toledo, and went into the wholesale drug business, and was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and made Chairman of the Com mittee on Territories, and also re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee of Claims, and as Chair man of the Committee on Territories, and under his immediate supervision the Ter ritories of Arizona, Idaho, and Montana were organized. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving again at the head of the Committee on Territories, and as a member of those on Unfinished Business and Mines and Mining. He was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Ashley, William JET. Born in Pow- hatan County, Virginia, and emigrated to Missouri, then Upper Louisiana, in 1808, and settled near the Lead Mines. In 1822, he projected the scheme of the "Moun tain Expedition," by uniting the Indian trade in the Rocky Mountains with the hunting and trapping business. He en listed about three hundred hardy men in the business, and, after various successes and reverses, having sustained numerous losses by Indian robbery and river disas ters, he and his associates realized a hand some fortune. He was the first Lieutenant- Governor of Missouri, after it became a State, and a Representative in Congress, from 1831 to 1837. He died near Boou- ville, Missouri, March 26, 1838. Ashmore, John D. Born in Green ville District, South> Carolina, August 7, 1819 ; served as a merchant's clerk for several years, and then taught school until he became of age ; studied law, but, in stead of following that profession, turned his attention to agriculture ; when quite young filled various offices in the State Militia ; was a member of the South Car olina Legislature in 1848, 1850, and 1852 ; in 1853, he was elected Comptroller-Gen eral of the State for two years, and re- elected for a second term ; and he was subsequently elected a Representative from South Carolina to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Withdrew in December, 1860. Ashmun, Eli Porter. He was a distinguished lawyer, and for several years a member of the House of Repre sentatives and Senate of Massachusetts ; and was elected, in 1816, to succeed Gen eral Varnum as Senator, from that State, in Congress; this office he resigned in 1818. He died at Northampton, Massa chusetts, May 10, 1819, aged forty-eight. Ashmun, George. Born in Brand- ford, Massachusetts, December 25, 1804 ; graduated at Yale College in 1823 ; stud ied law and settled in Springfield in 1828. He served in the State Legislature during 22 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the years 1833, 1835, 1836, 1838, and 1841, officiating as Speaker of the House in the latter year. He was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851, and was a member of the Committees on the Judi ciary, Indian Affairs, and on Rules. Since that time he has been devoted to the prac tice of his profession. In 1860 he was elected President of the Chicago Conven tion, convened to nominate a President and Vice-President, and was subsequently appointed a Director of the Union Pacific Railroad. In 1866 he was chosen a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention," but did not take part in its proceedings. AtcUison, David 12. He was born in Frogtowu, Fayette County, Kentucky, August 11, 1807; was educated for the bar; and removed to Missouri in 1830. He was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1834, and 1838. In 1841 he was appointed Judge of the Platte County Circuit Court; and, during the year 1843 was appointed a Senator of Congress, to which position he was twice elected, serv ing until 1855, frequently at the head of important committees, and for several sessions as President pro tempore of the Senate. He was subsequently devoted to agricultural pursuits. Atherton, Charles G. He was born in Amherst, Ilillsborough County, New Hampshire, July 4, 1804 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1822; studied law, but engaged in politics when quite young. He was for many years in the Legislature of New Hampshire, and for three years Speaker of the House. He was a Repre sentative i a Congress from 1837 to 1843; a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849 ; and in November, 1852, he was re-elected a Senator to fill a vacancy, and died of apoplexy in Manchester, New Hampshire, November 15, 1853. He was Chairman, in the Senate, of the Committee on Fi nance, and was identified with a measure on the Supression of Petitions in regard to the subject of Slavery. Atherton, Charles H. He was born in Amherst, New Hampshire, Au gust, 14, 1773, and graduated at Harvard College in 1794. He held the office of Register of Probate from 1798 to 1807; was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1817; and stood at the head of the bar in Ilillsborough County for many years. He died in Amherst, January 8, 1853. Atkins, John D. C.lIe was born in Henry County, Tennessee, on the 4th of June, 1825; graduated at the University of East Tennessee in 1846; was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature in 1849 and 1851; was elected to the State Senate in 1855; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, in 1857, and was a member of the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads. Atkinson, Archibald. Born in Isle of Wight County, Viriginia, September 13, 1792. He left school at the age of eighteen, and entered the office of the Clerk of the County Court, and performed the duties of copyist, devoting his leisure time to the study of law, which he com pleted at the Law School of William and Mary College. In 1813 he joined the troops at Norfolk, as ensign of a volun teer company which was attached to the 29th Regiment, and was at the battle of Craney Island. Upon leaving the army he commenced the practice of law in Smithfield, and was a member of the Gen eral Assembly from 1815 to 1817, and also of the House of Delegates and State Sen ate for several years. In 1843 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia, and served until 1848, and was a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Commerce. He waa Prosecuting Attorney for his county twenty years, Mayor of Smithfleld, and a magistrate. At Lee, Samuel John. Was a Delegate, from Pennsylvania, to the Con tinental Congress, from 1778 to 1782. Austin, Archibald. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1817 to 1819. Averett, Thomas IT. He was born in Virginia; was a resident of Halifax County, and elected a Representative in Congress, from the Third District in that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a mem ber of the Committees on Invalid Pen sions, and on Revisal, and Unfinished Business. Averi/, Daniel. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1815, and again from, 1816 to 1817. Resided in Cayuga County. Avery, William T. Born inMaury County, Tennessee, November 11, 1819, and was very early in life thrown upon his own resources for education and sup port ; he is a lawyer by profession ; and was elected to the Legislature of Tennes see in 1843. He held several creditable positions in his native State, and was chosen a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Expenditures in the State Department, and on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Axtell, Samuel J3. Born in Frank- BIOGRAPHICAL KECOBDS. 23 liu County, Ohio, October 14, 1819 ; was a student at the Western Reserve College ; studied and practised law ; emigrated to California in 1851, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Commerce and Weights and Measures. Aycrigg, John J?. He was born in New York, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment, and the Joint Committee on the Library, and on Invalid Pensions. In 1844 he was also a Presidential Elector ; and he was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and although he came with the "Broad Seal" of New Jer sey, he was not admitted. Babbitt, Elijah. Born in Provi dence, Rhode Island, in 1796 ; received a common-school and academic education, in the States of New York and Pennsyl vania; studied law in the latter State, and was admitted to the bar in 1824 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for the State in 1833; served in the State Legislature in 18.36 and 1837; was a State Senator in 1844 and 1845 ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress. BabcocJc, Alfred. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. BabcocJc, Leander. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. BabcocJc, William. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Com mittee on Public Accounts. Bacon, Ezekiel. He was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in 1776; graduated at Yale College in 1804; the son of John Bacon ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1805 and 1806 ; Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for the Western District of Massachusetts, in 1813; First Comptroller of the United States Treasury from 1813 to 1815 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1807 to 1813. He subse quently removed to Utica, New York, and was a Delegate to the Constitutional Con vention of 1821. Bacon, . He was born in Bloomfleld, New Jersey, September 14, 1827; graduated at Yale College in 1849; studied law as a profession, but soon en gaged almost exclusively in railroad busi ness, having for several years been Presi dent of the Naugatuck Railroad Company. He was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Connecticut, and was Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures. In May, 1859, he was ap pointed by President Buchanan Commis sioner of Patents, but resigned in January, 1860. In 18GG he was re-elected to the State Legislature. Bissell, William H. Born in Hart- wick. Otsego County, New York, April 25, 1811. He was self-educated, attend ing school in the summer, and teaching school in the winter; he studied medicine, and graduated, in 1834, at the Medical Col lege in Philadelphia; he removed to Il linois, and, after practising his profession until 1840, was elected to the State Legis lature ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois; after practising with success, he was, in 1844, elected a Prosecuting Attorney; he served with distinction in the Mexican war, and es pecially at Buena Vista, as Captain of the 2d Regiment Illinois Volunteers ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Il linois, from 1849 to 1855 ; and in 185G he was elected Governor of Illinois for four years, to the duties of which office he de voted his undivided attention. Died at Springiield, Illinois, March 18, 1860. Black, Edward J. Born in Bean- fort, South Carolina, in 1806. He never attended college, but read law, and was admitted to the bar of Augusta, Georgia, in 1827. He commenced hfs public life by going into the State Legislature, where he served for several years, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, in 1838, remaining there until 1845. He died in Barnwell District, South Carolina, whither he had gone, for change of scene, in 1846. Black, Henry. He was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, February 25, 1783, and was the father of Judge J. S. Black; in 1815 he was elected to the State Legislature, and for three successive years afterwards ; and in 1820 he was ap pointed an Associate Judge of his County, and held the office for twenty } r ears. In 1841, at a special election, he was chosen to fill the seat in Congress made vacant by the death of Charles Ogle, serving during the extra session of that year; and when on the point of his departure for Wash ington, at the commencement of the regu lar session, he died suddenly, November 28, 1841. Black, James. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Black, James A. He was born la South Carolina; served as a Captain in the war of 1812 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to the time of his death. Died in Washing ton, April 5, 1848. Black, John. He was at one time a resident of Louisiana, but removing to Mississippi, was elected a Senator in. Congress from 1832 to 1838, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Private BIOGBAPHICAL EECOEDS. 41 Land Claims during the first term. He died in Winchester, Virginia, August 29, 1854. BlacTcledge, William. Presumed to have been the father of the following. He wag for several years a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina, and served that State as Representative in Congress, from 1803 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1813. Died at Spring Hill, Lenoir County, North Carolina, October 19, 1828. Blackledge, William S. He was born in Pitt County, North Carolina; was a member of the General Assembly of North Carolina ; and he was elected to Con gress, from that State, for the term from 1821 to 1823. Died in Newbern, North Carolina, March 21, 1857, aged sixty-four. BlacJtmar, Esbon. He was a na tive of New York, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1848 to 1849, for the unexpired term of John M. Holley. He also served two years in the State Assembly, from Wayne County. BlacJcivell, Julius W. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. Blaine, James Gillespie. He was born in Washington County, Pennsylva nia, in 1830; graduated at Washington College in 1847 ; adopted the profession of editor, and, having removed to Maine, edited the " Kennebec Journal " and "Portland Advertiser" for several years. He served four years in the Maine Legis lature, two of which as Speaker of the House ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty- eiglith Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs and the Special Commit tee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of that on the War Debts of the Loyal States. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and Rules. Blair, Austin. Was born in Caro line, Tompkius County, New York, Feb ruary 8, 1818; graduated at Union College in 1839 ; studied law, and, removing to Michigan, practised the profession in that State. After holding the local offices of County Clerk, and Prosecuting Attor ney for his county, he was elected to the Legislature, and afterwards to the Senate of the State ; was Governor of Michigan from 1861 to 1865, and in I860 he was elected a Representative from that State to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, Rules, and Militia. Blair, Barnard. lie was a native of New York, and a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving as a member of the Commit tee ou Elections. Blair, Francis P., Jr. Born in Lexington, Kentucky, February 19, 1821; graduated at Princeton College; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Missouri Legislature in 1852 and 1854 ; and elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Thirty-Fifth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was Chairman of the Com mittee on Military Affairs. Us was also a Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, and in 1862 he was appointed a Major-General in the army, and was subsequently re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. During the first session of that Congress he re signed his seat in the House to resume his position in the army, but by the ac tion of the House, subsequently the seat was assigned to his contestant, Samuel Knox. In 1866 he was appointed by Pres ident Johnson Collector of Customs for the port of St. Louis. He was also a Delegate to the Cleveland " Soldiers' Con vention" of 1866 ; and in December of that year was appointed a Commissioner for the Pacific Railroad. Blair, Jacob B. Was born in Par- kersburg, Wood County, Virginia, April 11, 1821; studied and adopted the profes sion of law; was Prosecuting Attorney for Ritchie County for several years ; and was elected a Representative from Vir ginia to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. In 1863 ho was elected a Representative from West Vir ginia to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Public Expen ditures and Public Buildings and Grounds. Blair, James. He was born in Lan caster, South Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1821 to 1822, and from 1829 to 1834. He died at Washington, by his own hand, April 1, 1834. Blair, John. He was born in Wash ington County, Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1823 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Before entering Congress he served in both branches of the State Leg islature, and died at Jonesborough, Ten nessee, in July, 1863. Blair, Samuel S. He was born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a 'member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Re- 42 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was placed at the head of that com mittee, serving also on several other com mittees. Blaisdell, Daniel. He was a State Councillor from 1803 to 1808, and.aRepre- sentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1808 to 1811. Died in 1832, aged seventy- three years. BlaJce, Harrison G. Born in New Fane, Windham County, Vermont, March 17, 1818; received a common-school edu cation, and removed to Ohio in 1830. Whilst engaged as a merchant's clerk he studied law, and after devoting much of his life to mercantile pursuits, he adopted the profession of law. He has served four years in the Ohio Legislature, and was President of the State Senate in 1848-'49 ; and he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Ac counts. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. BlaJce, John, J~r. He was a native of New York, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1809, and was a member' of the Assembly of that State in 1819. BlaJce, TJiomas If. He was born in Calvert County, Maryland, June, 1792, and spent his boyhood in Washington City. ^ He served at the battle of Bladens- burg in 1814; was an early emigrant to the State of Kentucky, and afterwards to Indiana while a Territory ; upon the for mation of the State Government, he set tled at Terre Haute ; there practised law, and served on the bench of the Circuit Court, and was District Attorney; and subsequently engaged in mercantile pur suits. He was, for many years, a mem ber of the State Legislature, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1827 to 1829. Under President Tyler's administration he was Commissioner of the General Laud Office, and, upon his resignation, was appointed President of the Wabash and Erie Canal Company. He held this office at the time of his death, having just returned from England, where, as the financial agent of his State, he had made satisfactory arrangements with its public creditors. He died at Cincinnati, while on liis return from Washington, No vember 28, 1849. Blanchard, Jonathan. lie was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress, in 1783 and 1784. Blanc7iard, Jolin. Born in the County of Caledonia, Vermont, Septem ber 30, 1787. He spent his boyhood on a farm ; prepared himself for college, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1812; removed to Pennsylvania, and taught school ; read law, and was admitted to practice ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1849. He died in Columbia, Lancaster County, March 8, 1849. Bland, Richard. He was a native of Virginia; was for some years a lead ing member of the House of Burgesses. In 1768 he was one of the committee ap pointed to remonstrate with Parliament on the subject of taxation; in 1773 was one of the Committee of Correspondence; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776. He died in 1790, aged forty-eight years. Bland, Theodoric. Was a native of Virginia; having been born in 1742, and was the uncle of John Randolph. He was bred a physician, but upon the com mencement of the American war he quitted the practice for the army, and rose to the rank of Colonel, and had the command of a regiment of dragoons. In 1779 he had command of the troops at Albe- marle Barracks, and continued in that station till elected to a seat in Congress, from Virginia, in 1780. He served in that body three j'ears. He was then chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature. He was a Representative in the first Con gress under the Constitution, having voted for its adoption. He died at New York, June 1, 1790, while attending a ses sion of Congress. He was the first mem ber of Congress whose death was an nounced in that body; and although buried in Trinity church-yard, the sermon in the church was preached by a pastor of the Dutch Reformed denomination. He was present at the battle of Brandy- wine, and enjoyed the confidence of George Washington. He was a man of literary culture, and his correspondence with eminent men was published in 1843, as "The Bland Papers." Bledsoc, Jesse. He was at one time a distinguished advocate and jurist of Kentucky, and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815; he was also Professor of Law in the Univer sity of Transylvania, and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Kentucky. He died at Nacogdoches, Texas, June 30, 1837. BleecJeer, Hermanns. lie was born at Albany, New York, in 1779, and died there July 19, 1849. He was a mem ber of Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813, and, by President Van Bu- ren, was appointed, in 1839, Charge d'Af- faircs at the Hague. In 1822 he was a BIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. 43 Regent of the University of New York, aud received the degree of LL.D. Bliss, George. Was born in Jericho Chittenden County, Vermont, January 1, 1813; received an academical education; went to Ohio in his twentieth year, and spent one year in Granville College; studied law and came to the bar in 1841 ; in 1850 he was appointed President Judge of the Eighth Judicial District of Ohio, serving one year, or until the State Con stitution was changed ; in 1852 was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-third Congress, and in 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Uniou Conven tion "of 1866. Bliss, Philemon. Born in Canton, Connecticut, Jtly 28, 1814; educated at rail-field Academy, Oneida Institute, and Hamilton College, New York; was a law- 3 T er by profession ; removed to Ohio, and was elected President Judge of the Four teenth Circuit Court, and, in 1854, a Rep resentative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Con gress. He was a member of the Commit tee on Manufactures. Bloodworth, Timothy. He was born in North Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Car olina, in 1790 and 1791, and a Senator of the United States from 1795 to 1801. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He died August 24, 1814. Bloom, Isaac. He was elected a Representative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but died before taking his seat, in 1803. Bloomfteld, Joseph. Born in the town of Woodbridge, Middlesex County, New Jersey; studied law until 1775, when he became an active friend of the Revolu tion ; was afterwards Attorney-General for New Jersey; Governor of that State from 1801 to 1812 ; was appointed a Brigadier- General by President Madison; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1817 to 1821. As Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions he reported the bill granting pen sions to soldiers of the Revolutionary army. He resided in Burlington, New Jersey, many years before his death. Blount, Thomas. He was born in North Carolina; was a General of Militia in that State; and a Representative from the same in the Twelfth Congress. Died in Washington, February 9, 1812. Blount, William. He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress in 1782, 1783, 1786, and 1787, from North Carolina; and was Governor of the territory south of the Ohio, having been appointed to that office in 1790. In 1796 he Avas chosen President of the Convention of Tennessee. He was elected the same year, by that State, to a seat in the United States Sen ate, but was expelled in 1797, for having, as it was alleged, instigated the Creeks and Cherokees to assist the British in conquering the Spanish territories near the United States. While his impeach ment was being tried in the United States Senate he was elected a member of the State Senate and made President thereof. He died at Knoxville, March 10, 1810, aged fifty-six years. Blount, William G. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1815 to 1819. Died May 21, 1827. Blow, Henry T. Born in Southamp ton County, Virginia, July 15, 1817; re moved to Missouri in 1830, and graduated at the St. Louis University; devoted him self to the drug and lead business ; served four years in the State Senate ; in 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln Min ister to Venezuela, which he resigned in less than a year, and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Con vention of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Appropriation, Bankrupt Law, and Reconstruction. Boardman, Elijah. Born in New Milford, Connecticut, March 7, 1760, and became a successful merchant. He was frequently a member of the Legislature, member of the Council, and a Senator in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1821 to 1823. He died in Boardman, Ohio, Octo ber 8, 1823. Boardman William W. He was born in New Milford, Connecticut, Octo ber 10, 1794 ; graduated at Yale College in 1812; studied law at Litchtield and Cambridge, aud practised with success; was at one time Jr.dge of Probate ; for several years in the State Legislature, and Speaker of the House ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1841 to 1843. Bockee, Abraham. Born in the town of Northeast, Duchess County, New York, in 1783 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1820; a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831, and again from 1833 to 1837; and a member of the State Senate from 1842 to 1845. He also held the position, 44 BIOGEAPIIICAL EECOEDS. in 1846, of first Judge of the Duchess County Court. Died at Poughkeepsie, June 1, 1865. BococJc, Thomas S. He was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, in 1815 ; graduated at Hampden Sidney College; adopted the profession of law ; was Com monwealth Attorney for the County of Appomattox in 1845 and 1846; for several sessions a member of the Virginia House of Delegates ; and has been a Representa tive in Congress from 1847 to 1861, serv ing, for some j r ears, as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the "Confederate" Congress. Boden, Alexander. RQ was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Bodle, Charles. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835, and died in New York City, in 1836. Boermn, Simon. He was a Dele gate, from New York, to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777. BoJcee, David A. He was born in New York, October 6, 1805 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1851, serving on the Commit tee on Indian Affairs ; and his last public position was that of Naval Officer of the port of New York, under President Fill- more. He died in Washington, March 16, 1860; he was on a visit to that city, and was found dead in his room. Bond, S7iadrack.He was elected a Delegate to Congress, from the Terri tory of Illinois, from 1811 to 1815; and was the first Governor under the State Constitution. In 1814 was appointed Re ceiver of Public Moneys in Kaskaskia, Illinois. He died at Kaskaskia, April 13, 1832. Bond, William Key. He was born in St. Mary's County, 'Maryland ; emi grated to Ohio in 1812; studied law and settled in the practice of the profession at Chillicothe, and subsequently at Cin cinnati; was at one time a Colonel of Militia ; and a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 1841. Died at Cincinnati, February 17, 1864. BonJiam Milledge L. He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the Col lege of that State in 1834 ; is a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a Represent ative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from his native State, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, but withdrew in December, 18GO. He was a Major-General of Militia, and served in Mexico at the head of a bat talion of South Carolina troops. Served as a Major-General in the Rebel Army iu 1861, and was Governor of South Carolina from 1862 to 1864. Boody, Azariah. lSorn in New York, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-third Con gress, but resigned in October, 1853. Boon, Jtatllff. He was born in Franklin County, North Carolina, in 1781, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1839, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands during the Twenty-fourth Congress. He died in. Louisiana, November 20, 1844. Booth, Walter. Jiorn in Wood- bridge, New Haven County, Connecticut, December 8, 1791, and after receiving a good school education in New Haven he settled in the town of Meridcn, where he still resides. He was for several years a merchant and manufacturer, and for eighteen years President of the Meriden Bank ; he has been a member of the Gen eral Assembly and State Senate ; and in 1834 was Associate Judge of the County Court. He was Major-General of Militia, and elected a member of the Thirty-first Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. He has since been engaged in agricultural pursuits. Borden, Nathaniel B. He was born in Fall River, Massachusetts, April 15, 1801, and was a Representative in Congress, from the Fall River District, in that" State, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843, and was a member of the Committees on Elections and Territo ries. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1831, 1834, and 1851, and a State Senator from 1845 to 1848. Died at Fall River, April 10, 1865. Borland, Charles, Jr. He was born in Orange County, New York, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1820; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 182:3; and was again elected to the Assembly in 1836. Borland, Solon. lie was born in Virginia ; was educated in North Caroli na; served in the war with Mexico as a volunteer; was a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; was a Senator in Congress, from Arkansas, from 1848 to 1853, and was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Central America. He also received, from President Pierce, the appointment of Governor of the Territory of New Mexico, but declined. He took part in. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 45 the Rebellion of 18G1 as a Brigadier-Gen eral. Died in Texas early in 1864. Borst, Peter I. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from the County of Schoharie, New York, from 1829 to 1831, and was a member of the Commit tee on Expenditures in the Post Office De partment. Died at Middleburg, New York, November 14, 1848. Boss, John L., Jr. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Rhode Isl and, from 1815 to "1819. Bossier, Peter E. Tie was descend ed from an old French family of Louisi ana, and, after serving ten years in the State Senate, he was elected a member of the Twenty-eighth Congress from that State, and died in Washington before the expiration of his term, April 24, 1844. Boteler, Alexander B. Born in Shepherclstown, Jefl'erson County, Vir ginia, May 1C, 1815. After going through an academic course of studies in his na tive town, he entered Princeton College, and graduated in 1835, and since that time has been chiefly devoted to rural and literary pursuits. In 1852 and 185G, he was on the Electoral tickets, Whig and American ; and in 1859 he was elected a Representative, from Virginia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. During a part of the Rebellion he served as a Representative in the so-called " Confed erate " Congress. Botts, John M. Born in Dumfries, Prince William County, Virginia, Septem ber 1C, 1802, but removed with his father to Fredericksburg, and subsequently to Richmond. In 1811 he lost his parents, at the conflagration of the Richmond the atre, and was sent to a boarding-school. At eighteen he was admitted to the bar, practised for six years, and then retired to a farm in Henrico County. He served in the Legislature from 1833 to 1839, when he was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, and occupied that position until 1843 ; was re-elected to the Thirtieth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. He afterwards resumed the practice of his profession in Richmond, where he now resides, having, since 1851, declined all nominations for public office in his State. During the Rebellion he remained faithful to the Government of the United States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 18GG. He was one of those who gave bail for Jefferson Davis in 18G7. BoucJe, Joseph* He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833, serving on the Committee on Im prisonment for Debt. Bolide, Thomas. H.e was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1803. Boudinot, Ellas. Was born in Phil adelphia, May 2, 1740. He studied the law and became eminent in that profession. At an early period of the Revolutionary war he was appointed by Congress Com missary General of Prisoners. In the year 1777 he was chosen a member of Congress, and in 1782 was made Presi dent of that body. After the adoption of the Constitution he entered the House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, where he continued from 1781) to 1795. He then succeeded Rittenhouse as Direc tor of the Mint of the United States, an office which he resigned in the course of a few years, and lived from that time at Burlington, New Jersey. He devoted himself earnestly to biblical literature, and, being possessed of an ample fortune, made munificent donations to various charitable and theological institutions. The American Bible Society, of which he became President, was particularly an ob ject of his bounty. He died at Burling ton, New Jersey, October 24, 1821. He published several books, and was devoted to Natural History. Bouldin, James W. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1839, having been elected to the Twenty- third Congress in place of his brother, T. T. Bouldiu, deceased. Bouldin, Thomas T. He was born in Virginia ; spent his youth in farming ; adopted the profession of law, and reached a high judicial position ; was a member of Congress from Virginia, from 1829 to 1833, and died in the Capitol, at Wash ington, February 11, 1834. He had been re-elected to the Twenty-third Congress, but died soon after entering upon his third term. On the day preceding his death he was censured by a colleague for omitting to call the attention of the House to the death of his predecessor, John Ran dolph ; and he had risen to reply, when he was seized with paralysis, sank down into a chair, and died immediately. Before entering Congress he had been a lawyer of high rank, and an able and upright judge, and highly respected for his talents and integrity. Bouligney, Dominique. lie was born in Louisiana; was a lawyer by pro fession ; was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1824 to 1829, and died in 1833. BouUgney, John Edmund. HQ 46 BIOGRAPHICAL KECORDS. was born in New Orleans, February 5, 1824, and was of Creole descent ; received a good education; held several offices of trust in his native city, and was elected a Representative, from Louisiana, to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Of the represent atives of twelve millions of people, he was the only one who refused to abandon his State to the leaders of the secession movement, and he continued in Congress until the close of his term. He died in Washington, of consumption, February 20, 1864. Dominique Bouliguey, formerly a Senator from Louisina, was his uncle. Bourne, Benjamin. He was a na tive of Bristol, lihode Island, and was born about the year 1755, and educated at Harvard College, where he graduated in 1775. He was conspicuous for talents and learning, and spent a large part of his life in public and honorable employments. He was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1790 to 1796, when he resigned, and was appointed Judge of the United States District Court of Rhode Island. 'He died September 17, 1808. Bourne, Shearjasub. He was a graduate of Harvard College in 1764; was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Suffolk County, Massachusetts ; and a Representative in Congress from 1791 to 1795. He died in 1806. Boutivell, George S. He was born in Brooklinc, Norfolk County, Massachu setts, January 28, 1818. When a boy he had some experience in farming; was in the mercantile business, as apprentice, clerk, and proprietor, for twenty years ; studied law, and came to the bar some what late in life; served seven years in the Massachusetts Legislature, between the years 1842 and 1850; was a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Con vention of 1853, and also of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; was a Bank Commis sioner in 1849 and 1850; was Governor of Massachusetts in 1851 and 1852; Sec retary of the Massachusetts Board of Education for five years ; member for six years of the Board of Overseers of Har vard College ; and was the first Commis sioner of Internal Revenue from July, 1862, to March, 1863. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Massachu setts, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Judiciary Committee. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Ju diciary, Reconstruction, on a Bureau of Education, and Free Schools in the Dis trict of Columbia ; was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on his old committees. A volume of his " Speeches and Papers " was published in 1867; and in 1868 he was one of the Managers in the Impeach ment trial of Andrew Johnson. Bovee, Matthias J". He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, serving on the Committee on Ex penditures in the War Department. Bowden, Lemuel .J. Was born in the North Neck of Virginia, in 1812; grad uated at William and Mary College ; was a lawyer by profession ; served three ses sions in the Virginia Legislature; was a member of the Convention for amending the State Constitution in 1849; also of the Convention for the same purpose in 1851 ; was Presidential Elector in 1861; and suffered much in his estate, from the rebel armies, during the early part of the Rebellion. While our troops were at Williamsburg, he did much for the com fort of our officers and men ; and in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Virginia, but died in Washington City, January 2, 1864. In the Senate he served on the Committees on Pensions and Post Offices and Post Roads. Boivdon, FranTclin W. Born in Alabama, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1846 to 1851, from his na- tive'State. In 1852 he removed to Texas, and engaged in the practice of the law. He died at Henderson, Texas, June 6, 1857. Boiven, John S. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1813 to 1815. Bower, Gustavus B. He was born iu Virginia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. Boivers, 3; and in 1855 he was elected Comp troller of New York. Burt, Armistcad.He Avas born iu South Carolina, received a liberal educa tion, adopted the profession of law. and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1843 to 1853. Dur ing a part of the Thirtieth Congress he officiated as Speaker of the House of Rep resentatives. Burton, Hutcliins G. He was born in Granville County, North Carolina; studied law; in 1810 represented Mecklen burg in the State Legislature, and, in 181G, the County of Halifax; was for several years Attorney-General of the State. He served as a Representative iu Congress, from North Carolina, from 1819 to 1824. and was a member of the Committees on the Judiciary and Military Affairs ; he was then elected Governor of North Carolina, from 1824 to 1827. He died in Iredell County, April 21, 1836. Burton, Robert. He was a Delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress, from 1787 to 1788. Burwell, William E. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1806 to 1821. Died February 16, 1821, iu Washington City, before the expiration of his term. Busby, George JET. He was born in Darstowu, Northumberland County, Penn sylvania, July 10, 1794. In 1810 he re moved with his father to Ohio, where he acquired a knowledge of the cabinet-mak ing business and devoted himself to farm ing. In 1824 he was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and of the Su preme Court, and subsequently a Recorder of Deeds in the County of Marion ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1853, from Ohio. Butler, Andrew Pic7cens.Re was born in Edgefleld District, South Carolina, November 19, 1796. He graduated at South Carolina College in 1817, studied law and came to the bar in 1818, became a member of the Legislature when quite a young man, and was appointed, in 1835, one of the Judges of the General Sessions of Common Pleas, which office ho held until 1847, when he was appointed by the executive to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the death of Mr. McDuffie. He was subsequently elected 64 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. and re-elected to the same position, and was in this office at the time of his death, which occurred at his home, May 25, 1857. He was a statesman of ability and influence; was a relative of Preston S. Brooks ; and it was because of remarks made about him in debate, by Charles Sumner, that Mr. Brooks made a personal assault upon Mr. Sumner. Butler, Chester. Born in Wilkes- barre, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in March, 1798 ; graduate'd at Princeton Col lege in 1817; read law at the Litchfielcl School, and was admitted to the bar in 1820. He served three terms in the Leg islature of Pennsylvania; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1850, and was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. He died in Philadelphia, October 5, 18cO. Butler, Benjamin FranMin.lle was born in South Deerfleld, New Hamp shire, November 5, 1818; his grandfather, Zephaniah, having been an officer in the Revolution, and his father, John, having served under General Jackson at New Or leans. He graduated at Waterville Col lege in 1838 ; studied law, and on being admitted to the bar settled in Lowell, Massachusetts, practising his profession in that city and in Boston ; in 1853 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was subsequently a member of the Convention to revise the State Constitution ; in 1859 he was elected to the State Senate; in 1860 was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention; in 1861 was appointed a Brigadier-General, and entered actively into the war movements ; before the close of that year he was made a Major-Gen- eral, serving as such in New Orleans and various other portions of the rebellious States ; at the conclusion of the Rebellion he resumed his profession of law in Low ell, and in 1866 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Massachusetts, to the Fortieth Congress ; serving on the Com mittees on Ordnance and Appropria tions, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on the Assassination of Presi dent Lincoln; and he was one of the Managers in the Impeachment Trial of Andrew Johnson. Butler, Ezra. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1813 to 1815, and Governor of that State during the years 1826 and 1827. He died at Waterbury, Vermont, July 19, 1838. Butler, Josiah, Born in Rocking- ham County, New Hampshire, in 1780, and died at Deerfleld, October 29, 1854. He graduated at Harvard University in 1803 ; studied law in Virginia, and practised it in his native State. He was repeatedly elected to the State Legislature; was a County Sheriff, and a Clerk of the Courts. He was elected a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, in 1817, and served in that capacity until 1823, officiat ing as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture during the Seventeenth Con gress. He was then appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, which he held until the office was abol ished. Butler Pierce. He came of the fam ily of the Dukes of Ormond, in Ireland. Before the Revolution he was a Major in a British regiment in Boston, but after wards attached himself to the republican institutions of America. In 1787 he was a Delegate, from South Carolina, to the old Congress; in 1788, a member of the Convention which framed the Constitu tion of the United States, having signed the same; and, under it, was one of the first Senators from South Carolina, and remained in Congress till 1796. He waa one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. On the death of J. E. Calhoun, in 1802, he became again a Senator in Congress, but resigned in 1804. He was opposed to some of the measures of Washington's ad ministration, but approved of the war of 1812. He died at Philadelphia, February 15, 1822, aged seventy-seven. Butler, RodericJc JR. He was born in Wytheville, Virginia; received a lim ited education; commenced life as a me chanic, but having studied law, adopted that profession and settled in Tennessee ; he was a Justice of the Peace, a Major of the Militia, a Postmaster under President Fillmore; served two years in the State Assembly and one in the State Senate; was a County Judge, and a Lieutenant- Colonel during the Rebellion; and was subsequently Judge of the First Judicial District of the State, holding the office from 1865 to 1867, when he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Fortieth Congress. He was also Chairman of the Republican State Committee. , Butler, Samson JET. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1840 to 1843. Butler, Thomas. He was born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1818 to 1821. Died August 14, 1847. Butler, TJwmas B.lle was born in Wethersfleld, Connecticut, in 1807; was educated a lawyer; served in the Connecticut Legislature ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Connecti cut, from 1849 to 1851. Butler, William. He was the father BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. of the late Senator A. P. Butler, and graduated at the College of South Caro lina as a student of medicine ; served as an Officer and Surgeon both in the Army and Navy of the United States ; and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1811. He died December 8, 1821. Butler, William. He was a native of South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1810; and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1841 to 1843. He was the brother of the late Senator A. P. Butler, and his wife was the sister of the late Commodore O. H. Perry. Sutler, William O. He was born in Jessamine County, Kentucky, in 1793, and came of a family honorably identified with the Revolution. He was liberally educated, and when the war of 1812 broke out he enlisted as a soldier ; was an en sign under General Winchester, at the battle of the River Raisin; and under General Jackson, in the South, he attained the rank of Captain, and was made a Colonel in 1817. After spending many years in retirement, he was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, in 1839, and re-elected in 1841 ; and dur ing the war with Mexico he obtained such distinction that he was promoted to the position of Major-General in the regular army ; a sword was voted to him by Con gress, March 2, 1847 ; and when General Scott was recalled from the City of Mex ico, General Butler was left chief-in-com- mand, and announced the ratification of the treaty of peace, May 29, 1848. In 1848 he was the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, on the ticket with Lewis Cass for President. He was appointed, by President Pierce, Governor of Nebraska Territory, but declined the appointment. He is the author of many fugitive pieces of poetry, several of which possess un common merit, and one, entitled " The Boat Horn," has attained great popularity. In 1861 he was member of the Peace Con gress held in .Washington. Butman, Samuel. He was a mem ber of the Maine Legislature in 1822, 1826, and 1827, and a Representative in Congress, from Penobscot County, Maine, from 1827 to 1831, and was a member of the Committee on Internal Improvements. In 1846 he was a County Commissioner, and in 1853 was re-elected to the Legisla ture, and made President of the Senate. Died in 1864. Buttcrfleld, Martin. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agricul ture. 5 B)/nam, Jesse A. Born in Halifax County, North Carolina. He was edu cated at Union College, New York ; served a number of years in the State Legisla ture; was a member of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1833 to 1841. While in Congress lie fought a duel with Daniel Jenifer, which terminated harmlessly; and at the close of his last term he re moved to Louisiana. Cabell, Edward C. Born in Rich mond, Virginia, 1817; graduated at the University of Virginia; and in 1837 re moved to the Territory of Florida, where he settled as a cotton planter. He repre sented the State of Florida in Congress, from 1847 to 1853. Cabell, Samuel J. In the begin ning of the war of the Revolution he was at William and Mary College," and left there to join the first armed corps raised in Virginia, and soon attained the rank of Lieutenant - Colonel in the Continental Army, serving with honor in all the cam paigns, till the fall of Charleston, May 12, 1780, when he became a prisoner, and the close of the war restored him to liberty. For many years he was a member of the Virginia Assembly, and a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 1803. He died in Nelson County, Vir ginia, September 4, 1818, aged sixty-oue years. Cable, Joseph. He was born iu Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Cabot, George. Born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1752, and emploj T ed the early part of his life in foreign commerce. Before he was twenty-six years old he was elected a member of the Provincial Congress, from Massachusetts, where he advocated those principles of political economy for which he was afterwards dis tinguished ; he was a member of the Con vention which formed the Constitution of that State, and also of that which ratified the Constitution of the United States, to promote which he made the most strenu ous exertions. From 1791 to 1796 he served in the United States Senate, and was one of the most distinguished mem bers of that body ; a confidential friend of Washington and Hamilton, to the lat ter of whom he rendered most important assistance in forming his financial system. In 1808 he was a member of the Council of Massachusetts, and in 1814 a Delegate to the Hartford Convention, and was made President of that body. He, after that period, retired from public life, and died at Boston, April 18, 1823, aged seventy-two. Cadw,alader> John. lie was born in, Pennsylvania,, and was a Representa- 66 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. tive, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Cadwalader, Lambert. He was born in Trenton, New Jersey. He com manded a regiment early in the Revolu tion, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1795. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He died in Trenton, September 12, 1823, aged eighty-two years. He was also a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1784 to 1787. Cacti/, Daniel. He was born in Chatham, Columbia County, New York, April 29, 1773; was bred a shoemaker; studied law, admitted to the bar in 1795, and practised with success; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, having previous ly served five years in the State Legisla ture. In 1846 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York, which he resigned in 1856 ; and he was a Presi dential Elector in 1856, when he presided over the College. In April, 1859, without a moment's warning, he became totally blind. Died in Johnstown, New York, October 31, 1859. Cady, John W. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1822, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Cage, Harry. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1833 to 1835. Cahoon, William,. He was a Presi dential Elector in 1809, and a Represent ative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1829 to 1833. From 1815 to 1820 he was also a State Councillor; County Judge for nine years ; Lieutenant Governor of Ver mont in 1820 and 1821; and for seven years a member of the State Legislature. CaJee, Henry L. Born in Northum berland, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1827; educated in the schools of his native town ; learned the business of printing at Harris- burg, and settled in Schuylkill County in 1847; was elected Brigadier-General of Militia in 1854; on the 18th of April, 1861, he arrived in Washington in command of the first five hundred soldiers enlisted to put down the Rebellion, and was quartered in the Capitol twenty-four hours before any other volunteers had arrived ; in May, these troops were organized as the 25th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, and he was elected its Colonel; after serving for a time under Generals Stone and Pat terson, he reorganized his regiment, which became the 96th, and continued in the service until 1803, when he resigned. Be fore entering the arrny he was twice a candidate for the State Senate ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Printing, the Library and Roads and Canals. Caldwell, George A. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Caldwell, Greene W. Born in Gas- ton County, North Carolina, April 13, 1811. He studied medicine, and practised with success, but subsequently devoted himself to the law. He served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was a mem ber of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1841 to 1843. He was subsequently appointed Superintendent of the United States Mint, at Charlotte, which position he resigned. He participated in the war with Mexico as volunteer Captain of a company of dragoons. Caldwell, James. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1813 to 1817. Caldwell, Joseph P. Born ,in Ire- dell County, North Carolina, in 1808. He was educated at Bethany Academy; studied law; and entered public life in 1838, as a member of the State Legisla ture, where he served a number of years, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1849 to 1853. Caldwell, Patriclc C. He was a native of South Carolina, and a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Calhoun, John. Re was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Calhoun, John C. Born in Abbe ville District, South Carolina, March 18, 1782. He was of an Irish family. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was born in Ire land, and at an early age came to Pennsyl vania, thence went to the western part of Virginia, and after Braddock's defeat, moved to South Carolina in 1756. At the age of thirteen he was put under the charge of his brother-in-law, Dr. Wacldell, in Co lumbia County, Georgia. He entered Yale College in 1802, and graduated with dis tinction ; studied law" at Litchfielcl, Con necticut ; and in 1807 was admitted to the bar of South Carolina. The next year he entered the Legislature of tluit State, where he served for two sessions with ability and distinction, and in 1811 was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 67 elected to Congress, where he continued until 1817, when lie became Secretary of War under President Monroe, and con ducted the affairs of that department with energy and ability for seven years. In 1825 he was elected Vice-President, and in 1831, upon General Haync's leaving the Senate to become Governor of South Carolina, Mr. Calhoun resigned the Vice- Presidenc}', and was elected a member of the United States Senate by the Legisla ture of South Carolina. After the expira tion of his senatorial term, he went vol untarily into retirement. Upon the death of Mr. Upshur, in 1843, he assumed the conduct of the State Department, which he held until the close of President Tyler's administration. In 1845 he was again elected Senator, which office he held until his decease. From 1811, when he entered Congress, until his death, he was rarely absent from Washington, and during the most of that period he was in the public service of his State and country. He en tered Congress at a time of unusual ex citement, preceding the declaration of war of 1812, and had great influence in favor of that measure. In the difficulties and embarrassments upon the termination of war, and the transition to a peace estab lishment, he took a responsible part. As a presiding officer of the Senate he was punctual, methodical, and accurate, and had a high regard for the dignity of the body, which he endeavored to preserve and maintain. His connection with nulli fication, his views of the tariff, his opin ions in regard to slaveiy, and the many and exciting questions arising from it, are well known. He shaped the course and moulded the opinions of the people of his own State, and of some other Southern States, upon all these subjects. Amid all the strifes of party politics, there always existed between him and his politi cal opponents a great degree of personal kindness. He died in Washington City, March 31, 1850, leaving behind him the reputation of one of the greatest and the purest of American statesmen. His col lected writings and speeches were pub lished in six volumes, in 1854-'7, accom panied with a biography. Calhoun, JoJin E. Born in 1749, and graduated at Princeton College in 1774. He afterwards studied law, in which profession he became distinguished. Af ter being for many years in the State Leg islature of South Carolina, he was a Sen ator in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1802. He was a decided republican, and supporter of Mr. Jeffer son. He was one of the Committee who were instructed to report a modification of- the judiciary system of the United States. He died in Pendleton District, Novembers, 1802. Calhoun, Joseph. E.e was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1807 to 1811. Calhoun, William B. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, December 29, 1796; graduated at Yale College in 1814; bred to the law; and was a Representa tive in. Congress, from his native State, from 1835 to 1843. He was also a mem ber of the State Legislature from 1825 to 1835, and Speaker for two years; Presi dent of the State Senate in 1846 and 1847; Secretary of State from 1848 to 1851; Bank Commissioner from 1853 to 1855 ; Presidential Elector in 1844 ; and Mayor of Springfield in 1859. Died in Spring field, Massachusetts, November 8, 1865. Call, Jacob. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 1824: to 1825. Call, Michard K. He was born ia Kentucky; and having taken an interest in military affairs, became Aide-de-camp to General Jackson in 1818, and was pro moted to a Captain soon afterwards, and subsequently was appointed Brigadier- General of the Florida Militia. He was a member of the Legislative Council of Florida in 1822 ; a Delegate to Congress, from that Territory, from 1823 to 1825; Receiver of Public Money from the Land Office; and he held the position of Gov ernor of Florida from 1836 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1844. Died at Talla hassee in September, 1862. Calvert, Charles B. He was born in Prince George County, Maryland, Au gust 24, 1808 ; received his earliest educa tion in Philadelphia, but graduated at the University of Virginia in 1827. His whole life has been devoted, on a large scale, to the pursuits of agriculture. He was for many years President of the Maryland Agricultural Society; also of the Prince George County Society; and Vice-Presi dent of the United States Agricultural Society. He has devoted special atten tion to the I'aising of superior breeds of cattle, every variety of which he has tried on his extensive farms. He was elected to the Legislature of Maryland in 1839, 1843, and 1844 ; and was elected a Repre sentative from Maryland to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the District of Columbia, and on Agriculture. Died at Riverside, Mary land, May 14, 1864. Calvin, Samuel. Born in Washing- touville, Columbia County, Pennsylvania, July 30, 1811. At the age of sixteen, after the death of his father, he was thrown upon his own resources, and be came a school-teacher, with the view of supporting his father's family and obtain ing the means for a classical education ; he accomplished this object; subsequently G8 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOBDS. studied law, and was admitted to the bar iu 1836, and practised in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. In 1848 he was elected a member, from Pennsylvania, of the Thirty- first Congress, and in 1850 declined a re election. Cainbreleng, Churchill C. He was born in Washington, North Carolina, in 1786, and received an academical educa tion at Newbern, in that State. He had a special fondness for Held sports, but did not let them interfere with his duties as a clerk in a Carolina store, where he was engaged for two years. He removed to New York City in 1802, which has since that time been his home, excepting the year 1806, when he was a counting-house clerk in Providence, Khode Island. He engaged at an early day in mercantile pursuits with John Jacob Astor, and travelled extensively over the world. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1839, and offici ated as Chairman of the Committees on Commerce, Ways and Means, and on For eign Affairs. His reports and political pamphlets were at one time very numerous, one of the former, on Commerce and Navigation, having gone through several editions and been republished in London. While travelling in Europe, in 1839, he re ceived the appointment of Minister to Russia, and on his return to the United States he retired to private life. Died at West Neck, Long Island, April 30, 1862. Cameron, Simon. He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, in 1799, and was left an orphan when only nine years of age. He educated himself while pursuing the employment of a printer in newspaper offices at Harrisburg and in Washington City, and when twenty-two years of age edited and published a Demo cratic journal at the former city, having previously had charge of a paper, the "Pennsylvania Intelligencer," at Doyles- town, Pennsylvania. In 1832 he estab lished the Middletown Bank, and devoted much of his attention to the railroad inter ests of his native State, and before enter ing Congress lie was the Cashier of a bank, President of two railroad compa nies, and Adjutant-General of the State. He was first elected a Senator in Congress in 1845, where he served until 1849, and lie was re-elected to the same position in 1857, for the term ending in 1863, but re signed in 1861. He was spoken of in 1860 as one of the candidates for the Presi dency, and in 1861 became Secretary of War under President Lincoln. He re signed that position, and was appointed Minister to Russia in 1862. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 1864, and to the Philadelphia " Loyal ists' Convention" of 1866; and in January, 1867, he was again chosen a Senator in Congress for the term ending iu 1873, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, Military Affairs, and Ordnance, and as Chairman of that on Agriculture. Cambell, Alexander. He was bora in Virginia in 1779 ; was bred a physician ; removed to Kentucky in 1785; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature in 1800; removed to Ohio in 1803; was a member of the Ohio Legislature iu 1806; was a Senator in Congress from that State from 1809 to 1813 ; served as a State Senator from 1813 to 1823; and died at Ripley, Ohio, November 5, 1857. Cambell, BrooJcins. He was born in Washington County, Tennessee, iu 1808 ; was for many years a member of the State Legislature, and In 1845 was unanimously elected Speaker. He was an officer in the Quartermaster's Department in the war with Mexico, and a member of Congress, from Tennessee, from 1853 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington, District of Columbia, De cember 25, 1853. Campbell, George W. He was born in Tennessee, in 1768 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1794; received a good education ; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1809, serving during the last two years of his term as Chairman of the' Committee on Ways and Means ; was Judge of the United States District Court ; was elected Senator of the United States in 1811, but resigned on being appointed Secretary of the Treasury in 1814. He resumed his seat In the Senate the following year, and served till 1818, when he was appointed Minister to Russia, where he remained until 1821. In 1831 he was appointed one of the Commissioners to settle the claims on France. He died at Nashville, Tennes see, February 17, 1848. Campbell, James H. He was born in Williamsport, Lycoming County, Penn sylvania, February 8, 1820 ; graduated at the Carlisle Law School ; was admitted to the bar in 1841 ; was a member in 1844 of the Whig Baltimore Convention ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1855 to 1857, and again from 1859 to 1861, serving on the Com mittee on Elections and as a member of the Special Committee of thirty-three on the rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pa cific Railroad. In 1864 he was appointed by President Lincoln, Minister Resident to Sweden. Campbell, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1811; also Judge of the Or phans' Court in Charles County, where he died June 23, 1828, aged sixty-three years. BIOGBAPHICAL ItECOEDS. 69 Campbell, John. Tie was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1819; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1838, and again from 1837 to 1845. Died at his residence in Marlbor- ough District, South Carolina, May 19, 1845. Campbell, John. lie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 1813. Campbell, John JET. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Campbell, JoJin P. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Campbell, John IF. He was born in Augusta County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1817 to 1827. Died September 24, 1833. Campbell, JLetvis D. Born in Franklin, Warren County, Ohio, August 9, 1811. He received a limited education ; was attached at an early day to the "Cin cinnati Gazette," as printer and assistant editor; subsequently had the entire con trol of another political paper ; and, hav ing studied law, was admitted to practice. He was elected a member of Congress, from Ohio, in 1848, and was re-elected to each successive Congress, down to the Thirty-fifth, when his seat was contested, and the House of Representatives decided against his claim. During the Thirty- third Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. In De cember, 1865, he was appointed by Presi dent Johnson, Minister to Mexico ; but before leaving the country, he attended as a Delegate, the Philadelphia " National Union," and the Cleveland " Soldiers' Convention " of 186G. Campbell, Roberts. He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1809 ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 to 1837. He was subsequently ap pointed, by President Fillmore, American Consul at Havana, Cuba. Campbell, Samuel. He was born in Mansfield, Connecticut, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823, having previously served five years in the Assembly of that State. Campbell, Thomas F.Re was a native of South Carolina, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1834 to 1835. Campbell, Thomas J. He was a native of Tennessee, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and twice Clerk of the House of Representatives, from 1847 to 1850; he was also a Presidential Elector in 1837 and 1841. During the years 1813 and 1814 ho was an Assistant Inspector-General of Militia. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, April 13, 1850. Campbell, Thompson. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 1853. Campbell, William B. He was born in Tennessee; read law at Abingdou and Winchester, Virginia; came to the bar in his native State and was soon af terwards chosen Attorney-General for the Fourth District; was elected to the Ten nessee Legislature in 1835 ; raised a com pany and served as Captain in the Creek and Florida wars of 183G; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1837 to 1843, serving on the Com mittees on Claims, Territories, and Mili tary Affairs. In 1844 he was elected Major-Gencral ofJVIilitia, and was Colonel of the First Regiment of Tennessee Vol unteers in the Mexican war , distinguishing himself at the battles of Monterey and Cerro Gordo. From 1850 to 1853 he was Governor of Tennessee, and in 1857 was chosen, by an unanimous vote of the Legislature, Judge of the Circuit Court of Tennessee. In 1862, without solicita tion on his part, he was appointed by President Lincoln a Brigadier-General in the Union Army, which he soon resigned on account of bad health. At the close of the war, in 1865, he was re-elected a Representative to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the close of the first session of that Congress, and during the second session he was placed on the Committee on the New Orleans Riots. Died in Leba non, Tennessee, August 19, 1867. Campbell, William W. Born in Cherry Valley, New York, June 10, 180G ; graduated at Union College in 1827, and studied law with Judge Kent, of New York, and in 1831 he commenced the prac tice of his profession in that city, having previously written and published a histo ry of the Border War of New York. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847, and then spent a year in Europe. On his return he was appointed a Justice of the Superior Court of New York City, and served seven years, and was subsequently elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. 70 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Caiiby, Richard S. He was born In Ohio, and was a Kepresentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Cannon, Newton. He was born in Guilford County, North Carolina, and was a Kepresentative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1814 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823, and was also appointed by President Monroe, in 1819, one of two Commissioners to treat with the Chicka- saws. He was also Governor of Tennes see from 1835 to 1839. Died September 29, 1842. Cantine, John. He was elected a Kepresentative from New York to the Eighth Congress, but resigned soon after taking his seat, and Josiah Hasbrouck was elected in his place. Caperton, Hugh. lie was born in Virginia in 1780; was a farmer by occupa tion ; a member, for many years, of the State Legislature ; and a Representative in Congress, from the Greenbrier region of Virginia, from 1813 to 1815. He died in Monroe County, Virginia, February 9, 1847. Carey, George. He was a native of Charles County, Maryland, but removed to Georgia, and died in Upson County in 1844. He was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1823 to 1827. Carey, Jeremiah E. Born in Cov entry, Rhode Island, April 30, 1803 ; com menced active life in the State of New York, by working on a farm and in the tannery of an uncle ; he received a good common-school education, which he paid for by his own exertions as a teacher ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was elected to Congress, from Cherry Valley County, in 1842, and, after his term as a Representative, removed to the City of New York, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his pro fession, and holding many important local offices connected with the cause of educa tion. Carey, John. Born in Monongahela County, Virginia, April 5, 1792; removed with his parents to the North-west Terri tory in 1798 ; from that period until 1812 lie labored with his father in the tanning business ; in 1814 he assisted in building the first stone house in Columbus ; after which he devoted himself to the various employments of carpentering, milling in its various branches, and farming; in 1825 lie was elected an Associate Judge, which office he held for seven j'cars-; he was elected -to the Ohio Legislature in 1828, 1830, and 1843 ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture. Carlile, John S. Born in Winches ter, Frederick County, Virginia, Decem ber 16, 1817. He was educated by his mother until fourteen years of age, and then went into a country store as sales man and clerk, and at the age of seventeen commenced business for himself. At the the same time he read law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1840, and settled in Beverly, Randolph County, in 1842, to practice. He was elected to the State Senate in 1847, and served till 1851. In 1850 he was a member of the Constitu tional Convention of Virginia, and in 1855 was elected a Representative in Con gress, serving one term. In 1861 he was elected a Representative from Virginia to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was soon afterwards transferred to the Sen ate, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and Territories. His term expired in 1865. Carlton, Peter. He was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Hamp shire, from 1807 to 1809. Carmichael, KicJtard B. Was a native of Maryland ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1828, and studied law ; was a Representative from Maryland in the Twenty-third Congress; was President of the courts of Queen Anne's County, Maryland, in 1861. Carmichael, William,. Was a native of Maryland. In 1776 he aided Mr. Deane, the American Minister at Paris, in his correspondence; went to Berlin to communicate to the King of Prussia intelligence concerning American commerce, and assisted the American Commissioners in Paris. He was a Del egate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780; was Secretary of Legation during Mr. Jay's mission to Spain, and re mained as Charge d'Atfaires after Mr. Jay left in 1782, and, receiving a commission in 1790, retained the office for about fif teen years. In 1792 he was authorized, jointly with William Short, to negotiate with Spain concerning the navigation of the Mississippi River. He died in 1795. Carnes, Thomas P. He was born and educated in Maryland, studied law, and settled in Georgia. He was there successively Solicitor-General, Attorney- General, and Judge of the Supreme Court, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1793 to 1795. He died at Milledgeville, May 8, 1822. Carpenter, Davis. He was born in Walpole, Cheshire County, New Hamp shire, December 25, 1799; received an BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 71 academical education; studied medicine, and took the degree of M.D. at Middle- bury College, Vermont, in 1824. He re moved to the State of New York in 1825, and there attained the position of Colonel of a rifle corps, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855, in place of A. Boody, resigned. He was subsequently devoted to his pro fession and to surveying. Carpenter, Levi D. He was a Rep resentative iu Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845, in the place of Samuel Beardsley, resigned. Carr, Francis. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1806 to 1811, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813. Died in October, 1821, aged six ty-nine years. Carr, James. He served three years in the Massachusetts Legislature from Bangor, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. Carr, JoJin. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841, and died in Clarke County, Indiana, January 20, 1845. Carrington, Edward. He was born in Virginia, February 11, 1749; was an efficient officer during the Revolution ; was for some time Quartermaster-General of the Army under General Greene, in the South, and greatly contributed to the ad vantage gained over the enemy. He was afterwards attached to the Army of the North, but previously to the evacuation of Charleston resumed his former station. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1785 to 1786 ; was foreman of the jury which tried Aaron Burr for treason. He died October 28, 1810. Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton. He was born in Annapolis, Maryland, on the 20th of September, 1737 ; was de scended from a respectable Irish family ; was of the Roman Catholic religion, and inherited a very large estate. He was sent at an early age to St. Omer to be educated, and afterwards removed to Rheims. After having studied civil law iu France, he went to London and pursued the study of common law at the Temple, and returned to America at the age of twenty-seven. He soon became known as an advocate for liberty, and was one of the ablest political writers of Maryland. In 1776 lie was elected a Delegate to the old Congress, and subscribed his name to the Declaration of Independence, and at the time of his death was the last surviv ing signer of that document. In 1778 he left Congress, and devoted himself to the councils of his native State ; in 1789 he was elected a Senator to the new Congress ; and in 1810 he quitted public life, and passed the remainder of his days in tran quillity, beloved and revered by his friends and neighbors, and honored by his coun try. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac ; was ever considered a model of regularity in conduct and sedateness iu j udgment ; and died in Baltimore, Novem- ber 14, 1832. Carroll, Charles H. He was born in Maryland; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1847 ; a member of the Assembly of the State in 1836; and a State Senator in 1837. He was a lawyer by education, but, instead of practising, devoted his whole time to managing a large estate in the Genesee country. Died in Groveland, Liv ingston County, New York, in 1865, aged seventy-one years. Carroll, Daniel. -He was a Dele gate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1780 to 1784; signed the Articles of Confederation, and also the Constitution ; a Representative in Con gress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1791, and was that year appointed Commission er for Surveying the District of Columbia. He was also one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Carroll, JTames. He was born in Maryland, and was a RepresentativAin Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Carson, Samuel J?. Born at Pleas ant Garden, Burke County, North Caroli na. He was for several years a member of the State Legislature, and a Represent ative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1825 to 1833. He killed Doctor Rob ert B. Vance in a duel in 1827 ; and at the close of his services in Congress removed to Arkansas, where he died in November, 1840. Carter, John. Born on Black River, Su inter District. South Carolina, September 10, 1792; and graduated at South Carolina College, Columbia. He was a lawyer by profession ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Car olina, from 1822 to 1829, when he declined a re-election. His residence was Cam- den, but he removed to Georgetown, Dis trict of Columbia, in 1836, where he remained until his death, which occurred June 20, 1850. Carter, Luther C. Born in Bethel, Oxford County, Maine, February 25, 1805 ; 72 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. received an academic education ; settled in New York City, and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits with success ; was a member for some years of the Board of Education in that city ; and, having retired from business, he settled on a farm on Long Island ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Carter, Timothy J~. He was edu cated for the legal profession ; was Secre tary of the Maine Senate in 1833 ; County Attorney from 1833 to 1837; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to the date of his death, which occurred at Washington, March 14, 1838. Carter, William B. Born in Ten nessee in 1812; was a member of the House and Senate in the State Legislature ; President of the Constitutional Conven tion ; and from 1835 to 1841 a Representa tive in Congress from his native State. Ho died in Carter County, Tennessee, April 17, 1848. Cartter, David K.Kc was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1853. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Bolivia, and subse quently a Judge of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia. Caruthers, Robert L. Was born in Smith County, Tennessee, July 31. 1800 ; obtained the rudiments of an English ed ucation by his own unaided exertions ; fr?>m 1816 to 1818 he was clerk in a store ; subsequently improved his education at Woodward- Academy and Greenville Col lege ; studied law and carne to the bar in 1823; served one year as Clerk in the Legislature of Tennessee. Returning to his native county, was appointed Clerk of the Chancery Court there; edited a paper for one year; settled in Wilson County in 1826, and was soon afterwards elected State Attorney, holding the office live years ; in 1834 he was elected a Brig adier-General of Militia; was a member of the Tennessee Legislature in 1835; Avas a Presidential Elector in 1845, declin ing to run for Governor; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1841 to 1843, declining a re-election ; in 1852 was called to a seat on the Su preme Bench of Tennessee, holding the position many years ; and was a Delegate to the Peace Convention of 1861. Caruthers, Samtiel.Rorn in Madi son County, Missouri, October 13, 1820; was educated at Clinton College, Tennes see ; was a lawyer by profession ; and was elected a member of the House of Repre sentatives in Congress, from Missouri, from 1853 to 1859 ; and died at Cape Girar- deau, Missouri, July 20, 1860. Cary, George B. A member of Con gress from the Petersburg District, Vir ginia, in 1842 and 1843. He died in South ampton County, Virginia, March 5, 1850. Cary, Samuel F. Born in Cincin nati Ohio, February 18, 1814; spent his early life on a farm ; graduated at the Miami University in 1835, and at the Cin cinnati Law School in 1837 ; practised law until 1845, when he retired to a farm ; was a warm advocate for many years of the cause of Temperance ; and was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Education and Labor, and Weights arid Measures. He was the only member of his party who voted against the Impeach ment of President Andrew Johnson. Cary, Shepard. He was a mer chant and farmer; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1832, 1833, from 1839 to 1842, in 1843, and from 1848 to 1854. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1844 to 1845, and served as a member of the Committee on Claims. In 1836 he was a Presidential Elector. Died, in Maine, in August, 1866. Case, Charles. Born at Austinburg, Ashtabula County, Ohio, December 21, 1817 ; a lawyer by profession, and a Rep resentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from Indiana. He was a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Ter ritories. Case, Walter. He was born in Duchess County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Casey, Joseph. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1851. In 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims. Casey, Levi. He was a Representa tive in 'Congress, from South Carolina, from 1803 to 1807. Died February 1, 1807. Casey, Samuel L. He was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was subse quently appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to look after certain na tional interests in the South-western States. Casey, Zadoc. He was born in Georgia, and, on removing to Illinois, was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 73 a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1843, and also held the office of Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and was a member of one of the State Constitutional Conventions. Died at Ca sey ville, Illinois, in 1862, aged sixty-six years. CasJeie, John S. He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from his native State, from 1851 to 1855, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. Cass, Lewis. Born in Exeter, New Hampshire, October 9, 1782. Having re ceived a limited education at his native place, at the early age of seventeen he crossed the Alleghany Mountains on foot, to seek a home in the " Great West," then an almost unexplored wilderness. Settled at Marietta, Ohio ; he studied law, and was successful. Elected at twenty-five to the Legislature of Ohio, he originated the bill which arrested the proceedings of Aaron Burr, and, as stated by Mr. Jeffer son, was the first blow given to what is known as Burr's conspiracy. In 1807 he was appointed, by Mr. Jefferson, Marshal of the State, and held the office till the latter part of 1811; when he volunteered to repel Indian aggressions on the frontier. He was elected Colonel of the Third Regi ment of Ohio Volunteers, and entered the military service of the United States at the commencement of the war of 1812. Having by a difficult march reached De troit, he urged the immediate invasion of Canada, and was the author of the proc lamation of that event. He was the first to land in arms on the enemy's shore, and, with a small detachment of troops, fought and won the first battle, that of the Tarontoe. At the subsequent capitulation of Detroit he was absent, on important service, and regretted that his command and himself had been included in that capitulation. Liberated on parole, he re paired to the seat of government to report the causes of the disaster and the failure of the campaign. He was immediately ap pointed a Colonel in the regular army, and, soon after, promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General; having, in the mean time, been elected Major-General of the Ohio Volunteers. On being exchanged and released from parole, he again re paired to the frontier, and joined the army for the recovery of Michigan. Being at that time without a command, he served and distinguished himself, as a volunteer aide-de-camp to General Harrison, at the battle of the Thames. He was appointed, by President Madison, in October, 1813, Governor of Michigan. His position com bined, with the ordinary duties of chief magistrate of a civilized community, the immediate management and control, as superintendent, of the relations with the numerous and powerful Indian tribes in that region of country. He conducted with success the affairs of the Territory under embarrassing circumstances. Under his sway peace was preserved between the whites and the treacherous and disaffected Indians, law and" order established, and the Territory rapidly advanced in popula tion, resources, and prosperity. He held this position till July, 1831, when he was, by President Jackson, maete Secretary of War. In the latter part of 1836 President Jackson appointed him Minister to France, where he remained until 1842, when he requested his recall, and returned to this country. In January, 1845, he was elected, by the Legislature of Michigan, to the Senate of the United States ; which place he resigned on his nomination, in May, 1848, as a candidate for the Presidency by the political party to which he belonged. After the election of his opponent (General Taylor) to that office, the Legislature of his State, in 1849, re-elected him to the Senate for the unexpired portion of his original term of six years. When Mr. Buchanan became President, he invited General Cass to the head of the Department of State, which position he resigned in December, 1860. He devoted some attention to literary pursuits, and his writings, speeches, and State papers would make several volumes ; among which is one entitled " France, its King, Court, and Government," published in 1840. He died in Detroit, June 17, 1866. Cassedy, George. He was born in Bergen County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1821 to 1827, and died in Hackensack, New Jersey, December 31, 1842, aged fifty-eight years. Casivell, Richard. Born in Mary land, August 3, 1729 ; emigrated to North Carolina in 1746, where, for some years, he was employed in the public offices, and afterwards studied and practised law with success. From 1754 to 1771 he was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and for the last two years was Speaker of the House of Delegates. He commanded the right wing of Tryon's forces at the battle of Allamance, in 1771. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776. In 1775 he was President of the Provincial Congress which framed the Constitution of the State, and he was elected first Governor of North Carolina under it, holding that office till 1779. In 1780 he led the North Carolina troops in the battle of Camclen. In 1782 he was Speaker of the Senate, and Comptroller- General, performing the duties of both offices till 1784, when he was again elected Governor, and held that position till he became ineligible by the laws of the State. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Conven tion for framing the Federal Constitution. In 1789 was elected State Senator, and 74 BIOGKAPHICAL EECOEDS. was a member of the Convention which ratified the Constitution. He was also Speaker of the Senate, and, whilst pre siding over that body, November 5, 1789, he was struck with paralysis, which proved fatal in ten days. CatJtcart, Charles IF. He was born in the Island of Madeira in 1809; went to sea^in early life and studied mechanics ; removed to Indiana in 1831 ; was for several years a United States Surveyor; served in the State Legisla ture ; was a Presidential Elector in 1845 ; was elected a representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1845 to 1849, and was a Senator in Congress, from 1852 to 1853, by appointment. Of late years he has been devoted to farming. Catlin, George S. Born in liar- wington, Litchfleld County, Connecticut, in 1809; received a common-school and academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. He was also a number of years in the State Legislature, State Attorney, and Judge of the Windham County Court. He died in December, 1851. Cnttell, Alexander G. He was born in Salem, New Jersey, February 12, 1816; was educated at the village school; spent a part of his' youth as a Clerk in his father's store ; was elected in 1840 to the State Legislature; from 1842 to 1844 he was Clerk of the General Assembly ; and in the latter year he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention. In 1846 he settled in Philadelphia as a merchant; became a Director in the Mechanics Bank ; and was elected to the city Councils from 1850 to 1854. In 1855 he returned to New Jersey, but continued his business in Phil adelphia ; was one of the early Presidents of the Corn Exchange association of that city; in 1858 he organized the Corn Ex change Bank and was president of the same ; and in 1866 he was elected a Sena tor in Congress from New Jersey, for the term ending in 1871, in the place of J. P. Stockton, unseated by the Senate, serving on the Committees on Finance, and Agri culture, and Public Lands. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Causin, John M. . He was born in Maryland ; was a lawyer by profession ; served several terms in the Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1843 to 1845 ; and in 1849 a Presidential Elector. Died at Cairo, Illinois, January 30, 1861. CavanaugJi, James M. He was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from Minnesota. He was a lawyer by profession, and, after leaving Congress, settled in the Territory of Colorado, and, subsequently removing to Montana, he was elected a Delegate from that Territory to the Fortieth Congress. Chaffee, Calvin C. Born in Sara toga, New York, August 28, 1811. lie early devoted himself to the study of medicine ; graduated at Micldlebury College, Ver mont; and on becoming a citizen of Mas sachusetts, he was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. In 1859 he was ap pointed Librarian of the House of Repre sentatives, which office he held until 1861, when he was succeeded by the compiler of this volume. Chalmers, Joseph IF. He was a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1845 to 1847. Chamberlain, Ebenezer M.Ro was born in Maine, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Indiana, from 1853 to 1855. Chamberlain, Jacob JR. He was born in Massachusetts, and was a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Agriculture. Chamberlain, John C.Ile gradu ated at Harvard University in 1793 ; prac tised law at Alstead, New Hampshire ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1811. He died at Utica, New York, December 8, 1834, aged sixty-two years. Chamberlain, William. He was a Presidential Elector in 1801, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1809 to 1811. He was a State Councillor from 1796 to 1803; served five years in the State Legislature ; was Lieutenant-Governor of Vermont from 1813 to 1815; and Chief Justice of a State Court from 1801 to 1803, and in 1814. Chambers, David. He was born in Allentown, Northampton County, Penn sylvania, in 1780. He was educated by his father, who was a school-teacher; and in 1794 was employed as a confidential express to carry despatches from General Henry Lee to President Washington dur ing the Whiskey Insurrection ; in 1796 he was placed in the office of the "Aurora" newspaper to learn the printer's trade; and, after spending the sixteen subsequent years on a farm in Virginia, he removed to Zanesville, Ohio, where he conducted a newspaper, and was elected State printer. When the seat of government was re moved to Columbus, he was appointed BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 75 Secretary of the Senate ; during the years 1812 and 1813 he was Aide-de-camp to Gen eral Cass ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1821 to 1823. He subsequently served a number of years in the State Legislature of Ohio; was Speaker in 1844, and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1851 ; having also been elected Mayor of Zanesville, Re corder, and Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas. Of late years he has been wholly devoted to agricultural pursuits. Died at Zanesville, Ohio, August 8, 18G4. Chambers, EzeMel F. Born in Kent County, Maryland, February 28, 1788 ; graduated at Washington College when seventeen years of age ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808 ; he per formed some military service in 1812, and subsequently attained the rank of Briga dier-General; in 1822 he was elected to the State Senate against his will; he took an active part, in 1825, in arranging a system of legislation for the recovery of slaves; he was a Senator in Congress, from Mary land, from 1S26 to 1834; serving as Chair man of the Committee on the District of Columbia ; in 1834 he was appointed Chief Judge of the Second Judicial District, and a Judge of the Court of Appeals, which offices he held until 1851, when the Judi ciary became elective; having been in 1850 an active member of the Convention which changed the State Constitution. He was offered, in 1852, by President Fillmore, the post of Secretary of the Navy, in the place of Secretary Graham, who resigned, but his health compelled him to decline the honor. In 1833 Yale College conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1852 he received the same honor from the Delaware College. He died in Chestertown, Maryland, January 30, 1867. Chambers, George. Born in Cham- bersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1786; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1804 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1807, and practised extensively in the Franklin County Courts. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 1837, and was then elected a Delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitutional Con vention. In 1851 he was appointed by the Governor, with the unanimous consent of the Senate, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he held until the expiration of its tenure under the Consti tution. Since that time he has lived in retirement, discharging many trusts and offices in promotion of religion and educa tion, in the town of his birth, which bears his father's name. Died in March, 1866. Chambers, Henry. He was a Sena tor in Congress, from 1825 to 1826, from Alabama, and died January 25, 1826. Chambers, John. Born in New Jer sey in 1779 ; emigrated to Kentucky when thirteen years of age ; studied law, and practised the profession with success ; was an Aide-de-camp to General Harrison at the battle of the Thames ; was appointed Governor of the Territory of Iowa by Pres ident Harrison, manifesting great ability and prudence in his intercourse with the Indians ; and by President Taylor he was appointed a Commissioner to make a trea ty with the Sioux Indians. He was a mem ber of Congress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1835 to 1839. He died near Paris, Kentucky, September 21, 1852. Champion, Epaphroditus. He was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1807 to 1817; a man greatly respected for his public and private character ; and died at East Haddam, Con necticut, November 22, 1835, aged seventy- eight years. Champlin, Christopher G. llQ was a native of Newport, Rhode Island; graduated at Harvard University in 1786; was a member of Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1797 to 1801, and a Senator of the United States from 1809 to 1811. At the time of his death, which occurred March 18, 1840, in the seventy-fourth year of his age, he was President of the Rhode Island Bank. Chandler, John. Was a native of Maine when a part of Massachusetts, rep resenting it in the State Senate, from 1803 to 1805, and in Congress from 1805 to 1808, and for three years was Sheriff of Kenue- beck County. In 1812 he was appointed Brigadier-General, and took an active part in the Canadian campaign, having his horse shot under him at the battle of Stony Creek, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1820, being one of the first two Senators from Maine after its separation from Massachusetts, serving two terms, until 1829. In 1829 he was ap pointed Collector of the port of Portland, serving until 1837 ; and he died at Augusta, September, 1841. Chandler, Joseph JR. He was born in Kingston, Plymouth County, Massachu setts, in 1792 ; was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of law; edited for many years a newspaper in Philadelphia, entitled the " United States Gazette ; " was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1849 to 1855 ; and in 1858 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Naples. After his return he became editor of the Philadelphia "North American." In 1821 he published a " Gram mar of the English Language," and subse quently a large number of Essays and Ad dresses on subjects connected with Social Life and Literature. 76 B10GEAPHICAL KECORDS. Chandler, Thomas. He was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, August 10, 1772; received a common-school educa tion ; was a farmer by occupation ; and had a fondness for sacred music, which he taught to a limited extent among his neigh bors. He was a Justice of the Quorum in 1808; a Captain of Militia in 1815; was a member of the New Hampshire Legisla ture in 1827 ; and a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1829 to 1833. Died in Bedford, January 28, 1866. His brother, John Chandler, was also in Congress, and he was the uncle of the Sen ator, Zachariah Chandler. Chandler, ZachariaJi. Born in Bedford, New Hampshire, December 10, 1813; received an academical education: was bred a merchant ; was Mayor of De troit, Michigan, in 1851; defeated candi date for Governor of Michigan in 1852; and a Senator in Congress, from Michigan, having succeeded Senator Cass in that ca pacity, and taking his seat in the Thirty- flfth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia, and Chairman of the Committee on Com merce. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 1869, serv ing on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on Mines and Mining, and again as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. He was a member of the Na tional Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illi nois ; also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Chanei/, John. He was born in Ma ryland, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1839. Chanler, John WintJirop.Bomiu the City of New York in 1826 ; was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1859 and 1860, and declined a re-nomination ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on the Bankrupt Law, on Patents, and Southern Railroads. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and was placed on the Committees on Elec tions, Southern Railroads, and Patents. Chapin, Graham H. He was born in Connecticut ; graduated at Yale College in 1817 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837, and died in 1843. Chapman, Augustus A. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Chapman, Bird B. He was born in Connecticut, and, on removing to Nebras ka, was elected a Delegate, from that Ter ritory, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. CJiapman, Charles. Born at New- town, Fairfield County, Connecticut, June 21, 1799 ; received a classical education ; was a lawyer by profession; was three times a member of the House of Represent atives of the State; he was United States Attorney during the Administration of President Tyler, and a Representative in the Thirty-second Congress, from Connect icut. Chapman, Henry. Born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, about the year 1805 ; received a good education, and read law under the competent direction of his father ; admitted to the bar about 1826 ; was a member of the State Senate for three years, from January, 1843 ; President Judge of the Fifteenth Judicial District of Penn sylvania for some years after leaving the Senate ; was a Representative in the Thir ty-fifth Congress, from Pennsylvania; and elected President Judge of the Seventh Judicial District of Pennsylvania in 1861. CJiapman, John. ile was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797 to 1799. Chapman, John G. He was born in Charles County, Maryland, July 5, 1798, and died December 10, 1856. He laid the foundation of his education at Yale Col lege, which he left during his senior term, on account of his health, and afterwards refused a diploma which was tendered to him by the faculty. He studied law with William Wart, and, after practicing for some time, turned his attention to politics, and between the years 1824 and 1844 he was almost constantly in the Legislature of Maryland. In 1845 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and again re- elected in 1847, serving on important Committees, and doing much good for his constituents and the public at large. He was chosen President of the Convention which framed the present Constitution of Maryland ; and his last public act was to preside as Chairman of the National Whig Convention, which met in Baltimore, in 1856, to nominate Millard Fillmore for the Presidency. He was an eloquent speaker, filled all his public trusts with fidelity, and died lamented by a large number of warm personal friends. Chapman, Reuben. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1835 to 1848 ; also Governor of that State from 1847 to 1849. Chapman, WilliamW. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Iowa, from 1839 to 1841. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 77 Chappell, Absalom H. He was born in Georgia, and was Representa tive, from that State, to the Twenty-eighth Congress. Chappell, John J~. Born in Fair- field District, South Carolina, January 19, 1782 ; received a common-school educa tion ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1804 ; was a Solicitor of Equity, Colonel of Militia, a Trustee of the State College in 1809, and a Bank Director; and a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1813 to 1817. Charlton, Robert M. He was born in Savannah, Georgia, January 19, 1807; was liberally educated; studied law and came to the bar before attaining his ma jority; served in the State Legislature; became United States District Attorney ; and in his twenty-seventh year was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Eastern Georgia. He was a poet, and published a volume of poems in 1839 ; and also published a prose work entitled "Leaves from the Portfolio of a Georgia Lawyer," as well as a variety of Historical and other Lectures and Literary Address es. His service in Congress was as a Senator from Georgia, by appointment, during a part of the years 1852 and 1853. He died at Savannah, January 8, 1854. Chase, Dudley. Was born in Cor nish, Sullivan County, New Hampshire. December 30, 1771. H,e received an academic education, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1791. Having been admitted to the bar, he commenced prac tice in Vermont, and, from 1803 to 1811, he was State's Attorney for Orange County. He was a member of the Constitutional Conventions of 1814 and 1822. He was a Representative, from Randolph, to the Legislature of Vermont, in 1805, and the seven succeeding years, during five of which he was Speaker of the House of Representatives, and was again elected Representative, from the same town, in 1823 and 1824. He was elected United States Senator from Vermont, from 1813 to 1819, but ha resigned his seat in 1817. He was chosen Chief Justice of the Su preme Court of Vermont in 1817, holding the same office, by annual re-elections, until 1821. He then returned to his pro fession of the law for a few years, and in 1824 he was again chosen United States Senator, from 1825 to 1831, inclusive, when he retired wholly from public life, and de voted his attention to farming and garden ing, of which he was excessively fond. He was a brother of the late Philander Chase, Bishop of Illinois ; and died at Randolph, Vermont, February 23, 1846. Chase, George W. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Chase, tTeremiaJi T. He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1783 to 1784. Chase, Lucien B. He was born in Vermont, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1849. He was the author of a work enti tled " History of President Polk's Admin istration." Died in December, 18G4, aged forty- seven years. Chase, Salmon P. He was born in Cornish, New Hampshire, January 13, 1808. His education began at home, and was continued at the schools and acade mies of New Hampshire and Central Ohio, and completed at the Cincinnati College, and at Dartmouth, in New Hampshire, graduating in 1826. He studied law, iu Washington City, with William Wirt, and practised his profession in Cincinnati, Ohio, for many years. His first public po sition was that of School Examiner, in Cincinnati, in 1839 ; in 1840 he was a City Councilman; in 1845 he projected what was called a Liberty Convention; was a member of the Free-soil Convention held at Buffalo in 1848 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1855; and elected Governor of Ohio, in 1855, and re-elected in 1857. In 1860 he was again chosen a Senator in Congress ; but on the day after he took his seat he was appoint ed Secretary of the Treasury in President Lincoln's Cabinet, but resigned in Septem ber, 1864. It was while the country was passing through the trials of the Rebel liou that the National Finances were success fully carried through under his adminis tration. He was a member, also, of the Peace Congress of 1861. On the 6th of December, 1864, he was appointed by President Lincoln Chief Justice of the Su preme Court of the United States, to suc ceed R. B. Taney. By virtue of his posi tion as Chief Justice he presided over the Senate while acting as a Court of Im peachment, during the trial of President Andrew Johnson, in 1868. Chase, Samuel. Born in Somerset County, Maryland, April 17, 1741 ; re ceived a good education, and came to the bar in his twenty-second year, settling at Annapolis ; lie wns one of the " Sons of Liberty ; " was sent by Maryland as a Delegate to the Continental Congress, where he served from 1774 to 1778, and in 1784 and 1785 ; was a signer of the Decla ration of Independence; and he it was who proclaimed on the floor of Congress that they had a Judas among them, in the person of J. J. Zubly, of Georgia, and also made a severe demonstration against the 78 BIOGBAPHICAL RECOBDS. Society of Friends for alleged disloyalty. In 1786 he settled in Baltimore, and in 1788 was appointed Chief Justice of the Criminal Court, and was a member of the Convention that ratified the Federal Con stitution. In 1796 he was appointed by Washington an associate on the Supreme Bench ; in 1804, at the instigation of John Eandolph, lie was impeached, and having been arraigned in 1803, after a long trial, his alleged improper conduct on the bench was approved. Died June 19, 1811. He was a man of high character and rare benevolence, and it was to him that Wil liam Pinkney was indebted for his educa tion and subsequent success in life. Chase, Samuel. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829. CJiastain, Edward W, He was born in South Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1851 to 1855. Chavez, J~. Francisco, He was born in Padillas, Bernalillo County, New Mexico, June 27, 1833 ; received a liberal education at St. Louis, Missouri; studied medicine at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York; and was devoted for several years to mercantile pursuits, and to the raising of cattle for the Califor nia market. In 1861 he entered the mili tary service of the United States, and was appointed Major of the First Regiment of Infantry raised in New Mexico, and, after participating in several battles and seeing much active service on the frontier, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel, and was mustered out at his own request in 1804 ; and in 1805 he was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Thir ty-ninth Congress. Cheatham, Richard. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1837 to 1839. Died in Sep tember, 1845. Chestnut, Jr. James. Born near Camden, South Carolina, in 1815 ; gradu ated at Princeton College; from 1842 to 1852 was a member of the State Legisla ture ; from 1854 to 1858 he was a member of the State Senate ; he was appointed to a seat in the United States Senate, taking the same during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was subse quently elected to that position, but was expelled July 11, 1861. He became iden tified with t'.ie Rebellion of 1861, as a mem ber of the so-called Confederate Congress. CJietivood, William. Born in New Jersey in 1769 ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1792, and admitted to the bar in 1798. During the Whiskey Insur rection he attended Major-General Lee as Aide-de-camp ; at one time served in the State Council of New Jersey, and was elected to Congress, from that State, to fill a vacancy during the administration of President Jackson. He was an able lawyer, practised his profession until his seventieth year, and died December 18, 1857. Cheyes, Langdon. He was born in Abbeville District, South Carolina, Sep tember 17. 1776 ; was admitted to the bar in 1801 ; elected to the State Legislature in 1808 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1809 ; and afterwards Attorney-General of the State. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1811 to 1816, and was Speaker during the second session of the Thirteenth Con gress. He was also a Commissioner of Claims under the Treaty of Ghent; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, from 1816 to 1819, and for a time President of the United States Bank. Resigning this trust, he returned to Carolina, and with drew from public life. He died June 26, 1857. Chilcott, G. M. Born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, January 2, 1828 ; in 1844 removed with his father to Iowa; studied medicine, but did not practise the profession. In 1852 he was chosen Sher iff of Jefferson County; emigrated to Ne braska Territory in 1856; during the latter part of that year he was elected to the Territorial Legislature; in 1859 he settled in Colorado, and in 18(51 was elected to the Legislature of that Terri tory ; in 1862 he was admitted to the bar of the same ; in 1863 he was appointed by President Lincoln a Register of the Land Office, serving four years ; in 1865 he was elected to Congress as a Representative under the State organization, but not ad mitted ; and in 1806 he was elected a Del egate from Colorado to the Fortieth Con gress. In 1866 he was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States. CJiilds, Jr. Thomas. He was born in New York, and was a Representa tive, from that State, during the Thirty- fourth Congress. Childs, Timothy. He was born in Massachusetts ; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1828 and 1833 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831, from 1835 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at Santa Cruz, in November, 1847. Chilton, Samuel. He was born in Virginia in 1804, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. After receiving a good edu cation, he studied and adopted the profes- BIOGEAPHICAL KECOEDS. 79 sion of law ; filled various offices of trust and honor, and after retiring from Con gress was a member of the State Constitu tional Convention. Died at his residence in Fauquier County, Virginia, January 14, 1867. Chilton, TJiomas.B.e was a na tive of Kentucky, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1831, and for a second term from 1833 to 1835. Chinn, Joseph W. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1831 to 1835, and died at Richmond, December 5, 1840. Chinn, Thomas IF. He was born in Kentucky, and, removing to Louisiana, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Chipman, Daniel. Born in 1765, in Salisbury, Connecticut; graduated at Dartmouth in 1788 ; was a lawyer by pro fession, and practised at Ripton, Vermont. He was for many years in the Legislature, and was frequently Speaker of the House of Representatives of his State, and a member of the last State Constitutional Convention ; he was the first reporter of the decisions of the Supreme Court, and author of an able work on "Law Contracts for the Sale of Specific Articles," which is highly esteemed by the profession. He was a member of Congress from 1814 to 1817, and died in Ripton, April 23, 1850. Chipman, John 8. He was born in Vermont, graduated at Middlebury Col lege in 1823, and was a Representative in Congress, from Michigan, from 1845 to 1847. Chipman, Nathaniel. Born in Salisbury, Connecticut, November 15, 1752 ; graduated at Yale College in 1777 ; and settled as a lawyer in Tinmouth, Ver mont; and was Professor ol Law for twenty-eight years in Middlebury College. In 1786 he was elected a Judge of the Su preme Court; in 1789 he was chosen Chief Justice ; and in 1791 was appointed Judge of the United States District Couit. He was subsequently again elected Chief Jus tice, and from 1797 to 1803 he was a mem ber of the United States Senate, from Vermont. In 1793 he published " Sketches of the Principles of Government," and " Reports and Dissertations." He died at Tinmouth, February 15, 1843. Chittenden, Martin. He was born in 1769, in Salisbury, Connecticut. He was a member of Congress, from Ver mont, from 1803 to 1813, and Governor of Vermont in 1813 and 1814. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1789, and died 1840. Chittenden, T. C. He was born in Massachusetts, and having removed to New York, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Twenty-seventh Congress. Choate, Mufiis. Was born at Ip swich, Massachusetts, October!, 1799. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1819, and was afterwards chosen a tutor in that institution, but having selected the law for his profession, he entered the Law School at Cambridge, and after spending a few months there went to Washington and studied with William Wirt. He complet ed his legal studies at an office in Salem, and commenced the practice of his pro fession in the town of Danvers in 1824. In 1825 he was elected a Representative to the Massachusetts Legislature, and iu 1827 he was in the Senate of the same State. He took a prominent part in the debates, and won much reputation by his energy and sagacity. In 1832 he was elected a member of Congress from the Essex District, but declined a re-election in 1834, and removed to Boston, to devote himself to his profession. Here he took an eminent position at the bar, and soon came into an extensive practice. In 1841, on the retirement of Mr. Webster from the Senate, Mr. Choate was elected to fill the vacancy, and at the close of his term he gave himself up wholly to his profes sion. He was a Regent of the Smithso nian Institution, but resigned the position. He was greatly distinguished for his elo quence, but his style of speaking was peculiar ; his judgment in the management of cases was considered, consummate. His published orations and arguments are quite numerous, and all of a high or der. From Yale College he received the degree of LL.D. He died at Halifax, Nova Scotia, while on his way to Europe for his health, July 12, 1859. His life and writings were published by Dr. S. G. Brown, and another life by E. G. Parker. Chrisman, James S. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representa tive in Congress from that State from 1853 to 1855. Christie, Gabriel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 1797, and from 1799 to 1801. Christie Henry. Re was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1809 to 1811. Churchill, John Charles. Re was born in Mooers, Clinton County, New York, January 17, 1821 ; graduated at Mid dlebury College, Vermont, in 1843 ; adopt ed the profession of law; from 1857 to 1859 he was the District Attorney for Os- wego county ; was County Judge of the same county from 1860 to 1863, and in 80 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOBDS. 1866 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Judiciary. Churchwell, William M. He was bora in Tennessee, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1852 to 1855. Cilley, Bradbury. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1813 to 1817. Cilley, Jonathan. He was born in Nottingham, New Hampshire, July 2, 1802; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1825 ; adopted the profession of law, and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; was at one time Speaker of the House of Representa tives of Maine, of which he was a mem ber from 1832 to 1837 ; a Presidential Elec tor in 1832 ; and a member of Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to the time of his death. He was killed, at the third fire, at a duel fought with William J. Graves, at 'Bladensburg, Maryland, February 24, 1838, with rifles, at eighty yards' distance. Cilley, Joseph. He was born in New Hampshire, and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1846 to 1847. Claggett, Clifton. KQ was born in Ilockingham County, New Hampshire; was Judge of Probate of Hillsborough County from 1823 to 1827 ; Judge of the Superior Court one or two years ; was a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1817 to 1821 ; and died in 1829, aged fifty- six years. Claiborne, John. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1805 to 1808. Died during the latter year. Claiborne, John F. IT. Was a native of Natchez, Mississippi; educated and licensed as a lawyer in Virginia; was a Representative in the Legislature of Mississippi during three sessions, and a Representative in Congress, from Missis sippi, from 1835 to 1838 ; afterwards con ducted the Natchez " Free Trader," and also the "Louisiana Courier," leading journals of the South, and was editor of an agricultural journal published in New Orleans. He held the office of United States Timber Agent for the Districts of Louisiana and Mississippi, to which he was appointed by President Pierce. He wrote an historical work relating to the South-west. Claiborne, Nathaniel JET. He was born in Sussex County, Virginia; served many years in the Legislature of that State ; was also a member of t?ie Execu tive Council; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1837. Died in Franklin County, Virginia, August 15, 1859, aged eighty-three years. Claiborne, Thomas. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1793 to 1799, and again from 1801 to 1805. Claiborne, Thoma.s.Ke was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 1819. Claiborne, William C. C. He studied law, and settled in Tennessee, of which State he assisted in forming the Constitution, and afterwards represented it in Congress from 1797 to 1801. In 1801 he was appointed Governor of the Missis sippi Territory, and in 1804 of Louisiana, and to that office he was also chosen by the people, after the adoption of its Con stitution, from 1812 to 1816; He was then elected a Senator of the United States, but died before he took his seat, at New Orleans, November 23, 1817. Clapp, Asa W. IT. He was born in Maine, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Clark, Abraham. Born nearEliza- bethtown, New Jersey, February 15, 1726. He was a self-made man, and because of his habit of giving legal advice gratuitous ly, he was called the "Poor Man's Coun sellor." He was Sheriff and Clerk of the Colonial Assembly, one of the Delegates to the Continental Congress, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence; and, after the adoption of the Constitution, was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1791 to 1794, when he re signed. He died September 15, 1794, of stroke of the sun. Clark, Ainbrose W. He was born near Cooperstowu, Otsego County, New York, February 19, 1810; received a com mon-school education; was employed in a printing-office at Cooperstown until he became of age ; published for five years the " Otsego Republican ; " established and published for eight years, in Lewis Coun ty, the "Northern Journal;" and also published for sixteen years the " Northern New York Journal," in Watertown, Jefler- son County. In 1859 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Printing. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress in 1862, and was Chairman of the Committee on Print ing and a member of the Committee on Accounts. In 18G5 he was appointed by President Lincoln Consul at Valparaiso. Clark, Christopher. -He was a Rep- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 81 resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1804 to 1806. ClarJc, Daniel. He was born iu Strat- ham, Rockingham County, New Hamp shire, October 24, 1809; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1834; studied law, and came to the bar in 1837 ; was a mem ber of the New Hampshire Legislature in the years 1842, 1843, 1846, 1854, and 1855; in 1857 he was elected a Senator in Con gress from New Hampshire, and in 1861 was re-elected for the term ending in 1867, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Claims, the Judiciary, Indian Affairs, and as a member of other important commit tees. During the first session of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was chosen President pro tern, of the Senate, but re signed the position at the close of the second session of the same Congress. In July, 18G6, he resigned his seat in the Sen ate, and was appointed by President John- sou Judge of the United States District Court for New Hampshire. He was also a Delegate to the " Loyalists' Convention " held in Philadelphia in 1866. ClarJc, Jr. Ezra. He was born in Vermont, and having removed to Connect icut, was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections. ClarJc, FranJclin.He was born in Maine ; a merchant by occupation ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Before en tering Congress he served in the State Legislature, and was a member of the Ex ecutive Council in 1855. ClarJc, Henry S. Born in Beaufort County, North Carolina. He studied law ; went into the State Legislature in 1834 ; was Solicitor for the State in 1842; and a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1845 to 1847. ClarJc, Horace F. He was born in Southbury, New Haven County, Connect icut; graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts ; adopted the law as a pro fession; and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Af fairs. ClarJc, James. He was born in Bed ford County, Virginia, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1816, and again from 1825 to 1831, and was Governor of the State in 1836. He died at Frankfort, Kentucky, August 27, 1839. 6 ClarJc, James W. Born in Bertie County, North Carolina; graduated at Princeton College in 1796; was for sev eral years in the House of Commons ; a Presidential Elector in 1812; three years a member of the State Senate ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1815 to 1817. He was in 1823 appointed Chief Clerk of the Navy Depart ment, and died in January, 1844, in the sixty-fifth year of his age. ClarJc, John B. Born in Madison County, Kentucky, April 17, 1802. A law yer by profession ; removed to Missouri, and was appointed Clerk of Howard Coun ty Court in 1824, serving till 1834. In 1332 commanded a regiment of mounted militia during the Black Hawk war, and inado Major-Geueral of Militia in 1848 ; elected to the Legislature during the session of 1850-'51 ; was chosen by the State as com manding officer to expel the Mormons from Missouri, and was a member of the Thirtj*- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Colonel, having been expelled from the House ia July, 1861. ClarJc, Lincoln, He was born in Massachusetts ; adopted the profession of law; was a Judge for several years in Alabama ; and, on removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative in Congress* from that State, from 1851 to 1853. ClarJc, Lot. He was born in New York; was a Representative in Congress from 1823 to 1825, when he was appointed Postmaster at Norwich, New York; and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1846. ClarJc, M. S. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, dur ing the years 1820 and 1821. ClarJc, Mobert.IIe was born in Washington County, New York, and was of Scotch descent; was a member of the Assembly of that State from 1812 to 1815 , a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821 ; and a Delegate to the State Constitutional Convention held in the latter year. He subsequently adopted the medical profession, and set tled in Monroe, Michigan Territory, and by President Monroe was appointed Reg ister of the Land Office for the Second Land District of said Territory. ClarJc, Samuel. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835 ; on removing to Michigan was elect- 82 VIOGKAPHICAL BECOEDS. ed a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Clark, William. He was for some time prior to 1828 State Treasurer of Pennsylvania. In 1828 he was appointed Treasurer of the United States, and held the office for one year. From 1833 to 1837 he was a member of the House of Eepresentatives in Congress from Penn sylvania. He died in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, April 28, 1821. Clarice, Archibald . He was a member of the New York Senate for four years, beginning with 1813, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1816 to 1817. He held the several positions of Clerk, Surrogate, and Judge of Saratoga County. Died at Clarence, New York, December 4, 1821, aged forty-three years. Clarice, Bayard. 'Bom in New York City, March 17, 1815; educated at Geneva College, and studied law. In 1836 he was Attache and Secretary to General Cass's Embassy to France, and continued in that position four years. He then took a course of study at the Royal School of Cavalry, in France, and afterwards served in the Second Regiment of Dragoons through the Florida war. He resigned in 1843, and settled at Westchester, New- York, which District he represented in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Clarice, Beveri/ I. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849. In 1858 he was appointed by Presi dent Buchanan minister to Guatemala ; and died March 7, 1860. Clarice, Charles E. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. In 1839 and 1840 he was a member of the New York Assembly from Jefferson County. Died December 29, 1863, aged seventy-four years. Clarice, Daniel. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Orleans or Louisiana, from 1806 to 1809. Clarice, Freeman. He was born in Troy, New York, March 22, 1809; com menced active life as a merchant, but for twenty-seven years was engaged in the banking business, first as Cashier of the Bank of Orleans, at Albion, and subse quently as President of several banks in Rochester. He also held the offices of Vice-President and Treasurer of one or more savings banks and of several impor tant railroad companies. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector, and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a mem ber of the Committees on Manufactures and Invalid Pensions. In March, 1865, he was appointed Comptroller of the Curren cy in the Treasury Department ; and he was also a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention of 1867. ClarJce, John C. He was born in Connecticut; graduated at Williams Col lege in 1811; served in the Assembly of New York in 1826 ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1843. Died in 1852, aged fifty-nine years. Clarice, John JET. He was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, in 1791 ; grad uated at Brown University in 1809 ; adopt ed the profession of law; served in the State Legislature ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1853. Clarice, Header Wright. He was born in Bethel, Clermont County. Ohio, May 18, 1812. He obtained a good English education, and when fifteen years of age learned the trade of a printer, with which he has since been connected. He studied law, and came to the bar in 1836. In 1840 and 1841 he was elected to the Ohio Legis lature ; was a Delegate, in 1844, to the Bal timore Convention, and was a Presiden tial Elector at the ensuing election; in 1846 he was appointed Clerk of the Su preme and Common Pleas Courts of Cler mont County, which he held for six years ; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Conven tion " of 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Revolutionary Pensions and on Printing. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Expenditures in the State Department. Clarice, Sidney. Born in South- bridge, Massachusetts, October 16, 1831 ; received a common-school education; adopted the profession of an editor, and published the " Southbridge Press." In 1858 he emigrated to Kansas, and settled in Lawrence ; was a member, in 1862, of the State Legislature ; subsequently rendered military service against the Rebellion as a Captain of Volunteers, and Assistant Prov ost-Marshal-General for Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Dakota, serving in the lat ter capacity until 1864, when he was elect- pd a Representative, from Kansas, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, In dian Affairs, and on the Death of Presi dent Lincoln, and also on the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. 83 " Loyalists' Convention " of 1863 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Clarice, Stale]/ 2V. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843. Clarkson, Matthetv. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1785 to 1786. Clawson, IsaiaJi D. He was born in Woodstowu, New Jersey, March 30, 1822 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1840; studied medicine in the University of Penn sylvania, taking his degree in 1843; was a member of the New Jersey Assembly in 1853 ; and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Claims. Clay, Brutus J". Tie was born in Madison County, Kentucky, July 1, 1808 ; was educated at Danville College, Ken tucky, and settled in Bourbon County as a farmer in 1837. In 1840 he served in the State Legislature ; was subsequently elect ed President of the Bourbon County Agri cultural Society, which position he still holds. In 1853 he was elected President of the State Agricultural Society, was re- elected for four years, and then declined a re-election ; was again elected to the Leg islature in 1860 ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture, and as a member of that on Revolutionary Pensions. Ever since his bo5 7 hood he has been de voted to agriculture, and especially to the raising of choice breeds of cattle. Clay, Clement C. He was born in Halifax County, Virginia, December 17, 1780 ; graduated at the University of East Tennessee ; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1809; and removed to Iluntsville, Alabama, in 1811, where he has resided ever since. During the Creek war he saw some service as a soldier. He practised his profession until 1817, when he was elected a member of the Territo rial Council of Alabama; in 1819 he was chosen one of the Judges of the Circuit Court; in 1820 was chosen Chief Justice of that Court, and resigned in 1823; in 1828 he was elected to the State Legisla ture, and was made Speaker; he was a Representative in Congress, from Alaba ma, from 1827 to 1835; in 1835 he was elected Governor of Alabama, serving two years; and in 1837 he was elected a Sena tor in Congress for the term ending in 1842. Died at Hnntsville, Alabama, Sep tember 9, 1866. His son, bearing the same name, was also in Congress. Clay, Clement C., Jr. He was born in Madison, Alabama, about the year 1819 ; graduated at the University of Ala bama, and spent two years at the Univer- siy of Virginia; studied law, and com menced the practice at Iluntsville, Alaba ma, in 1840; served in the Legislature of Alabama in 1842, 1844, and 1815; and was elected by the Legislature, in 1846, Judge of the Madison County Court, serving two years, when ho resigned. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector, and in 1853 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ala bama, and in 1859 was re-elected for the term of six years, receiving every vote in the Legislature. Expelled from the Senate March 14, 1861, and took part in the Re bellion of that year. He was subsequently confined in Fortress Monroe as a prisoner of state, but finally released by President Johnson on his parole. Clay, Henry. Born in Hanover County, Virginia,' April 12, 1777. Having received a common-school education, he became, at an early age, a copyist in the office of the Clerk of the Court of Chan cery, at Richmond. At nineteen he com menced the study of law, and shortly after wards removed to Lexington, Kentucky, where he was admitted to the bar in 1799, and soon obtained extensive practice. He began his political career by taking an ac tive part in the election of Delegates to frame a new Constitution for the State of Kentucky. In 1803 he was elected to the Legislature by the citizens of Fayette County, and in 1803 he was appointed to the United States Senate for the remainder of the term of General Adair, who had re signed. In 1807 he was again elected a member of the General Assembly of Ken tucky, and was chosen Speaker. In the following year occurred his duel with Humphrey Marshall. In 1809 he was again elected to the United States Senate for the uuexpired term of Mr. Thurston, resigned. In 1811 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives, and was chosen Speaker on the first day of his appearance in that body, and was five times re-elected to this office. During this session his elo quence aroused the country to resist the aggressions of Great Britain, and awak ened a national spirit. In 1814 he was ap pointed one of the Commissioners to nego tiate a treaty of peace at Ghent. Returning from this mission, he was re-elected to Congress, and in 1818 he spoke in favor of recognizing the independence of the South American Republics. In the same year he put forth his strength in behalf of a na tional system of internal improvements. A monument of stone, inscribed with his name, was erected on the Cumberland Road, to commemorate his services in be half of that improvement. In the session of 1819-20 he exerted himself for the estab lishment of protection to American indus try, and this was followed by services In adjusting the Missouri Comoromise. After 84 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. the settlement of these questions he with drew from Congress, in order to attend to his private affairs. In 1823 he returned to Congress, and was re-elected Speaker; and at this session he exerted himself in sup port of the independence of Greece. Un der John Quiucy Adams he filled the office of Secretary of State. The attack upon Mr. Adams' administration, and especially upon the Secretary of State, by John Ran- dolph, led to a hostile meeting between him and Mr. Clay, which terminated with out bloodshed. In 1829 he returned to Kentucky, and in 1831 was elected to the United States Senate, where he com menced his labors in favor of the tariff. In the same month of his reappearance in the Senate he was unanimously nominated for President of the United States. In 183G he was re-elected to the Senate, where he remained until 1812, when he resigned, and took his final leave, as he supposed, of that body. la 1839 he was again nominated for the Presidency, but General Harrison was selected as the candidate. He also received the nomination in 1844 for President, and was defeated in this election by Mr. Polk. He remained in retirement in Kentucky until 1849, when he was re-elected to the Senate of the United States for the term ending in 1855., Here he devoted all his energies to the measures known as the Compromise Acts. His efforts during this session impaired his strength, and he went for his health to Havana and New Orleans, but with 110 permanent advantage. He re turned to Washington, but was unable to participate in the active duties of the Sen ate, and resigned his seat, to take effect upon the Cth of September, 1852. He died in Washington City, June 29, 1852. He was interested in the success of the Colo nization Society, and was for a long time one of its most efficient officers, and also its President. His "Life and Letters, "and also his " Speeches," were published in several volumes by the late Calvin Colton. Clay, James B. Born in Washing ton City, November 9, 1817. He received his classical education at Transylvania University, in Kentucky, and at the age of fifteen went to Boston, where he spent two years in a counting-house. From Boston he emigrated to St. Louis, Mis souri, then a city of only eight thousand, and settled upon a farm ; and when twenty- one years of age, he returned to Kentucky. After spending two years in the manufac turing business, he graduated at the Law School of Lexington, and practised law as the partner of his father, the Honor able Henry Clay, until 1849; "and during that year President Taylor appointed him Chargu d' Affaires to Lisbon; and having returned home by order of the Govern ment, he was mentioned by name in Pres ident Fillmore's Message of 1850. In 1851 he again took up his residence in Missouri, "but returned to Kentucky in 1853, when he bacame the proprietor of Ashland. He was elected to Congress in 1857, serving one term, and on the Com mittee on Foreign Relations. He was also a member of the Peace Convention of 1861, held in Washington. He was identified with the Rebellion of 1861, and died in Montreal, January 26, 1864. Clay, Joseph. He was an earnest patriot during the Revolution, and was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1780, when he re signed. His son, bearing the same name, became prominent as a Judge, and also as a Baptist preacher. Clay, Joseph. He graduated at Princeton College in 1784 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1808, when he resigned, and died in 1811. Clay, Matthew. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1813. Died in 1815. Clayton, Augustin S. Born in Frcdericksburg, Virginia, November 27, 1783, and died at his residence, in Athens, Georgia, June 21, 1839. He was educated at the University of Georgia; read law, and practised it with eminent success ; served in the State Legislature ; was ap pointed Judge of the Superior Court ; was a Presidential Elector in 1829 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1831 to 1835. He was for many years sceptical on the subject of the Christian religion, but at the time of his death was a sincere believer, and a mem ber of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He acquired some distinction as a politi cian, and the political pamphlet called "Crockett's Life of Van Buren," is said to have been the production of his pen. Clayton, John JH. Born in Sussex County, Delaware, July 24, 1796; gradu ated at Yale College in 1815 ; was bred to the bar, having studied law in the office of John Clayton, and for a time in the Law School at Litchfielcl, Connecticut. He commenced practice in 1818, and soon attained eminence in his profession. He was, in 1824, elected to the State Legis lature, and subsequently Secretary of State of Delaware; and in 1829 was chosen a Senator in Congress. He was re-elected in 1835, and resigned in Decem ber, 1836. In January, 1837, was ap pointed Chief Justice of Delaware, which office he resigned in 1839. He was again elected to the Federal Senate in 1845, and was a Senator until -1849, when he be came Secretary of State under President Taylor, which position he occupied until the death of Taylor, in July, 1850. Dur ing this period he negotiated the famous Clayton-Bulvver Treaty. He was for the BIOGEAPniCAL EECO.RDS. 85 third time elected to the Senate, and took his seat March, 1851, and died a Senator, November 9, 1856. During his last term in the Senate, he vindicated, with marked ability, the principles of the treaty which he inaugurated. At the bar he was a learned lawyer and an eloquent advocate ; and during his whole public career ac quitted himself uprightly, with dignity and recognized ability. Clayton, Joshua. He was the Gov ernor of Delaware from 1793 to 1796, and was chosen a Senator of the United States in 1798, and died the following year. Clayton, Thomas, He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1813 to 1817, and United States Sen ator from 1823 to 1826, and again from 1837 to 1847. He had been at different periods a member of the Delaware Legis lature, Chief Justice of the Court of Com mon Pleas, and of the Superior Court. He died in Newcastle, Delaware, August 21, 1854, aged seventy-six years. Cleav eland, J. F. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1836 to 1839, but subsequently removed to Charleston, where he became a merchant, and died May 19, 1841. Clemens, Jeremiah. He was born in Huutsville, Alabama, December 28, 1814, and was educated at La Grange Col lege and the University of Alabama. He studied law at the University of Transyl vania, in Kentucky, and was admitted to the bar in 1834. In 1838 he was appointed United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama; in 1839, 1840, and 1841, he was elected to the State Legisla ture; in 1842 raised a company of volun teer troops, and went to Texas, having been appointed Lieutenant-Colonel, and subsequently to the same office in the regular army; in 1843 and 1844 he was again elected to the Legislature; in 1844 served as a Presidential Elector; in 1848 was appointed Governor of the Civil and Military Department of Purchase in Mex ico, which position he held until the close of the war ; and he was a Senator in Con gress, from Alabama, from 1849 to 1853. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1856. As an author Mr. Clemens has published two novels, entitled "Bernard Lile ' and " Mustang Gray," the first in 1853 and the last in 1857. 'He was subse quently an editor. Died in Huntsville, May 21, 1865, Clemens, Sherrard. Born at Wheeling, Virginia, April 28, 1826 ; grad uated at Washington College, Pennsylva nia; a lawyer by profession; and during political campaigns has held several con fidential positions in his native State ; and was elected a member of Congress, from December, 1852, to March, 1853, and elect ed to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and Revolutionary Pensions. In 1856 he was chosen a Presidential Elector. In 1859 he was wounded in a duel fought with Mr. Wise, and was prevented from at tending the second session of the Thirty- fifth Congress. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Took part ia the Rebellion. Clements, Andrew J~. Born in Jackson County, Tennessee, in 1832 ; received a common-school education; studied medicine, and graduated at the University of Tennessee in 1858, after which he practised his profession; and in 1861 was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress. In 1866 he was elected to the Leg islature of Tennessee. Clendenen, David. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1815 to 1817. Cleveland, Chauncey .F. Born in Hampton, Connecticut, in 1799 ; was edu cated in the common schools of that vi cinity; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819; he was in the Connecti cut Legislature in 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1832, 1835, 1836, 1838, 1847, and 1848, and twice elected Speaker. He was appointed Attorney for the State in 1832 ; was Gov ernor of Connecticut in 1842 and 1843; and he received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. He was a Representa tive in Congress from 1849 to 1853; a member of the Peace Congress of 1861 ; and Presidential Elector in 1860. Clever, Charles P. He was born in Cologne, Province of Prussia, Germany, February 23, 1830; was educated at the Gymnasium of Cologne and University of Bonn; adopted the profession of law, and having removed to New Mexico prac tised it there with success ; filled the offi ces in that Territory of United States Marshal, Attorney-General, Adjutant-Gen eral, as w r ell as several others, and was elected a Delegate from New Mexico to the Fortieth Congress. In 1868 he pub lished a small work on the Resources of New Mexico. Clifford, Nathan. He was born iu Rumncy, Grafton County, New Hamp shire, August 18, 1803. He fitted for col lege at the Haverhill Academy, and com pleted his education at the Hampton Literary Institution. He studied law, and, after being admitted to the bar, re moved to Maine in 1827. He was elected to the Legislature, from York County, in 1830, and re-elected for three years, dur ing the last two occupying the post of 86 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Speaker. In 1834 he was appointed At torney-General for the State of Maine, which office he held four .years ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843. In 1846 he was appointed, by President Polk, Attorney-General of the United States, which office he held until March, 1847, when he was appointed Commissioner to Mexico. When peace was declared between this country and Mexico he was appointed Minister to that Republic. On his return to the United States he settled in Portland, devoting himself to his profession; and in 1858 Avas appointed, by President Buchanan, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Clinch f Duncan L. Was a General in the United States Army, and from 1843 to 1845 a Representative in Congress from Georgia. He was a brave soldier and noble-hearted man. Died at Macon, Georgia, October 28, 1849. Clingan, William. He was a Del egate from Pennsylvania to the Conti nental Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confeder ation. Clingman, Thomas L. Born in Iluntsville, Surry County, North Carolina; graduated at Chapel Hill University; studied law, but just as he was about to enter upon the practice he was elected to the House of Commons of the State. On his retirement from the Legislature, in 183G, he removed to Ashville, in Bun combe County. He was soon after elected to a seat in the State Senate of North Carolina. In 1843 he was elected to Con gress, and, with the exception of one term, was a member of the House of Represent atives until the Thirty-fifth Congress, when he was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. On the resignation of A. Biggs, he was appointed a Senator in Congress, and in November, 1858, his appointment was confirmed by the Legislature. He made contributions to the sciences of geology and mineralogy, and brought to light many facts connected with the mountains of North Carolina, one of the highest peaks of which it was his fortune to explore and measure, and which now bears his name. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Colonel, hav ing been expelled from the Senate in July, 1861, to which he had been re-elected for the term commencing in March, 1861. Clinton, De Witt. Born at Little Britain, in Orange County, New York, March 2, 1769. He graduated at Colum bia College, with the highest honors, in 1786. He studied law, but never engaged much in its practice, lie was elected to the Senate of New York in 1799. In July, 1802, he fought a duel with Mr. Swart- wout, arising from political controversy concerning Mr. Burr. He was a Senator of the United States from 1802 to 1803, and was chosen Mayor of New York iu 1803, holding this office uutil 1815, except ing the years 1807 and 1810. While he was Mayor, he was also for several years a State Senator, and the Lieuteuant-Gov- ernor. Under his auspices, also, the His torical Society of New York, of which he was at one time President, and the Acad emy of Fine Arts were incorporated, the New York City Hall was founded, the Orphan Asylum established, and the City fortified. He took a great interest, as early as 1817, in, and did more than any other man in behalf of, the Euie Canal, and that great work was finished during his administration as Governor, in 1825. In 1812 he consented to become the can didate of the Peace party for the Presi dency of the United States. In 1823 and 1824 he was President of the Board of Canal Commissioners, and during the latter year was elected Governor of the State, and in 1826 was re-elected to the same office ; he afterwards declined the embassy to England, offered to him by President Adams. He died at Albany, February 11, 1828. Clinton, George. Born in Ulster County, New York, July 26, 1739, and died at Washington City, April 20, 1812. He commenced life by sailing in a priva teer ; served as a Lieutenant in the expe dition against Fort Froutenac; he after wards studied law ; was a member of the Colonial Assembly, and also of the Pro vincial Congress in 1775 ; he was appoint ed a Brigadier-General in 1777 ; was Gov ernor of New York for eighteen years; from 1795 to 1800 he lived in retirement; was again chosen Governor in 1804 ; and, having been elected Vice-President of the United States during the last year, he re tained the office until his death, conse quently officiating as President of the Senate a period of eight years. Clinton, Jr. George. He was born in New York ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1801 and 1802 ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1804 to 1809. Clinton, James G. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1845. Clapton, David. Born in Georgia in 1820, and elected a Representative, fiom Alabama, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee ou Public Expenditures. Resigned in Feb ruary, 1861, to take part iu the Rebellion of that year. Clopton, tTb/m. He was a Repre- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 87 sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 171)9, and again from 1801 to 181G. Died September 11, 181G. Cloivnei/, William K. He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1848; adopted the profession of law ; was Commissioner in Equity of South Carolina; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1S39. , George. He was born in Philadelphia in 1739, and was a patriot of the Revolution. He engaged in mercan tile pursuits, and early espoused the cause of his country. In 1773 he resolutely op posed the sale of tea sent out by the Brit ish Government, and not a pound was sold in Philadelphia. In 1775 he was one of the iirst Continental Treasurers. In 1776 he was a member of Congress, and signed the Declaration of Independence. In 1774 his furniture was destroyed by the enemy. In 1780 he co-operated with Robert Mor ris in the establishment of a bank for the relief of the country. He was a member of the old Congress in 1780, and a Repre sentative, under the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791, from Pennsylvania. He was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument. In 1791 he was placed at the head of the Excise Depart- meut in Pennsylvania. In 1796 he was sent to Georgia to negotiate a treaty with the Creek and Cherokee Indians. He was afterwards President of the Philadelphia Bank and of the Academy of Fine Arts. He died at Morrisville, Bucks County, January 23, 1813. Cobb, Atnasa. Born in Crawford County, Illinois, September 27, 1823; re ceived a common-school education; emi grated to Wisconsin Territory in 1842; spent five years in the lead-mining busi ness, and served in the Mexican war as a private soldier, during which time he oc casionally read law, and at the end of the war he began to practise the legal profes sion. In 1850 he was elected a District Attorney, and served four years; in 1854 was elected to the State Senate, and served two years ; in 1855 he was appointed Ad jutant-General of the State, and again in 1857 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1800; re-elected in 18G1, and chosen Speaker; in 18G1 and 1862 he served in the volunteer service as Colonel of the Fifth Wisconsin Regiment, and was elect ed a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Militia, and Chairman of the Joint Committee on Enrolled Bills. During the recess of Con gress he was again commissioned a Colo nel, and raised the Forty-third Regiment of Wisconsin Volunteers, which, he com manded until July, 1865, when he was mustered out. He was brevetted for gal lant services at Williamsburg, Golden's Farm, and Antietam. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on tho Committees on Enrolled Bills, District of Columbia, and Mines and Mining. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims and Public Buildings and Grounds. Cobb, David. He was born in At- tleborough, Massachusetts, September 14, 1748; graduated at Harvard College in 1766, and adopted the Medical profession ; served in the Revolution, in 1777, as Lieu tenant-Colonel; served as an Aide to General Washington in the capacity of Colonel; was promoted to the rank of Brevet Brigadier-General; after the war was made judge of a County Courb; was elected to the Legislature and served as Speaker from 1789 to 1793 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1793 to 1795; was President of the State Senate from 1801 to 1805 ; Lieutenant-Governor of the State in 1809; a State Councillor in 1803, and from 1812 to 1818 ; and was subsequently appointed Major-General of the State Militia. Died April 17, 1830. Cobb, George T.lle was bora in, New Jersey, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee ou Invalid Pensions. Cobb, Hoivell.The uncle of Secre tary Cobb, and for whom he was named, was born in Granville, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 1812. During the last war with England he served with credit as a Captain in the army, and after peace was declared he settled upon a plan tation, and devoted his whole attention to agriculture. He died about the year 1820. Cobb, Howell. He was born at Cher ry Hill, in Jefferson County, Georgia, Sep tember 7, 1815. When a child, his father removed to Athens, Georgia, where he has since resided. He graduated at Franklin College in 1834 ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836 ; was a Presi dential Elector in that year; in 1837 he received the appointment of Solicitor- General of the Western Circuit, which he held four years ; and he was elected a Rep resentative in Congress in 1842, having been re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, and during his latter term he was elected Speaker. On his retirement from Con gress, he was chosen Governor of Geor gia ; in 1855 he was again elected to Congress ; and on the accession of Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, Governor Cobb went into his cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. He took a prominent 88 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. part in the Rebellion of 1SG1, and was a member of the so-called Confederate Con gress, and a Brigadier-General. Cobl>, Thomas W. He was born in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1784, and attained a high position as a lawyer. He was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1817 to 1821, and again from 1823 to 1824 ; and he was a Senator in Con gress from 1824 to 1828. lie was subse quently chosen a Judge of the Superior Court, and died in Greeusborough Febru ary 1, 1830. He was the author of many political Essays. Cobb, Williamson It. W. He was born in Ray County, Tennessee, in 1807, and in 1809 his father removed to Madison County, Alabama, with the prosperity of which State his name has been identified for many years. He received a good com mon-school education, and then turned his attention to farming. From this pursuit he was called, in 1845, to a seat in the State Legislature, where he remained two years, in 1847 he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Alabama, in which capacity he served his adopted State, by successive re-elections, down to 18GO. During eight years of his Congres sional career lie has officiated as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business, and the balance of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. The credit is awarded to him of having engi neered through Congress the Bounty Laud Bill of 1850, and the Graduation Bill of 1854. He was killed by the accidental dis charge of a pistol in Alabama, in No vember, 1804. He had served in the Confederate Congress, but was expelled therefrom on account of disloyalty to the Confederacy. Cobiirn, Jolin. He was born in In dianapolis, Indiana, October 27, 1825; graduated at Wabash College in 184G; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1850 and 1851; was Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas in the "Twelfth District from 1859 to 1861 ; resigned, and served in the army during the Rebellion, first as Colonel of the Thirty-third Regiment Indiana Vol unteers, when he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General for gallant and meri torious services ; was with the Army of the Cumberland, and having gone with General Sherman to Atlanta, received in person the surrender of that city ; in Octo ber, 1805, he was elected Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Indiana, which he re signed in August, 1800 ; and in the subse quent autumn he was elected a Repre sentative from Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency and Public Expend itures. CoTjurn, StepJien.IIe was born in Maine, and in January, 1801, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the unexpired term of Israel Washburu, Jr., resigned. Cochran, James. Ke was a Major of Militia, and represented the State of New York in Congress, from 1797 to 1799. He died at Oswego, New York, November 7, 1848, aged seventy-nine years. lie was at one time Postmaster of Oswego. Cochrane, Clark B. Born in New Boston, New Hampshire, May 31, 1815; graduated at Union College, Schenectady, New York; a lawyer by profession; mem ber of the New York Legislature in 1843 and 1844; and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. He was also re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was also a Dele gate to the Baltimore Convention of 1804, and re-elected to the Assembly in 1805. Died at Albany, March 5, 1867. Cochrane, JoJin. Born at Palatine, Montgomery County, New York; studied at Union College and graduated at Hamil ton College, New York; is a lawyer by profession; was Surveyor of the port of New York for four years, and elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, acting as Chair man of the Committee on Commerce. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce. Also served as a General of Volunteers in the Union army in 1861-'2; and he was subsequently elected Attorney-General of the State of New York. In 1804 he was nominated for the office of Vice-President of the United States, on the ticket with J. C. Fremont; and he was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1800. CocJce, John. He was born in Bruns wick County, Virginia, 1772; in early life he emigrated to Tennessee, adopted the profession of law, and became a member of the first Legislature of the State, in 1796; he was Speaker of the House for many years, and also a member of the Senate. From 1819 to 1827 he was a Rep resentative in Congress from his adopted State. He died in Grundj'- County, Ten nessee, February 10, 1854. CocJce, William. He was born in Virginia, participated in the military, civil, legislative, and judicial services of that State ; and, on removing to Tennessee, be came a General of Militia; served in the State Legislature in 1813; became one of the Judges of the Circuit Court; and was a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, iu BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. 89 1797, but was superseded by A. Jackson, and again from 1799 to 1805 ; and was ap pointed, in 1814, by President Madison, Indian Agent for the Chickasaw nation. Coclce, William M. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1849. CocJcerill, Joseph JB. He was born in Virginia, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Public Expenditures and Expenses in the "War Department. CocJcran, James, A Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1809 to 1813. Coffee, John. He was a member of Congress, from Georgia, from 1833 to 1837, and died in Telfair County, of that State, September 25, 1836. Coffin, Charles G. He was a Rep resentative in. Congress, from Ohio, from 1838 to 1839. Coffin, Pelcg. He was born Septem ber, 1750, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1795. He served a number of years in the State Senate, and was State Treasurer from 1797 to 1802. Died March G, 1805. Coffroih, Alexander JEf Born in Somerset, Somerset County, Pennsylva nia, May 18, 1828 ; was self-educated ; read law and commenced the practice iu 1851 ; was a Delegate to the Charleston Convention in I860, and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and served on the Committees on Revolutionary Pensions and on Expenditures in the Interior De partment. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions, but his seat was successfully contested by Mr. Koontz. In 1867 he was appointed by President Johnson an Assessor of Internal Revenue. Coif, Joshua. Born in New London, Connecticut, October 7, 1758; graduated at Harvard University in 1776 ; he studied law and settled in New London in 1779; and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1793 to 1798. He also served a number of years in the Legislature of Connecticut. Died in New London, September 5, 1798, of yellow fever. CoJce, Richard. He was a lawyer by profession, and posssssed talents of a high order, and an energy seldom equalled. He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1829 to 1833, and for many years a prominent member of the bar. He died in Abiugdon, Virginia, March 30, 1851. ColcocJc, William F. He was born in Soutli Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1823; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the State Legislature, and Speaker of the House ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from South Carolina, from 1849 to 1853. Colden, CadwalladerD.Ra was for many years a prominent member of the New York bar; served also in the Legislature of that State ; held the post of District Attorney of the United States for many years ; was at one time Mayor of New York ; and a member of Congress from 1821 to 1823. He was an early and intimate friend of Robert Fulton, and wrote his biography ; he was highly re spected for his talents and virtues, and. died in Jersey City, New Jersey, Febru ary 7, 1834, aged sixty-five years. Cole, Cornelius. Born in Lodi, New York, September 17, 1822; bred to the business of a farmer; graduated at the Wesleyan University in Connecticut; adopted the profession of law ; emigrated to California in 1849, and mined for gold one year; subsequently prosecuted his profession in San Francisco and Sacra mento ; was District Attorney at the lat ter place for two years; and in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from Cali fornia, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. From 1856 to 1860 he was a member of the National Republican Committee, and during the Presidential campaign of 1860 was the editor of a newspaper in California, He was elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1867, and ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Appropriations, Manufac tures, and Claims ; and was a, Delegate to the Philadelohia "Lo3 - alists' Convention" of 1866. Cole, George E. Was born in Oneida County, New York, December 23, 1826 ; went to Iowa in 1849 ; crossed the plains to California in 1850, and went to Oregon the same year; was a nfbmbcr of the Oregon Legislature in 1851, 1852 and 1853 ; during the years 1859 and 1860 he was Clerk of the United States District Court for Oregon ; removed to Washing ton Territory in 1861 ; and in 1863 he was elected a Delegate from Washington Ter ritory to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Cole, Orsamus. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in 90 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1849 to 1851. Coleman, Nicholas 1>. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1829 to 1831, and was in that year appointed Postmaster at Maysville, Kentucky. Coles, Isaac. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1791, and again from 1793 to 1797; and he was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Coles , Walter. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1845. Coif ax, ScJiuyler. Born in New York City, March 23, 1823 ; attended a pub lic school ; was a merchant's clerk for three years ; and in 183G, removed with his wid owed mother to Indiana, where he held a county office and studied law. In 1845 he established the " St. Joseph Valley Regis ter" at South Bend, which he conducted until 1855. He was a member in 1850, of the " State Constitutional Convention ; " in 1848 and 1852, a Delegate to the " Whig National Conventions " of those years, and was Secretary of each. He was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty- fourth Congress, and to the successive Con gresses, including the Fortieth, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Post Offi ces, and as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He was chosen Speaker dur ing the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was twice re-elected to the same position. In 1865 he made an overland journey to the Pacific Coast, which formed the subject of a popular Lecture which he delivered in several States ; and in May, 1868, he was nominated for the office of Vice-President on the ticket with General Grant for Pres ident. Collamer, Jacob. He was born in Troy, New York, in 1792, but when a child removed with his father to Burlington, Vermont. He graduated at the Univer sity of Vermont in 1810; served as a sub altern during the first campaign of the last war with England; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1813 ; practised his profession until 1833, during which time he was for several years a member of the State Legislature, and from 1833 to 1841 he was Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont. In 1843 he took his seat as a Representative in Congress, from Ver mont, serving by re-elections until 1849 ; in March of that year he was appointed Postmaster - General in the cabinet of President Taylor; resigned in 1850, with the rest of the cabinet, on the death of the President, and was soon afterwards rcap- pointed on the Supreme Bench of his State, which office he held until 1854, when he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, for six years, from 1855 ; and in 1861 he was re-elected for the term ending in 1867 serving as Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, also that on the Library, and as a member of several other important committees. He received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont, and from Dart mouth College, New Hampshire. Died in Woodstock, Vermont, ^November 8, 1865. Collier, JToJin A. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1838. Collln, John F. Born in Hillsdale, Columbia County, New York, April 30, 1802. He received a common-school ed ucation, and lias devoted himself to agri cultural pursuits. He served in the State Legislature in 1834; was a member for some years of the County Board of Super visors ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Collins, Ela. Born in Meriden, Connecticut, February 14, 1786; studied law, and commenced practice in Oaeida County, New York ; was for twenty 3~ears a District Attorney, displaying ability as an advocate, and during the latter part of his life devoted much attention to farm ing. He commanded a regiment of Mili tia near Sackett's Harbor, New York, in 1814; represented Lewis County in the Legislature of the State, and in 1821 was a member of the State Constitutional Convention. He was in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at Lowville, Lewis County, November 23, 1848. Collins, John, Governor of Rhode Island, from 1786 to 1789, succeeding William Greene. He was a patriot of the Revolution, a Delegate to the old Congress from 1778 -to 1783, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation ; and elected a Representative in Congress in 1789. He died at Newport, in March, 1795, aged seventy-eight. Collins, William. lie was the sou of Ela, and born in Oueida County, New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He studied law, and was District Attorney for Lewis County, until he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. Colqultt, Alfred H.lle was a na tive of Georgia; graduated at Princeton College in 1844; a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855, and a Presidential Elector in 1861. Colqultt , W. T. He was boru in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 91 Halifax County, Virginia, December 27, 1799; was educated at Princeton. College, and admitted to the bar in 1820. He was a Brigadier-General of Militia at the age of twenty-one ; iu 182G he was appointed a District Judge, and held the first court ever held in Columbus ; was appointed to the same office in 1829 ; was a member of "the State Senate in 1834 and 1837; a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, and a Senator in Con gress from 1843 to 1849. He was also a member of the Nashville Convention in 1850 ; and he died at Macon, Georgia, May 7, 1855. Colston, Edward. Born in Berke ley County, Virginia, in 1788, and grad uated at Princeton College in 1806. He served for a long time as Magistrate of the County, and in the capacity of High Sheriff; was frequently a member of the State Legislature ; and was a Represent- tivein Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819. He died April 23, 1851. Comegi/s, Joseph P. Son of Cor nelius P. Comegys, formerly Governor of the State of Deleware ; was born in St. Joue's Neck, at Cherbourg, near Dover, Delaware, December 29, 1813; was edu cated at Dover Academy. In May, 1831, entered the office of J. M. Clayton, as a student of law, and was admitted to the bar iu 1835; elected a member of the House of Representatives of the State in 1842 and 1848. In January, 1851, was ap pointed by the General Assembly one of a Committee of three to revise the Statutes of the State. In November, 1856, was chosen by the Governor to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate occasioned by the death of John M. Clayton. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Comins, lAnus B. Born in Charl- ton, Massachusetts, in 1817; graduated at the "Worcester County Manual Labor High School ; " and was devoted to mercantile business, and to manufacturing. He was a member of the Roxbury City Council in 1846, and in 1847 and 1848 President of the Council. In 1854 he was Mayor of Rox bury, and having been, soon after, elected to Congress, from Massachusetts, con tinued in that position to the close of the Thirty-tifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Comstoclc, Oliver C. He was bi-ed a Baptist minister, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1810 and 1812, and a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1813 to 1819. He subse quently officiated as Chaplain of the House of Representatives ; and died at Marshall, Michigan, January 11, I860, aged seventy- six years. Conflict, John. He was born in 1755; was a soldier and surgeon during the Revolutionary war. He was a mjem- ber of the New Jersey Legislature for several years ; a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1799 to 1803 ; a Senator in Congress, from 1803 to 1817; and again a Representative during the years 1819 and 1820. He died May 4^ 1834. Condict, Lewis. Born at Morris- town, New Jersey, in March, 1773, and was a physician of eminence. From 1805. to 1810 he was a member of the New Jersey Legislature, the two latter years officiating as Speaker; in 1807 was a Com missioner for settling the boundary be tween New York and New Jersey; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1811 to 1817 and from 1821 to 1833. In 1841 he was also a Presidential Electoi-. He was also at one time Sheriff of Morris County, and died at Morristowu, New Jersey, May 26, 1862. Condit, Silas. He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Con gress from 1781 to 1784; and his son bearing the same name was a Represent ative in the Federal Congress. Condlt, Silas. Born in New Jersey in 1777; graduated at Princeton College in 1795; was a Representative in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1831 to 1833. He was a member of the Conven tion which formed the State Constitution of 1844; for many years President of the Newark Banking Company, and was fre quently elected to the Legislature of New Jersey. Died at Newark, New Jersey, November 29, 1861. Conger, Harmon S. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. His native State was Connecticut. Conger, James L. He was born in New Jersey, and, on removing to Mich igan, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1853. Con7cling, Alfred. He was born in East Hampton, Suffolk County, New York, October 12, 1789; graduated at Union College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1812; was District Attorney for Montgomery County for two or three years; and was elected a Representative from New York to the Seventeenth Con gress. He then settled in Albany, and in 1825 was appointed by President Adams Judge of the United States for the North ern District of New York, his nomination having been unanimously confirmed by the Senate. While upon the bench he wrote two law-books that were much needed by the profession ; one of them entitled " Conkling's Treatise," and the BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. other " Conkling's Admiralty." In 1852 he was appointed by President Fillmore Minister to Mexico, and on his return from that mission he settled at Gcnesee, New York, and devoted himself mainly to lit erary pursuits, including the preparation and publication of -new editions of his law-books. In 1867 he published a work on "The Powers of the Executive De partments of the United States." Two of his sous were Kepresentatives in Con gress. ConJclinff, Frederick A. He was born in Montgomery County, New York, August 22, 18 1G; was bred a merchant, and has followed that occupation in the City of New York ; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1854, 1859, and I860; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirt}--seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. ConJcling, JRoscoe. Was born in Albany in 1828 ; received a good educa tion; adopted the profession of law; in 1849 he was appointed District Attorney for Oneida County ; in 1858 he was elected Mayor of Utica, to which place he had removed in 1846; and at the close of 1858 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on a Bankrupt Law, and also as Chairman of that on the District of Columbia; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. His father, Al fred Conkling, and his brother, Fred erick A., were also Representatives in Congress. In the Thirty-ninth Con gress he served on the Committees on Ways and Means and Reconstruction. He was re-elected a Representative to the Fortieth Congress, but in January, 1867, was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Com mittees on Appropriations, the Judiciary, and Mines and Mining. He was also President of the Republican State Conven tion of 1867. Conner, Samuel . He was born in New Hampshire ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1806; was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the United States Army in 1812 (18th In fantry) ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1817. He also held the office of Surveyor-Gene ral in Ohio in 1819. He died at Coving- ton, Kentucky, December 17, 1820. Conness, John. He was born in Ire land, September 20, 1821, but came to this country when thirteen years of age ; was among the first emigrants to California, where he became engaged in mining and mercantile pursuits. In 1852 he was elect ed to the State Legislature, and was re-elected three times. In 1859 he was can didate for Lieutenant-Governor of Califor nia, and in 1861 a candidate for Governor of the Union Democratic party. In 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from California, for the term ending in 1869, serv ing on the Committees on Finance and the Pacific Railroad; as Chairman of the Com mittee on Mines and Mining, and as a mem ber also of that on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also a Delegate to the Phil adelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Connor, Henry W. Born in Prince George County, Virginia, in August, 1793 ; educated at the University of South Caro lina, where he graduated in 1812; in 1814 he was Aide-de-camp to General Joseph Graham in the Creek war; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1821 to 1841, when he declined a re-election; and having, in 1848, served in the General Assembly, he also declined a re-election to that office, and retired to private life. Died in North Carolina, Jan uary 15, 1866. Conrad, Charles M. He was born in Winchester, Virginia, and when an in fant went with his father, first to Missis sippi, and then to Louisiana, where he lias since resided. In 1828 he was admitted to the bar in New Orleans; served a number of years in the State Legislature; was a Senator in Congress in 1842 and 1843; was a member of the State Consti tutional Convention in 1844 ; and a Repre- resentative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1849 to August, 1850, when he be came Secretary of War under President Fillmore. Served in the Southern Re bellion as a Brigadier-General. Conrad, Frederick. He was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, fron 1803 to 1807. Conrad, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pensylvauia, from 1813 to 1815. Constable, Albert. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Contee, Benjamin. He was a Del egate to the Continental Congress in 1787 and 1788, and was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1791. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Comvay, Henry W. He was born in Greene County, Tennessee, and was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Arkansas, from 1823 to 1829. Conway, Martin F.Was born in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 93 Charleston, South Carolina, about the year 1830; removed to Baltimore in his four teenth year; was bred a printer; followed that business for a time, and took part in originating the National Typographical Union. He subsequently studied law and practised for several years ; went to Kan sas in 1854, and was elected to the Council of the first Territorial Legislature. Under the Topeka Convention he was chosen Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. In 185(5 he was President of the Leavenworth Constitutional Convention ; and in 1859 he was elected a Representative, from Kansas, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Af fairs. , Burton C, Born in Monroe County, New York, May 11, 1819 ; received a collegiate education ; adopted the pro fession of law; elected State Attorney for the Ninth Circuit, in 1846, for two years by the Legislature ; re-elected in 1848 for four years by the people ; was a member of the State Senate from 1852 to 1860, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judici ary. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals. CooJc, Daniel P. He was born in Scott County, Kentucky, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1820 to 1827, and filled with great ability his duties as a member of the Com mittee of Ways and Means. By such men as Mr. Calhoun and Judge McLean he was considered a man of remarkable talents. He died at the age of thirty-two years, in October, 1827. CooJc, John P. He was born in New York, and, on taking up his residence in Iowa, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Cook, Orchard. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1805 to 1811. He was a mer chant by occupation, and for some years Sheriff of Lincoln County. CooJc, Thomas B. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813, and a member of the Assembly of that State in 1838 and 1839. Coolc, Zadoclc. Born in 1769; was frequently in the Legislature of Georgia; and a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1819. His memory is said to have been remarkable, as he could, after read ing a chapter in the Bible, repeat the same from beginning to end. In 1854 he was still living. CooJce, Bate. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833. At one time, from 1839 to 1841, he held the office of Comptroller of New York, and, was also a Bank Commis sioner in 1840. Died in 1841. Coolie, EleutJieros.TSorn in Gran- ville, Washington County, New York, December 25, 1787. He received a liberal education, and having studied law, prac tised it with success both in New York and Ohio until 1830. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1831 to 1833; served for many years in the Legislature of that State, before and after entering Congress ; and though ostensibly living in retirement, he was for many years very frequently called upon to ad dress the citizens of Ohio on topics of a varied nature, on account of his populari ty as an orator. Died at Samlusky, Ohio, December 27, 18G5. He was the father of the distinguished banker, Jay Cooke. CooJce, Joseph P. He was born in 1730; graduated at Yale College in 1750; was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1788; and died at Danbury, Connecticut, in 1816. Cooper, Edmund. He was born in Franklin, Williams County, Tennessee, September 1 1, 1821 ; graduated at Jackson College in 1839 ; read law and attended lectures at Harvard University and settled in the practice of the profession in Bed ford Count}'; in 1849 he was elected to the Tennessee Legislature ; was elected a "Union Delegate" to the State Conven tion proposed in 1861 ; was again elected to the State Legislature in 1865, but re signed on being elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, taking his seat near the close of the first session, and serving on the Com mittees on the Murders in South Carolina and on Territories. In November, 1867, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. Cooper, George B. Born at Long Hill, Morris County, New Jersey, June 6, 1808 ; received a good common-school education; removed to Michigan in 1830; served in the two houses of the State Legislature ; served two terms as State Treasurer of Michigan ; held the position of Postmaster at Jackson for eleven years, which he resigned when chosen Treas urer ; and was elected a Repi'csentative, from Michigan, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress. His seat, however, was contested by William A. Howard, and before tha close of the first session the latter was admitted. Cooper, James. He was born in Frederick County, Maryland, May 8, 1810. He commenced his education at the com- 94 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. mon schools of the county, spent some little time at St. Mary's College, and graduated at Washington College, Penn sylvania. He studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in Pennsylvania in 1834 ; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, in 1838, and re-elected in 1840; in 1843 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serving in 1847 as Speaker; in 1848 he was appointed Attorney-Gen eral of Pennsylvania, and in 1849 was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term of six years. During his service in Con gress his health was feeble, so that he could not participate in the debates of the Senate to the extent that he desired, and on his return to Pennsylvania settled in Philadelphia and subsequently in Freder ick, Maryland. He afterwards became a Brigadier-General in the army, and died at Columbus, Ohio, March 28, 1863. Cooper, John. He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Con gress in 1776. Cooper, flfarJc A. He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1842 to 1843. Cooper, Richard M. Born in Gloucester County, New Jersey; was a member of the Society of Friends ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1829 to 1833. He also served in the Legislature, and was Presi dent of the State Bank at Camden. Died March 10, 1844, aged seventy-six years. Cooper, Thomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1813 to 1817. Cooper, Thomas B. He was born in Cooperstown, Lehigli County, Pennsyl vania, December 29, 1823 ; was educated at Pennsylvania College at Gettysburg, and also at the University of Pennsylva nia, where he graduated in 1843; and having adopted the profession of a physi cian, he was successful therein. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, for the term ending in 1863, but died at Cooperstown, April 4, 1862, during the second session of the Thirty-seventh Congress. Cooper, William. Born in New Jersey; and having removed to Otsego County, New York, became the founder of Cooperstown. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1795 to 1797, and again from 1799 to 1801. He was the father of the eminent author, James Fenimore Cooper. Cooper, W. K. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1839 to 1841. Corbett, Henry W. He was born in Westborougli, Massachusetts, February 18, 1827. When quite young, he removed to Washington County, New York; was educated chiefly at the Cambridge Acad emy in that County ; when sixteen years of age he removed to New York City, where he remained nearly eight years, en gaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1830 he shipped a stock of goods to Portland, in Oregon, and removed to that Territory in the following year, where he has since followed the mercantile business. He took an active part in politics, and was identified with the organization of the Republican and Union parties in the State; was a Delegate from Oregon to the Chicago Convention which nominated Abraham Lincoln for the Presidency, and in 186G he was elected a Senator in Con gress, from Oregon, for the term com mencing in 18G7 and ending in 1873, serv ing on the Committees on Commerce, Indian Afl'airs, and District of Columbia. Cornell, EzeJclel.lle was a Dele gate from Rhode Island to the Continen tal Congress, from 1780 to 1783. Cornell, TJiomas.lle was born at White Plains, Westchester County, New York, January 27, 1814; received a com mon-school education; has been engaged in the business of transportation and banking, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Roads and Canals, and Educa tion and Labor. Corning, Erastus.'Born in Nor wich, Connecticut, December 14, 1794. When thirteen years of age he went to Troy, New York, and entered the hard ware store of his uncle, Benjamin Smith, the bulk of whose property he subse quently inherited. In 1S14 he removed to Albany, and continued in the same busi ness, establishing the well-known house, still in existence, of Erastus Corning & Co. His first public position was that of Alderman of the city of Albany; from that he was promoted to Mayor, which office he held for three years. He was also for several years an influential Rail road, Bank, and Canal Company Presi dent; for several terms a member of the State Legislature; and was elected a Rep resentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Af fairs. In 1860 he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means ; and was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty- eighth Congress, but resigned on account BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 95 of his health. In 1833 he was a Regent of the University of New York, and he was a Delegate to the State Constitu tional Convention of 1867. Corwin, Moses B. He was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky, January 5, 1790; spent his boyhood on a farm in Ohio ; received a good education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. In 1838 and 1839 he was elected to the Legislature ; -and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1851, and from 1853 to 1855, serving as a member of the Committee on the Post Office Department. Corwin, Thomas-. Born in Bour bon County, Kentucky, July 29, 1794. Rising from humble life, he became dis tinguished as a lawyer, having come to the bar in 1817; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1822, and afterwards a Representative to Congress, from the Warren District, in 1831. He continued a member of the House until 1840; was chosen Governor of Ohio in October of thnt year; and was a Presidential Elector in 1844. He was Governor but two years, Wilson Shannon succeeding him in 1842. The Whigs having a majority in the Leg islature of Ohio in 1845, elected him a United States Senator, which office he held till his appointment in the cabinet, in 1850, as Secretary of the Treasury, tinder President Fillmore. He was long known in Congress as an advocate of the Whig measures of policy. As a stump speaker and before a jury, his eloquence was singularly effective. In October, 1858, he ^vas elected a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, for the term com mencing in 1859 ; and during that year a volume of his Speeches was published. He was Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Com mittee of Thirty-three, in the Thirty- sixth Congress, on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, but in 1801 was appointed by Pres ident Lincoln Minister to Mexico. After his return from Mexico ho resided in Washington, where he died December 18, 1805. His Life and Speeches were pub lished in 1859, edited by Isaac Strohm. Cotteral, J. L. T. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1846 to 1847. Cottman, Joseph S. Born in Som erset County Maryland, August 10, 1803; received a classical education; admitted to the bar in 1826; served in the Mary land Legislature ; was a Presidential Elec tor in 1849 ; and a member of Congress, from 1851 to 1853. Died in Somerset County, Maryland, in 18G3. Coulter f Richard, He attained eminence as a lawyer, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1835, and died in Westmore land County, Pennsylvania, April 21, 1852. At the time of his death, he was Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Covington, Leonard. He was born at Aquasco, Prince George County, Maryland, October 30, 1768. In 1793 he obtained from General Washington the commission of Lieutenant of Dragoons, and joined the army under General Wayne ; he distinguished himself at Fort Recovery and the battle of Miami, and was honorably mentioned in the official report of General Wayne. After the war he was promoted to the rank of Captain, by Washington, in 1794, and retired to the pursuits of agriculture. He was for many years a member of the Legislature of Maryland, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1807. He was appointed by Pres ident Jefferson, in 1809, Lieutenant- Colonel of a regiment of cavalry, and in 1810 was in command at Fort Adams, oil the Mississippi, and took possession of Baton Rouge, and a portion of West Florida. In 1813 he was ordered to the Northern frontier, and appointed by Presi dent Madison Brigadier-General. At the battle of Williamsburg he received a mortal wound while animating his men, and leading them to the charge, and died at French Mills, November 13, 1813, two days after his fall. His remains were removed to Sackett's Harbor, August 13, 1820, and the place of his burial is now known as Mount Covington. He had the reputation of being one of the best offi cers in the service. Covode, John. Born in Westmore land County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1808 ; a farmer and manufacturer by occu pation, and extensively engaged in the coal business. He was elected, from Pennsylvania, a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and re-elected to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was made Chairman of a Special Com mittee appointed to investigate certain charges made against President Buchanan and his administration. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and Chairman of that on Public Buildings and Grounds. Coivan, Edgar. He was born in. Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, Sep tember 19, 1815. After spending one year at Franklin College, Ohio, he gradu- 96 BIOGKAPIIICAL EECOEDS. ated at that institution in 1839. While yet a mere boy he was thrown upon his own resources for a support, and until 1842 followed various employments, hav ing been a clerk, boat-builder, school master, and a student of medicine. He subsequently studied law, aud practised the profession until 18G1, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Penn sylvania, for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on the Judi ciary and Enrolled Bills, aud as Chairman of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, aud those on Finance and Agriculture. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois. In I860 he was a Presi dential Elector, aud he was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con vention " of 18G6, and in January, 1867, he was appointed by President Johnson Minister to Austria, but was not con firmed. Cowen, Benjamin S. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 18-11 to 1843. Coivles, Henri/ B. Born at Hart ford, Connecticut, March 18, 1798. When eleven years old he removed to Duchess County, New York, with his father, and graduated at Union College in 1816. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1819 ; in 1826, 1827, and 1828, he served as a member of the New York Legisla ture, from Putnam County, and during his first term was Chairman of the Select Committee raised to investigate the " As- tor Claim ; " and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. In 1834 he took up his residence in the City of New York, Avhere he con tinued in the practice of his profession. Cox, James. He was a native of Moumouth County, New Jersey, having been born in 1753; several years a mem ber of the State Legislature, and Speaker of the Assembly ; commanded a company of Militia in the Revolution, having been engaged in the battles of Germantovvn and Monmouth ; was subsequently a Brig adier-General of Militia ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, during the years 1809 and 1810. Died September 12, 1810. Cox, Leander 3f. He was born in Virgiuia, and removing to Kentucky, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses. Cox, Samuel S. He was born in Zanesville, Ohio; graduated at Brown University; adopted the profession of law, and was also an editor in Ohio. He was appointed Secretary of Legation to Peru in 1855 ; and elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. As an author, he published a book of foreign travel called " The Buck eye Abroad," and on literary topics is an occasional lecturer. He was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the same Committee. He was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution, to serve until December, 1865, and a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" in 1864. On his retirement from Congress he settled in the City of New York, and in 1865 published a politi cal work entitled " Eight Years in Con gress." He was a Delegate, also, to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven tion" of 18G6. Coxe, William. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1813 to 1815; served in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the Assembly; and died in Burlington. Crabb, George W. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, Crabb, Jeremiah. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1795 to 1796. Cradlebauffh, J"o7m.He was born in Ohio, and elected a Delegate from the Territory of Nevada to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Crafts, Samuel C.lle was born in Windham County, Connecticut ; and grad uated at Harvard University in 1790. His father effected the settlement of Crafts- bury, Vermont, and upon the organization of the town, in 1792, Mr. Samuel C. Crafts was chosen Town Clerk, and held the office for thirty-seven successive years. He was the youngest Delegate to the Convention for revising the State Constitution in 1793. In 1796, 1800, 1801,1803, and 1805, he was elected a member of the House of Repre sentatives of the State. From 1796 to 1815 he was Register of Probate for Or leans District. In 1798 and 1799 he was Clerk of the House of Representatives. From 1809 to 1812, and from 18_>5 to 1827, he was a member of the Executive Coun cil, lu 1800 he was appointed a Judge of Orleans County Court, and remained such till 1816, during the last six years as Chief Judge. From 1825 to 1828 he was again Chief Judge, and from 1836 to 1838 Clerk of the Court. In 1816 he was elected Rep resentative in Congress, and served for that and the three succeeding terras, that is, from 1817 to 1825, inclusive. la BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1828 he was elected Governor of Vermont, and was re-elected in 1829 and 1830. In 1829 he was President of the Constitu tional Convention. In 1842 he was ap pointed by Governor Paine, and after wards elected by the Legislature, a Sena tor in Congress for the unexpirecl term of one year. He thus lilled every office in the gift of Vermont. He died in Crafts- bury, Vermont, November 19, 1853, aged eighty-four years. Cragin, Aaron JET. Born in Wes- tou, Vermont, February 3, 1821 ; adverse circumstances prevented him from obtain ing a collegiate education; but having studied law, came to the bar in Albany, New York, in 1847, and the same year re moved to Lebanon, New Hampshire, and practised his profession. He was a mem ber of the New Hampshire Legislature from 1852 to 1855 ; was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Printing. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the same Committees. In 1851) he was again elected a member of the State Legislature ; and in I860 was a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" which nominated Abraham Lincoln. In 18C4 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from New Hampshire, for the term of six years from 1865, serving on the Commit tees on Naval Affairs, Territories, the Pa cific Railroad, and Engrossed Bills ; and was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. He was subsequently made Chairman of the Com mittee on Contingent Expenses of the Senate. Craig, Hector He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1830. Craig, James. Born in Pennsylva nia ; is a lawyer by profession ; and was a member of the Missouri Legislature in 1847 ; was a Captain of a Volunteer Com pany in the Mexican war; Circuit Attor ney for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit in Missouri from 1852 to 1856; and was a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from Missouri, serving on the Com mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Craig, Robert. He was born in Vir ginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1841. Craige, Burton. Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, March 13, 1811; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1829 ; is a law yer by profession ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1832 and 1834 ; and 7 was elected to the Thirty-third, Thirty- fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serv ing as a member of the Judiciary Com mittee; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Confederate Congiess. CraiJc, William. He was a Repi e- sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1796 to 1801. Cramer ', John. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837 ; having been a Presidential Elector in 1805, elected to the State Con stitutional Convention in 1821, and having served three years in the Assembly and three years in the Senate of the State of New York. Crane, Joseph If. Born in Eliza- bethtown, New Jersey; studied law; was for many years President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1837 ; and died at Dayton, Ohio, November 12, 1852, aged seventy years. Crane, Stephen. He was a Dele gate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776. Cranston, Henry I". Born in New port, Rhode Island, October 9, 1789; re ceived a limited education ; worked at a trade for five years from the age of twelve, then commenced the business of commis sion merchant ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in three years. In 1818 he was elected Clerk of the Court of Com mon Pleas, and held the office until 1833 ; he was for twenty-five years annually elected Moderator for the town of New port ; was a member of the several Con ventions for framing and remodeling the State Constitution, and was Vice-President of the Convention in 1842. From 1827 to 1843 he was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature, aud was a Representa tive in Congress from 1843 to 1847, when he was returned to the Legislature, and was several times Speaker of that body, until 1854, after which time he lived in re tirement. Died at Newport, February ] 2, 1864. Cranston, Robert J3. He was born in Rhode Island, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1849. In 1864 he was a Presidential Elector. Crary, Isaac E. He was born in Preston, New London County, Connecti cut; received a good English education; adopted the profession of law, and re moved to the Territory of Michigan ; was there appointed a General of Militia ; was 98 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. elected a Delegate to Congress from the Territory in 1835 and 183G; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from the time of its admission into the Union in 1836 to 1841. He died in Marshall, Michigan, May 8, 1854. Cravens, James A. Born in Rock- ingham County, Virginia, November 4, 1818; removed with his father to Indiana in 1820; spent his boyhood in Washington County, where he received a common- school education, and devoted much of his life to agricultural pursuits, and especially to the raising of the best breeds of cattle. In 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. He served as a Major in the Mexican war un der General Taylor, and was present at the battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 and 1849 he Avas elected to the Legislature of Indi ana; in 1850 elected to the State Senate, serving three years ; in 1854 he was com missioned a Brigadier-General of Militia; frequently presided over the Board of School Trustees for his township; was Vice-President and President of the Wash ington and Orange Counties Agricultural Societies ; in 1859 he was appointed by the Legislature of Indiana to the important position of Agent for the State, which he resigned, and in 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thir ty-seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Territories. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Territories. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Cravens, James JET. He was born in Rockingham County, Virginia, in 1798 ; in early life removed to Indiana, and set tled in Ripley County ; held a number of important local offices in the State ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1841 to 1843. He was sub sequently a candidate of the Free-soil par ty for the office of Governor, but was un successful ; and he served as Colonel of an Indiana regiment during the war for the suppression of the Rebellion. Crawford, George IT. Born in Columbia County, Georgia, December 22, 1798. He graduated at Princeton in 1820 ; studied law, and commenced the practice at Augusta in 1822. In 1827 he was elect ed Attorney-General, and continued in that office until 1831 ; he was in the State Leg islature from 1837 to 1842; and in 1843 was elected to Congress to fill a vacancy. He was elected Governor of the State in 1843, and re-elected in 1845. He was a member of President Taylor's Cabinet as Secretary of War, and subsequently vis ited Europe, after which time he lived in retirement in Georgia. . Cratvford, Joe?. Born in Columbia County, Georgia, June 15, 1783. He was educated by private tutors ; became a stu dent of law, and was admitted to practice in 1808. In 1813 he joined the army of General Floyd, and served through the whole campaign as Aide-de-camp to the General. After the war he resumed the practice of his profession; served three years in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1817 to 1821. Died April 5, 1858. Crawford, Martin /".- He was born in Jasper County, Georgia, March 17, 1820; was educated at the Mercer University ; is a lawyer by profession, and was a member of the Georgia Legislature from 1845 to 1847. In 1853 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court for the Chattahoochee Circuit, and was elected a member of the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving in the last on the Committees on Ways and Means and Roads and Canals. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, still serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. Withdrew in 1861 and joined the great Rebellion of that year as a member of the Rebel Congress, and was a Commissioner to Washington. Crawford, Thomas -H. Born at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, November, 14, 1786. He graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1804 ; studied law for three years, and was admitted to the bar in 1807 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. During the last year named he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1836 he was ap pointed a Commissionerto investigate cer tain alleged frauds in the purchase of the reservation of land of the Creek Indians; in 1838 he was appointed by President Van Buren Commissioner of Indian Affairs, and took up his residence in Washington, hold ing that office for seven years ; and in 1845 he was appointed by President Polk, Judge of the Criminal Court of the District of Columbia, which arduous position he oc cupied until his death, which took place in Washington, January 27, 1863. Craivford, William. He graduated at Princeton College, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1817. Crawford, William JET. Born in Amherst County, Virginia, February 24, 1772, and with his father settled in Georgia in 1783. He received an academical edu cation, and subsequently had the manage ment of Richmond Academy. He studied law and took a high position as a lawyer, and in 1799 was appointed to prepare a Digest of the Laws of Georgia. A con spiracy having been organized to drive him from the bar, he was challenged by a man named Van Allen, whom he killed at the first fire. He served four years in BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 99 the State Legislature, and was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 1813, and during a part of the Twelfth Congress officiated as President pro tern. of the Senate. President Madison invited him into his cabinet as Secretary of War, but he declined the honor, accepting, in stead, the post of Minister to France, in 1813; on his return, however, at the end of two years, he went into the War De partment. In 1817 he was appointed by President Monroe, Secretary of the Treas ury, where he served with marked ability until 1825, during which year he received a flattering vote for President of the United States. In 1827 he was appointed Judge of the Northern Circuit of Georgia, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Albert County, Georgia, Sep tember 15, 1834. Creighton, William. Born iii Berkeley County, Virginia, October 29, 1778; graduated at Dickinson College when quite young; studied law and was admitted to the bar at the age of twenty ; and in 1798 he settled in Chillicothc, Ohio, devoting himself to his profession, and holding many positions of public trust. He was the first Secretary of State for Ohio ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1827 to 1833. Died at Chillicothe, October 8, 1851, having for many years previously declined all public office. Cresivell, John A. 7. Was born in Port Deposit, Cecil County, Maryland, November 18, 1828 ; graduated at Dickin son College, Pennsylvania, in 1848 ; stud ied law and came to the bar of Maryland in 1850. He was a member of the Mary land House of Delegates in 1861 and 1862. From August, 1862, to April, 1863, he was an Assistant Adjutant-General for Mary land, and was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Com merce and Invalid Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Conven tion of 1864. In March, 1865, he was chosen a Senator in Congress for the un- expired term of T. H. Hicks, deceased, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Mines and Mining, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. By re quest of the House of Representatives, he delivered an Eulogy on his friend and colleague Henry Winter Davis, on the 22d of February, 1866. He was also a Dele gate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Con vention," of 1866 and the " Border States Convention," held in Baltimore in 1867. Crisfield, John W. Was born in Kent County, Maryland, November 6, 1808 ; received his education at Washing- *on College, Chestertown; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; set tled in the practice of his profession, in Somerset County; was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1836; he was a Representative in Congress, from Mary- laud, from 1847 to 1849 ; in 1850 he was a Delegate to the State Constitutional Con vention ; in 1S61 he was a Delegate to the Peace Congress ; and was elected a Rep resentative from Maryland, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Public Lands, and on Public Expenditures. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention," of 1866. Crittenden, John J. He was born, in Woodford County, Kentucky, in Sep tember, 1786. When quite young he en tered the army, and during the war of 1812 served as Major under General Hop kins, in his expedition, and was Aide-de camp to Governor Shelby, at the battle of the Thames. After adopting the pro fession of law, he served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was chosen Speaker of the House ; he entered Con gress as a member of the Senate, from Kentucky, in 1817, serving then but two years. From 1819 to 1835 he continued in the practice of his profession, residing principally at Frankfort, and a;>ain occa sionally representing his county in the State Legislature. In 1835 he was again elected to the United States Senate, and continued to serve in that body until March, 1841, when he was appointed At torney-General by President Harrison. In September, 1841, he resigned with the other members of the cabinet, except Mr. Webster, and retired to private life, from which, however, he was soon called by the Legislature to resume his seat in the United States Senate, in 1842, in the place of Henry Clay, resigned. He was also elected a Senator for another term of six years, from March, 1843; but, in 1848, having received the Whig nomination for Governor of Kentucky, he retired from the Senate, and was elected to that office, which he held until his appointment as Attorney-General by President Fillmore, in July, 1850. He was again elected to the United States Senate in 1855, for the term ending in 1861, and was, when he re tired, the oldest member of that body. He was elected in 1860 a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving, as he had always done in the Sen ate, on the more important committees, and a Compromise measure which he originated has passed into history bearing his name. Died at Louisville, Kentucky, July 25, 1863. Crocheron, Henr /. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817. Crocheron, Jacob. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, 100 BIOaEAPHICAL BECOKDS. from 1829 to 1831. In 1837 lie was a Presidential Elector. CrocJcer, Samuel L. Was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, March 31, 1804; graduated at Brown University in 1822 ; held various municipal oilices ; and iu 1849 was elected a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts; was devoted to the manufacturing business; and was a Eepresentative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-third Congress. CrocJcett, David. Born in Greene County, Tennessee, August 17, 178G, of Irish descent, his father having fought in the 'Revolutionary war. He commenced the active duties of life when twelve years old, by turning drover, and, instead of go ing to school, he chose the fortunes of an adventurer. lie served under General Jackson, in some of the Indian wars, as a Colonel, and became his fast friend. He had a natural bias for politics, and his smartness and eccentricities made him very popular on the frontiers, and caused him to be elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. He was fond of the woods, and had no equal as a bear-hunter. He was elected to Congress, in 1827, from Tennessee, and served until 1831, and then again in 1833, serving until 1835. While in Washington he was always at his post of duty, never forgetting the welfare of his constituents, and he was one of the most popular men in Congress. The most striking features of his disposition and mind were, undoubtedly, of a whim sical character; but behind these there was much to command respect and admira tion. He told stories or related his wild adventures with wonderful effect. He was killed at the Alamo, Texas, March 1, 1836. In 1833 he published a ' Tour to the North and Down East," and in 1847 ap peared a volume about him, entitled " Sketches and Eccentricities." CrocJzett, John W. He was the son of the celebrated David Crockett, a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1838 to 1843, and died at Memphis, November 24, 1852. Cross, Edward. He was born in Tennessee, and, on taking up his resi dence in Arkansas, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1839 to 1845. Crouch, Edward. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1813 to 1815. Crowell, John. Born in Halifax County, Alabama; was chosen Delegate to Congress when the Territory of Ala bama was established in 1817, and served till 1819, when the State Constitution was formed, -and he was elected first Repre sentative to Congress, serving till 1821, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Soon afterwards he was appointed Agent for the Creek Indians, then inhabiting large portions of Alabama and Georgia, and exercised ex tensive influence over them, until their removal west of the Mississippi, in 1836. He died near Fort Mitchell, Alabama, June 25, 184G. Crowell, John. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Indian Alfairs. Crowninshield, Benjamin W. Born in Essex County, Massachusetts, iu 1774. He filled with general acceptance the office of Secretary of the Navy, to which he was appointed in December, 1814. by President Madison, and served until his resignation, in November, 1818. In 1820 he was also a Presidential Elector. In 1823 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from the Salem District of Massachusetts, and continued in that po sition until 1831. He died in Boston, February 8, 1851. Crowninshield, Jacob. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1801, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1805, and appointed Secretary of the Navy, by President Jefferson, March 3, 1805. Died April 14, 1808. Crozier, John H. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending iu 1849. Crudup, Josiah. He was born in Wake County, North Carolina ; a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1821 to 1823, and was a member of the Committee on Private Claims. Cruger, Daniel. He was a member of the New York Assembly a number of years, and a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819. Crump, George William. Born in Powhatan Count}', Virginia ; graduated at Princeton College ; studied medicine and practised the profession; was a member of the Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress from Virginia, from 1826 to 1827, in the place of John Randolph, resigned. From 1832 to the time of his death in 1850 he was Chief .Clerk of the Pension Bureau in Washing ton. CulbretJi, Thomas, Born in Kent BIOGEAPHICAL RECORDS. 101 County 5 Delaware, and was a Representa tive iu Congress, from Maryland, from 1817 to 1821. Cullen, Elislia D. He was born in Delaware, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Cullom, Alvan. He was a native of Kentucky ; adopted the law as his profes sion; served frequently in the Legislature of Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1847. He was a Delegate to the Peace Congress of 1861. Cullom, Shelby M. He was born in Kentucky, November 22, 1829 ; adopted the profession of law; on removing to Illinois he was elected to the State Legis lature in 1856 ; re-elected in I860, and chosen Speaker; was a member of the War Commission which sat in Cairo in 1862 ; and in 1864 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Illinois, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Foreign Affairs and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. Cullom, William. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1851 to 1855, and Clerk of the House of Representatives during the Thirty- fourth Congress. Culpepper, John. He was born in Ansou County, North Carolina, and rep resented that State in Congress from 1807 to 1808, when his seat was vacated by res olution of the House; but he was re- elected, and served from 1813 to 1817, from 18 11) to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825. He was a Baptist preacher, and elected to the General Assembly ; but his seat was vacated on constitutional grounds. Culver, Charles Vernon. He was born in Logan, Ohio, September 6, 1830; spent the most of his life actively engaged in business pursuits, and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency and Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. Having been unfortunate in busi ness lie was prosecuted in 1866 for alleged illegal practices, but after a prolonged trial was duly acquitted of the charges brought against him. Culver, Erastus D. lie was born in New York; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1826 ; served in the Assem bly of New York in 1838 and 1841, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Cumbacfc, William. lie was born in Franklin County, Indiana, March 24, 1829 ; was educated at the Miami Univer sity, Ohio; taught school for one or two years ; attended the Law School at Cin cinnati, and adopted the legal profession; and he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, in the Thirty-fourth Congress. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1861, and during that year was appointed an Additional Paymaster in the army. Cumming, Thomas W. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855. Cumming, William. He was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress in 1784. Cummins, John D. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive, from Ohio, during the Thirtieth Congress. He died of cholera at Milwau- kie, Wisconsin, September 11, 1848. Cunningham, Francis A. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1845 to 1847. Curry, Jdbez L. M. Born in Lin coln County, Georgia, June 5, 1825, and removed with his father, in 1838, to Tal- ladega County, Alabama, where he has since resided ; he graduated at the Uni versity of Georgia in 1843, and at the Dane Law School, Harvard University, in 1845, and practised law with success in Alabama. In 1846 he joined the Texas Rangers for the Mexican war, but soon returned on account of ill health. He was a member of the lower branch of the Legislature of Alabama iu 1847, 1853, and 1855 ; a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; and in 1857 was elected a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Expenditures in the State Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Af fairs. Withdrew in 1861, and took part in the Rebellion of that year as a member of the Rebel Congress. After the close of the Rebellion he was ordained a Preacher of the Gospel in the Baptist church. In 1865 he was appointed Pres ident of Howard College, in Alabama. Curtis, Carlton JS. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1851 to 1855. Curtis, Edward. Born in Vermont ; graduated at Union College, New York, and practised law in New York City. He took a prominent part in the councils of that citv, aud was a Reoresentative in 102 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOKDS. Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841. He was appointed Collector of New York by President Harrison, and removed by President Polk. He was an intimate friend of Daniel Webster. Curtis, Samuel _R. Born in Ohio (while his parents were emigrating to the West from Connecticut), February 3, 1807. He graduated at the West Point Academy in 1831, and was appointed a Lieutenant in the United States Infantry, but resigned in 1832. He studied and pursued the profession of law in Ohio; was subsequently an engineer in Ohio and Iowa; from 1837 to 1840 Chief Engineer of the Muskingum Works; during the Mexican war he served as an Adjutant- General in mustering the State troops; lie went to Mexico as a Colonel under General Taylor, and acted for a time as Governor of Matamoras, Camargo, Mon terey, and Saltillo, performing much im portant service ; on his return from Mex ico he practised law for a time, but was called to Iowa and Missouri to perform important labors as an engineer, in im provements of harbors and the building of railroads ; and having finally settled at Keokuk, in Iowa, he was elected from that State a member of the House in the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was also re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Af fairs, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was also a Delegate to the Peace Con gress in 18G1. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, but resigned, in 1861, to serve as a Brigadier and Major General in the Union Army during the Rebellion. He was subsequently appointed a Com missioner to inspect the Union Pacific Railroad. Died at Council Bluffs, Iowa, December 25, 1866. Gushing, Caleb. Was born in Salis bury, Essex County, Massachusetts, Jan uary 17, 1800. He graduated at Harvard College in 1817, and was subsequently a tutor there of mathematics and natural philosophy; studied law at Cambridge, and settled in Newburyport to practise, Laving come to the bar in 1822. In 1825 and 1826 he served in the State Legisla ture, and in 1829 visited Europe for pleas ure, publishing, on his return, " Remi niscences of Spain," and "Review of the Revolution in France." He also wrote for the "North American Review." In 1833 and 1834 he was again elected to the Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1843. He was ap pointed, by President Tyler, Commissioner to China, and as such negotiated an im portant treaty. In 1846 he was again elected to the Legislature. In 1847 he was chosen Colonel of the Massachusetts Reg iment of Volunteers for the Mexican war, and was afterwards appointed Brigadier- General by President Polk. In 1850 he was for the fifth time elected to the Legisla ture, and in 1851 was made a Justice of the Supreme Court of the State. When President Pierce came into power, he in vited General Gushing into his cabinet, as Attorney-General ; and on his return home he was again re-elected to the Leg islature of his native State. In office, or out of it, he has the reputation of being a hard student, and his success as a law yer is unquestioned. In 1860 he was elected President of the Charleston Con vention to nominate a President. In July, 1866, he was appointed by President Johnson one of three to revise and cod ify the laws of the United States, under a late law of Congress. Gushing, Thomas. He was born in 1728 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1744; was early a Representative in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and Speaker of the House; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1774 to 1776; a member of the Governor's Council, and subsequently elected Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and, while holding that office, he died, in 1788. Received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard College. Cushman, John Paine. He was born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1784, and graduated at Yale College, in 1807. He studied law and removed to Troy, New York, where he practised his profession. He served in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819, and in 1838 was ap pointed Judge of the Circuit Court, hav ing previously been Recorder of the City of Troy, and one of the Regents of the State University. Died in Troy, New York, September 16, 1848. He was a man of eminence in his profession, and dis charged with ability the various offices with which he was intrusted. Cushnnan, Joshua. He was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts ; graduated at Cambridge in 1787 ; studied divinity; was a Representative in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1819 to 1821 ; and repre sented Maine, in Congress, from 1821 to 1825, after its separation from Massachu setts. He was also a State Senator in 1809, 1810, 1819, and 1820, and a member of the Assembly in 1811, and 1834, when he died. Cushman, Samuel. Born in 1783 ; was Judge of the Police Court of Ports mouth, New Hampshire, and held several offices of trust in the State ; such as Coun cillor, from 1833 to 1835 ; County Treas urer, from 1823 to 1828 ; and Navy Agent at Portsmouth, from 1845 to 1849. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1835 to 1839, and died in Portsmouth, May 20, 1851. Cuthbertj Alfred. Born in Savaa- BIOGRAPHICAL KECORDS. 103 nah, Georgia; lie graduated at Princeton College in 1803 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1814 to 1817; again, from 1821 to 1827, and a Senator of the United States, from 1837 to 1843. Died in 185G. Cutlibert, John A. He was born in Savannah, Georgia; graduated at Prince ton College in 1805 ; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from his native State, from 1819 to 1821, and was appointed by the President, in 1822, a Commissioner to treat with the Creek and Cherokee In dians. Cutler, Manasseh.He was born in Killingly, Connecticut, in 1742, and graduated at Yale College in 1765 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1767 ; removed to Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1769; studied for the ministry, and was ordained in 1771 ; and was settled as pastor of a church in Hamilton, Massachusetts, September 11, 1771. He distinguished him self by his attention to several branches of natural history, particularly by making the first essay toward a scientific description of the plants of New England ; an account of several hundred of which, communi cated by him, was published by the Amer ican Academy, of which he was a member, and the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard College. He was one of the first scientific explorers of the White Mountains. In 1787 he organized an expedition for the North-west Terri tory, and in 1788, with General Rufus Put nam, commenced a settlement at Mariet ta, on the Muskingum, Ohio. In 1790 he returned with his family to New England, served a number of years in the Legisla ture, and was pastor of the church at Hamilton, Massachusetts, until his death. In 1800 he was elected to a seat in Con gress, and retained it till 1804, when he declined any further political employment, from its interference with his professional duties. He died July 28, 1823. Cutler, William P. Born near Ma rietta, Ohio, July 12, 1813; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1844, 1845, and 1846, officiating as Speaker of the House during the last term ; he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1850; from that period until elected to Congress he was President of the Marietta and Cin cinnati Railroad Company; and he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and on Invalid Pensions. Cutting, Francis B. He was born in New York ; was liberally educated, and adopted the profession of law; in 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the Legisla ture of New York, from the City of New York ; and was a Representative iu Con gress, from his native State, from 1853 to 1855. Cutls, Charles. Born in Massachu setts in 1769; entered Harvard College in 1786; graduated in 1790; studied law with Judge Pickering; was elected a member of the Legislature in 1804, and then Speaker of the House; was sent to the United States Senate in 1810, from New Hampshire, and served till 1813; and chosen Secretary of the Senate, from 1814 to 1825. By appointment, he entered the Senate, for a second term, in 1813, but re signed in June of that year. He died in Virginia, in 1846. Cutts, Richard. Born June 22, 1771, at Cutts Island, Saco, in the Province or District of Maine, then constituting a part of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and received his early education at Har vard University, at which institution he graduated in 1790, and in the twentieth year of his age. He studied law; was ex tensively engaged in commerce, and took an active part iu politics. He visited Europe, and, on his return, after serving two successive years as a member of the General Court of Massachusetts, he was, at the age of twenty-nine, in 1800, elected a member of the House of Representatives of the United States. He took his seat iu the House, December 7, 1801, and through six successive Congresses, constantly sus tained by the continued confidence of his constituents, he gave a firm support to President Jefferson's adminstration, and to that of his successor, President Madison, until the close of his first term, March 3, 1813, having patriotically sustained, by his votes, non-importation, non-intercourse, the embargo, and finally war, as measures called for by the honor and interest of the nation, although ruinous to his private fortune. On the 3d of June, of that year, he was appointed Superintendent General of Military Supplies, an office created by the act of March 3, 1813, the functions of which were required only during the con tinuance of the war. The office was ac cordingly abolished by the act of March 3, 1817, to provide for the prompt settlement of public accounts. By the same act the office of Second Comptroller of the Treas ury was created, to which Mr. Cutts was immediately appointed by President James Monroe, and which he held until 1829 ; after which he resided in the City of Washington, iu the retirement of private life, until his death, April 7, 1845. Daggett, David, Born in Attlebor- ough, Massachusetts, December 31, 1764; graduated at Yale College in 1783, and was Professor of Law in that institution for many years, and subsequently received the degree of LL.D. from that institution. He was State's Attorney and Mayor of New Haven, and frequently a member of the 104 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOItDS. Legislature, and member of the Council ; and also served as a Presidential Elector on several occasions. From 1813 to 1819 he was a Senator in Congress, from Con necticut ; from 182(3 to 1832 he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and was Chief Judge from 1832 to 1834, when he attained the age of seventy years. He died April 12, 1851. Daily, Samuel 6?. He was born in Indiana in 1819; was elected a Delegate, fror". yje Territory of Nebraska, to the Tnirty-seventh Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He was subsequently appointed a Deputy Collect or in New Orleans, where he died Septem ber 14, 18G5. Dallas, George Mifllin.lle was born July 10, 1792, in the City of Philadel phia, where he received his early educa tion. He graduated at Princeton College in 1810; commenced the study of law in his father's ofllce in Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar in 1813. In the same year he accompanied Mr. Gallatin to Rus sia as his private secretary, when that gentleman was appointed a member of the Commission to negotiate a peace under the jnediation of Alexander. During his ab sence, he visited Russia, France, England, Holland, and the Netherlands. He re- tui'ued to the United States in 1814, and, after assisting his father for a time in his duties as Secretary of the Treasury, he commenced the practice of his profession at Philadelphia. In 1817 he was ap pointed the deputy of the Attorney-Gen eral of Philadelphia, and soon won a high reputation as a criminal lawyer. He took an active part in politics, and in 1825 he was elected Mayor of Philadelphia, and on the accession of General Jackson, in 1829, he was appointed to the office of District Attorney, the same office which had been held by his father. This post he held until 1831, when a vacancy having occurred in the representation from Penn sylvania in the United States Senate, Mr. Dallas was chosen to fill it. He took an 'ictive part in the debates of the stormy session of 1832-'33. On the expiration of his term of office in 1833, he declined a re election, and resumed the practice of his profession. In 1337 he was appointed, by President Van Buren, Ambassador to Rus sia, and remained in that country until October, 1839, when he returned home, and once more devoted himself to the practice of law. In 1844 lie was elected Vice-Presideut of the United States, and entered upon the duties of his office in March of the following year. His term of office expired in March, 1849, when he was succeeded by Mr. Fillmore. He was appointed, by President Pierce, in 185G, to succeed Mr. Buchanan as Minister at the Court of Saint James, in which position he was retained by Mr. Buchanan, when he became President. Died in Philadel phia, December 31, 1864. Dalton, Tristam. Was born in that portion of Newbury, Massachusetts, now Newburyport, in 1743, and at the early age of seventeen graduated at Harvard University. He studied law as an accom plishment, the fortune which he inherited from his father not requiring him to prac tise it as a profession, and he took a deep interest in the cultivation of a large landed estate, in what is now the town of West Newbury. Washington, John Adams, Louis Philippe, Talleyrand, and other distinguished guests partook of his hospitalities. As eminent for piety as he was for mental endowments, the Episco pal Church, of which he was a warden, shared in his generous liberality; and he was also noted for the affectionate interest which he took in the welfare of his ser vants, both black and white. He was a Representative, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a Senator in the Legislature of Massachusetts, and a Sen ator of the United States in the First Con gress after the adoption of the Federal Constitution. When Washington City was founded, Mr. Dalton invested his en tire fortune in lands there, and lost it by the mismanagement of a business agent. At the same time a vessel, which was freighted with his furniture and valuable library, was lost on her voyage from New buryport to Washington, and he thus found himself, after having lived sixty years in affluence, penniless. Several offices of profit and honor were immedi ately tendered him by the government, and he accepted the Surveyorship of Bos ton. He died in Boston, in June, 1817, and his remains were taken to Newbury port, where they were iutei'red in the burial-ground of St. Paul's Church. Dainrell, William S. Born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, November 20, 1809 ; never had the privilege of even a common-school education ; was by trade a printer; and was elected a Represent ative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty- fourth Congress, where he served on the Committee on Engraving, and to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Died at Boston, May 17, 1860. Dana, Ainasa.TLe was a member of the New York Assembly in 1828 and 1829, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. Dana, Francis. He was born in 1743; graduated at Harvard College in 1762 ; and, after studying law, resided a year in England. He was a Delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1779 and in 1784; EIOGKAPHICAL EECOEDS. 105 signed the Articles of Confederation ; was Secretary of Legation at Paris under John Adams ; was appointed Minister to Rus- sia, but not officially received; was Chief Justice of the State from 1792 to 1806, when he resigned; and he died in 1811. Dana, J~udah. Born in Massachu setts in 1772; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1795 ; commenced the practise of law in Fryeburg; was Attorney for Oxford County for six years; Judge of Probate for twenty years ; Judge of the Common Pleas for nine years ; one of the Committee which drafted the Constitu tion of Maine ; a member of the Execu tive Council of the State in 1834 ; and, by appointment of the Governor, was a Sen ator in Congress, from Maine, during the years 1836 and 1837. He died at Frye- burg, Maine, December 27, 1845. Dana, Samuel. He was a respecta ble lawyer and a Judge, and during the years 1814 and 1815 a Representative in Congress from Massachusetts, in place of W. M. Richardson, resigned. Ho died at Charleston in November, 1835, in the sixtieth year of his age. Dana, Samuel IT. He was born in Connecticut in 1747, and died July 21, 1830. He graduated at Yale College in 1775, and was a Senator in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1810 to 1821. Dane, Joseph. He was born in Bev erly, Essex County, Massachusetts, Octo ber 25, 1778, and graduated at Harvard University in 1799. He adopted the pro fession of law, and removing to Kenne- bunk, Maine, was a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1816 and 1819; in 1820 he was elected to Congress for the unexpired term of J. Homes ; and from 1821 to 1823 he represented the York District of Maine in Congress, when he resigned ; was subsequently in the Leg islature as a member of the House for six years, and was a member of the Senate in 1829. He was chosen a member of the Executive Council of Massachusetts in 1817, and to a similar station in Maine in 1841 ; but he declined both offices. He settled in Kentucky early in the present century, where he died May 1, 1858. Dane, Nathan. Born at Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1752; graduated at Har vard College in 1778; was a Delegate, from Massachusetts, to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1788; was the framer of the celebrated ordinance passed by Congress in 1787; and, though devoted to the practice of law, found time to pre pare a Digest of American Law in nine volumes. He established a Professorship of Law in Harvard University; and after he had attained his seventieth year, he was in the habit of spending fourteen hours of each day engaged in reading and writing. Died at Beverly, Massachusetts, February 15, 1834. He received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D. Daniel, Henry. He was born in 1793, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1833, where he had a famous encounter with Tristam Burgess. Daniel, John R. J". Born in Halifax County, North Carolina ; graduated at the University of that State in 1821 ; studied law, and practised it with success. He served for several years in the General Assembly, and was elected Attorney-Gen eral of the State; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1841 to 1853, serving through several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Danner, W. Z. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1850 to 1851. Darby, Ezra. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1804 to 1808, when he resigned. Died January 28, 1808. Darby, Jolin Fletcher* Born in Person County, North Carolina, Decem ber 10, 1803. In 1818 he removed with his father to Missouri, and settled in St. Louis County, where, until 1823, he worked on a farm, pursuing his studies under many difficulties, having previously received a good English education in his native town. After the death of his par ents, in 1825 he applied for an appoint ment at West Point, but being unsuccess ful, sold out his father's estate, and went to Frankfort, Kentucky, and studied law. In May, 1827, having a license to practise from the Supreme Court of Kentucky, he returned to Missouri and commenced his professional life. He was four times chosen Mayor of the City of St. Louis, and once a member of the State Senate, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1853, from that State. Daryan, Edward . He was born in North Carolina, removed in early youth to Alabama, where he subsequently taught school and studied law. In 1844 he was elected Mayor of Mobile ; from 1845 to 1847 he was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama; and during the latter year was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Alabama. Darling, Mason C. Born in Bel- lingham, Massachusetts, May 18, 1801; received a common-school education; commenced active life as a school-teacher in New York; and having studied med icine, graduated at the Berkshire Medical 106 EIOaBAPHICAL KECOEDS. Institution of Massachusetts in 1824. He practised his profession for thirteen years, when he removed to Wisconsin, and aided in establishing the towns of Sheboygan and Fond du Lac. The principal offices held by him in Wisconsin were those of Judge of Probate, Mayor of Fond du Lac, a member for several years of the Terri torial Legislature, and a Representative in Congress, from the State of Wisconsin, from 1847 to 1849. Darling, William A. He was born in Newark, New Jersey, December 17, 1817, but shortly afterwards settled in New York City; received a commercial education, and, as clerk and proprietor, was devoted to the wholesale business ; in 1838 he was a director of the Mercantile Library Association ; was for eleven years a member, as officer and private, of the Seventh Regiment, National Guard ; from 1847 to 1854 he was Deputy Receiver of Taxes for New York; from 1854 to 1865 was President of a railroad company in New York; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in 1863 and 1864 lie was President of the Union and Republican organization of New York City ; and in the latter year he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Af fairs, ^Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and the War Debts of Loyal States ; and also as Chairman of the Com mittee on Revenue Frauds. Darlington, Edward. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1839. Darlington, Isaac. Born in West- town, Chester County, Pennsylvania, De cember 13, 1781, and died April 27, 1839. He was brought up to hard labor, partly on a farm, and in the shop of his father, a worthy blacksmith, and was a Quaker in religion. He educated himself, taught school, studied law, and was successful as a practitioner. In 1807 he was elected to the State Legislature ; served as a volun teer Lieutenant in the last war with Eng land; and was a member of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1817 to ISlt); declining a re-election. In 1820 he was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for Chester County, and in 1821 was appoint ed President Judge of the County Court, which he held until his death. Darlington, William. Born in Birmingham, Chester County, Pennsylva nia, April 28, 1782. He was brought up on a farm until eighteen years old, trained in the religion of George Fox, and when young had but a limited education. He studied medicine, and in 1804 graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. In 1806 he was disowned by the Society of Friends for accepting the appointment of Surgeon to a military regiment. In 1807 he went to India as Surgeon of a merchant ship; in 1811 and 1812 he assisted in es tablishing the West Chester Academy, Pennsylvania, of which he was long a Trustee and the Secretary; in 1813 he prepared a catalogue of plants of his native county; in 1814 he took part in es tablishing the Bank of West Chester, and was its President. When Washington City was attacked by the British, he went to camp as a volunteer ; and he was a mem ber of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1823. He was also a member of the " American Philosophical Society ;" was a Canal Com missioner in 1825. In 1826 he aided in forming a Natural History Society in West Chester, and was elected President of the same ; and on account of his devo tion to science, and his scientific learning, a number of rare plants were named after him by leading naturalists of Switzerland and America. He also held the office of Clerk of the Court of Chester County; aided in founding and was President of the "West Chester Medical Society;" was President of a railway company ; in 1847 he was robbed of $50,000 belonging to the bank of which he was President ; his publications on botany and kindred subjects are quite numerous; in 1848 he received from Yale College the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1855 that of Doc tor of Physical Science from Dickinson College ; and he was elected a mem ber of some forty learned societies in America and Europe. Died in 1863. Darragh, Cornelius. He was born in Pennsylvania, and a Repre sentative in Congress from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Died in January, 1855. Davee, Thomas. Born in Plym outh, Massachusetts, December 9, 1797; removed to 'Maine, and was bred a mer chant ; served six years in the two Houses of the Maine Legislature ; served a second term in the State Assembly, and was chosen Speaker ; he was also High Sher iff of Somerset County, and a Repre sentative in Congress frem 1837 to 1841. He was also for many years a Postmaster in Maine, and at the time of his death was a Senator elect of the State Legislature. He died, supported by the hopes of the Christian, December 9, 1841. Davenport, Franklin. He was a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1798 to 1799, but was superseded by J. Schureman, and was a Representative in Congress from 1799 to 1801. Davenport, James. He was a graduate of Yale College in 1777, and was a Representative in Congress, from Con- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 107 necticut, from 1796 to 1797, in which year he died. Davenport, John. lie was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1770; was a tutor in that College in 1773-'74 ; and a llepresentative in Con gress, from Connecticut, from 1799 to 1817. lie died in 1830. Davenport, John. lie was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1827 to 1829. Davenport, Thomas. He was born in Cumberland County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1825 to 1835, and died in Halifax County iu November, 1838. Davidson, Thomas ?. Born in Jefferson County, Mississippi, August 6, 1805 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1827 ; in 1833 was Register of the Land Office at Greensburg, Louisiana ; was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1833, where he served, from dif ferent parishes, some thirteen years; and he was elected a Representative in Con gress from Louisiana in 1855 ; re-elected in 1857, and was Chairman of the Com mittee on Enrolled Bills, and member of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, but withdrew in February, 1861. Davidson, William. He was a native of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, having been born September 12, 1778 ; represented that County in the State Legislature as a Senator in 1813, 1815, 1816, and 1817; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1818 to 1821. He served again in the State Senate in 1827, 1828, and 1829. He died in Charlotte, Meck lenburg County, September 16, 1857, from injuries which he received by being thrown from his carriage while taking a drive with a fractious horse. Though leading the quiet life of a planter, he was a man of great influence and usefulness. Davies, Edward. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Davis, Amos. He represented Ken tucky in Congress, from 1833 to 1835, and died in Owingsville, Kentucky, June 5, 1835. Davis, Garret. He was born at Mount Stirling, Kentucky, September 10, 1801 ; received an English and classical education; while yet a boy, he was em ployed as a writer in the County and Circuit Courts of his district; studied law and came to the bar in 1823. In 1833 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was twice re-elected; in 1839 he was a member of the State Constitutional Con vention ; from 1839 to 1847 he was a Rep resentative in Congress from Kentucky, and declined a re-election; and, though always actively engaged in the practice of his profession, he has ever devoted much attention to the pursuits of agri culture. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Kentucky for the term ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Foreign Relations, on Territories, Claims, and Pensions. From early man hood until the death of Henry Clay he was one of the most intimate personal and political friends of that statesman. In 1864 he was appointed a Regent of the Smith sonian Institution, and in 1866 he was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott. In January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873. Davis, George T. He was born in Sandwich, Massachusetts, January 12, 1810; graduated at Harvard College in 1829; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; was elected to the Senate of Massachusetts in 1839 and 1810 ; and was Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1851 to 1853. Davis, Henry Winter. Was born in Annapolis, Maryland, August 1G, 1817; graduated at Kenyon College in 1837. In 1839 he entered the University of Virginia and went through a course of studies at that institution; he then settled in the practice of law at Alexandria, Virginia; in 1850 he settled iu Baltimore, Maryland, and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fourth, Thirty- fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, and also elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and on the Special Committee on the Rebellious States. In 1864 he was appointed a Re gent of the Smithsonian Institution, and from Hampden Sidney College he received the degree of LL.D. He was a man of superior power as an orator, and as an author he published, in 1852, a book en titled " The War of Ormuzd and Ahrinam in the Nineteenth Century." Died in Baltimore, December 20, 1865; and by a resolution of the National House of Rep resentatives a eulogy was pronounced upon him on the 22d of February, 1866, by his friend and late colleague, Senator John A. J. Creswell. This is said to have been the only occasion when a pri vate citizen was thus honored by Con gress. In 1867. his collected speeches were published under the editorship of his friend Creswell. 108 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Davis, Jefferson. He was born in Christian County, Kentucky, June 3, 1803, but his father removed to Mississippi in his infancy. He commenced his education at the Transylvania University, Kentucky, but left it for the West Point Academy, where he graduated in 1823. He followed the fortunes of a soldier until 1835, when he became a planter. He was a cadet from 1824 to 1828 ; Second Lieutenant of Infantry from 1828 to 1833; First Lieu tenant of Dragoons from 1833 to 1835; serving in various campaigns against the Indians; was Adjutant of Dragoons, and at different times served in the Quarter master's Department ; in 1844 was a Pres idential Elector; in 1845 was elected a Representative in Congress from Mis sissippi for one term, but resigned in 1846 to become Colonel of a Volunteer regi ment to serve in Mexico ; in Mexico he received the appointment of Brigadier- General; in 1847 was appointed a Sen ator of Congress, to fill a vacancy, and was elected for the term ending in 1851, but resigned in 1850; was re-elected for a term of six years, but resigned; was appointed Secretary of War by President Pierce, serving throughout his administra tion ; and in 1857 again took his seat in the United States Senate for the term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, and a member of those on Public Buildings and Grounds and on Printing. In February, 1861, he withdrew from the Senate, be came identified with the Great Rebellion, and was elected President of the so-called " Southern Confederacy." He was subse quently confined as a prisoner of state in Fortress Monroe, and after remaining in that stronghold as a prisoner for two years, he was, in 1867, released on bail, and went to Canada. Davis, John. Born in North- borough, Massachusetts, January 13, 1787 ; graduated at Yale College in 1812; adopt ed the profession of law ; admitted to the bar in 1815; was a Representative in Con gress from 1825 to 1834; Governor of Massachusetts during the years 1834 and 1835, and 1841 and 1842; a Senator in Congress from 1835 to 1841, and again from 1845 to 1853, always serving on im portant committees and exerting much influence. On account of his many popu lar qualities, he was called " Honest John Davis." He died suddenly, at Worcester. April 19, 1854. Davis, John. He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Davis, John G. Born in Fleming County, Kentucky, October 10, 1810. His education was obtained at a country school, where, during the winter months, he studied the rudiments of reading, writ ing and arithmetic. lie was bred to the occupation of a farmer; was elected Sheriff of Parke County, Indiana, and re signed in 1832. He was Clerk of the Su perior and Inferior Courts of that county from 1833 to 1851, and was a Representa tive, from Indiana, in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands, and also served on the Com mittee to Examine into the accounts of the late Clerk of the House, William Cul- lom. He was also re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Lands. Died at Terre Haute, Indiana, January 18, 1866. Davis, John IF. He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1799 ; after completing his medical studies in Balti more, in 1821, at the Medical College, he emigrated in 1823 to Indiana. He served first, in 1829, as a Surrogate, and then in the Legislature of that State, and was Speaker of the lower branch, both before and after his services in Congress, namely, in 1832 and 1841 ; and was also a Commis sioner to make a treaty with the Indians. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1835 to 1837, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1847, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and Avas Speaker of the House of Representatives during the Twenty-ninth Congress. He was, in 1848, appointed Minister to China, and, subse quently, held the position of Governor of Oregon Territory. He was also President of the Baltimore Convention, which nom inated Franklin Pierce for President, in 1852. Died at Carlisle, Indiana, August 22, 1859. Davis, Reuben. Born in Tennessee, January 18, 1813. He was self-educated, owing to the limited means of his father. He studied and practised medicine for a few years, and afterwards pursued the law as a profession. In 1835 he was chosen District Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District of Mississippi. In 1837 he was re-elected to the same office ; served four months, in 1842, on the bench of the High Court of Errors and Appeals ; was in the Mexican war as Colonel Commandant of the Mississippi Rifles, but resigned on ac count of sickness, and was in no battle ; was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature from 1855 to 1857; and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Expendi tures in the Navy Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress and was a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three. Joined the Rebellion in 1861. Davis, Richard D. He was born in New York, graduated at Yale College BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 109 in 1818, and was a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1841 to 1845. Davis, Roger. He was a Represent- ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1815. Davis, Samuel. He was born in Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815. In 1803, from 1808 to 1812, and in 1815 and 1816, he was a member of the State Legislature. Davis, Samuel B. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1853 to 1855. Davis, Thomas. He was born in Ireland, and having emigrated to Rhode Island, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. Davis, Thomas T. He was a Rep- lesentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1797 to 1803, and was appointed in that year Judge in the Territory of In diana. Davis, Thomas T. Was born in Mkldlebury, Addison County, Vermont, August 22, 1810; graduated at Hamilton College, New York, in 1831 ; studied law in Syracuse, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. As a public man, his time has been chiefly devoted to business connect ed with railroads, with various kinds of manufacturing, and with the mining of coal ; and in 1862 he was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Davis, Timothy. He was born in Newark, New Jersey, in March, 1794; re ceived a common-school education; re moved to Kentucky in 1816, and was there admitted to the bar in 1817; spent twenty years of his life in Missouri ; and, having removed to Iowa, was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Davis, Timothy. He was born in Gloucester, Massachusetts, April 12, 1821 ; was educated at a district school, which he did not attend after reaching the age of twelve years; spent two years in a printing-office ; lived a number of years in Boston as a clerk and as a merchant ; in 1854, by an unusually large majority, he was elected a Representative in Con gress, from his native district; was re- elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and served as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was appointed by Pres ident Lincoln to a place in the Boston Custom House in 1861. Davis, Warren It. He was born in South Carolina ; graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1810; adopted the profession of law ; came to the bar in 1814; was appointed Solicitor for South Carolina in 1818 ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1825 to 1835, and died in Washing ton, District of Columbia, January 29, 1835, aged forty-two years. It was while attending his funeral that President Jack son was tired at by a man named Lawrence. Davis, William M. Was born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Dawes, Henry . Born in Cum- mington, Hampshire County, Massachu setts, October 30, 1816. He graduated at Yale College in 1839, and adopted the pro fession of law. He taught school for a time, and edited a paper called the " Green field Gazette." He was a member of the Legislature of Massachusetts, during the years 1848, 1849, and 1852; of the State Senate in 1850, and also of the State Con stitutional Convention in 1853. He was also District Attorney for the Western District of his native State, from 1853 until elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, wherein he served as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Elections ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving again as Chairman of the Committee on Elections. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the Committee on Elections, and serving on that on Weights and Measures. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loy alists' Convention" of 1866, and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving again at the head of the Committee on Elections. Dawson, John. He graduated at Harvard University in 1782 ; was a Presi dential Elector in 1793; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1797 to 1814; served in one of the State Conventions of Virginia, and in the General Assembly ; was a member of the Executive Council of Virginia ; ren dered service in the war of 1813, as Aid to the Commanding General, on the Lakes ; and was appointed Bearer of Despatches to France, in 1801, by President Adams. He died in Washington City, March 30, 1814, aged fifty-two. 110 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Daivson, John B. He was born at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1800, and was a Representative in Congress, from Lou isiana, from 1841 to the time of his death, which occurred at St. Francisville, Lou isiana, June 2G, 1845. He had repeatedly served in the Legislature of Louisiana; was a Militia General of the State ; and was Judge of the Parish Court in which he resided before his election to Con gress. Dawson, John L. He was born in Uniontown,Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 7, 1813; was educated at Wash ington College ; adopted the profession of law ; was appointed by President Polk, in 1845, United States Attorney for the West ern District of Pennsylvania; was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-second and Thirty-third Con gresses, serving during the last term as Chairman of the Committee on Agricul ture; and in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and also of the Committee on Public Lands. He was the author of the Home stead Bill which passed in 1854; and a Delegate to the Baltimore Conventions of 1844, 1848, and 1860, and of the Cin cinnati Convention of 1856, when, on the part of Pennsylvania, he delivered the speech acknowledging the nomination of Mr. Buchanan. He was appointed Gov ernor of Kansas, by President Pierce, in 1855, but declined the appointment; re- elected in 1864, to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Rules and Foreign Affairs. Daivson, William C. Born in Greene County, Georgia, January 4, 1798, and died May 5, 1856. He graduated at Franklin College in 1816; studied law at home and at Litchfleld, Connecticut; and having been admitted to the bar, settled at Greensborough, in 1818, where he was eminently successful as a jury lawyer. He was for twelve years Clerk of the House of Representatives of Georgia, and several times Senator and Representative in the Legislature. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Georgia, from 1837 to 1842 ; and in 1845 he was appointed Judge of the Ockmulgee Circuit; and from 1849 to 1855 he was a Senator of the United States, where he served on im portant committees, and spoke on many questions of national interest, and com manded a wide influence. Dawson, William 7. A Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1793 to 1795. Day, Rowland. He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1816 and 1817, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1833 to 1835. Dai/, Timothy C. He was born in Ohio, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. Day an, Charles. Born at Amster dam, New York, July 16, 1792; until four teen years of age lie worked in a mill; at that time he began to stud} r , and was suc cessful; taught school for four winters at a monthly price of two dollars per month; studied law, and was a successful practi tioner for many years. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833; a State Senator in 1827 and 1828 ; acting Lieutenant-Governor in 1829 ; and a member of the Assembly in 1835 and 1836. He was also District At torney for Lewis County for five years. Dayton, Elias.Hc was an officer of the Revolution, and in 1778 was appointed by Congress Colonel of the New Jersey Regiment, and at the close of the war was promoted to Brigadier-General, and held the office of Major-General of Militia. He was a delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1787 to 1788. He died at Elizabethtown, July, 1807, aged seventy-one. Dayton, Jonathan. A native of New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1776; was a member of the Convention, in 1787, which formed the Constitution and signed that instrument; was a Representative in Congress frojn 1791 to 1799; Speaker of the House of Representatives from 1795 to 1797; and was a Senator of the United States, from New Jersey, from 1799 to 1805. He was a distinguished statesman, and died at Elizabethtovvn, New Jersey, October 9, 1824, aged about sixty-eight years. Dayton, William . Born in Somerset County, New Jersey, February 17, 1807; graduated at Princeton College in 1825 ; was a lawyer by profession, hav ing come to the bar in 1830; was a mem ber of the State Senate of New Jersey in 1837 ; was appointed one of the Justices of the Superior Court of the State Feb ruary 28, 1838, and resigned said office in 1841, and resumed the practice of law; was a Senator in Congress from 1842 to 1851. In March, 1857, was appointed Attorney-General of New Jersey, which office he held until 1861, when he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to France. He was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Died in Paris, December 2, 1864. Dean, Ezra, He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1845. BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Ill Dean, Gilbert. Was born in Pleas ant Valley, Duchess County, New York. In May, 1837, he entered the Amcnia Seminary, and in September of the same year he went to Yale College, and grad uated in 1841. He studied law in Pine Plains, and commenced practice in Pough- keepsie in 1844, attaining eminence in his profession ; and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1851 to 1853. Was re-elected for a second term, but resigned in 1855 to accept the office of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Dean, Josiah. He was born in Baynham, Massachusetts, March 16, 1748 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1805 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1807 to 1809. From 1804 to 1807 he was a State Senator; and in 1810 and 1811 was a member of the State Legislature. Died October 14, 1818. Dean, Sidney. He was born in Glustenbury, Hartford County, Connecti cut, November 16, 1818. He received only a common-school education ; entered npon active life as a manufacturer; but subsequently became a clergyman. He served one year in the Legislature of Con necticut, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, in 1855, and re-elected in 1857; officiating during his first term as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures, and as a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. In 1860 tie settled in Rhode Island as a clergyman. Deane, Silas. A native of Connecti cut; graduated at Yale College in 1758. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776, when he was appointed a political and commercial agent to France, but was recalled by Congress, in consequence of certain contracts which he made. In 1784 he published an address to the citizens of the United States, com plaining of the manner in which he had been treated. He went to Europe soon after and died in extreme poverty at Deal, England, in 1789. His intercepted letters to his brothers and others were published in 1782. Dearborn, Henry. Was a native of New Hampshire, and settled, in the practice of Physic, at Portsmouth. He was a Captain in Stark's regiment at the battle of Bunker Hill; he accompanied Arnold in the expedition through the wilderness of Maine to Quebec; he was captured by the British, and put into close confinement ; but in May, 177G, was per mitted to return on parole ; in March, 1777, he was exchanged ; he served as a Major in the army under Gates at the capture of Burgoyne. He distinguished himself at the battle of Monmouth by a gallant charge on the enemy. Dearborn being sent to ask for further orders, Washington inquired, by way of com mendation, "What troops are those?" " Full-blooded Yankees from New Hamp shire, sir," was the reply. In 1779 he ac companied Sullivan in his expedition against the Indians; in 1780 he was with the army in New Jersey; in 1781 he was at Yorktown, at the surrender of Coru- wallis; in 1789 Washington appointed him Marshal of the District of Maine. He was elected a member of Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1797. In 1801 he was appointed Secretary of War, and held the office till 1809, when he was appointed to the office of Collector of Boston. In 1812 he received a commission as senior Major-General in the army of the United States. In the spring of 1813 he captured York, in Upper Canada, and Fort George, at the mouth of the Ni agara. He was recalled by President Madison in July. He was ordered to assume the command of the military dis trict of New York City. In 1822 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Portugal ; two years after, he returned to America at his own request. He died in 1829, aged seventy-eight years. Dearborn, Henry A. S. Born in 1783, in Exeter, New Hampshire ; was ed ucated at William and Mary College, Virginia, and commenced the study of law in Washington, while his father was Secretary of War under Jefferson. He finished his studies at Salem, Massa chusetts, and commenced to practice in that city. He removed to Portland, and superintended the erection of the forts in the harbor. He was appointed Collector of Boston by President Madison (having been previously made Deputy Collector by his father, when Collector), as an induce ment for his father to accept the command of the army, and he held the office until removed by General Jackson in 1829. In 1812 he was Brigadier of Militia, and had the command of the troops in Boston harbor. In 1821 was a member of the Convention for revising the Constitution of Massachusetts. In 1829 was a Repre sentative in the Legislature from Roxbury ; and the same year chosen Executive Coun cillor, and the following year a State Senator. From 1831 to 1833 he was a Representative in Congress. He was soon appointed Adjutant - General of Massachusetts, and continued in that office till 1843, when he was removed for lending some of the State arms during the Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island. In 1847 was chosen Mayor of Roxbury, which office he held until his death. While in the Custom-house, in Boston, he wrote and published three volumes on the " Com merce of the Black Sea." He also wrote a biography of Commodore Baiubridge, 112 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. and one of his father ; a book on Architec ture, and a Life of Christ. He died in Portland, Maine, July 29, 1851. Deoerry, Ed mund. Born in Mont gomery County, North Carolina, August 14, 1787. He was educated at the ordi nary schools of the county, and having entered public life, in 1806, as a member of the State Legislature, he continued to serve there, with occasional intermissions, until 1828 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1829 to 1831, from 1833 f,o 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. Di-2d ia his native county in 1859. De frees, Josepli Il.lle was born in Carthage, White County, Tennessee, Maj r 13, 1812; received a good common- school education ; spent his early days en gaged in the printing business, but subse quently turned his attention to merchan dizing in Indiana; in 1836 he was elected Sheriff of Elkhart County, and re-elected in 1838; in 1849 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature ; in 1850 to the State Senate ; and in 1864 he was chosen a Rep resentative, from Indiana, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Banking and Currency, and Roads and Canals. DeGraff, John I. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and again from 1837 to 1839. Deitz, William. He was born in Schoharie County, New York, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1814 and 1815; a Representative in Con gress, from that-State, from 1825 to 1827; and a State Senator from 1830 to 1833. De JTarnette, Daniel C. Born in Caroline County, Virginia, in 1822; re- received a liberal education ; adopted the occupation of a farmer; served many years in the Legislature of Virginia ; and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. " Withdrew in 1861. Delano, Charles. Born in Brain- tree, Massachusetts, in 1820; graduated at Amherst College in 1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842 ; in 1850 he was appointed Treasurer of Hampshire County ; and he was elected a Represent ative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Delano, Columbus. He was born in Shorehiim, Vermont, in 1309; removed to Mount Vemon, Ohio, in 1817 ; was ad mitted to the bar in 1831, and became eminently successful, both as a criminal prosecutor and an advocate. In 1844 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Twenty-ninth Congress, and served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. In 1847 he was a candidate for Governor, but lacked two votes of a nomination. In 1860 he was a Delegate to the Chicago Convention. In 1861 was appointed Com missary-General of Ohio, and tilled the ollice with great success until the general government assumed the subsistence of all State troops. In 1862 he was a candi date for United States Senator, but again lacked two votes of nomination. In 1863 he was elected to the House of Representatives of Ohio, and was a prominent member of that body, taking a leading part in shap ing the important legislation of that ses sion. In 1864 he was a member of the Baltimore Convention, and Chairman of the Ohio Delegation, zealousy supporting President Lincoln and Andrew Johnson. He was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Having relin quished the practice of his profession, he became extensively engaged in agri cultural pursuits and the business of banking. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and in 1868, having contested the seat of G. "VV. Morgan for the Fortieth Congress, he was successful, and became a member of the House. Delaplaine, Isaac C.lle was born in New York, and was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Dellet, James. He was a native of Ireland, and one of the early graduates of the University of South Carolina, hav ing left it in 1810; he adopted the profes sion of law, coming to the bar in 1813; was a Commissioner in Equity; removed to Alabama in 1818, where he was ap pointed a Judge of the Circuit Court, aud frequently represented his County in the State Legislature, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1845. He died at Claibourne, December 21, 1848, aged sixty years. Deming, Benjamin F.lle was born at Danville, Vermont ; received a common-school education; served a num ber of years as a clerk in a store ; was Clerk of the Court in his native County for sixteen years ; and was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from Vermont, for the term from 1833 to 1835, but died BIOGRAPHICAL KE COEDS. 113 at Saratoga Springs, whither ho had gone for his health, July 11, 1834. Deining, Henry C. He was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1836, and at the Law School of Harvard College in 1838 ; he was a mem ber of the Connecticut Legislature in 1849 and 1850, and also from 1859 to 1861 , serving as Speaker during the latter year. In 1851 he was a member of the State Senate. He subsequently presided over the City of Hartford as Mayor for six years. In 18G1, as Colonel of the Tweli'th Regiment of Connecticut Volun teers, he went to New Orleans, and par ticipated in the capture of that city. In October, 1862, he was appointed Mayor of New Orleans, which position he held until February, 18G3, when he resigned both that office and his commission in the army, and returned home. Two months afterwards he was elected a Representa tive, from Connecticut, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Military Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. lie-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, as well as on his former Commit tees ; and was one of the Representatives appointed to attend the funeral of General Scott, in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven tion " of 1866. De Mott, John. He was born in New Jersey ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1833 ; and a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Denison Charles. Was born in Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, January 23, 1818; graduated at Dickinson College in 1829 ; adopted and practised the pro fession of law ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-Ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Expen ditures in the Navy Department. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, but died in Wilkesbarre, June 27, 18G7. Denning, William. He was elect ed a Representative, from New York, to the Eleventh Congress, but did not qual ify, having resigned. Dennis, John. He was born in Somerset County, Maryland, in 1807; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1S37 to 1841. He was also twice elected to the State Legislature, and was a member of the Maryland State Convention in 1850. He was educated for the bar, but relinquished professional life 8 for the pursuits of agriculture. Died of consumption November 1, 1859. Dennis, Littleton P. He gradu ated at Yale College in 1803; served many years in the Legislature of Mary land ; aud was elected a Representative to Congress, from Maryland, in 1833; and died at Washington, April 14, 1834, before the expiration of his term in Congress. Dennison, George. He was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1823. He was for many years Register aud Recorder of Luzerne County, and, before as well as after his service in Congress, was fre quently returned to the Legislature, and died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, in 1831, while in office. Denny, Arthur A. He was born in Indiana in 1822 ; went with his parents to Knox County, Illinois, when fourteen years of age ; was for eight years Survey or of Knox County. In 1851 he removed to the Pacific coast, and settled at Pugct's Sound, in what is now called Washington Territory. He was a member of the Ter ritorial Legislature from 1853 to 1861; four years Register of the Land Office at Olympia; and was elected a Delegate from Washington Territory to the Thirty- ninth Congress. Denny, Harmar.Eora in Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, in 1794 ; graduated at Dickinson College ; was a member of the Legislature of his native State, and a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1837; and a member of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of Pennsylvania. He died in Pittsburg, Janu ary 29, 1852. Denoyelles, Peter. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Dent, George. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 1801, and was appointed in the lat ter year United States Marshal for the Po tomac District. During the third session of the Fifth Congress he was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives. Dent, William B. IF. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1853 to- 1855. Denver, James W. Born in Win chester, Virginia, in 1818. When quite young he emigrated to Ohio with his par ents ; received a good education ; in 1841 he went to Missouri, where he taught school and studied law ; he served in the Mexican war as a Captain, under appoint- 114 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. ment from President Polk; in 1850 he went to California, where he was ap pointed a member of a relief committee to protect emigrants, and afterwards Secre tary of State of California ; he was a Rep resentative, from California, in the Thirty- fourth Congress ; by President Buchanan he was appointed the Commissioner of Indian Afiairs, which office he resigned to accept the appointment of Governor of the Territory of Kansas, which position he resigned in November, 1858, and was reappointed Commissioner of Indian Af fairs. Resigned March, 1859. He was also a Delegate to the Cleveland " Soldiers' Convention" of 1866 ; and settled in Wash ington City as an Attorney-at-Law. Desaussure, William F. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1792 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1810; adopted the profession of law, and was a Senator in Congress, from his na tive State, from 1852 to 1853. DesJia, Joseph. He was born in Pennsylvania, December 9, 1768, and emi grated to Kentucky in 1781 ; in 1794 he served as a volunteer in the expedition against the Indians, under General Wayne ; served for a time in the State Legislature ; fought at the battle of the Thames as a Major-General; was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1807 to 1819 ; was Governor of Kentucky for four years, from 1824 ; and died at Georgetown, Kentucky, October 13, 1842. Desha, Robert. He was a promi nent merchant of Mobile, and a Represent ative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1827 to 1831. He was the brother of Jo seph Dcsha. He died February 8, 1849. Destrihan, John Noel. He was a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, for a part of the year 1812. Dewart, Lewis. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833. Dewart, William L. He was born in Pennsylvania ; was a lawyer by profes sion, and was a member of the Thirty -fifth Congress, from his native State. He was Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business. Deivey, Daniel. Was a lawyer, having studied under Theodore Sedgwick, and attained a high rank in his profession. He was a member of the Council of the State, and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, in 1813 and 1814, when he resigned; was appointed Judge of the Supreme Coirrt of Massachusetts in 1814. He died June 3, 1815. De Witt, Alexander. Born in Worcester County, Massachusetts, April 2, .1797; was a Representative in the Mas sachusetts Legislature from 1830 to 1836 ; devoted himself to the manufacturing busi ness ; was a Bank President ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1853 to 1857. He was also a State Senator in 1842, 1844, 1850, and 1851 ; and a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1853. De Witt, Charles. He was a Dele gate, from New York, to the Continental Congress, from 1783 to 1785. De Witt, Charles G. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831,"and appointed Charge d' Affaires, for Central America, in 1833. He died at Newburg, April 13, 1839. De Witt, Jacob H. He was born in Ulster County, New York, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821; and a member of the New York Assembly in 1839 and in 1847. He died at Kingston, New York, January 30, 1857, aged seventy-three years. De Wolfe, James. He was a Sena tor of the United States, from Rhode Island, from 1821 to 1825, when he re signed, and died in the City of New York, December 21, 1837, aged seventy-four years. Dexter, Samuel. Was a native of Massachusetts, and born in 1761 ; he grad uated at Harvard College in 1781; and, having studied law at Worcester with Le- vi Lincoln, he soon rose to professional eminence. He was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1793 to 1795, and was elected to the Senate, serving from 1799 to 1800. During the administration of John Adams he was appointed Secretary of War in 1800, and Secretary of the Treas ury in January, 1801 ; and, for a short time, also had the charge of the Department of State. On the accession of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency he held the office of Sec retary of the Treasury, and not complying with an intimation to resign, Mr. Gallatin was appointed in his place. In 1812 he abandoned the party to which he had al ways been attached, and became a leader on the other side, and, as such, was a can didate for Governor of Massachusetts, in 1815 and 1816, in opposition to Governor Brooks. A mission to Spain was offered him, by President Madison, in 1815. He died May 3, 1816. DicJc, John. Was born in Pennsyl vania; was bred a merchant; and was a member of Congress, from said State, in 1854 and 1855, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty -fifth Congresses, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 115 serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. Dick, Samuel. He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Con gress in 1783 and 1784:. Dickens, Samuel. A Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, during the years 1816 and 1817. Dickerson, MaJilon.Rorn in Mor ris County, New Jersey, in 1769 ; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1789; studied law, and in early life he resided in Penn sylvania, where he was Recorder of the City of Philadelphia, and subsequently Quartermaster-General of the State; he returned to New Jersey, and was elected to the Legislature of that State. He was Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jer sey, and was elected Governor of that State in 1815, and held the office until 181 7, when he was chosen United States Sena tor, from New Jersey, and continued in that office for sixteen years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufac tures, as well as others. In 1834 he became Secretary of the Navy, in the cabinet of President Jackson, and held that Depart ment until 1838, some two years after the accession of President Van Buren. For two years he was President of the Ameri can Institute. He died in Morris County, New Jersey, October 5, 1853. Dickerson, Philemon. A native of New Jersey ; was an officer in the Amer ican Revolution, and enjoyed a great repu tation for courage and zeal in the cause of liberty. He commanded the Jersey Militia at the battle of Monmouth. He was a Delegate from Delaware to the Conti nental Congress, from 1782 to 1783; and after the organization of the National Gov ernment in its present form, he was ap pointed a Senator in Congress from 1790 to 1793. Having discharged in a satisfac tory manner the duties of the several civil and military stations which he held, he enjoyed several years of retirement from public life, and died at Trenton in 1809. Dickerson, Philemon. He was the brother of Mahlon Dickerson, a native of New Jersey, and a Representative in Con gress, from the Paterson District, in that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1839 to 1841. In 1836 he was Governor of New Jersey, and was subsequently ap pointed Judge of the United States Dis trict Court for New Jersey. Died at Pat erson, New Jersey, December 10, 1862, aged about seventy years. Dickey, Jesse C. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. DicJcey, John. He was a member of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1845, and from 1847 to 1849 ; and at the time of his death was United States Mar shal for Western Pennsylvania. He died in Beaver County, March 14, 1853. Dickinson, Daniel S. He was born in Goshen, Litchfleld County, Connecti cut, September 11, 1800; removed with his father to Chenango County, New York, in 1806; received a common-school educa tion; and in 1821 he entered upon the du ties of a school-teacher, and, without the aid of an instructor, mastered the Latin language, and became versed in the higher branches of mathematics and other sci ences. He studied law, came to the bar in 1830, and settled in Binghamton, where he long practised his profession with suc cess. In 1836 he was elected to the State Senate, serving from 1837 to 1840; was Judge of the Court of Errors from 1836 to 1841; from 1842 to 1844 he was President of said Court, Lieutenant-Govcrnor, and also President of the Senate ; was a Re gent of the University of New York in 1843; was a member of the Convention which nominated J. K. Polk for President, and a Presidential Elector in 1844 ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from New York, from 1844 to 1851, serving on im portant committees, originating "and ably supporting several important measures. In 1861 he was elected Attorney-General of the State of New York; was a Delegate to the "'Baltimore Convention" of 1864; and in 1865 he was appointed by President Lincoln United States District Attorney for the Southern District of New York; and died suddenly in that city, April 12, 1866. Before accepting his last public po sition he declined several appointments tendered to him by the President of the United States and the Governor of New York. His " Life and Works " were pub lished in 1867, in two volumes. Dickinson, David W. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1843 to 1845, and died at Franklin, Ten nessee, April 27, of the latter year. Dickinson, Edward. He was born in Massachusetts ; adopted the pro fession of law; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1838 and 1839 ; a State Senator in 1842 and 1843 ; a State Councillor in 1845 and 1846; and a Representative in Congress, from Mas sachusetts, from 1853 to 1855. He was a graduate of Amhcrst College, and a law yer by profession. Dickinson, John. He studied law in Philadelphia, and spent three years at the Temple in London. On his return to America he commenced to practise in Philadelphia. In 1764 he was a member 116 BIOGEAPHICAL KECOEDS. of the Assembly, and in 17G5 of the Gen eral Congress. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776, and opposed the Declaration of Inde pendence, fearing the strength of the country insufficient to take so important a stand, but was the only member of Con gress to face the enemy a few days after the publication of the Declaration. From 1776 to 1777 he was a Delegate to Con gress from Delaware, and again from 1779 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation, as well as the Constitu tion. In 1781 he was President of that State. In 1782 he was chosen President of Pennsylvania, and filled that office till 1785. In 1767 he began to publish his letters against taxation, and wrote the greater portion of the State papers of the First Congress. His collected writings were published in 1801. He died in 1808, aged seventy-five. Dicfcinson, ur years; in 1833 he was & member of the Executive Council of Maine ; in 1834 he was elected Governor of Maine, and served four years ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1847. During the years 1848 and 1849 he was Collector of Customs at Port land, and from 1853 to 1857 Postmaster of Brunswick; and was for many years President of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. Died in Brunswick, Maine, October 20, 1859, aged seventy years. Dunlap, William C. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Dunn, George G. He was born in 1813, and died in Lawrence County, In diana, in September, 1857. He had held many high official trusts, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He was a lawyer, and noted for his abilities as an orator. Dunn, George If. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 1839. Dunn, William lUcKce.Rorn in the Territory of Indiana, December 12, 1814; graduated at the State College of Indiana in 1832 ; taught school for two years, and having entered Yale College, received from that College the degree of A.M. in 1835 ; adopted the profession of law ; was elected to the Indiana Legisla ture in 1848 ; a member of the State Con stitutional Convention in 1850; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufac tures, and Roads and Canals, and also on the Special Committee of Thirty -three. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Patents, after which he became a Judge Advocate in the army. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy alists' Convention " of 1866. Durell, Daniel M. He was born in Massachusetts; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1794 ; studied law, and entered upon the practice at Dover in 1797; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1809. He also held the post of United States Dis trict Attorney from 1830 to 1834. He died in 1841, aged seventy -one years. Durfee, Job. He was born in Tiverton, Rhode Island, in 1790; grad uated at Brown University in 1813; adopted the profession of the law ; and, though for a long time Chief Justice of Rhode Island, he devoted much attention BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 123 to poetry and belles-lettres generally. He was for mauy years a member of the State Legislature, and Speaker of the House ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1821 to 1825. He died in 1847. Durfee, Nathaniel B. He was born iu Tiverton, Rhode Island, Septem ber 29, 1812 ; received a good classical education at Newport; from 1838 to 1850 devoted himself to the pursuits of agri culture; he represented the town of War wick some seven or eight j r ears in the State Legislature, and the town of Tiver ton four years ; and having been elected a member of the Thirty-fourth Congress, served his term, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. DurJeee, Charles. Born in Royal- ton, Vermont, December 5, 1807; was a merchant; removed to Wisconsin, and was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1837 and 1838; a Representative in Congress in 1848 and 1850, from Indi ana, and a United States Senator for six years, commencing March, 1855, serving as a member of the Committees on Revo lutionary and Private Land Claims. He was a Delegate also to the Peace Con gress of 18G1, and in 1865 was appointed, by President Johnson, Governor of Utah. Duval, Gabriel. He was born in 1751, of a Huguenot family; served as a Clerk to the first Legislature of Maryland, before the Declaration of Independence ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1794 to 1796; Comp troller of the United States Treasury in 1802; and in 1811 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which office he held for twenty- five years. He died in Prince George County, Maryland, March 6, 1844. Duval, William P. Born in Vir ginia, in 1784, but in early life went to Kentucky, where, for a time, he led the life of a hunter, after which, he studied and practised law; he was a Represent ative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1815; and in 1822 was appointed Governor of Florida, by President Mon roe, and reappointed by Adams and Jack son. In 1848 he removed to Texas ; and died in Washington, District of Colum bia, March 19, 1854. He was the original of "Ralph Ringwood" of Washington Irving, and " Nimrod Wildfire " of James K. Paulding. Dwight, Henry W. Born in Berk shire County, Massachusetts ; was a mem ber of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1818 and 1834; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1821 to 1831, and died in New York, February 21, 1845. DwigJit, Theodore. Born in North ampton, Massachusetts, iu 1765. Soon after the Revolution he studied law, and attained a high position as a lawyer ; for a great number of years he was a State Senator in Connecticut; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Con necticut, during the years 1803 and 1807. In 1813 he was a Presidential Elector. He was a ready and brilliant writer ; conduct ed for a time the " Hartford Mirror ; " was Secretary of the Hartford Convention, of which he wrote the authentic history ; iu 1815, at the suggestion of leading men, he established the "Albany Daily Adver tiser;" and in 1817 founded "the New York Daily Advertiser," which he con ducted with signal ability until 1836, when he removed to Hartford, Connecticut, arid retired from active life. About three years before his death he went to New York to reside with his son, and died in that city, June 11, 1846. Dwight, Thomas. He graduated at Harvard University in 1778; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1794 and 1795; a State Senator from 1796 to 1803 and 1813; and a member of the Executive Council in 1808 and 1809; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1803 to 1805; and died in 1819. Dwinell, Justin. lie graduated at Yale College in 1805 ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1821 and 1822; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Dyer, Eliphalet.He was a Dele gate, from Connecticut, to the Continen tal Congress from 1774 to 1779, and again from 1780 to 1783. Eager, S. W. He graduated at Princeton College iu 1809 ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from. 1829 to 1831. Earle, Elias. He was born iu Fred erick County, Virginia, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caroli na, from 1805 to 1807, from 1811 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1821. Earle, John B. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caroli na, from 1803 to 1805. Earle, Samuel. Re was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caroli na, from 1795 to 1797. Earll, Jonas, Jr. Born in 1786; was at one time a Senator in the New York Legislature ; a member of Congress, 124 BIOGEAPIIICAL RECOEDS. from that State, from 1827 to 1831 ; and a Canal Commissioner at the time of his death, which occurred at Syracuse, New York, in October, 1846. Earll, Nehemiah H. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Early, Peter. Born in Madison County, Virginia, June 20, 1773, and emi grate' I to Georgia with his father in 1795. He graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, and studied law in Philadelphia. He served in the United States House of Representatives, from Georgia, from 1802 to 1807; and was one of the most conspic uous among its members who supported the Administration. On his return to Georgia he was made a Judge of the Su preme Court of the State, and in 1813 was elected Governor of his adopted State. He was subsequently a State Senator, but for several years before his death lived in retirement. He died August 15, 1817. EasterbrooJc, Experience. Born in Lebanon, Grafton County, New Hamp shire, April 30, 1813; received a good academic education ; studied law in Buf falo, and graduated at the Law School of Marshall College, Pennsylvania ; removed to Wisconsin in 1840, where he practised his profession until 1854 ; besides holding a number of county offices, he was a mem ber of the Convention that formed the Constitution of that State ; served also in the Legislature of Wisconsin, and was Attorney-General of the State. In 1854 he was appointed United States District Attorney for the Territory of Nebraska, which office he held until 1859, when he was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-sixth Congress from Nebraska. Eastman, Benjamin C. A Rep resentative in Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1851 to 1855. He died February 5, 1856, at Platteville, in that State. Eastman, Ira A. He was born in New Hampshire ; graduated in Dartmouth College in 1829 ; served in the State Leg islature, and was Speaker of the House from 1837 to 1839 ; he was at one time Sectetary of the State Senate ; Register of Probate; and from 1844 to 1859 was a Judge of the Circuit and Supreme Court; and elected a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1839 to 1843. Eastman, Nehemiah. Was born in Strafford County, New Hampshire; was a lawyer by profession ; settled at Farm- ington, New Hampshire ; was a Senator in the State Legislature from 1820 to 1825 ; a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1825 to 1827. Died January 11, 1856, aged sixty-five years. Easton, Rufus.lle was a Delegate to Congress, from Missouri Territory, from 1814 to 1816. Eaton, Jolin H. He was a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1818 to 1829; was Secretary of War under President Jackson (as well as a warm per sonal friend) from 1829 to 1831 ; from 1834 to 1836 was Governor of the Territory of Florida; and from 1836 to 1840 Minister Plenipotentiary to Spain. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, No vember 17, 1856, aged sixty-six years. Eaton, Leivis.lle was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825. EcJcert, George N. He was born in Pennsylvauia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849, after which he was appointed Direc tor of the United States Mint from 1851 to 1853. He was a physician by profes sion, and a man of superior ability. Died in Philadelphia, in July, 1865. EcJtley, Ephraim R. Born in Jef ferson County, Ohio, December 9, 1812; received his education in the West ; read law, and came to the bar in 1837 ; was a member of the Ohio Senate in 1843, 1845, and 1849, serving until 1851; and in 1853 he was elected to the State House of Rep resentatives. After the Rebellion broke out he had charge, as Colonel, of the Twenty-sixth and Eightieth Regiments of Ohio Volunteers, serving through several battles, and at the battle of Corinth he had command of a brigade. In 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims and on Roads and Canals ; and in March, 1863, resigned his position in the army. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Public Lands and on Accounts. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old committees. Eddy, Norman. He was born in New York, and, having removed to Indi ana, was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Eddy, Samuel. Born in Provi dence, Rhode Island, March 31,- 1769; graduated at Brown University in 1787; studied law, but did not long engage in practice. In 1798 he was chosen Secre tary of State, and held the office for twen ty-one years, when he resigned, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1819 to 1825. He was subsequently Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rhode Island for eight years. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 125 He devoted some attention to literary pursuits, and was honored, in 1801, with the de-Tree of LL.D. He died iu TProvi- deuce, "February 3, 1839. Eden, John JR. Was born in Bath County, Kentucky, February 1, 1826; went with his parents at an early age to Indiana, and received a common-school education; studied law, and commenced the practice of it in Illinois. In 185G he was appointed State Attorney for the Seventeenth District, which office he held four years ; and iu 1862 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Accounts and Revolu- tiouary Pensions. Etlyerton, Alfred P. He was born in New York, and, removing to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Edgerton, Joseph Ketchmn. Born in Vergennes, Vermont, February 16, 1818 ; spent his youth in Clinton Coun ty, New York, and received a common- school education, chiefly at Plattsburg ; read law; settled in New York City in 1835 ; and came to the bar in 1830, and re moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1844. In 1855 he was President of the Fort Wayne and Chicago Hail road Company, and subsequently financial agent of the same when consolidated with the Pitts- burg road, and in 18G2 he was elected a Eepresentative from Indiana to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Naval Affairs. Edgerton, Sidney. Born in Caze- novia, Madison Count}', New York, in 1818; became an orphan when a mere boy, and acquired an academic education by means of his own exertions, teaching school and studying at the same time ; re moved to Ohio in 1844 and studied law, spending one year at the Law School in Cincinnati ; he was a Prosecuting Attorney for four years in Summit County ; and was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Revolutionary Claims and Private Land Claims. He was appointed by Pres ident Lincoln a Judge for the Territory of Idaho, and subsequently Governor of Montana. Edie, John _K. He was born in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, from that State, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents. Edmond, William. Born at South Britain, Connecticut, September 28, 1755, and graduated at Yale College in 1773. He was a volunteer soldier at the burning of Danbury, and received a wound in tho leg, which made him lame for life. He was a lawyer by profession ; was chosen a member of the Legislature, member of the Council, and Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and a member of Congress, from Connecticut, from 1798 to 1801. He died in Newton, Connecticut, August 1, 1838. Edmonds, J. Wiley. He was born iu Massachusetts, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Edmunds, George F. He was born in Richmond, Vermont, February 1, 1828; received a common-school educa tion, and enjoyed the instructions of a private tutor; he studied law, and came to the bar in 1849, devoting himself ex clusively to the legal profession. In 1851 he settled in Burlington, and in 1854-'55, and iu 1857, 1858, and 1859, was elected to the Vermont Legislature, serving three years as Speaker; in 1861 and 18G2 he was elected to the State Senate, officiating as President pro tern, of that body during those years. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he was a member of the State Convention which met to form a coalition between the Republicans and War Demo crats, and drew up the resolutions which were adopted in that Convention as the basis of union for the country. On the death of Solomon Foot, he was appointed in his place to the United States Senate, taking his seat in April, 1866, and the ap pointment was confirmed by the Legisla ture. The Committees upon which he served were those on Commerce, Public Lands, Pensions, Retrenchment, and the Judiciary. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Edmundson, Henry A. He was born in Virginia, and having been elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, in 1849, was re-elected to each suc cessive Congress down to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Edsall, JosepJi E. He was born in Sussex County, New Jersey, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. He was also a member of the State Legislature, and of the Convention which framed the last State Constitution. Edward, John. He was born in New York, and was a Representative ia Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843. Edivards, Benjamin. - Bora in 12G BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Stafford County, Virginia, in 1752, and died in Todd County, Kentucky, Novem ber 13, 1826. He had not the advantage of a classical education, and his pursuits were those of agriculture and merchan dise. He was a member of the Maryland Legislature; also of the State Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution ; and a member of Congress, from Mary land, from 1794 to 1795, to fill the unex- pired term of Uriah Forrest. He spent the latter years of his life in Kentucky, but held no public position in that State. Edwards, Francis S. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, May 28, 1818; adopted the profession of law; and removing to New York, was appointed a Master in Chancery, in 1841, for the County of Chenango; in 1851 was elected Surrogate of Chatauque County; and in 1854 to the Thirty-fourth Congress, from New York. Edwards, Henry IF. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1779 ; grad uated at Princeton College in 1797 ; studied his profession at the Litchfleld Law School, and settled in New Haven. He was a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1823; United States Senator from 1823 to 1827 ; member of the State Senate in 1828 and 1829 ; Speaker of the Connec ticut House of Representatives in 1830 ; Governor in 1833, and from 1835 to 1838 ; and upon his recommendation, a geologi cal survey of the State was taken. He died in New Haven, July 22, 1847. Edwards, J~ohn. He was a Senator in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1792 to 1795. Edwards, 7b7m. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvaina, from 1839 to 1843, and died in Chester, Pennsylvania, June 25, 1843. Edwards, John C, He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1841 to 1843, and Governor of that State from 1844 to 1848. Edwards, Ninian. Born in Mont gomery County, Maryland, March, 1775. He was in early life the intimate friend of William Wirt, and graduated at Dickinson College. He studied both medicine and law, but devoted himself to the practice of the law with eminent success. Re moving to Kentucky, he was twice elected to the Legislature ; was appointed a Cir cuit Clerk, and subsequently Judge of the General Court of Kentucky, of the Circuit Court, of the Court of Appeals, and, finally, Chief Justice of the State, and all before reaching the thirty-second year of his age. In 1809 President Madi son appointed him Governor of the Territory of Illinois, to which office he was three times reappointed. Before Congress had adopted any measures on the subject of volunteer rangers, he or ganized companies, supplied them with arms, built stockade forts, and established a line of posts from the mouth of the Missouri to the W abash River. lie was thus prepared for defence, and during the Indian wars on the frontiers was most devoted to his country's service. In 1816 he was appointed a Commissioner to treat with the Indian tribes. When Illinois be came a State, he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1818 to 1824, when he was appointed Minister to Mexico, but declined the office. In 1826 he was elect ed Governor of the State of Illinois, which office he filled until 1831. He died of cholera, July 20, 1833. Edwards, Plerpont. He was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, April 8, 1750, and was the youngest son of Jona than Edwards, the distinguished divine. From the fact that his father was a mis sionary among the Stockbridge Indians, he spent much of his early boyhood among that people, and acquired the lan guage so perfectly that he was wont to say that he "thought in Indian." His later boyhood he spent in New Jersey and North Carolina, and was educated at Princeton College. He studied law, and settled in the practice of the profession at New Haven, Connecticut, and he was fre quently elected to the Connecticut Legis lature ; was Administrator of the Estate of Benedict Arnold at the time of his treason. He served in the army during the Revolution; was in two hard-fought battles ; and at the battle of Danbury he was reported killed, because he remained on the battle-field for the purpose of res cuing a friend ; and he was a Delegate from Connecticut to the Continental Congress from 1797 to 1798. He subsequently filled the office of United States Judge for the State of Connecticut, which he held at the time of his death, which occurred at Bridgeport, Connecticut, April 1, 1826. He was the founder of what was called the Toleration party in Connecticut, and by his ability and perseverance called down upon his head the animosity of the Calvinists ; and he was also the first Grand Master among the Masons of Connecti cut, having, in fact, drawn up the consti tution of the original Lodge in that State. Edwards, Samuel. He was born in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1827. Edwards, TJiomas M. Born in Cheshire County, New Hampshire; grad uated at Dartmouth College ; adopted the profession of law ; served eight years in the New Hampshire Legislature between BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 127 the years 1834 and 1856; was a Presi dential Elector in 1856; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from New Hampshire, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyal ists' Convention" of 1866. Edwards, Thomas O. He was born in Maryland, and having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Edwards, Weldon JV. Born in Northampton County, North Carolina, in 1788 ; educated at Warreuton Academy ; read law, and carne to the bar in 1810; was in the Legislature for two years ; and was a member of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1816 to 1827. He again went into the Legislature, serving there from 1833 to 1844 ; and was re-elected in 1850, when he was made President of the State Senate. Effncr, Valentine. He was born in New York ; a member of the Assembly of that State in 1829 ; and a Representa tive in Congress from 1835 to 1837. Egbert, Joseph. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Ege, George. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, during the years 1796 and 1797, for the unexpired term of D. Heister, resigned Eggleston, Benjamin. He was born in Corinth, Saratoga 'County, New York, January 3, 1816; removed with his father to Hocking County, Ohio, in 1831, where he entered upon commercial pur suits, and since which time he has been extensively identified with the business interests and prosperity of Cincinnati and Ohio. He was connected for many years with the Board of Public Works of Ham ilton County and Cincinnati, and was its Chairman; was the effective Chairman, also, of an important Finance Committee, in a time of great public distress, Presi dent of the City Council, and was like wise for some years amemberof the State Legislature. He was a member of the Chicago Convention of 1860, and a Presi dential Elector at the following election; and in looking after the welfare of the Ohio soldiers during the Rebellion, ren dered services that were universally ac knowledged. One or two important canals were inaugurated by him, and carried on under his supervision; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and Expendi tures in the Post Office Department, and Revenue Frauds. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven tion " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the addi tional Committee of Expenditures in the Post Office Department. Eggleston, Joseph. Born in Ame lia County, Virginia, November 24, 1754, and died February 15, 1811. He was ed ucated at the College of William and Mary ; served in the Revolutionary war as a Captain and Major of Cavalry under Col onel Henry Lee; was in several of the bat tles fought by Gates and Greene; he served in the Virginia Assembly for sev eral years; and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1798 to 1801. From the time of his leaving Con gress until his death he was a Justice of the Peace. Ela, Jacob H. Born in Rochester, New Hampshire, July 18, 1820; began ac tive life as a printer in the office of the "Statesman" newspaper in 1837; estab lished and edited the " Herald of Free dom," and also participated in establish ing the " Independent Democrat." In 1857 and 1858 he was a member of the State Legislature, and tilled several other State offices; in 1861 he was appointed by President Lincoln U. S. Marshal for his State, holding the office until 1866 ; and in 1867 he was elected a Representative, from New Hampshire, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees ou Printing and Freedmcn's Affairs. Eldridge, Charles A. He was born in Bridgeport, Addison County, Vermont, February 27, 1821. When a child he re moved with his parents to St. Lawrence County, New York; studied law in that State, and came to the bar in 1846. In 1848 he removed to Fond du Lac, Wiscon sin ; in 1854 and 1855 he was a member of the State Senate; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Wisconsin to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolution ary Claims and Naval Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Na tional Union Convention" of 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judi ciary and Revolutionary Claims. Eliot, Samuel A. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 5, 1798; educated at Harvard College, and engaged in com mercial and manufacturing business. He was Mayor of Boston from 1837 to 1839 ; Representative and Senator in the Legis lature for three or four years ; and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1850 to 1851. 128 BIOGEAPHICAL EEGOEDS. He was also Treasurer of Harvard College eleven years. Died at Cambridge in 1861. Eliot, Thomas D. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, March 20, 1808 ; graduated at Columbia College, Washington, in 1825 ; adopted tlie profession of law, and set tled at New Bedford; served in both houses of the Massachusetts Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress, for the unexpired term of Zeno Scudder, in 1855 ; and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Commerce; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, and was Chairman of the Special Committee on Confiscation of the property of rebels ; and was re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and on Expenditures in the Treasury De partment, and also as Chairman of the Special Committee on Emancipation. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was again a member of the Committee on Commerce, and Chairman of that on Freed- men, and also of that on the New Orleans Riots. Several important bills bearing on the colored race were drawn up by him. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Ellery, Christopher. He gradu ated at Yale College in 1787 ; was a Sena tor in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1801 to 1805; and was appointed, in the latter year, United States Commissioner of Loans. He was appointed Collector of Newport in 1828, and died in 1840. Ellery, William. He was born in Newport, Rhode Island, December 22, 1727; graduated at Harvard College in 1747; was a lawyer by profession; a Dele gate to the Continental Congress, from 1776 to 1780, and from 1783 to 1785 ; was a signer of the Declaration of Independ ence, and also of the Articles of Confedera tion; in 1786 he was appointed Commis sioner of Loans for Rhode Island; was elected Chief Justice of the State ; and in 1789 he was appointed by Washington Collector of Newport, which office he held until his death, which occurred February 15, 1820. Ellicott, Benjamin. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819. Elliot, Jo7m. He graduated at Yale College in 1794 ; resided in Sunbury, Lib erty County, Georgia, and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1825, serving on several important com mittees. He died August 9, 1827. Elliott, James. He was a Repre sentative iu Congress, from Vermont, from 1803 to 1809, and died at Newfane, Ver mont, November 10, 1839. Elliott, John M. Born in Scott County, Virginia, May 16, 1820. He was educated in the county schools of Ken tucky; studied law, and commenced the practice in 1843; was elected to the State Legislature in 1847 ; and in 1853 was elected a Representative in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Ellis, Caleb. Born at Walpole, Mas sachusetts, and graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1793 ; when admitted to the bar he settled at Claremont, New Hampshire. He was a Representative iu Congress, from 1805 to 1809 ; was a member of the Coun cil, and in 1811 elected to the State Sen ate. In 1812 he was one of the Electors of President and Vice-President ; and in 1813 was Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire, and continued in that office until his death, which occurred May 9, 1816, aged forty-nine years. Ellis, Cheselden.lle was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Ellis, Poivhatan.Ke was born in Virginia, but removing at an early day to Mississippi, there devoted himself to the practice of law. He became one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of that State ; in 1825 he was appointed to a seat in the United States Senate, but was dis placed by the Legislature; in 1827, how ever, the Legislature elected him a Senator in Congress, where he served until 1833, after which he was appointed United States Judge for the District of Missis sippi. In 1836 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Mexico, and in 1839 full Minister to that Republic. Ellis, William C. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1825. Ellison, Andreiv. He was born in Ireland, and having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. Ellsivorth, Oliver. "Born at Wind sor, Connecticut, April 29, 1745, and grad uated at Princeton College, New Jersey, in 1766. He studied law, and soon be came eminent in the practice. In 1777 he was chosen a Delegate in Congress from Connecticut. In 1780 he was elected to the Council of Connecticut, and was a member of that body till 1784, when he was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of that State. In 1737 he was elected a member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution. In aa BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 129 assembly illustrious for talents, erudition, and patriotism, lie held a distinguished place. His exertions essentially aided in the production of an instrument which has been the main pillar of American prosperity and glory. He was afterwards a member of the State Convention of Con necticut, and contributed his efforts to wards procuring the ratification of the Constitution by that State. When the Federal Government was organized, in 1789, he was a member of the Senate from Connecticut. In 1796 he was appointed, by Washington, Chief Justice of the Su preme Court of the United States, but re- ' signed the office, on account of ill health, in 1800. In 1805 he was a Presidential Elector. In 1799 he was appointed, by President Adams, Envoy Extraordinary to Trance, for the purpose of settling a treaty with that nation. He received the degree of LL.D., in 1790, from Yale College, and in 1797 from Dartmouth. He died No vember 26, 1807. Ellsworth, Samuel S. He was born in Vermont ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1840, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 18-15 to 1847. Ellsworth, William W. He was the son of Oliver Ellsworth; born in Windsor County, Connecticut, November 10, 1791 ; graduated at Yale College in 1810; adopted the profession of law, and was Professor of Law in Trinity College ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1829 to 1833. In 1838 he was elected Governor of Connecti cut, and re-elected four years ; and for many years was a Judge of the Supreme Court 'of Connecticut. Died at Hartford, Connecticut, January 15, 1868. Elmendorf, Lucas. He graduated at Princeton in 1782, and was a Represen tative in Congress, from New York, from 1797 to 1803 ; a member of the Assembly of that State in 1804 and 1805 ; and a State Senator from 1814 to 1817. Died August 17, 1843, aged eighty-five years. Elmer, Ebenezer. He was born in Cedarville, New Jersey, in 1752; was edu cated a physician ; was a Field Officer in the Revolutionary war; also a Surgeon in the army; was President of the Society of the Cincinnati for New Jersey; a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1801 to 1807; served a number of years in the State Assembly, and was chosen Speaker; he was also for a long time Adjutant-General of the New Jersey Militia; during the war of 1812 he com manded the troops on the Delaware ; in 1807 and 1815 he was a member and Vice- President of the State Council; in 1808 he was appointed Collector of Bridgeton, and held the office for many years; and he 9 died at Bridgeton, New Jersey, October 18, 1843. He was one who always seemed to think more of his duty as a public offi cer than of his private interests. Elmer, Jonathan. He was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey, in 1745; was a prominent physician, and practised in his native county, having graduated with honors at the University of Pennsyl vania; was a member of the Continental Congress ; and a Senator in Congress un der the Federal Constitution, from New Jersey, from 1789 to 1791. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. During the Revolution he was a Sheriff, a Surrogate, and a Judge ; was a man of learning, and a member of the Philosophical Society of America. He died in 1817. Elmer, Lucius Q. C. Born in Bridgeton, New Jersey, in 1793 ; graduated at Princeton College ; was educated a law yer, which profession he practised in his native town. For many years he was Prosecutor for the State; was in the As sembly from 1820 to 1823. the last year be ing Speaker of that body; and in 1824 he was appointed Attorney of the United States for New Jersey, which office he filled until 1829. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1843 to 1845 ; in 1850 was appointed Attorncy- General of the State ; and in 1852 one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of his State, which office he continued to hold until 1859. Elmore, Franklin Harper. Bora in Laurens District, South Carolina, iu 1799; entered South Carolina College in November, 1817, and graduated in 1819; he was a lawyer by profession, and admit ted to the bar in 1821 ; was a Colonel of Militia, and also a Trustee of the South Carolina College. In 1822 he was elected Solicitor of the Southern Circuit, and was continued in this office, by re-elections, un til 1837, when he was elected to the House of Representatives in Congress, and served till 1839; he was that year elected President of the Bank of the State of South Carolina, which office he held till his ap pointment to the Senate, in April, 1850, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of the Hon. John C. Calhouu. His voice was heard but once in the Senate, and then in answering to his name when called by the Secretary. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, May 29, 1850. Ely, Alfred. Was born in Lyme, New London County, Connecticut, Febru^ ary 18, 1815; removed to Rochester, New York, in 1835 ; studied law, and was. ad mitted to the bar in 1841, where he has since practised his profession. In 1840, while a student at law, he was appointed Clerk of the Recorder's Court of Roches- 130 STOGEAPIIICAL RECOEDS. ter; in 1858 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress; was re-elected, and while in the Thirty-seventh Congress served as Chair man of the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. In July, 1861, he was a witness of the battle of Bull Run, where he was cap tured and taken as a prisoner of war to Richmond; after a confinement of more than five months, he was exchanged in December, 1861, for the Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, the American Minister to France, who had been imprisoned for dis loyalty. After his return home, Mr. Ely published a book with this title, " Journal of Alfred Ely, a Prisoner of War in Rich mond," edited by the author of this Dic tionary. Ely, John. He was born in Connect icut, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841, having previously served two years in the Assembly of that State. Ely, William. He graduated at Yale College in 1787; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1815, and died in 1817. Embree, Elisha.ftorn in Lincoln County, Kentucky, September 28, 1801, and removed with his father, in 1811, to the south-western portion of Indiana Terri tory, where he long continued to reside. He received a common-school education, after which he studied and practised law. In 1813 he was elected to the State Senate of Indiana; in 1835 was chosen by the Legislature Circuit Judge, which office he held for ten years. In 1847 he was elected Representative in the Thirtieth Congress, from Indiana, and after the expiration of that term became engaged in agricultural pursuits. Died at Princeton, New Jersey, March 7, 1863. Emotl, James. Born in Albany, New York, in 1770 ; he did not receive a col legiate education, but in 1800 Union Col lege conferred on him the degree of A. M. He was a distinguished member of the bar, and under the old Constitution of New York, he, for several years, filled the office of first Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas for his county, and in that ca pacity gave that Court a rank among the best of the State. Under the Constitution of 1821 he was appointed Judge for the Second District, which station he filled until he reached the age of sixty years, which required him to retire. He was a Representative in Congress, from his na tive State, from 1809 to 1813, and died in Poughkeepsie, April 7, 1850. Emrie, J. Reece. He was born in Ohio, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. English, James E. Was born in New Haven, Connecticut', in March, 1812; entered early in life into mercantile pur suits, and continued to do business as a merchant until 1855 ; since which he has been extensively engaged in several branches of manufacture. In 1855 he was a member of the Legislature of Connecti cut; in 1856 was elected to the State Sen ate, and declined a re-election ; ^vas a candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of Con necticut in 1860, but was not elected ; and was elected a Representative, from his native State, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress ; and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Public Lands and Expenditures in the State Department. He was also a Dele gate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866 ; and was elected Governor of Connecticut for the term ending in 1869. English, William JET. Born in Scott County, Indiana, August 27, 1822. He received a good common-school educa tion, and spent three years at the Univer sity of South Hanover; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1846, but when at home is chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits ; in 1843 he was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives of Indiana; during President Polk's administration he was a Clerk in the Treasury Department ; he was the Clerk of the State Constitu tional Convention in 1850; in 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature, and offi ciated as Speaker; in 1852 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Indi ana; re-elected in 1854, and made a Re gent of the Smithsonian Institution ; again elected in 1856, and during the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress took part in the Kansas Compromise measure, and offi ciated at the same time as Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Eppes, John IF. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815; was a Senator in Congress from 1817 to 1819, when he resigned from ill health. He died near Richmond, Virginia, Sep tember, 1823, aged fifty years. Erdman, Jacob. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Died in Lehigh County, July 20, 1867. Ervin, James. Born in South Car olina, in October, 1778 ; graduated at Brown University in 1797; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1800; served in the State Legislature in 1801 and 1802, and from 1804 to 1816 ; was a Solici- BIOGRAPHICAL ItECOEDS. 131 tor of the Northern Circuit ; eight years a Trustee of the South Carolina College ; a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1817 to 1821, and died in 1841. Estill, Benjamin. He was born in Washington County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1825 to 1827. EtJieridge, Emerson. He was born in Ctirrituck, North Carolina, September 28, 1819 ; when thirteen years of age he re moved to Tennessee, where he received a common-school education; and, having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1845 he was elected to the State Legislature for two years, and was at once nominated for Speaker, which he lost by two votes; and in 1853 he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-third Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-fourth, and also to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving, during his last term, as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Af fairs. On the meeting of the Thirty-sev enth Congress he was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives. Eustis, George, Jr. He was born in Louisiana, and was educated at Harvard University; practised law in New Orleans, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Eustis, William. Was born in Cam bridge, Massachusetts, June 10, 1753. After graduating at Harvard College in 1782, he studied medicine with Dr. Joseph Warren. At the beginning of the war he was appointed Surgeon of a regiment, and afterwards Hospital Surgeon. In 1777, and during most of the war, he occupied, as a hospital, the spacious house of Colonel Robinson, a royalist, opposite to West Point ; Arnold had his head-quarters in the same house. At the termination of the war he commenced the practice of his profession in Boston. In 1800 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, serving until 1805. In 1809 he was appointed Secretary of War by President Madison, and continued in office until 1813, when, on account of the surrender of Hull, he resigned, In 1815 he was sent as Ambassador to Holland. After his return, he was a Representative in Congress from 18SO to 1823. He was chosen Governor of Massachusetts in 1823, and died in Boston, after a short illness, February 6, 1825. Evans, Alexander. He was born at Elkton, Cecil Counjy, Maryland, his ancestors having settled in that county more than a hundred years ago. His education was received at a village school until fifteen years of age, and his first avocation was that of a civil engineer. In 1842 he commenced the study of law in his native town, and was admitted to the bar in 1845. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1847 to 1853, since which time he has practised his profession at Elkton. In 1842 he was elected Corresponding Mem ber of the National Institute at Washing ton, and in 1849 received the degree of A.M. from Delaware College. In 1851 he was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Sci ence, and also a member of the Historical Society of Baltimore. Evans, David E. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Twentieth Congress, but resigned, and P. L. Tracy was elected in his place. Evans, David M. Born in West moreland, England, February 20, 1769; and, having removed to South Carolina, was educated at Mount Ziou College; studied law, and came to the bar in 1796 ; served in the State Legislature from 1800 to 1803; from 1804 to 1811 was Solicitor for the Middle District of South Carolina ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815 ; in 1818 and 1822 was a member of the State Senate ; and was for many years the President of a Bible Society, and also of Mount Zioii Society. Died March 8, 1843. Evans, George. Born in Hallowell, Maine, January 12, 1797; graduated at Bowdein College, September 3, 1815; was a lawyer by profession ; was Speaker of the House of Representatives of Maine in 1829 ; a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1841, and United States Senator, from Maine, from 1841 to 1847. From 1849 to 1850 he was a Commissioner of the Board of Claims against Mexico ; Attorney- General of Maine in 1853, 1854, and 1856, and died in Portland, April G, 1867. Dur ing his service in the Senate he served with ability as Chairman of the Commit tee on Commerce. Evans, John. lie was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Delaware, from 1776 to 1777. Evans, Joshua. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. Evans, Josia7i, Jr. He was born in the District of Marlborough, South Caro lina, November 27, 1786; he was for a time a merchant's clerk, but graduated at South Carolina College in 1808; taught school for one year; studied law, and rose to a high legal position ; at an early age, in 1812, 1813, and 1816, he was sent to the Legislature ; by that body made Solicitor for the State from his District, which 132 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. position he held for thirteen years; in 1830 he was chosen a Judge of the Su preme Court, which office he held until 1852, when he was elected to the United States Senate for the terra ending in 1859, He died May 6, 1858, of disease of the heart, having, only an hour before his death, been partaking of the hospitalities at dinner of his friend and colleague, Senator Hammond. He was Chairman of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Contingent Expenses of the Sen ate, and also a member of the Committees on Patents and on Naval Affairs. Evans, Lemuel D. He was born in Tennessee, and was elected a Representa tive, from Texas, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Evans, Nathan. Born in Belmont County, Ohio, June 24, 1804; received a common-school education, and studied law, being admitted to practice in 1831. He was Prosecuting Attorney for Guern sey County for four years, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from' Ohio, from 1847 to 1849, and now follows his profes sion iu Cambridge, Ohio. Evans, Thomas. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1801. Eveleigh, Nic7iolas.-Ilcwas a Del egate, from South Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress from 1781 to 1782. Everett, Edward. Born in Dor chester, Massachusetts, April, 1794. He received his early education at Boston, and entered Harvard College when little more than thirteen years old, leaving it with first honors four years later, unde cided as to a pursuit for life. He turned his attention for two years to the profes sion of divinity; but, in 1814, he was in vited to accept the new Professorship of Greek Literature at Cambridge, Massachu setts, with permission to visit Europe. He accepted the office, and, before enter ing on its duties, embarked at Boston for Liverpool. He passed more than two years at the famous University of Gottin- gen, engaged in the study of the German language and the branches of learning connected with his department. He passed the winter of 1817-'18 at Paris. The next spring he again visited London, and passed a few weeks at Cambridge and Oxford. In the autumn of 1818 he re turned to the continent, and divided the winter between Florence, Rome, and Naples. In the spring of 1819 he made a short tour in Greece. He came home in 1819, and entered at once upon the duties of his professorship. Soon after his re turn he became the editor of the "North American Revicw,"a journal which, though supported by writers of great ability, had acquired only a limited circulation. Un der its new editor the demand increased so rapidly that a second and sometimes a third edition of its numbers was required. In 1824 he delivered the annual oration before the Phi-Beta-Kappa Society, at Cambridge, Massachusetts. This was the first of a series of orations and ad dresses delivered by him on public occa sions of almost every kind during a quarter of a century, and afterwards col lected in several volumes. Up to 1824 he had taken no active interest in politics, but the constituency of Middlesex, Mas sachusetts, without any solicitation on his part, returned him to Congress. For ten years he sat in Congress, aud was a work ing member. In 1835 he retired from Congress, and was for four successive years chosen Governor of Massachusetts. In 1841 he was appointed to represent the United States at the Court of St. James. Although the Secretaryship of State at Washington was held by four different statesmen, of various politics, during his mission, he enjoyed the confidence and approbation of all. His scholarship was recognized by the bestowal of the degree of D.C.L. by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. He returned to America in 1845, and was chosen President of Har vard College, which office he resigned in 1849. On the death of Mr. Webster he was appointed Secretary of State by Pres ident Fillmore, which office he resigned for a seat in the Senate, serving from March, 1853, to May, 1854. This position he also resigned, after which time, al though leading the quiet life of a scholar, he greatly added to his reputation by de livering orations on the Life of Washing ton, and on other topics, all being for charitable purposes. He was the intimate friend of Daniel Webster, and wrote the best Life extant of that distinguished man, whose collected writings he edited. In 1860 he was nominated by the Union party as their candidate for the office of Vice-President of the United States, but was defeated. Died in Boston, January 15, 1865. His last public position was that of Presidential Elector in 1864. Everett, Horace. A native of Ver mont, was born in 1780; he was a lawyer by profession; settled in Windsor, aud distinguished himself as one of the most successful jury advocates in Vermont. He served in the State Legislature iu 1819, 1820, 1822, 1823, 1824, and 1834; was State's Attorney for Windsor County from 1813 to 1817, and was a prominent member of the State Constitutional Con vention of 1828. He was a Representa tive iu Congress from 1829 to 1843, and had the title conferred upon him of Doctor of Laws. Died at Windsor, Vermont, Janu ary 30, 1851. Everhart, William. lie was bora BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 133 in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. The circumstance is related of this gentleman, that it was his misfor tune, many years ago, to be wrecked on the coast of Ireland, where he and five survivors of the ill-fated vessel were treated with great kindness; and that, during the famine in Ireland a few years ago, he loaded a ship with provisions, at his own expense, and sent her to Ireland, by way of expressing his gratitude. Ewlng, Andrew. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress from 1849 to 1851. Took part ill the Rebellion. Ewiny, Edivin If. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1845 to 1847. Took part in the Rebellion. Eivinff, John. He was born at sea, while his parents were on their way from Ireland to Baltimore. He was bred to mercantile pursuits, but acquired a taste for literature. He served in both branches of the Legislature of Indiana, and was a Representative of that State, in Con gress, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1837 to 1839. He died suddenly and alone, at Vincennes, in the winter of 1857, leaving on his table these lines : " Here lies a man who loved his friends, His God, his country, and Vincennes." Eivinff, John H. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Ewinff, Presley. Born in Ken tucky, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-third Congress ; he died at the Mammoth Cave, September 27, 1854. He was considered one of the most promising young men of the State. He had been liberally educated, and, before entering Congress, had twice served in the Legislature of Kentucky, and he had also travelled extensively in Europe. Eivinff, Thomas. He was born near West Liberty, Ohio County, Virginia, De cember 28, 1789; he received his early education chiefly from an elder sister, and, with his father's family, settled in the wilds of Ohio, about 1792, where he en joyed the advantages of a winter school and an academy ; his life, during his youth and early manhood, was one of continuous toil; in 1814 he was a school-teacher ; in 1815 he received the degree of A.B. from the Athens Academy, the first ever granted in Ohio ; and he studied law and was ad mitted to the bar in 1816, practising with success in the courts of Ohio and the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1830 lie was elected to a seat in the United States Senate, from Ohio, where he re mained until 1837; he was a member of President Harrison's cabinet, as Secretary of the Treasury, in 1841 ; on the accession of President Taylor to the Presidency, in 1849, he was invited into the cabinet, and took charge of the new Department of the Interior; and, in 1850, he was appointed to a seat in the United States Senate, where he remained until 1851, when he retired from political life, and resumed the practice of his profession in Ohio. He was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1SG1; and also chosen a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " in 1866, but did not take part iu its proceedings. Ewlng, William L. Z>. He was a Senator in Congress by appointment, from Illinois, from 1836 to* 1837. Died March 25, 1846, aged fifty-one years, while hold ing the office of State Auditor. Fairfleld, John. Born -in Saco, Maine, January 30, 1797. He received a common-school education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1826. In 1832 he was appointed Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court ; from 1835 to 1839 he was a Representative in Congress, from Maine ; he was Governor of the State during the years 1839, 1840, 1842, and 1843 ; and he was elected a Sen ator in Congress, in 1843, to fill a vacancy, and in 1845 was re-elected for a term of six years ; but he died at Washington, December 24, 1847, after a surgical oper ation for the relief of a local complaint. Faran, James J. He was born in Ohio, residing at Cincinnati, and was a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirti eth Congress. Farelly, John W. He was the son of Patrick, named below, and was born in Meadville, Pennsylvania, in July, 1809; was a member of the State Legislature in 1828; a State Senator from 1838 to 1841; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849 ; and Sixth Audi tor of the Treasury, from 1849 to 1853. Farelly, Patric7c.T$orn in Ireland in 1760; was a lawyer by profession, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1826. Died January 12, 1826, at Meadville, Pennsyl vania, before the expiration of his term in Congress. Farlee, Isaac G. He was born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, 'from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Farley, E. Wilder. lie was born in Maine, in 1818; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1836 ; studied law, and was iu 134 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. the State Legislature in 1845 ; and from 1851 to 1853 ; and was a Eepresentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1853 to 1855. He also served in the State, Senate in 1856. Farlin, Dudley. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837, and died at Warrens- burg, New York, September 26, 1837. Farnsworth, John F. Was born in the township of Eaton, Lower Canada, March 27, 1820; is a lawyer by profession, and was a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress, from Illinois, and was a member of the Committee on Revolution ary Pensions. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1861 he took part in the war as a Colonel of Volunteers. He raised and took into the field the Eighth Regiment of Illinois Cavalry, serving in the Army of the Poto mac until 1863 ; and in 1863 and 1864 he raised the Seventeenth Regiment of Illi nois Volunteers by order of the War De partment. He was brevetted a Brigadier- General in 1862. Re-elected to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Appropriations, and as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution ; and on the Committees on the South Carolina Murders, and Reconstruction. He was a Delegate to the Pittsburg " Soldiers' Con vention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Reconstruction and the Post- Office. Farquhar, John If. He was born in Frederick County, Maryland, Decem ber 20, 1818; removed to Indiana with his father's family in 1833 ; from 1837 to 1840 he served his adopted State as a Civil Engineer; studied law and practised the profession ; in 1842 and 1843 he was Sec retary of the Indiana Senate ; was Chief Clerk of the State House of Representa tives in 1844 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1860, and in 1861 he was commissioned a Captain in the Nineteenth United States Infantry, in which capacity he served un til 1864, when he resigned, and was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and on the Militia. Farrington, James. He was born in New Hampshire in 1791, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1830. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1830, 1832, and 1833. Died at Rochester, New York, October 29, 1859. Farrow, Samuel. Born in Vir ginia in 1760; served in the Revolution ary war, and was wounded ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1793 ; was elected to Congress from South Carolina as a Representative for the terms from 1813 to 1817, but resigned in 1816; served in the State Legislature from 1817 to 1821 ; and died at Columbia, November 18, 1824. Fanvell, Nathan A. He was born in the town of Unity, Maine, in 1812, and received a public-school education ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1860, 1863, and 1864; was a member of the State Senate in 1853, 1854, 1861, and 1862, pre siding as President of that body during the latter year ; was also a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention in 1864; and in October of that year he was appointed, and soon afterwards elected, a Senator in Congress, from Maine, for the unexpired term of William P. Fessenden, \vho had resigned, taking his seat during the sec ond session of the Thirty-eighth Congress. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia " Loyalists' Convention" of 18C6. FaulJfner, Charles J". Born in Berkeley County, Virginia, about the year 1805. He received a collegiate education ; came to the bar in 1829 ; was, in 1832 and 1833, elected to the House of Delegates ; soon afterwards appointed a Commissioner to report upon the boundary between Vir ginia and Maryland; in 1841 was elected to the Senate of Virginia, and in 1848 was again elected to the House of Delegates ; in 1850 was a member of the Convention formed to revise the Constitution of the State, and having, in 1851, been elected a Representative in Congress, was re-elect ed to each successive Congress, and was, during the first session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, a member of the Committee to Inquire into the Sale of the Fort Snelliug Reservation ; also serving on the Com mittee on Military Affairs, and in a subse quent Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. In Jan uary, 1860, he was appointed by Presi dent Buchanan Minister to France. He returned to America in 1861, was suspect ed of disloyalty, imprisoned at Fort War ren, and exchanged for Hon. Alfred Ely in December of that year. Fay, Francis B. He was born in Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate in 1842 and 1845; Mayor of Chelsea in 1857 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1852 to 1853. Fay, John. He was born in Worces ter County, Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821. Fearing, Paul. Born in Wareham, Massachusetts, February 28, 1762; grad uated at Harvard University in 1785 ; stud ied law, and emigrated to Ohio, where he BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 135 became distinguished in his profession. He settled in Marietta in 1788, after per forming the journey from Baltimore over the mountains on foot. Soon after his arrival he was appointed United States Attorney for Washington County, in that Territory. In 1797 he was appointed Judge of Probate for his county, and in 1801 was chosen a Delegate to Congress, serving- until 1803. In 1814 he was ap pointed Master Commissioner in Chan cery, and from 1810 to 1817 was Judge in one of the State Courts. In 1808 he en gaged extensively in the raising of Meri no sheep, producing the best description of wool, and stimulating others to unite in the business. He died August 21, 1822. Featherston, W. S. He was born in Tennessee, and, on taking up his resi dence in Mississippi, was elected a Rep resentative in Congress from 1847 to 1851. Took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a Brigadier-General. Felch, Alphcus.'Born in Limerick, York County, Maine, September 28, 1806. He graduated at Bovvdoiu College, and adopted the law as a profession. He emi grated to Michigan when quite young ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1836 and 1837 ; was appointed Bank Com missioner of Michigan in 1838, and re signed in 1839 ; for a short time in 1842 was Auditor-General of the State, but re linquished that position for a seat on the bench of the Supreme Court of Michigan; in 1845 he was elected Governor of Mich igan, and having resigned in 1847, was elected a Senator in Congress for six years. He was appointed by President Pierce one of the Commissioners to settle Land Claims in California, under the Act of Congress and the Treaty of Guada- lupe Hidalgo, in March, 1853 ; the business of which commission was closed by dis posing of all the cases before it in March, 1856, since which time he has lived in re tirement. He was also a Dele-gate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864. Felder, John M. Born in Orange- burg District, South Carolina, July 7, 1782; graduated at Yale College in 1804; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808 ; was a member of the State As sembly in 1812, and subsequently of the Senate ; was a Trustee of South Carolina College ; and served as a Major of Militia ; and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1831 to 1835. Died at Union Point September 1, 1851. Fell, John. He was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Fenner, James. Born in Provi dence, Rhode Island, in 1771 ; graduated at Brown University in 1789, from which Institution he received the degree of LL.D. He was for more than half a cen tury actively connected with the public afl'airs of his native State; was United States Senator from 1805 to 1807, when he was elected Governor of Rhode Island, which office he held four years ; was re- elected in 1824, and served seven years, and was again elected in 184-1 ; was a Presidential Elector, in 1821, 1827, and 1837 ; and was President of the Conven tion that formed the State Constitution in 1842. He died in Providence, April 17, 1846. Fenton, Reuben E. Born in Car roll, Chatauque County, New York, July 1, 1819; was educated at Pleasant Hill and Fredonia Academies, and adopted the pro fession of law, but pursued the mercantile business. In 1843 he was elected Super visor of the town of Carroll. He was elected a Representative, in the Thirty- third and Thirty-fifth Congresses, from New York, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims ; was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions ; was also elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, which position he resigned to accept the Gov ernorship of New York for 1865 and 1866, to which he had been elected. Re-elected. Ferguson, Fenner. Born in Rens- selaer County, New York, April 25, 1814. His education was academic, and he is a lawyer by profession ; he was Master in Chancery in Albany, New York, in 1844; also Master in Chancery in Michigan; a member of the Michigan Legislature, and Prosecuting Attorney. June 29, 1854, he was appointed by President Pierce Chief Justice of the Territory of Nebraska, which office he resigned, after being elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Con gress from that Territory. Died at Bel- levue, Nebraska Territory, in November, 1859. Ferris, Charles G. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Ferriss, Orange. He was born at Glen's Palls, Warren County, New York, November 26, 1814; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1836; studied law and came to the bar in 1840. In 1841 he was appointed Surrogate of his county for four years; in 1851 he was elected under the new constitution Judge of War ren County, and twice re-elected, holding the office twelve years in all. Towards the close of the Rebellion he was appointed 136 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Provost Marshal for his district, but de clined, and in 18GG he was elected a Rep resentative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revision of Laws, Mines and Mining, and Weights and Measures. Ferry, Orris S. Born in Bethel, Connecticut, August 15, 1823; graduated at Yale College in 1844 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he received the appointment of Lieuten ant-Colonel of the First Division Con necticut Militia; in 1849 was appointed Judge of Probate for the District of Nor- \valk; elected to the State Senate in 1855 and 1856 ; in 1856 he was appointed State's Attorney for the County of Fairlield, which position he continued to occupy until 1859, when he was elected a Representative to the Thirty-sixth Congress from Connect icut, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Revolutionary Claims, and the Spe cial Committee of thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He served with dis tinction as a Colonel and Brigadier-Gen- erel in the war for the Union, and in 1866 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing March, 1867, and ending in 1873. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven tion "of 1866 and of the " Soldiers' Conven tion " held at Pittsburg. The Committees upon which he served were those on Pri vate Land Claims, Patents and the Patent Office, Public Buildings and Grounds, and Territories. Ferry, TJiomas W. He was born in Mackinac, Michigan, June 1, 1827; was self-educated; has ever been occupied in business affairs. In 1850 he was elected to the State Legislature; to the State Senate in 1856 ; for eight years he was an active member of the Republican State Committee ; was a Delegate at large to the "Chicago Convention" of 1860, and a Vice- President; was appointed in 1863 Com missioner for Michigan of the Soldiers' National Cemetery at Gettysburg; and in 1864 was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Ofllce and Post Roads, the Militia, and the War Debts of Loyal States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Fcssenden, Samuel C. Was born in New Gloucester, Maine, March 7, 1815; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1834, and completed his education at the Bangor Theological Seminary in 1837 ; in 1838 he was ordained and installed as Pastor of the Second Congregational Church, in Thom- aston, now Rockland, and dismissed, at his own request, in 1856; during that year he established the " Maine Evangelist ; " in 1858 he entered upon the practice of law; soon after taking that step he was elected Judge of the Municipal Court of Rockland ; and he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on the District of Columbia, Government Employes, and Unfinished Business. In 1865 he was appointed a member of the Board of Examiners of the Patent Office. Fessenden, T. A. !>. Was born in Portland, Maine, January 23, 1826 ; gradu ated at Bowdoin College in 1845; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Convention that nominated General Fremont for President; in 185S was ap pointed Aide-de-camp to the Governor of Maine ; in 1860 was elected to the Maine Legislature; and in 1861 was chosen At torney for the County of Androscoggin, which position he held until 1862, when he was elected a Representative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress for the unexpired term of C. W. Walton, re signed, serving on the Committee on Pri vate Land Claims. Fessenden, William Pitt. Born at Boscawen, New Hampshire, October 16, 1806; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1823 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Portland in 1827, where he has continued the practice to the present time ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1832, and re-elected in 1840; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, declining further service ; was again in the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846, and re- elected in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress for six years, from March, 1853, serving as a member of the Committee on Finance ; and in 1859 was re-elected for the term of six years, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Fi nance, on the Library Committee, and also as a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He was a member, in 1832, of the Conven tion which nominated Henry Clay for President, and also of the Conventions that nominated Generals Taylor and Scott. During the summer of 1858 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Bow doin College, of which institution he is a Trustee. He was also a member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861. In July, 1864, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Secretary of the Treasury, in the place of S. P. Chase, resigned ; and soon afterwards received from Harvard University the de gree of LL.D. In 1864 he was re-elected a Senator in Congress for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1871. He resigned his position in the cabinet and again took his seat in the Senate, March 4, 1865, and was again placed at the head of the Committee on Finance. At the succeeding session of Congress he was made Chairman of the Special Joint Com mittee on Reconstruction, so called, and BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 137 was the author of the Report of that Com mittee recommending an Amendment to the Constitution. lie was also a member of the Committee on Foreign Relations and again of that on the Library, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Feiv, William. Born in Maryland June 8, 1748. When he was ten years of age he removed with his father to North Carolina, where he received a good edu cation. He was a Colonel in the Revolu tionary army, and distinguished himself in several actions with the British and Indians. He settled in Georgia in 1776, and in 1778 was Surveyor-General of the State, and Presiding Judge of the Rich mond County Court; in 1780 he was sent as Delegate to Congress, and remained in that body until the peace ; and was again appointed in 1780; and in the next year he assisted in forming the National Con stitution, which he duly signed ; after the adoption of which, he was elected a Sen ator in Congress, serving from 1789 to 1703; in 1796 he was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitu tion of the State of Georgia, and subse quently served three years upon the Bench, as well as in the Legislature of that State. He resided during his latter years in the City of New York, of which he was Mayor, and whence he went to the Legislature of that State, and where he also held the office of Commissioner of Loans. Ha died at FUhkill, New York, July 16, 1828. FicJclin, Orlando JR. A native of Kentucky, and born in 1808 ; he received a plain English education; studied law, and graduated at the Transylvania Law- School, commencing to practise in 1830, in Mount Carmel, Illinois. In 1834 he was a member of the Legislature, and was Attorney for the Wabash Circuit in 1835. In 1838 and in 1842 was again elected to the Legislature; and in i843 was elected a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, serving six consecutive years, and was re-elected in 1850. In 1853 he was Colonel of Militia; since which time he has been engaged in the practice of his profession and in agricul tural pursuits. In 1856 he was a Presi dential Elector. Field, RicJiard S. He was born in New Jersey, and held a seat in the United States Senate, from that State, for a few months, in 1862-'63, by appointment, in place of J. R. Thompson, deceased, when he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the District Court of the United States of New Jersey. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Fields, William C.lle was born in the City of New York, February 13, 1804 ; received a common-school education; adopted the business of a merchant and a manufacturer ; was for three years Clerk of Otsego County, sixteen years a Justice of the Peace in the Town of Laurens and subsequently Supervisor of the town; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from New York, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Accounts. Fillmore, Millard.ftorn January 7, 1800, at Summer Hill, Cayuga County, in the State of New York. At an early age he was sent to Livingston County, at that time a wild region, to learn the clothier's trade, and about four months later he was apprenticed to a wool-carder, in the town in which his father lived. During the four years that he worked at his trade he did what he could to supply the defects of his early education. At the age of nineteen he commenced the study of law, and de voted a portion of his time to teaching school. In 1821 he removed to Erie Coun ty, and pursued his legal studies in the City of Buffalo. Two years later he was admitted to the Common Pleas, and com menced the practice of the law at Aurora, in the same county. In 1827 he was ad mitted as an Attorney, and in 1829 as a Counsellor in the Supreme Court, and in the following year he removed to Buffalo. His political life commenced with his elec tion to the State Assembly, in which he took his seat in 1829. In 1832 he was elected to Congress, and took his seat in the following year. In 1835, at the close of his term in office, he resumed the prac tice of the law, but was re-elected to Con gress in 1837. During this term he took a more prominent part in the business of the House than during his former terra, and was assigned a place on the Commit tee on Elections. He was successively re- elected to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty- seventh. Congresses. At the close of the first session of the Twenty-seventh Con gress, he declined a re-election, returned to Buffalo, and again devoted himself to his profession. In 1847 he was elected to the office of Comptroller of the State. In 1848 he was nominated by the Whigs as their candidate for Vice-President, and elected to that office in the autumn of the same year. In March, 1849, he resigned his office of Comptroller, to assume the duties of his new position, where he re mained until the death of President Tay lor, in July, 1850, by which he was elevated to the Presidential chair. His term of office expired March 4, 1852. Since his retirement from public life he has visited Europe. Finch, Isaac. He was a native of New York ; a member of the Assembly of 138 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. that State in 1822 and 1824 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Finck, JTill iam E. lie was born in Ohio, in 1822; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of that State when twenty-one years of age; in 1851 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio; in 1852 was a member of the National Convention which nominated General Scott for the Presidency; in 1861 he was again elected a State Senator, and in 1802 he was chosen a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a mem ber of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and Roads and Canals. Find-lay, James* He was a native of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and a member of Congress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1833. He died at Cincinnati, Ohio, December 21, 1835. Findlay, 7o7m. He was a Repre sentative ia Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1827. He was born in Frank lin County, Pennsylvania, and was a brother of James and William Findlay, who were also in Congress. Findlay, William. lie was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania; was Gov ernor of Pennsylvania from 1817 to 1820; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1827. Died November 14, 1846, aged seventy-eight years. Findley, William. He came in early life from Ireland. In the Revolu tion he engaged with zeal in the cause of his adopted country, and at the close of the war he removed to Pennsylvania. He was a member of the Convention which framed the new Constitution of Pennsylvania, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1791 to 1799, and from 1803 to 1817. In his politics he op posed the administration of Mr. Adams, and supported Mr. Jefferson. He pub lished a Review of the Funding System in 1794, and a History of the Insurrection of the Four Western Counties of Penn sylvania in 1796. He died at Unity Town ship, Greousburg, April 5, 1821, aged up wards of seventy. Fine, John. Born in New York, August 26, 1784 ; graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1809 ; studied law at Litcli field, Connecticut, and settled in St. Lawrence County, New York ; was a Judge in that county for eighteen years, from 1821 to 1839, and again in 1844 ; a State Senator in 1848 ; was County Treas urer from 1821 to 1833; and a Representa tive in Congress from 1839 to 1841. He published a volume of law lectures. Died in Ogdensburg, January 4, 1867. Flnney, Darwin A. lie was born in Pennsylvania; received a good ed ucation ; studied law and devoted him self to the practice of the profession ; was a member for several 3'cars of the Assembly and Senate of Pennsylvania, and in 1866 he was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Ex penditures in the State Department. FisJi, Hamilton. He was born in New York City in 1809 ; graduated at Co lumbia College ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830 ; in 1837 was elected to the State Legislature; was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ; Governor of New York from 1848 to 1850; and a Senator in Congress, from 1851 to 1857. Of late years he has been travelling in Europe. Fisher, Charles. Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, October 20, 1789. He received an academical education, and studied law, but did not practise to any extent. He commenced public life by going into the State Senate in 1818, and in 1819 was elected to Congress from North Carolina, where he served during his term. In 1821 he was elected again to the State Legislature, where he served almost continuously until 1836. He was a Delegate to the Convention to amend the State Constitution in 1835 ; and from 1839 to 1841 was again a Representative in Congress. He died at Hillsborough, Scott County, Mississippi, May 7, 1849, while returning home from an extended tour in the South-west. FisJier, David. He was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, Decem ber 3, 1794; received an English educa tion, chiefly in a log school-house ; brought up to clearing land and farming in Ohio ; he has done something also as a lay preacher; in 1842 he was elected to the Legislature of Ohio ; and he was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1845. His chair in the House of Representatives was next to that of the late John Quincy Adams, and when the great statesman fainted, before his death, he fell into the arms of Mr. Fisher. He is the author of a theological work on the " Divinity of Christ." Fisher, George. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1830, and a member of the New York Assembly, from Tioga County, in 1835. FisJier, George P. Born in Milford, Kent County, Delaware, October 13, 1817; graduated at Dickinson College, Penusyl- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 139 vania, in 1838 ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1841 ; in 1840 he was Clerk of the Delaware Senate ; in 1843 and 1844 he was elected to the Delaware House of Representatives; in 1846 he became Secretary of State of Delaware ; iu 1849 he went into the State Department at Washington as the Confidential Clerk of Secretary Clayton ; in 1850 he was ap pointed by President Taylor a Commis sioner to settle claims against Brazil, which office expired in 1852; from 1855 to 1860 he held the position of Attorney-Gen eral of the State of Delaware; and was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was subsequently appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Su preme Court for the District of Columbia. Fislc, James. Born about the year 1762; received a limited education, but studied law, and from his superior natural talent rose to eminence in his profession ; lie was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1805 to 1809, and from 1811 to 1815, when he was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont, He was a Senator iu Congress during the years 1817 and 1818, and resigned. In 1812 he was appointed by President Mad ison Judge of the Territory of Indiana, and in 1817 Collector of the Port of Al- burg, which office he held eight years. He died December 1, 1844. Fisk, Jonathan. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Fitch, Asa. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813. Fitch, G. 2f* Born in Le Roy, Gen- esee County, New York, in December, 1810. He received his education at Mid- dlebury and Geneva, but did not graduate ; he studied medicine, and was a Medical Professor in the Rush Medical College at Chicago, Illinois, from 1844 to 1849. In 1844, 1848, and 1856, he was chosen a Presidential Elector, and in 1836 and 1839 was elected to the Legislature of Indiana. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853, and in 1857 was chosen a Senator of the United States for the term ending in 1861, serving as a member of the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and on Indian Af fairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion " of 1866. Fitzgerald, Thomas. lie was a lawyer by profession ; served in the war of 1812, under General W. H. Harrison ; and in 1848 and 1849 was a Senator in Congress, from Michigan, under the ap pointment of the Governor. Died at Niles, Michigan, March 25, 1855. Fitzgerald, William. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833, and was a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. He was also Judge of the Circuit Court of Tennessee. FitzJiugJi, William. He was a Del egate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1779 to 1780; and was an eminent citizen of the State. FitzpatricJc, Benjamin. He was born in Greene County, Georgia, June 30, 1802 ; having been left an orphan when quite young, he emigrated with an elder brother, in 1815, to the valley of the Ala bama River, near Montgomery, where he has ever since resided. He received as good an education as new countries gen erally afford ; studied law, and was admit ted to practice in 1821 ; was shortly after wards elected Solicitor of the Judicial District in which he lived; was again elected to the same office in 1825, and held it until 1829 ; after which his health com pelled him to relinquish his profession, and settle upon a farm. He was a Presi dential Elector in 1840; in 1841 was elect ed Governor of Alabama; in 1843 was re- elected to the same position ; in 1852 he was appointed a Senator in Congress, to succeed Honorable W. R. King, which ap pointment was confirmed by the Legisla ture of his State, and at the conclusion of that term he was elected, in 1855, to the same position for the term ending in 1861.; retired from the Senate inFebruarj', 1861, and took part in the Rebellion of that year. For several sessions he served as President pro tern, of the Senate. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Na tional Union Convention" of 1866. Fitzsimons, Thomas. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1782 to 1783 ; was a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution and signed that instru ment ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1795; and died in August, 1811, aged seventy years. He was one of those who voted for locat ing the Seat of Government on the Poto mac. Flanders, Alvin. Born in Hopkin- tou, New Hampshire, in 1825; acquired the trade of a machinist in Boston ; re moved to California in 1851, where he was engaged in the lumber business until 1858 ; subsequently took part in establishing the San Francisco " Daily Times," with which. 140 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. he was connected until 18G1 ; during that year he was elected to the State Legisla ture ; spent two years in the United States Branch Mint; was appointed, in 1862, Register of the Huraboldt Bay Land Of fice, which he resigned, and then he re moved to Washington Territory, from which he was elected a Delegate to the Fortieth Congress. Flanders, Benjamin F. Born in Bristol, New Hampshire, January 26, 1816 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1842 ; studied law and settled in New Orleans; taught school in that city for a time, and became the editor of the " Tropic" newspa per; served as a member of the city gov ernment; was superintendent of a public school, and also of a railroad company ; and towards the close of the year 1861 he was elected, under a new order of things, a Representative, from Louisiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, taking his seat within a fortnight of its final adjournment. In 1867 he was appointed by military au thority, Governor of Louisiana, supersed ing J. M. Weils, having previously held a special appointment under the Treasury Department. Flemming, William. He was a Delegate from Virginia to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1781. Fletcher, Isaac. He was formerly a member of the Vermont Legislature, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. He died at Lyndon, Vermont, October 19, 1842. Fletcher, Richard. He was born in Cavendish, Vermont, January 8, 1788 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 180G ; served iu the Legislature of Massachu setts; was a Judge of the Supreme Court from 1848 to 1853; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1837 to 1839. Fletcher, Thomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1816 to 1817. Florence, Elias. 'Ke was born in Virginia ; and, having taken up his resi dence in Ohio, was elected a Representa tive in Congress from 1843 to 1845. Florence, Thomas B. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, January 26, 1812. He had not the benefit of a college education ; for a time he devoted himself to the occupation of a hatter ; he publish ed and edited, for several years, a Demo cratic newspaper; was nine years Secre tary of the Board of Controllers of Public Schools in Pennsylvania ; and was elected to Congress in 1850, where he served con tinuously until 1859, acting as a member of the Committees on Naval Affairs and Invalid Pensions. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and while occupying his seat as a Representative, established in Washington the " National Democratic Review," and subsequently ed ited the " Constitutional Union" in Wash ington. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion " of 1866. Flournoy, Thomas S. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representa tive iu Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He participated iu the great Rebellion, and was killed in battle in Vir ginia in June, 1864. Floyd, Charles A. He was born in New York, served in the Assembly of that State in 1836 and 1838, and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. Floyd, John. Born in Virginia, Oc tober 3, 1769. In consequence of the pecuniary losses of his father, he learned the trade of a carpenter, and in 1791 re moved to Georgia, and acquired wealth from the manufacture of boats. He served in the State Legislature, and was a Rep resentative of Georgia, in Congress, from 1827 to 1829. He was a Brigadier-General of Militia, and subsequently Major-Gener al, and served during the war of 1812. He died in Camden County, Georgia, June 24, 1839. Floyd, John. Was born in Jefferson County, Virginia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1829 ; served many years in the Legis lature of that State, and was Governor of Virginia from 1829 to 1834. He died at the Sweet Springs, in that State, August 16, 1837. Floyd, John G. He was a native of New York, served in the Assembly of that State, and was a Representative in Con gress, from the same, from 1839 to 1843, and from 1851 to 1853. Floyd, William. He was born in Suffolk County, New York, December 17, 1734 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1783, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1789 to 1791 ; a Presidential Elector in 1800, 1804, and 1820; and for three years a member of the New York State Senate ; in 1801 he was a member of the State Constitutional Convention. He died in Oneida County, New York, August 4, 1821. Flugler, TJiomas T. He was born in New York, served in the Assembly of that State in 1842 and 1843, and was a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1857. BIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. 141 Fogg, George G. He was born in Meredith, Belknap County, New Hamp shire, May 26, 1815; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1839 ; soon afterwards became Principal of the Hebron Academy ; was subsequently Professor of English Literature in the New Hampton Academi cal Institution, studying law at the same time ; and after a course of study at the Cambridge Liw School he was admitted to the bar in 1842. After practising for some years in Gilmanton. he was elected in 1846 to the State Legislature, and soon afterwards Secretary of State, when he became editor of the " Independent Dem ocrat," with which he has ever since been connected. In 1855 he was appointed Re porter of the Decisions of the Supreme Judicial Court of the State, which he re signed in 1859 ; in 1856 he was appointed Clerk of the Congressional Committee sent out by the House of Representatives to Kansas ; was a Delegate to the " Buffalo Free Soil Convention" of 1848; the " Pittsburg Convention " of 1852 ; the " Philadelphia Republican Convention" of 1850; and to the "Chicago Convention" of 1860 ; was a member of the Republican National Committee from 1856 to 1864, and Secretary of said Committee during the canvass for the re-election of Presi dent Lincoln in 18(50; in 1861 he was ap pointed by President Lincoln Minister Resident to Switzerland, returning in No vember 1865 ; and in 1866 he was appointed a Senator in Congress, from New Hamp shire, in the place of D. Clark, resigned; serving on the Committees on Foreign Af fairs, Claims, and Revolutionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of I860. Foley, James B. He was born in Kentucky, and, having taken up his resi dence in Indiana, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, in 1827, and was a member of the Commit tees on Agriculture and Expenditures in the Post Office Department. Folger, Walter. He was born at Nantucket, Massachusetts ; was a direct descendant of Benjamin Franklin ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate from 1809 to 1815, and also in 1822; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1831. Folsom, Nathaniel. He was a Del- ega^te from New Hampshire to the Conti nental Congress, in 1774, 1775, 1777, 1778, 1779, and 1780. Foot, Samuel A. Born in Cheshire, Connecticut, Novembers, 1780; graduated at Yale College in 1797, and commenced the practice of law in his native town. He ivas chosen a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, in 1819, 1823, and"l833; was Speaker of the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1825 and 1826 ; and Sen ator in Congress, from 1827 to 1833, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Pen sions. In 1834 he was elected Governor of the State, and in 1844 he was a Presi dential Elector. He died September 16, 1846. He it was who offered, on the floor of Congress, the famous resolutions, upon which was founded the great debate be tween Hayne and Webster. Foote, Solomon. He was born in Cornwall, Addison County, Vermont, No vember 19, 1802; graduated at Middlebury College in 1826; was for one year the Principal of Castleton Academy, and for a time a Tutor in the University of Vermont, and Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Vermont Academy of Medicine ; stud ied law and came to the bar in 1831, set tling in Rutland, where he always resided. He was a member of the Vermont Legis lature in 1833, 1836, 1837, 1838, and 1847 ; was Speaker of the House during his last three terms ; was a member, in 1836, of the Convention for altering the State Con stitution ; and was a State Attorney from 1836 to 1842. He was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ver mont, for the term commencing in 1851 and ending 1857, serving on the Commit tees on Foreign Affairs and the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Public Buildings and Grounds. He was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1863 ; also for a third term, end ing in 1869, continuing at the head of his old Committee, and as a member of those on Foreign Relations, Pensions, and Com merce. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accom pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. During a part of the Thirty- sixth, the whole of the Thirty-seventh, and a part of the Thirty-eighth Congresses, he was President pro tern, of the Senate. He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention" in 1864. Died in Washington, March 28, 1866, deeply lamented. Foote, Charles A. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Died in Delaware County, August 1, 1828. Foote, Henry . He was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, September 20, 1800, and was educated at Washington College, in that State; studied law, was admitted to the bar, and settled in Ala bama in 1824 ; in 1826 he removed to Mis sissippi, and there continued the practice of his profession; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was elected, in 1847, a Senator in Congress, where he remained until 1852, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations; and he was elected Governor of Mississippi iu 142 BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. 1852. He subsequently spent a few years in California. In 1859 he was a member of the Southern Convention held at Knox- ville, Tennessee, and during his life fought three duels. He identified himself with the great Rebellion, and was a member of the Confederate Congress ; and after the return of peace he published " The War of the Rebellion." Forbes, J~ames. He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Con gress from 1778 to 1780. Ford, James. He served two years in the Pennsylvania Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1829 to 1833. His life was honorably interwoven with the history of his State, and he died at Lawrenccville, Pennsylvania, August, 1859, aged seventy- six years. Ford. William D. He was born in Providence, Rhode Island-, served in the New York Assembly in 1816 and 1817; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Fornance, Joseph. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Forney, Daniel M. Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, May, 1784. Dur ing the late war with England he served as Major in the State line, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1815 to 1818, and in 1820 was appointed Commissioner to treat with the Creek Indians. From 1823 to 1826 he was a member of the State Legislature. In 1834 he removed to Lowndes County, Alabama, where he died in October, 1847. Forney, Peter. Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, April, 1756. He was a patriot and soldier of the Revolu tion. He served as a member of the State Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1813 to 1815. He served as- an Elector during the Presi dential campaigns of Jefferson. Madison, Monroe, and Jackson. Died February 1, 1834. Forrest, Thomas. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1822 to 1823, for the miexpired term of William Milnor. Died March 20, 1825. He was elected to Congress by one vote. Forrest, Uriah. He was a General in the Revolutionary war; lost a leg at the battle of Brandywine, was wounded at the battle of Germantown, from the effects of which he never recovered ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1786 to 1787; was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, during the years 1793 and 1794, and resigned. Died at his country seat near Georgetown, District of Columbia, in 1805. Forrester, John B. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, and was a member of the Co:n- mittee on Claims. Died August 31, 1845. Forsyth, John. He was born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, October 2, 1780; graduated at Princeton College in 1799 ; removed with his father to Charles ton, South Carolina, and afterwards to Augusta, Georgia. He studied law, and from 1802 to 1808 distinguished himself at the Georgia bar-, and in 1808 was Attorney- Gencral of the State; he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1813 to 1818, and from 1823 to 1827; a Senator in Congress, durinir the years 1818 and 1819, and from 1829 to *1837, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce ; Governor of Georgia in 1827, 1828, and 1829; Minister to Spain from 1819 to 1822; and was Secretary of State under President Jackson; in which position he was continued by President Van Buren until the end of his adminis tration. His superior abilities were uni versally acknowledged, and the dignity and elegance of his manners added much to his popularity. He died in Washing ton City, of bilious fever, October 21, 1841. Fort, Tomlinson. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1827 to 1829. He was at one time a mem ber of the Legislature of Georgia; prac tised the profession of medicine; and was President of the Central Bank of Georgia from 1832 until his death, which occurred May 11, 1859, aged seventy-two years. Forward, Chauncey. He was born at Old Granby, Connecticut, and was the younger brother of Walter Forward. About the year 1800 he removed to Ohio with his father ; was educated at Jefferson College ; studied law and came to the bar in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In 1817 he settled in Somerset, of that State ; was frequently elected to the State Legisla ture, serving in both Houses ; in 1825" he was elected a Representative in Congress for an unexpired term, and was twice re- elected, serving until 1831. He never quitted politics, nor ceased to practise his profession, but late in life took a special interest in matters connected with the Baptist Church, and became a very popular and successful preacher. He died at Somerset, October, 1839. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Forward, Walter. lie was born in Connecticut in 1786, where he received a liberal education. He removed to Pitts- burg in 1803, and studied law. In 1805 he became editor of the paper called the " Tree of Liberty ;" from 1806 to 1822 he was engaged in the practice of law, and, as a pleader, had few equals. In 1822 he was elected to Congress, from Pennsylvania, as a Representative, where he continued tili March, 1825. In 1837 he bore a prom inent part in the Peuusj'lvania Convention to reform the State Constitution. In March, 1841, President Harrison named him First Comptroller of the Treasury, which post he held until he was appointed by President Tyler Secretary of the Treasury. On retiring from President Tyler's cabinet, he resumed and continued his practice at the bar, until appointed by President Taylor Charge d'Affaires to Den mark, where he spent several years, re signing his situation to return home in order to accept the office of President Judge of the District Court of Alleghany County, to which he had been called by popular election. While in court, em ployed in his judicial duties, he was suddenly taken ill, and died in forty-eight hours, at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, Novem ber 24, 1852. Fosdiclk, Nicoll Born in New Lon don, Connecticut, November 9, 1785, of direct Puritan stock; in 1809 removed to Herkimer County, New York; was a Presidential Elector in 1816 ; a member of the Legislature of New York in 1818, again in 1819, and declined a re-election; was a Representative, from New York, in the Nineteenth Congress ; returned to his native place in 1843, and from 1849 to 1853 was Collector of Customs for the District of New London. Died in New London May 7, 1868. Foster, Abiel. Born in Andover, Massachusetts, August 8, 1735 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1756 ; studied theology, and was a pastor for eighteen years over the Congregational Church in Canterbury, New Hampshire ; and in 1780 was a Representative to the General Court ; was a Delegate, from New Hamp shire, to the Continental Congress from 1783 to 1785 ; and was present at Washing ton's resignation of the command of the army at Annapolis ; he was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1789 to 1791, and was again a Repre sentative in the Legislature, and a Dele gate to revise the State Constitution; was a member of the State Senate from 1793 to 1794, and in both years was President of that body ; and was re-elected to Con gress from 1795 to 1803. He died at Canterbury February 6, 1806. Foster, A. Latvrence.He was born in New York, aud was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Foster, Divight.Re was born in Massachusetts in 1757, and died at Brook- field, in that State, in April, 1823. He graduated at Brown University in 1774; studied and practised law; was County Sheriff and Judge of the Common Pleas; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1793 to 1799; and a Senator in Congress, from 1800 to 1803, when he resigned. Foster, Epliralin U.. He entered public life when quite young, and in 1829 was Speaker of the House of Representa tives of Tennessee. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, but in 1839 resigned his seat because he could not obey the instructions of the State Legislature; and in 1843 he was re-elected for two years. On his return from Wash ington he was a candidate for Governor, but failed of an election. He died at Nash ville, September 4, 1854. Foster, Henry A. He was born in New York; served in the Senate of that State from 1831 to 1834, and from 1841 to 1844 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839^; and was a Senator in Congress during the years 1844 and 1845, by appointment of the Governor. Foster, Henry D. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Foster, LaFayette S. He was born in Franklin, New London County, Connect icut, November 22, 1806, and is a direct descendant of Miles Standish. He grad uated at Brown University in 1828; studied law, and came to the bar in 1831 ; was a member of the General Assembly of Connecticut in 1839 and 1840, in 1846, 1847, and 1848, and 1854 ; was Speaker of the House in 1847, 1848, and 1854; Mayor of the City of Norwich for two years, in 1850 and 1851; received the degree of LL.D. from Brown University in 1850, and was chosen a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861, serving as a member of the Commit tees on Public Lands, Pensions, and the Judiciary. He was re-elected in 1860 for the term ending in 1867, and during the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Con gresses he was Chairman of the Commit tee on Pensions, and a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Private Land Claims, Indian Affairs, and Foreign Relations ; at the extra session of the Senate, in 1865, he was chosen President pro tern, of that body ; the death of Abraham Lincoln and the elevation of 144 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Andrew Johnson to the Presidency mak ing him acting Vice - President of the United States. During the subsequent recess, as a member of a Special Commit tee of the Senate, he visited some of the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi. Foster, Nathaniel G. Born at "The Fork," in Greene County, Georgia, August 25, 1809; graduated at Franklin College in 1839 ; read .law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Madison, Georgia, where he obtained a high reputation as an advocate and jury lawyer. He served three years as So licitor General of Ocmulgee Circuit, five years in the State Senate,"aud one year in the House ; and was a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Foster, Stephen C. Born in Ma- chias, Maine, December 24, 1799; com menced life as a blacksmith, but for the last twenty-five years has been a lumber- merchant and ship-builder; was in the Maine Legislature from 1834 to 1837, again in 1840, when he was President of the Senate, and again in 1847 ; was elected to Congress, from Maine, in 1856, serving through the Thirty-fifth Congress as a member of the Committee on Manufac tures. He is now President of the Wash ington Agricultural Society of his native State. He was also elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, and was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. Foster, Theodore. He was born in Massachusetts; graduated at Brown University in 1770 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1790 to 1803, and died in 1828, aged seventy-six years. Foster, Thomas F. Born in Greens- borough, Georgia, November 23, 1790. He graduated at Franklin College in 1812 ; read law at home, and at Litchfield, Con necticut, and was admitted to the bar in 1816. He was for many years a member of the Georgia Legislature ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1829 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 1843. He died in 1847. FouJce, Philip B. Born in Kaskas- kia, Illinois, January 23, 1818; was chief ly self-educated; was first a clerk and then a civil engineer; in 1841 he estab lished a paper called the " Belleville Ad vocate," which he printed and edited for four years; he then studied law, and after being admitted to practice, he was elected in 1846 Prosecuting Attorney for his Dis trict, and re-elected; in 1851 he was elected a member of the Illinois Legisla ture ; in 1856 he was again elected Prose cuting Attorney; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but served as a Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, resigning his commission in 1862. Foivler, John. He was a soldier in the war of the Revolution; attained the rank of Captain ; and was a member of Congress, from Kentucky, from 1797 to 1807. He died at Lexington, Kentucky, August 22, 1840, aged eighty-five years. Fowler, Joseph SmitJi. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio, August 31, 1822 ; graduated at Franklin College in 1843, in which Institution he was a Pro fessor of Mathematics for four years ; he commenced the study of law in Kentucky, but removing to Tennessee, was admitted to the bar in that State, which has since been his home. When the Rebellion broke out, he warmly espoused the Union cause ; in September, 1861, he left the State un der the forty days' proclamation of Jef ferson Davis, and resided in Springfield, Illinois, until April, 1862 ; and on his re turn he was Comptroller of Tennessee under Governor Johnson, and took a lead ing part in organizing the Union party and reorganizing the State government. In 1865 he was elected a Senator in Con gress from Tennessee for six years, but was not admitted to his seat until July, 1866. He was a Delegate to the Philadel phia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and the Committees upon which he was placed in the Senate were those on Manu factures, Territories, Foreign Affairs, Pensions, and as Chairman of that on Engrossed Bills. Fowler, Orin. He was born in Connecticut in 1795 ; graduated at Yale College in 1815; studied divinity, but turned his attention to politics ; was elected to the Senate of Massachusetts in 1848 ; and was a Representative in Con gress from 1849 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington City, Sep tember 3, 1852. He was at one time settled over a church in Plainfleld, Con necticut. Fowler, Samuel. Born in New Jersey in 1779 ; was a distinguished mem ber of the medical profession, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jer sey, from 1833 to 1837. Died in Sussex County, New Jersey, February 21, 1844. Fox, John. He was born in the City of New York in 1835 ; received a common- school education ; was bred to a mechani cal employment ; was elected an Alderman in the City Councils ; also held the office of Supervisor, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Invalid Pensions. BIOGEAPIIICAL RECORDS. 145 FrancJiot, Richard* Was born in Morris, Otsego County, New York, in 181G; received an English education; served as a Ci\'il Engineer for seven years ; subsequently turned his attention to fann ing; was President of the Albany and Susquehanna Railroad Company; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Dis trict of Columbia and the Pacific Railroad. Francis, John U. He was born in Rhode Island, and was a Senator in Con gress, from that State, from 1844 to 1845, having been Governor of Rhode Island from 1833 to 1838. He was also for many years a member of the State Legislature. Died in Providence, Rhode Island, August 9, 1864. Frank, Augustus. lie was born in Warsaw, Wyoming County, New York, July 17, 182G; early became engaged in mercantile pursuits, to which he was devoted for many years. In 1858 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Patents ; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library and on Mileage ; and for a third term was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, when he was made Chairman of the Com mittee on the Library, serving also on the Committee on Mileage, and the Select Committee on the Bankrupt Law. He was also a Delegate to the " State Consti tutional Convention " of 1867. Franklin-t Benjamin. Born in Boston, January 17, 1706; after various vicissitudes, when seventeen years of age he went to Philadelphia, and acquired the trade of a printer; with the help of Gov ernor Sir William Keith he visited Eng land, where he remained nearly two years ; on his return he became a Clerk, and then engaged in business on his own account ; in 1732 he commenced the publication of " Poor Richard's Almanac," which he con tinued until 1737 ; after that he established a newspaper, and held the various offices of State Printer, Clerk of the General Assembly, and Postmaster of Philadelphia. He was the father and patron of the Phil osophical Society, and of the Pennsylvania University and Hospital; in 1741 he pub lished the "General Magazine," and in 1744 he was elected to the Provincial As sembly, holding the office ten years. In 1758 he concluded a treaty with the In dians at Carlisle, and in the following j'ear was sent to Albany, N. Y., to meet a congress of commissioners to arrange means of defence against the French and Indians. He subsequently became Post master-General of America ; was sent to England as an advocate and agent for the province on two occasions; remaining 10 there eleven years ; on the breaking out of the Revolution he returned to America, and took an active and important part iu public affairs; was a signer of the Decla ration of Independence, a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776 ; in 1778 he was sent to France in a diplomatic capacity, where he remained until 1785; he was next elected Governor of Penn sylvania, and was a member of the Con vention which formed the Federal Con stitution, and signed that instrument; and he died April 17, 1790. The qualities of his mind were remarkably various, but he perhaps stood pre-eminent as a philos opher and benefactor of mankind. He made important discoveries in electricity; wrote and published much on a variety of themes, and his Life. Writings, and Cor respondence, issued in ten volumes, are an important feature in all the best libra ries of the country. Franklin, Jesse. He was born in Surry County, North Carolina; served with credit iu the Revolutionary war, as a Major; was a member of the House of Delegates of that State in 1794 ; repre sented that State in Congress from 1795 to 1797, and then returned to the Legisla ture. From 1799 to 1805, and from 1807 to 1813, he was United States Senator, officiating in the Eighth Congress as Pres ident pro tern, of the Senate; and, having been superseded by F. Locke, in 1816, he was appointed, by President Madison, a Commissioner to treat with the Chicka- saws, and was elected Governor of North Carolina in 1820. He died in Surry County, in 1823, aged sixty-five years. Franklin. John JR, He was born in Worcester County, Maryland, May 6, 1820; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1836; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1841; serv'ed in the State Legislature of Maryland in 1843, and also in 1849, when he was elect ed Speaker; in 1851 he was chosen Presi dent of the Board of Public Works of the State ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 1855. Franklin, Meshack.A. Represent ative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1807 to 1815. He served in the House of Commons of that State in 1800, and in the State Senate in 1828 and 1829. He was also a member of the Executive Council of North Carolina, and a Delegate to the Convention for revising the State Constitution. He died in Surry County > December 18, 1839. Freedley, JoJin.lle was born (ac cording to an interesting wo/rk published, by E. T. Freedley, Esq.) in Norristown^ Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, May 22, 17J3. He commenced life, as a brLck- makcr : studied, law. and was admitted, ta 146 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. the bar in 1820; he entered extensively into various kinds of business, especially that of quarrying marble, and was suc cessful; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1847 to 1851. He died December 8, 1851. Freeman, John Z>. He was born in New Jersey, and, having removed to Mis sissippi, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Freeman , Jonathan. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1797 to 1801. From 1789 to 1797 he was a State Councillor; from 1793 to 1808 one of the Overseers of Dartmouth College; and died in 1808, aged sixty-three years. Freeman, Nathaniel. He was born at Dennis, Massachusetts, in April, 1741, and died September 27, 1820. He gradu ated at Harvard University; studied med icine ; and was a patriot in the Revolution ary war; performed various services in the Legislature and as a Brigadier-Gen eral of Militia; he was also "a Judge of Probate for forty-seven years, and a Judge of the Common Pleas for thirty years ; he was twice married, and had twenty chil dren ; and was a member of Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1795 to 1799. Frelinghuysen, Frederick. Born in New Jersey, April 13, 1753; graduated at Princeton College in 1770. When twenty-two years of age he was sent to the Continental Congress ; and as Captain of a Volunteer Corps of Artillery, he was at the battles of Trenton and Monmouth, and it is said that it was he who killed Rhalle, the Hessian commander at Tren ton. He was a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 1796, when he resigned on account of domestic bereavements. He stood among the first at the bar of New Jersey, and held various State and County offices. He died April 13, 1804. Frelinghuysen, Frederick T. He was born at Millstown, Somerset County, New Jersey, August 4, 1817, and is the nephew and adopted sou of The odore Frelinghuysen; graduated at Rut gers College in 1836 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839 ; was appointed Attorney-General of New Jersey in 1861, and reappointed in 1866; and was sub- . seguently appointed a Senator in Con gress, from New Jersey, for the unexpired terras! of William Wright, deceased, serv ing .on the Committees on the Judiciary iiuti '.Pensions. In January, 1867, his ap pointment as Senator was confirmed by the election of the Legislature, and his term will terminate in 1869. The Com mittees upon which he served were those on Naval Affairs, the Judiciary, and Claims. Frelinghuysen, Theodore. He was born in Millstown. Somerset County, New Jersey, March 28, 1787, and was the son of Frederick, of the Continental Con gress; graduated at Princeton College, Nassau Hall, in 1804; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1808; was Attorney-General of New Jersey from 1818 to 1829; a Presidential Elector in 1829 ; and a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1829 to 1835. He was Chancellor of the University of New York from 1839 to 1850, when he resign ed; and while in that position was the candidate of the Whig party for Vice- President upon the ticket with Henry Clay. In 1850 he was elected President of Rutgers College, where he officiated until his death, devoting much of his time and means to the benevolent and educa tional interests of his native State, of New York, and of the Union. He resided for many years at Newark, New Jersey, and was Mayor of that city in 1837 and 1838. He also served as President of the American Temperance Union, of the American Tract Society, the Board of Foreign Missions, and of the American Bible Society, during his residence in New York. In the church, he was for many years recognized as a great leader in all the moral movements of the coun try, and was universally beloved. He had a rare command of thought and language, and was considered an eloquent speaker. Died at New Brunswick, New Jersey, April 12, 1862. Fremont, John Charles. Born in Savannah, Georgia, January 21, 1813. His father was an emigrant from France. He received a good education, though left an orphan at four years of age ; and at the age of seventeen he graduated at Charles ton College. From teaching mathematics he turned his attention to civil engineer ing, and was recommended to the government for employment in the Mis sissippi survey. He was afterwards em ployed at Washington in constructing maps of that region. Having received the commission of a Lieutenant of Engi neers, he proposed to the Secretary of War to penetrate the Rocky Mountains. His plan was approved, and in 1842, with a few men, he explored the South Pass. Impatient of quiet, he planned a new ex pedition to the Territory of Oregon. He approached the Rocky Mountains by a new line, scaled the summits south of the South Pass, deflected to the Great Salt Lake, and connected his survey with that of Wilkes's Exploring Expedition. Ho .also performed another expedition, in wMch he revealed the grand features of Alta California, its great basin, the Sierra Nevada, the valleys of the San Joaquiu BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 147 and Sacramento, and established the geog raphy of the western portion of the conti nent. In August, 1844, he was planning a third expedition, while writing the his tory of the second, and before its publica tion, in 1845, was again on his way to the Pacific, collecting his mountain comrades, to examine in detail the Asiatic slope of the continent, which resulted in giving a new volume of science to the world, ami California to the United States. After the conquest of California, in which he bore a part, he was the victim of a quarrel be tween two American commanders, and was stripped of his commission by court- martial. The President reinstated him, but he declined returning. He determined to retrieve his honor. One line more would complete his survey, the route for a great road from the Mississippi to San Francisco. Again he appeared in the far west. He refitted his expedition, and started again; pierced the country of the Apaches; met, awed, or defeat ed savage tribes ; and in a hundred days from Santa Fe stood on the banks of the Sacramento. The people of Cali fornia reversed the judgment of the court- martial, and he was made the first Senator of the Golden State, serving from 1849 to 1851. He was subsequently, in 1856, a candidate for President, in opposition to Mr. Buchanan, and though he received a large vote, was defeated. In 1861 he served in the Union army as a Major- General ; and by the " Cleveland Conven tion " of 1864 was again nominated for the office of President of the United States and again defeated. French, Ezra JR. He was a Repre sentative, from Maine, in the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. He was also a member of the Peace Congress of 1861. By President Lincoln he was appointed Second Auditor of the Treasury. French, Richard. He was a native of Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1847 to 1849. Frey, Joseph* He was born in Penn- sylvauia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1831. FricJc, Henry. Horn in Northum berland County, Pennsylvania, in 1795; was educated as a printer ; became an ed itor of a newspaper at Milton ; served for three sessions in the State Legislature; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, at the time of his death, which occurred at Washington City, March 1, 1844. Fries, George* He was born in Pennsylvania, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending iu 1849. Died November 13, 1866. Froinentin, Eligius.A. Senator of the United States, from Louisiana, from 1813 to 1819. In 1821 he was Judge of the Criminal Court of New Orleans, and was appointed Judge of the Western District of Florida. He shortly resigned his office and returned to the practice of law, at New Orleans, where he died, of the yellow fever, October 6, 1822. Frost, George. He was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1779. Frost, Joel. He was born in New York; served in the State Assembly in 1806 and 1808, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. 'Fry, Jacob, Jr. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. He was at one time Auditor-General of the State, and died at Norristown, Pennsylvania, November 28, 1866. Fuller, George. He was born in Pennsylvania, aud was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Fuller, Henry M. He was born In Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 3, 1820; graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1839 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in J842; in 1848 was elected to the Legislature of Penn sylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State,, from 1851 to 1853, and from 1855 to, 1857, Died in Philadelphia, December 26, I860. Fuller, Fh/ila C> -He was a member of the New York, Assembly in 1830 ; a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to J837; the Second Postmaster-General from 1841 to 1843; Comptroller of New York in 1851 ; and died at Geneva, August 16, 1855. Fuller* Thomas J. &. He was born in Hardwick, Caledonia County, Vermont, March 17, 1808; was left an orphan when seven years -of age ; spent his boyhood and youth upon a farm; on attaining man^ hood, studied and adopted the profession of law, having been admitted to the bar in 183$ j and, removing to Maine, was elected State Attorney for his county for three years; was elected a Repre^ tentative, from Maine, to, the Thirty- first, Thirty-second, Thirty-third, and 148 B10GEAPHICAL EECOKDS. Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving as an active member of the Committee on Com merce. In 1857 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, second Auditor of the Treasury, which office he held until 1861. Fuller ', Timothy. He was born at Chilinark, Martha's Vineyard, Massachu setts, July 11, 1778, and graduated at Har vard University in 1801 ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate from 1813 to 1817; Speaker of the lower house in 1825; again a State Representative in 1831; a State Councillor in 1831; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1817 to 1825; and died at Groton, Massachusetts, October 1, 1835, aged fifty-seven years. He was the father of the distinguished authoress, Sarah Mar garet Fuller. Fuller, William K.. He was a mem ber of the Assembly of New York in 1829 and 1830 ; at one time Adjutant-General of the State Militia; and from 1833 to 1837 a Representative in Congress. Fullerton, David. Born in 1771; was for several years a member of the State Legislature of Pennsylvania; and represented that State in Congress from 1819 to 1820, when he resigned. He died at Greencastle, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1813. Fulton, Andrew S. He was born In Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Fulton, John JET. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835, and died at Abiogtou, Janu ary 28, 1836. Fulton, William S. He was born in Cecil County, Maryland, June 2, 1795 ; graduated at Baltimore College in 1813, and commenced the study of law with William Pinckney ; but before coming of age he served with great credit in a volun teer company, Avhich was assigned to the defence of Fort McHenry. He was Aid to Colonel Arrnistead, taking charge of his company during the illness of that com mander, and returned with them to the City of Baltimore. After peace was re stored in 1815, hp removed to Tennessee with hjs father's family, and resumed the study of Jaw with Felix Grundy. In 1818 he volunteered with the Nashville Guards, and WAS Private .Secretary to General Jackson during the Florida campaign. He settled in Alabama for the practice of law, and was appointed by President Jackson, in 1829, Secretary of the Territory of Ar kansas, and, in 1835, Governor of the same, which office he held until the Territory was admitted into the Union as a JSt.ate, when he was elected a Senator, from Arkansas, from 1836 to 1844. He died at Rosewood, near Little Rock, Arkansas, August 15, 1844. Gadsden, Christopher. lie was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1724 ; and was a Delegate from that State to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1776; having previously been elected to the New York Congress of 1765, to peti tion against the Stamp Act. During the siege of Charleston, in 1780, he was taken prisoner and confined for some months at St. Augustine. A parole was offered him, but he declined to accept; and, on his re lease by exchange, he was elected Gov ernor of the State, but declined to serve on account of his age. He died August 28, 1805. His grandson, bearing the same name, was the third Episcopal Bishop of South Carolina. Gage, Joshua. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1817 to 1819, having been a member of the Legislature from 1805 to 1808, in 1813, 1814, 1820, and 1821; and was a State Councillor in 1822 and 1823. GaUlard, John. A Senator of the United States, from South Carolina, from 1804 to 1826. He voted for the war of 1812, and was repeatedly called to preside over the Senate in the absence of the Vice- President. He died at Washington, Feb ruary 26, 1826. Gaines, John P. He was born in Kentucky ; was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849; and was subsequently appointed Governor of Oregon Territory. Gaither, Nathan. He was born in Kentucky ; was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833. He died at Columbia, Adair County, Ken tucky, in 1862, aged seventy-seven years. Galbraith, John. He was born in Pennsylvania; was bred a lawyer; served several terms in the Legislature of Penn sylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. Died at Erie, June 15, 1860, while holding the office of United States President Judge for the Sixth District of Pennsylvania. Gale, George. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1791, and was one of those who voted to locate the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Gale, Levin. He was born in Mary land, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1829. BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. 149 Gallatin, Albert. Born at Geneva, January 29, 1761 ; graduated at the Uni versity of his native city, in 1779, and during the next year emigrated to Ameri ca, lie commenced his career in Maine, then a part of Massachusetts, having been placed in command of a small fort at Ma- chias, and while there he furnished funds of his own to American troops, and acted as a volunteer also. He was appointed a tutor at Harvard University in 1782, and removed to Pennsylvania in 1783, where he acted a prominent part in the State Convention of 1789, and served in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1790 and 1791. He also spent several years in Virginia, and in that State took the oath of allegiance. In 1793 he was elected a Sena tor in Congress from Pennsylvania, but his seat w:is vacated, in 1794, by a resolu tion of the- Senate, on the ground of want of citizenship for a sufficient length of time ; and soon after, without his knowl edge, he was elected a [Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, serving from 1795 to 1801. He was, in the latter year, appointed Secretary of the Treasury, under President Jefferson, and, as an ex ecutive councillor, and subsequently di plomatist and statesman, he obtained a very high reputation. In 1813 he went to St. Petersburg as one of the Envoys Extraordinary, to negotiate with Great Britain, under the mediation of Russia, and during the following year, Avith Ad ams, Bayard, Clay, and Russell, signed the Treaty of Ghent. He assisted also in con cluding the Commercial Convention with England, at London, in 1815, and resided at Paris, as Minister of the United States, from 1816 to 1823. In 1827 he obtained full indemnification from England, for injuries sustained by our citizens, for vio lating the Treaty of Ghent. President Madison offered him a seat in his cabinet, as Secretary of State ; President Monroe offered him the post of Secretary of the Navy; and he was also nominated for Vice-President ; all which honors he de clined. In 1828 he became a citizen of New York, and took an active part in pro moting the literary and commercial inter ests of the Empire City, and of the Union at large. In 1831 he was a member of the "Free Trade Convention," and drew up the memorial to Congress, which embodies the views of the Democratic party; he was President of the National Bank of New York, and also of the New York His torical Society, and the Ethnological So ciety, and advocated the establishment of the New York University ; and, just before his death, became identified with the Smithsonian Institution. He was a fine scholar, and published many papers on the currency and finance, on Indian languages, and other important subjects. He died at Astoria, Long Island, August 12, 1849. Gallegos, Jose Manuel. He was born in New Mexico, and was a Delegate, from that Territory, to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses. Galloway, Joseph. He was born in 1730; was a member of the Assembly of Pennsylvania in 1764, officiating as Speaker; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1774 and 1775, and a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; but subsequently deserted the American cause and joined the British in New York. In 1779 he was examined before the House of Commons, and his testimony was not creditable to the British commander in America. Died in England in 1803. He was the author of a number of political pamphlets bearing upon the conduct and the consequences of the war, which were published in London and attracted much attention. Galloway, Samuel. He Avas born in Pennsylvania, and, having removed to Ohio, Avas elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Gallup , Albert. He \vas at one time Sheriff of Albany County, NCAV York ; a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841, and was appointed by President Polk Collector of Albany. He died at Providence, in November, 1851. Gamble, James. He Avas born in Pennsylvania, and Avas a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Gamble, Roger L. Was a member of the House of Representatives in Con gress, from Georgia, from 1833 to 1835, and from 1841 to 1843; and afterwards Judge of the Superior Court of that State. He died December 20, 1847. Gannett, Barzilla.lie graduated at Harvard University in 1785 ; served four years in the State Legislature ; and Avas a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1809 to 1811. Gansevoort, Leonard. He was a Delegate, from New York, to the Conti nental Congress, in 1787 and 1788. Ganson, John. He was born in Le Roy, Genesee County, NCAV York, January 1, 1818; graduated at Harvard College in 1839 ; adopted the profession of law ; Avas a member of the State Legislature in 1862 ; and Avas elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections. He Avas also a Delegate to the ''Chicago Convention" of 18G4. Gar denier, Barent.lle Avas a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1807 to 1811. 150 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Gardner, Francis. He was born in Lcominstcr, Massachusetts, December 27, 1771; graduated at Harvard College; was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1809 ; and died at Roxbury, Massachusetts, Juiie 25, 1835. Gardner, Gideon. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1809 to 1811. Gardner, Joseph. He was a Dele gate, from Pennsylvania, to the Continen tal Congress, in 1784 and 1785. Garfield, James A. He was born in Orange, Cuyauoga County, Ohio, No vember 19, 1831 ; graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1856, and adopted the profession of law; in 1859 and I860 he was a member of the Ohio Senate ; in 1861 he entered the army as Colonel of the Forty-second Eegiment of Volunteers; was appointed a Brigadier- General in 1862, the clay that he fought in the battle of Middle Creek, Kentucky. He subsequently served at Shiloh, Corinth, and in Alabama, and early in 1863 he was appointed Chief of Staff to General Ilose- crans, Avith whom he served up to the bat tle of Chickamauga. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Be fore taking his seat in Congress he was appointed a Major-General of Volunteers " for gallant and meritorious services in the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, from September 19, 1863." Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, that on the Postal Railroad to New York, and as Chairman of that on a Bureau of Educa tion ; and also as Regent of the Smithso nian Institution. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven tion " of 1866, and of the " Soldiers' Con vention" held in Pittsburg; and was re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old committees. Garland, David S. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1811. Died in October, 1841. Garland, James. He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Garland, Rice. He was born in Virginia, and, having taken up his resi dence in Louisiana, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1834 to 1840, having resigned to become Judge of the Superior Court of Louisiana. Garnettf James M. Born at Elm- wood, in Essex County, Virginia, June 8, 1770. He served for several years as a member of the Legislature of his native State, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1805 to 1809. He was a member of the Convention as sembled at Richmond in 1829 to revise the Constitution of Virginia. He was inter ested in the cause of education, and de voted to the pursuits of agriculture, hav ing presided over the Agricultural Society of Fredericksburg for more than twenty years, and toiled laboriously for the for mation of a National Agricultural Society. He died at Elmwood, May, 1843, aged six ty-two years. Garnettf Muscoe It. JET. He was born in Essex County, Virginia; was edu cated at the University of Virginia, and studied law as a profession; he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State in 1850; a member of the House of Delegates in 1853 and 1854, 1855 and 1856, and during the latter session was Chairman of the Committee on Fi nance. He was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress as a Representative, from Vir ginia, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Claims, and also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. He was a Delegate to the Democratic Conventions at Balti more and Cincinnati, in 1852 and 1856. Took part in the Rebellion. Garnett, Robert S. He was a na tive of Essex County, Virginia, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1827. Garnsey, Daniel G. He was born in Saratoga County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1830. Garrison, Daniel. He was born in Salem County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1823 to 1827. Garroiv, Nathaniel. lie was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829. Gartlin, Alfred. He was born in North Carolina; graduated at the Univer sity of that State; and was a Representa tive in Congress,, from North Carolina, from 1823 to 1825. Gartrell, Lucius J. Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, January 7, 1821; edu cated at Randolph Macon College, Vir ginia, and Franklin College, Athens, Georgia : adopted the profession of law ; and in 1843 was elected, by the General Assembly of Georgia, Solicitor-General of the Northern Judicial Circuit. He re signed in 1847, on being elected a Repre sentative to the Legislature, and was re- elected in 1849 ; was a Presidential Elector for the State of Georgia in 1856 ; and in JSIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. 151 1857 was elected a Representative iu the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Georgia. He was one of the Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, and a member of the Commit tee on Expenditures in the Treasury De partment; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections. Withdrew in 1861, and retired to Georgia. Garvin, William S. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1845 to 1847. Gaston, William. Born in New born, North Carolina, September ID, 1778. His early education was conducted by his mother ; advanced at the Catholic College of Georgetown, District of Columbia; and he graduated at Princeton College in 1796. He studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1798. He served a number of years in the State Legislature, one term as Speaker; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1813 to 1817. In 1834 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1835 was a member of the State Convention to amend the Constitution. He continued on the bench until the time of his death, which occurred January 23, 1844. He was an able and successful lawyer, and an upright judge, had a taste for polite literature, and is remembered iu North Carolina as one of its most distinguished citizens. He was a Presidential Elector in 1808, and later in life received from Princeton the degree of Doctor of Laws, and the same honor from four other institutions of learning. Gates, Seth Merrill. He was born in Winfield, Herkimer County, New York, October 16, 1800 ; was self-educated ; stud ied law, and commenced practice in 1827 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1832, declining a re-election; in 1838 he purchased and became editor of the "Le Roy Gazette ;" was elected a Representa tive, from New York, to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and was elected to the Twenty- seventh Congress. In his paper and in Congress he advocated the right of peti tion, and on account of his hostility to slavery a reward of five hundred dollars was offered by a Southern planter for his person. At the close of the Twenty-sev enth Congress he drew up a protest against the annexation of Texas, which was signed by twenty-two Representatives, John Quincy Adams heading the list of names. In 1848 he was the Free-soil candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of New York; and he has been a resident of the " Old Gene- see " District for fifty-eight years. Gayarre, Charles E. A. Born in Louisiana, January 3, 1805; educated at the College of New Orleans ; in 1826 he went to Philadelphia and studied law ; was admitted to the bar in 1829, and returned home ; in 1830 he was elected to the Legis lature ; in 1831 was appointed Deputy At torney-General; in 1833 Presiding Judge of the City Court of New Orleans ; and in 1835 he was elected a Senator in Congress, but ill health prevented him from taking his seat. He went to Europe, where he spent a number of yeai's, and on his re turn, in 1843, was again returned to the State Legislature ; and in 1846 he was ap pointed Secretary of State, in which ca pacity he served seven years. As an author he has cicquired a high position, his lead ing works being as follows : " History of Louisiana," " Romance of the History of Louisiana," " Spanish Domination in Lou isiana," a dramatic novel called " The School of Politics," and a work on " The Influence of the Mechanic Arts." Gayle, John. Born in Sumter Dis trict, South Carolina, September 11, 1792; educated at South Carolina College; and emigrated to Alabama in 1813. "in 1817 he was appointed a member of the Terri torial Legislature; was Solicitor of the First Judicial District on the organiza tion of the State Government; and in 1823 was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1829 was elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House. In 1831 was elected Gov ernor, and re-elected in 1833. He was Presidential Elector in 1836 and in 18tO, and in 1847 was elected, from Mobile County, a Representative in Congress. In 1849 he was appointed Judge of the United States District Court of "Alabama, and died near Mobile, July 21, 1859. Gaylord, James M. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative iu Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Gazley, James IF. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1825. Gebhard, John. He was, born in Claverack, New York, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823. ^ Geddes, James. Born near Car lisle, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1763; ob tained a limited education while working upon a farm; removing to New York, he organized, iu 1794, a company for the manufacture of salt at Onoudaga; in 1800 was elected a magistrate ; in 1804 and in 1821 he was in the State Legislature; in 1809 an Associate County Justice ; in 1812 Judge of the Common Pleas ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. In 1822 he was appointed Chief Engineer of the Ohio Ca nal ; and in 1827 assisted in locating the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, as well as 152 E10GEAPIIICAL KECOEDS. the Pennsylvania Canal. He died August 19, 1838. Gentry, Meredith P. He was born in North Carolina, in 1811; studied law and settled in the practice of his profes sion in Tennessee ; was elected to the Legislature of the State in 1835 and 1837 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843, from 1845 to 1847, and from 1847 to 1853. He took part in the Rebellion as a member of the " Confederate Congress," and died November 3, 18G6. He was quite dis tinguished as an orator. German, Obadiah.Re was a Sen ator in Congress, from New York, from 1809 to 1815," and died September 24, 1842. Gerry, Elbridge. Born at Marble- head, Massachusetts, July, 1744, and grad uated at Harvard College, in 1762. He devoted himself for several years to com mercial pursuits; was a member of the Legislature in 1773, and was appointed on the Committee on Correspondence. From 1776 to 1785 he was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress, and signed the Declara tion of Independence; also the Articles of Confederation. While in Congress he was a member of the Committee of Public Safety and Supplies, and when the Com- inittco were in session at Menotomy he, with Colonel Orne, escaped from the Brit ish troops at night by lieeing to a corn field, while the house was searched for them. He was a member of the Conven tion which framed the Constitution of the United States, but declined subscribing to it. Was a Presidential Elector in 1793. He was a Representative in the Federal Congress from 1789 to 1793, and in 1797, lie was appointed Minister to France. In 1804 he was one of the Presidential Elec tors, and was Governor of Massachusetts in 1810 and 1811. In 1813 he was inaugu rated Vice-President of the United States, and filled the office until his death, which took place at Washington, November 23, 1814. Gerry, Elbridge.Rmn in Water- ford, Oxford County, Maine, December 6, 1815; received a good academical educa tion ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1840 was Clerk of the House of Representatives of Maine ; in 1842 was appointed State's Attorney for Oxford County, and re-elected by the people dur ing the following year; in 1846 he was elected to the State Legislature ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1849 to 1851. Of late years he has resided in Portland, engaged in the practice of his profession. The signer of the Declaration of Independence, bearing the same name, was his grandfather. Gerry, James. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1843. Gervais, John L. He was a Dele gate, from South Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress from 1782 to 1783. Getz, JT. Lawrence. Re was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, September 14, 1821 ; his father was an officer in the navy, and fought under Captain Lawrence in 1812; he received an academical education in Reading and in Nottingham, Maryland ; read law and came to the bar in 1846 ; and, having turned his attention to the news paper business, he was for twenty years the editor of the Reading "Gazette and Democrat; " in 1856 he was elected to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 1857 and made Speaker of the House, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Mileage, Soldiers' and Sailors' Bounties, and Pub lic Expenditures. Geyer, Henry S. He was born in Frederick County, Maryland, in 1798, and early in life removed to Missouri. He saw some service in the war of 1812, and was Captain of the first Militia company formed in the State of his adoption. He adopted the profession of law. and be came eminent as a practitioner. He took an active part in politics, and was a mem ber of the Convention which formed a State Constitution, and he was an active member of the first two sessions of the State Legislature, and was chosen Speak er during his second term. He succeeded Mr. Benton in the United States Senate, where he served from 1851 to 1857; and while in Washington officiated as Attor ney in the Dred Scott case. He was a man of ability, of pleasing manners, and of high character. He died at St. .Louis, March 5, 1859. Gholson, James If. He was born in Virginia, graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1820; and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1833 to 1835, and died at Brunswick, Virginia, July 2, 1848, aged fifty years. GJiolson, S. J. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1837 to 1838. Gholson, Thomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1808 to 1816. Gibbons, William. He was a Del egate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Giddings, Joshua, TL. Born at Athens, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, BIOGRAPHICAL ItECORDS. 153 October 6, 1795 ; was a lawyer by profes sion ; practised in Ohio ; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1826 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1838 to 1859. He was for many years recognized as one of the leaders of the Anti-slavery party, and was the au thor of a book on Florida, and also of a " History of the Great Rebellion." In 1861 he was appointed by President Lin coln Consul-General of British North America; and died at Montreal, suddenly, May 27, 1864. Gilbert, Edward. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from California, from 1850 to 1851. Gilbert, Ezekiel. He was born in 1755, in Middletown, Connecticut; grad uated at Yale College in 1778 ; and was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1797. He suffered for thir ty years from a stroke of paralysis, and died at Hudson, New York, in July, 1842. Gilbert, Sylvester. Horn in 1756, at Hebron, Connecticut; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1775; studied law, and was admitted to practice, in 1777, at Hebron. In 1780 he was a member of the General Assembly, being the youngest member in the House. In 1788 he was appointed State's Attorney for Toland County, and filled that office twenty-one years. In 1807 he was appointed Chief Judge of the County Court, and Judge of Probate, which offices he held until 1825, with the exception of his term as Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, in 1818 and 1819 ; and in 18 10 he was a teach er of a law school, which he continued about seven years, during which time fifty-six students were prepared for the bar under his tuition. In 1826 he was again elected to the Legislature, and was then the oldest member in the House ; to which body he had, from the year 1780, been re-elected thirty times. He died in January, 1846. Gilbert, William, A. He was born in Connecticut, and, removing to New York, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Giles, John. Born in Rowan Coun ty, North Carolina, about the } r ear 1788; graduated at Chapel Hill University in 1808 ; was a lawyer by profession, and en gaged in the practice for more that thirty years. In 1829 he was eU-cted a member of the House of Representatives in Con gress, from North Carolina, but resigned, before taking his seat, on account of ill health. In 1835 he was a member of the Convention which met to revise the State Constitution. He died March 2, 1846, in Stanley County, North Carolina, where his professional duties required his at tendance before the Circuit Court. Giles, William Branch. Born in Amelia County, Virginia, August 12, 1762; graduated at Princeton 1781; studied law, but abandoned the profession after prac tising about six years. In 1801 and 1805 he was a Presidential Elector. From 1826 to 1829 he was Governor of his native State ; was a Representative in Congress from 1790 to 1798, and again from 1801 to 1802; and United States Senator from 1804 to 1816; and was subsequently a member of the Legislature. A few months after his first appointment to the Senate he was superseded by A. Moore, but im mediately re-appointed for the longer term. He published a Speech on the Em bargo Laws in 1808, and, in 1813, Political Letters to the People of Virginia, and subsequently an invective letter against President Monroe and others, of a politi cal character, to John Marshall and John Quincy Adams. He died in Albemarle County, Virginia, December 4, 1830. Giles, William- E.fle was born in Maryland, and Avas a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. He was subsequently appointed Judge of the Circuit Court of Maryland. Gillespie, James. He was a mem ber of the Provincial Congress of North Carolina, and a Representative in the United States Congress, from that State, from 1793 to 1799, and from 1803 to 1805. Died January 10, 1805. Gillet, Ransom IT. Was born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, New York, January 27, 1800. His early employ ment was farming on his father's farm, in Saratoga County, in the summer, and lum bering in the pine forest during the win ter. In 1819 he removed to St. Lawrence County, where he was employed to teach school during the winter, while he at tended the St. Lawrence Academy during the summer. In 1821 he engaged in the study of law with Silas Wright, at Cau- ton, still continuing to teach for his sup port. He was admitted to the bar, and set tled in Ogdensburg, where he continued, devoted to his profession, for about twenty years. In 1827 he was appointed Brigade Major and Inspector of Militia; February 27, 1830, he was appoined Postmaster of Ogdensburg, which office he filled three years ; in 1832 he was a member of the Baltimore Convention, which nominated General Jackson for President; was elect ed the same year a Representative in Con gress ; re-elected in 1834, and served as ar member of the Committee on Commerce ; in 1837 he was appointed, by President Van Buren, a Commissioner to treat with the Indian tribes in New York, and con tinued in that service until 1839; in 1840 he was a member of the Baltimore Con vention which re-nominated Mr. Van Bu ren; he then engaged in practising law; 154 BIOGRAPHICAL KECORDS. and continued to do so until 1845, when President Folk appointed him Register of the Treasury, in which office he served until 1847, when he was appointed Solici tor of the Treasury, in which place he continued to serve until the autumn of 1849; he then resumed the practice of law in New York ; in 1855 he became As sistant to the Attorney-General of the United States, and continued in that office Until he resigned, in 1858, and President Buchanan appointed him Solicitor of the Court of Claims, which he held until 1861. Gilette, Francis. He was a Senator in Congress, from Connecticut, during the session of 1854 and 1855, for the unex- pired term of Truman Smith, resigned. Gillis, J~ames L. Born at Hebron, Washington County, New York, October 2, 1792. He received a common-school education ; served an apprenticeship to the currying and tanner's trade; during the campaigns of 1812 and 1813, served as a volunteer from New York ; in 1814 he was commissioned a Lieutenant by the Gover nor of New York, and having been taken prisoner by the British, was transported to Halifax, where he remained until the close of the war; he subsequently re turned to Ontario County, and established himself as a farmer; in 1823 he removed to Pennsylvania ; in 1840 was elected to the Legislature of that State ; in 1842 was appointed one of the Judges of Jefferson County; elected to the State Senate in 1845; re-elected to the Lower House in 1851 ; and elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Agri culture. Gillon, Alexander. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Car olina, from 1793 to 1794, having died dur ing the latter year. Oilman, Charles J. He was born in New Hampshire; served in the Legis lature of that State in 1854 ; and, having removed to Maine, was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Gilman, John Taylor. Born in 1754, and died in 1828. He was a volun teer in the Revolutionary army ; a Dele gate from New Hampshire, in 1780, to the Hartford Convention ; a Delegate to the * Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783, in the latter year succeeding his father as Treasurer of New Hampshire. This office he resigned to become a Commissioner to settle certain accounts for the States, but was re-elected in 1791. He was Governor of New Hampshire from 1794 to 1805, and again from 1813 to 1815, when he declined a re-election. Gilman, Nicholas. lie was a Dele gate, from New Hampshire, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1786 to 1788 ; a member of the Convention that framed the Constitution, and singed that instrument ; after the adoption of the Constitution, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1797 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1805 to 1814. He died at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 2, 1814, aged fifty-two years. Gilmer, George It. He was born in Wilkes County (now Oglethorpe), Georgia, April 11, 1790.- He received an academical education, but did not enter college, on account of ill health. He studied law, and settled in Lexington, Oglethorpe County, Georgia. In 1813, as First Lieutenant of the Forty-third Regi ment, United States Army, he participated in the Creek War, and in 1818 entered up on the practice of his profession. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1818, 1819, and 1824; Avas Governor of the State for the terms commencing in 1829 and 1837, and daring the latter term re moved the Cherokee Indians from Geor gia. He was President of the Board of Presidential Electors in 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1821 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1833 to 1835. He was also a Presi dential Elector in 1836 and 1840, and for thirty years performed the duties of Trus- tree of the Georgia College. He was the author of a book, published in 1855, enti tled "Georgians," which contains much useful and interesting information touch ing the early settlement of his native State. Died at Lexington, Georgia, No vember 15, 1859. Gilmer, John A. Born in Gilford County, North Carolina, November 4, 1805 ; acquired a good English education at winter schools, working on a farm and in the shop during the summers ; then taught a school, and thus obtained the means to enter the academy at Greens- borough for three years, and became a good linguist and mathematician, and taught for three years in a grammar school ; afterwards studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832. Was a mem ber of the State Senate from 1846 to 1856, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Elections. In 1856 he was the Whig candidate for Gov ernor of North Carolina, but was defeat ed. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Elections ; withdrew in 1861. He was a Delegate to the Phila delphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Died in Greensborough,Mayl4, 1868. Gilmer, Thomas IF. He was a na- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 155 tive of Virginia; received a limited edu cation ; studied law and while practising the profession edited a newspaper ; served frequently in the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House ; and he held many positions of high character, having been Governor of the State in 1840, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843, from Virginia. He was Secretary of the Navy under President Tyler. He was killed by the accident on board the United States steamer Princeton, Febru ary 28, 1844. Gilmore, Alfred. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Eepresentative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Gilmore, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1833. Died May 18, 1845. Gist, Joseph. Born in Union District, South Carolina, in 1775; educated at the Charleston College ; studied law and ad mitted to the bar in 1799; was a Presi dential Elector in 1809; served in the Legislature of his native State for eighteen years ; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1821 to 1827 ; served as a Trustee of the State College ; and died May 8, 1835. Glascock, Thomas. He was a soldier and statesman of Georgia; served at the siege of Savannah, under Count Pulaski, as Lieutenant, and exhibited great skill and bravery; he was appointed Colo nel of the troops ordered out by the Legislature, in defence of. the State against the Indians, on the western frontier; and was afterwards elected General of Militia. He was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1836 to 1839, and highly respected for his talents and char acter. He died at Decatur, Georgia, May 9, 1841. Glasgow, Hugh. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1817. Glenn, Henry. lie took an active part in the Revolutionary war, and was a Representative, from New York, in Con gress, from 1793 to 1801. He died at Schenectady, in 1814, aged seventy-three years. Gloninger, Jo7in.He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative, from that State, in the Twelfth Congress ; but resigned before the expiration of his term, and E. Crouch was elected in his place. Glossbrenner, Adam 7. Born in Hagerstown, Maryland, August 31, 1810; apprenticed at at early age to the printing business, which was his school; when seventeen years of age he travelled in the West and became foreman in the office of the " Ohio Monitor," and afterwards of the " Western Telegraph ;" in 1829 he returned to Maryland and then to Pennsylvania and settled at York, where he published the "York Gazette," and there held various offices of trust and responsibility. In 1849 he was elected Sergeant-at-Arms of the national House of Representatives for the Thirty-flrst Congress, and was re- elected to the same office by the four fol lowing Congresses ; in 1861 he was Pri vate Secretary to President Buchanan ; in 1863 he became one of the founders of the "Philadelphia Age ;" and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Pennsylva nia to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and Engrossed Bills. He was also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in the Navy Department, and Executive Mansion. Goddard, Calvin. Born in Shrews bury, Massachusetts, July 17, 1768; and graduated at Dartmouth in 1786. He was admitted to the bar in Norwich, Connecti cut, in 1790, and settled in Plainfleld, from which place he was elected a Repre sentative in the Legislature for nine ses sions, during three of which he was Speaker of the House. He removed to Norwich in 1807. From 1801 to 1805 he was a Representative in Congress ; and from 1808 to 1815 he was a member of the State Council; in 1813 a Presidential Elector; in 1814 a Delegate to the Hart ford Convention; and from 1815 to 1818 Judge of the Superior Court. He was State's Attorney for the County of New London for five years, and Mayor of Nor wich for seventeen years. He died at Norwich, May 2, 1842. Goggin, William L. Born in Bed ford County, Virginia, May 31, 1807 ; re ceived an academic education ; studied law in Winchester, and was admitted to the bar in 1828, and practised in several of the Circuit and District Courts of the State. In 1836 he was a member of the Legislature, and in 1837 declined a re election. In 1839 he was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, and was re-elected in 1841, 1843, and 1847, being Chairman of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads during his last term. He was afterwards appointed one of the.Visitors to West Point, under the administration of President Fillmore ; and since that time he has pursued his pro fession, in connection with agricultural pursuits. In 1859 he was nominated as the Whig candidate for Governor of Vir ginia. Gold, Thomas 12. He was a native of New York ; graduated at Yale College 156 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. in 1786; was a member of the State Senate from 1797 to 1802 ; a member of the As sembly in 1808 ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1809 to 1813, and again from 1815 to 1817. He died in 1826. Goldsbor ougJi, Charles IF. He was Governor of the State of Maryland, and a Representative in Congress, from 1805 to 1817. He died at Shoal Creek, Maryland, December 13, 1834. Goldsborough, Robert. Re was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1775. At the time of the Declaration of Independ ence was signed, he was at home on a sick bed, and soon afterwards died, at his residence in Maryland. He was by pro fession a physician. Golladay, Jacob S. He was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Expenses in tae War Depart ment. Gooch, Daniel W. Born in Wells, State of Maine, in January, 1820. He graduated at Dartmouth in 1843; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; com menced the practice of his profession in Boston ; was elected in 1852 to the Legis lature of Massachusetts; in 1853 to the Constitutional Convention of the State; and subsequently a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Massachu setts, for an unexpired term. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Territories; re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Special Committee on the Conduct of the War; and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but in 1865 was appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent for the port of Boston. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Goode, Patrick G. He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1843. Goode, Samuel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801. Goode, William O. He was born at Inglewood, Mecklenburg County, Vir ginia, September 16, 1798; was educated at the College of William and Mary; studied law, and commenced the practice in 1821 ; he was, early in life, elected for several terms a member of the State Leg islature. He was a member in 1829 of the State Reform Convention of Virginia ; in 1832 he was again elected to the State Legislature, and took an active part in the debates on slavery of that year; he was re-elected to the Legislature in 1838 ; and he was first elected a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, in 1841, serv ing until 1843. He was subsequently again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House of Delegates for several sessions; he was also a member of the State Reform Convention of 1850, and was chosen Chairman of the Legisla tive Committee ; and he was a member of the House of Delegates, called to put the New Constitution into operation, and Chairman of the Committee on Finance. In 1853 he was again elected a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, and was regularly re-elected until the Thirty- fifth Congress, in which he served as Chairman of the Committee on the Dis trict of Columbia. Died near Boydtowu, Virginia, July 3, 1859. Goodenotv, J~ohn M.lle was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1831. Died in 1838, aged 56 years. Goodenoiv, Robert. Re was born in Farmington, New Hampshire, in 1800; admitted to the bar in 1821 ; was County Attorney from 1828 to 1834, and in 1841 ; and, having taken up his residence in Maine, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. In 1857 he was appointed Bank Commissioner for the State. Goodenoiv, Rufus K. Born in Ilemriker, New Hampshire, April 24, 1790, but removed with his father to Brownfield, Maine, where he was educated in a coun try school. He was a farmer and for many years a common sailor. He entered the army in 1812 as Captain in the Thirty- third Regiment of United States Infantry, and served in that capacity until 1815. Upon the organization of a State Govern ment he was appointed Clerk of the Courts for Oxford County, and removed to Paris, and held this office sixteen years. He was a member of the Maine Legislature; a Presidential elector in 1840; and repre sented his district in the Thirty-first Con gress. Died at Paris March 24, 1863. Goodhue, Benjamin,. "Born at Salem, Massachusetts, October 1, 1748; graduated at Harvard University, in 1766 ; and received literary honors from Yale College in 1804. Early in life he engaged in commercial pursuits. He was a Whig during the Revolution; represented his native county in the State Senate from 1784 to 1789, when he was elected a Repre sentative to Congress under the new Con stitution, and, assisted by Mr. Fitzsiramons, of Philadelphia, formed our code of reve- BIOGRAPHICAL BECOttDS. 157 nue laws, the majority of which have never been abrogated. In 1796 he was elected a Senator of the United States, and became distinguished as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce ; but in 1800 he resigned his seat and retired from public life. He died at Salem, July 28, 1814. Goodrich, Chauncey. Born at Durham, Connecticut, October 20, 1759; graduated at Yale College, in 1776, with a high reputation for genius and acquire ments. After spending several years as tutor in that institution he established himself as a lawyer at Hartford in 1781, and soon attained to eminence in the pro fession. He was a Representative in the Legislature in 1793, and a Representative in Congress from 1795 to 1801. From 1802 to 1807 was a Councillor of the State ; and he was elected United States Senator from 1807 to 1813. He received the office of Mayor of Hartford in 1812, and resigned his seat in Congress. He was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor of the State in 1813, and was also a Delegate to the Hartford Con vention in 1814. He died at Hartford, August 18, 1815. Goodrich, Eli&ur.'H.e was one of the very few survivors among the men who figured in public life under the administra tions of Washington and the elder Adams. He belonged to the Washington school of Federalists, and his removal from the office of Collector of Customs, at New Haven, immediately on the accession of Jetferson to the Presidency, gave occasion to the famous letter, in which Jefferson avowed his principle of removal for polit ical opinions. Besides being honored with various offices of trust and responsibility, he was for some time Professor of Law in Yale College, and for many years the effi cient Mayor of New Haven. He was twice elected to the State Legislature and was a Judge of the County and Probate Courts for fifteen years, and was a Presidential Elector in 1797. He was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1799 to 1801. Died in New Haven, November 1, 1849. Goodrich, John Z.He was born in Sheffield, Massachusetts, September 27, 1801 ; adopted the profession of law, but turned his attention to manufacturing; served in the State Legislature in 1848 and 1849 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1855, from his native State. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector, of Boston, and was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress " of 1861. Goodwin, Henry C. Born in De Ruyter, Madison County, New York, June 25, 1824 ; received an academic education, and studied law, having been admitted to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was elected District Attorney of Madison County, ancl held the office three years. He was a Rep resentative, from New York, to the second session of the Thirty-third Congress, ancl was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Died at Hamilton, Madison County, New York, November 12, 1860. Goodwin, John N. Was born in South Berwick, Maine ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1844 ; studied law, and commenced practice in South Berwick; was elected in 1854 to the Senate of Maine ; and in 1860 a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia and Invalid Pensions. He was subse quently appointed, by President Lincoln, Chief Justice of the Territory of Arizona, and also Governor; and he was elected a Delegate, from Arizona, to the Thirty-ninth Congress. Goodwin, Peterson. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1803 to 1818. Died in Novem ber of that year. Goodyear, Charles. Born in Co- bleshill, Schoharie County, New York, April 26, 1805 ; graduated at Union Col lege in 1824 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1827; was a member of the State Assembly in 1839 ; in 1841 was ap pointed First Judge of Schoharie County; was a Representative, from New York, in the Twenty-ninth Congress; discontinued the practice of his profession in 1852, and turned his attention to the business of private banking in Schoharie and the City of New York; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from New York, for a second term, to the Thirty-ninth Con gress. During his first term in Congress he served on the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and during the Thirty-ninth Congress on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Revolutionary Pensions, and on a Bureau of Education. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. Gordon, James. He was a member for seven years of the State Senate of New York, twelve years in the State As sembly, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1791 to 1795. Gordon, Samuel. He was born in New York; served in the State Assembly in 1834, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1845 to 1847. In 1863 he was appointed Provost-Marshal for the Nineteenth District of New York. Gordon, William. lie was a grad uate of Harvard College in 1779; was Attorney-General for the State of New 158 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOBDS. Hampshire ; a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1797 to 1800, when he resigned ; and died in Boston, in May, 1802, aged thirty-nine years. Gordon, William F. He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1835. He is said to have been the orig inator of the Sub-Treasury System. Died in Albemarle County, July 2, 1858. Gore, Christopher. Born in Bos ton, Massachusetts, in 1758; graduated at Harvard College in 177G; Governor of Massachusetts under the Constitution of 1780. He settled in Boston as a lawyer, and, in 1789, was appointed District Attorney for the District of Massachu setts, under the new Constitution of the United States. In 1796 he was appoint ed a Commissioner under the fourth arti cle of Jay's Treaty. This appointment obliged him to go to London, where he remained eight years, during the last of which he was left Charg6 d'Aff'aires. He was again chosen Governor in 1809, but only served one term. In 1813 he was chosen a Senator of the United States, in which capacity he served until 1816, when, after serving as a Presidential Elector dur ing that year, he retired to private life. He died March 1, 1827, aged sixty-eight. Having no children, Mr. Gore left valuable bequests to the American Academy and the Historical Society, of which he was a member; and he made Harvard College, of which institution he had been a Fellow and Trustee, his residuary legatee. He was for a time the legal tutor and adviser of Daniel Webster. Gorham, Benjamin. He was born in Cluirlestowh, Massachusetts, February 13, 1775, and died in Boston, September 27, 1855. He graduated at Cambridge in 1795, studied law with Theophilus Par sons, of Nevvburyport, and rose to emi nence at the bar of Boston. He was a Representative in Congress, from the Suf folk District, from 1820 to 1823, from 1827 to 1831, and from 1833 to 1835. He was afterwards, for a short time, member of the State Legislature, but spent the clos ing years of his life in retirement. Gorham, Nathaniel. He was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1738; was a Delegate, from that State, to the Continental Congress in 1782 and 1783, and from 1785 to 1787, serving a part of the time as President of that body; frequently served in the State Legislatui-e ; and was a member of the Convention called to frame the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; and he died June 11, 179G. Gorman, Willis A. He was born in Kentucky, and, having removed to Indi ana, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853; and was Governor of the Territory of Minnesota from 1853 to 1857. Gott, Daniel. He was born in Con necticut, and, on removing to New York, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1851. Gould, Herman D. He was born in Connecticut, and, having taken up his residence in New York, w r as elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Died in Delhi, New York, in 1852. Gourdin, Theodore. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1813 to 1815. Died Jan uary 17, 1826. Govan, A. JR. He was born in Orangeburg, South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1822 to 1827, having first been elected for the unexpired term of James Overstreet. Graham, James. Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, in January, 1793. He graduated at the University of that State in 1814; studied law, and practised with success for many years ; served four years in the State Legislature; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1833 to 1843, and from 1845 to 1847. He spent the close of his life engaged in agricultural pursuits, and died September 25, 1851. Graham, James H. He was elect ed a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. Graham, William. He was bora in 1783 ; received a limited education ; was a member of the Convention which framed the State Constitution of Indiana ; served many years in both branches of the State Legislature, and was Speaker in 1820; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 1839. Died near Valonia, Indiana, in 1857. Graham, William A. He was born in North Carolina, September 5, 1804, and was the son of General Joseph Graham, of the Revolution. He was edu cated at Chapel Hill University, where he graduated in 1824 ; studied law, and came to the bar at Newbern; served in the State Legislature from 1833 to 1836, and also in 1839 and 1840; was a Senator in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1841 to 1843; in 1844 he was elected Governor of the State, and re-elected in 184(5 ; he was Secretary of the Navy under Presi dent Fillmore; and subsequently was BIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. 159 nominated for the office of Vice-President on the ticket with Winfleld 8cott. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. Granger, Amos P. He was born in Suftiekl, Hartford County, Connecticut, in June, 1789; received a common-school education. In 1811 he removed to Man- lius, New York, and was for a time Presi dent of that corporation ; served as a Captain of Militia at Sackett's Harbor in 1812, and subsequently became a General of Militia; in 1820 he removed to Syra cuse, and for many years devoted himself to agricultural and mercantile pursuits. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-fourth and Thir ty-fifth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Committee on Territories. In early life he became zealously attached to the Episcopal Church, and by his liberality and knowledge of ecclesiastical history did much for the prosperity of the church in his section of the country. He was a cousin of Francis Granger. Died in Syra cuse, New York, August 20, 1866. Granger, Bradley F. He was born in New York, and elected a Repre sentative, from Michigan, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. Granger, Francis. He was born in Suffield, Hartford County, Connecticut, in 1787; graduated at Yale College in 1811; and, on removing to New York, was for five years, from 1826, a member of the General Assembly of that State. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841, when he resigned, to receive from President Harrison the appointment of Postmaster-General. Since that time he has lived in retirement. Grant, Abraham P. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Grantland, Seaton.Tte was born in Virginia, and, having taken up his resi dence near Milledgeville, in Georgia, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. He was also a Presidential Elector. Gravely, Joseph J. He was born in Henry County, Virginia, in 1828 ; received a common-school education, and spent his youth chiefly on a farm. In 1853 and 1854 he was elected to the Virginia Legislature ; during the latter year he removed to Mis souri ; was elected to the Convention of that State in 1860 ; in 1862 he was elected to the Senate of the State, and re-elected in 1864 ; had command during a part of the Rebellion as Colonel of the Eighth Regi ment of Missouri Cavalry. After the close of the war he turned his attention to the practice of law, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia, and Education and Labor. Graves, William 7. He represent ed the State of Kentucky in Congress from 1835 to 1841. In 1838 he engaged in a duel with Jonathan Cilley, in which the latter was killed. Died at Louisville, Sep tember 27, 1848, aged forty-three years. Gray, Edivard.TLe was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1813. Gray, Hiram. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839, and in 1867 received from Union College the degree of LL.D. Gray, John C. He was born in Southampton County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1820 to 1821, for the unex- pired term of James Johnson. Grayson, William. Was a native of Virginia, and a member of the Conti nental Congress. In 1788 was a member of the Convention of Virginia which as sembled to consider the Constitution of the United States, and made himself con spicuous both by his talents and his union with Henry in opposing the adoption of the Constitution. From 1789 to 1790 he was a Senator of the United States, and died at Dumfries, while on his way to the Seat of Government, March 12, 1790. Grayson, William J~. He was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1788 ; grad uated at the South Carolina College in 1809 ; was bred to the legal profession ; was a Commissioner in Equity of South Carolina for many years ; a member of the State Legislature in 1813; and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1833 to 1837 ; and by President Taylor he was appointed Collector of the Customs of Charleston, holding the office until 1853. He subse quently devoted himself to planting. He published "The Hireling and the Slave," " Chicora, and other Poems," and was the author of a "Life of J. L. Petigru." Died in. Newbern, October 4, 1863. Greeley, Horace. Was born at Am- herst, in New Hampshire, February 3, 1811. Until the age of fourteen he at tended a common school during winter, working in summer on his father's farm. In 1826, his parents having removed to the State of Vermont, Horace, who had early shown a fondness for reading, especially newspapers, and had resolved to be a printer, endeavored to flnd employment as 160 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. an apprentice in a printing-office in White hall, but without success. He afterwards applied at the office of the " Northern Spec tator," in Poultney, Vermont, where his services were accepted, and where he re mained until 1830, when the paper was dis continued, and he returned to work on his father's farm. During the following year he arrived in the City of New York, where he obtained work as a journeyman printer, and was employed in various offices, with occasional intervals, for the next eighteen months. In 1834, in connection with Jonas Winchester, he started the " New Yorker," a weekly journal of literature and general intelligence, and became its edi tor. After struggling on for several years, the journal was abandoned. During its existence, Mr. Greeley published several political campaign papers, the " Constitu tion," the " Jcffersonian," and the "Log Cabin." In 1841 he commenced the pub lication of the "New York Tribune." In 1848 he was chosen to fill a vacancy in the Thirtieth Congress, and served through the short term preceding President Taylor's in auguration. In 1851 he visited Europe, and was chosen Chairman of one of the juries at the World's Fair. He gave an account of his travels in a series of letters to the " Tribune," which were afterwards collect ed into a volume. He has also published a collection of his addresses, essays, etc., under the title of " Hints toward Reforms ;" and a work entitled "The American Con flict." In 1864 he was Presidential Elec tor, also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866, and to the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1867. He was one of those who gave bail for Jefferson Davis in May, 1867. In No vember he was appointed by President Johnson Minister to Austria, and was confirmed, but declined the position. Green, Byram. He was born in New York; served five years in the As sembly of that State ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. Green, Frederick W. He was born in Maryland, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Green, I. L. He was born in Massa chusetts; graduated at Harvard Univer sity, in 1781 ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 1813. He died in 1841. Green, Innis. He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1831. Green, Jameg . He was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, February 28, 1817; and in 1836, with no fortune but a common English education, he removed to Alabama, where he remained one year, and then took up his residence in Mis souri, with which State he has since been identified. After many struggles with the world, he was admitted to the bar in 1840, and soon thereafter entered upon a lucra tive practice. He was a Presidential Elector in 1844; was a member of the Convention, held in 1845, for the revision of the Constitution of Missouri ; and was elected a member of Congress in 1846, serving through two terms. He argued a boundary dispute case in the Supreme Court, by appointment of the Governor of Missouri; and in 1849 took the stump against the late Hon. Thomas H. Benton. In 1853 President Pierce appointed him to be Charge d Affaires, and subsequently Minister Resident at Bogota, New Gra nada. He was again elected a member of Congress in 1856, but before taking his seat lie was chosen by the Legislature to represent the State of Missouri in the Senate of the United States, where he re mained until 1861. During the first ses sion of the Thirty-fifth Congress he was a member of the Committees on the Judi ciary, and on Territories, and at the commencement of the second session of that Congress he was chosen Chairman of the Committee on Territories. Green, Willis. He was born in Ken tucky, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1845. Greene, Albert C, He was born in East Greenwich, Rhode Island, in 1792; read law in New York, where he was ad mitted to the bar; returned to his native State, and there commenced the practice of his profession; in 1815 he was elected to the General Assembly of the State ; in 1816 was elected a Brigadier-General of Militia, and subsequently became a Major- General; from 1822 to 1825 he served again in the Legislature of the State, and was chosen Speaker ; from 1825 to 1843 he was Attorney-General of the State ; from 1845 to 1851 he was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island; and, having again served a term in each of the two houses of the State Legislature, he retired from pub lic life in 1857. He received the degree of Master of Arts from Brown University in 1827. Died at Providence, January 8, 1863. Greene, Kay. He was born in Rhode Island ; graduated at Yale College in 1784 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1797 to 1801, when he resigned. Greene, Thomas M. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Mississippi, from 1802 to 1803. Greenup, Christopher. Tie was EIOGBAPIIICAL KECOEDS. 161 Governor of Kentucky from 1804 to 1808; was a patriot of the American Revolution, find participated in the perils of the war. He was at various times a member of the Legislature of Kentucky, and a Represent ative of that State in Congress, from 1792 to 1797, and was a Presidential Elector in 1809. He was a man of great usefulness in his native State, and died at Frankfort, Kentucky, April 24, 1818. Greemvood, A. U. Born in Frank lin County, Georgia, July 11, 1811; grad uated at the Athens University, Georgia ; is a lawyer by profession ; and was a mem ber of the Legislature of ( the State of Arkansas, from 1842 to 1845. He was Prosecuting Attorney for said State from 1845 to 1851; Circuit Judge from 1851 to 1853; and elected a Representative in Con gress, from 1853 to 1858, from Arkansas, serving a portion of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. In 1859 he was appointed, by President Bu chanan, Commissioner of Indian Aftairs. Gregg, Andrew. Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1755; he received a good classical education, and for several years was tutor in the University of Penn sylvania. In 1783 he opened a country store in Middletown, Dauphin County, whence he removed, in 1789, to a wilder ness valley, where he commenced agricul tural pursuits. In 1790 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, serving from 1791 to 1807, and a Senator of the United States from 1807 to 1813, serving for a time as President pro tern, of the Senate. In 1814 he removed to Bellefonte, and in 1816 he was appoint ed Secretary of State of Pennsylvania. He was remarkable for a sound and dis criminating mind, agreeable and dignified manners, and performed his duties with talent and integrity. He died at Belle- foiite, May 20, 1835. Gregg, James M. Born in Patrick County, Virginia, June 26, 1806. He re ceived only a common-school education, and was bred a practical farmer, but studied the profession of law ; and in 1830 he settled in Hendrick County, Indiana. From 1834 to 1837 he was County Survey or, and then chosen Clerk of the Circuit Court, serving till 1845. He was elected a Representative of the Thirty- fifth Con gress, and was a member of the Commit tee on Public Expenditures. Gregory, Dudley S. He was born in Connecticut ; was at one time engaged in the iron business among the Adirondack Mountains of New York, and, having set tled in New Jersey, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Greifft John. Born in Dumfries- 11 shire, Scotland, August G, 1779 ; educated at the Edinburgh High School ; emigrated to America in 1797; settled in Canan- daigua, New York; studied law, and came to the bar in 1804; practised his profession until 1820, when he became President of the Ontario Bank, which he held until 1856 ; he was for many years a Regent of the New York University, and also a Vice-Chancellor ; was long the active head of an Agricultural Society, and was one of the founders and corporators of the Ontario Female Seminary. His service in Congress was for the term commencing in 1841, but he resigned at the close of the first session. Died at Canaudaigua, April 9, 1858. Grennell, George. Born in Green field, Franklin County, Massachusetts, December 25, 1786 ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1808 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1811 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for Franklin County from 1820 to 1828 ; was a member of the State Sen ate from 1824 to 1827 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1829 to 1839. He was for many years a member of the Board of Trustees of Amherst College, and in 1854 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by that institution. From 1849 to 1853 he was Probate Judge for his county, and subse quently settled down as Clerk of the Franklin County Court. He was the first man who proposed and advocated on the floor of Congress the recognition of Hayti. Grey, Benjamin E. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Grider, Henry. "Was born in Gar- rard County, Kentucky, July 16, 1796 ; re ceived a good desultory education at Bowl ing Green, and elsewhere ; studied law, and while engaged in practice, also de voted some attention to farming. He ren dered his first public service as a private in the army, during the last war with Eng land, having served with Shelby in his campaign to Canada; in 1827 and 1831 he was elected to the Legislature of Ken tucky, and in 1833 to the State Senate, where he served four years. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1843 to 1847, and was also re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolution ary Claims and on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress; was a mem ber of the Committee on the Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, Mileage, and Reconstruction. Died in Warren County, Kentucky, September 14, 1866. Griffin, Cyrus. He was a native of BIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. England; was educated in that country; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from Virginia, from 1778 to 1781, and again from 1787 to 1788, and was Pres ident of that body during the latter year. He was appointed in 1789 Judge of the District Court of the United States, serv ing in that office for twenty-one years. He died in Yorktown, December 10, 1810, aged sixty-two years. Griffin, Isaac. He was born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817. Griffin, John K. He was a Repre sentative iu Congress, from South Caroli na, from 1831 to 1841, and died at Milton, South Carolina, August 1, 1841. Griffin, Samuel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1795, and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern ment on the Potomac. Griffin, Thomas. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1803 to 1805. Grimes / James W. He was born in Dcering, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, October 16, 1816 ; commenced his education at Hampton Academy, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1836. Soon after that time he emigrated to the "West, and in 1838 was elected to the first General Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, to which he was frequently re-elect ed. He was Governor of the State of Iowa from 1854 to 1858, and in 1859 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from that State, for six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the District of Co lumbia, and also of that on Naval Affairs, and as a member of those on Public Lands and Public Buildings. He was also a Del egate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. He was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871 ; and in 1865 received from the Iowa Col lege the degree of LL.D. He was also a member of the SpecialJoint Committee on the Rebellious States, that on Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and that on Ap propriations ; and he was one of the Sen ators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Grinnell, Joseph. He was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, November 17, 1788. His early education was re ceived at private schools, and was moulded in view of a mercantile life ; he commenced business in New York as a commission merchant in 1809, and contin ued there until 1829, for five years, being connected with John H. Howland, eleven years with Preserved Fish, and four years with his brothers, Moses H. and Henry Grinnell ; in 1829 he retired from the New York concern, and visited Europe ; on his return lie settled in his native place, de voting himself to commerce generally, and especially to the whale fishery. Among the laborious positions which he has long held in New Bedford, are those of Presi dent of the Marine Bank, of the New Bedford and Taunton Railroad, and of the Wamsutta Cotton-mill. In 1839, 1840, and 1841, he was a member of the Governor's Council of Massachusetts ; he was elected a Representative to Congress in 1843, and was three times re-elected, serving on the Post Office and Commerce Committees, and originating the idea of a reduction of postage and the establishment of life boats. Indeed, so great was Mr. Grin- nell's influence on the floor of Congress, as every measure he proposed seemed to succeed, he was playfully designated by his friends as one of the most dangerous men in the House. Grinnell, Josiah B. He was born in New Haven, Vermont, December 22, 1821 ; received a collegiate and theologi cal education ; went to Iowa in 1855, and turned his attention to farming, having been the most extensive wool-grower in the State, to which he has devoted special attention; was a member of the State Senate for four years ; a special agent for the General Post Office for two years ; and was elected a Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Freedmen, on Agriculture, and on the Postal Railroad to New York. In June, 1866, L. H. Rousseau, a fellow-member, made a personal assault upon him for words spoken in debate, which resulted in a resolution, which was passed, reprimand ing the assailant for "violating the rights and privileges of the House." Grinnell, Moses H. Born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, March 3, 1803; was educated at private schools and at Friends' Academy ; was bred a merchant, and frequently went abroad as supercargo ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1856. Moses H., Henry Grinnell, and Robert B. Miuturn, were the gentlemen composing the distinguished firm of Grinnell, Min- turn, & Co., the house taking that title in 1829, though in reality founded many years before by Joseph Grinuell and Preserved Fish. Grisivold, Gai/lord.Hc graduated at Yale College in 1787 ; was a member of the New York Assembly from 1796 to 1798 ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1803 to 1805; and died in 1809. BIOGEAPHICAL RECORDS. 163 Griswold, John A. He was born in Rcnsselaer County, New York, about the year 1822 ; was educated for the mer cantile profession ; settled himself in the iron trade, to which, in connection with banking, he has ever been devoted. He served one term as Mayor of the City of Troy, and in 1862 he was elected a Repre sentative from New York to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving ou the Committee on Ways and Means. Griswold, Roger. Born in Lyme, Connecticut, May 21, 1762; graduated at Yale College in 1780, and studied law, in the practice of which he became eminent. From 1795 to 1805 he was a Representa tive in Congress from Connecticut. In 1801 he declined the appointment of Sec retary of War, offered him by President Adams a few days previous to the acces sion of President Jefferson. In 1807 he was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; was Lieutenant-Governor from 1809 to 1811, and then elected Gov ernor ; while holding that office he refused to place four companies under General Dearborn, at the requisition of the Presi dent, for garrison purposes, deeming the requisition unconstitutional, as they were not wanted to " repel invasion." In 1809 he was also a Presidential Elector. A scene that occurred between him and Mat thew Lyou on the floor of Congress was one of great excitement. He received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D. He died in 1812. Griswold, Stanley. Born in Tor- ringford, Connecticut, November, 1768; graduated at Yale College in 1786; and was a clergyman. In 1804 he became the editor of a Democratic paper in Walpole, New Hampshire, but was soon after ap pointed by President Jefferson Secretary of the Territory of Michigan. He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, in 1809, but was superseded by A. Campbell ; and he was United States Judge for the North western Territory. He died at Shawnee- town, Illinois, August 21, 1814. GroesbecJc, William S. He was born in New York about the year 1826 ; studied law, and removed to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the practice of his profession ; in 1852 he was a member of the Commission appointed to codify the laws of Ohio ; was a member in 1851 of the "State Constitutional Convention;" was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs ; was a mem ber of the "Peace Congress" of 1861, and in 1862 was elected to the Senate of Ohio. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866, and was one of the counsel for An drew Johnson during his Impeachment Trial in 1868. Gross, Ezra . He was born in Windsor County, Vermont; graduated at the University of Vermont in 180(5 ; prac tised law at Elizabethtown, New York; was Surrogate of Essex County, from 1815 to 1819 ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821; and was elected to the Assembly of that State in 1828 and 1829, but died before the close of his second term. Gross, Samuel. He was a native of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1823. Grosvenor, Thomas P. Born in Pomfret, Connecticut, in 1780, and died April 25, 1817. He graduated at Yale Col lege in 1800, and, after studying law, re moved to New York; served a number of years in the Legislature of that State, and was elected to Congress as a Representa tive, serving from 1813 to 1817. Grout, Jonathan. He was born in Lunenburg, Worcester County, Massachu setts, July 23, 1737; was an officer in the colonial service in the French and Indian Avar of 1757-1760; studied law and settled in Petersham, Worcester County, Massa chusetts. Was an active and energetic Whig through the Revolutionary war; served for a short time in the Revolution ary army ; was for some years a member of the " General Court," or House of Rep resentatives of Massachusetts ; and in 1789 was elected a member of the First Con gress, in which he served from 1789 to 1791. He subsequently devoted himself to his pro fession, and died while attending Court at Dover, New Hampshire, Septembers, 1807. Grove, William JR. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1791 to 1803. Grover, Asa JP. Born in Ontario County, New York, in 1819 ; educated at Centre College, Kentucky, of which State he became a resident in 1847 ; studied and practised law; was elected to the State Senate in 1857 ; re-elected in 1861, hold ing the position eight years ; and was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Grover, Lafayette. Was born in Bethel, Oxford County, Maine; graduated at Bowdoin College ; studied law in Phila delphia, where he was admitted to the bar in 1850, and soon afterwards took up his 1G4 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. residence in Salem, Oregon Territory. In 1851 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney for the Territory; in 1852, Auditor of Public Accounts ; served three years in the Territorial Legislature ; saw some service iu the Indian wars of Oregon ; was a Com missioner in 1854 to adjust the claims of citizens of Oregon against the United States ; lie was appointed in 1856 one of the Commissioners to investigate the In dian war claims against the General Gov ernment ; and, having been an active mem ber of the Convention 6f 1857 to form a State Constitution, he was subsequently elected the first Representative iu Con gress from the prospective State, and took his seat as such iu February, 1859. Grover, Martin. He was a native of New York, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 18-15 to 1847 ; and was subsequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. Grow, Galusha A. Born in Ash- ford, Windham Caunty, Connecticut, Au gust 31, 1823; was educated at Amherst College, graduating in 1844 ; adopted the law as a profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1847 ; and, having settled among the mountains of Pennsylvania, and his health, in 1850, being delicate, he amused himself by surveying wild lands and raft ing ; and in 1850 he was elected a Eepre- sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, where he served as a member of the Com mittee on Territories and Public Printing. When Mr. Banks was- Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mr. Grow was Chairman of the Committee on Territo ries; and during one of the recesses of Congress he visited Europe. He was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Territories. lie-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, and was chosen Speaker of the House of Eepreseutatives. He was also a Delegate to the "Baltimore Con vention" of 1864. Grundy, Felix. Born in Virginia, September 11, 1770; he removed with his father to Kentucky, and was educated at Bardstown Academy; studied law, and soon became distinguished at the bar. He commenced his public career, at the age of twenty-two, as a member of the Conven tion for revising the Constitution of Ken tucky ; was afterwards, for six or seven years, a member of the Legislature of that State. In 1806 he was elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Kentucky, and was soon after Chief Justice. In 1807 he removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and became eminent as a lawyer. From 1811 to 1814 he was a Representative in Con gress from Tennessee, and during several years after was a member of the Legisla ture of that State. From 1820 to 1838 he was United States Senator, and in the 'latter year was appointed by President Van Buren Attorney -General of the United States ; in 1840 he resigned this position, and was again elected Senator. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, December 19, 1840. Gutin, James. He was a Senator of the United States, from Georgia, from 1789 to 1801, and died in Louisville, in that State, July 30, 1801. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern ment on the Potomac. Gurley, Henry H. He was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, in 1787; was edu cated at Williamstown College; studied law, and settled at an early day in Louisi ana ; and he was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1823 to 1831. He previously held the office of United States Judge of the District Court of Lou isiana, and died in 1832. Gurley, John A. Born in East Hartford, Connecticut, December 9, 1813; received an academic education; studied for the ministry, and was settled as a preacher at Methuen, Massachusetts, from 1834 to 1837, when he removed to Cincin nati, Ohio, where he published a paper, called the " Star of the West," for fifteen years. In 1858 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Re-elected to the Thirty -seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and on Roads and Canals. Died at Cincinnati, August 19, 1863, while holding the office of Governor of Arizona, conferred upon him by President Lincoln. Gustine, Amos. Tie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 1843, and died in Lost Creek Valley, Pennsylvania, March 3, 1844. Guthrie, James. He was born near Bardstown, Nelson County, Kentucky, December 5, 1792 ; educated at the Bards town Academy. When twenty years of age commenced trading with New Orleans as the owner of flat-boats ; studied law,aud in his twenty-fifth year settled at Louis ville as a lawyer. For a time he held the office of Prosecuting Attorney for the coun ty in which he lived, and for many years practised his profession with success. Dur ing that period he Avas shot by a political opponent, and was in consequence con fined to his bed for three years. He served nine years in the Legislature of the State and six years in the State Senate ; was Pres ident of the " State Constitutional Conven tion" of 1851; took an active part in the banking business of Louisville, and, after originating, became President of the Nash ville and Louisville Railroad. In 1853 he BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 165 went into President Pierce's cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury ; was a Delegate to the "' Chicago Convention " o/ 1864 ; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Kentucky, in 1865, for the term end ing in 1871, serving on the Committees on Finance, Agriculture, Patents, Appropria tions, and Mines and Mining. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Resigned in February, 18G8, on account of his health. Guyon, Jr., James. He was born in Richmond County, New York, in 1777; represented Staten Island in the Legisla ture of New York a number of years, and was a member of Congress from 1819 to 1821. He died on Stateu Island, March 8, 1846. Gwin, William M.Bom in Sum- ner County, Tennessee, October 9, 1805; graduated at Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky, and studied medi cine as a profession; he was appointed United States Marshal for Mississippi ; and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, serving from 1841 to 1843. He was Commissioner of Public Buildings to superintend the erection of the New Or leans Custom House; a member of the Convention for framing the Constitution of California, and was one of the first United States Senators from that State, having been elected in 1850 for six years, and re-elected in 1856 for the term which expired in 1861. He was Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and a member of the Committees on Finance,and on Post Offices and Post Roads. .During the Rebellion he was arrested and impris oned for his opposition to the Federal Government,. but was released on his pa role by President Johnson in 1866. Givinnett, Button. lie was born in England in 1732; received a good educa tion; came to America in 1770, and settled in Charleston, South Carolina; was de voted, first to commercial pursuits, and afterwards to planting, in Georgia; he joined the popular party, and wa,s conspic uous ."it revolutionary committees ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1776, and was one of the sign ers of the Declaration of Independence. He was a member, in 1777, of the Conven tion to form a State Constitution for Geor gia ; was re-elected to Congress, but, hav ing fought a duel with General Mclutosh, he was mortally wounded, and died May 27, 1777. Habersham, Joseph. He was born in Georgia ; served with distinction in the Revolutionary war as a Lieutenant-Col onel ; was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress from 1785 to 1786; was appointed by Washington Postmaster- General in 1795, and having been con tinued in office by Presidents Adams and Jeft'erson, resigned in 1802. Died in Georgia in 1815. Habersham, Richard W.llc was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1786, and was educated at Nassau Hall, New Jersey, where he graduated in 1805. He distin guished himself as a lawyer, and occupied many stations of trust in his native State, and was a Representative in Congress from 1839 to 1843, where he commanded, great respect for his political integrity. He died in Habersham County, Georgia, December 2, 1844. Hackett, Thomas (7. He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851, and was a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Died, at Marietta, Georgia, October 8, 1851. HacMey, Jr., Aaron. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, and was a mem ber of the New York Legislature in 1814, 1815, and 1818, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819- to 1821. Hahn, John. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817. Hahn, Michael. Born in Bavaria, in November, 1830; was brought to the United States when a child, and settled in Louisiana ; received a public-school educa tion in New Orleans, and received the degree of LL.D. in the University of Louisiana ; adopted the profession of law ; and in 1862 was chosen a Representative to the Thirty-seventh Congress, he and B. F. Flanders having been elected during the military rule in Louisiana. He took his seat at the close of the session. In 1864 he was elected Governor of Louisiana for the term ending in 1868. Haight, diaries. HQ was born at Colt's Neck, Monmouth County, New Jer sey, January 4, 1838 ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1857 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1862 as an attorney, and iu 1864 as a counsellor; was elected to the New Jersey Legislature in 1861 and 1862, and chosen Speaker in the latter year; was a Delegate to State Conventions iu 1864 and 1865; was commissioned a Brigadier-General of Militia in 1861, and. rendered effective service in raising troops for the war ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Naval Affairs. Haight, Edward. Bora in New York City, March 26, 1817; was educated at a private school; entered a counting- house, and turned his whole attention to 166 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. mercantile pursuits; became a director in the National Bank of New York, and sub sequently Vice- President of the Bank of the Commonwealth, and finally President, which position he still occupies. Besides acting as a director in six or seven banks and insurance companies, he has frequently served as an officer in various benevolent institutions. In I860 he was elected a llepresentative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Halle, William. He was born in 1797, and died at Woodville, Mississippi, March 7, 1837. He was a member of Congress, from Mississippi, from 1826 to 1828. Hale, Artemas. Born in Winchen- don, Worcester County, Massachusetts, October 20, 1783, and pursued the occupa tion of a fanner until twenty-one years of age, having received only a common- school education. He was a teacher in Hingham for ten years, and then removed to Bridgewater, where he engaged in manufacturing. He was a Representative in the Legislature for several years, and a State Senator in 1833 and 1834. In 1853 he was a member of the (i State Constitu tional Convention," and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1845 to 1849. In 1864 he was also a Presidential Elector. Hale, James T. He was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in Octo ber, 1810; received a common-school education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832; in 1851 he was appointed President Judge in the Twen tieth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, and on Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Died at Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1865. Hale, John P. Born in Rochester, Straflbrd County, New Hampshire, March 31, 1806. After preparing himself at Exeter Academy, he entered Bowdoin College, and graduated in 1827. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830; in 1832 he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1834 he was ap pointed, by President Jackson, District Attorney for New Hampshire, and re-ap pointed by President Van Buren; in 1843 he was elected a Representative in Congress; in 1846 he was again elected to the State Legislature, and chosen Speaker ; in 1847 he was elected a Senator in Congress, and after serving until 1853, devoted himself for two years to his profession, and was re-elected in 1855 to the United States Senate, and in 1859 was re-elected for the term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and member of that on Post Offices and Post Roads. In 1852 he was the Free-soil candidate for Vice- President of the United States. Soon after leaving the Senate, March 10, 1865, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Spain, Hale, "Robert S. Born in Chelsea, Orange County, Vermont, September 24, 1822; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1842; studied law, and after coming to the bar settled in the practice of his profession at Elizabethtown, Essex County, New York; was Judge of Essex County from 1856 to 1864 ; was appointed in 1859 a Regent of the University of New York; in 1860 he was a Presidential Elector ; and he was elected a Represent ative from New York to the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the place of Orlando Kellogg, deceased, serving on the Committees on the Militia, Manufactures, and Retrench ment. He was also a Delegate to the "National Union Convention" at Phila delphia, in 1866. Hale, Salma. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819, and a member of the State Legislature in 1823, 1824, and 1845, serving in both houses. Died November 19, 1866, aged seventy-nine years. Hale, William. He was one of the most influential men of New Hampshire, and a member of Congress from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1817. Died at Dover, November 8, 1848," aged eighty- four years. Haley, Elisha. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Hall, Augustus. He was born in New York, and elected a Representative in Congress, from Iowa, to the Thirty- fourth Congress. Hall, Boiling. He was a member of Congress, from Georgia, from 181 1 to 1817; died near Montgomery, Alabama, March 25, 1836, aged sixty-seven years. Hall, Chapin. Born in Ellicott, Chautauque County, New York, July 12, 1816; received a good English education; has devoted hjs life to mercantile pursuits in connection with lumbering; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsyl vania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. EIOGEAnilCAL EECOEDS. 167 Hall, f}eorge. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1816, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Hall, Hiland. He was born in Ben- nington, Vermont, July 20, 1795. He spent his boyhood cu his father's farm, receiving, as he could, a good English education ; studied law, and VT as admitted to the bar in 1819 ; in 1827 he was elected to the State Legislature, and afterwards, for several years, was State's Attorney ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1833 to 1843, officiat ing for several sessions as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. He was also Bank Commissioner for Ver- mdnt, from 1843 to 1816; fouryears Judge of the Supreme Court; iu 1850 Second Comptroller of the Treasury; and in 1851 was appointed, by President Fillmore, Land Commissioner for California, where he remained until 1854. He subsequently resided on the farm where he was born, and was elected Governor of Vermont in 1858 ; in 1859 he received from the Uni versity of Vermont the degree of LL.D., and served as a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Hall, tTohn* He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Constitutional Con vention from 1775 to 1776, and from 1783 to 1784. Hall, Joseph. He was born in Es sex County, Massachusetts, June 26, 1793 ; received a limited education ; after leav ing Audover Academy, went to Maine, and was a clerk in a store until he was twenty-one years of age ; served as Lieu tenant of Militia in 1813-'14; from 1817 until 1819 was engaged in mercantile pur suits ; was Sheriff of two counties for twelve years ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1833 to 1837, having been the first Northern man who voted against receiving slavery pe titions. Before entering Congress he was for four years Postmaster of Caraden, Maine ; and, by President Polk, was ap pointed Navy Agent of Boston in 1849. He has since been connected with the Boston Custom House. Hall, Lawrence, W.Re was born in Lake County, Ohio, in 1819; was edu cated in that State ; graduated at Hudson in 1830 ; was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; practised his profession until 1851, when he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which position he held until 1856, when he was elected a Repre sentative, from Ohio, to*, the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Agriculture, and on Pub lic Buildings and Grounds. During the troubles of 18G2 he was imprisoned for alleged disloyalty, and died soon after his release, in Ohio, January 26, 1863. Hall, Lyrnan. He was born in Con necticut in 1725 ; graduated at Yale Col lege in 1747; studied medicine and estab lished himself in Sunbury, Georgia. He early espoused the American cause ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1779, and signed the Declaration of Independence. His property was con fiscated by the British; in 1783 he was elected Governor of Georgia; and he died in that State in 1791. Hall, Nathan K. Born March 28, 1810, at Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York. He read law in the office of Mr. ( afterwards President) Fillmore, and became his partner in the practice of their profession, at Buffalo, Erie County, New York, in 1832. He has held different ad ministrative and judicial offices in his native State, served as a member of the State Legislature, and was a Representa tive in Congress from 1847 to 1849. On Mr. Fillmore's accession to the Presiden cy, in July, 1850, he was appointed to the office of Postmaster-General. He was subsequently appointed Judge of the United States District Court for Western New York. Hall, Obed. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1811 to 1813. Hall, Robert B. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, January 28, 1812; was educated for the ministry ; was a member of the Massachusetts Senate iu 1855 ; was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Congress in that year, and was re- elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions. Hall, Thomas B". Born in Edge- combe County, North Carolina, in 1773; was educated for the medical profession ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1825, and again from 1827 to 1835. In 1836 he served as a member of the State Senate, and voted against the reception of any of the surplus revenue of the United States Treasury by the State of North Carolina. He died in Tar- borough, June 30, 1853. Hall, Willard. He was born in Westford, Massachusetts, December 24, 1780; graduated at Harvard College in 1799; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1803 ; he removed to Dela ware and practised his profession there ; in 1811 he was elected Secretary of State in Delaware, and held that office threo years ; he was elected a Representative in Congress in 1816, and re-elected in 1818; he was again Secretary of State in 1821 ; 1G8 BIOGEAPHICAL KEC'OEDS. in 1822 he was elected to the Legislature ; and in 1823 was appointed, by President Monroe, District Judge of the United States for Delaware ; in 1829 he revised the State Laws of Delaware, and in 1831 he was a member of the " State Constitu tional Convention." Hall, Wlllard P. He was born in Virginia, and, on taking up his residence in Missouri, was elected a representative in Congress from 1817 to 1853. He was Lieutenant-Governor of that State in 1861, 18C2, and Acting Governor. Hall, William. He was born in 1774, and died in Sumner County, Ten nessee, in October, 1836. He was a Gen eral of Militia, and a Eepresentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1831 to 1833. Hall, William A. He was born in Maine, taken to Virginia in early child hood, and emigrated to Missouri in 1841. In 1844 he was a Presidential Elector; in 1847 was appointed a Judge of the Circuit Court; was a member of the "Missouri Convention " of 1861 ; was elected a Repre sentative, from Missouri, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, in the place of J. 13. Clark, expelled ; and in 1863 was re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and Expenditures in the Post Of fice Department. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " of 1866. Halloc7c, John, Jr. He was born in Orange County, New York, and was a member of the Assembly of New York State, from Orange County, in 1816 and 1817, and from 1820 to 1821 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1825 to 1829. Hallowai/, Mansom.A. Represent ative in Congress, from the Eighth Con gressional District of New York, from 1849 to 1851. He died in Mount Pleasant, Prince George County, Maryland, April 6, 1851. Halsey, George A. He was born in Springtield, Essex County, New Jersey, December 7, 1827 ; in 1844 he settled in Newark, and became engaged in the man- xifacturiug business ; in 1801 and 1862 he was elected to the State Assembly ; in the latter year he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Fifth District of New Jersey, which he held until 1866, and was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Retrenchment, and the District of Columbia. Halsey, JTcJiiel H. He was a mem ber of the New York Senate from 1832 to 1835, having previously been a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831." Halsey, Nicoll. He was a member of the New York Assembly, from Tomp- kins County, in 1824, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Halsey, Silas. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807, and, having previously been in the Assembly of that State for several years, was subsequently, for one year, a member of the State Senate. Hoisted, William. He was born in Nevy Jersey ; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1812; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was a candidate for election to the Twen ty-sixth Congress, and, although he came with the broad seal of his State, he was not admitted. Hamer, Thomas J/. He was born in Pennsylvania; removed to Ohio when quite young; taught a common school; studied law, and came to the bar in 1821 ; served several sessions in the State Leg islature, and was once elected Speaker. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1839, and died at Monterey, Mexico, while serving in the war, December 3, 1846. He entered the army as a private, and was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. It has been said to his credit that he was the Representative who nominated General U. S. Grant, as a Cadet to West Point. Hamilton, Alexander. Born in the Island of St. Croix, of American parents, in 1757; when sixteen years of age he came to New York, and spent three years in King's College ; two years afterwards he entered the army as an officer of artillery, and became an Aide- de-Camp to Washington, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel ; he acquitted him self with credit at the siege of Yorktown ; after the war he quitted the army, and turned his attention to the law in New York; he was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in "l782-'83, and in 1787-'88; in 1786 he was elected to the State Assembly ; and he was elected to the Convention* which formed the Federal Constitution. By his writings, signed Publius, he did much to secure its adoption, but was the only member from New York who signed that instrument. In 1789 he was appointed, by Washington, Secretary of th Treasury, and continued in that office until 1795, when he resigned. In 1798 he was associated with Washing ton in command of the army ; and in 1804 he had a difficulty with Aaron Burr, which BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 169 resulted in a duel, which took place at Iloboken, and, having received a fatal shot, died on the following day, July 12, 1804. He was the author of a great variety of able essays on politics and finance, and especially of the largest number of chap ters published in the " Federalist," and his collected writings were published in an edition of seven volumes in 1850. Hamilton, Andrew 7. Born in Madison County, Alabama, January 28, 1815; received a good common-school education, spending his earlier years on his father's farm. He held for some years the position of Clerk of the Circuit Court, and did business as a merchant; he sub sequently studied law, and was admitted to the bar ; in 1846 he removed to Texas, and devoted himself to his profession. In that State he held the office of Attorney- General ; served frequently in the Legisla ture; in 1856 was a Presidential Elector; and was elected a Representative from Texas to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Select Committee of Thirty-three. In 1862 he was ap pointed, by President Lincoln, Military Governor of Texas ; and in 18G5, by President Johnson, Provisional Governor of the same State. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and also of the " Soldiers' Convention," held at Pittsburg. Hamilton, Cornelius S. He was born in Mu.skingum County, Ohio, Janu ary 2, 1821; received a common-school education; studied law, but in addition to practising that profession he paid some attention to farming and banking, and edited a newspaper; in 1850 he was elected to the " State Constitutional Con vention;" in 1856 to the Senate of the State; was subsequently appointed an Assessor of Internal Revenue, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims and Invalid Pensions. He was called from his duties iu Washington to attend upon a son, who had suddenly become insane, and by that son, in an unguarded moment, he was killed, at Marysville, Ohio, December 21, 1867. Hamilton, James. Born in Charles ton, South Carolina, in 1789 ; was liberally educated; and adopted the law as a profession. In 1812 he served with dis tinction on the Canadian frontier; was for several years Mayor of Charleston; in 1823 was elected to the State Legislature ; and from that position was transferred to the National House of Representatives, where he remained until" 1829. He was subsequently chosen Governor of South Carolina, and, becoming interested in the Republic of Texas, helped to promote her independence, and went to Europe as Minister Plenipotentiary from that re public. He did much to promote the interests of his native city and State, and was one of the founders of the " Southern Quarterly Review," and also of the Bank of Charleston. At the time of his death he was a Senator-elect in Congress, from Texas, but was drowned on his passage to Texas, November 15, 1857, by a col lision between the steamers Galvestoa and Opelousas, having been a passenger on board the latter steamer. Hamilton, John. He was at one time High Sheriff of Washington County, Pennsylvania, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1807. He died at home, August 31, 1837. Hamilton, William T. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1855. Hamlin, Edward S. lIe was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1844 to 1845. Hamlin, Hannibal. Born in Paris, Oxford County, Maine, August 27, 1809 ; prepared himself for a collegiate educa tion, but, owing to his father's death, was obliged to take charge of his farm, where he remained until he was of age ; he then, spent a year in a printing-office as a com positor ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833, and continued in active practice until 1848 ; was a member of the Maine Legislature from 1836 to 1840; and Speaker of the House in 1837, 1839, and 1840 ; was elected a Representative to the Twenty-eighth Congress, and re-elected to the Twenty-ninth Congress; was again a member of the House of Representatives in the State Legislature in 1847; and elected to the United States Senate, May 26, 1848, for four years, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the decease of John Fair- field. He was re-elected for six years in 1851, and elected Governor of Maine, Jan uary 7, 1857, resigning his seat in the Sen ate and being inaugurated Governor the same day. On the sixteenth of the same month was re-elected United States Sen ator for six years, and resigned the office of Governor, February 20, 1857. He served as a member of the Committees on Commerce and on the District of Colum bia. In I860 he was nominated by the Republican party as their candidate for the office of Vice-President, and was elected. In 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Customs for the port of Boston. Hammet, William J". He was born in Virginia; studied divinity; was Chaplain of the University of Virginia, when he finished his education ; was at one time Chaplain of Congress ; and a Repre- 170 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. sentative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1843 to 1845. Hammond, Edward. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Hammond, JTabez Z>. He was a lawyer and popular political writer of New York ; did not receive a collegiate educa tion, but Union College conferred on him the degree of A.M. He was a Represent ative in Congress from New York, from 1815 to 1817, and, on the expiration of his term, he was elected to the State Senate, of which he was a member until 1821. He visited Europe, in 1830, to restore his health. He was elected County Judge in 1838, and about that time commenced his "Political History of the State of New York." In 1845 he was elected to succeed Mr. Van Buren as a Regent of the Uni versity of New York, and held the office until his death. After his return from Europe, having withdrawn in a measure from public and professional life, he de voted himself to literary pursuits, and pub lished works entitled "Julius Melbourn," "The Political History of New York," and the " Life and Times of Silas Wright." He died, August 18, 1855, in Cherry Valley, New York, his place of residence. Hammond, James H. Born in Newbury District, South Carolina, No vember 15, 1807; graduated at the State College, Columbia, in 1827 ; practised law from 1828 to 1830 ; was editor of the "South ern Times ;" served his native State in Con gress, from 1835 to 1837; after which he visited Europe for his health. In 1841 he was appointed a General of Militia; and in 1842 elected Governor of South Carolina. After spending about fifteen years in the quiet enjoyment of his plantation on the Savannah River, devoting himself to ag ricultural and literary pursuits, he was, in November, 1857, elected to the United States Senate in place of A. P. Butler, but withdrew in December, 1860. He died at his residence, November 13, 1864. Hammond, Robert IT. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Died June 2, 1847. Hammond, Samuel. Born in Rich mond County, Virginia, September 21, 1757 ; received as good an education as the country afforded at the time. When quite young he volunteered in an expedition against the Indians under Governor Dun- more, and acquired distinction at the battle of the Kanawha. When the Revolution broke out he displa} r ed great bravery and ability at the battle of Long Bridge, at the siege of Savannah, where he was made Assistant Quartermaster ; at the battle of Black Stocks, where he had three horses shot from under him, and was wounded. He was a member of the "Council of Capitu lation" at Charleston ; was at the battle of King's Mountain. He was also at the siege of Augusta; at the battle of Cowpens ; the battle of Eutaw, where he was again badly wounded; and also at many others. After the war he settled at Savannah, and held many positions of trust and honor; in 1793 he headed a volunteer corps, and did good service in the Creek country; served a number of years in the Georgia Legisla ture ; was one of the early Governors of the State; and he was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805. He was also appointed, by President Jefferson, Military and Civil Commandant of Upper Louisiana; and Receiver of Pub lic Money in Missouri. He was also Presi dent of the Bank of St. Louis. In 1824, he returned to South Carolina, and was elected to the Legislature of that State ; was appointed Surveyor-General; and in 1831, Secretary of State. He retired from public life in 1835, and died September 11, 1842, leaving behind a brilliant reputation both as a patriot and as a man. Hammons, David. He was born in Oxford County, Maine, in 1807; received a limited education ; studied law and com menced the practice in Lovell, Oxford County, in 1836 ; was a member of the Senate of Maine in 1840 and 1841 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1847 to 1849. Now living in Bethel, Maine, devoted to his profession. Hammons, Joseph. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1829 to 1833; and died at Farmingtou, in that State, April, 1836. Hamilton, James G.lle was born in New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1835 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1845 to 1849. Hampton, Moses. Born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1803, but removed with his father to Trumbull County, Chio, so that his opportunities for even a common-school education were lim ited; he, however, by his own exertions, obtained a classical education, and gradu ated at Washington College, Pennsylvania. He studied law at Uniontown, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1829, and commenced to practise in Somerset, Pennsylvania, where he remained until 1838, and then went to Pittsburg, and pursued the prac tice of his profession. From 1847 to 1851, he was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, and declined a re-election. In 1853, he was elected President Judge of the District Court for Alleghany County, and still holds that office. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS 171 Hampton, Wade. He was born in South Carolina, in 1775; he took an active part in the war of the Revolution; was a Representative in Congress from that State from 1795 to 1797, and from 1803 to 1805; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; also in 1829 ; commanded a brigade in 1812 on the north ern frontier; he spent the larger part of his life engaged in agricultural pursuits, by which he amassed a very large fortune, having been called the richest planter in the United States ; and he died at Colum bia, South Carolina, February 4, 1834. Hanchett, Luther. Was born in Portage County, Ohio, October, 25, 1825 ; received a good education at Fremont; studied law and commenced the practice when twenty-one years of age ; emigrated to Wisconsin in 1849 ; spent some time en gaged in the lead and lumbering business ; was four years District Attorney lor Por- lage County in his adopted State ; from 1856 to 1860 was a member of the Wiscon sin Senate ; and in 1860 he was elected a Repi'esentative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures, and Private Land Claims. Died at Madison, Wisconsin, November 26, 1862. Hancock, John. Born near Quincy, Massachusetts, in 1737; graduated at Har vard University in 1754 ; was bred to com mercial pursuits in the counting-house of an uncle, and visited Europe in 1760, and became a successful merchant. He was for many years one of the selectmen of Boston; in 1766 went into the General Assembly of the State, where he became distinguished for his ability. He was among the first to repel the policy of Eng land, and the first vessel seized by the rev enue officers was his property. In 1774, he was unanimously elected President of the Provincial Congress, and, having been elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1775, he was chosen President of that body, serving as such two years and a half, and as a Delegate from 1775 to 1780, and from 1785 to 1786. He was the first man to sign the Declaration of Inde pendence, and his peculiar signature is universally known ; and he also signed the Articles of Confederation. He was a mem ber of the Convention to form a State Constitution ; was Governor of Massachu setts for five years, after the adoption of its Constitution, and, under the Federal Constitution, from 1789 to near the close of the year 1793, when he died on the 8th of October. He was a bold and high-toned patriot, and possessed all the personal qualities of a good man and a true gen tleman. Hancock, George. lie was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797. He served as a Colo nel in the Revolution; was greatly be loved by his associates, and died at Fotheringay, Virginia, August 1, 1820, in the sixty-sixth year of his age. Hand, Augustus C. He was born in Shoreham, Addison County, Vermont, in 1806 ; and, having adopted the profes sion of law, settled at Elizabethtown, Essex County, New York. He was Sur rogate of that County from 1831 to 1839 ; a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1839 to 1841 ; a member of the State Senate from 1845 to 1848 ; ar.d was a Justice of the Supreme Court from 1848 to 1856; after which he was wholly de voted to the practice of his profession. Hand, Edward. He was a Dele gate from Pennsylvania 1o the Continental Congress, in 1784 and 1785. Hanna, John A. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1797 to 1805. Hanna, 'Robert. He was a member of the Indiana "Constitutional Conven tion " of 1816 ; a General of Militia ; was for many years in the State Legislature ; was a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, by appointment, from 1831 to 1832 ; took au active part for many years in the public affairs of his State ; and was killed by the cars, while walking on the track of a rail road at Indianapolis, November 19, 1858. Hannegan, Edward A. He was born in Ohio, but spent his boyhood in Kentucky; received a good education, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in his twenty-third year, settling in Indiana. He was frequently a member of the State Legislature, and a Representative in Con gress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 1837, and a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1849, officiating a part of the time as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals, and on Enrolled Bills. On his re tirement from the Senate he was appoint ed Minister to Prussia, and on his return from Europe took up his residence in Missouri. He died at St. Louis, February 25, 1859. Hanson, Alexander Contee. He was a lawyer by profession; was a Presidential Elector in 1789 and 1793; and at one time edited a political newspa per called the " Federal Republican," first at Baltimore and then at Georgetown, Dis trict of Columbia. He was a bitter oppo nent of the administration, and in 1812 published an article which so irritated the populace that his printing-office in Balti more was destroyed. He resolved to re issue the paper, and took possession of a house for that purpose, supported by sev eral political friends, well armed ; the paper appeared next morning with an ar ticle against the people and police of 172 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Baltimore, and in the evening the house was attacked by a mob, which was, how ever, repelled; but Mr. Hanson and his friends were obliged to surrender to the civil authorities for security, and were conducted to jail. That building was also attacked, and he was thrown in front of the jail, with others, and left by the mob, supposed to be dead. Then it was that he issued his paper in Georgetown. He afterwards settled in Baltimore, and was elected a Representative in Congress, serving from 1813 to 1816, when he was elected a Senator of the United States from Maryland. He died at Belmont, April 23, 1819, aged thirty-three years. Hanson, J~o7m. He was distin guished as a friend of his country, and was a Delegate from Maryland to the Conti nental Congress from 1781 to 1783 ; Presi dent of that body during the first session, and a signer of the Articles of Confeder ation. He died in 1783. Haralson, Hugh A. Born in Greene County, Georgia, November 13, 1805. He graduated at the University of Georgia in 1825, and adopted the law as a profession, having, by an act of the Legis lature, been permitted to practise before he was twenty-one. He was for many years a member of the Georgia Legisla ture, and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1851. He died at home in October, 1854. He also participated in the military affairs of the State, and was a Major-General of Militia; and when in Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. Sard, Gideon. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837, and a State Senator from 1842 to 1847. Hardeman, Thomas, Jr. lie was born in Bibb County, Georgia, January 12, 1825, and elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage. He had before served in the State Legis lature. Joined the great Rebellion in 1861. Hardin, Benjamin. He was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817, from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1833 to 1837, and died at Bardstown, Kentucky, Sep tember 24, 1852. Hardin, John J". He was born at Frankfort, Kentucky, in 1810; was the son of M. D. Hardin, previously a member of Congress. He graduated at the Transyl vania University ; adopted the profession of law; and, having removed to Illinois, located in Jacksonville, where he prac tised his profession with success. He held the olfice of Prosecuting Attorney for his Circuit; was a member of the Illi nois Legislature from 1836 to 1842 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1843 to 1845 ; and he commanded a regiment in the war with Mexico, and was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, while leading his men in the final charge, with heroic gallantry, February 23, 1847. Hardin, Martin J). He was born on the Monougahela River, Western Penn sylvania, June 21, 1780. He was educated chiefly at Transylvania Seminary, in Ken tucky; studied law; served for several years in the Legislature of Kentucky ; was at one time Secretary of State for Ken tucky ; served in the North-western army as a Major; and was a Senator in Con gress during the years 1816 and 1817. He had a superior mind, and as a lawyer was eminently successful. He died in Franklin County, Kentucky, October 8, 1823. Harding, Aaron. Was born in Greene County, Kentucky; spent his boy hood on a farm ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833, locating in Greene County ; in 1840 he was elected to the State Legis lature, and in 1861 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 'the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and Invalid Pen sions. He was also a delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion" of 1866. Harding, Abner C. Born in East Hampton, Middlesex County, Connecticut, February 10, 1807; was educated chiefly at 'Hamilton Academy, New York; prac tised law in Oneida County, of that State, and fifteen years in Illinois ; managed farms in that State for twenty-five years ; was a member of the Illinois " Constitutional Convention" of 1848; served in the State Legislature in 1848-'49 and 1850 ; was for ten years engaged in managing railroads. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in the Eighty-third Illinois Infantry, and, having been appointed its Colonel, served with success at Fort Donelson ; was made a Brigadier-General, and had command at Murfreesboro' in 1863, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on the Union Prisoners, Claims, and the Militia. Harding, Benjamin F. Born in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, January BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. 173 4, 1823 ; studied law in liis native county, and came to the bar in 1847 ; emigrated to Illinois in 1848, and during; the following year settled in Oregon ; in 1850 was chosen a member of the Legislative Assembly; in 1851 was Chief Clerk of the Legislative Assembly ; in 1852 was chosen a member of the Legislature and made Speaker. In 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce, United States District Attorney for the Territory of Oregon ; in 1854 was ap pointed Secretary of the Territory, which office he held until Oregon was admitted as a State. From 18.59 to 18G2 he was a member of the State Legislature, serving the two last years as Speaker; and in 18G2 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Oregon, taking his seat during the third session of the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee oil Naval Affairs, and that on Public Lauds. Hardy, Samuel. lie was a Dele- pate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1783 to 1785. Saving, John. lie was a Delegate, from New York, to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1775, and again from 1785 to 178S. Ifarlan, Aaron. He was born in Warren County, Ohio, September 8, 1802; received a good English education; adopt ed the profession of law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1825 ; in 1831 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and in 1838 and 1839 was elected to the State Senate; was a Presidential Elector, in 1844, from Ohio; in 1849 was again elected to the State Senate; in 1850 was a member of the " State Constitutional Con vention ; " and in 1852 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Ohio, where he continued to serve the people of his native district until the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Harlan, Andreiv J. He was born in Chester, Clinton County, Ohio, March 29, 1815; received a limited education; studied law, but abandoned the practice for politics. In 1842 he was elected Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives ; was elected to the Legislature in 1S46, 1847, and 1848 ; and was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1849 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 1855. Sarlan, James. Born in Mercer County, Kentucky, June 22, 1800; re ceived a good English education, and en gaged in mercantile pursuits from 1817 to 1821. He then commenced the study of the law, and was admitted to the bar in 1823. In 1829 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Circuit in which he re sided, and held the office four years. In 1835 he was elected a Representative in Con gress from Kentucky, and in 1837 was re- elected ; during the last session he was Chairman of the Committee for Investigat ing Defalcations. From 1840 to 1844 he was Secretary of State of Kentucky, and was a Presidential Elector in 1841. In 1845 he was elected to the lower branch of the Legislature ; and in 1850 he was ap pointed Attorney-General of that State, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Frankfort, Kentucky, Feb ruary 18, 1863. Harlan, James. He was born in Clarke County, Illinois, August 25, 1820; graduated at the Indiana Asbury Univer sity in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law; was Superiutendant of Public In struction for Iowa in 1847 ; was President of the Iowa Wesleyan University in 1853; and was elected a Senator in Congress from Iowa in 1855, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. On the 12th of January, 1857, because of in formality in his appointment, and after long debate, his seat was declared vacant ; but on the 17th of the same month he was elected by the Legislature for the term ending in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the "Peace Convention" of 1861. He was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1867. In March, 1865, he was invited by President Lincoln to succeed Mr. Usher as Secretary of the Interior De partment. After the death of President Lincoln he waived his right to a seat in the cabinet of President Johnson, but the appointment of the former was con firmed by the latter, and on the 15th of May, 1865, he resigned his seat in the Senate and entered upon his duties as Secretary of the Interior. In January, I860, he was again re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1867 and end ing in 1873, and in July he resigned his position as Secretary of the Interior, the resignation to take effect in the September following. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. In 1867 he was made Chairman of the Committee on the District of Colum bia, serving on those on Foreign Relations, Post Office, and Pacific Railroad. Harmanson, John H. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, iu January, 1803. He was educated at Jefferson College, Mis sissippi, and, having removed to Louisi ana, devoted himself first to one of the mechanic arts, then to law, and afterwards to agriculture. He served in the State Senate in 1844; and was elected to the National House of Representatives in 1845, and re-elected in 1847 and 1849, ever keeping a watchful eye upon the interests of his adopted State, and proposed in Congress a project to secure a grant from the United States to Louisiana of all the 174 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. submerged lands in that State, with a view to their redemption from that con dition, and thus promoting the public health. He died in New Orleans, October 25, 1850. Harnett, Cornelius. KG was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Con tinental Congress, from 1777 to 1780, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Harper, Alexander. He was born in Ireland, and, having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839, from 1843 to 1847, and again from 1851 to 1853. Harper, Francis J. He was elect ed a member of Congress from Pennsyl vania, but died before taking his seat, March 18, 1837, aged thirty-eight years. Harper, James. He was born in Ireland, and, having emigrated to Penn sylvania, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1837. Harper, John A. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1811 to 1813. Harper, Joseph M. Born in Lim erick, Maine, June 21, 1787; commenced active life by working on his father's farm in summer, and going to the district school in winter ; he was also at the Frye- burg Academy, and taught school; he studied medicine and law and practised both professions; and he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1831 to 1835. In 1858 was President of the Mechanics' Bank, Con cord. For a short time in 1831 he offi ciated as Acting Governor of New Hamp shire. Died in Canterbury, N. H., Jan uary 14, 1865. Harper, Robert G.Ue was born near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in 1765; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1785, and for a time a teacher in that in stitution; removing to Charleston, South Carolina, he studied law and Avas ad mitted to the bar of that State ; he was a leading Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1794 to 1801; he subsequently removed to Baltimore, Ma ryland, and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, during the years 1815 and 1816; in 1819 he visited Europe, and, on his return, devoted himself to the cause of the Colonization Society and to liter ary pursuits, publishing a number of in teresting addresses and papers, which were subsequently collected in a volume. He served with credit in the war of 1812, having attained the rank of Major-Gen eral. He died suddenly, January 15, 1826, having been engaged the preceding day in the Circuit Court. Harper, William. He was a na tive of South Carolina; born January 17, 1790; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1808, and became one of the Board of Trustees of that institution in 1813; adopted the profession of law; served in the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker of the lower house. He was a Senator in Congress, from South Carolina, during the year 1826, and was appointed Chancellor of that State in 1835. He was, in 1830, elected a Judge of the Court of Appeals, and for a time State Reporter. For domestic reasons, he spent a few years in Missouri, from 1818 to 1823, and while in that State was made Chancellor of the State. He was an eminent jurist, and died October 10, 1847. Harrington, Henry W. Was born in Otsego County, New York, Sep tember 12, 1825; studied law, and came to the bar in 1849 ; in 1856 he took up his residence in Indiana, and continued the prosecution of his profession there ; after serving in a local Convention he was chosen a delegate to the Charleston Con vention in 1860 ; and in 1862 lie was elect ed a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was subsequently appointed an Assessor of Internal Revenue in Indiana. Harris, Benjamin Gwinn.Born near Leonardtovvn, St. Mary's County, Maryland, December 13, 1806; after re ceiving an academical education at Char lotte Hall, he spent a few months in St. Mary's College, and went to Yale College, from which he was dismissed with one hundred and forty others, in 1829, on ac count of their seceding from Commons Hall ; and although a compact was en tered into that they would not return un less their wishes were respected, all of them did return, excepting Mr. Harris and one other, a Georgian. He subse quently spent fourteen months at the Cambridge Law School, and then settled in his native county as a lawyer. In 1832 he was elected to the House of Delegates of Maryland, and re-elected in 1833, 1836, 1849, 1852, and 1856. With his profession and public duties he ever combined agri cultural pursuits; and in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee 011 Manufactures. He was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention "of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress. In May, 1865, he was arrested and tried by Court-Martial for violating the 56th article of war, and, although declared guilty, the President, on account of ad ditional testimony, ordered the sentence of the court to be remitted in full. Harris, diaries M. He was born BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 175 in Munfordsville, Hart County, Kentucky, April 10, 1821 ; received a common-school education ; adopted the profession of law ; and, having become a citizen of Illinois, he was elected, in 1862, a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Pub lic Expenditures and on Expenditures in the War Department. Harris , Ira. He was born in Charleston, Montgomery County, New York, May 31, 1802, tracing his lineage to the colony of Roger Williams ; when a boy he labored upon a farm in summer, and attended school in winter; in his seventeenth year he entered Cortlaud Academy to prepare for college; gradu ated at Union College in 1824; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Albany, where he settled. For seventeen years "he devoted his whole attention to his profession, in which he was eminently successful, avoiding all political entangle ments. In 1844 he was elected to the State Legislature ; re-elected in 1845 ; was a Delegate in 184G to the Convention for revising the Constitution of the State ; before the Convention adjourned was elected to the State Senate; in 1847 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court, and held the position twelve years and a half; and in 1861 he was elected, for six years, a Senator in Congress from New York, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Private Laud Claims, and mem ber of the Committees on the Judiciary, Foreign Relations, and Public Lands. He was a member of the Special Joint Com mittee on the Rebellious States. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. During his sojourn in Washington he delivered an occasional Lecture before the Law Stu dents of Columbian College by invitation of the Faculty. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven tion" of 1806, and to the " State Constitu tional Contention" of 1867. Harris, IsJiam G. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; also Governor from 1857 to 1861. Took part in the Rebellion, after which he settled in Liverpool as a merchant. Harris, J. Morrison. Born in the City of Baltimore, in 1821; was educated at Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, and studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1843. He was a Presidential Elector in 1848, and in 1855 was elected a Represent ative, from Maryland, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and returned to the Thirty-fifth Congress in 1857, serving as a member of the Committee on Mileage. Also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affiiirs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Na tional Union Convention" of 1866. Harris, John. lie was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809. Harris, John T. Born in Albemarle County, Virginia, in 1823 ; received a good English education, going to school aud working on his father's farm alternately; taught school for a while; studied law, and was licensed to practise in 1845 ; was a State Elector in 1848, 1851, and 1855; a Presidential Elector in 1852 and 1856; was twice elected Attorney for the Com monwealth ; and was elected a Represent ative, from Virginia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Harris, Marie. He was born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1779 ; removed to Portland in 1800 ; went into trade as a grocer ; took an active part in politics ; held the offices of County and State Treasurer for twenty years ; was a State Senator in 1816 and 1819 ; a State Coun cillor in 1820; served also in the State Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1822 to 1823, for the unexpired term of E. Whitman. Died in New York, March 2, 1843. Harris, Robert. He was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1827. Harris, Sampson W. Born in Elbert County, Georgia, February 23, 1809, and died in Washington City, April 1, 1857. He graduated at Franklin Col lege in 1828; adopted the profession of law; served one term in the Georgia Legislature, and then removed to Ala bama. He was there appointed Prose cuting Attorney for the State; and in 1847 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, where he con tinued until his death. Harris, Thomas K.lle was a Representative in Congress, from Ten- nesee, from 1813 to 1815. Harris, Thomas L.He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, October 29, 1816; graduated at Trinity College, Hart ford, in 1841 ; studied law, in Connecticut, with Governor Isaac Toucey; was ad mitted to the bar, in Virginia, in 1842, and during that year commenced the practice of his profession in Petersburg, Menard County, Illinois. In 1845 he was chosen School Commissioner for his county; and in 1846 he raised and commanded a com pany, and joined the Fourth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers to serve in the war 17G BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. with Mexico; he was afterwards elected Major of the regiment, and, owing to the sickness of his superior officers, was chief in command during most of the campaign. He was at the taking of Vera Cruz, and served in the navy battery with a detach ment during the day of its terrible fire ; was also at Cerro Gordo, and, after the wounding of General Shields, took com mand of the regiment, and was honorably mentioned in government despatches, for placing a twenty-four pounder battering cannon on the heights of Cerro Gordo, during the night preceding the battle. While absent in the army, in 1846, he was elected a Senator in the Illinois Legisla ture, and in 1848 was chosen a Represent ative in Congress, serving through the Thirty-first, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congr'ess; during his second term he officiated as Chairman of the Com mittee on Elections. He took a special interest in the election in Illinois when he was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress ; and it is supposed that, owing to his declining health, the efforts he made to attend the polls were the more immediate cause of his death, which occurred at Springfield, Illinois, November 24, 1858. His disease was pulmonary consumption. "Harris, W. L. He was appointed, by the acting Governor of Mississippi, in 1851, to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate, caused by the resignation of J. Davis ; but it does not appear, from the Journal of the Senate, that he took his seat. Harris, Wiley J*. He was born in Mississippi, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Took part in the Rebellion. Harris, William A. He was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, August 8, 1805; received a classical education; he adopted the profession of law, and prac tised it for ten years ; he was twice elected to ^he Legislature of Virginia; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1841 to 1843. He was editor, for several years, of a journal called the " Spectator," and subsequently of the " Constitution," published in Washington ; and in 1845 he was appointed, by Presi dent Polk, Charge d'Affaires to Buenos Ayres, where he remained until 1851. After the election of Mr. Buchanan to the Presidency, he became the editor and pro prietor of the " Washington Union," which continued in his possession until he was elected Printer to the United States Senate, which office he held for two years. In 1854 he removed to Missouri, and died in Pike County, March 28, 18G4. Harrison, Albert G. - He was a native of Kentucky ; a lawyer by profes sion ; and a member of Congress, from Missouri, from 1835 to 1839. He died at Fulton, Missouri, September 7, 1839, highly esteemed. Harrison, Benjamin. Born in Berkeley County, Virginia ; was educated at the College of William and Mary ; after performing important duties on local com mittees, he was elected to the Williams- burg Convention of 1774; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778, and signed the Declaration of Inde pendence; in 1775 he was a member of the Richmond Convention; took an important part in organizing means of defence; while in Congress he served conspicuously on the most important committees, and was very popular as Chairman of the Com mittee of the Whole. He was a Council lor of Virginia under the new form of government ; and he was considered a co lossus in the cause of liberty and human rights. He was a member and Speaker of the House of Burgesses; in 1782 he was elected Governor of Virginia, and twice re-elected; subsequently served in the Legislature; was a member of the Convention called to ratify the Federal Constitution; and he died in April, 1791. He was the warm personal friend of Washington, and the father of President William Henry Harrison. Harrison, Carter B.He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1799. Harrison, JoJin Scott. Re was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1853 to 1857. He was the son of William Henry Harrison. Harrison, Richard A. He was born in England in 1827, and emigrated to Ohio in 1836; received a good English education ; served for a time in a printing- office in Clarke County ; graduated at the Cincinnati Law School in 1846 ; in 1857, he was elected to the Ohio House of Rep resentatives; subsequently to the State Senate ; and he was elected a Represent ative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Invalid Pensions and the Militia. Harrison, S. S. He was born in Maryland; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1833 to 1837. Harrison, William. He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continen tal Congress from 1785 to 1787. Harrison, William Henri/. Was born in Charles County, Virginia. February 9, 1773 ; was educated at Hampeu Sydney College, and afterwards studied medicine. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 177 lie received from Washington n military commission in 1791, and fought under Wayne in 1792. After the battle of Miami Ilapids, he was made Captain and placed in command of Fort Washington. In 1797 he was appointed Secretary of the North west Territory; and in 1799 and 1800 he was a Delegate to Congress. Being ap pointed Governor of Indiana, he was also Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and ne gotiated thirteen treaties. He gained a great victory in the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 1811. In the war with Great Britain he was Commander of the North west army, and was distinguished in the defence of Fort Meigs, and the victory of the Thames. From 181Gto 1819 he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio ; a Presidential Elector in 1821 and 1825; and from 1825 to 1828 United States Senator. In 1828 he was Minister to the Republic of Colombia; and on his return he resided upon his farm, at North Bend, Ohio; In 1840 he was elected President of the Uni ted States, by 234 votes out of 294, and inaugurated March 4, 1841. He died in the Presidential mansion, April 4, 1841. Hart, Emanuel B. Born in New York City, October 29, 1811 ; entered early upon a mercantile occupation; went to the Spanish Main as a supercargo, and settled in New York as a commission mer chant; served for a time in the Board of Aldermen ; was a Representative in Con gress from 1851 to 1853 ; he was at one time a Lieutenant-Colonel of the State Militia ; and was appointed, by President Buchanan, Surveyor of the Port of New York. Mr. Hart has also frequently been a member of the State and National Conven tions of the Democratic party. Hart, John. Born in Hopewell, Huuterdou County, New Jersey, in 1715 ; received a good plain education; was a farmer by occupation; frequently served in the Colonial Legislature ; and he was a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1774 to 1776, and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Died in 1780. Hart, Hoswell. Born in Rochester, New York, in 1824; graduated at Yale College in 1843 ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1847, but never prac tised the profession; devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs, Ex penditures in the State Department, and the District of Columbia. He was also re- elected to the Fortieth Congress. Hartley, TJiomas.Hc was born in Reading, Pennsylvania; served in the Revolutionary war as a Colonel from 1776 to 1779 ; was a lawyer of eminence ; and 12 a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1789 until his death, which occurred at York, Pennsylvania, in 1800. He was one of those who voted for locat ing the Seat of Government on the Po tomac. Harvey, Jonathan. lie was born in Merrimack County, New Hampshire; served seven years in the two houses of the State Legislature ; was President of the Senate from 1817 to 1823; was a State Councillor from 1823 to 1825 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1825 to 1831, during his last term serving as a member of the Commit tee on Commerce. Died in Sutton, New Hampshire, August 23, 1859, aged seventy- nine years. Harvey, Matthew. He was born in Hillsborough County, Hew Hampshire, in 1781, and was for many years a member of the New Hampshire Legislature ; Speak er of the House from 1818 to 1821, and President of the Senate from 1825 to 1828 ; a State Councillor in 1828 ; Governor of the State in 1830; and in 1831 was ap pointed Judge of the United States Dis trict Court. His services as a Represent ative in Congress, from New Hampshire, were rendered from 1821 to 1825. Died at Concord, New Hampshire, April 7, 18G6. Harvie, John. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1778 to 1779, and signed the Articles of Confederation. HasbroucJc, Abraham. lie was a member of the New York Assembly, from Ulster County, in 1781 and 1782, and again in 1811; and a Representative in Congress from. 1813 to 1815 ; and State Senator iu 1822. HasbroucJc, Abraham IS. He graduated at Yale College iu 1810; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. He was a native of Ulster County, New York; but he spent a few years of his life in New Jersey, and was President of Rutgers Col lege, which office he resigned. HasbroucJc, Josiah. He was for four years a member of the New York As sembly, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805, and again from 1817 to 1819. Hascall, Augustus P. He was born in Massachusetts ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York,, from 1851 to 1853. Hashell, William T. He was bora in Tennessee ; received a liberal educa tion, and adopted the profession of law; he commanded, as CoJ.ou.el, a Regiment of 178 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOBDS. Tennessee Volunteers in the war with Mexico, having distinguished himself at Mcdelin and at Cerro Gordo; and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1847 to 1849, and a Presidential Elector iu 1852. He died at Hopkiusville, Tennessee, March 20, 1859. HasMn, John B. Born at Ford- ham, Westchester County, New York, Au gust 7, 1821 ; educated at a public school iu New York City ; he was a lawyer by pro fession ; held several important city offices from 184G to 185G, and was then elected a Representative, in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, from New York, officiating as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department ; and was also elect ed to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures. Hastings, George. He was born in Clinton, Oneicla County, New York, March 13, 1807; graduated at Hamilton College in 1826 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830; he was District Attorney for Oncida County nine years ; and he was n Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855. Late in the latter year he was elected Judge for Livingston County, which office he held until his death. Died at Mount Morris, Livingston County, New York, August 29, 18G6. Hastings) John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1843, and died al Columbus, De cember 29, 1854. Hastings, Samuel Clinton. He was a Representative in Congress, from Iowa, from 1846 to 1847. He was a law yer by profession ; was at one time a Judge of the Supreme Court of Iowa; and, hav ing emigrated to California, practised his profession in San Francisco. Hastings, Seth. He graduated at Harvard University in 1782; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, ,from 1801 to 1807. After his service in Congress, he was elected a State Sena tor iu JttlO and 1814; was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of Sessions ; and died in 18.3.1, aged seventy years, at Mendon, Massachusetts. Hastings, William Soden. llz was frequently a member of the Legisla ture of Massachusetts; in the Senate from .18.29 to 1834; and was a Representa tive iu Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1842. He died at the Sulphur Springs, Virginia, June 17, 1841-;. Hatch, Israel T. He was born in New York; was a member of the Assem bly of that State in 1852 ; and elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com- mitee on the Militia, and as a member of the Committee on Engraving. In 1859 he was appointed, by President" Buchanan, to examine and report upon the working of the Reciprocity Treaty, and a few weeks later was appointed Postmaster at Buf falo. Hathaway, Samuel G. Born in Freetown, Bristol County, Massachusetts, July 18, 1780; received a common-school education ; tried the sea as a sailor, but gave it up ; in 1830 he settled in Chenan- go County, New York ; was for eight years a Justice of the Peace; in 1814 and 1818 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1822 to the State Senate; and was a Representative, from New York, to the Twenty-third Congress. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the " Cincinnati Convention " of 1856 ; was for many years deeply interested in mili tary affairs, and attained the rank of Ma- jor-General of Militia; and, besides hold ing a great variety of local offices, became one of the most extensive laud proprietors and farmers in his county. Hathorn, John. He was a member of the State Senate of New York iu 1787; a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1789 to 1791,' and again from 1795 to 1797 ; and was again elected to the State Senate in 1804. During the latter year he was a Presidential Elector. Hatton, Robert. Born in Sumner County, Tennessee, in 1827 ; graduated at Cambridge University; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1849 ; served in the Tennessee Legislature in 1856 ; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department. He served in the Rebellion of 1861, and was killed at the battle of Fair Oaks, before Richmond, in 1862. Haun, H. P. Born in Scott Coun ty, Kentucky ; read law at the Transylva nia University, of that State, and was ad mitted to the bar iu 1839 ; he was for a time Attorney for his native county ; re moved to Iowa in 1845, and was a member of the Convention which formed the Con stitution of that State iu 1846 ; removed to California in 1850, and was there elect ed a County Judge; aud in 1859 was elected a Senator in Congress, from Cali fornia, for the unexpirecl term of the late Mr. Broderick. He served as a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs and on Territories. Died at Marysville, Cali fornia, May 6, 1860. Haven, Nathaniel A. He was a native of New Hampshire ; graduated at Harvard University in 1779 ; was a mem- BIOGEAPHICAL KECOBDS. 179 ber of Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1811, and died March, 1831, aged sixty-nine years. Haven, Solomon G. He was bora in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1857. Died at Buffalo, New York, De cember 24, 1SG1. Havens, Jonathan N. He gradu ated at Yale College in 1777, and was for nine years a member of the New York Assembly, from Suffolk County, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1795 to 1799, the year of his death. JIawes, Albert G. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1831 to 1837, and died in Davis County, Kentucky, April 14, 1849. Hawes, Aylett. Was a Representa tive in Congress, from Virginia, from 1811 to 1817. He was a physician by pro fession, and died in Culpepper County, Virginia, August 31, 1833. Halves, Richard. He was born in Caroline County, Virginia, February 6, 1797; removed with his family to Ken tucky in 1810; received a good collegiate education; adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Kentucky Legisla ture in 1828, 1829, and 1836 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1837 to 1841. HawJces, James. He was born in Worcester, Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823. HawJcins, Benjamin. Born in Yatfs County, North Carolina, August 15, 1754; was educated at Princeton College; and was an excellent French scholar, which occasioned his becoming a person al friend of Washington, that he might act as interpreter in his intercourse with the French officers of his army. He was with him at the battle of Mon mouth. In 1780 he was chosen Commercial Agent by the Legislature of North Carolina; and from 1781 to 1784, and 1786 to 1787, he was a Delegate in the First Congress; and as a Senator of the United States, under the Constitution, from North Caro lina, he served from 1789 to 1795 ; and, having been appointed, by Washington, Agent for Superintending all the Indians south of the Ohio, he retained that office until his death, having tendered his resig nation, without its being accepted, to each successive President, from 1796 to 1816. He was a man of superior abilities and lofty character, and left behind him some valuable writings on " Topography " and " Indian Character." He was also one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac, and died June 6, 1816. HawJcins, George S. He was born in New York, and, having become a citi zen of Florida, was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, from that State, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and on Naval Affairs ; and he was a mem ber of the Select Committee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866. HawJcins, Isaac R. He was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 16, 1818; served as a Lieutenant in the war with Mexico, and was present at the cap ture of Vera Cruz ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; was elected iu 1862 a Judge, but, on account of the war, was not commissioned ; from 1862 to 18G5 he served as an Officer in the Union Army, and had command of the Seventh Tennes see Cavalry; was captured by Confeder ates in March, 1864, and confined in two different prisons in Macon, Georgia ; and was one of the fifty officers placed under the fire of the Federal guns in Charleston; in 1865, after having been mustered out, he was commissioned Chancellor for the Sixth Division of Tennessee ; and in 1865 he was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Tennessee, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first session, and serving oil the Committees on tho Militia, and the Debts of Loyal States. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Military Affairs. HawJcins, Joseph. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1851. HawJcins, Joseph W. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1814 to 1815. HawJcins, 31. T. He entered public life in 1819, as a member of the House of Commons of North Carolina; was a mem ber of the State Senate from 1823 to 1827; and a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1831 to 1841. He served again in the State Senate in 1846. He was also at one time a General of Militia. Haws, J. H. Hobart.Ue was born in New York, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Hay, Andrew K. He was born in Massachusetts, and, having become a resident of New Jersey, was elected a 180 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. Hayden, Moses. lie was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts; grad uated at Williams College, in 1804; and was a member of the New York State Senate in 1829 and 1830, and a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1827. Died February 14, 1830, aged forty-four years. Hayes, Rutherford B. Born in Delaware, Ohio, October 4, 1822; grad uated at Kenyon College, Ohio, and at the Law School of Cambridge ; adopted the profession of law; was City Solicitor of Cincinnati from 1858 to 1861 ; Major and Lieutenant-Colonel of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteers in 18G1 ; Colonel of the same from 1862 to 1864, when he was ap pointed a Brigadier-General, and during the same year was elected a Represent ative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866, and of the " Soldiers' Convention" held at Pitts- burg ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress; resigned in the summer of 1867, and was soon afterwards elected Governor of Ohio. Hayes, Samuel. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Haymond, Thomas S. He was born in Virginia, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from .1849 to 1851. Hayne, ArtJiur P. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, March 12, 1790; received a good education, and com menced active life in a counting-house. He early formed an attachment for milita ry life, and, on entering the army, ren dered good service during the last war with England, at Sackett's Harbor, as First Lieutenant; on the St. Lawrence, as Major of Cavalry ; in the Creek Nation, as Inspector-General, and also at the storming of Pensacola, and at New Or leans. After the war he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Pennsylvania. During the Florida war he was again called into the field, and had command of the Tennessee Volunteers, and, after re ceiving three brevets, retired from the army in 1820. He subsequently served in the Legislature of South Carolina, and was chosen a Presidential Elector in 1828, voting for Jackson ; and he was appoint ed to a seat in the United States Senate, from South Carolina, in May, 1858, in the place of J. J. Evans. Died iu Charleston, S. C., January 7, 1867. His brother, R. Y. Hayne, was also a Senator in Con gress. Hayne, Robert I 7 ". He was born near Charleston, South Carolina, Novem ber 10, 1791; his early advantages for education were limited; he studied law with Langdon Cheves, and was admitted to the bar before he was twenty-one years of age, attaining a high rank as a lawyer. In the war of 1812 he held the commis sion of Lieutenant. In 1814 he was elect ed to the State Legislature, and in 1818 Speaker, and was also Attorney-General of the State. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1823, and con tinued there until 1832, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Naval Affairs. In 1832, as a member of the " Union and State Rights Convention " of South Car olina, he reported the Ordinance of Nulli fication, and -was soon afterwards elected Governor of the State, serving until 1834. He was subsequently Mayor of Charles ton, and President of the Chai-lestou, Louisville, and Cincinnati Railroad Com pany. He died at Ashville, North Caro lina, September 24, 1839. His abilities were of a high order, and he acquired distinction by his participation in a debate in the Senate with Daniel Webster. Haynes, Charles JE. He was born in Brunswick, Virginia, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1835 to 1839. Hays, L. Samuel. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Hay wood, William H.,J~r. Born in Wake County, North Carolina, in 1801 ; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1819; studied law; entered public life as a member of the House of Commons in 1834, continuing there three years ; in 1836 was Speaker of the House ; and a Senator in Congress from 1843 to 1846. Hazard, Jonathan. He was a Delegate from Rhode Island to the Con tinental Congress in 1787 and 1788. Hazard, Nathaniel. He was born in Newport, Rhode Island; graduated at Brown University in 1792, and was elect ed a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Died De cember 18, 1820, in Washington City. Hazeltine, Altner. He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1829 and 1830, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 181 Jlealy, Joseph. He was born in Cheshire, New Hampshire ; was a Repre- sentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1825 to 1829, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. He was also a State Councillor from 1829 to 1832, and State Senator in 1824. Died at Washington, New Hamp shire, October 10, 1861, 'aged eighty-five years. HeatJi, James P. He was born in Delaware, December, 21, 1777. In 1799 lie was appointed a Lieutenant in the Eegiment of Artillerists and Engineers, which he resigned in 1802; he was Reg ister in Chancery at Annapolis at the commencement of the war of 1812; he served through the whole war as Aide-de camp to General Winder; in 1838 he was wrecked on the steamer Pulaski, and spent five days and nights afloat upon a piece of the wreck ; when nineteen years of age he fought a duel with John Knight, and received a ball which never left him ; and he Avas a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1833 to 1835, serving as a member of the Committee on Com merce. He died in Georgetown, D. C. June 12, 1854. Heath, John. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797. Hebard, William,. lie was born in Connecticut; and, having settled in Ver mont, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. He was also Judge of the Supreme Court from 1842 to 1845 ; Judge of Pro bate for seven years; served seven years in the two houses of the Legislature ; and was two years Attorney for Orange County. Heister, Daniel. Was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1747. He received a good English education, and became a thorough business man. He settled in Montgomery County, where he was active during the Revolution, being Colonel, and afterwards Brigadier-Gener al, of the Militia, and in service. In 1784 he was elected to the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, and in 1787 was appointed a Commissioner of the Connect icut Land Claims. He was a member of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Con gresses from Pennsylvania. After this he removed to Hagerstowu. Maryland, and was elected from that State a member of the Seventh and Eighth Congresses, dur ing his attendance upon which last he died, at Washington, March 8, 1804. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Heister, Daniel. Son of John Heister, succeeded his father in Congress, and was a member of the Eleventh Con gress. Heister, John. Brother of Colonel Daniel Heister, was born April 9. 174G, and was a member of the Tenth Congress from Pennsylvania. Died October 15, 1821. Heister, William. Nephew of John and of Colonel Daniel Heister, was born iu Bern Township, Berks County. He established himself in Lancaster County, where he cultivated a farm, and by his in dustry, honesty, and good sense, recom mended himself to the popular regard. He was a member of the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses, of the Con vention of 1837 to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, and of the State Senate. Died October 15, 1853, aged sixty-two years. Heister , J~osep7i.Was born in Bern Township, Berks County, November 18, 1752, and was brought up to conduct a farm and a store. Inheriting a good for tune, at the outbreak of the Revolution he equipped a company himself, with which he joined the army. He became a Colonel ; was a prisoner in the Jersey prison-ship, where he exercised a liberal generosity ia alleviating the sufferings of his fellow- prisoners. He was a member of the Con vention that framed the State Constitution of 1776. He served five years in the House and four in the Senate of Pennsylvania, and as a member of the " State Constitu tional Convention" of 1790. He was a member from Pennsylvania of the Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Con gresses. In 1807 he was appointed one of the two Major-Generals to command the Pennsylvania contingent, called for by the President. After this he retired from public life, but in 1814 his old constituency of Berks would again have him in Con gress, and elected him for the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth terms. In 1817 he was run for Governor unsuccessfully, but three years afterwards was elected, and served in that office until 1823, with great credit for a wise and honest admin istration of public affairs. Declining all solicitations to the contrary, he now, finally, retired from office, and spent the serene evening of an honorable life iu thu midst of the people who loved him. He died at Reading on the 10th of June, 1832. HelmicJt, William. Born in Jef ferson County, Ohio, September 6, 1817; received a common-school education, and taught school for seven years; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; in 1851 he was elected a Prosecuting At torney ; and in 1858 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads, 182 BIOGRAPHICAL ItECOKDS. lie subsequently accepted a chief clerkship in the Interior Department. Helms, William. Re was an officer in the Revolutionary army ; a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1801 to 1811 ; and, removing to Tennessee, died there at an advanced age. Hemphill, John. lie was a Senator in Congress, from Texas, from 1859 until that State seceded, when he became iden tified with the great Rebellion. Expelled from the Senate July 10, 1861. Hemphill, Joseph. He was born in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, and was a leading member of the old Federal party ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1803, again from 1819 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1831. He distinguished himself particularly by a speech on the Judiciary Bill in 1801 ; and was for some time Judge of the District Court of Philadelphia. He died in Phila delphia, May 29, 1842, aged seventy-two years. Hempstead, Edward. He was born in New London, Connecticut, June 3, 1780; received a classical education from private tutors, and, having studied law was admitted to the bar in 1801 . After spending three years in Rhode Island prac tising his profession, he removed, in 1804, to the Territory of Louisiana, travelling on horseback, and tarrying for a time at Vincennes, Indiana Territory. He first settled at St. Charles, on the Missouri River, but in 1805 he removed to St. Louis, where he resided the balance of his life. In 1806 he was appointed Deputy Attor ney-General for the District of St. Louis and St. Charles, and in 1S09 Attorney- General for the Territory of Upper Louis iana, which office he held until 1811; and lie was the first Delegate to Congress from the western side of the Mississippi River, representing Missouri Territory from 1811 to 1814. After his service in Congress, he went upon several expeditious against the Indians ; was elected to the Territori al Assembly, and chosen Speaker ; and he died August 10, 1817. He was a man of ability, pure, and without reproach, and his loss was deeply lamented by all who knew him. Hemsley, William. He was a Del egate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1784. Henderson, ArcJiibald.TSom in Granville County, North Carolina, August 7, 17G8, and died October 21, 1822. He was educated in his native county, studied law, and rose to a high position at the bar of his State. He was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1799 to 1803 ; and subsequently elected to the General Assembly for several terms. His learning was extensive, and his character as a man above reproach. Henderson, Bennett H. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1815 to 1817. Henderson, John. He was a law yer by profession; a General of Militia in Mississippi ; a Senator in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1839 to 1845 ; and dur ing the latter part of his life practised his profession in Louisiana. After his service in Congress, he was engaged in an unlaw ful expedition against Cuba, for which he was tried, but acquitted by a New Orleans jury. He died at Pass Christian, in 1857, aged sixty-two years. Henderson, John B. Was born in Virginia, November 16, 1826 ; in 1836 re moved with his parents to Missouri ; spent a part of his boyhood on a farm. While obtaining an academical education, he taught school for his support ; studied la\v, and came to the bar in 1848, and was soon afterwards elected to the State Legisla ture; re-elected in 1856; and in the same year chosen a Presidential Elector. He was a Delegate to the Charleston Con vention in 1860 ; had command for a time of a Brigade of Militia. On the expul sion of Trusten Polk from the United States Senate, he was appointed to lill the vacancy, and in 1863 was elected for the full term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and those on the District of Colum bia, Finance, Expenses of the Senate, Foreign Relations, and Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Af fairs. He was also a Commissioner to treat with the hostile tribes of Indians in 1867. Henderson, John H. Z>. He was boru in Salem, Livingston County, Ken tucky, July 23, 1810; received a good English education ; commenced active life by adopting the trade of a printer; was subsequently a preacher of the Gospel, and for several years was devoted to agri cultural pursuits. In 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Oregon to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, Mines and Mining, Indian Affairs, and the Spe cial Committee on the Death of President Lincoln. Henderson, Joseph. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Henderson, J. PincTcney. Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, March 31, 1808. He received a liberal education, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 183 but did not graduate, and adopted the law as a profession, first visiting Cuba for his health, and settling in Mississippi. He emigrated to Texas in 1836, and his first civil office was that of Attorney-General of the Republic of Texas, having been ap pointed by President Houston in 1836 ; in 1837 he was appointed Secretary of State of the Republic ; soon afterwards Minister Plenipotentiary to England and Franco, clothed with the additional powers of Com missioner to solicit the recognition of the independence of Texas; in 1838 he made a commercial arrangement with England, and in 1839 a commercial treaty with France ; in 1844 he was appointed a Spe cial Minister to the United States, which mission resulted in the annexation of Texas; in 1845 he was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the State of Texas ; in November of the same year, was elected Governor of the State; and when the Mexican war broke out, in 1846, as Governor of the State, and, by permission of the Legisla ture, he took command in person of the volunteer troops called for by General Tay lor, served six months as Major-General, and distinguished himself at the battle of Monterey, subsequently receiving from Congress, for his services, a vote of thanks and a sword valued at fifteen hundred dol lars. He was elected a Senator in Con gress, in 1857, from Texas, but, owing to ill health, did not take an active part in its proceedings, and he died in Washing ton City, June 4, 1858, deeply lamented by all who knew him. Henderson, Samuel. He was a Eepresentative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1814 to 1815, for the unex- pired term of Jonathan Roberts. Henderson, Thomas. He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1761 ; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1779 to 1780; a Representative of New Jersey in Congress, under the Con stitution, from 1795 to 1797 ; and was once Lieutenant-Governor of that State. HendricJcs, Thomas A.. He was born in Muskiugum County, Ohio, Sep tember 7, 1819: was educated at South Hanover College ; studied law, and com pleted his legal studies at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, in 1843; settled in Indiana, and practised his profession with success. In 1848 he was chosen to the State Legis lature, and declined a re-election ; was an active member of the Indiana " Constitu tional Convention " of 1850 ;' and was a Eepresentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1851 to 1855; he was appointed by President Pierce, in 1855, Commissioner of the General Land Office, in which he was continued by President Buchanan un til 1859, when he resigned. He was sub sequently elected a Senator in Congress for the long term, commencing in 1863 and ending in 1869, serving on the Com mittees on Claims, Public Buildings and Grounds, the Judiciary, Public Lands, and Naval Affairs. HendricJcs, William. Born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1783. He was one of the early settlers of Madison, Indiana, having removed there in 1814. During his residence in that State he filled many high and important offices ; he was Secretary of the Conven tion which formed the present Constitu tion of the State; the first and sole repre sentative of Indiana in Congress from 1816 to 1822; Governor of the State from 1822 to 1825, when he was elected a mem ber of the United States Senate, and served until 1837. He was Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals. He died in Madison, May 16, 1850. Henley, Thomas J.~ He was born in Indiana in 1810; was educated at the Indiana State College, and pursued the occupation of a farmer ; he was a member of the State Legislature from 1832 to 1842; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Indiana, from 1843 to 1849, having been the first native of that State elected to that office. In 1849 he emi grated to California, and was a member of the first Legislature of that State ; he was for seven years Superintendent of Indian Affairs for California, and was subse quently appointed Postmaster of San Francisco. Henn, Hernhart. He was born in New York, and, on emigrating to Iowa, he was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Henri/, James. He was a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Con gress, from 1780 to 1781. Henry, John. He was a graduate of Princeton College, in 1769; was for several years, from 1778, a Delegate to the Old Congress ; a Senator in Congress, under the Constitution, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1797, when he resigned, and was elected Governor of Maryland in the latter year. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He died at Easton, De cember, 1798. Henry, John F. He was the brother of Robert P. Henry, and was elected to Congress, from Kentucky, for the unexpired term of the same, from 1826 to 1827. He was born in Scott County, Kentucky, January 17, 1793; re ceived his education at the Georgetown Academy, of Kentucky; studied medicine, and in 1813 was appointed Surgeon's Mata 184 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. inBoswell's Regiment of Kentucky troops, serving at Fort Meigs. Subsequently graduated at the New York University; settled in Hopkinsvillc, Kentucky, in 1822; and subsequently to his service ill Congress removed to Burlington, Iowa. Henry, Patrick. Horn in Studley, Hanover County, Virginia, May 29, 1736 ; liis education was neglected until he had reached the age of manhood, and was a husband and father; then it was that he began to study law, and was soon admit ted to practice; in 17G4 he made his first striking effort as an advocate and an ora tor, and from that 3 r ear became famous. He was the first man of mark in Virginia to declare against the usurpations of Brit ain. In 1765 he was chosen to the Vir ginia Assembly, and there introduced a set of remarkable resolutions, supporting them with a speech of surpassing ability ; and from that time he was hailed as the great advocate of human rights and ra tional liberty. He was elected a Delegate from Virginia, to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1776; there distin guished himself as an orator; and signed the Declaration of Independence. He was a Delegate to the " Richmond Conven tion " of 1777, and again electrified the peo ple by his eloquence; in 1776 he was elected Governor of Virginia, re-elected, and then declined a re-election; from 1780 to 1791 he served in the Assembly of the State ; was a member in 1788 of the Con vention to ratify the Federal Constitution, to which he was opposed; in 1795, Wash ington tendered to him the office of Sec retary of State, but he preferred the retirement of home and declined it; was again elected Governor in 1796, but de clined to serve; in 1799 President Adams ofl'ered him the mission to France, but his declining health compelled him to decline that honor also; and on the sixth of June, of that year, he died. Evidences of his splendid intellect are abundant and "fa miliar as household words," and a tribute that he paid to the Christian religion, in his will, is, for beauty and force, without a parallel in the English language. Henri/, "Robert P. Born in Scott County, Kentucky, November 24, 1788 ; graduated at the University of Transyl vania; studied law with Henry Clay, and was admitted to the bar in 1809 ; served that year as Prosecuting Attorney for his district; served in the war of 1812, as an Aicle-cle-camptohis father, Major-General William Henry; subsequently settled in Christian County, and became Prosecut ing Attorney for that circuit ; was a Di rector of the Princeton Branch of the Commonwealth Bank ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, for the term from 1823 to 1827. As a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals, he obtained the first appropriation ever granted for. impi'oving the Missis sippi River. While in Congress he re ceived the appointment of Judge of the Court of Appeals, which he declined; and he died of fever, August 25, 1826, before the expiration of his term in Congress. Henry, Thomas. Born in Ireland, in 1785. He served his adopted State, Pennsylvania, in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. Died in Beaver County, Pennsyl vania, February 27, 1849. Henri/, William. He was a Dele gate from Pennsylvania, to the Continen tal Congress, from 1784 to 1786. Henry, William. He was born in New Hampshire, and, having settled in Vermont, devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. Was for many years Cashier of the Bank of Bellows Falls, where he re sides; was elected a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1847 to 1853, accomplishing much work as a mem ber of several committees. Herbert, John C. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1815 to 1819. Herbert, Philip T. -Born in Alaba ma, and was a Representative in Congress, from California, from 1855 to 1857. HerJcimer, t/b/w. Born in Herki- mer County, New York, in 1773 ; was for many years a Judge of the Circuit Court ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Danube, New York, June 8, 1845. Hernandez, Joseph M. He was one of the prominent Spanish citizens who remained in the Territory of Florida at the time of its transfer to the United States. He was the first Delegate to Congress, from Florida, and subsequently a leading member and presiding officer of the Ter ritorial Legislature. At the breaking out of the Indian hostilities, he was made a Brigadier-General in the United States ser vice. He was a man of refined and elegant manners ; resided at St. Augustine ; and died near Matanzas, Cuba, June 8, 1857, at an advanced age. Herod, William. He was a Repre sentative in Congress from Indiana, from 1837 to 1839. HerricJc, Anson. He was born in Lewiston, Maine, January 21, 1812; re ceived a common-school education ; at the age of fifteen years he was apprenticed to the business of a printer; settled in New York City in 1836, and continued in the same employment until 183S, when he commenced the publication of a weekly BIOGBAPHICAL BECOKDS. 185 journal now called the "New York Atlas," of which he has since been the editor and proprietor. In 1853 he was chosen one of the aldermen of the city, and served three years, and by President Buchanan he was appointed Naval Storekeeper for New York, which he held until 1861. In 18G2 he was elected Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolu tionary Pensions, and Expenditures in the Navy Department. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 18G6; and died in New York, February 5, 1868. Eben- ezer Herrick, who served in Congress from 1821 to 1827, was his father. HerricJc, Ebenezer. He was born in Lincoln Count}', Maine, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1821 to 1827, and died at Lewiston in that State, May 7, 1839. In 1820 he held the office of Secretary of the State Senate, and was a State Senator in 1828 and 1829. re, Joshua. He was born in Beverly. Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1794; received a common-school educa tion ; removed to Maine, and became a Sheriff in that State ; was Deputy Col lector of the port of Kennebunk from 1829 to 1841 ; was Chairman of a Board of County Commissioners from 1842 to 1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1843 to 1845, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs and Ac counts. He was again Deputy Collector of Kennebunk from 1847 to 1849 ; and from 1850 to 1854, and in 1856 he was Register of Probate for York County, State of Maine. Herriclc, Richard JP. Born in Reusselaer County, New York, in 1791 ; was a man of remarkable business enter prise ; and a member of Congress, from New York, from 1845 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, June 22, 1846. HerricJc, Sa muel. He was born in Duchess County, New York, April 14, 1779. He read law at Carlisle, Pennsyl vania, and was admitted to the bar in 1805 ; in 1810 he settled at Zanesville, Ohio, and was appointed Collector of Taxes for that County; soon afterwards Prosecuting At torney for the same county ; and soon af ter that, by President Madison, was ap pointed United States District Attorney for Ohio ; in 1812 he was appointed one of a Board of Commissioners for settling the North-western boundary line ; in the autumn of that year, he succeeded Lewis Cass as Prosecuting Attorney for Mus- kingham County; in 1814 he was appoint ed to the same office in Licking County ; and he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio, from 1817 to 1821. After his second election his seat was contested by Charles Hammond, but the House sus tained his claim. He was a Presidential Elector in 1828, and in 1829 was appointed, by President Jackson, United States Dis trict Attorney for Ohio. The remainder of his life was spent in retirement, and he died in December. 1851. Hewcs, J~osep7i, He was born near Kingston, New Jersey, in 1730; was edu cated at the Princeton School ; settled in Philadelphia as a merchant; when thirty years of age located at Edcnton, North Carolina ; served in the Assembly of the Province; was a delegate from North Carolina to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and again in 1779, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; and he was de facto the first Secretary of the Navy. Died in Philadelphia, November 10, 1779. Heyward, Thomas. Born in Par ish of St. Luke, South Carolina, in 174G; received a classical education, and stud ied law; finishing his legal studies at the Temple, in London; on his return from a tour in Europe he was elected to the As sembly in North Carolina ; he was a Del egate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1798, and signed the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Con federation ; was subsequently a Judge of the Civil and Criminal Courts of the State ; he commanded a company of artil lery at the battle of Beaufort, and was wounded; served also at Savannah and Charleston; at the latter place lie was taken prisoner, and while confined at St. Augustine his property was pillaged, and his wife died; and he was subsequently a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution of South Carolina in 1790; and he died in March, 1809. Heyward, William, Jr. Tie grad uated 'at Princeton College in 1808 ; and was a Representative in Congress from Maryland, from 1823 to 1825. Hibbard, Harry. He was born in Vermont; graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1835; was Assistant Clerk of the New Hampshire House of Representa tives in 1839 ; Clerk of the same from 1840 to 1843 ; Speaker of the House in 1844 and 1845; in the State Senate from 1846 to 1849, officiating two years as Presi dent; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, from 1849 to 1855. Hibshman, Jacob. He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. HicJcman, John. Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, near the Brandy- 186 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. wine battle-ground, Septembir 11, 1810; received a thorough mathematical and classical education ; commenced the study of medicine ; but, finding his health too feeble for the dissecting-room, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1833. In 1845 he was appointed District Attor ney for Chester County, holding the office fifteen months ; in 1854: he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-fourth Congress, serving on the Committee 'on Elections ; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions ; to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Com mittee; and to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, again serving as Chairman of the Judiciary Committee. He declined a re election to the Thirtj'-eSghth Congress, but was subsequently a member of the Penn sylvania Legislature. Sicks, Thomas Holly day. He was born in Dorchester County, Mary land, September 2, 1708 ; received a plain English education ; worked on his father's farm when a boy ; served for a time as Constable and Sheriff of his county, and subsequently devoted himself to mercan tile pursuits. In 1836 he was elected to the Electoral College of the State; was also a member of the Governor's Council; in 1833 was appointed Register of Wills ; was a member of the " State Constitution al Convention " of 1849 ; frequently served in the Legislature of the State; was Gov ernor thereof, from 1858 to 1862 ; and was appointed a Senator in Congress in the place of James A. Pearce, deceased, tak- his seat during the third session of the Thirty-seventh Congress, and was elected for the term ending .in 1SG7, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs, and that on Claims. He died in Washington City, February 13, 1865, and will ever be re membered as a true patriot for his firm ness during the earlier troubles of the Rebellion. Hiester, Isaac Ellmalcer. He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsyl vania; received a good classical educa tion; graduated with honors at Yale Col lege, and studied law. He was a member of the Thirty-third Congress, in which he expressed opinions upon the slavery ques tion not in harmony with those of his constituency. At the next election he was defeated, and resumed the practice of law with distinguished success. He was the son of William Heister, M. C., but changed the spelling of his name. Higby, William. Was born in Essex County, New York, August 18, 1813 ; spent his boyhood on a farm, and subsequently engaged in the lumber and iron business; graduated at the Univer sity of Vermont in 1840 ; adopted the pro fession of law, which he practised in his native county until 1850; during that year he emigrated to California, and was Dis trict Attorney of Calaveras County, from 1853 to 1859 ; in 1862 he was a member of the State Senate ; and in 18G3 was elected a Representative, from California, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and Expen ditures in the Navy Department; re-elect ed to the Thirty-ninth Congress. He was also a member of the Special Committee to visit the Indian tribes of the West in 1865, and of the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln and Appropriations. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Com mittee on Mines and Mining. Higginson, Stejthen.llQ was a Delegate, from Massachusetts, to the Continental Congress, in 1782 and 1783. Hill, Clement S. Born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Hill, Hugh L. IF.- Born in Ten nessee, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Hill, Isaac. Born in Somervillc, Massachusetts, April 7, 1788. In 1798 his parents removed to a farm in Ashburnham, Massachusetts ; his education was exceed ingly limited, and at the age of fourteen he was apprenticed in a printing-office, and in 1809, at the expiration of his ap prenticeship, he went to Concord, New Hampshire and purchased the "American Patriot," which was afterwards issued as "The New Hampshire Patriot," and be came a paper of immense circulation and influence during the twenty years of his editorship. During that time he was twice chosen Clerk of the State Senate ; was once a Representative in the Legisla ture, and was elected a member of the State Senate in 1820, 1821, 1822, and 1827. In 1828 he was a candidate for the United States Senate, but not elected. In 1829 lie was appointed, by President Jackson, Second Comptroller of the Treasury, and held the office until April, 1830. He re turned to New Hampshire, and was elect ed by the Legislature United States Sen ator for six years, from 1831. In 183G he resigned his senatorship, being elected Governor of New Hampshire and re- elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1840, he was appointed, by President Van Burcn, Sub-Treasurer at Boston, and in that year established, in connection with his two oldest sons, "Hill's New Hampshire Pat riot," which they published and edited until 1847, when that paper was united with the "Patriot." He also published BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 187 the "Farmers' Monthly Visitor," an agri cultural paper, for ten years ; and during the last lifteen years of his life devoted much attention to agriculture. lie died in Washington, District of Columbia, March 22, 1851. Hill, John. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Hill, John. Born in Stokes County, North Carolina; served many years in the Legislature of the State; was a Represent ative in Congress, from 1839 to 18-41, and in 1850 held the position of Reading Clerk in the State Senate. Hill, John. He was born in Catskill, New York, in 1821 ; received a common- school education ; was for seven years a clerk and book-keeper in his native place; removed to Boontou, Morris County, New Jersey, and pursued the same business for three years, and subsequently devoted himself to mercantile pursuits. He held, for many years, a number of local and town offices, and in I860 he was elected to the State Legislature ; and, on being twice re- elected, was made Speaker of the Assem bly; took an active part in raising troops during the Rebellion ; has been foremost among his neighbors in promoting the moral and social welfare of his fellow-cit izens ; and in 1866 he was elected a Rep resentative, from New Jersey, to the For tieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office, and Weights and Meas ures. Hill, Joshua. Born in Abbeville District, South Carolina, January 10, 1812 ; he had not a collegiate education, but studied law as a profession. He was elect ed a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Georgia, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Allah's. Withdrew in February, 1861, and returned to Georgia. He did not take an active part in the Rebellion ; and in 1866 he was appointed by President Johnson Collector for the port of Savannah ; and in 1867 he was appointed a Visitor to the West Point Academy. Hill, UfarJc L. He was born in Bid- cleford, Maine, June 30, 1772. From the year 1792, to the close of his life, he had been almost constantly in the exercise of some public enjoyment, either by popu lar election or executive appointment. Though denied the advantages of a liberal education, he succeeded, by assiduous self- culture, in making himself useful to his country and gaining honor to himself in the various posts of high responsibility to which he was successive!}" elevated. He was, at various periods, a member of the Senate and House of Representatives of Massachusetts, a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, member of Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1819 to 1821, and from Maine, from 1821 to 1823 ; Postmas ter at Phippsburg, Maine, Collector of the port at Bath, and held several other town and county offices. He was one of the Overseers of Bowdoin College from the first until 1821, when he became a Trustee, in which office he continued till his decease, and, during the whole period of forty-nine years, regularly attended every meeting except one. He died at Phippsburg, Maine, November 26, 1842, iu the seventy-first year of his age. Hill, Ralph* Born in Johnson, Trumbull Coun. -'. Ohio, October 12, 1827. After receiving an academical education, he studied law at the New York State and National Law School, and received the degree of LL.D. in 1851, and, on removing to Indiana, he was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-ninth Congress; serving on the Committees on Territories, and on Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Hill, TJiomas. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was Representative iu Congress, from that State, from 1824 to 1826. Hill, WJiitmill.IlQ was a Delegate from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1778 to 1781. Hill, William If, He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1799 to 1803, and he was also appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Carolina. He died in 1809. Hillen, Solomon, Jr. He was born Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Hillhouse, James. He was born at Montvilie, Connecticut, October 21, 1754; graduated at Yale College in 1773; after clue preparation, entered upon the prac tice of law; took an active part in the Revolutionary struggle, and when New Haven was invaded by the British, was Commander of the Governor's Guards. He became a Representative in Congress, in 1791, and three years afterwards he was chosen a Senator of the United States, from Connecticut, and continued a distin guished member for sixteen years ; and iu the Sixth Congress was President pro tern. of the Senate. In 1810 he resigned his seat in the Senate, and took the office of Commissioner of the School Fund of Con necticut, which he managed with great ability and fidelity for fifteen years. He was also a Delegate to the " Hartford Con- 188 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS* vention" of 1814; and in 1825 he under took to conduct the construction of the Farmington and Hampshire Canal. He was chosen Treasurer of Yale College, in 1782, and continued to hold the office until his death, having done much to promote the interests of that institution. He died at New Haven, December 29, 1832. Hillhouse, William. He was a Delegate from Connecticut, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1783 to 1786. Hilliard, Henry IF. He was born in North Carolina, and spent his boyhood in South Carolina, at the College of which State he graduated. He studied law, and settled in Georgia, but in 1836 became a citizen of Alabama, occupying for several years a professorship in the University of that State. In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1840 a Presiden tial Elector. In 1842 he was appointed, by President Tyler, Minister to Belgium ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1843 to 1851. He was also a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu tion, and devoted some attention to the pursuits of literature. A volume of his speeches was published in 1855. Hillyer, J'unius.He was born in Wilkes County, Georgia, April 23, 1807; graduated at the State University at Athens in 1828; having studied his profes sion while in college, he was admitted to the bar within one week after graduating; in 1834 he was elected by the Legislature Solicitor-General for the Western District of the State; and he was a Representative in Congress from Georgia, from 1851 to 1855, during his second term serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Land Claims. In 1857 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Solicitor of the United States Treasury. Hindman, Thomas C. He was born in Tennessee in 1818 ; served in the Mexican war as a Second Lieutenant of Mississippi Volunteers ; and was a Repre sentative, from Arkansas, to the Thirty- sixth Congress; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh, but when the Rebellion broke out he entered the Confederate ser vice, and was at once made a Brigadier- General, and subsequently a Major-Gen- eral. Was living in Texas in 1865. Hindman, William. He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Conti nental Congress ; a Representative in Con gress, from 1792 to 1799 ; and a Senator in Congress during the years 1800 and 1801. He died January 26, 1822. Hinds, Thomas. Born about the year 1775 ; was a distinguished officer in the battle of New Orleans ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1828 to 1831. He died in Jefferson County, Mississippi, August 23, 1840. Hines, Richard. He was born in North Cai'oliua, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827. Hise, Elijah. He was born in Ken tucky ; appointed in 1848 Charge d'Affaires to Guatemala; was a Presidential Elector in 1856; and in 1866 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, for the unexpired term of H. Grider, deceased, serving on the Com mittee on Reconstruction. He was re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, but died by suicide at Russelville, Kentucky, May 8, 1867. In personal appearance he bore a remarkable resemblance to John C. Cal- lioun, of whom he was a warm admirer. HitchcocJc, Peter. Born in Chesh ire, Connecticut, October 19, 1780; and graduated at Yale College in 1801. He was admitted to the bar in 1804, and com menced the practice of law in his native town. In 1806 he removed to Geauga County, Ohio, and in 1810 he was elected to the General Assembly of that State; from 1812 to 1816 he was a member of the State Senate, and President of that body one session. He was a Representative in. Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and then chosen Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio for seven years ; was re-elected to the same office in 1826, and retired from the bench in 1852, after a judicial service of twenty-eight years ; having been for a portion of that time Chief Justice. From 1833 to 1835 he was again a member of the State Senate, and once again President. In 1850 he was a Delegate to the " Consti tutional Convention" of the State. He died in Painesville, Ohio, May 11, 1853. Hitchcock, Phineas W. He was born in New Lebanon, New York, Novem ber 30,1831 ; graduated atWilliams College, Massachusetts, in 1855 ; studied law, and, after being admitted to the bar, emigrated to Nebraska Territory, and settled in the practice of his profession at Omaha in 1857. In 1861 he was appointed, by Pres ident Lincoln, Marshal of the Territory, which office he held until his election, from Nebraska, as Delegate to the Thirty- ninth Congress. He was a member of the National Committee appointed to accom pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. In March, 1867, he was appointed Surveyor-Gereral of Nebraska. Hoagland, Mose<*. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Hoar, Samuel. Born in Lincoln, Massachusetts, May 18, 1788. He gradu ated at Cambridge in 1802, and was for BIOaBAPHICAL RECOEDS. 189 two years thereafter a private tutor in Virginia. He studied law with Artemas Ward, and was admitted to the bar in 1805, and opened an office in Concord. He soon attained high rank, and was for forty years one of the most eminent and suc cessful practitioners in Middlesex County, as well as in the whole State. He was a member of the Convention for revising the State Constitution in 1S20; State Sen ator in 1825 and 1833 ; member of the Ex ecutive Council iii 1845 and 184G; State Representative in 1850; and a Represent ative in Congress, from 1835 to 1837. In 1844 he was appointed by the Legislature of Massachusetts to proceed to South Car olina and aid the colored citizens of Mas sachusetts, imprisoned by the authorities of South Carolina, by testing, in the Courts of the United States, the constitutionality of the acts of South Carolina authorizing the imprisonment of colored persons who should enter that State. His appearance in Charleston caused great excitement, and he was expelled from that city by its citizens, December 5, 1844. the Legislature having passed resolutions on that day au thorizing the Governor to expel him. He \vas a member of various religious and charitable societies ; of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the Massachusetts Historical Societ3 r ; and, at the time of his death, one of the Overseers of Harvard College, the degree of Doctor of Laws having, in 1838, been conferred upon him by that institution. He died in Concord, Massachusetts, November 2, 1850. Hoard, Charles B. "Born in Spring field, Vermont, June 28, 1805; he was a mechanic, and for several years in early life a clerk in a private land office at Ant werp, New York. He was Postmaster under Presidents Jackson and VanBureu ; Justice of the Peace for several years ; a member of the Legislature of New York in 1838, and County Clerk of Jefferson County, New York, in 1844, 1845, and 184C. He has been an active politician, and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Hobart, Aaron. He was born in Abington, Plymouth County, Massachu setts, June 26, 1787 ; graduated at Brown University in 1805 ; adopted the profession of law ; served in the State Senate ; as a State Councillor ; was Judge of Probate ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1821 to 1827. Died at East Bridgewater, September It), 1858. Hobart, John Sloss.Ue graduated at Yale College in 1757 ; was Judge of the District Court of New York, and held several important positions in that State during the Revolutionary war ; after which he was appointed one of the three Judges of the Supreme Court. He was appointed a member of the United States Senate for the term commencing January, 1798, in the place of P. Schuyler, but resigned May 5, not having taken his seat, and was then appointed Judge of the United States District Court of New York. He died February 4, 1805, aged sixty-six. Hobble, Selah JR. Born in New- berg, New York, March 10, 1797, and at an early day established himself at Delhi, Delaware County, in the practice of law, where he was soon appoiut3d District Attorney and Brigade Major and Inspect or. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1823, when, on the accession of General Jackson to the Presidency, he was appointed Assist ant Postmaster-General, which he held until 1850, when he retired on account of ill health, but assumed the duties of the office under President Pierce. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, March 23, 1854. He was the son-in-law, and at one time the law partner, of Erastus Root. Hodges, Charles Z>. He was elect ed a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, and took his seat during the second session of the Thirty-fifth Con gress. Hodges, George T. He was born in Clarendon, Vermont, July 4, 1789; he was bred to active business, and was a merchant in Rutland for many years ; served frequently in both Houses of the State Legislature; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Vermont, during the third session of the Thirty-fourth Congress. For more than a quarter of a century he was President of the Bank of Rutland ; was a large contributor to the success of the Burlington Railroad, and a warm supporter of the Vermont Agricul tural Society. Died at Rutland, September 9, 1860. Hodges, James L. He was a State Senator in 1823 and 1824, and a Represent ative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1827 to 1831. He died March 8, 1846, aged fifty-six years. Hoffman, Henry IT. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. He was subsequently elected Ser- geant-at-aims in the House of Represent atives, and in 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Collector of the port of Baltimore. Hoffman, Michael. Born in the town of Clifton Park, Saratoga County, 190 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. New York, in 1788. He was educated as a physician, but afterwards studied law, and settled in Hcrkimer County, where he occupied a high position. He was elected to Congress in 1824, and continued a member for eight years, serving a portion of the time as Chairman of the Commit tee on Naval Affairs. He was appointed a Canal Commissioner for the State of New York, wrote several able reports, and resigned the office in 1835. In 1841 he went into the House of Assembly from Herkimer County, and accomplished much good for the service and credit of his State. He was also a Delegate to the " Constitutional Convention" of 1846, and was Naval Officer in the City of New York ; Le was a powerful and effective debater, and, as a man, unselfish and of high char acter. He died at Brooklyn, September 27, 1848. Hoffman, Ogden. He was born in New York City in 171)4, and graduated at Columbia College in 1812; he soon after entered the navy as a midshipman, but in three years he resigned, and studied law. He commenced to practise in Orange County, and was appointed District At torney, but removed to New York City in 1826, and was a partner of Hugh Maxwell, and became eminently successful in his profession. In 1828 he was a Representa tive in the Legislature; from 1829 to 1835 was District Attorney; and was appointed United States District Attorney by Presi dent Harrison. From 1837 to 1841 he was a Representative in Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs; he was re-elected in 1848, and in 1854 was appointed Attorney-General of the State. He was remarkable for his eloquence and learning, and for more than a quarter of a century occupied a high position at the bar of New York. He died in that city, May 1, 1856. Hogan, John. Born in Mallow, County of Cork, Ireland, January 2, 1805 ; emigrated to Baltimore, Maryland, with his father in 1817. In that city he was apprenticed to the trade of a shoemaker, and during his term of service did what lie could to obtain an education, and was an attendant at the Asbnry Sunday School. In 1826 he emigrated to the West; in 1831 opened a store in Madison County, Illinois ; in 1836 was elected to the State Legisla ture ; in 1838 he was elected by the Legis lature Commissioner of the Board of Public Works ; re-elected and made President of the Board; in 1841 he was appointed by President Harrison Register of the Land Office at Dixon, Illinois, where he re mained until 1845 ; soon afterwards settled in St. Louis, Missouri, resuming the mercantile business ; became engaged in insurance companies ; organized and was President of a savings institution and a bank; in 1857 was appointed by Presi dent Buchanan Postmaster of St. Louis, serving his whole term; and in 18 he was appointed Judge of the Supremo Court of Delaware, lie was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1SG1. Houston, Sam. Born inRockbridge County, Virginia, March 2, 1793. He lost his father when quite young, and his mother removed with her family to the banks of the Tennessee, at that time the limit of civilization. Here he received but a scanty education ; he passed several years among the Cherokee Indians, and, in fact, through all his life, he seems to have held opinions with Rousseau, and retained a predilection for life in the wil derness. After having served for a time as clerk to a country trader, and kept a school, in 1813 he enlisted in the arm}-, and served under General Jackson, in the war with the Creek Indians. He distin guished himself on several occasions, and at the conclusion of the war he had risen to the rank of Lieutenant, but soon re signed his commission, and commenced the study of law at Nashville. It was about this time that ho began his political life. After holding several minor offices in Tennessee, he was, in 1823, elected to Congress, and continued a member of that body until, in 1827, he became Gov ernor of Tennessee. In 1829, before the expiration of his gubernatorial term, he resigned his office, and went to take up his abode among the Cherokees in Arkan sas. During his residence among the Indians, he became acquainted with the frauds practised upon them by the Gov ernment agents, and undertook a mission to Washington for the purpose of expos ing them. In the execution of this proj ect, he met with but little success; he became involved in lawsuits, and returned to his Indian friends. During a visit to Texas he was requested to allow his name to be used in the canvass for a Con vention which was to meet to form a Constitution for Texas, prior to its ad mission into the Mexican Union. He con sented, and was unanimously elected. The Constitution drawn up by the Con vention was rejected by Santa Anna, at that time in power, and the disaffection of the Texans, caused thereby, was still further heightened by a demand upon them to give up their arms. They deter mined upon a resistance ; a Militia was or ganized, and Austin, the founder of the col ony, was elected Commander-in-Chief, in which office he was shortly after succeeded by General Houston. He conducted the war with vigor, andlinally brought it to a successful termination by the battle of San Jacinto, which was fought in April, 1836. In May, 183G, he signed a treaty 19G BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. acknowledging the independence of Tex as, and in October of the same year he was inaugurated the first President of the Republic. At the end of his term of office, as the same person could not constitu tionally be elected President twice in suc cession, he became a member of the Texas Congress. In 1841, however, he was again elevated to the Presidential chair. During the whole time that he held that office, it was his favorite policy lo effect the annexation of Texas to the United States ; but he retired from office before he saw the consummation of his wishes. In 1846 Texas became one of the States of the Union, and General Houston was elected to the Senate, of which body lie remained a member until 1859, the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. In 1859 he was elected Governor of Texas. In a letter that he addressed to the compiler of this volume, he said, in his characteris tic manner, that he " had risen from a Sergeant up to President of a Republic, and down to a Senator of the United States Senate." Died in Huntersville, Texas, July 25, 1803. His name was Sam, not Samuel as generally printed. Houston, William. He was a Del egate from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1784 to "1787, and was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, but did not sign the instrument. Houston, William C. He grad uated at Princeton College in 17G8; was a Professor of Mathematics in the same; and a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Congress, from 1779 to 1782, and again in 1784 and 1785. Died in 1788. Hoivard, Benjamin. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1807 to 1810, when he was appointed Governor of Indiana Territory. He was appointed Brigadier-General in the United States Army in 1813 ; and was once Governor of Missouri Territory. He died at St. Louis, Missouri, September 18, 1814. Howard Benjamin C. He was born in Maryland ; graduated at Princeton College in 1809 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1839. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace Con gress "of 1861. Howard Jacob M. He was born in Shal'tsbury, Vermont, July 10, 1805 ; was educated at the Academies of Beunington and Brattleborough, and at Williams' Col lege, where he graduated in 1830; studied law, and taught in an academy in Massa chusetts for a time ; removed to Michigan in 1832, and came to the bar of that Ter ritory in 1833 ; in 183S he was a member of the Legislature of the State ; from 1841 to 1843 he was a Representative in Con gress from Michigan; in 1854 he was elected Attorney-General of the State, twice re-elected, and serving in all six years ; and in 18G2 he was elected a Sen ator in Congress, in the place of K. S. Bingham, deceased, for the term ending in 1865, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on the Pacific Railroad, and as a member of the Committees on Military Affairs, the Judiciary, and Private Land Claims. He was re-elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871, serving on the Library Committee, and those on Claims, Private Land Claims, the Library, the Special Joint Committee on the Rebellious States, and as Chairman of that of Ord nance. He received from Williams Col lege, in 1866, the degree of LL.D., and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of the same year. Hoivard, John Eager. Re was born June 4, 1752, in Baltimore County, Maryland; and graduated at Princeton College. He entered the army, in 1776. as a Captain in the regiment of Colonel J. C. Hall; in the following year he was promoted, till finally he succeeded to the command of the Second Maryland Regi ment. He was an efficient coadjutor of Greene during the campaign of the South, distinguishing himself at the bat tle of Covvpeus, when, says Lee, " he seized the critical moment, and turned the fortune of the day; " also at Guilford, and the Eutaws. He was in the engage ment of White Plains, Germantown, Mon- mouth. Camden, and Hobkirk's Hill. Hav ing been trained to the infantry service, he was remarkably apt at charging into close battle with fixed bayonet; at Cow- pens this mode of fighting was resorted to for the first time in the war, and in this battle he had in his hands at one time the swords of seven officers who had sur rendered to him personally. On this occasion he saved the life of the British General O'Hara, whom he found clinging to his stirrup and asking quarter. When the army was disbanded he retired to his patrimonial estate near Baltimore. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress, and was in 1788 chosen Governor of Maryland, and held the office three years. He was a Senator of the United States, from Maryland, from 1796 to 1803, and was President pro tern, of the Senate in the Sixth Congress. He died October 12, 1827. Howard, Tilghman A. Born near Pickensville, South Carolina, November 14, 1797. He received a limited educa tion, and commenced active life as a clerk in a store, and as a school-master; re moved to Tennessee and devoted himself BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 197 to the law ; when twenty-seven years of age was elected a member of the Tennes see Legislature ; was a Jackson Elector in 1830; during that year removed to Indi ana, and was appointed, by President Jackson, District Attorney for that State; and was appointed Charge d'AQ'aires to Texas in 1844, in which Republic he died, August 1C, 1844. His term of service as a Representative in Congress, from Indi ana, was from 1839 to 1841. Harvard, Volney E.He was born in Norridgewock, Maine; studied law; emigrated to Mississippi, where he dis tinguished himself as an editor, and fought two duels, first with S. S. Prentiss, and next with Governor McNutt; and, having emigrated to Texas, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Howard, William. Korn in Vir ginia, and was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business. Howard, William A. He was born in Vermont; graduated at Middlebury College in 1839 ; and, having taken up his residence in Michigan, was elected a Rep resentative, from that State, to the Thir ty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Ways and Means. Having contested the seat of G. B. Cooper in I860, he became a mem ber of the Thirty-sixth Congress ; serving as a member of the Select Committee of Thirty-three. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Postmaster at De troit. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Howe, John W. He was born in New Hampshire, and, having settled in Pennsylvania, was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from 1849 to 1853. Howe, Thomas M. He was born in Vermont, and, having settled in Pennsyl vania, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1851 to 1855. He was for many years Cashier, and then President, of the Exchange Bank, of Pittsburg. Hotve, Jr., Thomas I 7 ". He was a native of New York, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Hoive, Timothy O. Was born in Livermore, Oxford County, Maine, Febru ary 7, 181G; received an academical educa tion at the Readficld Seminary; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; settled at Readfield, and was elected to the Legislature of Maine in 1845 ; in the latter part of that year he removed to Green "Bay, Wisconsin ; was elected a Cir cuit Judge in that State, in 1850, holding the office until 1855, when he resigned ; and in 18G1 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Wisconsin, for the term ending in 1867; serving on the Commit tees on Finance, Commerce, Pensions, and Claims, and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills and of those on the Li brary and Claims, and subsequently on those on Appropriations and Revolution ary Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 18G6, and in January, 1867, he was re- elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873. Howell, David. Born in New Jer sey ; graduated at Princeton College in 1766. Removing to Rhode Island, he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, and afterwards of Law, in Brown University. Practised law in Providence, and was chosen Judge of the Supreme Court. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from 1782 to 1785, and in 1812 was appointed District Judge for Rhode Island, which office he filled till his death. He died in 1824, aged seventy-seven years. Howell, Edward. He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1832, and a Representative in Congress, from that State", from 1833 to 1835. Howell, Elias.He was born in New Jersey, and, having taken up his residence in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837. Howell, Jeremiah B. He was a native of Rhode Island, and graduated at Brown University in 1789 ; was a Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1811 to 1817, and died in 1822, aged fifty years. Howell, Nathaniel. KQ graduated at Princeton College in 1788, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815, and died at Can- andaigua, New York, October 16, 1851, aged eighty-one years. Howland, Benjamin. lie was a native of Rhode Island ; was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1804 to 1809, and died May 6, 1821. Hoivley, Richard. He was a Dele gate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781. Hubard, Edmund W. He was born in Virginia, and \vas a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1847. Hubbard, Asahel W. He was born in Haddam, Connecticut, January 18, 1819 ; 198 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. received a district-school education; re moved to Indiana in 1838, and taught school for a time ; studied law, and came to the bar in 18-11 ; in 1847 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature, and served three years; in 1857 he removed to Iowa, and was chosen Judge of the Fourth Judi cial District of that State; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as a member .of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Special Committee to visit the Indian Tribes of the West, lie- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Public Expen ditures and Indian Affairs ; also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old committees. Hubbard, Chester &. He was born in Hamden, Connecticut, November 25, 1814; removed with his parents to West ern Pennsylvania in 1815 ; thence to Wheel ing, Virginia, in 1819; graduated at the Wesleyan University in 1840; was en gaged iu the lumber, iron, and banking business ; in 1852 and 1853 he was a mem ber of the Virginia Legislature ; was a member of the " Eichmond Convention " of 1861, and also of the " Wheeling Con vention" of the same year; served one term in the Senate of West Virginia after its organization ; was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention " of 1864 ; was the Commissioner from West Virginia to the Soldiers' National Cemetery, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures and on Banking and Currency. He was also re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old committees and as Chairman of that on Interior Department Expenses. Hubbard, David. lie was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term, from 1849 to 1851. Hubbard, Jr., Demas. Born in Winlield, County of Herkimer, New York, January 17, 1806; received an academical education; was devoted to farming and the practice of law ; was for many years Supervisor of Chcnango County, and four years Chairman of the Board ; from 1838 to 1840 he was a member of the State Leg islature; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Hubbard, Henry. He was born in Charlcstown, New Hampshire, May 3, 1784 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1803 ; studied law, and commenced prac tice in Charlestown. He came early into public life. He was frequently a member of the State Legislature, and for some years Speaker of the House. He was Judge of Probate for Sullivan County, from 1827 to 1829; a Representative in Congress, from 1829 to 1835 ; and a Sena tor in Congress from 1835 to 1841. He was also Governor of New Hampshire in 1842 and 1843; and from 1846 to 1849 United States Assistant Treasurer in Bos ton. For a part of the time, during the Twenty-eighth Congress, he acted as Speaker of the House of Representatives. He died at Charlestovvu, New Hampshire, June 5, 1857. Hubbard, John If. He was born in Salisbury, Litchfield County, Connecticut, in 1805 ; received a good common-school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1826, and was a regular prac titioner of his profession until 1855. For five years he was Attorney for the County of Litchfield ; was twice elected to the State Senate ; and early in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from Connecti cut, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Patents and Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Canals, and on Patents. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Hubbard, Jonathan H. Born in 1768. He was one of the oldest and most esteemed citizens of Vermont, and was distinguished as a jurist; he was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1809 to 1811, and for many years was one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont. His death occurred where most of his life was spent, at Windsor, Vermont, September 20, 1849. Hubbard, Levi. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1813 to 1815; a State Senator in 1806, 1807, 1811, and 1816 ; also for some years a County Treasurer; a State Coun cillor in 1829 ; a Presidential Elector in 1820 and 1828 ; having also been in 1804 and 1805 a member of the State Legisla ture. Hubbard, Michard D. He was born in Berlin, Connecticut, September 7, 1818 ; graduated at Yale College ; studied law, and devoted his whole attention to the profession ; and in 1867 was elected a Representative, from Connecticut, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Claims and Expendituresiu the Post Office Department. Hubbard, Samuel DicJcinson. Born at Middletown, Connecticut, August 10, 1799, and died at the same place, Octo ber 8, 1855. Graduated at Yale College in 1819; studied law, but did not practise, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 199 devoting himself chiefly to the manufac turing business. He served as a Repre sentative through the Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Congresses. In 1852 he was ap pointed Postmaster-General, and held the office until the close of President Fill- more's administration, after which he re tired to private life. He was zealous in the cause of education, and assisted in the establishment of the City High School at Middlctown. Hubbard, Thomas XT. He was a native of New Haven, Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College in 1708. He studied law, and settled at Hamilton, in Madison County, New York, and was there Surrogate for ten years. In 1823 he re moved to Utica, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819, and from 1821 to 1823. He was chosen Presidential Elector in 1812, 1844, and 1852. He died in Utica, May 22, 1857, aged seventy-six years. Hubbell, Edivin N. He was born in Coxsackie, New York, August 13, 1815 ; received an academical education; was chiefly devoted to the pursuits of manu- facturing and farming; held for a time the office of County Supervisor; and in 1864 \vas elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Manufactures, Expenditures in the War Department, and Free Schools in the District of Columbia. Hubbell, James R. He was born in Delaware County, Ohio, in 1824 , re ceived an ordinary education; adopted the profession of law; served four times in the State .Legislature, and twice as Speaker of the House; was a Presidential Elector in 185G ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on the War Department and Agri culture. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Hubbell, William, S. He was born in New York ; was a member of the As sembly of that State in 1841 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from the same, from 1843 to 1845. Hubley, Edivard B. From 1835 to 1839 a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania; and died February 23, 1856, in Philadelphia. Hudson, Charles. Born in Marl- borough, Massachusetts, November 14, 1795. He spent his youth as a student in a village school, and also as a teacher, and at the age of twenty- one was a day-la borer on a farm. In 1819 he was licensed as a Preacher of the Universalist persua sion ; was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature from 1828 to 1833; a State Senator from 1833 to 1839 ; a State Coun cillor from 1839 to 1841 ; and was elected to Congress in 1841, where he remained until 1849. He was subsequently appointed Naval Officer for Boston, Mas sachusetts, by the Federal Government, serving from 1849 to 1853. Hufty, Jacob. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1809 to 1814. linger, Benjamin. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1799 to 1805, and for a second term from 1815 to 1817. Huger, Daniel. He was a member of the Continental Congress, and a Repre sentative in the Congress of the United States, from South Carolina, from 17S9 to 1793. Huger, Daniel Elliot. Was a citi zen of Charleston, South Carolina; grad uated at Princeton College in 1798 ; and for nearly half a century was identified with the public service of his State, as a member of the Legislature, State Senate, and Judge of her Courts ; and was a Sen ator in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1843 to 1846. He died in Charleston, in August, 1854. Hughes, Charles. He was born in Georgia, and, having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. In 1862 he was appointed Provost-Marshal for the Sixteenth District of New York. Hughes, George W. He was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expendi tures in the Navy Department. Hughes, James. He was born at Hampstcad, Maryland, November 24, 1823, and was educated at the State Uni versity of Indiana. He began the practice of law at Bloomington, Indiana, in 1842; was appointed First Lieutenant of the Six teenth Regiment of United States Infantry, one of the ten regiments in the Mexican war, and served till the close of the war, and then returned to the practice of law in Bloomington. He was elected Circuit Judge, in 1852, for six years; in 1853 was elected Professor of Law in the Univer sity of Indiana, and served three years. He was elected a Representative, from In diana, in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Territories. In 1861 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, a Judge of the Court of Claims, which he resigned in 1865. In May, 1866, he was appointed, by President Johnson, a Cotton Agent for the Treasury 200 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Department ; and subsequently settled in Washington City as an Attorney-at-La\v, but was soon afterwards elected to the Legislature of Indiana. Hughes, James M.lle was a native of Kentucky, and a Representative in Con gress, from Missouri, from 1843 to 1845. Hughes, Thomas JET. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1820 to 1833. Hughston, Jonas A. lie was born in New York, and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. In 1845 he was District Attorney for Delaware County ; and was subse quently Marshal of Shanghai, where he died in 1882. Hugunin, Daniel. He was born in Montgomery County, New York, and was distinguished as an officer in the war of 1812, and participated in the stirring events on the Niagara frontier, and the battle of Qtiecnstown, with General Scott, where he was taken prisoner. He was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827 ; and a m-jiuber of the New York Legislature, and at a later period United States Marshal for the Ter ritory of Wisconsin, under an appoint ment from President Harrison. He died at Kenosha, Wisconsin, June, 1850, aged fifty-nine* Hulbert, John IF. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1814 to 1817; having succeeded Daniel Dewey, resigned. Hulburd, Calvin T. He was born in Stockholm, St. Lawrence County, New York, June 5, 1809; graduated at Middle- bury College, Vermont, in 1829 ; read law at Yale College, and adopted the occupa tion of farming; was a member of the State Legislature from 1842 to 1844, and again in 18G2; and in the latter year was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Agriculture, and as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures, lie-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the Library, and as Chairman of the Committee on Public Expenditures; and also, of that on the Custom House Frauds, in New York. He-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction ; and in 18G7 received from Hamilton College the degree of LL.D. Humphrey, CJiarles.He was born in Orange County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827, and subsequently served four years in the Assembly of that State, one year as Speaker. He died at Albany, July 18, 1850, aged fifty-nine years. Humphrey, James. Born in Fair- field, Connecticut, October 1), 1811; grad uated at Amherst College in 1831, of which his father, Rev. Ileinan Humphrey, was for many years President ; had charge, in 1832, of Plaintield Academy, Connecti cut; studied law, and studied for practice in Louisville, Kentucky, where he re mained only one year. In 1838 he re moved to the City of New York, where he practised his profession; and in 1858 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and of the Select Commit tee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. During the summer of 1865 he visited Europe on a tour of pleasure. In the Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Committee on Commerce, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures in the Navy Department. Died in Brooklyn, New York, June 16, 1866. Humphrey, J. M. He was born in Holland. Erie County, New York, Septem ber 21, 1819; received a common-school education ; adopted the profession of law ; was District Attorney for Erie County in 1857, 1858, and 1859 ; was a member of the State Senate from 1863 to 1865 ; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Commerce and the Special Committee on the Civil Ser vice. In 1865 he was President of the " Democratic State Convention/' Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the additional Committee on Expendi tures in the State Department. Humphrey, Reuben. He was for four years a Senator in the Legislature of New York, from Ouondaga County; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809. Humphreys, Charles. He was a Delegate, from Pennsylvania, to the Con tinental Congress, from 1774 to 1776. Humphreys, Jacob. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1819 to 1821. Humphreys, Perry IF. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1813 to 1815. Hungerford, John O. He was an officer in the Revolutionary war, and a member of Congress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 1817. "lie died at Twiford, in Westmoreland County, December 21, 1833, aged seventy-four years. BIOGRAPHICAL XECOKDS. Hunyerford, Orville.Ue was born in Connecticut in 1790, and was a Repre sentative iu Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1847. He died at Water- town, April G, 1855. Hunt, Hiram P. lie was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837^ and again from 1839 to 1843. Hunt, James B. He was a native of New York, and for many years law part ner with Michael Hoffman. He removed to Michigan about the time of its admission into the Union, and was soon called to re sponsible public trusts. He was a mem ber of Congress, from Michigan, from 1843 to 1847. He died in Washington, August 15, 1857, aged fifty-eight years. Hunt, Jonathan. He represented the State of Vermont, in Congress, from 1827 to 1832, serving on the Committee on Public Lands, and died at Washington, May 14, of the latter year. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College iu 1807. Hunt, Samuel. He was a Repre sentative, iu Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1802 to 1805. Hunt, Theodore G. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representa tive in the Thirty-third Congress, from Louisiana. J funt, Washington. He was born in Windham, Greene County, New York, August 5, 1811. At the age of eighteen he entered upon the study of law, and was admitted to the bar at Lockport in 1834. In 183G he was appointed first Judge of Niagara County, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from 18 13 to 1849, serv ing during his last term as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce. In 1849 he was elected Comptroller of New York, and in 1850 Governor of the State. He was temporary Chairman of the last "Whig National Convention" ever held, in 1850 ; and in 1860 he was tendered the nomination for the- office of Vice-Presi- dent, but he declined. Since that time he has lived in retirement upon a handsome farm near Lockport, dividing his attention between his friends, his books, and the pursuits of horticulture. He was a Dele gate to the "Chicago Convention" in 18G4; and to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 18G6. Died in New York City, February 2, 1867. Hunter, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caroli na, from 1793 to 1795, and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 1796. Hunter, John JF". He was born in the village of Bedford, King's County, New York ( now within the limits of the City of Brooklyn), October 15, 1807; after devoting himself in various ways to measures which looked to the progress and advancement of his native city, he became identified with the New York Cus tom House as Clerk in 1831, and in 1837 as Assistant Auditor, in which position he continued until his resignation in 18G5. In 18G4 his name was forged to two checks for $6, GOO and $4*,200, on the Assistant Treasurer of New York, and although a suit was instituted by that officer, the en tire innocence of Mr. Hunter was trium phantly vindicated, and the Treasurer not only acknowledged his error in the prem ises, but out of his own pocket paid all the expenses of the trial. This was con sidered one of the most remarkable cases of the kind on record, and only tended to brighten the fair fame of the temporary victim. In 18G5 he accepted the position of Secretary of a Banking Institution in Brooklyn; and in 18G6 he" was elected by a large majority, a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, in the place of James Humphrey, de ceased, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Banking and Currency, and Expenses in the Navy Department. Hunter, Morton C.IIe was born in Versailles, Ripley County, Indiana, February 5, 1825 ; went through a scien tific course of studies in the Indiana State ^University ; studied law and graduated as s a lawyer at the above institution. In 1858 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in I860 he was a Presidential Elector ; in 1862 he raised the Eighty-second Regi ment of Indiana Volunteers, and as Colo nel commanded it under the fall of Atlanta in 1864 ; he also had command of a brig ade under General Sherman in his march to the sea, and continued with the Four teenth Army Corps until its arrival in Washington. In March, 1865, he was brevetted a Brigadier-General ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Territories and Mines and Mining. Hunter, Naisworthy. He was a Delegate in Congress, from the Territory of Mississippi, from 1801 to 1802. Died March 11, 1802. Hunter, Robert M. T. He was born in Essex County, Virginia, April 21, 1809 ; was educated at the University of Virginia; adopted the profession of law and came to the bar in 1830; served three years in the State Legislature ; and was first elected a Representative in Congress, from his native State, in 1837, when he served two terms, and was re-elected in 1845, officiating during the Twenty-sixth Congress as Speaker. In 1847 he was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. elected a Senator in Congress for a long term, and re-elected for the term ending in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Finance, and as a member of the Committees on the Library, and on the Pacific Railroad. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1859 for another long term, but was expelled July, 1861. He took part in the Rebellion as Secretary of State, and a member of Congress in the Rebel government. After the Rebellion he was arrested as a prisoner of State, but released on his parole, and in 18G7 he was pardoned by President Johnson. Hunter, William. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1817 to 1819. He was also a member of the State Legislature in 1807 and 1809, and a State Councillor in 1809, 1814, and 1815. Hunter, William. Born in New port, Rhode Island, November 23, 1775; graduated at Brown University in 1791 ; went to London, and studied medicine, but soon changed to the law, and entered at the Inner Temple in London ; and on his return to Newport, at the age of twen ty-one, was admitted to the bar. In 1799 he was a Representative in the General Assembly of Rhode Island, and re-elected at different periods from that time to the year 1811, Avhen he was chosen a Senator in Congress, and held his seat till 1821. His speeches, especially those on the ac quisition of Florida, and the Missouri Compromise, won him a high reputation as a sagacious statesman and finished ora tor. In 1834 he was Charge to Brazil, an office which was, in 1842, raised to a full mission, and he was continued as Minis ter till 1845, when he retired from public life, and resided at Newport until his death, which occurred December 3, 1849. Hunter, William F. He was born in Alexandria, Virginia, December 10, 1808; had few educational advantages; practised the trade of a cabinet-maker un til 1840; and, having studied law, removed to Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853; since which time he has devoted himself to his profession. Hunter, William H. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1839. Huntington, Abel. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, but at an early age removed to East Hampton, Long Island, and for sixty years was a practising phy sician. He was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837. He was Collector of Sag Harbor, under President Polk; and member of the New "York Constitutional Convention "of 1846. He died at East Hampton, May 18, 1858, aged eighty-two years. Huntington, Benjamin. Was a native of Norwich, Connecticut; gradu ated at Yale College in 1761, and practised law iu his native town. He was a Judge of the Superior Court of the State, from 1793 to 1798, and was a member of the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1784, and also from 1787 to 1788; and a Repre sentative in Congress, under the Consti tution, from 1789 to 1791. He was Mayor of Norwich for twelve years, and he died in 1800. Received from Dartmouth Col lege the degree of LL.B. Huntington, Ebenezer. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, and died there in May, 1834, aged ninety-seven years. He graduated at Yale College in 1775 ; joined the army the same year as a volunteer; was soon commissioned as a Lieutenant; in 1776 he was appointed a Captain, and also, Deputy Adjutant-Gen eral; in 1777 a Major; in 1779 a Lieuten ant-Colonel; and he was present at the surrender of Cornwallis, at Yorktown. He was twice elected to Congress, from Connecticut, serving from 1810 to 1811, and again from 1817 to 1819. In 1799 he was, at the recommendation of Washing ton, appointed a Brigadier-General in the army raised by Congress, when expecta tions were entertained of a war with France. Huntington, Jabez W. Born in Norwich, Connecticut, November 8, 1788, and graduated at Yale College iu 1806. He studied law at Litchfielcl, and com menced to practise there, where he re mained thirty years. In 1828 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1829 was a Representative in Congress; which office he filled until 1834, when he removed to Norwich, and became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Errors, and was chosen a Judge of the Superior Court of his State. He was a Senator in Congress from 1840 until his death, which occurred at Norwich, November 1, 1847. Huntington, Samuel. He was born in Wiiidham, Connecticut, July 3, 1732 ; although not liberally educated, he acquired a knowledge of law and early came to the bar; settled in Norwich and became eminent in his profession ; in 1764 he was elected to the General Assembly of the State; in 1765 was appointed King's Attorney; in 1774 was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court; in 1775 elected to the Council; was a signer of the Declara tion of Independence, and of the Articles of Confederation ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1776 to 1784, serving as President in 1779; in 1784 he was appointed Chief Justice ; and he was Governor of the State of Connecticut BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from 178G to 179G, and died January 5, lu the latter year. Huntsman, Adam. He was a na tive of Virginia, and a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1837. Hutchins, John* Born in Vienna Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, July 25, 1812; was chiefly educated by private tutors, although he spent one year at the Western Reserve College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1837; in 1838 was appointed Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for Trumbull County, hold ing the position five years ; in 1849 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature; served a number of years as a Bank Director; and in 1858 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy alists' Convention" of 1866. Hutchins, Wells A. Was born in Hartford, Trumbull County, Ohio, October 8, 1318 ; received a common-school educa tion; taught school for several years in Ohio andlndiana; studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-third year; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1851 ; in 1862 he was appointed one of the six Provost-Marshals for Ohio; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Commerce. Hutson, RicJiard.YLe graduated at Princeton College in 1865 ; was a Dele gate, from South Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1778 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation. Huyler, John. He was born in New York, and, having become a citizen of New Jersey, was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Agriculture. Hyneman, John M. He was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1811 to 1813, when he re signed, and D. Udree was elected in his place. He was a member of the Legisla ture of Pennsylvania in 1803. In 1810, was commissioned Clerk of the Orphans' Court of Berks County, and remained in that ofllce for six years. In 1814, was commissioned County Surveyor, and re mained in that office for ten years. Ihrie, Peter. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833. Hslej/, Daniel. Born in Falmouth, Massachusetts, in 1740; was a distiller by occupation ; served three years in the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1807 to 1809. Died in 1813. Imlay, James H. He graduated at Princeton College in 1786; was, for a time tutor in that institution ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1797 to 1801. Inge, Samuel W. He was born in North Carolina, and, on removing to Ala bama, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Subsequently removed to Califor nia and practised law. Inge, William M. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Ingersoll, Charles J. Born in Philadelphia, October 3, 1782 ; received a liberal education; was a Representative iu Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed United States District Attorney for Pennsylva nia, which he held until 1829. In 1837 he was appointed Secretary of Legation to Prussia. He was afterwards re-elected a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Foreign Affairs. He published a " History of the Second American AVar with Great Britain," and several other works of minor importance, including some poetry. He also served as a mem ber of various Internal Improvement Con ventions ; and in 1847 was appointed by President Polk Minister to France, but was rejected by the Senate. Died in Phil adelphia, May 14, 1862. Was brother of Joseph R. Ingersoll. Ingersoll, Colin 31". He was born in Connecticut in 1820; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law; was Secretary of Legation at St. Petersburg, by appointment of President Polk ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, from 1851 to 1855. Ingersoll, Ebon C. Born in Oneida County, New York, December 12, 1831; removed with his father to Illinois in 1843 ; finished his education at Paducah, Ken tucky ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1854; in 1856 he was elected to the Illi nois Legislature; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, for the unex pired term of Owen Lovejoy ; re-elected 204 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Dis trict of Columbia. Also re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, continuing at the head of his old committee. Ingersoll, Jared. He was born in 1749; graduated at Yale College in 1766; attained high rank as a lawyer; was a Delegate from Pennsylvania to the Conti nental Congress, in 1780 and 1781 ; Mem ber of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, and signed that in strument; was for many years Attorney- General for Pennsylvania; and Judge of the District Court of the United States at the time of his death, which occurred in 1822. In 1812 he was the Federal candi date for the office of Vice-President ; and he received from Yale College the degree ofLL.D. Ingersoll, Joseph It. Born in Philadelphia, June 14, 1786 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1804; a lawyer by profession, and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1835 to 1837; and from 1842 to 1849, and for a time Chairman of the Judiciary Commit tee. He was appointed by President Fill- more, in 1852, Minister to England. The titles of LL.D. and D.C.L. Oxon., were conferred upon him. Died in Philadel phia, February 20, 1868. Ingersoll, Ralph */". He was born in New Haven, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1808 ; served in the Legis lature of Connecticut; was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1833, and was appointed by Presi dent Polk, Minister Plenipotentiary to Eussia. Ingham, Samuel. He was born in Hebron, Connecticut, September 5, 1793 ; received a good English education in Vermont, and studied law in Connecticut, having been admitted to the bar in 1815, and in 1817 he settled at Saybrook, which has since been his home. From 1827 to 1835 he was State's Attorney for the Coun ty of Middlesex, and again in 1843 and 1844; he was a Judge of Probate from 1829 to 1833; Judge of the Middlesex County Court from 1849 to 1853 ; and was a Representative, in Congress, from Con necticut, from 1835 to 1839, having offici ated as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and as a member of the Committee on Commerce. He also served a number of years in the Senate and House of Representatives of Connecticut, three years as Speaker, and was one year Clerk of the House ; he was appointed in 1837, by the State, as agent to prosecute certain claims against the United States, and was successful; and in 1857 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of Customs. In 1854 he was a candidate for the office of United States Senator, and received the entire vote of his party in the Legislature, but Senator Foster was elected. Ingham, Samuel Z>. He was born in Pennsylvania, September 16, 1773; re ceived a good education ; had the man agement for some years of a paper-mill in Eastern New Jersey; served three years in the Pennsylvania Legislature ; held for a time the office of Prothonotary to one of the Courts of that State ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1813 to 1818, and from 1822 to 1829, serving as Chairman of several Committees, when he was appointed by President Jackson, Secretary of the Treas ury. Died at Trenton, New Jersey, June 5, 1860. Iredell, James. Born in Chowan County, North Carolina, in 1788, and grad uated at Princeton College in 1806. He was for several years in the Legislature of that State, part of the time Speaker of the House; in 1812 commanded a compa ny of volunteers, who went to Norfolk to repel the British; in 1819 he was appoint ed Judge of the Superior Court; in 1827 was elected Governor of North Carolina; and was a Senator in Congress, from 1823 to 1831. Toward the close of his life he was a Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court, and died at Edenton, April 13, 1853. Irvln, Alexander. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Irvln, James. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. Irvin, William TF. He was a mem ber of the State Legislature of Ohio, and Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1833. He died at Lan caster, Ohio, April, 1842. Irvine, William. Born in Ireland ; educated for the medical profession; served as Surgeon on board of a British ship, in the war which began in 1754, and after the peace of 1763, settled at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. In 1774 he was a member of the " State Convention ; " in 1776 he served in Canada, and accompanied Colo nel Thompson from Sorelle to dislodge the enemy from Trois Rivieres ; but was taken prisoner, June J I, and remained as such at Quebec until exchanged in 1778. On his release he was promoted to the command of the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, and in 1781 the defence of the north-western frontier was intrusted to BIOCrEAPHICAL KECOEDS. 205 him, and he attained the rank of Major- General. He was a Presidential Elector in 1797; was a Representative in Con gress, after the war, from 1793 to 1795. He was a Commissioner during the Whis key Insurrection of 1791, and removed shortly after to Philadelphia, and was ap pointed Superintendent of Military^ Stores. He died July 30, 1804, aged sixty-three years. He was also a Delegate from Penn sylvania to the Continental Congress, from 178G to 1788. Irvine, William. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the Militia. Irving, William. He was born in the City of New York, August 16, 17G6 ; from 1787 to 1791 was an Indian trader on the Mohawk; was subsequently a mer chant in New York City, and a Represent ative in Congress, from 1813 to 1819, and a member of the Committee on Com merce and Manufactures. He was a broth er of Washington Irving, for whose " Salmagundi" he wrote several poems and essays. He was distinguished for his colloquial powers, and was a popular as well as an influential member of Congress, but he resigned before the expiration of his term, on account of his health. He died November 9, 1821. Invin, tTared.Tle was a member of the Convention which adopted the Consti tution of 1789; was Governor of Georgia, from 179G to 1798, and also from 1806 to 1809. He removed to Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817, and died March 1, 1818, aged sixty-eight years. Irwln, Thomas. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1831, and was in the latter year appointed, by President Jackson, United States Judge of the Western District of Pennsylvania. Irwln, William W. He was a member of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1841 to 1843; and from 1843 to 1847 he was Charge d'Aflaires of the United States to Denmark. He died in Pitts- burg, September 15, 1856. Isaclcs, Jacob C. He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to 1833. Iverson, Alfred. Born in Burke County, Georgia, December 3, 1798 ; grad uated at Princeton College in 1820 ; a law yer by profession ; served three years as a member of the House of Representatives and one year as Senator in the Legislature of Georgia. Twice elected Judge of the Supreme Court of that State for terms of three and four years; was one of the Elect ors at large in the Presidential election of 1844; elected a Representative to the Thirtieth Congress, and served two years. In 1854 he was elected to the United States Senate for six years, from March 4, 1855, and for a long time acted as Chairman of the Committee on Claims, and as a mem ber of the Committees on Military Affairs and the Pacific Railroad. Withdrew in February, 1861, and joined the great Re bellion. Ives, Willard. He was born in Watertown, New York, July 7, 1806 ; re ceived a good English education; is a farmer by occupation ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York, from 1851 to 1853. In 1846 he was elected by the Methodist Episcopal Church a Del egate to the " Christian World's Conven tion," which was held in London. Izard, Ralph. A Senator of the United States from South Carolina, from 1789 to 1795; President of the Senate pro tern, during the first session of the Third Congress ; and a distinguished and elo quent statesman. In the judgment of Washington, no man was more honest in public life. He died at South Bay, May 30, 1804, aged sixty-six years. Jack, William. He was born in Pennsj'lvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Jackson, Andrew. Born at War saw Settlement, North Carolina, March 15, 1767. When fourteen years of age he left the Academy where he had been placed and entered the Revolutionary army, and at the age of twenty-one established him self as a lawyer in Western North Caro lina. When that part of the country became a Territory, in 1790, President Washington appointed him Attorney of the United States for the new district. When said Territory was formed into the State of Tennessee, he was a member of the Convention which drew up the new Constitution, and he was immediately chosen a Representative in Congress, serving one term, when he was transferred to the United States Senate, where he con tinued until 1798. His next public posi tion was that of Judge of the Supreme Court; and having been chosen Major- General of one of the divisions of the Ten nessee Militia, he retained the office until 1814, when he went into the regular army with the same rank. He was assigned to the command of the army at New Or leans, and January 8, 1815, obtained his famous victory over the British. In 1817- '18 he conducted the Seminole war in Florida, and soon after retired from the army. In 1823 he was again elected a 206 BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. Senator in Congress, and remained there two years. He was elected President in 1828, and re-elected in 1832. The events which marked his administration were the difficulties with France, the suppression of the Nullification movement in South Carolina, the Indian war in Florida, and the removal of the deposits from the Uni ted States Bank. He retired to private life in 1836, and in the peaceful shades of the Hermitage, in Tennessee, he died, June 8, 1845. That he was a remarkable man is the undisputed verdict of his coun trymen throughout the Union. Jackson, David. He was a Dele gate, from Pennsylvanla,to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 1786. Jackson, David S. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1847 to 1848. Jackson, Jr., Ebenezer.He was born in Connecticut, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, to fill an unexpired term, from 1834 to 1835. Jackson, Edward B. He was born in Harrison County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1820 to 1823, his first term having been in continuation of that filled by James Pingale, resigned. Died Sep tember 8, 1826. Jackson, Jabez. He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1836 to 1839. Jackson 9 James. Born in Devon, England, in 1757, and carne to this coun try in 1772. Early In the American Revo lution he joined the army; in 1778 was made Brigade-Major; and in 1781 com manded the Legionary Corps of the State of Georgia. When the British evacuated Savannah, July 12, 1782, he received the keys. For his various services, the As sembly of the State presented him with a house and lot in Savannah. On the return of peace he engaged with success in the practice of law; in 1780 he fought a duel with Lieutenant Governor Wells, whom he slew, but was wounded himself in both knees; and he was a member of the Con vention which formed the first Constitu tion of Georgia. He was chosen a Rep resentative in Congress in 1789, from Georgia, and after the close of his first term he successfully contested the seat of Anthony Wayne; and in 1793 he was chosen a Senator, which office he resigned in 1795. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He was Major-General of the Georgia Militia, and Governor of the State from 1798 till his election as Senator in 1801. He died March 18, 1806, aged forty -eight years. Jackson, James. He was born in Jefferson County, Georgia, in 1819; grad uated at the University of Georgia, in 1837 ; and, having studied law, commenced the practice in 1840. In 1842 he was elect ed Secretary of the Senate of Georgia, holding the office one year; in 1845 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re- elected to the same position in 1847; in 1849 he was chosen by the Legislature Judge of the Western Circuit of his State, and was elected to the same office by the people in 1853, and again in 1857. In June, of that year he was nominated for Con gress, resigned his judgship, and in Octo ber following was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Claims, and Revolutionary Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Resigned in Feb ruary, 1861, and returned to Georgia. Jackson, James S. He was born in Madison County, Kentucky, and adopted the profession of law; he served in the Mexican war as a Captain of Volunteers. In 1861 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-seventh Con gress ; but, while the Rebellion was pro gressing, he recruited a Regiment of Kentucky Cavalry ; was subsequently ap pointed a Brigadier-General, and was killed at the battle of Porryville, in 1862, bravely fighting in the service of his coun try. Jackson, John G. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1795 to 1797, from 1799 to ISlO^and agaiu from 1813 to 1817. Jackson, Jonathan. He was born in Boston, in 1743; graduated at Harvard College in 17G1 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782; United States Marshal from 1789 to 1791 ; Treas urer of Massachusetts from 1802 to 180(5; and he was Treasurer of Harvard College from 1807 until his death, which occurred in 1810. Jackson, Joseph W. He was fre quently a member of the City Council of Savannah ; at one time Mayor of the city ; served a number of years in the State Legislature; and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1850 to 1853. Died at Savannah, December 28, 1854. Jackson, Jr., Richard. Born in 1764, and died at Providence, April 18, 1838. He was a member of Congress from Rhode Island, from 1808 to 1815. In early life he was engaged in mercantile busi ness, and was among the firsi in this coun try who embarked in the manufacture of BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 207 cotton. He filled several important public offices, and was distinguished for las be nevolence. Jackson, Thomas B. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841 ; and was also for three years a mem ber of the Assembly of New York. Jackson, William. He was born in Massachusetts, September G, 1783; was one of the pioneers of railroad enterprise in Massachusetts, and from 1834 to 1837, and 1841 to 1843, was a Representative in Congress from that State. He was also a member of the State Legislature from 1829 to 1832, and at the time of his death President of the Newton Bank. He died at Newton, Massachusetts, February 27, 1855. Jackson W. T. Born in Chester, Orange County, New York, December 29, 1794 ; received a common-school education, and has been chiefly employed in mercan tile business. He was Justice of the Pease several years in Havana, New York, and held the office of County Judge four years. lu 1848 he was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, and served one term. Jacobs, Israel. He was born in Germany, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1791 to 1793. James, Charles T. Was born in West Greenwich, Rhode Island, in 1806 ; received a limited education; early turned his attention to mechanics as connected with the cotton interest ; wrote a series of papers on the culture and manufacture of cotton in the South; received the de gree of M.A. from Brown University in 1838 ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from 1851 to 1857, from Rhode Island. He subsequently invented a rifled cannon, and met his death from the explosion of a shell of his own invention, while trying experiments at Sag Harbor, New York, October 17, 1862. Tames, Francis. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Jatneson, John. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1830 to 1831, and again from 1843 to 1845, and for another term from 1847 to 1849. Janes, Henry F. He was born at Brimfleld, Hampden County, Massachu setts, in October, 1792 ; studied law in Montpelier, Vermont, and was admitted to the bar in Washington County in 1817, and commenced to practise at Waterbury in that year. From 1820 to 1830 he was Postmaster at Waterbury ; he was a mem ber of the Legislative Council from 1830 to 1834, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Vermont, from 1834 to 1837. He was State Treasurer from 1838 to 1841 ; a member of the Council of Censors in 1848; and a member of the Legislature, from Waterbury, in 1855 ; since which time he has practised his profession. Jarnagln, Spencer. Born in Granger County, Tennessee ; graduated at Greenville College in 1813; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1817; and was United States Senator, from Tennes see, from 1841 to 1847. He died in Mem phis, Tennessee, June 24, 1851. Jarvis, Leonard. lie was born in 1782 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1800; and died in Surry, Maine. September 18, 1854. He was Sheriff of Hancock County, from 1821 to 1829; Collector of Customs for the Penobscot District from 1829 to 1831 ; and a Representative iu Congress, from Maine, from 1831 to 1837, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. From 1838 to 1841 he held the office of Navy Agent for the port of Boston. Jay, John. Was born in New York, December 12, 1745; graduated at King's College in 1764; studied law and came to the bar in 1768 ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777, and from 1778 to 1779. In 1776 he was recalled from Congress to aid in forming the Government of New York, and for that reason he was not present to sign the Declaration of Independence. From 1777 to 1779 he was Chief Justice of the State, but resigned to till the post of President of Congress ; in 1779 he was appointed Minister to Spain ; was a Com missioner to negotiate peace with Eng land ; signed the definitive treaty at Paris in 1783 ; and was appointed by Congress Secretary of State. Though not a mem ber, he aided at the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution; he also assisted Hamilton and Madison in editing the " Federalist ;" and iu 1789 he was ap pointed by Washington Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which he resigned in 1794 to accept the mission to England, when he negotiated the treaty which bears his name. He was Governor of New York from 1795 to 1801, after which he retired to private life. Died in 1829. Jayne, William. Born in Spring field, 'Illinois, October 8, 1826; adopted the profession of medicine, and practised eleven years in Springfield; iu 1859 was elected Mayor of that city ; was elected to the State Senate in 1860 and 1861; during the latter year was appointed Gov- 208 BIOGEAPHICAL RECORDS. ernor of Dacotah Territory ; and in 1862 he was elected a Delegate from Dacotah to the Thirty-eighth Congress. After occu pying his seat for some time, he was superseded by J. B. S. Todd. Jefferson, Thomas. He was born at Shadwell, Virginia, in 1743. His edu cation was principally conducted by pri vate tutors, although he passed two years at the College of William and Mary. He adopted the law as his profession ; was a member of the Legislature of Virginia from 1769 to the commencement of the American Revolution. In 1775 he was a Delegate in Congress ; and on May 15, 1776, the Convention of Virginia instruct ed their delegates to propose a Declaration of Independence. In June, Mr. Lee ac cordingly made the motion, and it was voted that a committee be appointed to prepare one. The committee was elected by ballot, and consisted of Thomas Jeffer son, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. The Declaration was exclusively the work of Jefferson, to whom the right of draught ing it belonged, as Chairman of the Com mittee, though alterations and amendments were made in it by Adams, Franklin, and other members of the Committee, and afterwards by Congress. Jefferson retired from Congress September, 1776, and took a seat in the Legislature of his State in October. In 1779 he was chosen Govern or, and held the office two years. He declined a foreign appointment in 1776, and again in 1781. He accepted the ap pointment of one of the Commissioners for negotiating peace ; but before he sailed, news was received of the signing of the provisional treaty, and he was excused from proceeding on the mission. He re turned to Congress. In 1784 he wrote notes on the establishment of a money- unit, and of a coinage for the United States ; in May of that year he was ap pointed, with Adams and Franklin, a Min ister Plenipotentiary to negotiate treaties of commerce with foreign nations. In 1785 he was Minister to the French Court. In 1789 he returned to America, and re ceived from Washington the appointment of Secretary of State, which he held till December, 1793, and then resigned. In September, 1794, when an appointment was offered him by Washington, he re plied, "No circumstance will ever more tempt me to engage in anything public." Notwithstanding this determination, he suffered himself to be a candidate for President, and was chosen Vice-President in 179G. At the election in 1801 he and Aaron Burr having an equal number of electoral votes for President, the House of Representatives, after a severe strug gle, finally determined in his favor. He was re-elected in 1805. At the end of his second term he retired from ofllce. He died July 4, 1826, at one o'clock in the afternoon, just fifty years from the date of the Declaration of Independence. Prep arations had been made throughout the United States to celebrate this clay as a jubilee ; and it is a most remarkable fact, that on the same day John Adams, a sign er with Jefferson of the Declaration, and the second on the Committee for draught ing it, and his immediate predecessor in the office of President, also died. Jeffer son's publications were : " Summary View of the Rights of British America," 1774; "Declaration of Independence," 1776; " Notes on Virginia," 1781 ; " Manual of Parliamentary Practice, for the Use of the Senate;" "Life of Captain Lewis," 1814; and some papers of a philosophical char acter. His works, chiefly letters, were first published by his grandson, Thomas Jefferson Randolph, in 1829, and a com plete edition, by order of Congress, in nine volumes, in 1853. Jenckes, Thomas A. He was bcrn in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1818; graduated at Brown University in 1838; studied law and practised the profession until elected, in 1863, a Representative, from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Patents, and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt Law, having drawn up the bill on that subject. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress; serving on the Committee on Retrench ment, the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Committee on Patents, and also Chairman of a Special Committee on the Civil Service. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven tion" of 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Retrenchment and Revision of Laws. Jenifer, Daniel, of St. TJiomas. He was a Delegate from Maryland to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1782, and was also a member of the Con vention which formed the Federal Consti tution, and signed that instrument. His son, bearing the same name, was a mem ber of the Federal Congress. Jenifer, Daniel. Was frequently a member of the State Legislature of Mary land, and represented that State in Con gress, from 1831 to 1833, and from 1835 to 1841. During the administrations of Presidents Harrison and Tyler he was the United States Minister to Austria. He died December 18, 1855, near Port Tobac co, Maryland. Jenkins, Albert O. Was born in Cabell County, Virginia, November 10, 1830; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, and in law at Cambridge, in 1850; never practised law, but has been devoted to agricultural pursuits; was a BIOGItAPHICAL EECOEDS. 209 member of the Cincinnati " National Con vention " in 185G ; and was elected a Rep resentative, from Virginia, to the Thirty- flfth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia ; and also to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same committee. He subsequently served as a Brigadier-General in the Rebel ser vice, and was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness. Jenkins, Lemuel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825. JenJcins, Robert. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 to 1811. Jenkins, Timothy. Born in Barre, Worcester County, Massachusetts, Janu ary 29, 1799 ; received an academic educa tion ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1824, practising his profession in Oneida County, New York ; he was Dis trict Attorney for that county six years, and resigned the office on being elected a Representative in the Twenty-ninth Con gress, and was re-elected to the Thirtieth and Thirty-second. Died at Martiusburg, New York, December 24, 1859. JenJcs, Michael JET. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Jenness, Benning W. He was Judge of Probate in Stratford County, New Hampshire, from 1841 to 1845, and a Senator in Congress from New Hampshire during the years 1845 and 1846. Jennings, David. He was born in Hunterdou County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1826. Jennings, Jonathan. He was born in Huuterdou County, New Jersey, and was the first Governor in Indiana, and twice elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1816, and from 1822 to 1831. In 1818 he was appointed, by President Monroe, Indian Commissioner. He died near Charlestown, Clarke County, Indiana, July 26, 1834. Jewett, Freeborn G.TLc was born in New York ; was a member of the As sembly of that State in 1826 and 1827; and a Representative in Congress, from the same, from 1831 to 1833. "From 1846 to 1856 he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; and died February 23, 1858, aged sixty-eight years. Jewett, Joshua IT. He was born at Deer Creek, Harford County, Maryland, September 13, 1812, and, having adopted the profession of law, removed to Ken tucky, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses. He was Chair man of the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. Jewett, Luther. He was born in Vermont; graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1795 ; was both a clergyman and a physician ; for fifteen years a member of the Vermont Legislature ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ver mont, from 1815 to 1817. Died in 1860, aged eighty-seven years. Johns, Kensey.Was born in Dela ware, December 10, 1791; graduated at Princeton College in 1810; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1813 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Dela ware, from 1827 to 1831 ; in 1832 he was appointed Chancellor of the State of Dela ware, in which capacity he was still serv ing at the the time of his death, which occurred at New Castle, March 28, 1857. A person bearing this name was appointed to the Senate in 1794 from Delaware, but he was not admitted. He was the father of the above. Johnson, Andrew. He was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, December 29, 1808 ; when ten years of age he was ap prenticed to a tailor, and worked at that business, in his native town, until his sev enteenth year; he never attended school, but acquired a good English education by studying alone. Having removed to Greenville, Tennessee, he was elected Mayor of that place in 1830 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1835; to the State Senate in 1841 ; and he was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1843 to 1853, serving on various im portant committees. During the latter year he was chosen Governor of Tennes see, and re-elected in 1855. He was elected a Senator in Congress, in 1857, for the term ending in 1863, serving on the Committees on Public Lands and the District of Co lumbia. In 1862 he resigned his scat iu the Senate, and was appointed, by Presi dent Lincoln, Military Governor of Ten nessee. By the " Baltimore Convention" of 1864 he was nominated for the office of Vice-President of the United States, and duly elected. On the death of Abraham Lincoln, April 15, 1865, he took the pre scribed oath and entered upon his duties as President of the United States. His Life and Speeches have been published in a variety of editions ; and in 1866 he re ceived from the University of North Caro lina the degree of LL.D. On the 22d of February, 1868, the House of Representa tives adopted articles of Impeachment against him, founded chiefly upon his alleged misconduct under the Tenure-of- 210 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Office Bill. It was a party vote, as only one Republican, S. F. Gary, and one Con servative Republican, T. E. Stewart, voted against the measure ; and on being tried by the Senate, organized as a High Court of Impeachment, the necessary two- thirds vote could not be secured, and he was acquitted. The Democrats who voted for his acquittal were Senators Bayard, Buck- alew, Davis, McCreery, Hendricks, John son, Patterson of Tennessee, Saulsbury, jind Vickers; and those elected to the Senate as Republicans, who voted with them, were Senators Dixon, Doolittle, Fessenden, Fowler, Grimes, Henderson, Norton, Ross, Trumbull, and Van Win kle; and the Republicans who voted for conviction were Senators Anthony, Cam eron, Cattell, Chandler, Cole, Conkling, Conuess, Corbett, Cragin, Drake, Ed munds, Ferry, Freliughuysen, Harlan, Howard, Howe, Morgan, Morrill of Ver mont, Morrill of Maine, Morton, Nye, Patterson of New Hampshire, Pomeroy, Ramsey, Sherman, Sprague, Stewart, Sumner, Thayer, Tipton, Willey, Wil liams. Wilson, Yates, and Wade, the President of the Senate pro tern. Johnson, Cave. He was born in Robertson County, Tennessee, January 11, 1793 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law; was a Cir cuit Judge for a few years ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1829 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1845, after which he went into the cabinet of President Polk, as Postmaster- General. He also held for many years the position of President of the Bank of Ten nessee, which he resigned in 1859. Died in Clarksville Tennessee, November 23, 18G6. Jolinson, Francis. He was born in Caroline County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1821 to 1827. Johnson, Harvey IT. He was born in Vermont, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Johnson, Henry. Rom. in Tennes see, September 14, 1783 ; studied law in Louisiana; was Clerk of the second Su perior Court of Orleans Territory in 1809 ; Judge of the Parish Court of St. Mary, May 1, 1811; member of the "Constitu tional Convention" of Louisiana in 1812, ran for Congress in 1812, but was de feated ; elected a Senator in Congress in 1818 for the unexpired term of W. C. C. Claiborne, deceased; and sat there until 1824, in which year he was elected Gover nor of Louisiana; and in 1826 was re- elected, holding that office for four con secutive years. In 1829 he was defeated for the .United ..States Senate, by Edward Livingston. Was a Representative from Louisiana in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Congresses. In 1812 was a candidate for Governor, but was defeated by Alexander Mouton. In 1844 he was elected to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the death of A. Porter, under which election he sat in the Senate until March, 1849. He Avas the head of the Whig party in Louisiana. He died July 31, 1861, commanding the high est respect alike of those who had ad hered to, and of those who had opposed him, as a political leader. Johnson, Herschell F. Born in Burke County, Georgia, September 18, 1812. He graduated at the University of Georgia in 1834, and adopted the profes sion of law. He was a Presidential Elector in 1844; in 1848 was appointed to fill a vacancy in the United States Sen ate ; and in 1849 he was elected a Judge of the Superior Court. In 1860 he was a candidate for the office of Vice-President on tile ticket with S. A. Douglas, but was defeated; and subsequently served in the Confederate Senate. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " of 1866. Johnson, James; lie was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1813 to 1820, when he resigned and was appointed Collector of Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia. He also served in the State Legislature. Died at Norfolk, December 7, 1825. Johnson, James. lie was born in Orange County, Virginia; served as Lieu tenant-Colonel under Colonel R. M. John son, at the battle of the Thames ; and was a Representative in Congress from Ken tucky during the years 1825 and 1826, his death having been announced in the House in December, 1826. Johnson, James. He was a native of Georgia, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853; and in 1865 he was appointed, by Presi dent Johnson, Provisional Governor of Georgia. Johnson, James A. Born in Spar- tanburg, South Carolina, May 16, 1829; received a common-school education ; studied medicine and law ; removed to California and was elected to the State Legislature in 1859 ; and was elected a Representative from California to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Post Office and Post Roads and Agriculture. Johnson, James H. He was born in New Hampshire, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. 211 1845 to 1847, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. He was also a State Councillor in 1842 and ki 1843, and a State Senator in 1839. Johnson, James L. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. ' Johnson, Jeromus.He was born in King's County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York City, from 1825 to 1829, and died in Goshen, Orange County, New York, Sep tember 7, 1846. Johnson, John. He was born in the County of Tyrone, Ireland, in 1808; re ceived a common-school education, and emigrated to Ohio, in 1824, where he was devoted to agricultural pursuits. He served as a member of the Ohio Senate ; also, in the last " Constitutional Conven tion " of that State ; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1851 to 1853. Johnson, John I 7 . He was born in Scott County, Kentucky; was a brother of Richard M. Johnson ; once Judge of the Court of Appeals of Kentucky, and repre sented that State in Congress from 1821 to 1825. For thirty years he was a preacher of the Gospel, without a salary. He died iu Lexington, Missouri, December 18, 1857. Johnson, Joseph. He was born in Orange County, New York, and, on re moving to Virginia, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1823 to 1827. from 1835 to 1841, and from 1845 to 1847. He was also Governor of Virginia from 1852 to 1856. Johnson, Noadiah. He served in the Legislature of New York ; was a mem ber of Congress from 1833 to 1835 ; and died at Albany, April 4, 1839. Johnson, Perley B. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Jolinson, Philip. Was born in Warren County, New Jersey, January 17, 1818 ; and his grandfather was a "soldier in the Revolutionary war. In 1839 he re moved with his father to Pennsylvania, settling in Northampton County; and he was educated at Lafayette College, where he spent two years, after which he spent two years teaching school in the South. On his return home he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1848, and soon af terwards elected Clerk of the Court of Sessions and of the Oyer and Terminer. In 1853 and 1854 he was elected to the State Assembly. In 1857 he was Chair man of the Democratic "State Conven tion." In 18GO he was the Revenue Com missioner for tlie Third Judicial District of the State, and was elected a Represent ative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Roads and Canals, and on Patents; he was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Territories. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Conven tion " of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Died in Washington, January 31, 1867. Johnson, Reverdi/. Rorn in An napolis, Maryland, May 21, 1796 ; was edu cated at St. John's College, Annapolis ; studied law with his father; and, having been admitted to the bar, has practised his profession without intermission to the present time. His first appointment was that of State Attorney; in 1817 he re moved to Baltimore (where he has since resided), and in 1820 was appointed Chief Commissioner of Insolvent Debt ors, which office he held until 1821, when he was elected to the S y tate Senate, serv ing flve years ; was re-elected, and re signed in the second year of that term ; in 1845 he was chosen a Senator in Con gress, where he remained until 1849; when he resigned to accept the post of Attorney-General of the United States, bestowed upon him by President Taylor. On his leaving the latter position, he turned his whole attention to his profes sion, practising chiefly in the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Johnson has also taken an active part in the prep aration of seven volumes of Reports of Decisions in the Court of Appeals of Maryland. He was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861 ; was subsequent ly elected to the House of Delegates, of Maryland, by the voters of Baltimore County ; and in 1862 he was again elected a Senator in Congress, from his native State, for the term commencing March, 1863, and ending in 1869, serving on the Library Committee, those on the Judici ary and Foreign Relations, and also the Special Joint Committee on Reconstruc tion. He was one of the Senators desig nated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention " of 1866, taking a leading part in its proceedings. Johnson, HicJiard M. He was born in Kentucky in 1780, and died at Frankfort, November 19, 1850. In 1807 he was chosen a Representative in Congress from Kentucky, which post he held until 1813. In 1813 he raised a volunteer regi ment of cavalry of one thousand men to fight the British and Indians on the Lakes, and during the campaign that 212 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. followed served with great credit, under General Harrison, as a Colonel of that regiment. He greatly distinguished him self at the battle of the Thames, and the chief Tecnmseh is said to have been killed by his hand. In 1814 he was appointed Indian Commissioner by President Madi son. He was again a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1819. In 1819 he went from the House into the United States Senate, to fill an unexpired term; was re-elected, and served as Senator un til 1829. He was re-elected to the House, and remained there until 1837, when he became Vice-President, and as such pre sided over the Senate. At the time of his death he was a member of the Kentucky Legislature, and he died from a second attack of paralysis. He was a kind-heart ed, courageous, and talented man. Johnson, Robert W. He was born in Kentucky in 1814; and was elected a Representative in Congress from Arkan sas in 1847, and served until 1853, when he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Printing, and as a member of the Com mittees on Military Affairs and on Public Lands. Withdrew in 1861, and took part in the Rebellion. Johnson, T7iomas. He was born in Maryland ; was a Delegate from Mary land to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1777; Governor of the State from 1777 to 1779 ; Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1791 to 1793, when he resigned; and he died October 26, 1819, aged eighty-seven years. Johnson, Waldo P. He was elect ed a Senator in Congress from Missouri, in 1861, for the term ending in 1867, but was expelled by the Senate January 10, 1862. Johnson, William. He was born in Ireland, in 1819 ; removed to Ohio ia early life; received a good education; held a variety of local offices in Richmond County, where he long resided; adopted the profession of law ; and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Died at Mansfield, Ohio, May 3, 1866. Johnson, William Cost. Born in Frederick County, Maryland, in 1806 ; re ceived an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court in 1831 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1833 to 1835, and from 1837 to 1843. He served in the State Legislature before entering and after he left Congress 5 was a member of the last Convention for revising the Con stitution of Maryland; and was President Of the National Convention of Young Men, which met in Washington to nom inate Henry Clay for President. When in Congress, Mr. Johnson officiated for a number of years as Chairman of the Com mittee on Public Lands, and also as a member of the Judiciary Committee. Died in Washington, April 16, 1860. Johnson, William S. Born in Stratford, Connecticut, October 7, 1727; graduated at Yale College in 1744; studied law at Cambridge, and acquired distinc tion as a pleader and orator. In 1765 he was a Delegate to the Congress at New York, and in 1766 an agent for the Colony to England, where, during a residence of four years, he was elected a Tutor of the Royal Society. In 1772 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Connecti cut; was a member in 1780 of the Council of Connecticut ; was again a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1785 ; and was a member in 1787 of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States. He was a Senator in Congress from 1789 to 1791, and from 1792 to 1800 President of Columbia College in New York ; after which he returned to his na tive village, where he died, November 14, 1819. He received from Oxford the de gree of LL.D., and will always be remem bered as one of the great men of this country. He was Chairman of the Com mittee appointed to revise the language of the Constitution, and the corrections in the original copy are in his handwriting. Johnston, Charles. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Johnston, Charles. Born in Chow- au County, North Carolina ; was a member of the Stat.e Legislature for many years, and a Representative in Congress during the years 1801 and 1802, having died before the expiration of his term. Johnston, Charles C. A member of Congress, from Virginia, from 1831 to 1832, having died at Washington, June 18 of the latter year. He was Chairman of the Committee on Imprisonment for Debt. He was found drowned in the Potomac, near Alexandria. Johnston, Josiah S.lle was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, November 25, 1784, but was taken by his father, in infancy, to Kentucky. He graduated at Transylvania University, and studied law. He removed to Louisiana in 1805, and commenced his professional career at Alexandria, on the Red River; and in 1812 was a leading man in the State Legisla ture ; he was next appointed District Judge, and represented Louisiana in Con gress from 1821 to 1823; and in 1824, he was elected to the United States Senate BIOGEAPHICAL RECOEDS. 213 retaining that position until his death, which occurred May 19, 1833, by the ex plosion of gunpowder on board the steam boat Lioness, on lied River. Johnston, Samuel. Governor of North Carolina from 1787 to 1789; was President of the Convention of that State which ratified the Federal Constitution, and had been a member of Congress from 1780 to 1782 and in 1789 he was appointed a Senator from North Carolina, and served until 1793 ; was afterwards a Judge of the Supreme Court of Law and Equity. He was also one of those who voted for lo cating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He was a native of Edenton, and died at Sherwarkey, August 18, 1816, aged eighty-three years. Jones, Allen. He was a Delegate from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1779 to 1780. Jones, Benjamin. He was born in Virginia; and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Jones, Daniel T. He was born in Connecticut, and, having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Jones, Francis. Re was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1817 to 1823. Jones, George. -He was a Senator in Congress from Georgia during the ses sion of 1807, by appointment of Governor, but was superseded by W. H. Crawford. Jones, George W. Born at Vin- cennes, Indiana, and graduated at Transyl vania University, Kentucky, in 1825. He was bred to the law, but ill health pre vented him from practising. He was Clerk of the United States District Court, in Missouri, in 182G ; served as an Aide- de-camp to General Henry Dodge in the Black Hawk war; was chosen Colonel of Militia in 1832; subsequently Major-Gen- cral ; also a Judge of a County Court ; in 1835 was elected a Delegate to Congress from the Territory of Michigan, and served two years ; in 1839 was appointed by President Van Burcn Surveyor-General of the North-west ; was removed in 1841 for his politics, but reappointed by Presi dent Polk, and remained in the office until 1849; in 1848 he was elected a United States Senator from Iowa for six years, and re-elected in 1852 for six years, officiating as Chairman of the Committees on Pensions, and on Enrolled Bills, and as a member of the Committee on Territo ries. At the conclusion of his last term he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to New Granada. In 18G1 he was charged with disloyalty, and impris oned in Fort Warren. Jones, George W. Born in King and Queen County, Virginia, March 15, 1806. He began life by adopting the oc cupation of a saddler; was a Justice of the Peace for three years; in 1834 a Jus tice to hold the Quorum Court in Lincoln County; in 1835 and 1837 was elected to the Tennessee Legislature ; in 1839 to the State Senate ; in 1840 and 1842 was elected Clerk of the Lincoln County Court; and was elected a Representative to Congress in 1843, to which position he has been regularly re-elected to 1859, serving during the Thirty-fifth Congress as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals. In 1853, upon the inauguration of President Pierce, Mr. Jones was appointed special bearer of despatches to the American Consul at Havana, having been authorized to administer the official oath to the Vice- President, W. R. King, who had visited Cuba for his health. In 1861 he was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " held in Washington. Jones, Isaac D. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. He was a Delegate also to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864. Jones, James. Born in Maryland, and removed to Georgia when young. He studied law, and settled in Savannah. He was often a member of the Legisla ture of Georgia, and was a Representa tive in Congress from 1799 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, January 12, 1801. Jones, James. He was born in Amelia County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1823. Jones, James C. Born in Wilson County, Tennessee, June 8, 1.809 ; received a good education ; devoted himself in early life to farming; first entered public life, in 1839, as a member of the Tennes see Legislature ; was Governor of Ten nessee "from 1841 to 1845, serving two terms; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 and 1849; find in 1851 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, serving the whole of his term of six years. Died at Memphis, Tennessee, October 29, 1859. He was for many years devoted to the public interests of Mem phis, and his native State, and was dis tinguished for his abilities. Jones, J. Glancy.Kc was born on the Conestoga River, Pennsylvania, Octo ber 7. 1811. By his early education he was prepared for the church, but preferred 214 BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. the law, to which he devoted himself with success ; and while Deputy Attorney-Gen eral of the State, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, serving (excepting a part of the Thirty- third Congress, when Henry W. Muhlen- burg succeeded him") from 1850 to 1858. He vvas the author, in the House, of the bill creating the Court of Claims, when a member of the Committee on Claims; and, by Mr. Speaker Orr, was placed at the head of the Committee on Ways and Means. He was a Presidential Elector in 185G, and was tendered, by President Buchanan, the mission to Berlin, which he declined ; but in October, 1858, he was offered the mission to Austria, and ac cepted the appointment. Jones, John J. Born in Burke County, Georgia, November 13, 1824; graduated at Emory College ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1848; and was a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business. Resigned in February, 1861, and returned to Georgia. Jones, John W. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1845. He was also Speaker of the House of Representatives during the Twenty- eighth Congress. He was an eminent politician, and died January 29, 1848. Jones, John W. Born on Rock Creek, Montgomery County, Maryland, April 14, 180G ; when quite young he re moved, with his father, to Kentucky, where he received a good English and classical education, at the Carlisle Sem inary; as his health would permit, he devoted himself to the study of medicine, attended lectures at the Pennsylvania Academy, and from Jefferson College re ceived the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1840 he was elected to the Georgia Legislature, and he was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1847 to 1849. In 1849 he removed to Alabama, and devoted himself to Agriculture ; but, returning to Georgia, was appointed a Medical Professor in the Atlanta Medical College. He enjoys the reputation of hav ing done much for the cause of education in the States of Georgia and Alabama. Jones, Joseph. He was a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Con gress, from 1777 to 1778, and again from 1780 to 1783. Jones, Morgan. He was born in New York City, February 26, 1832; was educated at the school of St. James's Church, in New York; early took an in terest in machinery and the business of a machinist, and subsequent!/ adopted the business of a plumber, following the same within four hundred feet of the spot where he was born. In 1858 lie was elected a City Councilman for New York, and, having been four, times re-elected, served as President of the Board for three years ; was subsequently elected to the Board of Aldermen and made President of that body ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Jones, Nathaniel. He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1827 and 1828 ; a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841 ; a State Senator in 1852 and 1853; and also held the offices of Surveyor-General of the State, and Canal Commissioner. He died at Nevvberg, New York, July 21, 1866. Jones, Noble Wiinberly. He was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1775 to 1776, aud again from 1781 to 1783. Jones, Owen. Born in Pennsylva nia; a lawyer by profession, and Repre sentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from his native State. Jones, Roland. Tie was born in North Carolina ; was a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress, from Lou isiana. Jones, Seaborn. He was born in Columbus, Georgia, aud was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1845 to 1847. Jones, Thomas Laurens. He was born in Rutherford County, North Carolina, January 21, 1819; after going through a course of studies at the Colum bian College of South Carolina and at Yale College, he graduated at Princeton, in 1840, and at the Law-School of Cam bridge. After travelling in Europe for two years, he studied law, and came to the bar in 1846 ; he was a member of the State Legislature in 1853 and 1854; often elected a Delegate to State and National Conventions ; and in 1857 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Jones, Walter. Born in Virginia, and educated as a physician at Edinburg, about the year 1770 ; on his return he set tled in Northumberland County, Virginia, where he had extensive practice in his profession. He was a Representative in Congress from 1797 to 1799, and again from 1803 to 1811. He died in Westmore land County, Virginia, December 31, 1815, aged seventy-six years. BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 215 Jones, William. Born in Phila delphia; took an active part in the Rev olutionary struggle, having fought at Trenton and Princeton as a volunteer, and served in several vessels ; he was a Lieutenant under Commodore Truxtou, and was twice wounded and twice made prisoner; in 1790 settled iu Charleston, South Carolina, whence he returned to Philadelphia in 1793;. was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1801 to 1803; and was for a short time Secretary of the Navy, under Pres ident Madison. He was also President of the Bank of the United States; Collector of Customs at Philadelphia; and for twen ty-six years was a member of the Amer ican Philosophical Society, before which he read many valuable communications, which were published. Died at Bethle hem, Pennsylvania, in 1831. Jones, Willie. He was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1781. Judd, Norman B.Re was born in Rome, Oneida County, New York, Jan uary 10, 1815; educated at the Grammar School of that town; studied law and removed to Chicago, 111., in 1836; became an Alderman in the City Council; was also City Attorney, Notary Public, and County Attorney ; was a member of the Illinois Senate from 1844, by repeated elections, until 1860; was appointed by President Lincoln Minister Plenipoten tiary to Prussia in 1861, and held the office until 1865, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the For tieth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Banking and Currency, and Weights and Measures. Judson, Andrew T. Born at East- ford, Connecticut, November 29, 1784; his education was obtained at the common schools, and under the instructions of his father and brother. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1806, when he removed to Montpelier, Vermont, and practised in that State; he afterwards returned to his native town, and in 1809 went to Canterbury, which he made his permanent residence. In 1819 he received the appointment of State's Attorney for Windham County, which, office he held for fourteen years. He was at different times a member of both branches of the Legis lature ; and was a Representative in Con gress from 1835 to 1839, when he was elected Judge of the District Court, and continued in that position until his death. In October, 1850, he was designated, by the Circuit Judge of the Second Circuit, to hold the Courts of the United States in the Southern District of New York during the illness* of the distinguished Judge of that District, and he officiated at the trial of Mr. O'Sullivau, and others, for the at tempted Cuban invasion. Among the causes which were brought before him for adjudication was the libel of the Am- istad and the fifty-four Africans on board. He died at home, March 17, 1853. Julian, George W. Was born in Centreville, Wayne County, Indiana, May 5, 1817; received a good common-school education; spent three years as school teacher; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1840. In 1845 he was elected to the Legislature of Indiana; was a Del egate to the "Buffalo Convention" of 1848 ; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1849 to 1851. In 1852 he was nominated by the "Pittsburg Con vention " for the office of Vice-President of the United States, on the ticket with J. P. Hale for President; and in 1856 he was Vice-President of the "Republican Convention" held at Pittsburg. In 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Indi ana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Public Lands, on Public Expenditures, and the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War ; and in 1862 was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, and was Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, and a mem ber of the Committee on Public Expendi tures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving again at the head of the Public Lauds' Committee, and on that oil Expenses iu the Navy Department. He was also a member of the National Com mittee appointed to accompany the re mains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the additional Committees on the Assassination of President Lincoln, and Education and Labor. JunJcin, Benjamin T. Born iu Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, No vember 12, 1822; educated at Fayetto College ; studied law at Carlisle, and was admitted to the bar in 1844 ; was elected District Attorney for Perry County in 1850, and held the office three years ; and was elected, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Kalbfleisch, Martin. He was born in Flushing, Netherlands, February 6, 1804 ; received a common-school educa tion, and adopted the profession of a chem ist. He came to the United States early in life, and his first public position was that of Health Warden in New York City in 1832. In 1836 he was Trustee of one of the common schools in New York; in 1852 and the two following years Su pervisor of the town of Bushwick, King's County. In 1854 he was appointed Presi dent of a Board of Commissioners for consolidating the cities of Brooklyn, Wil- liamsburg, and Bushwick. In 1855 he was elected an Alderman of Brooklyn, and, 216 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. having been re-elected, was President of the Board of Aldermen from 1857 to 1861 ; during the latter year he was elected Mayor of Brooklyn ; and in 18G2 was elect ed a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures in the Treasury De partment. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866 ; and in 1867 he was again elected Mayor of Brooklyn. Kane, Ellas K. He was born in New York State about the year 1795, and was bred to the legal profession. At an early period of his life he went to Tenne- see, and finally settled in Kaskaskia, in Illinois Territory, in 1815. In 1818 he was a member of the Convention for framing a State Constitution, and when that gov ernment was organized, he was appointed Secretary of State, lie was subsequently elected a member of the Legislature ; and from 1825 to 1835 he was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Private Laud Claims. He died at Washington, District of Columbia, December 12, 1835. Kasson, John A. He was born near Burlington, Vermont, January 11, 1822; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1842; studied law in Massachusetts, and practised the profession in St. Louis, Missouri, until 1857, when he removed to Iowa. In 1858 he was appointed a Com missioner to report upon the condition of the Executive Departments of Iowa; as sisted in 1859 in organizing the State Bank of Iowa, and became Director for the State. In 1861 he was appointed Assist ant Postmaster-General, which office he resigned in 1862, when he was elected a llepresentative, from Iowa, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Ways and Means. During the sum mer of 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to the Interna tional Postal Congress at Paris, returning in August. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations and the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chairman of the Commit tee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. On his retiring from Congress in 1867 he was appointed a Special Commissioner to Europe for the Post Office Department, and on his return was elected to the Leg islature of Iowa. Kaufman, David S. Born in Cum berland, Pennsylvania, in 1813; graduated at Princeton* College in 1833; not long after he removed to Natchez, Mississippi, and read law in the office of General Quit- man. In 1835 he settled in Natchitoches, Louisiana. In 1837 he emigrated to Na- cogdoches, in Texas, and in 1838 was elected a Representative in the Texan Con gress ; he was twice re-elected, and twice chosen Speaker of the House. In 1843 he was elected to the Senate, and from the Committee on Foreign Relations, in 1844, presented a report in favor of annexation, and took an active part in its consumma tion. In 1845 he was appointed Charge to this government, but that office was super seded by the final act of annexation, and he was elected one of the first members of the House of Representatives, from Texas, serving from 1846 to 1851. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, Janu ary 13, 1851. Kavanagh, Edivard. He was born April 27, 1795 ; adopted the profes sion of law; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1826, 1828, 1842, and 1843; Secretary of the State Senate in 1830; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1835; when he was appointed Charge d'Affaires to Portugal, where he remained until 1841. In 1842 he was a Commissioner for settling the North-east Boundary ; and was Acting Governor of Maine from 1843 to 1844; and for a short time President of the State Senate. He died at Newcastle, Maine, January 20, 1844. Kean, John. He was a Delegate, from South Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 1787. Kearney, Dyre. He was a Dele gate, from Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1786 to 1788. Keese, Richard. Born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1829. Keim, George May. Born in Read ing, Berks County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1805. He received a liberal education and studied law in Philadelphia. Declin ing the active pursuit of the profession, he devoted himself to banking, and spent much of his leisure time in studying geol ogy and mineralogy, and became a col lector of paintings, of which he had a rare and valuable collection. He was Major- General of the military district in which he lived; was a member of the Convention to revise the Constitution of Pennsylvania, and was elected to the Twenty-fifth Congress, from Pennsylvania, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry A. Muhlenberg, and afterwards to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses. Under the administrations of President Tyler and of President Polk, he was United States Marshal for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Died in the summer of 1862. Keiin, William High. Born in Reading, Pennsylvania. June 25, 1813 ; was educated at Mt. Airy Military Academy ; BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 217 entered into the hardware business, in which he continued until 1855. He gave much attention to military matters, filling every office up to and including that of Major-General of his district. Was Mayor of Heading. Elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Pennsylvania, to fill the unexpired term of Mr. J. Glancy Jones ; in 18GO was elected Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he was called into the field as a Major-General of the Militia, and held the second command under General Patterson, with whom he marched into Virginia. At the expiration of the three mouths' service, he was commissioned by Presi dent Lincoln as Brigadier-General of Vol unteers, and entered upon the campaign of 18G2 under General McClellan. He sickened with typhoid fever, in front of Yorktown, and died in May of that year. Keitt, Latvrence M. He was born in Orangeburg District, South Carolina, October 4, 1824 ; graduated at the College of South Carolina in 1843; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1845; was elected to the State Legislature in 1848 ; and in 1853 to a seat in the National House of Representatives, having been regularly re-elected until December 1860, when he resigned, serving in the Thirty-fifth Con gress as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Just be fore leaving Congress, he was elected to the Seceding Convention of South Caro lina, and subsequently took an active part in the great Rebellion as a member of the Confederate Congress. Killed in battle, in Virginia, iu June, 18G4. Kelley, William J). Was born in Philadelphia, in the spring of 1814; re ceived a good English education; com menced life as a reader in a printing- office ; spent seven years as an apprentice in a jewelry establishment; removed to Boston and followed his trade there for four years, devoting some attention to lit erary matters ; returned to Philadelphia, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and held the office for some years of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Philadelphia. In addition to his many political speeches, a number of literary addresses have been published from his pen. He was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Expend itures on Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library, Naval Affairs, and on Freedmen. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 186G ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old committees and as Chairman of that on Weights and Measures. Kellogg, Charles. He was a native of Berkshire County, Massachusetts; served six years iu the New York Assem bly, from Cayuga County, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827. Kellogg, Francis W. Born in Worthington, Hampshire County, Massa chusetts, May 30, 1810; received a limited education, and, having removed to Michi gan, entered into the business of lumber ing. He served in the Legislature of Michigan, and was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions; was re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Lands, and on Expenditures in the Post Office Department ; and was also re-elected ft to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of Internal Revenue for Alabama. Kellogg, Orlando. He was born in Elizabethtown, New York, June 18, 1809; studied law, and Avas admitted to the bar in 1838 ; in 1840 he was appointed Surrogate of Essex County, wh'tch office he held for four years ; was elected in 1846 a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirtieth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and on the Militia; and in 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but died before taking his seat, at Elizabethtown, August 24, 1865. Kellogg, William. Born in Ashta- bula County, Ohio, July 8, 1814, and re moved to Illinois in 1837. His education was obtained in the common schools of the country, and having studied law, he ac quired an extensive practice in the dis trict, of disputed land titles in Illinois. He served in the State Legislature in 1849 and 1850, and was three years Judge of the Circuit Court of Illinois, and elected a Representative, from that State, to tli3 Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Public Expendi tures. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Judiciary Commit tee, and on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Judiciary Committee, and that on Government Expenditures. In 1864 he was appointed by President Lincoln Minister to Gautemala, and in 1856 Chief Justice of Nebraska Territory, by President Johnson. Kelly, James* He was a Represent- 218 BIOGEAPHICAL EECOKDS. ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1809. Kelly, John. Born in the City of. New York, April 21, 1821; educated at the public schools in that city ; by trade a mason; was Alderman of the city for two years ; and elected a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. In October, 1858, he was elected High Sheriff for the City and County of New York. He was also a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1861. Kelly, William. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Louisiana, during the years 1821 and 1822; and a Senator in Congress, from 1822 to 1825. Kelsey, William H. He was born in Smyrna, New York, October 2, 1812; adopted the profession of law; in 1840 he was appointed Surrogate of Livingston County ; in 1850 District Attorney of the same County ; was elected a Representa tive, from New York, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Agriculture; and re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations. Kelso, John JB. Born in Franklin County, Ohio, March 21, 1831; educated at Pleasant Ridge College, Missouri; was for a time the Principal of an academy ; served through the war for the Union as a Lieutenant and Captain, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Mis souri, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Post OiHce and Post Roads. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven tion " of 1866. Kenible, Gouverneur. He was born in New York, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from 1837 to 1841. Kempshall, Thomas. He was born in England, aud, having emigrated to New York, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Kenan, Thomas. Born in Duplin County, North Carolina, in 1771. In 1799 he was a member of the House of Dele gates ; served in the State Senate in 1804 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1805 to 1811. He subsequently removed to Alabama, where he served for many years in the Legislature of that State, but declined a re-election to Congress. Died near Sel- ma, October 22, 1843. Kendall, Jonas. He was born at Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1757; ob tained a finished education by his own un aided exertions ; served thirteen years in the Legislature of Massachusetts ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. Died in Leominster, Massachusetts, October 22, 1844. Kendall, Joseph G. Born in 1788; graduated at Harvard College in 1810, and was a tutor in that University from 1812 to 1819. He was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1823 to 1833; and then appointed Clerk of thy State Courts. He died at Worcester, Mas sachusetts, October 2, 1847. Kennedy, And reiv. Born in Ohio, in 1810; was bred a blacksmith, and at the age of nineteen could neither read nor write. He subsequently studied law, and was a member of the State Senate of In diana; and represented that State in Con gress from 1841 to 1847. He died at Muu- cietowu, Indiana, December 31, 1847. Kennedy, Anthony. Born in Balti more, Maryland, in 1811; removed, when ten years of age, to Virginia; educated at Jefferson Academy, Charlestovvn, Vir ginia ; studied law, but abandoned it, and subsequently engaged in the manufacture of cotton aud in planting. He was a mem ber of the Legislature of Virginia from 1839 to 1843, and an unsuccessful candi date for Congress from Virginia; re moved to Baltimore in 1850, and was elected to the Maryland Legislature in 1856, serving as Chairman of the Commit tee on Ways and Means, and by that body elected to the United States Senate for six years from March 4, 1857, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims, aud on the District of Co lumbia. Kennedy, John P. He was born in Baltimore, October, 1795. He studied law, and practised in that city until 1838, when he was elected to the House of Rep resentatives, in the Federal Legisla ture, and served in that body through the Twenty-fifth, Twenty-seventh, and Twenty-eighth Congresses; elected in 1846 to the House of Delegates of Mary land (of which he had been a member in the sessions of 1820 and 1822) ; he was made Speaker, and took an active part in the measure which was then adopted to resume the payment of the State debt, and the restoration of the public credit. Since 1847, he has held no local political post, but has devoted his time to literary pur suits. His last national position was that of Secretary of the Navy, under Pres ident Fillmore. In 1849 he was chosen by the Regents of the University of Mary land to preside over that institution, as Provost, which position Tie now occu pies. Among his various political tracts, speeches, reports, and addresses, which BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 219 have been published, are "A Review of Mr. Cambreling's Free-Trade Report, by Mephistopheles," in 1830 ; " The Memorial of the Permanent Committee of the New York Convention of Friends of Domestic Inclustiy," in 1833 ; an elaborate report on "The Commerce and Navigation of the United States, by the Committee of Com merce" (of which Mr. Kennedy was Chairman), in 1842 ; and a report from the same Committee on " The Warehouse System," in 1843. Besides these, he has published several pamphlets and tracts, in defence of the protective system. In the field of general literature, he is known to the public as the author of "Swallow Barn; a Sojourn in the Old Dominion," "Horseshoe Robinson," "Rob of the Bowl," "Quod Libet," "Memoirs of the Life of William Wirt, late Attorney-Gen eral of the United States," sundry histori cal, biographical, and literary discourses, essays and reviews, which have not yet been collected into volumes. He was an active member of the Historical Society of Maryland, and for a long time its Vice- President. Kennedy, William. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805, from 1809 to 1811, from 1813 to 1815. Kennett, Luther M. He was born in Falmouth, Pendleton County, Ken tucky, March 15, 1807; received a good English and classical education ; was for a number of years Deputy Clerk of Pendle ton and Campbell counties; he studied law, and in 1825 removed to Missouri, where he engaged in mercantile pursuits ; having settled in St. Louis in 1842, he was elected to the councils of that city ; in 1849 he was Chairman of the " Pacific Railroad Convention," held in St. Louis, and subse quently Vice-President of the company formed for commencing the work; in 1850 he was elected Mayor of St. Louis, and re-elected in 1851 and 1852. In 1853 he was elected President of the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Mis souri (St. Louis District), from 1855 to 1857. Kennon, William* He was born in Pennsylvania, and, having emigrated to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833, from 1833 to 1837, and from 1847 to 1849. Kent, JosepJi. Born, in 1779, in Cal- vert County, Maryland ; was educated for physician, and combined the practice of his profession with the pursuits of agri culture. He was a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1811 to 1815, and from 1821 to 182G ; Governor of Maryland from 182G to 1829 ; and United States Senator from 1833 to 1837. He died near his residence, in the vicinity of Bladeusburg, Maryland, November 24, 1839. Kent, Moss. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1807 and 1810, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817. Kenyan, William 8. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims. Kernan, Francis. He was born in Steuben County, New York, January 14, 1816 ; received his education at the George town College, District of Columbia; adopted and practised the profession of law ; held for a time the office of Reporter of the Court of Appeals ; served in the State Legislature; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. He was also a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867. Kerr, John* He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from, 1813 to 1817. Kerr, John. He was born in North Carolina, received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1853 to 1855 ; and was subse quently elected to the House of Commons of that State. Kerr, John Bosman. Born at Easton, Talbot County, Maryland, March 5, 1809 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1830. He studied law at Easton, and was admitted to the bar in 1833 ; was a member of the General Assembly of Marj r - land from 1836 to 1838 ; and from 1847 to 1849 he acted as Deputy for the Attorney- General of Maryland for Talbot County. From 1849 to 1851 he was a Representa tive in Congress, and at the end of the session was appointed by President Fill- more Charge d'Aflfaires to the Republic of Nicaragua. During the revolution of 1851 he had the good fortune, as the National Representative in Central America, to bring about an armistice, and was instru mental in saving the lives of leading offi cers of the revolutionary party, for which he received a formal expression of thanks from the Executive on leaving the coun try; and in 1853 the Congress of the United States voted him an extra sum for services in Central America. In 1854 he resumed the practice of his profession in the City of Baltimore, and subsequently held an office under the Attorney-General in Washington, after which he was ap 220 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. pointed Deputy Solicitor of the Court of Claims. He was the sou of J. L. Kerr. Kerr, John L. He was born at Grcenbury Point, near Annapolis, Mary land, January 15, 1780; graduated at St. John's College in 1799; studied law with John Leeds Bozraan, and practised the profession with success ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833 ; he was also a Senator in Congress from 1841 to 1843. He was a member of the "National Convention" held at Har- risburg in 1839, and at the head of the electoral ticket for President during the same year. Before entering Congress, he was the Agent of Maryland in the prose cution of militia claims against the United States. He died at his homestead, iu Maryland, February 21, 1844. Kerr, Joseph. He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1814 to 1815, having succeeded Thomas Worthington. Kerr, Michael C. Born near Titus- ville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1827; was chiefly self-educated, but studied at several academies ; for a time taught school; studied law in the University of Louisville, and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. After a brief residence in Kentucky he settled at New Albany, Indiana. In 1856 he was elected for two years to the State Assembly ; in 1862 he was elected Reporter to the Su preme Court of the State, and published five volumes ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and on Accounts. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and Roads and Canals. Kerrigan, James E. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, leaving his seat for a time to serve as a Colonel of Volunteers in the troubles of 1861. Kershaw, John* He was a native of South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815, when he was appointed, by President Madison, one of the three Commissioners to run the Creek boundary lines. Ketcham, John H. He was born in Dover, Duchess County, New York, December 21, 1831 ; received an academi cal education, and adopted the occupation of a farmer. He was for two years Super visor of his native town ; was a member of the Assembly in 1856 and 1857 ; of the State Senate in*1860 and 1861. In 1862 he entered the militaiy service, and as Colo nel of the One Hundred and Fiftieth New York Volunteers served until January, 1865, when he was made a Brigadier-General by brevet, which position he resigned iu March, 1865, having previously been elect ed a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. He was also one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of Gen eral Scott in 1866. Re-elected to the For tieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment, and Military Affairs. Key, Philip. Was born in St. Ma ry's County, Maryland, in 1750; received a classical and commercial education ; was devoted to agricultural pursuits; served a number of years in the Legislature of Maryland, and was for one or two terms Speaker. He also rendered some service in the Municipal Courts of his native county. His service as a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, was from 1791 to 1793. Died in his native place in January, 1820. Key, Philip Bart on. Born in Ce cil County, Maryland, iu 1765; was liber ally educated ; entered the English army as a Captain, and when the Revolutionary war broke out he refused to bear arms against the Colonies ; he had a small com mand and some service atPensacola, Flor ida, where he was a hard student; and after the peace he returned to Maryland, where he took a high position as a law yer. He also represented Annapolis in the State Legislature. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1807 to 1813, and died at George town, District of Columbia, July 28, 1815. Keyes, Elias. He was born in Ash- ford, Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1821 to 1823. From 1803 to 1818 he was a State Councillor; and a member of the Legisla ture of Vermont, for a period of eighteen years, from Stockbridge County. Kidder, David. He was born in Dresden, Lincoln County, Maine, Decem ber 8, 1787; received a classical education from private tutors; studied law, and set tled in Somerset County, where he was County Attorney from 1811 to 1823; was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1823 to 1827 ; and a member of the State Legislature in 1829. Died Novem ber 1, 1860. Kidivell, Zede7ciah.He was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, January 4, 1814; was educated by his father; studied medicine, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1839. After practising medicine some years, he commenced in 1848 the study of law, and began to practise as a lawyer in 1849 ; he served a number of years in the Legisla- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 221 ture of Virginia; was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" in 1840 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1853 to 1857. * In 1857 he was elected one of three Commissioners to superintend the public works for the State of Virginia, representing in that board the Third District. Kilbourn, James. Born in New Britain, Connecticut, October 19, 1770. While apprenticed as a farmer's boy he re ceived instruction in Latin and Greek and mathematics from the son of his employer ; was next a mechanic, then a merchant and manufacturer, and finally studied divinity, and became a clergyman of the. Episcopal Church. In 1803 he was instrumental in forming an emigrating colony to Central Ohio, called the " Scioto Company." A town was soon organized, and named "Worthington. In 1805 he was appointed by Congress to the office of United States Surveyor of Public Lands ; and in 1806 he was chosen by the Legislature a member of the Board of Trustees of Ohio College, at Athens. In 1812 he was appointed by the President a Commissioner to settle the boundary between the Public Lands and the Virginia Reservation, and also commissioned as Colonel of the Frontier Regiment. He was one of the Commission ers for locating Miami University, and President of the Board of Trustees of Worthington College. From 1813 to 1817 he was a Representative in Congress from Ohio. In 1823 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature, serving on fourteen com mittees, and was re-elected in 1838, and subsequently devoted much attention to matters of State policy. He died in Worthiugton, Ohio, April 24, 1850. Kilgore, David. He was born in Harrison County, Kentucky, April 3, 1804, and removed with his father to Indiana in 1819, and settled in Franklin County. He received a common-school education, and commenced the study of law in 1825, and was admitted to practice in 1830, and re moved to Delaware County. In 1833 he was elected to the State Legislature, and served several years. In 1839 he was elected by the Legislature President Judge of the Judicial Circuit in which he re sided, and held the office seven years. In 1850 he was a Delegate to the Constitu tional Convention of the State. In 1854 was again elected to the Legislature, and was Speaker of the House. In 185G he was elected a Representative from Indi ana to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Committee on Expendi tures in the Treasury Department, and that on the District of Columbia. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Unioa Convention " of 18G6. Kilgore, Daniel. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative iu Congress from Ohio, from 1835 to 1839. Died in New York, December 12, 1851. Kille, Joseph. He was born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Killinger, John W. Born in Penn sylvania, and was elected a Representa tive from that State to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Mileage, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department. In 1863 he was appointed Assessor of Internal Revenue for the Tenth District of Pennsylvania. Kincaid, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress from Kentucky, from 1829 to 1833. King, Adam. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1833, and died May 6, 1835. King, Austin A. He was born in Sullivan County, Tennessee, September 20, 1801 ; received as good an education as the country then afforded ; studied law, and was licensed to practise on becoming of age; removed to Missouri in 1830; in 1834 was elected to the Missouri Legisla ture; re-elected to the same position in 1836 ; in 1837 he was appointed a Circuit Judge for Ray County, which position he held until 1848, when he was elected Gov ernor of Missouri, the term of that office expiring in 1853; in 1862 he was again placed upon the bench in his old circuit, and during that year was elected a Repre sentative, from Missouri, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the Judiciary. King, Cyrus. Born in Scarborough, Massachusetts, September 6; 1772; grad uated at Columbia College in 1794; was private Secretary to Ral'us King, his half brother, in 1796; studied law, and prac tised twenty years in Saco ; was a Major- General of Militia; and was a Represent ative in Congress from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817. Died April 25, 1817. King, Daniel Putnam. Born in Danvers, Massachusetts, iu 1800; gradu ated at Harvard in 1823. At first he con templated the study of the law, but soon abandoned it for the practice of agricul ture. In 1836 and 1837 he was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature; in 1838 and 1839 a member of the State Senate; and in 1840 and 1841 President of that body; Speaker of the House in 1843, and during that year he was elected a Rep resentative iu Congress, and held that po- 222 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sition until his death, which occurred in Danvers, July 25, 1850. King, George C. He was born in Rhode Island, and graduated at Brown University in 1825 ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Was Presidential Elector in 1849. King, Henri/. Born in Hampden, Hampshire County, Massachusetts. Stud ied law at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, and began the practice of it at Allentown, in the same State, about the year 1815. He was a member of the Senate of Pennsyl vania, when he was elected a Representa tive in the Twenty-second Congress ; and re-elected to the Twenty-third. He sepa rated from the Democratic party on the question growing out of the removal of the government deposits from the Bank of the United States. Retiring from po litical life, he resumed the practice of law. He died July 13, 1861, aged seventy-one years. King, J~ames. He was born at High wood, New Jersey, in 1791; was taken to England by his father when American Minister, and was educated there, and graduated at Harvard College in 1810; was an eminent merchant and banker in New York City ; and a Repre sentative in Congress from New Jersey, from 1849 to 1851. He died in Highwood, New Jersey, October 3, 1853. King, John. He was born in 1775 ; served in Congress as a Representative, from New York, from 1831 to 1833 ; and died at New Lebanon, New York, Septem ber 1, 183G. King, John A. He was born in New York in 1788 ; educated at Harrow, England; and was devoted somewhat to farming. He was a member of the New York Assembly from 1819 to 1821; and re-elected in 1832 and in 1840, from Queen's County; and in 1823 he was elected to the State Senate. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1851; and was also Governor of New York from 1856 to 1858. Rufus King, the diplomatist, was his fa ther, and James G. King, of New Jersey, was his brother. He was also appointed Secretary of Legation at London in 1826, and, on the return of his father, acted as Charge d'Affaires. In 1859 he was a Del egate to the "State Convention" held at Saratoga ; and a Presidential Elector in 1860. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace Congress" of 1861 ; to the Phila delphia " National Union Convention" of 1866; and to the State "Constitutional Convention" of 1867. Died at Jamaica, Long Island, July 7, 1867. King, John JP. He was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1833 to 1837. King, PerJcins. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1827, and a Representative in Congress from that State from 1829 to 1831. King, Preston. He was born in Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York, October 14, 1806; graduated at Union Colledge; studied law and prac tised the profession ; during the adminis tration of Andrew Jackson he established and edited the " St. Lawrence Republican," and in 1834 was appointed Postmaster of Ogdensburg; was a member of the New York Legislature in 1835, 1836, 1837, and 1838; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1853 ; in 1857 he was elected a Senator in Congress, which po sition he retained until 1863, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu tionary Pensions. During his service in the Senate he was Chairman of the Na tional Republican Committee ; was a Del egate to the "Baltimore Convention" in 1864, and a Presidential Elector in the same year; and in the summer of 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Collector of the Port of New York. He was drowned in the harbor of New York, November 13, 1865, having, as it is sup posed, while in a fit of derangement, thrown himself overboard from a ferry boat. On the day that his successor in the Custom House entered upon his du ties, in May, 1866, the body of the deceased was picked up in the Hudson River, and was buried with suitable honors. King, Rufus. He was born in Scar borough, Maine, in 1755; was educated at Duminer Academy, in Newbury, Massa chusetts; graduated at Harvard College in 1777; in 1778 he was Aide-de-camp to Sullivan in his expedition against the British in Rhode Island; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in Newbury- port, Massachusetts, in 1780; he was elected from that town to the State Legis- ture; in 1784 was elected a Delegate to Congress, at Trenton was a member of the State Convention of Massachusetts, held in 1787 ; he was a member of the Con vention which formed the Federal Consti tution, and signed that instrument; re moving to New York City in 1778, he was, in 1789, elected a Senator in Congress, and served his entire term, and was re- elected to the same position in 1813, re maining in that capacity until 1825. At the close of his first term in the Senate, he was appointed, by President Washing ton, Minister to England, where he re mained through the whole of President Adams's term, and during two years of President Jefferson's term. In 1825 Pres- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 223 ident John Quincy Adams again appointed him Minister to England, but bad health prevented him from entering upon his du ties ; and, returning home, he died at Jamaica, Long Island, April 29, 1827. As a statesman, diplomatist, and political writer, lie displayed great abilities, and he was the author of many of the papers written on the British Treaty, in 1794, over the signature of Camilius ; as a man, he was universally respected and beloved. King, Rufus H. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. He was subsequently President of the New York State National Bank, at Al bany, and also of the Albany Insurance Company. A gentleman bearing the same name was appointed Minister to Rome. King, T. Butler. He was born in Hampclcn, Hampshire County, Massachu setts, August 27, 1804 ; was educated at Westfield Academy ; studied law, and re moved to Georgia in 1823, where he de voted himself to planting. In the years 1S32, 1834, 1835, and 1837, he was a mem ber of the State Senate ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1839 to 1843, and again from 1845 to 1847, and for another term ending with 1849, serving much of the time on the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which he took especial interest. He was also a member in 1833 of the " Milledgeville Con vention," in 1836 of the "Macon Railroad Convention," and in 1840, of the "Young Men's Convention" at Baltimore; besides serving as the President of various canal and railroad companies. He subsequent ly became a resident of California, but returned to Georgia, and was elected, in 1859, a Senator in the State Legislature. He was, for two years, Collector of the Port of San Francisco ; was identified with the great Rebellion as a Commission er to Europe; and died in Georgia, May 10, 1864. Ring, William B. Born in N.rth Carolina, April 7, 1786 ; received a good education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1800 ; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1811 to 1816; he resigned that position and accompanied William Piuckney to Europe as Secretary of Legation; and, on his return from Europe, settled in the Territory of Alabama, and devoted him self to planting. He was a member of the Convention which formed the State Con stitution of Alabama; in 1819 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ala bama, where he continued until 1844, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands, Commerce, and other im portant committees; in that year he was appointed Minister to France, and contin ued there two years; inl84Ghewas again elected to the United States Senate, where he remained until elected Vice-Presidcnt of the United States in 1852. During the Twenty-fourth, Twenty -fifth, Twenty- sixth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Con gresses, he officiated as President pro tern, of the Senate, and as a presiding officer, as well as a man, commanded uni versal respect. At the time of his elec tion as Vice-President his health was feeble, and, when the time arrived for taking the constitutional oath of that office, he was in Cuba, and the oath was administered by the American Consul there. He returned to his plantation at Cahawba, Alabama, April 17, 1853, and died the following day. Kingsburi/, William W. Born in Towanda, Bradford County, Pennsyl vania, June 4, 1828. He was self-educated ; he was bred a farmer, emigrated to Min nesota, and in the year 1855 was first elected a member of the Minnesota Legis lature, and again in 1856. In 1857 was Delegate to the Convention for framing a Constitution for Minnesota, and elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress. Kinloch, Francis. He was a Dele gate, from South Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1780 to 1781. Kinnard, George L. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 1837, and died at Cincinnati, November 26, 1838, from injuries received on the sixteenth of that mouth on board the steambort Flora, which exploded near that city. JLinney, John Fitch. Born in New Haven, Oswego County, New York, April 2, 1816 ; received an academical education, studied law, settled in Marysville, Ohio, and was admitted to practice at " Court and Bane "in 1837. In 1839 he removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he prac tised law until 1844, when he removed to Lee County, Iowa ; held the office of Sec retary of the Legislative Council for the Territory, and also that of District At torney. Upon the admission of Iowa as a State, he was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, holding the office two years, when he was elected to the same by the Legislature for six years. In 1853 he was appointed by Pres ident Pierce Chief Justice of the Supremo Court of Utah, and went to that Territory in 1854; in 1857 removed to Nebraska Territory, and settled in the practice of law ; in 1860, by President Buchanan, he was again appointed Chief Justice of Utah, holding that office until 1863, when he was elected, by a unanimous vote, a Delegate from Utah to the Thirty-eighth Congress. Kinsey, Charles. He was a Repre- 224 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sentativc in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1817 to 1819, and from 1820 to 1821. Kinsej/, James. He was a Dele- pate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1775, when he re signed his seat. He was active in the cause of the Kevolution, and was a mem ber of the Committee of Correspondence for Burlington County. In 1789 he was appointed Chief Justice of New Jersey. He died at Burlington, January 4, 1802, aged seventy. Kinsley, Martin. He was born in Bridgewater, Massachusetts, June 2, 1754; graduated at Harvard University in 1778, and studied medicine; performed some service in the Revolutionary war, and was chosen a Delegate to the Convention for forming the Constitution of his native State; served in the Legislature of Mas sachusetts about thirty years ; he was also at different periods a member of the State Council; a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; Judge of Probate ; and a [Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1819 to 1821. He died June 20, 1835. KirMand, Joseph. He was born in Old Norwich, Connecticut, in 1771; graduated at Yale College in 1790; re moved to Utica, New York, and was the first Mayor of that City ; served frequently in the State Legislature ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823. He died at Utica, Jan uary 26, 1844. Kirkpatrickf Littleton, Bora in New Brunswick, New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1815 ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1843 to 1845. He was also for five years Surro gate of the County of Middlesex. Died August 15, 1859. JKirkpatricJc, William. HQ was born in Amwell, Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in November, 1763 ; was educated at Princeton College, graduating in 1788 ; studied medicine, and was admitted to practice in 1795 ; in 1806 he removed to Salina, New York, and became Superin tendent of the Salt Springs ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1807 to 1809, from New York ; and died of cholera, at Salina, September 2, 1832. KirJcwood, Samuel /". He was born in Harford County, Maryland, De cember 20, 1813, and received an academi cal education in Washington City. In 1835 he removed to Ohio, where he studied law and came to the bar in 1843; for four years he was Prosecuting Attorney of Richland County; was a member of the State " Constitutional Convention " of 1850 ; removed to Iowa in 1855 ; was elect ed to the Senate of that State in 1856; was Governor of Iowa from the beginning of I860 to the beginning of 1864; and in January, 1866, was elected a Senator in Congress, from Iowa, for the unexpired term of James Ilarlan, ending in March, 1867, and serving on the Committees on Pensions and Public lands. Kirtland, Dorrance. He was born in New York; graduated at Yale College, in 1789 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819. JLitchell, Aaron. Born in Morris County, New Jersey; was a warm sup porter of the Revolution; a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1791 to 1793, from 1794 to 1797, and from 1799 to 1801 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1805 to 1809, when he resigned. He was also a member of the State Legis lature. Kitchen, BetJiuel M. He was born in Berkeley County, West Virginia, March 21, 1812; received a common-school edu cation, and adopted the occupation of a farmer; in 1861 and 1862 he was elected to the Legislature of Virginia; in 1863 a Representative from that State to the Thirty-eighth Congress, but was not ad mitted to his seat; in 1864 he was elected to the Senate of West Virginia, and in 1866 a Representative from West Virginia to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Expenses in the Treasury Department. Kittera, John W. He was a grad uate of Princeton College in 1776; and a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1791 to 1801, when he was appointed United States District At torney for the Eastern District of Penn sylvania. Kittera, Thomas. HQ was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, ^fom 1826 to 1827. Kittredge, George W. He was born in New Hampshire ; a physician by profession ; a member of the Legislature for three years, in 1847, 1851, and 1852, officiating as Speaker in 1852 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Klingensmith, Jr., John. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Knapp, AntJiony L. Born in Mid- dletovvn, Delaware County, New York, June 14, 1823 ; removed with his father to Illinois in 1839; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1849, settling in the BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. 225 town of Jersey ville ; in 1858 he was elect ed to the Senate of Illinois, attending the sessions of 1859 and 1861 ; and in the latter year he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Rev olutionary Pensions. In 18G2 he was re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Knapp, CJiauncey L. He was born in Berlin, Vermont, February 26, 1809. He commenced active business life by serving an apprenticeship of seven years in a printing-office in Montpelier; was elected Reporter for the Legislature in 1833 ; was co-proprietor and editor forsome years of the " State Journal ;" was elected Secretary of the State in 1836, in which capacity he served four years; and re moving to Massachusetts he was elected Secretary of the Massachusetts Senate in 1851 ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Ter ritories. To him was awarded the credit, while editing the "Journal, "of first nom inating General Harrison for the Presi dency, which resulted in his obtaining the electoral votes of Vermont four years before he was really elected. Mr. Knapp's tastes have led him to the study of me chanics, and in all his public positions he has paid particular attention to the me chanical interests of his constituents. Knickerbocker, Herman.~Ke was born in New York in 1780, and was a de scendant, in the third generation, of one of the original emigrants to New York. He early engaged in politics, and was a member of Congress, from 1809 to 1811, as a Federalist; but during President Jackson's administration he became a Democrat. He died in Williamsburg, New York, January 30, 1855. This was the person to whom Irving playfully alluded in the preface to his "Knickerbocker" as " my cousin the Congressman." Knight, Jonathan. Born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, November 22, 1787, and removed with his parents, in 1801, to East Bethlehem, Washington County. He was mostly self-educated, and became a school-teacher, and surveyor of lands. In 1816 he was appointed by the State Gov ernment to make and report a map of his county. He served three years as County Commissioner, and was appointed, in 1827, a Commissioner to extend the National Road between Cumberland and Wheeling through Ohio and Indiana to the eastern line of Illinois. In 1822 he was elected to the Legislature, and served six years. In 1828 he visited England to acquire a thorough knowledge of civil engineering, and on his return was appointed Chief 15 Engineer on the Baltimore and OhioRond. He was elected, in 1854, a Representative, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, from Penn sylvania; after that time he was engaged in agriculture. He died in Washington County, November 22, 1858. Knight, Nehemiah. He was a na tive of Rhode Island ; a farmer by occu pation; a prominent politician of the Federal school, and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1808. Knight, Nehemiah It. Born iu Cranston, Rhode Island, December 31, 1780; was chiefly self-educated; at the age of twenty-two was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1805 he was elected Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in Provi dence ; in 1812 he was chosen Clerk of the Circuit Court, and served until 1817; he was also for many years President of the Roger Williams Bank; he was elected Governor of Rhode Island in 1817, and re- elected in 1819 and 1820; he was appoint ed, by President Madison, during the war with England, Collector of Providence; and he was a Senator in Congress, from 1821 to 1841. He was a member in 1843 of the " State Constitutional Convention," after which he retired to private life. He died at Providence, Rhode Island, April 19, 1854. He was a man of sterling char acter, and a true patriot. Knott, 7. Proctor. He was born in Marion County, Kentucky, August 29, 1830; received a good education ; studied law and removed to Missouri in 1850; he was elected to the State Legislature in 1858, but resigned in 1859 ; in 1860 he was elected Attorney-General of the State; was a Delegate to the " Missouri Conven tion " of 1861 ; returned to his native State in 1862; and in 1867 was elected a Repre sentative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee oil Mines and Mining. Knowlton, Ebenezer. He was born in New Hampshire ; was educated for the ministry ; was elected to the Maine Legislature in 1844, 1846, and 1848, serv ing during his second year as Speaker; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1855 to 1857. j James. Born in Canajoharia, Montgomery County, New York, July 4, 1807; graduated at Yale College in 1830; studied law at Utica, New York, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. In 1836 he located at Knoxville, Illinois, where he has since resided, giving his attention chiefly to mecantile and agricultural pursuits. In 1847 he was a member of the " Consti tutional Convention" of Illinois, and in 1852 was elected a Representative in the Thirty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. He subsequently be- 226 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. came blind, and visited Europe with a view of recovering his sight. Kiio.r. Samuel. He was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, having success fully contested the seat occupied by F. B. Blair, Jr., and taking his own seat near the close of the first session. Koontz, William JET. He was born in Somerset, Pa., July 15,1830; received ji common-school education ; adopted the profession of law ; was District Attorney for Somerset County for three years from 1853 ; was Prothonotary and Clerk of the Courts of said County for three years from 1860; and was elected a Represent ative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty- ninth Congress, having successfully con tested the seat of A. H. Coffroth, and serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 18GG ; and was re-elected to the Forti eth Congress, serving on the Committees for the District of Columbia, and Expendi tures in the Interior Department. Krebs, Jacob. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1826 to 1827. Kremer, George. Born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1775, and died in Union County. Pennsylvania, Septem ber 11, 1854. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1829. KuJins, Joseph H. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. KunTcel, Jacob M. Was born in Frederick, Maryland, July 23, 1822 ; grad uated at the University of Virginia in 1843 ; studied law, and commenced prac tice in 1846; and in 1850 was elected to the Maryland Senate for six years, but the change in the State Constitution cut short his term. He was elected a Represent ative from Maryland, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures in the Treasury Depart ment. Also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Accounts; and was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. KunTcel t John C. Born in Pennsyl vania ; a lawyer by profession ; and a member of the Thirty-fourth and Thirty- iifth Congresses from his native State, and a member of the Committee on Claims. Kurtz, William JET. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. KuyTcendall, Andrew J. He was born in Gallatin County, Illinois, March 3, 1815 ; was chiefly self-educated ; studied, adopted, and practised the profession of law. From 1842 to 1846 he was a mem ber of the Illinois Legislature, and in the State Senate from 1850 to 1862. As a vol unteer, he entered the Thirty-first Regi ment of Illinois Infantry in 18C1, was elected Major, and served until 1862, when he resigned on account of his health ; and in 1864 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Illinois, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and on Mileage. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention" of 1866. Labranch, Alcea. He was born in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. LacocTc, Abner.Bom in Virginia in 1770. Without the advantage of much early education, he raised himself by his talents to eminence as a legislator, states man, and civilian. He filled various pub lic stations for a period of nearly forty years ; was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1813, and United States Senator from. 1813 to 1819. He died in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, April 12, 1637. Laflin, Addlson H. He was born in Lee, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, October 24, 1823; graduated at Williams College in 1843; and, having removed to Herkimer County, New York, became ex tensively engaged in the business of man ufacturing paper. In 1857 he was elected to the Senate of New York ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Printing. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, and was again placed at the head of the Committee on Printing, and was a member of that on Manufactures. He was also a Delegate to the " State Repub lican Convention " of 1867. Lahm, Samuel. Born in Leiters- burg, Maryland, April 22, 1812. His edu cation was limited, yet his first earnings were the result of teaching school. In March, 1835, he removed to Indiana, and studied law, and then settled in Ohio. In 1837 he was elected Master in Chancery ; in 1842 a State Senator; at various times to high positions in the Militia ; and to Congress, as a Representative, in 1847, where he remained until 1849. BIOGEAPHICAL RECOEDS. 227 Lake, William A. He was born in Maryland; graduated at Washington Col lege, in Pennsylvania; studied law ; served in the Legislature of Maryland; removed to Mississippi; practised his profession there with success ; was elected to the Senate of that State ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Mississippi, during the Thirty-fourth Congress. Lamar, Henry G. He was born in Georgia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1833. Lamar, L. Q. C. He is a native of Georgia, having been born in 1820; but removed to Mississippi, studied law, and was elected a Representative to the Thir ty-fifth Congress from that State, serving on the Committee on Elections. Re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Joined the great Rebellion in 1861 ; and in 18G7 he was appointed Professor of Law in Mississippi. Lamb, Alfred W. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, form 1847 to 1849. Lambert, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1805 to 1809 ; and from 1809 to 1815 he was a member of the United States Senate. During the years 1802 and 1803 lie performed the duties of Governor of New Jersey; served many years in the Legislature of that State; and died in February, 1823, aged seventy-five years. Lancaster, Columbia. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Washington, during the years 1854 and 1855. Landrum, John 31". He was born in Edgefleld Distiict, South Carolina, July 3, 1815 ; obtained the greater part of his education after he became of age by his own exertions ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1842; taught school and studied law at the same time ; in 1845 removed to Louisiana, and settled at Shreveport; and was elected a Represent ative, from Louisiana, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the Post Office Department. Resigned in February, 1861. Landry, J. Aristide.He was born in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Landy, James. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 13, 1813 ; received his education in his native city; devoted himself for a time to the oc cupation of a builder; studied law, but abandoned the profession, and turned his at ention to mercantile pursuits. He has devoted much of his attention to the Pub lic-School System of Philadelphia, and has held the positions of Commissioner and President of the Board of School Commis sioners. In 1856 he was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-lifth Congress, from Pennsylvania, and was a member of the Committee on Commerce. Lane, Amos. He was born in New York, but emigrated to the Ohio River in 1804; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1833 to 1839, having" previously been a member of the State Legislature, and served one session as Speaker. He was a lawyer of the first ability, and filled a conspicuous place in the history of Indiana. He died in Law- renceberg, in that State, in 1850. He was the father of J. H. Lane. Lane, Henry S. He was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, February 24, 1811 ; received a good common-school education, and, under a tutor, some knowl edge of the classics ; studied law in Ken tucky, but removed to Indiana, and was admitted to the bar in that State; in 1837 he was elected to the Indiana Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1841 to 1843 ; served as a Lieutenant-Colonel of Volunteers under General Taylor, in the war with Mexico, in 1846; in 1859 be was elected to the United States Senate to contest the seat of J. D. Bright, but was denied the seat; in 1861 he was elected Governor of Indiana; but two days after his inauguration he was again elected a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, for the term ending in 1867, serv ing on the Committees on Military Affairs, Pensions, Patents and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Senate, and as Chairman of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. He was one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. His father was Colonel James H. Lane. Lane, James Henry. He was born in Lawrenceburg, Indiana, June 22, 1814 ; on reaching his majority he was elected to the City Council of Lawrenceburg, and frequently re-elected; in a subordinate capacity he took part in the war with Mex ico; in 1849 he was Lieutenaut-Goveruor of Indiana ; was a Representative in Con gress from Indiana, from 1853 to 18*55; settled in Kansas and took an active part in politics ; he was President of the To- peka " Constitutional Convention," and was elected by the people Major-General of the Free State troops ; in 1857 he was President of the Leavenworth " Constitu tional Convention," and again chosen Ma- 228 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. jor-Oeneral of the territorial troops ; on the admission of Kansas into the Union he was chosen a Senator in Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Agriculture ; and he was re-elected for the term ending in 1871, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Agriculture, and a member of that on Territories. During the early part of the Rebellion he was commissioned, by President Lincoln, a Brigadier-General of Volunteers ; and was a member of the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864. On the 1st of July, I860, while at Port Leavenworth, on leave of absence from the Senate on account of deranged health, he shot himself with a pistol, and thus came to his death, lie was a son of Amos Lane. Lane, JosepJi. Born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, December 14, 1801. In his fifteenth year he became a clerk in a mercantile house in Indiana, and in 1822 was chosen a member of the Leg islature of that State, serving in that ca- pacit} 7 , with occasional intervals, until 1S4G. He participated in the war with Mexico, acquitting himself witli credit at Buena Vista and on other fields, and was appointed, by President Polk, a Brigadier- General. In 1849 he was appointed Gov ernor of the Territory of Oregon, without his solicitation, and organized the govern ment ; and was elected a Delegate to Con gress, in 1851, where he was retained by his constituents until the admission of Oregon as a State, when he took his seat as a Senator in Congress in 1859, serving as such until 18G1. In 18GO he was nomi nated for Vice-President on the ticket with Mr. Breckiuridge, but was defeated. Langdon, Chauncei/. He gradu ated at Yale College in 1787 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817, and died in 1830. He also served seven years in the Legislature of the State, and was a State Councillor for nine years. Langdon, John. He was educated for mercantile pursuits, and afterwards prosecuted business on the sea, until the commencement of the controversy with Great Britain. He was one of the party which removed the powder and military stores from Fort William and Mary, at New Castle, New Hampshire, in 1774. In 1775 and 1776 he was chosen a Delegate to Congress from New Hampshire. Com manding a company of volunteers, he served, for awhile, in Vermont and Rhode Island. In his own State, he was, in 1776 and 1777, Speaker of the House, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. In 1779 lie was Continental Agent in New Hamp shire, and contracted for the building of several ships of war. In 1783 he was again appointed a Delegate to Congress ; \vas afterwards repeatedly a member of the Legislature, and Speaker; and was a member of the Convention that framed the Constitution, signing his name to that instrument. In March, 1788, he was chosen Governor of the State, and from 1789 to 1801 he was Senator of the United States, and President of the Senate pro tern, dur ing the First Congress, and part of the Second. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. From 180? to 1808, and again in 1810 and 1811, he was Governor of the State. He died in Portsmouth, Sep tember, IS, 1819, aged seventy-eight. Langdon, Woodbury. He was a Delegate, from New Hampshire, to the Continental Congress, in 1779 and 1780; was a Councillor from 1781 to 1784; a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hamp shire in 1782, and from 1786 to 1790; and died January 13, 1805, aged sixty-five years. Langivorthy, Edward. He was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continen tal Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and was one of the signers of the Articles of Con federation. Lanman, James. Born in Norwich, Connecticut, June 14, 1769 ; graduated at Yale College, in 1788; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1791, and set tled as a lawyer in his native town ; he was a member of the Convention which formed the first Constitution of Connecti cut in 1818 ; served two years in the Lower House of the Legislature in 1817 and 1832, and one year as a State Senator in 1819 ; and was for five years Attorney for the State, for New London County, from 1814 to 1819, acquiring great local distinction by his abilities. lie was elected a Sena tor in Congress, serving from 1819 to 1825, during one Congress as Chairman of the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Contingent Expenses of the Senate, and voted with the South on the Missouri Compromise; during the Sev enteenth Congress, he was at one time member of four committees, viz., that of Commerce and Manufactures, the Militia, District of Columbia, and the Contingent Expenses of the Senate. He was appoint ed, by the Governor, to a second term in the Senate, during the recess of the Leg islature and before the vacancy occurred, and, by a small majority, the Senate de cided that the appointment was without authority of law. He was subsequently Judge of the Supreme and Superior Courts of Connecticut; for three years, from 1826 to 1829, and from 1831 to 1834 he was Mayor of Norwich, where he died August 7, 1841. Lansing, Gerit Y. He was born in Albany, New York, in 1783 ; served four years in the Legislature of that State, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 229 and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1837. He was for many years Chancellor of the Board of Regents of the University of New York; and died at Albany, January 3, 1862. Lansing, John. He was a Dele gate, from New York, to the Continental Congress, from 1784 to 1788 ; and also a member of the Convention, that formed the Federal Constitution, which he op posed, and consequently left the Conven tion, defining his position in a published letter. Lansing, William E. Was born in the town of Sullivan, Madison County, New York, in 1822 ; studied law at Utica, and commenced the practice in 1845 ; in 1850 he was elected District Attorney of Madison County ; in 1857, Clerk of the same county ; and in I860 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on. Indian Af fairs. Laporte, John. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Lamed, Simon. He was a native of Massachusetts; served as Colonel of Militia; was for a time Sheriff of Berk shire County; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, for the uuexpired term of T. J. Skinner; and died in Pittsfield, November 16, 1817, aged sixty-one years. Larrabee, Charles H. Born in Rome, Oneida County, New York, Novem ber 9, 1820 ; when quite young accompa nied his father to Ohio, and was educated at Grauville College ; after devoting some attention to practical engineering, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, at Pontotoc, Mississippi ; in 1844 he settled in Chicago, Illinois, and edited for a time the "Democratic Advocate ;" served one term as City Advocate for Chicago ; in 1847 he settled in Wisconsin, and be came a member of the Convention to form a State Constitution; in 1848 he was elect ed a Circuit Judge, and, after serving ten years, resigned, and was elected a Repre sentative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the War Department. He subsequently entered the army in the volunteer service, and had command, as Colonel, of a regiment from his State. La Sere, Einile. He was born in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1846 to 1847, and also for the two following terms, ending in 1851. Latham, George 12. Born in Princo William County, Virginia, March 9, 1832 ; educated at country schools and at home ; studied law, while teaching school, and was admitted to the bar in 1859 ; edited a campaign paper at Grafton, West Virginia, in 1860; entered the army in 1861 as Cap tain, and was made Colonel of the Second Virginia Infantry ; and he was elected a Representative, "from West Virginia, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving onthu Committees on Printing, and Public Build ings and Grounds. In February, 1867, ho was appointed by President Johnson Cou- sul to Melbourne, Australia. Latham, Milton S. Was born in Columbus, Ohio, May 23, 1827; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in 1845 ; soon afterwards removed to Alaba ma, where he studied law; was appointed in 1848, Clerk of the Circuit Court for Russell County ; removed to California iu 1850, and was there appointed Clerk of tho Recorder's Court in San Francisco ; he was soon afterwards chosen District Attorney for the Counties of Sacramento and El Dorado, which he held in 1851. In 1852 he was elected a Representative, from Cal ifornia, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, declining a re-election ; he was appointed, in 1855, by President Pierce, Collector of San Francisco, which office he held until 1857 ; having been elected Governor of California, three days after his inaugura tion, in January, 1860, he was elected a Senator in Congress, from California, for six years, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, and on Post-Offices and Post Roads. Lathrop, Samuel. Born in Hamp- den County, Massachusetts, in 1771 ; grad uated at Yale College in 1792 ; studied law and attained a high position at the bar ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1818 to 1826. He was also a member of the Massachu setts Senate for ten years, and President of that body in 1829 and 1830. He died in West Springfield, July 11, 1846. Latimer, Henry. lie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1794 to 1795, and a Senator in Con gress from 1795 to 1801, when he resigned. Lattimore, William. Rorn in Nor folk, Virginia, February 9, 1774, where ho received a limited education ; he studied medicine; removed to the Territory of Mississippi; and was a Delegate to Con gress, from that Territory, from 1803 to 1807, and from 1813 to 1817. He was also a Delegate to the Convention which formed the first Constitution of Missis- 230 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sippi; after which he retired to private life, and died April 3, 1813. Laurens, Henry. lie wa? born in South Carolina, and was an early opponent of Great Britain; was a member of the Carolina Congress of 1775, and elected its President; was Vice-President under the temporary Constitution ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1780, and chosen President of that body during the former year, and signed the Ar ticles of Confederation; in 1780 he was sent abroad to negotiate a loan with Holland, but, having been captured by a British vessel off Newfoundland, he was sent to England and imprisoned in the Tower, ibr more than a year, for high treason. The papers taken from his person caused a war between England and Holland. He petitioned Parliament for release, and when set at liberty went to Paris, where he signed the preliminaries of peace in 1782, as a Commissioner appointed by Congress ; returned to America in 1783, and died in Charleston in 1792, in the six ty-ninth year of his age. Law, John. Was born in New Lon don, Connecticut, in 1796; graduated at Yale College in 1814; studied law, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Connecticut, in 1817, and soon afterwards emigrated to the new State of Indiana, locating himself at Vincennes. Soon after arriving in the West he was elected a Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1823 a member of the Legislature ; he was again elected Attorney for his district, and held that position until promoted to a Judgeship, which office he held by re- elections for eight years. In 1838 he was appointed by President Van Buren Re ceiver of Public Moneys at Vincennes, holding the office four years. In 1855 he was appointed by President Pierce Judge of the " Court of Land Claims," to adju dicate the claims of the old inhabitants of Indiana and Illinois, and was reappointed in 1856. He subsequently removed to Evansville, where he resumed the practice of his profession. In 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Library, and on Revo lutionary Pensions. Like'Mr. Charles F. Adams, Mr. John Law can mention the fact, with excusable pride, that his father, Lyman Law, as well as his grandfather, Richard Law, both served their country as members of Congress, and witnessed the same events in our country's history. Amasa Learned, who was also his grand father on his mother's side, was in the first Congress that sat under the Constitution. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture and Revolutionary Pensions, and the Select Committee on Emigration. As Chairman on the Committee on Pen sions, he drew np and reported the bill giving to the soldiers of the Revolution, twelve only surviving, one hundred dol lars per annum, which bill passed unani mously. He is partial to historical studies, and was President of the State Historical Society of Indiana, until his entrance into Congress. Latv, Li/inan. Born at New Lon don, Connecticut, August 19, 1770; grad ated at Yale College, in 1791 ; studied law with his father Richard Law (who was a member of the Continental Congress), and practised at New London. After serving in the Legislature of the State, and being Speaker of the House of Representatives, he was elected to Congress, and repre sented that State in that body from 1811 to 1817. He died in New London, Febru- ry 3, 1842. Law, RicJiard.T&orn at Milford, Connecticut, March 17, 1733; graduated at Yale College in 1751 ; studied law, and practised in New London, attaining the highest eminence in his profession. He was President Judge of the County Court, and Judge of the Supreme Court. Was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 to 1778, and also from 1781 to 1784. After the adoption of the Federal Consti tution he was appointed United States District Judge, which office he held till his death,which occurred January 26, 180G. Lawler, Joab. Born in North Caro lina, June 12, 1796; was educated for the ministry, and became a clergyman of the Baptist Church. In 1826 he was elected to the lower house of the Alabama Legis lature, and was re-elected until 1831, in which year he was elected to the State Senate. In 1832 he was appointed Re ceiver of Public Moneys for the Coosa Land District, and held the office until 1835. In 1833 he was elected Treasurer of the University of Alabama. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ala bama, from 1835 to 1838. He died in Washington, May 8, 1838, during the first session of his second term. Lawrence, Abbott. Born in Groton, Massachusetts, December 16, 1792. His education was obtained at a district school and at Groton Academy ; and in 1808 he went to Boston and became a clerk in the store of his brother Amos. In 1814 he was admitted as a partner in the concern, and for many years the twain prosecuted a very extensive importing buisness, and laid the foundation of their several for tunes. He was the travelling partner and visited Europe a number of times. He subsequently became one of the foremost men in building up American manufac tures, and the flourishing city of Lawrence was the offspring of his enterprise. In 1827 he was a Delegate to the " llarrisburs BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. 231 Convention." He served in the Common Council of Boston in 1831; and was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1885 to 1837, and again in 1839 and 1840. In 1842 he was appointed a Commissioner to arrange the Northeastern Boundary Question ; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; in 1849 he was invited by President Taylor into his cabinet, but declined ; he subse quently accepted, however, the appoint ment of Minister to England, where he acquitted himself with credit. He founded a scientific school in Cambridge, and his gifts and bequests to various charitable and religious societies proved him to be a man of many noble qualities. Died in Boston, August 18, 1855. Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wycle. He was born in Flushing, Long Island, February 28, 1791 ; spent his boyhood working on his father's farm, and acquir ing a good English education; and, on arriving at the age of manhood, removed to New York City, with which, as a business man, he has been identified ever since. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York City, from 1832 to 1834 ; for two years following he was Mayor of the City of New York; in 1836 President of the Electoral College for President; and for twenty years he held the honor able position of President of the Bank of the State of New York. Among other positions of trust and responsibility which, with the above, have tended to give him a high reputation, may be mentioned the fol lowing : Director of the Branch Bank of the United States and the Bank of Amer ica, Trustee of the New York Life and Trust Company, and of numerous Fire and Marine Insurance Companies. In 1856 ill health compelled Mr. Lawrence to retire from the pursuits of active life, and he spent the closing years of his life in peace, on the spot where his ancestors have re sided for two hundred years. Died at Flushing, February 20, 1861. Lawrence, George V. He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1818, his father, Joseph Lawrence, having been in Congress before him. He received a liberal education, and devoted himself to agricultural pursuits; was elected to the State Legislature in 1844, 1847, 1858, and 1859, and to the State Sen ate in 1848, 1849, 1850, 1851, and 1860, offi ciating as Speaker during the last terra; frequently served in the Conventions of the State ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Invalid Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office. Lawrence, John. He was born in the County of Cornwall, England, in 1750, and emigrated to the City of New York in 1767. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1772, and in 1775 was commis sioned in the First New York Regiment, and served to the end of the Revolutionary war, his several grades having been Aide- de-camp to his relative, Colonel McDou- gal, Judge Advocate, and General, in which latter capacity he conducted the court-martial called to try Major Andre. In 1783 he resumed the practice of his profession in New York. In 1785 and 1786 he was a member of the First Con gress. In 1789 he was elected a State Senator, and during that year was elected, by a five-sixths vote, a Representative in the Federal Congress, serving from 1789 to 1793; was appointed by AVashington, in 1794, Judge of the United States" Dis trict Court for New York; and was a Sen ator in Congress from 1796 to 1800, serv ing for a short time as President pro tern. of that body, when he resigned, and retired to private life. He died in 1810. Lawrence, John W. He was born in New York ; served two years in the As sembly of that State, from Queen's County, and was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847. Lawrence, Joseph. He was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania, in 1788; he served for nine years in the State Legis lature, two sessions as Speaker; one year as State Treasurer; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1S29, and again from 1841 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington, District of Columbia, April 17, 1842. Lawrence, Samuel. He was born in New York; served seven years in the Assembly of that State; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from the same, from 1823 to 1825. Lawrence, Sidney. Re was born in Vermont, but removed to New York, and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Lawrence, William. Born in Washington, Guernsey County, Ohio, Sep tember 2, 1814; graduated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, in September, 1835 ; engaged in mercantile and agricultural pursuits; and served in the Ohio Legis lature in 1843. He was a Presidential Elector in 1848 ; a member of the Consti tutional Convention of Ohio in 1850-'51; State Senator in 1856-'57; and elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, officiating as Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the State De partment. 232 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Lawrence, William. Born in Mount Pleasant, Jefferson County, Ohio, June 26, 1819 ; graduated at Franklin Col lege, Ohio, in 1838 ; taught school for a time, and in 1840 graduated with the de gree of L.B. in the Law Department of Cincinnati College, coming to the bar in that year; for one year he was a reporter and correspondent at Columbus for the " State Journal " and other papers ; in 1842 he was appointed Commissioner of Bank rupts for Logan County; in 1845 he was made Prosecuting Attorney for the same County, resigning in one year; from 1845 to 1847 he was the editor and proprietor of the "Logan Gazette;" in 1840 and 1847 he served in the State Legislature; in 1848 Avas a member of the Senate ; in 1851 he was elected Reporter for the Supreme Court of the State; and in 1853 was again returned to the Senate, and was the author of the Ohio Free Banking Law. In 185G he was elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for five years ; re-elected in 1861, but resigned in 1804, when he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. During a part of his legal career he was editor of the " Western Law Monthly ; " in 1802 he had command, as Colonel, of the Eighty- fourth Ohio Volunteers for three mouths; and in 18G3 President Lincoln appointed him a Judge in Florida, which he declined. He Avas also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 186G ; and Avas re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Lawrence, William T. Born in New York City, May 7, 1788 ; he was bred a merchant, and continued such until called into the service of the United States, in the Avar of 1812. as a Militia Captain of Artillery. In 1823 he removed to Cayuga County, New York, and settled on a farm. In 1838, he Avas chosen Coun ty Judge, and from 1847 to 1849 he was a Representative in Congress ; he also served as Delegate to several nominating Con ventions. Laivyer, TJiomas. He Avas a mem ber of the New York Assembly from Schoharie County, in 1816, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from NCAV York, from 1817 to 1819. Lay, George W.lle was born in New York; liberally educated; a lawyer by profession ; and was a member of the New York Assembly, from Gcnesee Coun ty, in 1840, having been a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He Avas also appointed Charge d'Affaires to Swe den, by President Tyler, in 1842. Died at Batavia, New York, October 21, I860. Lazear, Jesse. Was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, December 12, 1804 ; received his early education from his par , and Avorked on a farm until he be came of age ; served as a Clerk in the Re corder's office; in 1829 and 1832 he Avas appointed Register and Recorder for his County; and since that time (until 1804) he has held the position of Cashier of the Farmers' and Drovers' Bank of Waynes- burg. In I860 he was elected a Represent ative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Private Land Claims, and Chairman of that on Expenditures on the Public Buildings ; and in 1802 he Avas re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures, and again on that relating to Public Build ings. He Avas also a Delegate to the Phil adelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Lea, Lu7ce.IIe was born in Surry County, North Carolina, January 20, 1782; removed at an early djiy with his father to Tennessee, Avhere he Avas for several years Clerk of the House of Representatives; he served gallantly in Florida and in the Creek country, under General Jackson, in the Indian Avars. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1833 to 1837, and for thirty years dis charged the duties of Cashier of the State Bank, and Register of the State Land Office of Tennessee. In 1849 he Avas appointed, by President Taylor, Indian Agent of the Fort Leaven worth Agency, and was highly es teemed by the Indians under his charge. He Avas returning to his residence, after making the Indian payments of his agen cy, when he was killed by a fall from his horse, June 17, 1851. Lea, Pryor. Born in Knox County, Tennessee, in 1794 ; Avas educated at Greenville College ; studied law as a pro fession, and was admitted to the bar in 1817. He served with General Jackson in the Creek Avar in 1813; was Clerk to the Legislature in 1816; United States Dis trict Attorney in 1824 ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1827 to 1831. In 1837 he removed to Jack son, Mississippi, and in 1847 to Goliad, Texas. He projected the work calk-d the " Central Transit," for building a railroad from Arkansas Bay to Mazatlan, and Avas President of the Company. LeacJi, De Witt C. Born in Clar ence, Erie County, New York, November 23, 1822. He Avas self-educated; bred a farmer; chosen a member of the Michigan L9gislature in 1849 and 1850 ; and a mem ber of the Convention to revise the State Constitution in 1850; he Avas also State Librarian in 1855 and 1850; and was elect ed a Representative to the Thirty- iifth Congress, from Michigan, serving as a member of the Committee on Revival and Unfinished Business; also elected to the BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 233 Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Afl'airs. Leach, James M. Born in Lands- clowne, Randolph County, North Carolina ; received a good classical education; stud ied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; served ten years in the Legislature of North Carolina; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Revolu tionary Claims. Leadbetter, J>. JP. He was born in Pennsylvania, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1841. Leafte, Shelton F. Born in Albe- marle County, Virginia, November 30, 1812; received a good English educa tion ; taught for three years an " old field school ; " studied law, and in his twenty- fifth year was admitted to the bar; in 1842 he was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates ; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1845 to 1847 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1840 ; in 1851 he was elected Lieutenant-Gover nor of Virginia; was a candidate for Gov ernor in 1854, but was defeated ; and in 1S59 he was re-elected to the Federal House of Representatives for the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of tiie Committee on Manufactures. Took part in the Rebellion. Leake, Walter. Re was a soldier in the Revolutionary war; in 1821 was elected Governor of Mississippi, having previously served as Senator of the United States from 1817 to 1820. He died at Mount Salus, Hinds County, Mis sissippi, November 17, 1825. Learned, Amasa.Vorn in Kil- lingly, Connecticut, November 15, 1750, and died at New London, May 4, 1825. He graduated at Yale College in 1772; studied divinity, but preached for only a short time, and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1801 to 1805. He had been a member of the Con vention which ratified the Constitution of the United States ; in 1818 was a mem ber of the Connecticut " Constitutional Convention;" and afterwards frequently sat in the Assembly of his native State. Leary, Cornelius L. L. Born in Baltimore, October 22, 1813; was edu cated at St. Mary's College, in that city; in 1835 he engaged in business in Louis ville, Kentucky, but returned to Baltimore in 1837 ; in 1838 he was chosen a Delegate to the Maryland Assembly; in 1847 he came to the bar; was a Presidential Elec tor in 1856; and in 1861, at a special elec tion, he was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Leavitt, Humphrey H. He was born in Suffleld, Connecticut, in June, 1796; removed at an early day with his father to the Western Reserve of Ohio; received an academical education ; and adopted the profession of the law, having been admitted to the bar in 1816 ; and he was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1834. He also served in the State Legislature, in the House in 1825 and 1826, and in the Senate in 1827; and he has for many years been Judge of the Dis trict Court of Ohio, having been appointed^ in 1834, by President Jackson. Le Blond, Francis C. Was born in Ohio, and adopted the profession of law; in 1851 he was elected for two years to the State Legislature ; was re-elected in 1853, and served as Speaker of that body; and in 1862 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Ex penditures on the Public Buildings. Lecoinpte, Joseph. He was born in Woodford County, Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1825 to 1833. Lee, Arthur. He was born in Vir ginia in 1740; educated at the University of Edinburgh, where he pursued the study of medicine ; and while pursuing the study of law in the Temple, in London, rendered important, services to his country by ob taining information bearing upon the Rev olution. In 1775 he acted as an agent for his native State and presented to the king the second petition of Congress; from 1776 to 1779 he was Minister to France, and negotiated an important treaty ; also performed the duties of Commissioner to Spain in 1777; resided in Prussia for a time in a semi-official capacity, and did much there to help the American cause; in 1781 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, but was immediately chosen a Delegate to the Continental Congress, where he remained until 1785; before the expiration of his term in Congress, he was delegated to make several treaties with the Indians on the Northern frontier; soon after leaving Congress, he was ap pointed Secretary of the Treasury, Avhich office he held until 1789; and he died In 1792. He stood high as a man of integrity and patriotism. His life was published in 1829 by R. H. Lee, and his Public Letters were published in Sparks's Diplomatic Correspondence. Lee, Francis Lightfool.Rom in 234 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Westmoreland County, Virginia, October 14, 1734, and was the brother of Richard Henry Lee ; he was well educated by pri vate tutors; in 1765 and 1766 he was elected to the House of Burgesses, and was a strong advocate of equal rights ; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1775 to 1780, and signed the Declaration of Independence, and also the Articles of Confederation ; served iu the State Legislature ; and, after retiring to private life, died in April, 1797. Lee, Gideon. He was born iu Arn- herst, Massachusetts, in 1777; in early life removed to the City of New York, where he became a leather merchant, and amassed a large fortune. He was at one time Mayor of New York, a Presidential Elector, and a member of Congress dur ing the years 1836 and 1837. He died at Geneva, New York, August 21, 1841. Lee, Henry. Born iu Virginia, Jan uary 29, 1756, and graduated at Princeton College in 1773. In 1776 he was appointed a Captain of Cavalry, under Colonel Bland, and in September, 1777, he joined the main army. His skill in discipline and gallant bearing attracted the notice of Washing ton, and he was soon promoted to the rank of Major, with the command of a separate corps of cavalry, and then ad vanced to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. From 1780 to the end of the war he served under Greene. The services of Lee's Legion in various actions were very important. He particularly distinguished himself in the battle of Guilford ; after wards, he succeeded in capturing Fort Cornwallis and other forts ; he was also conspicuous at Ninety-six, and at the Eutaw Springs. In 1786 he was appointed a Delegate in Congress, from Virginia, in which body he remained till the Constitu tion was adopted, having, in the Conven tion of Virginia, advocated its adoption. In 179 1 he was chosen Governor of Vir ginia, and remained in office three years. By appointment of Washington, he com manded the forces sent to suppress the Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsylvania. He was a member of Congress at the pe riod of Washington's death, in 1799, and was appointed, by Congress, to deliver a eulogy on the occasion. In 1801 he re tired to private life, and in his last years he was distressed with pecuniary embar rassments ; while confined in 1809 within the bounds of Spottsylvania County, for debt, he wrote his valuable "Memoirs of the Southern Campaigns." In 1814, dur ing the mob at Baltimore, he was one of the defenders, and was severely wounded, and carried to the jail for safety, lie- turning from the West Indies, where he had gone for health, he died at Cumber land Island, near St. Mary's, Georgia, March 25, 1818. Lee, Henry B. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Fifteenth Congress, but died before tak ing his seat. Lee, John. He was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 1825. Lee, Joshua. He was born in New York, and served three years in the Legis lature of that State, from Ontario and Yates Counties, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837. Lee, M. Lindley. Born in Mini- sink, Orange County, New York, May 29, 1805; spent his boyhood alternately work ing upon a farm in summer and attending the district school in winter; when six teen years of age commenced an academ ical coui'se of study, and graduated at Union College in 1827 ; and, having studied medicine and surgery, obtained a degree in 1830 from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Western New York. While devoting himself to his profession, he was appointed Postmaster of Fulton, Orange County, New York, serving from 1840 to 1844; he was elected in 1846 and 1847 to the Assembly of New York ; sub sequently held the position, for three terms, of Commissioner of Loans for the State ; was a member of the State Senate iu 1855 ; and in 1858 was elected a Rep resentative to the Thirty-sixth Congress, from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also a Delegate to the New York "Constitutional Convention" of 1867. Lee, Richard Bland. He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1795; he was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; and died in 1827. Lee, Richard Henry. Was born at Stratford, Westmoreland County, Vir ginia, January 20, 1732, and was educated at Wakefleld, Yorkshire, England. He liad a seat in the House of Burgesses of Virginia, in 1757, and proposed there, in 1773, the formation of a Committee of Correspondence. He had the honor of originating the first resistance to British oppression, in the time of the Stamp Act, in 1765. He was a member of the first Congress, in 1774, and in October pre pared the draft of the memorial to the people of British America. In accord ance with instructions from the "Virginia Convention," he first proposed in Con gress a Declaration of Independence, June 7, 1776, and a Committee was ap pointed to prepare it ; and he was a signer of the adopted Declaration of Indepen- BIOGXAPH1CAL EECOEDS. 235 deuce, and of the Articles of Confeder ation. The second eloquent address to the people of Great Britain was drawn up by him ; and after the adoption of the Articles of Confederation he withdrew from Congress, but was re-elected in 1784, and chosen President of that body, serv ing till 1787. He contended for the neces sity of amendments to the Constitution previously to its adoption in 1789; and was a Senator in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1792, serving one session as President pro tern, of that body. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. He was the author of a number of political pamphlets, and his correspondence was published in 1825. He died at Chantilly, Westmoreland County, Virginia, June 9, 1794. Lee, Silas. He graduated at Harvard University in 1784 ; served in the Massa chusetts Legislature in 1793, 1797, and 1798 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1799 to 1802; Judge of Probate from 1805 to 1814; for some years Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; and he was appointed, by President Adams, United States District Attorney for Maine. Died in 1814. Lee, Thomas. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837 ; and died at Port Elizabeth, November 2, 1855. Lee, Thomas Sim. He was born in 1744; was Governor of Mai'yland from 1779 to 1783; a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress in 1783 and 1784; was a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution ; was again Gov ernor from 1792 to 1794; and died in 1810. Leet, Isaac. Born in Pennsylvania in 1802 ; was for several years in the Sen ate of that State ; a Representative in Con gress from 1829 to 1831 ; and died at Wash ington, Pennsylvania, June 10, 1844. Lefevre, Joseph. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1813. Lefferts, John. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815 ; a member of the " State Con stitutional Convention" of 1821; and a State Senator from 1822 to 1825. LeffLer, Isaac. Born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in November, 1788 ; was educated at Jefferson College ; studied law, and settled in Wheeling, Virginia; in 1817 was elected to the Virginia Legis lature, where he served eight years ; in 1827 was elected a member of the Board of Public Works ; and he was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1827 to 1829. In 1832 again elected to the Virginia Legislature; in 1835 removed to Burlington, Iowa; served two years in the Legislature of Wisconsin Territory ; one year as Speaker ; one year in the Legisla ture of Iowa ; in 1843 was appointed Mar shal of Iowa; in 1849 Register of the Land Office at Stillvvater, but declined ; in 1852 appointed Receiver of the same office, whence he was removed for opinion's sake. Leffler, Shepherd. He was born in Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from Iowa, from 1846 to 1851. Leftivichf Jaltez.llQ was born in Bedford County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1825. Leftwich, John IF. He was born in Bedford County, Virginia, September 7, 1826; graduated at the Jefferson Medi cal College in Philadelphia in 1850; subse quently settled in Memphis, Tennessee, as a merchant and cotton factor; and in 1865 he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, taking his seat near the close of the first session of that Congress, and serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. Legare, Hugh Swinton.IIn was born at Charleston, South Carolina, Janu ary 2, 1797 ; graduated at the College of that State in 1814, and, after having studied law, went to Europe, where he remained until 1820, occupied with the pursuits of literature. On his return to Charles ton he devoted himself to the practice of his profession and to agricultural pur suits. In 1830 he was appointed Attorney- General of the State, and was the princi pal editor of the " Southern Review." In 1832 he was appointed Charge d'Affaires of the United States to Belgium ; from 1837 to 1839 was a Representative of his native State in Congress ; and in 1841 was appointed Attorney-General of the United States by President Tyler, and also Acting Secretary of State. He died, suddenly, at Boston, June 20, 1843, while accompany ing the President in his journey to attend the Bunker Hill Celebration. His flue taste as a writer, his eminent acquire ments as a scholar, and his learning and el oquence as a lawyer, were known and ap preciated throughout the Union. His writings were collected and published iu 1846. LeJiman, William E. Born in Philadelphia, August 21, 1822; graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1843; studied law, and, after practising with S36 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. success, retired from the bar and travelled in Europe. By President Polk he was ap pointed an Examiner of Post Offices in New York and Pennsylvania, his only office by appointment ; and he was elected a Representative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Accounts. His family was one of note in Dresden, his father and grandfather having acquired distinction in the civil and military ser vice. Lcib, Michael. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1799 to 1806, when he resigned, and a Senator of the United States from 1808 to 1814, and in the latter year he was ap pointed Postmaster at Philadelphia. He also served in the Legislature of Pennsyl vania both before and after his election to Congress. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1809. Died in Philadelphia, December 28, 1822, aged sixty-three years. Leib, Owen D. Born in Schuylkill, Pennsylvania, the youngest of nine broth ers ; received a common-school and clas sical education; studied medicine, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical Insti tution in Philadelphia ; practised his pro fession in Columbia County ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1845 to 1847, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. Died June 17, 1848. Leidy, Paw?. Born in Hemlock, Co lumbia County, Pennsylvania, November 21, 1813. He was educated at a common school ; the early part of his life was de voted to agricultural pursuits ; from the age of sixteen to twenty-four he followed the business of a tailor; taught school, and, having studied law at the same time, has since practised that profession. He was for live years District Attorney for Montour County; for a short time Super intendent of Common Schools for the same county; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Penn sylvania, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Roads and Canals. Leigh, Benjamin Watkins.Born in Virginia in 1782, and died at Richmond, February 2, 1849. He was one of the most eminent men of his State, well known as a lawyer and public man. From 1829 to 1841 he was a Reporter of the State ; frequently a member of the House of Delegates ; a member of the Conven tion of 1830 for revising the State Consti tution; and a Senator in Congress from 1834 to 1837. Leiper, George G. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1829 to 1831. Letter, Benjamin F. He was born in Leitersburg, Washington County, Maryland, October 13, 1818. He was chiefly educated by his father; taught school in Maryland from 1830 to 1834 ; re moved to Ohio and taught thero until 1842, after which he was admitted to the bar and devoted himself to the practice of law, in which he was successful ; lie was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1848, and was chosen temporary Chairman by the Democrats, acting as such throughout the long contest of that year between his party and the Whigs, which is now spoken of in Ohio as the "days of the revolution;" in 1849 he was re-elected and chosen Speaker; and in 1854 he was elected to Congress, and re-elected to each successive Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Indian Affairs. Lent, James. He was a member of Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1833, and died in Washington, February 24, 1833. He was Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenditures in the Depart ment of State. Leonard, George. Bora in Boston, July 4, 1729; graduated at Harvard Col lege in 1748 ; a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1789 to 1793, and from 1795 to 1797 ; a man of unusual wealth ; for his learning was made a Doc tor of Laws ; and died at Newton, Massa chusetts, July 26, 1819. His descendants are numerous, and many of them dis tinguished. Leonard, Moses G-, He was born in Connecticut; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845 ; and was for several years Commis sioner of Emigration in the City of New York. Leonard, Stephen B. He was born in New York ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. Letcher, John. Born in Lexington, Rockbridge County, Virginia, March 29, 1813; he commenced his classical studies at Washington College, and completed his education at Randolph Macon College; adopted the profession of law, and was ad mitted to practice in 1839 ; during that year he established, and for a time edited, the " Valley Star," in Lexington; was a member of the Convention for Reforming the Constitution of Virginia in 1850; and was elected a Representative in the Thirty-second, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving gen erally as a member of the Committee on Ways and Means. He was, in 1859, elected by the democracy of Virginia, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 237 Governor of that Commonwealth. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1849. Letcher, Robert P. He was born in Goochlaucl County, Virginia; received a good education, and adopted the profes sion of law. He served a number of years in the State Legislature, and was at one time elected Speaker of the House ; was a Presidential Elector in 1837; and a Rep resentative in Congress from 1823 to 1835 ; Governor of Kentucky from 1840 to 1844 ; and in 1840 was appointed Minister to Mexico. Died in Frankfort, Kentucky, January 24, 18G1. Levin, Lewis C. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, November 10, 1808 ; received a liberal education, having graduated at Columbia College, South Carolina ; adopted the profession of law, and practised the same in Maryland, Lou isiana, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress > from Pennsylvania, from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1847 to 1851, generally serving- on the Committee on Naval Affairs. To him is generally awarded the credit of having founded, in 1843, the Native American party. Died at Philadelphia, March 14, 18GO. Leivis, Abner. He was born in New York ; was a member of the Assembly of that State, from Chautauque County, in 1838 and 1839, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Lewis, Dixon IT. Born in Dinwid- die County, Virginia, in 1802, and was educated at the South Carolina College. He studied law, removed to Alabama, and became eminent in his profession. He was an able and amiable man, and physically very large and fleshy; and the story is related of him, that, when returning home on one of the Southern steamers, which was wrecked, he refused to take a seat in a small boat, because the lives of several persons would thereby be jeopardized, and, though for a time he was in great danger, he was rescued. He represented Alabama' in Congress from 1829 to 1843, and from 1844 until his death was a Senator in Con gress. Died in New York, October 25, 1848. Lewis, Francis. He was born in Llandaff, Wales, in March, 1713; was edu cated at Westminster ; emigrated to Amer ica in 1735, and settled in New York as a merchant. In the prosecution of his busi ness he visited Russia and other parts of Europe ; as Agent for supplying the Brit ish troops he was present at Fort Oswego when it surrendered to Montcalm, and as a prisoner he was taken to Montreal and France. After his release he returned to America; became one of the "Sons of Liberty ; " was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1776 to 1779; signed the Articles of Confederation ; and was also one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence ; and, after a long course of successful business operations, died December 30, 1803. Lewis, Jr., Joseph. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative ia Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1817. Leivis, Thomas. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from October 17, 1803, to March 5, 1804, when his seat was successfully contested by A. Moore. Lewis, William /. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1819. L'Hommedieu, Ezra. lie gradu ated at Yale College in 1754 ; and was a Delegate, from New York, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1779 to 1783, and again in 1787 and 1788. Died in 1811. Ligon, Thomas IF. He was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia ; placed at an early age at Hampton Sydney Col lege, but finished his education at the Uni versity of Virginia. He studied law, and, after spending a year and a half at the Yale Law School, settled in Baltimore. He was a Representative in Congress, from Mary- laud, from 1845 to 1849 ; having been re- elected for a second term ; and was elected in 1854 Governor of that State. Lilly, Samuel. Was born in New York; adopted the medical profession; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1853 to 1855. Lincoln, Abraham. He was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, February 12, 1809 ; removed with his father to Indiana in 1810; received a limited education; spent two years at school in Stafford County, Virginia ; worked at rail-splitting for a time ; and twice visited New Orleans as a boatman. Removed to Illinois in 1830, 'and turned his attention to agricultural pursuits ; he served as a Captain of Vol unteers in the Black Hawk war; was at one time Postmaster of New Salem ; and he served four years in the Illinois Legis lature, viz., 1834, 1836, 1838, and 1840, dur ing which time he turned his attention again to the study of law with John T. Stuart, and settled at Springfield in the practice of his profession. He was a mem ber of the "National Convention" which nominated General Taylor for President in 1848 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Illinois, from 1847 to 1849, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads, and. on Expenses 238 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. in the War Department. In 1858 he ac quired distinction by stumping the State of Illinois, for the United States Senate, against S. A. Douglas ; and in 1860 he was nominated by the Republican Party as their candidate for President of the United States, and was duly elected to that posi tion for the term commencing the 4th of March, 1861. By the " Baltimore Conven tion," held in 1864, he was nominated for re-election to the Presidency, and was tri umphantly elected. In December, 1864, the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Princeton College. On the 14th of April, 1865, while seated in a private box at the theatre, he was shot in the head by an assassin, named John Wilkes Booth, and died at seven o'clock on the following morning. The circumstances of his death filled the whole land with horror, and the demonstrations to his memory were heart felt and universal. His name was every where mentioned, with rare kindness, as the "Martyred President." Lincoln, Enoch. Born in Worces ter, Massachusetts, December 28, 1788; and, after studying law, settled in Frye- burg, Maine, and afterwards removed to Paris. He was a member of the United States House of Representatives, from Massachusetts, from 1818 to 1820, suc ceeding A. K. Parris, resigned, and from 1821 to 1826, from the new State of Maine, when he was elected Governor of Maine, and re-elected in 1828. He published, while at Fryeburg, a poem, entitled ' The Village ; " he was also the author of some historical recollections of Maine. He died at Augusta, October 8, 1829. Lincoln, LevL Born May 15, 1749, at Hingham, Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard College in 1772, and settled as a lawj'cr in Worcester, where he rose to dis tinction; was Judge of Probate; a State Senator iu 1797; County Prosecutor in 1775; a State Councillor in 1806, 1810, and 1811 ; and he was a Representative in Con gress from 1799 to 1801 ; and during the administration of President Adams he wrote a series of political papers, called " Farmer's Letters." In 1801 he was ap pointed Attorney-General of the United ( States, and acted as Secretary of State' until Mr. Madison reached Washington; and in 1807 was Lieutenant-Governor of Massachusetts; acting as Governor in 1809, after the death of Governor Sullivan. In 1811 he was appointed Associate Judge of the Supreme Court, but declined the office. He died at Worcester, Massachu setts, April 14, 1820, aged seventy-one years. Lincoln, Levi. He was the son of the preceding, and was born in Massachu setts October 25, 1782; was a State Sena tor in 1812; a State Representative from 1814 to 1823, and Speaker in 1822; Lieu- tenant-Governor of Massachusetts in 1823 ; Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1824; a Presidential Elector in 1825; Collector at Boston from 18-11 to 1843; a State Senator in 1844 and 1845, and Presi dent thereof; Mayor of Worcester in 1848; and Governor of Massachusetts from 18-'5 to 1834; and from 1834 to 1841 was a Rep resentative in Congress. He was a Presi dential Elector in 1864. Lincoln, William S. He was born in Newark Valley, Tioga County, New York, August 13, 1813 ; was educated for mercantile pursuits, and, after devoting his attention for many } r ears, to merchan dising, he became engaged in the manu facture of leather; was Postmaster of Newark Valley from 1838 to 1866; was also Supervisor of the town for several years ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representa tive, from New York, to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Lindley, James /. Born at Mans field, Ohio, January 1, 1822; went with his parents to Kentucky when a boy, and lived at Cynthiana several years; was a student in Woodville College, Ohio, for two years ; studied law, and located at Monticello, Missouri, in 1846. In 1848 he was elected Circuit Attorney for eight counties, and re-elected in 1852. He was a Representative, from Missouri, in the Thirty-third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. He afterwards re moved to Davenport, Iowa, and engaged in the practice of his profession. Lindsley, William D. He was born in Connecticut; and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Linn, Archibald L. He was born in New York in 1802; graduated at Union College ; studied law in Sclienectady, and came to the bar in that city ; was twice elected Mayor of the same ; was a Repre sentative iu Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843; and in 1844 he was elected to the State Assembly. Died in Grassfleld, New York, October 10, 1857. Linn, James. He graduated at Princeton College in 1769, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jer sey, from 1799 to 1801, when he was ap pointed by President Jefferson Supervisor of the Revenue. He also held the office for many years of Secretary of State of New Jersey. Died at Trenton, Decem ber 29, 1820. Linn, J~ohn. He was born in New Jersey, and for many years a member of the New Jersey Assembly, and a Repre- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 239 sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Died January 6, 1821. Linn, Lewis F. Born near Louis ville, Kentucky, November 5, 1795. He was educated chiefly by an elder brother, and studied medicine. In 1809 he removed to Missouri, and in 1814 helped to flght the battles of his country. After success fully practising his profession, he was elected to the State Legislature in 1827, and in 1833 was elected a Senator in Congress, in which capacity he served un til his death, which occurred at St. Gene- vieve, Missouri, October 3, 1843. He proved himself to be a man of remarkable abilities, identified himself throughout his whole career in Congress with the inter ests of the valley of the Mississippi, and, when he died, many of the best men in the country eulogized him for his mani fold virtues. Litchfield, Elisha.He was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, in 1795 ; served five years in the New York Legis lature from Oiiondaga County ; was Speak er in 1848; was many years a Justice of the Peace at Delphi, New York; and was a llepresentative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1823 to 1825. Died at Cazeuovia, New York, August 4, 1859. Little, Edward P. He was born in Massachusetts in 1788, and was a llep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1852 to 1853. He Avas a State Rep resentative from 1829 to 1834, and from 1835 to 1838, and Collector at Plymouth from 1853 to 1857. Little, Peter. He was born in Petcrs- burg, Pennsylvania; removed to Mary- laud; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813, and was in the latter year appointed, by President Madison, Colonel of Infantry ; and again a Representative in Congress from ''1816 to 1829. Died February 5, 1830, in Baltimore County, Maryland. Littlefleld, Nathaniel S. Born in Wells, York County, Maine, September 20, 1804 ; received a common-school edu cation ; studied and adopted the profession of law ; was a member of the Maine Sen ate in 1837, 1838, and 1839 ; President of the same a part of the time ; a Represent ative from Maine to the Twenty-seventh and Thirty-first Congresses ; and a mem ber of the Maine House of Representa tives in 1854. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention" of 1866. Littlejohn, DeWitt C. Was born in Bridgewater, Oneida County, New York, February 7, 1818 ; received a thor ough academic education ; and since 1839 has been largely engaged in the commerce of the lakes and canals, as well as in the manufacture of flour. He served as Pres ident of the village of Oswego, and when it became a city he became an Alderman, and was twice elected Mayor. He was seven times elected to the Assembly of New York, presiding as Speaker during live terms ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Committee on Revolu tionary Pensions. After retiring from Congress, he was again elected to the State Legislature. Livermore, ArtJmr.Rorn in Lon donderry, New Hampshire, July 26, 1776. He was a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire from 1799 to 1816; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; from 1825 to 1833 Judge of the Common Pleas ; and a Representative in Congress from 1817 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825. He died at Campton, New Hampshire, July 1, 1853. He was the son of Samuel Livermore. Livermore, Edward S. He was Judge of the Supreme Court of New Hampshire from 1797 to 1799 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1807 to 1811. Died in 1832, aged eighty years. Livermore, Samuel. Born in Wal- tham, Massachusetts, in 1732; graduated at Princeton College in 1752 ; was Judge Advocate of the Admiralty before the Rev olution ; subsequently Judge of the Supe rior Court of New Hampshire; and a Senator in Congress from 1793 to 1801, when he resigned; and was President pro tern, of that body during "two sessions. He died at Holderness, May, 1803. Livingston, Edward. Born at Clarcmout, Livingston Manor, New York, in 1764; graduated at Princeton College in 1781 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1785, and pursued his profession till 1795, when he was elected a Repre sentative to Congress from New York City, serving until 1802. He was then appointed United States Attorney for the District of New York, and was also Mayor of the city. Removing to New Orleans in 1804, he became eminent there as a lawyer; at the invasion of Louisiana he acted as an Aid to General Jackson; was employed in negotiations for the ex change of prisoners after the war; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1823 to 1829, and as a Senator of the United States from 1829 to 1831, when he was appointed by Presi dent Jackson Secretary of State, and in 1833 Minister to France. His "Penal Code " is considered a monument of his 240 BIOaEAPHICAL EECOEDS. profound learning. He died at Rhiucbeck, New York, May 23, 1836. Livingston, Henry Walter. born in 1764 ; graduated at Yale College in 1786, and was educated to the law. He was Secretary in 1792 to Mr. Morris, Ambassa dor to France ; a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1803 to 1807. He died at Livingston Manor, New York, December 22, 1810, aged forty-two years. Livingston, Philip. Born in Al bany, New York, January 15, 1716; grad uated at Yale College in 1737; was a successful merchant in New York City; was an Alderman for four years; served several years in the State Legislature, and corresponded with Edmund Burke on commercial matters; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1778; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; subsequently served in the Senate of New York; and died June 15. 1778. He was noted for his rare business capacity and his benevolence, and was the founder of the Professorship of Divinity in Yale College. Livingston, Robert Le Hoy, He graduated at Princeton College in 1784; was elected a Representative in Congress, from the Sixth Congressional District of New York, from 1809 to 1813, but resigned in 1812, when he was succeeded by T. P. Grosvenor; he was then ap pointed by President Madison Lieutenant- Colonel of Infantry. Livingston, Robert JR. He grad uated at King's College in 1765 ; studied law and was appointed Recorder of the City of New York, which office he resigned at the beginning of the Revolution. In 1775 he was elected to the Assembly from Duchess County, and the same year was sent as a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress, serving till 1777, and was a member of the Committee for draughting the Declaration of Indepen dence. He was also a Delegate from 1779 to 1781, and in the latter year was ap pointed Secretary for Foreign Affairs. On his resignation he received'the thanks of Congress. He was appointed Chan cellor of New York under the New Con stitution, and filled that situation till 1801. In 1788 he was Chairman of the State Convention which adopted the Fed eral Constitution. In 1794 he declined the appointment as Minister to France, offered by Washington. In 1801 he ac cepted that office, and proceeded to Paris. After the close of his mission, Napoleon presented him with a snuff-box, contain ing a miniature of himself, by Isabey. With the assistance of Monroe, he made the purchase of Louisiana. In Paris he formed an intimacy with Robert Fulton, and was instrumental in the introduction of steam navigation into the United States. Introduced merino sheep and gypsum into New York; was President of an agricul tural society and of the Academy of Fine Arts; published an oration delivered be fore the Cincinnati Society in 1787, and other essays. Died in 1813, aged sixty- six years. Livingston, Walter. He was a Delegate, from New York, to the Conti nental Congress, in 1784 and 1785. Livingston, William. Born in New York in 1741 ; was a lawyer by pro fession ; and, after filling some important offices in New York, he removed to New Jersey. He was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1774 to 1776. He was first Governor of New Jersey under the New Constitution of the State, which office lie held until his death. In 1787 he was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, and signed that instrument. He died July 25, 1790. Lloyd, Edward. lie was Governor of Maryland from 1801) to 1811; a Dele gate to the Continental Congress in 1783 and 1784; a member of Congress from 1806 to 1809 ; and served as United States Senator, from Maryland, from 1819 to 1826, when he resigned. He was highly respected both in public and private life, He died June 2, 1834. Lloyd, James. He was a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from 1797 to 1800, when he resigned. Lloyd, James. lie was born in Bos ton, Massachusetts, in 1769; graduated at Harvard University in 1787; and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, and resided in Russia a number of years. He devoted some attention to literature ; was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ; and received from his Alma Mater, in 1826, the degree of Doctor of Laws. He was a Senator in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1808 to 1813, when he resigned, and again from 1822 to 1826, serving as Chairman of the Commit tees on Commerce, and Naval Affairs. His reputation was that of an able statesman, and a wealthy and benevolent man. He died in New York City, April 5, 1831. Loan, Benjamin F. Born in Har- dinsburg, Breckiuridge County, Kentucky, in 1819 ; settled in Missouri in 1833, and adopted the legal profession. When the Rebellion broke out, in 1861, he took an active part in military affairs, and was ap pointed a Brigadier-General; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Mis souri to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Military Affairs. Was subsequently reported against by the BIOGRAPHICAL EEOOEDS. 241 Committee on Elections, but the action of the Committee was not sustained by the - House, and he retained his seat. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, and Freedmen, and Debts of the Loyal States. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Pensions, and on that on Freedmen's Affairs. LocJce, Francis. Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, October 31, 17GG. He was elected Judge of the Superior Court in 1803, and, having resigned, was chosen a Senator in Congress for the years 1814 and 1815 from his native State, but appears not to have taken his seat. In 1809 he was also a Presidential Elector. Died January, 1823. Locke, John. Re was born in Hop- kinton, Massachusetts, in 1764 ; graduated at Cambridge in 1792; was admitted to the bar in 1796, and opened an office in Ashby. He represented that town in the Legislature in 1804, 1805, 1813, and 1823. In 1820 he was a member of the " Constitu tional Convention " of the State ; and from 1823 to 1829 was a Representative in Con gress, from the Worcester North District. In 1830 he was a State Senator from Mid dlesex County; and in 1831 was a member of the Executive Council. He removed to Lowell in 1837, and thence, in 1849, to Boston, where he died, March 29, 1855. Locke, Matthew. Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, in 1730, and died in 1801. He was a member of the Con gress at Halifax, in 1776, which formed the Constitution of North Carolina, and was a Representative in the Congress of the United States from 1793 to 1799. He also served in the Legislature, and had four sous at one time in the Revolutionaiy war. Lockhart, James. He was born in Auburn, New York, February 13, 1806; removed to Indiana in 1832 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1834; in 1841 and 1842 was elected Prosecuting Attorney; from 1845 to 1851 he was Judge of the Fourth Judicial District when he resigned ; and was a member of the " State Constitu tional Convention" of 1850. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from In diana, from 1851 to 1853. Died at Evans- ville, Indiana, September 7, 1857. Logan, George. Born at Stanton, near Philadelphia, September 9, 1753. He was educated at Edinburgh for the medical profession, but devoted a great portion of his time to agriculture, and was a member of the Legislature of Peuuyslvania. In 1798 he embarked for Europe for the sole purpose of preventing a war between America and France, and prepared the 16 way for a negotiation which terminated in peace. He was a Senator of the United States from 1801 to 1807. He went to England in February, 1810, on the same peaceful mission which led him to France, but not with the same success. He was an active member of the Philosophical Society and the State Board of Agricul ture; and in 1797 published "Experi ments on Gypsum" and "Rotation of Crops." He died at Stanton, April 9, 1821. Logan, Henry. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Logan, John A. Born in Jackson County, Illinois; received a common- school education ; went with the army as a private in the war with Mexico, and was made Quartermaster of his regiment; in 1849 was elected County Clerk of Jackson County, but resigned; in 1850 studied law, and came to the bar in 1852, having grad uated at the Louisville University ; in 1852 was elected to the Illinois Legislature ; in 1853 was appointed a Prosecuting At torney ; in 1856 a Presidential Elector ; a second time elected to the Legislature; and in 1858 he was elected a Representa tive, from Illinois, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Unfinished Business; re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, and, resigning, served as a Colonel in the Union army in 1861, and subsequently as a Major-General, having commanded with distinction the army of Tennessee. In November, 1865, he was appointed by President Johnson Minister to the Repub lic of Mexico, but declined. He was a Delegate to the " Soldiers Convention " held in Pittsburg in 186(5 ; and was re-elect ed to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committees on Ordnance, and on those on Retrenchmentj and Ways and Means, and was one of the Managers in the Impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson. Logan, William. He was born in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, Decembers, 1776 ; was a member of the " State Constitution al Convention " in 1799 ; studied law, and practised with success ; was frequently in the Legislature, and officiated as Speaker ; was twice chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals ; was a Senator in Congress dur ing the years 1819 and 1820; and died Au gust 8, 1822. He was the flrst white child born in Kentucky. Long, Alexander. He was born in Greenville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1816 ; was educated at Cary's Academy (now Farmer's College), Ohio: adopted* the profession of law, practising in Cincinnati; was elected to the Ohio 242 BIOGBAPHICAL RECOEDS. Legislature in 1848 and 1849, and in 1862 was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864. Long, Edward JET. He was born in Maryland in 1808 ; graduated at Yale Col lege ; adopted and practised the profession of law; served a number of years in the Maryland Legislature ; was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maryland, from 1845 to 1847 ; and died in Somerset, Mary land, in October, 1865. He was reputed a man of ability, and at one time was a can didate for the United States Senate. Long, John. Born in London Coun ty, Virginia ; was a farmer by profession ; entered public life as a Senator in the As sembly, in 1815, and in 1821 was elected to Congress, as a Representative, from North Carolina, where he remained until 1829. Long, Pierce. Re was a Delegate from New Hampshire to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Longfellow, Stephen. He was born in Gorham, Massachusetts, June 23, 1775 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1798; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1801 ; was for many years a leading politician and lawyer in Maine; was a "Presidential Elector in 1797; and a member of the " Hartford Convention " in 1814, of which body, at the time of his death, he was the only surviving Delegate from Massachusetts. From 1817 to 1836 he was a member of the Corporation of Bowdoin College, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. ; he was also a member of the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1819 ; a Representative in the Maine Legislature in 1826 ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1823 t& 1825 ; and died at Portland, August 2, 1849. He was the father of the distinguished poet Longfellow. LongnecJcer, Henry C. Born in Allen Township, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, April 17, 1825 ; was edu cated at the Wilbraham Academy, Mas sachusetts, the Norwich Military Univer sity of Vermont, and Lafayette College, Pennsylvania, where he graduated ; adopt ed the profession of law; served as a Lieutenant and Adjutant in the war with Mexico; and on his return was elected District Attorney of Lehigh County ; was a member in 1851 of a Democratic Con vention for Nominating State Judges ; and also in 1854 of another Convention for Nominating State Officers; and he was elected a Representative from Pennsyl vania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing as a member of the Committee on Military AfMrs. As Colonel of the Nintli Pennsylvania Infantry, he commanded a Brigade in Western Virginia at the com mencement of the Rebellion in 1801, and he subsequently commanded a Brigade of Militia at the Battle of Antietam, and in 1867 was appointed an associate Judge of Lehigh County. Long jf ear, John W. He was born in Shaudaken, Ulster County, New York, October 22, 1820; received a good aca demic education ; removed to Michigan in 1844 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846; and was elected a Representative, from Michigan, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Com merce, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the same committees. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loy alists' Convention" of 1866. Loomis, Arphaxad.He was for three years a member of the Legislature of New York, from Herkimer County, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Loomis, Dwight. Born in Colum bia, Tolland County, Connecticut, July 27, 1821 ; received a common-school educa tion ; spent the most of his youth on a farm; and taught school for about one year; commenced the study of law in 1844, and, having finished his legal studies at New Haven, was admitted to the bar in 1847; since which time he has practised his profession at Rockville, Connecticut. In 1851 he was elected to the Connecticut Legislature ; was a Delegate in 1856 to the "People's Convention " in Philadelphia; was a State Senator in 1857; and was elected a Representative from Connecti cut, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Mileage. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and on Agriculture. Lord, Frederick W. BorninLyme, Connecticut, December 11, 1800; gradu ated at Yale College in 1821 ; was for two years Professor of Mathematics in Wash ington College ; had charge for threo years of an academy in the City of Balti more ; devoted himself, in Baltimore, for several years, to the study of medicine, and received a diploma from Yale College, in 1829 ; spent fifteen years in the practice of his profession at Sag Harbor, New York, when he retired; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1849. He was also a Dele gate to the Baltimore "National Conven tion" for nominating a President in 1840. Died at New York, May 24, 1860. LougJiridge, William. He was BIOGEAPHICAL EEGORDS. 243 born in Youngstown, Mahoning County, Oliio, July 11, 1827; received a common- school education ; studied law, and came to the bar at the age of twenty-two years, and on removing to Iowa, in 1852, he was elected a member of the State Senate from 1850 to 1860. In 1SGI he was chosen Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of Iowa, to serve until January, 1867; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from Iowa to the Fortieth Congress; serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Agriculture, and Education in the District of Columbia. Love, James. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1833 to 1835. Love, t/bTmt He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1807 to 1811. Love, Peter E. Born near Dublin, Lam-ens County, Georgia, July 7, 1818; was educated at Franklin College ; studied medicine and attended medical lectures in Philadelphia; relinquished that profes sion, and turned his attention to law, Laving been admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1843 he was chosen Solicitor-General for the Southern District of Georgia; in 1849 he was elected to the State Senate ; in 1853 he was appointed a Judge for the Southern Circuit of Georgia; and was elected a Representative, from Georgia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the State Department, and the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Love, Thomas C. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1837. He was Judge of Erie County in 1828; District Attorney for said County from 1829 to 1836 ; Surro gate from 1841 to 1845 ; and died at Buf falo, September 17, 1853. Love, William C. Born in Virginia ; educated at the University of North Caro lina, of which his father was steward; was a lawyer by profession, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1815 to 1817. Lovejoy, Owen. He was born in Albion, Kennebec County, Maine, January 6, 1811; labored on a farm until eighteen years of age ; taught school, and thereby received the means for a college educa tion, which he received at Bovvdoin. He was a clergyman of the Congregational Church at Princeton, Illinois, from 1838 to 1854, having resigned his pastoral duties to take a seat in the Illinois Legis lature, in that year; and in 1856 he was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-seventh, and the Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Public Lands, and as Chairman of the Committees on Agriculture, and for the District of Columbia, and also a member of the Committee on the Territories. Died in Brooklyn, New York, March 25, 1864. Lovell, James. Born in Boston, Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard College in 1756, and was for many years associated with his father as teacher of * the Latin School. In 1760 he published " Oratio in Fuuero Thyntii." During the Revolution he was a lirm Whig, devoted to the cause of liberty, and was impris oned by General Gage ; he was carried a prisoner by the British troops to Halifax, where he was for a long time kept in close confinement. After his return to Boston he was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1776 to 1782, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Foreign Corre spondence. He also signed the Articles of Confederation. In 1786 he was Collector of Customs for Boston, and was subse quently Naval Officer for Boston and Charlestown, in which station he re mained until his death. He died in 1814, aged seventy-six. Lovett, John. He was born in Nor wich, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1800 and 1801, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1814, and from 1815 to 1817. He died in 1818, in Ohio. Low, Frederick F. He was a Rep resentative from California to the Thirty- seventh Congress, taking his seat during the second session thereof; and he was Governor of California from 1863 to 1865. Loiv, Isaac. He was a Delegate from New York to the Continental Con gress in 1774 and 1775. Lowell, John. Born in Newbury- port, Massachusetts, in 1744; graduated at Harvard College in 1760, and settled iu Boston as a lawyer. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1783, and was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of Massa chusetts. He was appointed Judge of the District Court, for the Massachusetts Dis trict, by Washington, in 1789 ; and in 1801 was appointed Chief Justice of the First Circuit. He was a member of the Cor poration of Harvard College for eighteen years, and received the degree of LL.D. from that institution. He was one of the- founders of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and in 1791 he deliv ered a eulogy on their late President, James Bowdoin. He wrote an English 244 EIOGBAPHICAL EECOEDS. Poem, No. 3, in the "Pietas," printed at Cambridge. He died May 10, 1802. "Lowell, Joshua A. He was born in Thomaston, Maine, March 20, 1801; his educational advantages were limited, hut he commenced active life by teaching school ; he adopted the profession of law, Laving come to the bar in 1826 ; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1832, 1833, 1835, and 1837 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1839 to 1843. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1844. Lower, Christian. -He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1805 to 1807. Loivndes, Thomas. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 17G5 ; re ceived a thorough education, and was one of the enterprising citizens of his native city. He was a Representative in Con gress, from South Carolina, from 1801 to 1805, and was distinguished for his talents. He died in Charleston, July 8, 1843. Lowndes, William. He was a na tive of Charleston, South Carolina, having been born February 7, 1782 ; educated by a private tutor; served in the State Leg islature in 1806 and 1808; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1822, when, from ill health, he resigned. In 1818 he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. He died while on a voyage, with his family, from Philadelphia to London, in the ship Moss, October 27, 1822, aged forty-two. He had a memory of uncom mon power, was an eloquent debater, and stood in the first rank of American states men. Henry Clay once expressed the opinion that he was the wisest man he had ever known in Congress. Loivrie, Walter. He was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1825. He was afterwards Secre tary of the United States Senate from 1825 to 1836 ; was subsequently appointed Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis sions, and died in New York in 18G2 or 1863. Loyall, George. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, May 29, 1789 ; graduated at Wil liam and Mary College in 1808. In 1815 he visited England, and on his return, in 1817, was elected a member of the House of Delegates of Virginia, and served ten years. In 1829 was a member of the Con vention to amend the State Constitution, and from 1831 to 1837 he was a Represent ative in Congress. In 1837 he was ap pointed Navy Agent at Norfolk, and, with the exception of two years, he occupied that position until the breaking out of the Rebellion. Lucas, Edward. Ho was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that Slate, from 1833 to 1837. He was subsequently appointed Government Superintendent at Harper's Ferry, where he died March 4, 1858. Lucas, John B. C. He was born in Normandy, France, in 1762 ; was educated at the University of Caen, where he grad uated as Doctor of Civil and Common Law in 1782. He practised his profession in his native country two years, and then emigrated to the United States, and set tled on a farm near Pittsburg, Pennsyl vania, where, in connection with agricul tural pursuits, he devoted himself to acquiring the English language, and mak ing himself acquainted with the history, constitution, and laws of his adopted country. He soon gained the confidence of the people, and in 1792 was elected to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and served as a Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas for his District. In 1802 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and re-elected in 1804. In 1805 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Judge of the United States Court in Upper Louisiana, when he resigned his seat in Congress, and removed to St. Louis. He was also Commissioner of Land Titles in that Territory. He held the office of Judge until 1820, when he retired to private life, on a farm adjoining the City of St. Louis, where he died in September, 1842. Lucas, William. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and for a second term, from 1843 to 1845. LumpJein, John JET. He was born in Oglethorpe County, Georgia, June 13, 1812; he was educated at Franklin and Yale Colleges ; served for a time as Sec retary in the Executive Department of Georgia ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834; was elected to the State Legislature in 1853; in 1838 he was Solicitor-General of the Cherokee Circuit ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1843 to 1849, and re- elected to the Thirty-fourth Congress. He also held the office, for three years, of Judge of the Cherokee Circuit Court, and that of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Died in Rome, Georgia, in 1860. LumpTcin, Wilson. Born in Pitt- sylvania County, Virginia, January 14, 1783. He received a common-school edu cation, and while engaged as a copying- clerk, in his father's office, studied law. Soon after attaining the age of twenty- one, he was sent to the State Legislature, and continued in that capacity a uuinOer BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 245 of years. He was twice elected Governor of Georgia. In 1823 he was appointed, by President Monroe, to mark out the boundary line between Georgia and Flor ida; and by President Jackson, was appointed a Commissioner, under the Cherokee treaty of 1835. He was also a member of the Board of Public Works. He served in the Federal House of Rep resentatives, from 1815 to 1817, and from 1827 to 1831 ; and was a Senator in Con gress from 1837 to 1841. Lille, Aaron. He was a soldier in the Revolution, and a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1817. Died September 24, 1825. Lyman, Joseph S. He was born in Hamdeu, Massachusetts, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from. New York, from 1819 to 1821. Lyman, Samuel. He was a grad uate of Yale College in 1770; a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1795 "to 1800; when he re signed. From 1786 to 1788 he served in the Legislature, and from 1790 to 1793 as State Senator. Died in 1802. Lyman, William. A native of Northampton, Massachusetts; graduated at Yale College in 1776, and was Brig adier-General of Militia. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1793 to 1797; and appointed Consul to London in 1805, where he died, October 1811, aged about fifty-eight years. He was also a member of the Legislature in 1787, and a State Senator in 1789. Lynch, John. He was born in Port land', Maine, February 15, 1825; educated in the public schools of that city; adopted the business of a merchant; served two terras in the State Legislature, and was elected a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and the Bankrupt Law. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Lynch, Thomas. He was a Dele gate from South Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1774 to 1776, and was succeeded by his son, bearing the same name, who signed the Declaration of Independence. Lynch, Jr. , TJiomas. He was born on the North Santee River, Parish of Prince George, Soutli Carolina, August 5, 1749; was educated at Eton, England, and entered at Cambridge and finished his legal studies in the Temple; he re turned home, determined to strike for liberty ; in 1775 he was commissioned a Captain in the Militia service; in 1776 he was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress, to succeed his father in that capacity, and he was a signer of the Dec laration of Independence. In 1779 he sailed for Europe for the benefit of his health, and the vessel in which he em barked was never seen after her departure from port. Lynde, William P. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1848 to 1849. Lyon, Asa.W(is born in Pomfret, Connecticut, December 31, 1763; a grad uate of Dartmouth College in 1791, and shortly after his graduation, removed to Soutli Hero, Vermont. He was appointed Chief Judge of Grand Isle County, in 1805, serving as such for nine years. Ho was elected a Representative, from South Hero, in 1800, 1802, 1804, 1805, 1806, and 1808, and from Grand Isle in 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, and 1814. He was a member of the Executive Council in 1808 ; and was elected a member of Congress, from 1815 to 1817. Ho was a member of the Corporation of the University of Ver mont, from 1814 to 1821 inclusive. He is said to have been a second cousin of Robert Burns, the Scotch poet. He was for many years, and until his death, an able preacher of the Gospel. Although never regularly installed, he preferred the Calvinistic form of worship. He was distinguished for his ripe scholarship and eloquence. By rigid economy and pru dence, he amassed wealth, and died at South Hero, April 4, 1841. HLs published sermons and patriotic addresses indicate a high order of talent, and an intimate acquaintance with modern and classic literature. Lyon, Caleb, of Lyondale. His grandfather, who bore the same name, was a Lieutenant of the Massachusetts Militia, and was wounded at Bunker Hill; and his father, also named Caleb, was a member of the New York Legislature, and a friend of De Witt Clinton. He was born in Lyondale, New York, December 7, 1822 ; graduated at the Norwich Uni versity of Vermont, in 1841; travelled extensively in Europe ; was appointed by President Polk, Consul at Shanghai, Chi na; on his return he visited Mexico, Bra zil, Chili, Peru, the Sandwich Islands, and California, and was Secretary of the Con vention called in 1849 to form a Consti tution, and designed the coat of arms for the Golden State. He made a second visit to Europe, and extended his travels to Egypt and the Holy Land. From his native State he was elected to the Assem bly, but on the question of enlarging the Erie Canal, which he favored, he re signed, and was, during the same year, elected to the State Senate ; and was sub sequently elected a Representative in tho 246 EIOGEAPIIICAL EECOBDS. Thirty-third Congress from New York. While in Europe he was identified with the Koszta affair as the friend of Captain Duncan N. Ingrahara. The title of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Norwich University of Vermont. In February, 1864, he was appointed, by President Liu- coin, Governor of Idaho; and on his re turn to Washington in December, 18G6, he was robbed on the railway from New York, of $47,000. Lyon, Chittenden.lle was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1835, and died in Caldwell County, Kentucky, in November, 1842. He was the son of Mathew Lyon. Lyon, Francis S. He was born in North Carolina, and having settled in Alabama, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839. Lyon, Lucius. He was born in Ver mont, but emigrated to Michigan when quite a young man ; devoted himself for a number of years to the business of survey ing the wild lands of the Territory ; was a Delegate in Congress, from that Territory, during the years 1833, 1834, and 1835; and a Senator in Congress, from the State of Michigan, from 183G to 1840; and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. His last public position was that of Surveyor-General in the North-west. Died at Detroit, September 25, 1851. Lyon, Matheiv.H.Q was born in Wicklow County, Ireland, in 1746, and, having emigrated to this country when thirteen years of age, participated to some extent in the Revolutionary struggle, hav ing, in 1777, been appointed temporary Paymaster of the Northern army, and in 1778, Deputy Secretary of the Governor of Vermont, and at the same time Clerk of the Court of Confiscation. He settled in Ver mont after the war, and was elected a member of the State Legislature in 1799 and the three following years. In 1783 he founded the town of Fairhaven, where he built saw-mills, grist-mills, established a forge or iron foundry, manufactured paper from basswood, and established a news paper called " The Farmers' Library." He served that town in the Legislature ten years. In 1786 he was Assistant Judge of Rutland County. He was a Representative in Congress from Vermont, from 1799 to 1801, and it was during his first term that he had a personal difficulty, on the floor of Congress, with Roger Griswold, of Con necticut, when an unsuccessful effort was made to have him expelled. The fact of his giving the vote that made Jefferson President, is well known. At the end of his second term as a Representative from Vermont, he removed to Kentucky, served two years in the Legislature of that State, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1811. After his final retirement from Congress, and on November 13, 1811, the Speaker of the House of Representatives presented a pe tition from him, setting forth that he had, many years before, been prosecuted and convicted under the sedition law (see " State Trials of the United States " ;) that he had suffered imprisonment, and been made to pay the sum of $1,000.90, and that he wished to have the money refunded to him. On July 4, 1840, a law was passed, paying to his heirs the specified sum, with interest, from February, 1790. It was while in prison at Vergeunes, that he was elected to Congress from Vermont, and at the close of his services in Congress, from Kentucky, he was employed to build gun boats for the war, but became bankrupt from the speculation. In 1820 he was ap pointed a Factor among the Cherokee In dians in Arkansas ; when that Territory was organized, he was elected the first Delegate to Congress, but did not live to take his seat, having died at Spadru Bluff, Arkansas, August 1, 1822. Lytle, Robert T. He was distin guished as a public speaker, and was a member of Congress, from Ohio, from 1833 to 1835. He died in New Orleans, Decem ber 21, 1839. MacDonald, Moses. -Born in Lim erick, York County, Maine, April 8, 1815; practised law from 1837 to 1845 ; and was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1841 and 1842. In 1845 he was Speaker of the House. In 1847, 1848, and 1849 served as Treasurer of the State ; repre sented the First Congressional District in the Thirty-second and Thirty- third Con gresses, and in April, 1857, was appointed, by President Buchanan, Collector for the District of Portland and Falmouth. Mace, Daniel. lie was born in Pick- away County, Ohio, September 5, 1S11 ; received a limited education, and worked on a farm until he became of age ; and having read law in Indiana, entered upon the practice of the profession to which he was long devoted. He was a member of the Indiana Legislature in 1836 ; Clerk of the House of Representatives in 1837; served as United States Attorney for Indi ana during President Polk's administra tion; was a Representative in Congress from Indiana from 1851 to 1855, as a Dem ocrat, and from 1855 to 1857 as an Inde pendent Candidate, serving on the Com mittees on the District of Columbia and as Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. On retiring from his profession he was appointed by Presi dent Lincoln Postmaster of Lafayette, Indiana. He died by suicide at Lafayette, Indiana, July 26, 1867. Machir, James. Ke was a Rep re- BIQGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. 247 sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1799. Died June 25, 1827. Maclanahan, James X. He was born in Antrim, Franklin County, Penn sylvania, in 1809 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1826; lie studied law and set tled in Chambersburg; in 1841 he was elected to the State Senate ; and in 1849 he was elected to Congress ; re-elected in 1851 ; and was Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. Died about the year 1864. Maclay, Samuel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 to 1797, and a Senator in Con gress from 1803 to 1808, when he resigned. Maclay, William. He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 1791, and died in April, 1804. In 1797 he was a Presidential Elector, and was one of those who voted for locating the Scat of Government on the Potomac. Maclay, William. lie was a native of Pennsylvania ; held the offices of County Commissioner and Associate Judge ; was a member of the Assembly ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1817 to 1819. Died January 4, 1825, aged fifty-nine years. Maclay, William B. Born in New York City 'in 1815; graduated at the Uni versity of New York, where he subse quently officiated for a time as Professor of Latin ; he was also a Trustee, as well as Secretary of the University; he adopt ed the profession of the law; and in 183G he was associate editor of the " New York Quarterly Magazine." He was also an active member of the Legislature of New York for several years and was elect ed a Representative in Congress, from that State, in 1843; was re-elected in 1845, 1847, and also in 1857, serving generally on important committees. He was re- elected a Representative to the Thirty- sixth Congress ; and was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Con vention "of 1866. Maclay, William JR. He was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1816 to 1821, having first entered Congress for the unexpired term of Thomas Buruside. Macon, Nathaniel. He was born in Warren County, North Carolina, in 1757. His early youth was marked by diligence in the acquisition of knowledge, and he was sent to Princeton College to complete his education ; but the troubles of the Rev olution closed the halls of that institution, and he returned home and volunteered as a private in a company commanded by his brother, having refused a higher position. While in the army he was elected a mem- ber of the General Assembly, in which ho served for several years. In 1791 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued a member of that body until transferred to the United States Senate, in 1815, where he served until 1828. From 1801 to 1805 he was Speaker of the House, and from 1825 to 1828 he was President prtitem. of the Senate. He was for thirty- seven years a member of the House or Senate, and was called the Father of the House, having served a longer time in that body than any other man. In 1828 his native State, in honor of his services, named a county for him. He afterwards returned to the Genei'al Assembly, and in 1835 was President of the "Constitutional Convention " of the State. He was also a, Presidential Elector in 1836. Died sud denly at his residence, June 29, 1837. Macy, .John B. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Wisconsin, from 1853 to 1855. He resided at Fond du Lac, and was lost, September 24, by the burning of the steamboat Niagara, oil Lake Michigan. McAllister, Archibald. He was born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in 1814; and, having settled in Blair County, was for thirty-three years engaged in the manufacture of iron. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsyl vania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Military Affairs. McArthur, Duncan. He was born in Duchess County, New York, in 1772. When he was eight years of age he re moved with his father to Pennsylvania, and at the age of eighteen he volunteered in defence of the frontier settlements of Ohio, against the Indians. He studied surveying, and acquired great wealth iu the business of buying and selling lands, in addition to surveying them. In 1805 he was a member of the Legislature, and iu 1806 was appointed Colonel, and in 1808 Major-General of the State Militia. He performed valuable services during the war of 1813, in which he held a General's commission, and although elected to Con gress in 1812, declined leaving his com mand; in 1815 was again a member of the Legislature, and 1816 was appointed Com missioner to conclude Treaties with the Indians; from 1817 to 1819 was in the Legislature, and Speaker of the House in 1817. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1825, and in 1830 was chosen Governor of the State, which position he held until 1833, and while in that service met with an accident, from the effects of which he never re covered. 248 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. McBride, John R. Was born in Franklin County, Missouri, August 22, 1832; emigrated to Oregon in 1846; in 1854 he was chosen Superintendent of Common Schools ; studied law and came to the bar in 1855 ; in 1857 he was a Dele gate to the Convention which formed the Oregon State Constitution ; was chosen to the State Senate for four years after its adoption ; and in 18G2 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Oregon, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. McCarthy, Dennis. He was born in the village of Saliiia, now within the limits of Syracuse, New York, March 19, 1814; received a common-school and academical education ; turned his attention to the mercantile business, and became a manufacturer of salt; in 1846 he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1853 he was Mayor of Syracuse, and, after hold ing various other positions of trust and honor, was elected in 18G6 a Representa tive from New York to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on For eign Affairs, and Roads and CauaLs. McCarty, Andrew Z. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. He was also a member of the New York Assembly in 1848. McCarty, JonatJian.W&s a native of Tennessee, but removed, with his father, at an early age to Indiana. He engaged in mercantile pursuits, and wa.s for a time Clerk of the Circuit or County Court at Conuersvile. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 1837. He left Indiana for Iowa, where he died in 1855. McCarty, Richard. Was born in Albany, New York, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823. McCarty, William M.TLe was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1840 to 1841. McCauslen, William C. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. McClean, Moses. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. McClellan, Abraham. He was born in Tennessee, and was Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843. McClellan, Robert. He was a na tive of Schoharie County, New York, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died in 1860, aged fifty-flve years. McClelland, Robert. Born in Franklin Count}', Pennsylvania, in 1807. He graduated at Dickinson College ; prac tised law for a year or so in Pittsburg, and in 1833 removed to Michigan, and established himself at Monroe. He served for several years in the Legislature of that State; and was a Representative in Con gress from 1843 to 1849. He was Gover nor of Michigan, in 1852 and 1853 ; and in 1853 was appointed Secretary of the In terior Department, by President Pierce, the duties of which position be performed until 1857. He subsequently settled in Detroit and practised his profession there. McClenachan, Blair. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1797 to 1799. McClene, James. He was a Dele gate, from Pennsylvania, to tlie Continen tal Congress, from 1778 to 1780. McClernand, John A. Born in Breckenridge County, Kentucky, May 30, 1812; brought up at Shawneetown, Illi nois, and had only the advantages of a common-school education. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1832, and served as a private, but with credit, in the Black Hawk war. He established the first Democratic press in Shawnee town, and edited his paper and practised law until 1843, when he was elected to Congress from Illinois, and served as a Representative until 1851. He had also, before going to Congress, been elected to the State Legislature. In 1859 he was again elected to Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but resigned to accept the commission of Brigadier-Gen eral in the Union army in 1861. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. McClurg, Joseph W. Born in St. Louis County, Missouri, February 22, 1818 ; received a good education, chiefly at Ox ford College, Ohio ; in his seventeenth year he went t6 Louisiana and Mississippi, and spent nearly two years as a teacher; went to Texas in 1841, where he was ad mitted to the bar, and was Clerk of the Circuit Court; in 1844 he settled in Mis souri as a merchant ; when the Rebellion broke out his interests suffered greatly from the plunder of the Rebels ; took part in the war as Colonel of the Osago Regi ment of Infantry, and also of a Cavalry Regiment; was a member of the Missouri " State Convention " in 1862, and was elected a Representative, from Missouri, BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. 249 to tlic Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention" of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, Elections, and as Chairman of the Committee on Southern Railroads. He was also a Dele gate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Con vention "of 18GG; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. McComas, William. Was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837", and was a member of the Committee on Manufactures. McComb, Eleaser.He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress, from Delaware, from 1782 to 1784. McConnell, Felix G. Was a native of Lincoln County, Tennessee, but re moved in 1824 to Talladega County, Ala bama. He was brought up a mechanic, but subsequently adopted the profession of law. He was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1846. He died, by his own hand, in Washington, District of Columbia, September, 1846, aged thirty-six. McCord, Andretv.He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly, during the years 1800, 1801, 1802, and 1807, part of the time Speaker; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805. McCorJcle, Joseph 7F. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from California, from 1851 to 1853. McCormicJc, James JR. Born in Washington County, Missouri, August, 1824 ; received a common-school education, and in 1849 received the degree of M.D. ; he was elected a Delegate to the State Convention of 1861 ; in 1862 to the State Senate ; served as a Brigadier-General of Militia, in 1863, and was appointed by President Lincoln a Surgeon in the army which he resigned ; was again elected to the State Senate in 1866 ; and Avas elected a Representative from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Private Land Claims. McCoy, Robert. He resided at one time in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and held several public positions in that State, such as Brigadier-General of Militia and Canal Commissioner. He was a member of Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1833, and died at Wheeling, Virginia, June 7, 1849. McCoy, William. lie was born in Augusta County, Virginia, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1833. McCrate, John D. He was born in Wiscasset about 1800; graduated at Bow- doin College in 1819; adopted the profes sion of law; was a member of the State Legislature from 1831 to 1836; Collector of Customs at Wiscasset, from 1836 to 1841 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1847. McCreary, John. He was born in Chester District, South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821. McCreary, William. He was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1803 to 1809. McCreedy, William. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1829 to 1831. McCreery, Thomas C. He was born in Kentucky in 1817; studied law, but, instead of practising the profession, turned his attention to agricultural pur suits ; was a Presideutal Elector in 1852 ; a visitor to the West Point Academy in 1858 ; and in 1868 he was elected a Senator, in Congress, in the place of James Guthrie resigned, and his term will expire in 1871. McCulloch, George. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1840 to 1841. McCulloch, John. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. McCulloch, Thomas G.Ile was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1820 to 1822, for the unexpired term of D. Fullerton. McCullougJi, Sir am. He was born in Cecil County, Maryland, Septem ber 20, 1813; educated at the Elkton Academy ; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1838 ; was elected to the Mary land Senate in 1845, and re-elected in 1846, serving as such until the adoption of the Constitution of 1851 ; in the winter of 1852-'53 he was appointed by the Legis lature one of the Codillers of the laws of Maryland, and aided in making the pres ent code of that State. He also held va rious offices of trust and responsibility connected with the courts, and the town and county of his residence ; and he was elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Colum- 250 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. bia. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving 011 his old committee, and on that on Accounts. McDonald, Joseph E. Born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. McDougall, Alexander. B.Q was a Delegate, from New York, to the Conti- nentarCongress from 1781 to 1782, and again in 1784 and 1785. He served as a Major-General in the Continental army, having been appointed to that office in 1777; and was a member of the State Senate from January, 1784, until his death, which occurred June 9, 1786. McDougall, James A. Was born in Bethlehem, Albany County, New York, Nove'mber 19, 1817; received his educa tion at the Albany grammar school ; as sisted in the survey of the first railway ever built in this country, that of Albany and Schenectady; studied law, and adopt ed that professiou; removed to Tike County, Illinois, in 1837 ; in 1842 he was chosen Attorney-General of Illinois ; re- elected in 1844; ill 1849 he originated and accompanied an exploring expedition to Rio del Norte, the Gila, and Colorado ; he afterwards emigrated to California, and followed his profession at San Francisco ; in 1850 was elected Attorney-General of California ; was a Representative in Con gress, from California, from 1853 to 1855, declining a renomination ; and in 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congress, for six years, serving on the Committees on Finance and Naval Affairs, and as Chair man of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven tion " of 1866. Died at Albany, Septem ber 3, 1867. McDowell, James. He was born in Rockbridge County, Virginia, in 1796, and graduated at Princeton College in 1817. He was Governor of Virginia from 1842 to 1845, and from 1845 to 1851 he was a Representative in Congress, from the Eleventh Congressional District of Vir ginia. In 1846 his Alma Mater conferred on him the degree of LL.D. He was an eloquent speaker, an upright man, and a true patriot. He died near Lexington, Virginia, August 24, 1851. McDowell, James Foster. Born in Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, Decem ber 3, 1825; went with his parents to Ohio in 1835 ; served for a time in a print ing-office, during which apprenticeship he studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-first year, and his first office was that of County Attorney. In 1851 he set tled in Indiana, and established the "Marion Journal ;" was Presidential Elect or in 1852 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Invalid Pensions. McDowell, Joseph. Born in Win chester, Virginia, and emigrated with his father to North Carolina, where he took an active part in the military operations of the time, and was at the battle of King's Mountain. He was a member of the House of Commons from 1782 to 1788, and a Representative in Congress from 1793 to 1795, and again from 1797 to 1799. McDoivell, Joseph J. He was born in North Carolina, and, on removiug to Kentucky, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. McDuffle, George. He was born in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1788; was for a time a clerk in Augusta ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1813; adopted the profession of law; served a number of years in the State Legislature ; was a Trustee of his Alma Mater; a Major of Militia; was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, in 1821, and served until 1835, when he was chosen Governor of the State. In 1843 he was elected a Senator of the United States, but was compelled by ill health to resign that station before the expiration of his term of office. His ill health was partly the result of a duel, which he fought in Augusta, Georgia, with Colonel dimming, in which he was wound ed. He was a co-worker and friend of Calhoun and Hayne, and an eloquent de fender of the peculiar institutions of the South. He died in Sumter District, South Carolina, March 11, 1851. McFarlan, Duncan. A Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1805 to 1807, and subsequently a member of the State Senate for three years. McGaughey, Edward W. He was born in Indiana, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for another term ending in 1851. Died August 18, 1852. McHatton, Robert. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1826 to 1829. McHenry, James. He was born about the year 1755 ; was liberally educa ted; adopted the profession of medicine, but did not practise ; served in the Rev olutionary struggle as an Aide-de-Camp to General Washington, and also to General Lafayette ; was a Delegate, from Mary- laud, to the Continental Congress from BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 251 1783 to 1786; was a member of the Con vention that formed the Federal Consti tution, and signed that instrument; was Secretary of War from 1796 to 1801, hav ing been appointed by Washington and continued in office by President Adams ; but, as he opposed the policy of the Ex ecutive, he was dismissed from the cabi net with Timothy Pickeriug. McHenry, John H. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1847. Mcllvaine, Abraham JR. Born at Crurn Creek, Delaware, August 14, 1804. He was bred a farmer, in which pursuit he was eminently successful ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1849. Died in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in August, 1863. ftlcllvaine, Joseph. Was born in Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1768; received a good education, and was admitted to the bar in New Jersey in 1791 ; he took an interest in military mat ters, and in 1798 attained the rank of Cap tain in McPhersou's Regiment of Blues; in 1800 he was elected Clerk of Burling ton County, and held the office twenty- four years ; in 1801 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Attorney of the United States for New Jersey, which office he also held for twenty years; in 1804 he was appointed Aide-de-Camp of the Governor of New Jersey, with the title of Colonel; in 1818 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Jer sey, but declined the appointment; and he was a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1823 to 1826, having died in Burlington on the 19th of August of the latter year. He was a man of high char acter and great influence. Mclndoe, Walter J>. Was born in Scotland, March 30,1819; emigrated to New York City in his fifteenth year ; and was a clerk in a large mercantile house ; followed the same pursuit in Charleston, South Carolina, and in St. Louis, Mis souri, and subsequently settled in Wis consin, and engaged in the lumber business; served in the Wisconsin Legislature in 1850, 1854, and 1855 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 and 1860 ; and was elected a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress (in place of Luther Hanchett, deceased), and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Indian Affairs and Revo lutionary Pensions. Re-elected to the. Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and again on that on Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Mclntire, Rufus. Born in York, County of York, Maine, December 19, 1784 ; received a common-school educa tion, and, by teaching for two or three years, acquired the means to fit himself for college at South Berwick Academy, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1809. He studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1812. In the mean time war was de clared, and he was appointed Captain of Militia, and remained in service on the frontier until peace was declared, after which he returned to the practice of his profession at York. He represented that town in the " Brunswick Convention ; " and, after the separation from Massachu setts, he was a Representative in the Legislature at its first session; he was then appointed County Attorney, which office he held till elected to Congress as Representative of Maine, serving from 1827 to 1835. In 1826 he was a Commis sioner for settling the boundary line of his State, and in 1836 was a member of the Legislature, and was appointed Land- Agent for two years in 1839. He was subsequently United States Marshal for Maine, and Surveyor of the port of Port land four years. He was connected with two or three academies as overseer, and was a member of the Board of Overseers of Bowdoin College. Died in Partons- field, April 28, 1866. , James J. Born in Bladen County, North Carolina, in 1793. He was bred to the law and served from 1815 to 1831 in the State Senate, and was at one time United States District Attorney. He was a Representative in Congress from 1831 to 1849, and was for a time Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means. At the " Baltimore Convention," in 1848, which nominated Lewis Cass for Presi dent, he received the vote of the Noith Carolina delegation as candidate for Vice- President. He died in Golclsborough, North Carolina, September 14, 1853. McILean, James Bedell. Born in Hoosic, Rensselaer County, New York, August 5, 1821 ; during his youth he worked upon his father's farm in Saratoga County, receiving his education chiefly from the district school and academies; taught school for a time, and became a school Superintendent for the town where he lived ; served one term as a Professor in Jonesville Academy ; was a Colonel of Infantry ; he studied law and was admit ted to the bar in 1849; in 1854 he was elected County Judge for Saratoga Coun ty for four years; and in 1858 was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures in the State Department. Re-elected 252 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expend itures in the State Department and on the Committee on Elections, as he had done in the previous Congress. In 1861 he raised the 77th Regiment of N. Y. Volunteers and commanded it in the Army of the Potomac. McKean, Samuel. He was born in Huutington County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1823 to 1829 and a Senator of the United States from 1833 to 1839. He died June 23, 1840, in McKean County. He was a man of talent and in fluence. McKean, Thomas. Born in Ches ter County, Pennsylvania, March 19, 1734 ; received a liberal education and adopted the profession of law. In 17G2 he was elected to the Delaware Assembly, and continued in that station for eleven years; was a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1765 ; while holding the office of Chief Justice in Pennsylvania, he was elected a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1774 to 1776, and from 1778 to 1783; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation ; was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Delaware-; he served in the army as a Colonel ; was a member of the Convention to form the Constitution of Delaware, and was the author of that instrument ; he was also a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of Pennsylvania in 1790; and he was Governor of Pennsylvania from 1799 to 1808. He was the only man who served through all the sessions of the Con tinental Congress, and was President of that body in 1781. Died in Philadelphia, June 24, 1817, leaving a high reputation for patriotism and ability. McE.ee, John. He was born in Rock- bridge County, Virginia, and was at one time a Government Agent among the Choctaw Indians, also a Commissioner for settling the boundary line of Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1829. McKee, Samuel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1809 to 1817. McKee, Samuel. He was born in Montgomery County, Kentucky, Novem ber 4, 1833; received a common-school education, attending school in winter, and Corking upon his father's farm the balance of the year ; graduated at Miami Univer sity, Ohio, in 1857, and also at the Cincin nati Law School in 1858, since which time he has been devoted to the practice of law. He served in the Union army as Captain of the Fourteenth Kentucky Cavalry from 1862 to 1864, having been a prisoner in Libby Prison for thirteen months ; and in 1865 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Claims, Ex penses in the Interior Department, and the Special Committee on the Civil Ser vice. He was also a Delegate to the Phila delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 18G6. McKennan, Thomas M. T. He was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843, and died at Reading, July 9 1852. McKenty, Jacob K. He was born in Douglassville, Berks County, Pennsyl vania, in 1827 ; graduated at Yale College in 1848, and at the Yale Law School in 1850; settled in Reading, and commenced the practice of law in 1851 ; in 1856 he was elected District Attorney for Berks County ; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, for the unexpired term of J. Swartz, deceased. Died in Douglassville, Berks County, January 3, 1866. McKeon, John. He was born in New York, and was educated a lawyer. In 1832, 1833, and 1834 he served in the Leg islature of New York, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was twice appointed United States District Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. McKibbin, Joseph C. He was born in Pennsylvania; and, having taken up his residence in California, was elected a Representative from that State to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands and on Private Land Claims. McKitn, Alexander. Born in 1748, and died at Baltimore, January 18, 1832. He was a member of Congress, from Maryland, from 1809 to 1815. McKim, Isaac. He was a much re spected and wealthy merchant of Balti more ; a member of Congress, from Mary land, from 1823 to 1825, and again from 1835 to 1838; and died in Washington, April 1, 1838. McKinley, John. Born in Virginia ; removed to Kentucky, thence to Alabama; and he was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama, from 1826 to 1837. In 1837 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and died in Louisville, Kentucky, July 19, 1852. McKinley, William. He was a BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDSi 253 Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1810 to 1811. McKinney, JoJin F.lle was born near Piqua, Ohio, April 12, 1827 ; spent his boyhood chiefly on a farm ; received an academic education, and spent one year at the Ohio Wesleyan University ; adopted the profession of law; and in 1802 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Unfinished Business, and on the Militia. McKissocJc, Thomas. He was born in Ulster County, New York, in 1798. He received a classical education ; was bred first to the medical and aftervvatds to the legal profession ; was, under tiie old or ganization, a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; and a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1851. McKnight, Robert. Earn in Pitts- burg, Pennsylvania, in 1820 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1839 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; from 1847 to 1849, both inclusive, he was a member of the City Councils of Pittsburg, the last two years President of that body; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Elections. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and on Public Buildings. McLane, Louis. He was born in Smyrna, Kent County, Delaware, May 28, 1784. When twelve years of age he was appointed a midshipman in the navy, on leaving which, in 1801, he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1807 ; iu 1812 he was a volunteer in a company commanded by Caesar H. Rodney, and marched to the relief of Baltimore when threatened by the British. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1817 to 1827; and was chosen by the Legislature, a Senator in Congress from 1827 to 1829; was appointed in 1829, by President Jackson, Minister to England, where he remained two years, and in 1831 he received the appointment of Secretary of the Treasury ; and in 1833 that of Sec retary of State under President Jackson. In June, 1834, he retired from political "Tfl, and in 1837 was chosen President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, and, removing to Maryland, discharged the duties of that office until 1847. During the administration of President Polk, he accepted the mission to England while the Oregon negotiations were pending; after which he "returned to Maryland, and in 1850 represented Cecil County in the "State Constitutional Convention," and then re tired to private life. He held a high rank as a statesman, and died in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1847. McLane, Robert M. Born in Del aware, June 23, 1815; was educated at Washington College, District of Colum bia, and at St. Mary's College, Baltimore; went to Europe with his father, Louis Mc Lane, in 1829, and on his return entered the West Point Academy,which he left in 1837 ; he served as an army officer in Florida, the Cherokee country, and in the North west ; in 1843 he was admitted to the bar of Baltimore ; in 1845 and 1846 was elected to the Maryland Legislature; and from 1847 to 1851 was a Representative in Con gress from Maryland. In 1852 he was a Presidential Elector, and iu 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to China, and on his return resumed the practice of his profession iu Baltimore. In March, 1859, he was appointed, by Presi dent Buchanan, Minister to Mexico, but resigned in November, 1860. McLean, Alney. He was born in Burke County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1819 to 1821. McLean, Finis E. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. McLean, J~ohn. Born in Morris County, New Jersey, in 1785. Four years after his birth his father emigrated with his family to Virginia, whence he removed to Kentucky, and finally settled in the State of Ohio. Here the son received a scanty education ; and, having determined to pur sue the legal profession, he engaged at the age of eighteen to write -in the Clerk's office at Cincinnati, in order to maintain himself, by devoting a portion of his time to that labor, while engaged in his studies. In 1807 he was admitted to the bar, and entered upon the practice of the law at Lebanon. Ohio. In 1812 he became a can didate to represent his district in Con gress, and was elected by a large major ity. He professed the political principles of the Democratic party, being an ardent supporter of the war, and of President Madison's administration. In 1814 he was again elected to Congress by a unanimous vote, a circumstance of rare occurrence, and remained a member of the House of Representatives until 1816, when,the Leg islature of Ohio having elected him a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, he resigned his seat in Congress at the close of the session. He remained six years upon the Supreme Bench of Ohio. In 1822 he was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office by President Monroe; and iu 1823 he became Poslmas- 254 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. ter-General. In the year 1829 he was ap pointed, by President Jackson, a Justice of the United States Supreme Court, after he had refused the offer of the War and Navy Departments. He entered upon the discharge of his judicial duties at the January Terra of 1830, and died in Cincin nati, April 4, 1861. McLean, John* He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, dur ing the years 1818 and 1819; was a Sena tor in Congress, from that State, from 1824 to 1825, and again from 1829 to 1830, having died on the 4th of October of the latter year. McLean, Samuel. He was elected a Delegate from the Territory of Monta na to the Thirty-eighth Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. McLean, William. He was a na tive of Morris County, New Jersey; a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and died at Cincinnati, October 12, 1839. He was a brother of Judge McLean, and when in Congress was mainly instrumental in procuring an ap propriation of half a million of acres of land for the extension of the Ohio Canal from Cincinnati to Cleveland. After his service in Congress he was engaged in business in Cincinnati. McLene, Jeremiah. He was born in 1767, and died in Washington City, March 19, 1837. He was for twenty-one years Secretary of State of Ohio, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. McManus, William. He was born in llonsselaer County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. McMullen, Fayettc.Re was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1855, and in May, 1857, he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Governor of the Territory of Washington. McNair, John. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1800, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Died at Evansport, Prince William County, Virginia, in Au gust, 1861. McNiel, Archibald. Born in Cum berland County, North Carolina; entered the House of Commons in 1808 ; re-elected in 1809 ; served in the State Senate in 1811 and 1815, and was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1825 to 1827. McPherson, Edward. Born in Gettysburg, Adams County, Pennsylvania, July 31, 1830; graduated at Pennsylvania College in 1848 ; devoted some attention to the printing business, and edited a pa per at Harrisburg in 1851, and for several years afterwards. On account of his health he subsequently turned his attention to agricultural pursuits; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from Penns3 r lva- nia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Buildings and Grounds, and Naval Affairs. He has delivered many public addresses on liter ary and other topics, and is the author of two series of letters touching the internal affairs of his native State. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Libra ry, and as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs ; and in 1863 he was ap pointed Deputy Commissioner of the Rev enue in the Treasury Department; and on the meeting of the Thirty-eighth Congress he was elected Clerk of the House of Rep resentatives, and re-elected Clerk for the Thirty-ninth Congress. During his last term in Congress he was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He was also a member and Secretary of the " Union Na tional Committee," from 1860 to 1864, and was re-elected Clerk of the House for the Fortieth Congress. In 1864 he published "The Political History of the United States of America during the Great Re bellion; "also "A Political Manual for 1866 ; " and subsequently devoted much of his attention to forming an Analytical Collection of the Political Literature of the great Rebellion, consisting of pamph lets and newspapers, which has been pronounced unique and of great value. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and in 1867 received from Pennsylvania College the degree of LL.D. McQueen, John. He was born in Robinson County, North Carolina, in 1808. He claimed descent in a direct line from the heroic Robert Bruce of Scotland, and his father, James McQueen, was a nephew of the celebrated Flora MacDonald. He received a good education under the guid ance of an elder brother, Rev. A. McQueen, who was a graduate of the Chapel Hill University, North Carolina. He com menced the study of law in his native State, and completed his course of study in South Carolina, to which he removed at an early day. He was admitted to the bar in 1828, and, having settled in Marl- borough District, he there commenced, and has ever since, as his public calls have permitted, continued the practice of his profession with success. During the Nullification times of 1833 he was elected a Colonel of the State Militia; in 1834 a Brigadier-General; and in 1835 a Major- General, which last position he held for ten years, and then resigned. He was BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. 255 elected a Representative in Congress in 1849, and was a member down to the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving on leading com mittees. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Withdrew in December, I860, and joined the Rebellion. Died at Society Hill, South Carolina, September 13, 1867. McRae, John J. He was born in Wayne County, Mississippi; received a good education; adopted the profession of law ; was elected frequentty to the State Legislature, and during two sessions offi ciated as Speaker ; was also elected to the State Senate; was, in 1851, by appoint ment, for a short time in the United States Senate; was Governor of Mississippi from 1854 to 1858 ; and was elected to the sec ond session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Mississippi, as the successor to Gen eral Quitman ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. Joined the great Rebellion in 1861. McReady, James. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1819 to 1821. McRoberts, Samuel. He was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1811 to the time of his death, which oc curred March 27, 1843, in Cincinnati, Ohio, aged about forty years. He was a native of Illinois; educated at Transylvania Uni versity ; was a lawyer by profession ; held the office of Judge of one of the higher Courts ; was a member of the Illinois Sen ate ; and held the position of District At torney for the United States in Illinois. Mcltuer, Donald C. He was born in Maine in 182G; educated at public schools and academies ; adopted the mer cantile profession; and, having emigrated to California, filled the oflice of Harbor Commissioner for that State, and in 1864 was elected a Representative, from Cali fornia, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Public Lands, and the Post Office and Post Roads. McSherry, James. He was a native of Adams County, Pennsylvania ; served twenty years in the Legislature of that State ; was a Delegate to reform the Con stitution of the same ; and a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1823. Died at Littlestown, Penn sylvania, February 3, 1849. Me Vean, Charles. He was born at Johnstown, New York, in 1802, and died in the City of New York, December 20, 1848. He was bred to the law, which he practised with success in Montgomery County, until he removed to New York. He held the office of Surrogate ; served as a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1835 ; and at the time of his death was District Attorney for Southern New York. Me Willie, William. lie was born in Kershaw District, South Carolina, No vember 17, 1795 ; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1817 ; adopted the pro fession of law ; came to the bar in 1818 ; was an Adjutant of Militia; was a Repre sentative and Senator in the Legislature of South Carolina; and, on removing to Mississippi, in 1845, was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. He was also President of a bank for several years ; and elected Governor of the State in 1858. Madison, James. He was born on the Rappahannock River, in Virginia, March 16, 1751; and, after due prepara tion, he entered Princeton College in 1769, and graduated in 1771, going through the junior and senior studies in one year. He remained at the College until 1772, for the purpose of studying Hebrew. In 1776 he was sent to the General Assembly, and in 1778 was a member of the Executive Coun cil ; from 1779 to 1785 he was a member of the Continental Congress, and was chosen a second time in 1786 ; he was a member of the " Convention at Philadelphia," which formed the Federal Cousitution, and signed that instrument, and he was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, under the Constitution, from 1789 to 1797; and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. In 1798 he went again into the Assembly, and in 1800 was an Elector for President. In 1801 he was Secretary of State of the United States, which office he held until 1809, when he was elected President of the United States, and served two entire terms. After leaving the Ex ecutive chair, he retired to private life on his estate, known as Montpelier. He was subsequently a Visitor and Rector of the University of Virginia; and in 1829 a mem ber of the " State Convention," which was the last public position he held. He was one of the contributors to the " Federal ist," and his collected State papers and miscellaneous writings have been pub lished in several volumes ; his " Report of the Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787 " having been accepted as a politi cal text-book of great value. He died at Montpelier, Orange County, Virginia, June 28, 1836, and a work on his Life and Times was published by William C. Rives in 1861. Magee, John. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1831. Magruder, Allan J5. A native of Kentucky, and a lawyer by profession. He removed to Louisauia, and in 1805 pub- 256 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. lished "Reflections on the Cession of Louisiana to the United States; " and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1812 to 1813. He had collected ma terials for a general history of the Indians. He died at Opelousas, Louisiana, in April, 1822. Magruder, Patrick. lie was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, in 1768; educated at Princeton College; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1805 to 1807 ; and was Clerk of the United States House of Representa tives from 1807 to 1815. He died in Petersburg, Virginia, in 1819 or 1820. Malbone, Francis. He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Rhode Island, in 180!), having previously been a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1793 to 1797. He died June 4, 1809. Mallary, Rollin He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 178-1; graduated at Middlebury College in 1805 ; and died in Baltimore, April 1G, 1831. He represented the State of Vermont in Con gress from 1820 to 1831, and took an ac tive part in nil matters appertaining to Commerce, as Chairman of an important committee. He was held in the highest estimation both for his public acts and private virtues. Mallory, Francis. -He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. Died at Norfolk, March 26, 1860. Mallory, Meredith. "Born in Con necticut, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Mallory, Robert. He was born in Madison County, Virginia, November 15, 1815; graduated at the University of Vir ginia in 1827; removed to Kentucky in 1839, where he has devoted the most of his life to agricultural pursuits; and he was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals; re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals ; and also elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven tion" of 1866. Mallory, Rufus. He was born in Cheuango County, New York, June 10, 1831 ; in 1855 he removed to Iowa, where he resided three years ; in 1858 he settled in Oregon, and, having studied law, came to the bar in 1861 ; was soon afterwards elected Prosecuting Attorney for the first Judicial District; in 1862 he was elected to the State Legislature; after serving one session, he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney for the Third Judicial District, which office he held until 1866 ; and in that year he was elected a Representative from Oregon to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Mines and Mining, and the Pacific Railway. Mallory, Stephen JR. He was born in Nassau, about 1810; removed to Key West, Florida, when young; studied law and came to the bar in that State ; was a Delegate to the "Nashville Convention" of 1850; and he was at one time a corre spondent for the "New York Herald." He was a Senator in Congress, from Flor ida, having been elected in 1851, serving continuously, by re-election, until 1861. He was Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and a member of the Com mittee on Claims. He was expelled March 11, 1861, and took part in the Rebellion as Secretary of the Rebel Navy. After the Rebellion he was arrested as a Pris oner of State, and released on his parole in March, 1866, and in 1S67 ho was par doned by President Johnson. Mangum, Willie P. Born in Orange County, North Carolina, in 1792, and graduated at the University of that State in 1815. He studied law, rose to eminence in his profession, entered into politics, and was elected to the House of Commons in 1818. In 1819 he was elected a Judge of the Superior Court ; and from 1823 to 1826 served as a Representative in Congress. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1829. He was elected a United States Senator in 1831, re-elected in 1841, and for a third term of six years, in 1847, serving from 1842 to 1845 as President pro tern., of that body. In 1837 he re ceived eleven electoral votes for President of the United States; and, during the administration of President Tyler, was President of the United States Senate. He subsequently lived in retirement at his home in North Carolina. Died Septem ber 14, 1861. Mann, . He was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1827 to 1833. He was dis tinguished for his talents and public usefulness. He retired to bed slightly indisposed, and was found dead in the morning. He died at Charleston, Novem ber 17, 1833, aged forty-five years. Martindale, Henry C. He was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts ; graduated at Williams College in 1800; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1831, and again from 1833 to 1835. Died in 1860, aged eighty years. Marvin, Dudley. Was a native of Lyrne, Connecticut, from which place he removed to Canandaigua, New York, in 1807. He was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of law in 1811, and soon attained eminence in his profes sion. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1823 to 1829. In 1844 he removed to Ripley, Chautauque County, and was again elected to Congress, serv ing from 1847 to 1849. He died at Ripley, New York, June 25, 1852, aged sixty-five years. Marvin, James M. Born 5n Ball- ston, Saratoga County, New York, Feb- uary 27, 1809; spent a portion of his boyhood on a farm, but received a good education. In 1846 he was elected to the House of Assembly; was a County Super visor for three terms ; is proprietor of one of the large Saratoga hotels, and has chiefly been engaged for years past in taking care of a large estate. In 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and was made Chairman of the Commit tee on Expenses in the Treasury Depart ment. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Territo ries. Marvin, Richard P. He was born in New York; served in the Assembly of that State, from Chautauque County, in 183G, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841, and in 1855 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court. Mason, Armistead Thomson. Born in London County, Virginia, in 1785, and educated at William and Mary Col lege ; was a farmer by occupation, and a Colonel in the war of 1812; and a United States Senator, from Virginia, from 1816 to 1817. He fell in the memorable duel with Colonel McCarty, February 6, 1819. Mason, James B. He was a mem ber of the Rhode Island House of Repre sentatives for many years, and for a part of the time was Speaker; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1815 to 1819. Mason, James M. Born on Ana- loston Island, Fairfax County, Virginia, November 3, 1798. He received a good education, and graduated at the Univer sity of Pennsylvania in 1818 ; he studied law at the College of William and Mary, and obtained a license to practice in 1820 ; in 1826 he was elected to the House of Delegates, and twice re-elected; was a Presidential Elector in 1833; he was a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1839 ; in 1847 he was elected a Senator in Congress in the place of Senator Penny- backer, and re-elected in 1849, in which position he continued until 1861, having for several sessions been Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 ; went to England as a Minister of the Rebel government, was captured by the San Jacinto, imprisoned in Fort Warren, and after his release took up his residence in, Europe. He was expelled from the Sen ate in July, 1861. His term would have expired in 1863. Mason, Jeremiah. Born at Leb anon, Connecticut, April 27, 1768, and .died at Boston, November 14, 1848. Des- 'tined for professional life, he entered Yale College, and, after graduating in 1788, en tered upon the study of law, and acquired the reputation of being profoundly learned in common law. He went to Vermont, and was admitted to the bar of that State, but subsequently removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where he became the friend of Daniel Webster, who always spoke of him in extravagant terms of praise. In 1802 he was appointed Attor ney-General of the State, and from 1813 to 1817 was a Senator in Congress, hav ing resigned for the purpose of devoting himself to his profession. He removed to Boston in 1832, and on reaching the age of seventy he left the bar, though" he was consulted as chamber-counsel to tho close of his life. 202 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOKDS. Mason, John C. He was born in Kentucky, and elected a Representative, IVora that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, and was Chairman of the Commit tee on Accounts. Mason, John Thomson. Born at Montpelier, Washington County, Mary land, in May, 1815; graduated at Prince ton College in 1836 ; read law in Hagcrs- town, and was admitted to the bar in 1838 ; the same year was elected a mem ber of the Legislature of Maryland, and re-elected in 1839. He was a Represent ative in Congress from 1841 to 1843, being at that time the youngest man in Con gress. In 1851 he was elected by the people, under the new Constitution of the State, a Judge of the Court of Appeals, which position he fllled till 1857, when he resigned, and was appointed Collector of the port of Baltimore. Mason, John Y. He was born at Greensville, Sussex County, Virginia, April 18, 1799 ; graduated at the Univer sity of North Carolina in 1816, fcom which institution he received the degree of LL.D.; adopted the profession of law, and was a Federal Judge of the Eastern Dis trict Court of Virginia ; Judge also of the General Court of Virginia ; served about ten years in the State Legislature ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1831 to 1837; was a Delegate to the Conventions of 1828 and 1849 for revising the State Constitution ; a mem ber of President Tyler's cabinet, as Sec retary of the Navy ; a member of Presi dent Polk's cabinet, first as Attorney- General, and secondly as Secretary of the Navy ; was subsequently President of the James River and Kanawha Company ; and was appointed, by President Pierce, Min ister to France, in which position he was continued by President Buchanan. Died in Paris, of apoplexy, October 3, 1859. Mason, Jonathan. He was born in 1757 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1774 ; and died at Boston, November 1, 1831. He was a Senator of the United States, from Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803 ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1820, when he resigned. Mason, Moses. Re was a County Commissioner from 1831 to 1834 ; a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1834 to 1837 ; subsequently a member of the State Executive Council. Died at Bethel, June 25th, 1866, aged seventy-five years. Mason, Samson. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1835 to 1843. He was afterwards a member of the Con vention which formed the State Constitu tion. Mason, Stevens Thomson. HQ was born in Chapawansick, Stafford County, Virginia, in 1760; educated at William and Mary College ; he was a law yer by profession, and an officer in the Revolutionary war, attaining to the rank of General; was a member of the Vir ginia House of Burgesses ; and a Senator of the United States, from Virginia, from 1794 to 1803 ; also a Presidential Elector in 1792 ; a member of the Convention to form the Constitution of Virginia, and a member of the State Legislature. He died in 1803. Mason, William. He was born in Connecticut ; served in the Legislature of New York, from Chenango County, from 1820 to 1822 ; and Avas a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837. Masters, JosiaJi.Eorn in Wood- bury, Connecticut, October 22, 17G3 ; grad uated at Yale College in 1784, soon after which he removed to Schaghticoke, Rens- selaer County, New York, which was thereafter his place of residence. He was a prominent member of the State Legis lature in 1792, 1800, and 1801, when he was appointed Associate Judge of Rensselaer County ; and from 1805 to 1809 was a Rep resentative in Congress. In 1808 he was chosen first Judge of the County Court of Common Pleas, which office he held until his death. He was a zealous supporter of the general measures against Great Britain during the war of 1812, yet he opposed with great earnestness, in several able speeches, the embargo, non-intercourse, and other commercial restrictions. He numbered among his personal friends such patriots as Jefferson, Randolph, Madison, Clay, etc., and was a co-operator and ad viser of De Witt Clinton in the system of internal improvements which gave to New York the rank of the Empire State. He died June 30, 1822. Mathews, George. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1789 to 1791, and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Govern ment on the Potomac. Mathews, James. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. Matheivs, Vincent. Born in Orange County, New York, June 29, 1766. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1790; and fixing his residence near El- mira, Tioga County, was elected a State Representative in 1793 and in 1796 chosen a State Senator. In 1798 he was elected a Commissioner to settle certain claims for bounty land; and from 1809 to 1811 he was a Representative in Congress. In 1812 he was appointed District Attorney for a BIOGRAPHICAL RECOEDS. 263 number of counties in Western New York ; and in 181G he removed from Elmira to Bath, and thence to Rochester, pursuing the practice of his profession, in different places, for no less a period than lifty-six years. Toward the close of his life he served a second time in the Assembly of the State and was District Attorney for Monroe County. The College of Geneva conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Laws when he was nearly seventy-five years old, and he died at Rochester, Au gust 23. 1846. Mathewson, Elisha.Ke was at different periods a member of the General Assembly of Rhode Island ; once a Speaker in the House ; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1811. He died at Scituate, Rhode Island, October 14, 1853, aged eighty-six years. MatJiiot, Joshua. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Died July 30, 1849, at Newark, Ohio. Matlacfc, James. He was born in Gloucester County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1825, and died at Wood- bury, in same State, January 15, 1840. MatlacJc, Timothy. He was a Del egate from Pennsylvania, to the Continen tal Congress, from 1780 to 1781. Matson, Aaron. He was born in Plymouth, Massachusetts ; for many years Judge of Probate in Cheshire County, New Hampshire ; a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1821 to 1825 ; a State Councillor from 1819 to 1821 ; and died at Newport, Vermont, July 18, 1855, aged eighty-tive years. Matteson, Orsamus B.lIe was born in New York, and was elected a Rep resentative, from that State, to the Thirty- first, Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth (when he resigned), and also to the Thirty-fifth Congresses. Matthews, John. lie was born in 1744; took the popular side in the Revo lution; was a Delegate from South Caro lina to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1782 ; was a signer of the Articles of Confederation; was Governor of South Carolina in 1783 ; in 1784 he was appointed a Judge of the Court of Equity; and died in 1802. Matthews, William. He was a Rep resentative iii Congress, from Maryland, from 1797 to 1799. Mattocks, John. Born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1776, and was a resident of Peacham, Vermont ; he was for many years distinguished as a successful lawyer ; had held various public trusts, being for two years Judge of the Supreme Court of Vermont ; and a Representative in Con gress, from 1821 to 1825, and from 1841 to 1843 ; also Governor of the State, one year, declining a re-election to that office. Ho died at Peacham, Vermont, August 14, 1847. Mattoon, Ebenezer. Born in Am- hcrst, Massachusetts; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1776; in 1797 he was a Presidential Elector; he was a Major in the war of 1812, and Sheriff of Hampshire ; a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803, having succeeded L. Lyman, resigned ; and, iu 1816, he was chosen Adjutant-General of Militia. He died in Amherst, September 11, 1843, aged eighty-eight years. Maurice, James. lie was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Mauri/, Abraham P. A Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839 ; died at his residence, in Williamson County, Tennessee, July 22, 1848. Maxwell, Augustus E. Born in Elberton, Georgia, September 21, 1820; received the benefit of country schools in Alabama, and graduated at the University of Virginia; studied law; removed to Florida; was elected in 1847 to the As sembly of that State ; was Secretary of State in 1848 ; a State Senator in 1849 ; was a member of Congress from 1853 to 1857, refusing a re-nomination; and in 1857 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Navy Agent at Pensacola, Florida. In 1866 he was appointed President of the Peusacola and Montgomery Railroad. Maxwell, George C.Hc was a na tive of New Jersey; graduated at Prince ton College in 1792 ; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813. Maxwell, J. JP. B. Born in New Jersey in 1805; graduated at Princeton College in 1823; studied law, was ad mitted to the bar in 1827; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He died at Belvidere, New Jersey, November 14, 1845. He was a candidate for election to the Twenty-sixth Congress, and although he 'came with the broad seal of his State, he was not admitted. Maxwell, Lewis. He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1827 to 1833. 2G4 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Maxwell, Thomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. May, Henry. He was born in the District of Columbia; received a liberal education ; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 1855. Re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was appointed by President Pierce to visit Mexico on business with the " Gardi ner Claim ; " and during the Rebellion he voluntarily went to Richmond on a peace mission, but was unsuccessful. Died in Baltimore, September 25, 1863. May, William L. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1835 to 1839. Mayall, Samuel. He was born in Maine ; served in the State Legislature in 1845, 1847, and 1848 ; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Maine, from 1853 to 1855. Maynard, Horace. He was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, August 30, 1814; graduated at Amherst College in 1838, and soon afterwards emigrated to Tennessee. He entered the University of East Tennessee as a tutor, and subse quently received the appointment of Pro fessor of Mathematics in that institution ; during that period he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1844. He acquired an extensive practice in his profession; held a number of local offices in his adopt ed State; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-fifth Con gress. During the first session of that Congress he was Chairman of the Special Committee to investigate the accounts of William Cullom, late Clerk of the House of Representatives, and was a member of the Committee on Claims. He was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serv ing on the same Committee; and also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. For his loyalty, during the troubles of 1861, his property was confiscated, and he, as well as his family, were driven from East ern Tennessee by the Rebel government. He was a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention " of 1864. After the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he was re-elected a Representative from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admit ted to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Southern Railroads, and placed on the Committee on the District of Columbia. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Ways and Means, and was President of the " Border State Convention" held in Baltimore, in 1867. Maynard, John. He was a resi dent of New York, and graduated at Union College in 1810; studied law and com menced practice at Seneca Falls, and then removed to Auburn. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and gave a zealous support to the administration of Mr. Adams ; he was subsequently a member of the New York Senate for four years, and again, from 1841 to 1843, a member of Congress ; he was Judge of the Supreme Court of New York, and from January, 1850, a Judge of the Court of Appeals. He died in Auburn, New York, March 24, 1850. May rant, William. He was a native of South Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, during the years 1815 and 1816. Meacham, James. Born in Rut land, Vermont, in 1810; graduated at Mid- dlebury College in 1832 ; was tutor there ; studied theology; was settled in New Haven, Vermont; was called from his parish to the Professorship of Elocution and English Literature in Middlebury College, when, in 1849, he was elected a Representative in Congress, and twice re- elected. At the time of his death, Augus't 22, 1856, he was a member of Congress, and a Regent of the Smithsonian Institu tion. Mead, Cotvles.He was elected a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, in 1805, but his election was successfully contested by Thomas Spalding; and in 1806 he was appointed, by President Jef ferson, Secretary of Mississippi Terri tory. Meade, Hichard K. He was born in Virginia; received a liberal education; and adopted the profession of law ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1847 to 1853; was appointed, by President Pierce, in 1853, Charge d' Affaires to Sardinia ; and in 1857 was ap pointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Brazil, which mission he held until 1861. Died in April, 1862. Mebane, Alexander. Born in Hawtield, Orange County, North Carolina, November 26, 1767, and died July 5, 1795, He was a member of the Convention, in 1776, that met to form the State Constitu tion ; served a number of years in the Leg islature ; and was in Congress during the years 1793 and 1794, from North Carolina. He was distinguished for his sense, integ rity, and firmness. MeMll, William. He was born in New Castle County, Delaware ; received BIOGRAPHICAL KECOKDS. 2G5 an academical education ; he studied law, and, having removed to Ohio, was admitted to the bar of that State in 1832 ; he was soon after elected to the State Legislature, serving a number of years, and was twice elected Speaker; he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843 ; by President Polk he was appointed First Assistant Post master-General, and subsequently held the office of Commissioner of Indian Af fairs ; in 1850 he was a member of the Convention called to revise the State Con stitution, and chosen Chairman; in 1851 and 1852 he was elected Lieutenaut-Gov- ernor of Ohio; in 1853 he was elected Governor of Ohio ; and, by President Bu chanan, was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury. Died at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, September 2, 18G5. Meech, Ezra. He was born in New London, Connecticut, July 26, 1773 ; was associated in early life with John Jacob Astor in the fur trade; in 1806 became agent of the North- west Fur Company ; and in 1809 was agent for supplying the British Government with spars and timber. Hav ing settled in Vermont, he was, in 1822 and 1823, elected Chief Justice of Chittenden County; and was a member of the " Con stitutional Conventions " of 1822 and 1826. He was elected, in 1805 and 1807, to the State Legislature; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Vermont, from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1825 to 1827. In 1841 he was a Presidential Elector. Dur ing the latter years of his life he was de voted to agricultural pursuits, and owned one farm, kept in a high state of cultiva tion, which contained three thousand acres, and upon which have been seen a Hock of three thousand sheep, and a herd of eight hundred oxen. He was remarkable for his intelligence and hospitality, and not less so for his personal appearance, as he meas ured six feet five inches in height, and weighed three hundred and seventy pounds; and, strange as it may seem, he was one of the most expert trout-fishers in the country. He died at Shelburne, Vermont, September 23, 1856. Sfeigs, Henry. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, Octo'ber 28, 1782 ; graduated at Yale College in 1798 ; educated a lawyer, and was elected a Representative in Con gress, from New York City, from 1819 to 1821, and for many years was an active officer, Recording Secretary, and Trustee of the American Institute in New York. It was said of him, as something remark able, that he never wore an overcoat, never had a sore throat or headache, and, when seventy years of age, did not use glasses. Died 111 New York, May 20, 1861. Meigs, Return J. Was a native of Middletown, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1785, and was a Uuvyerby profession. He removed to Ohio, and be came a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; was a Senator in Congress, from 1808 to 1810; and was Governor of the State from 1810 to 1814. He was ap pointed Postmaster-General of the United States in 1814, and held the office nine years. He died at Marietta, March 29, 1825. Mellen, Prentiss. Born in Ster ling, Massachusetts, October 11, 1764; graduated at Cambridge in 1784 ; studied law, and settled at Bridgewater; in 1792 he became a citizen of Biddeford, Maine, and in 1806 settled at Portland. In 1817 he was chosen a Senator in Congress from Massachusetts; also a Presidential Elector in 1817 ; and on the separation of Maine, in 1820, he resigned his seat in the Senate, and was elected the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine. He occupied a high position as a lawyer and jurist; and in 1834, after becoming disqualified by age to serve as judge, he resumed the practice of law. His decis ions may be found in the first eleven vol umes of the Maine Reports. He was also a Trustee of Bowdoiu College, from 1817 to 1836 ; and in 1828 received the degree of LL.D. from that institution. He died at Portland, December 31, 1840. Menifee, Richard H. He was a member of Congress, from Kentucky, from 1837 to 1839, and died at Frankfort, Febru ary 21, 1841. Menzies, John W. "Was born in Fayette County, Kentucky, April 12, 1819; graduated at the University of Virginia in 1840 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1841, establishing himself in Covington, Kentucky, where he has ever since prac tised his profession. In 1848 and 1855 he was elected to the General Assembly of Kentucky; and in 1861 he was elected a Representative from Kentucky, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and Unfinished Business. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864. Mercer, Charles Fenton. Born in Fredericksburg, Virginia, June 6, 1778; graduated at Princeton in 1797. In 1798, while a student of law, he tendered his services to General Washington for the defence of the country against a threat ened invasion by the French, and received from him a commission as First Lieutenant of Cavalry, and soon after that of Captain, which he declined, not intending to devote his life to the military profession. In 1803, after spending a year in Europe, he returned and practised law. From 1810 to 1817 he was a member of the General Assembly of Virginia. In 1811 he was 266 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. again called to military duty by the Gen eral Government; and in 1813 was ap pointed Aid to the Governor, and rose to the rank of Brigadier-General of Militia, having command of the forces at Norfolk. In 1816, as Chairman of the Committee on Finance, in the Legislature, he de voted his time to the promotion of internal improvements, and was chief supporter of the measure for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and was appointed President of the Canal Company. He was a member of Congress from 1817 to 1840. In 1853 he visited Europe from philanthropic mo tives, at his own expense, and used his efforts for the entire abolition of the African slave-trade, conferring with the chief executive officers of most of the kingdoms of Europe on the subject. He died at Howard, near Alexandria, Vir ginia May 4, 1858. Mercer, James* He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1779 to 1780. Mercer, John F. He was a soldier of the Revolution; was a member of the old Congress, in 1782; was a member, from Maryland, of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, but did not sign that instrument ; a Representa tive in the new Congress, from 1792 to 1794 ; Governor of Maryland, from 1801 to 1803 ; also a member of the Legislature of that State; and died at Philadelphia, August 30, 1821, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. Mercur, Ulysses. Ho was born in Towanda, Bradford County, Pennsyl vania, August 12, 1818; graduated at Jefferson College in 1842; studied la\v while in college, and came to the bar in 1843; was a Presidential Elector in 1860; in March, 1861, he was appointed Presi dent Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, and elected to the office in October following for a term of ten years, but which he resigned on being elected, in 1864, a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, and Southern Railroads ; re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Meredith, Samuel. He was born in Philadelphia in 1750; was among the first to espouse the cause of the Revolu tion, in which he served and suffered, and acquitted himself with credit at the bat tles of Trenton and Princeton ; and he was one of those who enjoyed the confi dence and friendship of Washington. He served for a time in the Colonial Legisla ture of Pennsylvania; was a Delegate, from that State, to the Continental Con gress in 1787 and 1788 ; and on the organ ization of the Federal Government he was appointed, by President Washington, Treasurer of the United States, in which office he continued until 1801, when he re signed. He died at Belmout, his seat in Wayne County, Pennsylvania, in 1817. He and his brother-in-law, George Cly- mer, gave 10,000 in silver to carry on the war. Meriwether, David. He was a Representative in Congress, from Geor gia, from 1802 to 1807 ; and was appointed, by President Jefferson, in 180-1, a Commis sioner to treat with the Creek Indians. He was a Presidential Elector in 1813 and in 1826. Meriwether, David. He was a Senator in Congress, from Kentucky, by appointment, for one session, in 1852, and was appointed, by President Pierce, May 6, 1853, Governor of the Terricory of New Mexico. Meriwether, I. A. He was born in Georgia,and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Meriwether, James. lie was born in Wilke.s County, Georgia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1825 to 1827. Merriclc, William D. He filled several prominent positions in the State of Maryland, and served in the United States Senate, from 1838 to 1845. lie died in Washington, District of Columbia, Feb ruary 5, 1857, at an advanced age. He was the author of the cheap postage scheme in Congress. Merrill, Orsamus C.lle was a Representative in Congress, from Ver mont, from 1817 to 1820, when his seat was successfully contested by R. C. Mai- lory ; and also held the positions in that State of County Attorney for two years, State Councillor for four years, State Senator for one year, Register of Probate for two years, and Judge of Probate for six years. He was born in Vermont in 1776, and died at Beuuiugton, in that State, April 11, 1865. Mervin, Orange. He was born in Litchfleld, Connecticut, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1825 to 1829. Metcalf, Arunah. He was a native of New York ; a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813, and subsequently served four years in the Assembly of New York, from Otsego County. Metcalf e, TJiomas.lle was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, March 20, BIOaKAPHICAL EECOEDS. 267 1780. When he was quite young, his par ents emigrated to Kentucky, and settled in Fayette, where his education was re stricted to the advantages of a few months' attendance at a country school. He worked at the trade of a mason, but employed his leisure hours in study, and soon developed remarkable intellectual abilities. In 1809 he first appeared as a public speaker, in defence of his country against British op pression; served in the war of 1812, and in 1813 commanded a company of infantry at the battle of Fort Meigs, and greatly distinguished himself for his bravery. He was subsequently a member of the Ken tucky Legislature for several years, and was a Representative in Congress from 1819 to 1829, when he was elected Gov ernor of Kentucky, which office he held until 1833. In 1834 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1810 was chosen President of the Board of Internal Im provement. In 1848 he was appointed and elected to fill the unexpired term of Mr. Crittenden in the Senate of the United States, after which he retired to his farm, between Maysville and Lexington. He boasted of his service as a stone-mason, and delighted in being called the " Old Stone Hammer." He died in Nicholas County, Kentucky, August 1&, 1855. MiddleswartJi, Ner.He was born in New Jersey, and on removing to Penn sylvania was elected to the State Legisla ture and made Speaker, and also elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Died June 2, 1865. Middleton, Arthur, He was born on Ashley River, South Carolina, in 1743 ; after a course of studies at Westminster, he graduated at Cambridge, England; travelled two years in Europe ; on his re turn home he was placed on various local committees looking to liberty; in 1775 he was one of the " Council of Safety ; " was the author of the first draught of the State Constitution, and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1788, and again from 1781 to 1783, and signed the Declaration of Independence. On the surrender of Charleston he was taken prisoner, but released in a few months by exchange. He served frequently in the State Legislature ; and while attempting to retrieve his fortune, which had been seriously affected by the war, he died, Jan uary 1, 1787. Middleton, George. Was born in Philadelphia, October 14, 1811; came of the old stock of the Society of Friends ; re ceived a common-school education ; while yet a boy removed with his father to New Jersey, and settled in Burlington; was engaged fo- many years in the business of tanning ; was twice elected to the Legis lature of New Jersey ; has been noted iu his district as a local peace-maker among his neighbors ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Agriculture, and on the Expendi tures in the Interior Department. Middleton, Henry. He was born in South Carolina ; was a Delegate, from South Carolina, to the Continental Con gress, from 1774 to 1776, and was the sec ond member called to officiate as President over that body. His son, bearing the same name, was subsequently a Representative in the Federal Congress. Middleton, Henry. A native of South Carolina ; was chosen a Represent ative in the State Legislature iu 1801 ; then State Senator until elected Governor in 1810. From 1815 to 1819 he was a Rep resentative in Congress, and in 1820 was appointed, by President Monroe, Minister to Russia, which position he filled for many years. He died in Charleston, South Carolina, June 14, 1846. Mlfflln, Thomas* He was born at Philadelphia in 1744; was educated for the mercantile profession, and, after a tour in Europe, entered that business with his brother. In 1772 he was a Representative, from Philadelphia, in the Provincial As sembly, and was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1774 to 1776. He distinguished himself as Major in the army at the battle of Lexing ton, and in 1776 was appointed Quarter master-General, and subsequently Briga dier-General, and in 1777 attained the rank of Major-Geueral. He was active iu rais ing new regiments for the war previous to the battle of Trenton. In 1782 he was again sent as Delegate to the Continental Congress, serving until 1783, and was Pres ident of that body, after which he retired to private life. In 1785 he was Speaker of the State Legislature; in 1787 was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, and signed that instrument; in 1788 he was made President of the Supreme Executive Council. He commanded the Pennsylva nia troops during the Whiskey Insurrec tion ; and in 1790 was a member of the Convention for forming the State Consti tution of Pennsylvania, and was chosen first Governor ; served nine years, and was again sent to the Legislature. He died January 21, 1800. Miles, W. Porcher. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, in July, 1828 ; prepared for college at the " Wellington School," and graduated at the Charleston College; studied law; was for several years Assistant Professor of Mathematics in Charleston College ; he was Mayor of Charleston in 1856 and 1857, and inaugu rated the present police system of that 268 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. city, and also the present system of tidal drains for the same ; and he was elected a Representative, from South Carolina, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth. Mr. Miles has been a frequent contributor to the " Southern Quarterly Review," and has delivered a number of literary and patriotic addresses. It ought to be mentioned, that when the yellow fever was raging in Norfolk, in 1855, Mr. Miles visited that city as a humani tarian, and for that conduct was rewarded with the office of Mayor of Charleston. His Committees have been those on Com merce, and Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Was elect ed a member of the South Carolina " Se ceding Convention " in 1860, and resigned his seat in Congress. Served as a Colo nel in the Rebellion, and as a member of the Confederate Congress. Milled ge, John. He was born in Savannah, Georgia, and descended from one of the early settlers of the colony. He frequently served in the Legislature, and in 1780 he was appointed Attorney-General of the State, and Governor in 1802. He was a Representative in Congress from 1792 to 1802, excepting one term, and a Senator of the United States from 1806 to 1809, serving for a session as President pro tern, of the Senate. He was the prin cipal founder of the University of Geor gia, and presented the land which forms its site. He died at his country-seat, at the Sand Hills, February 9, 1818. His memory was honored by an act of the Legislature calling the capital of the State Milledgeville. Millen, John* He was born in Sa vannah, Georgia, in 1804 ; was educated a lawyer ; served in the Legislature of Geor gia; and died near Savannah, October 15, 1843, about ten days after his election to a seat in the National House of Representa tives in the Twenty-eighth Congress. Miller, Daniel .F. Born in Alle- ghany County, Maryland, October 4, 1814; studied law in Pittsburg, and admitted to the bar in 1838; emigrated to Iowa in 1839 ; and during the following year was elected to the Legislature of that Terri tory. In 1848 he was the Whig candi date for Congress; but his seat having been contested, a new election took place in 1850, when he was elected for the term ending in 1851. In 1856 he was a Presi dential Elector, since which time he has resided in Fort Madison. Miller, Daniel J3T. He was a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1831. Died many years ago. Miller, George F. He was born in Chillisquaque, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, Septembers, 1809; received an academical education, laboring to sup port himself during vacations ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833 ; took an ac tive part in local politics, but frequently declined nominations for county and State offices; was for a number of years Secre tary of the Lewisburg University in Penn sylvania, and in 1864 was elected a Rep resentative, from Pennsylvania, to tho Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Roads and Caiials, and Expenditures in the War Department. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Pensions and Revolutionary Pensions. Miller, Jacob W. Born in Morris Count3 r , New Jersey, in 1802 ; bred a law yer; and was a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1841 to 1847; and having been re-elected, served until 1853. Died at Morristovvn, New Jersey, Sep tember 30, 1862. Miller, Jesse. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1836 to 1837, and died at llarrisburg, August 20, 1850. By President Jackson he was appointed tirst Auditor of the Treasury, and held the position until 1841. He was also Canal Commissioner of Pennsylvania in 1845 and 1846, and Secretary of State from 1846 to 1848, serv ing for a short time as acting Governor of the State. Miller, JoJin. Born in Amenia, Duchess County, New York, November 10, 1774 ; educated at private schools ; in 1793 commenced the study of medicine and attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania; was chosen Vice-Presi dent of the Cortlaud County Medical As sociation, in 1808; from 1805 to 1825 he was Postmaster of Truxton; from 1812 to 1821 he was a Justice of the Peace; was a member of the State Legislature in 1817, 1820 and 1845; was a Representative from New York, to the Nineteenth Con gress ; and a Delegate to the " State Con stitutional Convention" of 1846. Died in March, 1862. Miller, John. He was distinguished for his courage as an officer in the last war with England ; soon after the strug gle, he was appointed Register of the Land Office in Missouri; subsequently elected Governor of the State ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1843. Died near Florrissant, Missouri, March 18, 1846. Miller, John G. Born in Kentucky, and in 1835 emigrated to Missouri. lu 1840 was elected to the State Legislature, and from 1853 to the time of his death ha was a Representative in Congress, from EIOGXAPIIICAL EECOEDS. 269 Missouri. Died in Saline County, Mis souri, May 11, 1856, aged forty-four. Miller, John K. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Wilier, Joseph, He was born in Ohio ; was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Unfinished Business, and Expenditures in the Navy Department. Miller, Killian* Born in Claverack, Columbia County, New York, July 30, 1785; received a good common-school education, with instruction in the Latin and Greek languages. He studied law, and was admitted to practice in 180G; from that time continued to pursue his profession, removing from Livingston to Hudson City in 1833. In 1824 and in 1827 he was a member of the General Assem bly, and in 1837 was elected County Clerk, which office he held for three years. In 1854 he was chosen a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress. Miller, Morris S. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815; and in 1819 was ap pointed a Commissioner to superintend a treaty with the Seneca Indians. He was also Judge of a County Court, and died at Utica, November 15, 1824, aged forty-five years. Miller, Nathan. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Rhode Island, in 1785 and 1786. Miller, Pleasant M. He was a Eepresentative. in Congress, from Ten nessee, from 1809 to 1811. Miller, Butger J3. Born in New York, and was a Representative, from that State, in the Twenty-fourth Congress, in the place of S. Beardsley, resigned. Miller, Samuel .F. He was born in Franklin, Delaware County, New York, May 27, 1827 ; graduated at Hamilton Col lege in 1852 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1853, but instead of practising the profession turned his attention to farming and lumbering. In 1854 he was elected to the New York Legislature; in 1850 and 1857 he was Supervisor of Franklin ; was for fifteen years identified as a Colonel with the State Militia ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on 'ne Committee on Public Lands. He was also a Delegate to the " State Constitution al Convention " of 1867. Miller, Smith. He is a native of North Carolina, but when a youth removed with his father to Indiana. His school education was limited, and he engaged in farming as an occupation. He was a member of both branches of the Legisla ture of Indiana, and a Representative in Congress from 1853 to 1855. Miller, Stephen J>. He was born in the Waxsavv Settlement, South Carolina, in May, 1787; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1808 ; adopted the pro fession of law ; came to the bar in 1812; served in the South Carolina Senate in 1822; represented his native State in the Lower House of Congress from 1819 to 1820; was Governor of South Carolina from 1828 to 1830 ; and elected a Senator in Congress for the term from 1831 to 1837, but resigned on account of his health at the end of two years. He died at Ray mond, Mississippi, March 8, 1838, having removed to that State in 1835, where he was an extensive planter. Miller, William H. Born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, January 29, 1828; graduated at Marshall College, Franklin, Pennsylvania; in 1854 was appointed Clerk of the Supreme Court of his native State, which office he held until 1863 ; and he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on In valid Pensions. His father, Jesse Miller, was also a Representative in Congress. Miller, William S. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847, and a man of high cultivation. He died in New York City, November 9, 1854. Milligan, John J. Born in Cecil County, Maryland, December 10, 1795; after receiving an academical education, he entered Princeton College, and re mained three years ; he then studied law, and was admitted to practice in New Cas tle County, Delaware, in 1818, and pur sued his profession for several years, but subsequently retired to a country seat near Wilmington. In 1830 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from Delaware, and served from 1831 to 1839. In 1839 he Avas ap pointed, by the Governor, Judge of the Superior Court of the State of Delaware, and has continued in this position ever since. Mills, Elijah H. Born in 1778; graduated at Williams College in 1797; studied law; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1819, and a Senator in Congress, from 1820 to 1827. He died at Northampton, May 5, 1829. Millson, John S. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, October 1, 1808, and commenced 270 BIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. the study of law before the age of six teen ; he held no public office until elected a Representative from Virginia in the Thirty-first Congress, which position he filled, by re-elections, until 1860, -serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce, and Ways and Means, and of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. In 1844 and 1849 he was also a Presidential Elector. Millward, John. Born in Penn sylvania, and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Patents. 'Millward, William. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Milnor, James. He was born in Philadelphia, June 20, 1773; he received his education at a grammar school and at the University of Pennsylvania, and sub sequently studied law. In 1794 he com menced the practice of his profession be fore he was twenty-one years of age. From 1811 to 1813 he was a Representa tive, from Pennsylvania, in Congress. In 1811 he was elected a Delegate to the General Convention of the Episcopal Church, and in 1814 was ordained a cler gyman by Bishop White, and in 1816 was called to the rectorship of St. George's Church, in New York. He was one of the founders of the New York Deaf and Dumb Institution, and after spending the even ing in company with its directors, in ap parent good health, died suddenly, April 8, 1845. Milnor, William. He was born in Philadelphia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1807 to 1811, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1821 to 1822. Miner, Ahiman L. He was born in Vermont; was Clerk of the Vermont House of Representatives in 1836 and 1837 ; a State Representative in 1838, 1839 and 1845; a State Senator in 1840; Coun ty Attorney for two years ; Register of Probate for seven years ; Judge of Pro bate from 1846 to 1849 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1851 to 1853. Miner, Charles. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, about the year 1778; when a boy of nineteen, removed with his father to Wilkesbarre, Pennsyl vania, and subsequently settled in West- Chester, and for many years published the "Village Record" in that place, which at tained a high position. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829, and declined a re-elec tion on account of deafness. lie was the author of an interesting work entitled " History of Wyoming; " and was one of the first men in this country to introduce and write upon the silk-growing business. Died at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania. Octo ber, 26, 1865, universally respected for his high character and ability. Miner, Phineas. He was an emi nent lawyer, and a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, during the years 1834 and 1835, for an unexpired term. He died at Litchflcld, in that State, Septem ber 16, 1839, aged sixty years. Mitchell, Anderson. Born in Gas- well County, North Carolina, in 1800. He graduated at the University of tlwit State in 1821 ; studied law, and settled in Wilkes County in 1840, when he was immediately elected to the Legislature. He was a member of Congress in 1842 and 1843; and was subsequently devoted to his pro fession. Mitchell, Charles B. He was elected a Senator in Congress, from Arkan sas, for the term of six years, commenc ing March 4, 1SG1, but was expelled by the Senate July 11, 1861. Mitchell, Charles F. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Mitchell, George E. He was born in Cecil County, Maryland, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1823 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1832. He died in Washington, June 28, 1832. Mitchell, Henry. He was born in Woodbury, Connecticut, in 1784 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the: pro fession of medicine; after practising for a while in Connecticut he removed to New York, and, after receiving from Yale Col lege the title of M. I)., practised his pro fession in New York with eminent success ; in 1827 he was elected to the Legislature of his adopted State ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835. Died in Norwich, New York, January 12, 1858. MitcJiell, James C. He was born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1825 to 1829. Mitchell, James . He was born in York County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1821 to 1827. Mitchell, John. He was born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, and was a BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 271 Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1825 to 1829. He died at Beaver, Pennsylvania, iu August, 1849. Mitchell, Nahum. Born in East Brldgewnter, Massachusetts, February 12, 1709 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1789 ; taught school, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1792. From 1811 to 1821 he was Judge of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas, and afterwards Chief Justice. From 1798 to 1812 he was a Rep resentative in the General Court ; and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1805. In 1813 to 1814 he was State Sena tor; and from 1814 to 1820 he was one of the Governor's Council ; and from 1822 to 1827 he was Treasurer of the State. In 1840 he -published a History of Bridge- water. Massachusetts ; was a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society; and published a volume of sacred music, entitled the "Bridgewater Collection." He fell and died suddenly in one of the streets of Plymouth, August 1, 1853, while attending the first celebration of the em barkation of the Pigrims at Delft Haven. Mitchell, Nathaniel. He was a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Conti nental Congress, from 178G to 1788. Mitchell, Robert . He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1835, from Ohio. Mitchell, Samuel Latham. Born on Long Island in 17G3, and was well edu cated ; after the close of the war he went to Edinburgh, and there studied medicine and natural history. On his return he was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in Columbia College; and his practice as a physician was extensive ; he edited, with Dr. Smith, fourteen vol umes of the "Medical Repository;" he also published a "Life of Tammany," the Indian chief, and other useful works, his torical and scientific. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1801 to 1804, and again from 1810 to 1813; and a Senator from 1804 to 1809. He died in New York, September 8, 1831. A work that he published anonymously, entitled " A Picture of New York," sug gested to Washington Irving his "Knick erbocker's History of New York." Mitchell, Stephen M. He was born at Wethersfleld, Connecticut, December 27, 1743; graduated at Yale College iu 1763; was chosen a tutor in the College in 1766, in which station he continued three years ; he entered upon the practice of law iu 1772 ; was appointed in 1779 a Judge of the Hartford County Court, and in 1790 placed at the head of that Court; in 1795 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut; and in 1807 Chief Justice of that Court, which office he held until 1814, when he became disqualified by age. He was a Delegate to the old Congress in 1783 and 1785; and in 1793 he was appointed to the United States Senate, which position he held until 1795; and was a Presidential Elector in 1805. It was to his services, while in Congress, that Connecticut was greatly indebted for the establishment of her title to the tract of land in Ohio called the " Western Re serve." He died in the place of his birth, September 30, 1835. In him were com bined the dignity of the Christian, the purity of the patriot, and the virtues of the faithful public servant and useful citi zen. The degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Yale College. MitcJiell, Thomas R. Born in Georgetown, South Carolina; he gradu ated at Harvard University in 1802 ; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1821 to 1823, from 1825 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833 ; he died in 1837. Mitchell, William. lie was born in New York, and elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Indi an Affairs. He was a lawyer by profes sion, and died in Macon, Georgia, in September, 1865. Mofflt, Hosea. He was born in New York; served six years in the Legis lature of that State ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1813 to 1817. Molony, Richard S. He was born in Northficld, New Hampshire ; entered Dartmouth College in 1836, but left the institution before the close of the follow ing year and commenced the study of medicine; removed to Illinois, and set tled at Belvidere, Boone County, in the practice of the medical profession; and was a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-second Congress, having succeed ed his friend and college classmate, John Wentworth. Monell, Robert. He was a native of Columbia County, New York, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1821, and again from 1829 to 1831. Died in December, 1860. Monroe, James. Born April 28, 1758, in Westmoreland County, Virginia. He was educated at William and Mary College. In 1776 he joined the army iu the Revolutionary war, and continued with it until 1778, having displayed great bravery, when he retired and engaged in the study of law. In 1780 he held the office of Military Commissioner for Vir ginia, and in that capacity visited the Southern army. In 1782 he was a mem ber of the Virginia Assembly; and iu 272 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 1783 a Delegate to Congress. In 1788 he was a member of the Convention, in Vir ginia, to deliberate on the proposed Con stitution for the United States. In 1790 he was elected a Senator of the United States from Virginia. In 1794 he received the appointment of Minister Plenipoten tiary to France, and was recalled in 1797. In 1799 he was elected Governor of Vir ginia. In 1802 he was sent on a special mission to France, which resulted in the purchase of Louisiana. In 1803 he was appointed Minister to England; and in 1805 he was associated with Charles Piuckney to negotiate with Spain. Dur ing his residence in England, he and Mr. William Pinckney negotiated a commer cial treaty with Great Britain, but it was never submitted to the Senate by Presi dent Jefferson. He returned to America in 1808. In 1811 he was Governor of Vir ginia, and the same year received, from President Madison, the appointment of Secretary of State, which office he held until his election as President, March 4, 1817. During a part of the time, in 1814 and 1815, he also performed the duties of Secretarv of War. He was again elected President in 1821. He died July 4, 1831. Montanya, J. D. L. He was born in New York ; served two years in the As sembly of that State ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Montgomery, Daniel. He was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1807 to 1809. Montgomery, John. He was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1807 to 1811. Montgomery, John G. He was born in Northumberland, Pennsylvania in 1805 ; graduated at Washington College, in 1824 ; came to the bar in 1827 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1855 ; and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Con gress from Pennsylvania, but died before taking his seat, of the mysterious National Hotel disease, at Danville, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1857, aged fifty-two years. Montgomery, Joseph. Hie was a Delegate, from Pennsylvania, to the Con tinental Congress, from 1780 to 1784. He graduated at Princeton College in 1755, and also took a degree at Yale College in 1760. Montgomery, Thomas. He was born in Nelson County, Virginia ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1813 to 1815, and again from 1821 to 1823. Died April 2, 1828. Montgomery, William. Re was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1793 to 1795. Montgomery, William. Horn in Guilford County, North Carolina, and was educated for the medical profession. He was elected to the General Assembly in 1824, where he served, with but one inter mission, until 1834, when he was elected a Representative in Congress, and continued in that position until 1841. He died No vember 27, 1844, aged fifty-three years. Montgomery, William. Horn in Canton Township, Pennsylvania, April 11, 1819; graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in 1839 ; he studied law, mid was admitted to the bar in 1842; and he was elected a Representative in Con gress in 1856, serving in the Thirty-fifth Congress on the Committee on Public Lands. He was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Moor, Wyman B. S. Born in Waterville, Maine, November 3, 1811; graduated at Waterville College ; studied law at Cambridge, and admitted to the bar in 1834; was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1839 ; was Attorney-General of that State from 1844 to 1848; and, by appointment, succeeded John Fairfleld as a Senator in Congress, serving from Jan uary to June, 1848. He subsequently de voted much attention to the railroad in terests of his State, and in 1857 was appointed by President Buchanan Consnl- General for the British American Prov inces. Moore, Andrew. Re was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1797, and again from 1803 to 1804, when he was appointed to the United States Senate, but was superseded by W. B. Giles. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Died in May, 1821. Moore, Ely. He was born in New Jersey, and educated as a printer ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1839 ; was appointed Marshal of New York by President Polk ; subsequently edited a newspaper in New Jersey ; was appointed Indian Agent in Kansas Territory ; and at the time of his death, was Register of a Land Office in Kansas. Died January 26, 1860. Moore, Gabriel. He was born in Stokes County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ala bama, from 1822 to 1829; a Senator in Congress, from 1831 to 1837; and died at Caddo, Texas, in 1844. Moore, Henry D.He was born in BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 273 Goshen, Orange County, New York, April, 17, 1817 ; received his education at one of the public schools of New York City; when sixteen years of age he acquired a knowledge of the tailoring business, which he followed until 1843 ; in that year he re moved to Philadelphia, and became in terested in the marble business ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1853. For several years after leaving Congress he was Treasurer of Pennsylvania. .Moore, Heman Allen. He was born in Plaiufield, Vermont, in 1810; studied law in Rochester, New York, and removing to Columbus, Ohio, obtained distinction as a lawyer; was appointed Adjutant-General of the State Militia; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to the time of his death, which occurred in Columbus, April 3, 1844. .Moore, J~ohn. Born in Berkeley County, Virginia, in 1788 ; and, having re moved to Louisiana, became an active politician. From 1825 to 1834 he was a member of the State Legislature ; also served several years in the State Senate ; was a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1851 to 1853; was a Presidential Elector in 1849; a Delegate to the se ceding " State Convention " of 1861 ; and died in Louisiana, in June, 1867. Moore, Laban T. Born in Cabell County, Virginia, January 13, 1829; re ceived a limited education; removed to Kentucky, and adopted the profession of law ; and was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Man ufactures. He also served as a Colonel in the army during the Rebellion. Moore, Nicholas R. He was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1816. Died at Baltimore in 1816. Moore, Oscar F. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Moore, Robert. He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Moore, Samuel. He was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1819 to 1822. He was a physician, and died February 18, 186] . Moore, S. McD. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in 18 Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Served in the Rebellion. Moore, Sydenham E. Born in Rutherford County, Tennessee, but re moved to Alabama, with his parents, soon after its admission as a State ; he was ed ucated at the University of Alabama; was bred to the profession of the law ; was' Judge of the County Court of Greene County, Alabama, for six years, and for a short time also of the Circuit Court of that State; resigned his judgeship, and went to Mexico as Captain of a Volunteer Com pany, and served one year, a portion of the time in General Taylor's line, on the Rio Grande, and also in General Scott's line, at Tampico, Vera Cruz, Alvarado, and Jalapa; and, on his return home, was elected Brigadier-General of Militia; and was chosen in 1857, a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress; and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. Took part in the Rebellion as a Colonel. Moore, Thomas. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1801 to 1813, and again from 1815 to 1817. Moore, Thomas P. He was born in Charlotte County, Virginia, in 1795; was an officer in the war of 1812 ; mem ber of Congress, from 1823 to 1829, from Kentucky; Minister to the Republic of Colombia in 1829; and Lieutenant-Col onel in the regular army during the war with Mexico. His last public position was that of member of the Convention for revising the Constitution of Kentucky. He died in Harrodsburg, Kentucky, July 21, 1853. Moore, Thomas 8. He was born in Jeft'erson County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1820 to 1823. Moore, William. He was born In Montgomery County, Pennylvania, De cember 25, 1810; received a common- school education ; worked on a farm, and was a clerk in a country store for some years ; was subsequently devoted to mer cantile pursuits in Atlantic County, New Jersey ; spent nineteen years as Agent of the Weymouth Iron Works; was for a time engaged in ship-building and the coasting trade ; was twice elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Atlan tic County, serving in all ten years ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Man ufactures, and Public Buildings and Grounds. Moorhead, James Kennedy. Born on the Susquehanna River, Penn- 274 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sylvania, in 1806; received a limited edu cation; spent the most of his youth on a farm and as an apprentice to a tanner; was one of the contractors for building the Susquehanna branch of the Pennsyl vania Canal ; was the originator of a pas senger packet-line on said canal. In 1836 he removed to Pittsburg, and there took an active part in improving the naviga tion of the Mouongahela, and was made President of a Company bearing that name, and established in that city the Union Cotton Factory; in 1838 he re ceived the Militia title of Adjutant-Gen eral; and subsequently, taking a great in terest in the business of telegraphing, became the President of several telegraph companies. In 1859 he was elected a Eepresentative from Pennsylvania to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Commerce ; was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving as Chairman of the special Committee on National Armories; re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manufactures and as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs ; re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means, and again at the head of the Committee on Manufac tures. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress. Morehead, Charles 8, He was born in Nelson County, Kentucky, in 1802 ; he adopted the profession of law, and, after practising it for a few years, he was elected to the State Legislature, serving during 1828 and 1829 ; he was appointed in 1832 Attorney-General of Kentucky, which office he held five years ; in 1838, 1839, and 1840, he was again returned to the Legislature, officiating during the lat ter year as Speaker; was re-elected and made Speaker in 1841 ; was again re-elect ed in 1842 and 1844, and for the third time chosen Speaker ; and he was a Represent ative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1851. In 1853 he was once more returned to the Legislature, and in 1855 was elected Governor of Kentucky. He was for many years one of the most de voted friends and supporters of Henry Clay. In 18G1 he was a Delegate to the "Peace Convention" held in Washington. Morehead, I. T. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1851 to 1853. Morehead, James T. Born in Cov- ingtou, Kentucky, May 24, 1797 ; studied law, and entered upon the practice in 1818. He served three years in the State Legis lature ; in 1832 he was elected Lieutenant- Governor of Kentucky, and after the death of Governor Breathitt, in 1834, became Governor. In 1837 he was again elected to the Legislature, and in 1838 he was ap pointed President of the Board of Internal Improvements, which office he held until 1841, when he was elected to the United States Senate for the term of six years. He subsequently resumed the practice of his profession, and died at Covington, Kentucky, December 28, 1854. Morgan, Christopher. He was born in Groton, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1828 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1839 to 1843. He was Secretary of State of New York, from 1848 to 1852, and Mayor of Auburn in 1860. Morgan, Daniel. Was a native of New Jersey, but removed in early life to Virginia. Having neither the advantages of wealth nor of a good education, he was dependent for his support on hard labor. In 1755 he served as a private soldier un der General Braddock. At the close of the campaign he retired to a farm in Fred erick County. At the commencement of the Revolution he commanded a troop of Cavalry, under General Washington, at Boston. He was detached on the expedi tion against Quebec, and when Arnold was wounded he took command of his division ; but the retreat of the other division, after the fall of Montgomery, left Morgan to contend with the whole force of the enemy, and he was taken prisoner. On being ex changed, he was appointed to the com mand of a regiment. He was with Gen eral Gates at the capture of Burgoyue. In 1778 he commanded a corps on the Schuyl- kill to cut off supplies from the British in Philadelphia. He served in the Southern campaign, under General Greene, and ad vanced to the rank of Brigadier-General, receiving from Congress a gold medal for the skill and bravery he displayed at the battle of Cowpens in the defeat of Tarle- ton. In 1794 he commanded the Militia of Virginia, ordered out by President Washington for the purpose of suppress ing the Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsyl vania. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1795 to 1799. In 1799 he published an address to his constituents, vindicating the administration of Mr. Adams. He died at Winchester, Virgin ia, in 1802, aged sixty-nine. Morgan, Edivin B. Born at Auro ra, Cayuga County, New York, May 2, 1806. He was a merchant by occupation, until his election to the Thirty-third Con gress as a Representative; and he was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth and Thir ty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Morgan, Edivin D. Born in Washington, Berkshire County, Massa chusetts, February 8, 1811; at the age of seventeen he entered a wholesale grocery BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. 275 house in Hartford, Connecticut, as a clerk, and in three years became a partner; soon after attaining his majority he was chosen a member of the City Council of Hartford ; in 1836 he settled in New York City, and was extensively engaged in mercantile pursuits; in 1849 he was chosen an Alder man of the city ; during the same year he was elected to the State Senate, and served two terms ; in 1855 he was appointed Commissioner of Emigration, and held the office until 1858 ; was Vice-President of the "National Republican Convention" held at Pittsburg in 185G ; since then has been Chairman of the National Republican Com mittee ; in 1858 he was elected Governor of New York, and re-elected in 1860; in 18G1 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Major-General of Volunteers, and, though he rendered much service, declined all compensation, the number of troops sent to the war during his administration amounting to two hundred and twenty- three thousand ; in 18G3 he was elected a Senator in Congress from New York for the term ending in 1860, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Manufactures, the Pacific Railroad, Military Affairs, Printing, Mines and Mining, Finance, and as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. By virtue of his being Chair man of the National Union Executive Committee he was present at the " Balti more Convention " of 1864, and opened its proceedings. On the retirement of Sec retary Fessenden, President Lincoln of fered him the Secretaryship of the Treas ury, which he declined. In 1866 he was appointed a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention," but did not take any part in its proceedings ; and in 1867 he received from Williams College the de gree of LL.D. Morgan, George IF. He was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, September 20, 1820; in 1836 he left college, and, as a private, joined a company commanded by his brother, and went to assist Texas in gaining her independence, in which ser vice he rose to the rank of Captain ; in 1843 he settled in Mount Vernon, Ohio, and adopted the profession of law ; served in the Mexican war as Colonel of the Sec ond Ohio Infantry, and for his services at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco he was brevetted a Brigadier-General in the regular army; in 1855 he was appoint ed Consul at Marseilles ; in 1858 he was appointed Minister Resident at Lisbon; on the breaking out of the Rebellion, as Brig adier-General of Volunteers he had com mand of the Seventh Division of the Army of the Ohio; was with General Sherman at Vicksburg ; was assigned to the Thir teenth Army Corps, and was in command at the taking of Fort Henderson, in Arkan sas, and, on account of his loss of health, resigned his command in 1863. In 18G5 he was the unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Ohio, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Foreign Affairs. In 1868 his seat was contested by Columbus Delano, and his claims rejected. Morgan, James. He was born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813. Morgan, John J". He was born in Queen's County, New York, and was a. member of the New York Assembly; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1825; and again in the Assembly in 183G and 1840. Died July 29, 1849, aged eighty years. Morgan, William S. Born in Mo- nongalia County, Virginia, September 7, 1801. He was self-educated; served as a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1S35 to 1839, and was Chair man of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and declined a re-election; in 1840 he was appointed a Clerk in th,e House of Representatives, from which position he was transferred to the Legislature of Vir ginia, and declined a re-election ; he was a Democratic Elector in 1844 ; and in 1845, having injured his health by public speak ing, he was appointed to a Clerkship in the Treasury Department. Morrell, Daniel J, He was born in North Berwick, Maine, August 8, 1821 ; received a common-school education ; set tled in Philadelphia in 183G, and followed the mercantile business as clerk and prin cipal until 1855, when he entered into the business of manufacturing iron at Johns town, Pennsylvania; served for a time in the councils of the town, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from Penn sylvania, to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manu factures, and on that on Freedman's Affairs. Morrll, David L. Born in Epping, New Hampshire, June 10, 1772, and died February 4, 1849. He attended Exeter Academy, studied medicine, and com menced the practice at Epsom in 1793. He also studied theology, and was or dained a pastor, but resigned his charge in 1811, and resumed the practice of medi cine. He was a Representative to the General Court in 1811, 1812, and 1816, and in 1816 was chosen to the United States Senate for six years. He subsequently became a member of the State Senate, and its President, and afterwards, for four successive terms, was elected Governor of New Hampshire. He wrote and pub lished many occasional discourses and es says on various religious and secular topics. 276 BIOGRAPHICAL RECOEDS. Morrill, Anson P. Was born in Belgrade, Maine, June 10, 1803 ; received the advantages of a common-school edu cation ; has been chiefly devoted to mer cantile and manufacturing pursuits ; was for several years a member of the Maine Legislature ; was Goveraor of Maine in 1855, and in 18GO was elected a Represent ative from Maine to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Post Office and Post Roads and Rev olutionary Claims. Morrill, Justin S. He was born in Straffortl, Vermont, April 14, 1810; re ceived an academic education, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until the year 1848, when he turned his attention to agricul ture. He was elected a Representative, from Vermont, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress; and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth, the Thirty-sixth, the Thirty-seventh, and the Thirty-eighth Congresses, serving on the Special Committee on the Sale of Fort Suelling, and on the regular Committees on Agriculture and on Ways and Means. He was also a member of the Special Com mittee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States in the Thirty-sixth Congress. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and as a member of those on the Death of President Lincoln and on Reconstruction. He was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention" of 1866; and in October, 1866, he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, for the term commencing in 1867, and ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on Finance, Post Offices, and Claims. Morrill, Lot HI. Was born in Bel grade, Kennebec County, Maine, in 1815; entered Waterville College in 1834, but soon after commenced the study of law, and in 1839 was admitted to the bar. He was a member of the Maine Legislature in 1854; of the Senate in 1856, and made its President; he was elected Governor of Maine in 1858, and re-elected in 1859 and 1860; and in 1861 was elected a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of Hannibal Hamlin, elected Vice-President of the United States. In the Senate he served on the Committees on Commerce, District of Columbia, and Claims. He was also a member of the "Peace Congress" of 1861. He was re-elected to the United States Senate in 1863, for the term ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Expenses in the Senate and of that on the District of Columbia, of that also on Appropriations, and on that on Indian Affairs. Morris, Calvary. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1844. Morris, Charles. He was a Dele gate, from Pennsylvania, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1783 to 1784. Morris, Daniel. Born in Seneca County, New York, January 4, 1812 ; set tled when quite young in Yates County, and was bred a farmer. Having educated himself, he taught school for a while, and then adopted the profession of law, which he practised with success. Was at one time District Attorney for Yates County ; served one term in the State Legislature, and was Chairman of the Judiciary Com mittee; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Committee. He is in the habit of de livering an occasional lecture on literary topics. Morris, Edward Joy, Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 15, 1817; graduated at Harvard University ; was a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania in 1841, 1842, and 1843; and elected to the Twenty-eighth Con gress, as Representative from the First Congressional District; was appointed United States Charge d' Affaires to Naples in 1850, where he remained four years. On his return to Philadelphia was chosen a member of the Board of Directors of Girard College. In 1856 was again elected to the State Legislature, and in the fall of that year was elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com mittee for the District of Columbia. As an author his publications are : " A Tour through Turkey, Greece, and Egypt, Arabia Petrsea," etc. ; " The Turkish Empire, Social and Political; " " Afraja; or, Life and Love in Norway " (a transla tion) ; and also a translation from the German of Gregozovius ; " Corsica, Social and Political," etc. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress; and in 1861 was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister Resident to Turkey. Morris, Gouverneur* Minister from the United States to France, and an eminent American statesman and orator. Born in Morrisiana, New York, 1752, and graduated at King's College, in the city of New York, in 1768. He was bred to the law, came to the bar in 1771, and at tained great celebrity in the profession. In 1775 he was a Delegate to the Provin cial Congress, from New York, and signed the Articles of Confederation ; and was employed in the public service in various capacities during the Revolutionary con test, and in all of them displayed great BIOGRAPHICAL KECOKDS. 277 zeal and ability. After the war of the Revolution he retired from public life, al though an active member of the Conven tion which formed the present Constitu tion of the United States, which instru ment he signed. He was the second President of the New York Historical Society. In 1792 he was appointed Min ister to France, and remained in that capacity till October, 1794. He returned to America in 1798, and in 1800 was chosen a Senator of the United States, from New York, serving three years. After retiring from Congress, he spent seven years in Philadelphia. He died November 6, 1816, aged sixty-four. His publications were numerous. Selections from his papers, with a sketch of his life, were published by Jared Sparks. Morris, Isaac N. He is the fourth son of Thomas Morris, and brother of Jonathan D. Morris ; was born in Ohio, January 22, 1812. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 he emigrated to Illinois, and settled in Quincy, where he still resides. In 1840 he was appointed Secretary of State for Illinois, but declined the position; in 1841 he was chosen President of the Illinois and Michigan Canal Company ; in 1846 he was elected to the State Legislature from Adams County ; in 1856 he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Roads and Canals. Morris, James JR. He was born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, January 10, 1820 (his father, Joseph Morris, hav ing been a member of Congress in 1843 and 1845), and, having become a resident of Ohio, he was elected in 1848 to the Legis lature of that State ; and in I860 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee for the District of Colum bia. Morris, Jonathan D. He is the eldest son of Thomas Morris ; was born in Ohio ; and is a lawyer by profession. He served for twenty years as Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, and of the Supreme Court of Clermont County, Ohio ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1851. Now de voted to the practice of his profession. Morris, Joseph. Born in Greene County, Pennsylvania, October 16, 1795. He was left an orphan at the age of ten years, and having been apprenticed to the trade of a wheelwright, he continued to follow the business until he was twenty-five years old. In 1824 he was elected Sheriff of his native county. In 1829 he removed to Ohio, and devoted himself to merchan dising; he was elected to the Ohio Legis lature in 1833 and 1834 ; he was Treasurer from Monroe County for one year, and, while in that office, was elected to Con gress in 1843, and re-elected in 1845, serving two entire terms. He died at Woodsfield, Ohio, October 23, 1854. Morris, Lewis. Born in Morrisiana, New York, in 1726; graduated at Yale College in 1746; and turned his attention to agriculture ; was a Delegate, from New York, to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1777; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence; served in the Legislature of New York; also in the field, and rose to the rank of Major- General of Militia. Died in New York, January 22, 1798. Morris, Lewis JR. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1797 to 1803. Died in 1825, aged sixty-eight years. Morris, Mathias. A Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1835 to 1839, and was much respected for his talents. He died at Doylestown, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1839, aged fifty-four years. Morris, "Robert. He was a native of England, but came to the United States when a boy of thirteen, and settled in Philadelphia as a clerk, where he spent the most of his life as an influential merchant and financier. He was a member of the Congress of 1776, and signed the Declar ation of Independence, and also the Articles of Confederation. In 1781 he ob tained the control of the American finances, and rendered important services to his adopted country. He was a mem ber of the Convention which formed the present Constitution, and signed that in strument; and was chosen a United States Senator, serving from 1789 to 1795, having been one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Notwithstanding his valu able services to his country, he passed the latter years of his life in imprison ment for debt. Until the period of his impoverishment, his house had been the scene of most liberal hospitality. He died May 8, 1806, aged seventy-one years. Morris, Samuel W. Born in 1788 ; was for many years Judge of the District Court of Tioga County, Pennsylvania, and was a member of the House of Repre sentatives in Congress from 1837 to 1841. He died in Wellsborough, Pennsylvania, May 25, 1847. 278 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Morris, Thomas. He was for three years a member of the New York As sembly, from Ontario County ; and a Representative in Congress from 1801 to 1803. Morris, Thomas. lie was born in Virginia, January 3, 1776, and was the son of a Baptist clergyman. When nineteen years of age he emigrated to the valley of the Ohio, and settled near the present site of Cincinnati, but two years after wards removed to the County of Cler- niout. In 1802, while engaged in the avocation of a day laborer, and without an instructor, he commenced the study of law, adopted the profession, and became eminent. In 180G he was elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and represented Clermont County, either in the Senate or House, for a period of twenty-four years, doing much to develop the resources of his adopted State. He was also Chief Judge of Ohio; and he was elected a Senator in Congress for the long term from 1833 to 1839. He died December 7, 1844 ; and his life, and collected speeches and writings have been published in one volume, under the supervision of his son, Rev. B. F. Morris. While in Congress, he ably defended the freedom of the press, the freedom of speech, and the right of petition. Isaac N. and Jonathan D. Mor ris were his sons. Morrison, George W. He was horn in Vermont, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1850 to 1851, and again from 1853 to 1855. Morrison, James L. D. He was born in Illinois ; studied law and practised it for many years ; served as an officer in the Mexican war ; was elected to the Sen ate of Illinois in 1854 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, during the third session of the Thirty- fourth Congress, to fill a vacancy occur ring in the Eighth District. He subse quently travelled in Europe. Morrison, John A. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Morrison, William It. Was born in Monroe County, Illinois, September 14, 1825 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law; in 1852 was chosen Clerk of Monroe County, which office he resigned to go into the State Legislature, where he served three years, and was Speaker of the House in 1859 ; served as a private in the Mexican war, fighting under Colonel Bissell at Buena Vista; after the Rebellion broke out, he organized the Forty -ninth Regi ment Illinois Volunteers, and was severe ly wounded at Fort Donelson ; and while in command of his regiment in the field was elected a Representative, from Illi nois, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on the Militia. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ''National Union Convention" of 18G6. Morrissei/, John. He was bora in the town of Templemore, Tipperary County, Ireland, -February 12, 1831; emi grated to the United States when five years of age. and for many years resided at Troy and LansSngburg, in New York; worked for a time in a paper-mill, and afterwards learned the trade of a brush manufacturer; was subsequently engaged as deck hand on a Hudson River steamer, and then became a runner for a Steamboat Company in New York City; in 1852 he made his first appearance in California, as a professional gladiator or pugilist ; returning to New York, he par ticipated in several encounters, which gave him a wide reputation in the sport ing world, and after winning what is called the " Championship," in 1858, he relinquished the profession. He subse quently entered into politics, and in 1SGG was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions. Morroiv, Jeremiah. Born in Penn sylvania, in 1770, but removed to the North-west Territory, now the State of Ohio, in 1795, and was chosen a member of the Territorial Legislature in 1800. He was the first Representative in Congress, from Ohio, serving from 1803 to 1813 ; and was a Senator in Congress from 1813 to 1819, being appointed in 1814 a Commis sioner to treat with the Indians. He was in 1821 a Presidential Elector, and Gov ernor of Ohio, from 1822 to 1826 ; subse quently a Canal Commissioner; was elected to Congress in 1840 for the unex- pired term of Thomas Corwin ; served also as a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843, officiating as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands ; and for sev eral years before his death was President of the Little Miami Railroad Company. He died in Ohio, March 22, 1852. Morse, Freeman H. He was born in Bath, Maine, February 18, 1807 ; was in the State Legislature from 1840 to 1844, and also in 1853 and 1856 ; was Mayor of Bath three years ; was elected to Congress in 1843, serving one term; and was re- elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Maine, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the Cost of Public Printing, and that on Naval Affairs. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress and was a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebelr lious States. He was also a member of BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 279 the " Peace Congress " of 18G1 ; and by President Lincoln was appointed Consul at London. Morse, Isaac Edwards. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1809 ; educated at Partridge's Military Academies at Nor wich, in Vermont, and at Middle town, in Connecticut ; graduated at Harvard Uni versity in 1829 ; studied law in New Orleans and in Pennsylvania; and was a Representative from Louisiana in the Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, and Thirty-first Congresses, or from 1843 to 1851. He was subsequently Attorney- General of Louisiana, and died in New Orleans, February 11, 1866. Morse, O. A. Born in Cherry Val ley, Ottsego County, New York, March 26, 1815 ; graduated at Hamilton College, New York ; studied law, but has not practised of late years ; and was re-elected a Rep resentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Morton, JacJcson.He was born in Virginia, and, removing to Florida, was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1855. He subsequently entered extensively into the business of manufac turing lumber in Florida. Served in the Rebellion as a member of the Confederate Congress. Morton, Jeremiah. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Morton, John. Born in Ridley, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in 1724 ; spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and received a common English education ; in 1764 he was appointed a Justice of the Peace ; was soon elected to the Assembly of the State ; was a member of the New York Congress in 1765 ; in 1767 he became a County Sheriff, holding the office three years ; was a Judge of the Supreme Court ; lie was a signer of the Declaration of Inde pendence ; a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1777 ; and he died in April of the latter year. His dying words were uttered in behalf of his dis tracted country. Morton, Marcus. He was born in Freetown, Massachusetts, December 19, 1784 ; graduated at Brown University in 1804 ; studied law, and devoted himself to politics; in 1811 he was chosen Clerk of the Massachusetts Senate ; he was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1817 to 1821; in 1823 was a member of the Executive Council of that State; in 1824 was elected Lieutenant- Governor ; subsequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, from 1825 to 1840 ; and was Governor of the State from 1840 to 1841, and again from 1843 to 1844 ; and was Collector of Boston from 1845 to 1849. He was also a member of the " Constitutional Convention " of 1853 ; and a member of the State Legislature iu 1858. Died at Taunton, February 6, 1864. Morton, Oliver P. He was born in Wayne County, Indiana, August 4, 1823 ; was educated at the Miami Univer sity; studied law and came to the bar in 1847; in 1852 he was elected Circuit Judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit of In diana ; in 1856 he was nominated by the Republicans for the office of Governor of Indiana, but defeated; in 1860 he was elected Lieuteuant-Goveruor of Indiana, and in 1861, on the transfer of Governor II. S. Lane to the Senate, he assumed the office of Governor and held it four years; in 1864 he was elected Governor for a second term ; and in 1865, on account of his having been stricken with paralysis, he visited Europe in the hope of im proving his health, but returned iu 1866, and in spite of continued ill health re sumed his executive duties. In June, 1866, he delivered a political speech while seated in his chair, which created much enthusi asm in the State, and of which more than a million copies were published in pam phlet form ; and on the subsequent meet ing of the Legislature, in January, 1867, he was elected by a remarkable vote a Sena tor iu Congress for the term ending in 1873, serving on the Committees on. Foreign Relations, Agriculture, Military Affairs, and Private Land Claims. Moseley, JonatJian Ogden.Rorn. at East Haddon, Middlesex County, Con necticut ; was a graduate of Yale College in 1780; and a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1805 to 1821. He subsequently removed to Michigan, and died at Saginavv, in that State, Sep tember 9, 1839, aged seventy-seven years. Moseley, William A. He graduat ed at Yale College in 1816 ; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1835 ; of the State Senate from 1838 to 1841; and a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1847. Mott, Gorden N. Was born in Zanesville, Ohio, October 21, 1812 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1836 ; during the troubles in that year between Mexico and Texas he served nine months as a volunteer in the Texan service ; and soon after that returned to Ohio, and settled in the practice of his profession in Miami County. He also served as a Captain in the war with Mexico, having raised the company he commanded, after which ho again returned to his native State. In 1849 he emigrated to California; in 1850 was elected Judge of Sutter County ; in 1851 280 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. appointed a District Judge ; in 1861 lie was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme "Court of Nevada Territory ; and in 1862 was elected a Dele gate from that Territory, to the Thirty- eighth Congress. Mott, James. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1801 to 1805. He had previously been Treasurer of the State, and was a Presi dential Elector in 1809. Mott, Mic7iard.Rorn in Mamaro- ncck, Westchester County, New York, July 21, 1804. He was educated at the Quaker Seminary of " Nine Partners," in Duchess County, New York ; bred a mer chant, and has resided in Toledo, Ohio, for twenty years ; was elected to the Thir ty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth. Motte, Isaac. He was a Delegate, from South Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1780 to 1782. Moulton, Mace. He was born in New Hampshire; was Sheriff of Hillsboro' County in 1845 ; a State Councillor in 1848 and 1849 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Moulton, Samuel W. He was born in Wenham, Massachusetts, January 20, 1822; received a common-school educa tion; after spending some years in the Southern States he settled in Illinois in 1845; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Illinois Legislature, from 1852 to 1859 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1856 ; was the author of the present common-school system of the State ; was chosen President of the Board of Educa tion of Illinois in 1859, and held the posi tion in 1864, when he was elected aRepre- seutative,from Illinois, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, and Expenditures in the Navy Department, and also on those on a Bu reau of Education and Free Schools in the District of Columbia. Mouton, Alexander. He was a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1837 to 1841, and Governor of the State from 1841 to 1845. Took part in the Re bellion. Mowry, Jr., Daniel. He was a resident of Smithfleld, Rhode Island, which he represented in the Colonial Gen eral Assembly at the time when they passed the act which renounced legisla tion to the king. He was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Rhode Island ; was elected a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from that State, in 1781. Al though the intention was to keep only two delegates in Congress, four were elected, with instructions to serve alternately, each couple for six months. Varnumand Mowry were to have the first six mouths, and Collins and Ellery the second. MuJilenberg, Francis Samuel. Was born in Philadelphia, April 22, 1795; received a liberal education ; studied law, and Avas private Secretary of Governor Heister, of Pennsylvania. He removed to Ohio ; became a member of the Legisla ture of that State ; and was a Representa tive, from Ohio, in the Twentieth Congress. Died in Pickaway County, Ohio, in 1832. Muhlenberg, Frederick Augus tus. Brother of F. S. Muhlenberg; was born at theTrappe, June 2, 1750; was or dained to the ministry of the Lutheran Church In Germany. On his return he officiated in country churches in Pennsyl vania, and in a church in New York City, which he left when the British entered. In 1779 and 1780 he was elected to the Continental Congress by the Legislature of Pennsylvania. For three years follow ing he was a member of and Speaker of the State Legislature. He was a member of and President of the Council of Cen sors, and took an efficient part in calling the Convention of 1790, which revised the State Constitution. He was President of the State Convention called to consider the ratification of the Federal Constitution, to which he gave an earnest support. He was a member of the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Congresses ; was Speaker of the House in the First and Third Congresses ; and was one of those who voted for locat ing the Seat of Government on the Poto mac. As Chairman of the Committee of the Whole, he gave his casting vote in favor of the law required to carry Jay's Treaty Into effect. He was Register of the Land Office of Pennsylvania, under Governors Mifflin and McKean, holding which office he died at Lancaster, on June 4, 1801. Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus. Son of Rev. Dr. Henry Ernestus and nephew of J. P. G. and F. A. Muhlenberg, was born at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, May 13, 1782. Carefully educated by his very learned father, he was ordained to the Lutheran ministry in 1802. He was called to Trinity Church, Reading, Penn sylvania, in 1802, and remained a most acceptable pastor of that congregation until 1828, when, for ill health and other causes, lie resigned the ministry. He was President of the Lutheran Ministeri- um of Pennsylvania, as had been his father and grandfather before him. He was elected a Representative, from Penn sylvania, to Congress, in 1828, and served from March 4, 1829, until February, 1838, when he resigned his seat and accepted the mission to Austria, about that time created. President Van Buren offered BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. 281 him the Navy Department, when forming his cabinet, and the mission to Russia, both of which he declined. In 1835 he was the candidate of a portion of the Democratic party for Governor. In 1840 he was recalled, at his own request, from Austria. In 1844 he was nominated for the Governorship by the Democratic par ty, but during the canvass died suddenly at Reading, on the 12th of August of that year. He was greatly beloved by the people, and greatly deserved their love as an upright man and able statesman. Muhlenberg, Henri/ Augustus. A son of Henry A. Muhlenberg, before mentioned, was born at Reading, Penn sylvania, in July, 1823. He received an excellent education, availing himself to the fullest extent of every advantage offered to him. Graduated at Dickinson College ; studied law for four years, and was admitted to the bar in July, 1844. He was elected to the State Senate in 1849, of which body he at once became a leading member; he served his term of three years. He wrote a life of General Muhlenberg. Was elected a member of the Thirty-third Congress, in which body he appeared but for one day ; sickening with typhoid fever, he was never able to resume his seat, and died, at Washington, January 9. 1854, to the great regret of a constituency which anticipated for him a long and distinguished career in the pub lic service. Mwhleriberg, John Peter Ga briel. Son of Henry Melchior Muhlen berg ; was born at the Trappe, Pennsylva nia, October 1, 1746. He was sent to Halle, in Germany, with his two younger brothers, Frederick A. and Henry E., in 17G2, for education. The three brothers were devoted to the Christian ministry. Peter was ordained Deacon in the Church of England, on April 21, 1772, by the Bishop of London; a few days after, Priest, in company with William White, afterwards* Bishop. Returning to Amer ica he was settled over a charge in Dun- more, now Shenaudoah County, Virginia. In 1774 he was elected to the House of Burgesses of that Colony. At the break ing out of the Revolution, his ardent sympathies with it carried him into the army. In his farewell sermon he told his people, "There was a time for all things, a time to preach and a time to tight, and that now was the time to fight." He raised the Eighth Virginia Regiment, and was made Colonel of it. His first cam paign was in South Carolina and Georgia. On February 21, 1777, he was made Brig adier-General, in which capacity he served with distinguished gallantry at Brandy- wine, Germantown, Monmouth, Stony Point, in Virginia, and at Yorktown, where he commanded the First Brigade of Light Infantry, in making the final assault with which, he was wounded. lu the last promotion he was made M.ijor- General. After the war he was elected Vice-President of Pennsylvania; was a Presidential Elector in 1797 ; member of the First, Third, and Sixth Congresses, from Pennsylvania ; and United States Senator in 1801, which office he resigned in 1802. He left the Senate in 1802, and was appointed Supervisor of Revenue for Pennsylvania in that year; Collector of the port of Philadelphia in 1803, holding which office he died October 1, 1807. Mullin, Joseph. He was a native of Ireland, and a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1847 to 1849. Mullins, James. He was born in Bedford County, Tennessee, September 15, 1807 ; received a limited education while working upon his father's farm; on becoming of age he turned his atten tion to the milling business, and subse quently became a millwright, which business he followed until 1859. In 1831 he was made a Colonel of Militia ; from 1840 to 1846 he was a County Sheriff; in 1862, on account of his devotion to the Union, lie was compelled to llee from his home for safety, and resided within the Federal lines at Nashville ; he became a Staff Officer and participated in the battle of Murfreesborough ; also took part in the assault on Hoover's Gap ; he was a Del egate to the " Nashville Convention " of 1865 ; was elected to the State Legislature in the same year, and made Speaker ; and in 1867 he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territo ries, and Revolutionary Pensions. Mum ford, George. Born in Row an County, North Carolina. He repre sented it in the General Assembly in 1810 and 1811; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, having died in Washington before the expiration of his term, December 31, 1818. Mumford, Gurdon S. He was born in New York, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1805 to 1811. Mungen, William. Re was born in Baltimore, Maryland, May 12, 1821; removed with his parents to Ohio in 1830; he received the rudiments of his educa tion from his mother, but afterwards obtained a knowledge of the Latin and German languages ; spent his youth en gaged in agricultural pursuits; adopted the profession of law : was for some years the publisher and editor of the " Demo cratic Courier," published in Findlay, Ohio ; in 1846 and 1848 he was chosen a County Auditor; in 1851 he was elected to the State Senate and declined a re- 282 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOBDS. election; was a Delegate to the Demo cratic "Cincinnati Convention " of 1856, to the " Charleston and Baltimore Con ventions " of 1860, and to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. He served during the Rebellion under General Shefman, as Colonel of the Fifty- seventh Ohio Volunteers, which he raised, from 1861 to 1863, when he resigned on account of ill health. On recovering his health he was appointed the State Agent to visit all the Ohio troops in the Depart ment of Tennessee with poll-books and tally-sheets ; in 1864 he was appointed to perform the same duty for the Ohio troops in the Army of the Potomac; and in 18G6 lie was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Niagara Ship Canal, the Union Prisoners, and Indian Affairs. Munroe, James. He was born in Virginia; and, having removed to New York, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, serving from 1839 to 1841. He was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1850 and 1852, and a State Senator during the three sub sequent years. Murfree, William H. Born in Hertford County, North Carolina; grad uated at Chapel Hill in 1801, and, having studied law, was a successful advocate. He served in the State Legislature in 1805, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1813 to 1817; and was Presidential Elector in 1813. In 1825 he emigrated to Tennessee, and soon after died at Nash ville. Murphy, Charles. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1851 to 1853. M- urphy, Henry C. He was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1810; graduated at Columbia College in 1830; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1833; was at one time Attorney for the City of Brooklyn ; was elected Mayor of that city in 1842; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1843 to 1849 ; and by President Buchanan was appointed Minister to the Hague. In his tastes he was decidedly literary, and has devoted much attention to the investigation of the early history of his native State. On his return from Europe he was elected to the Legislature of New York, serving both in the Assembly and Senate; and he was also a Delegate to the "State Constitution al Convention" of 1867; and was subse quently re-elected to the State Senate. In 1868 he published a translation from the Dutch entitled "Journal of a Voyage to New York, in 1679-'80." Murphy, John. He was a native of South Carolina; graduated at the South Carolina College in 1808; was Clerk of the Senate of South Carolina; Trustee of his Alma Mater; removed to Alabama in 1817; was Governor of Ala bama from 1825 to 1829, and a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. He died in Clark County, Alabama, September 21, 1841, in the tifty- sixth year of his age. Murray, Ambrose S. He was born in Ne\v York, and was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- fourth andThirty-h'fth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. Murray, John. He was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Murray, John L. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1838 to 1839. Murray, T7iomas.Ke was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823. Murray, William. lie was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Murray, William Vans. He was born in Maryland about the year 1761. In 1783 he went to London, and entered as a student of law at the Temple, and re mained three years. On returning to his native State he engaged in tlic practice of law, but was soon elected to a seat in the Legislature. In 1791 he was elected a Representative to Congress, and con- .tiuued in that position until 1797, when he declined being a candidate. He was appointed, by Washington, Minister to the Netherlands ; and, in connection with Mr. Ellsworth and Mr. Davie, he negoti ated a treaty with France in 1800. He returned to the United States in 1801, and died December 11, 1803. He pos sessed great keenness of wit and delicacy of taste, and was distinguished for his eloquence, having a rnind well stored with science and literature. Myers, Amos. Born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1824; received a good academic education; studied law, and came to the bar in 1846. In 1847 he was appointed a District At torney; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department, and a member of the Committee on Mileage. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 283 Myers, Leonard. He was born in Attle borough, Bucfcs County, Pennsylva nia, November 13, 1827 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; was Solicitor for two municipal dis tricts in Philadelphia; digested the ordi nances for the consolidation of the city, and has translated several works from the French. He was elected in 18G2 a Rep resentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, and Expendi tures in the Post Office Department, Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Patents, Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment, and the Special Committee on the Civil Service. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and was placed on the Commit tees on Foreign Afl'airs, and Patents. Ndbers, Benjamin 1>. He was born in Tennessee ; and, on removing to Mississippi, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Returning to Tennessee, he was a Presidential Elector in 1861 from that State. Nash, Abner.He was of Welsh de scent, and born in Prince Edward County, Virginia; was educated for the bar; he was the first elected Speaker of the North Carolina Senate ; the second Governor of the State, under the Constitution, in 1781 ; from 1782 to 1785 he was in the Assembly ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1786. Died during the latter year while on his way to Phila delphia to take his seat in Congress. Naudain, Arnold. He was born in Delaware ; graduated at Princeton College in 1S06; and was a Senator in Congress, from Delaware, from 1829 to 1836. Naylor, Charles. Born in the Coun ty of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, October 6, 1806; educated a lawyer, admitted in 1828 to the bar of Philadelphia, and was there for some years extensively engaged in practice. He represented his native district in Congress, from 1837 to 1841. In 1846 he raised in Philadelphia a com pany of volunteers, and as their Captain took part in the war with Mexico ; rendez voused at the Island of Lobos, in the Gulf of Mexico; landed with the invading army at Vera Cruz ; was active in the operations before that city, and in most of the en gagements on General Scott's line. Upon the fall of the City of Mexico, September 14, 1847, he was appointed Governor of the National Palace (the "Halls of the Montezumas"), and keeper of the archives and property of that Republic ; and con tinued to hold that place, and to aid in the administration of the government of the city, till the final evacuation of it by the American army, June 12, 1848. He has filled many posts of trust and honor in his native State, and is at present engaged in the practice of his profession in the City of Washington. Neale, Raphael. He was born in St. Mary's County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1825. Neilson, John. He was a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Con gress, in 1778 and 1779. Nelson, Homer A. He was born in Poughkeepsie, New York, August 31, 1829 ; adopted the profession of law. In 1855 he was elected Judge of Duchess County for four years, and in 1859 was re- elected for a second term, and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Indian Affairs, and Unfinished Business. In 1857 Rut gers College, of New Jersey, conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts, and at the time of his election to Congress he was Colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty-ninth Regiment of New York Volun teers, which he resigned. He was also a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867 ; and a few months afterwards he was elected Secretary of State. In 1868 he was the Secretary of State of New York. Nelson, Hugh. He was born in Vir ginia, and was at one time Speaker of the House of Delegates of Virginia; a Judge of the General Court ; a Presidential Elec tor in 1809 ; a member of Congress from 1811 to 1823; and immediately afterwards appointed American Minister to Spain. He died in Albemarle County, March 18, 1836. Nelson, Jeremiah. He was born in Rowley, Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1768 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1790; settled in Newburyport, Massachu setts, as a merchant ; served as a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1805 to 1808, and again from 1815 to 1823; and died at Newburyport, October 2, 1838. Nelson, John. He was born in Fred erick, Maryland ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823 ; in 1831 was appointed Charge d'Af- faires to the Two Sicilies; and in 1844 was Attorney-General of the United States under President Tyler. Died in Balti more, January 8, 1860, aged sixty-nine years. Nelson, Roger. He was a General in the Revolutionary war, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1804 to 1810, and died at Fred- ericktown, June 7, 1815, at an advanced age. 284 BIOGRAPHICAL ItECOEDS. Nelson, Thomas. Born in York, Virginia, December 26, 1738 ; was educated at Trinity College, England ; was devoted to farming, and something of a sportsman. In 1774 lie was elected to the House of Burgesses, and took a bold stand in favor of liberty ; was re-elected to that position ; after attending various local conventions, he was elected a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and again from 1779 to 1780, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He took some part in the military affairs of the time as a Brigadier-General; served in the State Legislature; in 1781 he was elected Governor of Virginia; he was present at the siege of Yorktown, ac quitted himself with ability, and was pub licly thanked by Washington ; retired to private life in 1781; and died in January, 1789. Nelson, Thomas A. JR. He was born in Tennessee; was bred a lawyer; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; in 1851 he was appointed, by President Fill- more, a Commissioner to China; served as a Representative from that State in the Thirty-sixth Congress, and was a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but was prevented from taking his seat by the forcible action of the Rebel Govern ment. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion 1 ' of 1866; and in March, 1868, he acted as one of the Counsel for President Andrew Johnson, before the High Court of Impeachment. Nelson, Thomas M. He was born in Virginia in 1782; served with distinc tion in the war of 1812 as a Captain of In fantry; after the war he was promoted to the rank of Major, but resigned his com mission ; was a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1816 to 1819, when he declined a re-election, and retired to private life. He died November 10, 1853. Nelson, William. Born in Clinton, Duchess County, New York, June 29, 1784 ; he received an academical education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1807 ; was District Attorney for the Coun ties of Westchester, Putnam, and Rock- land, for a period of thirty years ; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1819 and 1820, and a State Senator in 1823 ; and he was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. He is at the present time a resident of Peekskill. Nes, Henry. Born in York, Pennsyl vania, in 1799, and was educated a physi cian. He was frequently called to fill places of trust and responsibility in his native town, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 184G to 1850, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He was retiring in his habits, but had many de voted friends. He died September 10, 1850. Nesbilt, Wilson. lie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1817 to 1819. Nesmith, James W. Was born in Washington County, Maine, July 23, 1820 ; when quite young removed to New Hamp shire, and in 1838 emigrated to Ohio ; sub sequently spent some time in Missouri; and in 1843 emigrated to Oregon. In 1848 and 1853 he commanded, as a Captain, two expeditions against the Indians ; in 1853 he was appointed United States Marshal for Oregon, which he resigned in 1855, and had the command of a regiment; in 1857 he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon and Washington Terri tories ; and was elected a Senator in Con gress, from Oregon,for the full term, begin ning in 1861 and ending in 18G7, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, and Indian Affairs, and also the Special Com mittee appointed to visit the Indian tribes of the West, and the Committees on Com merce, and Revolutionary Claims. In 1866 he was appointed a visitor to the West Point Academy, and was one of the Sen ators designated to attend the funeral of General Scott. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " of 1866. Nevell, Joseph. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1795. Died March 4, 1819. New, Anthony. He was born in Gloucester County, Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1793 to 1805 ; and, on taking up his residence in Kentucky, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813, from 1817 to 1818, and from 1821 to 1823. Newbold, Thomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1807 to 1813; after which he served in the Legislature of that State. Died in Burlington County, of apoplexy, in De cember, 1823. Newcomb, C. A. He was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, July 1, 1830; received a classical education; adopted the profession of law; devoted much attention to the business of fruit growing, especially to the culture of the grape ; removed to Iowa, and was a Cir cuit Judge for two years; Judge of a county Court for three years ; settled in BIOGRAPHICAL KECOEDS. 285 Missouri, and was elected for two years to the Legislature of that State, and in 18GG he was elected a Representative, from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Agriculture, and Eoads and Cauals. Newell, William, A. He was born in Ohio; graduated at Rutgers College; was educated for the medical profession ; and, on taking up his residence in New Jersey, was elected a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1851, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and Roads and Canals. In 1856 was elected Governor of New Jersey for the term ending in I860, and was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864. lie-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress in 1804, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, Foreign Affairs, and War Debts of the Loyal States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Newhard, Peter. He was born in Pennsylvania, and "was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Newman, Alexander. He was born in Orange County, Virginia, in 1806; in 1836 he was elected to the State Legis lature, where he served several years, and was also elected to the State Senate; from 1845 to 1849 he was Postmaster of Wheeling ; and was elected a Representa tive, from Virginia, to the Thirty-first Congress, but died before taking his seat, of cholera, while on a visit to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in July, 1849. Newman, Daniel. He served as a soldier in the early Indian wars in Georgia ; held many high positions in the State, and was a member of Congress, from 1831 to 1833. He died in Walker County, Georgia. Newton, Eben.Rorn in Goshen. Litchfield County, Connecticut, October 16, 1795 ; his early education was limited, having been obtained while working on a farm ; his first earnings off the farm were obtained from teaching school in the win ter; in 1814 he emigrated to Portage County, Ohio, and turned his attention to farming exclusively ; he studied law, and in 1823 was admitted to the bar, and be came the partner of Elisha Whittlesey, at Canfield, Ohio. In 1842 he was elected a member of the Ohio Senate ; was soon afterwards elected President Judge of the Third Circuit ; and was elected a Repre sentative in Congress for the term from 1851 to 1853, but before taking his seat visited Europe. In 1856 he was elected President of the Ashtabula and New Lis bon Railroad Company, in which position he remained until 1859, when he declined a re-election. He has of late years de voted himself to the pursuits of agricul ture, in which he is eminently successful. Newton, Thomas. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1709; was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1801 to 1829, and again from 1831 to 1833. He served for many years as Chairman of the Committee on Commerce and Manufac tures. He died in Norfolk, Virginia, August 5, 1847. Newton, Thomas W. He was a Representative in Congress, from Arkan sas, from February to March, 1847. Newton, Willoughby. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Niblacle, William E. Born in Du- bois County, Indiana, May 19, 1822. He studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1843 ; during that year he was appointed County Surveyor ; in 1849 he was elected to the State Legislature, where he served until 1852; in 1854 he was appointed a Circuit Judge, and subsequently elected for six years. He was elected a Repre sentative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Indiana, serving on the Committee on Mileage, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress serving on the Committee on Patents. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Ways and Means. Nicholas, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1801. He subsequently removed to Geneva, Ontario County, New York, whence he was elected to the State Senate from 1806 to 1809. Died May 27, 1821. Nicholas, It. C. He was born in Vir ginia, and appointed Captain of Infantry in 1812, serving in different grades until the reduction of the army in 1815. Set tling in Louisiana, he was elected to the United States Senate, serving from 1835 to 1841; and in 1851 was appointed State Superintendent of Public Schools. Nicholas, Wilson C. A Governor of Virginia, an officer in the war of the Revolution, and a member of the Conven tion which ratified the Constitution of the United States. He was a distinguished member of the National House of Repre sentatives from 1807 to 1809, and of the Senate of the United States from 17i)9 1o 1804, and ably supported the measures of President Jefferson's administration. la 1804 he resigned his seat in the Senal.e and accepted the office of Collector of the ports of Norfolk and Portsmouth. He 286 BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. was afterwards a member of the House ; but he resigned his seat in 1809. In 1814 he was Governor, and remained in office until 1817. He died at Milton, October 10, 1820. Nichols, Matthias H. Born in Salem County, New Jersey, October 3, 1824. His education was acquired in a printing-office and by the aid of friends, who instructed him after the ordinary hours of labor. He studied law, and in 1849 was licensed to practise in Auglaize County, Ohio. He was Prosecuting At torney for Allen County ; resigned the office in 1852 to become a candidate for Congress, and was elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-third, Thirty- fourth, and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Joint Committee on Printing. Nicholson, Alfred O. JR. He was born in Williamson County, Tennessee, August 31, 1808 ; graduated at Chapel Hill University, North Carolina, in 1827 ; set tled in Tennessee as a lawyer; was a member of the Tennessee Legislature from 1833 to 1839 ; was a Senator in Con gress, from that State, from 1840 to 1842 ; was a member of the Tennessee Senate from 1843 to 1845 ; was Chancellor of the middle division of the State in 1845 ; was President of the Bank of Tennessee in 184G and 1847; was elected Printer of the House of Representatives by the Thirty- third Congress, and Printer of the Senate by the Thirty-fourth Congress ; and from 1853 to 1856 he was editor of the " Wash ington Daily Union." He was elected a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, for the term commencing in 1859 and ending in 1865, but was expelled July 11, 1861. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. Nicholson, John. He was a mem ber for several years of the New York Assembly, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1809 to 1811. Died January, 1820, aged fifty-five years. Nicholson, John A. He was born in Laurel, Sussex County, Delaware, No vember 17, 1827 ; was educated at Dick inson College, Pennsylvania; settled at Dover, .Delaware, in 1847; studied law, and came to the bar in 1850 ; subsequently retired to private life, and was elected a Representative, from Delaware, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures, and the Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Appropriations. Nicholson, Joseph Hopper. A native of Maryland ; received a good edu cation, and was a lawyer by profession. In 1805 he was appointed Chief Judge of the Sixth Judicial District, and was also a Judge of the Court of Appeals of Mary- laud. From 1799 to 1806 lie was a Repre sentative in Congress, and died March 4, 1817, aged forty-seven years. Nicoll, Henry. Born in the City of New York, October 23, 1812; graduated at Columbia College in 1830; studied law, and has practised with success ; was a member of the New York " Constitutional Convention" in 1846; and a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1849. Niles, John 31". He was born in Windsor, Connecticut, in 1787, and was bred to the bar. and went to Hartford in 1816 to practise law. In 1817 he was there, concerned in publishing the " Times," which he edited for a time. In 1820 he was a Commissioned Judge of the County Court. He was appointed Postmaster at Hartford by President Jackson, and held the office until made a Senator in Congress in 1835, in which position he remained until 1839. In 1840 he was appointed Postmaster-General by President Van Buren. In 1842 he was again elected to the United States Senate, served six years, retired to private life, and died May 31, 1856. He was fond of literary pursuits, and his contributions to the periodical press were abundant. He edited a "Gazetteer" of Connecticut and Rhode Island, and wrote a "History of South America." In his will he gave $20,- 000 for the benefit of the poor of Hart ford, and bequeathed his library to the Historical Society of Connecticut. Niles, Nathaniel. He was born in South Princeton, Rhode Island, in 1741 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1766; was a student of law, medicine, and the ology; was the inventor of making wire from bar iron, by water power, and erected at Norwich, Connecticut, a wooilen card manufactory; he was a member of the Vermont Legislature, and Speaker of the House ; a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State ; was six times a Presidential Elector; and a Representative in Con gress, from Vermont, from 1791 to 1795. He wrote poetry and many sermons, and preached in his own house twelve years. He died at West Faiiiee, Vermont, in No vember, 1828. Nisbet, E. A. He was born in Geor gia; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1842. Took part in the Rebellion. Niven, Archibald C. He was bora in New York.; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847 ; and a member of the State Legis lature in 1864. BIOGEAPHICAL KECOKDS. 287 Nixon, John I. Born in Cumberland County, New Jersey, in 1820; graduated at Princeton College in 1841 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1845 ; served in the New Jersey Legislature from 1848 to 1850, during the last year as Speaker; and was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Commerce. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Noble, David A. He was born in Massachusetts; liberally educated ; adopt ed the profession of law ; and on removing to Michigan, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Noble, James. He was a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, from 1816 to 1831, having died in Washington, February 26, of the latter year. He was a native of Battletown, Clark County, Virginia, but removed when a youth to Kentucky, and subsequently to Indiana. He was a self- educated man, and very influential in his adopted State. Noble, Warren JP. He was born in Pennsylvania, June 14, 1821 ; received a good English education in the State of Ohio ; studied law, and has practised ever s^nce his admission to the bar; was elected to the Ohio Legislature in 1856, serving two terms, and in 1860 was elected a Rep resentative from Ohio to the Thirty-sev enth Congress, serving on the Committee on Patents ; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same commit tee. Noble, William H. He was born in New York; served three years in the Assembly of that State, from Cayuga County ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839. Died at Rochester, February 5, 1850, aged sixty-two years. Noell, John W. Born in Bradford County, Virginia, February 15, 1816 ; emi grated to Missouri with his parents in 1832 ; received a liberal education ; adopt ed the profession of law; from 1841 to 1850 he was Clerk of the Circuit Court of Perry County, Missouri; served four years in the State Senate of Missouri ; and in 1858 he was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Expenses of the Public Build ings. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Claims. He was also re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, but died in Washington, March 14, 1863. Noell, Thomas E. He was born in Pcrryville, Missouri, April 3, 1839 ; re ceived a good English education ; when nineteen years of age he was admitted to the bar, and practised law until 1861, when he was appointed a Military Commissioner for arrest of disloyal persons ; subse quently went into the ranks of the State Militia and obtained the rank of Major, which he held until 1862; in that year he was appointed a Captain in the Nineteenth regiment of regular United States Infan try; and he was subsequently elected a Representative from Missouri to the Thir ty-ninth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Private Land Claims, the Militia, and Mines and Mining. He was a Delegate to the " National Union Conven tion "held in Philadelphia, in 1866, and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, but died at St. Louis, October 3, 1867. Norris, Moses, Born in Pittsfleld, New Hampshire, in 1799; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1828 ; studied law, and devoted himself successfully to the practice ; in 1839 he was elected to the State Legislature, and in 1840 wa elected Speaker of the House ; in 1841 he was elected a member of the State Council; and in 1843 he was elected a Representa tive in Congress, where he continued four years. In 1847 he was again a member of the Legislature, and Speaker; and while serving in that capacity, he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving from 1849 to 1855 ; and he died at Washington, January 11, 1855. North, William* He was Aid to Baron Steuben, in the Revolutionary war, and afterwards appointed Adjutant-Gen eral. He was Senator in Congress, by ap pointment, from New York, in 1798, in the place of J. S. Hobart, resigned. Died at New York, January 4, 1836, aged eighty- three years ; and was buried at Duancs- burg. Norton, Daniel 8. Born in Mount Vernon, Knox County, Ohio, April 12, 1829; was educated at Kenyon College; served one year in the war with Mexico, in the Second Ohio Regiment ; commenced the study of law in 1848, at Mount Vernon ; and in 1850 went across the plains to Cal ifornia, spending a part of that and the following year in Nicaragua. Returning to Ohio he renewed the study of law, and came to the bar in 1852 ; practised his pro fession in that State until 1855, when he removed to Minnesota; in 1857 he was elected to the State Senate, declining a re-election in 1859. but was re-elected in 1860, and also in 1863 and 1864, having been a member of the State House of Rep resentatives in 1862. In 1865 he took his seat as a Senator in Congress, from Min nesota for the term ending in 1871, serving 288 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. oil the Committees on Indian Affairs, En grossed Bills, Claims, Territories, and Patents and the Patent Office. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Norton, Ebenezer F. He was born in New York; served in the State Assem bly, from Erie County, in 1823 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Norton, Elijah H. Was born in Logan County, Kentucky, November 24, 1821 ; received a liberal classical educa tion, graduating at the Transylvania Law School in 1841 ; removed to Missouri in 1845 ; practised law until 1852, when he was chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of Missouri; re-elected to the same posi tion in 1857; and, after resigning the Judgeship, in 1860, he was elected a Rep resentative, from Missouri, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Norton, Jesse O. Was born in Vermont ; graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts; emigrated to Illinois in 1839 ; studied law, and came to the bar of Illinois in 1840; was a member in 1847 of the " State Constitutional Convention ; " was a member of the State Legislature in 1851 and 1852; was elected a Representa tive, from Illinois, to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Congresses, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads ; in 1857 was elected Judge of the Eleventh Judicial District of Illinois, hold ing the office until 1862 ; and in 1863 was re-elected a Representative to Congress, serving on the Committees on Post Offices and Post Roads, and Revolutionary Pen sions. He was a Delegate to the Phila delphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. Norvell, John* He was bred a printer; was for a time the editor of a newspaper in Philadelphia; was appoint ed, by President Jackson, Postmaster of Detroit, in Michigan ; and, having become identified with the Territory of Michigan, became one of the Senators in Congress, from the new State, having served in that capacity from 1835 to 1841. He died of apoplexy, in April, 1850. Nott, Abraham. HQ graduated at Yale College in 1787; was Judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1799 to 1801. Died June 19, 1830. Nourse, Amos. Ho graduated at Harvard in 1812; studied medicine; was a Medical Lecturer at Bowdoin College from 1846 to 1854, and Medical Professor since 1854. He was also Postmaster at Hallowell, Maine, and Collector of Cus toms at Bath, and a Senator in Congress, from Maine, from January to March, in 1857. Noyes, John. He was a graduate of Dartmouth College in 1795; was subse quently a tutor in that institution ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1815 to 1817. He died in 1841, aged seventy-eight years. Noyes, Joseph C. He was born in Portland in 1798; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Maine, from 1837 to 1839, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Agriculture. He was a mer chant by occupation ; a member of the State Legislature in 1833; and Collector of the Passamaquoddy District from 1841 to 1843 ; and was subsequently Treasurer of the Portland Savings Bank. NucJcolls, William C. He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the Uni versity of that State in 1820; adopted the profession of law; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1827 to 1833. Nugen, Robert H. He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1809 ; with his parents removed to Colum- biana County, Ohio, in 1811; settled in Tuscarawas County in 1828 ; and in 1860 was elected a Representative, from Ohio* to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. De clined a re-election. Nunn, David A. Born in Haywood County, Tennessee, July 26, 1832; edu cated at the College of West Tennessee; studied and practised law ; was elected in 1863 to the State Senate ; in 1865 to the State House of Representatives; and elected a Representative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Invalid Pensions. Nye, James W. He was born in Madison County, New York, June 10, 1815; adopted the profession of law; in 1861 was appointed by President Lincoln Governor of Nevada Territory, in which position he continued until the adoption of the State Constitution, when he was chosen a Senator in Congress from the new State for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1867, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Terri tories, and as Chairman of that on En rolled Bills. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to ac company the remains of President Lin coln to Illinois, and in January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. BIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. 289 Oakley, Thomas J~ac7sson.Born in Duchess County, New York, in 1783; graduated at Yale College in 1801 ; studied law, and entered on the practice at Pough- keepsie, New York. In 1810 he was ap pointed Surrogate of Duchess County, and in 1813 was elected a Representative in Congress, where he continued, until 1815, when he resumed his profession, and was elected a member of the Assembly. He was appointed Attorney-General of the State of New York in 1819 ; in 1820 again served in the Assembly, and in 1827 he was again elected to Congress. In 1828, when the Superior Court of New York City was organized, he was appointed one of its Judges ; and on the reorganization of the Court, under the Constitution of 1846, he was elected the Chief Justice, and continued in that position until his death, which occurred in New York City, May 11, 1857. The duties of the various sta tions to which he was called he discharged With fidelity and marked ability. O'Brien, Jeremiah. Born at Machias, Maine, in 1768, and died at Bos ton, May 30, 1858. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Maine, from 1823 to 1831. Early in life, and after the sepa ration of Maine from Massachusetts, he was for six years in the Legislature of the State. His educational advantages were limited, but he was a man of sound sense and solid judgment. He was both afarm- er and a merchant. Oclell, Moses F. Born in Tarry- town, Westchester County, New York, February 24, 1818 ; received a common- school education ; from a Clerk he rose to the position of Assistant Collector of New York City, under President Polk; under President Buchanan he held the post of Public Appraiser, and he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty - seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Treas ury Department, and member of that on Indian Affairs ; re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Military Affairs. In 1865 he was appointed by President Johnson Navy Agent for the port of New York, but died in that city, June 13, 1866. He was a man of rare business habits, and universally respected. His disease was cancer in the mouth. Ogden, Aaron. He was born in Elizabethtown, New Jersey, December 3, 1756; graduated at Nassau Hall in 1773; taught school for a time ; served as an officer in the army, during the whole Rev olutionary war; had a horse shot from under him at the battle of Springfield, New Jersey ; participated in the Sullivan campaign against the Indians ; and for his services at Yorktown was complimented by Washington ; after the war he pursued 19 the legal profession with distinction ; was a Presidential Elector in 1800; was a Sen ator in Congress, from 1801 to 1803 ; was Governor of New Jersey in 1812 ; and at the time of his death was President-Gen eral of the Society of Cincinnati. He died at Jersey City, April 19, 1839. Dur ing the war of 1812, President Madison offered him a commission as Major-Gen- eral in the Army of the United States, which honor he declined, preferring to continue, as he had been, Commander-in- Chief of the Militia of his own State. Ogden, David A. He was born in Morristowu, New Jersey; studied law,and took up his residence in St. Lawrence County, New York, in 1812; was a mem ber of the Assembly in 1814 and 1815; and a Representative in Congress from New York, from 1817 to 1819. He died at Montreal, Canada, June 9, 1829. Ogle, Alexander. Was born in Maryland about the year 1765 ; removed at an early age to Somerset, Pennsylva nia; in 1806 he was elected to the State Legislature, and frequently re-elected; and he was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1819. He subsequently served several years in both houses of the State Legislature ; was a General of Militia; and for nine years Prothonotary of his county. Died in Somerset, Pennsylvania, October 14, 1852. Ogle, Andrew <7. Born at Somer set, Pennsylvania, in 1822, and was the grandson of Alexander Ogle. He was considered a precocious politician, and was Prothonotary of his county when twenty-one years of age ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1849 to 1851. President Fillmore appointed him Charge d'Affaires to Denmark, 1852, but he died suddenly of apoplexy before accepting the appoint ment. Ogle, Charles. He was the son of Alexander Ogle, and was born at Somer set. Pennsylvania, in 1798. He was edu cated for the bar, and was a successful lawyer. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1837 to 1841, distinguishing himself by a speech against the appropriation for furnishing the Executive Mansion. He was also a Gen eral f Militia. Died May 10, 1841, having been elected to the succeeding Congress. Olcott, Simeon. He was born in 1737; graduated at Yale College in 1761; studied law, and settled in the practice at Charlestown, New Hampshire; he was appointed, in 1784, Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas; in 1790 a Judge of the Superior Court ; Chief Judge of the same Court in 1795 ; and was a Sena tor in Congress, from New Hampshire, 290 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOED8. from 1801 to 1805. Hampshire in 1815. He died in New Olds, Edson B. He was born in Vermont, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1855. In 1862 he was for a short time impris oned in Fort Lafayette for supposed dis loyalty, and while there confined, he was elected a member of the Assembly of Ohio, having previously served six years in the State Legislature, and been Speaker of the Senate. Olin, Abraham I?. He was born in Shaftsbury, Beunington County, Ver mont, in 1812 ; graduated at Williams Col lege, Massachusetts, in 1835 ; commenced the practice of law at Troy, New York, in 1838 ; was for three years Recorder of the City of Troy ; and was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures on the Public Buildings. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Af fairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress also. In 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Su preme Court of the District of Columbia ; and in 1865 the degree of LL.D. was con ferred upon him by Union College. His father, Gideon Olin, was in Congress, from Vermont, during the administration of President Jefferson. Olin, Gideon. He was born in Rhode Island, and, removing to Vermont, became one of its founders. He was a member of the State Legislature, and Speaker of the House, a Judge of the County Court, and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1807. He died at Shaftsbury, Vermont, in 1822. Olin, Henry. His boyhood was spent in Addison County, Vermont; he was elected to the General Assembly of that State in 1799, and, excepting four years, continued to serve in that capacity until 1825 ; he was also a member of the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1814, 1822, and 1828 ; was an Associate Judge of the Addison County Court from 1801 to 1806 ; Chief Judge of said Court in 1807, and from 1810 to 1824; and he was chosen a Representative in Congress, to fill a va cancy caused by the death of Charles Rich, in 1824, and served through the term, ending in 1825. He died at Salisbury, Vermont, in 1837, aged seventy years. Oliver, Andrew. Born at Spring field, Otsego County, New York. Soon after his birth, in 1819, his parents re moved to Pcnu Yan, in Yates County. He received a classical education, and gradu ated at Union College in 1835; he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1838,and entered upon a successful practice. He was appointed to succeed his father as First Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1843, which position he held until the adoption of the new State Constitu tion. In 1846 he was elected Judge of the Surrogate and County Courts. In 1852 he was elected a Representative in the Thirty- third Congress, and was re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. Since that time he has been devoted to the practice of his profession. Oliver, Jtfordecai. Born in Ander son County, Kentucky, October 22, 1819, and emigrated to Missouri in 1832. He received as good an education as that country afforded, and entered upon the study of law at the age of nineteen, and was admitted to the bar in 1842. He was elected Circuit Attorney for the Fifth Judicial Circuit of Missouri in 1848 ; and in 1852 was elected a member of the Thir ty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fourth. Upon retiring from Con gress, he resumed the duties of his pro fession in Richmond, Missouri. Oliver, William M. He was a na tive of Springfield, Otsego County, New York; was a lawyer by profession, and for a long time the First Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was a State Senator and Lieutenant-Governor in 1830, and a Representative from New York in the Twenty-seventh Congress. O'Neill, Charles. Born in Phila delphia, March 21, 1821 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1843 ; in 1850, 1851, and 1852 he was elected to the State Leg islature, and in 1853 to the State Senate ; re-elected to the Legislature in 1859 ; and in 1862 elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Com merce. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the same committee. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing again on the same committee and that on Expenditures in the Post Office Department. O'Neill, John. Was born in Phila delphia, December 17, 1821. In 1827 his father settled in Frederick City,Marylanl, and at St. John's College, in that place, he received his education; studied law, and came to the bar of Maryland in 1842 ; in 1844 he removed to Ohio, and there practised his profession iu the Supreme Court ; in 1855 he was elected a Prosecut ing Attorney for Muskingum County ; and iu 1862 he was elected a Representative from Ohio to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Ormsby, StepJien.IIe was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky ; a Rep- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 291 resentative in Congress from 1811 to 1817; lived to an advanced age, and died in Ken tucky. He was defeated in 1813, but his successful competitor, John Simpson, hav ing been killed at the battle of River Rai- sin, he was re-elected before the opening of Congress. Orr, Alexander X). He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1792 to 1797, and died at Paris, in that Slate, June 21, 1835, aged seventy years. Orr, Benjamin. A. native of Bed ford, New Hampshire ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1798, and settled as a lawyer in Brunswick, Maine, attaining a high rank in his profession. He was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1817 to 1819, and died in Brunswick in 1828, aged fifty years. Orr, James L,. He was born at Cray- tonville, South Carolina, May 12, 1822; received his education chiefly in the Uni- \;ersity of Virginia; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843. In 1844 he was elected to the State Legislature ; re- elected in 1845 ; and in 1848 he was elected a Representative in Congress from South Carolina, to which position he was subse quently re-elected. During the Thirty- second Congress he was frequently Chair man of the Committee of the Whole on the State of the Union, and during the next Congress was Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs ; and on the assembling of the Thirty-fifth Congress, he was elected Speaker. In December, 1860, he was ap pointed one of the Commissioners to visit Washington in behalf of South Carolina. In 1865 he was elected Governor of South Carolina. Orr, Robert. He was born in West moreland County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1825 to 1829. Orth, Godlove S. Born near Leba non, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1817 ; was edu cated chiefly at the Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1839, locating in Indiana. In 1843 and 1846 he was elected to the State Sen ate, serving six years in all, and one year as President of that body; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1848 ; was a member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. In 1862, when a call was made for men to de fend Indiana from threatened incursions, he organized a company in two hours, was elected Captain and placed in command of the United States Ram " Homer," cruising the Ohio River, and doing much to restore quiet along the borders of Kentucky, Indi ana, and Illinois. Also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, Freedmen, and Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing as Chairman of Committee on Private Laud Claims. Osborne, Thomas B. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843. Osgood, Gay ton P. He graduated at Harvard University in 1815 ; served in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1829 and 1831 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, from 1832 to 1835. Died June 26, 1861, aged sixty-four years. Osgood, Samuel. He was a native of Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard College in 1770; was a member of the Board of War during the early years of the Revolution. In 1775 and 1776 he was an Aid to General Ward. From 1780 to 1784 was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, and in 1785 was appointed by that body first Commissioner of the Treas- sury. In 1789 he was appointed, by Washington, Postmaster-General, and re tained the office two years. He held other public offices ; published a work on ' ' Chro nology ; " " Remarks on Daniel and Revela tion ; " " Letters on Episcopacy," and other subjects. Died at New York, August 12, 1813, aged sixty-five years. Otero, Miguel A. He was born at Valencia, New Mexico, June 21, 1829; was educated at the St. Louis University, in Missouri ; studied law, and was admit ted to practice in Missouri in 1852 ; return ing to New Mexico, he was elected to the Territorial Legislature; was appointed, by President Pierce, United States Dis trict Attorney for the Territory, but de clined to serve ; held the office for a time of Attorney-General for the Territory; and in 1855 he was elected a Delegate to Congress from New Mexico. Otis, Harrison Gray. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, October 8, 1765, and died at Boston, October 28, 1848. His father, Samuel A. Otis, was the first Secretary of the Senate of the United States, which office he held for twenty-five years. Harrison Gray grad uated at Harvard University in 1783, and soon became a successful practitioner at the bar. He was for many years an ac tive and leading member of the State Legislature, serving as Speaker and Pres ident of the Senate. He was chosen a Representative in Congress, for the Suf folk District, in 1797, and served through President Adams's administration ; and in 292 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1817 he was chosen a Senator in Congress, where he remained for five years. He was also Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and Mayor of Boston, for whose prosperity he accomplished much good ; displaying, in all his public stations, great ability, and the utmost fidelity to the pub lic interests. He was also appointed, by President Adams, United States District Attorney for Massachusetts, and was a Delegate to the " Hartford Convention " in 1314. He was distinguished for his schol arly acquirements, and for his eloquence as an orator. Otis, John. He was born in Maine, in 1801 ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1823; adopted the profession of law; served five years in the Maine Legislature ; was a Commissioner for settling the North-eastern boundary; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine. from 1849 to 1851; and died October 17, 1856. Otis, Samuel Allyne. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard College in 1759. In 1776 he was a Representative in the Assembly, and subsequently a member of the Conven tion which framed the Constitution of Massachusetts. From 1787 to 1788 he was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, and upon the adoption of the Constitution was appointed Secretary of the Senate, holding that office for more than thirty years. He died at Washing ton, April 22, 1814, aged seventy-three years. Outlaw, David. Born in Bertie County, North Carolina, and graduated at the University of that State in 1824. He read law at Newbern, and was admitted to the bar in 1827. He served three years in the House of Commons ; was elected Solicitor of Edenton District in 183G; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1847 to 1853. Outlaw, George . He was born in Bertie County, North Carolina ; was a member of the House of Commons in!79G; in the State Senate a number of years thereafter ; and a Representative in Con gress during the years 1824 and 1825. Died August 15, 1835. Overstreet, James. He was a na tive of Barnwell District, South Carolina; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1822. Died in 1822. Overton, Walter JET. He was a Eepresentative in Congress, from Louisi ana, from 1829 to 1831. Owen, Allen F.He was born in North Carolina, and having removed to Georgia, was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1849 to 1851. lie was subsequently appointed Consul at Havana. Owen, George W. Born in Bruns wick County, Virginia, in 17D8; was Speaker of the House of Representatives in Alabama ; Mayor of Mobile ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1829, when he was ap pointed Collector of the port of Mobile. He died August 18, 1839, at Mobile, Ala bama. Owen, James. Born in Bladen County, North Carolina, in December, 1784. He was well educated, and adopted the occupation of a planter. He was a General of Militia; four years a member of the Legislature; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1817 to 1819. Owen, Robert Dale. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland, November 7, 1801. His grandfather, David Dale, was an emi nent cotton manufacturer on the Clyde; and his father, Robert Owen, was the cele brated philanthropist. He was educated by a private tutor until the age of sixteen, when he entered the private college of Hofvvyl, near Berne, in Switzerland, re maining there three years. In 1826, his father having purchased the estate of New Harmony, in Indiana, he emigrated to this country. In 1835 he was chosen to the Indiana Legislature, and twice re-elected. In 1843 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Indiana, and re-elected in 1845. He introduced the bill organizing the Smithsonian Institution, and was one of its first Regents ; and he also submitted the resolution which brought about a set tlement of the Oregon Boundary. In 1849 he was elected to the " Constitutional Convention " of Indiana, and made its Chairman ; and in 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce, Minister to Naples, remaining there five years. In 1860 he published "Footfalls on the Boundary of Another World," and in 1864 " The Wrong of Slavery and the Right of Emancipation." After a succession of efforts, extending through fifteen years, he procured the passage in Indiana of laws securing to women independent rights of property; and during the Rebellion he served on two important Government Commissions. Owens, George W. A prominent memberof the Georgia bar, and a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Died at Savannah in 1856. Owsley, Bryan Y. He was born in Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Paca, William. Born at Wye Hall, BIOaEAPHICAL RECOEDS. 293 Maryland, October 31, 1740; received a liberal education, and adopted the profes sion of law ; was a member of the Mary land Legislature; a Delegate from that State to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1779; was a signer of the Decla ration of Independence. On the com mencement of hostilities he contributed of his private wealth to the public cause ; served upon various important local com mittees; after leaving Congress he was appointed Chief Judge of the Superior Court of Maryland, and in 1780 he was appointed Chief Judge in Admiralty cases ; in 1782 he was elected Governor of Mary land, and re-elected in 1786; in 1789 he was appointed District Judge for the District of Maryland, which office he held until his death, which occurred in 1799. "Packer, Asa. He was born in Con- nccticut; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1853 to 1857. Page, J'ohn.He was one of the first Representatives in Congress, from Vir ginia, under the present Constitution, serving from 1789 to 1797, and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. In 1800 he was chosen one of the Electors for Presi dent, and from 1802 to 1805 was Governor of Virginia. He published addresses to the people in 1796 and 1799. He died at Richmond, Virginia, October 11, 1804, aged sixty-four years. Page, John. He was born in Haver- hill, New Hampshire, May 21, 1787; re ceived an academical education, but was chiefly devoted to agricultural pursuits. In 1815 he was appointed an Assessor of Taxes ; was a Register of Deeds from 1828 to 1834 for Grafton County ; served in the New Hampshire Legislature in 1818, 1819, 1820, and 1835; in 1836 he was chosen a member of the Executive Council, and again in 1838 ; and it was during the in tervening year 1837 that he served as a Senator in Congress for the unexpired term of Isaac Hill, resigned; and he was Gov ernor of New Hampshire from 1839 to 1842. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a leading member of the Methodist Church. Died at Concord, Sep tember 8, 1865. Page, Mann. He was a Delegate, from Virginia, to the Continental Con gress, in 1777. Page, Robert. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801. Page, Sherman. He was born in Connecticut; served in the Assembly of New York, from Otsego County, in 1827; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1S37. He was also Judge of the Common Pleas in Otsego County, and died in Unadilla. Paine, Elijah. Born in Brooklyn, Connecticut, January 21, 1757, and gradu ated at Harvard College in 1781. He was the first President of the Phi Beta Kappa Society of Harvard, and pronounced the first oration before the same. He was a lawyer by profession; and, having settled in Vermont, was one of the most useful pioneers of the new State, following the practice of his profession, and the employ ments of farmer, road-maker, and cloth- manufacturer. In 1786 he was a member of the Convention called to revise the State Constitution, and of which he was Secre tary. In 1787 he was elected to the State Legislature, and so continued until 1791, when he was appointed Judge of the Su preme Court. He was one of the Commis sioners to settle the controversy between Vermont and New York in 1789; was a Trustee of Dartmouth College ; President of the Vermont Colonization Society; a pecuniary benefactor to the University of Vermont ; received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D., and was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and an ordinary member of several other literary institutions. He was a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, from 1795 to 1801. In 1801 he was ap pointed, by President Adams, Judge of the District Court of Vermont, which office he held till within a month of his death, when he resigned. He died at Williams- town, Vermont, April 21, 1842. Paine, Ephraim. He was a Dele gate from New York to the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785. . Paine, Halbert E. He was born in Chardon, Geauga County, Ohio, February 4, 1826 ; graduated at the Western Reserve College in 1845 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1848, settling in Cleveland ; re moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1857; entered the army in 1861 as Colonel of the Fourth Wisconsin Regiment; was pro moted to the rank of Brigadier-General in March, 1863 ; and lost a leg in the follow ing June, while in command of the Third Division of the Nineteenth Corps, at the last assault on Port Hudson. In March, 1865, he was brevetted a Major-General, but resigned his commission in May, 1865 ; and was elected a Representative from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections, the Select Committee on the Freedmen, and that on the Militia. He was a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention" of 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction, and Sol diers' and Sailors' Bounties, and as Chair man of the Committee on the Militia. 294 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Paine, Robert Treat. Tie was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1731 ; gradu ated at Harvard College in 1749; studied theology, and was a Chaplain in the army in 1758; and, after trying various other pursuits, he settled in Taunton as a law yer. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1778, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was for a while Attorney-General of Massachusetts, and subsequently a Judge of the Supreme Court of that State. In 1804 he resigned the office of Judge, and was appointed one of the State Council lors ; and in about one year retired to pri vate life. Died May 11, 1814. His son, bearing the same name, was distinguished as a poet. Paine, Robert T. He was born in North Carolina ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Palen, Rufus.He was born in New York; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Palfrey, John G. Born in Boston, May 2, 1795. He was prepared for college at Exeter Academy, and graduated at Harvard in 1815; he studied theology, and was ordained a Unitarian preacher in 1818 ; he was subsequently, for a number of years, editor of the "North American Keview;" was Professor of Sacred Literature in Harvard College from 1830 to 1839 and from which he received the degrees of D.D. and LL.D; delivered a course of lectures before the Lowell Insti tute ; during the years 1842 and 1843 he was a member of the General Court; was elected Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts ; and he was a member of Congress, from 1847 and 1849. His pub lished writings are numerous, chiefly of a theological and political character. His last work was a History of New England. In 1861 he was appointed Postmaster of Boston. Palmer, Beriah. Born in New York ; served four years in the Assembly of New York, from Saratoga County; and was a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1805. Palmer, George W. Born in Hoos- ick, Rensselaer County, New York, Janu ary 13, 1818; received a common-school education ; adopted the profession of law ; was Surrogate of Clinton County from 1843 to 1847; and a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from New York, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Depart ment. He was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Public Expenditures. He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention " of 1864. In 1806 he was appointed a Judge of the mixed court at Sierra Leone under the Treaty with Great Britain for the more effectual suppression of the slave trade. Palmer, John. He was born in Hoosick, Rensselaer County, New York, in 1785; received a good education, and studied law; and, having settled inPlatts- burg, Clinton County, in 1810, formed a law partnership with Chancellor Wai- worth, which continued until 1820. He was elected a Representative to Congress in 1817, but before the expiration of his term he was chosen District Attorney for Clinton County, in which capacity he served until 1831, and during that year he was made the first Judge of said county, and held the office until 1836. He was again elected to Congress in 1837, and served one term. He died of consumption, at St. Bartholomew, West Indies, Decem ber 8, 1840. Palmer, William A. He was a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, from 1818 to 1825. He was also a member of the Vermont Legislature for six years ; Judge of the Supreme Court in 1816 ; Governor of Vermont from 1831 to 1835; member of the " Constitutional Conventions " of 1828 and 1836 ; Judge of Probate and of the County Court ; two years a State Senator; and for eight years Clerk of the Courts. Died at Danville, Vermont, at an advanced age, in December, 1860. Par7ce, Benjamin. He was a native of New Jersey, and was born in 1777. He was one of the early pioneers to the West ern Territory, and settled in that portion which now forms the State of Indiana in 1800. From 1805 to 1808 he was a Dele gate in Congress from that Territory, and was soon after appointed by President Jefferson Judge of the District Court, which office he held until his death, which occurred in Salem, Indiana, July 12, 1835. He was at one time President of the State Historical Society. ParTcer, Amasa J. Born in 1807, at Sharon, Connecticut, and graduated at Union College, New York. He was ad mitted to the bar in Delhi, New York, in October, 1828. In 1833 he was elected a Representative in the State Legislature, and in 1835 was chosen a Regent of the University. From 1837 to 1839 he was a Representative in Congress, and in 1844 he was appointed a Circuit Judge and Vice-Chancellor of the Court of Equity. Soon after the adoption of a New State Constitution, he became a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. In 1859 he was appointed United States Attorney for the District of New York. He was also BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 295 a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864 ; and to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1867. Parker, Andrew. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Parker, Isaac. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, June 17, 1768, and gradu ated at Harvard College in 1786. He com menced the practice of law at Castiue, in the District of Maine, and was elected to Congress, serving as Representative from 1797 to 1799. He was appointed, by Pres ident Adams, Marshal for the District of Maine, which office he held till 1801. He afterwards removed to Portland, and in 1806 was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court, and in 1814 Chief Justice, which position he occupied for sixteen j^ears. In 1820 he was President of the " Massa chusetts Convention " for the revision of the Constitution, and for several years he was Professor of Law in Harvard Univer sity. He was a distinguished scholar and friend of literature, and for eleven years was a Trustee of Bowdoin College, and for twenty years an Overseer of Harvard. He died in Boston, May 26, 1830. Parker, James. He was born in the Township of Bethlehem, Hunterdon Coun ty, New Jersey, March 1, 1776. He was a student in Columbia College, New York, and graduated in 1793; he entered the counting-house of a merchant in New York, and remained there until 1797, when he settled in Perth Amboy, where he has since resided; he was for a few years engaged in trade ; was a member of the New Jersey Legislature in 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, 1810, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1818, and 1827, in all eleven years; was a Jackson Elector in 1824 ; Collector of the Customs at Perth Amboy from 1829 to 1833; and was a Representative in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He also served as one of the Commissioners, on the part of New Jersey, to settle the boundary and jurisdiction between New York and New Jersey, at the different periods of 1807, 1827, and 1833, obtaining an agreement during the year last named ; and he was a member of the " Constitu tional Convention " of the State in 1844. Mr. Parker is still living, in the enjoy ment of a pleasant home and troops of friends. Parker, JTames.A. native of Bos ton, Massachusetts ; was a physician by profession; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1815, and from 1819 to 1821. He was for fifty years a resident of Gardiner, Maine, where he died November 9, 1837, aged sixty-nine years. Parker, JoJm. He was a Delegate from South Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1786 to 1788. Parker, John Mason. Born in Granville, Washington County, New York, June 14, 1805 ; graduated at Micl- cllebury College, Vermont, in 1828 ; was a lawyer by profession ; and a Represent ative in the Thirty-fifth Congress from New York, serving on the Committees op Public Expenditures and Revolutionary Pensions. Parker, JosiaJi. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1789 to 1801 ; and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Parker, NaJium, He was a Sena tor in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1807 to 1810, having also held the positions of State Councillor from 1805 to 1807, President of the State Senate in 1828, and Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Hilisborough County from 1822 to 1825. Died in 1839, aged eighty years. Parker, Richard. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Parker, Richard E. Born in 1777; in early life was a member of the Vir ginia House of Delegates ; for many years a Judge of the General and Circuit Courts of Virginia; also a Judge of the Supreme Court of Appeals ; and for a brief period, from 1836 to 1837, a Senator in Congress. He died in Virginia, in November, 1840. Parker, Samuel W.Tlc was born in Jefferson County, New York, Septem ber 9, 1805 ; graduated at the Miami University, in Ohio, in 1828; settled in Indiana; and, while studying law, taught school and edited a newspaper; he was admitted to the bar in 1831 ; was elected to the Legislature in 1836, where he served five years ; and was two years Attorney for the State. He was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1851 to 1855 ; he was, in 1846, President of the White Water Canal Company, the Char ter for which he had passed by the Legis lature ; in 1844: he was a Clay Elector, and in 1856 an Elector for Fremont ; and at the present time is President of the Junction Railway Company of Indiana, where he resides, chiefly engaged in agri cultural pursuits. Parker, Severn E. He was born in Northampton County, Virginia, and was a prominent member of the Virginia Leg islature, an eminent lawyer, and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1819 to 1821. 29G BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. He died October 21, 1836, in Northampton County, Virginia. Parks, GorJiam.Re was born in the western part of Massachusetts in 1793 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1813; adopted the profession of law, and com menced practice at Bangor; and was a [Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1832 to .1837. From 1838 to 1841 he was United States Marshal for the Dis trict of Maine; from 1843 to 1845 United States Attorney ; and from 1845 to 1849 United States Consul at liio Janeiro. Parmenter, William. He was born in Massachusetts, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1845. He was also a State Senator in 1836 ; and Naval Officer at Bos ton from 1845 to 1849. Died in Cam bridge, Massachusetts, February '27, 1866. Parris, Albion K. He was born in Hebron, Oxford County, Maine, Janu ary 19, 1788; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1806; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1809; in 1811 he was appointed Attorney for Oxford Coun ty; in 1813 was elected to the General Court; in 1814 was chosen a State Sen ator; was elected a Representative in Congress in 1815, and again in 1817; in 1816 he was a member of the " State Con stitutional Convention ; " was appointed Judge of the Federal District Court in 1818, when he resigned. In 1819 he was a member of the " State Convention" for framing a Constitution; and in 1820 was appointed Judge of Probate for Cumber land County. He was five times elected Governor of Maine, from 1822 to 1827 ; was a Senator in Congress in 1827 and 1828; was appointed Judge of the Su preme Court of the State in 1828, holding the office until 1836, when he became Second Comptroller in the Federal Treas ury Department. He left this office in 1850, and returned to Portland, of which city, in 1852, he was elected Mayor. He died in Portland, February 11, 1857. Parris, Virgil D. Born in Maine, adopted the profession of law ; was as sistant Secretary of the State Senate in 1831 ; was a member of the Maine Legis lature from 1833 to 1839; a Represent ative in Congress, from Maine, from 1838 to 1841 ; a State Senator in 1842 and 1843 ; United States Marshal for Maine from 1844 to 1848; United States Special Mail Agent from 1853 to 1856 ; and subsequent ly held the office of Naval Storekeeper at Kittery, Maine. When in the State Sen ate he was President pro teni., and for a short time acting Governor of the State. Parrish, Isaac. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and again from 1845 to 1847. Parrott, John F.IIc was a mem ber, in 1811, of the New Hampshire Leg islature ; a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1817 to 1819; and a Senator of the United States from 1819 to 1825; and in 1826 was appointed Postmaster at Portsmouth, New Hamp shire. He died in Greenland, New Hamp shire, July 9, 1836, aged sixty-eight years. Parrott, Marcus J". Born at Ham burg, South Carolina, October 27, 1828 ; graduated at Dickinson College, Pennsyl vania, in 1849; is a lawyer by profession, having studied at Cambridge; was a mem ber of the Ohio Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-fifth Congress from Kansas Terri tory. Elected also to the Thirty-sixth Congress. Partridge, George. He graduated at Harvard College in 17G2 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1776 to 1778, and in 1784; and a Representative in Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1791. He died at Duxbury, Massachu setts, July 7, 1828, aged eighty-eight years. Partridge, Samuel. He was born in New York; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. Paterson, William. Born at sea, of Irish parents, in 1745. He graduated at Princeton ia 1763 ; studied law and ad mitted to the bar in 1769 ; was a member of the Convention which formed the first Constitution of New Jersey in 1776; from that time until the -year 1786 he was At torney-General of the State; and was one of the first Senators in Congress, from 1789 to 1790, when he resigned, having previously been a member of the Conven tion which formed the Federal Constitu tion, which instrument he signed. He was Governor of New Jersey from 1791 to 1794, when he was appointed, by the Pres ident, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which he held until his death in 1806. In 1798 and 179:) he re vised, by authority of the Legislature, the laws of New Jersey, a work highly es teemed and the foundation of the jurispru dence of the State. He received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard and Dart mouth. Patterson, David T. He was born in Greene County, Tennessee, February 28, 1819 ; received an academical education ; was engaged f .jr a time as a paper-maker and also as a miller; studied law and BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 297 came to the bar in 1841 ; was elected a Judge of the Circuit Court in 1854, and re-elected in 1862; and in 1865 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ten nessee, for the term ending in 1869, having taken his seat on the last day of the lirst session of the Thirty-ninth Congress, and serving, during the subsequent session, on the Committees on Commerce, Revo lutionary Claims, and the District of Co lumbia. He is the son-in-law of Presi dent Andrew Johnson. Patterson, James IF. He was born in Ilcnniker, Merrimack Count} 1 -, New Hampshire, July 2, 1823 ; was educated at Dartmouth College, graduating in 1848. From 1854 to 1859 he was a Professor of Mathematics in Dartmouth College, after which he was transferred to the chair of Professor of Astronomy and Meteorology, in the same college, which he still holds. From 1858 to 1861 he was a School Com missioner from Grafton County, and at the same time was Secretary of the Board of Education for the State. In 1862 he served in the State Legislature, and was elected a Representative, from New Hamp shire, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Expenditures in the Treasury Department, and for the District of Columbia. In 1864 he was ap pointed a Regent of the Smithsonian In stitution, and was reappointed in 1865. He-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and the Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and also on those on a Bureau of Education, and Free Schools in the District of Columbia. In June, 1866, he was elected a Senator in Congress for the terra commencing in 1867 and ending in 1873, serving on the Com mittees on Foreign Relations, District of Columbia, and Enrolled Bills. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy alists' Convention" of 1866. Patterson, John. He was a mem ber, for four years, of the Assembly of New York; and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1803 to 1805. Patterson, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1825. Patterson, Thomas. He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1825. Patterson, Thomas J. He was born in New York; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Patterson, Walter. He was born in Columbia County, New York, and was a member of the Assembly of New York, in 1818, from Columbia County; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from 1821 to 1823. Patterson, William. He was bora in Maryland, and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1838. Patterson, William. He was born in Londonderry, New Hampshire, June 4, 1789 ; removed to the State of New York in 1815, and subsequently settled in War saw, Genesee, now Wyoming County. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839, but died before the expiration of his term, at Warsaw, New York, August 14, 1838. Patton, John. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1785 and 1786, and a Representative in Con gress, from Delaware, from 1793 to 1794, and for a second term from 1795 to 1797, but his seat was successfully contested by H. Latimer. Patton, John. He was bora in Pennsylvania, and elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Indian Affairs. Patton, John M. He was bora in. Virginia; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law, in which he was successful; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1830 to 1838. He died in October, 1858, in the sixty-second year of his age. He was for some years, and at the time of his deatl}, Judge of the Court of Appeals. Paulding,Jr., William. ~Born in. Tarrytown, Westchester County, New York, in 1769 ; was educated for the law, and engaged in a lucrative practice in New York City. He was a Delegate to the New York Convention for revising the State Constitution in 1821 ; and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813, but he was absent from his seat during the ses sion in which war was declared, and served as General of Militia during its prosecution. In 1823 he was chosen Mayor of New York, after which he held no public office. He died at Tarrytown, February 11, 1854. Pawling, Levi.IIe was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1817 to 1819. Payne, Winter IF. He was born in Fauquier County, Virginia, January 2, 1807; received a good English education, and emigrated to Alabama in 1825; was elected to the Alabama Legislature in 1831, and, with the exception of one year, 298 BIOGRAPHICAL EEGOEDS. served in that capacity until 1840; and was a Representative in Congress, from Alabama, from 1841 to 1847. He subse quently returned to Warrenton, Virginia, where lie settled, devoting himself to agricultural pursuits. Paynter, Lemuel. He was born in Delaware, and, on removing to Pennsyl vania, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Peaooily, Nathaniel. He was a Delegate from New Hampshire, to the Continental Congress, in 1779 and 1780. Died in 1823, aged eighty-two years. Pearce, JDutee J. Born in Ports mouth, Rhode Island, in 1789, and gradu- ted at Brown University in 1808 ; died at Newport, Rhode Island, May 9, 1849. He was a prominent lawyer; at one time At torney-General of the State, and United States District Attorney for that district, and a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1833, and again from 1835 to 1837. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1821. He was a graduate of Brown University, and served in the Legislature of Rhode Island. Pearce, James A. He was born in Alexandria, Virginia, December 14, 1805, although of a Maryland family by his father's side. He graduated at Princeton College, with the first honors, in 1822 ; was bred to the law, but was much en gaged in the pursuits of agriculture ; he was a member of the Maryland Legisla ture in 1831 ; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839, and from 1841 to 1843; and a Senator in Con gress, from 1843 to 1862, having served for a number of years as Chairman of the Joint Committee cm the Library. He also held the post of Professor of Law in Wash ington College, Chestertown, and was a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. Was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing March, 1863, but died at Chestertown,Maryland, December20, 1862. Pearce, John J. He was born iu Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Pearson, Joseph. Born in Rowan County, North Carolina, and died at Salis bury, October 27, 1834. He was a lawyer by profession, served two years in the State Legislature, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1809 to 1815. While in Congress he fought a duel with the Hon. John G. Jack son, the result of a political quarrel. Peaslee, Charles H. He was born In Gilmauton, New Hampshire, in Febru ary, 1804 ; graduated at Dartmouth Col lege in 1824 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1853. He was also a State Representative from 1833 to 1837; Adjutant-General of the State from 1839 to 1847 ; and Collector of Customs at Boston, from 1853 to 1857. Died at St. Paul, Minnesota, while on a visit there in October, 18G6. Peck, George 7F. He was born in New York about the year 1818 ; removed to Michigan, and was a member of the Legislature of that State in 1846 and 1847, serving as Speaker during the latter year; was afterwards chosen Secretary of State ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Michigan, from 1855 to 1857. Peck, Jared V. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Peck, Lucius B. He was born in Waterbury, Vermont, in 1799 ; spent two years at the West Point Academy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1824; served in the State Legislature, and was a Rep resentative iu Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. From 1853 to 1857 he was United States Attorney for Vermont, and subsequently President of the Ver mont and Canada Railroad. Died in Low ell, Massachusetts, December, 1866. Peck, Luther C. He was born in Connecticut, aud was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1841. Peckham, Rufus W. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855 ; and in 1859 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court. Peek, Hermanns. He was born in Albany. New York, and was for two years a member of the New York Assembly, from Schenectady County, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821. Peery, William. He was a Dele gate from Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 1786. Pegram, John. He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1818 to 1819, to fill the unexpired term of Peterson Goodwin. Pelton, Guy J?. Born at Great Bar- rington, Berkshire County, Massachu setts, August 3, 1825. His taste, from early boyhood, had inclined him to the study of law, but it was not until he had attained his twentieth year that he was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 299 enabled to prosecute his plans for a pro fessional life, having previously to that time remained upon the homestead farm with his father. He spent two years in the academy of his native town, and three years in the Connecticut Literary Insti tute, after which he devoted one year to teaching at Lee, Massachusetts, and at Dover Plains, New York, employing his leisure in reading elementary works on law. He then entered a law office at Kin- derhook, and completed his studies, being admitted to the bar in 1850. In 1851 he opened a law office in New York City, and in 1851 was elected a Kepresentative to the Thirty-fourth Congress, after which he returned to New York, and resumed his professional labors. Pendleton, Edmund. He was a native of Virginia, and held various pub lic offices in that State. He was a Judge of the Court of Appeals ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775. In 1787 was chosen President of the Convention of Virginia which met to consider the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 he declined the appoint ment, by Washington, as District Judge for Virginia. He died at Richmond, Oc tober 11, 1823, aged eighty-two. Pendleton Edmund IT. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833. '9f ' Pendleton, George H. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 25, 1825 ; is a law yer by profession ; was a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1854 and 1855 ; was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fifth, Thirty-sixth, and Thirty- seventh Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs dur ing each term. Re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Ways and Means, and as Chairman of a Special Committee on admitting cab inet officers to the floor of the House of Representatives. His father, Nathaniel Greene Pendleton, was also a Representa tive in Congress. In 1864 he was nomi nated for the office of Vice'President of the United States, on the ticket with George B. McClellan for President. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Pendleton, J~ohn S. He was born in Virginia; in 1841 was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the Republic of Chili ; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term, ending in 1849. In 1851 he was ap pointed, by President Fillmore, Minister Resident to the Argentine Confederation, and was authorized to negotiate with Par aguay, etc. Pendleton , Nathaniel Greene, Born in Savannah, Georgia, in August, 1793; removed with his father, to New York in his childhood ; was educated at Columbia College ; adopted the profession of law; was an Aid to General E. P. Gaiues from 1813 to 1815; removed to Ohio in 1818 ; in 1825 was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and re-elected ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1841 to 1843, after which he volun tarily retired from public life. He was a man of high character and uncommon ability, and died in Cincinnati, June 16, 1861. His father, Nathaniel, was an officer in the Revolutionary war, a Judge, and second of General Alexander Hamil ton in his duel with Aaron Burr. Penn, Alexander G. He was bora in Virginia, and, having settled in Louisi ana, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Died suddenly, in Washing:on, May 8, 1866, while on a visit to that city. He once held a position in the Custom-house of New Orleans. Penn, John- Born in Caroline County, Virginia, May 17, 1741 ; his early 'education was defective, but he soon overcame all obstacles, and acquired a knowledge of law ; in 1774 he settled in North Carolina; and was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1780, and signed the Declaration of Independence, as well as the Articles of Confederation. When Cornwallis invaded North Carolina, he was placed in charge of public affairs, and acquitted himself with credit; in 1784 he was appointed Receiver of Taxes ; he died October 26, 1809. Penniman, Ebenezer JTencJces. He was born in Lansingburgh, New York ; when thirteen years of age was appren ticed to the business of printing, in the office of the " New Hampshire Sentinel," at Keene ; when eighteen years of age he purchased his indentures, and entered upon mercantile pursuits in the City of New York ; removed to Michigan in 1835, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-second Con gress. Pennington, Alexander C. M. He was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1811 ; a lawyer by profession ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1857 ; also served two years in the State Legislature; and subse quently settled in the City of New York, where he died January 25, 1867, aged fifty- six years. Pennington, William. He was born in Newark, New Jersey, in 1797 ; re ceived a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1837 he was 300 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. elected Governor of Ne\v Jersey, and annually re-elected until 1843, acting at the same time as Chancellor of the State, ex ojjicio, and taking a prominent part in what was known as the " Broad Seal Con troversy." By President Taylor he was appointed Governor of Minnesota Terri tory, and by President Fillraore, a Judge to settle land claims in California, both of which positions he declined to accept. In 1858, contrary to his wishes, he was elected a Representative, from New Jer sey, to the Thirty-sixth Congress ; and, after the lapse of two months from taking his seat, he was elected Speaker of the House of Representatives. Died at New ark, New Jersey, February 1C, 1862.. He had been indisposed, and having taken an overdose of morphine, for some other medicine, died from its effects. Pennybacker, Isaac S. Born in 1806, in Shenandoah County, Virginia; was a lawyer by profession ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1837 to 1831) ; and then Judge of the District Court of Western Virginia; and a Senator in Con gress for the term from 1845 to 1851. He died in Washington, District of Columbia, January 12, 1847. Perea, Francisco. Was born in Zadillas, County of Bernalillo, New Mex ico, January 9, 1831, and in 18G3 he was elected a Delegate, from New Mexico, to the Thirty-eighth Congress. PerJiatn, Sidney. Was born in Woodstock, Oxford County, Maine, March 27, 1819; until his thirty-fourth year he followed the double occupation of farmer and teacher; in 1852 he was chosen a member of the Maine Board of Agriculture, which position he held for two years ; in 1855 he was a member of the State Legislature, and officiated as Speaker; in 1856 he was a Presidential Elector; in 1858 was elected County Clerk for Oxford County, and re-elected in 1861 ; and in 1862 was elected a Repre sentative, from Maine, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Agriculture, and Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Perkins, Bishop. He was born in New Hampshire, and, having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. PerJcins, Ellas. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, April 5,1767 ; grad uated at Yale College, in 1786; studied law, and, after practising a few years, re linquished the profession, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Con necticut, from 1791 to 1803. He was sub sequently chosen Judge of the Court for the County of New London, which office he held until he became ineligible from his advanced years; was Mayor of the City of New London from 1829 to 1832, when he declined a re-election; and he died in New London, September 27, 1845. PerJcins, Jared.lle was born in New Hampshire, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. He also held the position of State Councillor from 1846 to 1849 ; State Representative in 1850; and died at Nashua, October 14, 1854. Perkins, Jr., John. He was born in Louisiana, July 1, 1819. He graduated at Yale College in 1840, and subsequently at the Law School of Harvard College ; he settled, for the practice of his profession, in New Orleans, but his health compelled him to travel in Europe ; on his return, in 1851, he was chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of Lousiana, which position he held until elected to Congress, in 1853, where he advocated Democratic measures, and remained until 1855, serving on the Com mittee on Foreign Affairs. Took part in the Rebellion. Perrill, Augustus L. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1845 to 1847. Perry, John J. He was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, August 2, 1811, but when a child removed with his father, Rev. Daniel Perry, to Oxford, Maine; he received a common-school education, and of his own accord spent three years at the " Maine Wesleyan Seminary," paying for his tuition by labor ing on the farm belonging to the institu tion, and also by teaching school in the winter. Having spent three years en gaged in mercantile pursuits, he turned his attention to the law ; was admitted to the bar at Oxford in 1844, where he has practised his profession ever since. He was elected t the Maine Legislature in 1839, 1842, and 1843; was afterwards for seven years Major-General of the Maine Militia; in 1840 and 1847, he was elected to the State Senate ; in 1854 he was elected Clerk of the Maine House of Representa tives ; and he was a Representative in Con gress from 1855 to 1857. Of late years he has been connected with the press, as editor of the " Oxford Democrat," a paper published at Paris, Maine; and he was also elected a Representative in the Thir ty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Territories. He was also a member of the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Perry, NeJiemiah.Ke was born at BIOGEAPHICAL RECORDS. 301 Ridgeficld, Connecticut, March 30, 181G ; received a good education at the West Lane Seminary ; has been chiefly engaged in the cloth and clothing business ; was for many years the presiding member of the Common Council of Newark, New Jersey; served a number of years in the Legislature of that State; and was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Expenditures on Public Buildings. Re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce. Ferry, Thomas. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Peter, George. Born in George town, Montgomery County, Maryland (now the District of Columbia), Septem ber 28, 1779. He was educated at private institutions and at the Georgetown Col lege; entered the United States Army in 1790, and resigned in 1809 ; served as a Major of Volunteers during the war of 1812; was a Representative in Congress from 181G to 1819, and again from 1825 to 1827 ; was elected twice to the State Leg islature; and also served the public as Commissioner of Public Works for the State of Maryland. Died in Montgomery County, Maryland, June 22, 1861. Peters, 7b7m A. -He was born in Ellsworth, Hancock County, Maine, Octo ber 9, 1822 ; graduated at Yale College in 1842; studied law at the Harvard Law School, and came to the bar at Bangor in 1844 ; in 1862 and 1803 he was elected to the Senate of Maine; in 1864 he was elected to the House of Representatives ; at the close of 1864 and also in 1865 and 1866 he was elected by the Legislature Attorney-General of the State, and subse quently elected a Representative from Maine to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expendi tures and Patents. Peters, Richard. He was born near Philadelphia, August 22, 1744 ; grad uated at Philadelphia College ; was a law yer by profession, and very successful in his native State from the fluency with which ] ; ft spoke German. He was remark able for his wit, and when he accompanied the delegation from Pennsylvania to the Six Nations, the Indians were so delighted with his vivacity that he was formally adopted by them into their tribes. At the commencement of the Revolution he be came a Captain cf Volunteers, but was soon transferred to the Board of War, with which he was connected until 1781, when he resigned his post, and received from Congress a vote of thanks for his services. He was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1782 to 1783. After the organization of the Federal Gov ernment, Washington offered him the po sition of Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States, which he declined, but accepted that of Judge of the District Court of Pennsylvania, which situation he occupied until his death. Besides his du ties on the bench, he was chiefly engaged, in the pursuits of agriculture and public works; was first President of the Com pany who built the permanent bridge over the Schuylkill at Philadelphia. In 1797 he published his experiments in agricul ture and improvements in American hus bandry ; was President of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society, and enriched its me moirs with many valuable communica tions. He died in 1824. Petrie, George. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. PetriJcen, David. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Died January 3, 1849. Pettigrew, Ebenezer. He was a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1835 to 1837, and was a member of the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department. Pettls, Spencer. He was born in Virginia, and educated a lawyer, and, on taking up his residence in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress, where he served from 1829 to 1831. Died August 26, 1831, aged twenty-nine years, having fallen in a duel with Major Thomas Biddle at St. Louis. Pettit, Charles. Tie was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Phila delphia, from 1785 to 1787. Pettit, John. Born at Sackett's Har bor, Jeiferson County, New York, July 24, 1807; he received a good education, and studied law, and removed to Lafayette, Indiana, in 1831, where he has since re sided. He was a member of the State Legislature, United States District Attor ney, and served in the House of Repre sentatives in Congress from 1843 to 1847, and in the United States Senate from 1853 to 1855. In 1850 he was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention," and, has twice held the office of Circuit Judge ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and in 185.9 he was appointed, by President Bu chanan, Chief Justice of the Federal Courts of Kansas. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864. Pettit, JoJin U. He was born in New York; graduated at Union Collega 302 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. in 1839 ; studied law, and commenced the practice of his profession in Wabash, Indiana, in 1841. He went as United States Consul to Maranham, Brazil, in 1850; and on his return, in 1853, was ap pointed Judge of the Upper Wabash Cir cuit Court of Indiana; and was elected to Congress, as a Representative of that State, in 1854 ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress. He was a member of the Joint Committee on the Library. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Library Committee. Peyton, Bailie. He was born in Sumner County, Tennessee; received a liberal education, and adopted the profes sion of law ; he was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837; he was appointed, by President Fillmore, in 1849, Minister to Chili ; was subsequently elected United States Dis trict Attorney for Louisiana; was for a time settled at San Francisco, California, in the practice of his profession, but re turned to his native State. In 1861 he was a Presidential Elector for the State of Tennessee, and subsequently served in the Rebellion. Peyton, Joseph JBT. Born in Sum ner County, Tennessee, in 1813 ; was fre quently elected to the Senate of Tennes see; held many other local positions of high character ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845. He re ceived a medical education, but abandoned that profession for politics. Died in Sum ner, Tennessee, November 12, 1845, hav ing been re-elected to Congress. Peyton, Samuel O. Born in Bullitt County, Kentucky, in 1804; received a good common-school education; settled in Hartford and devoted two years to the duties of a clerk; studied medicine, and graduated at Transylvania University in 1827; in 1835 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1847 to 1849 ; and was re-elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving during his last term as a member of the Commit tee on Public Buildings and Grounds. F7ielps, Charles E. He was born in Guilford, Vermont, May 1, 1833; re moved with his parents to Pennsylvania in 1838, and to Maryland in 1841 ; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1852, and at the Law School of Harvard University in 1853 ; studied law, and came to the Mary land bar in 1855 ; and admitted to practice in the United States Supreme Court in 1859. During that year he assisted in or ganizing the " Maryland Guard " for mu nicipal purposes, was chosen Captain, afterwards Major, which latter commis sion he resigned April 19, 1861, rather than obey an order that he deemed trea sonable. In 1860 he was a member of the City Council of Baltimore. In 1802 he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of the Seventh Maryland Volunteers, promoted to the rank of Colonel in 1863, and honor ably discharged on account of wounds in 1864, and was soon afterwards elected a Representative from Maryland to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Militia, and on Naval Affairs. He was subsequently commis sioned a Brevet Brigadier-General for gallant conduct at the battle of Spottsyl- vania. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations, and Expenses in the War Department. Phelps, Elisha. He was a native of Simsbury, Connecticut; born in No vember, 1779; graduated at Yale College in 1800, and studied law at Litchfleld. He was several times a member of the House of Representatives and of the Senate of his native State. He was Speaker of the House of Representatives in the Legisla ture in 1821 and 1829; was a Representa tive in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1819 to 1821, and also from 1825 to 1829; was Comptroller of the State from 1830 to 1834, and in 1835 was appointed one of the Commissioners to revise the statutes of Connecticut. He died at Simsbury, in April, 1847. Phelps, John Smith. He was born in Simsbury, Hartford County, Connecti cut, December 22, 1814; was educated at Washington (now Trinity) College, Hart ford, Connecticut, and studied law in the office of his father, Elisha Phelps. He practised law a short time in his native State, and in 1837 emigrated to Missouri, and settled at Springfield, Greene County, near which town he now resides. In 1840 he was chosen by the people of Greene County to represent them in the Legisla ture ; and having been appointed Brigade- Inspector of Militia in 1841, he has since borne the title of Major. In 1844 he was elected Representative to the Twenty- ninth Congress, serving in that position until the close of the Thirty-sixth Con gress, and was a member of the Select Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lious States. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He served as Colonel of Volunteers in 1861, and in 18G2 was appointed by President Lincoln Mili tary Governor of Arkansas. He was, dur ing the Thirty-fifth Congress, Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, and generally served on important com mittees. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion " of 1866, and in 1867 was appointed a Commissioner to settle the War Claims of Indiana. BIOGEAPHICAL EECOEDS. 303 Phelps, Launcelot. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1839. Phelps, Oliver. He was a Repi'e- sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1S03 to 1805, and a member of the Assembly of that State, from Ontario County, in 1834. Phelps, Samuel S.Tfe was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, May 13, 1793, and died March 25, 1855, in Middlebury, Ver mont. He graduated at Yale College in 1811, and while studying law, in 1812, lie entered the American army, and before the close of his military career was appointed Paymaster. He settled in Middlebury, and practised law. In 1827 he was member of the Council of Censors, and wrote the address issued by that body. In 1831 he was chosen a member of the Legislative Council of Vermont, and was soon after wards appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State, in which position he remained until 1838. He was a Senator in Congress from 1839 to 1851, in which body he displayed abilities of a high or der. In January, 1853, he was appointed to the Senate in the place of William Up- liam, deceased, and served until October, 1854. Phelps, Titn&thy G. He was born in New York, and, removing to Cali fornia, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Phelps, William IF. He was born in Oakland County, Michigan, June 1, 1826 ; he graduated at the University of Michi gan in 1846; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1848 ; and edited a Dem ocratic newspaper, in Oakland County, from 1851 to 1855. In 1852 and 1853 he held the office of Commissioner for his native county, performing the duties of Judge at Chambers ; in 1854 was ap pointed, by President Pierce, Register of the United States Land Office at Red Wing, in Minnesota; and in 1857 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress, from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Mileage. In 18GO he assumed the editorship of the " Red Wing Sentinel." Phillips, Henry M.H.Q was born in Pennsylvania, elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, and was a member of the Commit tee on Finance. Phillips, John. He was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1821 to 1823. Phillips, Philip. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, December 13, 1807, and was educated at the Norwich Military Academy, in Vermont, and at Middletown, Connecticut. In 1825 he commenced the study of law in Charleston, and on the clay after attaining his major ity was admitted to the bar. He entered public life by becoming a member of the "Nullification Convention" in 1832, and voted with the minority ; in 1834 he was elected, for two years, to the State Legis lature ; in 1835 he resigned ; removed to Mobile, Alabama, and practised his pro fession with success ; in 1837 was elected President of the Alabama "Democratic State Convention ; " in 1844 was elected to the Legislature, and was Chairman of the Committee on Federal Relations ; in 1849 was President of an " Internal Improve ment Convention;" in 1851 was again elected to the Legislature; in 1852 went to the " Baltimore Convention ; " and was a Representative in Congress, from Ala bama, from 1853 to 1855, and declined a re-election. Since that time he has practised his profession in Washington City. Phillips, Stephen Clarendon. He was born in Salem, Massachusetts, November 1, 1801 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1819, with high honors; began to study law, but soon became a merchant. From 1824 to 1829, by annual re-elections, he was chosen a Representative to the State Legislature from Salem ; from 1830 to 1831 he was State Senator, and in 1832 and 1833 was again a member of the House. From 1834 to 1838 he worthily represented Massachusetts in Congress. From De cember, 1838, to March, 1842, he was Mayor of Salem, and upon his voluntary retire ment devoted the whole of his salary as Mayor to the public schools of the city. In 1840 he was one of the Presidential Electors for Massachusetts, and in 1848 and 1849 was the Free-soil candidate for Governor. He held various State and private trusts, in the discharge of which, by his ability, sagacity, experience, and integrity, he rendered signal service. He was for many years member of the State Board of Education, and a Trustee of the State Lunatic Hospital at Worcester. He retired from public life in 1849, and was extensively engaged in the lumbering business. He was lost by the burning of the steamer Montreal, on the St. Lawrence River, June 26, 1857, while returning from Quebec, whither he had been on business to Three Rivers, the head-quarters of his operations in Canada. Philson, Robert. He was born in Donegal, Ireland, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1819 to 1821. Phoenix, J, PJiillips.lle was born 304 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. in Morristown, New Jersey ; was for many years a leading merchant in New York City ; served several years iu the Councils of the city; was a Representative iu Con gress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845 ; a member of the State Assembly in 1848, from New York City; and again in Con gress, from 1849 to 1851, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Commerce. In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. Died suddenly in New York, May 4, 1859, at an advanced age. PicJcens, Andrew. Re was born at Paxtou, Pennsylvania, September 10, 1739, and removed with his father, iu 1752, to the Waxsaw Settlement, in South Caro lina; he served as a volunteer in Grant's expedition against theCherokecs, and was an active military partisan during the Rev olution. He was a member of the State Legislature from the close of the war until 1793, when lie was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1793 to 1795. In 1795 he was commissioned Major-Gen- eral of the South Carolina Militia, and was frequently a Commissioner to treat with the Indians. It was his son, and not himself, who was Governor of the State, from 1816 to 1817. He died iu Pendletou District, South Carolina, August 17, 1817. PicJcens, Francis W. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1845. In 1858 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minister to Rus sia; and, in December, 1860, was elected Governor of South Carolina; and on the breaking out of the Rebellion, he took an active part therein in various capacities. PicJcens, Israel. Born in Cabarus County, North Carolina; served one year in the State Legislature; was a Repre sentative, from that State, in Congress, from 1811 to 1817, in which year he was appointed Register of the Land Office of Mississippi Territory; on removing to Alabama, he was elected Governor of that State, in 1821, and in 1826 was a Senator in Congress, from Alabama. Pickering, Timothy. Was born in Salem, Massachusetts, July 17, 1745 ; grad uated at Harvard College iu 1763, and, after the usual course of professional studies, was admitted to the practice of law. When the dissensions between the mother coun try and our own commenced, he soon be came the champion and leader of the Whigs of the quarter where he lived. He was a member of the Committees of Inspection and Correspondence, and bore the entire burden of writing. The address which, in 1774, the inhabitants of Salem, in full town meeting, voted to Governor Gage, on the occasion of the Boston Port Bill. proceeded from his pen. A part of it, dis claiming any wish on the part of the in habitants of Salem to profit by the closing of the port of Boston, is quoted by Dr. Ramsay, iu his history of the American Revolution. In April, 1775, on receiving intelligence of the battle of Lxington, he marched with the regiment of which he was at the time commander, to Charles- town, but had not an opportunity of com ing to action. Before the close of the same year, when the provisional government was organizing, he was appointed one of the Judges of the Court of Common Pleas for Essex, his native county; and sole Judge of the Maritime Court for the Mid dle District, comprehending Boston, Sa lem, and the other ports in Essex. These offices he held until he accepted an appoint ment in the army. In 1777 he was named Adjutant-General, by Washington, and joined the army, then at Micldlebrook, New Jersey. He continued with the Com- mander-in-Chief until the American forces went into winter-quarters at Valley Forge, having been present at the battles of Bran- dywiue and Germantown. He then pro ceeded to discharge the duties of a mem ber of the Continental Board of War, to which he had been elected by Congress. In this station he remained until he was appointed to succeed General Greene in the office of Quartermaster-General, which he retained during the residue of the war, and in which he contributed much to the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. From 1790 to 1794 he was charged, by President Washington, with several nego tiations with the Indian nations on our frontiers. In 1791 he was also made Post master-General ; and in 1794 removed from that station to the Secretaryship of War, on the resignation of General Knox. In 1795 he was appointed Secretary of State in the place of Edmund Randolph. Prom that office he was removed, by Pres ident Adams, in 1800. At the end of the year 1801 he returned to Massachusetts. In 1803 the Legislature of that State chose him a Senator to Congress, for the resi due of the term of Dvvifght Foster, who had resigned ; and in 1805 re-elected him to the same station for the term of six years. After its expiration, in 1811, he was chosen, by the Legislature, a member of the Executive Council, and during the war of 1812 he was appointed a member of the Board of War for t.V.o defence of the State. In 181-i he was returned to Congress, and held his seat until March, 1817. He then finally retired to private life. His death took place January 29, 1829. In public life he was distinguished for energy, ability, and disinterestedness; as a soldier he was brave and patriotic; and his writings bear ample testimony to his talents and information. He was one of the leaders of the Federal party of the United States. In 1867 his life was pub lished bv his son Octavius. BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 305 Pickman, Benjamin. He was born in 17G3; graduated at Cambridge in 1784; visited Europe, and on his return studied law, and, though admitted to the bar, abandoned that profession, devoting himself to mercantile pursuits. In 1800 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected a number of years to the State Senate ; in 1807 he became a mem ber of the Executive Council ; was a Representative in Congress from 1809 to 1811, and in 18:20 was a member of the Convention for revising the State Con stitution. He also held many other of- flces of trust and honor, and died at Salem, Massachusetts, in August, 1843. Pierce, FranJclin. Was born in the town of llillsborough, New Hampshire, in ISOi, and, after completing his academ ical studies, entered Bowdoin College, Maine. On leaving college he commenced his legal studies at Northampton, Massa chusetts, but subsequently returned to his native State, and finished his studies at Amherst. He was admitted to the bar, and commenced the practice of his pro fession in his native town; but before the end of two years he was elected a Repre sentative in the State Legislature, and during his second year's service was chosen Speaker of the House. In 1833 he was elected to Congress, and remained a member of the House of Representa tives four years. In 1837 he was elected a member of the United States Senate, but, after five years' service in that body, resigned his seat. He settled in Concord, and resumed his practice at the bar. He adhered to his resolution of accepting no political office, declining to be a candidate for Governor of the State, or United States Senator, and refusing the offices of Attorney-General and Secretary of War, which were tendered him by President Polk. On the breaking out of the Mexi can war, however, he enrolled himself as n private soldier in the New England Regiment, but President Polk sent him a Colonel's commission, and subsequently raised him to the rank of Brigadier-Gen eral, in March, 1847. He was in most of the battles which were fought between Vera Cruz and the City of Mexico. On the restoration of peace between the two countries, he resigned his commission and returned home, where he remained, comparatively unobserved, until the ac tion of the Baltimore "Democratic Conven tion "gave him a new importance through out the Union. He was nominated by that body as the Democratic candidate for the Presidency. He was elected Presi dent of the United States in November, 1852; was inaugurated March 4, 1853, and served to the end of his term, after which he retired to private life. The best bi ography of him was written by his personal friend, Nathaniel Hawthorne. 20 Pierce, Joseph. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, during the years 1801 and 1802. Pierce, William. He served in the Revolutionary war as an Aide-de-camp to General Greene, and for his services a sword was presented to him by the old Congress; he was a Delegate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, and a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution. While in Con gress, he wrote his impressions of the men who served in that body, which were long afterwards published in a Savannah paper, copies of which are to be found in the library of Peter Force, of Washing ton. Pier son, Isaac. He was born Au gust 15, 1770, and died September 22, 1833, in New Jersey. He was educated at Princeton College, graduating in 1789, and was subsequently a fellow of the College of Surgeons and Physicians of New York. He practised medicine for forty years; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1827 to 1831. Pierson, Jeremiah U". He was born in Essex County, New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823. Pierson, Job. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1835. Died April 9, 1860, aged sixty-nine years. Pike, Frederick A. Born in Calais, Maine, where he always resided ; was for several years a member of the Maine Legislature, serving one term as Speaker of the House of Representatives. He adopted the profession of law, and was for several years Attorney for the county in which he lived. He was elected a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty- seventh Congrejs, serving on the Com mittee on Naval Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures in the State Department, and a member of the Committee on Naval Af fairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on his old committees, and as Chairman of the Committee on Ex penses in the State Department. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois, and Chair man of the Special Committee on the Murders in South Carolina. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Reconstruction, as well as on his old committees. PiJce, James. He was born in Salis bury, Massachusetts, in November, 1818; 306 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. was educated at the "Weslcyan University, in Connecticut; was a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1841 to 1854 ; and was elected a Representative, from New Hampshire, in the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on En rolled Bills. Pile, William, A. He was born near Indianapolis, Indiana, February 11, 1829; received a good English and class ical education; was a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a mem ber of the Missouri Conference at the commencement of the Rebellion. In 1861 he joined this Missouri Volunteers as Chaplain. In 1862 he had command of a battery of Artillery as Captain; was soon afterwards promoted to the rank of Colonel of Infantry, and in 1863 he was appointed a Brigadier-General of United States Volunteers. He was in the Mis souri campaign under General Lyon; with Generals Grant and Halleck at Cor inth; also at Vicksburg and near Mobile, and his command was the first to break the enemy's line at the capture of Fort Blakely. In 1866 he was elected a Repre sentative from Missouri to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Union Prisoners and Military Affairs, and as Chairman of the Committee on Expen ditures in the Post Office Department. Pllsbury, Timothy. He was born in Newbury, Massachusetts, April 12, 1780; received a common-school educa tion ; spent two years as a clerk in a store, and several subsequent years as a sailor and coasting trader, making one trip to Europe as Captain of a brig; settled in Maine, was appointed a member of the Executive Council ; also served in the State Legislature ; went from Maine to Ohio, thence to Louisi ana, and finally to Texas ; he served a number of years in the Senate and House of Representatives of Texas ; and, when that Republic came into the Union, he was elected a Representative in Congress from 1846 to 1849. He died near Dan ville, Texas, November 23, 1858. PincJcney, Charles. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1758 ; was a patriot in the Revolutionary struggle ; was taken prisoner, and sent to St. Augustine, Florida; served in the Provin cial Legislature ; was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785 ; received the degree of LL.D. from Princeton College in 1787 ; and in 1787 was a Delegate to the Convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, and signed that instrument. He was President of the State Convention which ratified the Fed eral Constitution ; and Governor of South Carolina from 1789 to 1792, and from 1796 to 1798. He was a Senator in Con gress from 1798 to 1801, and was ap pointed, in 1802, Minister to Spain, by President Jefferson, holding that position till 1805. He was subsequently a Repre sentative in Congress from 1819 to 1821 ; served in the State Legislature in 1810 and 1812; and died October 29, 1824. Plnclcney, If. L. He was born in South Caroliqa, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. He was the founder of the " Charleston Mercury," and died in Charles ton, February 3, 18G3. Pinckney, Thomas. He was a soldier of the American Revolution ; was elected Governor of South Carolina in 1787; was appointed Minister to Great Britain by Washington ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1799 to 1801. He died in 1828. Plndall, James. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1820, when he resigned. Pinhney, William. Born in Annap olis, Maryland, March 17, 1764. Having prepared himself for the bar, under the instruction of Judge Chase, he was admit ted to practice in 1786, and immediately gave promise of high distinction. He was a member of the Convention which ratified the Federal Constitution, and from 1789 to 1792 was a Representative in Congress; and then a member of the Executive Coun cil, and made its President. In 1795 he was a member of the State Legislature. In 1796 he was a Commissioner under Jay's Treaty, in conjunction with Mr. Gore, and remained in London eight years. He recovered for Maryland a claim on the Bank of England for $800,000. In 1806 he was Envoy Extraordinary to England, and in 1808, on the return of Mr. Monroe, was made Minister Plenipotentiary. He returned to the United States, and settled in Baltimore in 1811, and was soon after a member of the State Senate. In Decem ber, 1811, he was appointed Attorney- General, and remained in that position until 1814. He commanded a battalion of riflemen, and was wounded atBladensburg, in August, 1814. He was a Representa tive in Congress from 1815 to 1816, and then made Minister to Russia and Envoy to Naples. On his return, in 1819, he was elected a member of the United States Senate, and continued in that station until his death, February 25, 1822. He pos sessed splendid talents, and was one of the most accomplished orators and statesmen of his time. Piper, William. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1811 to 1819. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 307 Pitcher, Nathaniel. lie was born at Litchtleld, Connecticut ; and was a mem ber of the New York Legislature iu 1806, 1815, 1816, and 1817; a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1821 ; in 1828 he was Lieutenant-Governor and Acting-Governor of the State; subse quently Commissioner to survey the State roads ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1823, and again from 1831 tc 1833. Pitkin, Timothy. Born in Farm- ington, Connecticut, in 17G5,aud graduated at Yale College in 1785. He was for sev eral years a member of the State Legisla ture, and Speaker of the House during five sessions; and a Representative in Congress, from 1805 to 1819. In 1816 he published a " Statistical View of the Com merce of the United States," and in 1828 his "Political and Civil History of the United States from 1763 to the close of Washington's Administration." He died in New Haven, December 18, 1847. Pitman, Charles W. He was born in New Jersey ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1849 to 1851. Plant, David. Was a native of Strat ford, Connecticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1804. In 1819 and 1820 he was Speaker of the House of Representatives ; in 1821 a member of the State Senate, and was twice re-elected. From 1823 to 1827 he was Licutenant-Governor of the State, and from 1827 to 1829 a Representative in Congress. He died October 18, 1851. Plants, Tobias A. He was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, March 17, 1811; was self-educated; taught school for several years ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1841 ; practised the profession in Ohio; was a member of the Ohio Legis lature from 1858 to 1861 ; and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Public Expenditures, on Mileage, and War Debts of the Loyal States. He was a Delegate to the Phila delphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on old committees. Plater, George. He was a Delegate from Maryland, to the Continental Con gress, from 1778 to 1781 ; and was Gover nor of Maryland for a part of the year 1792. Plater, Thomas. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1805. Platt, Jonas. Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1799 to 1801 ; and died in Peru, Clinton County, New York, in 1834. Platt, Zephaniah. He was a Dele gate, from New York, to the Continental Congress from 1784 to 1786. Pleasants, James. Born in Vir ginia, in 1769, and died in Goochland County, November 9, 1836. He was a Rep resentative in Congress from 1811 to 1819 ; United States Senator from 1819 to 1822; Governor of Virginia from 1822 to 1825; and a member of the Convention of 1829- '30 for amending the State Constitution. He was twice appointed to the bench, but declined, from a distrust of his own quali fications. He was a man of rare modesty, greatly respected and esteemed for public and private virtues. Plumer, Arnold. He was born in Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was subsequently appointed United States Marshal for the Western District of Pennsylvania. Plumer, George. He was born in Alleghany County, Pennsylvania ; and was a Representative in Congress from Penn sylvania, from 1821 to 1827. Plumer, William. lie was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts, June 25, 1759; received a good education ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1787; was for many years Solicitor for the Coun ty of Rockingham; he was for eight years a member of the State Legislature, and two years Speaker of the House ; served as a member and President of the State Senate. He was also Governor of New Hampshire in 1813, and from 1816 to 1819; and was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1802 to 1807. He died at Ep- ping, New Hampshire, December 22, 1850. Plumer, Willlatn. Born in Epping, New Hampshire, in 1790, and died Sep tember 18, 1854. He graduated at Cam bridge in 1809 ; studied law, but never practised his profession. He frequently served in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1819 to 1825 ; his father, whose name he bore, having been a United States Senator in 1802, from the same State. He was also a member of the Con vention to form a new State Constitution, in 1850; and a Presidential Elector in 1821. Plummer, Franklin E. He was at one time a Judge of the Circuit Court of Mississippi; and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833, and again from 1833 to 1835. He died at Jackson, Mississippi, September 24, 1852. Poindexter, George. He was the 308 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. second Governor of Mississippi, under the State Constitution, from 1819 to 1821; was a Delegate to Congress, from the Ter ritory, from 1807 to 1813, when he Avas appointed Federal Judge of the Territory ; lie was n Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and United States Senator, from Mississippi, from 1S3D to 1835, serv ing for a time as President pro tnn. of the Senate. He died in Jackson, Mississippi, Septembers, 1853. Polnsett, Joel JR. He was born in Statesburg, South Carolina, in 1779 ; spent the most of his youth in travelling in foreign countries; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1821 to 1825 ; was appointed, by President John Qnincy Adams, United States Minis ter to Mexico; he was Secretary of War under President Van Buren ; and from 1840 until his death he lived in retirement. He was a man of letters, and among other things wrote an interesting book on Mex ico. He died in Statesburg, South Caro lina, December 14, 1851. Poland, Luke P. lie was born in Wcstford, Chittenden County, Vermont, November 1, 1815 ; received a good com mon-school and academic education ; com menced the study of law when eighteen years of age, and was admitted to the bar in 1836; Was Register of Probate for Lamoille County iiil839 and 1840; was a member of the " State Constitutional Con vention "in 1843 ; Prosecuting Attorney for Lamoille County in 1844 and 1845 ; and in 1848 he was elected by the Legislature one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Vermont, which he continued to hold by annual elections until November, 1865, when he was appointed to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate caused by the death of Jacob Collamer, whose term would have expired in 1867. Just before his appointment to the Senate he had been re-elected to the Supreme Bench, upon which he held the position of Chief Justice, to which he was promoted in 1860. The Committees upon which he served in the Senate were those on the Judiciary, and Patents and the Patent Office. His ap pointment to the Senate was confirmed by the Legislature. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866; and was subsequently elected a Representative, from Vermont, to the For tieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections as a Regent of the Smithso nian Institution, and (is Chairman of the Committees on Revision of the Laws of the United States,and UuflnishedBusiness. Polk, Jatnes Knox. Born in Meck lenburg County, North Carolina, Novem ber 2, 1795; removed with his father, in 1806, to Tennessee, and lived in the val ley of Duck River, a branch of the Cum berland. He graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1815; studied law in Tennessee with Felix Grundy, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; he was a member of the House of Representatives in Congress from 1825 to 1839, and Speaker in that body from 1835 to 1837 ; and was elected Governor of Tennessee, in 1839, for two years. In December, 1844, the Electors chose him President of the Uni ted States; and during his eventful admin istration the Oregon question was settled, Texas annexed, war with Mexico declared, and New Mexico and California were ac quired. He died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. Polk, Tfusten. He was born in Sussex County, Delaware, May 29, 1811; graduated at Yale College in 1831 ; studied law at the Yale Law School ; and in 1835 he emigrated to Missouri, where he com menced the practice of his profession. In 1845, while absent from Missouri for the benefit of his health, he was elected a member of the Convention called to re model the State Constitution; in 1848 he was a Presidential Elector; in 1856 he was elected Governor of Missouri, and inaugurated January, 1857, but soon re signed for a seat in the United States Sen ate, to which he was elected for the term of six years from March 4, 1857. He was a member of tlie Committees on Foreign Affairs, and on Claims. Expelled for dis loyalty January 10, 1862. Polk, William, JOT. He was born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 24, 1815 ; educated at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and the University of Tennessee ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; in 1841 and 1843 he was elected to the State Legislature; was appointed, by President Tyler, Charge d'Affaires to Naples, where he negotiated a treaty with the Two Sicilies; served as a Major of Dragoons in the Mexican war; was a Delegate to the " Nashville Convention" in 1850; and a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1851 to 1853. He was a brother of President Polk, and op posed to the great Rebellion. Died at Nashville, December 16, 1862. Pollock, James. He was born in Pennsylvania; graduated at Princeton College in 1831 ; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1843 to 1849 ; and Governor of the same from 1855 to 1858. Was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Polsley, Daniel. Re was born near Fairmouut, Marion County, Virginia, No vember 28, 1803 ; received a limited edu cation and spent his boyhood on a farm; studied law with Philip Doddridge and Henry St. George Tucker, and came to the bar in 1827 ; practised the profession BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 309 until 1845, when he retired to a farm and devoted himself to agriculture until 1861 ; was a member of the May and June Con ventions of that year, held in Wheeling, for reorganizing the government of Vir ginia, and was elected Lieutenant-Govern or of the State, which he held until West Virginia was admitted into the Union. He was subsequently elected Judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit for six years, and in 18GG he was elected a Representative from West Virginia to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Rev olutionary Pensions, and Invalid Pensions. Pomeroy, Samuel C. Was born in Southampton, Massachusetts, January 3, 181G; and spent his boyhood on his father's farm. After an academic educa tion, he entered Amherst College in 1836; spent four years in New York; returned to his native town, and held various local offices ; and was elected to the Legislature of Massachusetts, in 1852. In 1854 he was engaged in organizing the New Eng land Emigrant Aid Society, and became its financial agent; removed to Kansas in the same year, and participated in its affairs; was a member of the Territorial Defence Committee ; a Delegate to the Pittsburg and Philadelphia Conventions of 1856, and also to that of Chicago in 1860. During the famine in Kansas he was Chairman of the Relief Committee ; and in 1861 he took his seat in the United States Senate, from Kansas, for six years, serving on the Committees on Pensions, Claims, Territories, Manufactures, and as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. In January, 1867, he was re- elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873. Pomeroi/, Theodore M. Born in Cayuga, New York, December 31, 1824; graduated at Hamilton College ; adopted the profession of law ; was District Attor ney for Cayuga County from 1850 to 1856 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1857 ; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Post Office Department, and as a member of the Committee ou Foreign Affairs. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and Unfinished Business. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Banking and Currency. Pond, Benjamin. He served four years in the Assembly of New York, from lissex County, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1813. He was re-elected, but died in June, 1815, at his residence in Schroon, Essex County, New York. Pope, tToJin. He was born in Prince William County, Virginia, in 1770. Hav ing lost one arm by accident, he deter mined to study law, and attained eminence at the bar ; he removed to Kentucky, and served a number of years in the Legisla ture; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1813',' officiating for a time as President pro tern, of that body ; . and a Representative in Congress from 1837 to 1843. In 1829 he was appointed Governor of the Territory of Arkansas, and died in Kentucky, July 12, 1845. Pope, Nathaniel. lie was a Dele gate to Congress, from the Territory of Illinois, from 1816 to 1818, in which year he was appointed Register of the Land Office in Edvvardsville, Illinois, and was appointed in 1819 Federal Judge of the Illinois District. Pope, Patrick If. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1833 to 1835, and died at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 1841. Porter, Albert G. Born in Law- renceburg, Indiana, April 20, 1824 ; grad uated at the Asbury University in 1843 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845, settling at Indianapolis ; in 1853 he was appointed Reporter of the Decis ions of the Supreme Court of Indiana, publishing five volumes ; served two term.* as City Attorney of Indianapolis; was twice elected a member of the City Coun cil ; and in 1858 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Indiana, to theThirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Com mittee. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, and on Manufactures. Porter, Alexander. Horn in Ire land, in 1786 ; and his father having fallen a victim there during the disturbances of 1798, he emigrated to America, and settled at Nashville, Tennessee, as a clergyman. He engaged in commerce, but afterwards studied law and removed to Louisiana about the year 1809, where he soon ac quired distinction. He assisted in form ing the Constitution of the State, and be came a Judge of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, serving fifteen years ; and was a Senator in Congress from 1833 to 1837. He died at Attakapas, Louisiana, January 13, 1844. He was re-elected to the Sen ate, but died before taking his seat. Porter, Augustus S. Born in Can- andaigua. New York, January 18, 1798; graduated at Union College in 1818; studied law as a profession, and practised 310 BIOGEAPHICAL RECOBDS. for twenty years in Detroit, Michigan, of which city he was chosen Mayor in 1838. He was a Senator in Congress, from Michigan, from 1840 to 1845 ; and in 1848 he removed to Niagara Falls, the residence of his father, where he has since lived in retirement. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Porter, Gilchrlst. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Missouri, from 1851 to 1857. Porter, James. He was born in Williamstown, Massachusetts, and was the son of an eminent physician ; gradu ated at Williams College and removed to Skaneateles, New York, where he studied law and commenced the practice of his profession ; he was a member of the State Assembly in 1814 and 1815 ; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819. After leaving Congress he was appointed Register of the Court of Chancery which office he held until his death, which occurred in Albany. He was a man of culture and high character, and among his most intimate friends were such men as Henry Clay and Martin Van Buren. Porter, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 180G to 1811, having first been elect ed to fill the unexpired term of Michael Lieb, resigned. Porter, Peter B. He was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, in 1773 ; and grad uated at Yale College in 1791. He com pleted his law studies at Litchfleld, and emigrated to "Western New York. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1813, and from 1815 to -1816, when he resigned. As Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, he reported the resolutions au thorizing immediate and active prepara tions for war; and in 1816 was appointed Commissioner under the Treaty of Ghent. In 1813 he was made Major-General and chief in command of the State troops, and in 1815 he received from President Madison the appointment of Commander- in-Chief of the United States Army, which he declined. Soon after the war he was chosen Secretary of the State of New York. In 1828 he was appointed Secretary of War by President Adams. He died at Niagara Falls, March 20, 1844, universally respected. He distinguished himself at Chippeway and at Lundy's Lane, and for his services received a gold medal from Congress and a sword from the State of New York. He was the father of Augus tus S. Porter. Porter, Timothy JI. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut ; served five years in the Assembly of New York, and also five years in the State Senate ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. Posey, Thomas. He was a Senator in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1812 to 1813, by appointment of the Governor, but was superseded by J. Brown by the Leg islature, and he was Governor of the Ter ritory of Indiana from 1813 to 1816. He died March 19, 1818. Post, Jr., i7o7mm. Born in New York; a graduate of Columbia College; and a member of the New York Assembly for four years, from the City of New York, and a Representative in Congress, from 1813 to 1815, from his native State. Poston, Charles D. He was born in Hardin County, Kentucky, April 20, 1825 ; removed to California in 1850; was employed in the Custom-house at San Francisco for four years ; and in 1854 he went to Arizona as the pioneer of silver mining enterprises in that Territory. Up on the organization of a Territorial gov ernment for Arizona, he was appointed Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Territory; and at the first election held he was elected a Delegate from Arizona to the Thirty-eighth Congress, taking his seat at the second session. Potter, Elisha JS. Born in Little Rest, now Kingston, Rhode Island, in 1764 ; iu 1796 he was elected a Represent ative in Congress from Rhode Island for the unexpired term of B. Bourne, re signed ; re-elected to the Fifth Congress, in place of Bourne, who declined, but re signed himself in 1797; and he was again a Representative from 1809 to 1815, serv ing on important committees. He was elected to the Stale Legislature in 1793, and by semi-annual elections under the old charter system continued to serve until his death, excepting when in Congress. He was a man of superior talents, and for forty years filled a large space in the political affairs of Rhode Island. Died in Kingston, Rhode Island, September 26, 1835. Potter, Jr., Elisha JR. Son of the preceding, and was born in Kingston, Rhode Island, in 1811 ; graduated at Har vard University in 1830; was for several years a member of the State Legislature; was Adjutant-General of the State in 1835 and 1836; was a Representative in Con gress from 1843 to 1845 ; and Commis sioner of Public Schools from May, 1849, to October, 1854, when he resigned, after which he devoted himself to the practice of law. Potter, Emery JD. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con- BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 311 gress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1849 to 1851. Potter, >To7in F.~ Born in Augusta, Maine, May 11, 1817 ; educated at Paillips's Academy, New Hampshire; is a lawyer by profession; was a member of the Leg islature of Wisconsin in 1856; and a Judge of Wai worth County from 1842 to 1846, and elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Elected also to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and made Chairman of a Special Committee on Government Employes, and also of that on Public Lands. He was a Delegate also to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. He was appointed Governor of Nevada Territory by President Lincoln, but declined, and was subsequently ap pointed Consul-Geueral of British North America. Potter, Robert. Born in Granville County, North Carolina. He entered the navy as a midshipman, but resigned this position, and studied law. He entered the State Legislature in 1826, and was in Congress from 1829 to 1831. He was a second time in the Legislature, but owing to an outrage that he committed upon the persons of two men, of whom lie was jealous, he lost all political influence, and, removing to Texas, was killed in a pri vate brawl. Potter, Samuel J. Born in Rhode Island, and was at one time Deputy Gov ernor ; he was a Senator in Congress from Rhode Island during the years 1803 and 1804, having died October 29 of the latter year, aged fifty-four years. In 1793 and 1797 he'was a Presidential Elector. Potter, William 7F. He was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1837 to 1839, and died at Bellefonte, in that State, October 28, 1839. Pottle, Emory B. He was born in Naples, New York; is a lawyer by pro fession ; was once in the Legislature of New York ; and was elected a Represent ative in the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, serving on the Committee on Expenditures in the Navy Department. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Potts, Jr., David. lie was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1793, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1839. Died la 1863. Potts, Richard. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1781 and 1782 ; Governor of Maryland during the years 1781 and 1782; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1792 to 1796, when he resigned. He received from Princeton College, in 1805, the de gree of LL.D. Poivel, Samuel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1817. Powell, Alfred H. He was born in Loudon County, Virginia; graduated at Princeton College; studied law in Alex andria, Virginia; settled in Winchester, Virginia, iu 1800; served in the State Legislature, and one or two State Con ventions; and was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1825 to 1827. He died at Winchester, while argu ing a case in court, in 1831, aged fifty years. Poi'^ell, Cuthbert. He was at one time Mayor of Alexandria, in Virginia, and, on his removal to Loudon County, was elected to the Legislature ; was sub sequently a Representative in Congress from 1841 to 1843. He died at Laugollen, Virginia, May 8, 1849. Powell, Lazarus IF. Born in Hen derson County, Kentucky, October 6, 1812; graduated at St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, in 1833; studied law at the Transylvania University, and came to the bar in 1835, following his profession and carrying on a farm at the same time ; in 1836 he was elected to the Kentucky Leg islature; was a Presidential Elector iu 1844; was Governor of Kentucky from 1851 to 1855; and he was chosen a Sena tor in Congress for the long term com mencing in 1S59, serving on the Commit tees on the Judiciary, Pensions, and Printing. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven tion" of 1866; and died at his home in Kentucky, July 5, 1867. Powell, Levin. He was born in Loudon County, Virginia; and was a Rep resentative iu Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801. Potvell, Paulus. He was born in Virginia, and, having been elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, in 1849, continued in that capacity to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expend itures in the Navy Department, and that on Post Offices and Post Roads. Powers, Gershom.lle was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1829 to 1831. Poydras, Julian* He was a Dele- 312 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. gate in Congress, from the Territory of Louisiana, from 180i) to 1812. Pratt, James T. He was born in Middletown, Connecticut, in 1805; was bred a fanner, which occupation he fol lowed ; served in the Connecticut Legis lature ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Pratt, Thomas G. He was born in Washington City in 1805; was educated at an Academj' in Georgetown ; was bred a lawyer; frequently served in the Mary land Senate ; was a Presidential Elector in 1837; was Governor of Maryland from 1844 to 1848; and was a Senator in Con gress, from that State, from 1850 to 1857. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864; and to the Phila delphia " National Union Convention" of 1866. Pratt, ZadocJc. Was born at Stcphentown, Rcnsselaer County, New York, October 30, 1790. He commenced his early life without means, but by his industry gained d large fortune. Devot ing his attention to tanning, among the Catskill mountains, he attained eminent success in that branch of the mechanic arts, and his name will ever be associated with Prattsville, and that vast tannery, where, previous to the close of it, in 1846, he had tanned more than a million sides of leather. In 1823 he was elected a Colo nel of Militia; in 1830 to the State Sen ate; in 1836 a Presidential Elector. He was elected to Congress in 1836 and 1842, and labored successfully for the public good. His career in Congress will be re membered for his efforts in behalf of the reduction of postage, his plans for the new Post Office buildings, and the Bureau of Statistics, which owes its origin to him. In 1852 he was again a Presidential Elector. He established a newspaper and a bank at Prattsville ; was a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention "of 1852, and to various other Democratic Conventions, and the President of many societies and institutions. Prentiss, John JET. He was born in Worcester. Massachusetts, April 17, 1784; was bred a printer; settled in Coopers- town, New York, and in 1808 established the "Freeman's Journal "in that town, which he edited with ability and success, until 1849. He was a Representative, from New York, to the Twenty-fifth and Twen ty-sixth Congresses; and died in Coop- erstovvu, June 26, 1864. Prentiss, Samuel. He was born in Stouingtou, Connecticut, March 31, 1782; removed with his father to Worcester, Massachusetts, and subsequently to Northfleld, where he commenced the study of law. He completed his profes sional studies in Brattleboro', Vermont, and commenced practice at Montpelier in 1803, where he soon attained success, and became one of the foremost men of the bar. In 1824 and 1825 he represented Montpelier in the State Legislature. In 1829 he was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, having sev eral years before declined the office of Associate Justice of that Court. He was a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, from 1831 to 1842. While Senator he did much to effect the passage of the law against duelling in the District of Colum bia. In 1842 he was appointed Judge of the Federal District Court in Vermont, which office he held at the time of his death. He received the degree of LL.D. from the University of Vermont, lie died in Montpelier, Vermont, January 15. 1857. He left ten sous, all of whom, excepting one, were members of his own profes sion. Prentiss, Sergeant S. Born in Portland, Maine. September 30, 1808, and died at Longwood, near Natchez, Missis sippi, July 1, 1850. He graduated at Bovvdoin College in 1826, when, after studying law at Gorhani, he removed to Mississippi, and passed two years as tu tor in a private family. He studied law at Natchez, and, on removing to Vicks- burg, became from the start the leader of the bar in his adopted State, acquiring by his profession a large property. lie en tered into politics, was elected to the State Legislature in 1835, and In 1837 was chosen a Representative in Congress for the years 1838 and 1839. From that pe riod until the close of his life he was de voted wholly to his profession, appearing frequently in court at New Orleans; and, as a Jury orator, he was acknowledged as having no equal in the South-western States. Preston, Francis. He was a mem ber of Congress, from Virginia, from 1793 to 1797, and died at Columbia, South Car olina, May 26, 1835, whither he had gone upon a visit to his son, the distinguished William C. Preston. He was in the seventieth year of his age. Preston, Jacob A. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Preston, William. lie was born near Louisville, Kentucky, October 16, 1816; was liberally educated at St. Jo seph's College, Kentucky, in New Haven, and at Harvard University ; he settled, in the practice of law, at Louisville, and re mained there until the Mexican war, when he went to Mexico as Lieutenant- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 313 Colonel of the Kentucky Volunteers ; he served in the Convention called to frame anew the Constitution of Kentucky; in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature; lie was a Presidential Elector in 1852, voting for Scott; was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-second Congress, for the unex- pircd term of Humphrey Marshall, re signed ; and was elected to the Thirty- third Congress; was a member of the " Cincinnati Convention " which nominat ed Mr. Buchanan in 1856 ; and in 1858 was appointed, by President Buchanan, Min ister to Spain. On his return, in 1861, he took part in the Rebellion, and was a Brigadier-General. Preston, William B. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849 ; and Secretary of the Navy, under President Taylor, in 1849 and 1850. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Confederate Congress. He died in Montgomery County, Virginia, November 16, 1862. Preston, William C. Was born December 27, 171)4, in Philadelphia, while his father was attending Congress, at that place, as a member from Virginia. His maternal grandmother was the sister of Patrick Henry. He was educated at the University of South Carolina. In 1812 he graduated, and returned to Virginia, where he studied law in the office of William Wirt, at Richmond. In 1816 he went to Europe, and, after visiting France, England, and Switzerland, resided for some time in Edinburgh, where he at tended the lectures of Hope, Playfair, and Brown. In 1819 he returned to the United States, and, being admitted to the bar in 1821, commenced the practice of law in Virginia. In 1822 he removed to Colum bia, in South Carolina, where he con tinued the practice of his profession with great distinction and success. In 1832 he was elected to the Senate of the United States, from South Carolina, where he assumed a high position as a debater. In 1842 he resigned his place in the Senate, and returned to the practice of his pro fession in South Carolina. In 1855 he became President of the University of South Carolina, which office he filled with great credit until he was forced to resign, in consequence of ill health, after which time he lived in retirement. Died at Co lumbia, South Carolina, May 22, 1860. Price, Hiram. He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, Jan uary 10, 1814; is President of the State Bank of Iowa ; and in 1862 he was elected Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims, lie-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Pacific Railroad, and as a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pen sions. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on his old committees. Price, Rodman M. Born in Sus sex County, New Jersey, November 5, 1816. He attended Princeton College until his health compelled him to retire, and he devoted some attention to the study of law; was appointed Purser in the Navy in 1840; is said to have been the first person to exercise judicial functions under the American flag on the Pacific Coast , as Alcalde ; in 1848 was made Navy Agent for the Pacific Coast; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1851 to 1853; and subsequent ly elected Governor of New Jersey. He caused the establishment, in that State, of a Normal School, and iias done much to improve the Militia of the State. He was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Price, Sterling. He was born in Virginia; was a Representative in Con- gress, from Missouri, from 1845 to 1847; and Governor of that State from 1853 to 1857. Was identified with the great Re bellion of 1861 as a Major-Geueral. Price, TJiomas L. He was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was also a Delegate to the "Chicago Convention " of 1864 ; and to the Philadelphia " Nation al Union Convention" of 1866. Prince, Oliver IT. He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Georgia, during the years 1828 and 1829, and died at sea, October 9, 1837. Prince, William. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1823 to 1824, having died in Prince ton, Indiana, before the expiration of his term, September 8, 1824. Pringle, Benjamin. Born in Rich field, Otsego County, New York, Novem ber 9, 1807 ; received a good English and classical education; studied law, and practised for several years, but relin quished the profession on being made President and financial officer of the Bank of Genesee, atBatavia. He held the office of Judge of the County Courts of Genesee for five years, and served one year in the State Assembly; and he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth Con gresses, lie was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the Court of Arbitra tion at Cape Town, under the Treaty with Great Britain of 18*62. Profit, George if. He was a Rep- 314 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOKDS. resentative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1839 to 1843 ; and in 1843 was United States Minister to Brazil. He died at Louisville, Kentucky, September 5, 1847. ii, John V. L. He was born in Albany, New York; was chiefly edu cated at private schools, and received the degree of LL.D. from Kutgers College New Jersey; studied law, and came to the bar in Albany in 1832 ; in 1835 he was Counsel and Director of the Mohawk and Hudson Railroad, and subsequently be came Treasurer of the New York Central Railroad Company ; he was also a Master in Chancery during the Governorship of W. L. Marcy; in 1844 was made a mem ber of the Board of Regents ; and in 1862 Chancellor of the University of New York, and was a State Senator in 1862. At a special election in 1863 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, to fill the vacan cy caused by the resignation of Erastus Corning, serving on the Committee on Claims. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, and was placed on the Library-Com mittee, and that on the Pacific Railroad. Pryor, Roger A. Born in Dinwid- die County, Virginia, July 19, 1828 ; grad uated at Hampton Sidney College in 1845 ; adopted the profession of law, but relin quished the practice on account of his health ; in 1851 became an editor in Pe tersburg; in 1852 connected himself with the " Washington Union " as a writer; in 1853 he joined the " Richmond Enquirer; " in 1855 he was appointed, by President Pierce, a Special Commissioner to Greece, to adjust certain difficulties with> that country ; on his return he established a political journal called " The South," which stopped in eighteen months ; was connected for four months with the " Washington States ; " and was elected a Representative, from Virginia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He took part in the Rebellion as a member of the Confederate Con gress, and also as a Brigadier-General; and in November, 1864, he was captured by Union troops, and imprisoned in Fort Lafayette, but soon afterwards released. He subsequently settled in Tennessee as an editor. Pugh, George Ellis. Born in Cin cinnati, Ohio, November 28, 1822 ; grad uated at Miami University in 1840, and is a lawyer by profession. He was Captain in the Fourth Regiment of Ohio Volun teers, in the Mexican war, in 1847; Rep resentative in the Legislature in 1848 and 1849; was appointed Solicitor to the City of Cincinnati, in 1850; was Attorney- General of the State in 1851 ; and elected a Senator in Congress, from March 4, 1855, for six years, and was a member of the Committee on Public Lands, and on the Judiciary. Pugh, James L. Born in Burke County, Georgia, in 1820; received an academical education; adopted the pro fession of law, and, removing to Alaba ma, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Library. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1856. Withdrew in February, 1861, to take part in the Rebellion of that year. Pugh, John. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1805 to 1809. Purdy, Smith M. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Purviance, Samuel A. Born in Butler, Pennsylvania, November 8, 1809. He was a student of Washington College, but did not graduate ; is a lawyer by pro fession, and has practised for twenty-flve years ; was a member of the Convention to amend the State Constitution, in 1836, and served in the Legislature in 1838 and 1839 ; was a member of the Electoral Col lege in 1848 ; and a Representative, from Pennsylvania, in the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Pub lic Buildings and Grounds. He was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Purviance, Samuel D. A member of Congress, from North Carolina, from 1803 to 1805. Puryear, Richard C. He was born in Mecklenburg, Virginia, February 9, 1801 ; received a good English education ; has spent the most of his life engaged in merchandising and farming. In 1838 having removed to North Carolina, he was elected to the Legislature of that State; in 1840 to the State Senate; in. 1844, 1846, and 1852, he was again chosen to the Legislature ; and was a Represent ative, in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1853 to 1857. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Confederate Congress. He was a Del egate to the Philadelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Putnam, Harvey. For many years a leading member of the Genesee County bar; was elected several times to both branches of the New York Legislature; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. He died in Attica, New York, September 21, 1855, aged sixty-two years. Quarles, James M. Born in Louisa BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 315 County, Virginia, February 8, 1823; re moved, with his father, to Kentucky, in 1833; received a common-school educa tion; adopted the profession of law; on removing to Tennessee, in 1846, he be came Attorney-General of the Tenth Dis trict; was a Presidential Elector iu 1852; and was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Militia. Quarles, Tunstall. He was born in 'Virginia; was aRepiesentativeiu Con- gress/from Kentucky, from 1817 to 1820, and was subsequently Receiver of Public Moneys at Cape Girardeau, Missouri. Quincy, Josiah. Born in Boston. Massachusetts, February 4, 1772. He graduated at Harvard in 1790, and entered on the practice of law in Boston. In 1804 he was chosen a Representative from Bos ton in the Congress of the United States, and held that station eight successive years, until he declined a re-election in 1813. He was chosen State Senator, for Suffolk, from 1814 to 1821; Representa tive from Boston, and was Speaker of the House in 1820 ; was a member of the Con vention of 1820 to revise the State Consti tution ; Judge of the Municipal Court in Boston in 1821 and 1822; and Mayor of Boston in 1823. He held the office of Mayor six successive years, until he der clined a re-election, in December, 1828. In 1829 he was chosen President of Har vard University, and held that office until his resignation in 1845, and he received from that institution the degree of LL.D. in 1824. His published works are " Speeches in Congress, and Orations on Various Occasions," "Memoir of Josiah Quincy, Jr., of Massachusetts," " Centen nial Address on the Two Hundredth Anni versary of the Settlement of Boston," " A History of Harvard University from 1636 to 1836," "Memoir of James Gra- hame, Historian of the United States Army," " Memoir of Major Samuel Shaw," " History of the Boston Athenaeum," " A Municipal History of the Town and City of Boston from 1630 to 1830," "The Life of John Quincy Adams," and " Essays on the Soiling of Cattle." Died in Boston, July 1, 1864. Quitman, John A. He was the son of Rev. F. H. Quitfnan, D.D., and was born in Rhiuebeck, Duchess County, New York, September 1, 1799 ; had a liberal education ; studied theology, but preferred the law, and in his twentieth year was a Professor of Law in Mount Airy College, Pennsylvania. In 1820 he emigrated to Ohio, and was admitted to the bar of that State, but soon afterwards, in 1821, re moved to Natchez, Mississippi. In 1827 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1828 was appointed Chancellor of the State, serving three years; served as a Delegate to a " State Constitutional Con vention ; " in 1835 he was elected to the State Senate, and, as President of that body, was called upon to perform the du ties of Governor; in 1836 he distinguished himself as a soldier and leader in behalf of Texas against Mexico; in 1839 he vis ited Europe on business for the Missis sippi Railroad ; on his return was appoint ed Judge of the High Court of Errors and Appeals; he served with distinction in the Mexican war, and was for a time the American Governor of Mexico; had a horse shot from under him at Monterey; commanded at Victoria; was at Vera Cruz and Ojo Del Agua; commissioned by the President Major-General in the army; he also acquitted himself with great credit at Chapultepec ; and was one of the first to enter the City of Mexico ; was a Presi dential Elector in 1848; he was Governor of Mississippi in 1850; and in 1855 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Mississippi, and re-elected iu 1857, serving both terms at the head of the Committee on Military Affairs. By virtue of his ex perience and strict integrity he ever com manded the respect of all, and the kind ness of his heart and amiable manners won for him troops of friends among all parties. He was spoken of on two occasions as the Democratic candidate for Vice-President, and was the recognized leader of those favorable to the annexation of Cuba. He died at his residence, in Mississippi, July 17, 1858. Radford, William. Was born in Poughkeepsie, Duchess County, New York, June 24, 1814; received a good common -school education ; settled in New York City in 1829, and was for a long time engaged in mercantile pursuits; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Build ings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving .on the Committees on Elections and the Postal Railroad to New York. Ramsay, David. Born in vania, April 2, 1749 ; graduated at Prince ton Cellege in 1765; and, having studied medicine in Philadelphia, received a Diplo ma from the Medical College of that city in 1772. After a short sojourn in Mary land he removed to South Carolina in 1773, and settled in Charleston, where he at tained eminence in his profession. He served in the Carolina Legislature during the whole Revolutionary war ; also in the army as surgeon ; and published much in behalf of the American cause. He was one of the Privy Council and was banished to St. Augustine ; and he was a Delegate to Congress from 1782 to 1784, and again from 1785 to 1786; and was temporary President during the sickness of Hancock. In 1785 he published the "History of the 316 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. Revolution in South Carolina;" in 1790 the " History of the American Revolu tion ; " in 1801 a " Life of Washington ; " in 1803 a "History. of South Carolina;" and he also wrote a "History of the United States," and a " Universal History," which were published after his death. He died May 7, 1815, from a wound received in the street from a mauiac. Ramsay, Nathaniel. He was a Delegate from Maryland, to the Continen tal Congress, from 1785 to 1787. He grad uated at Princeton College in 1767. Ramsay, Robert. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835, and again from 1841 to 1843. Ramsey, Alexander. He was born in Dauphin County, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, September 8, 1815; was a Clerk in the office of the Register of that county in 1828; was Secretary of the Electoral College of Pennsylvania in 1840 ; in 1841 was elected Clerk of the State House of Representatives ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1843 to 1847 ; and was Chairman in 1848 of the State Central Committee of Pennsylvania. In 1849 he was appointed, by President Taylor, the first Territorial Governor of Minnesota, holding the office until 1853, during which service he took part in 1849 in negotiating a treaty at Mendota for the extinction of the title of the Sioux half-breeds to the lands on Lake Pepin; and in 1851 he negotiated another treaty with the Sioux nation, by which the government acquired all the lands in Min nesota west of the Mississippi River, and opened that State to the large population now settled there ; and also made a treaty with the Chippewa Indians on Red River, which he followed up with another in 1863. In 1855 he was Mayor of the City of St. Paul, and was elected Governor of the State of Minnesota in 1858, continuing in that office until 1862. In 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Min nesota, for the term ending in 1869, serv ing on the Committees on Naval Affairs, Post Offices and Post Roads, Patents and the Patent Office, Expenses in the Senate, Pacific Railroad, and as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, and of those also on Revolutionary Claims, Post Office and Post Roads, and Territo ries. He was also a member of the Na tional Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Ramsey, William. Born at Ster- rett's Gap, Cumberland County, Pennsyl vania, September 7, 1779. In 1803 he was appointed Surveyor of his native county, an office held by his father during the Revolution; and he also held the offices of Prothonotary, Register, Record er, and Clerk of the Orphan's Court; studied law, and practised with success. In 1826 he was elected a member of Con gress, from Pennsylvania ; re-elected in 1828 and 1830, and died in September, 1831, at Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Ramsey, William S. Born in Car lisle, Pennsylvania, June 12, 1810 ; was educated at Dickinson College, but, on ac count of bad health, did not graduate ; he travelled in Europe ; was an attacho to the American Legation in London, and formed the acquaintance of Walter Scott and Gen eral Lafayette ; returning to Carlisle, he was admitted to the bar in 1832 ; elected a Representative to Congress in 1838; re- elected in 1840, but died in Baltimore, October 17, 1840, a few weeks after his election. Randall, Alexander. lie was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Randall, Benjamin. He was born in Massachusetts in 1789; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1809 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1814, and com menced practice in Bath, Maine, where ho resided forty-five years. He was a mem ber of the State Senate in 1833, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1839 to 1843, and a member of the Com mittee on Invalid Pensions. He was appointed, by President Taylor, Collector of the Port of Bath, and died at that place, October 14, 1857. Randall, Samuel J~. Was born in Philadelphia in 1828; educated in that city; was brought up a merchant, and has ever been engaged in that pursuit; served four years in the Councils of his native city; one term in the State Senate ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Banking and Currency, and Expenditures in the State Department, and Retrenchment. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Retrenchment and on the Assas sination of President Lincoln, as well as his old committees. Randall, William JET. Was born in Kentucky; studied law, and came to the bar in 1835 ; in 1836 was appointed Clerk of the Circuit and County Court of Laurel County, which position he held until 1851 ; after the adoption of the State Constitu tion, he held the office one year by election , and was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, BIO&RAPUICAL EECORDS. 317 serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Expenditures on the Public Buildings. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven tion" of 18G6. Randolph, Edmund. He was a native of Virginia; was an eminent law yer, and a warm supporter of the Revolu tion. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Virginia, from 1779 to 1783; in 1787 was a member of the Con vention which formed the Constitution of the United States, but voted against its adoption. In 1788 was Governor of Vir ginia. In 1789 was Attorney-General of the United States, and in 1794 was Secre tary of State ; but, engaging in an intrigue with the French Minister, he lost the con fidence of the cabinet and resigned in 1795. He died September 12, 1813, Randolph, James F. Born in Mid dlesex County, New Jersey, June 26, 1791 ; received a common-school education: served an apprenticeship to the printing business, and became editor of the "Fre- donia," a weekly newspaper, in 1812, and continued in that capacity for thirty j r ears. He was appointed Collector of the Internal Kevenue of the United States in 1815, and held that office till the close of the war in Texas. He was subsequently Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for his native county, and for two years a member of the State Legislature. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1828 to 1833, and was afterwards President of a bank in New Brunswick, New Jersey, for ten years. Randolph, John, of RoanoTce. He was born in Chesterfield, Virginia, June 2, 1773, and claimed descent, through his grandmother, from Pocahoutas, the daughter of Powhatan, the great Indian chief. His father died in 1775, leaving three sons and a large estate; and his mother was married in 1783 to St. George Tucker, who was his guardian during his minority. His early life was spent at dif ferent places, under different instructors, of most of whom he said "he never learned anything." He passed a short time at Princeton College, Columbia College, and at William and Mary College ; and for a time he studied law with Edmund llan- dolph. He was elected a Representative in Congress, in 1799, and he continued a member of the House of Representatives, with the exception of two intervals of two years each, until 1829 ; in that year he was a member of the Convention to revise the Constitution of Virginia, and he was after wards appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia, by President Jackson, in 1830. During one of the intervals alluded to, from 1825 to 1827, he was a Senator of the United States. He was never married, and was possessed of a large estate on the Roanoke. He died at Philadelphia, May 24, 1833, while about to depart for Europe for the restoration of his feeble health. He was distinguished alike for his genius, his effective eloquence, and for many ec centricities of thought and manner. Randolph, Joseph Fits. Born in 1803, in New Jersey, and obtained ail ordinary school education, after which ho studied law, and was licensed to practise in 1825 ; he settled at Monmouth Court house, and was appointed State's Attorney for the county. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1813, and during one term he was Chairman of the Com mittee on Revolutionary Claims. In 1811 he was a member of the Convention which framed the State Constitution ; and in 1845 was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, for seven years, after which he resumed the practice of his profession at Trenton, where he now re sides. He was also a member of the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Randolph, Pei/ton.IIe was a na tive of Virginia, and one of the most dis tinguished lawyers and patriots of that State. In 1756 he was appointed King's Attorney for the Colony of Virginia, and held the office for many years. In 1705 ha was elected Speaker of the House of Bur gesses. In 1773 was a member of the Committee on Correspondence; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1774 to 1775, and was President of that body. He died suddenly in Virginia, Oc tober 22, 1775, aged fifty-two. Randolph, TJiomas M. He was a native of Virginia; Governor of that State ; and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1807 ; and died at Monticello, June 20, 1828. RanTcin, Christopher. He was born in Washington County.Pennsylvauia, and was a Representative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1819 to 1826. Died March 14, 1826, in Washington City. Rantoul, Robert. Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, May 13, 1805. He grad uated at Harvard University in 1826; studied law ; Avas admitted to the bar in 1827, and settled in practice in South Reading, and removed to Gloucester iu 1832 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1834, and in 1837 a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education. In 1838 he removed to Boston, and in 1843 was appointed Collector of that port; iu 1845 was appointed, by President Polk, United States District Attorney for Mas sachusetts ; in 1851 succeeded Mr. Webster in the United States Senate, but remained there only a short time ; and was a Repre- 313 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. seutative in Congress from 1851 to the time of his death, which occurred at Washington, August 7, 1852. His writ ings have since been published in a large volume. Rariden, James, He was a native of Kentucky, and was an early settler of the White Water Valley, Indiana; he was self-educated, and became eminent as a lawyer. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Indiana, from 1837 to 1841, and died at Cambridge City, in that State. Rathbun, George, He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 18-47. if Green B. He was bom in Golcouda, Pope County, Illinois, Decem ber 3, 1829 ; received a good education and adopted the profession of the law ; in 1801 he participated in the war for the Union as Major of the Fifty-sixth Illinois Volun teers; was promoted to the rank of Col onel in 1862 ; to the rank of Brevet Briga dier-General in 1864 ; to the full rank of Brigadier in 1865, serving in the army of the Tennessee until January of the latter year; he commanded a brigade during the siege of Vicksburg, with General McPhcr- sou ; went with General Sherman to Chat tanooga in 1863, commanding a brigade; was at the battle of Mission Ridge, and commanded a brigade during the great march through Georgia to Savannah, in 1864. In 1866 he was elected a Represent ative, from Illinois, to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Mileage, and Military Affairs. Raymond, Henry /". He was born in Lima, Livingston County, New York, January 24, 18-20. As a boy ho worked upon his father's farm in summer, and attended school in winter; became a teacher in a district school when sixteen years of age; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840 ; soon afterwards re moved to New York City, and, while study ing law, taught the classics and wrote for the "New Yorker; " in 1841 he became the managing editor of the New York" Trib une," and did much for its reputation, and subsequently became the leading editor of the New York " Courier and Enquirer," performing, at the same tijne, the duties of reader for the firm of Harper & Broth ers. In 1849 he was elected to the State Assembly; was re-elected and made Speaker, and, relinquishing his position on the" Courier" on account of his health, travelled in Europe. On his return in 1851 he established the New York "Times," which was eminently successful ; in 1852 he attended the "Baltimore Convention" as a reporter, but became a delegate, and took an important part in its proceedings ; in 1856 he became a leader in the Republi can party ; was subsequently chosen Lieu- tenant-Governor of New York; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1860; was again elected to the State Legislature, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Appropriations, on Rides, and Foreign Affairs; and as Chairman of a Special Committee on the Ventilation of the Hall of Representatives. Ho visit ed Europe a second time, and wrote a series of war letters, which attracted much attention ; and in 1865 he published a "Life of Abraham Lincoln," including a history of his administration, which was subsequently amplified and published as the "Life, Public Services, and State Papers of Abraham Lincoln." He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Convention" of 18G6. Rayner, Kenneth. Bora in Bertie County, North Carolina, in 1808 ; re ceived an academical education ; and, though he studied law, he did not prac tise. He entered public life, in 1835, as a member of the House of Commons, and the same year was a member of the Con vention to revise the State Constitution. He served again in the local Legisla ture in 1836 and 1838, and was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1839 to 1845, and a Presidential Elector in 1818. In 1846 he went for the third time into the Legislature. In 1866 he published the "Life and Services of Andrew Johnson." Rea, John. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1811, and again from 1813 to 1815. Read, Almon JET. He was born in Shelburne, Vermont, June 12, 1790; grad uated at Williamstown College; studied law, and, removing to Pennsylvania, was frequently elected to the State Legisla ture; also to the Senate; in 1840 was ap pointed Treasurer of the State; and in 1841 was elected to fill a vacancy in the National House of Representatives, and re-elected to the succeeding Congress. Died at Montrose, Pennsylvania, June 3, 1844. He also was a member of the "State Constitutional Convention" of 1836. Read, George. Born in Cecil Coun ty, Maryland, in 1733, but, with his father, removed to New Castle County, Delaware. He was educated for the law, and was ad mitted to the bar in Philadelphia at the age of nineteen, and practised his profes sion in New Castle ; was made Attorney- General of the three lower counties on the Delaware in 1763, and held the office until he was chosen a Delegate to Congress in 1775. In 1776 he was a signer of the Dec laration of Independence. He was Pres ident of the Convention which formed the first Constitution of Delaware, and also a BIOGRAPHICAL 319 member of the Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; and was elected a member of the United States Senate, serving from 1789 to 1793. He was then appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Delaware, in which office he remained until his death, in 1798. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Read, 7. He was a Delegate from Pennsylvania, to the Continental Con gress, in 1787 and 1788. Read, Jacob. He was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from South Carolina, from 1783 to 1786; elected a Senator in Congress, from that State, for the term from 1795 to 1802, serving a short time as President pro tern, of that body, and was appointed, by President Adams, Judge of the United States Dis trict Court of South Carolina, in 1801. Read, Nathan. Born in Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1760; gradu ated at Harvard University in 1781, and two years afterwards officiated as tutor in that institution. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1800 to 1803, having succeeded S. Sea- well; and, having removed to Hallovvell, Maine, was for many years Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He was devoted to science, and a petitioner for a patent for an invention, before the patent laws were enacted; and, before the time of Fulton's experiments, he had tried the effect of steam upon a boat in Wenham Pond. He died at Hallowell, January 20, 1849. Read, TJiomas B, He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1826 to 1827, and also during the session of 1829, and died suddenly on his way to Washington, at Lexington, Kentucky, November 26, 1829. He was in the me ridian of life, and a man of talents. Reade, Edwin G. Born in Orange County, North Carolina, November 13, 1812; he had a liberal education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1836, in Person County, and engaged in a lu crative practice. He was elected a Rep resentative in Congress in 1855, serving until 1857. He was a member and Presi dent of the " Reconstruction Convention," held in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1865. ' Ready, Charles. "Born at Ready- vine, Rutherford County, Tennessee, De cember 22, 1802. He graduated at Green ville College, and received from the Nash ville University the degree of Master of Arts. He was bred a lawyer, and has practised his profession with success. He was a member of the Tennessee Legisla ture in 1835, and closely identified with the organization of the Judiciary. By special commission he has twice presided in the Supreme Court of Tennessee, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, in 1853, to which posi tion he lias been twice re-elected, and was a member of the Committee on the Judi ciary. Took part in the Rebellion. Reagan, John JET. Born in Sevier County, Tennessee, October 8, 1818; a lawyer by profession; was appointed Deputy Surveyor in the Republic of Texas, in 1840; and in 1843 was a Justice of the Peace and Militia Captain ; in 1846, Probate Judge and Colonel of Militia; and elected a member of the Legislature in 1847 ; was a Judge of the District Court from 1852 to 1857, when he was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serv ing on tho Committees on Indian Affairs and Expenditures in the Post Office De partment. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress; withdrew in February, 1861, and became Postmaster-General of the Rebel Government. He was subsequently confined as a Prisoner of State in Fort Warren, and released by order of Presi dent Johnson. Reding, JoJin R. He was born in New Hampshire, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1845. From 1853 to 1858 he lield the office of Naval Storekeeper at Ports mouth. Reed, Charles M. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Reed, Edivard C. He was a native of New York; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1812; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833'. Reed, Isaac. Born in Waldobor- ough, Maine, in 1810; was a merchant by occupation'; and a Representative in Con gress, from Maine, from 1852 to 1853. He served six years in the State Legislature; was State Treasurer in 1856; and Presi dent of the Waldoborough Bank. Reed, John. Born in Plymouth County, Massachusetts ; graduated at Yale College in 1772; was ordained as a minis ter of the Gospel in 1780, and settled at West Bridgewater, Massachusetts. He was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1795 to 1801. He died February 17, 1831, aged eighty years. Reed, John. He was a native of Bridgewater, Massachusetts, having been born in 1781; was a graduate of Brown University, in 1803; a lawyer by profes- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. sion ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1813 to 1817, and again from 1821 to 1841. He was the son of the foregoing, and was Lieutcnant- Governor of Massachusetts from 1844 to 1851. Died at Bridgewater, November 25, 1860. Reedy Joseph. Born in New Jersey, August 27, 1741; graduated at Princeton College in 1757 ; studied law at the Tem ple in London; in 1774 he was one of the Committee of Correspondence in Philadel phia; was President of the first popular Convention in Pennsylvania: accompanied Washington as an Aid when he went to Cambridge, and remained with the Gen eral through the campaign; in 177G he was appointed Adjutant-General of the army; he was appointed a General of Cavalry, but declined the position, though he was present at the battle of Germantown. He was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from 1777 to 1778, and a signer of the Articles of Confederation ; was Pres ident of Pennsylvania in the latter year, continuing in the office until 1781, when he resumed the practice of law. In 1784 he visited England for his health, but without happy results, and he died March 4, 1785. An attempt to bribe him was made by the British, but it was treated with the utmost scorn. Meed, Philip. He was born in Kent County, Maryland; and was a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from 1806 to 1813, and a Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1821 to 1823. He died November 2, 1829. Reed, Robert R. He was born in Pennsylvania ; studied medicine and prac tised the profession; served one or two terms in the Legislature of Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Died at Harrisburg, December 15, 1864. Reed, William. He was a native of Massachusetts, an eminent merchant, and highly esteemed for his benevolent and religious character. He was a mem ber of Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1815; was President of the Sabbath-school Union of Massachusetts, and of the American Tract Society ; Vice- President of the American Education So ciety ; a mamber of the Board of Visitors of the Theological Seminary at Andover, and of the Board of Trustees of Dart mouth College. Besides liberal bequests to heirs and relatives, he left $68,000 to benevolent objects, of which $17,000 were to Dartmouth College, $10,000 to Amherst College, $10,000 to the Board of Commis sioners for Foreign Missions, $9.000 to the First Church and Society in Marble- head, $7,000 to the Second Congregation al Church of Marblehead, and $5,000 to the Library of the Theological Seminary at Andover. ile died at Marbleheud. Feb ruary 18, 1837, very suddenly, while attend ing a Sabbath-school meeting. Reese, David A. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1853 to 1855. Reid, DavidS. Born inRockingham County, North Carolina, April 19, 1813. He studied law, and was admitted to prac tice in 1843; he was elected to tlvj State Legislature in 1835, and served continu ously until 1842. In 1843 he was elected a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, serving that term; and was re- elected iu 1845 for a second term ; he was, in 1850, elected Governor of North Caro lina, and re-elected in 1852, serving until 1855, when he was elected a Senator in Congress for four years. lie was Chair man of the Committee on Patents and the Patent Office, and a member of the Com mittee on Commerce. lie was also elect ed a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Reid, John W. Was born in Lynch- burg, Virginia, June 14, 1821; received a good English education ; removed to Mis souri in 1840; studied law and came to the bar in 1844; served with credit in the Mexican war in 1846, as Captain of a com- pany of mounted Volunteers, with Colonel Doniphan ; settled in Jackson County, practising his profession; served two ses sions in the Missouri Legislature ; and was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Ex pelled from the House in December, 1861. Reid, Robert R. He was born in Beaufort District, South Carolina, in 1789 ; removed early in life to Georgia; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1818 to 1823; was elected Mayor of Augusta, on his retirement from Congress; was also a Judge of the Supe rior Court of Georgia; was appointed, in 1832, by President Jackson, District Judge for Eastern Florida; and was appointed, by President Van Buren, Governor of the Territory of Florida, from 1839 to 1841 ; and was a member of the Convention which formed a State Constitution for Florida, over which body he presided in a creditable manner. He died near Talla hassee, July 1, 1844. Reilly, Wilson. Bom in Pennsyl vania; followed for a time the business of a hatter; and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, in 1857, from Pennsyl vania, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Patents. Of late years he has been devoted to the practice of law. Reily, Luther. He was born in BIOGEAPIIICAL EECOEDS. 321 Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Relfe, James H. He was born in Virginia, and, having settled in Missouri, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Rencher, Abraham. TSorn in Wake Com tj', K >rth Carolina, and in 1822 grad uated at the University of that State. He practised law for a time, but, taking an interest in politics, was elected to Con gress, where he served from 1829 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1842; Charge d'Affaires to Portugal in 1843; and he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Gov ernor of the Territory of New Mexico. Reynolds, Gideon. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Reynolds, James B. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1815 to 1817, and again from 1823 to 1825. Reynolds, John. He was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, Feb ruary 28, 1788; and was a Representative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843. Before entering Congress he was Governor of Illinois from 1830 to 1834. Died at Belle ville, Illinois, May 8, 18G5. Reynolds, John H. Born in Mo- reau, Saratoga, County, New York, June 21, 1819 ; received his education at the academies of Evansville, Sandy Hill, and Kiuderhook, New York, and was also at Bennington, Vermont; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1843 ; in 1853 was appointed Postmaster at Albany by President Pierce, but removed in 1854 for insubordination as a party man ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary. Reynolds, Joseph. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837. He also served in the Assembly of that State in 1819. Rhea, John. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1803 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1823. In 1816 he was appointed United States Com missioner to treat with the Choctaws. Died May 27, 1832, aged seventy-nine years. Rfiett, Robert Barnwell.Yie was born in Beaufort, South Carolina, Decem- 21 ber 24, 1800 ; received a liberal education, and adopted the profession of law ; in 1820 he was elected to the State Legisla ture, and in 1832 he was elected Attorney- General of South Carolina; and was a Representative in Congress from 1838 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849 ; and was a Senator in Congress dur ing the years 1820, 1851, and a part of 1852, having resigned contrary to the wishes of his State. He is said to have been the first man who proposed, and ad vocated, on the floor of Congress, a disso lution of the Union. Of late years he has lived wholly retired from public life on an extensive plantation. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861, as a member of the Confederate Congress. Rhodes, Samuel. He was a Dele gate, from Pennsylvania, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1774 to 1775. Ricaud, James JR. Born in Balti more, Maryland, February 11, 180S; grad uated at Washington College, Maryland, and was a lawyer by profession; was a member of the House of Delegates of Maryland in 1834, and of the State Sen ate of Maryland from 1836 to 1844, in clusive ; was an Elector of President and Vice-President in 1836 and 1844; and a Representative in the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serving on the Committee on Manufactures, and also that for Investigating the Accounts of a late Clerk of the House. In 1864 he resigned his seat in the Maryland Senate, and was appointed Judge of the Circuit Court. Died at Chestertowu, Maryland, January 24, 1866. Rice, Alexander H. Born in New ton, Massachusetts, in August, 1818; re ceived a common-school education ; served in his father's paper-mill as a clerk while yet a mere boy; subsequently graduated at Union College in 1844, after which he entered on his own account into the pa per business ; in 1853 was elected to the Common Council of Boston, and became the President of that body ; was Mayor of Boston in 1856 and 1857 ; and was elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Af fairs, and on Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs, in which capacity he introduced a large number of important measures. Also re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on tho Committee on Unfinished Business, and again at the head of the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was also a Delegate ta the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention." of 1866. 322 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Rice, Henri/ JET. He was born In Vermont, November 29, 1816 ; emigrated to Michigan when it was a Territory, and since that time has lived in three other Territories, viz., Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, much of his life having been spent among the wild Indian tribes of the North- west; in 1840 he was appointed a Sutler in the army; has been employed as Commissioner in making many Indian treaties of great importance ; in 1853 he was elected a Delegate to Congress from Minnesota; re-elected in 1855, having secured the passage of the act authorizing the people of Minnesota to form a State Constitution ; and in 1857 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Minnesota, for the term of six years. At the com mencement of the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress he was appointed a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs, and on Post Offices and PostEoads. He was also a delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Rice, John H. Born in Mount Ver- non, Kenncbec County, Maine, February 5, 1816; received a good common-school education; between the years 1832 and 1833 he held a variety of local offices at Augusta; devoted some attention to the study of law; served as a Staff Officer during the troubles connected with the North-eastern boundary ; in 1840 was ap pointed Deputy Sheriff of Kennebec Coun ty; in 1842 settled in Piscataquis County, and devoted himself to the lumbering business until 1848 ; subsequently prac tised law; in 1852 was elected a State At torney for three years ; and, having been re-elected, held the office until he was chosen a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and on Patents. Re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of tlie Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, a member of the Committee on the Territories, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on Frontier Defences. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing on the same committees. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. In February, 1867, he was appointed, by Pres ident Johnson, Collector of the port of Bangor, Maine. Rice, Thomas. He graduated at Harvard University in 1791 ; adopted the profession of law ; was in the State Legis lature in 1813; was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1815 to 1819 ; and died in 1854. Rich, Charles. He was born in Hampshire County Massachusetts, in 1771, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Vermont, from 1813 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1824. He died at Shoreham, Vermont, October 15, 1824. Richard, Gabriel. He was a Ro man Catholic Priest, and a man of learn ing. He was born at Saintes, in Fance, October 15, 1764; was educated at An- giers ; received orders at a Catholic Semi nary, in Paris, in 1790; came to America in 1798; was for a time Professor of Mathematics in St. Mary's College, Mary land; labored in Illinois as a missionary; went to Detroit, Michigan, in 1799, whence he was sent as a Delegate to Congress in 1823. He died in Detroit, September 13, 1832. During his ministry, it became his duty, according to the Roman Catholic religion, to excommunicate one of his parishioners, who had been divorced from his wife. The parishioner prosecuted the priest for defamation of character, which resulted in his obtaining a verdict of one thousand dollars. This money the priest could not pay, and was consequently im prisoned in the common jail; as he had already been elected a Delegate to Con gress, he went from his prison in the wilds of Michigan to his seat on the floor of Congress. In 1809 he visited Boston, and took a printing-press to Michigan, and started a journal called the "Michigan Essay," which failed for the want of read ers ; he then published some Roman Cath olic books, and the laws of the Territory, all in French; in 1812, after Hull's sur render, he was taken prisoner, and, after his release, finding his people destitute, purchased wheat and gave it to the desti tute. He wrote several languages, and was a man of superior ability and rare benevolence. Richards, Jacob. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1809. Richards, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1795 to 1797. Richards, JbTm. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1814 and 1815; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Richards, Marie. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1817 to 1821. He was also a member of the State Legislature for eight years ; County Sheriff for five years; a State Councillor in 1813 and 1815 ; and Lieuten ant-Governor of Vermont in 1830. Richards, MattJiias.lle was born in 1757 ; was a Judge of Berks County, Pennsylvania, from 1788 to 1797; and a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1807 to 1811. Died in 1830. BIOGKAPHICAL EECOEDS. 323 Richardson, John P. He gradu ated at the South Carolina College in 1819 ; was a Judge ; a member of the House of Representatives in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1837 to 1840; Governor of that State from 1840 to 1842; and died in South Carolina in 1850. Richardson, John S. Bora in South Carolina in 1777, and died at Charleston, May 11, 1850. He was an As sociate Judge of the General Sessions, of the Common Pleas, and Presiding Judge of the Court of Appeals; and was elected a member of Congress in 1820, but, owing to some exigency in his private affairs, he was not qualified. He was also a member of the State Legislature, and Attorney- General for the State of South Carolina. Richardson, Joseph. Born at Bil- lerica, Massachusetts, February 1, 1778 ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1802 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1827 to 1831. He was senior Pastor over the First Church at Hingham, Massachusetts, for fifty years. Richardson, William A. Born in Fayette County, Kentucky ; graduated at the Transylvania University; studied law, and came to the bar before attaining his twentieth year, and soon after settled in Illinois. In 1835 he was elected State Attorney ; in 1836 a member of the State Legislature ; in 1838 he was elected to the State Senate; and in 1844 was again elected to the Legislature, and made Speaker of the House; and was chosen a Presidential Elector in 1844. In 1846 he served as Captain in the Mexican war, and on the battle-field of Buena Vista was pro moted by the unanimous vote of his regi ment; in 1847 he was elected a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, where he continued to serve, by re-election, until 1856, when he resigned ; in 1857 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Gover nor of Nebraska, which he resigned in 1858 ; in 1860 he was, against his consent, re-elected to the House of Representatives, but before the expiration of his term, in 1S63, was elected a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, for the unexpired term of his friend, S. A. Douglas, serving on the Committees on Territories and the Dis trict of Columbia. Richardson, William M. He was born in Pelham, New Hampshire, January 4, 1774, and graduated at the University of Cambridge in 1797. He practised law . for a few years at Groton, Massachusetts ; and was a member of Congress, from that State, from 1811 to 1814, when he re signed. He removed to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1814, and was appointed Chief Justice in 1816; and he discharged the duties of the office with high reputa tion nearly twenty-two years. He was a man of distinguished talents, great indus try, and extensive acquirements, and high ly respected for his integrity and estimable character. He was the author of "The New Hampshire Justice, "avid" The Town Officer." A considerable portion of the first and second volumes of the "New Hampshire Reports " was drawn up by the Chief Justice; nearly all the cases of the third, fourth, and fifth were furnished by him; and of the matter for, perhaps, four volumes more, he prepared a large share. He died at Chester, New Hampshire, March 23, 1838. Richmond, Jonathan. He was born in Bristol, Massachusetts, in 1774; was one of the pioneers of Western New York in 1813; was once Collector of the Customs for the United States; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821. He died in Ca- yuga, New York, July 29, 1853. Riddle, Albert ?. He was born in Massachusetts, and elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seveatu Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. A lawyer. Riddle, George Read. lie was born in Newcastle, Delaware, in 1817; educated at Delaware College; studied engineering, and was engaged for years in locating and constructing railroads and canals in Pennsylvania, Delaware, Mary land, and Virginia, the last of which was the great work at Harper's Ferry. After wards he studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1848, and was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for his native county, which position he held until 1850, when he was elected a Representative, from Dela ware, to the Thirty-second Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-third Congress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and was Chairman of the Commit tee on Engraving, and also a Special Com mittee on the Peruvian Guano Question. In 1849 he was appointed by the Governor of the State a Commissioner on the part of Delaware to retrace the celebrated " Mason and Dixon's line," the report of which was printed by the Legislatures of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland in 1850. He was also a Delegate to the sev eral " Democratic National Conventions" of 1844, 1848, and 1856. In 1864 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Dela ware, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, Private Land Claims, Man ufactures, and Printing. Died in Wash ington City, March 29, 1867. He was a descendant of George Read, of the Revo lution. Ridgeley, Henry M . Born in 1778 ; a lawyer by profession; and for many 324 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. years was a distinguished member of the Delaware bar. He was a Representative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1811 to 1815, and supplied a vacancy as Senator in Congress from 1826 to 1829. He died at his residence in Dover, Delaware, August 7, 1847. Ridgely, Richard. He was a Del egate, from Maryland, to the Continental Congress, from 1785 to 1786. Itidgway, Josep7i.He was born on Staten Island, New York, May 6, 1783; received a limited education ; and acquired the trade of a house carpenter. In 1811 he emigrated to Cayuga County, New York, and devoted himself to making fan- niug-mills ; and in 1822 settled in Colum bus, Ohio, and established an extensive iron foundry, which subsequently became an establishment for manufacturing rail road carriages. In 1828 he was elected to the Legislature of Ohio, and re-elected in 1830; and was a Represensative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1843. He failed in business in 1811, and, though ex onerated by the bankrupt law, he thought proper, in 1857, to pay up his old debts, at the rate of two dollars for one ; and of seventy creditors he only found four liv ing ; so that he had to hunt up and pay the heirs, which occupied four months of his time. i tfetur JR. Born in Morris County, New Jersey, June 20, 1809 ; stud ied medicine ; and graduated at the Bar clay Street Medical University of New York. In 1828 he made an extensive sea- voyage over the world; practised his pro fession from 1832 to 1849; served two years in the New Jersey Legislature; spent one or two years in charge of the hospital at Suiter's Fort, California; in 1855 was elected for three years to the Senate of New Jersey ; and in 1858 was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, serving as a member of the Committee on Manufactures. Lewis. Was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. ItiJcer, Samuel* He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1784, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1804 to 1805, and again from 1807 to 1809. Binggold, Samuel. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1810 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1821. zar W.Ke graduated at Dartmouth College in 1800; studied law, and settled in the District of Maine ; was Speaker of the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1811; acquitted himself with credit as an officer in the last war with England; removed to Lou isiana, whence he was elected to Con gress, serving from 1835 to the time of his death, which occurred at New Orleans, March 2, 1839, aged fifty-seven years. Ripley, James W.Tie was a law yer; served four years in the Legislature of Maine; was an officer in the last war with England, and a member of Congress, from Maine, from 1826 to 1830, when he was appointed Collector of Customs for the Passamaquoddy District of Maine. He died in June, 1835. Ripley, Thomas C. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Twenty-ninth Congress, for the unexpired term of R. P. Herrick, resigned. Misley, ElijaJi. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1851. Ritchey, Thomas. He was? born in Pennsylvania, and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1853 to 1855. Ritchie, David. He was born at Canonsburg, Washington County, Penn sylvania, August 19, 1812 ; graduated at Jefferson College in 1829 ; admitted to the bar, at Pittsburg, in 1835; received the degree of J.U.D. from the University of Heidelberg, Germany, in 1837; and was a Representative, from Pittsburg, in the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, and Thirty, fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. After leaving Congress, he held the office of Judge for about one year; and, while en gaged in the practice of his profession, died at Pittsburg, January 24, 1867. Sitter, Bur well C. He was born in Barren County, Kentucky, January 6, 1810; received a good English education ; adopted the business of farming, to which he has been devoted; was a member of the Legislature of Kentucky in 1843 and 1850 ; in 1864 he was a Presidential Elector ; and in 1865 he was elected a Represent ative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Agriculture, and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. Bitter, John. Was born in Exeter Township, -Berks County, Pennsylvania, February 6, 1779. He received such edu cation as the country afforded in German, and but three months of English school ing. At eighteen years of age he entered the printing-office of the " Reaclinger BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 325 Adler," of which his father was half- owner. This was at the issue of the second number of the paper. In 1802 he bought his father out, and continued as an editor and proprietor to conduct the journal to the day of his death. He never sought any office. An election to the Convention to revise the Constitution of Pcnns3 r lvania, in 1836, and to a seat, from Pennsylvania, in the Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses, came to him as a spontaneous act of popular confidence and respect. He died at Beading, Novem ber 24, 1851. Rivers, Thomas. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress from 1855 to 1857. Hives, Francis E. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841. Died November 30, 1861. Hives, William C. He was born in Nelson County, Virginia, May 4, 1793; was educated at Hampden Sidney and Wil liam and Mary Colleges; studied law and politics under the direction of Thomas Jefferson; was Aide-de-camp, in 1814 and 1815, with a body of Militia andVolunteers, called out for the defence of Virginia; and was a member, in 1816, of the " Staunton Convention," called to reform the State Constitution. He was elected to the Leg islature of Virginia in 1817, 1818, and 1819, from Nelson County; in 1822 to the same position from Albemarle County; in 1823 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and he served for three succes sive terms ; in 1829 he was appointed, by President Jackson, Minister to France ; on his return, in 1832, he was elected a Sena tor in Congress, and resigned in 1834 ; was re-elected in 1835, and served to the end of the term, in 1839; in 1840 was elected to the Senate for a third term, where he re mained until 1845 ; in 1849 he was a second time appointed Minister to France, and re turned in 1853, when he finally retired from political life. He has also added to his reputation by publishing a History of the " Life and Times of James Madison." He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the so-called Confederate Con gress, having previously been a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of that year. In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Conven tion," but did not take part in its proceed ings; and died at Charlottesville, Va., April 26, 1863. Roane, John. He was born in Vir ginia; was a Presidential Elector in 1809; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1815 to 1817, from 1827 to 1831, and for a third term from 1835 to 1837. Roane, John J. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, his native State, from 1831 to 1833. Roane, John T. He was a Repre sentative i n Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1815. Roane, William IT. Born in Vir ginia, in 1788; was twice elected a mem ber of the Executive Council of that State ; once a Delegate to the General Assembly ; a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1817; and a Senator of the United States from 1837 to 1841. He died at Treo Hill,near Richmond, Virgiuia,May 11,1845. Hobble, Reuben. He was born in Vermont; and, having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Robbins, AsJier. Born in Wethers- field, Connecticut, in 1757, and graduated at Yale College. He was a lawyer by pro fession; was United States District At torney in 1812; held many other impor tant public positions; and was a leading Senator in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1825 to 1839. He was also a mem ber of the Rhode Island Legislature for many years. Died at Newport, Rhode Island, February 25, 1845. Robbins, George R. Born near Allnntown, Momnouth County, New Jer sey, September 24, 1812; graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1837, and pursued the practice of medi cine until his election to the House of Representatives, from New Jersey, during the Thirty-fourth Congress; was re- elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Inva lid Pensions. Robbins, Jr., 7o7m. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1855. Roberdeau, Daniel. He was a Del egate, from Pennsylvania, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and was a signer of the Articles of Confeder ation. Roberts, Anthony E. Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, October, 1803; but removed with his parents to Lancaster County in his infancy. He re ceived a common-school education, and commenced life as a merchant. In 1839 he was elected Sheriff of Lancaster Coun ty, and held the office till 1842. In 1849 he was appointed by President Taylor, Marshal of the Eastern District of Penn sylvania, and remained in that position 326 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. until 1853, and collected the Statistics for the Seventh Census of that District. He was a Representative in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty- fifth, and was a member of the Commit tee on the Militia. Roberts, Jonathan. Born in 1771, and early in the present century was elected to both branches of the Legisla ture of Pennsylvania; was a Represent ative in Congress from 1811 to 1814, when he resigned; and was an advocate of the war of 1812. From 1814 to 1821 he was a Senator of the United States ; and in 1841 he was appointed Collector of the port of Philadelphia by President Harrison. He died in Philadelphia, July, 1854. Roberts, Robert W. He was born in Delaware, and, having settled in Mis sissippi, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Robertson, George, Born in Mer cer County, Kentucky, November 18, 1790, and completed his education in Transylvania University. He studied law, and commenced practice in 1809. In 1816 he was elected a Representative in Congress, and served from 1817 to 1821. He was a member of the Legislature, and Speaker of the House four sessions, end ing in 1827. In 1828 he was Secretary of State, and the same year chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals, and in 1829 com missioned Chief Justice of Kentucky, which position he resigned in 1843, and resumed the practice of law in Lexington in 1835. He was Professor of Law in Transylvania University for twenty-three years. He repeatedly declined important offices, including missions to Colombia and Peru. Robertson, John. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1834 to 1839. Robertson, Thomas It. He was a Representative in Congress, from Louisi ana, from 1S12 to 1818, having been the first member elected under the State Con stitution. Robertson, William JET. He was born in Bedford, Westchester County, New York, October 10, 1823 ; received an aca demical education in that town ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1847, at Poughkeepsie ; in 1848 he was elected to the Assembly, and re-elected in 1849 ; in 1854 he was elected to the State Senate ; in 185G he was elected for four years Judge of Westchester County ; re-elected in 1859 and also in 18G3, serving eleven years in all ; in I860 he was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the Baltimore Convention of 18G4, which re-nominated President Lincoln ; and in 1SG6 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and Revolu tionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to the " State Republican Convention "of 1867. Robinson, Christopher. Ho was born in Rhode Island; graduated at Brown University in 1825, and adopted the profession of law; was Attorney- General of Rhode Island. He was elected a Representative, from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Ju diciary, and also on the Special Com mittee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. In 18G1 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Minister to Pern, and he was a Delegate to the " Loyalists' Con vention," held iu Philadelphia in 1866. Robinson, Edward. He was a ship-master and merchant; served two years in the Maine Senate ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maine, dur ing the years 1838 and 1839. In 1840 he was a Presidential Elector ; and died Feb ruary 20, 1857, aged sixty-one years. Robinson, James C. Was born in Edgar County, Illinois, in 1822 ; served as a private in the Mexican war ; studied law and came to the bar in 1854 ; was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Con gresses, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Mileage, and as a member of the Committee on Expenditures in the State Department. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention " of 18GG ; and in 1867 he was appointed a Commissioner to settle the war claims of Indiana. Robinson, John . He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1817 to 1853. In 1857 he was appointed United States Marshal for the District of In diana, by President Buchanan, which office he held until his death, March 21, 1860. Robinson, John M.~ He was born in 1793, and was one of the early settlers of Illinois, and one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of that State. He was a Senator in Congress from 1830 to 1842, and died at Ottawa, Illinois, April 26, 1843. Robinson, Jonathan. lie was ap pointed Chief Justice of Vermont in 1801, in the place of Judge Smith, who resigned ; and in 1806 was elected to suc ceed Mr. Smith as Senator in Congress, BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 327 serving from 1807 to 1815. He died at Benuiugton, November 3, 18 ID, aged sixty- four. Robinson, Moses. He was edu cated at Dartmouth College; served iu the Legislature of Vermont; and was Governor of that State from 1789 to 1790. lie was a Member of the Senate of the United States, from Vermont, under the administration of Wash ington, from 1791 to 1796, when he resigned. He was one of the minority who were opposed to the ratification of Jay's Treaty. He died at Benniugton, May 26, 1813, aged seventy-two. Robinson, Orville.He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. He also served four years in the Assembly of New York, from Oswego County. Robinson, Thomas. He was a Representative in Congress, from Dela ware, from 1839 to 1841, and died in Sus sex County, of that State, October 28, 1843. Robinson, William E. He was born near Cookstovvn, Tyrone County, Ireland, May 6, 1814 ; received a good English and classical education ; emigrated to this country in 1836; entered Yale College, and received the degree of A.M. in 1841 ; was a student for two years at the Yale Law School ; between the years 1838 and 1844 he was a frequent writer for the New York " Herald ; " during the latter year he became identified with the New York "Tribune," signing his communica tions " Richelieu; " in 1848-'49 he became identified as editor with a weekly paper called " The People ; " in 1859 he visited his native land, and the Continent of Europe ; practised law in New York from 1853 to 18(>2; in 1862 he was appointed United States Assessor of Internal Reve nue for the City of Brooklyn, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Foreign Af fairs, and Expenses in the Treasury De partment. In addition to his extensive writings on the politics of his country, published in a great variety of journals, he has occasionally delivered addresses on literary topics, and is also the author of a number of poems which have be come popular with the people. Robison, David F. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Rochester, William B. He was born in Washington County, Maryland, and was a man of legal acquirements, much respected for his abilities, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1S23. He subsequent ly held the office of Circuit Judge in New York, but resigned to compete with De- witt Clinton for the office of Governor. He was lost, with many others, off the coast of North Carolina, by the explosion of the steamer Pulaski, June 15, 1838. Rockhill, William. Re was born in New Jersey, and, having settled in In diana. was elected a Repi'esentative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Rockwell, John A. Born in Nor wich, Connecticut, in 1804 ; graduated at Yale College in 1822; studied law, which he practised with ability and suc cess; was twice elected to the State Senate ; was at one time Judge of the County Court for New London County; and was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1845 to to 1849, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. He subsequently practised in the Court of Claims, and was the author of a work on Spanish law. Died in Wash ington, of apoplexy, February 10, 1861. RocJuvell, Julius. T&orn at Cole- brook, Litchfleld County, Connecticut, April 26, 1805. Entered Yale College iu 1822, and graduated in 1826; studied law at the New Haven Law School, and was admitted to the bar in Litchfield County, in 1829, commencing practice in 1830, at Pittsfleld, Massachusetts. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Massachusetts from 1834 to 1838, and was Speaker from 1835 to 1838, and in that year was appointed Bank Commis sioner, and held the office three years. He was a Representative in Congress from 1847 to 1851, and United States Senator for two sessions, by appoint ment, from 1854 to 1855, to succeed Mr. Everett. In 1853 he was a member of the Convention to revise the Constitution of Massachusetts ; a Presidential Elector iu 1856; and in 1858 was again elected to the House of Representatives of that State. In 1859 he was made a Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts. Rodman, William. Born in Ben- salem, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, Oc tober 7, 1757, his parents being of the Society of Friends. He received a liberal education; served in the Revolutionary War as a soldier; under the call from Washington, he raised and commanded a company, during the " Whiskey Insurrec tion" in Western Pennsylvania; he was for many years in the Legislature of his native State ; and he was a Representa tive in Congress from 1811 to 1813. He died at the. place of his birth, July 27, 1824. 328 BIOGEAPHIOAL EECOEDS. Rodney, Ccesar.Ke was born in Dover, Kent County, Delaware, in 1730; received a liberal education ; he was High Sheriff, Justice of the Peace, and a Judge in his native County; in 1762 he was elected to the State Legislature, serving several years, and as Speaker in 17G9; was a Delegate to the New York Congress in 1765 ; was a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1778, and in 1783; was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Delaware; also served for a time as General of Militia ; and was President of the State of Delaware. Died in 1783. A son of his was subsequently a member of the Federal Congress. Rodney, Caesar A. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1803 to 1805. He was appointed Attorney-General of the United States by President Jefferson; and in 1812 com manded a company of Volunteers in de fence of Baltimore; again a Representa tive in Congress, from Delaware, from 1819 to 1821 ; and a Senator of the United States from 1821 to 1823, in which year he was appointed United States Minister to Buenos Ayres, where he died June 10, 1824. Rodney, Daniel. He was a Presi dential Elector in 1809 ; Governor of Del aware from 1814 to 1817; a Representative in Congress, from the State of Delaware, from 1822 to 1823, and a Senator in Con gress from 1826 to 1827. Died September 2, 1846, aged seventy-five years. Rodney, George B. He was born in Delaware; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1820, and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1841 to 1845. He was a Delegate, in 1861, to the " Peace Congress " of Wash ington. Rodney, Thomas. He was a Dele gate, from Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1781 to 1783, and from 1785 to 1787. Rogers, Andrew J. He was born in Hamburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, July 1, 1828; received a limited educa tion ; spent the most of his youth as an assistant in a hotel and in a country store ; taught school for two years and a half, during which time he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1852 ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judiciary, Expenses in the Post Office Department, and Recon struction. Rogers, Charles. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. He also served in tlie Assembly of New York, from Washington County, in 1833 and 1837. Rogers, Edward. lie was born in Connecticut; received a classical educa tion, studied law, and settled in Madison County, New York. He was for many years County Judge; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845. He died in Galway, Saratoga County, New York, May 23, 1857, aged seventy years. Rogers, James. He was born in South Carolina; graduated at the Univer sity of that State in 1813; adopted the profession of law ; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1843. Rogers, John. He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Continental Con gress, from 1775 to 1776. Rogers, Sion H. He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Rogers, Thomas J. He was born in Waterford, Ireland, and came to this country when three years of age ; was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1818 tol824, a part of the time for the unexpired term of John Ross, and died in New York City, December 7, 1832, aged fifty-one years. Rollins, Edward IT. He was born in Somersworth, now Rolliugford, Straf- ford County, New Hampshire, October 8, 1824; received an academical education, and for a short time taught school ; was devoted for several years to mercantile pursuits, first as a clerk and then as an apothecary; was a member of the State Legislature in 1855, 1856, and 1857, serv ing as Speaker during the last two years ; was chosen Chairman of the State Repub lican Committee in 1856, which position he held until he entered Congress ; elected a Representative, from New Hampshire, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Co lumbia; re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Accounts. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the same Committee and serv ing on the Committee on Public Expend itures. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accom pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois; and a Delegate to the Phil - delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 186G. BIOGEAPHICAL KECOXDS. Rollins, James Sidney. Was horn in Madison County, Kentucky, April 19, 1812; graduated at the State University of Indiana, at Bloomington, in 1830; studied law, and graduated at the Tran sylvania Law School, in Kentucky, in 1833; and soon afterwards settled in Boone County, Missouri. In 1838 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re- elected in 1840 and 1842 ; in 1846 lie was elected to the State Senate, and served four years; in 1854 he was again elected to the Legislature ; in 1857 he was de feated as the Whig candidate for Governor by two hundred and thirty votes, one hundred thousand having been polled, though many thought him legally elected ; in 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Commerce and on Expenditures in the War Department. He was re-elected in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing en the Committee on Naval Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Phila delphia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Roman, James !>. He was born in Maryland ; was educated a lawyer; was a Presidential Elector on two occasions ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. He is at the present time President of the Hagers- towu Bank. He was also a Delegate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. Died in Maryland, January 19, 1867. Roosevelt, James I. Born in the City of New York, December, 1796; was educated at Columbia College; studied law with Peter Augustus Jay, and was for several years his partner. In 1835 and 1840 he was a member of the State Legis lature, and in 1842 and 1843 was a Repre sentative in Congress from New York City. He declined a re-election, and went abroad in 1843. On his return he retired from the practice of law to private life ; but was induced to accept the appoint ment of Judge of the Supreme Court of the State in 1851. He was also for sev eral years in early life a member of the city government. Root, Erastus. Born in Hebron, Connecticut, March 16, 1772; graduated al; Dartmouth College in 1793; after which ho taught school for some time, and then studied law and settled in Delaware County, New York, in 1796. He was a Representative in the Assembly eleven years ; Spe;ri\er of the House three years ; State Senator eight years ; and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1803 to 1805, and from 1809 to 1817 when he resigned, in which year he was appointed Post master at Delhi, New York, and was re- elected to Congress from 1831 to 1833. In 1822 he was chosen Lieutenant-Governor of the State, and he was also Major-Gen eral of Militia. He died in New York City, December 24, 1846. His intellect and tastes were highly cultivated. Root, Jesse. Born at Northampton, Massachusetts, January, 1737; graduated at Princeton College in 1756; preached about three years, and then studied law; settled in Hartford, Connecticut. He took part in the Revolutionary war, and was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress, from 1778 to 1783; was appointed Judge of the Superior Court in 1789, and was Chief Justice from 1796 until his res ignation in 1807. He died March 29, 1822. Root, Joseph M. Born in Cayuga, New York, October 7, 1817; read law at Auburn, and removed to Ohio in 1829; was appointed Prosecuting Attorney in that State ; in 1840 chosen to the State Senate ; and served as a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1851. He was for a time Chairman of the Committees on the Post Office and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1860, and a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention " of 1866. Rose, Robert L. Born at Geneva, New York, October 12, 1804; was a farmer by occupation; has held the office of Supervisor for the town of Allen's Hill ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. Rose, Robert S. He was born in Henrico County, Virginia; and was a Representative in Congress, from the State of New York, from 1823 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1831. He died at Waterloo, New York, November 24, 1835, aged sixty-three years. Ross, David. He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Continental Con gress, from 1786 to 1787. Ross, Edmund G. He was born in Wisconsin; received a good English edu cation, and, having commenced life as a printer, and been Foreman in the office of the " Milwaukie Sentinel," soon became an editor in his native State ; on the break ing out of the troubles in Kansas in 1856, he removed to that State, and took an active part in its local affairs ; was a mem ber of the "Kansas Constitutional Con vention " of 1859 ; from that time until 1861 he served in the State Legislature; enlisted as a private soldier in a Kansas regiment during the Rebellion, attaining the rank of Major; and subsequently be came the associate editor of the " Law rence Tribune." In July, 1866, he was appointed by the Governor a Senator in Congress, from Kansas, for the uuexpired 330 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. terra of James H. Lane, deceased ; serv ing on the Committees on Pensions, Indian Affairs, and Printing. In January, 1867, his appointment to the Senate was confirmed by the Legislature, his terra expiring in 1871, and he was made Chair man of the Committee on Enrolled Bills. Ross, George. Born in New Castle, Delaware, in 1730; he acquired a classical education under his father's roof; studied law and came to the bar in 1751 ; settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania; in 1768 he was elected to the Colonial Legislature ; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress from 1774 to 1777; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen dence ; he was a member of the Colonial Convention that commenced the new gov ernment; Chairman of the Committee that formed the organization of the State gov ernment; in 1779 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Admiralty for Pennsyl vania, but died in July of that year from an attack of gout. He was a profound lawyer, and an earnest patriot. Moss, Henry H. He was born in Essex County, New York, and graduated at Columbia College, New York, in 1808 ; studied law and practised the profession in Essex, Essex County, New York, for fifty years ; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. He was County Judge of Essex County in 1847 and 1848 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1848, heading the State ticket, and of ficiating as President of the Electoral Col lege. He died September 13, 1862. He was distinguished for his ability, elo quence, dignity, and high character. Ross, James. Born, about the year 1761, in Pennsylvania. He was a lawyer by profession, and was a member of the Convention that formed the Constitution of Pennsylvania, in 1790. He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1794 to 1803, serving during one session as President pro tern, of that body, and died at his residence, near Pittsburg, November 27, 1847. Ross, John. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1811, and again from 1815 to 1818, having resigned. Ross, Lewis W. He was born in Seneca County, New York, December 8, 1812; removed with his father to Illinois when a boy; was educated at the Illinois College; adopted the profession of law. In 1840 and 1844 he was elected to the State Legislature; was a Presidential Elector in 1848; and a Delegate in 1860 to the Charleston and Baltimore Conven tions. In 1861 was elected to the " State Constitutional Convention ; " and in 1842 was elected a Representative, from Illi nois, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs; and also re-elected to the For tieth Congress, serving on the additional Committee on Agriculture. Ross, Thomas. He was a native of Pennsylvania; graduated at Princeton College in 1825 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Ross, Thomas R.IIe was born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1819 to 1825. Rousseau, Lovell H. He was born near Stanford, Lincoln County, Kentucky, August 4, 1818, to which place his father had emigrated from Virginia; was chiefly educated by himself, acquiring a good English education, and,having adopted the profession of law, practised it with success in Indiana, to which he removed in 1841. He was elected for three years to the Leg islature of Indiana, and for three years to the Senate of the State; served through the war with Mexico as a Captain, and was present at Buena Vista; in 1850 he returned to Louisville, Kentucky, where he subsequently resided. In 1860 he was elected by both political parties to the Sen ate of Kentucky, and, after serving through the stormy session of 1861, resigned his seat, and asked for permission to raise troops for the war. In June of that year he was commissioned a Colonel of Volun teers, and in July was in camp with four companies; in October, 1861, he was ap pointed a Brigadier-General, was present at the battle of Shiloh, and reported for gallantry; was also in the battle of Perry - ville, and for his "distinguished gallantry and good service" there, was, in Octo ber, 1862, appointed a Major-General. He was also in the advance upon Corinth after the battle of Shiloh, and in the battle of Stone River, and many smaller engage ments. He conducted, in 1864, a highly important and successful raid into the hearb of Alabama, and defended Fortress Rosecrans with eight thousand men dur ing the siege of Nashville. In 1865 he was elected a Representative, from Ken tucky, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committees on Military Affairs, and on Roads and Canals. He was also one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott, in 1866. In June, 1866, he made a personal assault on J. B. Grinnell, a fel low-member of the House, for words spoken in debate ; and although the com mittee appointed to investigate the sub ject reported a resolution to expel, the House adopted the minority report to rep rimand him for violating the privileges of BIOGRAPHICAL 11ECORDS. 331 the House; whereupon he resigned his seat as a Representative in the Thirty- ninth Congress, but was re-elected during the subsequent recess to the same Con gress, serving again on the Committees on Military Affairs, and Roads and Canals. In April, 1867, he was appointed a Briga dier-General in the regular army ; and was assigned to duty in the New Terri tory of Alaska. Roivan, John. He was born in Pennsylvania, in 1773 ; emigrated to Ken tucky when quite young ; he was a mem ber of the Convention which formed the Constitution of 1799 ; he was Secretary of State in 1804; elected a member of Con gress from 1807 to 1809 ; for many years a member of the General Assembly ; Judge of the Court of Appeals in 1819; and was a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1831. His last public position was that of Com missioner for carrying out a late treaty with Mexico. He died in Louisville, Ken tucky, July 13, 1843. Howe, Peter. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1855. Roi/ce, Homer E. He was born in Berkshire, Vermont, in 1819; received a common-school education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842 ; was a member of the State Legislature in 1846 and 1847 ; was Prosecuting Attorney for the State in 1848; a State Senator in 1849, 1850, and 1851; and was elected a Repre sentative from Vermont to the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Afl'airs. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the same committee ; and he was a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. i,, Thomas. Born in Edge- combe County, North Carolina; graduated at Chapel Hill University ; is a lawyer by profession, and served as Circuit Attorney of the Seventh Judicial Circuit of the State of Missouri, from December, 1844, to December, 1848; and was elected a Representative, from North Carolina, to the Thirty-third, Thirty-fourth, Thirty- fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committees on Public Lands, on Accounts, and on the Militia. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the Rebel Congress, having previously been a Delegate to the " Peace Congress "of 1861. He also served as a Colonel in the Southern army, and, from the effects of a wound, died at Alexandria, Virginia, in October, 1863. Ruggles, Benjamin. Born in Windham County, Connecticut. He ob tained the means for receiving a classical education by teaching a school in winter. He studied law, and afte'r his admission to the bar removed to Marietta, Ohio; he subsequently settled at St. Clairsville; and in 1810 was elected President Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the Third Circuit. He was elected, by the Legislature, a Senator of the United States from Ohio, serving from 1815 to 1833 ; and from his well-known habits of industry, and constant devotion to the interests of his constituents, he was called " The Wheolhorse of the Senate." From his| youth he was a member of the Masonic fraternity. In 1837 he was a Presidential Elector. He died at St. Clairsville, Sep tember 2, 1857, aged seventy-four years. He served on many of the most important committees. Ruggles, Charles If. lie was born in Litchtleld County, Connecticut, and was a member of the New York Assembly in 1820 ; a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1823, and also Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. Ruggles, John. Born in Westboro', Massachusetts; was well educated, but possessed a taste for the mechanic arts ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Maine, from 1835 to 1841, and a member of the Committee on Commerce. He took a special interest in, and was the originator, when in Congress, of the idea of a reorganization of the Patent Office ; and the very first patent granted after the reorganization, July 28, 1836, was granted to him for a locomotive steam-engine. He was nine times elected to the Maine Legislature, and officiated as Speaker three years ; and from 1835 to 1841 was Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Ruggles, Nathaniel. He was a native of Massachusetts ; graduated at Harvard University in 1781 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1813 to 1819, and died at Roxbury, Massachusetts, December 19th of the latter year, at the age of fifty-eight years. Rumsey, Benjamin. He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Conti nental Congress from 1776 to 1778. Rumsey, Jr., David. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. Rumsej/t Edward. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. RunJc, John. He was born in New Jersey ; was a Presidential Elector in 1841 ; 332 and a Eepresentative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Rush, Benjamin. Horn in Bristol, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1745 ; was educated chiefly at Prince ton College; studied medicine for six years, and then attended lectures at the Edinburgh University; practised in the hospitals of London, and completed his studies in Paris ; on his return he was at once appointed a Professor in a medical institution in Philadelphia; he was an earnest advocate of the cause of liberty; was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1776 and 1777; and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was a member of the Convention called to ratify the Federal Constitution, and sub sequently held the post of Cashier of the United States Mint. On retiring from political life he devoted his whole atten tion to his profession, and was a Profes sor in various important institutions ; and, as a high officer, took an active part in the Society for the Abolition of Slavery, the Philadelphia Bible Society, the Philadelphia Medical Society, and the American Philosophical Society. Among his numerous writings were " Medical Inquiries and Observations," and a " History of the Yellow Fever." Died April 19, 1813, and is remembered as one of the leading medical men of his time. He was the father of Richard Rush, for many years Minister to England and France, and also Secretary of the Treas ury under President J. Q. Adams. Rusk, Thomas J. He was born in South Carolina, studied law, and practised with success in Georgia. In the early part of 1835 he removed to Texas, and was a prominent actor in all the important events in the history of the Republic and the State of Texas. He was a member of the Con vention that declared Texas an indepen dent Republic, in March, 1836 ; was the first Secretary of War ; participated in the bat tle of San Jacinto, and took command of the army after General Houston was wounded. He continued in command of the army until the organization of the Con stitutional Government, in October, 1836, when he was again appointed Secretary of War, and resigned after a few months. He afterwards commanded several expedi tions against the Indians; served as a member of the House of Representatives, and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, which last office he resigned early in 1842. In 1845 he was President of the Convention that consummated the annex ation of Texas to the United States. Upon the admission of Texas into the Union, in 1845, he was elected one of the Senators in the Congress of the United States, in which office he served two terms, and was elected for the third term, ending in 1863. He was Chairman of the Committee on the Post Office. He took a deep interest in the wagon-road to the Pacific, and the overland mail. At the time of his death, which occurred in Nacogdoches, Texas, July 29. 1856, he was President pro tern. of the Senate. In a moment of insanity, caused by overwhelming grief at the death of his wife, he took his own life, aged fifty-four. Russ, John. He was a native of Ips wich, Massachusetts, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1819 to 1823. He died at Hartford, Connecticut, June 22, 1832, aged sixty- eight years. Russell, David. HQ was born in Massachusetts, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1835 to 1841, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Claims. He was also in the Assembly of that State, in 1816 and 1830, from Washington County, and District Attorney for Northern New York. Died at Salem, Washington County, New York, November 24, 1861, aged sixty-one years. Russell, James M. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1842 to 1843. Russell, Jeremiah. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Russell, John, He was a Represent ative iu Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1809. Russell, Jonathan. He was ap pointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Swe den in 1814, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1821 to 1823. Died February 16, 1832. His birthplace was Middlesex County, Massa chusetts. Russell, Joseph. lie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847, and from 1851 to 1853. Russell, L. Samuel. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Russell, William. He was born in Ireland, and, having emigrated to Ohio, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1827 to 1833, and again from 1841 to 1843. Russell, William F. Born in Sau- gerties, Ulster County, New York; was a merchant for twenty years, and a member of the Legislature of New York, in 1850, serving one term ; was elected a Repre- BIOGRAPHICAL EECOZDS. 333 sentative from New York in the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving oil the Committee on Iiidiuu Affairs. Rust, Albert. He was born in Vir ginia, and, removing to Arkansas, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857, and again from 1851) to 18CI, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals, and the Special Com mittee of Thirty-Three on the Rebellious States. He took part in the Rebellion of 18G1, and was a Brigadier-General. Rutherford, John. lie was a na tive of New York City; a nephew of William Alexander, Earl of Stirling; graduated at New Jersey College in 177G; was educated a lawyer; was a Presiden tial Elector in 1798, 1813, and 1821; a Senator of the United States from New Jersey, from 1791 to 1798; and was the last survivor of the Senators in Congress during the administration of Washington. He early retired from public life, and, be ing one of the largest landholders in New Jersey, was actively engaged in agricul tural and internal improvements. He died at Ederston, New Jersey, February 23, 1840, in the eightieth year of his age. Rutherford, Robert. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1793 to 1797. Rutledge, Edward. Born in Charleston, South Carolina, in November, 1749 ; received a good education, and stud ied law at the Temple in London ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1777, and signed the Decla ration of Independence ; he took part in military affairs, and was taken prisoner at Charleston, remaining in confinement nearly a year ; subsequently served in the State Assembly ; in 1798 he was elected Governor of South Carolina, holding the office until his death, which occurred Jan uary 23, 1800. He stood high both as an orator and a patriot. Rutledge, John. He was born in Ireland, in 1739 ; emigrated to South Caro lina ; studied law in England, and, return ing to South Carolina in 1761, took an active part in the Revolutionary cause, and was a Delegate to the Continental Con gress. In 177G he was appointed President of South Carolina, and Commander-in- Chief of that Colony, having also been a member of the Convention of 1774. He was Governor of the State in 1779 ; Chan cellor of the State in 1784; member of the Convention to form the Constitution, and signed that instrument; a Representative in Congress, from 1797 to 1803 ; and, after having been Judge of the Court of Chan cery, Chief Justice of South Carolina, and Judge of the Supreme Court of the Uni ted States, was finally promoted to the position of Chief Justice, but was not con firmed by the Senate. Died in July, 1800. Ryall, D. B. He was born in Tren ton, New Jersey ; adopted the profession of law, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Sabin, Alvah. He was born in Geor gia, Vermont, October 23, 1793; was educated for the ministry ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that Stale, from 1853 to 1857. He served ten years in the State Legislature ; and was Secretary of State for Vermont in 1841. Sabine, Lorenzo. He was born hi Lisbon, New Hampshire, February 28, 1803 ; was entirely self-educated ; was bred a merchant ; was for many years a bank officer; and was for some time Sec retary of the Boston Board of Trr.de. He was three times elected to the Legislature of Maine, from Eastport, and was at one time Deputy Collector of the port of Pas- samaquoddy. He has held, in Massachu setts, the position of Confidential Agent of the Treasury Department ; and was a Rep resentative, from that State, to the Thirty- second Congress. He has devoted much of his time to literary pursuits, and is the author of a "Life of Commodore Preble," "The American Loyalists," " Re port on the American Fisheries," and " Notes on Duels and Duelling," and has been a contributor to the " North Ameri can Review" and other leading periodicals. The degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by Bowdoin and Harvard Col leges. SacJcett, William A. Born in New York and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853, and was a member of the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. Sage, Ebenezer.He graduated at Yale College in 1778, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1820. He died in 1834. Sage, Russell. Born in Oneida County, New York, August 4, 1816; re ceived a common-school education ; com menced active life as a clerk in a store at Troy, and until 1853 was wholly devoted . to mercantile pursuits. In 1841 he was elected an Alderman in the City of Troy, and, by annual elections, served seven years in that capacity ; he was also Treas urer of Rensselaer County for seven years, in which office he was especially popular; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1853 to 1857, serving on the Committees on Inva lid Pensions, and on Ways and Means. He was the first man who advocated, on the floor of Congress, the purchase by the 334 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. General Government of Mount Vernon ; and lie was among the most active sup porters of MX* Banks for the office of Speaker of the House of Representatives. Sailly, Peter, He was born in Lo- rainu, France ; first came to the United States in 1783, and settled in Clinton Coun ty, New York. Having been well educated, and possessing a decided talent for busi ness, he acquired considerable influence, and held several offices of public trust in his adopted State. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807, and, on his retirement from that position, he was appointed, by Presi dent Jefferson, Collector of Customs for the District of Champlain, holding the office until his death, which occurred at Plattsburg, in 1826. Saltonstall, Leverett. Born In Massachusetts, in 1781 ; graduated at Har vard College in 1802 : commenced the practice of law in Salem in 1805, and was distinguished as a lawyer; was a State Senator in 1831 ; Mayor of Salem from 1836 to 1838 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1837; be frequently served in the State Legislature, and was a Representative in Congress, from 1838 to 1843. He was also an active member of the American Acad emy of Arts and Sciences, and of the Massachusetts Historical Society, and the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him by Harvard College, to which he left a legacy, and he also made a be quest of valuable books to Phillips' Acad emy, at Exeter, where he commenced his education. He died at Salem, Massachu setts, May 8, 1845. Summons, Thomas. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1803 to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813. Sample, Samuel C.lle was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1843 to 1845. Sampson, Zabdiel.He was born in Plympton, Massachusetts; graduated at Brown University in 1803, and adopted the profession of law. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1817 to 1819 ; and in 1820 he was appointed Collector of Customs at Plymouth, where he died, while in office, July -19, 1828. Samuel, Green B. Born in Vir ginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1841. He was for eleven years Judge of the Supreme Court of Appeals, and died at Richmond January 5, 1859, aged sixty-five years. Sandford, JoJin.Ile was a native of New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843, and a member of the New York Senate, in the extra session of 1851. He died in Amsterdam, Montgomery County, New York, October, 1857. Sandford, Jonah. lie was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1827 and 1830,from the County of St. Lawrence, and was a Representative in Congress from 1830 to 1831. Sandford, Nathan. lie was a na tive of New York, and held successively the public positions of Speaker of the New York Assembly, District Attorney of the United States for his State, United States Senator from 1815 to 1821, Chan cellor of the State, and was again a Sen ator in Congress from 1825 to 1831. He died on Long Island, in October, 1838. Sandldge, John M. Born in Franklin County, Georgia, January 7, 1817 ; was a planter by occupation, and served as a member of the Legislature of Louisiana from 1846 to 1855. Id 1852 he was a mem ber of the Convention that framed the present Constitution of that State; Speak er of the House in 1854 and 1855; and elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Pri vate Laud Claims. Sands, Joshua. He was born in Queen's County, New York, in 1758, and was a member of the New York Senate, from King's County, from 1792 to 1799, and a Representative in Congress from 1803 to 1804, and again from 1825 to 1827. During the war of 1775 he was a member of the Brooklyn Home Guards ; in 1797 he was appointed, by President Adams, Collector of Customs for the port of New York ; and was at one time a, Magistrate in King's County ; and he also took an active part, with two brothers, in the Rev olutionary war to its close. Died in his native county, September 13, 1835. He was the father of the present Commodore Sands. Sanford, James T. He was born in Virginia, but removed to Tennessee at an early day. He was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1823 to 1825. He was liberally educated, and having acquired a large property in the pursuits of agriculture, he appropriated a part of his wealth to the establishment of "Jackson College," where many promi nent men have been educated. He died many years ago. Sanford, Thomas. lie was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1803 to 1807. BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. 335 Sapp, William U. He was born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1853 to 1857. Sargent, Aaron A. Was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, September 23, 1827; early acquired a knowledge of the printing business; emigrated to Cali fornia in 1849 ; studied law, and carne to the bar in 1854 ; and in 1801 was elected a Representative, from California, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Select Committee on the Pacific Railroad, to which enterprise he was particularly devoted. Saulsbury, Willard.W&s born in Kent County, Delaware, June 2, 1820; was educated at Delaware College and also at Dickinson College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1845; in 1850 he was appointed Attorne3 r -General of Delaware, and held the office five years ; and in 1850 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the term ending in 1865, serving on the Committees on Commerce, 'Pensions, and Patents and the Patent O;flce. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864; and was re-elected to the Senate for the term com mencing iu 1865 and ending in 1871, serving on the Committee on Mines and Mining. Saunders, Romulus M. Born in Caswell County, North Carolina, March, 1791. He received an academical educa tion, and spent two years in the University of that State. He studied law iu Tennes see, and was admitted to practice therein 1812. He returned to North Carolina; was in the House of Commons from 1815 to 1820, and for two years Speaker of the House. He was a Representative in Con gress from 1821 to 1827, and from 1841 to 18 15. In 1828 he was Attorney-General of the State ; in 1833 was President of the Board of Commissioners to settle the claims of American citizens under the treaty of July 4, 1831, with France; in 1835 he was elected a Judge of the Su preme Court; in 1846 he was appointed, by President Polk, Minister to Spain, where he remained four years ; on his re turn he was again elected to the Legisla ture of North Carolina; after which he devoted much attention to the railroad improvements of the State. Died in Ra leigh, April 21, 1867. Savage, John. He was a member of the New York Assembly in 1814; and from 1815 to 1819 a Representative in Con gress from that State. He subsequently held the positions of District Attorney, Comptroller of the State, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Treasurer of the United States for New York, and was a Presidential Elector in 1845. Died in Utica, October 19, 1S63, aged eighty-four years. Savage, John H. He was a native of Warren County, Tennessee. During his minority he volunteered as a private soldier, under GeneralGaines,to defend the Texan frontier; also served during a cam paign in Florida. He afterwards studied law, and commenced practice, in 1837, at Smithville, Tennessee. He was elected Colonel of the Tennessee Militia; was elected by the Legislature Attorney-Gen eral of the Fourth District of his State in 1841, and held the office until 1847. Dur ing that year he received from President Polk the appointment of Major in the Four teenth Regiment United States Infantry, and, joining the American army in Mexico, was present at the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, and Molina del Rey, and was wounded at Chapultepec. He was pro moted to the position of Lieutenant Colo nel, and as such had command of his reg iment, after the death of Colonel Graham, until the close of the war. On returning to Tennessee, he resumed the practice of his profession; and was first elected a Representative in Congress in 1849; he was re-elected in 1851 ; declined being a candidate in 1853 ; and was re-elected in 1855 and 1857. He was a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. Sawtelle, Cullen.llQ was born in Norridgevvock, Maine ; graduated at Bow- cloin College in 1825 ; studied law, and admitted to the bar in 1829 ; served eight years as Register of Probate ; was a State Senator during the years 1843 and 1844; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1847, and "again from 1849 to 1851. Sawyer, Lemuel. Was born in Camden County, North Carolina, in 1777; educated at Flatbush, New York; studied law; was in the State Legislature in 1801, and voted in the Electoral College for Thomas Jefferson in 1804. He was elect ed a Representative, from North Carolina, to Congress in 1807, serving until 1813 ; and subsequently served in the same ca pacity from 1817 to 1823, and from 1825 to 1829. About the year 1850 he removed to Washington, and held a clerkship in one of the departments. Sawyer, PJiiletus.TJe was born in Whiting, Addisou County, Vermont; re ceived a good common-school and busi ness education ; removed to Wisconsin, and devoted himself to the lumber trade ; was elected to the Legislature of that State in 1857 and 1861 ; in 1803 he was elected Mayor of Oshkosh, and re-elected in 1864; and was elected a Representative, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-ninth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Mau- 0. 330 B10GEAPHICAL EECOKDS. ufactures and on Invalid Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Commerce and Southern Railroads. Sawyer, S. T. He was born in North Carolina ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. He was appointed by President Pierce, Collector of Customs at Norfolk, Virginia; and was subsequently editor of the "Norfolk Argus." Died in New Jer sey, November 29, 1865, aged sixty-five years. Sawyer, William* Born in Ohio, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1849. Say, Benjamin. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1808 to 1809, for the unexpired term of Joseph Clay. Scales, Jr., Alfred M. He was born in Rockingham County, North Caro lina, November 26, 1827; was educated chiefly at the Chapel-Hill University; adopted the profession of law, and was admitted to the bar in 1851 ; was elected to the Legislature of North Carolina in 1852 and 1856 ; and in 1857 he was elected a Representative, from his native State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1861. Scammon, John F. Born in Saco, Maine, October 24, 1786 ; was bred a mer chant ; served in the Massachusetts Legis lature, as Representative, during 1817, and in the Maine Legislature in 1820 and 1821; was Collector of Customs at Saco from 1829 to 1841 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1847 ; a State Senator in 1855 ; Secretary of an Insurance Company from 1841 to 1845; and Treasurer of a Savings-Bank, from 1843 to 1845. Died May 23, 1858. SchencJc, Abraham H. He was born in 1777; was a member of the New York Assembly in 1804, 1805, and 1806 ; and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1815 to 1817. He was among the first who engaged in the man ufacture of cotton under the non-inter course laws. Died in 1831. SchencJc, Ferdinand S. Born in Middlesex County, New Jersey, February 11, 1790; he received a common-school education ; and, having studied medicine, was for many years devoted to the prac tice. In 1829 he was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1830 and 1831 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New Jersey, from 1833 to 1837. He was a member, in 1844, of the Con vention to revise the State Constitution, and was soon after elected a Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeal, which po sition he held for eight years. Died at Camden, May 17, 18(50. SchencJc, Robert C. Born in Frank lin, Warren County, Ohio, October 4, 1809 ; graduated at Miami University iu 1827, where he remained one or two years as a tutor; he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1831, and settled in Dayton. In 1840 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature ; re-elected in 1842 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from his native State, from 1843 to 1851, serv ing on many committees; during the Thirtieth Congress as Chairman of the Committee on Roads and Canals. On his retirement from Congress, he was ap pointed, by President Fill more, Minister to Brazil, and during his residence in South America, he took part in negotiat ing a number of treaties. On his return, in 1853, he became extensively engaged in the railway business. In 1861 he served as a Brigadier and Major-General in the Union army; and in 1862 was elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, and in 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, a member of the Board of Visitors to the West Point Academy, and was President of the Board. He served on the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and again at the head of the Committee on Military Affairs; was a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois ; also of the Committee on Retrenchment; and he was one of the Representatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy alists' Convention" of 1866, and to the " Soldiers' Convention " held at Pittsburg ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Ordnance, and again of that on Military Affairs. Schermerhorn, Abraham M. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1853 ; and died in Rochester, New York, August 22, 1855. Schley, William. Born in Freder ick City,' Maryland, December 15, 1786. He received an academical education in Georgia; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Augusta in 1812; continued the practice of his profession until 1825, when he was elected a Judge of the Su perior Court of the Middle District of Georgia. He was elected to the State Legislature in 1830; and was a Repre- BIOGEAPHICAL EECOKDS. 337 sentative in Congress from 1833 to 1835 ; and during the two following years was Governor of Georgia. He published a "Digest of the English Statutes." He was, when Governor, one of the most active supporters of the Western and At lantic Railroad ; and at the time of his death was President of the Medical Col lege of Georgia. He died at Augusta, Georgia, November 20, 1858. Schoolcraft, John L.B.Q was born in Albany, New York, and was all his life identified with that city as a merchant. He was for many years President of the Commercial Bank of Albany ; and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1853. Died at St. Catherine's, Canada West, in May, 1860. ScJioonmaJeer, Cornelius C. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1791 to 1793, and was for fourteen years, before and after the above term, a member of the New York Assem bly, from the County of Ulster. SchoonmaJeer, Marius.Born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Schuneman, Martin G. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807. He was a man of giant size, and of great force of char acter. Schureman, James. Hie was a prominent man in New Jersey during the Revolution, and was a graduate of Queen's College. He was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1789 to 1791, and from 1797 to 1799 ; a Senator in Congress from 1799 to 1801, when he re signed; and again a Representative from 1813 to 1815. He was also at one time Mayor of New Brunswick. He was also a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1786 and 1787. Schuyler, Philip. Was a native of Albany, New York. He was appointed Major-Gencral in the army of the Revolu tion in 1775, and despatched to the forti fications in the north of New York, to prepare for the invasion of Canada. By the loss of his health, the command soon devolved upon Montgomery. On his re covery, he directed the operations against Burgoyne, and, in consequence of the evacuation of Ticonderoga, he unreason ably fell under some suspicion, and was superseded in command by General Gates. He afterwards rendered important ser vices, though not in command. He was a Delegate to Congress previous to the present Constitution, and a Senator of the United States, by appointment, from 1789 to 1791, and again in 1797, but re- 22 signed. He died at Albany in 1804, aged seventy-three. Scliuyler, Philip J. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819, and died in New York City, February 21, 1835, aged sixty -seven years. Schwarts, John. Born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, October 27, 1793; received a common-school education; served as a Lieutenant in the last war with Great Britain; was engaged in mercan tile pursuits from 180G to 1829, and from that year to 1857 was wholly devoted to farming. He was elected a Represent ative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, but died before the expi ration of his first session, in July, 1860. Sco field, Glenni W.fle was born in Chautauque County, New York, March 11, 1817; graduated at Hamilton College in 1840, and removed to Warren, Penn sylvania, where he was admitted to tho bar in 1843. In 1850 and 1851 he was a member of the State Assembly, and from 1857 to 1859 he was in the State Senate. In 1861 he was appointed President Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District of the State, and in 1862 he was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thir ty-eighth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Elections, and Expenditures in the War Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Unfinished Business. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and Indian Allah's. Scott, Charles L. He was born in Richmond, Virginia, January 23, 1827; graduated at William and Mary College ; studied law, and formed a partnership with his father in the practice of his pro fession, at Richmond. In 1849 he em barked, as a member of the Madison Mining and Trading Company, for Cali fornia. In 1851 he abandoned the mines, and resumed the practice of law in Tuo- lumne County, California. He was elected a Representative in the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, from California, serving as a member of the Committees on Indian Affairs, and on the Post Office and Post Roads. Scott, Gustavus. He was a Dele gate, from Maryland, to the Continental Congress, from 1784 to 1785. Scott, Harvey D. He was born in Ohio, and, having removed to Indiana, was elected a Representative to the Thir ty-fourth Congress from that State. Scott, John. He was bqrn in Han over County, Virginia, in 1782 ; graduated 538 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. at Princeton College in 1805 ; moved with his parents to Indiana in 1802; settled at St. Genevieve, Missoui'i, in 1805; was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Missouri, from 1810 to 1821, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from the same State, from 1821 to 1827. Died at St. Genevieve in 1861. Scott, John. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831. Scott, John G. Was born in Phila delphia, December 26, 1819 ; left that city when seventeen years of age to seek his fortune in the West ; settled in Missouri, and for many years resided at the Iron Mountain; engaged in the business of iron master, and developing the mineral resources of the State ; and in 1862 he was, at a special election, elected a Rep resentative, from Missouri, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, in the place of J. W. Noell, deceased. He ran for Congress at the regular election against Mr. Noell, and was beaten by a small majority. His committee duties were rendered as a member of the Committee on Revolution ary Pensions. Scott, John Morin.He was Sec retary of State of New York from 1778 to 1789 ; and a Delegate, from New York, to the Continental Congress,from 1780 to 1783. Scott, Thomas. lie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 1791. and again from 1793 to 1795. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Scranton, George IF. Born in Madison, New Haven County, Connecti cut, May 23, 1811; received a common- school education; and when eighteen years of age removed to New Jersey. He subsequently removed to Pennsylvania, and engaged in the iron and railroad busi ness, having extensive interests at Oxford, New Jersey, and at Scranton, Pennsylva nia; he held the positions, severally, of President of the Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company and of the Cayuga and Susquehanna Railway Company; and in 1858 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Manufactures. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, but died at Scran ton, Pennsylvania, March 24, 1861. Scudder, John A. He was a native of New Jersey ; a physician by profession ; served a number of years in the Assembly ofhis native State; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from New Jersey, for the unexpired terra of James Cox, who died in 1810. Scudder, Nathaniel. He gradua ted at Princeton College in 1751; was a Delegate from New Jersey to the Conti nental Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and was one of the Signers of the Articles of Confederation. Died in 1781. Scudder, Treadwell.lle was for six years a member of the New York As sembly, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1819. Scudder, Zeno.lle was born in Barnstable, Massachusetts, August 18, 1807; and filled with credit various public positions. He was President of the Mas sachusetts Senate, and a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1854, when he was compelled, by failing health, to re sign his seat. He was a good lawyer, enjoyed the confidence and respect of the community in which he lived, and died at Barnstable, Massachusetts, June 26, 1857. Scurri/, Richardson. Born in Ten nessee, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Texas, from 1851 to 1853. Seaman, Henri/ J.lle was born in New York ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Searing, John A. Born in Queen's County, New York, May 14, 1814. His father died when he was young, and he was educated at the common schools of New York by his grandparents. He was bred a farmer, held several public posi tions previously to his election as a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1853, and was chosen a Representative to the Thir ty-fifth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on Revolutionary Pensions, and Ac counts. Searle, James. lie was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1778 to 1780. Seaver, Ebenezer.Horn in 1763; graduated at Harvard University in 1784; was a member of the State Legislature from 1794 to 1802; member of the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1820 ; and a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1803 to 1813. He died in Roxbury, Massachusetts, March 1, 1844. Sebastian, William K.Born in Vernon, Tennessee, and educated at Co lumbia College, in that State. He settled as a lawyer in Arkansas in 1835, and was soon after appointed Prosecuting At torney, and held the office until 1837; he was Circuit Judge from 1840 to 1842, and was appointed in the latter year Supreme Judge. He was a State Senator, and BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 339 President of the body in 1846, and Presi dential Elector in 1848. He was a United States Senator from 1848 to 1853, again from 1853 to 1859, and re-elected for a term of six years, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and a member of the Committee on Territories. Expelled July 11, 1861. Seddon, James A. He was born in Virginia, and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and again from 1849 to 1851 ; was a member of the Rebel Government, as mem ber ot'Congress, in 1861, having previously been a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of that year. In 1862 he became the Con federate Secretary of War. Sedgwick, C. B. Born in Pompey, New York, March, 1815; adopted the pro fession of law; and was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Re- elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of that Committee. In 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to look after certain naval affairs. Sedgwick, Theodore. Was born at West Hartford, Connecticut, in May, 1746. He was educated at Yale College, but did not graduate. On leaving this Institution, he commenced the study of theology, but soon relinquished it, and studied law, and was admitted to the bar before reaching the age of twenty-one. He commenced practice at Great Barrington, Massachu setts, then settled at Sheffield, and after wards at Stockbridge, in the same county, He was a zealous patriot in the Revolu tionary war. He was a member of the Provincial Congress in 1785 and 1786; and a Representative in Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from 1789 to 1796. He was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1798, and served as President pro tern, during one session. In 1799 he was again a member of the House, and was chosen Speaker. From 1802 until his death he was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. He died at Boston, January 24, 1813. He received the degree of LL.D. from Prince ton and Cambridge. As a statesman and jurist he was highly valued by his country. His life was in an uncommon degree varied and active ; his industry was unwearied, and an ardent enthusiasm was the basis of his character. Segar, Joseph E. Born in King William County, Virginia, June 1, 1804. In 1836 he was elected to the House of Delegates of Virginia, and served a num- of years; was again elected to the same position in 1848, and continued to serve almost uninterruptedly until the State re belled against the Union. After Eastern Virginia was restored to the Federal au thority he was elected a Representative, from Virginia, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress. Selden, Dudley. Formerly a promi nent member of the New York bar, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835. He died ill Paris, France, November 7, 1855. Selye, Lewis. lie was born in Chit- tenango, Madison County, New York, July 11, 1808; received a common-school education; removed to Rochester in 1824, and became extensively engaged in the manufacturing business, and was long identified with the growth and interests of that city. He was for many years a member of the city Corporation ; also held the office of Supervisor of Monroe County, and was for seven years the Treasurer of the county ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Manufactures, and Revolu tionary Pensions. Semmes, Benedict <7. Was born in Charles County, Maryland, November 1, 1789. He was bred to the profession of medicine, and graduated at the Medical School in Baltimore about the j r ear 1811. He settled in Piscataway, Maryland, where he acquired an extensive practice, but subsequently relinquished his profession. lu the year 1821 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was again elected in 1825, 1827, and 1828, and during one ses sion was chosen Speaker of the House of Delegates. In 1821 he introduced and carried through a bill for removing relig ious tests, as applicable to office in Mary land. In 1829 he was elected to Congress, and was re-elected in 1831 ; but his health soon after failing, he found it necessary to retire, at a time when there was no oppo sition to him In his district. He again served in the State Legislature in 1842 and 1843, since which time he has lived in retirement on his estate in the County of Prince George. Semple, James. He was born in Kentucky, in 1800, but emigrated to Illi nois in 1827. He was elected to the Illi nois Legislature for six years, during four of which he officiated as Speaker of the House of Representatives. In 1833 he was elected Attorney-General of the State ; appointed Charg'e d'Affaires to New Gra nada in 1837 ; elected one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State in 1842 ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1843 to 1847. Died at Elsah Landing, Illinois, in January, 1867. Seney, Joshua. lie was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1787 and, 340 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 1788, and a Representative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1789 to 1792. Senter, William T. Born in Gran ger County, Tennessee, in 1802, and died there August 28, 1849. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State. from 1843 to 1845. Sergeant, John. He was born in Philadelphia in 1779 ; graduated at Prince ton College in 1795 ; he was for a short time a clerk in a store, but studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1799. His first appointment was that of Prosecutor for the Commonwealth, which he held several years. He was for more than half a century known and honored for his ex traordinary ability in his profession of the law, for his habitual courtesy, his liberal fairness, and his integrity. Elected to Congress, he served there from 1815 to 1823, from 1827 to 1829, and from 1837 to 1842. He was especially famous for his part in the great Missouri Compromise of 1820. For the Panama Congress, Mr. Sergeant was selected by President Adams to represent the United States. The measures of international law which were proposed to be settled in that Congress were deemed so important, that Mr. Clay, the Secretary of State, had filled eighty pages of instructions to Mr. Sergeant on the subject. In 1832 Mr. Sergeant was the Whig candidate for Vice-President, being upon the same ticket with Henry Clay. Forty-nine electoral votes were cast for these candidates. At the outset of Harrison's administration, Mr. Ser geant was tendered the mission to Eng land, which he declined. In the cause of charity he was never appealed to in vain ; and, for many years before his death, took an active interest in all the public affairs of his native city. He died in Philadelphia, November 23, 1852. Sergeant, Jonathan D. - He grad uated at Princeton College in 1762; and was a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Congress, in 1776 and 1777. Died in 1798. Settle, Thomas. He was born in Rockingham County, North Carolina. He was a Representative in the Legisla ture of that State in 1815, and in 1826, 1827, and 1828, at which last session he was Speaker of the House of Commons. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1817 to 1821. In 1832 he was chosen Judge of the Superior Court of Law and Equity, and held the office for twenty years, when he resigned. He was highly esteemed for his many virtues. He died in Rockingham County, August 5, 1857, toged sixty-five. Severance, Luther.'-'H.e was born in Montague, Massachusetts, October 28, 1797; and, having been bred a printer, was the founder and editor of the " Kennebec Journal " from 1825 to 1849, and a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1843 to 1847. He was frequently a mem ber of the Maine Legislature five years in the Assembly, and two years in the Senate and, by President Taylor, was appointed Commissioner to the Sandwich Islands. He died of a cancer, January 25, 1855, at Augusta, Maine. Sevier, Ambrose H. Born in Ten nessee in 1802. He had few early advan tages of education, but he relied on his own energies, and removed to the Terri tory of Arkansas, where, before the age of twenty-one, he was admitted to the bar as an attorney. He was first elected Clerk of the Legislature, and, so soon as he was eligible, was elected a member of that body, first in 1823, and again in 1825. From 1827 to 1836 he was a Delegate to Con gress, from Arkansas ; and when the Ter ritory became a State, in 1836, he was elected a Senator in Congress. He was Chairman for many years, of the Com mittee on Indian Affairs, and afterwards of the Committee on Foreign Relations. He resigned his seat in the Senate in 1848, to accept the appointment, from President Polk, of a special mission to Mexico, to negotiate a peace. He possessed the un bounded confidence of his constituents and party. He died at Little Rock, De cember 21, 1848. Sevier, John, A native of Tennessee, having been born in 1744 ; was an officer in the Revolutionary war, and distinguished himself in the battle at King's Mountain, in 1780. For his services on that occasion, the Legislature of North Carolina, in 1813, voted him a sword. He commanded the forces which defeated the Creek and Cher okee Indians, in 1789. He was afterwards a General in the Provisional army; and, from 1796 to 1801 and 1803 to 1809, Gov ernor of Tennessee ; he was a Represent ative in Congress, from North Carolina, in 1790 and 1791, and from Tennessee from 1811 to 1815, and was then appointed, by President Monroe, one of the Commission ers to ascertain the boundary line of the Creek Territory, and died, while engaged in that service, at Fort Decatur, Septem ber 24, 1815. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Sewall, Samuel. Born in Boston, December 11, 1757. He graduated at Har vard College in 1776 ; was a lawyer by profession, and settled at Marblehead; in 1796 was elected a Representative in Con gress, serving till 1800, when he resigned, and was distinguished in that body by his knowledge of commercial law; was a Presidential Elector in 1801. In 1800 he was placed upon the bench of the Supreme BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 341 Court of Massachusetts, and in 1813 was appointed Chief Justice. He died at Wis- casset, June 8, 1814, where the gentlemen of the bar erected a monument to his memory. Seward, James L. He was born in Georgia, and bred a lawyer. He first entered Congress in 1853, as a Represent ative from Georgia, and continued there to the close of the Thirty-fifth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. Seward, William H.lle was born in Florida, Orange County, New York, May 1C, 1801 ; graduated at Union College in 1820; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1822, and settled at Auburn in 1823, In 1830 he was elected to the State Senate for four years ; in 1834, as a Whig, he was the unsuccessful candidate for Governor of the State ; in 1838 he was re- nominated and elected for two years; was also re-elected for two years, and in 1843 he resumed the practice of his profession at Auburn, attending to business chiefly in the Federal courts. In 1849 he was chosen a Senator in Congress, from New York, for six years, and took his seat at the extra session called to consider the nomination of President Taylor. He was re-elected in 1855 and held the position until he became Secretary of State, under President Lincoln, in 1861. In 1860 he was spoken of as a candidate for the Presidency, and during that year made a pilgrimage to Egypt and the Holy Land. On the night of the assassination of Pres ident Lincoln, April 14, 1865, while con fined to his bed by serious illness, an attempt was made to take his life also. The assassin, named Payne, inflicted a severe wound with a knife, from the effects of which, after much suffering, he finally recovered, and resumed his duties in the cabinet. In 1849 he published the "Life and Public Services of John Quincy Adams ;" and his own life and collected speeches were published in four volumes between 1853 and 1862, edited by George E. Baker. Sewell, James. Was a Representa tive, from Maryland, in the Third Session of the Twenty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of James W. Williams, deceased. Seybert, Adam. lie was a citizen of Philadelphia, and a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1809 to 1815, and again from 1817 to 1819. He died at Paris, May 2, 1825, bequeathing $1,000 for educating the deaf and dumb, and $500 to the Orphan Asylum in Phila delphia. He was a man of science, and was particularly skilful as a chemist and mineralogist. He published Statistical Annals of the United States from 1789 to 1818. Seymour, David L. He was born in Connecticut in 1802; removed to New York, and in 1836 was a member of the State Legislature ; was a Master in Chan cery ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1843 to 1845, and from 1851 to 1853. He was also a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1867. Died at Lanesboro, Massachu setts, October 11, 1867. Seymour, Horatio. Born inLitch- fleld, Connecticut, May 31, 1778; gradu ated at Yale College in 1797; studied law at the Litchfleld school, and settled in Mid- dlebury, Vermont. He was a Judge of Probate, member of the Council, and a Senator in Congress, from Vermont, from 1821 to 1833, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. He died at Middlebury, November 21, 1857. Seymour, Origen S. He was born in Litchfleld, Connecticut, in 1804; was bred a lawyer; served in the State Legis lature and as a Speaker in 1850 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Connect icut, from 1851 to 1855. He was subse quently chosen a Judge of the Superior Court of Connecticut, which office he held for eight years. Seymour, Thomas IT. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1808; was educated at the Middletown Military Academy ; studied law and practised the profession in Hartford; was, for several years, the editor of a leading paper ; was a Judge of Probate ; a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845; in 1846 went to Mexico as a Major of the New England Regiment, which he commanded after the fall of Colonel Ran som ; was with General Scott at the City of Mexico ; was a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and elected Governor of the State in 1850, and re-elected three times ; and was appointed, by President Pierce, Min ister to Russia. Seymour, William. lie was born in Connecticut, served as a member of the New York Assembly in 1832 and 1834, and was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1837. SJiadwicJc, William. lie was a member of Congress, from North Caro lina, during the years 1796 and 1797. Shanldin, George S. He was a Presidential Elector in 1864, and elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on tho Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, the District of Columbia, and the Memphis Riot. 342 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. Shanlcs, John JP. C. Born in Mar- tinsburg, Virginia, June 17, 1826 ; was for the most part self-educated; removed to Indiana, where he studied law, and com menced practice in 1850; was elected to the Indiana Legislature in 1853 and 1854 ; and in 1860 he was elected a Representa tive, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, and on Agriculture. He visited the field of Bull Run, in July, 1861, as a spectator, but became a partici pant; during the subsequent recess of Congress, he served in Missouri as a member of General Fremont's staff, per forming some other military service until he resumed his seat in Congress, in De cember, 1861. He was a Delegate to the Pittsburg "Soldiers' Convention" of 1866 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Union Prisoners, and on those of the Militia and Indian Affairs. Shannon, T7iotnas.He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1826 to 1827. Shannon, Thomas J>. Born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1827; emigrated to Illinois in 1844; in 1849 to California; from 1854 to 1861 was engaged in merchandising; served four sessions in the California Legislature ; and in 1863 he was elected a Representa tive, from California, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was a member of the National Committee appointed to accom pany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Shannon, Wilson. He was born in Belmont County, Ohio, February 24, 1802 ; educated at Athens College, in Ohio, and Transylvania University, in Kentucky; adopted the profession of law, and in 1835 was Prosecuting Attorney for the State of Ohio ; was elected Governor of Ohio in 1837, and again in 1842; by Presi dent Tyler was appointed Minister to Mexico in 1844 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855. In 1855 he was appointed by President Pierce, Governor of the Territory of Kansas. Sharp, Solomon P. He was born in Virginia, but removed to Kentucky when a child ; he received a limited edu cation, but studied law, and was admitted to the bar when nineteen years of age, and was successful ; he served a number of years in the State Legislature ; was Attorney-General of the State ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1813 to 1817. He fell by the hand of an assassin, while a member of the Legislature, in November, 1835, aged fifty- five years; and a legislative reward of $3,000. for the arrest of the murderer, was offered, but in vain. Sharpe, Peter. He was a member of the Assembly of New York from 1814 to 1820, officiating a number of sessions as Speaker; he was also a member of the "State Constitutional Conveution"of 1821 ; a Representative in Congress, from 1823 to 1825 ; and a member of the " Tariff Convention " held in 1827. Sharpe, William. He was a Dele gate, from North Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1770 to 1782. Shaw, Aaron. Born in Orange County, New York, in 1811; a lawyer by profession; was State's Attorney for eight years in the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Illinois ; and was a member of the State House of Representatives in 1840 and 1850. He was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Illinois, serving as a member of the Committee on. the Militia. Shaw, Henri/. He was born in Windharn County, Vermont; studied law with Judge Foot, in Albany, New York, and settled in practice in Lanesborough, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, at the age of twenty-two; he was nominated for Congress before he was eligible, and was subsequently elected, in 1816, to the Sixteenth Congress, and voted for the Missouri Compromise, which prevented his re-election. He was an intimate friend of Henry Clay, and a personal friend and acquaintance of ten of the Presidents of the United States. He was a member of the Massachusetts Legisla ture for eighteen years, also a member of the Governor's Council, and was the pioneer in the manufacturing prosperity of Western Massachusetts. In 1833 he was also a Presidential Elector. In 18 18 he removed to New York, and resided at Fort Washington, on the Hudson ; was a member of the Board of Education in New York City, and two years in the Common Council, and in 1853 was a mem ber of the Assembly. He removed to Newburg in 1854, where he resided until within a few months of his death, which occurred at Peekskill, October 17, 1857, aged sixty-nine years. Shaiv, Henry M. He was born at Newport, Rhode Island, November 20, 1819 ; studied medicine, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania ; removed to North Carolina, and was a State Sena tor in 1852, and a Representative, from that State, in the Thirty-third and Thirty- fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committees on Manufactures and Revolutionary Pensions. During the Re bellion, he served as a Colonel in the Con- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 343 federate Army, and was killed near New- bern, in February, 1864. Shatv, Samuel. He was born in Dighton, Massachusetts, in December, 1768, and removed to Putney, Vermont, at the age of ten years ; he received a limited education ; commenced the study of medicine at the age of seventeen, and in two years entered upon the practice of Lis profession at Castleton, Vermont, and became eminent as a surgeon. He entered early into politics, and was one of the victims of the Sedition Law; for his de nunciation of the administration of John Adams he was imprisoned, and liberated by the people without the forms of law ; and in 1799 was returned as a member of the State Legislature. He was for some time a member of the State Council, and was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1808 to 1813, having suc ceeded J. Wetherell, resigned. He was a personal friend of Jefferson and Madison, and gave his earnest support to the meas ures for the prosecution of the war. On his retirement from Congress he was ap pointed Surgeon in the army, and removed to the City of New York ; he was subse quently stationed at Greenbush, St. Louis, and at Norfolk, and held this office until 1816. As an instance of his physical en durance, it may be mentioned that he, on one occasion, rode on horseback from St. Louis, Missouri, to Albany, New York, in twenty-nine consecutive days. He died at Clarendon, Vermont, October 22, 1827. Shaiv, Trlstam. Born in New Hampshire, in 1787; was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1843 ; and died at Exeter, New Hampshire, March 14, 1843. Sheafe, James. He was born in 1755; was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1799 to 1801; a Senator in Congress in 1801 and 1802, resigning June, 1802; and died at Ports mouth, New Hampshire, in 1829. Sheffer, Daniel. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Sheffey, Daniel. He was born at Frederick, Maryland, in 1770; had a lim ited education ; was bred to the trade of a shoemaker, and settled in Augusta, Vir ginia ; he afterwards studied law, engaged in a lucrative practice, and frequently represented his county in the House of Delegates. He was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1817, and took a high rank. His speech in favor of the renewal of the first Bank of the United States was a masterly pro duction. He was opposed to the war of 1812. He died at his home, December 3, 1830. Sheffield, William P. He was born at New Shoreham (Block Island), Newport County, Rhode Island, August 30, 1820. His education was obtained first at Kingston Academy, and then from a private tutor; studied law at Harvard University, and was admitted to the bar in 1844. In 1841 and 1842 he was elected to Conventions called to frame a State Constitution; in 1845 he was elected, from his native town, to the State Assem bly ; removing his residence to Tiverton, he was again elected to the Assembly in 1849, where he continued to serve until 1853, when he resigned his seat, and set tled in Newport. That city he represent ed in the Assembly from 1857 to 1861, when he was elected a Representative, from Rhode Island, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committees on Commerce, and on For eign Affairs. Shelldbarger, Samuel. Born in Clark County, Ohio, December 10, 1817; graduated at the Miami University, Ohio, in 1841; adopted the profession of law; was a member of the Ohio Legislature in 1852 and 1853 ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Expenses in the Interior De partment. In 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections and Expendi tures in the State Department, and the Special Committees on the Civil Service, and the New Orleans Riots, and as Chair man of the Committee on the Provost Marshal Bureau. He was also a Delegate to the " Philadelphia Loyalists' Conven tion" of 1866, and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittee on the Assassination of President Lincoln. Shepard, Charles B. Born in Newbern, North Carolina, December 5, 1807; graduated at Chapel Hill in 1827; was elected to Congress in 1837, where he continued to serve until 1841 ; and died in October, 1843. Shepard, William B. Born in Newbern, North Carolina, in 1799; edu cated at Chapel Hill; studied law, and became eminent in his profession; was a Representative in Congress from 1827 to 1837, when he declined a re-election ; in 1838 he was elected to the State Senate, and served five terms. He died at Eliza beth City, June 20, 1852. Shepherd, William. Born in Mas sachusetts, December 1, 1737 ; he served six years as a Captain in the Revolution- 344 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. nry army, and distinguished himself at William Henry and Crown Point; in 1783 he was chosen a Brigadier-General, hav ing fought in twenty-two battles ; he was subsequently a Major-General of Militia; and a Representative in Congress from 1797 to 1803. Died at Westflold, Massa chusetts, November 11, 1817. Shepley, Ether. A Senator in Con gress, from Maine, from 1833 to 1836. He was born in Groton, Massachusetts, No vember 2, 1789; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1811; studied law, and com menced the practice in Saco, but subse quently settled in Portland ; he was in the Massachusetts Legislature in 1819; a member of the Convention that formed the lirst Constitution of Maine in 1820; he was, for thirteen years, Attorney of the United States for Maine; after leaving the Senate of the United States, he was chosen a Justice of the Supreme Court of Maine, and subsequently Chief Justice of the same, which latter position he held un til 1855. While on the bench he furnished the materials for twenty-six volumes of Reports, and, as sole Commissioner, was appointed to revise the statutes of Maine. He was Trustee of Bowdoin College, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. Sheplor, Matthias. Born in Penn sylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1837 to 1839. Shepperd, Augustus H. He was born in Surry County, North Carolina; educated a lawyer; served in the House of Commons from 1822 to 1826 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1829 to 1839; again from 1841 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851. Sherburne, John S. He was born in New Hampshire ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1776 ; attended the law school at Harvard ; was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1793 to 1797 ; was United States District Attorney in 1803, and Judge of the United States District Court from 1803 to 1830. He died in 1830, aged seventy-three years. SJieredlne, Upton. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1701 to 1792. Sherman, John. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio, May 10, 1823 ; received a good education ; adopted the profession of law, and came to the bar in 1844. In 1848 and 1852 he was a Delegate to the Whig Conventions of those years; in 1854 he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth ; and, on being returned for the Thirty-sixth Congress, he was the Republican candidate for Speaker, and after an unprecedented contest, wanted only one or two votes to secure his elec tion; and during that Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. In I860 he was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, but in 1861, on the resignation of Senator Chase, he was chosen a Senator in Congress, for the term expiring in 1867, serving as Chair man of the Committees on Agriculture and on Finance, and as a member of those on the Pacific Railroad and the Judiciary. la January, 1866, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1867, and ending in 1873; serving again at the head of the Finance Committee, and on those on the Patent OiFice and the Pacific Railroad. The distinguished General bearing his name is his brother. Sherman, J. W. He was born in New York, and was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Com mittee on Unfinished Business. Sherman, Roger. Born at New ton, Massachusetts, April 19, 1721. He had no advantages for education, yet he was eager in the pursuit of knowledge, and when apprenticed to a shoemaker, he often had a book open before him while at his work. In 1743 he removed to New Milford, Connecticut, carrying his tools upon his back; he soon relinquished his trade, however, and was for a time en gaged in mercantile pursuits. He after wards studied law, and settled in New Haven, and was admitted to the bar in 1754. He was Judge of the County, Su perior, and Supreme Courts for a period of twenty-three years ; and a member of the First Congress, in 1774, and continued a member for many years. He signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and also the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. After the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, in re gard to which he took a prominent part, he was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, and chosen a Senator in 1791, continuing in that station until his death, July 23, 1793. He was a profound and sagacious statesman, an able and upright judge, and an exemplary Christian. He was made Master of Arts by Yale College, and was Treasurer of that institution from 1766 to 1776. Sherman, Socrates N. He was born in Vermont, and elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Com mittee on Expenditures in the Interior Department. Sherrill, Eliakim. llc was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849, and was a member of the Com- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 345 mittee on Manufactures. He served as au officer in the Rebellion, and was killed at the Battle of Gettysburg. Shenvood, Samuel. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815; was a success ful lawyer in Delhi from 1800 to 1833. He died in New York in November, 1862. Sherwood, Samuel B. He was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1786; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819, and died in 1833. Shiel, George K. He was born in Ireland, and was elected a Representative, from Oregon, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Shields, Benjamin G. He was a Representative in Congress, from Alaba ma, from 1841 to 1843. Shields, Ebenezer 7. Born in Georgia, and was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1835 to 1839. Died May 20, 1846. SJiields, James. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1829 to 1831. Died in Butler County, Ohio, in 1831. Shields, James. Was born in Coun ty Tyrone, Ireland, in 1810, and emigrated to America about 1826. He pursued his mathematical and classical studies until the year 1832, when he went to Illinois, and commenced the practice of law at Kaskaskia. In 1836 he was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature, and Auditor of the State in 1839. In 1843 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court; and in 1845 Commissioner of the General Land Office. At the commence ment of the Mexican war he was appoint ed, by President Polk, a Brigadier-General in the United States army, and, for his distinguished services during the course of the war, was promoted to the rank of Brevet Major-General. In 1848 he was appointed Governor of Oregon Territory, which he resigned. In 1849 he was elect ed to a seat in the United States Senate, for the term of six years, from the State of Illinois. He subsequently took up his residence in the Territory of Minnesota, and in 1857 was elected to represent the same in the Senate of the United States, when it became a State, in which position he served two years. During the troubles of 1861 he served as a General in the Union army. Shinn, William N. He was born In New Jersey ; a farmer by occupation ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1337. Shipherd, Zebulon R. Ha was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. Died in Moriah, Essex County, New York. Shippen, William. Born in Penn sylvania; graduated at Princeton College in 1754. Studied medicine in Edinburgh, and on his return, in 1764, he began in Phil adelphia the first course of lectures on anatomy ever delivered in America. He assisted in establishing the Medical School of Philadelphia, and was appointed one of its professors. In 1777 he was ap pointed Director-General of the Medical Department in the army, and was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1778 to 1780. Died in 1808. Shorter, Ell S. Born in Monticel- lo, Georgia, March 15, 1823 ; graduated at Yale College in 1843 ; was a lawyer by profession, but engaged in the planting business. He was elected a Representa tive, from Alabama, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was a member of the Committee on Indian Af fairs. Shower, Jacob. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1853 to 1855. Sibley, Henry H. He was born in February, 1811, in Detroit, Michigan; spent much of his early life on the North western frontier ; was for many years an Indian trader in the employ of the Amer ican Eur Company, at Mackinaw and Fort Snelling; was a Delegate to Congress, from Minnesota Territory, from 1849 to 1853 ; and, having witnessed the progress of Minnesota from a wilderness to an or ganized State, he was elected, in 1857, its first Governor, serving a part of 1858. He was a Brigadier-General of Volunteers during the Rebellion ; commanded an ex pedition against the Minnesota Indians in 1863, and was subsequently brevetted a Major-General of Volunteers. He was also a Delegate to the Cleveland " Soldiers' Convention" of 1866; and in 1867 was appointed a visitor to the West Point Academy. He was the son of Solomon Sibley. Sibley, Jonas. He was born in Sut- ton, Massachusetts, March 17, 1762; for thirty-five years held a variety of town offices ; from 1806 to 1823 was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature ; was an Elector for President in 1820; served again in both houses of the Legislature ; was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1820; a member of Con gress, from Worcester County, Massachu- 346 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. setts, from 1823 to 1825 ; and died at Sut- ton, in that State, February 10, 1834, aged seventy-two years. Sibley, Marte H. Born in Great Barrlngton, Massachusetts, in 1796, and removed to Canandaigua. New York, in 18H. He studied law, and was distin guished as an advocate. lie was a mem ber of the New York Assembly in 1834 and 1835; a Representative in Congress, from 1837 to 1839; subsequently a State Sena!.oi : and in 184t> a County Judge. He- died in Canaudaigua, Mew York, Septem ber 8, 1852. Sibley, Solomon. He was born in Sutton, Massachusetts, October 7, 17G9. He studied law. and removed to Ohio, in 1795, establishing himself first at Marietta, and then at Cincinnati, in the practice of his profession He removed to Detroit in 1797, and in 1799 was elected to the first Territorial Legislature of the North western Territory. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Michi gan, from 1820 to 1823 ; in 1824 he was ap pointed Judge of the Supreme Court, and held the oltice until 1836, when he re signed in consequence of increasing deaf ness. He died at Detroit, April 4~ 1846. He was universally respected for his tal- euts and manifold virtues. Sickles, Daniel E. He was born in New York, in October, 1821 ; acquired the printer's trade, which he followed for some years ; he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1843; in 1847 he was elected to the Assembly of New York, and in 1856 to the State Senate. For a short time, when Mr. Buchanan was the Amer ican Minister in England, he was the Sec retary of that legation ; and was elected a Representative, "from New York, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress; before the expiration of his first term, in February, 1859, he killed Philip Barton Key, for "dishonoring his bed." His trial lasted twenty days, and he was acquitted. He served in the army during the Rebellion, lost a leg in battle, and at tained the rank of Major-General of Vol unteers. In 18G6 he was appointed by President Johnson Minister Resident to the Netherlands, but declined, and was subsequently appointed a Brigadier-Gen eral in the regular army and in 1867 brevetted a Major-General for gallant and meritorious services at Gettysburg. Sickles, NicJiolas. He was born in Kiuderhook, New York; was a Represent ative in Congress, from 1835 to 1837; and died at Kingston, New York, May 13, 1845. Sill, Thomas H. He was a native of Connecticut ; a lawyer by profession ; and settled in the practice at Erie, Penn sylvania, in 1812, He was a member of the Convention to revise the State Consti tution; and a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1829 to 1831, having served in the same capacity for an nnexpircd term iu 1826. In 18^5 and 1849 he was also a Presidential Elector. Silsbee, Nathaniel. Born in Essex County, Massachusetts, in 1773, and died at Salem Massachusetts, July 1, 1850. He was a distinguished and successful mer chant, and frequently elected to the State Legislature, and was for three years Pres ident of the State Senate; he served as a Representative in Congress from 1816 to 1820 ; and was a Senator of the United States from 1826 to 1835; also a Presi dential Elector in 1837. He was the firm supporter of the administration of John Quincy Adams, and when his term expired, Mr. Silsbee offered to vacate his seat in the Senate in his favor, but the ex-Presi dent declined the proposal. Silvester, Peter. He was born in New York ; was a member of the Albany Committee of Safety in 1774, and of the New York Provincial Congress; was a Judge of the Common Pleas in 1776; and elected a member of the First Congress under the Federal Constitution. He was subsequently a State Senator, and died at Kinderhook, January 30, 1845. Silvester, Peter H. He was born at Kinderhook, Columbia County, New York, February 17, 1807; graduated at Union College in 1827; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1830; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1847 to 1851. Simkins, Eldred.lle was born in Edgefleld District, South Carolina, Au gust 29, 1779 ; was educated for the bar at Litchfleld, Connecticut; was partner of Mr. McDuffie; served frequently in the Legislature ; was Lieutenant-Governor of South Carolina in 1812; a General of Militia; and was a Representative in Con gress, from South Carolina, from 1817 to 1821. Died at Edgefield in 1832. Simmons, George A. He was born in New Hampshire; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1816; served a number of years in the Assembly of that State; and was elected a Representative in Con gress to the Thirty-third and Thirty- fourth Congresses, from that State. In 1852 he received from his Alma Mater the degree of LL D., and died October 27, 1857, aged sixty-six years, at Keesville, New York. Simmons, James F. Born in Lit tle Comptou, Rhode Island, September 10, BIOGEAPHICAL RECOBDS. 347 1795. His employments were farming and manufacturing; he was a member of the General Assembly from 1828 to 1841; elected to the United States Senate in 1841, for six years, to March 4, 1847; again chosen for another term, beginning March 4, 1857, but resigned in August, 1802, and served as a member of the Committees cm Claims, on Patents, and the Patent Office, and on Finance. During the Thirty- seventh Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Patents. Died iu Johnson, Ehode Island, July 10, 1864. Simms, William E. Born in Ken tucky ; and elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Militia. Simons, Samuel. He was a Repre sentative iu Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845 ; and died in Bridgeport, Connecticut, January 13, 1847, aged fifty- five years. Simonton, William. He was a member of Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1839 to 1843; and died at South Hanover, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1846. Simpson, Richard F. He was born in South Carolina; and was a Representa tive in Congress from 1843 to 1847. He graduated at the University of South Caro lina in 1816; adopted the profession of law; and before entering Congress had been a member of the Senate of his native State. Sims, Alexander Z>. He was born in Brunswick County, Virginia, June 12, 1803; and died at Kingstree, South Caro lina, November 16, 1848. He went through a course of studies at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and finished his education at Union College, New York. He read and practised law in Virginia; and, removing to South Carolina, taught an academy at Darlington Court House. In 1829 he commenced the practice of law in South Carolina, and became a prominent mem ber of the bar iu that State. He had a taste for politics, and during the Nullifica tion times was active and decided ; and he was a member of Congress, from South Carolina, from 1845 to 1848. He also served in the State Legislature in 1840 and 1842. Sims, Leonard H. Born in North Carolina; and was elected a Representa tive iu Congress, from Missouri, from 1845 to 1847. Singleton, Otho R. Born in Jessa mine County, Kentucky ; graduated at St. Joseph College, Bardstown, Kentucky, and adopted the law as a profession; he was two years in the lower house of the Mississippi Legislature ; six years in the State Senate ; a Presidential Elector in 1852 ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-third Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from the same State, serving as a member of the Joint Committee on Printing. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on, the Committee on Roads and Canals. Joined the great Rebellion in 1861. Singleton, Thomas D. He was elected to Congress, from South Carolina, in 1833, and, while on his way to Washing ton to take his seat in December, he died at Raleigh, North Carolina. SinnicJcson, Thomas. Born in Sa lem County, New Jersey ; received a clas sical education, and was bred a merchant. He served in the Revolutionary war at the battles of Trenton and Princeton, in the capacity of Captain; was for many years a member of the Council and As sembly of New Jersey, and the Presiding Judge of the Court of Common Pleas ; he was a Correspondent of the Committee of Safety during the Revolution ; and a Rep resentative in the First Congress, after the adoption of the Constitution, from, 1789 to 1791, and again from 1797 to 1799; was a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. SinnicJcson, Thomas. Born in Sa lem, New Jersey, December 13, 1786 ; re ceived a common-school education ; com menced active life as a merchant; was a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for twenty years ; a member of the New Jer sey Legislature ; Judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals; ami a Representa tive in Congress during the years 1828 and 1829. Sitgr eaves f Charles. He was born in Easton, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1803; received a liberal education; adopted the profession of law, and settled in New Jer sey; was Major Commandant in the State military service from 1828 to 1838 ; mem ber of the New Jersey Assembly iu 1831 and 1833 ; was a member, in 1834, of the Legislative Council; member and Presi dent of the same iu 1835 ; member of the State Senate from 1852 to 1854; was made a Trustee of the State Normal School in 1855, which he vacated in 1864, when he was elected a Representative, from New Jersey, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Military Affairs. Other offices which he held were as fol lows: Mayor of Philipsburg, in 1861, declining a re-election; President of the Belvidere and Delaware Railroad Com pany ; and President of the Bank at Phil- lipsburg. He was also one of the Repre sentatives designated by the House to attend the funeral of General Scott in 1866. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con- 348 BIOQEAPHICAL ItECOEDS. f/ress, serving on the Committee on Mili tary Affairs. Sitgr eaves, John. He was an offi cer in the war of the Revolution ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from North Carolina, from 1784 to 1785; in 1790 he was appointed Attorney-Gen eral for that State, and soon afterwards was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for the District of North Carolina. Died at Halifax, in March, 1801. Sitgreaves, Samuel. He was born in Philadelphia ; liberally educated ; stud ied law, and settled in Eastou, Pennsylva nia; was a member, in 1790, of the " Con stitutional Convention" of the State; was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1795 to 1798 ; and was then appointed, by President Adams, Commis sioner to treat with Great Britain. Died April 4, 1824. SJcelton, Charles. Born in Penn sylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1851 to 1855. Skinner, Richard. He was born at Litchfleld, Connecticut, May 30, 1788; and received his education at the celebrated law school of his native town ; he was ad mitted to the bar in 1800 ; and removed to Manchester, Vermont. In 1801 he was appointed State's Attorney for Beunington County, and in 1809 Judge of Probate; and was elected a Representative in Con gress from 1813 to 1815; Judge of the Su preme Court in 1816; and Chief Justice in 1817. In 1818 he was elected to the low er branch of the Legislature, and was Speaker. He was Governor in 1820, 1821, and 1822 ; was reappointed Chief Justice In 1824, and resigned in 1829. He died at Manchester, May 23, 1833, much re spected for his public services and pri vate worth. He was President of the North-eastern Branch of the American Education Society; was a member of the Board of Trustees of Middlebury College, from which institution he received the degree of LL.D. He was also interest ed in various local benevolent associa tions. Skinner, orn in Cal edonia County, Vermont, April 4, 1793; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1814; during that year removed to Pennsylvania ; studied law and taught in an academy at the same time; in 1816 was admitted to the bar in Adams County; in 1833 was elected to the State Legislature, and also in 1834, 1835, 1837, and 1841 ; in 1836 was elected a member of the Convention to re vise the State Constitution; in 1838 was appointed a Canal Commissioner; in 1842 he removed to Lancaster; and in 1848 was elected a Representative, from Pennsyl vania, to the Thirty-first Congress, also to the Thirty-second ; and in 1858 was re- elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, and also to the Thirty-seventh, during which he was Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, having previously served on various important committees. In 18G2 he was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, again serving as Chair man of the Committee on Ways aud Means, and also as Chairman of the Spec ial Committee on the Pacific Railroad. He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Convention" of 1864. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Appropriations* as a member of the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and as Chair man of the Committees on a Postal Rail road to New York, on Reconstruction, and Free Schools in the District of Co lumbia. He was a Delegate to the Phila delphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 18G6; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and as Chairman of the Special Committee on Reconstruction. In 1867 he received from Middlebury Col lege the degree of LL.D. He was also one of the Managers in the Impeachment Trial of President Andrew Johnson. Stevenson, Andrew. He was a na tive of Culpepper County, Virginia, and entered public life in 1804 as a member of the State Legislature, where, for several sessions, he was elected Speaker of the House. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Virginia, from 1821 to 1834 ; and for the Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second Congresses, from 1828 to 1834, was Speaker. He was appointed Minister to Great Britain in 1836, and re mained there till he was succeeded by Mr. Everett in 1841. After his return to America he devoted himself chiefly to agricultural pursuits, and to the interests of the University of Virginia, of which institution he was Rector at tlie time of his death. As a friend and neighbor he was much beloved. He died at Blenheim, Albcmarle County, Virginia, January 25, 1857, aged seventy-three. Stevenson, John TF. Born in Rich mond, Virginia, and was the son of An drew Stevenson; graduated at the Uni versity of Virginia ; read law, and settled in Covington, Kentucky, in 1841, practis ing his profession with success ; was elected to the Kentucky Legislature in 1845, 1846, and 1847; in 1849 he was elected to the " State Constitutional Con vention," in which he took a leading part; he was a member of the Democratic Na tional Conventions of 1848, 1852, and 1856; he was twice a Senatorial Elector; and was one of three Commissioners ap pointed to revise the Civil and Criminal Code of Kentucky; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Con gress from that State, and was a member of the Committee on Elections. Ho was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the same committee. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866, and in 1867 he was elected Lt. Gov ernor of Kentucky, -and acted as Gov ernor. Stewart, Andrew. BorninFayette County, Pennsylvania, in June, 1792. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1815; was soon afterwards elected to the State Legislature, and served three years ; he was appointed, by President Monroe, District Attorney for Western Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 182i), from 1831 3G4 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. to 1835, and from 1843 to 1847. In Con gress and out of it, he was ever a warm advocate of what is known as the " Amer ican Protective System," and of late years lie has been devoted chiefly to the con genial pursuits of agriculture, though paying some attention to the business of manufacturing. Stewart, Archibald. He was a Delegate, from New Jersey, to the Conti nental Congress, in 1784 and 1785, to fill a temporary vacancy. Stewart, David. He was a lawyer by profession, and a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from December 6, 1849, to January 12, 1850, by Executive appoint ment, in place of Reverdy Johnson, re signed. Died in Baltimore, Maryland, January 6, 1858. Stewart, James. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, during the years 1818 and 1819. Died in North Carolina in February, 1822, aged fifty-two years. Stewart, James A. He was born in Dorchester County, Maryland, Novem ber 24, 1808 ; received a good education, and studied law; served in the State Leg islature ; was a Judge of the Circuit Court of Maryland; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Maryland, to the Thirty- fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on Patents. He was also elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the same committee. Stewart, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1800 to 1801, for the unexpired term of T. Hartley, and was re-elected to the Seventh and Eighth Congresses. Stewart, John. Born in Chatham, Connecticut, in 1795 ; was by occupation a farmer ; served many years in the Con necticut Legislature ; was Judge or Mid dlesex County Court; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1843 to 1845. Died at Chatham, September 16, 1860. Stewart, Thomas E. He was born in New York City, . September 22, 1824; received a good education; studied law and came to the bar in 1845 ; in 1854 he was elected Commissioner of Common Schools ; in 1864 and 1865 he was elected a member of the State Assembly, and in 1866 he was elected a Representative from New York to the Fortieth Congress, serv ing on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Stewart, William. He was born in the town of Mercer, Mercer County, Penn sylvania, September 16, 1811; was edu cated at Jefferson College, in that State; studied law. and was admitted to practice in 1835. He was a member of the State Senate of Pennsylvania for three years, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and re-elected to the Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Committees on Ex penses in the War Department, and on Agriculture. Stewart, William M. Born in Wayne County, New York, August 9, 1827 ; removed with his father to Ohio in 1835 ; left home in his thirteenth year, and prepared himself for college, chiefly in New York; entered Yale College in 1848, where he remained eighteen months, and then left for the gold fields of California. He spent two years in the mining busi ness ; in 1852 commenced reading law, and during that year was appointed District Attorney for the County of Nevada, and was subsequently elected to the same office ; in 1854, during the absence of the Attorney-General of California, he was appointed to perform the duties of that office ; he next spent about eighteen months practising 'his profession in San Francisco ; after that he did the same in Nevada City and Downieville ; in 1860 he removed to the then Territory of Utah (now Nevada) ; served in the Territorial Legislature in 1861; was also a member of the " Constitutional Convention " held in, 1863, and was elected a Senator in Con gress, from Nevada, for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1869, serv ing on the Committees on the Judiciary, Public Lands, Pacific Railroad, and Mines and Mining. In 1865 he received from Yale College the degree of Master of Arts. Stiles, John D. Was born in Lu- zerne County, Pennsyh'ania, January 15, 1823; received an academic education; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1844; in 1853 he was elected District Attorney for Lehigh County, and held the office three years ; he was a Delegate in 1856 to the " National Convention " which nominated Mr. Buchanan for President, and was elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the unexpired term of his friend, T. B. Cooper, deceased, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims. In 1862 he was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Expenditures in the State Department, and Revolutionary Claims. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864, and to the Philadel phia "National Union Convention" of 1866. Stiles, William If. He was born in Savannah, Georgia ; received a good edu cation, and adopted the profession of law; in 1833 he was elected Solicitor-General of the Eastern District of the State, which. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 365 resigned in 1736 ; he was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1843 to 1845 ; and by President Polk he was ap- poimed Charge d'Att'aires to Austria, of which country, after his return, lie pub lished a history. He served as a Colonel in the great Rebellion, and died at Savan nah oil the 20th day of December, 18G5. f Thomas N. BorninStil- \vell, Butler County, Ohio, August 29, 1830; educated at Oxford and College Hill, Ohio; studied law in that State, and removed to Indiana in 1852, when he was admitted to the bar; in 1856 he was elect ed to the Legislature of Indiana; was subsequently engaged in the banking busi ness ; served one year as an officer in the war for the Union; and in 1864 was elect ed a Representative from Indiana to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Invalid Pensions. In 1867 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister Resident to Venezuela. St. John, Daniel B. Born in Sharon, Litchfleld County, Connecticut, Octobers, 1808; removed to New York; became a merchant's clerk, and then fol lowed the mercantile business until 1847; in 1839 was elected to the State Legisla ture ; served four years as a member of the Board of Supervisors for Sullivan County ; and was a Representative, from New York, to the Thirtieth Congress. From 1849 until 1855 he had charge of the Bank Department of New York, since which time he has been devoted to agri cultural pursuits in Newburg, New York. St. John, Henry. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 1847. St. Martin, Louis. He was born in Louisiana, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. StocMon, John P. Born in Prince ton, New Jersey, August 2, 1825, his father and grandfather having both served in the United States Senate, and his great grandfather having been one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He graduated at Princeton College in 1843; studied law, was licensed to practise in 1846, and came to the bar in 1849. He was appointed by the Legislature of New Jersey to revise the laws of the State ; was for several years the Reporter in Chancery, and published three volumes, which bear his name ; was appointed, by President Buchanan, in 1858, Minister Resident to Rome, but, on the election of President Lincoln, asked to be recalled; since which time, until elected a Senator in Congress from New Jersey in 1865, for the term end ing in 1871, he has been devoted to his profession. In the Senate he served on the Committee on Pensions. On the question of his right to the seat in the Senate there was a long debate, and he was admitted by the vote of 22 to 21, the deciding vote, owing to peculiar circumstances, having been cast by himself. The question, how ever, was reconsidered, he withdrew his vote, and then by a vote of 22 to 21 he lost his seat March 27, 1866. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ' ; National Uuiou Convention" of 1866. Stockton, Richard. Re was born in Princeton, New Jersey, October 1, 1730 graduated at Princeton College in 1748; adopted the profession of law and became eminent; was appointed n Judge, both under the Provincial government and after the adoption of the Constitution ; he was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence. Died February 28, 1781. His son, bearing his name, a grandson, and great-grandson succeeded him as members of the Federal Congress. Stockton, Richard. Born at Prince ton, New Jersey, April 17, 1764, and grad uated at Nassau Hall in 1779 ; on leaving college he studied law, and was admitted to practice at the age of twenty. In 1792 and 1801 he was a Presidential Elector. He was a Senator of the United States from 1796 to 1799, and a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1815. In 1827 he was a Commissioner for settling the boun dary line between New York and New Jersey. He was eminently distinguished for his talents, was an eloquent and pro found lawyer, and during more than a quarter of a century was at the head of the bar in New Jersey. He died at Princeton, March 7, 1823. Stockton, Robert Field. He was born at Princeton, New Jersey, in 1795. Early in life he entered the United States Navy,and was actively engaged in some of the most important naval battles during the war of 1812. He commanded the Amer ican squadron on the coast of Africa, and he was one of the founders of the Colony of Liberia. He was one of the first of our commanders to introduce and apply steam to naval purposes, the famous sloop-of- war Princeton having been built under his supervision. When war was declared with Mexico, he was placed in command of our fleet in the Paciflc.and performed the duties of Commodore, General, and Governor, and the foundations of religion, education, and social progress were laid by his instru mentality in many of those outposts of our Western world. Soon after his return from the Pacific, he resigned his commission in the navy, and devoted himself to the inter nal improvement of his native State. He was elected United States Senator for the term from 1851 to 1857, but resigned in. 3G6 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. \ 1853, serving as a member of several im portant committees. The bill to abolish Hogging in the navy was introduced by him. He was also elected a Delegate to the "Peace Congress "in 18C1. He was President of the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company from the time he left the Senate until his death, which occurred at Princeton, New Jersey, October 7, 18G6. Stoddard, Ebenezer.-Vorn in West Woodstock, Connecticut, May 6, 1786, and graduated at Brown University in 1803; he was a lawyer by profession, and prac tised extensively ; had several years been a member of the State Legislature ; and was Lieutenant-Goveruorof the State for one year. He was a Representative in Congress from 1821 to 1825, and died at Woodstock, August, 1848. \ Stoddart, John T. He graduated at Princeton College in 1810 ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1833 to 1835, and a member of the Committees on Claims, and the District of Columbia. StoJcely, Samuel. He was born in Ohio; received a liberal education; adopt ed the profession of law; served in the State Legislature ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from Ohio, from 1811 to 1843, serving on two prominent commit tees. Stokes, Montford. Born in North Carolina in 1760; was for several years Clerk of the Superior Court, and subse quently of the Senate ; in which capacity he became so popular as to bo elected to the United States Senate, which honor he declined. He was again elected in 1816 to the same position and served until 1823. In 1826 he went into the General Assembly as Senator; in 1823 into the Commons; also in 1830, when he was elected Gover nor of the State. In 1831 he was appointed, by President Jackson, Indian Agent in Arkansas, where he died in 1842. StoJces, William B. He was born in Chatham County, North Carolina, Sep tember 9, 1814; received when young only a limited education; has devoted the most of his life to agricultural pursuits; served three sessions in the Legislature of Tennessee, twice as a Representative and once as a Senator; and was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. During the Rebellion of 18G1 he served as a Colonel in the Union army. In 1865 he xvas re-elected a Representative, from Ten nessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not admitted to his stat until near the close of the first session of that Congress, when he was placed on the Committee on Elections. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1806. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Claims. Stone, Alfred I*. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1844 to 1845. By profession he was a mer chant; at one time Treasurer of the State of Ohio; was appointed, by President Lin coln, a Collector of Internal Revenue ; and died, by taking poison, at Columcus, Ohio, August 2, 1865. Stone, David. Born in Bertie Coun ty, North Carolina, February 17, 1770; graduated at Princeton College, in 1788; studied law, and rose to a high position at the bar. He was four years in the State Legislature; Judge of the Supreme Court from 1795 to 1798; a Representative in Congress, from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Congress, from 1801 to 1807; Governor of North Carolina in 1808 ; and served a sec ond time as United States Senator from 1813 to 1814, which position he resigned on account of disagreements with his constituents. Died October 7, 1818. Stone, FredericJc. He was born in Maryland, his grandfather, Thomas Stone, having been in the Continental Congress, and another ancestor, William Stone, Deputy Governor of Maryland, under Lord Baltimore. He was liberally educat ed chiefly in Georgetown, 1). C., and adopted the profession of law; in 1851 he was tendered the office of Deputy District Attorney for his County, but declined; in. 1852 he was appointed, by the Legislature, one of the Commissioners to revise and simplify the Rules of Reading and Prac tice in -the Courts of Maryland; in 1855 and 1856 he was a member of the State Legislature ; was a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1864, but declined to accept; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from Maryland, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Laud Claims and on Education and Labor. Stone, James. Born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. Stone, James IF. Born in Ken tucky, in 1813, and died October 13, 1854. He was a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845, and again from 1851 to 1853. Stone, Michael. lie was born in Charles County, Maryland, about the year 1750, and died in 1812. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from his native State, from 1789 to 1791; and was subsequently, for many years, Judge of the Charles County Court. He was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. BIOGBAPIIICAL KECOEDS. 3G7 Stone, Thomas. Born at Pointon, Manor, Charles County, Maryland, in 1743 ; received a liberal education and adopted the profession of law; early joined the patriots of the Revolution ; Avas a Delegate to the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1770, and in 1784 and 1785; was a signer of tlie Declaration of Independence ; in 1778 he was chosen to the Maryland Leg islature ; was a Delegate to the Conven tion which framed the Federal Constitu tion ; and died October 7, 1787. Stone, William. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1838 to 1839. Storer, Bellamy. He was born in Portland, Maine, about the year 1798 ; graduated at Bovvdoin College, from which he subsequently received the degree of LL.D. ; removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, when twenty-one years ol age ; studied law, and practised the profession ; was a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1835 to 1837; was a Presidential Elector in 1844; since which time he has served three terms as a Judge of the Superior Court in the District of Cincinnati. He is also a Pro fessor in the Cincinnati Law College. Storer, Clement. He was born in 17GO, and died at Portsmouth, New Hamp shire, November 22, 1830. He was a United States Senator, from New Hamp shire, from 1817 to 1819. Storrs, Henry It. Bora in Middle- town, Connecticut, in 1787. He graduated at Yale College in 1804; practised law some years at Utica, New York ; and, dur ing his residence there, was a Representa tive in Congress from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1831. He afterwards estab lished himself in the City of New York, where he soon became a very eminent practitioner in his profession. He was possessed of extensive and various ac quirements, uncommon powers of discrim ination, great logical exactness, and a ready and powerful elocution ; and, as a debater in Congress, he stood conspicuous in the first rank. He died July 29, 1837, at New Haven. Storrs, William L. He was born in Middletown, Connecticut, March 25, 1795; graduated at Yale College in 1814; adopted the law as a profession ; was a Representative in Congress, from Con necticut, from 1829 to 1833, and again from 1839 to 1840; was Judge of the Su preme Court of Connecticut from 1840 to 1856; and Chief Justice from 185G until his death, which occurred at Hartford, June 25, 1861. He was also Professor of Law in Yale College, in 1846 and 1847. Story, Joseph. Born in Marble- head, Massachusetts, September 18, 1779. He graduated at Harvard College in 1798 : studied law; was a member of the State Legislature in 1805, and elected Speaker; and during the years 1808 and 1809 he was a Representative in Congress. In 1811 he was appointed, by President Mad ison, a Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States, which office he held until his death. He acquired a large fortune from his practice as a lawyer, and it is said that his income from the sale of his legal writings, which are numerous and of the highest order, numbering twenty- seven volumes, with thirty-four volumes of Decisions, has amounted to ten thou sand dollars per annum. In 1830 he was appointed Dane Professor in the Law School of Harvard University, and subse quently published his Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States. In early life he was a writer of poetry, and, in his later years, was considered, even in England, "the first of living writers on law." He received the degree of LL.D. from the Colleges of Harvard, Brown, and Dartmouth. He died in Cambridge, September 10, 1845. His Life was pub lished by his son, W. W. Story, in 1851. Stout, Lansing. Born in Pamelia, New York, March 27, 1828; received a limited education, and commenced active life by working on a farm and teaching school ; became a Superintendent of pub lic schools, and studied law ; went to Cali fornia in 1851, and in 1856 was elected to the California Legislature; in 1857 he went to Oregon, and turned his attention to the practice of law ; in 1858 was elected Judge of Multnomah County; and before the close of that year was elected a Repre sentative from Oregon to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Expenses in the State De partment, and of the Special Committee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States. Stow, Silas. He was a Representa tive in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813. Stower, tToJin G. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829, and was a State Sena tor from Madison County in 1833 and 1834. Stranahan, J. S. T. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Strange, Robert. Born in Virginia, September 20, 1796; educated atliampden Sidney College ; studied law, and removed to North Carolina, where he took a high position in his profession ; he served a number of years in the State Legislature; was elected in 1826 a Judge of the Supe rior Court; and held the office until he 368 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. was elected a Senator of the United States, from 183G to 1841, but resigned his seat in 1840, having received from his State instructions incompatible with his ideas of duty. He was subsequently ap pointed Solicitor for the Fifth Judicial District of the State, and, toward the close of his life, was wholly devoted to his profession. He was the author of a novel, printed for private circulation, entitled " Eoneguski; or, " The Cherokee Chief." He died in 1854. Stratton, Charles C. Born in New Jersey in 1796 ; was an active politician ; served a number of years in the State Legislature; and was a Representative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was also a member of the " Constitutional Convention" of 1844, and Governor of New Jersey from 1844 to 1848, after which he retired to his farm in Gloucester County, where he died, March 30, 1859. He was a candidate for election to the Twenty- sixth Congress, and, although he appeared with the broad seal of his State, he was not admitted. Stratton, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1801 to 1803. Stratton, John L. N. Born in Mount Holly, Nc\v Jersey, in 1817 ; gradu ated at Princeton College in 1836 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839 ; and in 1858 he was elected a Representa tive from New Jersey to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Elections, and the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebel lious States. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Ways and Means, and on National Armories. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Stratton, Nathan T. Born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1851 to 1855. Straub, Christian M. Born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Street, Randall S. He was born in Catskill, New York, in 1780; and, after receiving a good education, studied law and settled in the practice of the profes sion at Poughkeepsie. In 1810 he was appointed a District Attorney for the State, and reappointecl in 1813, but soon afterwards, as Major and Lieutenant-Colo nel, served in the array during the war with England. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821, and occupied a high position as such ; he was also promoted to the rank of General of the Militia. In 1323 he re moved to Monticello, in Sullivan County, where he continued to reside, in the prac tice of his profession, until his death, which occurred in 1841. He was the father of the gifted poet Alfred B. Street, and a relation also of Augustus R. Street, who founded the Fine Art Gallery of Yale College. Strohin, John* He was born Octo ber 16, 1793, iji Lancaster County, Pennsyl vania, in what is now Fulton Township; received a common-school education, and taught school for six years. In 1831 he was elected a Representative in the Legislature of his native State, serv ing three sessions in the House and eight in the Senate, and during one term as Speaker. He was a Representative in Congress from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866. Strong, Caleb. 'Born in Northamp ton, Massachusetts, January, 1745, and graduated at Harvard College in 1764. In consequence of poor health he did not commence the practice of law for eight years afterwards. He spent his life at Northampton, where his paternal ances tors had lived from the year 1659. In 1775 he was a member of the Committee of Safety ; and in 1780 he was chosen one of the Council of Massachusetts. In 1779 he assisted in forming the Constitution of that State; and in 1787 he also assisted in forming the Constitution of the United States, but did not sign that instrument. From 1789 to 1797 he was a Senator in Congress, and from 1800 to 1807 he was Governor of the State; also, from 1812 to 1816; and a Presidential Elector in 1809. Governor Strong was a man of unimpeach able moral character, and he possessed a vigorous and well-cultivated mind. He died November 7, 1819. Strong, James. lie was born in Windham, Connecticut, in 1783, and graduated at the University of Vermont in 1806; was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1819 to 1821 ; and again from 1823 to 1831. He died in Chester, New Jersey, August 8, 1847. Strong, Jededlah. He was a Dele gate, from Connecticut, to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to 1784. Strong, Selah B. He was born in Brookliaven, Long Island, May 1, 1792; graduated at Yale College in 1811 ; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1814; was at one time Attorney for Suffolk County; a Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1845 ; and was appointed, in. BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 369 1847, a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York. Strong, Solomon. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachusetts from 1815 to 181ft. He was also a mem ber of the State Legislature in 1812, 1813, 1843, and 1844 ; Judge of the Court of Com mon Pleas from 1818 to 1842 ; and died Sep tember 16, 1850, aged seventy-one years. Strong, Stephen. He was born in Connecticat, and was a Representative in Congress, Tiom New York, from 1845 to 184 r. Strong, Theron 12. He was born in Connecticut ; served in the Assembly of New York, from Wayne County, in 1842 ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1839 to 1841. Strong, William. He was born in Windham County, Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ver mont, from 1811 to 1815, and again from 1819 to 1821. He was also a Sheriff for eight years in Hartford County ; Judge of the same County ; and member of the State Legislature for eight years. Strong, William. Born in Somers, Tolland County, Connecticut, May C, 1808. Educated at Plainfleld Academy and at Yale College. After graduating, in 1828, he taught school in Connecticut and in New Jersey, meanwhile studying law ; was admitted to the bar in Philadelphia, in 1832, and soon after began to practise law in Reading, Berks County, Pennsylva nia. He was elected, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirtieth and to the Thirty-first Congresses. Upon retiring from Con gress he resumed his profession, and con tinued in the practice until 1857, when he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania for fifteen years. In 1867 he received from Lafayette College the degree of LL.L). Str 'other, George F.He was a na tive of Culpepper County, Virginia, a law yer by profession, and a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1817 to 1820, when he was appointed Receiver of Public Moneys at St. Louis, Missouri. Str other, James F. He was born In Culpepper County, Virginia, September 4,1811; received a collegiate education, and adopted the profession of law. He seryed ten years in the Legislature of Vir ginia, having occupied the chair of Speak er during the sessions of 1847 and 1848. He was a member, in 1850, of the Con vention which formed the present Consti tution of the State; and a Representative in Congress from 1851 to 1853. Died in Culpepper County, September 20, I860. Strouse, Myer. Was born in Ger many, December 16, 1825 ; came with his father to the United States in 1832, and settled in Pottsville, Pennsylvania; re ceived an academic education and studied law ; from 1848 to 1852 he edited a news paper in Philadelphia called "The North American Farmer," after which he devoted himself to the practice of his profession ; and in 1862 he was elected a Represent ative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Roads and Canals. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, Expenses in the Interior Department, and Mines and Mining. StrudtvicJc, William E.IIe was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 179G to 1797. Stuart, Alexander II. H. He was born in Stauntou, Virginia, April 2, 1807; his early education was received at the Staunton Academy, and in 1824 he spent one session at William and Mary College ; he then commenced the study of law, which he finished at the University of Virginia, in 1828, and was admitted to practice in Stauntou in that year. His po litical career began as a member of the "Young Men's Convention" in Washing ton, in 1832. In 1836 he was elected a member of the House of Delegates, of Virginia, from the County of Augusta, and was re-elected in 1837 and 1838. In 1839 he declined a re-election, and pur sued the practice of law. He took an active part in the canvass cf 1840 for President Harrison. In 1841 he was elected a Representative in Congress from Virginia, and served till 1843. In 1844 he delivered the annual address be fore the American Institute in New York City. He was Presidential Elector on the Clay ticket in 1844, having been, from the outset of life, a devoted personal friend of that statesman. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1848. In 1850 he was invited, by President Fillmore, to fill the oflice of Secretary of the Interior, which he held until 1853, and then re turned to his profession in Staunton. In 1856 he was a member of the Convention which nominated Mr. Fillmore. In 1857 was elected to the State Senate of Vir ginia for four years, and devoted himself especially to the subject of internal im provements. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Con vention" in 1866. Stuart, Andrew. Horn in Penn sylvania; and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1853 to 1855. Stuart, Arc7iibald.H.Q was bora 370 BIOGRAPHICAL EECORDS. in Virginia, and elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Stuart, Charles 72. He was born in Columbia County, New York, Novem ber 25, 1810, and adopted the profession of law. He was a member of the Michi gan Legislature in 1812; a Representative in the Thirtieth and Thirty -second Con gresses ; and was elected, in 1853, for six years, a Senator in Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lauds. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " National Union Conven tion " of I860. Stuart, David. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from Michigan, from 1853 to 1855. Stuart, John T. Was born in Fay- ette County, Kentucky, November 10, 1807; graduated at the Centre College, Danville, in 182G; and, having studied law, settled in Illinois, where he has since practised his profession. In 1832 and 1834 he was a member of the Illinois Leg islature ; he was elected a Representative, from Illinois, to the Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh Congresses, serving on the Committee on Territories. In 1848 he was elected to the State Senate, serv ing four years; and in 1862 he was re-elected a Representative to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Commit tee on Foreign Affairs. Stuart, Philip. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1811 to 1819. Sturgeon, Daniel. lie was a Sen ator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1840 to 1851, serving on a great variety of committees. Sturgis, Jonathan. Born at Fair- field, Connecticut, August 23, 1740; grad uated at Yale College in 1759, and became a lawyer. In 1775 he was chosen a Del egate to Congress; he espoused and supported the cause of Independence, and was a Representative in Congress from 1789 to 1793, when he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of Connect icut, and continued in the office until 1805. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1797 and 1805 ; and the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Yale College. He died at Fairfield, October 4, 1819. Sturgis, Lewis Burr. Born in Fairfield, Connecticut, in 17G2, and grad- tiated at Yale College in 1782. He was a Representative in. Congress, from Connect icut, from 1805 to 1817; and subsequent ly emigrated to the State of Ohio. He died.in Norwalk, Ohio, March 30, 1844. Sullivan, George. He was born in Durham, New Hampshire, in 1772 ; grad uated at Harvard University in 1790, and commenced in early life the practice of law in Exeter, which he continued for more than forty years, and acquired a high reputation. He was a Representa tive in the General Court in 1805 and 1813 ; a Representative in Congress in 1811 and 1812 ; and a member of the State Senate in 1814 and 1815. He was twenty-one years Attorney-General of the State, which office he resigned in 183G. He died at Exeter, June 14, 1838, highly esteemed for his talents and public usefulness. Sullivan, James. Born in Ber wick, Massachusetts (now Maine), April 22, 1744; was educated by his father; he was a lawyer by profession; settled at Bedford, and was King's Attorney for the County of York. He took an active part on the side of his country during the Rev olution. In 1775 he was a member of the Provincial Congress, and in 177G was ap pointed Judge of the Superior Court; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1782; a member of the Executive Council, and Judge of Probate. In 1790 was ap pointed Attorney-General, which office he retained till 1807, when he was elected Governor of the State. He was the author of a " History of Maine ; " a " Dis sertation on Banks, and on the Suability of States;" "History of Land Titles in Massachusetts;" a "Dissertation on the Constitutional Liberty of the Press ; " and a " History of the Penobscot Indians." Died December 10, 1808. Had the title of LL.D. Sullivan, John. Born in Massa chusetts, February 17, 1740; and died ia New Hampshire, January 23, 1795. He settled, as a lawyer, in that State; at tained the rank of Major-General in the Revolutionary army ; was captured at the battle of Long Island, and commanded a division at Trenton, Brandyvvine, and Germantown, and also an expedition against the Indians. He was a Delegate, from New Hampshire, to the Continental Congress, in 1774 and 1775, and again in 1780 and 1781 ; three years President of New Hampshire ; and in 1789 he was ap pointed a Judge of the District Court, which office he "held until his death. Summers, George W. He was born in Fairfax County, Virginia, near Alexandria, but has lived from infancy in Kanawha County, in the western part of the State. He was educated for the legal profession, and came to the bar in 1827. In 1830 he was elected a member of the House of Delegates, and continued to represent Kanawha County in the Legis lature for several years. He was elected to the House of Representatives in the spring of 1841, and re-elected in 1843, BIOGEAPIIICAL EECOEDS. 371 serving throughout the Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses. In 1850 he was elected a member of the State Con vention which framed the present Con stitution of Virginia. In 1851 he was unanimously nominated as the Whig candidate for Governor at the Hrst elec tion of the Governor by the people, that officer having been previously chosen by the Legislature, but was defeated. In May, 1852, he was elected Judge of the Eighteenth Judicial Circuit in Virginia, and, having served in that capacity for six years, lie resigned his office July 1, 1858, there being two years of the term for which he had been elected unexpired. He has of late devoted himself to agri culture and the practice of law, and was a Delegate to the "Peace Congress " of 1861. Sumner, Charles. Was born in Boston, Massachusetts, January 6, 1811 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1830; spent the three following years at the Cambridge Law School ; had the editorial charge for three years of the " American Jurist; " was admitted to the bar in 1834, and settled in Boston ; was subsequently the Reporter of the United States Circuit Court, and published three volumes, which now bear his name ; was for three winters a teacher at the Cambridge Law School; soon afterwards edited "Dunlap's Trea tise on Admiralty Practice ; " and about this time declined a Professorship ten dered to him by his Alma Mater. In 1837 he visited Europe, was received with marked attention in England, and re mained abroad until 1840. During the years 1844-'46 he produced an edition of " Vesey's Reports," in twenty volumes; from that time onward he frequently ap peared in public as a speaker on vari ous philanthropic and literary subjects, and two volumes of his orations were published in 1850. In 1851 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Massachu setts ; in 1856, for words uttered in debate on the subject of Slavery, he was as saulted at his desk in the Senate Cham ber, by Preston S. Brooks, a Represent ative from South Carolina, from the effects of which his health suffered, and he again visited Europe, having been, just before his departure, re-elected for a second term to the Senate. In 1853 he published a work on " White Slavery in the Barbary States," and in 1856 a volume of " Speech es and Addresses." In 1863 he was re- elected to the Senate for the third term, ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and on several other important committees; and was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists' Convention" of 186G. Sumter, TJiomas.A distinguished soldier of the American Revolution ; was a citizen of South Carolina: and was promoted by Governor Rutledge, in 1780, from the office of Colonel to that of Brigadier-General. For his services he received the thanks of Congress, and the applause of his country. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from South Car olina, from 1789 to 1793, and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac; and in 1801 he was elected a Senator in Congress, serving until 1809, when he was appointed Minister to Brazil. He died suddenly, June 1, 1832, aged ninety-seven. Sumter, Thomas D. Born in Pennsylvania; and elected a Representa tive in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1840 to 1843. Sutherland, Joel B. He was a Representative in Congress, from Phila delphia County, Pennsylvania, from 1827 to 1837, and was Chairman of the Com mittee on Commerce during the Twenty- fourth Congress. Died in Philadelphia, November 15, 1861. Sutherland, Josiah. He was born in New York, and was elected a Repre sentative to the Thirty-second Congress from that State. Swan, John. He was a Delegate, from North Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1787 to 1788. Swan, Samuel. Born in Somerset County, New Jersejs in 1771 ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1821 to 1831 ; and died at Brunswick, New Jersey, August 24, 1844. SwanwicJc, Jo7in.He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1795 to 1798. having resigned before the expiration of his second term. Swart, Peter. He was a member of the New York Senate, from Schoharie County, from 1817 to 1820; and had been a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809. Swearlngen, Henry. Born in Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1841. Swearlngen, Thomas I 7 ". He was born in Jefferson County, Virginia; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1819 to 1822, when he died in Virginia. Sweat, Lorenzo D. M. Born in Parsonsville, York County, Maine, May 26, 1818; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1837, and at the Harvard Law School in 372 BIOGEAPHICAL BECOKDS. 1840 ; during the next two years he prac tised law in New Orleans ; in 1856 and I860 he was a City Solicitor in Portland ; in 1SG2 a member of the State Senate ; and was elected a Representative, from Maine, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Phila delphia " National Union Convention" of 186G. Sweeny, George. Born in Pennsyl vania; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1843. Sweetser, Charles. Born in Ver mont; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1849 to 1853. Siuift, Benjamin. He was born in Amcnia, New York, April 5, 1781; he" re ceived an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Ben- niagton in 180G ; he was settled for a time in Manchester, and subsequently in St. Albans, where he rose to eminence in his profession. In 1813 and 1814, 1825 and 182G, he was a Representative to the Gen eral Assembly ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Vermont, from 1827 to 1831. He received the degree of A.M. from Middlebury College in 1820, and was a member of the Coporation of that insti tution from 1830 to 1839. In 1833 he was elected to the Senate of the United States for six years, after which he retired to private life. While in apparent good health he died suddenly, in an open Held on his farm, November 11, 1847. Swift, Zephaniah.Ile was born in Wareham, Massachusetts, in 1759 ; grad uated at Yale College in 1778, and estab lished himself as a lawyer at Windhaui, Connecticut, where his superior talents giined him a lucrative practice in his pro fession. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, from 1793 to 1797 ; and in 1800 was Secretary to Ells worth, Davie, and Murray, in their mis sion to France. Soon after his return he was placed on the bench of the Superior Court of the State, where he continued eighteen years, during the last five of which he was Chief Justice. He was afterwards a member of the State Legis lature, and was one of the Committee to revise the Statute Laws of the State. He was also a Delegate to the " Hartford Con vention." He published several works; among them was a " Digest of the Laws of Connecticut, on the model of Black- stone." He died at Warren, Ohio, Sep tember 27, 1823. Swoope, Jacob. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1809 to 1811. Swoope, Samuel F. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Si/7ces, George. He was born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847". SyJces, James. He was a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Continental Con gress, from 1777 to 1778. Si/mmes, John C. He was a Dele gate, from New Jersey, to the Continental Congress, in 1785 and 178G. Tdber, Stephen. lie was born in Dover, Duchess County, New York (his father, Thomas Taber, having also served in Congress) ; received a good academical education; in 1839 he settled in Queen's County, on Long Island, and was engaged in the pursuit "of farming ; in I860 and 18G1 he was elected to the State Legisla ture ; and in 18G4 he was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the For- lieth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Taber, Thomas. He was born in New York, May 19, 1785; was devoted to agricultural pursuits; a member of the New York Legislature in 1826 ; a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829; and died March 21, 18G2. Taffe, John. Born in Indianapolis, Indiana, January 30, 1827; received a classical education, and adopted t'ie pro fession of law; after a brief residence in Illinois, he removed to Nebraska Terri tory, in 1856; was elected to the Territo rial Legislature in 1858 and 1859, in 1860 he was elected to the Council, aud in the winter of 1861 was made President of that body ; in 1862 he raised a regiment of Cav alry for service against the Indians, and was made a Major, in which capacity he fought at the battle of White Stone Hills in 1863 ; and in 1866 he was elected a Rep resentative from the new State of Ne braska to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Territories, and Indian Affairs. Taggart, Samuel. Born in Lon donderry, Massachusetts, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1774; he studied for the ministry, and settled in Coleraine in 1777. He was elected a Representative in Con gress, from Massachusetts, serving from 1803 to 1817 ; and died in 1825, aged seven- tj r -one years. Tait, Charles. lie was born in Lou isa County, Virginia, but removed at an BIOGEAPHICAL EECOBDS. 373 early age to Georgia. He was for several years a Judge of the Superior Court of Georgia; and a Senator in Congress, from that State, from 1809 to 1819. He distin guished himself as a supporter of the ad ministration of Madison and Monroe. In 1819 lie removed to Alabama, and was ap pointed a Judge of the District Court, when lirst established in that State, which office lie resigned in 1826. He died in Wilcox County, Alabama, October 7, 1835, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. Talbot, Isham. He was born in Bedford County, Virginia, in 1773; re ceived a good education; studied law, and practised with success ; he was a member of the Kentucky Senate from 1812 to 1815 ; from 1815 to 1819 a member of the United States Senate, and for a second term, from 1820 to 1825. He died near Frankfort, September 27, 1837. Talbot, Silas. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1794, when he was appointed, by President Washington, Captain in the navy, having previously served a number of years in the State Assembly from Mont gomery County. Talbott, Albert G. He was born in Kentucky ; and was elected a Representa tive, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Congresses, and was Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures in the War Department, and a mem ber of that on Roads and Canals. Taliaferro, Benjamin. He was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1799 to 1802. Died September 3, 1821. Taliaferro, John. He was boxn in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, in 1768; was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1801 to 1803, from 1811 to 1813, from 1824 to 1831, and from 1835 to 1843. In 1805 and 1821 he was also a Presidential Elector. For three years be fore iiis death he was Librarian of the Treasury Department in Washington. He died at his residence in Virginia, Au gust 18, 1853. Tallmadge, Benjamin* He was born in Suffolk County, New York, Feb ruary 25, 1754. His military services were very" valuable; he acted a prominent part in the capture of Andre ; planned and con ducted the expedition in 1780 which re sulted in the capture of Fort George and the destruction of the British stores on Long Island ; and was a member of Wash ington's military family. After the war, having attained the rank of General, he engaged in mercantile pursuits, and ac quired a large property. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Connecti cut, from 1801 to 1817. He was respected for his public services and private char acter, and died inLitchfleld, Connecticut, March 6, 1835. Tallmadge, FredericJc A. He was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, Au gust 29, 1792; graduated at Yale College in 1811; and, having studied law, settled in practice in New York in 1814. In 183G he was elected an Alderman of the city, and also a State Senator; was, subse quently, five years Recorder of the city; a Representative from New York, in the Thirtieth Congress ; was again Recorder for three years"; and in 1857 "was appointed General Superintendent of the Metropoli tan Police, and was subsequently appoint ed Clerk of the Court of Appeals. Tallmadge, Jr., James. He was born in Stanford, Duchess County, New York, January 28, 1788; graduated at Brown University in 1798; and was by profession a lawyer. He was early in life Private Secretary to Governor Clinton, and during the war of 1812 commanded a portion of the force detailed for the de fence of New York City. From 1817 to 1819 he was a Representative in Congress from New York, and declined a re-elec tion ; he was a member of the Convention which framed the Constitution of the State ; and in 1823 was elected to the As sembly from Duchess County. From 1825 to 1828 he was Lieutenant-Governor, under Clinton, and in 1846 a member of the "Constitutional Convention" of New York. For the last twenty years of his life he was President of the American In stitute in New York. He visited Europe, and benefited the United States by his in troduction of a knowledge of American machinery into Russia, and induced that government to adopt it in their manufac ture of cotton goods. He was one of the founders of the University of New York, and was President of the Council. He was honored with the degree of LL.D. from that institution. He died suddenly in New York City, September 29, 1853. Tallmadge, Nathaniel JP. He was born in Chatham, Columbia County, New York, February 8, 1795 ; graduated at Union College ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1818 ; was a member of the Assembly of New York in 1828 ; of the State Senate from 1830 to 183:> ; a Senator in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1844; and was subsequently appointed, by President Tyler, Territorial Governor of Wisconsin, where he resided, devoted to his profession. Died at Battle Creek, Michigan, November 2, 1864. Tollman, Peleg.He was born at Tiverton, Rhode Island, in 1764; in 1778, at the age of fourteen, he entered into the privateering service for employment; in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 1780 he had his left arm shot off ; and in 1781 he was taken prisoner, and was con fined in Ireland and England until the peace in 1783. He soon afterwards be came commander of a merchant vessel, and, after following a, seafaring life for many years, he devoted himself to the business of a merchant, and acquired a large fortune. He was a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1811 to 1813, aud died at Bath, Maiue, March 8, 1841. TanneJiill, Adainson.He was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1813 to 1815. Died De cember 23, 1820. Tappan, Benjamin. Born at Northampton, Massachusetts, May 25, 1773; was taught the business of copper plate engraving and printing; devoted some attention to portrait-painting; and subsequently studied and adopted the pro fession of law. In 1799 he emigrated to Ohio, and was one of the earliest settlers there ; in 1803 was elected to the Legis lature of the New State; he served in the war of 1812 as Aide-de-camp to General Waclsworth ; was for seven years Presi dent Judge of the Fifth Ohio Circuit; in 3833 he was appointed, by President Jack son, United States Judge for the District of Ohio ; and he was a Senator in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1839 to 1845, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee on the Library. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1833. He died at Steubenville, Ohio, April 12, 1857. Tappan, Mason W. Born in New port, Sullivan County, New Hampshire ; fitted for college, and studied law as a profession ; he was a member of the State Legislature in 1853, 1854, and 1855 ; antl a Representative, from New Hampshire, in the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- elected to the Thirty-fifth and Thirty-sixth, serving as a member of the Committee on the Judiciary, and in the last Congress as Chairman of the Committee on Claims, and as a member of the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866. Tarr, Christian. He was born in Baltimore, Maryland, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1820, to 1821. Tate, Magnus. Be was a Repre sentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1815 to 1817. Tatnall, Edward F. He was born in Savannah, Georgia, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1821 to 1827. Tatnall, JTosiah.tt.e was born at Boqaventure, near Savannah, and died in the West Indies in 1804. His boyhood was full of adventure, and at the age of eighteen he joined the army of General Wayne, at Ebenezer. la 1793 he was ap pointed Colonel of a Georgia Regiment, and in 1800 a Brigadier-General, partici pating extensively in the military affairs of the State, and serving occasionally in the Legislature. He also served, in 1796, at Louisville, in the General Assembly that rescinded the Yazoo Act of 1795, and was a Senator in Congress, from Georgia, from 1796 to 1799. Tatum, Absalom. A Representa tive in Congress, from North Carolina, during the years 1795 and 1796. Taul, Rficah. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1815 to 1817. Taylor, Asher. He was a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Twenty- eighth Congress. Taylor, Caleb JV. He was born in Sunbury, Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1819; from early boyhood he became en gaged in agricultural pursuits, to which he has ever since been devoted, and in which he has been eminently successful. Though never taking an active part in politics, he has served on many occasions as a Presidential Elector ; been a Delegate to various local Conventions ; was a Del egate to the "Chicago Convention" of 1860; and in 1866 he was elected a Rep resentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Territories, and Expenses in the Treasury Department. Taylor, George. Born in Ireland in 1716 ; left his father's house clandestinely and came to Philadelphia, where, as a day laborer, he obtained the money to pay his passage across the Atlantic ; soon became a clerk with the man who had advanced him money ; and in after years married the widow of his benefactor. In 1704 he was elected to the Provincial Assembly at Phil adelphia, serving six years ; he was re- elected to the Assembly in 1775 ; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776 and 1777, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence ; and spent the remainder of his life in retirement. He died at Easton, Pennsylvania, Februa ry 23, 1781. Taylor, George. He was born in Wheeling, Virginia, October 19, 1820, and, after receiving a liberal education, turned his attention to the study of medicine, but subsequently adopted the profession of law; he was admitted to the bar in 1810, and removed to Indiana, where he was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 375 successful as a special pleader. In 1844 he removed to Alabama, and there prac tised liis profession for four years, after which he removed to New York. In 185G lie was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims and on the cost of Public Build ings. As an author, writing upon topics connected with the natural sciences, he has been successful. A work published in 1851, and entitled "Indications of the Creator," has passed through four edi tions, and been highly applauded by the critics of England and France. He has also written much in behalf of popular education, and his collected addresses and lectures make quite a large and inter esting volume. Taylor, John, He was born in Or ange County, Virginia; was distinguished for his attention to agriculture, and pub lished a work entitled " Constructor Con strued: an Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States ; " and was a Senator of the United States, from Virginia, from 1792 to 1794, but was superseded by A. 13. Venable ; also in 1803, and from 1822 to 1824. He died in Caroline Comity, Virginia, August 20, 1824, at an advanced age. Taylor, John. Born in South Car olina in 1770; graduated at Princeton College in 1790; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1793, but turned his attention chiefly to planting; served in the State Legislature a number of years ; was a Presidential Elector in 1797 ; was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1807 to 1809, and also from 1817 to 1821 ; was a Senator in Congress from 1810 to 1816; was a Trustee of the South Carolina College in 1806 ; a State Senator in 1810 and 1822; Governor of the State from 1826 to 1828 ; and died in 1832. He was also at one time Receiver of Public Moneys in Mississippi Terri tory. Taylor, John J. He was born in Massachusetts, and, having settled in New York, was elected a Representative in Congress, from, that State, from 1853 to 1855. Taylor, John . Born in Stafford County, Virginia, March 7, 1805; was educated in the common schools and sem inaries of the neighborhood ; studied law in Washington City, and was admitted to the bar in 1828; settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1829 ; he was for six years Major- Geueral of the Ohio Militia ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1847 to 1855, serving from time to time on important committees. Taylor, John W. Born iu Saratoga County, New York, in 1784, and graduated at Union College in 1803. lie studied law in Albany ; was elected to the State Legislature iu 1811, and while in that body was elected to Congress, where he served from 1813 to 1833. He was Speak er of the House for the second session of the Sixteenth Congress, during the passage of the Missouri Compromise,, and was also Speaker of the Nineteenth Con gress. He was a State Senator in 1841 and 1842, and removed to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1843, where he died in September, 1854. He was for many years a leading and promi nent statesman of New York, and was esteemed for his personal virtues and lib eral hospitality. Taylor, Jonathan* He was a na tive of Connecticut, and, having removed to Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841. Taylor, Miles. He was born in New York, and, having taken up his resi dence in Louisiana, was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Thirty- fourth, Thirty-fifth, and Thirty-sixth Congresses, and he was a member of the Committee on Claims, and on the Judi ciary, and a member of the Special Com mittee of Thirty- three on the Rebellious States; withdrew in February, 1861. Taylor, Nathaniel G. Born in Carter County, Tennessee, December 29, 1819; studied at Washington College in that State, but graduated at Princeton College in 1840; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1843 ; and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1854 to 1855, as the successor of Brookins Campbell. He was also a Presi dential Elector in 1853 and 1860, and was for several years a minister in the Metho dist Episcopal Church South. In 1865 he was re-elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth congress, but was not admitted to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Con gress, serving on two or three Commit tees. In March, 1867, he was appointed, by President Johnson, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Taylor, Nelson. Born iu South Norwalk, Connecticut, June 8, 1821 ; re ceived a common-school education, and adopted the profession of law ; as Captain in the First Regiment New York Volun teers, he fought through the Mexican war ; was elected in 1849 to the State Senate of California; was President of the Board of Trustees of the California Hospital (which subsequently became the State Insane Asylum), from 1850 to 1856; was Sheriff of San Joaquin County, California, in 1853; in 1861 he was mustered into military service as Colonel of the Seventy- 376 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. second Regiment of New York Volun teers; promoted to the rank of Brigadier- General in 1862, and in 1864 was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Select Committee on Frcedmen, and that on Invalid Pensions. Taylor, Hobert.lle was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, his native State, from 1825 to 1827. Taylor, Waller. He was a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, from 1816 to 1825, and died in Lunenburg County, Vir ginia, August 20, 182G. He held offices of trust in the Territory of Indiana, served as Aide-de-camp to General Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was a man of high literary attainments. Taj/lor, William. He was born in Connecticut in 1703; removed with his parents to Onondaga County, New York, when quite young; received a common- school education; was a member in 1812 of a Medical Society, and at one time President of the New York Medical Soci ety, and was a practising physician for lifty years. He was for many years Presi dent of the Board of Supervisors for the State ; a member of the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842, in 1852 and 1853, in the two latter years representing New York City; and he was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1839. Died at Manlius, Onondago County, September 6, 1865. Taylor, William. Re was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Taylor, William. Born in Alexan dria, District of Columbia; adopted the profession of law, which he practiced in Rockingham County; was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1843 to: 1846, having died before the expiration of his second term, in Wash ington City, January 17, 1846. Tazewell, Henry. He was a Sena tor in Congress, from Virginia, from 1794 to 1799, and President pro tern, of the Sen ate during a part of the Third Congress. He died January 24, 1799, in Washington. Tazeivell, Littleton W. Born in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1774; educated at William and Mary College ; studied law, and attained great success in his pro fession ; was a member of the Virginia Legislature in 1798 ; a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1799 to 1801 ; a Senator in Congress, from 1824 to 1832; and Governor of Virginia, from 1834 to 1836. In the Senate he was Chair man of the Committee on Foreign Rela tions, and President pro tern, of that body during a part of the Twenty-second Con gress. In 1820 lie was one of the Com missioners under the Florida Treaty, and his last great effort as a lawyer was made in the Supreme Court of the United States, in what was known as the " Cochi neal Case." He died at Norfolk, Virginia, May 6, 1860. Telfair, Edward. lie was a Dele gate, from Georgia, to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1779, and again from 1780 to 1783, and he was also one of the signers of the Articles of Confedera tion. Telfair, TJtomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1813 to 1817. Died at Savannah, Georgia, in April, 1818; was a graduate of Princeton College in 1805. Teller, Isaac. He was born in New York, in 1798; and was elected a Repre sentative from that State to the Thirty- third Congress, for the unexpiredterm of Gilbert Dean, resigned. Died at Mattea- wan, New York, April 30, 1868. He was riding in a wagon at the time, and died while holding the reins. He retained his sitting posture, and the horse that he was driving continued quietly on his way for over an hour, as it was supposed, after death had ensued, when his condition was observed, and the horse was stopped. Temple, William. Born in Queen Anne County, Maryland, February 28, 1815 ; received a good academic education, and adopted the occupation of a merchant in Smyrna, Delaware. In 1844 he was elected to the State Legislature, and was Speaker of the House; and, the Governor of the State and President of the Senate having died, he became acting Governor for the balance of the term. During the next ten years he was a member of the State Senate, and declined a re-election in 1854; and he was elected a Representa tive, from Delaware, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, but died, before taking his seat, at Smyrna, Delaware, in the summer of 1863. Ten Ej/ck, Egbert. He was born in Rensselaer County, New York, April 18, 1779; graduated at Williams College; studied law in Albany ; was a member of the Assembly in 1812 and 1813, and Speak er; member also of the "Constitutional Convention" of 1822 ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825. He also held the offices of Judge of the Jefferson County Court, and Presi dent of a County Agricultural Society. He died at Watertown, New York, April 11, 1844. TenEycJc, John C. Born in Free- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 377 hold, New Jersey, March 12, 1814; ob tained a classical education under private tutors ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1835. In 1839 he was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas for Burlington County, holding the position for tea years ; he was a member of the New Jersey " Con stitutional Convention" of 1844; and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1859, and ending in 18G5, serving on the Committees on Commerce, and the Judiciary. He was also a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists Con vention" of 1866. Tenney, Samuel. Was bora in By- field Parish, Nevvbury, Massachusetts; and, having received a collegiate educa tion at Harvard University, graduating in 1772, commenced the study of medicine. When the Revolutionary war began, he was found among the asserters of his country's rights, and was present at the battle of Bunker's Hill, where he was em ployed in attending upon the wounded. He served during the whole Avar, and was attached to the Rhode Island line of the Provincial army. At the close of the war he retired from his profession, and settled at Exeter, New Hampshire. For many years he was Judge of Probate ; and in 1800 was elected a Representative from that State in the Congress of the United States, in the place of W. Gordon, re signed, serving until 1807. His death, which occurred in 1816, was universally regretted. An ardent lover of his coun try, a faithful expounder of her laws and institutions, and an elegant scholar, his memory is still fondly cherished by many who knew him. Terr ill, William. He was fre quently a member of the Georgia Legisla ture, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1817 to 1821. Becoming tired of politics, he took great interest in the promotion of agricultural science, and in 1853 he made a donation of twenty thousand dollars for the estab lishment of an agricultural professorship in the University of Georgia, which professor ship bears his name. He was one of the most accomplished and useful citizens of his State, and died at Sparta, Georgia, July 4, 1855. Terri/, Nathaniel. Born in Enfield, Connecticut, in 17G8, and graduated at Yale College in 1786. He resided in Hart ford, Connecticut, and held various offices in his native State; from 1817 to 1819 was a Representative in Congress, and died in New Haven, June 14, 1844. Test, John. He was a native of Salem, New Jersey, and emigrated to Indiana; was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1823 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1831. He was presiding judge of one of the Circuit Courts of In diana; and afterwards removed to Mobile, Alabama, where he gained a high reputa tion for his learning and tafents as a lawyer. He died near Cambridge City, Indiana, October 9, 1849. Thacher, George. Born in Yar mouth, Massachusetts, April 12, 1754; graduated at Harvard College in 1776; studied law, and established himself in practice in Biddeford, Maine ; he was a Delegate to the old Congress, and, on the adoption of the Constitution, served as a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1789 to 1801 ; in 1792 he was elected a District Judge in Maine, serving until 1800, when he was chosen a Judge of the Supreme Court in Massa chusetts ; and he held the latter office until January, 1824, when he resigned, and died on the 6th of April following. He was also a member of the Convention which formed the Constitution of Maine, in 1819. He was a man of superior abili ties, and performed all his duties to the entire satisfaction of the public. He was famous for his wit, and when a bill was reported in Congress respecting the use of the eagle on American coin, he play fully recommended a goose ; for which he was challenged by the reporter of the bill, and the challenge he ridiculed. Thacher, Samuel. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, July 1, 1776; graduated at Harvard University in 1793; adopted the profession of law; was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1802 to 1805. He also served eleven years in the Massachusetts Legislature, and was Sheriff of Lincoln County from 1814 to 1821. In 1866 he was a resident of Baugor, Maine. Thayer, Eli. Born in Mendon, Wor cester County, Massachusetts, June 11, 181.9; graduated at Brown University in 1845 ; was a teacher in the Worcester Academy for three years ; was a farmer by occupation; served as Alderman of the City of Worcester in 1853; he was a Rep resentative in the Massachusetts Legisla ture during the years 1853 and 1854; elected a Representative to the Thirty- fifth Congress, from that State, seining as a member of the Committee on Militia; and was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. He was the founder of the New England Emigrant Aid Society; and has been identified with other societies of a benevolent character. Thayer, John M. He was born in Belliug'ham, Norfolk County, Massachu setts, January 24, 1820; graduated at Brown University ; studied law, and prac tised the profession ; removed to the Territory of Nebraska in 1854, where he 378 BIOGRAPHICAL HECOED8. soon became Brigadier-General of Militia ; was a member of the " Territorial Consti tutional Convention;" was subsequently elected to the Territorial Legislature; commanded a regiment of Infantry during the Rebellion, and, for meritorious services at Fort Donelson and Sliiloh, he was pro moted to the rank of Brigadier-General of Volunteers. He also served with dis tinction at Vicksburg and Chickasaw Bayou, and for these additional services he was promoted to the rank of Major- General of Volunteers ; and, on the ad mission of Nebraska into the Union, as a State, he took his seat in Congress, as a Senator, for the term ending in 1871, serving on the Committees on Military Affairs, Indian Affairs, and Patents. Thayer, M. Russell. He was born in Petersburg, Virginia, January 27, 1819 ; graduated at the University of Pennsyl vania in 1840; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1842 ; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Private Laud Claims. He received from his Alma Mater the two degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Bankrupt Law, and as Chairman of that on Private Land Claims. Thealcer, Thomas C. Born in York County, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1812 ; received a good English education ; removed to Ohio in 1830; "has devoted the most of his life to the occupation of a millwright and machinist; and he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committees on Militia, and Enrolled Bills. He was subsequently appointed one of a Board of Commissioners to examine into the affairs of the Patent Office ; and in 1865 was appointed by President Johnson Commissioner of Patents. Thibodeaux, B. Cr. Born in Lou isiana, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847, and for a second term ending in 1849. Died in the Parish of Terrebonne, Louisi ana, in March, 1866. Thomas, Benjamin F. Was born in Boston, February 12, 1813; removed to "Worcester in 1819; graduated at Brown University in 1830 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1833 ; was a mem ber of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1842; was appointed Judge of Probate for the County of Worcester in 1844, re signing the office in 1848; was a Presiden tial Elector on the Taylor ticket in that year ; and in 1833 he was appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Massa chusetts, holding the office six years, When he resigned. He subsequently re turned to Boston to practise his profes sion, residing in West Roxbury, and in 1861 he was elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of tha Committee on the Judiciary, and the Special Committee on the Bankrupt La\v. Thomas, David. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1801 to 1808; served four years in the Assembly of that State ; and also held the position of State Treasurer. Thomas, D. B. After the close of the Rebellion, in 1865, he was elected a Eepresentative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, but was not de clared entitled to his seat until near the end of the first session of that Congress. [A proper notice of him is necessarily post poned until the next edition of this work.] Thomas, Francis. He was born in Frederick County, Maryland, February 3, 1799; was educated at St. John's Col lege, in that State ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; was a mem ber of the House of Delegates iu 1822, 1827, and 1829, when he was chosen Speaker; and was a Representative iu Con gress, from Maryland, from 1831 to 1841. In 1839 he was President of tha Chesa peake and OhioCanal ; and was a member of the Maryland " Constitutional Convention" in 1850. He was also the author of the measure which resulted in the transfer of political power from the slave-holding counties in Maryland to those portions where the white population was gener ally located. During one term in Con gress he was Chairman of the Judiciary Committee, and a report made by him led to the settlement of the boundary difficul ties -between Ohio and Michigan. From 1841 to 1844 he was Governor of Mary land; was elected, for the sixth time, a Representative to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Judiciary Com mittee. Also re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, servingon the Committees on the Death of President Lincoln, the Judiciary, the Bankrupt Law, and the Postal Railroad to New York.- He was one of the first men in Maryland to warn the people of the approaching Rebellion; and, after hostilities had commenced, raised a brigade of three thousand Volun teers, but declined all appointments con nected with the organization. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy alists' Convention" of 1866; and re-elected to the Fortieth Congress. Thomas, Isaac. lie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1817. BIOGEAPHICAL EECOKDS. 379 Thomas, James Houston. born in Iredell County, North Carolina, September 22, 1808; received the decree of A.B. from Columbia College, Tennes see, in 1830; studied and adopted the pro fession of law ; in 1836 was elected Attorney-General for the State, holding the office six years ; was for many years the law partner of James K. Polk ; was a Representative in Congress, from Tennes see, from 1847 to 1851 ; was a Presidential Elector in 1846 ; and in 1859 he was elected a Representative, from Tennessee, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions. TJiomas, Jesse B. He was a Dele gate to Congress, from the Territory of Indiana, from 1808 to 1809, and was then appointed United States Judge of Illinois Territory. He was also one of the first Senators in Congress, from Illinois, hav ing held the position from 1818 to 1829, serving on important committees. He died in February, 1850. TJiomas, John C. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maryland, from 1793 to 1801. Thomas, Jr., John L. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, May 20, 1835; re ceived his education at the Alleghany County Academy ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1856; in 1861 he was ap pointed Solicitor of the City of Baltimore, holding the office two years ; in 1863 he was elected State Attorney for Maryland; in 1864 was a Delegate to the " State Con stitutional Convention," and in 1865 he was elected a Representative, from Mary- land, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of E. H. Webster, serving on the Committees on Commerce, Revolutionary Claims, and Retrenchment. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven tion " of 1866. Thomas, Philemon. A native of North Carolina, where, during the Revolu tionary war, he was engaged in many skirmishes with the British. He resided some years in Kentucky, and was a mem ber of the Legislature of that State ; he afterwards removed 'to Louisiana, and, in 1810 and 1811, headed the insurrection of Baton Rouge, which threw off the yoke of Spain from West Florida. He was a Representative in Congress, from Louisiana, from 1831 to 1835, and died at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, November 18, 1847, aged eighty-three years. Thomas, Philip Francis. Tie was born in Talbot County, Maryland, Septem ber 12, 1810; was educated at Dickinson College ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1831 ; in 1836 was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention ; " in 1838 was elected to the State Legislature ; was a Representative in Congress, from 1839 to 1841 ; was subsequently Judge of the Land Office Court of the Eastern Shore of Maryland; in 1843 and 1845 was elected to the House of Delegates ; and in 1847 was elected Governor of Maryland. In the early part of 1860 he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of the Patent Office, and on the resignation of Howcll Cobb as Secretary of the Treas ury, in December, 1860, he was appointed Secretary of the Treasury in Mr. Buchan an's cabinet. In March, 1867, he was elected a Senator in Congress, for the term ending in 1873, but was rejected. Thomas, Richard. Re was a sol dier in the Revolutionary war, and a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1795 to 1801. Died in Phil adelphia, in 1832, aged eighty-seven years. Thomasson, William P. Born in Henry County, Kentucky ; commenced the study of law at an early age ; aad when eighteen was licensed to practise at Cory- don, Indiana, from which place he was elected to the Legislature. He removed to Louisville about the year 1841, and was chosen a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1843 to 1847. He after wards went to Chicago, where he was en gaged in the practice of his profession until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he served in the Union army as a Colonel of Volunteers. Thompson, Benjamin. Born in Massachusetts, in 1798. He held many responsible offices in the town of Charles- town, and was several times a Represent ative in the State Legislature. He was twice elected to Congress as a member from the Fourth District of Massachu setts, serving from 1845 to 1847; and again from March, 1851, till his death. He united mental cultivation and sound judgment with great business talent. His services upon the Committee on Mili tary Affairs during the Mexican war were especially valuable. He died in Charles- town, September 24, 1852. Thompson, George W. He was born in Ohio; and, removing to Virginia, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1852. Thompson, Hedge. Be was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jersey, during the years 1827 and 1828. Died ai Salem, July 20, 1828. Thompson, Jacob. He was born in Caswell County, North Carolina, May 15, 1810, and received his education at the University of Chapel Hill. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834, 380 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. and during the following year removed to the State of Mississippi. Elected to Con gress as a Representative, from Missis sippi, in 1839, he continued to serve in that capacity until 1851. On first taking his seat in Congress he Avas placed on the Committee on Public Lands, and was for some years Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was a defender of Mississippi, and of the Democratic party, at the time when the cry of repudiation was ringing throughout the land ; and as he had, in 1845, declined going into the United States Senate by appointment of the Governor of Mississippi, so did he, in 1851, decline a re-election to the House of Representatives. He was appointed by President Buchanan, in 1857, Secretary of the Interior Department. That po sition he resigned in January, 1861, and joining the Rebellion, served as Govern or of Mississippi, and in the Insurgent army. Thompson, John B.. Jle was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State;, from 1840 to 1843, and again from 1847 to 1851 ; and in 1853 he was elected a Senator in Congress for the long term. He was a member of the Committee on Private Land Claims, and of that on Pensions. Thompson, James. Born in Mid dlesex, Butler County, Pennsylvania, Oc tober 1, 1806. He received a good educa tion, and commenced life as a printer; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828 ; he was elected to the Assembly of his native State in 1832. 1833, and 1834, presiding, during the last session, as Speaker; in 1836 he was a Presidential Elector; he was Presiding Judge of the District Court for six years, and a Repre sentative in Congress from 1845 to 1851. Of late years he has been chiefly devoted to the practice of his profession, and in 1847 was elected a Judge of the Su preme Court of Pennsylvania, for fifteen years. Thompson, Joel. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815, having previously served one year in the State Assembly, from Albany, and two years from Che- nango County. TJiompson, John. He was a mem ber of the New York Assembly, from Albany, in 1788 and 1789, in 1827 from Delaware County, in 1802 and 1841 from Duchess County; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York from 1799 to 1801, and again from 1807 to 1811. Thompson, John. He was born in Rhiuebeck, Duchess County, New York, July 4, 1809. He was educated at Yale and Union Colleges ; lived on a farm until sixteen years of age, since which time he has devoted himself to the law; and against his own wishes and consent was elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, to the Thirty-fifth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Roads and Canals. Thompson, Mark. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Jer sey, from 1795 to 1799. Thompson, P7iilip.lle was a na tive of Kentucky, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Thompson, PJulip H. Born in 1706, and died in Kanawlia County, Vir ginia, July 22, 1837. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1801 to 1807. Thompson, Richard 7F. He was born in Culpepper County, Virginia, June 9, 1809; received a good English and classical education; and his love of ad venture led him into the wilds of Ken tucky before he became of age. In 1831 he settled in Louisville, and became a clerk in an extensive mercantile house; tiring of this, he removed to Lawrence Countj', Indiana, taught school for a few months, but again turned his attention to merchandising, selling goods, and studying law at the same time. He was admitted to the bar in 1834, and was almost imme diately elected to the Indiana Legislature ; was re-elected in 1835 ; in 1836 he was elected to the State Senate, served two years, and was for a time President pro tern, of the Senate, and Acting Lieutenant- Governor; he was a Presidential Elector in 1840, and voted for General Harrison, whose election he zealously advocated with his pen and on the stump; and in 1841 he was elected a Representative in Congress, for the term ending in 1843. In 1844 he was again chosen a Presidential Elector ; was again a Representative in Congress, from Indiana, from 1847 to 1849, when he declined a re-election. Since that time he has held no public office, but has been devoted to the practice of his profession at Terre Haute. President Taylor offered him the appointment of Charge d' Affaires to Austria, and President Fillmore the office of Recorder of the General Land Office, both of which he declined. In 1864 he was elected a Presidential Elector. Thompson, Robert A. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Now Land Commissioner in California. Thompson, Thomas W. He grad- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 381 uated at Harvard University, in 1786; was a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1805 to 1807; State Treasurer in 1809; and a United States Senator from 18H to 1817. He was a neighbor and one of the earliest friends of Daniel Webster. Died at Concord, in October, 1820, aged fifty-five years. Thompson, Waddy.lle was born at Pickensville, South Carolina, Septem ber 8, 1798 ; graduated at the South Caro lina College in 1814, and, having studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1819. He has served in the Legislature of his native State ; was at one time Solicitor for the Western Circuit of South Carolina ; was chosen a Presidential Elector; attained the military title of Brigadier-General; and was appointed, in 1842, Minister Plen ipotentiary to Mexico, about which he published an interesting work. He was a Representative iu Congress, from 1835 to 1841, serving, in 1840, as Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. Thompson, Wiley. lie was a na tive of Amelia County, Virginia, and a Representative in Congress, from Geor gia, from 1821 to 1833. Thompson, William. He was born in Pennsylvania, and, having settled in Iowa, was elected a Representative in Congress from that State, from 1847 to 1851. He served during the Rebellion up wards of four years as Captain, Major, Colonel, in the First Iowa Cavalry, and as Brevet Brigadier-General had command of a brigade ; and was subsequently ap pointed a Captain of Cavalry in the regu lar army. Thomson, Alexander. He was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania; and was a Representative in Congress from Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1826; died at his residence in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, August 2, 1848, aged sixty- three years. Thomson, JoTm. He was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1777; and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1825 to 1827, and again from 1829 to 1837. He died at New Lis bon, Ohio, December 2, 1852. Thomson, John R. Born in Phila delphia, September 5, 1800; entered Princeton College, but left in the junior year, and devoted himself to mercantile pursuits, making a voyage to China in 1817, and in 1820 established himself as a merchant in Canton ; was appointed Con sul of the United States at that port in 1823, and remained there until 1825. Since the year 1830 he has been engaged in the management of several railways, and of the New Jersey Canal. In 1814 he was a member of the " Constitutional Convention " of New Jersey, and was United States Senator, from New Jersey, from 1853 to 1857, and was re-elected for the term ending in 1863. He was a mem ber of the Committees on Naval Affairs, and on the Post Office and Post Roads. He was offered a seat in the cabinet by President Buchanan, which he declined. Died at Trenton, September 13, 1862. Thorington, James. He was born in North Carolina, and, removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative, "from that State, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Thornton, Anthony. He was bora in Bourbon County, Kentucky, November 9, 1814; graduated at the University of Miami, in Ohio, and adopted the profes sion of law. In 1847 he was a member of the Convention which framed the Consti tution of Illinois ; in 1850 he was a mem ber of" the State Legislature ; in 18G2 a Delegate to the Convention to revise the State Constitution, and in 1864 he was elected a Representative from Illinois to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee of Claims and the Select Com mittee on the Bankrupt Law. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Na tional Union Convention " of 1866. Thornton, Matthew. Horn in Ire land in 1714, but came to this country with his father in 1717 ; studied medicine in Massachusetts, but settled to practise in New Hampshire; was appointed a Sur geon in the army; commanded a regiment of Militia in the Revolutionary war; was President of the " Provincial Convention" of New Hampshire ; was, for six years, Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and Chief Justice of the Com mon Pleas ; was a Delegate to the Conti nental Congress, from 1776 to 1778: and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He also served for several years in the General Court and in the State Senate ; was appointed Justice of the Peace and Quorum throughout the State, and died at Newburyport, Massa chusetts, June 24, 1803. Throop,Enos T. He was born in Johnstown, Montgomery County, New York, August 21, 1784; while performing the duties of an attorney's clerk, he ac quired a classical education ; studied law, and settled in Auburn ; was a Representa tive in Congress during the years 1815 and 1816 ; in 1823 was elected Circuit Judge ; in 1829, Lieutenant-Governor of New York; and in 1831 was Governor of that State. In 1838 he was appointed Charge d' Affaires to the Two Sicilies. Thruston, BucJzncr.Eorn in Vir ginia, about the year 1763. He emigrated in early life to Kentucky, and, being pos- BIOGRAPHICAL KECOKDS. sessed of superior talents, he was soon called into the public service. He was appointed Federal Judge in the Territory of Orleans in 1805, and was the same year elected a member of the United States Senate, from Kentucky, for six years ; but he resigned in 1809, on being appointed, by President Madison, Judge of the United Stato-s Circuit Court of the District of Co lumbia, which office he held until his death, which occurred at Washington, August 30, 1845. Thurman, Allen G. He was born in Virginia, and, having taken up his resi dence iu Ohio, was elected a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. TJiurman, John JJ. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1849 to 1851, and died in New York, July 25, 1854. Thurston, Benjamin B. He was born in Hopkiaton, Rhode Island, June 29, 1804; he received a common-school education; was bred a merchant; was elected fourteen years in succession to the Assembly of his native State; was a Presidential Elector in 1837; and in 1838 was Lieutenant-Governor; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1847 to 1849, and again from 1851 to 1857. He was subsequently elect ed a member of the Senate of Rhode Island. Thurston, J~ohn B. He was born in Virginia, in 1757; studied law, and emigrated to Kentucky, whence he was sent to the United States Senate, in 1805, for a long term. He was subsequently elected a Judge of the Circuit Court of Kentucky, in which position he continued until his death, which occurred at Wash ington, August 30, 1845. Thurston, Samuel JR. He was born in Maine ; graduated at Bowdoin College in 1843, and was a Delegate in Congress, from the Territory of Oregon, from 1849 to 1851. He died on board the steamer California, on her passage from Panama to San Francisco, April 9, 1851. Tibltatts, John W. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847 ; also served as a Colonel in the Mex ican war. Died in Newton, Kentucky, July 12, 1852, aged fifty years. T'ibltetts, George. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1803 to 1805, and a member of the State Assembly, from Rensselaer County, in 1802 and 1820, and of the State Senate, from 1815 to 1818. Tichenor, Isaac. -He was born in 1754; graduated at Princeton College in 1775; and died at Bennington, Vermont, in December, 1838. He was an officer of the Revolution; a Judge of the Supremo Court of Vermont ; a Representative in the State Legislature ; and a Senator in Congress during the sessions of 1790 and 1797, when he resigned ; Governor of Ver mont from 1797 to 1808 ; and again in the United States Senate, from 1815 to 1821. Tiffin, Edward. lie was born in England, in 17G5; was Governor of Ohio, from 1803 to 1807; a Senator in Con gress, from that State, from 1807 to 1809, and Surveyor-General of North-western Ohio, in 1816, as well as for some years afterwards. He died July 9, 1829. Tilden, Daniel It. He was born in Connecticut, and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 18 i7. Tllghman, Matthew. He was a Delegate, from Maryland, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1774 to 1777. T'Minghast, Joseph L. Born in Tauuton, Massachusetts, in 1791, and re moved to Rhode Island in his boyhood. He graduated at Brown University in 1819, and received the degree of M. A. ; in 1833 was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of that institution. He studied law, and devoted himself to its practice in Providence, with marked success, for thirty years, and was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1837 to 1843. He was also for many years a member of the State Legislature, and was elected Speaker on several occasions ; and to him was awarded the authorship of the free schools and improved judiciary sys tems of his native State. Died December 30, 1844, at Providence, Rhode Island. Tillinghast, Thomas. Born in Rhode Island, and was for many years a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. He was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1797 to 1799, and again from 1891 to 1803. Tilton, James. Was born in Dela ware, June 1, 1751 ; was a physician by profession, and became distinguished as a Surgeon during the Revolutionary war. From 1777 to the close of the war he acted as Hospital Surgeon, and introduced the use of hospital huts. After the war he resided for a few years on a farm in his native State. Was a Delegate in the Con tinental Congress from 1783 to 1785. In 1785 he was appointed Commissioner of Loans. In 1812 he was appointed Sur geon-General of the United States army. He published " Observations on Military BIOGEAPHICAL RECORDS. 383 Hospitals," and some papers on agricul ture. He died May 14, 1822. Tipton, John. He was born in Ten nessee in 1785; removed to Indiana in 1806; and was a Senator in Congress, from Indiana, from 1831 to 1839; and died at Logansport, of apoplexy, in 1839. Tipton, Thomas W. He was born in Harrison County, Ohio, in 1817 ; spent his early life on a farm; graduated at Madison College, Pennsylvania, in 1840; studied law and came to the bar in 1844 ; in 1845 he was elected to the Ohio Legis lature ; was for three years at the head of a Division of the General Land Office in Washington ; removed to Nebraska Terri tory and was chosen a Delegate to the "Constitutional Convention ;" in 1860 was a Councilman in the Territorial Legislature ; having studied theology, he served during the Rebellion as Chaplain of the First Regiment of Nebraska Infantry; and was elected a Senator in Congress from the new State, for the term commencing in 1867 and ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, Pensions, and Public Lands. Titus, Obadiah. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1837 to 1839. Todd, John. He was born in Hart ford, Connecticut, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1821 to 1824. Died March 28, 1830. Todd, John B. $. He was born in Kentucky, and, having settled in Dakota, was elected a Delegate to the Thirty-sev enth Congress. During the first session of the Thirty-eighth Congress he contest ed the seat, as Delegate, "which had been assigned to William Jayne, and was ad mitted as the duly elected Delegate from Dakota. He was a member of the Nation al Committee to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Todd, Lemuel. Born in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, July 29, 1817 ; educated at Dickinson College; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and practised in his native town. In 1854 he was elected a Representative to the Thirty- fourth Con gress, from Pennsylvania. r Toland, George W. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843. Graduated at Princeton College in 1816. Tomlinson, Gideon. He was born at Stratford, Connecticut, December 31, 1780, and graduated at Yale College in 1802. He studied law and practised the profession in Fairfleld. He was then called to public life, and in 1818 was chosen a Representative in Congress, in which office he was continued till 1827. In that year he was chosen Governor of Connecticut, and remained in that station until March, 1831, when, on being appointed a Senator of the United States, he resigned his office as Governor. After six years' service he returned to private life. Died October 8, 1854, at Fairfield, Connecticut. Tomlinson, Thomas A.K.Q was born in New York; served in the State Assembly, from Essex County, in 1835 and 1836, and was a Representative in Con gress from 1841 to 1843. TomJcins, Caleb. He was born in Westchester County, New York, and was a member of the New York Assembly, from that County, from 1804 to 1806 ; and was elected a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1817 to 1821. TomJcins, Christopher. lie was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1831 to 1835 ; and died at Glas gow, Kentucky, in 1845. TomJcins, Cj/dnorB.~Bornm Bel- mont County, Ohio, November 8, 1810, and was educated at the Ohio University, at Athens ; was bred a farmer, and after wards studied law, having practised for twenty-two years ; and was elected a Rep resentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-flfth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Militia. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs. TomJcins, Daniel D. He was born in Westchester County, New York, June 21, 1774. His father was a farmer, and he was his seventh son. He graduated at Columbia College hi 1795, then studied law and was admitted to practice in the City of New York in 1797. In 1821 he was a member of the " Constitutional Con vention" of the State, and also served in the State Legislature. He was elected a Representative in Congress, from 1805 to 1807, but resigned to "accept an appoint ment as Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. In 1807 he was elected Governor of the State, and held that office ten years. His aid in support of the Na tional Government, during the war of 1812, gave him prominence as a statesman. He prorogued the State Legislature in 1812 for the space of ten mouths, to prevent the establishment of the Bank of America in the City of New York ; his opposition post poned, but did not defeat the measure, and a charter was granted in 1813. In 1817 he resigned the office of Governor, and was elected Vice-President of the United States, and served two years ; by virtue of which office he was also President of 384 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. the Senate. He died in New York, June 11, 1825. TompMns, PatricJc W. He was born in Kentucky, and, settling in Missis sippi, was elected a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1847 to 1849. Toombs, Robert. He was born in Wilkes County, Georgia, July 2, 1810. The first three years of his collegiate life were spent at the University of Georgia, but he left it during the senior year, and went to Schenectady, New York, and graduated at Union College. He read law at the University of Virginia, under Judge Lomas ; was admitted to the bar of Georgia in 1829, and practised regularly until his election to Congress in 1845. His first public service was as Captain of Volun teers in the Creek war, in 1836, under General Winfield Scott. In 1837 he was elected to the Legislature from his native county, where he now resides, and, with the exception of 1841, continued a member of the lower branch until his election to the Federal House of Representatives, where he served during the Twenty-ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, and Thirty-second Congresses. He entered the Senate during the Thirty-third Congress for six years, and was re-elected for a second term end ing March 4, 1865. In the House and also in the Senate, he always served on important committees. He was expelled March 14, 1861, and became Secretary of State in the Rebel government, and was also a Brigadier-General in the great Re bellion. Toucey, Isaac. He was born in Newtown, Connecticut, November 5, 1796 ; received a thorough classical education ; studied law and commenced the practice at Hartford in 1818; was appointed State's Attorney in 1822 and continued to hold that office until 1835 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1835 to 1839 ; Governor of the State from 1846 to 1847; was appointed Attorney-General of the United States by President Polk ; was a State Senator in 1850; a Senator in Congress from 1852 to 1857; and in March of the latter year he went into President Buchanan's Cabinet as Secretary of the Navy, serving as such until 1861. Towns, George IF. Born in Wilkes County, Georgia, May 4, 1802. He was prevented by ill health from receiving a collegiate education, and commenced life as a merchant ; afterwards studied law ; was admitted to the bar of Alabama in 1824, and for a time performed the duties of editor of a political paper. In 1826 he returned to Georgia, and settled in Tal- bot County. He served for several years in both branches of the Legislature of that State ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1835 to 1839, and was re- elected in 1846; his last public position was that of Governor of Georgia, to which office he was elected in 1847, and was re- elected in 1849. He died at Macon, July 15, 1854. Townsend, DwlgJit. He was born in the City of New York, in 1826 ; educated at the grammar school of Columbia Col lege ; entered mercantile life when twenty- one years of age; retired from business in 1862; and in 1864 he was elected a Repre sentative, from New York, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Henry G. Stebbins, serving on the Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. Townsend, George. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1819. Townsend, James. He was elect ed a Representative, from New York, to the Second Congress, but died in May, 1791. Townsend, JV. S. He was born in England, and, having settled in Ohio, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Tracy, Albert H. He was born in Norwich, Connecticut, June 17, 1793; re ceived a good classical education ; studied medicine with his father, but when eigh teen years of age he removed to New York State, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1815 ; and he served three terms in Congress as a Representative from a district comprehending almost the whole of that part of New York west of Seneca Lake, from 1819 to 1825 ; and in 1829 he was elected to the Senate of New York for four years, and was re-elected for a second term of four years. He was a supporter of Mr. Adams for President, und declined a seat in his Cabinet; he also declined a Judgeship tendered by Governor Clinton. Died at Buffalo, September 19, 1859. Tracy, Andretv. He was born in Vermont ; educated a lawyer ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. He also served ten years in both branches of the State Legislature, and was Speaker from 1842 to 1845. Tracy, H. W. He was born in Lu- zerne County, Pennsylvania, September 24, 1807 ; was bred a farmer, and devoted some attention to mercantile pursuits ; in 1861 aud 1862 he was elected to the State Legislature ; was a member of the 4i Chi cago Convention" which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President ; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees for the District of Columbia, and on Expenditures in e Navy Depart- BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 385 meut. He was also a Delegate to the Phil adelphia " National Union Convention" of 18G6. Tracy, Phineas L. He was born In Norwich, Connecticut; graduated at Yale College iu 180G ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Genesee County, New York, from 1827 to 1833, and was a mem ber of the Committee on Expenditures on Public Buildings. Tracy, TTri.He was born in Frank lin, Connecticut, and graduated at Yale College in 1789; was a^Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807, and again from 1809 to 1813; and died in 1813. Tracy, Uriah. Born in Franklin, Connecticut, February 2, 1755 ; graduated at Yale College in 1778 ; read law in Litch- fleld, and settled in that town. He was often chosen a State Representative, and in 1793 was Speaker of the House. He was a Representative in Congress from 17D3 to 179G; and from 1796 to 1807 a Senator of the United States, officiating for a short time as President pro tern, of the Senate. He was also a Major-General of Militia ; commanded the respect and enjoyed the friendship of the leading men of his time; and died at Washington City, July 19, 1807, and was the first per son buried in the Congressional burying- ground. Trafton, Mar7e.He was born in Maine ; and elected a Representative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-fourth Congress. Train, Charles B. Born in Fra- mingham, Massachusetts, iu 1817 ; worked on a farm until fifteen ; graduated at Brown University in 1837 ; studied law, and fin ished his legal education at Cambridge, coming to the bar in 1841 ; he was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature in 1847 ; from 1848 to 1851 was District Attorney for Northern Massachusetts; in 1852 he was appointed, by President Fillmore, an Associate Judge of the United States Court in Oregon, but declined the office; he was a member of the " State Constitu tional Convention " of 1853 ; was a second time appointed District Attorney ; in 1857 and 1858 he served as a member of the State Council ; and he was elected a Rep resentative, from Massachusetts, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Public Buildings. During the autumn of 1862 he served in the army as a Volunteer Aid on the Staff of his friend, General Gordon, and was pres ent at the battle of Antietam. He was also a Delegate to the " Baltimore Con- 25 vention" of 1864; and to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 18CG. Trapier, Paul. He was a Delegate, from South Carolina, to the Continental Congress, from 1777 to 1778. Treadwell, John. Born in Far- mington, Connecticut, November 23, 1745 ; graduated at Yale College in 1767, and studied law, and filled the office of Judge of Probate, and of other courts. From 1785 to 178G he was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress. In 1809 he was elected Governor of Connecticut, and served two years. He was the first President of the American Foreign Mission Society, and was a general contributor to that and other charitable institutions. He died August 19, 1823. Tredway, William M.TLe was born in Virginia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1845 to 1847. Tredwell, Thomas. lie was born in Smithtown, Suffolk County, Long Island, in 1742, and graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1764. He was a member, from Suffolk County, of the Provincial Congress of the Colony of New York in 1775 and 1776, and of the Convention of Represent atives of the State of New York in 1776 and 1777, by which the first constitution of the State of New York was adopted, and was for many years the last surviving member of the latter body. He also repre sented his native county in the Conven tion of 1788, to deliberate upon the adop tion of the Federal Constitution, and, with the other "anti-federalists" of that body, voted against its adoption. From 1777 to 1783 he was a member of the As sembly, and from 1786 to 1789 of the State Senate, from the same county. He was the first Judge of the Court of Probate of the State, serving from 1778 to 1787, and subsequently Surrogate of Suffolk County from 1787 to 1791. He was a mem ber of Congress from his native district from 1791 to 1795. He was one of the original proprietors of Plattsburgh, Clin ton County, New York, to which place he removed in its infancy, near the close of the last century. In 1801 he represented the counties of Clinton and Essex in the State Constitutional Convention" of that year, of which Aaron Burr was President. He was again elected to the State Senate and served from 1803 to 1807; was ap pointed Surrogate of Clinton County in 1807, and held that office until 1831, making an almost continuous term of pub lic service of fifty-six years. His house and farm at Plattsburgh were pillaged by the British at their invasion in July, 1813. He died at Plattsburgh, January 30, 1832. His grandson, Thomas Tredwell Davis, 386 BIOGRAPHICAL BECOEDS. was a member of the Thirty-eighth and Thirty-ninth Congresses. Trezvant, James. He was born in Sussex County, Virginia; was a lawyer by profession ; was Attorney for the State ; member of the State Legislature, and of the " Constitutional Convention " of 1830 ; a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1825 to 1831, serving during his last term as Chairman of the Commit tee on Military Pensions. He died in 1838. Trigg, Abram. He was a Repre- sentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1809. Trigg, John* He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1797 to 1804. Trimble, Cary A. Born in Hills- borough, Ohio, September 13, 1813; grad uated at the Ohio University in 1833; studied medicine, and received a medical diploma from the Cincinnati Medical Col lege in 1836; in 1837 was appointed Demonstrator of Anatomy in his Alma Mater, which position he held until 1841i when he settled in Chillicothe ; in 1839, on account of his health, he retired from his profession, and devoted himself to farm ing; and was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. Trimble, David. He was born in Frederick County, Virginia, about the year 1782 ; educated at William and Mary College ; studied law, and when he came of age removed to Kentucky. He was engaged in the war of 1812, serving two campaigns under General Harrison. In 1817 he was chosen a member of Congress from Kentucky, and served without inter ruption till 1827, being highly esteemed for the integrity of his principles and his devotion to his public duties. After his re tirement from Congress, he became en gaged in agriculture and the iron manu facture, and in the latter interest he did much to develop the resources of the State. He died at Trimble's Furnace, Kentucky, October 26, 1842. Trimble, John,. He was born in Roane County, Tennessee, February 7, 1812; graduated at the Nashville Univer sity; studied law and adopted the pro fession; from 1836 to 1841 he was At torney-General of the State for the Nash ville District; was a member of the State Assembly from 1843 to 1845; of the State Senate from 1845 to 1847 ; and again from 1859 to 1861; in 1802 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, District Attorney of the United States for Middle Tennes- see,which he resigned in 1864 ; was again in the State Senate from 1865 to 1867 when he resigned ; and he was elected a Represent ative from Tennessee to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on the Committees on Freed- men's Affairs, and Private Laud Claims. Trimble, Lawrence S. He was born in Fleming, Kentucky, August 26, 1825 ; received a good English education ; studied law and adopted that profession ; was a member of the Kentucky Legislature In 1851 and 1852; was Judge of the Equity and Criminal Court of the first Ju dicial District of the State from 1856 to I860; from 1860 to October, 1865, was President of the New Orleans and Ohio Railroad Company, and was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, on Manufactures, and Revenue Frauds. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress and placed on the Committee on Invalid Pen sions. Trimble, William A. He was born in 1786 ; he served with credit in the army of the United States during the war oif 1812; occupied, as commander, several frontier posts ; was a Senator in Con gress, from Ohio, from 1819 to 1821, hav ing died December 13 of the latter year. Triplett, Philip. He was born in Virginia, and was a Representative in Con gress, from Kentucky, from 1839 to 1843. Trippe, Robert P. He was born in Georgia, and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con gresses. Trotter, F. James. He was a Sen ator in Congress, from Mississippi, during the year 1838. Troup, George M. Born on the Tombigbee River, September 8, 1780; graduated at Princeton College ; studied law ; and in 1800 was elected to the Legis lature of Georgia, and re-elected for foar terms ; was a Representative in Congress, from Georgia, from 1807 to 1815 ; and a Senator from 1816 to 1818, and from 1829 to 1834. From 1823 to 1827 he was Gov ernor of that State. He died in Laurens County, Georgia, May 3, 1856. He was an advocate of State rights, and the champion of State sovereignty. Trout, Michael C. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855. Trowbridge, Roivland E. Was born in Elmira, New York, June 18, 1821; removed with his parents to Michigan when a mere child ; graduated at Keuyon BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 387 College, Ohio, in 1841 ; has been devoted all his life to the business of farming; was elected to the Senate of Michigan in 1856 and 1858; and in I860 was elected a Rep resentative, from Michigan, to the Thirty- seventh Congress, serving on the Commit tee on the Post Office and Post Roads. He was also re-elected to the Thirt3 r -ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Agriculture. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agriculture. Trunibo, Andrew, A native of Kentucky; was born in Montgomery County, now Bath, September 13, 1799 ; he had a limited English education, and at the age of fifteen went into the County Clerk's office, and afterwards became clerk; studied law, and commenced prac tice in 1824. He was a Representative in the Twenty-ninth Congress, and one of tiie Presidential Electors of Kentucky in 1848. Trumbull, Jonathan* Born in Lebanon, Connecticut, March 26, 1740, and graduated at Harvard College in 1759. In 1775 he was appointed, by Congress, Paymaster in the Northern department of the army, and not long after was attached to the family of Washington as Secretary and first Aid, with whom he continued until the close of the war. He was for several years a Representative in the State Legislature of Connecticut, and Speaker of the House ; was a Presidential Elector in 1797, 1801, and 1805; and a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, fr6m 1789 to 1795; elected Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1791, and con tinued in that station till he was transfer red to the United States Senate in 1795, where he served only one year, having been elected Lieutenant-Governor of Con necticut, and in 1798 Governor, in which position he remained until his death, which occurred August 7, 1809. Trumbull, Joseph. He was a Del egate, from Connecticut, to the Continen tal Congress, in 1774 and 1775 ; and his son, bearing the same name, was a Repre sentative in the Federal Congress. Died in 1778. Trumbull, Joseph. Born in Leb anon, Connecticut, December 7, 1783 ; graduated at Yale College in 1801 ; studied law and practised with success in Ohio ; was President of the Hartford Bank for eleven years ; served in the General As sembly in 1832, 1848, and 1851 ; in 1849 he was elected Governor of Connecticut; was President of a Railroad Company ; received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Connecticut, in 1834, for an unexpired term, and from 1839 to 1843. Trumbull, Lyman. He was born in Colchester, Connecticut, in 1813; adopted the profession of law; removed to Illinois, and became a member of the Legislature of that State in 1840; was Secretary of State in 1841 and 1842; Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1848 to 1853 ; was elected a Repre sentative from Illinois to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and was elected a Senator in Congress for the term commencing in 1855 and ending in 1861, serving as Chair man of the Committee on the Judiciary, and as a member of the Committees on Public Buildings and Grounds, and Indian Affairs ; and was re-elected for the term ending 1867. In 1864 he was appointed a Regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He was also a Delegate to the Philadel phia "Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and in January, 1867, he was re-elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1873, serving on the additional Committee on Pensions. Tuck, Amos* He was born in Maine ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835 ; was for some time a tutor in that institu tion ; and, removing to New Hampshire, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1853. He was also a member of the "Peace Con gress "of 1861. Tucker, Ebeneser.He was born in Burlington, New Jersey, in 1758 ; he was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and served at the battle of Long Island ; he filled many offices of distinction and trust, among them those of Collector and Postmaster of New Jersey; and he was a member of Congress, from New Jersey, from 1825 to 1829. He also held the offices of Judge of the Common Pleas, Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, and Judge of the Orphans' Court. He died at Tuckerton, New Jersey, September 5, 1845. Tucker, George. He was a native of Virginia, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1819 to 1825. Tucker, Henry St. George. Born in Virginia in 1779 ; received a liberal education, and became a prominent law yer. He was at one time President of the Court of Appeals ; also Professor of Law in the University of Virginia; the author of several valuable works on law ; and a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1815 to 1819. He died at "Win chester, Virginia, August 28, 1848. Tucker, Starling. He was born in Halifax County, North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from tha 388 BIOGRAPHICAL JtECOEDS. Laurens District of South Carolina, from 1317 to 1831. He died February 4, 1834. TucJeer, Thomas T. He was a Del egate to the Continental Congress from 1787 to 1788 ; and was a llepresentative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1780 to 1793. Died May 2, 1828. Tucker, TilgJiman M.lIe was born in North Carolina; was Governor of Mississippi from 1841 to 1843 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Missis sippi, from 1843 to 1845. Died in Alaba ma, April 31, 1859. Turner, Charles. Graduated at Harvard University in 1752; studied for the ministry, and settled in Duxbury, Massachusetts ; was elected a Represent ative in Congress from Massachusetts, serving from 1809 to 1813, and died iu 181G, aged about sixty-six years. Turner, Daniel. Born in "Warren County, North Carolina, September 26, 1796. He commenced his education at Wai-renton Academy; completed it at West Point; in 1814 was appointed Lieu tenant of Artillery ; as such, served at Brooklyn Heights, and at Plattsburg, and resigned in 1815; after leaving the army, he spent two years at William and Mary College; from 1819 to 1823 he served in the Legislature of North Carolina ; and was a member of Congress from 1827 to 1829. He subsequently had charge of the Warrenton Female Seminary. Turner, James. Born in Virginia in the year 1766. His education was such as could be afforded by the common schools of the country ; he served in the Revolution as a private soldier; entered public life in 1800 as a member of the Legislature of North Carolina ; in 1802 was elected Governor of the State ; and was a Senator in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1805 to 1816. He died at Bloomsbury, January 15, 1824, much respected for his talents and personal worth. Turner, James. HQ was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1837. Turner, Thomas J. BorninTrum- bull County, Ohio, April 5, 1815, where he resided until ten years of age, receiving all his school education within that time. In 1825 he removed with his father's fam ily to Butler County, Pennsylvania, where he worked on a farm until fourteen years old, when the destitute circumstances of his father compelled him to make unusual exertions to assist in the support of the family, which he did by working as a laborer on the Pennsylvania Canal, and contributed his earnings to his father un til the age of eighteen. Leaving his father comfortable, he went to the " far West," and spent three years in St. Paul's County, Indiana, and finally settled iu Freeport, Stevenson County, Illinois. He was made Justice of the Peace, which office he held for several years; in 1838 he studied law as a profession, and ob tained a lucrative practice. In 1842 he was elected Probate Justice of the Peace, and in 1844 was appointed Postmaster. In 1845 he was chosen State's Attorney for the Sixth Judicial District, and in 1846 he was elected a Representative in the Thirtieth Congress. In 1854 he was a member of the Lower House of the Leg islature, and chosen Speaker. Since that time he has devoted himself to the prac tice of law. Turney, JIopMns L. Born in Smith County, Tennessee, Octobers, 1797. He was in his boyhood bound to a tailor, and served at that business several years ; in 1818 he entered upon the campaign against the Seminole Indians ; he did not learn to write until twenty-two yeai's of age, and yet soon after studied law, and was very successful at the bar; he served about ten years in the Legislature, from 1828 to 1838 ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1837 to 1843, and in the Senate of the United States from 1845 to 1851. He died iu Winchester, Tennessee, August 1, 1857, leaving behind him a high reputation for his abilities and virtues. Turpie, D. Was born in Hamilton County, Ohio, July 8, 1829 ; graduated at Kenyon College in 1848 ; studied law, and was admitted to practice at Logansport, Indiana, in 1849 ; was appointed, by Gov ernor Wright, whom he succeeded in the Senate, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 1854, and was Judge of the Circuit Court in 1856, both of which offices he resigned ; in 1852, and also 1858, he was a member of the Legislature of Indiana; and in 1863 he was elected a Senator iu Congress for the unexpired term of J. D. Bright, and immediately succeeding J. A. Wright, who served by appointment of the Governor. Turrell, Joel. He was born in Ver mont; graduated at Middlebury College in 1816; and was a llepresentative in Con gress, from New York, from 1833 to 1837, having been a member of the State As sembly, from Oswcgo, County, in 1831. Died in Oswego, New York, December 26, 1859, aged sixty-four years. Tuthill, Selah.Born in New York, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Seventeenth Congress, but died in December, 1821. BIOGRAPHICAL EECOKDS. 389 Tweed, William M. Born in the City of New York, April 3, 1823; received a common-school education; is by occu pation a chair-manufacturer; was an Al derman in New York City in 1852; a member of the Thirty-third Congress; a member of the State Board of Education iu 1857 ; and a Supervisor of New York County in 1858. Tweedy, John JET. He was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale College; adopted the profession of law; removed to Wisconsin in 1837 ; was a member of the first " Constitutional Convention" of that Territory in 1846 ; and was elected a Delegate to Congress, from the same, in 1847, serving one session. Tweedy, Samuel. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835*. Twitchell, Ginery.He was born in Athol, Worcester County, Massachusetts, August 26, 1811; in 1830 he commenced the business of staging or carrying the mail ; was the first to establish a daily line of coaches between Boston and Brat- tleborough, in Vermont, and after which, he made important contracts with the government for carrying the mail ; in 1847 lie became identified with the Boston and Worcester Railroad as a subordinate offi cer, but was subsequently appointed Pres ident of the same, and has continued in it to the present time. In 1866 he was elected a Representative, from Massachu setts, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, and Ex penditures in the Interior Department. Tyler, John, Born in Charles City County, Virginia, in 1790. He commenced his political life at an early age, having been elected to the Virginia Legislature at the age of twenty-one years, and five years later to Congress. In 1826 he was elevated to the station of Governor of his native State. He discharged the duties of his office but one year and a half, when, in 1837, the Legislature selected him to fill a vacancy in the Senate of the United States, where he officiated as Presidentj>ro tern, of that body. He served in this ca pacity until, a difference of opinion having arisen between General Jackson and him self, he resigned his seat in 1836, and went into voluntary retirement. Mr. Tyler did not again make his appearance in public life until 1840, when he was selected by the Whig party as their candidate for Vice-President. He was elected to that office by a large majority, and entered upon the discharge of his duties in March, 1841, when the death of the President, General Harrison, shortly after, raised him to the chief magistracy of the repub lic. His term of office expired in 1845, after which he lived in retirement in Vir ginia until 1801. He was elected in that year a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " held in Washington, and officiated- as its President; and, on his return to Virginia, he became a member of the Virginia Con vention of 1861, and the Rebel "Congress, and died in Richmond, January 17, 1802. Tyson, Jacob. He was a member of the New York Senate, from Richmond County, in 1828, and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825. Tyson, Job K. lie was born in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, iu 1804, and died near Philadelphia in 1858. He was educated a lawyer, frequently served in the City Councils of Philadel phia, and was a member of the Thirty- fourth Congress. He commanded uncom mon influence in Congress, and was a man of refined tastes in literature and the fine arts. He also served in the City Councils of Philadelphia ; the Legislature of Penn sylvania, and through his exertions the archives of that State were first published. While educating himself, in early life, he taught in a district school, and his pub lished addresses are quite numerous. Udree, Daniel. Born in Philadel phia; removed to Berks County, Pennsyl vania, where he entered largely into the manufacture of iron, and was a most suc cessful business man. He was in the State Legislature from 1799 to 1805 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1813 to 1815, from 1819 to 1821, and from 1823 to 1825, on two occasions filling the unexpired terms of men who had resigned. Died July 22, 1828. Underhill, Walter. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Underwood, John W. If. Born in Elbert County, Georgia, November 20, 1816; received a good English and classi cal education ; studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1834; in 1843 was elected Solicitor-General for the Western Circuit, resigning in 1847 ; was a member of the "Georgia Constitutional Conven tion" of 1850; declined two judicial ap pointments tendered to him by Presidents Pierce and Buchanan; was a member of the Georgia Legislature in 1857, and chosen Speaker ; and in 1859 was elected a Representative, from Georgia, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department. Resigned in February, 1861, on the breaking out of the Rebe'l- liou, and returned to Georgia. 390 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. Underwood, Joseph It. Born in Goochland County, Virginia, October 24, 1791. He was adopted by his maternal uncle in 1803, who resided in Barren County, Kentucky. He received his edu cation at various schools in that State, and ended his scholastic course at the University of Lexington, in 1811; and then read law with Robert Wickliffe. In 1813 he entered the service of the United States, as Lieutenant of a Volunteer Com pany, and was badly wounded and taken by the enemy at Dudley's defeat, com manding his company after the Captain was mortally wounded. He was released from captivity, and landed from the prison- ships on Lake Erie, near Cleveland, where he was lodged in a hospitable cabin until sufficiently recovered to return home. In the fall of 1813 he located at Glasgow, Kentucky, and practised law for ten years, during which time he was Trustee of the town, and County Attorney; and was a member of the Legislature from 1816 to 1819. In 1823 he removed, with his family, to Bowling Green, and was elected a mem ber of the General Assembly in 1825 and 182G. From 1828 to 1835 he was Judge of the Court of Appeals, and resigned on being elected a Representative in Con gress, in which position he served from 1835 to 1843. In 1846 he was again elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and was Speaker of the House. In 1847 he was elected a member of the United States Senate, for six years, and at the expiration of the term returned to the practice of law. In 1824 and in 1844 he was a Presi dential Elector. He was also a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention " of 1864. Underwood, Warner L. Born in Goochland County, Virginia, August 7, 1808; graduated at the University of Vir ginia, where he received the first honors in the studies of law, mathematics, and the modern languages, in ]830. He re moved to Bowling Green County, Ken tucky, at the age of seventeen ; a lawyer by profession, with an extensive practice. In 1833 he visited Texas, and spent most of the time, until 1840, in that republic. He was appointed, by President Lamar, Attorney-General lor the Eastern District of that republic, but held the office only a short time, and also declined the offer of a place in General Houston's cabinet, be ing unwilling to relinquish his citizenship of the United States. In 1848 he was a Representative in the Kentucky Legisla ture, and in 1849 a member of the State Senate ; and was elected a Representative to the Thirty-fourth and Thirty-fifth Con gresses, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Engraving. Upham, Charles W. Born in St. John, New Brunswick, May 4, 1802. He commenced life by becoming a merchant's rlerk; graduated at Harvard College in 1821 ; in 1824 he was settled over the First Churchin Salem, Massachusetts; and in 1844 he relinquished the ministry on ac count of loss of voice. He lias also, at different times, edited the " Christian Re view" (Unitarian): was Mayor of Salem in 1852 ; in 1840, 1849, and 1850, was in the State Legislature; in 1851, 1857, and 1858, President of the Senate ; and he was a member of the Thirty-third Congress, serving upon the Committee on Post Roads and the Post Office, and was Chairman of a Special Committee on the Smith^cuian Institution. As an author he has been in dustrious, and among his publications are the following: "Letters on the Logos;" " Lectures on Witchcraft ; " " Life of Sir Henry Vane ; " a school " Life of Washing ton ; " many Orations and Discourses ; and "Life of John C. Fremont." UpUmn, George Z?. He graduated at Harvard University in 1789; served a number of years in the New Hampshire Legislature, having been Speaker in 1809 and 1815; and a Representative in Con gress, from New Hampshire, from 1801 to 1803. He died February 10, 1848, at Clare- mont, New Hampshire, aged seventy-nine years. Upham, JTabez. He was born in Massachusetts; graduated at Harvard University, in 1785; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1807 to 1810, when he resigned. He died in 1811. Upham, NatJianiel.Tlom in Deer- field, Rockingham County, New Hamp shire, June 9, 1774. He was educated at the schools of his native town, and at Phillips's Exeter Academy. At an early age he engaged in mercantile pursuits, lie was a member of the Legislature of New Hampshire, and of the Governoi''s Council, from 1811 to 1812; and a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1823. Died in 1829. Upham, William. He was born at Leicester, Massachusetts, in 1792 ; in 1802 removed with his father to Vermont; spent some time in the University of Ver mont; and was a lawyer by profession. He was a member of the Vermont Assem bly in 1827, 1828, and 1830; and was State's Attorney, for Washington County, in 1829. He was a Senator in Congress, from 1843 to the time of his death, which occurred in Washington City, January 14, 1853. Upson, Charles. Born in Southing- ton, Hartford County, Connecticut, March 19, 1821 ; received a good English educa tion ; removed to Michigan in 1845 ; stud ied law, and came to the bar in 1847; in 1849 and 1850 was County Clerk for St. Joseph County; in 1853 and 1854 was BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 391 Prosecuting Attorney for the same; in 1855 and 1856 held the office of State Sen ator; in 1801 and 18G2 he was Attorney General for Michigan, and was elected a Representative from Michigan to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections and Unfinished Business. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, and Revolutionary Pensions. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 1806 ; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, and made Chairman of the Committee on Ex penditures in the Navy Department. Vail, George. He was born in New Jersey, and was elected a Representative in Congress for the terms between 1853 and 1857. Vail, Henry. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Died June 25, 1833. ValJc, William IF. He was born in South Carolina, and, on removing to New York, was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. VallandigJiam, Clement L. He came of a Huguenot family, and was born in New Lisbon, Columbia County, Ohio, in 1822. He received a good education; spent one year in Jefferson College, in Ohio; spent two years as principal of an academy at Snow Hill, Maryland; re turned to Ohio in 1840; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1842; was elected to the State Legislature in 1845 and 1846 ; was editor of the " Dayton Em pire "from 1847 to 1849; for some years subsequent to that date he devoted himself wholly to his profession and politics ; was a member of the "National Democratic Convention" held at Cincinnati in 1856; ran for the Thirty-fifth Congress against L. D. Campbell, whose seat he successfully contested ; and he was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress. At the com mencement of the second session of the Thirty-fifth Congress, and during the Thirty-sixth, he was placed on the Com mittee on Territories. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress. In 1863 he was arrested by military authority for ex pressing his opinions against the war, was banished to the Southern States, and by way of Bermuda went to Canada. During his exile he was nominated for Governor of Ohio, and defeated. He sub sequently returned, and was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1864. Van Aernam, Henry. Was born in Marcellus, Onondaga County, New York, March 11, 1819; received an aca demical education, and graduated at a medical college, adopting the profession of surgeon and physician ; held various town offices, and was a member of the State Legislature in 1858; in 1862 was ap pointed Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty-fourth New York Volunteers, which he resigned in 1864; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Mileage, and Ed ucation in the District of Columbia. Van Allen, James Q.lle was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1807 to 1809, having been a member of the State Assembly, in 1804, from Columbia County. Van Allen, John E. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1799, and was a mem ber of the State Assembly in 1800 and 1801, from Reusselaer County. Van AuJcen, Dennis M.IIe was born in Pennsylvania, January 15, 1826; graduated at Union College, New York, in 1852 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1854 ; elected a Prosecuting Attorney in 1855 ; after which he was frequently ap pointed to the same office ; and in 1866 he was elected a Representative, from Penn sylvania, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and the Militia. Van Buren, John. He was one of the ablest lawyers of the Ulster County bar, in New York, and a Representative in Congress, from 1841 to 1843. He died at Kingston, January 16, 1855. Van Buren, Martin. Was born at Kinderhook, New York, Decembers, 1782. His father's circumstances were humble, and the son was only able to obtain an ordinary education at the common school and academy of his native village. In 1796 he left the academy, and commenced the study of law. In 1800 he represented the Republicans of his native town in tho " Congressional Convention " for that Dis trict. A part of the years 1802 and 1803 he spent in New York, still engaged in the study of his profession, and in November of the latter year he was admitted to the bar. He still continued to take an active part in politics. The first official distinc tion which he received was conferred upon him by Governor Tompkins, who ap pointed him Surrogate of Columbia County in 1803. He took his next step in public life in 1812. In the spring of that year he was elected to the State Sen ate. He continued a member of that body until 1820, having been, during that period, a supporter of the war and the canal proj ect. A portion of this time he also held the office of Attorney-General. lie was a 392 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. member of the "Constitutional Conven tion" of the State of New York in 1821, and in February of the same year he was elected to the United States Senate, and re-elected in 1827, serving until 1829. The following year the gubernatorial chair of the State of New York became vacant by the death of Governor Clinton, and Mr. Van Buren was selected as a candidate for that office by the Democratic party of the State. He was elected, but his career as Governor was brief. Scarcely was his administration commenced, when Presi dent Jackson, oflered him the appointment of Secretary of S .ite, and Mr. Van Buren at once accepted it. The President ap pointed him Ambassador to England, but the Senate refused to confirm the nomina tion. He received a large majority of the electoral votes for Vice-Presidentin 1832, which office he continued to fill during President Jackson's term. In 183G he was nominated for the office of President, and elected. The principal measure of his ad ministration was the establishment of the Independent Treasury. In 1840 he was again nominated for the same office, but defeated by the Whig candidate, General Harrison. After the close of his Presi dential term, in 1841, he lived in retire ment at Kinderhook, his place of birth, on an estate to which he gave the name of Lindenwald. In 1848 he was the Presi dential candidate of the section of the Democratic, party styling themselves "Barnburners," or, on that occasion, "Free-soilers," but was unsuccessful. Died near Kinderhook, July 24, 1862. Vance, Joseph. He was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, and was one of the earliest residents of the State of Ohio; served frequently in the Legislature of that State ; was a Repre sentative in Congress, from 1821 to 1835 ; Governor of the State in 1836 ; and again in Congress from 1843 to 1847, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Claims. In every public position he acquitted him self with ability, and died near the town of Urbauua, Ohio, August 24, 1851. Vance, Robert B. He was born in North Carolina, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1825. Vance, Zebulon B. He was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina, May 13, 1830 ; received a limited education, and spent one year at the State University, through the friendship of its distinguished President; he studied law, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1853; in 1854 he was elected to the Legislature, from Buncombe County; and, on the resignation of Hon. T. L. Clingman, in 1858, he was elected to succeed him in the Federal House of Representatives. Re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Revolutionary Claims ; and was Gov ernor of North Carolina from 18G1 to 1863. Van Cortlandt, Philip. He served through the Revolutionary war as a Colo nel in the New York line, fighting at Sara toga and Bemis Heights ; was a member of the State Convention which ratified the United States Constitution, and was a member of the New York Assembly, from Westchester County, in 1788, 1789, and 1790; of the State Senate from 1791 to 1794; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1793 to 1809. Died November 5, 1831, in Westchester County, aged eighty-two years. The latter part of his life was devoted to agriculture. Van Cortlandt, 7"/\, Pierce. -He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1811 to 1813, having been a member of the State Assembly in 1777. Vanderpool, Aaron. He was born at Kiuderhook, New York, February 5, 1799; received a classical education; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1820; he served in 1825, 1829, and 1830, in the State Legislature ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from 1833 to 1837, and again from 1839 to 1841. On his retirement from Congress he settled in New York City, and was appointed one of the Judges of the Superior Court, which office he held until 1850. Vanderveer, Abraham. He was born in New York, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839. Died July 20, 1839. Vandever, William. Born in Mary land, and, removing to Iowa, was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Public Lauds. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress. Served also as a Colonel in the Union army in 1861. Van DyTce, John. He was born in New Jersey ; adopted the legal profession ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1847 to 1851. He is now a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State. Van Dyke, Nicholas. lie was a Delegate, from Delaware, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1777 to 1782, and was a signer of the Articles of Confedera tion. Van DyJce, NicJiolas.Ke gradu ated at Princeton College in 1788 ; was a Representative in Congress, from Dela ware, from 1807 to 1811; a Senator in Congress from 1817 to 1826 ; and died in May, 1826. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 393 Van Gaasbeck, Peter. Re was a Representative in Cougress, from New York, from 1793 to 1795. Van Horn, Burt. Born in New- fane, Niagara County, New York, Oc tober 28, 1823 ; was educated at the Mad ison University; was elected to the State Legislature in 1858, and the two following years ; was a Representative, from New York, in the Thirty seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Private Land Claims, Roads and Canals, and as Chairman of the Select Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal ; and in 1864 he was re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolution ary Claims, and Roads and Canals. Re- elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Niagara Ship Canal, and on those on the District of Columbia and Public Build ings and Grounds. Van Horn, Robert T. Born in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, May 19, 1824 ; received a good English education ; adopted the business of a printer; was twice Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri, and Postmaster of the same; rendered military service against the Rebellion from 1861 to 18(54, as Major and Lieuten ant-Colonel of Volunteers; was a member of the Missouri Senate for three years ; and was elected a Representative, from Missouri, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Af fairs. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving on old committees, and that on Expenses on Public Buildings; and was a Delegate to the " Border States Convention," held in Baltimore in 18G7. Van Home, Archibald. He was a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1807 to 1811. Van Home, Espy. He was born in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1825 to 1829. Died at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, July 25, 1829. Van Home, Isaac. He was a Cap tain in the Revolutionary war, and a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsyl vania, from 1801 to 1805, and was then appointed Receiver of Public Moneys in Zanesville, Ohio. Van Houton, Isaac B. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835. Van Metre, John JT. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1843 to 1845, and a member of the Committee on Expenses in the Navy Department. Van Ness, John P. He was born in Ghent, Columbia County, New York, in 1770. He was educated at Columbia Col lege, and studied law, but gave up the practice on account of ill health. He was a Representative in Congress, from 1801 to 1803 ; and, having taken up his resi dence in Washington City, became the first President of the Bank of the Metrop olis in 1814; he was also elected Mayor of Washington, and, both as a public and private citizen, did much to promote the prosperity of the seat of trovernment. While a member of Congress he received, from President Jefferson, a commission as Major of Militia for the District of Columbia, which, with the fact that he married a Washington lady, was the cause of his change of residence. He died in Washington, March 7, 1846. Van Rensselaer, Henry. He was born in Albany, New York ; entered West Point as a Cadet in 1827 ; was commis sioned a Lieutenant in 1831, but resigned the following year; and was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843. During the Rebellion he served in the army as a Colonel, and a part of the time on General Scott's staff; and died in St. Louis in 1864. Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah. -He was born in 1741 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1758; was a patriot of the Revolution ; Lieutenant-Governor of New York, from 1801 to 1804; a Presidential Elector in 1801 ; a member of Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1791. He died in Albany, February 22, 1810. His brother Stephen was also in Congress, and known as the " Patroon." Van Rensselaer, Killian K.He was born in 1763 ; was a member of Con gress, from New York, from 1801 to 1811, after which he retired to private life ; and died in Albany, June 18, 1845. Van Rensselaer, Solomon. HQ was born in Rensselaer County, New Y r ork, in 1774 ; he served as an officer under General Wayne in 1794, and was wounded through the lungs, and received four wounds at the battle of Qmenstown Heights. In 1799 he was promoted to the rank of Major. He was Adjutant-General of New York from 1801 to 1810, and in 1813. He was a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1819 to 1822, when he was appointed Postmaster at Albany. He died near Albany, April 23, 1852. Van Rensselaer, Stephen. He was born in the City of New York, in November, 1764, and graduated at the University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1782; was elected a member of the New York Senate in 1795 ; was six years 394 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Lieutenant-Governor of New York; a member of Congress from 1822 to 1820. It was by his casting vote in the New York delegation that J. Q. Adams was elected President in February, 1825 ; was appointed, in 1810, one of the Canal Com missioners, and, for the last fourteen years of his life, was President of the Board ; and during the last war with England he commanded, with reputation, as Ma- jor-General on the Niagara frontier. He was distinguished for his wealth and mu nificent charities, and enjoyed the in herited title of Patroon. He died at Albany, January 26, 1839. Vansant, Joshua. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1853 to 1855; was also for many years President of the Maryland Institute. Van Trump, Philadelph.llQ was born in Lancaster, Ohio, November 15, 1810 ; received a good English education ; learned the art of printing, and edited a newspaper for several years in his native town. He studied law, and came to the bar in 1838, and became the law-partner of H. F. Stanbery, with whom he had studied his profession ; was a member of the " Baltimore Convention " of 1852, nom inating Gener.il Scott for the Presidency; was three times nominated by conventions as a candidate for the Supreme Bench of the State ; in 1862 he was elected a Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which he resigned in 1866, and in that year was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Pacific Railroad, and Manufactures. Van Valkeriburgh, ^Robert B. Born in Steuben County, New York, Sep tember 4, 1821; adopted the profession of law; served three terms in the Legis lature of New York; when the Rebellion broke out he was placed by the Governor of New York in charge of affairs at Elmira, and there organized seventeen regiments for the war; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on the Militia. In 1862, while in Congress, he took com mand, as Colonel, of the One Hundred and Seventh Regiment New York Volunteers, and was pre'sent at the battle of Antie- tam. He was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committees on the Militia, and Expen ditures in the State Department. In 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Acting Commissioner of Indian Aifairs during the absence of the Commissioner. In December, 18G5, he was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister Resident to Japan. Van Winkle, Peter <}. Was born in the City of New York, September 7, 1808 ; removed to Parkersburg, now West Virginia, in 1835; was a member of the Virginia " Constitutional Convention " of 1850; also of the " Wheeling Conven tion " of 1861 ; and also of the Convention Avhich formed the Constitution of West Virginia in 1862 ; was a member of the Legislature of that State from its organi zation to June, 1863; and in November of that year was elected a Senator in Con gress, from West Virginia, for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Commit tees on Finance, Pensions, and Post Offices and Post Road.s. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Conven tion" of 1806; and was subsequently made Chairman of the Committee on Pensions. Van Wyek, Charles JET. He was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Mileage ; also elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and appointed Chairman of the Committee on Government Contracts. While in Congress he served in the Volun teer service as the Colonel of a regiment, and in 1865 he was appointed a Brigadier- General by brevet. He was a Delegate to the Pittsburg " Soldiers' Convention " of 1865. Re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, serving as Chairman of the Com mittee on Retrenchment. He was a Dele gate to the State " Republican Conven tion " of 1867. Van Wi/ck, William W.llQ was born in Duchess County, New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1825. Varnum, James Mitchell. He was born in Dracut, Massachusetts, in 1749 ; graduated at Rhode Island College in 1769; studied law, and settled in East Greenwich. In 1774 he accepted the com mand of a company called the "Kentish, Guards." In 1777 was promoted by Con gress to the rank of Brigadier-General. In 1779 he resigned his commission in the army, and the Legislature appointed him Major-General of Militia. From 1780 to 1782 he was a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress, after which service he re turned to the practice of his profession. In 1786 he was again a Delegate to Con gress, and served one year. He was then appointed Judge of the North-west Terri tory. He died in 1790. Varnum, 707m. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1825 to 1831. He was a native of Essex County, Massachusetts ; edu cated at Harvard University; practised law for some years, at Haverhill, Massa- BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 395 chusetts ; was frequently a member of the State Legislature. He removed to Niles, in the State of Michigan, where he died, July 23, 1846, aged sixty-three years. Varnum, Joseph Bradley. Born in 175',), in Dracut, Massachusetts ; he was a General in the Revolutionary war; and a Representative in Congress from 1795 to 1811, being four years Speaker, during the Tenth and Eleventh Congresses. He was chosen Senator in 1811, served till 1817, and was President pro tern, of the Senate. Of the three conventions of Massachu setts he was a useful member. He died suddenly, September 11, 1821, being then Major-General of a division of the Militia. Venable, Abraham J3. He was a graduate of Princeton College in 1780; a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1791 to 1799 ; and a Senator of the United States from 1803 to 1804. He perished In the conflagration of the theatre at Richmond, Virginia, December 26, 1811. Venable, Abraham W. Born in Prince Edward County, Virginia, October 17, 1799; graduated at Hampden Sidney College iu 1816; studied medicine for two years, and then went to Princeton Col lege, where he graduated in 1819; he then studied law, and was admitted to the bar in North Carolina, in 1821. He was a Presidential Elector in 1832, and also in 183G ; and a Representative in Congress, from North Carolina, from 1847 to 1853. His father and six uncles were iu the Rev olutionary war, serving their country faithfully. He took part in the Rebellion of 1861 as a member of the so-called Con federate Congress, having previously been elected a Presidential Elector. Verplanck, Daniel C. He was born in New York, in 1761, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1802 to 1809. He subsequently served for many years as Judge of the County Court of Duchess County, New York, resigning in 1828, and died near Fishkill, March 29, 1834. Verplanck, Gillian C. Born in the City of New York in August, 1786 ; graduated at Columbia College in 1801 ; pursued the study of the law ; and, after his admission to the bar, he passed sev eral years abroad, in Great Britain and on the continent. On his return home lie became interested in politics, and in 1814 was a candidate of the " malcon tents" in New York for the Assembly. In 1819 he wrote the "State Trium virate, a Political Tale," being a satire on the political parties of the day, and other works of a similar description. In 1820 he was a prominent member of the New York Legislature, in which he was Chairman of the Committee on Education. He soon after became Professor of the Evidences of Christianity, in the Theolog ical Seminary of the Protestant Episcopal Church in New York, and in 1824 he pub lished his "Essays on the Nature and Uses of the various Evidences of Revealed Religion," a work written with simplici ty and elegance. The following year ap peared his "Essay on the Doctrine of Contracts ; being an Inquiry how Contracts are affected, in Law and Morals, by Con cealment, Error, or Inadequate Price." Beside these works, he contributed much to various magazines, and, in conjunction with Mr. Bryant and Mr. Sands, he pub lished the " Talisman," a sort of annual, three volumes of which appeared. Front* 1825 he was for eight years a member of Congress from the City of New York, and he was afterwards, for several years, a member of the New York Senate. He also published, in 1833, a collection of his dis courses and addresses on various subjects, and in 1844 and 1846 a handsome edition of Shakespeare. He was a Regent of the University of New York from January, 1826, and held many other local offices. Verree, John JP. Born in Philadel phia, Pennsylvania, in 1819 ; is an iron manufacturer by occupation,-- the business of his whole life heretofore ; was for six years a member of the Philadelphia Select Council, and four years the presiding offi cer of that body ; and was elected a Rep resentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving as a mem ber of the Committee on Revolutionary .Pensions. Re-elected to the Thirty-sev enth Congress. Vibbard, Chauncy.W&s born at Galway, Saratoga County, New York, November 11,1811; received a common- school education ; was employed for sev eral years as a clerk in a store, and after wards in a railroad office, in Albany; in 1848 he became the Superintendent of the Utica and Schenectady Railway Company ; and was afterwards called to the same position in the New York Central Railway Company, in which capacity he continued until elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. Vickers, George. Bora in Chester- town, Kent County, Maryland, November 19, 1801 ; received an academical educa tion; became a Clerk in the office of a County Clerk ; studied law and came to the bar in 1832 ; in 1836 he was a candi date for the State Senate of Maryland ; subsequently declined the appointment of Judge tendered by Governors Hicks and Bradford: was a Delegate to the "Balti more Convention " of 1852 ; In 1364 he was a Presidential Elector; was a member of 396 BIOGEAPHICAL RECOEDS. the State Senate in I860 and 1867 ; and in 18G8 he was elected a Senator in Congress from Maryland, for the term ending in 1873, in the place of P. F. Thomas, re jected by the Senate. At the commence ment of the Rebellion he received from the Governor the appointment of Major- General of the Maryland Militia. Vinlng, John. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Delaware, from 1789 to 1792, having voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac, and a Senator in Congress from 1795 to 1798, when he resigned. He had previously been elected a Delegate to the Continen tal Congress from 1784 to 1786. Vinton, Samuel JP. Born at South Hadley, Massachusetts, September 25, 1792. He graduated at Williams College, Massachusetts, in 1814; studied law in Middletown, Connecticut, and was ad mitted to the bar in 1816, when he removed to Ohio, and practised his profession with eminent success. He was first elected a Representative in Congress in 1823, and served fourteen years, when he declined a re-election ; he was re-elected in 1843, and served eight years in succession, when he again declined a re-election, and retired to private life, where his tastes and wishes inclined him to remain. In 1841 he was also a Presidential Elector. While in Congress, Mr. Vinton served as Chairman of several of the most important commit tees. In 1862 he was appointed a Com missioner under the act emancipating the slaves in the District of Columbia, and died in Washington in May, 1862. Voorhees, Daniel W. Was born in Fountain County, Indiana, September 26, 1828; graduated at the Indiana Asbury University in 1849; read law, and com menced the practice in 1851 ; in 1858 he was appointed United States District At torney for Indiana by President Buchanan, which office he held three years ; in 1859 he was engaged in the defence of John E. Cook, at Harper's Ferry, for participation in the John Brown raid. In 1860 he was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Elections, and was re- elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same committee. Occa sionally, by way of relieving the monoto ny of professional life, he is in the habit of addressing literary societies on sub jects of general interest. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations, but his seat was successfully contested by H. D. Washburn. 7~ose f Roger. He graduated at Har vard University in 1790; was for many years Chief Justice of the Court of Com mon Pleas in New Hampshire ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1817; and died April 17, 1842. Vrooin, Peter D. He was born in New Jersey ; graduated at Columbia Col lege, New York; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1839 to 1841. He was also Governor of New Jersey from 1829 to 1832, and for a second term from 1833 to 1836 ; and a member of the " State Constitutional Con vention" of 1844. In 1852 he was a Pres idential Elector, and in 1853 he was ap pointed Minister to Prussia. He was also a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1861. Wade, Benjamin JP. He was born in Feeding Hills Parish, Massachusetts, October 27,* 1800; received a limited edu cation, and commenced active life by teaching school and attending to agricul tural pursuits in Ohio, to which State he removed when twenty-one years of age ; he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1828, and held the various positions of Justice of the Peace, Prosecuting At torney for Ashtabula County, State Sena tor, and President of a Judicial Circuit. In 1851 he was elected a Senator in Con gress, from Ohio, for the term ending in 1857 ; and he was re-elected for a second and third term, ending in 1869, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Territo ries and of the Special Committee on the Conduct of the War, and as a member of the Committees on Foreign Relations and on the District of Columbia. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loy alists' Convention" of 1866; and on the meeting of the Fortieth Congress he was chosen President of the Senate pro tern. His father was a soldier, who fought in every battle of the Revolution from Bun ker Hill to Yorktown. Wade, Edward. He was born in West Springneld, Massachusetts, Novem ber 22, 1803,"and received a common-school education; he removed with his father to Andover, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1821, where he remained until 1824, and en gaged in clearing the land. He studied law in Albany and Troy, New York, and was admitted to the bar in Jefferson, Ohio, in 1827, and was elected Justice of the Peace in that county; in 1832 he removed to Unionville, and remained until 1837, and finally settled in Cleveland. He was elected a Representative from Ohio in the Thirty-Third Congress, to which position he has been re-elected, serving in the Thirty-sixth Congress on the Committee on Commerce. Wadsivortli, James. He was a Delegate, from Connecticut, to t',ie Con tinental Congress, from 1783 to 1786. BIOGRAPHICAL ItECORDS. 397 Wadsivorth, Jeremiah. lie was a Delegate, from Connecticut to the Con tinental Congress, from 1786 to 1788, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1789 to 1795. Died in 1804, aged sixty years. Wadsworth, Peleg. Was born in Duxbury, Massachusetts, May 6, 1748; graduated at Harvard College in 1769, and afterwards engaged in commercial pur suits. He joined the army as Captain of a company of minute men, at Roxbury, in the beginning of the war, and by his skill and courage rose rapidly in the service. He was second in command of the forces sent to Penobscot by Massachusetts in 1779, on which occasion he displayed great courage, and was taken prisoner. He rose to the rank of Brigadier-General. After the war, in 1784, he established him self in Portland, Maine, in mercantile business; and was employed much in sur veying, in which he was quite skilful. In 1792 he was elected a Senator in the Leg islature of Massachusetts, and the same year was chosen the first Representative in Congress from his district. He was successively re-elected until 1806, when he declined a further nomination. In 1798 the citizens of Portland gave him a public dinner in approbation of his con duct as their Representative. In 1807 he removed to the County of Oxford, Maine, to improve a large tract of land granted to him by government for his services. Here he passed the remainder of his. He was born at Alexandria, Virginia, in May, 1802. He removed with his father to New Jersey, and was, at an early age, admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of that State, where he practised his profession until 1829; and lie afterwards held, for a short time, a position in the Consular Bureau of the State Department at Washington. He was appointed, by President Jackson, Sec retary of the Territory of Florida, and held the office four years, performing the du ties of the Governor during his temporary absence. He was a member of the Territo rial Legislature in 1832. He was ap pointed United States District Attorney for the middle district of the Territory, which office he held until 1836. He was again a member of the Legislature, and a member of the Convention for framing a State Constitution in 1838 and 183!). On the admission of Florida into the Union as a State, in 1845, he was elected a Senator in Congress, and served until 1849. Westerlo, Hensselaer. He was born in New York, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1817 to 1819. Wethered, John. He was born in Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1845. y, Kellian V. Was born in Onoudaga County, New York, May 6, 1821. While yet young, he removed with tis father to Ohio, received a limfted education, and, when twenty-one years old, settled in Western Virginia, devoting himself to the lumber and mercantile busi ness. When the Rebellion broke out he took the Union side of the question, and was elected to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Inva lid Pensions. He afterwards acted as an Aid to Governor Pierpoint in organizing and equipping regiments, and was in command at the battle of Guyandotte, when he was taken prisoner, in Novem ber, 1861. After travelling with his cap tors sixty miles towards Richmond, he made his escape, and arrived safely at Cat- lettsburg, Kentucky, and was soon able to resume his seat in the House of Represent atives. He was re-elected to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Invalid Pensions, and as a member of the Committee on Agricul ture. He was also a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864. Re- elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims, and as a member of that on the Death of President Lincoln. He was also a member of the National Committee appointed to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. In 1868 he was appointed Collector at San tiago, Texas. Whallon, Reuben. Born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1833 to 1835, and died in Essex County, New York, April 15, 1843, aged sixty-six years. Wharton, Jesse. He represented the State of Tennessee in Congress, from 1807 to 1809, and was a United States Senator in 1814 and 1815, when he was superseded by J. Williams. He died at Nashville, July 22, 1833. Wharton, Samuel. He was a Del egate, from Delaware, to the Continental Congress, from 1782 to 1783. Wlieaton, Horace. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Wheaton, Laban.lle was born at Marshfleld, Massachusetts, and graduated at Harvard University in 1774. He studied both theology and law. He was a County Judge, and a Representative in Congress, from 1809 to 1817. He died at Norton, Massachusetts, March 23, 1846, aged nine ty-two years. Wheeler. Ezra. lie was born in Chcnango County, New York, in 1820; emigrated to Berlin, Wisconsin, in 1849; adopted the profession of law ; iu 1852 he was elected to the Legislature of Wiscon sin ; in 1854 he was elected to the office of County Judge, holding the same for eight years ; and he was elected a Representa tive, from Wisconsin, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee ou the District of Columbia. 410 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOUDS. Wheeler, Grattan H. He was a native of New York, and a Itepresentative in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833. He was also a member of the State Assembly, from Steuben County, for four years, and one year a member of the State Senate. Wlieeler, John. Born in 1823, at Darby, Connecticut; received a good commercial education, and at the age of twenty entered the mercantile business in New York City ; he subsequently engaged in hotel-keeping, which he followed at the time of his election, and during his service as a member of Congress, having been a Representative from 1853 to 1857, from New York. Wheeler, William, A. Born in Malone, Franklin County, New York, in 1820; was a member of the class of 1842 of the University of Vermont, but did not graduate ; adopted the profession of law ; in 1850 and 1851 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1857 and 1858 to the State Senate ; and in I860 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Congress. He was for many years engaged in the banking busi ness, and was President of the Ogdens- burg and Rouse's Railroad Company. He was also a Delegate to the " State Consti tutional Convention" of 1867, and was .elected its President. Whipple, Thomas. lie was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts; was bred a physician, and served the State of New Hampshire, as a Representative in Congress, from 1821 to 1829. He died at Wentworth, New Hampshire, January 23, 1835, aged fifty years. Wfiipple, William. Born in Kit- tcry, Maine, in 1730; was educated at a common English school ; commenced ac tive life as a sea-captain; in 1759 he set tled at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the mercantile business; in 1775 he was a member of the Provincial Congress ; in 1776 of the Provincial Council ; and was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1776 to 1779, and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. In 1777 he entered the army, served with distinction in several campaigns, and rose to be a Brigadier- General; in 1782 he was appointed Finan cial Receiver for New Hampshire, serv ing two years, when he resigned ; and also held the offices of Judge of the Superior' Court, and Justice of the Peace and Quorum ; and was a Commissioner on behalf of Connecticut to settle the land difficulties in Wyoming Valley. Died No vember 28, 1785. Whitcomb, James. Was born in 1795. He removed with his father to Ohio, in 1806 ; had a country-school educa tion, and prepared himself for college by teaching school, and graduated at Tran sylvania University with the highest honors. He studied law, and settled in practice in Bloomington, Indiana, in 1824. In 1826 he was appointed Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1830 was chosen a mem ber of the State Senate, and served five years. He was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office in 183G; and in 1841 returned to the practice of his pro fession at Tcrre Haute, Indiana; in 1843 he was chosen Governor of the State, and was re-elected in 184G. Ho was elected a Senator of the United States in 1849, for the term ending in 1855, which posi tion he held until his death, which oc curred in New Yoi-k, October 4, 1852. He was much interested in tho American Bible Society, of which association he was Vice-President. White, Addison. lie was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. White, Albert S. Was born in Blooming Grove, Orange County, New York, October 24, 1803 ; graduated at Union College in 1822 ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar, at Newburg, in 1825 ; removed to Indiana in 1829 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839 ; was a Sen ator in Congress, from 1839 to 1845 ; dur ing his service in Congress, he was in strumental in securing grants of land for the Wabash and Erie Canal ; and, after leaving Congress, he abandoned politics, and turned his attention to the railroad business, becoming President of the Wa bash and Indianapolis, and of the Lake Erie, Wabash, and St. Louis Companies. Earlier in life he was for five years Clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives; and was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving as a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and Chairman of a Select Committee on Emancipation. After leav ing Congress, he was appointed, by Pres ident Lincoln, a Commissioner to settle certain claims against the Sioux Indians. In January, 1864, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Judge of the District Court of Indiana. He died in Stockwell, Indiana, September 4, 1864. White, Alexander. lie was a Del egate to the Continental Congress, from North Carolina, from 1786 to 1788, and a Representative in Congress, from 1789 to 1793, and distinguished for his eloquence and patriotism. He died at Woodville, Virginia, in 1804, aged sixty-six years. He was one of those who voted for lo cating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 411 White, Alexander. lie was born in Tennessee, and, having settled in Alabama, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. White, Allison. He was born in Pennsylvania, December 21, 1816; re ceived a common-school education; stud ied law, and practised his profession for twelve years. He was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thir ty-fifth Congress, from the fifteenth Con gressional District of that State, and was Chairman of the Committee on Expendi tures on the Public Buildings. White, Bartoiv W. He was born in Westchester County, New York; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827. WJiite, Benjamin. He was born in Maine; a farmer by occupation; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1844 to 1845. During the years 1841 and 1842 he was also a member of the Maine Legislature. White, Campbell JP. Was born in New York; for many years a prominent merchant in that city; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1829 to 1835. He also took a lead ing part in the " New York Convention " of 184G. He died February 12, 1859, leaving an exalted reputation for abilities, and sterling qualities of heart and man ners. White, Chilton A. Was born in Georgetown, Brown County, Ohio, Feb ruary, 1826; studied law with General Thomas L. Hamer, under whom he served one year as a private soldier in Mexico ; was admitted to the bar in 1848, and set tled in his native town. In 1852 and 1853 he was the Prosecuting Attorney for Brown County; in 1859 and 1860 was chosen a Senator in the State Legislature ; but before the expiration of his second term he was elected a Representative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, serving on the Committee on Pub lic Expenditures. He was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, and Ex penditures in the Post Office Department. White, David. He was one of the Judges of the Circuit Court of Kentucky, and represented that State in Congress from 1823 to 1825. He died in Franklin County, Kentucky, February 17, 1835, aged fifty years. WJiite, Edward D. Governor of Louisiana, and a Representative in Con gress, from that State, from 1829 to 1834, t\nd again from 1839 to 1843. His popu larity was great and well deserved. He died in New Orleans, April 18, 1347. White, Francis. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Virginia, his native State, from 1813 to 1815. WJiite, Hugh. He was born in New York, followed the plough until he was nineteen years of age, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, froio his native State, from 1845 to 1851. WJiite, Hugh Laivson. lle was born in Iredell County, North Carolina, October 30, 1773; removed with his father to Knox County, Tennessee, in 1786 ; vol unteered as a private soldier during the Indian hostilities in 1792. In 1794 he went to Philadelphia, and pursued a course of mathematical studies, and then went to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and studied law. He commenced the practice of his profes sion at Knoxville, in 1796. In 1801 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of the State and served until 1807. In 1808 lie was appointed District Attorney, and in 1809 was elected to the State Senate ; he again served six years in the Supreme Court as Judge, and in 1815 was chosen President of the State Bank of Tennessee. In 1820 he was again a member of the State Senate, and about that time was ap pointed, by President Monroe, a Commis sioner to adjust the claims of our citizens against Spain. He was elected a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1835, and from 1836 to 1840, serving on one occasion as President pro tern, of the Senate, and on important committees. At the election for President of the United States, in 1836, he received all the votes (twenty-six) of Georgia and Tennessee. He resigned his seat in the Senate in 1839, having re ceived instructions to vote against his own judgment. Soon after reaching his home, in Knoxville, he died April 10, 1840. White, James. Tie was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1792 to 1794.' White, John. He was born in 1805; served, from 1835 to 1845, as a Represent ative in Congress from Kentucky, and was Speaker of the House during the Twenty-seventh Congress. He was Judge of the "Nineteenth Judicial District at the time of his death, which occurred at Rich mond, Kentucky, by suicide, September 22, 1845. His talents and attainments were of a high order. White, Joseph L. Was born in Cherry Valley, New York; studied law in Utica, and settled in Indiana ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1841 to 1843. After leaving Con gress he settled in New York City, and practised his profession with success. He 412 BIOGRAPHICAL KECOKDS. subsequently entered into an India-rubber speculation, and, while on a business visit to Nicaragua, he was shot by a drunken man, from the effects of which he died in January, 1861. White, Joseph M.Hc was born in Franklin County, Kentucky, and was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Florida, from 1823 to 1837, and died at St. Louis, Missouri, October 18, 1839, while on a visit to his brother. He was an eminent lawyer, and noted for his elo quence and acquirements. White, Joseph W.Was born in Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio, Octo ber 2, 1822; studied law, and came to the bar in 1844 ; in 1845 and 1847 he was ap pointed Prosecuting Attorney for his native county ; and was elected a Repre sentative, from Ohio, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committees on Mileage, and Expenditures in the Treasury Department. White, Leonard. Born in Haver- hill, Massachusetts, in 1767. He was a fellow-student of John Quincy Adams, and at Harvard they were of the class of 1787. He was for many years Town Clerk and Treasurer, and represented his town in the Legislature, and his district in Con gress, from 1811 to 1813, and then he was appointed Cashier of the Merrimack Bank, which office he held until the infirmities of age obliged him to retire. He died in Haverhill, October 10, 1849. White, Phillips. He was a Dele gate, from New Hampshire, to the Conti nental Congress, in 1782 and 1783. White, Phineas. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1797, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ver mont, from 1821 to 1823. He was Register of Probate in the town of Pomfret, from 1800 to 1809; County Attorney in 1813; served eight years in the two branches of the State Legislature; and died in 1847, aged seventy-seven years. He was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts. White, Samuel. Was a United States Senator, from Delaware, from 1801 until his death which occurred at Wil mington, Delaware, November 4, 1809, aged thirty-nine years. Whitehall, James. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1813 to 1814, when he resigned. He was also Judge of a County Court, and a General of Militia. Died at Strasburg, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1822, at a very advanced age. Whitehill, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1803 to 1807. Died in 1815, aged ninety-four years. Whitehill, Robert. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1805 to 1813, the year in which he died. Whiteley, William G. Born in Newark, New Castle County. Delaware, graduated at Nassau Hall, Princeton, in 1838. He was a lawyer by profession, and was elected a member of the Thirty-fifth Congress, from Delaware, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Agricul ture. He was re-elected to the Thirty- sixth Congress, serving on the same Committee, and also on the Special Com mittee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. Whiteside, Jenkins. Tie was a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1809 to 1811, and died September 24, 1822. Whiteside, John. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1815 to 1819. Whitefleld, J. W. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Delegate, from the Territory of Kansas, to tha Thirty-fourth Congress. Whitman, EzeJciel.Eorn in East Bridge water, Massachusetts, March 11, 1776; graduated at Brown University in 1795 ; settled as a lawyer in the District of Maine in 1798; he was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas and also of the Su perior Court of Maine, presiding as such for twenty-five years ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Massachu setts, from 1809 to 1811, and from 1817 to 1821; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Maine from 1821 to 1823. He was also a member of the Executive Coun cil of Maine in 1815 and 1816, and a mem ber of the Convention to form a Constitu tion in 1819. Died in East Bridgewater, Massachusetts, August 1, 1866. Whitman, Lemuel. He YK-SS a graduate of Yale College in 1800; was a Representative in Congress, from Con necticut, from 1823 to 1824; and died at Farmingtou, November 18, 1841. WJiitneji, Thomas R. He was born in New York City in 1804; served two years in the Assembly of that State, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1855 to 1857. He de voted much of his life to literary pursuits, having been at one time editor of the New York " Sunday News," and was the author of a poem called the "Ambus cade," and a political work entitled " The American Policy Vindicated." He died April 12, 1858. BIOGRAPHICAL RECOEDS. 413 WJiittemore, Ellas. He was born in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, and was a Kepresentative in Congress, from New York, from 1825 to 1827. Whittlesey, Ellsha. He was born in Washington, Connecticut, October 19, 1783 ; lie spent a part of his boyhood on a farm ; received an academical education ; studied law; and in 1806 removed to the Western Keserve of Ohio, from which district he was a Representative in Con gress from 1823 to 1839. He served in the war of 1812 as Aide-de-camp to Gen eral E. Waclsworth; was for sixteen years a Prosecuting Attorney; and was elected to the State Legislature in 1820 and in 1821. He was appointed, by Pres ident Harrison, Auditor for the Post Of fice Department, and, by President Tay lor, was appointed First Comptroller of the Treasury, which oflice he continued to hold until the accession of President Buchanan. He was reappointed to the same position, by President Lincoln, in 1861. Died in Washington, January 7, 18G3. Whittlesey, Frederick. He was born in Washington, Connecticut, in June, 1799; graduated at Yale College in 1818; studied law, and Avas admitted to the bar at Utica, New York, in 1821 ; set tled in Rochester in 1822; was a Repre sentative in Congress from 1831 to 1835; in 183! he was chosen Vice-Chancellor of the Eighth Judicial District of New York, and retained the office eight years; he was also a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State; and in 1850 he was elected Professor of Law in Genesee College. He died in Rochester, New York, Septem ber 19, 1851. Whittlesey, Thomas T. He was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale College in 1817; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from his native State, from 1S3G to 1839. Whittlesey, William A. He was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale College; studied law, and settled in practice in Ohio ; and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1851. Wick, William W. Born in Canonsburg, Washington County, Penn sylvania, February 23, 1796. He received a classical education, and was pursuing a collegiate course when the death of his father threw him upon his own re sources ; he then followed the occupation of a teacher, and devoted his leisure hours to the study of medicine until 1818, when he was induced to adopt the law as his pro fession, and prosecuted his studies with the Hon. Thomas Corwin, and located, for practice, in Fayette County, Indiana, in 1820. He was that year Assistant Clerk of the House of Representatives, and in 1821 Assistant Secretary of the State Senate. In 1822 he was chosen President Judge of the Fifth Judicial Cir cuit, and in 1825 became Secretary of State; in 1829 he was Attorney for the State in the same circuit, from Avliich of fice he retired in 1831, and was again President Judge for three years ; in 1839 he was elected a Representative in Con gress, and again in 1845 and 1847; in 1850 he was again chosen President Judge, and from 1853 to 1857 Postmaster at Indian apolis. He served in the Militia of the State as Brigadier-General, Quartermas ter and Adjutant-General. In 1857 he re sumed the practice of the legal profession. Died at home in May, 1868. WicJces, Eliphalet. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807. WicJcliffe, Charles A. He was born in Bardstown, Kentucky, June 8, 1788; was educated at the Bardstown grammar-school; studied law, and at tained a high position at the bar. In 1812 he was appointed Aide-de-camp to Gen eral Winlock, and during the same year was elected to the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1813. He Avas at the battle of the Thames as Aid to General Cald- well, after which he \vas again elected to the Legislature, where he continued until elected to Congress, from Kentucky, in 1823, and to which he was four times re- elected. He Avas for several sessions Chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. On his retirement from Congress, in 1833, he Avas again elected to the Leg islature, and Avas Speaker in 1834; in 1836 he Avas elected Lieutenant-Governor of Kentucky; on the death of Governor Clark, in 1839, he became Acting Govern or, and in 1841 Avas appointed Postmas ter-General by President Tyler. In 1845 he Avas sent, by President Polk, on a secret mission to Texas, to look after annexa tion ; in 1849 he Avas a member of the Convention called to revise the State Con stitution; and in 1861 he once again became a Representative in Congress, from Kentucky, having previously occupied a scat in the "Peace Convention" of Feb ruary in that year, and served to the close of the Thirty-seventh Congress. He Avas also a Delegate to the " Chicago Con vention" of 1866. Widgery, William. He Avas Lieu tenant of a Privateer in the Revolutionary Avar; served in the Massachusetts Legis lature in 178'.), 1791, 1793, 1794, and 1797; a State Councillor in 180G and 1807; Judge of the Court of Common Picas i'rom 1813 to 1822; and a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, from 1S11 414 BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. to 1813. He was born in Philadelphia in 1753, and died in Boston, August 7, 1822. Wigfall, Leivis T. He was a Sen ator iu Congress, from Texas, from 1859 until that State seceded, when he became identified with the great Rebellion as a Brigadier-General. Was expelled from the Senate in July, 1861 ; and after the war he settled in London. Wilbur, Isaac. Born in Rhode Isl and ; was for many years Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State, and in 180G was Acting Governor. He was a Representative in Congress, from Rhode Island, from 1807 to 1809. Wilcox, Jeduthun. Born in New Hampshire in 17G9, and died at Orford, in the same State, in July, 1838. He was a Representative in Congress from 1813 to 1817. Wilcox, John A. He was born in North Carolina, and, on removing to Mis sissippi, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1851 to 1853. Wilcox, Leonard. He was a native of New Hampshire ; graduated at Dart mouth College in 1817 ; was a member of the State Legislature ; was a Judge of the Superior Court; and was a Senator iix Congress, from New Hampshire, during the years 1812 and 1843. He died in 1850, aged fifty years. Wilde, Richard Henri/. He was born in the City of Dublin, Se'ptember 24, 1789. His childhood was passed in Balti more. His father having died, he ob tained the rudiments of learning from his mother and a private tutor, and in his eleventh year was placed as a clerk in a store; in 1802 he went with his mother to Augusta, Georgia, and the twain obtained a living by merchandising, in a small way, the boy devoting all his leisure to books. Under many difficulties he studied law, and practised with success ; also devoted himself to polite literature ; as an Advo cate he rose to eminence; was made At torney-General of Georgia; and, in 1815, was elected a Representative in Congress, from that State; was re-elected in 1823, and again in 1827, serving with marked ability until 1835. After leaving Congress he visited Europe, and and on his return devoted hinvelf to literature, politics, and law. In 1843 he removed to New Orleans, where he added to his reputation as a lawyer, and was elected Professor of Constitutional Law in the University of Louisiana. lie died in New Orleans, Sep tember 10, 1847, leaving a reputation composed of the elements of the states man, the orator, and the poet. One of his lyrics, entitled "My Life is like a Summer Rose," attracted the praise of Lord Byron. His literary productions were quite nu merous, and they all bear the impress of a gifted and highly educated mind. His principal work was a "Life of Tasso," which evinced his familiarity with Italian literature, and gave him a rank among the best scholars. Wilder, A. Carter. He was bora in Mendon, Worcester County, Massachu setts, March 18, 1828; in 1850 removed to Rochester, New York, and in 1857 to Kan sas, where he was engaged in mercantile pursuits ; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" in 1860; and in 1802 he was elected a Representative, from Kansas, to the Thirty- eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the "Baltimore Con vention" of 1864. Wildman, Zalmon. He was from Dan bury, Connecticut; and was elected a Representative in Confess, from that State, from 1835 to 1836. He died at Washington, District of Columbia, De cember 10, 1835, before the expiration of his term. WildricJc, Isaac. He was born in New Jersey; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1849 to 1853. Wile}/, James S. He was born in Maine; graduated at \Vaterville College iu!836; studied law; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1847 to 1849. Willcin, James W. Born in 1762; graduated at Princeton College in 1785; was a member of the Legislature of New York in 1800; and held many other places in the gift of his fellow-citizens; and was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1819. He died at Goshen, New York, February 23, 1845. Wilkin, Samuel J. He was bom in New York; graduated at Princeton Col lege in 1812 : and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1831 to 1833 ; having been in the State Assembly, from Orange County, in 1824 and 1825. He was also the Whig candidate for Lieu tenant-Governor oa the ticket with Mil- lard Fillmore. Died iu Goshen, Orange County, New York, March 11, I860, aged seventj'-six years. WilJcins, William. He was born in 1779 ; was a Senator in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1831 to 1834 ; a Rep resentative in Congress from 1813 to 1844; Secretary of War, from 1844 to 1845, under President Tyler ; and was appointed Min ister Plenipotentiary to Russia in 1834. lie subsequently held the office of Judge BIOGEAPHICAL KECOKDS. 415 of the United States District Court for "Western Pennsylvania; and died near Pittsburgh, June 23, 1865. Wilkinson, Morton 8. Was born in Skeneateles, Onondaga County, New York. January 22, 1819; received an aca demical education, working occasionally upon his father's farm ; in 1837 he removed to Illinois, and was employed for two years upon the railroad works then com menced in that State; returned to his na tive town, studied law, and was admitted to the bar, after which he removed to the West again, and settled at Eaton Rapids, in Michigan ; in 1847 he settled in Minne sota, and in 1849, when that Territory was organized, he was elected to the Leg islature, and the laws adopted by the Territory as its code were of his draught ing; and in 1859 he was chosen a Senator in Congress, from Minnesota, for the term ending in 18G5, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Revolutionary Claims, and as a member of the Committee on In dian Aiiairs. He was also a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864, and to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven- vention " of 1806. Willey, Calvin. Born at East Had- dam, Connecticut, September 15, 1776; he read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1798 ; he served in the State Legislature and Senate a number of years, and was Postmaster at Stafford Springs eight years ; Judge of Probate for seven years ; in 1824 he was a Presidential Elector; and a Senator in Congress from 1825 to 1831. He died at Stafford, Connecticut, August 23, 1858. Willey, Waitman T. Was born on Buffalo Creek, Monongalia County, Virginia, October 18, 1811 ; received a common-school education, and graduated at Madison College in 1831 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1833 ; in 1841 he was elected Clerk of the Monougalia County Court; subsequently Clerk of the Circuit Court, holding the two fourteen years ; in 1850 he was elected to the Con vention to reform the Constitution of Vir ginia; in 1853 he delivered a series of lectures on Methodism, took part in va rious local societies, lectured on various topics, and wrote for the reviews ; in 1858 he was a Delegate to the " National Con vention " of that year ; in the winter of 1860 and 1861 he was a Delegate to the " Richmond Convention ; " and in 1861 he was elected by the reorganized Legisla ture of Virginia a Senator in Congress ; and at the close of that year was a Dele gate to the Wheeling " Constitutional Convention ; " and in 1863 he was elected a Senator in Congress from West Vir ginia, serving on the Committees on Naval Affairs, the District of Columbia, and En grossed Bills. In 1863 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Alleghany College of Pennsylvania. In 1864 lie was re-elected to the Senate for the term com mencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, serv ing as Chairman of the Committee ou Patents and the Patent Office, and also of that on Claims. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Conven tion "of 1866. Williams, Benjamin. He was a native of North Carolina; a patriot of the Revolution; and a member of Congress from 1793 to 1795. He also served inany years in the State Legislature, and was twice elected Governor of North Carolina, in 1799 and 1807. He died in Moore County, of that State. Williams, Christopher H. He was born in Tennessee ; and a Represent ative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843, and again from 1849 to 1853. Williams, David R. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1805 to 1809, and again from 1811 to 1813, in which year he was appointed, by President Madison, Briga dier-General. He was also Governor of South Carolina from 1814 to 1816. Williams, George H. He was born in Columbia County, New York, March 23, 1823 ; received an academical education in Onondaga County, studied law, and on being admitted to the bar in 1844 immediately emigrated to Iowa; in 1847 he was elected Judge of the first Ju dicial District of that State ; was a Pres idential Elector in 1852; from President Pierce he received, in 1853, the appoint ment of Chief Justice of the Territory of Oregon, and was reappoiuted by Presi dent Buchanan in 1857, but resigned; was a member of the "Constitutional Conven tion " which preceded the formation of a State Government; and in 1864 he was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ore gon, for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, serving on the Commit tees on the Judiciary, on Claims, on Pri vate Land Claims, on Finance, and the Special Committees on the Rebellious States and Retrenchment, and as Chair man of the Committees on the Expenses of the Senate and Private Land Claims. He was also a member of the National Committee to accompany the remains of President Lincoln to Illinois. Williams, Henry. He was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, in November 1804; adopted the profession of law; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1839 to 1841, and from 1843 to 1845. He was also a Senator for two years ; and a Representative in the State Legislature for three years. 41G BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Williams, HezeTciah.lle was born in Woodstock, Windsor County, Vermont ; graduated at Dartmouth College in 1820; studied law ; was llegister of Probate from 1824 to 1838; a State Senator from 1839 to 1811 ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Maine, from 1845 to 1849. He died October 24, 1856, aged fifty-eight years. Williams, Jr., Isaac. He was a native of New York; and was a Repre sentative in Congress from that State, from 1814 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819, and again from 1823 to 1825. Williams, James W. He was a native of Maryland, and was for many years a prominent member of the Legis lature of that State, being for a time Speaker of the House of Delegates. In May, 1841, he was elected to Congress as a Representative, and continued a mem ber of that body until the time of his death, in December, 1842. While on his way to Washington, December 2, 1843, he was stricken with paralysis, while in his carriage, and survived the attack but a short time. His age was about fifty- five years. Williams, Jared.lle was born in Montgomery County, Maryland, March 4, 1766, and died in Frederick County, Vir ginia, January 2, 1831. In 1811 he was elected to the House of Delegates of Vir ginia and served a number of years ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1819 to 1825. In 1829 he was a Presidential Elector, voting for General Jackson, and was appointed, by the Electoral College, to transmit the vote to Washington. When not in public life, he was devoted to the pursuits of agriculture. Williams, Jared W.~- He was born in New Hampshire ; graduated at Brown University in 1818 ; settled as a lawyer in Lancaster; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1841 ; and a Senator in Congress from 1853 to 1854, by appointment, in place of C. G. Atherton, deceased. He was Gov ernor of New Hampshire from 1847 to 1849 ; served several terms in the State Legislature ; and died in Lancaster, New Hampshire, September 29, 1804. Williams, John. He was a. Dele gate, from North Carolina, to the Conti nental Congress, from 1787 to 1788, and signed the Articles of Confederation. Williams, John. He was a mem ber of the New York Senate, from 1777 to 1779, and from 1783 to 1795, from Wash ington County; of the Assembly from 1781 to 1782; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1795 to 1799. Williams, John. He was a Senator in Congress, from Tennessee, from 1815 to 1823, and was highly respected for his talents and character. He died at Kuox- ville, August 7, 1837. Williams, John. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1855 to 1857. Williams, Joseph L. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1843. Williams, Lemuel. lie graduated at Harvard University in 1765, and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1799 to 1805. He died in 1827. Williams, Leivis.'Born in Surry County, North Carolina; graduated at the University of North Carolina in 1808; entered the House of Comin >ns of his native State in 1313; was re-elected in 1814 ; and was a Representative in Congress from 1815 to 1842, where, for his many good qualities and his long service, he was known as the "Father of the House." He died in Washington, while represent ing his State in Congress, February 23, 1842, aged nearly sixty years. He was for fifteen years Chairman of the Committee on Claims. Williams, Marrnadwlte. Born April 6, 1772, in Caswell County, North Carolina; he was a lawyer by profession, and served as a Representative in Con gress, from his native State, from 1803 to 1809. In 1810 he removed, with his fam ily, to Madison County, Alabama, and thence to Tuscaloosa, in 1818. He was repeatedly elected to the Legislature, and was a Delegate, from Tuscaloosa County, to the Convention which formed the State Constitution. Was a candidate for Gov ernor, but defeated by William W. Bibb. In 1826 was appointed a Commissioner to adjust the unsettled accounts between Alabama and Mississippi, growing out of their territorial relationship. In 1832 was elected Judge of the County Court, which office he held until April, 1842, when he resigned, having attained the age of seventy, which the Constitution declares a disqualification for the bench. He died in Tuscaloosa, October 29, 1850. Williams, Nathan. He was born in New York; served in the State Assem bly, from Onondaga, in 1816, 1817, and 1818; and was a Representative in Con gress, from New York, from 1805 to 1807. BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 417 Williams, Rewel. Born in Hallo- well (now Augusta), Maine, June 2, 1783; had an academic education, and was a lawyer by profession. He was a Repre- sentative and Senator in the Legislature of Maine for twelve years, and a Senator in Congress from 1837 to 1843. He re ceived, from Bowdoin College, the degree of LL.D., and was a Trustee of that institution. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1836. Died at Augusta in 1862. Williams, Robert. He was born in Caswell County, North Carolina, and bred to the law. He was the brother of Mar- maduke Williams, and distinguished for his attainments; was an Adjutant-General of North Carolina, and a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1797 to 1803, and was appointed Commissioner of Land Titles in Mississippi Territory in 1803. He was also Governor of the Ter ritory of Mississippi from 1805 to 1809. He emigrated to Tennessee towards the close of his life and died in Louisiana. Williams, Sherrod.lle was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1835 to 1841. Williams, Thomas. Was born in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Penn sylvania, August 28, 1806 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1825; studied law, and came to the bar in 1828 ; settled in Pittsburg, from which place he was sent, as Senator to the State Legislature in 1838, and the three following years ; in 1860 he was re-elected to the lower house of the Legislature ; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsyl vania, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Judi ciary, and on Coinage, Weights and Measures; re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old committees, and was one of the Managers of the Im peachment of Andrew Johnson. Williams, Thomas Hill. Was a native of North Carolina, and read law, but relinquished the profession for a clerk ship in the War Department at Washing ton. In 1805 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, Register of the Land Office, and Commissioner for deciding Land Claims in the Territory of Missis sippi ; he subsequently held the office for a few years of Collector of New Orleans ; and was a Senator in Congress, from Mis sissippi, from 1817 to 1831. Late in life he removed to Tennessee, and there died. Williams, Thomas H. He emi grated to the northern part of Missis sippi soon after the cession of Indian territory in that quarter, and held the 27 office of a Senator in Congress, from Mis sissippi, during the years 1838 and 1839, by executive appointment. Williams, Thomas Scott. Born at Wethersueld, Connecticut, June 26, 1777; graduated at Yale College in 1794; studied law at Litchfleld; was admitted to the bar in Wiudham County, in 1799, and commenced practice at Mansfield, whence he removed to Hartford in 1803. In 1809 he was appointed Attorney of the Board of Managers of the School Fund. He represented the town of Hartford in the General Assembly for seven terras, from 1813 to 1829 ; and was elected a Rep resentative in Congress, from Connecti cut, from 1817 to 1819. In 1829 he was appointed an Associate Judge of the Su preme Court of Errors, and in 1834 was appointed Chief Justice, and in the same year he received the degree of LL.D. from Yale College. He was Mayor of the City of Hartford from 1831 to 1835. In 1847 he resigned his position as Chief Justice, his term having expired by constitutional limitation. He was for twenty years President of the American Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, and Vice President fora long time of the Insane Retreat at Hart ford, and of the Board of Foreign Mis sions, and subsequently President of the American Tract Society. He lived in re tirement at Hartford, until December 15, 1861, when he died, leaving a much-loved name for his benevolence. Elector in 1848. Williams, Thomas W. Born in Stonington, Connecticut, September 28, 1789; was educated at Plainfleld and Stonington Academies; received a com mercial education in New York City, and was engaged in mercantile business in New London, Connecticut, for many years. He was a Representative in Congress, from Connecticut, from 1839 to 1843 ; a member of the Legislature in 1846 ; and chosen Presidential Elector in 1848. Williams, William. lie was born in Lebanon, Windham County, Connecti cut, April 8, 1731 ; graduated at Harvard College in 1751; in 1755 he was commis sioned as a Staff Officer, and after one cam paign among the Indians, returned home and commenced the mercantile business. Soon after he was elected Town Clerk, a member of the Assembly of Connecticut, and a Justice of the Peace, and was, for nearly one hundred sessions, member, Clerk, or Speaker of the House of Repre sentatives. At the commencement of the war he was a member of the Council of Safety; was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence ; and a Del egate to the Continental Congress from 1776 to 1778, and again in 1783 and 1784. When the government Treasury was drained, he gave to his country what he called his " last mite," which amounted to 418 B1OGEAFIIICAL EECOKDS. more than $2,000, and ho was very fortu nate in obtaining donations from others. For forty years he held the more honora ble local offices of his town and county; and was a member of the Convention which formed the first Constitution of Connecticut. Died August 2, 1811, greatly lamented. Williams, William. He was born near Carlisle, Cumberland County, Penn sylvania, May 11, 1821; received a good English education; adopted the profes sion of law, and, on removing to Indiana, was chosen Treasurer of Kosciusko Coun ty in 1850; in 1852 was the unsuccessful Whig candidate for Lieutenant-Governor of the State; in I860 he was chosen by the Legislature Director of the Northern Indiana State Prison ; in 1862 he was commissioned by the Governor, Com mandant of Camp Allen, with the rank of Colonel ; in 1864 he was appointed an ad ditional Paymaster of the United States ; and in 1866 was elected a Representative from Indiana to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the Dis trict of Columbia, Expenditures in the War Department, and Education in the District of Columbia. Williamson, Hugh, Born in Penn sylvania, December 5, 1735, and died sud denly, May 22, 1819. He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1757 ; studied divinity, and preached two years ; in 1760 was appointed Professor of Math ematics in the University of Pennsylvania ; resigned in 1764, and went to Edinburgh to study medicine ; on his return, In 1772, settled in practice in his profession in Philadelphia; he again visited Europe, and had much to do with matters con nected with the Revolution; he subse quently engaged in commercial pursuits, and an accident took him to Edenton, North Carolina. With that State he was long and honorably identified. He served a number of years in the House of Com mons ; also in the Continental Congress from 1782 to 1785, and from 1787 to 1788 ; was a Delegate to the Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, and signed the same ; was a Rep resentative in Congress, from North Caro lina, from 1790 to 1793 ; and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. In 1811 he published a work on the Climate of America; in 1812, a History of North Carolina.; and he was associated with De Witt 'Clinton, in 1814, in forming the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York. He enjoyed the respect of all who knew him, and died universally la mented. Williamson, William Z). Born In Canterbury, Connecticut, July 31, 1779; graduated at Crown University in 1804 ; studied and adopted the law as a profes sion, commencing practice in 1807, at Bangor; he was for seven years in the Senate of Massachusetts, before the sepa ration of Maine, also a Senator in the Maine Legislature in 1821; part of that year Acting Governor of Maine ; a mem ber of Congress, from Maine, from 1821 to 1823; Judge of Probate from 1827 to 1840; and a Bank Commissioner from 1838 to 1841. He was author, also, of a History of Maine. Died at Bangor, May 27, 1846. Willing, Thomas. He was one of the first to talk about resisting the Brit ish in Pennsylvania; was Chairman of a Revolutionary meeting in June, 1774 ; and he was Delegate to the Continental Con gress in 1775 and 1776. Willis, Francis. He was born in Frederick County, Virginia, January 5, 1825; received a good education; and, removing to Georgia in 1784, he was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1791 to 1793. In 1811 he took up his residence in Tennessee, and led the life of a retired gentleman. He died in Maury County, Tennessee, January 25, 1829. Willoughby,Jr.,Westel.RQ was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1816 to 1817. Wilmot, David. Born at Bethany, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, January 20, 1814. He was educated at Bethany Academy, and at Aurora, Cayuga County, New York ; read law, and was admitted to the bar in 1834 ; he was a member of Con gress from 1845 to 1851 ; and subsequently President Judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, which position he resigned, but to which he was re-elected. He was the author of a slavery proviso, which caused some excitement in Con gress when he was a member. In 1861 he was elected a Senator in Congress, where he remained until 1863, serving on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, on Claims, and on Pensions. He was also a Dele gate to the "Peace Congress" of 1861. In 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Judge of the Court of Claims ; and died in Towanda, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1868. Wilson, Alexander. He was a Representative in Congress, from Vir ginia, from 1804 to 1809. Wilson, Edgar C. He was a na tive of Virginia, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1833 to 1835. Died at Morgantown, Vir ginia, in May, 1860. Wilson, E. K. IIe graduated at Princeton College in 1789, and wus a BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 419 Representative in Congress, from Mary- laud, from 1827 to 1831. Wilson, Henrif, He was born in Daupliiu County, Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1823 to 1826. Died in Alleutown, Pennsylvania, August 14, 1826. Wilson, Henr)/ .Horn. February 16, 1812, iu Farmingtou, New Hampshire; was brought up on a farm; and when twenty-one went to Natick, Massachusetts, where he learned to make shoes. In 1840 he was elected to the Legislature of Mas sachusetts, in which he served four years, and then four years in the State Senate, of which he was President two sessions. In 1848 he became the Proprietor and Editor of the "Boston Republican; " in 1852 he was the Free Soil candidate for Congress, but was defeated ; in 1853 he was a mem ber of the " State Constitutional Conven tion," and has since then taken an active part in political conventions; and in 1855 he was elected a Senator in Congress, and was re-elected in 1859 for a long terra. From 1842 to 1851 he was actively con nected with the Militia of Massachusetts as Major, Colonel, and Brigadier-General. In 1861 he raised the Twenty-second Reg iment of Massachusetts Volunteers, of which he became Colonel, and, after join ing the army of the Potomac, was made a a member of General McClellan's staff, on which he served until the meeting of Con gress. From the commencement of the war he was Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, which had to pass on eleven thousand appointments, and to de vise most important measures of legisla tion during the Rebellion. In 1856 he was challenged by Preston Brooks, of South Carolina, for pronouncing his as sault on Senator Sumner " murderous, brutal, and cowardly ; " but he replied that, while believing in the right of self- defence, he declined the challenge, as duelling, in his opinion, was a violation of law, and the relic of a barbarous age. He was again re-elected to the Senate for the term commencing in 1865, and ending in 1871, and was made Chairman of the Committee on Pensions, though continu ing at the head of the Military Committee, and serving on the Committee on Appro priations. He published a work entitled " Anti-slavery Measures in Congress," and a History of the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses, as well as of the Congressional measures connected with the prosecution of the war for the Union. He was the originator of the bill abolishing slavery in the District of Co lumbia, and also that establishing the American Academy of Sciences. He was also one of the Senators designated by the Senate to attend the funeral of Gen eral Scott in 1866 ; and he was also a Dele gate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Con vention" of 1866. Wilson, Isaac. During the war of 1812 he commanded a company of cavalry, and was in some of the severest actions on the Northern frontier. He was subse quently elected a member of the Assembly of New York, and also of the Senate. Ho was elected a Representative in Congress in 1823, and, at the end of his term, his seat having been successfully contested by P. Adams, was appointed first Judge of Genesee County, aud held it until his re moval to Batavia, Illinois, where he died October 25, 1848. Wilson, tTames. Born near St. An drews, Scotland, iu 1742; received a classi cal education, and had for tutors Doctors Blair and Watts ; emigrated to Philadel phia in 1766, and became tutor in the col lege of that city ; adopted the profession of law, and removed to Reading, aud soon afterwards to Carlisle ; lived a year in Maryland, and then settled in Philadel phia; was an active member of a war con vention in 1773; was a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1775 to 1778, in 1782-'83, and from 1785 to 1787; was a signer of the Declaration of Indepen dence; on the commencement of hostilities he was appointed a Colonel in the army, and was a Commissioner to treat with the Indians. When not in Congress he acted as Advocate-General for the French na tion ; was a Director iu the Bank of North America; was a member of the Conven tion to form the Federal Constitution, and signed that instrument; also of that to alter the Constitution of Pennsylvania. In 1789 he was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; in 1790 he was appointed Law Professor in the University of Philadelphia; received the degree of LL.D. ; and died August 28, 1798, in Edenton, North Carolina, while upon a visit to that place. His writings on Politics and Jurisprudence enjoy a high reputation. Wilson, J~ames. Horn in 1757; graduated at Harvard University in 1789 ; was a lawyer by profession ; and a Rep resentative in Congress, from New Hamp shire, from 1809 to 1811. He died at Keene, New Hampshire, January 4, 1839. Wilson, James. He was born in York County, now Adams County, Penn sylvania, April 28, 1779; received a good English education ; in his fourteenth year he was bound to learn the trade of a cabi net-maker, in Maryland; from 1811 to 1822 he was a Justice of the Peace ; and was a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twen tieth Congresses, serving chiefly on the Committee on Claims. Soon after return ing to private life he was again elected a 420 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. Justice of the Peace, the duties of which office he continued to fill until 1859. It is said of him that he never solicited a vote for office, nor attended a political meeting to promote his own advancement. Wilson, James. He was born in New Hampshire ; graduated at Middlebury College in 1820; was Speaker of the State House of Representatives in 1828, and in the Legislature a number of years ; prac tised law at Kcene; was a General of Militia ; and a Representative in Congress, from New Hampshire, from 1817 to 1849. He subsequently settled in California. Wilson, James. He was born in Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, In diana, April 9, 1822 ; graduated at Wabash College in 18-12 ; was admitted to the bar in 1845 ; went to Mexico in 1846 as a pri vate in the Indiana regiment, and before liis return home was promoted to the office of Quartermaster ; and was elected a Representative, from Indiana, to the Thirty-fifth Congress, and was a member of the Committee on Elections. He was also re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs. In 1866 he was appointed, by Pres ident Johnson, Minister Resident to Ven ezuela. Died in August, 1867. Wilson, James F. Was born in Newark, Ohio, October 19, 1828 ; resided there until 1853, when he removed to Iowa ; in 1856 was elected a member of the Convention to revise the State Con stitution; in 1857 he was appointed, by the Governor of the State, Assistant Com missioner of the l)es Moines River Im provement ; in 1857 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1859 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1861 was President of the Senate ; during that year he was elected a Representative, from Iowa, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, for the uuexpired term of S. R. Curtis ; and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, continuing at the head of the Judiciary Committee, serving as Chairman also of that on Unfinished Busi ness, and as a member of the Committee on the Air-line Railroad to New York. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on his old committees ; and was one of the Managers in the Impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson. Wilson, James J". Born in Essex County, New Jersey ; for many years edi tor of the " True American," at Trenton ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from New Jersey, from 1815 to 1821, when he resigned, and was appointed Postmaster at Trenton, New Jersey. He was also for many years Clerk of the State Assembly, aud died July 28, 1824. He was also at one time Adjutant-General of the State, and always a man of influence. Wilson, John. He was born in 1777 ; graduated at Harvard University in 1799 ; studied law, and attained a high position in his profession ; and was a Representative in Congress, from Massa chusetts, from 1813 to 1815, and from 1817 to 1819. He died at Belfast, Maine, July 9, 1848. Wilson, John* He was born in York District, South Carolina, and was a Rep resentative in Congress, from that State, from 1821 to 1827 ; also a Presidential Elector in 1809. Wilson, John T. He was born in Highland County, Ohio, April 16, 1811; received a common-school education, and spent his youth upon a farm ; was twen ty-four years engaged in mercantile pur suits, and then retired to a farm. In 1861 he raised a company for the war, and was commissioned as its Captain ; was subse quently twice elected to the Ohio Senate, and in 1866 he was elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on Agriculture, and Roads and Canals. Wilson, Nathan. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1808 to 1809. Wilson, Robert, He was appointed a Senator in Congress, from Missouri, taking his seat in 1861, and serving on the Committee on the Pacific Railroad. Con tinued in the position until November, 1863. He was also a Delegate to the Phil adelphia " National Union Convention " of 1866. Wilson, Stephen F.Ue was born in Columbia, Bradford County, Pennsylva nia, September 4, 1821 ; spent his boyhood on a farm, and received his education at Wellsboro' Academy, where he was an as sistant teacher for one term ; he also, for a while, taught in a district school at Wellsboro' ; studied and adopted the pro fession of law; was a borough assessor for one year; a school director for six years ; was a Senator in the State Legisla ture in 1863 and 1864, and though returned to the State Senate, was elected a Repre sentative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Public Buildings and Grounds. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving as Chair man of the Committee on Enrolled Bills, and on that on Education and Labor. Wilson, Thomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Virginia, from 1811 to 1813. Died January 24, 1826. BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 421 Wilson, Thomas. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Pennsylva nia, from 1813 to" 1817. Died at Erie, October 4, 1824, aged fifty-three years. Wilson, William. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1814 to 1819. Wilson, William. He was born in Hillsborough County.New Hampshire, and was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1827. Died in the latter year, aged fifty-five years. Windom, William. Born in Bel- raont County, Ohio, May 10, 1827 ; 1'eceived an academic education ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1850; was elected Prosecuting Attorney for Knox County in 1852 ; removed to Minnesota in 1853, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Thirty-sixth Con gress, serving as a member of the Com mittee on Public Lands and of the Special Committee of Thirty-three. Re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures ; and also to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and of the Special Commit tee to visit the Indian Tribes of the West in 18G5. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Death of President Lincoln, and again at the head of the Committee on Indian Affairs, and as Chairman of a Special Com mittee on the conduct of the Commis sioner of Indian Affairs. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia ''Loyalists' Convention" of 1866; and was re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on old committees. Winfleld, Charles IX. He was born in Crawford, Orange County, New York, April 22, 1822; studied law and came to the bar in 1846 ; he was for six years District Attorney for Orange County, from 1850 to 1856; and in 1862 he was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Private Land Claims. Re-elected to the Thirty-ninth Congress. In 1865 he was Chairman of the State " Democratic Convention" previous to its final organization. In the Thirty-ninth Congress he served on the Committees on Foreign Affairs, and on Coinage, Weights and Measures, and Ways and Means. Wing, Austin 12. He was born in Hampshire County, Massachusetts ; was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Michigan, from 1828 to 1832; resided at Monroe, and was for many years a leading man in all its local affairs. He died at Cleveland, Ohio, August 25, 1849. Wingate, Joseph F.He was born in Massachusetts ; was a member of the Legislature of that State, in 1818 and 1819; Collector of Customs at Bath, Maine, from 1820 to 1824 ; member of the Maine Legis lature in 1825 and 1826; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Maine, from 1827 to 1831. Wingate, Paine. He was born nt Amesbury, Massachusetts, May 14, 1739; graduated at Harvard University in 1759; ordained as a Congregational minister at Hampton Falls, New Hampshire, in 1763; and afterwards removed to Stratham, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He was appointed a member of Congress under the Confederation in 1787; after the adoption of the Constitution he was elected a mem ber of the United States Senate, in 1789, and served till 1793, when he was elected a Representative in Congress, in 1793, serving until 1795. In 1798 he was ap pointed a Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and continued in office till May, 1809, when he attained the age of seventy. He survived all others who were members of the United States Sen ate at the time of his taking his seat in that body upon its first organization ; and he Wiis for some years the oldest graduate of his college. He was a man of talents, and extensive information; highly es teemed and respected for his character, and his honorable and useful life. He died at Strathara, New Hampshire, March 7, 1838. Winslow, Warren. He was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina January 1, 1810; entered Chapel Hill University, and graduated in 1827 ; having studied law, was soon afterwards admitted to the bar. In 1854 he was appointed, by Presi dent Pierce, a confidential agent to Mad rid, on business connected with the Black Warrior affair; during his absence abroad he was nominated for the Senate of North Carolina, was elected a member thereof, and placed in the chair of Speaker ; while in that position, Governor Reid was elect ed to the United States Senate, and the duties of Governor devolved upon and were performed by Mr. Winslow. He was elected to the Thirty- fourth Congress, serving on the Committee on Naval Affairs ; and was re-elected to the Thirty- fifth and Thirty-sixth Congresses, serving as a member of the Committee on Naval Affairs, and on the Library, and on the Special Committee of Thirty-three on the Rebellious States. He was offered, by President Buchanan, the mission to Sar dinia, but declined. He died at Fayette ville, in 1863. Winston, Joseph. Born in Vir ginia, in 1746. In 1760 joined a company of rangers, and marched to the frontier of the State; in a battle on the Greenbrier, was twice wounded, and had a horse killed 422 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. under him : had a pension granted to him by the Legislature, for his gallantry in battle ; in 1766 removed to North Carolina ; took an active part in the Revolution; raised a regiment, and marched against the Cherokee Indians; was appointed a Major in 1776, and had various actions with the forces of the Tories; commanded the right wing of the American troops in the battle of King's Mountain, and for his bravery had a sword voted to him by the Legislature ; was elected to Congress in 1792, and again in 1803, and served till 1807. He was also a Presidential Elector in 1801. Winter, Elisha J. He was a Rep resentative in Congress, from New York, from 1813 to 1815. WlntJirop, Robert C. Born in Bos ton, Massachusetts, May 12, 1809 ; grad uated at Harvard College in 1328, and studied law with Daniel Webster. He en tered the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1835, and was Speaker of the House from 1838 to 1840; was a member of the United States House of Representatives, from 1840 to 1842, when he resigned on account of domestic circumstances, but was re- elected the same year, and continued in that body until 1850, having been Speaker during the Congress commencing in 1847. He was appointed to the Senate of the United States to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Webster, and served from 1850 to 1851. He was Presi dent of the Electoral College of Massa chusetts which voted for General Scott ; and was President of the Historical Soci ety of Massachusetts, and other literary and charitable associations; also Presi dent of the Commissioners chosen by the City of Boston for building a Public Li brary. He delivered the Inaugural of the Franklin Statue in 1856, and also that of the Washington Monument in 1848. He subsequently published a " Memoir of Na than Appleton," and the " Life and Letters of John Wiuthrop." In 1866 he was chosen a Delegate to the Philadelphia "National Union Convention," but did not take part in its proceedings. Wise, Henry A. Born December 3, 1806, in Drummondtovvn, Accomac County, Virginia ; graduated at Washing ton College, Pennsylvania, at the age of nineteen ; studied law, and was admitted to the bar at Winchester, Virginia, in 1828 ; the same year removed to Nashville, Ten nessee, and practised his profession for two years, when, from local attachment, he returned to Accomac, and became a Representative in Congress, serving from 1833 to 1844, when he resigned his seat for the mission to Brazil, which post he oc cupied until the fall of 1847. He was appointed Minister to France in 1843, and resigned, but the Senate did not confirm him and he was immediately returned to Congress. In 1848 he was one of the Presidential Electors of Virginia. In 1850 he was a member of the Reform Con vention of Virginia, which adopted the present Constitution of the State. In 1852 he was again Presidential Elector; and in 1855 was elected Governor of Vir ginia, which office he held until I860. Served in the great Rebellion as a Briga dier-General. Widner, Henry. lie was a Dele gate, from New York, to the Continental Congress, from 1774 to 1776. Witherell, James. lie was born in Vermont; received a limited education and adopted the profession of law. From 1798 to 1803 he was a member of the State Legislature ; two years a County Judge ; and a State Councillor from 1803 to 1807. He was a Representative in Congress from Vermont during the years 1807 and 1808 and in the latter year was appointed Fed eral Judge in the Territory of Michigan where he long resided and died. He was a man of strong native powers of mind. Witherspoon, John. Born near Edinburgh, Scotland, February 5, 1722, and was a lineal descendant of John Knox ; graduated at the University of Edinburgh, in his twenty-first year, and was licensed as a preacher, assisting his father, who was also a preacher; in 1746, while wit nessing the battle of Falkirk, he was arrested and imprisoned ; after his re lease, he declined a number of calls from all parts of the kingdom, but in 1766, through the influence of Richard Stockton, he was elected President of Princeton College, and came to America. In this new sphere he was eminently successful; at the commencement of the Revolution he espoused the American cause, and took an active part on committees and in con ventions; he was a member of the lirst " Constitutional Convention" of New Jer sey in 1776; was a signer of the Declara tion of Independence ; and a Delegate to the Continental Congress, from 1776 to 1783, and signed the Articles of Confed eration. He served in the Legislature, and at the same time frequently occupied the pulpit; revisited Scotland in 1782; and on his return retired to private life. Died at Princeton, November 15, 1794. He left numerous literary, political, and theological writings; was distinguished as an orator ; and left a name that will be always affectionately remembered by the people of his adopted State. Witherspoon, Robert. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1809 to 1811. Witte, William IT. lie was born in New. Jersey, and, having settled in BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 423 Pennsylvania, was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from 1853 to 1855. Wolcott, Oliver. He was the son of Roger Wolcott, an early Governor of Con necticut, and was born November 26, 1726 ; graduated at Yale College, in las twenty- first year; was immediately commissioned to command a company to defend the frontier; afterwards studied medicine, and in 1751 was chosen Sheriff of Litchfleld Couuty. In 1774 he was appointed coun sellor, and held the office twelve years; he was one of the signers of the Declara tion of Independence, and of the Articles of Confederation ; a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1775 to 1778, and from 1780 to 1784; as a military man he rose to the grade of Major-General, and was present at the capture of Burgoyne ; and in 1775 he was appointed Commis sioner of Indian Affairs for the Northern Department. In 1785 he was associated with Lee and Butler in negotiating a treaty with the Six Nations ; in 1786 he was elected Lieutenant-Governor of Con necticut, holding the office ten years ; and he was Governor of Connecticut from 1796 until his death, which occurred in December, 1797, regretted by all who knew them. Wolf, George. He was born in Allen Township, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, August 12, 1777. After pursuing a course of classical education in his own county, he studied law, be came eminent, and engaged in a lucrative practice. In 1818 he was elected a mem ber of the Legislature of his native State ; and he was a Representative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1824 to 1829; Governor of that State from 1829 to 1835; in 1836 was appointed First Comptroller of the United States Treasury; and sub sequently Collector of Customs for Phila delphia, in which city he died of an affec tion of the heart, March 14, 1840. Wood, Abiel. He was a distin guished merchant of Wiscasset, Massa chusetts, and a member of Congress, from that State, from 1813 to 1815. From 1807 to 1811, and in 1816, he was a mem ber of the State Legislature; a State Councillor in 1820 and 1821 ; and a mem ber of the "Constitutional Convention" of 1819. He died at Belfast, Maine, No vember, 1834, aged sixty -two years. Wood, Amos JE. Born in Jeffer son County, New York, in 1810; here- moved with his father in 1825 to Portage County, Ohio. In 1833 he settled perma nently in Woodville, Sandusky County; he twice represented his district in the lower branch of the Legislature, and once for a term of two years in the State Senate; and was elected a Represent ative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1850 to 1852. He died in Fort Wayne, Indiana, November 19, 1850. He filled the unex- p'tred term of R. Dickinson ; and the farm upon which he lived and died was cleared by his own hands. Wood, Benjamin. He was born in Shelby ville, Kentucky, October 13, 1820; received a good English education; has acquired some reputation as a novelist ; and was elected a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-seventh Con gress, and re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress. He has served ou the Commit tees on Mileage, and on Invalid Peusious. Wood, Bradford U. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. \ Wood, Fernando. Born in Phila delphia in 1812; and from the humble em ployment of a cigar-maker, he rose to the position of a clerk in a counting-house, and was for many years a ship-owner and successful merchant in New York. He was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843 ; and in 1854 was elected Mayor of the City of New York, and re-elected to that office. In 1862 he was elected for a second time a Representative, from New York, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Re-elected to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Committees on the District of Columbia, and Territories. Wood, John. Born in Philadelphia in 1816; was educated for the counting- room, in which he had an experience of twenty-five years, devoting himself chiefly to the manufacture of iron; and never held any public position but that of Rep resentative to the Thirty-sixth Congress, from Pennsylvania, to which he was elected contrary to his wishes, serving on the Committee on Public Expendi tures. Wood, John JT. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1827 to 1829. Wood, John M. He was born in Mininsink, Orange County, New York, November 17, 1813 ; received a good com mon-school education; was. a member of the Legislature of Maine; and was for years occupied as a constructor of rail roads and other public works. He was elected, in 1854, a Representative from Maine, in the Thirty-fourth Congress; re-elected to the Thirty-fifth Congress; and was a member of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. Died ia Boston, December 24, 1864. Wood, Joseph. He was a Delegate, 424 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. from Georgia, to the Continental Con gress, from 1777 to 1779. Wood, Silas. He was born in Suf folk County, New York; graduated at Princeton College in 1789; was the author of a " History of Long Island ; " and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1819 to 1829. He died at Huntington, Suffolk County, Long Island, March 2, 1847, aged seventy-eiglit years. Woodbridge, Frederick 12. He was boru in Vergennes, Vermont, August 29, 1818; graduated at the University of Vermont in 1840 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1842 ; served three years in the State Legislature, two years in the State Senate, three years as State Auditor and in 1863 he was elected a Represent ative, from Vermont, to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Judiciary. Re-elected to the Thirty- ninth Congress, serving on the Commit tees on the Judiciary, and Private Land Claims. lie was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention " of 18G6 ; and re-elected to the Fortieth Con gress, and made Chairman of Committee on the Pay of Officials of Congress. Woodbridge, William. Born in Norwich, Connecticut, August 20, 1780; and his father becoming one of the earli est emigrants to the North-west Territory, he removed to Marietta in 1791. He re ceived his earliest education in Connecti cut ; studied law at Litchfield, Connecticut, and was admitted to the bar, in Ohio, in 1800. In 1807 he was elected to the As sembly of Ohio; in 1808 was Prosecuting Attorney for his county, which office he held until 1814, and during the same pe riod he was also a member of the State Senate. In 1814 he received, from Pres ident Madison, unexpectedly, the appoint ment of Secretary of the Territory of Michigan, and removed to Detroit; and in 1819 he was elected the first Delegate, from Michigan, to Congress, where he was very active in promoting the inter ests of his constituents. In 1828 he was appointed Judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan Territory, and held the office four years; in 1835 he was a member of the Convention called to form a State Constitution; in 1837 he was elected to the State Senate of Michigan ; in 1839 he was chosen Governor of the State ; and he was a Senator in Congress, from 1841 to 1847. He was a working member on many important committees, and his re ports and speeches were numerous ; and Daniel Webster, in a note to his speech in defence of the Ashburton Treaty, at tributed to Mr. Woodbridge the first sug gestion that was ever made to him for inserting in that treaty a provision for the surrender of fugitives, under cer tain circumstances, upon the demand of foreign governments. For many years before his death he lived in retirement at Detroit. Died October 20, 1801. In 1867 a small volume was published, entitled the " Life of William Woodbridge," from the pen of the compiler of this work. Woodbury, ievt. Born in Fran- cistown, New Hampshire, December 22, 1789 ; he graduated at Dartmouth College in 1800 ; attended the Law-School at Litch- field ; continued to study law in Boston, Exeter, and Francestown, and entered upon the practice in 1812, in which he was successful. In 1816 he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of New Hampshire, and in 1819 settled in Ports mouth. In 1823 he was elected Governor of New Hampshire; was Speaker of the State House of Representatives in 1825 ; was a Senator in Congress, from 1825 to 1831 ; was appointed Secretary of the Navy by President Jackson in 1831 ; was transferred to the Treasury Department, as Secretary, in 1834, by President Van Buren, and served until 1841; he was again a Senator in Congress, from 1841 to 1845, when he was appointed by President Polk a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was also tendered the appointment of Minister to England, but declined it. He received the degree of LL.D. from Dartmouth College and the Wesleyan University of Connecticut, and was a member of various literary societies. He died at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, September 7, 1851. Woodcock, David. He was born in Berkshire County, Massachusetts, and was a member of the New York Assembly, from Seneca County, in 1814 and 1815, and from Tompkins County, in 1826 ; and a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1821 to 1823, and again from 1827 to 1829. Woodruff, George . Was born in Litchfleld, Connecticut, December 1, 1805 ; graduated at Yale College in 1825 ; studied law at the Litchfield School, and came to the bar in 1827; he was for fourteen years Postmaster of Litchfield ; was a Clerk and Representative in the State Legislature ; President for years of a bank ; Judge of Probate for several years ; and in 1861 he was elected a Representative, from Con necticut, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committee on Public Lands. Woodruff, John. He was born in Hartford, Connecticut, February 12, 1826 ; was a member of the Connecticut Legisla ture in 1854; in 1855 was elected a Repre sentative, from Connecticut, to the Thir ty-fourth Congress ; re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the Post Olfice and Post Roads. He subsequently held the position BIOGRAPHICAL EECOEDS. 425 of Collector of Internal Revenue for the District of New Haveu, in winch city he died May 20, 1868. Woodruff, Thomas M.llz was a resident of New York City, a furniture- dealer by occupation, a member of Con gress from 1845 to 1847, and died some years ago. Woods, Henri/. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1790 to 1803. Woods, John. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Pensylvania, from 1815 to 1817. Woods, John. He was born in Dau phin County, Pennsylvania, in 1794 and removed with his fattier to Ohio in his in fancy. He was admitted to the bar in 1819, settled in Hamilton County, and at once took a high stand in his profession. In 1824 he was elected to Congress, and served two terms. In 1829 he became the editor and publisher of the " Hamilton Intelligencer," and so continued until 1832, when lie returned to his profession, which he successfully practised until 1845, when he was elected Auditor of the State, which office he held for two terms. While Auditor he did much to preserve the credit of the State. He died in Hamilton, Ohio, July 30, 1855. Woods, William. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from New York, from 1823 to 1825, and a member of the State Assembly, from Steuben County, in 1828. Woodson, Samuel H. Born in Jes samine County, Kentucky, October 24, 1815; graduated at Centre College, and became a lawyer by profession. He was a member of the " Constitutional Conven tion " of Missouri in 1855 ; and a member of the Missouri General Assembly in 1853 and 1854 ; and was elected a Representa tive to the Thirty-fifth Congress, from that State, serving as a member of the Commit tee on Indian Afi'airs. He was re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on Indian Affairs. Woodson, Samuel If. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ken tucky, from 1820 to 1823, having been elected the first time for the unexpired term of Henry Clay, and re-elected to the next Congress. Woodward, George W. Born in Bethany, Pennsylvania, March 26, 1809; received an academic education; studied and practised law; was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1837 ; in 1841 he was appointed President Judge of the Fourth Judicial District, and held the office ten years ; in 1852 he was elected Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and held the position for nearly sixteen years; and was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Fortieth Congress, serving on the Com mittees on Mines and Mining, and on Re vision of the Laws of the United States, and Private Laud Claims. Woodward, Joseph A. He was born in South Carolina, and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Woodward, William.. He was a Representative in Congress, from South Carolina, from 1815 to 1817. Woodworth, James jff. He was born December 4, 1804, in Greenwich, Washington County, New York. He lived on a farm until twenty-one years of age ; received a limited education at the schools in the vicinity, and removed to Fabius, Onondaga County, New York; taught a village school for a few months, and then engaged in mercantile business. In 1827 he went to Erie County, Pennsylvania, re siding there four years, and removed to Chicago, Illinois, in 1833. In 1839 he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1842 was a member of the Lower House. From 1845 to 1850 he was connected with the city government of Chicago, being two years Mayor. He was a Representative, from Illinois, to the Thirty-fourth Con gress. WoodwortJi, William W. He was born in Connecticut, and was a Represent ative in Congress, from New York, from 1845 to 1847. Worcester, Samuel T. Born in Hollis, Hillsborough County, New Hamp shire, August 30, 1804 ; graduated at Cam bridge University in 1830; for two years he was a Preceptor at the Weymouth Academy, Massachusetts ; he studied law at Cambridge, and came to the bar in 1834; went to Ohio that year, and settled at Norwalk in the practice of his profes sion; in 1848 and 1849 he was elected to the State Senate; in 1859 was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, which he held until elected a Representa tive, from Ohio, to the Thirty-seventh Congress, serving on the Committees on Elections, Accounts, and Agriculture. Word, Thomas J.lle was a Rep resentative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1838 to 1839. Worman, Isudwig.He was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania; was a tanner by occupation ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Pennsylvania, from 1820 to 1822. Died in 1822. 426 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. WortendyJce, J. jR. Born at Chest nut Ridge, in the Township of Harrington, Bergen County, New Jersey, November 27, 1818; graduated at Rutgers College in 1839; and was for several years teacher of the classics and mathematics. He com menced the study of law in 1849, and was admitted to the bar in 1852 ; was Alder man of Jersey City, where he practised law; and was elected a Representative in the Thirty -fifth Congress, from New Jer sey, serving on the Committee on Public Expenditures. Worthington, If. G. He was born in Cumberland, Maryland, February 9, 1828 ; received an academical education ; he studied law and came to the bar in 1851 ; and in that year he removed to Cal ifornia and settled in the practice of his profession in Tuolumne County, where he remained until 1856. He subsequently spent some time in Central America and Mexico, and then resumed his profession in California. In 1861 he was elected to the State Legislature from the city and county of San Francisco. In 1862 he re moved to the Territory of Nevada, and settled in Austin; and on the admission of Nevada as a State he was elected the first Representative therefrom, taking his seat during the second session of the Thirty-eighth Congress. Worthington, John T. JET. He was born in Ma^land, and was a Representa tive in Congress, from that State, from 1831 to 1833 and again from 1837 to 1841. Worthington, Thomas. He was born in Jefferson County, Virginia, about 1769; emigrated to Ohio, and settled in Ross County in 1798. In 1803 he was a member of the " State Constitutional Con vention." He was a Senator in Congress, from Ohio, from 1803 to 1807, and 'again from 1810 to 1814, when he resigned ; and from 1814 to 1818 he was Governor of Ohio. After his retirement from that office he was appointed a member of the first Board of Canal Commissioners, in which capacity he served until his death, which occurred in 1827. Worthington, Thomas C. He was born in Prince George County, Maryland, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827. Died June 19, 1827. Wright, Augustus S. Born at Wrightsborongh, Columbia County, Geor gia, June 16, 1813 ; commenced his educa tion at a grammar school ; afterwards en tered Franklin College, but left in the latter part of the junior year without grad uating. He was a lawyer by profession ; and, at the age of twenty-nine, was elected Circuit Judge. He resigned before the expiration of the second term, and was elected a Representative, from Georgia, to the Thirty-fourth Congress, and re- elected to the Thirty-fifth, serving as ti member of the Committee on the District of Columbia. Took part in the Rebellion. Wright, Daniel B. He was born in Tennessee, and was a Representative in Congress, from Mississippi, from 1853 to 1857. Wright, Edivln H. V. Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, January 2, 1812; received an academical education ; adopt ed the trade of a printer, and as early as 1835 edited and published a news paper called the "Jersey Blue." He studied law and came to the bar in 1839 ; in 1843 he was elected to the State Senate, and was a leading advocate of the present free-school system of the State; in 1851 he was appointed District Attorney for Hudson County, and held the office for five years; he was also a Major-General of Militia for several years, commanding the Second Division of the State ; was the candidate, in 1859, of the Democratic party for the office of Governor, but was de feated by a small majority; and lie was elected a Representative, from New Jer sey, to the Thirty-ninth Congress, serving on the Committee on Appropriations, and the Special Committee on the Death of President Lincoln. Wright, George H. He was born in Concord, Massachusetts, June 4, 1817; spent seven years on a farm ; settled in Boston, as a merchant, in 1822; was con nected with the " Boston Courier " for two years, from 1837, after which he settled in Nantucket, in the whaling business ; went to California in 1849; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from that State, during the years 1850 and 1851. Wright, HendricJc B. Born in Lu- zerne County, Pennsylvania, April 24, 1808 ; graduated at Dickinson College in 1829 ; studied law, and came to the bar in 1831 ; in 1834 he was appointed Deputy Attorney-General for Luzerue County; was elected to the State Legislature in 1841 and 1842; re-elected in 1843, and made Speaker of the House ; he was a member of all the National Democratic Conventions between 1840 and 1860; and of that Convention which nominated Mr. Polk for President he was the President. In 1852 he was elected a Representative, from Pennsylvania, to the Thirty-third Congress ; and he was re-elected to the Thirty-seventh Congress, to fill the vacan cy caused by the death of George W. Scranton, and was a member of the Com mittee on Military Affairs. Wright, John C. He was born in 1783 ; attained eminence as a lawyer, and, early rose to the Supreme Bench of Ohio. BIOG11APIIICAL RECORDS. 427 His Law Reports are a part of all good libraries in the Western States. He was a Representative in Congress, from Ohio, from 1823 to 1829, and was for many years the owner and editor of the "Cincinnati Gazette." He took an active part, as Del egate from Ohio, in the "Peace Con gress" of February, 1861, but died in Washington before "the adjournment of that body, on the 13th of that month. Wright, Jolin F. Born in McNairy County, Tennessee, June 28, 1828 ; was a lawyer by profession ; was elected a Rep resentative to the Thirty-fourth and Thir ty-fifth Congresses, from his native State ; and was a member of the Committees ou Revolutionary Pensions, and Expenditures in the War Department. Re-elected to the Thirty-sixth Congress, serving on the Committee on the District of Columbia. Wright, Joseph A .Born in Penn sylvania, April 17, 1810; when a boy he removed to Indiana with his parents, and became a janitor in the University of that State, enjoying at the same time the privi leges of a student; studied law, and came to the bur in 1829 ; in 1833 he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1840 he was elected to the State Senate ; from 1843 to 1845 he was a Representative in Congress ; was Governor of Indiana from 1849 to 1857 ; and during the latter year he was appointed, by President Buchanan, Minis ter to Prussia. In 1862 he was appointed a Senator in Congress, in place of J. D. Bright, serving one session; in 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Commissioner to attend the Hamburg Ex hibition ; and in 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, for the second time, Minister to Prussia. Died in Berlin, March 11, 1867, and the fact was published in the New York papers on the following morning. Wright, Robert. lie was born in Kent County, Maryland; a Senator in Congress, from Maryland, from 1801 to 1806, when he resigned; at one time mem ber of the State Executive Council; was Governor of Maryland from 1806 to 1809 ; a Representative in Congress, from Mary land, from 1810 to 1817; re-elected for the term from 1821 to 1823; and died Septem ber 7, 1826. Wright, Samuel G. Born in 1787, and at the time of his death was a mem ber-elect of Congress, from New Jersey. Died near Allentown, New Jersey, July SO, 1845. Wright, Silas. Was born at Am- herst, Massachusetts, May 24, 1795. He worked upon his father's farm, in Ver mont, in the summer, and attended school in the winter. He prepared for and en tered college in August, 1811, and gradu ated at Middlebnry College in 1815. Ha read law in Washington County, New York, teaching school one or two winters to aid in defraying his own expenses. In 1819 he settled, in the practice of the law, at Canton, St. Lawrence County, New York, where he continued his residence until his death. He was soon made a Magistrate and Postmaster of his town, and Surrogate of his county. He early raised a uniformed Militia rifle company, of which he was unanimously chosen Cap tain, from which position he rose to be Colonel of a rifle regiment, and became a Brigadier-General of Infantry in 1827. He was elected to the State Senate in Novem ber, 1823, and served until March 4, 1827, when he resigned that office, having been elected to Congress in November, 1826. He took his seat in Congress in December, 1827. He was re-elected in November, 1828. Having been elected State Comp troller, January 27, 1829, he resigned his seat in Congress before serving out his term. While in Congress, he served as a member of the Committee on Manufac tures, and took an active part in the tariff investigations and discussions of 1828. He served as Comptroller from the time of his election until he was chosen United States Senator, in the early part of Janu ary, 1833, when he immediately took his seat in that body. He was re-elected in February, 1837, and again in February, 1843, and continued to serve until Decem ber, 1844, when he resigned. In Novem ber, 1844, he was elected Governor of New York, and entered upon his duties, Janu ary 1, 1845. In 1847 he retired to private life, devoting himself to the cultivation of his farm, and enjoying the society of his early friends and neighbors. On August 27, 1847, he died suddenly at his residence in Canton. . While in the United States Senate he served most of his time on the Committee on Finance, and introduced the first Sub-Treasury bill, which became a law. President Tyler offered him a seat upon the bench of the Supreme Court, which he declined. By other Presidents he was offered seats in their cabinets and missions abroad, all of which he refused. His last labor for the public was the prep aration of an address for the State Agri cultural Society, which, having been fin ished, was read to that body a short time after his death, by his friend, General Dix. He appeared twice in the Supreme Court of the United States to argue cases of high importance, and established in that tribunal a high reputation as a law yer. WriffM, Turbett. He was a Dele gate, from Maryland, to the Continental Congress, from 1781 to 1782. Wright, William. Born in Clarks- town, liockland County, New York, ia 1794 ; learned the business of saddle-mak- 428 BIOGRAPHICAL RECOUDS. ing when a boy, and followed it for seven years, at Bridgeport, Connecticut; re moved to Newark, New Jersey, in 1823; was elected Mayor of that city in the years 1840, 1841, 1842, and 1843; was a Repre sentative in Congress from New Jersey, from 1843 to 1847; was a candidate for Governor in 1848, but was defeated ; and in 1853 he was elected a Senator in Con gress for the term ending in 1859, serving as Chairman of the Committee on Manu factures, and that on the Contingent Ex penses of the Senate. In 1863 he was again elected to the Senate for the term ending in 1869, serving on the Committees on Manufactures, Public Lands and Rev olutionary Claims. Died in Newark, New Jersey, November 1, 1866. Wurtz, John. He was born in Mor ris County, New Jersey; graduated at Princeton College in 1813; and was a Representative in Congress, from Penn sylvania, from 1825 to 1827. Died in Rome, Italy, April 23, 1861. Wyncoop, Henry. He was a Dele gate to the Continental Congress from 1779 to 1783, and a Representative in Con gress, from Pennsylvania, from 1789 to 1791 ; and was one of those who voted for locating the Seat of Government on the Potomac. Wynn, Richard. He was a Repre sentative in Congress, from South Caro lina, from 1793 to 1797, and again from 1802 to 1813. Wynns, Thomas. He was born, lived, and died, in Hertford County, North Carolina. He was a General of Militia; a planter by occupation ; served a number of years in the House of Commons and Senate ; and was a Representative in Con gress from 1803 to 1807. In 1801 and 1809 he was a Presidential Elector. Died June 3, 1825. Wythe, George. Born in Elizabeth City, Virginia, in 1728; was educated chiefly by his mother; when thirty years of age he commenced the study of law, and soon came to the bar ; was for a long time a member of the House of Burgesses ; was Chancellor of Virginia; in 1764 he was appointed to prepare a petition against the Stamp Act ; was a Delegate to the Con tinental Congress from 1775 to 1777, and signed the Declaration of Independence ; he was also a member of the Convention which formed the Federal Constitution, but refused to sign the instrument ; he was the Chairman of a Committee to revise the Laws of Virginia, which he accomplished with credit ; in 1777 he was Speaker of the House of Delegates, and was appointed Judge of the Court of Chancery ; he owned a large number of slaves, to one of whom he taught the Latin and Greek languages, and subsequently manumitted the whole of them ; and the honor was awarded to him of having been the instructor of Thomas Jefferson. Died June 8, 1806. Yancey, William Z/. Born at Ogee- chee Shoals, Georgia, August 10, 1814; re ceived a good education in the Northern States ; studied law, and practised in South Carolina; in 1837 he settled in Ala bama, and edited the "Cahawba Demo crat" and " Wetumpka Argus;" and was a Representative in Congress, from Alaba ma, from 1844 to 1847. Before entering Congress he had served in the Alabama Legislature, and since that time has served as a member of various political conven tions, first at Baltimore in 1848, then at Cincinnati in 1856, and at Charleston in 1860, in which he bore a conspicuous part. In 1856 he was a Presidential Elector. He subsequently visited Europe as an agent of the Southern States during the great Rebellion of 1861 ; also held several other appointments and positions under the Confederate Government. Died near Montgomery, Alabama, July 28, 1863. fancy, Bartlett.He was born in Virginia, and educated at the University of North Carolina, where he was, for a time, a tutor. His first appearance in, public life was as a member of Congress from North Carolina, in 1813, where he served four years ; he served for many years in the State Legislature, and fre quently as Speaker of the House ; and his position as a lawyer was unsurpassed. He died in Caswell County, August 30, 1828. Yancey, Joel. He was a Represent ative in Congress, from Kentucky, from 1827 to 1831. Yates, J~r., Abraham. He was a Delegate, from New York, to the Conti nental Congress, in 1787 and 1788. Yates, John B. He was born in New York, and was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1815 to 1817, and was a member of the Assem bly of that State in 1836, from Madison County. Yates, Mic7iard.He was born in Kentucky, January 18, 1818; removed to Illinois ; graduated at the Illinois College, and was bred to the profession of law. He frequently served in the State Legisla ture ; and was a Representative in Con gress, from Illinois, from 1851 to 1855. In 1861, he was elected Governor of Illi nois for four years, and participated extensively in the raising of troops for the National Army during the Rebellion ; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, for the term commencing in 1865 and ending in 1871, having been BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. 429 placed on the Committees on the District of Columbia, the Pacific Railroad, Terri tories, Pensions, Manufactures, and Mines and Mining, and made Chairman of the Committees on Revolutionary Claims, and Territories. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia " Loyalists' Convention" of 1863. Yates, Peter W. He was a Delegate, from New York, to the Continental Con gress, from 1785 to 1787. Yeaman, George S. He was born in Hnrdin County, Kentucky, November 1, 1829; received his early education under many difficulties; studied law, and came to the bar in his twenty-third year, entering upon the practice of his profes sion at Owensboro, Davies County, Ken tucky. In 1851: he was elected Judge of Davies County, and from that time until 1858 devoted his whole attention to the law, acquiring an extensive practice in the Circuit Court and Court of Appeals. In 18G1 he was elected to the Legislature of Kentucky, and in 1862 he was engaged in raising a regiment for the Union ser vice; but when J. S. Jackson resigned he was elected, as his successor, a Represent ative, from Kentucky, to the Thirty-sev enth Congress, serving on the Committee on Military Affairs, and was re-elected to the Thirty-eighth Congress, serving on the same committee. In 1865 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister Resident to Denmark. Yell, Archibald. He was born in Tennessee, and, removing to Arkansas, was appointed one of the Judges of the Territory, and elected a Representative in Congress from 1836 to 1839, and was re- elected in 1845, serving only until 1846. He was also Governor of Arkansas in 1842 and 1844. He was killed at the battle of Buena Vista, having had command of a regiment of Arkansas mounted Volun teers. YorJce, Thomas J". He was born in New Jersey, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1837 to 1839, and again from 1841 to 1843. He was a candidate for election to the Twen ty-sixth Congress, and, although he came with the broad seal of his State, he was not admitted. Yost, Jacob S. He was born in Pennsylvania, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1843 to 1847. Young, Augustus. He was born in Arlington, Vermont, March 20, 1785, and was admitted to the bar, in St. Al- bans, in 1810; he commenced practice at Stowe, and in about eighteen months removed to Craftsbury, which town he represented, in the General Assembly, during eight sessions. He was four years State's Attorney for Orleans C'Hinty, and Judge of Probate in 1830. In 1836 he was chosen State Senator, and was twice re- elected. He was a Representative in Con gress, from Vermont, from 1841 to 1843, and declined a re-election. In 1847 he removed to St. Albans, and was for sev eral years Judge of Franklin County Court. He subsequently devoted himself to literary and scientific pursuits, and being a learned geologist and mineral ogist, was appointed, in 1856, State Natu ralist. He died at St. Albans, June 17, 1857. He was highly popular, possessed great talents, and his scientific books and tracts indicate that he was a great mathematician and a profound reasoner. Young, Bryan JR. He was born in Kentucky, and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1345 to 1847. Young, Ebenezer.Rorn in Kil- lingly, Connecticut, in 1784, and grad uated at Yale College in 1806. In 1823 he was elected to the State Senate, and twice re-elected ; he was also two years Speaker of the House; and was a Representative in Congress, from 1829 to 1835. He died at West Killingly, August 18, 1851. Young, John. He was born in Chelsea, Orange County, Vermont, in 1802; when quite a boy he moved with his father to Livingston- County, New York, and received a common-school education at Conesus ; studied law, and was admit ted to the bar in 1829 ; was in the State Legislature in 1831, 1844, and 1845 ; was a Representative in Congress, from New York, from 1841 to 1843; Governor of the State from 1847 to 1849 ; and Assistant Treasurer of the United States, in New York City, at the time of his death, which occurred April 23, 1852. Young, John D. He was born in Bath County, Kentucky, September 22, 1823; received an English education; from 1843 to 1847 he was Sheriff of his native county, having previously served three years as Deputy ; served for a time as Deputy U. S. Marshal ; was a Judge of Probate from 1858 to 1862; was re-elected in 1866, but resigned in 18G7; and was elected a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Fortieth Congress. Young, Richard M. He was a Presidential Elector in 1829; a Senator in Congress, from Illinois, from 1837 to 1843; was appointed Commissioner of the General Land Office in 1846 ; and Clerk of the United States House of Represent atives, in 1850 and 1851. Young, Timothy JS. He was bora 430 BIOGRAPHICAL RECORDS. in New Hampshire; graduated at Bow- doin College in 1835 ; and was a Repre sentative in Congress, from Illinois, from 1849 to 1851. Young, William S.lIe was born in Nelson County, Kentucky ; and was a Representative in Congress, from that State, from 1825 to 1827. Yulee, David L. He was born in the West Indies, of Hebrew extraction, in 1811, but when quite young was re moved to Virginia, where he received the rudiments of a classical education. He emigrated to Florida in 1824, mid though he studied law, he divided his time be tween the practice of his profession and the pursuits of agriculture. He was a Delegate to Congress, from the Territory of Florida, from 1841 to 1845, bearing the name of Levy, and, as Yulee, was a Dele gate to the Convention which formed the State Constitution; and was elected a Senator in Congress, in 1845, where he continued until 1861, officiating as Chair man of the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. He was also President of the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad in Florida. Withdrew from the Senate to take part in the Rebellion of 1861, and at the close of the conflict he was confined in Fort Pu- laski as a Prisoner of State. Zollicoffer, Felix K. Born in Maury County, Tennessee, May 19, 1812, and received an academical education. He served for a few months in a printing- office, and in 1829 took upon himself the management of a newspaper at Paris, Tennessee. In 1834 he was editor and publisher of the li Columbian Observer," in the same State; in 1835 he was elected State printer, and re-elected in 1837 ; in 1842 he removed to Nashville, and edited the "Banner;" in 1843 he was elected Comptroller of the State Treasury, and was re-elected in 1845 and 1847; in 1849 was elected to the State Senate; in 1850 was a contractor for building the Suspen sion Bridge at Nashville; in 1851 a'nd 1852 again edited the " Nashville Ban ner;" and was elected a Representative in Congress, from Tennessee, in 1853, where he continued until the close of the Thirty- fifth Congress, serving in the same as a member of the Committee on Territories. He subsequently joined the great Rebel lion, and served as a General of Volun teers, and was killed at the battle of Somerset, Kentucky. He was a Delegate to the " Peace Congress " of 1SG1. ZuMy, John J~oac7iiin. He was a native of Switzerland; graduated at Princeton College in 1770; settled in Sa vannah, Georgia, as a Presbyterian Min ister; was a Doctor of Divinity, and preached in the German, English, and French languages ; and, though elected as a Delegate to the Continental Congress in 1755, was disloyal to the American cause, and denounced on the floor of Con gress as a traitor to the American cause. He died in Savannah in 1781. STATISTICAL RECORDS. STATISTICAL RECORDS. SUCCESSIVE SESSIONS OP CONGRESS. [OFFICIALLY PREPARED FOR THIS WORK.] STATEMENT Showing the Commencement and Termination of each Session of Congress held under the Present Constitution, with the Number of Days in each. a V A OJ V o . P'S 00 From To ss 11 Where held. E a "S-S f a 1 ' & a v O 8 00 V (H *~ , 1 March 4, 1789 Sept. 29, 1789 13 210 New York. 1 ) 2 January 4, 1790 August 12, 1790 14 221 do. ( 3 Dec. ' 6, 1790 March 3, 1791 15 88 Philadelphia. C 1 Oct. 24, 1791 May 8, 1792 16 197 do. ( 2 Nov. 5, 1792 March 2, 1793 17 119 do. _ C 1 Dec. 2, 1793 June 9, 1794 18 190 do. 2 Nov. 3, 1794 March 3, 1795 19 121 do. < 1 Dec. 7, 1795 June 1, 1796 20 177 do. > 2 Dec. 5,. 1796 March 3, 1797 21 89 do. f 1 May 15, 1797 July 10, 1797 21 57 do. 5 < 2 Nov. 13, 1797 July 16, 1798 22 246 do. ( 3 Dec. 3, 1798 March 3, 1799 23 91 do. ft 1 Dec. 2, 1799 May 14, 1800 24 164 do. C 2 Nov. 17, 1800 March 3, 1801 25 107 Washington. 7 5 1 Dec. 7, 1801 May 3, 1802 26 148 do. ( 2 Dec. 6, 1802 March 8, 1803 27 88 do. ft 5 1 Oct. 17, 1803 March 27, 1804 28 163 do. < 2 Nov. 5, 1804 March 3, 1805 29 119 do. ol 1 Dec. 2, 1805 April 21, 1806 30 141 do. i 2 Dec. 1, 1806 March 3, 1807 31 93 do. io5 1 Oct. 26, 1807 April 25, 1808 32 182 do. j 2 Nov. 7, 1808 March 3, 1809 33 117 do. f 1 May 22, 1809 June 28, 1809 33 38 do. 11 ? 2 Nov. 27, 1809 May 1, 1810 34 156 do. ( 3 Dec. 3, 1810 March 3, 1811 35 91 do. , ( 1 Nov. 4, 1811 July 6, 1812 36 245 do. ^ 2 Nov. 2, 1812 March 3, 1813 37 122 do. f 1 May 24, 1813 August 2, 1813 37 71 do. 13 1 2 Dec. 6, 1813 April 18, 1814 38 134 do. 3 Sept. 19, 1814 March 3, 1815 39 166 do. 14 5 1 Dec. 4, 1815 April 30, 1816 40 148 do. 2 Dec. 2, 1816 March 3, 1817 41 92 do. ( 1 Dec. 1, 1817 April 30, 1818 42 141 do. 10 i 2 Nov. 16, 1818 March 3, 1819 43 108 do. 434 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. Statement of Successive Sessions of Congress Continued. 1 Congress. Session. From To Year of Indepen dence. Number of Days in each Session. Where held. i r 1 Dec. 6, 1819 May 15, 1820 44 162 Washington. 2 Nov. 13, 1820 March 3, 1821 45 111 do. 17 $ 1 Dec. 3, 1821 May 8, 1822 46 157 do. I 2 Dec. 2, 1822 March 3, 1823 47 92 do. 18 5 1 Dec. 1, 1823 May 27, 1824 48 178 do. 18 J 2 Dec. 6, 1824 March 3, 1825 49 88 do. 10 S 1 Dec. 5, 1825 May 22, 1826 60 169 do. < 2 Dec. 4, 1826 March 3, 1827 51 90 do. on 1 Dec. 3, 1827 May 26, 1828 52 175 do. +i\J < 2 Dec. 1, 1828 March 3, 1829 53 93 do. 21 5 1 Dec. 7, 1829 May 31, 1830 64 176 do. I 2 Dec. 6, 1830 March 3, 1831 55 88 do. 09 1 Dec. 5, 1831 July 16, 1832 56 225 do. 2 Dec. 3, 1832 March 3, 1833 57 91 do. OQ 1 Dec. 2, 1833 .June 30, 1834 58 211 do. 2 Dec 1, 1834 March 3, 1835 59 93 do. 245 1 Dec. 7, 1835 July 4. 1836 60 211 do. I 2 Dec. 5, 1836 March 8, 1837 61 89 do. 1 Sept. 4, 1837 October 16, 1837 62 43 do. 25} 2 Dec. 4, 1837 July 9, 1838 62 218 do. ( 3 Dec. 3, 1838 March 3, 1839 63 91 do. Oft ( 1 Dec. 2, 1839 July 21, 1840 64 233 do. 26 I 2 Dec. 7, 1840 March 3, 1841 65 87 do. 1 May 81, 1841 Sept. 13, 1841 65 106 do. 27) 2 Dec. 6, 1841 August 31, 1842 66 269 do. ( 3 Dec. 5, 1842 March 3, 1843 67 89 do. oa< 1 Dec. 4, 1843 June 17, 1844 68 196 do. 2 I 2 Dec. 2, 1844 March 3, 1845 69 92 do. oq 5 1 Dec. 1, 1845 August 10, 1846 70 253 do. ' < 2 Dec. 7, 1846 March 3, 1847 71 87 do. qn$ 1 Dec. 6, 1847 August 14, 1848 72 254 do. ou < 2 Dec. 4, 1848 March 3, 1849 73 90 do. qi 5 1 Dec. 3, 1849 Sept. 30, 1850 74 302 do. 2 Dec. 2, 1850 March 3, 1851 75 92 do. qo ) 1 Dec. 1, 1851 August 31, 1852 76 275 do. Ow < 2 Dec. 6, 1852 March 3, 1853 77 88 do. qq 1 Dec. 5, 1853 August 7, 1854 78 246 do. OO < 2 Dec. 4, 1854 March 3, 1855 79 90 do. f 1 Dec. 3, 1855 August 18, 1856 80 260 do. 34} 2 August 21, 1856 August 30, 1856 81 10 do. ( 3 Dec. 1, 1856 March 8, 1857 82 93 do. 8*5 1 Dec. 7, 1857 June 1, 1858 82 177 do. OO < 2 Dec. 6, 1858 March 3, 1859 83 88 do. . C 1 Dec. 5, 1859 June 18, 1860 84 196 do. 2 Dec. 3, 1860 March 4, 1861 85 93 do. f 1 July 3, 1861 August 6, 1861 85 34 do. 87 1 2 Dec. 2, 1861 July 17, 1862 86 228 do. ( 3 Dec. 1, 1862 March 4, 1863 87 94 do. A8 5 1 Dec. 7, 1863 July 2, 1864 88 209 do. C7O < 2 Dec. 5, 1864 March 4, 1865 89 90 do. 29 T 5 1 Dec. 4, 1865 July 28, 1866 90 237 do. M 2 Dec. 3, 1866 March 4, 1867 91 92 do. 1 1 March 4, 1867 March 30, 1867 91 26 do. 40J 2 July 3, 1867 July 20, 1867 91 18 do. "VS 3 Nov. 21, 1867 Dec. 2, 1867 91 12 do. I 4 Dec. 2, 1867 STATISTICAL RECORDS. 435 SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 1st Congress. F. A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania. 2d " Jonathan Trurabull, Connecticut. 3d " F. A. Muhlenberg, Pennsylvania. 4th " Jonathan Dayton, New Jersey. pf u (/ C Jonathan Dayton, " ota ( George Dent, pro tern., Maryland. 6th " Theodore Sedgwick, Massachusetts. 7th " Nathaniel Macon, North Carolina 8th " Nathaniel Macon, M 9th " Nathaniel Macon, '* 10th " Joseph B. Varnum, Massachusetts. llth " Joseph B. Varnum, u 12th " Henry Clay, Kentucky. C Henry Clay, 1st session, 14 13th \ Langdon Cheves, 2d " South Carolina. 14th " Henry Clay, Kentucky. loth " Henry Clay, " ii'ti, C Henry Clay, 1st session, " lOLtt 1 John W. Taylor, 2d " New York. 17th " Philip B. Barbour, Virginia. 18th " Henry Clay, Kentucky. 19th " John J. Taylor, New York. 20th " Andrew Stevenson, Virginia. 21st " Andrew Stevenson, u 22d " Andrew Stevenson, " t( C Andrew Stevenson, 1st session, u 3d ( Henry Hubbard, pro tern.. New Hampshire, 24th " John Bell, Tennessee. 25th " James K. Polk, u 26th " James K. Polk, M , C Eobert M. T. Hunter, Virginia. I John Waite, Kentucky. C John W. Jones, Virginia, 28th (_ George W. Hopkins, pro tern. 29th " John W. Davis, Indiana. Qntfi < C Eobert C. Winthrop, Massachusetts. Ol/tll i Armistead Burt, pro tern., South Carolina. u C Howell Cobb, Georgia. olSt ( E. C. Winthrop, pro tern., Massachusetts. 32d " Linn Boyd, Kentucky. 33d " Linn Boyd, " 34th " Nathaniel P. Banks, Massachusetts. 35th " James L. Orr, South Carolina* 36th " William Pennington, New Jersey. 37th " Galusha A. Grow, Pennsylvania. 38th " Schuyler Colfax, Indiana. 39th " Schuyler Colfax, " 40th " Schuyler Colfax, " PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE. VICE-PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. Congresses. 1 to 4. John Adams, Massachusetts. 5 and 6. Thomas Jefferson, Virginia. 7 and 8. Aaron Burr, New York. 9 to 12. George Clinton,* " 13 and 14. Elbridge Gerry,* Massachusetts. 15 to 18. Daniel D. Tomklns. New York. * Died in office. 436 STATISTICAL RECORDS. Congresses. 19 to 22. 23 and 24. 25 and 26. 27. 29 and 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. John C. Calhoun,* Martin Van Buren, Richard M. Johnson, John Tyler,f George M. Dallas, Millard Fillmore,t William R. King, (Vacant.) (Vacant.) John C. Breckenridge, John C. Breckenridge, Hannibal Hamlin, Hannibal Hamlin, Andrew Johnson, j| South Carolina. New York. Kentucky. Virginia. Pennsylvania. New York. Alabama. Kentucky, u Maine. Tennessee. PRESIDENTS OF THE SENATE, PEG TEM. 1st Congress. 2d " 3d " 4th " 5th " 6th * 8th 9th 10th llth 12th 13th 14th 16th 17th 18th 19th 21st John Langdon, ( Richard Henry Lee, ( John Langdon, 5 Ralph Izard, < Henry Tazewell, ( Samuel Livermore, 1 William Bingham, William Bradford, Jacob Read, Theodore Sedgwick, John Lawrence, James Ross, Samuel Livermore, Uriah Tracy, John E. Howard, James Hillhouse, t Abraham Baldwin, ( Stephen R. Bradley, f John Browne, 2 Jesse Franklin, ( Joseph Anderson, ( Samuel Smith, \ Samuel Smith, C Samuel Smith, 3 Stephen R. Bradley, ( John Milledge, C Andrew Gregg, 1 John Gaillard, ( John Pope. C William H Crawford, { Joseph B. Varnum, John Gaillard, John Gaillard, $ John Gaillard, \ James Barbour, 5 James Barbour, I John Gaillard, John Gaillard, John Gaillard, Nathaniel Macon, C Nathaniel Macon, ( Samuel Smith, Samuel Smith, New Hampshire. Virginia. New Hampshire. South Carolina. Virginia. New Hampshire. Pennsylvania. Rhode Island. South Carolina. Massachusetts. New York. Pennsylvania. New Hampshire. Connecticut. Maryland. Connecticut, Georgia. Vermont. Kentucky. North Carolina. Tennessee. Maryland. Vermont. Georgia. Pennsylvania. South Carolina. Kentucky. Georgia. Massachusetts. South Carolina. Virginia. South Carolina. ii North Carolina, M Maryland. * Resigned December 28, 1832. t Became President by death of Taylor. || Became President by death of Lincoln. t Became President by death of Harrison. Died in office. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 437 22d Congress. 24th 25th 26th 28th 29th 30th 31st 32d 33d 34th 35th 36th 37th 38th 39th 40th C Littleton W. Tazewell, Virginia. $ Hugh L. White, Tennessee. C George Poindexter, Mississippi. { John Tyler, Virginia. William R. King, Alabama. William R. King, William R. King, " C Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey. Willie P. Mangum, North Carolina. Willie P. Mangum, " David R. At6hison, Missouri. David R. Atchison, " William R. King, Alabama. William R. King, " David R. Atchison, Missouri. Jesse D. Bright, Indiana. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, Alabama. C Jesse D. Bright, Indiana. \ Solomon Foot, Vermont. Solomon Foot, " C Solomon Foot, " Daniel Clark, New Hampshire. La Fayette S. Foster, Connecticut. Benjamin F. Wade, Ohio. SECRETARIES OF THE SENATE Names. States. Time of appoint ment. Expiration of ser vice. Samuel Allyne Otis, Charles Cutts, . Walter Lowrie, . Asbury Dickens, John W. Forney, George C. Gorham, Massachusetts, New Hampshire Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, California, 8 April, 1789 11 Oct., 1814 12 Dec., 1825 12 Dec., 183G 15 July, 1861 4 June, 1868 18 April, 1814 12 Dec., 1825 5 Dec., 1836 15 July, 1861 4 June, 1868 CLERKS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Names. States. Time of appoint ment. Expiration of ser vice. John Beckley, Virginia, 1 April, 1789 15 May, 1797 Jonathan Williams Condy, Pennsylvania, 15 May, 1797 9 Dec., 1800 John Holt Oswald, Pennsylvania, 9 Dec., 1800 7 Dec., 1801 John Beckley, Virginia, 7 Dec., 1801 26 Oct., 1807 Patrick Magruder, Maryland, 26 Oct., 1807 28 Jan., 1815 Thomas Dougherty, . Kentucky, 30 Jan., 1815 3 Dec., 1822 Matthew St. Clair Clarke, Pennsylvania, 3 Dec., 1822 2 Dec., 1833 Walter S. Franklin, . Pennsylvania, 2 Dec., 1833 20 Sept., 1838 Hugh A. Garland, Virginia, 3 Dec., 1838 31 May, 1841 Matthew St. Clair Clarke, Pennsylvania, 31 May, 1841 6 Dec., 1843 Caleb J. McNulty, Ohio, 6 Dec., 1843 18 Jan., 1845 Benjamin B. French, . New Hampshire 18 Jan., 1845 7 Dec., 1847 Thomas Jefferson Campbel , Tennessee, 7 Dec., 1847 13 April, 1850 Richard M. Young, Illinois, 17 April, 1850 1 Dec., 1851 John W. Forney, Pennsylvania, 1 Dec., 1851 4 Feb., 1856 William Cullom, Tennessee, 4 Feb., 1856 6 Dec., 1857 James C. Allen, . . Illinois, 6 Dec., 1857 3 Feb., 1860 John W. Forney, Pennsylvania, 3 Feb., 1860 4 July, 1861 Emerson Etheridge, . Tennessee, 4 July, 1861 8 Dec., 1863 Edward McPherson, . Pennsylvania, 8 Dec., 1863 438 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. CHAPLAINS TO CONGRESS. Showing the names of clergymen who have served as Chaplains to the Senate since 1789 ; also, the churches to which they belonged, in the order of their appointment. The initials opposite the name signify : B. for Baptist, C. for Congregationalist, D. for Dutch Reformed, E. for Episcopalian, L. for Lutheran, M. for Methodist, P. for Pres byterian, R. C. for Roman Catholic, U. for Universalist, Uu. for Unitarian. Names. Church. Kt. Rev. Bishop Samuel Provost, Rt. Rev. Bishop White, Rt. Rev. Bishop Clagett, . Rev. Dr. E. Gantt, Rev. A. T. McCormick, . Rev. Dr. Gantt, Rev. John J. Sayers, . Rev. Dr. Gantt, .... Rev. A. T. McCormick, Rev. R. Elliott, .... Rev. M. Wilmer, Rev. O. B. Brown, . Rev. Walter Addison, Rev. J. Breckenridge, D.D. Rev. Jesse Lee, .... Rev. J. Glendy, .... Rev. J. Glendy, .... Rev. S. E. Dwight, . Rev. William Hawley, . . Rev. John Clark, . . ."_ _ M Rev. B. Allison, Eev. William Ryland, E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. E. P. E. B. E. P. M. P. P. C. E. P. B. M. Names. Rt. Rev. C. P. Mcllvaine, D.D. Rev. W. Staughton, . . Rt. Rev. C. P. Mcllvaine, D.D. Rev. W. Staughton, . Rev. W. Ryland, Rev. H. V. D. Johns, D.D. Rev. J. P. Durbin, D.D. . Rev. C. C. Pise, Rev. T. W. Hatch, . Rev. E. Y. Higby, Rev. Henry Slicer, Rev. G. G. Cookman, * Rev. S. Tustin, D.D. Rev. Henry Slicer, Rev. C. M. Butler, D.D. . Rev. Henry Slicer, Rev. Henry C. Dean, Rev. Stephen P. Hill, Rev. P. C. Gurley, D.D. . Rev. Le Roy Sunderlaud, D.D. Rev. Dr. Thomas Bowman, Rev. Dr. E. H. Gray, Church. . E. . B. . E. . B. . M. . E. . M. R. C. E. E. M. M. P. M. E. M. M. B. P. P. M. B. Showing the names of clergymen who have served as Chaplains to the House of Eepre~ sentatives since 1789. Names. Rev. William Lynn, D.D. Rev. Samuel Blair, Rev. Ashbel Green, D.D. Rev. Thomas Lyell, . Rev. W. Parkinson, . Rev. W. Bentley, Rev. W. Parkinson, . Rev. James Laurie, T- Rev. J. Glendy, Rev. R. Elliott, Rev. O. B. Brown, Rev. Jesse Lee, . Rev. N. Sneathen, Rev. Jesse Lee. Rev. O. B. Brown, Rev. S. H. Cone, D.D. Rev. B. Allison, Rev. J. N. Campbell, . Rev. Jared Sparks, LL.D. Rev. J. Breckenridge, D.D. Rev. H. B. Bascomb, D.D. Rev. Reuben Post, D.D. . Rev. R. R. Gurley, Rev. Reuben Post, D.D. . Rev. W. Hammett, . Church. Names. Church. , P. Rev. T. H. Stockton, D.D. . . M. . P. Rev. E. D. Smith, .... P. , P. Rev. T. H. Stockton, D.D. . . M. . M. Rev. O. C. Comstock, ._ ._ . B. . B. Rev. S. Tustin, D.D. . ---.-- . p. , C. Rev. L. R. Reese, . . . . M. B. Rev. Joshua Bates, . . . . C. , P. Rev. T. W. Braxton, . . . . B. P. Rev. J. W. French, . . . . E. P. Rev. J. N. Mafflt, D.D. . . M. B. Rev. J. S. Tiffany, . . . . E. M. Rev. J. S. Tinsley, . B. M. Rev. W. M. Daily, D.D. . . M. M. Rev. W. H. Milburn, . . M. B. Rev. W. S. S. Sprole, . . P. B. Rev. P. D. Gurley, D.D. . . P. B. Rev. L. F. Morgan, . . . M. P. Rev. James Gallagher, . . P. Un. Rev. W. H. Milburn, . . M. P. Rev. Daniel Waldo, . . . . C. M. Rev. Daniel Waldo, . C. , P. Rev. T. H. Stockton, D.D. . . M. , P. Rev. W. H. Channing, . U. P. Rev. Charles B. Boynton, D.D. . C. M. NOTE. The Thirty-fifth Congress discontinued the usage of electing Chaplains, and extended an invitation to the clergy of the District of Columbia to alternate in opening the daily sessions by prayer, and in preaching on the Sabbath; which they continued to do until the Thirty-sixth Congress; but tho Thirty-seventh Congress returned to the old practice. STATISTICAL EE COEDS. 439 SUCCESSIVE ADMINISTRATIONS. [OFFICIALLY PREPARED FOR THIS WORK.] FIRST ADMINISTRATION 178.9 TO 1797. EIGHT YEARS. President GEORGE WASHINGTON, Virginia. Vice- President JOHN ADAMS, Massachusetts. Secretaries of State* Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, appointed September 26, 1789 ; Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, January 2, 1794 ; Timothy Pickering, of Massachu setts, December 10, 1795^ Secretaries of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton, of New York, September 11, 1789; Oliver Wolcott, of Connecticut, February 3, 1795. Secretaries of War and of the Navy^ Henry Knox of Massachusetts, September 12, 1789; Timothy Pickering, of Massachusetts, January 2, 1794; James McHenry, of Maryland, January 27, 1796. Postmasters- General^ Samuel Osgood, of Massachusetts, September 26, 1789; Tim othy Pickering, of Massachusetts, November 7, 1791 ; Joseph Habersham, of Georgia, February 25, 1795. Attorneys- General Edmund Randolph, of Virginia, September 26, 1789, made Secre tary of State, January 2, 1794; William Bradford, of Pennsylvania, January 28, 1794; died. Charles Lee, of Virginia, December 10, 1795. SECOND ADMINISTRATION 1797 TO 1801. FOUR YEARS. President JOHN ADAMS, Massachusetts. Vice- Preside nt THOMAS JEFFERSON, Virginia. Secretaries of State Timothy Pickering, continued in office ; John Marshall, of Vir ginia, May 13, 1800. Secretaries of the Treasury Oliver Wolcott, continued in office ; Samuel Dexter of Massachusetts, May 31, 1800. Secretaries of War James McHenry, continued in office ; Samuel Dexter, of Massa chusetts, May 13, 1800; Roger Griswold, of Connecticut, February 3, 1801. Secretaries of the Navy George Cabot, of Massachusetts, May 3, 1798, declined; Ben jamin Stoddert, of Maryland, May 21, 1798. Postmaster-General Joseph Habersham, continued. Attorney- General Charles Lee, continued. THIRD ADMINISTRATION 1801 TO 1809. EIGHT YEARS. President THOMAS JEFFERSON, Virginia. Vice- Presidents AARON BURR, New York ; GEORGE CLINTON, New York. Secretary of State James Madison, of Virginia, March 6, 1801. Secretaries of the Treasury Samuel Dexter, continued in office ; Albert Gallatin, of Pennsylvania, May 14, 1802. Secretary of War Henry Dearborn, of Massachusetts, March 4, 1801. Secretaries of the Navy Benjamin Stoddert, continued in office ; Robert Smith, of Maryland, January 20, 1802 ; Jacob Crownshield, of Massachusetts, March 2, 1805. Postmasters- General Joseph Habersham, continued in office; Gideon Granger, of Connecticut, January 26, 1802. Attorneys-General Theophilus Parsons, of Massachusetts, February 20, 1801, de clined; Levi Lincoln, of Massachusetts, March 6,1801; resigned in 1805. Robert Smith, of Maryland, March 2, 1805; John Breckenridge, of Kentucky, December 25, 1805 ; Ca3sar A. Rodney, of Pennsylvania, January 20, 1807. FOURTH ADMINISTRATION 1809 TO 1817. EIGHT YEARS. President JAMES MADISON, Virginia. Vice- Presidents GEORGE CLINTON, New York, ELBRIDGE GERRY, Massachusetts. Secretaries of State Robert Smith, of Maryland, March 6, 1809 ; James Monroe, of Virginia, November 25, 1811. * The Department of State was created by the Act of September 15, 1789, previously to which, by Act of July 27, 1789, it was denominated the Department of Foreign Affairs. t The War Department, as created by Act of Congress of August 7, 1789, had also the superintendence of Naval Affairs. A separation took place in April, 1798, when a Navy Department was established. t From the organization of the Government down to the year 1829 the Postmasters-General were not recognized as members of the Cabinet, but are herein printed as sucu for the sake of uniformity. 440 STATISTICAL RECOKDS. Secretaries of the Treasury Albert Gallatin, continued in office; George W. Camp bell, of Tennessee, February 9, 1814 ; Alexander J. Dallas, of Pennsylvania, October C, 1814. Secretaries of War William Eustis, of Massachusetts, March 7, 1809 ; John Arm strong, of New York, January 19, 1813; James Monroe, of Virginia, September 2G, 1814; William H. Crawford, of Georgia, March 2, 1815. Secretaries of the Navy Paul Hamilton, of South Carolina, March 7, 1800 ; William Jones of Pennsylvania, January 12, 1813; Benjamin W. Crowinshield, of Massachu setts, December 17, 1814. Postmasters- General Gideon Granger, continued in office; E. J. Meigs, of Ohio, March 17, 1814. Attorneys- General Caesar A. Rodney, continued in office; William Pinkney, of Maryland, December 11, 1811 ; Richard Bush, February 10, 1814. FIFTH ADMINISTRATION 1817 TO 1825. EIGHT YEARS. President JAMES MONROE, Virginia. Vice- President DANIEL D. TOMKINS, New York. Secretary of State John Q. Adams, of Massachusetts, March 3, 1817. Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford, of Georgia, October 22, 1817. Secretaries of War Isaac Shelby, of Kentucky, March 5, 1817, declined the appoint ment; John C. Calhoun, of South Carolina, December 1C, 1817. Secretaries of the Navy Benjamin W. Crowninshield, continued in office; Smith Thompson, of New York, November 30, 1818; John Rogers, 1823; Samuel L. South ard, of New Jersey, December 9, 1823. Postmasters- General Return J. Meigs, continued in office; John McLean, of Ohio, December 9, 1823. Attorney- General William Wirt, of Virginia, December 15, 1817. SIXTH ADMINISTRATION 1825 TO 1829. FOUR YEARS. President JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, Massachusetts. Vice- President JOHN C. CALHOUN, South Carolina. Secretary of State Henry Clay, of Kentucky, March 8, 1825. Secretary of the Treasury Richard Rush, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1825. Secretaries of War James Barbour, of Virginia, March 7, 1825 ; Peter B. Porter, of New York, May 26, 1828. Secretary of the Navy Samuel L. Southard, continued in office. Postmasters- General John McLean, continued in office. Attorney- General William Wirt, continued in office. SEVENTH ADMINISTRATION 1829 TO 1837. EIGHT YEARS. President ANDREW JACKSON, Tennessee. Vice- Presidents JOHN C. CALHOUN, South Carolina; MARTIN VANBUREN, New York. Secretaries of State Martin Van Buren, of New York, March 6, 1829 ; Edward Liv ingston, of Louisiana, 1831; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1833; JohnForsyth, of Geor gia, 1834. Secretaries of the Treasury Samuel D. Ingham, of Pennsylvania, March 6, 1829; Louis McLane, of Delaware, 1831 ; William J. Duane, of Pennsylvania, 1833 ; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, 1833 (not confirmed by the Senate) ; Lev! Woodbury, of New Hampshire, 1834. Secretaries of War John H. Eaton, of Tennessee, March 9, 1829 ; Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 1831. Secretaries of the Navy John Branch, of North Carolina, March 9, 1829; Levi Wood- bury, of New Hampshire, 1831 ; Mahlon Dickerson, of New Jersey, 1834. Postmasters- General William T. Barry,* of Kentucky, March 9, 1829 ; Amos Kendall, of Kentucky, 1835. Attorneys- General John M. Berrien, of Georgia, March 9, 1829; Roger B. Taney, of Maryland, December 27, 1831 ; Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, June 24, 1834. EIGHTH ADMINISTRATION 1837 TO 1841. FOUR YEARS. President MARTIN VAN BUREN, New York. * Before the accession of Andrew Jackson to the Presidency, the Postmaster-General was looked npon as the head of a bureau, but President Jackson invited Mr. Barry to a seat in his Cabinet meetings, since which time the head of the Post Office Department has been considered a regular member of the Cabinet. STATISTICAL RE COEDS. 441 Vice- President RICHARD M. JOHNSON, Kentucky. Secretary of State John Forsyth, of Georgia, June 27, 1834. Secretary of the Treasury Levi Woodbury, of New Hampshire, June 27, 1834. Secretary of War Joel R. Potusett, of South Carolina, March 7, 1837. Secretaries of the Navy Mahlon Dickerson, of New Jersey, June 30, 1834; James K. Paulding, of New York, June 30, 1838. Postmasters- General Amos Kendall, of Massachusetts, May 1, 1835; John M. Niles, of Connecticut, May 25, 1840. Attorneys-General Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, continued in office, having acted for live months as Secretary of War; Felix Grundy, of Tennessee, September 1, 1838 ; Henry D. Gilpin, of Pennsylvania, January 10, 1840. NINTH ADMINISTRATION 1841 TO 1845. FOUR YEARS. President General WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, Ohio. Died April 4, 1841. Vice- President JOHN TYLER, Virginia. President JOHN TYLER, Virginia (from April 4, 1841). Secretaries of State Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Legare, of South Carolina, May 9, 1843, died June 20, 1843; Abel P. TJpshur, of Vir ginia, June 24, 1843, died February 28, 1844; John Nelson, acting, February 29, 1844; John C. Calhouu, of South Carolina, March 6, 1844. Secretaries of the Treasury Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, March 5, 1841 ; Walter For ward, of Pennsylvania, September 13, 1841; John C. Spencer, of New York, March 3, 1843; George M. Bibb, of Kentucky, June 15, 1844. Secretaries of War John Bell, of Tennessee, March 5, 1841 ; John C. Spencer, of New York, October 12, 1841, transferred to Treasury Department; James M. Porter, of Pennsylvania, March 8, 1843, rejected by the Senate; William Wilkins, of Pennsyl vania, February 15, 1844. Secretaries of the Navy George E. Badger, of North Carolina, March 5, 1841 ; Abel P. Upshur, of Virginia, September 13, 1841, transferred to Department of State ; David Hen- shaw, of Massachusetts, July 24, 1843, rejected by the Senate ; Thomas W. Gilmer, of Virginia, February 15, 1844, died February 28, 1844; JohnY. Mason, of Virginia, March 14, 1844. Postmasters-General Francis Granger, of New York, March 6, 1841; Charles A. Wicklifle, of Kentucky, September 13, 1841. Attorneys-General John J. Crittenden, of Kentucky, March 5, 1841 ; Hugh S. Le gare, of South Carolina, September 13, 1841, died; John Nelson, of Maryland, January 2, 1844. TENTH ADMINISTRATION 1845 TO 1849. FOUR YEARS. President JAMES KNOX POLK, Tennessee. Vice- President GEORGE M. DALLAS, Pennsylvania. Secretary of State James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, March 5, 1845. Secretary of the Treasury Robert J. Walker, of Mississippi, March 5, 1845. Secretary of War William L. Marcy, of New York, March 5, 1845. Secretary of the Navy George Bancroft, of Massachusetts, March, 1845 ; John Y. Mason, of Virginia, in 1846. Postmaster- General Cave Johnson, of Tennessee, March 5, 1845. Attorneys- General John Y. Mason, of Virginia, March 5, 1845; Nathan Clifford, of Maine, December 23, 1846; Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, June 21, 1848. ELEVENTH ADMINISTRATION 1849 TO 1853, FOUR YEARS. President ZACHARY TAYLOR, Louisiana. Died July 9, 1850. Vice- President MILLARD FILLMORE, New York. President MILLARD FILLMORE, New York. Succeeded Zachary Taylor, on his death, July 9, 1850. Secretaries of State John M. Clayton, of Delaware, March 7, 1849 ; Daniel Webster, of Massachusetts, July 20, 1850, died October 24, 1852 ; Edward Everett, of Massachu setts, November, 1852. Secretaries of the Treasury William M. Meredith, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1849 ; Thomas Corwin, of Ohio, July 20, 1850. Secretaries of War George W. Crawford, of Georgia, March 7, 1849; Winfield Scott, we/interim, July 23, 1850; Charles M. Conrad, of Louisiana, August 15, 1850. Secretaries of the Navy William B. Preston, of Virginia, March 7, 1849; William A. Graham, of North Carolina, July 20, 1850; John P. Kennedy, of Maryland, in 1852. Secretaries of the Interior Thomas Ewing, of Ohio, March 7, 1849 ; Alexander H. H. Stuart, of Virginia, September 12, 1850. 442 STATISTICAL RECORDS. Postmasters- General Jacob Collamer, of Vermont, March 7, 1849; Nathan K. Hall, of New York, July 20, 1850; Samuel D. Hubbard, of Connecticut, 1852. Attorneys-General Reverdy Johnson, of Maryland, March 7, 1849; John J. Critten- den, of Kentucky, July 20, 1850. TWELFTH ADMINISTRATION 1853 TO 1857. FOUR YEARS. President FRANKLIN FIERCE, New Hampshire. Vice- President WILLIAM R. KING, Alabama. Died April 18, 1853. Secretary of State William L. Marcy, of New York, March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Treasury James Guthrie, of Kentucky, March 7, 1853. Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Navy James C. Dobbin, of North Carolina, March 7, 1853. Secretary of the Interior Robert McClelland, of Michigan, March 7, 1853. Postmaster-General James Campbell, of Pennsylvania, March 7, 1853. Attorney-General Caleb Cushing, of Massachusetts, March 7, 1853. THIRTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 1857 TO 1861. FOUR YEARS. President JAMES BUCHANAN, Pennsylvania. Vice- President JOHN C. BRECKINRIDGE, Kentucky. Secretaries of State Lewis Cass, of Michigan, March, 1857; Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, December, I860. Secretaries of the Treasury Howell Cobb, of Georgia, March, 1857; Philip F. Thomas, of Maryland, December, 1860; John A. Dix, of New York, January, 1861. Secretaries of War John B. Floyd, of Virginia, March, 1857 ; Joseph Holt, of Ken tucky, December, 1860. Secretary of the Navy Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, March, 1857. Secretary of the Interior Jacob Thompson, of Mississippi, March, 1857. Postmasters- General Aaron V. Brown, of Tennessee, March, 1857, died; Joseph Holt, of Kentucky, March, 1859; Horatio King, of Maine, February 12, 1SG1. Attorneys- General Jeremiah S. Black, of Pennsylvania, March, 1857; Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, December, 1860. FOURTEENTH ADMINISTRATION 1861 TO 1869. EIGHT YEARS. President ABRAHAM LINCOLN, of Illinois. Died April 15, 1865. Vice- Presidents HANNIBAL, HAMLIN, of Maine ; ANDREW JOHNSON, of Tennessee, March 4, 1865. President ANDREW JOHNSON, of Tennessee, succeeded Abraham Lincoln, on his death, April 15, 1865. Secretary of State William H. Seward, of New York, March, 1861. Secretaries' of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, of Ohio, March, 1861 ; William P. Fessenden, of Maine, July 1, 1864; Hugh McCulloch, of Indiana, March, 1865. Secretaries of War Simon Cameron, of Pennsylvania, March, 1861 ; Edwin M. Stanton, of Ohio, January, 1862. Suspended August 12, 1867, and General Ulysses S. Grant appointed ad interim ; but, by order of the Senate, Mr. Stanton was reinstated in the War Office, January 14, 1868. On the 21st February, 1868, Mr. Stanton was re moved from office, and Major-General Lorenzo Thomas, the Adjutant-General, was appointed Secretary of War ad interim; but the Senate did not concur, and Mr. Stanton continued in office. The Senate, as a Court of Impeachment, having failed, Mr. Stanton, on the 26th of May, 1868, voluntarily retired from the War Department. John M. Schofleld, of Illinois, May 80, 1868. Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, of Connecticut, March, 1861. Secretaries of the Interior Caleb B. Smith, of Indiana, March, 1861, resigned De cember, 1862 ; John P. Usher, of Indiana, January, 1863 ; James Harlan, of Iowa, May, 1865 ; O. H. Browning, of Illinois, appointed in July, 1866, but did not enter upon his duties until September 1, 1866. Postmasters- General Montgomery Blair, of Maryland, March, 1861 ; William Den- nison, of Ohio, October, 1864 ; Alexander W. Randall, of Wisconsin, July, 1866. Attorneys- General Edward Bates, of Missouri, March, 1861; James Speed of Ken tucky, December, 1864 ; H. F. Stanbery, of Kentucky, July, 1866. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 443 CABINET MINISTERS WHO HAVE NOT SERVED IN CONGRESS. tWith a view of making more complete the present record of Cabinet Ministers, It has been deemed advisable to submit the following brief sketches of those who have not served in Congress ; while those who were in Congress will be found duly noticed in the body. of this volume.] BANCROFT, GEORGE. Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1800 ; commenced his education at Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, and graduated at Cambridge Univer sity, in 1817; in 1818 he visited Europe, studied at Gottengen and Berlin, and travelled extensively; in 1823 he published a volume of Poems; in 1824 a translation of" Heeren's Politics of Greece ; " and became a frequent contributor to the " North American " and other reviews. On his return from Europe he spent one year as a Tutor at Harvard; was at the head of the Kouud Hill School at Northampton ; from 1838 to 1841 he was Collector of Boston, appointed by President Van Buren ; in 1844 he was an unsuccess ful candidate for the Governorship of Massachusetts ; in 1845 he was appointed, by President Polk, Secretary of the Navy; in 1846 he was appointed Minister to Great Britain, remaining there until 1849 ; on his return he settled in New York and became an active member of various learned societies. In 1834 he published the first volume of his " History of the United States," since which time, eight additional volumes have appeared ; in 1855 he published his " Literary and Historical Miscellanies ;" in 1865, by invitation of Congress he delivered, in the Capitol, an oration on the death of Abraham Lincoln ; and in 1867 he was appointed, by President Johnson, Minister to Prussia. BLACK, JEREMIAH S. He was born in Pennsylvania about the year 1807; received a good education; studied law, and, after devoting himself to the practice for ten years, he was appointed, in 1851, a Judge in Somerset County which office he held until 1857 ; and during the latter year he went into the Cabinet of President Buchanan, as Attor ney-General. BLAIR, MONTGOMERY. He was born in Franklin County, Kentucky, May 10, 1813; was educated at the West Point Academy ; served in the Florida War under General Scott; studied law and settled in the practice of the profession at St. Louis in 1839 ; was Mayor of that city in 1842 ; Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1843 to 1849, when he resigned ; in 1852 he removed to Maryland ; practised his profession in the Supreme Court of the United States and was one of the Counsel in the Dred Scott case ; was appointed Solicitor of the Court of Claims by President Pierce ; in 1860 he acted as President of the " Maryland Republican Convention " and as a Presidential Elector at the subsequent Election ; and by President Lincoln, he was appointed, in 1861, Postmaster-General, resigning the position in October, 1864. His brother, F. P. Blair, Jr., was a member of Congress, and his father, Francis P. Blair, was for many years a Public Printer, in Washington, in conjunction with John C. Rives. BRADFORD, WILLIAM. Born in Philadelphia in 1755; graduated a Princeton in 1772, With a high reputation for talents ; he was engaged in the study of law at the out break of the Revolution, but entered the army as Major of Brigade to General Rober- deau ; he next commanded a company of regular troops under Colonel Hampton ; he was then appointed Deputy Muster-Master-General with the rank of Lieutenant-Colo nel, which office ill health compelled him to resign after serving two years ; he returned to the study of law, and in 1779 was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania ; in August, 1790, he was appointed Attorney-General of the State ; in 1791 was commissioned as Judge of the Supreme Court, which office he held until 1794, when he was appointed Attorney-General of the United States ; in 1793 he published an " Inquiry how far the Punishment of Death is Necessary in Pennsylvania," with notes and illustrations ; and, in the earlier periods of his life, some of his poetical pro ductions were published in the " Philadelphia Magazine." He died August 23, 1793. BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. He was born in Kinderhook, New York, December 14, 1795 ; studied law with Martin Van Buren, and after his admission to the bar, in 1817, became the law partner of his law preceptor; in 1821 he was appointed District Attorney for the City of Albany ; in 1824 he was appointed one of three lawyers to re vise the laws of Ne\v York; in 1827 he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1829 he was appointed a Regent of the New York University, resigning the position in 1832; in ISO he was appointed a Commissioner to settle a dispute between the States of New York and New Jersey; in November of the same year he went into President Jackson's Cabinet as Attorney-General, and continued in the office one year with President Van Buren ; from October, 1836, to March, 1837, he officiated as Secretary of War ; in 1845 444 STATISTICAL EECORDS. he was a Presidential Elector, and he was subsequently twice appointed United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. In October, 1858, he went to Europe for the improvement of his health, and in a few weeks thereafter he died at Paris. From his funeral sermon, preached in New York City by the Rev. Dr. William B. Sprague, we learu that he was a man of superior ability and high character. DALLAS, ALEXANDER J. Born on the Island of Jamaica, June 21, 1759. His father was from Scotland. He received an excellent education at Edinburgh and Westmin ster, and emigrated to the United States in 1783, and settled at Philadelphia, where he studied law and established himself in practice. He was engaged in literary pursuits ; was a frequent contributor to periodicals, and at one time Editor of the " Columbian Magazine." He prepared a system of law reports which were published in four volumes. In January, 1791, he was appointed Secretary of Pennsylvania, and held the office until 1801, when he was appointed District Attorney of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania; in October, 1814, was appointed Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, and for a time performed the duties of Secretary of War in addi tion ; in September, 1816, he resigned, and resumed the practice of law in Philadel phia; died January 16, 1817. He published "Features of Jay's Treaty," in 1795, and various speeches, reports and addresses, and left unfinished a " History of Penn sylvania." DENNISON, WILLIAM. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, November 23, 1815; graduated at the Miami University in 1835; studied law and came to the bar in 1840; settled in Co lumbus where he practised his profession until 1848 ; during that year he was elected to the Legislature; in 1852 he was a Presidential Elector; and about that time was made President of the Exchange Bank of Columbus, and also President of the Columbus and Xenia Railroad Company; in 1856 he was a Delegate to the " Pittsburgh Conven tion," which inaugurated the Republican party, and took an active part in its proceed ings; was also a Delegate to the "Philadelphia Convention" of the same year; in 1860 and 1861 he was Governor of Ohio, and did much towards organizing the Volun teer army for subduing the Rebellion ; he was Chairman of the "Ohio Convention" held in 1862; a Delegate to-the "Baltimore Convention" of 1864, over which he pre sided as President; and in October, 1864, he became a member of President Lincoln's Cabinet as Postmaster-General, which position he resigned. DUANE, WILLIAM J. He was born in Pennsylvania, in 1780, and was appointed by President Jackson, Secretary of the Treasury, which office he held only for a few months during the year 1823. FLOYD, JOHN B. He was born in Montgomery, now Pulaski County, Virginia, in 1805, and was the son of John Floyd, formerly a member of Congress. He was a stu dent at the Georgetown College, District of Columbia, but graduated at the State Col lege of South Carolina, in 1826; from 1836 to 1839 he resided in Arkansas; from 1847 to 1849 he served in the Virginia Legislature ; was Governor of Virginia from 1849 to 1852; was a Delegate to the Cincinnati Convention of 1856; was Secretary of War in the administration of President Buchanan, and in 1860 caused an extensive transfer of arms from Northern to Southern Arsenals ; and he was one of the first to join the Re bellion, in which he took a leading part as a Brigadier-General. He died at Abiugdon, Virginia, August 27, 1863. . GILPIN, HENRY D. He was born in Pennsylvania, in 1801 ; was well educated; and long a successful lawyer. In January, 1840, he went into President Van Buren's Cabinet as Attorney-General, where he remained until March, 1841. Died in 1860. GRANGER, GIDEON. Born in Suffield, Connecticut, July 19, 1767; graduated at Yale College in 1787, and in the following year was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Connecticut, where he practised with great distinction. In 1793 he was elect ed a member of the Legislature, and continued in that body several years. To his exer tions the State is principally indebted for its school fund. In 1801 he was appointed Postmaster-General of the United States, and continued in that office until 1814, when he removed to the State of New York. In 1819 he was elected to the State Senate, which situation he resigned in 1821, on account of ill health. He did much to promote internal improvements of the State ; and gave one thousand acresof land in aid of thecanal. He died in Canandaigua, December 31, 1822. His writings were confined almost en tirely to political subjects ; his principal publications were written in favor of the ad ministrations of President Jefferson and Governor Clinton, and on the school fund of Connecticut. He was an able speaker and a powerful writer. HAMILTON, PAUL. Born in South Carolina ; was a patriot of the Revolution ; was appointed, in 1799, Comptroller of South Carolina, which office he held over five years. STATISTICAL BECOBDS. 445 In 1804 he was elected Governor of the State. In 1809 he was appointed Secretary of the Navy, and held the office until 1812, when he resigned. He died at Beaufort, June SO, 1816. HENSHAW, DAVID. Born in Leicester, Massachusetts, April 2, 1791, and his father was a patriot of the Kevolution; he received a common-school education; while yet a young man he went into the drug business, but devoted much of his attention to writ ing on politics ; he was for nine years Collector of Customs for the Port of Boston ; was appointed in 1843, by President Tyler, Secretary of the Navy, and, after holding the office for nearly a year, was rejected by the Senate. He took an important part iu the earlier railroad operations of his State, and was one of the projectors of the Boston and Worcester and Providence Railroads. Died in Leicester, November 11, 1852. HOLT, JOSEPH. Born in Breckenridge County, Kentucky, January 6, 1807 ; was edu cated at the St. Joseph and Centre Colleges of that State; studied law, came to the bar iu 1828 , and settled in Louisville. For two years he was Attorney for the Common wealth ; was a visitor to West Point in 1835, appointed by President Jackson ; a Delegate to the "Baltimore Convention" of that year, in which he vindicated R. M. Johnson from certain political imputations made against him ; from 1835 to 1840 he resided iu Mississippi, practising his profession, when he returned to Louisville ; from 1848 to 1851 he travelled in Europe and the East, going up the Nile and visiting Jerusalem. In 1857 he settled in Washington City, and was soon afterwards appointed, by President Buchanan, Commissioner of Patents; in 1859 he went into the Cabinet as Postmaster- General; in 1860 he was placed ad interim at the head of the War Department and subsequently confirmed as Secretary; in 1861 he was a Commissioner for adjusting the war claims of Missouri; early in 1862 he was a Commissioner on Ordnance; in the lat ter part of the year he was appointed by President Lincoln, Judge Advocate General ; and in 1861 he was placed at the head of the Bureau of Military Justice. In Novem ber, 18G4, President Lincoln invited him into the Cabinet as Attorney-General, which he declined. KENDALL, AMOS. He was born in Dunstable, Massachusetts, August 16, 1789 ; com menced his education while a farmer's boy at the Academies of New Ipswich and Groton ; taught school at North Reading, and with the money thus obtained entered Dartmouth College and graduated with honor. In 1811 he commenced the study of law; in 1814 he visited Washington City, and thence went to Lexington, Kentucky, where he was a tutor for one year in the family of Henry Clay ; in 1816 he was appoint ed Postmaster of Georgetown, Kentucky, and while practising his profession, edited a newspaper called the "Argus,"and for many years he was a constant writer for the polit ical press ; became a Director in the Bank of the Commonwealth ; in 1829 he was ap pointed, by President Jackson, Fourth Auditor of the Treasury; and iu May, 1835, he was promoted to the position of Postmaster-General, in which position he continued under President Van Bureu, until May, 1840. He subsequently took up his permanent residence in Washington City. Soon after the claims of Professor Morse, in regard to the telegraph, had been recognized by Congress, he became identified with the practi cal workings of that invention. He was also the founder of the Deaf and Dumb Institution in Washington ; and, at the cost of one hundred thousand dollars, he built, as a memorial to his wife, the Baptist Calvary Church of Washington. In 1866 he went to Europe on a tour of pleasure, extending his travels even to the Holy Land; and is said to be engaged in writing a " History of his Life and Times." He is also the author of a Life of Andrew Jackson. KING HORATIO. He was born in Paris, Oxford County, Maine, June 21, 1811, his grandfather and three uncles having fought in the Revolution ; received a good common- school education; when quite young he became identified as printer and publisher with a newspaper called " The Jeffersoniau " which was finally merged in "The Eastern Ar gus ; " in 1839 he settled in Washington City as a clerk in the Post Office Department, where he continued, and received various promotions ; in 1850, he became connected with the foreign mail service, in which capacity he originated and perfected certain postal arrangements of great importance ; in 1854 he was appointed First Assistant Postmaster-General, and in January, 1861, while acting as Postmaster-General, he was questioned by a member of Congress, from South Carolina, in regard to the franking privilege, when, by his reply, he was the first officially to deny the power of a State to take itself out of the Union. From President Buchanan he received the appointment of Postmaster-General, serving from the 12th of February until the 4th of March, 1861 ; and during the existence of the Rebellion he was appointed one of a Board of Com missioners to carry out the Emancipation Law for the District of Columbia; and he also served gratuitously as Treasurer of the Maine Soldiers' Relief Association. 446 STATISTICAL RECORDS. Kxox, HENRY. Born iu Boston, July 25, 1750, and received his education at the schools in that town. Before the Revolution he was made a Captain of an Indepen dent Company of Militia, in Boston, and, having had some experience, at the commence ment of hostilities, he was placed at the head of the Artillery. In 1776 the corps was increased to three regiments, and he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. He was actively engaged during the whole contest, and after the capture of Cornwallis, in 1781, he received the commission of Major-General. In March, 1785, he was ap pointed Secretary of War, and, after the adoption of the Constitution, Washington ap pointed him to the same office. In 1794 he resigned the office, and retired to private life, at which time Washington assured him of his friendship, and declared him to have "deserved well of his country." He settled at Thomaston, Maine, where he died October 25, 1806. LEE, CHARLES. Was a native of Virginia, an eminent lawyer, a member of the State Legislature, and was appointed by Washington to succeed William Bradford, as Attorney-General of the United States in 1795, serving until 1801. He was subsequent ly appointed, by Jeffer-ion, Chief Justice ot the Circuit Court of the United States for the Fourth Circuit, but declined accepting the office. He died in Farquhar County, Virginia, June, 1815. McCuxLOCH, HUGH. He was born in Kennebunk, Maine ; in 1824 he entered Bow- doin College, but left in his sophomore year, on account of his health ; studied law, and on being admitted to practice, removed to Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1833; in 1835 he was chosen Cashier of the Branch of the State Bank of Indiana, and as such, and also as a Director, he was connected with it until 1857; in that year he was elected President of the State Bank, in which position he continued until 1863 ; by President Lincoln he was soon afterwards appointed Comptroller of the Currency, which bureau he organized and put into successful operation ; and in March, 18G5, he entered the Cabinet as Secretary of the Treasury. MEREDITH, WILLIAM M. Having tiled, but in vain, to obtain a proper notice of this gentleman, the present blank is a necessity. PAULDING, JAMES K. Born in Duchess County, New York, August 22, 1778 ; spent his boyhood on his father's farm ; and in 1797 he obtained a clerkship iu New York City, where he commenced, and long continued his labors, as a man of letters. His first book was " Salmagundi," published in 1807 ; in 1812 he issued the " History of John Bull and Brother Jonathan," and in 1813 the "Lay of the Scotch Fiddle; " in 1815 he was made Secretary of a Board of Navy Commissioners ; in 1817 he published "Letters from the South; " iu 1818 the "Backwoodsman; " in 1822 " A Sketch of Old England;" in 1824 he was appointed Navy Agent at New York; in 1825 appeared his " John Bull in America; " in 1831 the " Dutchman's Fireside; " and in 1832 " Westward Ho." In 1838 he was appointed, by President Van Buren, Secretary of the Navy, from which office he retired in 1841, and spent the remainder of his life in retirement iu the county where he was born. Died April 5, 1860. RANDALL, ALEXANDER W. He was born in Montgomery County, New York, in Oc tober, 1819; received a good education, and studied law; removed to Wisconsin in 1840; practised his profession for many years at Waukesha; Avas appointed, by Presi dent Taylor, Postmaster of that place; in 1854 he was elected to the State Legislature, in 1856 he was appointed Judge of the Second Judicial District of the State; in 1857 and 1859 he was elected Governor of Wisconsin; early in 1861 he was appointed, by .President Lincoln, Minister Resident to Italy; on his return, at the close of the war, he was appointed Assistant Postmaster-General, and in 1866 he entered President Johnson's Cabinet as Postmaster- General. RUSH, RICHARD. Born in Philadelphia, August 29, 1780, and was the son of Benja min Hush; graduated at Princeton College in 1797; studied law, and came to the bar in 1800; in 1811 he was made Attorney-General of the State, and soon afterwards ap pointed, by President Madison, Comptroller of the Treasury; on the 4th of July, 1812, by request, he delivered an oration in the Capitol ; in 1814 he was appointed Attorney- General of the United States, having declined the Treasury Department; for a few months he performed the duties of Secretary of State, under President Monroe ; in 1817 he was appointed Minister to England, serving until 1825; he was Secretary of the Treasury, under President J. Q. Adams ; was the candidate for Vice-Presideut on the ticket with Adams ; in 1847 he was appointed Minister to France, by President Polk, remaining in office ten years. In 1833 he published " A Residence at the Court of St. James;" a Sequel to it in 1845; in 1857, "Familiar Letters of Washington ;" and in 1860 a volume of " Occasional Productions " was published. He took a leading part in securing the fund of the Smithsonian Institution, antt was a Regent of the same ; STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 447 and published various papers and addresses on literary and political topics. Died in Philadelphia, July 30, 1859. SCHOFIELD, JOHN MCALLISTER. Born in Chautauque County, New York, Septem ber 29, 1831 ; removed to Illinois with his parents, when a boy; graduated at the West Point Academy in 1853 amd made a Second Lieutenant in the Second Artillery ; was lirst stationed in South Carolina and Florida; was an instructor in Natural Philosophy, at West Point, for five years ; in 1860 was granted leave of absence to occupy the chair of Natural Philosophy, in Washington University, at St. Louis; on the commencement of hostilities in I860 he was detailed by the War Department to raise troops and was appointed Major of the First Missouri Volunteers; in 1861 he was appointed a Captain in the Regular Army; was Chief of General Lyon's -Staff as Assistant Adjutant when the heroic General fell at Wilson's Creek, and acquitted himself with great gallantry ; November, 1861, he was made a Brigadier-General of Volunteers ; in June, 1862, the entire State of Missouri was placed under his command; in October following he won the battle of Maysvil'e, near Pea Ridge, in Arkansas ; soon after that he was commis sioned a Major-General of Volunteers, and in 1864 a Brigadier-General in the Regular Army, and in 1865 elevated to the full rank of Major-General. In 1804 he joined Gen eral Sherman with 17,000 men, and took a conspicuous part in nearly all the engagements of the Atlantic campaign, until the surrender of General Joseph Johnston. After the war he made a tour of inspection in the Southern States; also visited Europe; in 1867 he was assigned to the First Military District, comprising Virginia ; and on the resig nation of General Grant as Secretary of War ad interim, and while impeachment was progressing, he was appointed by President Johnson, Secretary of War, and after the acquittal of the President, was duly confirmed May 30, 1868. SPEED, JAMES. Was born in Jefferson County, Kentucky, March 11, 1812; graduated at St. Joseph's College, in that State; was for a time employed in the office of the Clerk of the Circuit and County Courts ; studied law at Transylvania University, and, on being admitted to the bar, settled in the practice at Louisville, in 1853. In 1847 he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1861 he was elected to the State Senate ; and in November, 1864, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Attorney- General of the United States, which office he resigned in July, 1866, and resumed the practice of his profession. He was also a Delegate to the Philadelphia "Loyalists' Convention " of 1866, of which he was President. STANBERY, HEXRY. He was born in the City of New York, February 20, 1803 ; emigrated to Ohio in 1814 ; graduated at Washington College, Pennsylvania, in Sep tember, 1819; studied law, and came to the bar of Ohio in May, 1824, and to the bar of the United States Supreme Court in December, 1832; was elected, by the Assem bly of Ohio, the first Attorney-General of that State in 1846; and in July, 1866, was appointed, by President Johnson, Attorney-General of the United States. His domi cile is on the Kentucky side of the Ohio River, opposite Cincinnati, but his office has hitherto been in that city, and his professional business in Ohio. On the 12th of March. 1868, he resigned the position of Attorney-General, for the purpose of defend ing President Andrew Johnson during his Impeachment trial. STAXTOX, EDWIN M. He was born in Steubenville, Ohio, December 19, 1814; gradu ated at Kenyon College ; studied law, and, having commenced its practice at Cadiz, Ohio, subsequently settled in his native town. In 1842 he was elected, by the Legisla ture, Reporter of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of the State, which office he held for three years. In 1848 he formed a law partnership at Pittsburg, but continued his business before the courts of Ohio. Soon after that, he began to be much em ployed in the Supreme Court of the United States, which compelled him to remove to Washington in 1857; in 1858 he was sent, by the government, to California, to defend its interests in certain important land cases in that State; in December, 1860, he went into President Buchanan's Cabinet as Attorney-General, holding that office until the close of the Administration, when he resumed the practice of his profession ; and in January, 1862, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Secretary of War, and was con tinued in that position by President Johnson until August 12, 1867, when he was sus pended as Secretary by the President but, by order of the Senate, was reinstated in office January 14, 1868. On the 21st of February following President Johnson made a second effort to remove him, but, by direction of the Senate, he continued in office. Resigned in May, 1868. In 1867 he received from Yale College the degree of LL.D. STODDERT, BENJAMIN. He was born in Maryland ; served as a Major, during the Rev olution; and was for many years extensively engaged in mercantile persuits in Georgetown, District of Columbia, where one of the streets of the town still bears his name. In May, 1798, he was appointed, by President Adams, Secretary of the Navy, 448 STATISTICAL RECORDS. and was the first man who served in that capacity; and, although continued in the position by President Jefferson, he was superseded in January, 1802. He subsequently settled in Bhidensburg, Maryland, where he died at an advanced age, universally re spected for his high character. TAYLOR, ZACHAUY. Born in Virginia in 1784, and went with his father to Kentucky in 1785; received a limited education; in 1808 he was appointed, by President Jeffer son, a Lieutenant of Infantry; served in the war of 1812 as a Captain, and was brevetted a Major for gallant services; from 1815 to 1836 he had command of vari ous military posts in the Western country; in 1819 he was made a Lieutenant-Colonel; in 1832 a Colonel ; served with distinction in the Black Hawk war, and also in the war against the Seminoles in Florida; in 1841 he settled his family at Baton llouge, in Louisiana; was made a General, and had command of the American army during the Mexican war, and after gaining a number of battles, won the great and decisive Battle of Buena Vista. In 1848 he was, by the Whig party, elected President of the United States ; was inaugurated March, 1849, and died in Washington, July 9, 1850. UPSHUR, ABEL PARKER. He was born in Northampton County, Virginia, June 17, 1790; studied law, and settled in llichmond, where he practised his profession from 1810 to 1824; in 1826 he was chosen Judge of the General Court of the State; was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1829; was again chosen Judge, serving many years ; in 1841 he went into the Cabinet of President Tyler, as Secretary of the Navy ; in 1843 he was transferred to the head of the State Department ; and on the 28th of February, 1844, he was killed by the explosion of a gun, on board the war- steamer Princeton. He was an occasional writer for the press. USHER, JOHN P. He was born in New York, but early in life removed to Indiana, where he studied law, and practised the profession. He was elected to the State Leg islature, and for a short time was Attorney-General of the State. By President Lin coln he was appointed, in 1862, the first Assistant Secretary of the Interior Depart ment, and, on the resignation of C. B. Smith as Secretary, he was appointed to succeed him in the Cabinet, which position he resigned in the spring of 1865. He subsequently resumed the practice of his profession, and became Consulting Attorney for the Eastern Division of the Union Pacific Railroad Company. WELLES, GIDEON. He was born in Glastenbury, Connecticut, July 1, 1802; educated chiefly at the Norwich University of Vermont, and studied law. in 1826 he became the editor of the " Hartford Times; " from 1827 to 1835 he was a member of the Con necticut Legislature ; was subsequently appointed Comptroller of Public Accounts ; from 1836 to 1841 he was Postmaster of Hartford, having been appointed by President Jackson ; in 1842 he was made Comptroller of the State ; in 1846 he took charge of a bureau in the Navy Department, where he remained until 1849 ; was a Delegate to the " Chicago Convention" of 1860, and in 1861 he went into President Lincoln's Cabi net as Secretary of the Navy. For thirty years before becoming Secretary, he was an occasional contributor to the "Hartford Press," the New York "Evening Post," and the Washington " Globe " and " Union." WIRT, WILLIAM. Born in Bladensburg, Maryland, November 8, 1772, of Swiss and German parents : obtained his early education at private schools ; officiated for a time as a private tutor; studied law, and came to the bar in 1794, practising at Culpepper, Virginia; in 1799 he was chosen Clerk of the House of Delegates; in 1802 appointed Chancellor of the Eastern District of Virginia; in 1803 he settled in Norfolk, and wrote the " British Spy ;" in 1806 he settled in Richmond; in 1812 he wrote "The Old Bachelor," and in 1817 the "Life of Patrick Henry; " in 1816 he was appointed by President Madison, Attorney of the United States for the District of Virginia; in 1817 he was appointed Attorney-General of the United States, holding the office until 1830, after which he settled in Baltimore, where he died, February 18, 1834. In 1824 the degree of LL.D. was conferred upon him by Harvard College. He occupied a high rank as a public man and a citizen. [It has not been the intention of the author to give the names or biographies of those who have held Cabinet positions ad interim, because the duration of such ap pointments has generally been limited to a short period; but it has been deemed ad visable, on account of their special significance, to make a note of the following temporary Secretaries of War, whose names appear in the foregoing list of adminis trations. The records are submitted in chronological order.] SCOTT, WINFIELD. Born near Petersburg, Virginia, June 13, 1786; attended the High School at Richmond, and William and Mary College ; went through a course of law studies, and was admitted to the bar in 1806. His first military service was reii- STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 449 dered in 1807, when he joined a Militia company of horse, to repel the anticipated inva sion of the British; in is09, after having made an effort to settle in South Carolina as a lawyer, he was commissioned a Captain, and joined the army at New Orleans; returned home in 1810, but rejoined the army of Louisiana in 1811 ; in 1812 ho was raised to the rank of Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, and ordered to Buffalo; in the affair of Queens- town he was taken prisoner by the British, but exchanged early in 1813; before the close of that year he had captured Fort George, and been commissioned a Colonel; in 1814 he was made Adjutant-General, and, during the summer of that year, he won the important battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, in the last of which he was wounded, and for these important services he was brevetted Major-General, received with the thanks of the nation a gold medal from Congress, and was tendered the appointment of Secretary of War, which he declined. Early in 1832 he took part in the campaign against Black Hawk; but before the close of that year he was ordered to Charleston, where, as a peacemaker, he did much to quell the excitement growing out of Nullifi cation. In 1837 he was assigned to duty against the Seminoles in Florida, and also against the Creek Indians; his presence on the Canadian frontier in 1838 and 1839 did much to quiet the troubles of that exciting period ; and, in 1841, on the death of Gen eral Macomb, he became Commander-in-chief of the army. He took a prominent part in the war with Mexico; his first service there was to invest Vera Cruz, which surren dered to his arms; he then defeated Santa Anna at Cerro Gordo; entered Jalapa; occupied the castle and town of Perote, and the city of Puebla; defeated the enemy at Contreras and Churubusco ; and carried by assault the great fortification of Chapulte- pcc, the key to the City of Mexico. He entered the City of Mexico as victor, and, the object. of the war having been accomplished, peace was concluded in February, 1848 ; and though an attempt was made by a rival General to injure his fame, he returned to Washington, and resumed his position at the head of the army. His service as Secre tary of War ad interim, was rendered in 1850, under President Fillmore. In 1852 he became the Whig candidate) for the office of President, but was defeated; and in 1859 he was honored with the brevet title of Lieutenant-General, the rank having been established by Congress for his exclusive benefit, and so framed that it should not survive him. On the breaking out of the Rebellion he again rendered important ser vices by securing to the government the possession of Washington City, and the safe inauguration of President Lincoln. On the last day of October, 1861, because of his declining health, he asked to be retired from active service, and on the 1st of Novem ber, the President, attended by all his Cabinet, waited upon him at his residence, and read to him the order which placed him on the retired list, " without reduction in his current pay, subsistence, or allowance," and on the same clay Major-General George B. McClellan was appointed his successor in command of the army. He subsequently made a brief visit to Europe, and settled at West Point. He published " Infantry Tac tics ;" " Regulations of the Army ;" and an " Autobiography ;" and several biographies of him were issued during his life, by E. D. Mansfield and others. Died at West Point, May 29, 1866. GRANT, ULYSSES S. He was born in Point Pleasant, Clermont County, Ohio, April 27, 1822. Although originally named Hiram Ulysses, the congressman who nominated him for the West Point Academy gave his name, by mistake, as Ulysses S. and by that name has he ever been recognized. He graduated at the Military Academy in 1843, and, as Second Lieutenant, was assigned to the Fourth Infantry. He continued in the army, from that time, for eleven years, and participated in most of the battles of the Mexican war, excepting Buena Vista, serving under Generals Scott and Taylor, and receiving two brevets, for gallantry at Moliuo delRey and Chapultepec. While serv ing in Oregon, in 1852, he was promoted to the rank of Captain. In 1854 he resigned his commission, and settled near St. Louis on a farm ; in 1859 he was a real-estate agent in St. Louis; and early in 1860 he removed to Galena, Illinois, where he joined his father and a brother in the manufacture of leather. When the Rebellion com menced he raised and took command of a company of Volunteers, and before the close of 1861 he had command, as Colonel, of the 21st Illinois Regiment, and was made a Brigadier-General of Volunteers; in 1862 he was promoted to the rank of Major-Gen eral of Volunteers, from which time his military history is to be traced in his achieve ments at Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Juka, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, in the West and South, and at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg, in Virginia, culminating in the surrender of General Robert E. Lee, on the 9th of April, 1865. It was on the 4th of July, 1863, that he was appointed, by President Lincoln, Major-General in the regular army, and he was appointed Lieuteuant-General March 2, 1864, receiving this commission directly from the hands of the President. After the close of the Rebellion he took command of the armies of the United States, with his head-quarters at Washington. In December, 1863, Congress passed a joint resolution, thanking him and the soldiers who fought under him for their gallant services, and awarding him a gold medal. On the 12th of December, 1867, he was appointed, by President Johnson, Secretary of War ad interim, in the place of E. M. Stantou.,. sus- 29 STATISTICAL BECOKDS. pended, which position he held until the November following, when the Senate refused to sanction the suspension of Mr. Stanton; and by the " Republican National Con- veiition" of 18G8, held in Chicago, he was nominated by acclamation for the office of President of the United States. THOMAS, LORENZO. He was born in Newcastle, Delaware, October 26, 1804; grad uated at the West Point Academy, in 1823, as Second Lieutenant of the Fourth Infantry and served as such in Florida among the Creek Indians, and in Washington ; was com missioned a Captain in 1836 ; in 1838 was appointed Assistant Adjutant-General with the brevet rank of Major; was Chief of Staff in the Florida war in 183J}; was brevettecl Lieutenant-Colonel in 1846, for "gallant and meritorious conduct " at Monterey, in Mexico; in 1848 he was made Assistant Adjutant-General, with the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel, and assigned to duty in Washington; and from 1848 to 1861 he was Chief of {Staff under General Scott, commanding the army at New York City. In 1861 he was appointed Adjutant-General of the army, with the brevet of Colonel, and was, in the same year, brevetted a Brigadier-General; in 1863 he was assigned to the special duty of organizing colored troops in the South-west, and subsequently performed a number of inspection tours connected with the Provost-Marshals, and with the national ceme teries of the United States. On the 22d of February, 1868, he received, from President Johnson, the appointment of Secretary of War, ad interim, but Secretary Stanton refused to vacate the office, and the conflict of authority thus occurring continued until May 26, when Mr. Stanton retired from the War Department. It was the appointment of General Thomas as Secretary of War, ad interim, by President Johnson, upon which the articles of Impeachment, presented by the House of Representatives, were grounded, and of the leading charges in which, after due trial, the President was acquitted. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE CIVIL SERVICE. [OFFICIALLY PREPARED FOR THIS VOLUME.] While the Constitution specifies no man as an executive officer excepting the Presi dent, his Cabinet Ministers have always shared the title with him; but the real execu tive officers of the General Government are the men who have charge of the bureaus of the several departments. They are the men, moreover, with whom the people come more directly in contact while attending to business in Washington, and the following is an authentic list of such officers who have held appointments since the foundation of the government. And here the compiler desires to make the statement that where the dates are omitted it is because the records of the offices are incomplete; and also that it has been impossible for him to separate the dates of appointment from those of con firmation by the Senate. DEPARTMENT OF STATE. Assistant Secretaries. A. Dudley Mann, March 23, 1853. William Hunter, May 8, 1855. John Addison Thomas, November 1, 1855. John Appleton, April 4, 1857. Fred erick W. Seward (present incumbent), March 6, 1861. William Hunter (Second As sistant and present incumbent), July 27, 1866. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. Assistant Secretaries. Tench Coxe (office abolished June 30, 1792), September 11, 1789. Charles B. Penrose, March 12, 1849. Allen A. Hall, October 10, 1849. William L. Hodge, November 16, 1850. Peter G. Washington, March 4, 1853. Philip Clayton, March "l3, 1857. George Harrington, March 13, 1861. Manuel B. Field, March 18, 1864. William E. Chandler, June 5, 1865. John F. Hartley, July 11, 1865. Edmund Cooper, November , 1867. Comptrollers. Nicholas Eveleigh, September 11, 1789. Oliver Wolcott, Jr., June 17, 1791. Jonathan Jackson, February 25, 1795. John Davis, June 26, 1795. John Steele, July 1, 1796. Gabriel Duval, December 15, 1802. Richard Rush, November 22, 1811. Ezekiel Bacon, February 11, 1814. Joseph Anderson, February 28, 1815. George Wolf, June 18, 1836. James N. Barker, February 23, 1838. Walter Forward, April 6, 1841. James W. McCulloh, April 1, 1842. Elisha Whittlesey, May 31, 1849. William Medill, May 1, 1857. Elisha Whittlesey (reappointed), April 10, 1861. Rob ert W. Taylor (present incumbent), January 14, 1863. Second Comptrollers. Richard Cutts, March 22, 1817. Isaac Hill, March 21, 1829. James B. Thornton, July 14, 1830. Albion K. Parris, August 20, 1836. Hiland Hall, November 29, 1850. E. J. Phelps, October 1, 1851. John M. Brodhcad, February 14, 1853. James Madison Cutts, October 9, 1857. John M. Brodhead (reappointed and present incumbent), June 30, 1863. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 451 Commissioners of Customs. Charles W. Rockwell, March 16, 1849. Hugh J. Ander son, March 23, 1853. Samuel Ingham, February 3, 1858. Nathan Sargent (present incumbent), May 14, 1861. First Auditors. Oliver Wolcott, Jr., September 11, 1789. William Smith, Jr., July 16, 1791. Richard Harrison, November 29, 1791. Jesse Miller, December 27, 1836. Tully R. Wise, June 17, 1842. William Collins, July 24, 1844. William Collins, De cember 31, 1844. John C. Clarke, August 2, 1849. Thomas L. Smith, October 31, 1849. Thomas L. Smith (present incumbent), July 23, 1850. /Second Auditors. William Lee, March 6, 1817. William B. Lewis, March 19, 1830. John McCalla, March 29, 1845. Philip Clayton, April 9, 1849. Thomas J. D. Fuller, February 3, 1858. Ezra B. French (present incumbent), August 3, 18G1. Third Aiiditors.Feter Hagner, March 6, 1817. John S. Gallaher, October 22, 1849. John S. Gallaher, August 31,1850. Francis Burt, April 6, 1853. Robert J. Atkinson, August 28, 1854. Robert J. Atkinson, February 19, 1855. Elijah Sells, July 18, 1864. John Wilson (present incumbent), October 28, 1864. Fourth Auditors. William Winder (called accountant of the navy), July 16, 1798. Thomas Turner (called accountant of the navy), January, 1800. Constant Freeman (called accountant of the navy), February, 1816. Constant Freeman (Auditor), March 6, 1817. William P. Van Ness, May 26, 1824. William Lee, February to June, 1824. Tobias Watkius, January 3, 1825. Amos Kendall, May 10, 1830. John C. Pickett, Jan uary 5, 1836. Aaron O. Dayton, June 9, 1838. A. J. O'Bannon, March 1, 1859. Tal- iaferro Hunter, August 15, 1860. Hobart Berrian, May 4, 1861. Stephen J. W. Tabor (present incumbent), January 18, 1864. Fifth Auditors. Stephen Pleasanton, March 6, 1817. Josiah Minot, March 3, 1855. Murray McConnell, August 1, 1855. Bartholomew Fuller, March 1, 1859. John C. Underwood, July 31, 1861. Charles M. Walker (present incumbent), August 31, 1863. Sixth Auditors. Charles K. Gardner, July 2, 1836. Elisha Whittlesey, March 19, 1841. Mathew St. Clair Clark, December 19, 1843. Peter G. Washington, March 26, 1845. John W. Farrelly, November 5, 1849. William F. Phillips, April 7, 1853. Thomas M. Tate, October 1, 1857. Green Adams, April 17, 1861. Elijah Sells, October 26, 1864. Isaac N. Arnold, April 29, 1865. Hugh J.Anderson (present incumbent), September 26, 1866. Treasurers. Samuel Meredith, September 11, 1789. Thomas Tudor Tucker, Jan- nary 1, 1801. Michael Nourse (ad. interim'), May 3, 1828. William Clark, July 1, 1828. John Campbell, July 1, 1829. William Selden, July 22, 1839. William B. Ran dolph (ad interim'), November 24, 1850. John Sloan, December 1, 1850. Samuel Casey, April 7, 1853. William B. Randolph (ad interim'), December 23, 1859. William C. Price, April 4, 1860. Francis E. Spinner (present incumbent), March 22, 1861. Registers. Joseph Nourse, September 11, 1789. Thomas L. Smith, June 1, 1829. Ransom H. Gillett, April 1, 1845. Daniel Graham, June 4, 1847. Michael Nourse (acting), March 6, 1849. Allen A. Hall, April 9, 1849. Michael Nourse (acting), Jan uary 18, 1850. Townsend Haines, February 13, 1850. Nathan Sargent, November 1, 1851. Finley Bigger, April 20, 1853. L. E. Chittenden, April 17, 1861. Stoddarcl B. Colby (died in 1867), August 12, 1864. Noah L. Jeflfries (present incumbent), Sep tember 3, 1867. Comptrollers of the Currency. Hugh McCulloch, May 9, 1863. Freeman Clarke, March 9, 1865. Samuel T. Howard (deputy), June, 1865. Hiland R. Hulburd (deputy), July 24, 1865. Hiland R. Hulburd (present incumbent), February 6, 1867. Solicitors. Virgil Maxey, May 20, 1830. Henry D. Gilpin, September 25, 1837. Matthew Birchard, January 19, 1840. Charles B. Penrose, September 19, 1841. Seth Barton, March 25, 1845. Ransom H. Gillett, May 27, 1847. John C. Clark, July 23, 1850. George F. Comstock, November 15, 1852. F. B. Streeter, January 23, 1854. Junius Hillyer, December 1, 1857. Edward Jordan (present incumbent), March 28, 1861. Commissioners of Internal Revenue. George S. Boutwell, July 17, 1862. Joseph J. Lewis, March 4, 1863. William Orton, July 1, 1865. Edward Ashton Rollins, Novem ber 1, 1865. Resigned June 8, 1868. Director of Bureau of Statistics. Alexander Delmar (present incumbent), 1866. Superintendents of the Coast Survey. Alexander D. Bache (died February 17, 1867, December 12, 1843. J. E. Hilgard (assistant in charge during the illness of Pro fessor Bache), April 11, 1802. Benjamin Peirce (present incumbent), September 27, 1867. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR. Assistant Secretaries. John P. Usher, March 20, 1862. William T. Otto (present incumbent), January 28, 1863. Commissioners of the Land Office. Prior to April, 1812, grants of land were issued by letters patent from the Department of State, and in that year the act was passed es tablishing the General Land Office. From that time it was a branch of the Treasury 452 STATISTICAL KECOBDS. Department, but when the Department of the Interior was organized the Land Office became one of its bureaus, and has so continued to the present time. As the compiler was unable to obtain an official list of commissioners, it is not certain that the fol lowing names and dates are entirely correct, but he did the best he could under the cir cumstances. In the Land Office itself there is no official record of those who have served as commissioners. Edward Tiffin, May 7, 1812. Josiah Meigs, October 11, 1814. John McLean, Decem ber 24, 1822. George Graham, December 15, 1823. Elijah Hay ward, December 16, 1830. Ethan A. Brown, January 5, 183G. James Whitcomb, December 27, 1836. Elisha M. Huntiugton, July 3, 1841. Thomas II. Blake, May 19, 1842. James Shields, April 16, 1845. llichard M. Young, January 6, 1847. Justin Butterfleld, January 24, 1850. John Wilson, February 16, 1852. Thomas A. Hendricks, January 8. 1856. Joseph S. Wilson, February 23, 1860. James M. Edmunds, March 19, 1861. Joseph S. Wilson, (present incumbent), September 1, 1866. Commissioners of the Patent Office (reorganized by law July 4, 1836). Prior to which the heads of the office were styled Superintendents, and the men holding that office were as follows: William Thornton, 1802; Thomas P. Jones, April 12, 1828; John D. Craig, January 1, 1830; and James C. Pickett, January 1, 1836. Henry L. Ellsworth, July 4, 1836. Edmund Burke, May 5, 1845. Thomas Ewbank, September 3, 1850. S. H. Hodges, November, 1852. llichard C. Weightman, Acting Commis sioner from March 25 to May 15, 1853. Charles Mason, March 24, 1853. Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commissioner from March 5, 1857, to September 9, 1857. Joseph Holt, September 10, 1857. Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commissioner from March 15 to May 22, 1859. William D. Bishop, May 23, 1859. Philip'F. Thomas, February 16, 1860. Samuel T. Shugert, Acting Commissioner from December 14, 1860 to March 27, 1861. David P. Holloway, March 28, 1861. Thomas C. Theaker, August 17, 1865. Re signed. Commissioners of the Pension Office. James L. Edwards, March 9, 1837. James E. Heath, November 27, 1850. Loreu P. Waldo, March 17, 1853. Josiah Minot, January 10, 1856. George C. Whiting, January 19, 1857. Joseph H. Barrett, May 1, 1861. Resigned. Commissioners of Indian A/airs Organized July 9, 1832. Elbert Herring, July, 1832. Carey A. Harris, July 5, 1836. Thomas Hartley Crawford, October 22, 1838. William Medfll, October 30, 1845. Orlando Brown, July 2, 1849. Luke Lea, July 2, 1850. George W. Manypenny, March 30, 1853. James W. Denver, April 17, 1857. Charles E. Mix, June 17,1858. James W. Denver, Novembers, 1858. Alfred B. Greenwood, May 13, 1859. William P. Dole, March 14, 1861. Dennis N. Cooley, July 11, 1865. Lewis V. Bogy, November 1, 1866. Nathaniel G. Taylor (present incumbent), March 27, 1867. It should be stated here that Mr. Mix has been chief clerk of the office for many years, and that his services as Acting Commissioner, at different times, would comprehend nearly four years. Commissioner of the Public Buildings. [From 1791 to 1802 the public buildings were tinder the charge of a Board of Commissioners, and the following were members of said board, namely : Thomas Johnson, Daniel Carroll, David Stewart, Gustavus Scott, William Thornton Alexander White, William Cranch, and Tristam Dalton.] Thomas Munroe, Superintendent, June 2, 1802. Samuel Lane, date of appointment not known. Joseph Elgar, Commissioner, April 9, 1816. William Noland, February 10, 1834. Andrew Beaumont, November 5, 1846. Charles Douglass, March 3, 1847. Ignatius Mudd, July 23, 1850. William Easby, March 12, 1851. Benjamin B. French, June 30, 1853. John B. Blake, July 1, 1851. William S. Wood, July 12, 1861. Benja min B. French, September 7, 1861. [In February, 1867, the office of Commissioner was abolished, and provision made for detailing the Chief of the Engineer Corps to perform the duties previously devolv ing upon the Commissioner.] DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. [Prior to the establishment of this office on an independent footing, its affairs were under the general supervision of the Commissioner of the Patent Office, or the Secre tary of the Interior Department, and its immediate head was called a Superintendent.] Commissioner. Isaac Newton, July 1, 1862. Died. John W. Stokes, June 20, 1867 (Acting Commissioner). Horace L. Capron (present incumbent), November 29, 1867. BUREAU OF EDUCATION. Commissioner. Henry Barnard (present incumbent), March, 1867. WAR DEPARTMENT. Assistant Secretaries. Thomas A. Scott, March, 1861. P. H. Watson, January 22, STATISTICAL RECORDS. 1862. John Tucker, January 27, 1862. C. P. Wolcott, September 1, 1862. Charles A. Daua, March 1, 1864. NAVY DEPARTMENT. Assistant Secretaries. Gustavus V. Fox, July 31, 1861. (He was also additional Secretary six mouths (from November 26, 1866). William Faxon (present incumbent). June 1, 18G6. OFFICE OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Assistant Attorneys-General Alfred B. McCalmont, March, 1859. Titian J. Coffey, March, 1861. J. Hubley Ashton, May, 1864. John M. Biuckley (present incumbent), 1867. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. Assistant Postmasters-General. Seth Pease, in office 1816. Abraham Bradley, Jr., in office 1817. Phineas Bradley, in office 1818. First Assistants. Charles K. Gardner, appointed in 1829. Selah R. Hobbie, 1836. S. D. Jacobs, 1851. Selah R. Hobbie, 1853. Horatio King, 1854. St. John B. L. Skinner (acting), 1861. John A: Kasson, 1861. Alexander W. Randall, 1862. St. John B. L. Skinner (present imcumbent), 1866. Second Assistants. Selah R. Hobbie, 1829. Robert Johnson, 1836. Philo C. Fuller, 1841. John C. Bryan, 1842 or 1843. J. W. Tyson, 1843. N. M. Miller, 1844. William Medill, 1845. William J. Brown, 1845. Fitz Henry Warren, 1851. William H. Dundas, 1852. George W. McLellan (present incumbent), 1861. Third Assistants. Daniel Coleman, 1836. John S. Skinner, 1841. N. M. Miller, 1845. [For a time this office was dispensed with, and when revived the following were appointed :] John Marron (no date given). Alexander N. Zevely, 1859, (present incumbent). SUPERINTENDENTS OF PUBLIC PRINTING. Prior to 1819 the printing of Congress and the departments was given to the lowest bidders, and executed by contract; in that year a law was passed making it the duty of the Senate and House of Representatives to elect printers to do their work sepa rately, and on several occasions the two houses selected the same man, or firm, who were continued from one Congress to another. The persons elected under this order of things until the national printing-office was established were as follows : Gales & Seaton, S., 1820; H., 1821; S., 1835; H., 1841; S., 1843. Duff Green, S., 1831. Blair & Rives, H., 1835; H., 1837; H., 1840; H., 1843. Thomas Allen, H., 1837; S., 1841. Ritchie & Heiss, H. and S., 1845. Robert Armstrong, S., 1852. Beverly Tucker, S., 1853. A. O. P. Nicholson, II., 1844; S., 1856. Cornelius Wendell, H., 1856. William A. Harris, S., 1857. J. H. Steadman, H. 1857. George W. Bowman, S., 1860. Thomas H. Ford, H., 1860. The persons who have held the office of Superintendents of Public Printing by appointment of the President since the organization of the National Printing Bureau are as follows: John D. Defrees, March 5, 1861. Corne lius Wendell, September 1, 1866. In February, 1867, a law was passed abolishing the title of Superintendent, and restoring that of Congressional Printer, and making the office elective by the Senate, and, on the 26th of February, 1867, John D. Defrees was elected to that office, to serve during the pleasure of the Senate. OFFICERS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. Secretary. Professor Joseph Henry (present incumbent), December 3, 1846. Assistant Secretary. Professor Spencer F. Baird (present incumbent), July 5, 1850. Regents. Roger B. Taney, John T. Towers, James A. Pearce, James M. Mason, Stephen A. Douglas, William H. English, David Stuart, James Meacham, Gideon Hawley, J. McPherson Berrien, Richard Rush, Alexander D. Bache, Joseph G. Totten, John C. Breckinridge, Hiram Warner, Benjamin Stanton, George E. Badger, Cornelius C. Felton, W. B. Magruder, James G. Berret, Lucius J. Gartrell, Hannibal Hamlin, Richard Wallach, William Pitt Fessenden, Lyman Trumbull, Schuyler Colfax, Edward McPherson, Samuel S. Cox, William B. Astor, William L. Dayton, T. D. Woolsey, Garrett Davis, Louis Agassiz, James W. Patterson, Henry Winter Davis, Salmon P. Chase, Richard Delafleld, Luke P. Poland, James A. Garfleld, James F. Farusworth, Benjamin F. Wade, J. V. L. Pryn. Peter Parker, and John Maclean. Chancellors. Roger B. Taney, Salmon P. Chase. 454 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. Honorary Members. Robert Hare, Washington Irving, Benjamin Silliman, Parker Cleaveland, A. B. Lougstreet, Jacob Thompson, Caleb B. Smith, John P. Usher. In addition to the above, it may be stated that the Presidents of the United States and the Vice-Presidents, the members of the Cabinet, the Commissioners of the Patent-Office, and the Mayors of the City of Washington, are members e.c offlcio cf the Institution. PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS. [OFFICIALLY PREPARED FOB Tins WORK.] THE election of the President and of the Vice-President, by Colleges of Electors, chosen in each State, was first proposed in the Convention for the formation of the Constitution, by James Wilson, a Delegate from Pennsylvania. It was adopted after a prolonged discussion, and was regulated by an Act of Congress, of March 1, 1792. The Electors must be chosen within thirty-four days preceding the first Wednesday of December of the year in which an election of President and Vice-President takes place. They must be equal in number to all the Senators and Representatives in Congress, but no Senator or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States can be appointed an Elector. The Electors were at first chosen in fonr different modes, viz. : by joint ballot of the State Legislature, by a concurrent vote of the two branches of the State Legislature, by the people of the State, voting by general ticket, and by the people, voting in districts. This latter mode was evidently that which gave the fairest expression to public opinion, by approaching nearest to a direct vote. But those States which adopted it were placed at the disadvantage of being exposed to a division of their strength, and neutralization of their vote ; while the Electors chosen by either of the other methods voted in a body on one side or the other, thus making the voice of the State decisively felt. This consideration induced the leading States of Massachu setts and Virginia, which originally adopted the district system, to abandon it in 1800. An Act of Congress was approved January 23, 1845, to establish a uniform time for holding elections for Electors in all the States of the Union, whereby they are appointed in each State on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in the month of November of the year in which they are to be appointed. Each State may also by law provide for the filling of any vacancy or vacancies which may occur in its College of Electors, when such College meets to give its electoral vote; and when any State shall have held an election for the purpose of choosing Electors, and shall fail to make a choice on the day aforesaid, then the electors may be appointed on a subsequent day, in such manner as the State shall by law provide. The Electors meet at the capitals of their respective States, on the first Wednesday of December, and vote by distinct ballots for President and Vice-President, one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. They make lists of the number of votes given, and of the persons voted for, which they transmit sealed, by a special messenger, to the President of the Senate at Washington. The Senate and House of Representatives, having met in convention on a day fixed, the President of the Senate opens all the certificates, and the votes are counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President is duly elected, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed. If no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the highest number, not exceeding three, in the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, and by ballot, the President. If the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice devolves upon them, before the 4th of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. Should the offices of President and Vice-President both become vacant, it then becomes the duty of the Secretary of State to communicate information thereof to the Executive of each State, and to cause the same to be published in at least one news paper in every State, giving two months' previous notice that Electors of President shall be chosen or appointed in the several States, within thirty-four days next pre ceding the first Wednesday in December ensuing, when the choice of President must proceed as usual. FIRST PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. GEORGE WASHINGTON was unanimously elected President, receiving 69 votes. JOHN ADAMS was elected Vice-President, receiving 34 votes ; while John Jay had 9 STATISTICAL BECOEDS. 455 votes, Robert H. Harrison 6, John Rutledge 6, John Hancock, 4, George Clinton 3, Samuel Huntington 2, James Armstrong 1, Edward Telfair 1, and Benjamin Lincoln 1 The Electors were : NEW HAMPSHIRE. Benjamin Bellows, Ebenezer Thompson. 1. John Pickering, Caleb Davis, 1. Samuel Phillips, Jr., 2. Walter Spooner, 3. Francis Dana, 2. John Parker, MASSACHUSETTS. 4. Moses Gill, 6. Samuel Henshaw, 6. William Cashing, 3. John Sullivan. David Sewall. 7. William Sever, 8. William Shepard. CONNECTICUT. Samuel Huntington, Erastus Wolcott. 1. Oliver Wolcott, 3. Richard Law, 5. Matthew Griswold. 2. Thacldeus Burr, David Brearley, 1. James Kinsey, 2. John Rutherford, Edward Hand, 1. George Gibson, 2. James O'Harra, 3. John Arndt, Gunning Bedford, 1. John Baning. John Rogers, 1. George Plater, 2. Robert Smith, Patrick Henry, 1. John Pride, 2. Edward Stevens, 3. Zachariah Johnston, 4. Jedediah Huntington, NEW JERSEY. 3. John Neilson, PENNSYLVANIA. 4. David Grier, 6. Collinson Read, 6. Samuel Potts, DELAWARE. David Moore. 4. Matthias Ogden. James Wilson. 7. Lawrence Keene, 8. Alexander Graydon. George Mitchell. MARYLAND. Philip Thomas. 3. William Tilghman, 5. Alexander C. Hanson, 4. William Richardson, 6. William Matthews. VIRGINIA. 4. Anthony Walke, 6. James Wood, 6. David Stuart, SOUTH CAROLINA. W. Tikhugh. 7. John Harvie, 8. John Roane. Christopher Gadsden. Edward Rutledge. 1. Henry Laurens, 3. Charles C. Pinckney, 6. John F. Grimke. 2. Arthur Simkins, 4. Thomas Heyward, Jr., George Handley, 1. George Walton, GEORGIA. 2. H. Osborne, John Wilson. 3. John King. SECOND PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1793. GEORGE WASHINGTON was again unanimously elected President, receiving 132 votes. JOHN ADAMS was elected Vice-President, receiving 77 votes; while George Clinton had 50 votes, Thomas Jefferson 4, and Aaron Burr 1. The Electors were : Josiah Bartlett, 1. John T. Gilman, 2. John Pickering. Azor Orne, 1. Samuel Holten, 2. Ebenezer Mattson, Jr., 3. Thomas Dawes, 4. William Sever, 5. Increase Sumner, NEW HAMPSHIRE. Benjamin Bellows. 3. Jonathan Freeman, 4. Ebenezer Thompson. MASSACHUSETTS . 6. Walter Spooner, 7. Moses Gill, 8. Solomon Freeman, 9. William Shepard, 10. Nathaniel Wells, Francis Dana. 11. Thompson J. Skinner, 12. Daniel Cony, 13. D wight Foster, 14. Peleg Wadsworth. 456 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. Arthur Fenner, 1. George Cliamplin, RHODE ISLAND. 2. William Greene. CONNECTICUT. Samuel Huntington, 1. Oliver Wolcott, 4. Elijah Hubbard, 2. Thomas Grosvenor, 5. Thomas Seymour, 3. David Austin, VERMONT. Samuel Hitchcock, 1. Lot Hall, 2. Paul Brigham. Jesse Woodhull, 1. Edward Savage, 2. Samuel Clark, 3. Johannes Bruyn, 4. Abraham Yates, Jr., NEW YORK. 6. William Floyd, 6. Volkert Veeder, 7. Abraham Ten Eyck, NEW JERSEY. Thomas H. Sanderson, 1. Richard Stockton, 3. Joseph Bloomfield, 2. John W. Vancleve, 4. Samuel Dick, Samuel J. Potter. John Davenport, Jr. 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 7. Martin Wait. Lemuel Chipman. David Van Ness. 8. Stephen Ward, 9. John Bay, 10. Samuel Osgood. Aaron D. Woodruff. 5. Franklin Davenport. William Henry, 1. Joseph Heister, 2. Thomas Bull, 3. Thomas McKean, 4. Cornelius Coxe, 6. Henry Miller, PENNSYLVANIA. 6. Robert Johnston, 7. John Wilkius, Jr., 8. JohnBoyd, 9. David Stewart, Robert Coleman. 10. James Morris, 11. George Latinier, 12. Robert Hare, 13. Hugh Lloyd. DELAWARE. James Sykes, 1. William Hill Wells. MARYLAND. Alexander C. Hanson, 1. John E. Howard, 4. William Smith,* 2. Levin Winder, 6. Richard Potts, 3. Thomas Lee, 6. Samuel Hughes,* Gunning Bedford. John Seney. 7. William Richardson, 8. Donaldson Yates. John Wise, Nathaniel Wilkinson, John Early, William O. Callis, Catesby Jones, Elias Langham, Daniel C. Brent, John Dawson, VIRGINIA. 8. Stephen T. Mason, 9. John Roane, Jr., 10. Moses Hunter, 11. James Murdough, 12. Archibald Stuart, 13. Michael Bailey, NORTH CAROLINA. George Carrington. 14. John Bovvyer, 15. Thomas Claiborne. 16. Maxwell Armstrong, 17. John Pride, 18. Claiborne Watkins, 19. Tarlton Woodson. 5. Benjamin Smith, 6. John M. Binford, 7. Matthew Lock, Stephen Cahames, Alfred Moore, John Mocon, Joel Sane, R. D. Spaight, SOUTH CAROLINA. Charles C. Pinckney, Andrew Pickens, 3. John Barnwell, John Hunter, 4. Edward Rutledge, GEORGIA. Benjamin Taliaferro, 1. John King, 2. Seaborn Jones. John L. Taylor. 8. Peter Dange. 9. James Taylor, 10. William Porter. John Chestnut. 5. Robert Anderson. 6. John Julius Pringle. William Gibbons. R. C. Anderson, 1. Benjamin Logan. KENTUCKY. 2. Notley Conn. Charles Scott. * Not present. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 457 THIRD PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1797. JOHN ADAMS was elected President, receiving the entire vote of New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, and Del aware, with 10 scattering votes from other States, making 71 of the 140 votes cast. THOMAS JEFFERSON was elected Vice-President, having the next highest number of votes, 68 ; while Thomas Piukney had 58, Aaron Burr 30, Samuel Adams 15, Oliver Ellsworth 11, George Clinton 7, John Jay 5, James Iredell 3, Samuel Johnston 2, George Washington 2, John Henry 2, Charles C. Pinckuey 1. The Electors were : John T. Gilman, 1. Oliver Peabody, 2. Ebeuezer Thompson, Elijah Dewey, 1. Elisha Sheldon, William Sever, 1. Samuel Holton, 2. Edward H. Robbins, 3. Elbridge Gerry, 4. Ebenezer Mattoon, 5. Samuel Phillips, Arthur Tenner, 1. George Champlin, Oliver Wolcott, 1. Jeremiah Wadsvvorth, 2. Heman Swift, 3. Elizur Goodrich, Lewis Morris, 1. Richard Thorne, 2. Peter Cantine, Jr. 3. A. Ten Broeck, 4. Abijah Hammond, John Neilson, 1. Aaron Ogden, 2. John Blackwood, Thomas McKean, 1. James Boyd, 2. Joseph Heister, 3. William Brown, 4. John Piper, 5. John Whitehill, Thomas Robinson, 1. Richard Bassett. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Benjamin Bellows, VERMONT. 2. Oliver Gallup. MASSACHUSETTS . 6. Increase Sumner, 7. Thomas Dawes, 8. David Rosseter, 9. Nathaniel Wells, 10. Ebenezer Hunt, RHODE ISLAND. 2. William Greene. CONNECTICUT. 4. William Hart, 6. Elias Perkins, NEW YORK. 5. A. Van Vechten, 6. William Root, 7. Peter Smith, NEW JERSEY. 3. Jonathan Rhea, 4. William Colefas, PENNSYLVANIA. 6. William Irvine, 7. Peter Muhlenberg, 8. Robert Coleman, 9. Abraham Smith, DELAWARE. John R, Plater, 1. Francis Deakins, 2. John Gilpin, 3. George Murdock, William Nimmo, ^.Nathaniel Wilkinson, 2. David Sauuders, MARYLAND. 4. John Roberts, 5. John Lynn, 6. John Eccleston, VIRGINIA. 3. John Taylor, 4. Catesby Jones, Timothy Farrar. 4. Timothy Walker. John Bridgman. Stephen Longfellow. 11. Elisha May, 12. Joseph Allen, 13. Thomas Rice, 14. Ebenezer Bacon. Samuel J. Potter. Jonathan Trumbull. 6. Jesse Root, 7. Jonathan Sturges. R. Van Rensselaer. 8. St. John Honeywood, 9. Charles Nevvkirk, 10. Johannes Miller. Caleb Newbold. 6. Elisha Lawrence. John Smilie. 10. Samuel Miles, 11. Jacob Morgan, 12. William Maclay, 13. James Hanna. Isaac Cooper. John Archer. 7. Gabriel Duvall, 8. John Done. William Terry. 5. Wilson C. Nicolas, 6. D. Carroll Brent, 458 STATISTICAL BECOKDS. 7. William Madison, 12. Archibald Stuart, 8. Levin Powell, 13. John Mason, 9. Benjamin Temple, 14. John Bowyer, 10. Moses Hunter, 15. Robert Walker, 11. Josiah Eiddick, 16. John Brown, 17. George Markham, 18. Robert Crockett, 19. Peter Johnson. James Martin, 1. Gabriel Raysdale, 2. John Gray Blout, 3. John Hamilton, 4. William Edmunds, NORTH CAROLINA. 5. James Bradley, 6. John Hamilton, 7. William Martin, Richard D. Spaight. 8. Evan Alexander, 9. Anthony Brown, 10. Sterling Harwell. Edward Rutledge, 1. Andrew Pickens, 2. William Thomas, SOUTH CAROLINA. 3. John Chesnut, 4. John Mathews, Arthur Simkins. 5. Thomas Taylor, 6. John Rutledge, Jr. James Jackson, 1. Edward Telfair, GEORGIA. 2. William Barnett. Charles Abercrombie. Stephen Ormsby, 1. Isaac Shelby, KENTUCKY. 2. John Coburn. Caleb Wallace. > TENNESSEE. Daniel Smith, 1. Joseph Greer. Hugh Neilson. FOURTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1801. THOMAS JEFFERSON and AAROX BURR having each received 73 of the 128 electoral votes cast, the choice devolved upon the House of Representatives. The 73 votes com prised all from the States of New York, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, South Caro lina, and Georgia, with 8 from Pennsylvania, 5 from Maryland, and 8 from North Carolina. John Adams had 65 votes, Charles C. Pinckuey 64, and John Jay 1. The Electors were : Oliver Peabody, 1. John Prentice, 2. Timothy Farrar, Elijah Dewey, 1. Jonathan Hunt, Samuel Philips, 1. E. H. Robbins, 2. Samuel Sewall, 3. David Rosseter, 4. Theophilus Bradbury, 6. Ebenezer Hunt, George Champlin, 1. Edward Manton, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Ebenezer Thomps.on, VERMONT. 2. William Chamberlain, MASSACHUSETTS. 6. John Hooker, 7. Walter Spooner, 8. Joseph Allen, 9. William Sever, 10. S. S. Wilde, RHODE ISLAND. 2. William Greene. CONNECTICUT. Jonathan Trumbull, 1. John Treadwell, 4. Matthew Griswold, 2. Tapping Reeve, 5. Jonathan Sturges, 3. Jesse Root, Isaac Ledyard, 1. Anthony Lispeuard, NEW YORK. 2. Robert Ellis, Benjamin Bellows. 4. Arthur Livermore. Roswell Hopkins. Francis Dana. 11. William Baylies, 12. Lemuel Weeks, 13. Thomas Dawes, 14. Andrew P. Fernald. Oliver Davis. Jonathan Ingersoll. 6. J. O. Moseley, 7. Stephen M. Mitchel Peter Van Ness. 3. P. Van Cortlandt, Jr STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 459 4. John Woodworth, 5. James Burt, 6. J. Van Ilensselaer, Isaac Smith, 1. Thomas Sinnicksou, 2. M. Williamson, Jr., Frederick Kuhn, 1. James Armstrong, 2. John Kean, 3. George Ege, 4. Jonas Hartzell, 5. John Hubley, Kensey Johns, 1. Samuel White. Edmund Plowden, 1. George Murdock, 2. John Gilpin, 3. Martin Kershner, George Wythe, 1. William Newsum, 2. Richard Brent, 3. William H. Cabell, 4. William Ellzey, 6. James Madison, Jr., 6. John Brown, 7. John Page. William Tate, 1. Joseph Winston, 2. William Martin, 3. Absalom Tatom, 4. Bryan Whitfield, John Hunter, 1. Paul Hamilton, 2. Andrew Love, John Morrison, 1. Dennis Smelt, John Coburn, 1. John Pope, Daniel Smith, 1. John Locke. 7. Gilbert Livingston, 8. Jacob Eaker, NEW JERSEY. 3. Richard Stockton, 4. William Griffith, PENNSYLVANIA. 6. Gabriel Heister, 7. William Hall, 8. Presly Carr Lane, 9. Samuel W. Fisher, DELAWARE. 9. Thomas Jenkins, 10. William Floyd. Samuel S. Smith. 5. Joshua L. Howell Samuel Wetherill. 10. N. B. Boileau. 11. James Crawford, Sr., 12. Isaac Van Horn, 13. Robert Whitehill. Nathaniel Mitchell. MARYLAND. Francis Deakins. 4. Perry Spencer, 7. Nicholas B. Moore, 6. Gabriel Duvall, 8. Littleton Dennis. 6. William M. Robertson, VIRGINIA. 8. John Preston, 9. Thomas Newton, 10. Hugh Holmes, 11. Joseph Jones, 12. Archibald Stuart, 13. William B. Giles, NORTH CAROLINA. 6. Spruce Macay, 6. Nathan Mayo, 7. Joseph Taylor, SOUTH CAROLINA. 3. Robert Anderson, 4. Joseph Blyth, GEORGIA. 2. David Blackshear. KENTUCKY. 2. Isaac Shelby. TENNESSEE. Walter Jones. 14. John Shore, 15. Creed Taylor, 16. John Bowyer, 17. Thomas Reade, Sr., 18. Daniel Colemau, 19. George Penn. Thomas Brown. 8. Thomas Wynns, 9. Gideon Alston, 10. John Hamilton., Arthur Simkins. 6. Theodore Gaillard, 6. Wade Hampton. Henry Graybill. Charles Scott. Robert Love. The House of Representatives, on which devolved the choice between Jefferson and Burr, voted to commence balloting on Wednesday, the eleventh day of February, to attend to no other business while the election was pending, and not to adjourn until a choice was effected. Seats were provided upon the floor for the President and the Senators, but during the act of balloting the galleries were cleared of spectators, and the doors were closed. Upon the first ballot New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee (8), voted for Thomas Jefferson; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, and South Carolina (6), voted for Aaron Burr; and the votes of Vermont and Maryland (the representatives of which were divided) were given blank. The balloting was con tinued, and the House remained in session, nominally without adjournment, for seven days, during which one hundred and four members were present. Some of them were so infirm or indisposed that it was necessary to provide beds for them, and one mem' 460 STATISTICAL RECOBDS. ber, who was quite ill, was attended by his wife. On the thirty-sixth ballot, which was taken on the afternoon of the seventeenth, the votes of Delaware and South Car olina were given blank, while those of Vermont and Maryland were given to Mr. Jef ferson, and elected him. The Vice-Presidency, of course, devolved upon Mr. Burr. FIFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1805. THOMAS JEFFERSON was re-elected President, receiving 162 of the 176 votes cast. This comprised the entire electoral vote of all the States, except Connecticut, Dela ware, and Maryland ; the two first of which threw their full vote for Charles Cotes- worth Pinckney, and the last gave nine votes for Mr. Jefferson and two for Mr. Pinckney. GEORGE CLINTON was elected Vice-President by the same majority and vote, Eufus King receiving fourteen votes. The Electors were : John Goddard, 1. Levi Bartlet, 2. George Aldrich, Josiah Wright, 1. Samuel Shaw, 2. William Hunter, James Sullivan, 1. Elbridge Gerry, 2. John Whiting, 3. James Bowdoin, 4. John Bacon, 5. John Hathorne, 6. William Heath, Constant Taber, 1. James Aldrich, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Timothy Walker, 4. Jonathan Steele, VERMONT. 3. Ezra Butler, MASSACHUSETTS. 7. Thomas Kitteridge, 8. John Woodman, 9. James Winthrop, 10. Charles Turner, 11. Edward Upham, 12. Thomas Fillebrown RHODE ISLAND. Robert Alcock. 5. William Tarlton. Nathaniel Niles. 4. John Noyes. Timothy Newell. 13. James Warren, 14. John Farley, 15. John Davis, 16. Jonathan Smith, 17. Josiah Deane. 2. Benjamin Remington. James Helme. Jonathan Trumbull, 1. John Tread well, 4. 2. David Smith, 5. 3. Oliver Ellsworth, Sylvester Dening, 1. James Fairlie, 2. Thomas Brooks, 3. Cornelius Bergen, 4. Matthias B. Hildreth, 6. John Herring, 6. William Floyd, Solomon Freligh, 1. Alexander Carmichael, 2. Moore Furman, CONNECTICUT. Asher Miller, David Daggett, NEW YORK. Lewis B. Sturges. 6. Sylvester Gilbert, 7. Joshua Huntington. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Ezra Thompson, Jonas Earl, John Wood, Joseph Ellicott, Conrad I. Elmendorff, Henry Quackinboss, John Cramer, 13. Stephen Miller, 14. Adam Comstock, 15. Albert Pawling, 16. Abraham Bancker, 17. Isaac Sargent. NEW JERSEY. 3. Phineas Manning, 4. Jacob Hufty, Charles Thompson, 1. William Montgomery, 7. 2. John Bowman, 8. 3. Matthew Lawler, 9. 4. William Brown, 10. 5. Robert McMullen, 11. 6. George Smith, 12. Maxwell Bines, 1. George Kenuard. PENNSYLVANIA. William Brooke, Jacob Hostetter, Thomas Long, Jacob Bonnett, Francis Svvaine, James Montgomery, DELAWARE. Thomas Newbold. 6. William Rossell, 6. Abijah Smith. Casper Shaffher, Jr. 13. Henry Spering, 14. John Minor, 15. James Boyd, 16. John Hamilton, 17. Peter Frailey, 18. Nathaniel Irish. Thomas Fisher. STATISTICAL EECOBDS. 461 John Parnham, 1. Joseph Wilkinson, 2. John Gilpin, 3. John Johnson, Richard Evers Lee, 1. John Goodrich, MARYLAND. 4. William Gleaves, 5. Edward Johnson, 6. Perry Spencer, VIRGINIA. 2. Thomas Read, 3. Edward Pegram, 4. Creed Taylor, 5. William H. Cabell, G. John Taliaferro, Jr., 7. George Peiin, 8. Richard Brent, Felix Walker, 1. Peter Forney, 2. Lemuel Sawyer, 3. Joseph Williams, 4. James Jones, John Blake, 1. John Gaillard, 2. Arthur Simkins, 3. Thomas Taylor, Edward Telfair, 1. David Emanuel, 2. John Rutherford, Charles Scott, 1. John Coburn, 2. Niniau Edwards, David Deaderich, 1. Richard Mitchell, William Goforth, 1. Nathaniel Massie. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. George Wythe, Hugh Holmes, John Taylor, James Dailey, Larkin Smith, James Allen, John Minor, NORTH CAROLINA. 5. Montford Stokes, 6. Reading Blount, 7. Solomon Graves, 8. Bryan Whitfield, SOUTH CAROLINA. 4. William Hill, 6. Joseph Blythe, 6. James Miles, GEORGIA. 3. Henry Graybill, KENTUCKY. 3. Hubbard Taylor, 4. Joseph Lewis, TENNESSEE. 2. George Ridley, OHIO. Tobias E. Stansbury. 7. John Tyler, 8. Ephraifn K. Wilson, 9. Frisby Tilghmau. Richard Field. 16. Archibald Stuart, 17. William Ellzey, 18. James McFarlane, 19. William Dudley, 20. John Preston, 21. Mann Page, 22. William McKinley. Robert Cochran. 9. Joseph Taylor, 10. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 11. Joseph John Alston, 12. Gideon Alston. Samuel Warren. 7. Joseph Calhoun, 8. John Taylor. James B. Maxwell. 4. David Cresswell. Isaac Shelby. 5. William Irvine, 6. William Roberts. William Martin. 3. Robert Houston. James Pritchard. SIXTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1809. JAMES MADISON was elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Ohio, and 13 of the 19 votes of New York, 9 of the 11 of Maryland, and 11 of the 14 of North Carolina ; in all 122 of the 175 votes cast ; George Clinton received 6 votes of New York, and the balance (47) were given to Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. GEORGE CLINTON was elected Vice-President, receiving 113 votes, while Rufus King had 47, James Mad ison 3, and James Monroe 3. The Electors were : Jeremiah Smith, 1. Oliver Peabody, 2. Benjamin West, Israel Smith, 1. Jonas Galusha, 2. Janres Tarbox, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Samuel Hale, 4. Jonathan Franklin, VERMONT. 3. John White, Timothy Farrar. 6. Robert Wallace. Samuel Shepardson. 4. William Gaboon. 462 STATISTICAL RECOEDS. Caleb Strong, 1. Francis Dana, 2. Ebenezer Warren, 3. John Brooks, 4. Samuel Tobey, 5. Moses Brown, 6. Joshua Thomas, MASSACHUSETTS. 7. William Bartlett, 8. Lemuel Williams, 9. Ebenezer Bridge, 10. Andrew Feruald, 11. Benjamin Heywood, 12. Samuel Freeman, Daniel Dewey. 13. Josiah Stearns, 14. Samuel S. Wilde, 15. John Hooker, 16. Jeremiah Bailey, 17. John Barrett. RHODE ISLAND. Thomas P. Ives, 1. C. Fowler, 2. Thomas Noyes. CONNECTICUT. Jonathan Trumbull, 1. John Treadwell, 4. Jesse Root, 2. Stephen T. Hosmer, 6. Roger Griswold, 3. David Daggett, Ambrose Spencer, 1. Henry Huntington, 2. Benjamin Mooers, 3. John W. Seaman, 4. Adam B. Vrornan, 5. Henry Rutgers, 6. Thomas Shankland, James Mott, 1. James Morgan, 2. Thomas Hendry, Charles Thomson, 1. Thomas Leiper, 2. James Cowden, 3. Michael Leib, 4. William Wilson, 5. Joseph Engle, 6. Robert Griffen, James Booth, 1. Nicholas Ridgely. John R. Plater, 1. Robert Bowie, 2. Thomas W. Veazey, 3. Edward Johnson, NEW YORK. 7. John Garretson, 8. William Hallock, 9. Ebenezer White, 10. Russell Atwater, 11. Thomas Lawrence, 12. Joseph Simonds, NEW JERSEY. 3. Amos Harrison, 4. George Burgin, PENNSYLVANIA. 7. William Rodman, 8. Jacob Hostetter, 9. Archibald Darrah, 10. David Fullerton, 11. Jacob Weygandt, 12. Peter Kenimell, DELAWARE. MARYLAND.' 4. Richard Tilghman, 5. John Johnson, 6. Earl Perry Spencer, Joseph Goodwin, Sr., 1. Edward Pegram, Sr., 2. Robert Nelson, 3. Richard Field, 4. Mann Page, 5. Thomas Read, 6. Richard Barnes, 7. Joseph Eggleston, 8. John T. Brooks, Francis Locke, 1. Thomas Wynns, 2. Kemp Plummer, 3. Samuel Ashe, Sr., 4. Joseph Taylor, VIRGINIA. 9. Hugh Nelson, 10. Hugh Holmes, 11. George Penn, 12. Osborn Sprigg, 13. Philip N. Nicholas, 14. James Allen, 15. Spencer Roane, NORTH CAROLINA. 5. Murdock McKenzie, 6. Peter Forney, 7. Robert Love, 8. James Rainey, James Rhodes. John Cotton Smith. 6. Frekerick Wolcott, 7. Samuel W. Johnsou. Henry Yates, Jr. 13. James Tallmage, 14. Hugh Jamison, 15. Jonathan Rouse, 16. Matthew Carpenter, 17. Micajah Petit. Benjamin Egbert. 5. David Welch, 6. Abijah Smith. Adamson Tannehill. 13. Joseph Lefevre, 14. Joseph Huston, 15. Gabriel Heister, Jr., 16. William Montgomery, 17. George Hartman, 18. John McDowell. Daniel Rodney. Tobias E. Stansbury. 7. John Tyler, 8. Henry James Carroll, 9. Nathaniel Rochester. Benjamin Harrison. 16. Archibald Stuart, c 17. John Roane, 18. Andrew Russell, 19. Robert Taylor, 20. John Preston, 21. Gustavns B. Horner, 22. William McKinley. Robert Cleveland. 9. John Winslow, 10. Joseph Riddick, 11. William Gaston, 12. Henry I. Toole. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 463 Joseph Gist, 1. John Wilson, 2. Liingdon Cheves, 3. John McMonies, John Eutherford, 1. John Twiggs, 2. Christopher Clark, Samuel Hopkins, 1. "William Logan, 2. Kobert Trimble, James Robertson, 1. William Martin, Nathaniel Massie, 1. Stephen Wood. SOUTH CAROLINA. 4. Paul Hamilton, 5. William Strother, 6. Samuel Mays, GEORGIA. 3. Henry Graybill, KENTUCKY, 3. Matthew Walton, 4. Hubbard Taylor, TENNESSEE. 2. James Sevier, OHIO. Joseph Bellinger. 7. William Zimmerman, 8. William House. David Meriwether. 4. James E. Houston. Charles Scott. 5. Robert Ewing, 6. Christopher Greenup. Joseph Greer. 3. Baldwin Hale. Thomas McCune. SEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1813. JAMES MADISON was re-elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of Vermont, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, and Louisiana, and six of the eleven votes of Maryland, in all 128 of the 217 votes cast; the balance (89) were given for De Witt Clinton, of New York. ELBRIDGE GERRY was elected Vice-President, receiving 131 votes ; while Jared Inger- soll had 86. The Electors were : John Goddard, 1. Oliver Peabodj^, 2. Benjamin West, Nathaniel Niles, 1. Noah Chittenden, 2. William A. Griswold, William Heath, 1. Harrison G. Otis, 2. Joshua Thomas, 3. Nathan Dane, 4. David Scudder, 5. Jeremiah Nelson, 6. Lathrop Lewis, 7. Abraham Bigelow, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Samuel Hale, 4. Caleb Ellis, VERMONT. 3. William Slade, 4. Elihu Luce, MASSACHUSETTS. 8. Nathaniel Goodwin, 9. John Walker, 10. Samuel Parris, 11. George Bliss, 12. Abiel Wood, 13. Benjamin Heywood, 14. Lemuel Paine. RHODE ISLAND. Christopher Fowler, 1. Samuel G. Arnold, 2. Ephraim Bowen. Nathaniel Terry, 1. Theodore Dwight, 2. James Gould, 3. David Daggett, Joseph C. Yates, 1. Simeon De Witt, 2. Robert Jenkins, 3. Archibald Mclntyre, 4. M. S. Van Dercook, 6. John C. Hodgeboom, 6. George Palmer, Jr., CONNECTICUT. 4. Stephen T. Hosmer, 6. Calvin Goddard. NEW YORK. 7. G. S. Mumford, 8. James Hill, 9. J. Delamontagnie, 10. William Kirby, 11. P. Van Cortlandt, 12. Henry Frey, Timothy Farrar. 6. Nathan Taylor, 6. Jonathan Franklin. Josiah Wright. 5. John H. Andrus, 6. Mark Richards. John W. Hurlburt. 15. Eleazer James, 16. James McClellan, 17. E. Williams, 18. William Crosby, 19. Isaac Maltby, 20. Israel Thorndike. William Rhodes. Daniel Putnam. 6. Jonathan Barnes, 7. S. B. Sherwood. David Van Ness. 13. John Chandler, 14. Thomas H. Hubbard, 15. Henry Huntiugton, 16. John Russell, 17. John Woodworth, 18. James S. Kipp, 464 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 19. David Boyd, 20. Jotham Jayme, 21. Cornelius Bergen, Matthew Whilden, 1. William B. Ewing, 2. Elias Conover, 22. Jonathan Stanley, Jr. 25. Chauncey Belknap, 23. Joseph Perine, 26. George Rosecrautz, 24. William Burnet, 27. John Dill. NEW JEKSEY. William Griffith. 3. Franklin Davenport, 5. Jacob Losey, 4. Andrew Howell, 6. William McGill. Walter Franklin, Daniel Mitchell, David Fullerton, Paul Cox, Samuel Smyth, Isaac Worrell, Robert Smith, Michael Baker, Nathaniel Mickler, James L. Clayton, Benj amin -Blakiston, PENNSYLVANIA. 9. Joseph Engle, 10. Chas. Shoemaker, Jr., 11. James Fulton, 12. James Mitchell, 13. Isaiah Davis, 14. John Murray, 15. John Whitehill, 16. Clement Paine, Hugh Glasgow. 17. Edward Crouch, 18. Joseph Reed, 19. Henry Allshouse, 20. Alexander Dysart, 21. James Stephenson, 22. David Mead, 23. Abia Minor. DELAWARE. 2. Thomas Fisher. MARYLAND. Henry H. Chapman, Edward H. Calvert, 4. Thomas Worrell, Thomas W. Veazey, 6. John Stephen, Edward Johnson, 6. Edward Lloyd, James Sykes. Tobias E. Stansbury. 7. Henry Williams, 8. Littleton Dennis, 9. Daniel Kentch. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. G. 7. 8. Richard Henry Lee, Benjamin Harrison, Robert Nelson, Edward Pegram, Mann Page, Richard Field, Walter Jones, Thomas Read, John T. Brooke, 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. VIRGINIA. Gustavus B. Horner. Matthew Cheatham, 17. W. G. Poinclexter, Hugh Holmes, 18. Andrew Russell, William Armistead, 19. Spenoer Roane, Daniel Morgan, 20. Charles Taylor, Charles Yancey, 21. Sthreshly Rennolds, Archibald Rutherford, 22. W. McKinley, George Penn, 23. Robert Taylor. Archibald Stuart, William H. Murfree^ Redar Ballard, 6. James Rainey, 7. James Bright, 8. Francis Locke, 9. Thomas D. King, James Campbell, John Johnson, John McCreary, Andrew Pickens, Daniel Stewart, Henry Graybill, Oliver Porter, Robert Ewing, William Casey, Robert Mosby, Samuel Murrell, Hubbard Taylor, E. K. Dulany, Henry Bradford, Thomas Washington, NORTH CAROLINA. Montford Stokes, James W. Clarke, Joseph Uniston, H. G. Burton, SOUTH CAROLINA. William Smith, William Caldwell, William Alston, GEORGIA. 3. Charles Harris, 4. Henry Mitchell, KENTUCKY. 6. Samuel Caldwell, 6. Duval Payne, 7. Richard Taylor, TENNESSEE. 8. James Trimble, 4. David McEwen, James Mebane. 10. Jonathan Hampton, 11. Thomas Davis, 12. Henry Massey, 13. Kemp Plummer. Reuben Starke. 7. Samuel Johnson, 8. Richard Singleton, 9. Sampson Butler. John Twiggs. 5. John Rutherford, 6. John Howard. William Irvine. 8. Walter Baylor, 9. William Logan, 10. T. D. Ovvings. William Trigg. 5. James McCampbell, 6. Thomas Johnson. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 465 John Jones, 1. Matthias Corwin, 2. D. Abbot (not present), Julien Poydras, 1. Philemon Thomas. OHIO. 3. David Purviance, 4. Thomas Ijams, LOUISIANA. James Prichard. 5. James Dunlap, 6. John Hamm. Stephen A. Hopkins. EIGHTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION- 1817. JAMES MUNROE was elected President, having received the entire electoral vote of every State except Massachusetts, Connecticut and Delaware, in all 183 of the 217 votes cast; the remaining 34 being given for Rufus King. DANIEL D. TOMPKINS was elected Vice-President, receiving 183 votes; while John E. Howard had 22 votes, James Ross 5, John Marshall 4, and Robert G. Harper 3. The Electors were : Thomas Manning, 1. Benjamin Butler, 2. Jacob Tuttle, J. Robinson, 1. Apollos Austin, 2. Asaph Fletcher, Christopher Gore, 1. Prentiss Mellen, 2. Jonas Kendall, 3. Israel Thorndike, 4. E. H. Robbins, 5. Benj. Pickman, Jr., 6. John Low, 7. David A. White, James Fenner, 1. Thomas Pitman, Jonathan Ingersoll, 1. Nathaniel Terry, 8. Elisha Sterling, 3. Seth P. Staples, Henry Rutgers, 1. Lemuel Chipman, 2. Artemas Aldrich, 3. John W. Seaman, 4. Henry Becker, 6. Jacob Drake, 6. Aaron Searing, 7. James Farlie, 8. Israel W. Clark, 9. Augustus Wright, Lewis Moore, 1. Aaron Kitchell, 2. Daniel Garrison, Paul Cox, 1. David Mitchell, 2. James Wilson, 3. John Geyer, 4. Gabriel Heister, 30 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. William Badger, 4. Thomas C. Drew, VERMONT. 3. Robert Holly, 4. John H. Cotton, Richard H. Ayer. 6. Amos Cogswell, 6. Dan Young. James Roberts. 5. William Braytou, 6. Isaiah Fisk. MASSACHUSETTS. Bezabeel Taft. 8. S. Longfellow, Jr., 15. Daniel Howard, 16. William Phillips, 17. Wendell Davis, 18. Josiah Stebbins, 19. Seth Washburne, 20. Thomas H. Perkins. 9. Joseph Locke. 10. William Abbot, 11. Thomas Dwight, 12. Timothy Boutelle 13. Peter Bryant, 14. Luther Carey, RHODE ISLAND. 2. Dutee Arnold. CONNECTICUT. 4. Elijah Hubbard, 5. Jirah Isham, NEW YORK. 10. Daniel Root, 11. P. S. Van Orden, 12. Montgomery Hull, 13. J. W. Van Wyck, 14. Nicoll Fosdick, 15. J. D. Monell, 16. E. Edmonds, 17. John Blake, Jr., 18. George Petit, NEW JERSEY. 3. David Welsh, 4. William Rossell, PENNSYLVANIA. 6. Daniel Bussier, 6. James Meloy, 7. John Conrad, 8. James Banks, Edward Wilcox. William Perkins. 6. Asa Wiley, 7. S. W. Johnson. Alexander McNish. 19. Jacob Wertz, 20. Richard Townley, 21. Gabriel North, 22. Samuel Lawrence, 23. Charles E. Dudley, 24. Nathaniel Rochester, 25. Benjamin Smith, 26. Worthy L. Churchel, 27. Samuel Lewis. Charles Ogden. 5. John Crowell, 6. Robert McNeeley. M. Fackenthal. 9. William Brooke-, 10. Robert Clark, 11. Isaac Anderson^ 12. Abiel Fellows, 4-66 STATISTICAL RECORDS. 13. Matthew Roberts, 14. David Marchand, 15. John Mohler, 1G. Thomas Patterson, Thomas Robinson, 1. Isaac Tunnell. 17. John Harrison, 18. Joseph Huston, 19. Jacob Hostetter, 20. Samuel Scott, DELAWARE. 2. Nicholas Ridgely. 21. John Rea, 22. James Alexander, 23. William Gilliland. MARYLAND. William D. Beall, 1. Joseph Kent, 4. Benjamin Massy, 2. William C. Miller, 5. John Stephen, 3. Edward Johnson, 6. Thomas Ennalls, Andrew Barratt. George Warner. 7. John Buchanan, 8. Littleton Dennin, D. Lawrence Breugle. George Newton, 1. Charles H. "Graves, 2. Hugh Holmes, 3. JohnPegram, 4. Archibald Rutherford, 5. John Purnall, 6. Archibald Stuart, 7. Joseph C. Cabell, 8. Andrew Russell, Robert Love, 1. Jesse Franklin, 2. John Hall, 3. Peter Forney, 4. Thomas Wynns, 5. Francis Locke, William Garrett, 1. Philemon Bradford, 2. Thomas Evans, 3. William McKeralls, David Adams, 1. John Mclntosh, 2. John Clark, Duvall Payne, 1. Hubbavd Taylor, 2. William Logan, 3. Robert '.Trimble, 4. Alexander Adair, Alfred M. Carter, 1. Joseph Hamilton, 2. M. McClanohan, John G. Young, 1. Aaron Wheeler, 2. Othniel Looker, Jesse L. Holman, Joseph Bartholomew. VIRGINIA. 9. Charles Yancey, 10. Charles Taylor, 11. Spencer Roane, 12. Robert B. Starke, 13. Sthreshly Reynolds, 14. William Archer, 15. Robert Taylor, 16. Benjamin Cook. NORTH CAROLINA. 6. Joseph Riddick, 7. Abraham Phillips, 8. James Hoskins, 9. Alexander Gray, SOUTH CAROLINA. 4. Thomas Lee, 5. Frederick Nance, 6. John L. Wilson, GEORGIA. 3. Jared Irwin, 4. John Rutherford, KENTUCKY. 5. Thomas Bodley, 6. Samuel Caldwell, 7. Willis A. Lee, TENNESSEE. 3. David Campbell, 4. Samuel Buchanan, OHIO. 3. John Paterson, 4. Benjamin Haugh, INDIANA. Garrigues Flanjac, John R. Grimes. LOUISIANA. John T. Brooke. 17. Isaac Foster, 18. Wm. Brokenbrough, 19. Brazure W. Pryor, 20. Daniel Morgan, 21. William Jones, 22. JohnEdie, 23. William Lee Ball. Nathaniel Jones. 10. Vine Allen, 11. Joseph Pukett, 12. Thomas D. King, 13. Thomas Ruffln. James Duff. 7. John Thomas, 8. Joseph Reid, 9. Richard B. Screven. Charles Harris. 6. Henry Mitchell, 6. David Meriwether. Richard Taylor. 8. Samuel Mnrrell, 9. William Irvine, 10. Robert Evving. Kobert Allen. 6. Adam Huntsman, 6. James Baxter. Abraham Shepherd. 6. William Skinner, 6. James Curry. Thomas H. Blake. Squire Lea. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 467 NINTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1821. JAMES MONROE was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of every State (228) except New Hampshire, of which one vote was thrown for John Quincy Adams. DANIEL D. TOMPKIXS was elected Vice-President, receiving 215 votes ; while Richard Stockton had 8 votes, Daniel Rodney 4, Robert G. Harper 1, and Richard Rash. 1. The Electors were : William Pluraer, 1. David Barker, 2. Nathaniel Shannon, James Galusha, 1. Gilbert Denison, 2. Daniel A. A. Buck, John Adams, 1. William Phillips, 2. Thomas H. Blood, 3. William Gray, 4. Jonas Sibley, 5. Daniel Webster, James Tenner, 1. Dutee J. Pearce, Henry Seymour, 1. Samuel Welles, 2. William Cogswell, 3. William Mosely, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. William Fisk, 4. Ezra Bartlett, VERMONT. 3. Pliny Smith, 4. Ezra Butler, MASSACHUSETTS. 6. Ezra Starkweather, 7. B. W. Crowninshield, 8. Wendell Davis, 9. John Heard, EIIODE ISLAND. 2. Dutee Arnold. CONNECTICUT. 4. John Alsop, 5. Ebenezer Brockway, NEW * YORK. John Pendexter. 5. Samuel Dinsmoor, 6. James Smith. William Slade, Jr. 5. Aaron Leland, 6. Timothy Stanley. Seth Sprague. 10. John Davis, 11. Samuel Dana, 12. Joseph Woodbridge, 13. Ebeuczer Mattoon. Robert F. Noyes. Isaiah Loomis. 6. S. W. Crawford, 7. Samuel II . Phillips. William Floyd, John Baker. 1. Henry Rutgers, 10. Ferrand Stranahan, 19. David Hammond, 2. John Walvvorth, 11. Jacob Odell, 20. Win. B. Rochester, 3. Abel Huntington, 12. Henry Wager, 21. Mark Spencer, 4. Daniel McDougall, 13. Peter Waring, 22. Charles Thompson, 5. Edward Severich, 14. Elisha Harnham, 1:3. Benjamin Knower, 6. Seth Wetmore, 15. Edward P. Livingston, 24. Philetas Swift, 7. Isaac Lawrence, 16. Jonathan Collins, 25. Gilbert Eddy, 8. Latham A. Burrows, 17. Peter Millikin, 26. James Brisban, 9. John Targee, 18. Samuel Nelson, 27. Hovvell Gardner. NEW JERSEY.. David Mills, Samuel L. Southard. 1. John Wilson, 3. John Crowell, 5. Aaron Vansyckel, 2. Joseph Budd, 4. Isaiah Shinn, 6. John L. Smith. PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Leiper, James P. Sanderson. 1. Paul Cox, 9. Andrew Gilkerson, 17. D. W. Dingman, 2. William Clingan, 10. George Plumer, 18. Hugh Davis, 3. Daniel Groves, 11. John Hamilton, 19. Gabriel I leister, 4. George Garnitz, 12. George Hebb, 20. Patrick Farelly, 5. Chandler Price, 13. James Kerr, 21. JohnTodd, 6. James Griffin, 14. Andrew Sutton, 22. Melchis Rahm (de 7. Pierce Crosby, 15. William Mitchell, ceased), 8. John Miley, 16. Joseph Huston, 23. Philip Benner. DELAWARE. Peter Robinson, Nicholas Ridgely, 1. John Clark, 2. Andrew Barratt. 468 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. James Forrest, 1. Robert W. Bowie, 2. John Forward, 3. John Stephen, William C. Holt, 1. Charles H. Graves, 2. Robert Shields, 3. John Pegram, 4. William Jones, 5. R. B. Stark. 6. John Taliaferro, 7. John Purnall, 8. John T. Brook, Robert Love, 1. Jesse Franklin, 2. John Hall, 3. Michael McLeary, 4. Geoi'ge Outlaw, 5. Francis Locke, Benjamin James, 1. L. M. Ayer, 2. Isaac Smith, 3. John S. Glascock, Oliver Porter, 1. Henry Mitchell, 2. John Rutherford, Samuel Murrel, 1. E. M. Ewing, 2. Willis A. Lee, 3. S. Caldwell, 4. James Johnson. A. M. Carter, 1. J. Hamilton, Sr., 2. German Lester, William Shannon, 1. William Christy. William Moody, 1. Joshua Wingate, Jr., 2. Joshua Gage, 3. Elisha Allen, Jeremiah Morrow, 1. William H. Harrison, 2. James Kilbourne, Nathaniel Ewing, 1. Daniel J. Caswell. James B. Moore, 1. Michael Jones. John Scott, 1. Henry Minor. Duncan Stewart, 1. Theodore Stark. MARYLAND. 4. William R. Stuart, 5. A. McKim, 6. John Boon, VIRGINIA. 9. B. T. Arthur, 10. Hugh Holmes, 11. William C. Rives, 12. W. Armstrong, Jr., 13. Charles Yancey, 14. Archibald Rutherford, 15. Joseph Martin, 16. Archibald Stuart, NORTH CAROLINA. 6. C. E. Johnson, 7. Abraham Philips, 8. Lewis D. Wilson, 9. Alexander Gray, SOUTH CAROLINA, 4. John Dunovant, 5. Matthew J. Kirth, 6. Rasha Cannon, GEORGIA. 3. John Mclntosh, 4. John Foster, KENTUCKY. 5. John E. King, 6. Jesse Bledsoe, 7. John Pope, TENNESSEE. 3. David Campbell, 4. Henry Small, MISSOURI. MAINE. 4. Josiah Prescott, 5. William Chadwick, OHIO. 3. Alexander Campbell, 4. John McLaughliu, INDIANA. ILLINOIS. ALABAMA. MISSISSIPPI. Elias Brown. 7. William Gabby, 8. Joshua Pricleaux, 9. Michael C. Sprigg. Thomas Brown. 17. W. Breckenbrough, 18. Andrew Russell, 19. Armistead Hoomes, 20. Samuel Blackburn, 21. James Hunter, 22. John Edie, 23. Robert Taylor. Kinborough Jones. 10. H. J. G. Ruffin, 11. B. H. Covington, 12. Thomas Kenan, 13. James Mebane. Benjamin Rynalds. 7. Benjamin Dickson, 8. William A. Ball, 9. Charles Miller. John Graves. 6. David Meriwether, 6. Benjamin Whitaker. Martin D. Hardin. 8. Thomas Bodley, 9. Richard Taylor, 10. Hubbard Taylor. John Dickson. 5. John J. White. John S. Brickey. Lemuel Trescott. 6. Levi Hubbard, 7. Samuel Tucker. James Caldwell. 5. Robert Lucas, 6. Lewis Dille. John H. Thompson. A. F. Hubbard. George Phillips. Daniel Burnet. STATISTICAL KECORDS. 4G9 Philemon Thomas, 1. Daniel L. Todd. LOUISIANA. John E. Grymes. TENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1825. John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and Henry Clay were candidates, and the Electoral College not giving either of them the requisite majority (132 votes), the choice again devolved upon the House of Representatives, when MR. ADAMS was elected. Andrew Jackson received the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Indiana, Mississippi, and Alabama, 1 of the 36 votes of New York, 7 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 3 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and 1 of the 3 votes of Illinois. John Quiucy Adams received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connect icut, and 26 of the 36 votes of New York, 1 of the 3 votes of Delaware, 3 of the 1 1 votes of Maryland, 2 of the 5 votes of Louisiana, and oue of the 3 votes of Illinois. William H. Crawford received the entire vote of Virginia and of Georgia, and 5 of the 36 votes of New York, 2 of the 3 votes of Delaware, and 1 of the 11 votes of Maryland. Henry Clay received the entire vote of Kentucky, Ohio, and Missouri, and 4 of the 36 votes of New York. JOHN C. CALHOUN was elected Vice-President, receiving 182 votes; while Nathan Sanford had 30 votes, Nathaniel Macon 24, Andrew Jackson 13, Martin Van Buren 9, and Henry Clay 2. The Electors were : Josiah Bartlett, 1. William Badger, 2. Caleb Reith, William Gray, 1. Levi Lincoln, 2. Enos Foot, 3. T. L. Winthrop, 4. William Walker, 5. N. Silsbee, Caleb Earle, 1. Stephen B. Cornell, Calvin Willey, 1. Oliver Wolcott, 2. John Swathel, Jonas Galusha, 1. Titus Hutchinson, 2. Dan Carpenter, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Samuel Quarles, 4. Moses White, MASSACHUSETTS. 6. John Endicot, 7. Joseph Kittredge, 8. Thomas Weston, 9. Augustus Tower, RHODE ISLAND. 2. Charles Eldridge. CONNECTICUT. 3. Rufus Hitchcock, 4. Lemuel White, VERMONT. 3. Joseph Burr, 4. AsaAldis, Abel Parker. 5. William Fisk, 6. HallBurinu. Oliver Smith. 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 11. Jonathan Davis, 12. Hezekiah Barnard, 13. Edmund Cashing. Elisha Watson. Nathan Thompson, 1. Darius Bentley, 2. Thomas Lawyer, 3. Micah Brooks, 4. E. B. Crandale, 5. Pierre A. Barker, 6. Samuel Hicks, 7. Joseph Sibley, 8. Edward Savage, 9. Timothy H. Porter, 10. Benjamin Mooers, 11. Samuel Russell, 12. Chester Patterson, Peter Wilson, 1. Daniel Vliet, 2. James Cook, NEW YORK. 13. Marinus Willett, 14. Phineas Coon, 15. Ebenezer Sage, 16. Azariah Smith, 17. Richard Blanvelt, 18. Eleazer Burnham, 19. Abraham Stagg, 20. Solomon St. John, 21. John Drake, 22. Elisha B. Strong, 23. James Drake, NEW jERSEYi 3. Jacob Cline, 4. James Parker, David Keys. 5. David Hill, G. Moses Warren. John Mason. 5. Jabez Proctor. William Townsend. 24. Clark Crandall, 25. Isaac Sutherland, 26. I. Sutherland, 27. William Walsh, 28. J. Lansing, Jr., 29. Alexander J. Coffin, 30. Benjamin Bailey, 31. Benjamin Smith, 32. Samuel Smith, 33. Elisha Dorr, 34. Hernan Cady. John Buck. 5. Joseph Kille, 6. J. W. Scott. 470 STATISTICAL KECOEDS. PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Leiper, "William Beatty. 1. Cromwell Pearce, 10. Abraham Acklams, 19. Adam King, 2. Valentine Giesey, 11. Joseph Engle, 20. Philip Benner, 3. Philip Peltz, 12. Isaac Smith, 21. John Rush, 4. John Reed, 13. John Pugh, 22. Henry Scheetz, 5. A. McCaraher, 14. "William Thomson, 23. Peter Adams, C. James Duncan, 15. Adam Ritscher, 24. Adam Light, 7. Daniel Sheffer, 16. Asa Mann, 25. James Ankrim, 8. John Boyd, 17. Charles Kenny, . 26. James Murray. 9. Daniel Raul, 18. John Fogel, DELAWARE. John Caldwell, Isaac Tunnell. 1. Joseph G. Rowland. MARYLAND. Henry Brawner, 1. John C. Herbert, 2. Thomas Hope, 3. George Winchester, William C. Holt. 1. Charles H. Graves, 2. Ellison Currie, 3. John Cargill, 4. Robert Taylor, 5. W. II. Brodnax, C. Isaac Foster, 7. Joseph Wyatt, 8. Daniel Morgan, Montfort Stokes, 1. Robert Love, 2. William A. Blount, 3. Peter Forney, 4. William B. Lockhart, 6. Vine Allen, Robert Clendineu, 1. John K. Griffen, 2. William Garrett, 3. Angus Patterson, Elias Beall, 1. Thomas Cumming, 2. John Mclntosh, 3. John Floyd, J. R. Underwood, 1. JohnE. King, 2. Joseph Allen, 3. Alney McLean, 4. W. Moore, John Rhea, 1. T. A. Howard, 2. Joseph Brown, 3. W. E. Anderson, W. H. Harrison, 1. W. McFarland, 2. David Sloane, 3. Thomas Kirker, 4. Samuel Coulter, 5. James Heaton, 4. Samuel G. Osborn, 5. Dennis Claude, 6. James Sangston, VIRGINIA. William Brown. 7. William Tyler, 8. Littleton Dennis, 9. Thomas Post. 9. James Jones, 10. William Armstrong, 11. Charles Yancey, 12. Archibald Rutherford, 13. Joseph Martin, 14. John Bowyer, 15. Thomas M. Randolph, Robert Shield, 16. James Hoge, 17. W. Brockenbrough, 18. Andrew Russell, 19. John T. Somax, 20. Joseph H. Samuels, 21. William Jones, 22. William Marteny. NORTH CAROLINA. 6. Edward B. Dudley, 7. James Mebane, 8. A. H. Shepperd, 9. John Giles, William Martin. 10. Walter J. Leake, 11. William Drew, 12. John M. Morehead, 13. Josiah Crudup. SOUTH CAROLINA. Evan Benbow, 4. Eldrid Simkins, 7. M. J. Keith, 5. Joseph W. Alston, 8. Thomas Benson, 6. William C. Pinckney, 9. William Laval. GEORGIA. 4. John Rutherford, 5. John Harden, KENTUCKY. 5. Young Ewing, 6. Thomas Bodley, 7. Benjamin Lecher, 8. D. Payne, TENNESSEE. 4. Joel Pinson, 6. B. C. Stout, 6. William Blout, OHIO. 6. S. Kingsbury, 7. Heni'y Brown, 8. Ebenezer Merry, 9. E. Buckingham, 10. James Cooley, William Matthews. 6. William Terrell, 7. Warren Jordan. Richard Taylor. 9. James Smiley, 10. J. J. Crittendeu, 11. Joshua Fry, 12. H. Taylor. William A. Sublett. 7. William Mitchell, 8. Robert H. Dyer, 9. Samuel Hogg. James Caldwell. 11. William Kendall, 12. James Steele, 13. William Skinner, 14. John Bigger. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 471 William Mott, 1. James II. Shepherd, David Todd, 1. David Musick. LOUISIANA. 2. S. Heiriart, MISSOURI. John B. Planche. 3. Pierre Lacoste. James Logan. INDIANA. Elias McNamee, John Carr. 1. David Robb, 2. Jonathan McCarty, 3. Samuel Milroy. Thomas Hinds, 1. James Pattou. William Harrison, 1. Henry Eddy. Reuben Safford, 1. Henry Chambers, James Campbell, 1. Thomas Fillebrown, 2. James Parker, 3. Nathaniel Hobbs, MISSISSIPPI. ILLINOIS. ALABAMA. 2. John Murphy, MAINE. .Lemuel Trescott. 4. Benjamin Chandler, 6. Benjamin Nourse, 6. Rev. Joshua Taylor, 7. Stephen Parsons. Bartlett C. Barry. Alexander P. Field. James Hill. 3. William Fleming. The choice between Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and William H. Craw ford, the three highest on the list of those voted for by the Electoral College for Pres ident, devolved on the House of Representatives. Twenty-four members, one from each State, were appointed Tellers, and they announced as the result of the first ballot : For John Quincy Adams : Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Con necticut, Vermont, New York, Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Louisiana, 13 States. For Andrew Jackson : New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Caro lina, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Indiana, 7 States. For William H. Craw ford : Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia, 4 States. The Speaker then declared that JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, having received a majority of the votes of all the States, was duly elected President. ELEVENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1829. ANDREW JACKSON was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Penn sylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, and Missouri, 1 of the 9 votes of Maine, 20 of the 36 votes of New York, and 5 of the 11 votes of Maryland, 178 in all ; John Quincy Adams receiving the other 83 electoral votes. JOHN C. CALIIOUN was re-elected Vice-President, receiving 171 votes; while Richard Rush had 83 votes, and William Smith 7. The Electors were : Thomas Fillebrown, 1. Simeon Nowell, 4. 2. Joseph Southwick, 5. 3. Joseph Prime, MAINE. Levi Hubbard, James C. Churchill, Jonas Galusha, 1. Ezra Butler, 2. Josiah Dana, George Sullivan, 1. Samuel Quarles, 3. 2. Thomas Woolson, 4. VERMONT. John Phelps, William Jarvis. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Naham Parker, Ezra Bartlett, John S. Kimball. 6. John Moore, 7. Ebeuezer Farley. Asa Aldts. 5. Apollos Austin. William Bixby. 5. Samuel Sparhawk, 6. William Lovejoy. 472 STATISTICAL RECORDS. MASSACHUSETTS. Thomas L. Winthrop, 1. Samuel Lathrop, C. Samuel Jones, 2. Eliel Frost, 7. Baily Bartlett, 3. Jesse Putnam, 8. E. H. Robbins, 4. John Gilbert, 9. Nathan Chandler, 5. Stephen White, Caleb Earle, 1. Stephen B. Cornell, Sylvester Norton, 1. Rufus Hitchcock, 2. Homer Boardman, Moses Rolph, 1. John Garrison, 2. A. D. W. Bruyn, 3. Benjamin Bailey, 4. John Lloyd, 5. John Targee, (5. Alexander Coffin, 7. Gilbert Coutant, 8. Gilbert Eddy, 0. Jacob Odell, 10. A. Van Vechten, 11. Morgan Lewis, 12. E. B. Shearman, RHODE ISLAND. 2. Charles Elbridge. CONNECTICUT. 3. Moses "Warren, 4. George Pratt, NEW YORK. 13. Egbert Jansen, 14. A. Mclntyre, 15. John E. Russell, 16. Salmon Childs, 17. Peter Pine, 18. Peter H. Myers, 19. J. C. Yates, 20. James Campbell, 21. Elkanah Brush, 22. Jesse Smith, 23. Rufus Crane, Edmund Gushing. 10. Oliver Starkweather, 11. Jonathan Davis, 12. Bradford Dhnmick, 13. Seth Sprague. Elisha Watson. Roger Taintor. 5. Charles Hawley. G. W. R. Kibbee. Asaph Stow. 24. Augustus Chapman, 25. Thomas Blakeslee, 26. Benjamin Cotton, 27. Freeborn G. Jevvett, 28. John Beall, 29. William Hildreth, 30. John Taylor, ' 31. James H. Guernsey, 32. Charles Dayan, 33. Shubal Dunham, 34. Ebenezer Walden. NEW JERSEY. Theodore Frelinghuysen, J. J. Ely. 1. A. Learning, 3. A. White, 5. Gabriel Hoff, 2. Abraham Brown, 4. T. Elmer, 6. C. Zabriskie. John B. Gibson. 1. William Findlay, 2. Leonard Rupert, 3. Edward King, 4. Jacob Gearhart, 5. John Lisle, 6. George Barnitz, 7. Jacob Holgate, 8. Jacob Heyser, 9. Samuel Humes, Sr., James Canby, 1. John Adams. PENNSYLVANIA. 10. John Harper, 11. John W. Cunningham, 12. John Scott, 13. George G. Leiper, 14. William Piper, 15. Henry Scheetz, 16. Valentine Giesey, 17. Adam Ritscher, 18. James Gordon, William Thompson. 19. David Hottenstein, 20. John M. Snowden, 21. Peter Frailey, 22. Robert Scott, 23. Francis Baird, 24. Henry Allshouse, 25. Henry Winters, 26. James Duncan. DELAWARE. David Hazard. MARYLAND. William Fitzhugh, Jr., Benjamin F. Forrest. 1. William Tyler, 4. Thomas Emory, 7. Elias Brown, 2. James Sewell, 5. Benjamin C. Howard, 8. Littleton Dennis, 3. John S. Sellman, 6. T. R. Lockerman, 9. Henry Brawner. William C. Holt, 1. Wm. H. McFarland, 2. Ellyson Currie, 3. John Cargill, 4. John W. Green, 6. Thomas M. Nelson, 6. John Gibson, 7. Richard Logan, 8. George Rust, VIRGINIA. 9. James Jones, 10. Jared Williams, 11. William Daniel, 12. Jacob D. Williamson, 13. Joseph Martin, 14. John Bowyer, 15. William F. Gordon, Robert McCandish. 16. John E. George, 17. Wm. Brockenbrough, 18. Andrew Russell, 19. Garret Minor, 20. Joel Shrewsbury, 21. William Jones, 22. John McMillan. STATISTICAL KECOEDS. Robert Love, 1. Montfort Stokes, 2. John Hall, 3. Peter Forney, 4. Joseph J. Williams, 5. John Giles, NORTH CAROLINA. Josiah Crudup. 6. Kedar Ballard, 10. R. D. Spaight, 7. Abraham Phillips, .11. Walter F. Leake, 8. Louis D. Wilson, " 12. E. B. Dudley, 9. John M. Morehead, 13. ( Willie P. Mangum. Sanders Glover, 1. David II. Evans, 2. John McCorab, 3. John Stewart, John Rutherford, 1. Robert R. Reed, 2. John Moore,* 3. David Blackshear, Thomas Miller, 1. Enoch Parsons, Joseph Dunbar, Wiley P. Harris. John B. Planche, Thomas W. Scott, SOUTH CAROLINA. 4. Arthur P. Hayne, 5. David Sloan, 6. Greeu B. Colmi, William Pope, 7. William Johnston, 8. Henry L. Pinckney, 9. Wade Hampton, Jr. GEORGIA. William Terrell. 4. Augustus S. Clayton, 6. John G. MaxWell, 5. Soloumon Graves, 7. Oliver Porter. John Rhea, Samuel Bunch, Alfred Flournoy, Thomas McCorry, ALABAMA. 2. Thomas D. Crabb, MISSISSIPPI. LOUISIANA. Placide Bossier, TENNESSEE. Thomas S. Slaughter, Matthew Lyon, 5. Benjamin Chapeze, 0. Edmund Watkins, 7. John Younger, 8. Ethan Allen Brown, George McCook, 6. John McElvain, 7. William Piatt, 8. Samuel Herrick, 9. James Shields, 10. Benjamin V. Beckes, Jesse B. Durham, 2. John Taylor, Alexander M. Houston. John Bull, Benjamin O'Fallon. Joseph Brown, Benjamin C. Stout, Willie Blount, KENTUCKY. Nathan Gaither, John Sterrit, Tuustall Quarles, Benjamin Taylor, OHIO. George Sharp, Henry Barrington, Walter M. Blake, Thomas Gillespie, Benjamin Jones, INDIANA. William Lowe, ILLINOIS. MISSOURI. John A. Elmore. 3. William Y. Higgins. William Downing. Alexander Mouton. 3. Trasimon Landry. William A. Sublett. 7. Andrew J. Marchbanks, 8. Adam R. Alexander, 9. George Elliott. Reuben Munday. 9. Robert J. Ward, 10. Richard French, 11. Tandy Allen, 12. Thompson Ward. Robert Lucas. 11. Thomas L. Hamer, 12. William Hayne, 13. Valentine Keffer, 14. Hugh McFall Ratliff Boon. 3. Ross Smiley. Richard M. Young. Augustus Jones. TWELFTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1833. ANDREW JACKSON was re-elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Caro lina, Georgia, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illlinois, Alabama, and * John Moore declining to serve, Seaton Grantland was elected by the Legislature. 474 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. Missouri, with three of the eight votes of Maryland, 219. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, received the entire vote of Massachusetts, Ehode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, and Kentucky, with five of the eight votes of Maryland, 49 ; John Floyd received the entire vote of South Carolina, 11 ; and William Wirt the entire vote of Vermont, 7. MAU- TIN VAN BUREN was elected Vice-President, receiving 189 votes ; while John Sergeant had 49 votes, William Wilkins had 30, Henry Lee had 11, and Amos Elmaker had 7. The Electors were : MAINE. Samuel Moore. 4. Elias Burgess, 7. Rowland H. Bridgham, 5. Joseph Sevvall, 8. E. Fletcher. 6. Joseph Kelsey, Nathan Cutler, 1. Isaac Lane, 2. Silas Barnard, 3. J. C. Churchill, Benjamin Peirce, 1. Phineas Parkhurst, 2. Joseph Weeks, James Tarbox, 1. Nathan Leavenworth, 2. John S. Pettibone, Charles Jackson, 1. Thomas H. Perkins, 2. James Byers, 3. Gideon Barstow, 4. Henry Shaw, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Samuel Collins, 4. Moses White, VERMONT. 3. Ezra Butler, 4. Augustus Clarke, MASSACHUSETTS. 5. Ebenezer Moseley, 6. James Richardson, 7. Nathan Brooks, 8. Jotham Lincoln, Samuel Ward King, 1. William Peckhara, 2. Morris Woodruff, 1. John Baldwin, 3. 2. Chester Smith, 4. Edward P. Livingston, 1. Nathaniel Garron, 15. 2. Theophilus S. Morgan, 16. 3. Moses Ralph, 4. David Moulton, 5. Henry Waring, 6. Ebenezer Wood, 7. Gideon Lee, 8. Peter Collier, 9. John Targee, 10. John Hyde, 11. Preserved Fish, 12. Thomas Humphrey, 13. J. W. Hardenbrook, 14. Joseph Reynolds, 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. RHODE ISLAND. Peleg Wilbur. CONNECTICUT. Eli Todd, Oliver H. King, NEW YORK. Abraham Miller, Darius Beutley, William Taber, Samuel Payne, Samuel Hunter, G. Curtis, Peter Crispell, Jr., Seth Thomas, William Deitz, Jonas Seely, Samuel Anable, Oliver Phelps, James Woods, NEW JERSEY. Daniel Vliet, 1. Peter J. Terhune, 2. John M. Perrine, Samuel McKean, 1. C. Garber, 2. William Swilland, 3. John T. Knight, 4. W. Brindle, 6. William Thomson, 6. Adam Light, 7. Edward King, 8. George Barnitz, 9. B. W. Richards, 10. D. Sheffer, 3. Joseph Rogers, 4. James Newell, PENNSYLVANIA. 11. George W. Smick, 12. Frederick Orwan, 13. John Slaymaker, 14. George McCullock, 15. Oliver Alison, 16. John Murray, 17. George G. Leiper, 18. David Gilman, 19. Henry Scheetz, John Holbrook. 5. John Taylor. Amos Thompson. 5. William Strong. E. Mattoon. 9. Aaron Tufts, 10. Cornelius Grinnell, 11. Samuel Lee, 12. Nyinphas Marston. Nathaniel S. Rugglcs. John D. Reynolds. 5. Erastus Sturges, 6. E. Jackson, jr. Amos Buck. 28. Truman Spencer, 29. John N. Quackenbush, 30. Abel Baldwin, 31. Daniel D. Campbell, 32. James Sutherland, 33. John Gale, 34. Calvin T. Chamberlain, 35. Dudley Farlin, 36. Orris Crosby, 37. James B. Spencer, 38. M. A. Andrews, 39. John S. Veeder, 40. Asa Clark, Jr. Aaron Vansyckel. 5. William Munroe, 6. William L. Stiles. David D. Wagener. 20. David Frazier, 21. Adam Ritscher, 22. P. Mulvany, 23. William Addams, 24. J. Patten, 25. John Schall, 26. J. Y. Bauley, 27. J. Rooker, 28. Wilson Smith. STATISTICAL RECOBDS. 47* DELAWARE. George Truitt, C. P. Comegys. 1. H. F. Hall. MARYLAND. R. H. Goldsborough, William Price. 1. J. S. Smith, 3. William Trick, 5. U. S. Heath, 2. William B. Tyler, George Loyall, 1. John Cargill, 2. John Gibson, 3. James Jones, 4. J. Homer, 5. Thomas M. Nelson, 0. H. L. Opie, 7. Archibald Austin, A. W. Venable, 1. Robert Love, 2. I. I. Daniel, 3. George L. Davidson, 4. W. B. Lockhart, 5. Peregrine Roberts, Robert J. Turnbull, 1. W. Thompson, Jr., 2. Samuel Cherry, 3. William Dubose, Beverly Allen, 1. Elias Beall, 2. Henry Jackson, 3. David Blackshear, 4. Albert Constable, VIRGINIA. ; 8. James M. Mason, 9. Richard Logan, 10. John McMillan, 11. Joseph Martin, 12. J. D. Williamson, 13. William Jones, 14. Charles Beale, NORTH CAROLINA. 6. F. Ward, 7. Thomas G. Polk, 8. R. D. Spaight, 9. Thomas Settle, SOUTH CAEOUNA. 4. Thomas Lyles. 5. W. B. Seabrook, 6. Thomas Dugan, GEORGIA. 4. William Terrell, 5. W. B. Bullock, 6. John Whitehead, TENNESSEE. 6. John L. Steele. Samuel Blackwell. 15. VT". H. Roane, 16. Thomas Bland, 17. Samuel Carr, , 18. A. Russell, 19. L. T. Dade, 20. Philip N. Nicholas, 21. A. R. Harwood. J. O. Watson. 10. Owen Holmes, 11. J. M. Morehead, 12. Honry Skinner, 13. Walter F. Leak. Elijah Watson. 7. Benjamin Dart, 8. Joseph S. Shelton, 9. Thomas Evans. Henry Holt. 7. John Floyd, 8. Wilson Williams, 9. Seaton Grantland. M. Aiken, Daniel Bowman. 1. William Snodgrass, 6. William Pillow, 10. David Feutress, 2. J. G. Bostick, 7. Joseph McMillou, 11. John Heara, 3. Jesse Wallace, 8. Willie Blount, 12. B. Coleman, 4. Elliott Hickman, 9. William Stroud, Sr., 13. George Elliott. 5. W. B. A. Ramsey, KENTUCKY. Joseph Eve, Alney McLeon. !. Benjamin Hardiu 6. William Ousley, 10. D. S. Patton, 2. W. K. Wall, 7. Burr Harrison, 11 . E. M. Evving, 3. M. P. Marshall, 8. Thomas Chilton, 12. M. Beatty, 4. J. L. Hickman, 9. John I. Marshalll, 13. Thompson M. Ewing. 5. M. V. Thompson, OHIO. Benjamin Tappan, Joseph J. McDowell. 1. John M. Goodenow, 8. John Chaney, 14. William S. Tracy, 2. Valentine Keffer, 9. Alexander McConnell , 15. George Marshall, 3. I. D. Morris, 10. George Sharpe, 16. Jeremiah McLane, 4.. Isaac Humphreys, 11. Michael Moore, 17. Eli Baldwin, 5. Mark T. Wills, 12. Fisher A. Blocksom, 18. H. J. Harman, 6. Alexander Elliott, 13. John Lavwell, 19. Jonathan Cilley. 7. R. D. Forman. J. B. Planche, 1. Thomas W. Scott, George Boon, 1. W. Armstrong, 2. Alexander J. Burnett, 3. James Blake, LOUISIANA. 2. W. H. Overton, INDIANA. 4. John Ketchum, 5. Arthur Patterson, Alexander Mouton. 3. T. Landry. M. Crune. 6. Thomas Givins, 7. N. B. Palmer. 47G STATISTICAL EECORDS. MISSISSIPPI. William Dowsing, Samuel Hunter. 1. Wiley P. Harris, 2. W. W. Cherry. James Evans, 1. John C. Alexander, Henry King, 1. John J. Winston, 2. William P. Gould, Joel H. Haden, 1. William Blackey, Adams Dunlap. 3. Abner Flack. ILLINOIS. 2. Thomas Ray, ALABAMA. William Edmondson. 3. William R. Pickett, 5. Theophilus Toulmin. 4. George Phillips, MISSOURI. 2. Henry Shurlds. John Hume. THIRTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1837. MARTIN VAN BUUEN was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, Louisiana, Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Michi gan, 170. William H. Harrison received the entire vote of Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana, 73 ; Hugh L. White the vote of Georgia and of Tennessee, 26; Daniel Webster, the vote of Massachusetts, 14; and W. P. Mangum, the vote of South Carolina, 11. RICHARD M. JOHNSON was chosen Vice-President by the Senate, no one having received a majority of the electoral votes, which stood : Richard M. Johnson, 147 ; Francis Granger, 77 ; John Tyler, 47, William Smith, 23. The Electors were : Reuel Williams, 1. Sheldon Hobbs, 2. Joseph Tobin, 3. Jonathan Smith, Jonathan Harvey, 1. Isaac Waldron, 2. G. Gilmore, Jabez Proctor, 1. S. Swift, 2. Titus Hutchinson, Nathaniel Silsbee, 1. E. A. Newton, 2. Leverett Saltonstall, 3. Benjamin Walker, 4. Isaac C. Bates, James Fenner, 1. John D'Wolf, Lorain T. Pease, 1. Alfred Bassett, 2. Seth P. Beers, MAINE. 4. John Hamblen, 5. Benjamin Burgess, 6. William Thompson. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Tristam Shaw, 4. Ebenezer Carlton, VERMONT. 3. David Crawford, 4. W. A. Griswold, MASSACHUSETTS. 6. Loammi Baldwin, G. Thomas Longlay, 7. Samuel Lee, 8. Bezabeel Taft, Jr., RHODE ISLAND. 2. B. B. Thurston. CONNECTICUT. 3. Julius Clark, 4. R. P. Williams, NEW YORK. Cornelius W. Lawrence, 1. Jacob Sutherland, 5. Jacob Crocheron, 2. Gideon Ostrander, 6. Jeremiah Anderson, 3. Moses Rolph, 7. Stephen Allen, 4. John Targec, 8. James Hooker, Shepherd Carey. 7. John H. Jarvis, 8. S. S. Heagan. Josiah Russell. 5. Stephen Gale. T. Howe. 5. Edward Lamb. Samuel Appleton. 9. J. G. Kendall, 10. Howard Lothrop, 11. Charles W. Morgan, 12. Charles J. Holmes. Henry Bull. Luther Warren. 5. Moses Gregory, 6. Carlos Chapman. John Cox. 9. Nathaniel P. Hill, 10. Ichabod Bartlett, 11. Jeremiah Russell, 12. Augustus C. Welch, STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 477 13. Zaclock Pratt, 14. Lyman Strab ridge, 15. Lucas Hoes, 1G. Wliitcombe Phelps, 17. Henry Koon, 18. David Munro, 19. Peter Wendell, 20. Daniel Dickey, 21. Herman Gausevoort, 22. Peleg Slade, William Stevens. 1. John H. Hall, 2. Joshua Burr, 23. John Gale, 24. Alanson M. Knapp, 25. Walcott Tvrell, 2G. Jared Willson, 27. David C. Judson, 28. Elisha Doubleday, 29. Frederick Lammons, 30. Joseph Sibley, 31. Henry Ellison, 32. Samuel Benedict, Jr., 33. Parker Halleck, 34. Daniel H. Bissell, 35. George F. Falley, 36. Thomas J. Wheeler, 37. Orville Hungerford, 38. Guy H. Goodrich, 39. Joshua Babcock, 40. Hiram Gardner. NEW JERSEY. 3. William Brittan, 4. David Beevis, PENNSYLVANIA. James Thompson, 1. Robert Patterson, 11. Gardner Furness, 2. Thomas C. Miller, 12. Asa Mann, 3. Thomas D. Grover, 13. Oliver Allison, 4. William Clark, 14. William R. Smith, 5. Joseph Burden, 15. Henry Myers, G. John Mitchell, 16. S. L. Carpenter, 7. John Naglee, 17. John B. Sterigere, 8. Leonard Rupert, 18. Robert Patterson, 9. Samuel Badger, 19. Henry Chapman, 10. George Kriner, DELAWARE. William W. Morris i 1. H. F. Hall, MARYLAND. Elias Brown, 1. J. B. Ricaud, 4. J. M. Coale, 2. George Howard, 5. Anthony Kimmel, 3. William Price, 6. Robert W. Bowie, Allison Ely. 5. Josiah S. Worth, C. J. Learning. Henry Welsh. 20. Wallace M. Williams, 21. Jacob Kern, 22. James Power, 23. Jacob Dillinger, 24. Robert Orr, 25. Paul Geiger, 26. John Carothers, 27. Calvin Blythe, 28. John P. Davis. William Dunning. David Hoffman. 7. T. Burchenal, 8. Thomas G. Pratt. A. Smith, 1. John Cargill, 2. W. Holladay, 3. James Jones, 4. I. Homer, 5. Wm. R. Baskerville, 6. II. L. Opie, 7. Archibald Austin, Robert Love, 1. George Bower, 2. Nathaniel Macon, 3. John Wilson, 4. W. B. Lockhart, 6. A. Henderson, John Littlejohn, 1. Patrick Noble, 2. Thomas Dugan, 3. D. J. McCord, George R. Gilmer, 1. John W. Campbell, 2. Hovvell Cobb, 3. Gibson Clark, William Smith, 1. John McKinley, 2. John S. Huuter, VIRGINIA. 8. A. S. Baldwin, 9. Richard Logan, 10. J. D. Williamson, 11. A. Stuart, 12. D. B. Layne, 13. H. Hurlgins, 14. A. Bierne, NORTH CAROLINA. 6. G. C. Marchant, 7. John Hill, 8. L. D. Wilson, 9. John Parker, SOUTH CAROLINA. 4. B. T. Elmore, 5. Thomas F. Jones, 6. R. H. Goodwin, GEORGIA. 4. William H. Holt, 6. E. Wimberly, 6. Ambrose Baber, ALABAMA. 3. Thomas D. King, 4. William R. Hallett, Samuel Carr. 15. A. R. Harwood, 16. James Hoge, 17. John Moncure, 18. John Gibson, 19. W. H. Roane, 20. Samuel L. Hays, 21. John Hindman. Josiah O. Watson. 10. W. P. Ferrand, 11. W. A. Morris, 12. Owen Holmes, 13. A. W. Venable. Thomas L. Gourdin. 7. John Frampton, 8. B. K. Hanegan, 9. John Maxwell. Thomas Stocks. 7. Thomas Hamilton, 8. David Merivvether, 9. C. Hines. Robert H. Watkins. 5. William R. Pickett. 478 STATISTICAL KECOEDS. TENNESSEE. Robert J. McKinney, John Gordon. 1. John Nethei-land, 6. T. F. Bradford, 10. S. D. Frierson, 2. W. E. Anderson, 7. James A. Whiteside, 11. Hit-hard Cheatham, 3. Alexander E. Smith, 8. Neil S. Brown, 4. Andrew J. Hoover, 9. Asa Falkner, 5. James Park, 12. L. P. Williamson, 13. William W. Lea. Burr Harrison, 1. Henry Daniel, 6. 2. William K. Wall, 7. 3. Philip Triplett, 8. 4. Robert Wicklitf, 9. 5. D. S. Patton, KENTUCKY. Thomas Metcalf, E. Rumsey, M. P. Marshall, Richard A. Buckner, OHIO. Thomas P. Wilson. 10. J. F. Ballinger, 11. C. Tomkins, 12. Robert P. Letcher, 13. M. Beaty. Benjamin Ruggles, W. C. Kirker. 1. Joshua Collett, 8. John Codding, 14. John P. Coulter, 2. Ira Belknap, 9. Isaiah Morris, 15. Abels Renuick, 3. George P. Torrence, 10. Jarcd P. Kir Hand, 16. John L. Lacy, 4. Samuel Elliott, 11. Alexander Campbell, 17. Christian King, 5. Andrew McCleary, 12. D. Hasbough, 18. Andrew Donnelly, 6. Mordecai Bartley, 13. William Kendall, 19. Samuel Newell. 7. Elijah Huntiugton, MISSISSIPPI. Thomas Hinds, R. H. Grant. 1. B. W. Edwards, 2. II. G. Runnels. LOUISIANA. J. B. Planche, Alexander Mouton. 1. T. U. Scott, 2. P. E. Bossier, 3. T. Laudry. INDIANA. John C. Clendenin, Archilles Williams. 1. Hiram Decker, 4. A. L. White, 6. M. G. Clark, 2. A. W. Morris, 6. Enoch McCarty, 7. A. P. Andrews. 3. Milton Stapp, MISSOURI. George F. Bellinger, William Monroe. 1. John Sappington, 2. A. Bird. ARKANSAS. John Miller, Joshua Morrison. Daniel LeRoy, David C. McKinstry. MICHIGAN. ILLINOIS. John Pearson, A. B. Anthony. William II. Hoeg. Samuel Hachleton. 3. John D. Whitesides. FOURTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1841. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Ten nessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, and Michigan, 234. Martin Van Buren received the entire vote of New Hampshire, Virginia, South Carolina, Illinois, Ala bama, Missouri, and Arkansas, GO. JOHN TYLER was elected Vice-President, receiving 234 votes, while R. M. Johnson had 48, L. W. Tazewell 11, and James K. Polk 1. The Electors were : MAINE. Isaac Ilsley, Thomas Fillebrown. 1. Isaac Hodson, 4. Benjamin P. Gilman, 7. Charles Trafton, 2. E. Robinson, 5. Rufus K. Goodeuow, 8. Thomas Robinson. 3. Samuel Small, 6. J. Huse, STATISTICAL RECORDS. 479 Samuel Burns, 1. John Scott, 2. J. W. Weeks, Samuel C. Crafts, 1. Ezra Mcech, 2. A. B. W. Tenney, Isaac C. Bates, 1. Peleg Sprague 2. Sidney Willard, 3. Richard Houghton, 4. Ira M. Barton, Nicholas Brown, 1. George Eugs, H. Spencer, 1. James Brewster, 2. P. Pearl, James Bnrt, 1. Abraham ilose, 2. H. Watson, 3. John T. Harrison, 4. G. P. Griffith, 5. John L. Lawrence, G. A. Mclntyre, 7. Joseph Tucker, 8. E. Stimson, 9. J. P. Phoenix, 10. Josiah Hand, 11. Richard S. Williams, 12. K. P. Cool, 13. P. Van Cortlandt, 14. Jonathan Wallace, Lewis Condict, 1. C. Stepton, 2 Samuel G. Wright, J. A. Shulze, 1. J. Ritner, 2. J. K. Zeilin, 3. L. Pass more, 4. Robert Stimson, 6. J. P. Wetherell, G. W. S. Hendrie, 7. Thomas P. Cope, 8. I. J. Ross, 9. P. Gillinsham, 10. Peter Filbert, Benjamin Caulk, 1. Peter J. Causey. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. Samuel Hatch, 4. P. Holbrook, VERMONT. 3. William Henry, 4. William P. Brigg MASSACHUSETTS. 5. S. C. Phillips, 6. George Grinnel, Jr., 7. Samuel Mixter, 8. Joseph Tripp, RHODE ISLAND. 2. William Rhodes. CONNECTICUT. 3. A. Larrabee, 4. P. Bierce, NEW YORK. 15. B. White, 16. H. P. Voorhies, 17. N. Dubois, 18. Thomas Burch, 19. Peter G. Sharp, 20. P. B. Porter, 21. John I. Knox, 22. Albert Crane, 23. Peter Pratt, 24. Charles Bradish, 25. E. Merrick, 26. Gideon Lee, 27. J. Livingston, NEW JERSEY. 3. James Sliff, 4. Thomas Newbold, PENNSYLVANIA. 11. A. Ellmaker, 12. William Addams, 13. John Harper, 14. B. Connelly, Jr., 15. William Mcllvaiu, 16. Joseph Markle, 17. J. Dickson, 18. J. G. Fordyce, 19. J. McKeehan, DELAWARE. S. Perley. 5. Andrew Paine, Jr. John Conaut. 5. Joseph Reed. Rufus Longley. 9. Thomas French, 10. Jolm B. Thomas, 11. W. Wood, 12. J. Z. Goodrich. W. Weeden. Reuben Booth. 5. J. Greene, G. J. S. Peters. Elisha Jenkins. 28. Grattan H. Wheeler, 29. Isaac Ogden, 30. William Garbutt, 31. Samuel Balcorn, 32. P. L. Tracey. 33. I. I. Speed, Jr., 34. John Wheeler, 35. D. Hibbard, 36. PhiloOrton, 37. John Williams, 38. H. R. Seymour, 39. B. D. Noxen, 40. Davis Hurd. MARYLAND. David Hoffman, 1. J. L. Keer, 4. Richard J. Bowie, 2. George Howard, 5. Jacob A. Preston, 3. Theodore R. Lockerman, G. James M. Coale, John Runk. 5. J. M. Ryerson, 6. Joshua Townsend. A. R. Mcllvain. 20. T. M. T. McKennan, 21. John Reed, 22. H. Denny, 23. A. B. Wilson, 24. Joseph Buffington, 25. N. Middleswarth, 26. Henry Black, 27. George Walker, 28. John Dick. H. P. Hall. J. P. Kennedy. 7. W. T. Woolton, 8. Thomas A. Spence, 480 STATISTICAL RECORDS. A. Smith, 1. J. Cargill, 2. Archibald Stuart, 3. James Jones, 4. William Tod, 5. William II. Baskeville, 6. A. Brockenbrough, 7. Charles Yancey, James Welborn, 1. Charles McDowell, 2. J. B. Kelly, 3. D. Ramsour, 4. James Mebane, 5. A. liencher, John Crawford, 1. J. J. Caldwell, 2. W. H. Cannon, 3. A. Mazyck, George E. Gilmer, 1. D. L. Clinch, 2. W. W. Ezzard, 3. J. W. Campbell, Willam K. Hallett, 1. B. M. Lowe, 2. Benjamin Fitzpatrick, S. S. Prentiss, 1. J. J. Stewart, E. H. Foster, 1. S. Jarnagin, 2. J. F. Morford, 3. Thomas D. Arnold, 4. Thomas L. Bransford, VIRGINIA. 8. John Gibson, 9. J. B. Halybirton, 10. J. D. Williamson, 11. J. T. Randolph, 12. William Taylor. 13. W. Holliday, 14. A. C. Chapman, Richard Logan. 15. J. Homer, 16. James Hoge, 17. Richard E. Byrd, 18. William Byers, 19. William A. Harris, 20. Benjamin Brown, 21. John Hurdman. NORTH CAROLINA. D. F. Caldwell. 6. William W. Cherry, 10. Joslah Collins, 7. James S. Smith, 11. William L. Long, 8. Thomas F. Jones, 12. James W. Bryan, 9. Charles Manly, 13. Daniel B. Baker. SOUTH CAROLINA. 4. J. Buchanan, 5. H. J. Johnson, 6. F. J. Goodwyn, GEORGIA. 4. C. B. Strong, 5. Joel Crawford, 6. E. Wimberly, J. L. Jeter. 7. W. McWillie, 8. J. Jenkins, 9. John L. Ashe. A. Miller. 7. Charles Dougherty, 8. J. Whitehead. 9. S. Grantlaucl. ALABAMA. Joseph P. Frazier, 3. M. F. Rainey, 5. J. Murphy. 4. Benjamin Reynolds, MISSISSIPPI. 2. Henry Dickenson. TENNESSEE. 6. William P. Senter, 6. James O. Janes, 7. A. A. Anderson, 8. D. W. Dickenson, KENTUCKY. Thomas J. Word. Thomas J. Campbell. 9. J. H. Cahal, 10. G. A. Henry, 11. E. J. Shields, 12. George W. Gibbs. Richard A. Buckner, Charles G. Wintersmith. 1. James T. Morehead, 6. Daniel Breck, 10. M. P. Marshall, 2. Thomas W. Riley, 7. James W. Irwin, 11. James Harlau, 3. Robert Patterson, 8. R. II. Menefee, ' 12. A. Beatty, 4. William H. Field, 9. B. Y. Ousley, 13. W. W. Southgate. 5. Iredell Hart, OHIO. William R. Putnam, Reasin Beall. 1. Alexander Mayhew, 8. Aquila Toland, 14. John Carey, 2. Henry Harter, 9. Perley B. Johnson, 15. David King, 3. A. Spafl'ord, 10. John Dukes, 16. Storm Rosa, 4. Joshua Collett, 11. Otho Brashear, 17. John Beatty, 5. Abram Miley, 12. James Raquet, 18. John Augustine, 6. Samuel F. Vinton, 13. C. S. Miller, 19. John Jameson. 7. John I. Vanmeter, , INDIANA. J. McCarty, Joseph G. Marshall. 1. J. W. Payne, 4. James H. Cravens, 6. William Herod, 2. Joseph L. White, 5. Caleb B. Smith, 7. Samuel C. Sample. 3. Richard W. Thompson, ILLINOIS. A. W. Snyder, J. A. McClernand. 1. Isaac P. Walker, 2. James H. Ralston, 3. I. W. Eldridge. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 481 MICHIGAN. Thomas J. Drake, H. G. Wells. 1. J. Vau Fossen. LOUISIANA. William De Buys, Jacques Dupre. 1. J. Birnard, 2. S. Lewis, 3. L. Barras. A. Byrd, 1. E. Dobyns, John McClellen, 1. John Miller. MISSOURI. 2. W. G. Meriwether. ARKANSAS. James Holman. Samuel M. Kutherford. FIFTEENTH PKESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1845. JAMES K. POLK was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Louis iana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, and Michigan, 170. Henry Clay received the vote of Ehode Island, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio, 105. GEORGE M. DALLAS was elected Vice-President, receiving 170 votes, while T. Frelinghuysen had 105. The Electors were : James W. Bradbury, 1. John Stickney, 4. 2. Ichabod Jordan, 6. 3. Alfred Pierce, William Badger, 1. John McNeil, 3. 2. E. Sawyer, Abbott Lawrence, 1. Lewis Strong, 5. 2. Charles Allen, 6. 3. N. Appleton, 7. 4. W. B. Calhoun, MAINE. Levi Morrill, J. A. Lowell, NEW HAMPSHIRE. E. E. Currier, MASSACHUSETTS. J. P. Allen, C. B. Eising, Homer Bartlett, John Foster. 6. Thomas Bartlett, 7. Nathaniel Eobinson. Isaac Hale. 4. J. L. Putnam. A. E. Thompson. 8. Elijah Vose, 9. W. Baylies, 10. Seth Crowell. Benjamin Weaver, 1. Stephen Steere, Clark Bissell, 1. Charles W. Eockwell, 2. Joseph L. Gladding, J. H. Harris, 1. John Pick, 2. Benjamin Swift, 2. 3. EHODE ISLAND. John Greene. N. F. Dixon (the elder). CONNECTICUT. S. A. Foote, VERMONT. 3. C. Townsley, NEW YORK. Benjamin F. Butler, John 1 1. Daniel S. Dickenson, 13. J. J. Cocldington, 24. 2. Clemence Whitaker, 14. Daniel Dana, 25. 3. Hugh Halsey, 15. Daniel Johnson, 26. 4. A. Doane, 16. John Gillett, 27. 6. H. Thompson, 17. J. Crawford, 28. 6. Thomas H. Hubbard, 18. J. E. Bogardus, 29. 7. George Douglass, 19. William Murrey, 30. 8. L. Pettengill, 20. J. Boynton, 31. 9. Neil Cray, 21. Jacobus Hoerolnburgh, 32. 10. William Mason, 22. E. Johnson, 33. 11. W. S. Havemayer, 23. J. L. Hogeboom, 34. 12. H. Potts, 31 N. O. Kellogg. 4. Truman Smith. C. Coolidge. 4. E. Fairbanks. Nellis. . John Lapham, N. M. Martin, J. D. Higgins, . J. K. Page, E. H. Shankland, John Savage, J. Hascall, Jr., William Hedding, Eufus H. Smith, John Fay, A. Hogeboom. 482 STATISTICAL RECORDS. J. B. Aycrigg, 1. Charles Reeves, 2. E. Y. Rogers, NEW JERSEY. 3. E. Q. Keasbeg, 4. James Stewart, Wilson McCandless, 1. Asa Dimock, 9. 2. N. W. Sample, 10. 3. G. F. Lehman, 11. 4. William Heidenrich, 12. 5. Christian Kneass, 13. G. Conrad Shimer, 14. 7. William H. Smith, 15. 8. Stephen Baldy, 16. PENNSYLVANIA. John Hill, I. Brewster, Samuel E. Leech, George Schnable, Samuel Camp, N. B. Eldred, William N. Irvine, John Matthews, John Emly. 6. A. Godwin. Jesse Sharp. 17. James Woodburn, 18. William Patterson, 19. Hugh Montgomery, 20. A. Burke, 21. Isaac Ankeny, 22. John M. Gill, 23. C. Meyers, 24. Robert Orr. DELAWARE. Alfred Dupont, Thomas Davis. 1. Enoch Spruance. MARYLAND. William M. Gaither, William Price. 1. James B. Ricaud, 3. Thomas S. Alexander, 5. H. E. Wright, 2. C. K. Stewart, 4. A. W. Bradford, 6. Samuel Hambleton. John S. Millson, 1. Thomas Wallace, 2. Richard Coke, Jr., 3. R. H. Baptiste, 4. H. Bedinger, 5. William Daniel, VIRGINIA. 6. G. B. Samuels, 7. A. Stuart, 8. James Hoge, 9. Thomas J. Randolph, 10. H. S. Kane, W. H. Roane. 11. William Smith, 12. R. A. Thompson, 13. William P. Taylor, 14. Joseph Johnson, 15. William S. Morgan. NORTH CAROLINA. William W. Cheny, Josiah Collins. 1. R. B. Gilliam, 4. M. Q. Waddell, 7. James W. Osborne, 2. W. H. Washington, 5. John Kern, 8. J. Horton, 3. D. B. Baker, 6. A. H. Shepard, 9. John Baxter. SOUTH CAROLINA. F. H. Elmore, 1. J. D. Wetherspoou, 4. T. B. Skipper, 2. H. C. Young, 5. L. Boozer, 3. F. W. Huey. GEORGIA. Charles J. McDonald, 1. B. Graves, 4. Charles Murphy, F. W. Pickens. 6. William Cairn, 7. R. De Treville. 2. H. V. Johnson, 3. R. M. Charlton, P. Triplett, 1. B. M. Crenshaw, 2. W. W Southgate, 3. Benjamin Hardin, 4. W. R. Grigsby, Thomas Corwin, 1. Bellamy Storer, - 2. Samson Mason, 3. W. Bebb, 4. D. J. Cory, 5. A. Harlan, 6. J. Scott, 7. R. W. Clark, John Bell, 1. G. A. Henry, 2. J. H. Crozier, 3. J. A. R. Nelson, 4. D. L. Barriuger, 5. William F. Saudford, 6. George W. Towers, KENTUCKY. 5. I. K. Underwood, 6. W. J. Gram, 7. R. A. Patterson, OHIO. 8. David Adams, 9. Joseph Olds, 10. D. S. Norton, 11. W. W. Conklin, 12. James K. Holcombe, 13. H. Chapin, 14. J. Crooks, Alfred Iverson. 7. William B. Wofford, 8. Eli H. Baxter. Greene Adams. 8. Leslie Coombs, 9. John Kincard, 10. L. W. Andrews. Peter Hitchcock. 15. T. W. Bostwick, 16. W. R. Sapp, 17. J. W. Gill, 18. Cyrus Spink, 19. J. H. Baldwin, 20. W. S. Perkins, 21. John Fuller. TENNESSEE. Robert L. Caruthers. 5. R. H. Hynds, 9. H. L. Bransford, 6. N. S. Brown, 10. William T. Haskell, 7. Thomas R. Jennings, 11. Robertson Topp. 8. J. D. Tyler, STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 483 G. Leonard, 1. T. Landry, 2. T. W. Scott, A. Fox, 1. J. W. Matthews, 2. Jos. Bell, James G. Heed, 1. William A. Bowles, 2. Elijah Newland, 3. J. M. Johnston, 4. Samuel E. Perkins, A. W. Cavarly, 1. J. D. Wood, 2. John Dement, 3. Willis Allen, Lewis Beaufait, 1. P. S. Paulding, E. B. Wathall, 1. W. R. Hallett, 2. Dixon Hall, 3. Thomas S. Mays, W. W. Izard, 1. W. S. Oldham. James S. Green, 1. W. P. Hall, 2. William Shields, LOUISIANA. 3. A. E. Mouton, MISSISSIPPI. 3. H. S. Foote, INDIANA. 5. William W. Wick, 6. P. C. Dunning, 7. Austin M. Puett, ILLINOIS. 4. Isaac N. Arnold, 6. A. C. French, MICHIGAN. 2. Charles P. Bush, ALABAMA. 4. J. J. Winston, 6. J. A. Nooe, ARKANSAS. MISSOURI. 3. W. C. Jones, 4. Franklin Cannon, J. B. PlanchS. 4. S. W. Downes. R. H. Boone. 4. Jefferson Davis.. G. N. Fitch. 8. H. W. Ellsworth, 9. Charles W. Cathcart, 10. John Gilbert. William A. Richardson. 6. John Calhoun. 7. Norman H. Purple. George Redflelcl. 3. Samuel Axford. Daniel Hubbard. 6. Jeremiah Clemens, 7. William B. Martin. Solon Borland. William A. Hall. 5. William L. Sublette. SIXTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1849. ZACHARY TAYLOR was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Mas sachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylva nia, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, and Florida, 1G3 votes. Lewis Cass received the entire vote of Maine, New Hamp shire, Virginia, South Carolina, Ohio, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Mis souri, Arkansas, Michigan, Texas, Iowa, and Wisconsin, 127 votes. MILLARD FILL- MORE was elected Vice-President, receiving 163 votes ; while William O.Butler received 127. The Electors were : MAINE. Rufus Mclntire, 1. H. J. Anderson, 2. A. Wiswell, 3. O. L. Sanborn, Samuel Tilton, 1. Joseph H. Smith, 2. J. Eastman, Levi Lincoln, 1. F. D wight, 2. D. Adams, 3. Albert Fearing, 4. Isaac Livermore, 4. A. Masters, 5. E. L. Osgood, Thomas D. Robinson. 6. Asa Clark, 7. D. R. Straw. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 3. R. H. Ayer, Jesse Bowers. 4. Simeon Warner. MASSACHUSETTS. 5. B. F. Thomas, 6. M. Lawrence, 7. A. Howland, David Pingree. 8. H. A. S. Dearborn, 9. William Baylies, 10. William K. Easton. 484 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. William Sprague, 1. J. T. Ehodes, RHODE ISLAND. 2. E. Babcock. CONNECTICUT. Thomas S. Williams, 1. Solomon Olmsted, 3. John McClellan, 2. E. Jackson, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 0. 7. 8. 9. 10, 11. 12. Erastus Fairbanks, George T. Pledges, 3. A. Tracy, II. II. Ross, A. T. Rose, George Benson, J. M. Cross, J. C. Cruger, D. Lord, T. D. Bull, Jo. Hoxie, J. S. Smith. J. Whittemore, Robert Dorian, J. Seymour, C. F. Crosby, John Runk, 1. J. Brick, 2. Robert V. Armstrong, VERMONT. A. L. Catlin, NEW YORK. J. McKie, B. J. Clark, S. Freeman, J. A. Collier, I. C. Duff, J. Bradley, William B. Welles, Daniel Larkin, Charles R. Barstow, O. Poole, D. Kellogg, NEW JERSEY. 3. Charles Burroughs, 4. C. Howell, 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas M. T. McKennan, 1. John P. Sanderson, 9. Thomas W. Duffleld, 10. William Mcllvaine, 11. J. Duugan, 12. Charles W. Fisher, 13. Daniel E. Hitner, 2. W. G. Hurly, 3. J. G. Clarkson, 4. Francis Tyler, 5. J. P. Wetherill, 6. H. Johnson, 7. J. M. Davis, 8. William Calder, P. Reybold, 1. G. H. Wright. W. L. Gaither, 1. Joseph S. Cottman, 2. J. P. Roman, J. S. Millson, 1. F. E. Rives, 2. Henry A. Wise, 3. H. L. Hopkins, 4. Thomas Sloane, 5. W. P. Bocock, Kenneth Rayner, 1. Edward Stanley, 2. W. A. Washington, 3. George Davis, 14. A. G. Curtin, 15. J. D. Steele, 16. Thomas R. Davidson, DELAWARE. MARYLAND. 3. J. M. S. Causin, 4. J. M. Starris, VIRGINIA. 6. G. B. Samuels, 7. W. M. Tredvvay, 8. John Letcher, 9. S. F. Leake, 10. John B. Floyd, NORTH CAROLINA. 4. J. Winslovv, 5. John Kerr, 6. Ravvley Galloway, SOUTH CAROLINA. Benjamin F. Perry, 1 . Thomas Lehre, 4. W. J. Hanna, 2. J. L. Manning, 5. N. R. Eaves, 3. P. C. Caldvvell, George G. King. Thomas W. Williams. 4. J. B. Ferris. Timothy Follett, 4. E. Cleveland. George Griswold. 24. B. F. Harwood, 25. S. Francher, 26. J. Davenport, 27. E. Sheldon, 28. D. E. Sill, 29. M. Butterfleld, 30. William Kelchum, 31. E. D. Smith, 32. O. P. Haskell, 33. AsaChatfleld, 34. Solomon Parmalee. Isaac V. Brown. 5. Peter I. Ackerman. Charles Snyder. 17. I. Landes, 18. Joseph Markle, 19. Joseph Schomacher, 20. David Agnew, 21. A. M. Loomis, 22. Thomas H. Sill, 23. Richard Irwin, 24. Samuel A. Purviance. Samuel Cotts. A. G. Ege. 6. B. C. Wicker, 6. J. C. Derickson. R. G. Scott. 11. J. S. Barbour, Sr., 12. A. G. Pendleton, 13. H. A. Washington, 14. Samuel L. Haynes. 15. O. W. Largeflt. H. W. Miller. 7. Jas. W. Osborne, 8. Tod R. Caldwell, 9. John Baxton. Alexander Ervins. 6. J. B. Campbell, 7. Benjamin G. Allston. STATISTICAL BECOBDS. 485 William Terrell, 1. H. W. Sharpe, 2. W. Aiken, 3. William H. Crawford, A. Dixon, 1. L. Lindsay, 2. J. L. Johnson, 3. F. E. McLean, 4. William Chenault, James C. Jones, 1. T. A. R. Nelson, 2. A. G. Watkins, 3. R. B. Brabson, 4. John L. Goodall, L. Byington, 1. J. Sniden, 2. George Kesling, 3. J. Kinney, 4. G. Volney Dorsey, 5. C. M. Godfrey, G. S. Diffenderfer, 7. S. M. Littell, GEORGIA. 4. Ashbury Hull, 6. A. W. Redding, 6. Y. P. King, KENTUCKY. 6. T. W. Lisle, 6. M. D. McHenry, 7. B. R. Young, TENNESSEE. 5. William Kercheval, 6. S. E. Rose, 7. J. S. Brien, 8. William Cullom, OHIO. 8. D. T. Swinney, 9. Lewis Anderson, 10. John Lidey, 11. William Lawrence, 12. William J. Fry, 13. Joseph Burns, 14. W. McDonald, Jacques Joutant, 1. M. J. Garcia, 2. C. Adams, Jr., J. A. Quitman, 1. D. B. Wright, 2. J. A. Ventress, Robert Dale Owen, 1. N. Albertson, 2. C. L. Dunham, 3. William M. McCarty, 4. Charles H. Test, LOUISIANA. 3. John Moore, MISSISSIPPI. 3. William McWillie, INDIANA. 5. James Ritchey, 6. George W. Carr, 7. I. M. Hanna, I. Manning, 1. M. Sweney, 2. C. Lansing, 3. William Martin, John A. Winston, 1. J. E. Saunders, 2. Lewis M. Stone, 3. Francis S. Lyon, J. C. Welborn, 1. Abraham McKinney, 2. B. T. Massey, John Martin, 1. James Yell. ILLINOIS. 4. H. W. Vandervier, 5. S. S. Hayes, ALABAMA. 4. James Armstrong, 6. J. J. Seibels, MISSOURI. 3. E. B. Ewing, 4. James H. Rolfe, ARKANSAS. Seaton Grantlaud. 7. William Moseley, 8. George Stapleton. M. V. Thomson. 8. Leslie Coombs, 9. A. Trumbo, 10. W. C. Marshall. John Netherland. 9. A. Goodrich, 10. G. D. Searcy, 11. C. H. Williams. Samuel Starkweather. 15. D. A. Starkweather, 16. J. B. Butler, 17. H. B. Payne, 18. A. Ives, 19. John Caldwell, 20. John Glover, 21. Van S. Murphy. J. P. Benjamin. 4. J. G. Campbell. J. W. Chalmers. 4. G. W. L. Smith. E. M. Chamberlain. 8. Daniel Mace, 9. G. N. Fitch, 10. A. J. Harlan. Ferris Foreman. 6. M. E. Hollister, 7. W. L. Furgerson. Columbus W. Lee. 6. C. C. Clay, Jr., 7. James F. Dowdell. G. D. Hall. 5. TristamPolk. John S. Krane. John S. Barry, 1. Rix Robinson, MICHIGAN. 2. H. C. Thurber, L. M. Mason. 3. William T. Howell. 48G STATISTICAL RECORDS. TLORIDA. Jackson Morton, 1. J. H. Mclatosh. TEXAS. James B. Miller, 1. William C. Young, 2. M. A. Dooley. IOWA. A. C. Dodge, 1. Joseph Williams, 2. Lincoln Clark. WISCONSIN. F. Huebschmann, 1. William Dinwiddie, 2. D. P. Mapes. Samuel Spencer. T. G. Brooks. J. S. Selman. Samuel F. Nicholas. SEVENTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1853. FRANKLIN PIERCE was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Ehode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl- A r ania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, and California, 254. Wiufleld Scott received the vote of Vermont, Massachusetts, Tennessee, and Kentucky, 42. WILLIAM R. KINO was elected Vice-President, receiving 254 votes ; while William A. Graham had 42. The Electors were : R. Mclutire, 1. G. F. Shepley, 2. R. Lowell, H. Hubbard, 1. J. A. Douglass, Portus Baxter, 1. E. P. Walton, R. C. Winthrop, 1. George Bliss, 2. J. Gardner, 3. R. G. Shaw, 4. George Coggswell, George Turner, 1. A. Eddy, MAINE. 3. J. II. Fuller, 4. O. Moses, NEW HAMPSHIRE. 2. S. Webster, VERMONT. 2. E. Kirkland, MASSACHUSETTS. 5. E. Torrey, 6. George A. Crocker, 7. Amos Lawrence, 8. Daniel C. Baker, RHODE ISLAND. 2. J. Spink. Thomas H. Seymour, 1. A. P. Hyde, 3. 2. Charles Parker, S. B. Piper, 1. P. S. Crooke, 12. 2. E. B. Litchfleld, 13. 3. R. T. Compton, 14. 4. J. M. Marsh, ' 15. 5. I. Murphy, 16. 6. William H. Cornell, 17. 7. G. F. Conover, 18. 8. A. F. Vache, 19. 9. E. Suffern, 20. 10. Alexander Thompson, 21. 11. Zadock Pratt, 22. CONNECTICUT. S. Bingham, NEW YORK. L. Van Buren, J. Pierson, J. W. Bishop, C. Vosburgh, Thomas Crook, W. C. Crain, William Taylor, C. S. Grinneil, W. C. Beardsley, L. J. Walvvorth, D. A. Ogden, J. C. Talbot. 5. D. Richardson, 6. J. W. Tabor. Jones. 3. N. B. Baker. P. Lyman. 3. L. Adams. J. H. W. Page. 9. J. Coggin, 10. R. Bullock, 11. E. R. Colt. A. Ballou. N. Belcher. 4. William F. Taylor. Charles O'Connor. 23. T. H. Hubbard, 24. T. G. McDowell, 25. S. G. Hathaway, 26. F. C. Divinny, 27. D. De Wolf, 28. D. Warners, 29. J. C. Collins, 30. T. B. Skinner, 31. William Vandervoort, 32. W. L. G. Smith, 33. Benjamin Chamberlain. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 487 NEW JERSEY. Peter D. Vroom, William Wright. 1. William S. Bo wen, 3. P. B. Kennedy, 5. E. A. Stevens. 2. G. Black, 4. J. N. Taylor, II. McCandless, 1. N. B. Eldred, 2. Peter Logan, 3. George H. Martin, 4. I. Miller, 5. F. W. Bockius, G. R. MCoy, Jr., 7. A. Apple, 8 N. Strickland, 9. A. Peters, J. Merritt, 1. Henry Bacon. R. M. McLane, 1. J. Parren, 2. R. H. Alvey, PENNSYLVANIA. 10. D. Fister, 11. R. E. J,ames, 12. J. Mclieyuolds, 13. Pardon Dainon, 14. H. C. Eyer, 15. J. Clayton, 16. Isaac Robinson, 17. H. Fetten, DELAWARE. MARYLAND. 3. Carroll Spence, 4. C. J. M. Gwinne, VIRGINIA. Robert Patterson. 18. J. Buruside, 19. M. McCaslIn, 20. J. McDonald, 21. W. S. Callahan, 22. A. Burke, 23. William Dunn, 24. J. S. McCalmont, 25. George K. Barrett. William I. Clark. C. Humphries. 5. J. A. Wickes, 6. E. K. Wilson. 1. 2. 8. 4. 5. I. 2. 3. M. Cooke, T. Rives, W. E. Flournoy, J. Goode, Jr., R. G. Scott, H. A. Wise, James C. Dobbin, Burton Craige, W. F. Leak, Robert P. Dick, 6. R. L. Montague, 7. James Barbour, 8. R. Tucker, 9. George E. Deneale, NORTH CAROLINA. 4. A. Rencher, 5. L. O. B. Branch, 6. Samuel J. Person, A. H. Dillard. 10. James McDowell, 11. J. B. Floyd, 12. M. H. Johnson, 13. Z. Kidwell. William H. Thomas. 7. D. G. W. Ward, 8. Thomas Bragg. G. Cannon, 1. J. H. Adams, 2. R. F. W. Allston, Wilson Lumpkin, 1. T. M. Foreman, 2. R. H. Clarke, 3. H. G. Lamar, Jesse Coe, 1. J. C. Smith. J. A. Winston, 1. F. S. Lyon, 2. J. S. Seibels, 3. C. W. Lee, E. C. Wilkinson, 1. W. H. Johnson, 2. 0. R. Singleton, E. Warren Moise, 1. J. B. Planche, 2. Thomas O. Moore, George W. Smyth, 1. L. D. Evans. SOUTH CAROLINA. 3. I. F. Marshall, 4. M. E. Cam, GEORGIA. 4. H. A. Haralson, 6. I. E. Brown, 6. William L. Mitchell, FLORIDA. Thomas P. Brockman. 5. W. D. Porter, 6. C. G. Memminger. H. V. Johnson. 7. R. W. Flournoy, 8. William Schley. ALABAMA. 4. L. M. Stone, 5. James Armstrong, MISSISSIPPI. 3. J. H. R. Taylor, 4. U. S. Featherston, LOUISIANA. 3. T. Landry, TEXAS. McQueen Mclntosh. E. Saunders. 6. C. C. Clay, Jr., 7. J. S. Dowdell. A. M. Jackson. 6. Hiram Casseday. T. G. Davidson. 4. R. W. Richardson. R. S. Neighbors. 488 STATISTICAL KECOEDS. H. M. Kector, 1. T. B Flournoy, G. A. Henry, 1. N. G. Taylor, 2. H. Maynard, 3. George Brown, 4. S. M. Fite, J. P. Bell, 1. L. Anderson, 2. J. S. McFarland, 3. J. G. Rogers, 4. Thomas E. Bramlette. W. McLean. 1. B. Burns, 2. J. B. Damble, 3. Charles Rule, 4. William Golden, 6. G. W. Stokes, G. O. Keyser, 7. 11. C. Cunningham, J. S. Barry, 1. A. Edwards, 2. William McCauley, John Pettit, 1. J. H. Lane, 2. A. P. Morrison, 3. J. P. Read, 4. W. 6. Larabee, J. A. McClelland, 1. John Calhouu, 2. E. G. Sanger, 3. E. P. Perry, E. D. Bevritt, 1. H. P. Gary, 2. Wm. D. McCracken, 3. C. P. Jackson, J. E. Pletcher, 1. A. Hall, M. M. Cothren, 1. B. Brown, W. S. Sherwood, 1. J. W. Gregory, ARKANSAS. 2. B. T. Duval. TENNESSEE. 6. J. Stokes, G. J. M. Davidson, 7. E. R. Osborne, J. A. Carter. William T. Haskell. 8. J. A. McEwen, 9. A. G. Shrewsbury, 10. J. R. Moseby. KENTUCKY. Charles S. Morehead. 5. J. L. Helm, 8. J. Rodman, 6. C. P. Burnan, 9. L. M. Cox, 7. Thomas P. Marshall, 10. Thomas B. Stevenson. OHIO. 8. H. J. Jewett, 9. E. G. Dial, 10. W. O. Key, 11. L. H. Steedraan, 12. C. H. Mitchener, 13. C. J. Orton, 14. E. T. McArtor, MICHIGAN. 3. Salmer Sharpe, INDIANA. 6. Jas. S. Athon, 6. George B. Buell, 7. Jas. S. Hester, 8. Samuel A. Hall, ILLINOIS. 4. Vierby Benedict, 5. D. L. Gregg, 6. E. O'Melveny, MISSOURI. 4. J. D. Stevenson, 6. C. P. Holly, IOWA. 2. W. E. Lefflngwell. WISCONSIN. 2. Philo White, CALIFORNIA. 2. Andrew Pico. William Palmer. 15. Joseph Kyle, 16. J. Finley, 17. P. Cleveland, 18. S. D. Harris, 19. E. T. Wilder, 20. E. H. Haines, 21. B. T. Johnson. D. J. Campau, 4. John Stockton. Nathaniel Balton. 9. E. Dumont, 10. A. H. Brown, 11. J. M. Talbot. Richard J. Hamilton. 7. Jas. Mahou, 8. Joseph Knox, 9. C. A. Warren. Alexander Kayser. 6. J. M. Gatewood, 7. Robert E. Acock. George H. Williams. Charles Billinghurst. 3. S. Clark. Thomas J. Henley. EIGHTEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1857. JAMES BUCHANAN was elected President, receiving the entire electoral vote of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Indiana, Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas, Florida, Texas, and California, 173. John C. Premont received the entire vote of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, STATISTICAL EEOOEDS. 489 New York, Ohio, Michigan, Iowa, and Wisconsin, 114. Millard Fillmore received the vote of Maryland, 8. JOHN C. BUECKINRIDGE was elected Vice-President, receiving 173 votes ; while \V. L. Dayton had 114, and A. J. Donelson 8. The Electors were : Noah Smith, Jr., 1. James Morton, 2. Isaac Gross, W. H. H. Bailey, 1. Daniel Clark, W. C. Bradley, 1. L. Brainard, Thomas Colt, 1. J. Vinson, 2. A. B. Wheeler, 3. G. R. Kussell, 4. George Odiorne, E. W. Lawton, 1. William P. Bullock, H. Dutton, 1. Thomas Clark, 2. E. Spencer, M. H. Grinnell, 1. J. S. Wadsworth, 2. E. Field, 3. M. Tompkins, 4. J. P. Jones. 5. J. P. Stanton, 6. E. Cooke. 7. James Kennedy, 8. R. A. Barnard, 9. H. Kaster, 10. J. G. McMurray, 11. J. Kelly, E. A. Stevens, 1. Benjamin F. Lee, 2. H. L. Little, MAINE. 3. K. Crockett, 4. E. Swan, S. Perham. 5. A. P. Emerson, 6. M. H. Pike. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Thomas L. Whitton. 2. Thomas M. Edwards, 3. J. H. White. VERMONT. 2. John Porter, George W. Strong. 3. Portus Baxter. MASSACHUSETTS. Julius Rockwell. 6. L. B. Marsh, 9. J. S. C. Knowlton, 6. George H. Devereux, 10. Charles E. Forbes, 7. James M. Usher, 11. Franklin Eipley. 8. J. Nesmith, RHODE ISLAND. 2. William D. Brayton. Isaac Saunders. CONNECTICUT. J. Catlin. 3. Wm. A. Buckingham, 4. S. W. Gold. NEW YORK. 12. II. H. Van Dyck, 13. J. S. Belcher, 14. J. C. Hulbert, 15. D. D. Conover, 1C. J. D. Kingslaud, 17. S. Stilwell, 18. D. Cady, 19. R. S. Ilughston, 20. W. S. Sayre, 21. J. S. Lynch, 22. D. H. Marsh, NEW JERSEY. 8. D. Von Fleet, 4. H. A. Ford, Charles R. Buckalew, 1. G. W. Nebinger, 10. 2. P. Butler, 11. 3. E. Wartman, 12. 4. William H. Witte, 13. 5. J. McNair, 14. 6. J. H. Brinton, 15. 7. D. Laury, 16. 8. Charles Kessler, 17. 9. James Patterson, George C. Gordon, 1. Charles Wright. J. D. Roman, 1. R. Goldsborough, 3. 2. E. H. Webster, 4. PENNSYLVANIA. Isaac Stenker, F. W. Hughes, T. Osterhout, A. Edinger, B. Wilbur, George A. Crawford, James Black, H. J. Stable, DELAWARE. Thomas Carnley. 23. A. Davenport, 24. Le Roy Morgan, 25. E. Burnham. 26. M. H. Lawrence, 27. J. B. Williams, 28. Isaac L. Endress, 29. F. Clarke, 30. W. S. Mallory, 81. W. Keep, 32. R. Wheeler, 33. Delos E. Sill. G. F. Fort. 5. George W. Savage. W. McCandless. 18. J. D. Roddy, 19. J. Turney, 20. James A. T. Buchanan, 21. William Wilkins, 22. J. C. Campbell, 23. Thomas Cunningham, 24. J. Keattey, 25. V. Phelps. H. Ridgeley. MARYLAND. C. L. L. Leary, Thomas Swann, James Wallace. 5. F. A. Schley, 6. A. R. Sellers. 490 STATISTICAL RECORDS. E. W. Massenburg, 1. T. II. Campbell, C. 2. James Garland, 7. 8. J. Goode, Jr., 8. 4. Alexander Jones, 9. 5. William B. Taliaferro. H. M. Shaw, 1. W. F. Martin, 2. William P. Blow, 3. M. B. Smith, J. A. Inglis, 1. W. A. Owens, 2. B. T. Watts, W. H. Stiles, 1. J. L. Harris, 2. L. J. Gartrell, 3. Thomas M. Fournan, M. A. Long, 1. George W. Call. W. L. Yancey, 1. L. P. Walker, 2. J. G. Barr, 3. A. B. Meek. C. S. Tarpley, 1. J. F. Cushmau, 2. J. A. Orr, C. J. Villerre, 1. T. Landry, 2. J. McVea, VIRGINIA. R. L. Montague, James Barbour, J. R. Tucker, J. J. Harris, NORTH CAROLINA. G. H. Wilder, S. E. Williams, Thomas Settle, Jr., SOUTH CAROLINA. A. II. Dillard. 10. A, G. Pendelton, 11. J. B. Floyd, 12. S. L. Hayes, 13. Sherrard Clemens. S. P. Hill. 7. R P. Waring. 8. W. W. Avery. 3. J. J. Pickens, 4. J. Chestnut, Jr., GEORGIA. 4. J. W. Lewis, 5. S. Hall, , 6. J. P. Simmons, FLORIDA. ALABAMA. 4. J. D. Rathers, 6. J. L. Pugh, MISSISSIPPI. 3. B. Matthews, 4. William M. Estelle, LOUISIANA. 8. T. 0. Moore, TEXAS. William R. Scurry, 1. A. J. Hood, 2. A. J. Hamilton. ARKANSAS. L. H. Hempstead, 1. J. J. Green, 2. J. McCoy. W. H. Polk, 1. J. G. Harris, 2. E. L. Gardenhire, 3. S. Pawel, 4. E. A. Keeble, E. Hise, 1. J. W. Stevenson, 2. S. Cravens, 3. I. T. Hawkins, 4. B. Magoffln, C. B. Smith, 1. J. Perkins, 2. R. M. Corwine, 8. P. Odlin, 4. J. S. Conklin, 6. William Taylor, 6. E. P. Evans, 7. W. H. P. Denny, TENNESSEE. 5. J. M. McKenry, 6. J. H. Thomas, 7. J. J. Brown, J. L. Noell. 5. F, W. Pickens, 6. J. L. Manning. J. N. Ramsay, 7. J. P. Saffold, 8. T. W. Thomas- W. D. Barnes. J. W. A. Sandford. 6. W. O. Winston, 7. J. L. M. Curry. J. W. Matthews. 5. H. T. Ellett. W. A. Elmore. 4. H. Cray. M. D. Ector. N. B. Burrow. D. M. Key. 8. G. G. Poindexter, 9. J. D. C. Atkins, 10. D. M. Curriu. KENTUCKY. J. A. Finn. 5. George W. Williams, 8. R. W. Wooley, 6. Benjamin F. Rice, 9. R. H. Stanton, 7. William D. Reed, 10. Hiram Kelsey. 8. J. 9. R. 10. F. 11. J. 12. D. 13. H, 14. E. OHIO. R. Hubbell, G. Pennington, Cleavelaud, Welch, Humphrey, D. Cooke, Pardee, J. B. Stallo. 15. J. M. Hodge, 16. Davis Green, 17. M. Penuington, 18. J. S. Herrick, 19. A. Wilcox, 20. J. Dumas, 21. A. E. Burs. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 491 F. C. Beaman, 1. H. Chamberlain, 2. W. H. Withney. G. N. Fitch, 1. S. H. Buskirk, 2. J. M. Hauna, 3. W. T. Parrett, 4. I. S. McClelland, A. M. Harrington, 1. M. L. Joslyn, 4. 2. IIughMaher, 5. 3. B. Holloway, 6. D. F. Miller, 1. W. M. Stone, A. Olvera, 1. P. Delia Torre, 1. J. B. Henderson, 1. W. Y. Slack, 4. 2. J. N. Burns, 5. 3. J. W. Torbert, E. D. Holton, 1. I. H. Knowlton, 2. MICHIGAN. C. H. Miller, INDIANA. S. K. Wolfe, 0. Evarts, S. W. Short, F. P. Randall, ILLINOIS. 1. P. Richmond, S. W. Moultoa, 0. B. Ficklin, IOWA. H. 0. Connor. CALIFORNIA. A. C. Bradford. MISSOURI. J. T. Coffee, F. Kenneth, WISCONSIN. Billie Williams, O. Johnson. 4. Thomas J. Drake. M. M. Ray. 9. D. D. Jones, 10. S. Mickle, 11. E. Johnson. C. H. Constable. 7. W. A. J. Sparks, 8. J. A. Logan. H. T. Downey. George Freaner. J. B. Benjamin. 6. W. D. McCracken, 7. L. Cooke. W. D. Mclndoe. 3. G. Menzel. NINETEENTH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1861. ABRAHAM LINCOLN was elected President, receiving the vote of California, Connect icut, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hamp shire, New Jersey (4), New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Ver mont, and Wisconsin, 180. John C. Breckinridge received the vote of Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Texas, 72. John Bell received the entire vote of Ken tucky, Tennessee, and Virginia, 39. Stephen A. Douglas received the vote of Mis souri and New Jersey (3), 12. HANNIBAL HAMLIN was elected Vice-Preside lit, re ceiving 180, while Joseph Lane received 72, Edward Everett 39, and Herschel V. Johnson 12. The electors were : William Willis, 1. Louis O. Cowan, 2. Daniel Howes, John Sullivan, 1. David Gillis, George Morey, 1. James H. Mitchell, 2. John M. Forbes, 8. Charles Mattoon, 4. John G. Whittier, j MAINE. Abner Coburn. 3. George W. Pickering, 5. Andrew Peters, 4. William McGilvery, 6. William M. Reed. Ebenezer Stevens. 3. Daniel Blaisdell. NEW HAMPSHIRE. 2. Nathaniel Tolles, MASSACHUSETTS. ; Alfred Macy. 5. John Nesmith, 9. Amasa Walker, 6. Charles B. Hall, 10. Peleg W. Chandler, 7. Reuben A. Chapman, 11. Charles Field. 8. Gerry W. Cochrane, Thomas G. Turner, 1. Elisha Harris, RHODE ISLAND. 2. David Buffum. Latimer W. Ballou. 492 STATISTICAL EECORDS. William Henry, 1. Joseph Warner, VERMONT. 2. Edward A. Gaboon, CONNECTICUT. Chauncey F. Cleveland, Samuel Austin, 3. Benjamin Douglas, Augustus Brandegee, NEW YORK. William C. Bryant, John A. King, 12. Frank L. Jones, 13. Ezra M. Parsons, 14. John Greiner, Jr., 15. Edwards W. Fiske, 16. James Kelly, 17. Washington Smith, 18. William H. Robertson, 19. Jacob B. Carpenter, 20. Jacob H. Ten Eyck, 21. Robert S. Hale, 22. James R. Allaben, Andrew Carrigan, Frederick Kapp, William A. Darling, Rufus H. King, John F. Winslow, N. Edson Sheldon, Henry Churchill, Benj.N. Huntington, John J. Foote, William Van Marter, William Cook, 1. Theodore Runyon, 2. Joseph C. Hornblower, James Pollock, 1. Edward C. Knight, 2. Robert P. King, 3. Henry Bumm, 4. Robert M. Foust, 5. Nathan Hilles, 6. John M. Broomall, 7. James W. Fuller, 8. David E. Stout, 9. Francis W. Christ, Samuel Jefferson, 1. Robert B. Houston. E. Lewis Lowe, 1. Elias Griswold, 2. John Brooke Boyle, Thomas Bruce, 1. Lemuel J. Bowden, 2. John J. Jackson, 3. F. T. Anderson, 4. B. H. Shackelford, 5. A. B. Caldwell, Alfred M. Scales, 1. John W. Moore, 2. William B. Rodman, 3. William A. Allen, NEW JERSEY. 3. George H. Brown, 4. Edward W. Ivins, PENNSYLVANIA. 10. David Mumma, Jr., 11. David Taggart, 12. Thomas R. Hull, 13. Francis B. Penneman, 14. Ulysses Mercur, 15. George Bressler, 16. A. Brady Sharpe, 17. Daniel O. Gehr, DELAWARE. MARYLAND. 3. Joshua Vansant, 4. T. Parkin Scott, VIRGINIA. 6. L. H. Chandler, 7. Joseph Christian, 8. William Lamb, 9. John R. Edmunds, NORTH CAROLINA. 4. A. W. Venable, 6. J. R. McLean, 6. John M. Clement, SOUTH CAROLINA. Andrew P. Calhoun, 1. Thomas Y. Simmes, 3. George P. Elliott, 2. John Williams, 4. Tilman Watson, A. H. Colquitt, 1. Peter Cone, 2. William M. Slaughter, 3. O. C. Gibson, GEORGIA. 4. Hugh Buchanan, 6. Lewis Tumlin, 6. Hardy Strickland, Henry G. Root. 3. D. W. C. Clarke. Roger S. Baidwin. 4. Frederick Wood. James O. Putnam. 23. Sherman D. Phelps, 24. Hiram Dewey, 25. John E. Seeley, 26. James S. Wadsworth, 27. Charles C. Parker, 28. James Parker, 29. Sigismund Kaufmann, 30. George M. Grier, 31. Abijah Beckwith, 32. James L. Voorhees, 33. Elisha S. Whalen. Joel Parker. 5. Charles E. Elmer. Thomas M. Howe. 18. Samuel Calvin, 19. Edgar Cowan, 20. William McKennan, 21. John M. Kirkpatrick, 22. James Kerr, 23. Richard P. Roberts, 24. Henry Souther, 25. John Greer. John Mustard. James L. Martin. 5. John Ritchie, 6. James S. Franklin. Marmaduke Johnson. 10. James Lyons, 11. Richard B. Claybrook, 12. William H. Anthony, 13. J. W. Massie. Edward Nahum Hay wood. 7. J. A. Fox, 8. John A. Dickson. William E. Martin. \ 6. Joseph F. Gist, 6. Robert G. McCaw. H. R. Jackson. 7. W. A. Lofton, 8. William M. Mclntosh. STATISTICAL BEQOEDS. 493 KENTUCKY. TV. H. Wadsworth, E. L. Van Winkle. 1. Q. Q. Quigley, 5. Phil Lee, 8. John M. Harlan, 2. S. A. Seavell, 6. William M. Fulkerson, 9. John B. Huston, 3. William Sampson, 7. William C. Bullock, 10. W. S. Rankin. 4. W. A. Hoskins, TENNESSEE. Bailie Peyton, N. G. Taylor. 1. J. W. Deaderich, 5. Ed. J. Golloday, 8. John F. House, 2. O. P. Temple, 6. William F. Kercheval, 9. Alvin Hawkins, 3. Alfred Caldwell, 7. John C. Brown, 10. Benjamin D. Nabers. 4. S. S. Stauton, OHIO. Frederick Hassaurek, Joseph M. Root. 1. Benjamin Eggleston, 8. Abraham Thomson, 15. Joseph Ankeny, 2. William M. Dickson, 9. John F. Heukle, 16. Edward Ball, 3. Frank McWhiney, 10. Hezekiah S. Bundy, 17. John A. Davenport, 4. John Rilev Knox, 11. DanielB. Stewart, 18. William K. Upham, 5. Dresden W. H. Howard, 12. Richard P. L. Baber, 19. Samuel B. Philbrick, 6. John M. Kellum, 13. John Beatty, 20. George W. Brooke, 7. Nelson Rush, 14. Willard Slocum, 21. Norman K.Mackenzie. LOUISIANA. O. Rosseau, B. Avegno. 1. Trasimond Landry, 3. J. G. Olivier, 4. W. M. Levy. 2. B. B. Simmes, MISSISSIPPI. A. K. Ely the, J. A. Green. 1. Thomas W. Harris, 3. P.F. Liddell, 5. Livingston Minis. 2. Richard Harrison, 4. J. B. Chrisman, INDIANA. John L. Mansfield, Cyrus M. Allen. 1. M..C. Hunter, 5. David O. Dailey, 9. Reuben H. Riley, 2. Nelson Trusler, 6. Will Cumback, 10. Samuel A. Huff, 3. John Hanna, 7. John W. Ray, 11. Isaac Jenkinsou. 4. James N. Tyner, 8. John H. Farquhar, ILLINOIS. Leonard Sweet, Allen C. Fuller. 1. Lawrence Weldon, 4. John M. Palmer, 7. James C. Conkllng, 2. James Stark, 5. William B. Plato, 8. Thomas G. Allen, 3. Henry P. H. Bromwell, 6. William P. Kellogg, 9. John Olney. ALABAMA. David Hubbard, John T. Morgan. 1. J. S. Dickinson, 4. J. W. Garrott, 6. R. C. Brickell, 2. Ely S. Shorter, 5. John S. Kennedy, 7. R. W. Cobb. 3. C. A. Battle, MISSOURI. John B. Henderson, Robert S. Bevier. 1. John B. Hale, 4. Mordecai Oliver, 6. Francis Hagan, 2. James F. V. Thomson, 5. E. T. Wingo, 7. Richard H. Stevens. 3. George G. Vest, William W. Floyd, William W. Leake, 2 Hezekiah G. Wells, 1. George W. Lee, 3. 2. Edward Dorsch, George W. Call, 1. J. Myrick Gorrie. M. D. Graham, 1. A. T. Rainey, ARKANSAS. George W. Taylor. MICHIGAN. Philotas Hayden, FLORIDA. TEXAS. John A. Wharton. Theodric F. Sorrels. Rnfus Hosmer. 4. Augustus Coburn. J. Patton Anderson. Thomas M. Waul. 494 STATISTICAL RECORDS. IOWA. Fitz Henry Warren, Joseph, A. Chapline. 1. M. L. McPherson, 2. Charles Pomeroy. WISCONSIN. Walter D. Mclndoe, Bradford Rixford. 1. J. Alleu Barber, 2. William W. Vaughan, 3. Herman Linderman. CALIFORNIA. Charles A. Washburn, 1. Charles A. Tuttle, 2. Antonio M. Pico. MINNESOTA. Stephen Miller, 1. Clark W. Thompson, 2. Charles McClure. T. J. Dryer, 1. William H. Watkins. OREGON. W. H. Weeks. William Pfaender. B. J. Pengra. TWENTIETH PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 18G5. ABRAHAM LINCOLN was elected President for a second term, receiving the votes of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Missouri, Kansas, West Virginia, Oregon, California, and Nevada, 212. George B. McClellan received the vote of New Jersey, Delaware, and Kentucky, 21. ANDREW JOHNSON was elected Vice-President, receiving 212 ; while George H. Penclle- ton received 21. The Electors were : John B. Brown, 1. R. M. Chapman, 2. John N. Swasey, MAINE. 3. Going Hathem, 4. William P. Frye, Abner Stetson. 5. B. P. Gilman. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Daniel M. Christie, William H. Y. Haskett. 1. A. H. Dunlap, 2. Allen Giffln, 3. Henry O. Kent. Edward Everett, 1. Richard Borden, 2. John M. S. Williams, 3. Stephen M. Weld, 4. John Wells, R. B. Cranston, 1. Rouse Babcock, Daniel Kellogg, 1. S. M. Dorr, MASSACHUSETTS. 5. Artemas Hale, 6. John G. Whittier, 7. Levi Lincoln, Whiting Griswold. 8. George Putnam, 9. George L. Davis, 10. William S. Clarke, RHODE ISLAND. William L. Slater. 2. Simeon Henry Greene. VERMONT. 2. R. Fletcher, A. L. Catlin. 3. James W. Simpson. John T. Wait, 1. James G. Batterson, 3. 2. Frederick A. Benjamin, Horace Greeley, 1. Obadiah Browne, 12. 2. George Ricard, 13. 3. Thomas B. Asten, 14. 4. Guy R. Pelton, 15. 6. Charles L. Beale, 16. 6. Cornelius L. Allen, 17. 7. Allen C. Churchill, 18. 8. John R. Knox, 19. 9. John E. Seeley, 20. 10. William Bristol, 21. 11. James S. T. Stranahan, CONNECTICUT. Oliver F. Winchester. Samuel C. Hubbard, 4. Sabin L. Sayers. NEW YORK. Preston King. Abram J. Dittenhoefer, 22. George Opdyke, Isaac T. Smith, Alexander Davidson, Thaddetis Hait, Alonzo W. Morgan, Ebenezer Blakeley, Thomas Kingsford, Jedediah Dewey, Joseph Candee, William H. McKinney, 23. James W. Taylor, 24. John Tweddle, 25. Hiram Horton, 2G. John Clarke, 27. George W. Bradford, 28. Myron H. Weaver, 29. John P. Darling, 30. James Alley, 31. John W. Stebbins. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 495 "William Paterson, 1. Thomas McKeen, 2. F. S. Lathrop, Morton McMichael, 1. R. P. King, 2. William H. Kern, 3. Robert Parke, 4. Edward Halliday, 5. Charles II. Shriuer, 6. D. W. Woods, 7. Samuel B. Dick, 8. Everard Bierer, Victor DuPont, 1. Harberson Hickman. W. J. Albert, 1. "W. H. W. Farrow, 2. Isaac Nesbit, NEW JERSEY. Furman L. Mtilforcl. 3. William P. McMichael, 5. Charles 11. Cornwall. 4. John McGregor, PENNSYLVANIA. 9. Morrison Coates, 10. Barton II. Jeuks, 11. William Taylor, 12. Charles F. Read, 13. John P. Clark, 14. Isaac Benson, 15. John P. Penney, 16. Richard H. Coryell, DELAWARE. Thomas Cunningham. 17. Henry Hurnra, 18. C. M. Runk, 19. John A. Hiestand, 20. Elias W. Hale, 21. D. McConaughy, 22. John Patton, 23. C. McJunkin, 24. J. W. Blanchard. Ayers Stockley. MARYLAND. Henry II. Goldsborough. 3. William Smith Reese, 5. R. Stockett Matthews. 4. George W. Sands, KENTUCKY. Thornton F. Marshall, 1. T. A. Duke, 4. B. C. Ritter, 2. William Harbour, 5. B. F. Bullode, 3. G. S. Shauklin, 6. H. Taylor, OHIO. John B. Huston. 7. F. L. Cleveland, 8. A. H. Ward, 9. G. W. Dunlap. John M. Connell, John P. Buhn. 1. John K. Green, 8. Stanley Matthews, 14. Lewis B. Yunckel, 2. Stephen Johnston, 9. William L. Walker, 15. Mills Gardner, 3. Henry W. Smith, 10. Ozias Bowen, 10. Jacob Scraggs, 4. William Sheffield, 11. George A. Walker, 17. Henry F. Page, 5. James R. Stanberg, 12. John II. McCombs, 18. Frederick W. Wood, G. Lorenzo Danford, 13. John McCook, 19. Seth Marshall. 7. Abner Kellogg, INDIANA. David S. Gooding, R. W. Thompson. 1. James C. Dennis, 5. John M. Wallace, 9. Timothy R. Dickinson, 2. Lconiclas Sexton, 6. Cyrus T. Nixon, 10. II. R. Pritchard, 3. Jonathan J. Wright, 7. Benjamin F. Claypool , 11. Robert P. Davidson. 4i James B. Belford, 8. John Osborn, ILLINOIS. John Dougherty, Francis A. Hoffman. 1. Benjamin M. Prentiss, G. James S. Poage, 11. Austin S. Miller, 2. M. T. Hopkins, 7. Thomas W. Harris, 12. John J. Bennett, a. William Walker, 8. Zelotes S. Clifford, 13. Franklin Blades, 4. James C. Conkling, 9. John V. Farwell, 14. John V. Eustace. 0. N. M. McCurdy, 10. Henry S. Baker, MISSOURI. C. D. Drake, Lucien Eaton, 4. Barnabas Smith, Harrison J. Lindenbower, 5. W. Smith Ingham, J. C. Parker, 6. Joseph C. Kilian, MICHIGAN. Robert R. Beecher, 1. Thomas D. Gilbert, 3. F. Walldorf, 2. O. D. Conger, 4. George W. Back, William W. Field, 1. George C. Northrop, 2. Henry J. Turner, WISCONSIN. 3. Jonathan Bowman, 4. Henry F. Belitz, S. 0. Scofleld. 7. G. R. Smith, 8. C. Carpenter, 9. Thomas G. C. Fagg. Marsh Giddings. 5. Christian Eberbach, 6. J. Eugene Tenuey. Henry L. Blood. 5. Allen Warden, 6. Alexander S. McDill. 496 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. IOWA. Charles Benjamin Darwin, William Thompson. 1. John Van Volkenburg, 3. Samuel S. Burdett, 6. Frank W. Palmer, 2. G. C. Mudgett, 4. B. T. Hunt, 6. Henry C. Henderson CALIFORNIA. Warner Oliver, William W. Crane. 1. C. Maclay, 2. Samuel Brannan, 3. J. G. McCallum. MINNESOTA. Charles H. Lindsley, J. N. Murdoch. 1. J. G. Betze, 2. J. W. Morford. KANSAS. R. McBratney, W. P. Cloud. 1. Chester Thomas. OREGON. James F. Gazley, H. N. George. 1. George L. Wood. WEST VIRGINIA. Ellery E. Hall, William E. Stevenson. 1. J. H. Atkinson, 2. Edward C. Bunker, 3. Robert S. Brown. NEVADA. Alexander W. Baldwin, Stephen T. Gage. [This State was entitled to a third Elector; but the person chosen died before at tending the College of Electors.] THE SUPREME COUET OF THE UNITED STATES. [OFFICIALLY PREPARED FOR THIS WORK.] CHIEF JUSTICES. JOHN JAY, of New York, appointed and confirmed September 26, 1789. Resigned. JOHN RUTLEDGE, of South Carolina, appointed July 1, 1795, in recess of Senate, and presided on the bench at August Term, 1795. Nominated December 10, and rejected by the Senate December 15, 1795. WILLIAM CUSHING, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed Janu ary 27, 1796. Declined. He was then an Associate Justice. OLIVER ELLSWORTH, of Connecticut. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 4, 1796. He presided on the bench at the August Term, 1799. Resigned. JOHN JAY, of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed, December 19, 1800. Declined. JOHN MARSHALL, Secretary of State.* Nomination confirmed January 31, 1801. Died. ROGER B. TANEY, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 15, 1836. Died. SALMON P. CHASE, of Ohio, appointed and confirmed December 6, 1864. ASSOCIATE JUSTICES. JOHN RUTLEDGE, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed Septem ber 26, 1789. Resigned. * John Marshall, Secretary of State, was nominated to the Senate, as Chief Justice, January 20, 1801, was confirmed on the 27th, commissioned on the 31st, and presided on thebfnch of the Supreme Court from the 4th to the 9th of February, or during February Term, 1801. From a message of the President to Con gress, accompanied by a report from John Marshall, Secretary of State, dated February '27, 1801, it ap pears that he also continued to act in the latter capacity until that day, and, from other circumstances, that he continued to act as such until March 3, 1801, on which day the then administration terminated. STATISTICAL KECOttDS. 497 WILLIAM GUSHING, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed September 2G, and ap pointed September 27, 1789. Died. John BLAIR, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed September 26, and appointed Sep tember 30, 1789. Resigned. ROBERT H. HARRISON, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed September 2G, 1789. Re signed. JAMES IREDELL, of North Carolina. Appointed in recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 10, 1790. Died. THOMAS JOHNSON, of Maryland. Appointed August 5, 1791, in recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 7, 1791. Resigned. WILLIAM PATERSON, Governor of New Jersey. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 4, 1793. Died. SAMUEL CHASE of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 27, 1796. Died. BUSHROD WASHINGTON, of Virginia. Appointed September 29, 1798, in recess of Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 30, 1798. Died. ALFRED MOORE, of North Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed Decem ber 10, 1799. Resigned. WILLIAM JOHNSON, of South Carolina. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 26, 1804. Died. THOMAS TODD, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed March 2, and appointed March 3, 1807. BROCKHOLST LIVINGSTON, of New York. Appointed November 10, 1806, in recess Df Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 17, 1806. Died. LEVI LINCOLN, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 3, 1811. Declined. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed Feb ruary 22, 1811. Declined. JOSEPH STORY, of Massachusetts. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 18, 1811. Died. GABRIEL DUVAL, of Maryland. Nomination confirmed and appointed November 18, 1811. Resigned. SMITH THOMPSON, of New York. Appointed September 1, 1823, in recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 9, 1823. Died. ROBERT TRIMBLE, of Kentucky. Nomination confirmed and appointed May 9, 1826. Died. JOHN MCLEAN, of Ohio. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 7, 1829. Died. HENRY BALDWIN, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 6, 1830. Died. JAMES M. WAYNE, of Georgia. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 9, 1835. PHILIP P. BARBOUR, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 15, 1836. Died. JOHN CATRON, of Tennessee. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Died May 30, 1865. WILLIAM SMITH, of Alabama. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 8, 1837. Declined. JOHN McKiNLEY, of Alabama. Appointed April 22, 1837, in recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed September 25, 1837. PETER V. DANIEL, of Virginia. Nomination confirmed and appointed March 3, 1841. Died. SAMUEL NELSON, of New York. Nomination confirmed and appointed February 14, 1S45. LEVI WOODBURY, of New Hampshire. Appointed September 20, 1845, in recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed January 3, 1846. Died. ROBERT C. GRIER, of Pennsylvania. Nomination confirmed and appointed August 4, 1846. BENJAMIN ROBBINS CURTIS, of Massachusetts. Appointed during the recess of the Senate. Nomination confirmed and appointed December 20, 1851. Resigned. JAMES A. CAMPBELL, of Alabama. Appointed March 22, 1853. Resigned. NATHAN CLIFFORD, of Maine. Appointed January 28, 1858. NOAH H. SWAYNE, of Ohio. Appointed January 4, 1862. SAMUEL H. MILLER, of Iowa. Appointed July 16, 1862. DAVID DAVIS, of Illinois. Appointed December 8, 1862. STEPHEN J. FIELD, of California. Appointed March 10, 1863. 32 STATISTICAL RECORDS. JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT WHO HAVE NOT BEEN IN CONGRESS. [Although a large majority of the men who have occupied seats on the Bench of the Supreme Court, also served their country as Senators or Representatives, it is due to the remainder that the following notices should be submitted to the reader, for pur poses of reference.] BLAIR, JOHN. He was born in Virginia, in 1732 ; in 1787 he was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals, of Virginia; was a member of the "General Convention " called to form the Constitution of the United States ; was appointed by Washington a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1789, which position he held until 1796, when he resigned ; and he died in 1800. CAMPBELL, JOHN ARCHIBALD. Born in Washington Wilkes County, Georgia, June 24, 1811, his grandfather having served in the Revolution as Aide-de-camp to General Nathaniel Greene. He graduated at the University of Georgia in 1826 ; studied law and came to the bar in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1830, practising the profession for many years with success. In 1853 he was appointed, by President Pierce, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which office lie resigned in 1861, after the commencement of the Rebellion. He Avas opposed to the Secession of Ala bama, and in 1864 did all in his power to bring the war to a close ; and after the war he resumed the practice of his profession in the City of New Orleans. CATRON, JOHN. He was born in Wythe County, Virginia, in 1778 ; received a com mon-school education, and removed to Tennessee, in 1812; served with General Jack son in the New Orleans campaign; studied law, and soon after coming to the bar was appointed Attorney for the State; in 1818 he settled in Nashville, and obtained a high reputation as a chancery lawyer; in 1824 he was appointed one of the Judges of the Supreme Court of the State; and in 1837 he was appointed, by President Van Buren, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which position he held until his death, which occurred at Nashville, May 30, 1865. CURTIS, BENJAMIN ROBBINS. He was born in Watertown, Massachusetts, November 4, 1809 ; graduated at Harvard University, in 1829 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1832 ; and has been closely devoted to his profession ever since ; he settled in Boston, and served two years in the State Legislature ; and in 1851 he was appointed, by Presi dent Eillmore, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which he resigned in 1857. In March, 1868, he acted as one of the Counsel for President Andrew John- sou, before the High Court of Impeachment. CUSIIIXG, WILLIAM. He was born in 1733; graduated at Harvard College in 1751 ; in 1772 he became Judge of the Superior Court^of Massachusetts ; in 1777 promoted to Chief Judge; and in 1789 he was appointed, by President Washington, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in which position he continued until his death in 1810. In 1796 he was tendered the position of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, but declined the promotion. He received from Harvard College the degree of LL.D. DANIEL, PETER VYVIAN. He was born in Stafford County, Virginia, in 1785; graduated at Princeton College in 1805 ; studied law with Edmund Randolph, and came to the bar in 1808; was a member of the State Legislature in 1809 and 1810; in 1812 he was a member of the Privy Council, and served as such until 1835 ; and frequently as Lieutenant-Governor; was tendered the office of Attorney-General of the United States by President Jackson, but declined the appointment; in 1836 he was appointed Judge of the United States District Court for Virginia; and in 1840 he was appointed, by President Van Buren., a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died in 1860. DAVIS, DAVID. He was born in Cecil County, Maryland, March 9, 1815; graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1832; studied law in Massachusetts, and went through a iegal course at the Law School of New Haven; in 1835 he removed to Illinois, and was immediately admitted to the bar, and soon afterwards settled in Bloomington. In 1844 he was elected to the State Legislature; in 1847 to the Convention which formed the present State Constitution; in 1848 he was elected by the people Judge of the Eighth Judicial Circuit of the State ; re-elected in 1855 and also in 1861, but, before completing Lis last term, he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 499 Court of the United States. He was for many years the intimate friend of Abraham Lincoln, rode the circuit with him every year, and he was a Delegate at largo to the " Chicago Convention " of I860, which nominated Mr. Lincoln for President. Just before entering upon his duties as a Justice of the Supreme Court he was appointed a visitor to the West Point Academy. FIELD, STEPHEN J. He was born in Haddam, Connecticut, November 4, 1816, and his father was David Dudley Field ; while yet a youth he travelled in Europe and the East; graduated at Williams College, in 1837; studied law in New York City with his brother, David Dudley, with whom he formed a law partnership; in 1848 he made a second visit to Europe; towards the close of 1849 he went to California; in January, 1850, he was elected First Alcalde of the city of Marysville, and continued the practice of his profession; in October of the same year he was elected to the Legislature, where he took a leading part in moulding the Judiciary of the State; in 1857 he was elected a Judge of the Supreme Court of California for six years, and was elevated to the position of Chief Justice ; and in 1863 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In the discharge of his official duties, he is obliged to travel annually over thirteen thousand miles. He is a brother of Cyrus W. Field, the distinuished projector of the Atlantic Telegraph. GRIER, ROBERT C. He was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1794; graduated at Dickinson College in 1812; studied law and came to the bar in 1817, practising his profession in Northumberland, Columbia, Lycoming, Union, and Seluiylkill Counties; was appointed President Judge of Allegheny County in 1833, when he became a resident of Pittsburgh; and in 1840 he was appointed, by President Polk, an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and since 1848 he has been a resident of Philadelphia. HARRISON, ROBERT H. He was born in Maryland in 1745 ; served with honor in the War for Independence ; studied law and practised the profession with success ; was chosen Chief Justice of the General Court of Maryland; and in 1789 he was appointed, by President Washington, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but soon resigned the position. Died in Charles County, Maryland, April 2, 1700. JOHNSON, WILLIAM. He was born in Charleston, South Carolina, December 27, 1771 ; graduated at Princeton College in 1790 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1792 ; was elected to the State Legislature in 1794; re-elected and made Speaker; was subse quently chosen a Judge of the Circuit Court of the State ; and in 1804 he was ap pointed, by President Jefferson, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, which he held until his death, which occurred in New York, August 4, 1834, from the effects of a surgical operation. In 1819 he was appointed and confirmed as Collector of Charleston, which office he declined. In 1822 he published " The Life aud Services of Nathaniel Greene," in two volumes. LIVINGSTON, BROCKHOLST. Born in 1758; graduated at Princeton College in 1774; served with Arnold at the capture of Burgoyne in 1779; was Private Secretary to John Jay during his mission to Spain; studied law and came to the bar in 1783; in 1802 he became Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; and in 1806 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died iu 1823. MILLER, SAMUEL F. He was born in Richmond, Kentucky, April 5, 1S1G; graduated at the University of Transylvania, and, after taking the degree of Doctor of Medicine, practised the profession a few years, and then turned his attention to the law; having been from 1848 in favor of emancipation, and, though generally taking no part in pol itics, the course of public affairs caused him to remove from the State in 1850, when he settled in Iowa and became one of the leaders of the Republican party in that State ; desiring no local or State offices, and declining many nominations, he attended wholly to his profession; and in 1862 he was appointed, by President Lincoln, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. MOORE, ALFRED. He was born in North Carolina, May 21, 1755; educated in Bos ton, where he acquired a love and a knowledge of military tactics; iu 1775 he joined the Continental troops of his own State aud rendered important services; in 1790 he was made Attorney-General of his State; studied law aud became an eminent prac titioner at the bar; in 1798 he was made a State Judge; in 1799 he was appointed, by President Adams, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and, after serv ing as such for six years, he resigned on account of his health. Died in October, 1810 ; and a county was named for him in his native State. 500 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. NELSOX, SAMUEL. He was born in Hebron, Washington County, New York, No vember 10, 1792, of Irish descent; graduated at Middlebury College, Vermont, in 1813 ; studied law and came to the bar of New York in 1817 ; located himself in Cort- land County, where he practised his profession with great success ; in 1820 he was a Presidential Elector; was a Delegate to the " State Constitutional Convention " of 1821; during the same year was appointed Postmaster of Cortland Village ; in 1823 he was made a Judge of the Circuit Court, which he held for eight years ; in 1831 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of the State ; in 1837 he was made Chief Justice and held the position until 1845, when he was appointed, by President Tyler, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1846 he was elected a Dele gate to the " State Convention " of that year, but declined to serve. He received the degree of LL.D. from Middlebury College, Columbia College, and Geneva College, and a sketch of his career was published in the " Pioneers of Cortlaud County," by H. C. Goodwin. SWAYNE, NOAH H. [The editor very much regrets that a sketch of this gentleman, promised to him more than a year ago, was not received in time for the present edition.] TAXEY, ROGER B. He was born in Calvert County, Maryland, March 17, 1777; grad uated at Dickinson College in 1795; studied law and came to the bar in 1799; in 1801 he was elected to the State Assembly and settled at Frederick; subsequently served four years in the State Senate, and removed to Baltimore in 1822; in 1827 he was chosen Attorney-General of Maryland; in 1831 he was appointed Attorney-General of the United States in President Jackson's Cabinet; was also appointed Secretary of the Treasury, but rejected by the Senate; was appointed a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, but again rejected by the Senate ; and in 1836 he was appointed, by President Jackson, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, in the place of John Marshall, which office he filled with acknowledged ability until his death, which occurred in Washington City, October 12, 1864. Some of his decisions, as a Cabinet officer and especially as Chief Justice, excited great interest throughout the country. THOMPSON, SMITH. Born in New York in 1767; graduated at Nassau Hill in 1788; adopted the profession of law ; in 1801 he was appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court of New York; in 1814 Chief Justice of the State, which he held until 1818, when he became Secretary of the Navy; and in 1823 he was appointed a Justice of the Su preme Court of the United States. He received from Princeton and Harvard Colleges the degree of LL.D., and died at Poughkeepsie, New York, December 18, 1843. TODD, THOMAS. Born in King and Queen County, Virginia, January 23, 1765 ; re ceived a good education; served as a substitute in the Revolutionary War; em igrated to Kentucky in 1782; became a tutor in the house of a friend, studied law, and was Clerk of the Federal Court of Kentucky and also of the Court of Appeals ; in 1801 lie was appointed Judge of the Court of Appeals; in 1806 promoted to Chief Justice; and in 1807 he was appointed, by President Jefferson, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died February 7, 1826. TRIMBLE, ROBERT. Born in Berkley County, Virginia, in 1776 ; received a good plain education; studied law, came to the bar in 1803, and settled in Kentucky; was soon afterwards elected to the State Legislature ; in 1808 he was chosen Judge of the Court of Appeals, but soon resigned the position; in 1810 he was made Chief Jus tice of the State ; in 1813 District Attorney for the State; in 1816 he was appointed Federal Judge of Kentucky by President Madison, and in 182G he was appointed, by President J. Q. Adams, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A coun ty was named for him in Kentucky, and he died August 25, 1828. WASHINGTON, BUSHROD. Born in Westmoreland County, Virginia; educated at William and Mary College ; studied law, and, on coming to the bar, practised in his native county; in 1781 he was a member of the House of Delegates ; subsequently published two volumes of the Decisions of the Supreme Court of Virginia; and in 1798 he was appointed, by President Adams, a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Died in 1829. He was the favorite nephew of George Washington, the devisee of Mount Vernon, and a man of ability and high character. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 5Q1 CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES. JOHN TUCKER, of Massachusetts, appointed February 3, 1790. Resigned. SAMUEL BAYARD, of Delaware, appointed August 1, 1791. Resigned. ELIAS B. CALDWELL, of New Jersey, appointed August 15, 1800. Died. WILLIAM GRIFFITH, of New Jersey, appointed February 9, 1826. Died. WILLIAM T. CARROLL, District of Columbia, appointed January 20, 1827. Died. T. WESLEY MIDDLETON, District of Columbia, appointed in 1802. Present incun> Dent. REPORTERS OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT. ALEXANDER J. DALLAS, reported from 1789 to 1800, inclusive. WILLIAM CKANCH, HENRY WHEATON, RICHARD PETERS, JR., BENJAMIN C. HOWARD, JEREMIAH S. BLACK, JOHN WILLIAM WALLACE, 1801 to 1815, 1816 to 1827, 1828 to 1842, 1843 to 1862, " 1862 to 1864, " 1864. Present incumbent. MARSHALS OF THE UNITED STATES ATTENDANT ON THE SUPREME COURT. Under the construction of the Judiciary Act of 1789, the Marshals of all the Districts were required to attend the sessions of the Supreme Court, until, by the Act of June 9, 1794, the Marshal of the District alone in which the Court shall sit was required to at tend its sessions. DAVID LENOX, Marshal of the District of Pennsylvania, attended from January 28, 1794, to February, 1801. DANIEL CARROLL BRENT, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from August 3, 1801, to August, 1808. WASHINGTON BOYD, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from February, 1, 1808, to August, 1818. TENCH RINGGOLD, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from November 30, 1818, to August, 1831. HENKY ASHTON, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from February 4, 1831, to February, 1834. ALEXANDER HUNTER, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from March 6, 1834, to December, 1848. ROBERT WALLACE, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from December 5, 1848, to December, 1849. RICHARD WALLACH, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from December 4, 1849, to May, 1853. JONAH D. HOOVER, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from May 31, 1853, to April, 1858. WILLIAM SELDEN, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from April 1, 1858, to 1861. WARD H. LAMON, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from 1861 to June, 1865. D. S. GOODING, Marshal of the District of Columbia, attended from June, 1865, to April 3, 1867. RICHARD C. PARSONS, Marshal of the Supreme Court, appointed April 3, 1867. [Court meets first Monday in December, at Washington.] UNITED STATES COURT OF CLAIMS. Chief Justice Joseph Casey. Judge Edward G. Loring. Judge David Wilmot. Judge Ebenezer Peck. Jucljre C. C. Nott. 502 STATISTICAL RECOEDS. S o ea rt S" - co" S o a""*" - A rt i A 2 2.2- 1 | 1 ^ CO S '+3 I? 00 J2 rv IH SJ <5 c C o> -a y o ..^ "S ^ a "^ c a ,3 g """' PH r ^ O ^^ f^ K ^*H "a *" < a ^ O O i t* o S o .S 53 -n S .-^oj^SSa^ , * fll a M tjj ^ ^ *^ 0""^ C3 K% ^ .-S a 02 o "2 " ' "" C7^ ' * .S ^"3 ^^ ? a o .3 aS |C'^f ||| cC t -s| ^PH.2 > o Ej !S-3 m O >^ ^ *-* ^ O 3 ^ ^i "* ^ .S ^4 > a S 1! * i r" 1 )O ^ H c3 1 B a > * ^ 15 1 H Hemarli -H ^t- 2 .2^a| 8^3 S I*||| s 5 ^ 3 5 .2 wp !S a "^a S =s T S "d S CM o =3 00 M a a i-( X >- c3 a H>tJ f^l-S gft'SJS M | i i H^* 3 P H fc 1 ^ a . . . I H ? 1 : a 2 ' I 1 I a a M pi 1 ^ 'S ,2 'rf 'S H S p S .ti g . . 3 5 ? 3 : t a . o >4 5 *j ) 35 2 4J t< _cs ^ PQ CO '^ -^ j-j CO G} ^2^1 2 a SH o C .. a i . a rS ^ S* "O H S K3 PH P3 O a 1 O ! =3 . >J 2 H 3 5 1- . . . M r< CO h 3 -^1 a o> J ' S ^ : b: ^ ~ o S " H H P 4 . *2 o 1: | 00^ eS a S '-2 o '^3 B 5C - a O * O cy H 2 s 5 < -S >> 2 53 'iS 5 1 co o 1 S3 i o a a "g .i- o; a* <*< * ^ .02 0) HjJ a> ^r" o p^ PH * '' a '. a a^a 'a i2 'a t-l S- (4 L i o a M jj ^j u O 03 O ,^i 5 ^'1 3 .2-0 Ct3 cfl */2 o o H -0 t3 . 00 O) O W a o a i h ^ oS ^ pli : w ^ S h P I ^ cS SH i it 1 j : : I '. 1 1 1 H Q 'dO H O ^3 ^ 03 CO 00 CC O3 a ^^ ^ 5^ S^ .t3 "3 fe -* } 2 ?~ ~2 S ."S O , cj 3 ^M 1 bC o 3 *7'aj > w a a i-aft-a ."9 3 o . o I S left 3 K ea o be a O / sj "3 "~* a .3 S <-* a ^ * _T 3 fsl "5J IV .2 g ^3 ?? r,' a; O w; .is o *- "3 d 2 ft Ss^ . 2 O - T3 || 1 "] M ,9 oo 1J P go .2 p|iG "Si l<5^o ! fi <5 2 "*< 5 t-- oo co 10 o a e* >o o H< O f-l CO OO OOOOOOGOOOOOCOOOOOCO CO OO GOOOOOCO OO CO t^N-OO" lOC5--^>Ot^.t~5 ooiMi iio-*-* . . . .flo. . . . CO ', 3 o s^ -u T3 I ^corv1i L, bfi bJD ' cc -jj 3 o Ok/a*'S^ j aj f?;2'33fi * ^ ~ t^ t3 S^ - -u jU3 & ^ ^ O ) ?5 55 "-^ SH .-T3 V.Q 5 o T l3 ^ l 'c3 1 y y ^ ^ 2, a '2 i a ea7:z;C, 3 03 e3eSs3o3cSsS 5 ft ftpftftJSpq Barrow, Washington* Barry, William T.* S ft rt c3 ftft ati**- 1 *"* 1 *r?^"S ^2 ' > *"*> ^ *~ 5^-JI-S > "S O Sl-jt-B ^ tB a o h< Asboth, Alexander Aulick, John H. . . P * 1 *, Ji,o S a S *: a >> P o o -^ o> ^3 y be > ci C3 c3 M a" n" a a'a'a'a'a ^oooooooo to'Si'S.'S.'S.'S.'S.'Si'Si 3 504 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. . < 1 11 Ik W S pqppqpqpqpqMM MM STATISTICAL EEOOEDS. 505 1 oo jj o to fcOJ 0.3 a* *T-< (-^ i! a^ O o> . f^ 43 O * " .2 g f 3 O O C -^ eJ 3 O O ti 13 w cj 3 P tD * oo o o -* n i -;)< o o co eo o O O O -*< M cocooocoaooDcococeooaococoooaoooGoaoaoco New G ranada Paraguay es . 3 I s : : : r|j;j| Republic of Mexico Rnoln | K i 3 : : : '3 III o . . . "3 : i i I . . . o 2 '3 ,2 * ~ a ^ c ; Occ PH . W -* Is * J g ' S ' Great Bril Denmark Ecuador. Austria. . 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d2'^U -^ >-i K! a cs .^ g 3 j y >o ooooooOo ouuouuouu STATISTICAL RECORDS. 507 S cs f 22 D.M o s 1 - >>.2 5 ^ Jb -C cc -3 *-P^! ^ssi"S59 2 .-s .S S ^ S OT c '> *~i * a a 72 ** Is 1* til I 6 S 3 >-r - a 00 TH .S t3 Q P, fi I o 13 M to cb co co aoobcococbcococooooo cocococococo oococo c6oocot~ooaococoaooo CO O O "* O O OO CO CO o o .2 o - O '43 . a . S -a o d o a o i : i i :! : : o ' a ' ' ' ; : 1 : ; I : l ; ii : : ; Commissioner.... En. Ex. and Min. P Minister Resident. Secretary of Legati Cousul P-T-g PH -^ 1 o g ili^iirL S^gS^-S^ a -2 g^-gsgs g s^^^^g? T^a -S . M 3 3 2-z W S i C 3 g P o g ort-SrtS^sa aaj-aaajxjco !^o ^020^02003 ^0 53 *3 PH . PH o '5 PH . V? . -. -wis .-!- a s JJ.CB Hill -22S Slfjl '^i 3s-g2Hi s ^.53 S :^ S 2o^-q^^ ^Mj^l -c^s - zWj^S Ci' t S r--! -C ^ pJ Q q^ fvi yj o CP ^ O C oaS'SyS .S'a ^"^o .'a' T3 o c *' i:;rT3 (uC^^^icuO a js :2 a .cua"~ .D-S w^oScoo HoS w .cc^S -coo ; : H : : ::::::: : j. : Nathan*.. Nathan*.. S^Pn' ~ _ K. 0> O> ^i a^S CS-TCC : : : # WW : : a *, r ' 3 1 1 -d *. 1 gOS'|g'3 "3o^ o "S^'i "a ^ B s ' ^ 3 f or2>^ ! ~" > ^^ - K ,9 '? 8 ** C C ^ ^ CO ." ^i."^ tCco.2 !2^^r:^!i tC it =5 O O O OOO ' cT.2 .S .S 3 PH fa 2. ~* w" T eT eT . . -^ ~ - s3 ^ c3 <^ CO CO '/3 ,. ^Q N S! N N OOOOOOOO---S OUOOOOUUUO ._ 75 t* s a co co co i-- ' 333 UOO fii 508 STATISTICAL RECORDS. Eemarks. Died in Paris, December 2, 1864. Authorized, jointly with William Shaler and William Baiubridge, to negotiate a trea- ty. Declined. Declined. Authorized to negotiate a treaty with Sax- ouy, and exchange ratifications with Nas sau. Authorized to negotiate a treaty. II Cl Ci OO - < A O **< ** O CM Ci > 1 t 00 OO CO OO l^ OO 10 co * eo oo os o co eo to a o CO OO CO 00 CO OO o o >a * o oo o o o *f **< -^ CO CO CO CO OO OO O -*< O O CO 13 O CO CO CO ^ cocooooocococooococooo o a 1 1 i i-I I .2 ' " S : =3 :g : : : : : a a m * ^ * o o ' ' ' O a p : : : : : ft : : : : 4s 8 : ^ : rt : : 3 : cj S O 6 psi p*O 3 "^ I 3 I "2 _ ^ cS J3_ C 1-1 " s-> -< cS c p^ a tn o 53 to j [z; ^ < H 5 fs< '? -2 a ,2 G o a 1 :| lllllll CC r> COOi-iS . p- ...... c3 ' (-1 M a . ! a ! . a ........... i m En. Ex. and Min. Res Secretary of Legatioi Commissioner Min. Plen. and En. E En. Ex. and Min. Pie Charge d'Affaires . . . Captain United States Minister Resident... Charge d'Affaires . . . En. Ex. and Min. Pie Minister Resident.. . Secretary of Legatior Minister Resident . . Minister Resident. .. En. Ex. and Min. Pie do do . ... Charge d'Affaires . . . En. Ex. and Min. Pie do do .. .. .2 o o > i5 : : :* : . :a : : o I P5 W *' c >><3 i^llll ^ o g rs H .2 ** S 3 a >- ..S 5Q Sillfl O p ^ ^ w > & f a 2^ 2 *. *. g p o a '>'>' ", S rt o cs cs c rt o> g ^ Si 2 o = g 1 .2 3 3 'g -^ _ ^ tj) c o o j> i>T'w a a a .2 .2 o ^o o o |,llll =-2 ""-2 *~ -3 STATISTICAL ItECOEDS. 503 & if-l a I ?! a S >>"2 a i ^gg 3 B lfl 'S +3 H _ 5 I sga S ^oo <" p o a o 49 p a S 0^3 -0 u H "C rSa t decline 2-3 cs a w a 03 X M ^Pn fc c _ -2 a 4>fl P =3 a o tfl & > f ja oo q3 a* M a 'o a e. yi I . HH s o n -^ <-< * oo is m -*OO I TH rH W rf OOt-OOOOCOOOOOOOCC - cocooooocooooooocooooooo . . a . .. Sweden . .. . * . . . France . . . Russia . . . Netherlands . . . Texas . .. Netherlands do . .. Spain . . . China a 'rt 'C 4J t- j 03 a s owp a incl Peru in- I I "** . . . Switzerland . .. Mexico . . . Argentine Confed tion . . . Denmark TfTTflS. . '09 ji s i Sa > | i::::: 55 * ' o a o |f HII a a o a 3^ ^3 ffSfM 3 o . Charge d'Affaires Secretary of Legation Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen. . . . Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. Plen. . . . Commissioner Secretary of Legation Special Minister Minister Plenipotentiary . . . Minister Resident. . Secretary of Legation j Charge d'Affaires ad terim. Minister Plenipotentiary. . . En. Ex. and Min. Pleu. ... Secretary of Legation f1r> . . .rln .. Minister Resident Secretary of Legation ..f\n.. . .(In .. Charg6 d'Affaires . -rln. . . .rln . Minister Resident Charge d'Affaires ..rlr. _ rlr> C t C 5 Secretary of Legation Charge d'Affaires Minister Plenipotentiary . . En. Ex. and Min. Plen Charge d'Affaires En. Ex. and Min. Plen fe : : : ; ri^w I I I ^ el o o <2 HP3 _0 CJ S S tc be fc5 S 2 = .5 .3 2 t 't t 510 STATISTICAL RECORDS. Remarks. In 1813 appointed, jointly with John Q. Adams, Henry Clay, Jonathan llussell, and James A. Bayard, to negotiate with Great Britain. Appointed jointly with C. C. Pinckney and J. Marshall. 5 i i .9 V o .s 1g p Secretary of the Mission Extraordinary for entering into negotiations, at St. Peters burg, with Great Britain. Authorized in 1857 to enter into negotiations with Siam. , q M I g at O u co i i a > i a 1 73 o .3 O O 'f A CO T 1 C5 F. COCOCOCOcbcOCOCOCOcecOCOCOCOOOCOCOCO CO CO ^H cb 55 co CO O CO O 1 ! CO co co co i France Belgium )iifedera- . British N. Ame Turkey ; oo fc ,OQ,o n ;;::i.s^ . Switzerland . . . Kussia . France a rt ^0 o ^ tion . Spain . Colombia 3 o O a o s .3 a s a . Secretary of Legation . I 03 . . . Consul General do a Ej | a g = a a o : J c i 1r "*i ^ r ~ < ' 4J 'i- ^ _< 'i-j O ** g a S g fe fl a = j'J"^ o e* v,^ ^ s aa 3 ^ c! ister Resident, etary of Legat fge d'Aflaires . sul General . . . ster Resident . < c ge d'Aflaires . tea CO vS> ortsa .csao -Go" s a ^ -^ r=3 COO a o O j^ rt 3 o !H c3 ^3 O ^oSosoS^Ho^ Name. Gallatin, Albert* * 4- c b c o O 'S "^ O O Harrington, George.. Harris, Leavitt Hards, Leavitt Harris, Townseud . . . Harris, Townsend . . . Harris, Townsend . . . Harris, William A.*.. Harrison, J. O Harrison, William II.* Ilaruin, John STATISTICAL BECORDS. 511 *H" 1 II 1 fcfl I D H Tfj *^ ca ^H 5 O D< * c w b, H rt S 42 tc O 53 o a -a o Sa -a ri |g 2 To COOOCOOOOOOOl^OOCO COOOCOCOOOOOiOOOaOCXDQDCOODaOl^t-l^COQOODCCCOCOOOCOCOOOOOOOOOCO # J * I ^ : v * i *^1* -^'3 : j : = - fee - "^ ' in '- 3 OT ' o M . C3 _ U3 M){ O O w ^ " ^o b< I o cc .3 a ^ " i 11 1" D.J5 -30 SJO SO I8 03 = O /- 1 -3 c h=< r * r ; * C S ris "2 & - * * o ? ~ * * -^ .2 ft fi a -j: - 'C 3 , S = ?s " = - -^ - - - - - - - - -3 s ^ 512 STATISTICAL KECOKDS. Kemarks. Negotiated the important treaty which bear, his name. In 1799 authorized to negotiate a treat] AVith Eussia. Second appointment. N .2 (M ^t O5 CO t CO CO i-HlOCOC75GO*- ! e 9 A ^ C Ml: SOjCOIpdoB^--'-! I O 3 i 0> c3 ^ * rt rt Jeffers, William N : '.*>,* *^*. "S- **- *. *.PH M i-! a s > :* : ^ : 3 Lamar, Mirabeau B Lamar, Mirabeau B Larued, Samuel Kilpatrick, Juds Koerner, Gusta Kriesmann, H. . La Branch, Ale Lakc,SheltonF Lamar, Mirabej STATISTICAL RECORDS. 513 o oi 7 -- '^ l 5*518 l ? Is ft PH A O 5 'N > a o.2 *i is "o'S : OOOOOOCOtOOOQOOOOOOOCOGOOOQOOO OS C *H eq b- IO O >O TH CD U3 C5 cooocooooooot^ oo co co eo -* O C-) US oooooooo a . c3 rt If pip - escirtcirtcSrtcSocJO) t-3 Hi h^ H^i Hi K? >-? 33 'o. 2 S 3 .9 5 s" " S" 3J: .'E !S o 1 ^ 3 J rs .2 a i ;::::::::::::: : : : : '3 a cooocbcb oooDoooooocoooooa3oooooocooocbcooooooo< * CO t~ GO os t- 8 a g d a> > ti o 2 g|3| s*|i "!p&Cg;&n In o kfltc 020020 Ji |oS Sd : . : dSso| | ia'S^ .|go^g.ijg T5 ^ r ooog.|^g t/opq o S p^ ^fsj o"SoooH^oS OH IOSOH M |q |u i Moore, Thomas P.* H : : :. :s|S co OJ * -rt S^ iilrf llll cSrtcJO OOOO 8 : :2S^^I 5^W-^ B ' Si tJ 12 T*-o-U- 3 a 8 s fl I|l^||3||f5||||| sssssssssi^SsJisxs o o STATISTICAL EEGOEDS. 515 OO r-t 5 I 53 M |B rfS S .52 03 " % " o ~ a "J <2 N PH ' OOD ; *& rC! 1 s^ fl '"I i ? I || ceaocoaDoot^t^GOooaocoaoGO CO -l -* 00 GO t^t^ oococooocooocoodooi--(X>aoaocbcb i o CO E o t3 I.,.'.'..'.'..'.', a a o ::::: 03 : : : : i : is :2 Si i ill 7j O * *"* S* c3 JSO^H^-^^tH^^^ " O 3^ "*^ U AnP H H O P=H fc PM j?jO a . . . Texas . . . Hanseatic and FJ S : ::!::: . Argentine Coiif tion. oa ^ '':' O> !H 0) *> " fT) * 03 25 S fieSgl O-gcJ cfcS'-'o 52iS E-tcoHOOM : .3 : ^ ? : *f a '-3 -c .2 *a 'S o f^co i ,.:... ^ :::::! g| : :~ a . a . a ::::::: : > Minister Resident ; .2 ; : : a .2 s * : S I *D 13 . ^ t| O^j'73 lifii&hiil iii On^n^t-^ 53 n * **&* si Sri rs-a s ,/i M 73 S co a o H o *j - g!s Mia ISIId'Sf, UScooiiuSOcoS j^co Charge d'Affaires . . Consul General Minister Resident . . En. Ex. and Min. PI Dragoman Minister Plenipoteni Charge d'Affaires . . Commissioner En. Ex. and Min. PI Minister Resident . . +3 ::::;::: ^ S3 . . . +J . g* I 8 * S * S M ^^ ^3 O ^3 ^ 'b fc, 3 g .3 "S)"! To o 2 "3 " c ::::**;:: :g ^-g^co-S a~ a" o o cf S* S"'*^ ^"^ *3 o ^ 516 STATISTICAL HE COEDS. Eemarks. Died in 18G7, while in office. In 1852 appointed, with R. C. Schenck, to negotiate treaties with Uruguay and Par- aguay. Authorized to negotiate with Paraguay, etc. In 1838 authorized to negotiate with Ecuador. 9i II cc ^2 ^ s >,! S c3 Bfl .2 u tfj 5S a '! 1: -3 t-^ O CO I U t-( C3 c s M quently Elbridge Gerry, to negotiate with France. Appointed, jointly with James Monroe, to negotiate with Great Britain. * h A *0 1O ift i 1 CO O CO CO CO CO CO co ~# -* o >o o CO CO CO cococooococooocbcboo l-H CO i-H i^> f i O CO CO CO O f- O CJ t~ I- > : o : : Commissioner ..... Secretary of Legation . ..... Minister Resident Commissioner and Cons cral Minister Resident Charge d'Aflaires Minister Resident do do Charge d' Affaires Secretary of Legation. sa a a eg . .2 .2 -2 .9 I "VG ^ fcC g bC j X B ^ s v ? o o f^ H ?? D o a ^3 Minister Resident Secretary of Legation. Minister Plenipotentiai 9 0^ ^On o S o a C3 M % a W Minister Plenipotentiar En. Ex. and Min. Pleu. Commissioner Plen. a traordinary. Minister Pleuipotcntiar do do En. Ex. and Mill. Plen. I ct : co . r-c CO :Sg ' fes a 5 O 'il .- ji & ji *> * ~ ^4 o 3 "o 13-0 o o ^ Pendleton, John S.* .... Pendleton, John S.* Pennington, W. S I-S ' CO * *^ ;-ooo t-i !>> O ^ O 0) O> '** ^ "tj *J ^4 ^ ^A ^ ^* ^ rt O O O es S Charles* * 3 Charles C Charles C 05 t/l * ill Pinkuey, William* Piukney, William* Pinkney, William* Pike, Jan" Piuckney Pinckney Pinckney Pinckney >>.. 0) >> O G "3 "w J2 c a a 5 o STATISTICAL RECOEDS. 517 to O I o to o t- IQ ft'*O' iC5->;j<^ - _ - -,......,.. COCOOOCO OOOOQOQOOOQOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOGOCOOOCOCOaD OOOOOOaOOOOJCOODOOOO . : cs - o <3 uo'3 o S .... :::; es co : : : : : 2 : : s" : S : : 3 * -J' W ^ ^3 3 ^'C>4>Q,tj5jljt-OE, . . w "i . . r? 4^ . p^coSoOps< -O P-icc^McoSHO I d a 1 I '. '. Id ' '. '. '. a . Q . O) .. .. .O >> . . O> .*! "rt A l ~" 1 "I " -ta *"OO^ *j^"C a ic d g. < a w-j-c-aa a d ^ o o 2 .* *_4S2s3_i?'.?j o> WO.M t; |_5 < M .^3 cs.^'Crt.Sg * "n . "C ^ 1 *o S 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 p^^Tj; ^Jo^pHS^a ; PS fcc"^ PS a ._, b"^ ^ 'cs'o^i^O^^ t 4 * a 1^3^ c3 O C4 vJJ jj x^ * ^^ V Q> ^ ^H vO W " O ^^ v 3 C> 1^1 "S "S ? c a fcc O ? Wlto 3 fcJ3rv] o O to -2 WM M / -H -. -l ' ' M __. VJ (M .r-* Wi t~t <* __ __1 . J S^ . . r~l ~ s3=3 . cs^acsaacs .^^awcsa . ^ --cj-Da j.ojs^o^sa "-" a,j3 s a gojow o .ooSoos .Scoops ; : i i : i i : : ; : >> '. : ; : '. : a a o a S3 . a a ;o;;o.2 '+* '. I I ! <5o ) '"io :>a ' "^^"iwofa a" 2 ^ ft ii *= 'i'-q 2 ^ ^ -^ Oco :SccH O HcocoSoSoccHco* *g* *::::: ^ p; * *.*::: S S : SB J ?i r H S > 1 Ji : 1 a pj O u a "Kg^^ : .j ; *, ; : 518 STATISTICAL RECORDS. Itemarks. OTO .2 * 3 i SB 5 g ^ c3 o a g . +2 o fcc a o B C t S 2 a -3 J J3 O cl ^3 5 S S cT^ ^ .* O O SSi3 ao SSSScc^; flc O2O2O2O2O2O2 O2O2 o O s 6 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 519 o 3 o . "3 SQ O aS oocot^i^-t^coaooooooocooooDcrjooaooooooo c3 a 3 a : 1 : : :3- : -a J3 : : ! B S i 8 . 7: MM ggllfciSgJUlfllfffilfJ slllllslgllllilllll 2,S I^&otHatiDO^ ^>.^acOO^S .OcoSOco^KW^ Greece "3 8 y.s B -3 s H s< S o s Sweden . . . .0 >,. a H o .3 N .S M 03 a h ID 3 a a a s^= Austria Great Britain . . . Austria Venezuela Pontifical States Guatemala Peru U. S. of Colombi s| II a&a o'-3 o : :|> o IS ^ o 3 g . o"^ o gj J "P '". ** -~ *-?* s^ ' ' *H : s x -O "S too . o 43 : 5 wo -^ . =1-1 B CM ooo C> p4 O O202O5 I s : o a:< a M a tco dj o 4) r> a .s p -c n5 -a S ? -5 5 a 3 02 ?C C CO o c/3 s 53 s a o a 520 STATISTICAL EE COEDS. Ilemarks. Died in office. Authorized to negotiate a treaty with Bo livia. 1 2 in S CQ '3 p o "o a S a to CO 3 S3 O c< p Is ^.S t^ CN CO i *-< CN CO CO CO C>( ^ CD ^ CO CO GO CO CO CO CO CO COt-F-HCX)COb-COGOt-~COi-iCNJcaO'-O-*COeO co -* * o co -* o o CM 10 co co co ^f co en o 10 is 10 GOcocoaococoGOcccocooococoGoccGOcoGOccco 10 ^-i CO cxj CO CM -+l ^t< 10 O CO CO CO CO CO Continued i i 1 5 1 : ! : 1 i * > * o ' .s i _o a 1 S "S S'S 3 S "3 S tc aj > p^ o CC F3 S PH Scs^p'S^ciajcsnaj ; ;scj'rtS,*!!3'rt .S 'S ' -^ _3 r inisters ;; ili > d a''* I S * : * a a * ' ' a 9 . 5 -. g . , . :, . g . g . S . -. O ^ e 1 Commissioner.... Secretary of Legati do do Consul General . . . En. Ex. and Min. P Charge d' Affaires . P-ic-H 1 Pn ; -g --g -P-IO " ^ .'2 g 3 J d | .- ^ -5 3 ~ i 1 3 g - |i l|li^l^|!li &lil cS.^owS.'Srt^Bo^O^ '^"S"^^ M ' : +3 Pn fc'fj'O TS r^ a> .3 ^ ^-S *S > "S s a o o _o -S W CC 023 Kame. i "S j= oJ ^ 3 E^ c o P3 Si g ? ^ s S 1 o rt rt rt o rC -d -3 H H H H H H H : : >i i : : a 5 : * : : : * : = ~& : * * a PL! ou .3 "3 '. "* ; : ': : E" 1 ' "a . s * ** H as |sgi^ 1 2 : : : g * g | .3 s C5 ^^O ^ **-> -*^ 3 ^ C PJ^',_I'_^' c5 c -^ fn'O^ a).^H.^2 o o'O ^r^.r^" c 3 3 o^ JaOOC.C. rt ^ -D ^2 fl ,3 O O O rfl O PH PH PH ^ STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 521 o a 3 'O -a "*HaS'BJi f'lw|g^SMW <] o CCOOCOOOKlOOOOCOCOOOCOOOOOCO ODOOOOCOOOOOOOOOCO OOCOOOCOCOCOOOOO @ :^ ''' PH P^ co E-i PH o ; _o ; ^ .o -g ; tfi a: SC < g ^C O a w vv _x to to -2 SB'S fc ta "S ^ J* O 'S b '3 o o 'S S 3 o 'S '3 -s :PH a -i : 13 a ' 03 a o : d | :d : a o '. : '-*- rH I | eS . Hi 73 la,;:: So - - :PI^ : : 'a S - tc a a o."o . S H -a rSj- O CM SHwtoa>a>S S^^rtjoc/J'^o 522 STATISTICAL EECOKDS. oft Appoi * *H IS 00 O O OO OOU5 IO CO CO >O SO >O 1C O oooooooooooo oooo 6 03 rt .2 fi P3 H ( 1 ^ c3 * . s ;sf5^ - lejti :S 3 i^?s^ ro 2--*, d - b - . - the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Colonies are, and, of right, ought to be, free and independent States; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all politic"al connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And, for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. JOHN HANCOCK. Josiah Bartlett, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Stephen Hopkins, Eoger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Robert Harris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, Csesar Rodney, NEW HAMPSHIRE. William Whipple, MASSACHUSETTS BAT. Robert Treat Paine, RHODE ISLAND. William Ellery. CONNECTICUT. William Williams, Matthew Thornton. Elbridge Gerry. YORK. Francis Lewis, NEW JERSEY. Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, PENNSYLVANIA. John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, DELAWARE. George Read, MARYLAND. fa.jauel Chase, William Paca, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, Oliver Wolcott. Lewis Morris. Abraham Clark. George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross. Thomas McKean. Thomas Stone. STATISTICAL EE COEDS. 527 VIRGINIA. George Wythe, Benjamin Harrison, Francis Lightfoot Lee,' Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Nelson, Jr., Carter Braxton. Thomas Jefferson, NORTH CAROLINA William Hooper, Joseph Hewes, John Perm. SOUTH CAROLINA. Edward Rutledge, Thomas Lynch, Jr., Arthur Middleton. Thomas Heywood, Jr., GEORGIA. Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton. Resolved, That copies of the Declaration be sent to the several assemblies, conven tions, and committees, or councils of safety, and to the several commanding officers of the Continental troops ; that it be proclaimed in each of the United States, and at the head of the army. STATISTICAL RECORDS. SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED, JULY 4, 1776. The following List of Members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Decla ration of Independence (although the names are included in the general list of that Congress, from 1774 to 1788), is given separately, for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth and the time of their respective deaths, for convenient reference : Names of the signers. Born at Delegated from Died. Braintree, Mass Oct. 19 1735 Massachusetts .... Massachusetts .... New Hampshire.. July 4, 1820 Oct. 2, 1803 May 1'.), 1795 Oct. 10, 1797 Nov. 14, 1832 June 10, 1811 Sept., 1794 Jan. 23, 1813 Feb. 15, 1820 Aug. 4, 1821 April 17, 1790 Nov. 23, 1814 May 27, 1777 Feb., 1700 Oct. 8, 1793 April, 1791 1780 March, 1809 Nov. 10, 1779 Oct., 1790 July 13, 1785 May 9, 17!X) Jan. 5, 1790 July 4, 1820 April, 1797 June 19, 1794 Dec. 30, 1803 June 12, 1773 Lost at sea, 1779 June 24, 1S17 Jan 1, 1787 Jan. 22, 1798 May 8, ISOfl April, 1777 Jan. 4, 1789 1799 May 11, 1804 Oct. 20, 1809 1798 1783 Julv, 1779 April 10, 1813 Jan. 23, 1803 July 23, 1793 July 11, 1800 Feb. 28, 17S1 Oct. 5, 1787 Feb. 23, 1781 June 24, 1803 Feb. 2, 1805 Nov. 28, 1785 Aug. 2, 1811 Aug. 28, 1798 Nov. 15, 1794 Dec. 1, 1797 June 8, 1800 Boston, Mass Sept. 27, 1722 Amesbury, Mass inNov., 1729 Newington, Va Sept. 10 17.'i(i Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton Chase, Samuel Clark, Abraham Cl ymer, George Ellery, William Floyd William Annapolis, Md Sept. 20, 1737 Somerset Co., Md April 17, 1741 Elizabethtown, N. J..Feb. 15, 1720 Philadelphia, Pa in 1739 Newport, 11. 1 Dec. 22, 1727 Suftblk Co., N. Y Dec. 17, 1734 Boston, Mass Jan. 17, 1700 Maryland Pennsylvania R. I. and Prov. PI. New York Pennsylvania Massachusetts .... Georgia Marblehead, Mass.... July 17, 1744 England in 1732 Gwinnett, Button Massachusetts .... Virginia New Jersey Berkeley, Va Hopewell, N. J about 1715 St. Luke's, S. C in 1740 Kingston, N.J in 1730 Hart, John Heyward, Thomas, Jr Hewes, Joseph South Carolina . . . North Carolina . . . North Carolina . . . R. I. and Prov. PI. Hopkins, Stephen Hopkinson, Francis Huntington, Samuel Jefferson, Thomas , Scituate, It. I March 7, 1707 Philadelphia, Pa in 1737 Windham, Conn July 3, 1732 Shadwell, Va April 13, 1743 Connecticut Stratford, Va Jan. 20, 1732 Landaff, Wales in Mar., 1713 Albany, N. Y Jan. 15,1710 New York St. George's, S. C....Aug. 5, 1749 Chester Co., Pa Mar. 19, 1734 Middleton Place, S. C.in 1743 Morrisania, N. Y in 1720 Lancashire, Eng Jan., 1733-'4 Ridley Pa in 1724 South Carolina ... South Carolina . . . New York Morris, Lewis Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Nelson, Thomas, Jr York, Va Dec. 26, 1738 Wye Hill, Md Oct. 31, 1740 Maryland Massachusetts .... North Carolina. . . Caroline Co., Va May 17, 1741 Cecil Co. , Md in 1734 Dover, Del in 1730 New Castle, Del In 1730 Byberry, Pa Dec. 24,1715 Charleston, S. C in Nov., 1749 Newton Mass April 19, 17'* 1 Read, George Kodncy, Caesar Delaware Pennsylvania Pennsylvania South Carolina... Rush, Benjamin, M.D Rutleclgc, Edward Smith, James Stockton, Hichard Stone, Thomas Pennsylvania New Jersey Princeton, N. J Oct. 1, 1730 Charles Co., Md in 1/42 Ireland in 1710 Pennsylvania New Hampshire. . "Walton, George Whipple, William Willi'ims William . Frederick Co., Va. . . .in 1740 Kittery, Me In 1730 New Hampshire.. Connecticut Pennsylvania . . . Witherspoon, John Wolcott Oliver Yester, Scotland Feb. 5,1722 Connecticut Virginia Wylhe, George ElizabetnCityCo.,Va.in 1720 STATISTICAL EECORDS. 529 DELEGATES TO THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS, FROM 1774 to 1778. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Bartlett, Josiah, 1775-'79 Blauchard, Jonathaa 1783-'84 Folsom, Nathaniel 1774-75 do 1777-'78 do 1779-'80 Foster, Abiel 1783-'S5 Frost, George 1777-79 Oilman, John Taylor 1782-'83 Oilman, Nicholas 1786-'88 Langdon, John 1775-77 do 1786-87 Langdon, Woodbury 1779-'80 Livermore, Samuel 1780-'83 do 1785-'86 Long, Pierce 1784-'86 Peabody, Nathaniel 1779-'80 Sullivan, John 1774-75 do 1780-'81 Thornton, Matthew 1776-78 Wentworth, John, Jr 1778-79 Whipple, William 1776-79 White, Phillips 1782-'83 Wingate, Paine 1787-88 MASSACHUSETTS. Adams, John 1774-78 Adams, Samuel 1774-'82 Cushing, Thomas 1774-76 Dana, Francis 1776-78 do 1784-84 Dane, Nathan 1785-'88 Gerry, Elbridge 1776-'81 do 1782-'85 Gorham, Nathaniel 1782-'83 do 1785-'87 Hancock, John 1775-'80 do 1785-'86 Higginson, Stephen 1782-'83 Holten, Samuel 177S-'80 do 1782-83 do 1784-'85 do 1786-'87 Jackson, Jonathan 1782-'82 King, Rufus 1784-87 Lovell, James 1776-'82 Lowell, John 1782-'83 Osgood, Samuel 1780-'84 Otis, Samuel A 1787-'88 Paine, Robert Treat 1774-78 Partridge, George 1779-'82 do 1783-'85 Sedgwick, Theodore 1785-'88 Sullivan, James 1782-'82 84 Thacher, George 1 787-'88 Ward, Artemas 1780-'81 RHODE ISLAND. Arnold, Jonathan 1 782-'S4 Arnold, Peleg 17S7-'89 Collins, John 1778-83 Cornell, Ezekiel 1780-'83 Ellery, William 1776-'81 do 1783-'85 Hazard, Jonathan J 1787-'89 Hopkins, Stephen 1774-'80 Howell, David 1782-'85 Manning, James 1785-'86 Marchaut, Henry 1777-'80 do 1783-'84: Miller, Nathan 1783-'8G Mowry, Daniel 17SO-'82 Varuum, James M 1780-'82 do 1786-'87 Ward, Samuel 1774-76 CONNECTICUT. Adams, Andrew 1777-'80 do 1781-'82 Cooke, Joseph P 1784-'88 Deane, Silas 1774-76 Dyer, Eliphalet 1774-7!) do 1780-'83 Edwards, Pierpont 1787-'88 Ellsworth, Oliver 1777-'84 Hillhouse, William 1783-'8G Hosmer, Titus 1775-76 do 1777-79 Huntington, Benjamin 1780-'84 do 1787-88 Huntington, Samuel 1776-'84 Johnson, William S 1784-'87 Law, Richard 1777-78 do 1781-'84 Mitchell, Stephen M 1783-'84 do 1785-'88 do 1787-'88 Root, Jesse 1778-'83 Sherman, Roger 1774-'84 Spencer, Joseph 1778-79 Strong, Jedecliah 1782-'84 Sturges, Jonathan 1785-'87 Treaclwell, John 1785-'86 Trumbull, Joseph 1774-75 Wadsworth, James 1783-'84 do 1785-'86 Wadsworth, Jeremiah 1787-'88 Williams, William 1776-78 530 STATISTICAL BECOEDS. Williams, William 1783-'84 Wolcott, Oliver 1775-'78 do 1780-'84 NEW YORK. Alsop, John 1774-76 Benson, Egbert 1784-'85 do 17S6-'S8 Boeruin, Simon 1774-77 Clinton, George 1775-'77 De Witt, Charles 1783-'85 Duane, James 1774-'84 Duer, William 1777-'78 Floyd, William 1774-77 do 1778-'S3 Gansevoort, Leonard 1787-'88 Hamilton, Alexander 1782-'83 do 17S7-'8S Baring, John 1774-75 do 17S5-'8S Jay, John 1774-77 do 1778-79 Lansing, John 1784-'88 Lawrance, John 1785-'87 Lewis, Francis 1777-79 Livingston, Philip 1774-78 Livingston, Robert R 1775-77 do 1779-'81 Livingston, Walter 1784-'85 Low, Isaac 1774-75 L'Hommeclieu, Ezra 1779-'S3 do . ' 1787-'S8 Morris, Gouverneur 1777-'80 Morris, Lewis 1775-77 McDougall, Alexander 1781-'82 do 1784-'85 Paine, Ephraim 1784-'85 Platt, Zephaniah 1784-'86 Schuyler, Philip 1775-75 do 1778-'81 Scott, John Morin 1780-'83 Smith, Melancthon 1785-88 Wisner, Henry 1774-7G Yates, Abraham, Jr 17S7-'8S Yates, Peter W 1785-'87 NEW JERSEY. Beatty, John 1783-'S5 Boudlnot, Elias 1777-78 do 1781-'84 Burnett, W 1780-'81 Cadwallader, Lambert 1784-'87 Clark, Abraham 1776-'82 do 1787-'88 Condict, Silas 1781-84 Cooper, John 1776-76 Craae, Stephen 1774-76 Dayton, Elias 1787-88 De Hart, John 1774-76 Dick, Samuel 1783-'84 Elmer, Jonathan 1776-78 do 1781-'84 do 1787-'88 Fell, John 177S-'80 Frelinghuysen, Frederick 1778-79 do 1782-'83 Henderson, Thomas 1 779-'80 Hopkinton, Francis 1776-77 Hornblower, Josiah 1785-'86 Houston, William C 1779-'82 do 1784-'85 Kinsey, James 1774-75 Livingston, William 1774-7G Neilson, John 1778-79 Scheurman, J 178G-'87 Scudder, Nathaniel 1777-79 Sergeant, Jonathan D 1776-77 Smith, Richard 1774-76 Stewart, Archibald 1784-'85 Stockton, Richard 1776-77 Symmes, John C 1785-'8G Witherspoon, John 1776-'83 PENNSYLVANIA. Allen, Andrew 1775-76 Armstrong, John 1778-'80 do 1787-'88 Atlee, Samuel 1778-'82 Bayard, John 1785-'S7 Biddle, Edward 1774-7G do 1778-79 Bingham, William 1787-'88 Clarkson, Matthew 1785-'86 Cliugan, William 1777-79 Clymer, George 1776-78 do 1780-'S3 Dickinson, John 1774-76 Fitzsimmons, Thomas 1782-'83 Franklin, Ben-jamin 1775-76 Galloway, Joseph 1774-75 Gardner, Joseph 1784-'85 Hand, Edward 1784-'85 Henry, William 1784-'86 Humphreys, Charles 1774-76 Ingersoll, Jared 1780-'81 Irwine, William 1786-'88 Jackson, David 1785-86 Matlack, Timothy 1780-'81 McClene, James 1778-'80 Meredith, Samuel 1787-'88 Mifflin, Thomas 1774-76 do 1782-'84 Morris, Charles 1783-'S4 Morris, Robert 1776-78 Montgomery, Joseph 1780-'84 Morton, John 1774-77 Muhlenberg, Frederick A 1778-'80 Peters, Richard 1782-'83 Pettit, Charles 1785-'87 Read, J 1787-'88 Reed, Joseph 1777-78 Rhodes, Samuel 1774-75 Roberdeau, Daniel 1777-79 Ross, George 1774-77 Rush, Benjamin 1776-77 Searle, James 177S-'80 Shippen, William 177S-'80 Smith, James 1776-78 Smith, Jonathan B 1777-78 Smith, Thomas 1780-'S2 St. Clair, Arthur 1785-'87 Taylor, George 1776-77 Willing, Thomas 1775-76 Wilson, James 1775-78 do 1782-'S3 do 1785-'87 Wynkoop, Henry 1779-'S3 STATISTICAL RECORDS. 531 DELAWARE. Bedford, Gunning 1783-'S5 do ". 178G-'87 Bedford, Gunning, Jr 1785-'86 Dickiusoa John 1776-77 do 1779-'SO Dickinson, Philemon 1782-'83 Evans. John 1776-'77 Kearney, Dy re 17S6-'88 McComb, Eleazer 178?-'84 Mitchell, Nathaniel 17S6-'S8 McKean, Thomas 1774-76 do 1778-'83 Patton, John 1785-'86 Pecry, William 1785-'86 Head, George 1774-77 Rodney, Cajsar 1774-76 do 1777-78 do 1783-'84 Eodney, Thomas 1781-'83 do 1785-'87 Sykes, James 1777-78 Tilton, James 1783-'85 Van Dyke, Nicholas 1777-'82 Vining, John 1784-'86 Wharfon, Samuel 1782-'83 MARYLAND. Alexander, Robert 1775-77 Carmichael, William 1778-'80 Carroll, Charles 1776-78 Carroll, Daniel 1780-'84 Chase, Jeremiah T 1783-'84 Chase, Samuel 1774-78 do 1784-'85 Contee, Benjamin 1787-'88 Forbes, James 1778-'80 Forrest, Uriah 1786-'87 Goldsborough, Robert 1774-75 Hall, John 1775-76 do 1783-'S4 Hanson, John 1781-'83 Harrison, William 1785-'87 Hemsley, William 1782-'84 Henry, John 1778-'81 do 1784-'87 Hindman, William 1784-'87 Howard, John E 1787-'S8 Jenifer, I)., of St. Thomas 1778-'82 Johnson, Thomas 1775-77 Lee, Thomas Sim 1783-'84 Lloyd, Edward 1783-'84 Martin, Luther 1784-'85 McHenry, James 1783- ? 86 Paca, William 1774-79 Plater, George 1778-'81 Potts, Richard 1781-82 Ramsay, Nathaniel 1785-'87 Ridgely, Richard 1785-'86 Rogers, John 1775-76 Ross, David 1786-'87 Rumsey, Benjamin 1776-78 Scott, Gustavus 1784- '85 Seney, Joshua 1787-'S8 Smith, William 1777-78 Stone, Thomas 1775-79 do 1784-'85 Tilghman, Matthew 1774-77 Wright, Turbett 1781-82 VIRGINIA. Adams, Thomas 1778-'80 Banister, John 1778-79 Bland, Richard 1774-76 Bland, Theodoric 1780-83 Braxton, Carter 1776-76 Brown, John l787-'88 Carrington, Edward 1785-'83 PRESIDENTS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. . FROM 1774 TO 1788. . FROM. ELTCCTED. Peyton Randolph Virginia September 5, 1774. Henry Micldletou South Carolina October 22, 1774. Peyton Randolph Virginia May 10, 1775. John Hancock Massachusetts May 24, 1 775. Henry Laureus South Carolina November 1, 1777. John Jay New York December 10, 1778. Samuel Huntington Connecticut September 28, 1779. Thomas McKean Delaware July 10, 1781. John Hanson Maryland November 5, 1781. Elias Boudinot New Jersey November 4, 1782. Thomas Mifflin Pennsylvania November 3, 1783. Richard Henry Lee Virginia November 30, 1784. Nathaniel Gorham Massachusetts June 6, 178G. Arthur St Clair Pennsylvania February 2, 1787. Cyrus Griffin Virginia January 22, 1788. SESSIONS OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS. The sessions of the Continental Congress were commenced as follows : September 5, 1774, also May 10, 1775, at Philadelphia; December 20, 1776, at Balti more ; March 4, 1777, at Philadelphia; September 27, 1777, at Lancaster, Pennsylvania; September 30, 1777, at York, Pennsylvania; July 2, 1778, at Philadelphia; June 30, 1783, at Princeton, New Jersey; November 26, 1783, at Annapolis, Maryland; November 1, 1784, at Trenton, New Jersey; January 11, 1785, at New York, which, from that time, continued to be the place of meeting until the adoption of the Constitution of the United States. From 1781 to 1788 Congress met annually on the first Monday in November, pursuant to the Articles of Confederation. 534 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. TO ALL TO WHOM Til BSE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE, THE UNDERSIGNED, DELEGATES OF THE STATES AFFIXED TO OUR NAMES, SEND GREETING : Whereas the delegates of the United States of America in Congress assembled did, on the fifteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred, and seventy-seven, and in the second year of the independence of America, agree to certain articles of confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hamp shire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, in the words following, viz. : Articles of Confederation and perpetual Union between the States of New Hampshire, Massa chusetts Bay, llhode Island and Providence Plantations, Connecticut, New York, J\'ew Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delatcare, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and (Georgia. ARTICLE 1. The style of this confederacy shall be, " The United States of America." ART. 2. Each State retains its sovereignt3 r , freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled. ART. 3. The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other for their common defence, the security of their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare; binding themselves to assist each other against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatever. AUT. 4. The better to secure and perpetuate mutual friendship and intercourse among the people of the different States in this Union, the free inhabitants of eacli of these States, paupers, vagabonds, and fugitives from justice excepted, shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of free citizens in the several States; and the people of each State shall have free ingress and regress to and from any other State, and shall enjoy therein all the privileges of trade and commerce, subject to the same duties, imposi tions, and restrictions, as the inhabitants thereof respectively ; provided that such re strictions shall not extend so far as to prevent the removal of property imported into any State to any other State, of which the owner is an inhabitant; provided also, that no imposition, duties, or restriction, shall be laid by any State on the property of the United States or either of them. If any person guilty of or charged with treason, felony, or other high misdemeanor, in any State, shall flee from justice, and be found in any of the United States, he shall, upon demand of the Governor or Executive power of the State from which he fled, be delivered up and removed to the State having jurisdiction of his offence. Full faith and credit shall be given in each ot these States to the records, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other State. ART. 5. For the more convenient management of the general interests of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the Legislature of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November in every yeai*, with a power reserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year. No State shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven members ; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years ; nor shall any person, being a delegate, be capable of holding any office under the United States, for which he, or another for his benefit, receives any salary, fees, or emoluments of any kind. Each State shall maintain its own delegates in a meeting of the States, and while they act as members of the committee of the States. In determining questions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. Freedom of speech and debate in Congress shall not be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of Congress ; and the members of Congress shall be protected in their persons from arrests and imprisonments during the time of their going to and from and attendance on Congress, except' for treason, felony, or breach of the peace. AUT. G. No State, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, shall send any embassy to, or receive any embassy from, or enter into any conference, agreement, alliance, or treaty, with any king, prince, or state; nor shall any person holding any office of profit or trust under the United States, or any of them, accept of STATISTICAL EEQORDS. 535 any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign state; nor shall the United States in Congress assembled, or any of them, grant any title of nobility. No two or more States shall enter Into any treaty, confederation, or alliance what ever, between them, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into and how long it shall continue. No State shall lay any imposts or duties which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties entered into by the United States in Congress assembled, with any king, prince, or state, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress to tho courts of France and Spain. No vessel-of-war shall be kept up in time of peace by any State, except such number only as shall be deemed necessary by the United States in Congress assembled for tho defence of such State or its trade; nor shall any body of forces be kept up by any State in time of peace except such number only as in the judgment of tue United States in Congress assembled, shall be deemed requisite to garrison the forts necessary for the defence of such State; but every State shall always keep up a well-regulated and disci plined militia, sufficiently armed and accoutred, and shall provide and have constantly ready for use, in public stores, a due number of field-pieces and tents, and a proper quantity of arms, ammunition, and camp equipage. No Stale shall engage in an}- war without the consent of the United States in Con gress assembled, unless such State be actually invaded by enemies, or shall have re ceived certain advice of a resolution being formed by some nation of Indians to invade such State, and the danger is so imminent as not to admit of a delay till the United States in Congress assembled can be consulted ; nor shall any State grant commissions to auy ships or vessels-of-war, nor letters of marque or reprisal, except it be after a declaration of war by the United States in Congress assembled, and then only against the kingdom or State and the subjects thereof, against which war has been so declared, and under such regulations as shall be established by the United States in Congress assembled, unless such State be infested by pirates, in which case vessels-of-war may be fitted out for that occasion, and kept so long as the danger shall continue, or until the United States in Congress assembled shall determine otherwise. ART. 7. When land forces are raised by any State for the common defence, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment. ART. 8. All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the com mon defence or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assem bled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State granted to or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be esti mated according to such mode as the United States iu Congress assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint. The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States, within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. ART. 9. The United States in Congress assembled shall have the sole and exclusive rig'it and power of determining on peace and war, except in the cases mentioned in the sixth article of sending and receiving ambassadors entering into treaties and alli ances; provided, that no treaty of commerce shall be made whereby the legislative power of the respective States shall be restrained from imposing such imposts and duties on foreigners as their own people are subjected to, or from prohibiting the ex portation or importation of any species of goods or commodities whatsoever of estab lishing rules for deciding in all cases what captures on land or water shall be legal, and in what manner prizes taken by land or naval forces in the service of the United States shall be divided or appropriated of granting letters of marque and reprisal in times of peace appointing courts for the trial of piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and establishing courts for receiving and determining finally appeals in all cases of captures : provided, that no member of Congress shall be appointed a judge of any of the said courts. The United States in Congress assembled shall also be the last resort on appeal in all disputes and differences now subsisting or that hereafter may arise between two or more States concerning boundary, jurisdiction, or any other cause whatever; which authority shall always be exercised in the manner following : whenever the legislative or executive authority or lawful agent of any State in controversy with another shall present a petition to Congress, stating the matter in question, and praying for a hear ing, notice thereof shall be given by order of Congress to the legislative or executive authority of the other State in controversy, and a day assigned for the appearance of the parties, by their lawful agents, who shall then be directed to appoint by joint con sent commissioners or judges to constitute a court for hearing and determining the 536 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. matter in question; but if they cannot agree, Congress shall name three persons out of each of the United States, and from the list of such persons each party shall alter nately strike out one, the petitioners beginning, until the number shall be reduced to thirteen ; and from that number not less than seven nor more than nine names, as Con gress shall direct, shall, in the presence of Congress, be drawn out by lot; and the per sons whose names shall be so drawn, or any live of them, sliall be commissioners or judges, to hear and finally determine the controversy, so always as a major part of the judges, who shall hear the cause, shall agree in the determination ; and if either party shall neglect to attend at the day appointed, without showing reasons which Congress shall judge suiilcient,or being present shall refuse to strike, the Congress shall proceed to nominate three persons out of each State, and the secretary of Congress shall strike in behalf of such party absent or refusing; and the judgment and sentence of the court, to be appointed in the manner before prescribed, shall be final and conclusive ; and if any of the parties shall refuse to submit to the authority of such court, or to appear, or de fend their claim or cause, the court shall nevertheless proceed to pronounce sentence or judgment, which shall in like manner be final and decisive, the judgment or sentence and other proceedings being in either case transmitted to Congress, and lodged among the acts of Congress for the security of the parties concerned : provided, that every commissioner, before he sits in judgment, sliall take an oath, to be administered by one of the judges of the supreme or superior court of the State, where the cause shall be tried, " well and truly to hear and determine the matter in question, according to the best of his judgment, without favor, affection, or hope of reward:" provided, also, that 110 State shall be deprived of territory for the beneh't of the United States. All controversies concerning the private right of soil, claimed under different grants of two or more States, whose jurisdiction as they may respect such lands and the ^States which passed such grants are adjusted, the said grants or either of them being at the same time claimed to have originated antecedent to such settlement of jurisdiction, shall, on the petition of either party to the Congress of the United States, be finally determined, as near as may be, in the same manner as is before prescribed for deciding disputes respecting territorial jurisdiction between different States. The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective States fixing the standard of weights and measures through out the United States regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians not members of any of the States : provided that the legislative right of any State within its own limits be not infringed or violated establishing and regulating post-of fices from one State to another throughout all the United States, and exacting such postage on the papers passing through the same, as may be requisite to defray the ex penses of the said office appointing all officers of the land forces in the service of the United States excepting regimental officers appointing all the officers of the naval forces, and commissioning all officers whatever in the service of the United States making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing their operations. The United States in Congress assembled shall have authority to appoint a committee to sit in the recess of Congress, to be denominated " a committee of the States," and to consist of one delegate from each State; and to appoint such other committees and civil officers as may be necessary for managing the general affairs of the United States, under their direction to appoint one of their number to preside, provided that no per son be allowed to serve in the office of president more than one year in any term of three years to ascertain the necessary sums of money to be raised for the service of the United States, and to appropriate and apply the same for defraying the public ex pensesto borrow money or emit bills on the credit of the United States, transmitting every half year to the respective States an account of the sums of money so borrowed or emitted to build and equip a navy to agree upon the number of land forces, and to make requisitions from each State for its quota, in proportion to the number of white inhabitants in such State ; which requisition shall be binding, and thereupon the legislature of each State shall appoint the regimental officers, raise the men, and clothe, arm, and equip them, in a soldier-like manner, at the expense of the United States ; and the officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appoint ed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled : but if the United States in Congress assembled, shall, on consideration of circumstances, judge proper that any State should not raise men or should raise a smaller number than its quota, and that any other State should raise a greater number of men than the quota thereof, such extra number shall be raised, officered, clothed, armed, and equipped, in the same manner as the quota of such State, unless the legislature of such State shall judge that such extra number cannot safely be spared out of the same ; in which case they shall raise, officer, clothe, arm, and equip, as many of such extra number as they judge can be safely spared. And the officers and men so clothed, armed, and equipped, shall march to the place appointed, and within the time agreed on by the United States in Congress assembled. STATISTICAL KECOBDS. 537 The United States in Congress assembled shall never engage in a war, nor* grant letters of marque and reprisal iu time of peace, nor enter into any treaties or alliances, nor coin money, nor regulate the value thereof, nor ascertain the sums and expenses necessary for the defence and welfare of the United States or any of them, nor emit bills, nor borrow money on the credit of the United States, nor appropriate money, nor agree upon the number of vessels-of-war to be built or purchased, or the number of land or sea forces to be raised, nor appoint a commander-in-chief of the army and navy, unless nine States assent to the same; nor shall a question on any other point, except for adjourning from day to clay, be determined, unless by the votes of a majority of the United States in Congress assembled. The Congress of the United States shall have power to adjourn to any time within the year, and to anyplace within the United States, so that no period of adjournment be for a longer duration than the space of six months; and shall publish the journal of their proceedings monthly, except such parts thereof relating to treaties, alliances, or military operations, as in their judgment require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the delegates of each State on any question shall be entered on the journal, when it is desired by any delegate ; and the delegates of a State, or any of them, at his or their request, shall be furnished with a transcript of the said journal, except such parts as are above excepted, to lay before the legislatures of the several States. ART. 10. The committee of the State^, or any nine of them, shall be authorized to execute, iu the recess of Congress, such of the powers of Congress as the United States in Congress assembled, by the consent of nine States, shall from time to time think expedient to vest them with ; provided that no power be delegated to the said committee, for the'exercise of which, by the articles of confederation, the voice of nine States iu the Congress of the United States assembled is requisite. AUT. 11. Canada, acceding to this confederation, and joining in the measures of the United States, shall be admitted into, and entitled to, all the advantages of this Union ; but no other colony shall be admitted into the same unless such admission be agreed to . by nine States. AUT. 12. All bills of credit emitted, moneys borrowed, and debts contracted, by or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursu ance of the present confederation, shall be deemed and considered as a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the said United States and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged. ART. 13. Every State shall abide by the decision of the United States, in Congress assembled, on all questions which, by this confederation, are submitted to them. And the articles of this confederation shall be inviolably observed by every State, and the Union shall be perpetual ; nor shall any alteration at any time hereafter be made in any of them, unless such alteration be agreed to in a Congress of the United States, and be afterward confirmed by the legislature of every State. And whereas it has pleased the great Governor of the world to incline the hearts of the legislatures we respectively represent in Congress, to approve of and to authorize us to ratify the said articles of confederation and perpetual Union; know ye, that we, the undesigned delegates, by virtue of the power and authority to us given for that purpose, do, by these presents, iu the name and in behalf of our respective constituents, fully and entirely ratify and confirm each and every of the said articles of confederation and perpetual Union, and all and singular the matters and things therein contained ; and we do further solemnly pledge and engage the faith of our respective constituents, that they shall abide by the determinations of the United States in Congress assembled, on ail questions which, by the said confederation, are submitted to them ; and that the articles thereof shall be inviolably observed by the States we respectively represent; and that the Union be perpetual. In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands, in Congress. Done at Philadel phia, in the State of Pennsylvania, the ninth clay of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight, and in the third year of the independence of America. HAMPSHIRE. ERODE ISLAND. Josiah Bartlett, William Ellery, John Weutworth, Jr. Henry Marchaut, John Collins. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. \ John Hancock, CONNECTICUT. Samuel Adams, Roger Sherman, Elbridge Gerry, Samuel Huntingtou, Francis Dana, Oliver Wolcott, James Lovell, Titus Hosmer, Samuel Holton. Andrew Adams. 538 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. NEW YORK. James Duane, Francis Lewis, William Duer, Gouverneur Morris. NEW JERSEY. John Witherspoon, Nath. Scudder. PENNSYLVANIA. Robert Morris, Daniel Roberdeau, Jonathan Bayard Smith, William Clingan, Joseph Reed. DELAWARE. Thomas McKean, John Dickinson, Nicholas Van Dyke. MARYLAND. John Hanson, Daniel Carroll. VIRGINIA. Richard Henry Lee, John Banister, Thomas Adams, John Hawie, Fraitcis Lightfoot Lee. NORTH CAROLINA. John Penn, Cornelius Harnett, John Williams. SOUTH CAROLINA. Henry Laurens, William Henry Drayton, John Matthews, Richard Hutson, Thomas Hey ward, Jr. GEORGIA. George Walton, Edward Telfair, Edward Langworthy. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 539 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. [CAREFULLY COMPARED WITH THE ORIGINAL.] WE, the People of the Uuited States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this CONSTITUTION for the United States of America. ARTICLE 1. SECTION 1. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress .of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives. SECT. 2. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States, and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State Legislature. No person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the age of twen ty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen. Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be "determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, including those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meet ing of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such a manner as they shall by law direct. The number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hamp*- shire shall be entitled to choose three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Provi dence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, South Carolina five, and Georgia three. When vacancies happen in the representation from any State the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. The House of Representatives shall choose their Speaker and other officers ; and shall have the sole power of Impeachment. SECT. 3. The Senate of the United States shall bs composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six years ; and each Senator shall have one vote. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three classes. The seats of the Senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the expiration of the fourth year, and of the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one-third may be chosen every second year; and if vacancies happen by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the Legislature of any State, the Execu tive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the Legisla ture, which shall then fill such vacancies. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, bo an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. The Vice- President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 540 STATISTICAL BE COEDS. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a President pro tempore in the absence of the Vice-President, or when lie shall exercise the office of President of the United States. The Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. When sitting for that purpose they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried the Chief Justice shall preside; and no person shall be convicted with out the concurrence of two-thirds of tlie members present. Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from office,"and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punishment, according to law. SECT. 4. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Rep resentatives shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. SECT. 5. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members, and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business; but a smaller number may adjourn from clay to clay, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members in such manner and under such penalties as each House may provide. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings, punish its members for dis orderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member. Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one- fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. Neither House during the session of 'Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting. SECT. 6. The Senators and Representatives shall receive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest, during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either House they shall not be questioned in any other place. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either House during his continuance in office. SECT. 7. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsideration, two-thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two- thirds of that House it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays exceptccl) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law. Every order, resolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment), shall be presented to the President of the United States ; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or, being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations pre scribed in the case of a bill. SECT. 8. The Congress shall have power To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, inv posts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States ; To borrow money on the credit of the United States ; STATISTICAL EECORDS. 541 To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes; To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States; To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures ; To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the United States; To establish post-offices and post-roads ; To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries; To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court; To" define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations ; To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning cap tures on land and water; To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years ; To provide and maintain a navy; To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces ; To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions ; To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress ; To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not ex ceeding ten miles square), as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, became the seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the Legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings ; and To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. SECT. 9. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States now ex isting shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on sach importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another; nor shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title, of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. SECT. 10. No State shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant let ters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the*obligations of contracts, or grant any title of nobility. No State shall, without the consent of the Congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspec tion laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts, laid by any State on imports or exports, shall be for the use of the Treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of the Congress. No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships-of-war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or iu such imminent danger as will not a'dmit of delay. 542 STATISTICAL RECORDS. AKTICLE II. SECTION 1. The Executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no Senator or Representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector. [* The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for twq per sons, of whom one at leastshallnot be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a list of all the persons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Gov ernment of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole num ber of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately choose by ballot one of them for President ; and if no person have a majority, then from the five highest on the list the said House shall in like manner choose the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. In every case, after the choice of the President, the person having the greatest number of votes of the Electors shall be the Vice-President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate shall choose from them by ballot the Vice-President.] The Congress may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the day on which they shall give their vote ; which day shall be the same throughout the United States. No person except a natural -born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained to the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the same shall devolve on the Vice-President, and the Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability, both of the President and Vice-President, declaring what officer shall then act as President, and such officer shall act accordingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that period any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or af firmation : " Ida solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitu tion of the United States." SECT. 2. The President shall be Commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual ser vice of the United States ; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the Executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. * He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States, whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law, but the Congress may by law vest the appointment of such inferior officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of law, or in the Heads of Departments. * This clause within brackets has been superseded and annulled by the 1'^th amendment, on page 548. STATISTICAL RECOKDS. 543 The President shall have power to fill up all vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions which shall expire at the end of their next session. SKCT. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge nec essary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and, in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall re ceive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take care that the laws bo faithfully executed, and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SKCT. 4. The President, Vice President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. SECTION 1. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensa tion, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. SKCT. 2. The judicial power shall extend to all cases, in law and equity, arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or whicli shall be made, under their authority; to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction; to contro versies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies between two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State; between citizens of differ ent States ; between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States ; and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. In all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers, and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such exceptions, and under such regulations as the Con gress shall make. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. SECT. 3. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or on confession in open court. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attain der of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE IV. SECTION 1. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, rec ords, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. SECT. 2. The citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. A person charged in any State with treason, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. SECT. 3. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. The Congress shall have power to dispose of, and make all needful rules and regula tions respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and 544 STATISTICAL KF.COEDS. nothing in tliis Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. SECT. 4. The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republi can form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on ap plication of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be con vened), against domestic violence. ARTICLE V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of the House shall deem it necessaiy, shall pro pose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two- thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this* Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conven tions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro posed by the Congress : Provided, that no amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses of the ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, without its consent, shall be deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Con stitution shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursu ance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the laud; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the Constitution or laws of any State to the con trary notwithstanding. The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitu tion; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or pub lic trust under the United States. ARTICLE VII. The ratification of the Conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establish ment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the same. DONE in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty- seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. IN WITNESS whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, and Deputy from Virginia. NEW HAMPSHIRE. John Langdon, Nathaniel Gorham, William S. Johnson, Alexander Hamilton. William Livingston, William Paterson, . Benjamin Franklin, Robert Morris, Thomas Fitzsimmons, James Wilson, Nicholas Gilman. MASSACHUSETTS. CONNECTICUT. NEW YORK. Rufus King. Roger Sherman. NEW JERSEY. David Brearley, Jonathan Dayton. PENNSYLVANIA. Thomas Mifflin, George Clymer, Jared Ingersoll, Gouverueur Morris. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 545 DELAWARE. George Read, Gunning Bedford, Jr., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett. Jaco. Broom, ' MARYLAND. James McHenry, Daniel Jenifer, of St. Thomas. Daniel Carroll, VIRGINIA. John Blair, James Madison, Jr. NORTH CAROLINA. William Blount, Richard D. Speight. Hugh Williamson, SOUTH CAROLINA. J. Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler. GEORGIA. William Few, Abraham Baldwin. Attest : WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION WHICH FOEMED THE CONSTITUTION. IN CONVENTION. MONDAY, September 17, 1787. Resolved, That the preceding Constitution be laid before the United States in Con gress assembled ; and that it is the opinion of this Convention that it should afterwards be submitted to a Convention of Delegates, chosen in each State by the people thereof, under the recommendation of its Legislature, for their assent and ratification ; and that each Convention assenting to and ratifying the same should give notice thereof to the United States in Congress assembled. Itesolved, That it is the opinion of this Convention that, as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall have ratified this Constitution, the United States in Congress as sembled should fix a day on which Electors should be appointed by the States which shall have ratified the same, and a day on which Electors should assemble to vote for the President, and the time and place for commencing proceedings under this Consti tution ; that after such publication, the Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and Representatives elected; that the Electors should meet on the day fixed for the election of the President, and should transmit their votes, certified, signed, sealed, and directed, as the Constitution requires, to the Secretary of the United States in Con gress assembled; that the Senators and Representatives should convene at the time and place assigned ; that the Senators should appoint a President of the Senate, for the sole purpose of receiving, opening, and counting the votes for President ; and that, after he shall be chosen, the Congress, together with the President, should, without delay, proceed to execute this Constitution. By the unanimous order of the Convention. GEO. WASHINGTON, President. WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. 35 546 STATISTICAL EE COEDS. LETTER OF THE CONVENTION TO THE OLD CONGRESS. IN CONVENTION. September 17, 1787. SIR : We have now the honor to submit to the consideration of the United States in Congress assembled, that Constitution which has appeared to us the most advisable. The friends of our country have long seen and desired that the power of making war, peace, and treaties ; that of levying money, and regulating commerce, and the corre spondent executive and judicial authorities, should be fully and effectually vested in the General Government of the Union; but the impropriety of delegating such exten sive trust to one body of men is evident; hence results the necessity of a different or ganization. It is obviously impracticable in the federal government of these States to secure all rights of independent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the interest and safety of all. Individuals entering into society must give up a share of liberty to preserve the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice must depend as well on situation and circum stance as on the object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to draw with precis ion the line between those rights which must be surrendered and those which may be reserved; and, on the present occasion, this difficulty was increased by a difference among the several States as to their situation, extent, habits, and particular interests. In all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consolidation of our Union, in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety, perhaps our national ex istence. This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each State in the Convention to be less rigid on points of inferior magnitude than might have been otherwise expected; and thus the Constitution which we now present is the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual deference and concession which the peculiarity of our political situation rendered indispensable. That it will meet the full and entire approbation of every State is not, perhaps, to be expected ; but each will doubtless consider that, had her interest been alone consulted, the consequences might have been particularly disagreeable or injurious to others. That it is liable to as few exceptions as could reasonably have been expected, we hope and believe. That it may promote the lasting welfare of that country so dear to us all, and secure her freedom and happiness, is our most ardent wish. With great respect, we have the honor to be, sir, your Excellency's most obedient, humble servants. By unanimous order of the Convention. GEO. WASHINGTON, President. His Excellency, the PRESIDENT OF CONGRESS. PROCEEDINGS IN THE OLD CONGRESS. UNITED STATES IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED. FRIDAY, September 28, 1787. Present New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Penn sylvania, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia ; and from Maryland, Mr. Ross. Congress having received the report of the Convention lately assembled in Philadel phia, Besolved, unanimously, That the said report, with the resolutions and letter accom panying the same, be transmitted to the several Legislatures, in order to be submitted to a Convention of Delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the Convention made and provided in that case. CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 547 STATE RATIFICATIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION. The Constitution was adopted September 17, 1787, by the Convention appointed in pursuance of the resolution of the Congress of the Confederation of February 21, 1787, and was ratified by the Conventions of the several States as follows, viz. : By Convention of Delaware December 7, 1787. By Convention of Pennsylvania December 12, 1787. By Convention of New Jersey December 18, 1787. By Convention of Georgia January 2, 1788. By Convention of Connecticut January 9, 1788. By Convention of Massachusetts February 6, 1788. By Convention of Maryland - April 28, 1788. By Convention of South Carolina May 23, 1788. By Convention of New Hampshire June 21, 1788. By Convention of Virginia June 26, 1788. By Convention of New York July 2G, 1788. By Convention of North Carolina November, 21, 1788. By Convention of Rhode Island . ~ May 29, 1790. ARTICLES IN ADDITION TO, AND AMENDMENT OF, THE CONSTITUTION OP THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PROPOSED BY CONGRESS, AND RATIFED BY THE LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES PURSUANT TO THE FIFTH ARTICLE OF THE ORIGINAL CONSTITUTION. ARTICLE I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. ARTICLE II. A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. ARTICLE in. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ARTICLE IV. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized. 548 STATISTICAL KECOEDS. ARTICLE V. No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same oti'euce to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb ; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor shall pri vate property be taken for public use, without just compensation. ARTICLE VI. In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the wit nesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. ARTICLE VII. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be other wise re-examined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. ARTICLE VIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and un usual punishments inflicted. ARTICLE IX. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people. ARTICLE XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ARTICLE XII. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make dis tinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice- President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President,- if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest num bers, not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Rep resentatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them before the fourth day of March next fol- STATISTICAL KECOKDS. 549 lowing, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest num ber of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed ; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vicc-Presi- clent; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-Presideut of the United States. ARTICLE XIII. SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legis lation. THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE FIRST TEN* OF THE PRECEDING AJIENDJtEXTS. CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW YORK, ON WEDNESDAY, THE FOURTH OF MARCH, ONK THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY- NINE. The Conventions of a number of the States having, at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added ; and as ex tending the ground of public confidence in the Government will best insure the benefi cent ends of its institution, Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all or any of which articles, when ratified by three- fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution, viz. : Articles in addition to, and amendment of, the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the Fifth Article of the original Constitution. The first ten amendments of the Constitution were ratified by the States as follows, viz. : By New Jersey November 20, 1789. By Maryland December 19, 1789. By North Carolina December 22, 1789. By South Carolina January .19, 1790. By New Hampshire January 25, 1790. By Delaware January 28, 1790. By Pennsylvania March 10, 1790. By New York March 27, 1790. By Rhode Island June 15, 1790. By Vermont November 3, 1791. By Virginia December 15, 1791. *It may be proper here to state that twelve articles of amendment were proposed by the First Con- gress, of which but ten were ratified by the States the first and second in order not having been ratified, y the requisite number of States. These two were as follows : Article First. After the first enumeration required by the First Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the nnmber shall amount to one hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress that there shall not be less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the numter of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Con gress that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative to every fifty thousand persons. Article Second. No law varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representa tives shall take eflect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. 550 STATISTICAL RECORDS. THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE ELEVENTH OF THE PRECEDING AMENDMENTS. THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, IN THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, ON MONDAY, THE SECOND OF DECEMBER, ONE THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED AND NINETY-THREE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of the said Constitution, viz. : . THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE TWELFTH OF THE PRECEDING AMENDMENTS. EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE FIRST SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, IN THE TERRI TORY OF COLUMBIA, ON MONDAY, THE SEVENTEENTH OF OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND THREE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That in lieu of the third paragraph of the first session of the Second Article of the Constitution of the United States, the following be proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States ; which, when ratified by three-fourths of the Legislatures of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitu tion, to wit : The ten first of the preceding amendments were proposed at the first session of the First Congress of the United States, September 25, 1789, and were finally ratified by the constitutional number of States, December 15, 1791. The eleventh amendment was proposed at the first session of the Third Congress, March 5, 1794, and was declared, in a message from the President of the United States to both Houses of Congress, dated January 8, 1798, to have been adopted by the constitutional number of States. The twelfth amendment was proposed at the first session of the Eighth Congress, December 12, 1803, and was adopted by the constitutional number of States in 1804, according to a public notice thereof by the Secretary of State, dated September 25 of the same year. THE FOLLOWING IS PREFIXED TO THE THIRTEENTH OF THE PRECEDING AMENDMENTS. THIRTY-EIGHTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, AT THE SECOND SESSION, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, ON THE FIRST DAY OF FEBRUARY, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED AND SIXTY-FIVE. Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legis latures, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as a part of said Constitution, namely : This amendment was declared adopted on the 18th day of December, 1865, at which time it had been duly ratified by the Legislatures of the States of Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Maryland, New York, West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, Penn- STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 551 sylvania, Virginia. Ohio, Missouri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia in all, 27 States. THE SEAT OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT. The Act of Congress, locating the seat of the General Government on the river Po tomac, was approved by President Washington, July 16, 1790; the Commissioners who decided that it should bear the name of the Father of his Country, were Thomas John son, David Stuart, and Daniel Carroll; the public offices were removed from Philadel phia in June, 1800; the first meeting of Congress took place here on the third Monday of November of that year; and the Act assuming jurisdiction was approved by Presi dent John Adams, February 27, 1801. The name of the spot once occupied by the Manahoac and Monacan Indians, and now by the Federal city, was Conococheague, meaning Roaring Waters, from the number of brooks in the vicinity. The site of the National Capitol was once owned by a man named Pope, who gave it the name of Rome, and thus became the Pope of Rome ; and the chief owners of the surrounding lands were D. Carroll, N. Young, and D. Burns, who cultivated corn, tobacco, and wheat where the city now stands. The place was incorporated as a city May 3, 1802, and was visited and partly destroyed by British troops in 181-1. The Public Buildings, as they at present exist, are the Capitol; the Executive Mansion; the Treasury Building, a part of which it is understood will hereafter be assigned to the Department of State; the War and Navy Departments ; the Interior Department, in which is located the Patent Office ; and the General Post Office. In addition to the above, the National Metropolis also contains a Navy Yard, a National Observatory, a National Printing Office, an Armory, an Arsenal, a Penitentiary, a Military Asylum, the Columbian Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, a Hospital for the Insane, the Smithsonian Institution, a City Hall, Columbian College, an Infirmary, a National Cemetery, as well as a plentiful supply of Churches, Hotels, Libraries, and Charitable Establishments. The parks or open grounds of the city are spacious, generally kept with care, and to some extent interspersed with fountains and statues; and the place is amply supplied with pure water, brought about twelve miles, by an extensive aqueduct, from the Great Falls of the Potomac. The City of Georgetown, though a separate corporation, is in reality a part of Washington City, lies at the head of navigation, is the outlet for the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal, and contains, among other attractions, a Roman Catholic College, a Convent, an extensive Cemetery, and many handsome private residences. As Washington is the home of the General Government, in which the people, through out the country are interested, the subjoined table has been prepared from official sources : TABLE OF DISTANCES, BY THE SHORTEST MAIL ROUTES, FROM WASHING TON TO THE RESPECTIVE CAPITALS AND LEADING CITIES OF THE SEV ERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES. Augusta, Maine, Bath, " Portland, " Lewiston, " Bangor, " Concord, New Hampshire, Manchester, " Portsmouth, " Montpelier, Vermont, Burlington, " Rutland, " Boston, Massachusetts, Lawrence, " Lowell, ' " Miles. 640 612 576 609 713 510 527 524 536 533 467 468 494 493 Flace. Miles. Springfield, Massachusetts, 372 Worcester, 427 Fall River, 415 New Bedford, 413 Newburyport, 502 Cambridge, 471 Salem, 484 Taunton, 45G Providence, Rhode Island, 422 Newport, 403 Pawtucket, . 420 New Haven, Connecticut, 303 Hartford, ' 344 Norwich, 371 552 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. Place. Miles. New London, Connecticut, 358 Bridgeport, " 390 Middletown, " 344 Waterbury, " 429 Albany, New York, 376 New York, 232 Buffalo, 447 Rochester, 409 Syracuse, 437 Auburn, 416 Lockport, 471 Ncvvburgh, 293 Orfwego, 473 Schenectady, 393 Troy, 383 Utica, 471 Watertown, 548 Binghampton, 357 Poughkeepsie, 307 Trenton, New Jersey, 172 Newark, " 223 Jersey City, " 231 New Brunswick," 200 Paterson, " 247 llarrisburg, Pennsylvania, 126 Erie, " 469 Lancaster, " 123 Philadelphia, " 142 Pittsburgh, " 375 Pottsville, " 192 Reading, " 157 Westcliester, " 173 Williams-port, " 221 York, " 98 Dover, Delaware, 158 Wilmington, " 108 Annapolis, Maryland, 42 Baltimore, 39 Cumberland, " 201 Richmond, Virginia, 131 Peterborough, " 122 Norfolk, " 200 Raleigh, North Carolina, 316 Wilmington, 416 Columbia, South Carolina, 523 Charleston, " 540 Milledgeville, Georgia, 832 Savannah, " 630 Augusta, " 510 Macon, " 689 Tallahassee, Florida 961 Montgomery, Alabama, 900 Mobile, " 1033 Jackson, Mississippi, 1097 Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1299 New Orleans, " 1260 Austin, Texas, 1813 Galveston, " 1888 Little Rock, Arkansas, 1087 Nashville, Tennessee, 777 Memphis, " 893 Frankfort, Kentucky, 742 Lexington, " 736 Louisville, " 785 Columbus, Ohio, 535 Place. Mllci. Chillicothe, Ohio, 512 Cincinnati, " 655 Cleveland, " 616 Dayton, " COS Hamilton, " C41 Marietta, " 418 Mount Vernon, ' 527 Sandusky, ' 577 Springfield, ' 580 Toledo, ' 630 Xenia, ' 690 Zanesville, ' 476 Indianapolis, Indiana, 722 Fort Wayne, " 694 La Fayette, " 788 Logansport, " 760 Madison, " 740 New Albany, " 797 Terre Haute, " 795 Vincennes, " 848 Springfield, Illinois, 963 Bloomiugton, " 913 Cairo, " 1052 Chicago, " 844 Decatur, " 924 Galena, " 1016 Peoria, " 938 Quincy, " 1076 Lansing, Michigan, 747 Ann Arbor, " 732 Detroit, " 694 Grand Rapids, " 853 Monroe, " 654 Jefferson City, Missouri, 1079 St. Louis, " 952 St. Joseph, " 1448 DCS Moines, Iowa, 1200 Burlington, " 1052 Davenport, ' 1027 Iowa City, ' 1081 Muscatine, ' 1065 Dubuque, ' 1034 Madison, Wisconsin, 976 Janesville, < 936 Milwaukee, ' 931 Racine, ' 907 Sacramento City, California, 3173 Marysville, " 3268 San Francisco, " 3353 Stockton, " 3289 St. Paul, Minnesota, 1293 Salem, Oregon, 3744 Topeka, Kansas, 1307 Wheeling, West Virginia, 467 Carson City, Nevada, 3004 Omaha, Nebraska, 1337 Santa Fe, Territory of New Mexico, 2122 Salt Lake City, Territory of Utah, 2431 Olympia, Washington Territory, 3G25 Golden City, Colorado 1856 Yancton, Dacotah 1404 Prescott, Arizona 2928 Boise City, Idaho 2824 Virginia City, Montana 2837 STATISTICAL EEOOEDS. 553 ORGANIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS. STATE DEPARTMENT. This Department is managed by the Secretary of State, and two Assistant Secretaries. DIPLOMATIC BRANCH. This branch has charge of all correspondence between the Department and other diplomatic agents of the United States, abroad, and those of foreign powers accredited to this Government. In it all diplomatic instructions sent from the Department, and communications to Commissioners under treaties of boundaries, etc., are prepared, copied, and recorded; and all of like character received are registered and filed, their contents being first entered in an analytic table or index. CONSULAR BRANCH. This branch has charge of the correspondence, etc., between the Department and the Consuls and Commercial Agents of the United States. In it instructions to those offi cers, and answers to their despatches and to letters from other persons asking for con sular agency, or relating to consular affairs, are prepared and recorded. THE DISBURSING AGENT. He has charge of all correspondence and other matters connected with accounts re lating to any fund with the disbursement of which the Department is charged. THE TRANSLATOR. His duties are to furnish such translations as the Department may require. He also records the commissions of Consuls and Vice-Consuls, when not in English, upon which exequaturs are issued. CLERK OP APPOINTMENTS AND COMMISSIONS. He makes out and records sommissions, letters of appointment, and nominations to the Senate ; makes out and records exequaturs, and records, when in English, the com missions on which they are issued. Has charge of the library. CLERK OF THE ROLLS AND ARCHIVES. He takes charge of the rolls, or enrolled acts and resolutions of Congress, as they are received at the Department from the President ; prepares the authenticated copies there of which are called for; prepares for and superintends their publication, and that of treaties, in the newspapers and in book form; attends to their distribution throughout the United States, and that of all documents and publications in regard to which this duty is assigned to the Department; writing and answering all letters connected there with. Has charge of all Indian treaties, and business relating thereto. CLERK OF TERRITORIAL BUSINESS THE SEAL OF THE DEPARTMENT. He has charge of the seals of the United States and of the Department, and prepares and attaches certificates to papers presented for authentication; has charge of the ter ritorial business ; immigration and registered seamen; records all letters from the De partment other than the diplomatic and consular. CLERK OF PARDONS AND PASSPORTS. He prepares and records pardons and remissions, and registers and files the petitions and papers on which they are founded. Makes out and records passports ; keeps a 554 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. daily register of all letters, other than diplomatic and consular, received, and of the disposition made of them ; prepares letters relating to this business. SUPERINTENDENT OF STATISTICS. He superintends the preparation of the " Annual Eeport of the Secretary of State on Foreign Commerce," as required by the Acts of 1842 and 1856. ATTORNEY-GENERAL'S OFFICE. The Attorney-General of the United States is at the head of this office, and has ail Assistant Attorney-General. Its ordinary business may be classified uuder the follow ing heads : 1. Official opinions on the current business of the Government, as called for by the President, by any head of Department, or by the Solicitor of the Treasury. 2. Examination of the titles of all land purchased, as the sites of arsenals, custom houses, light-houses, and all other public works of the United States. 3. Applications for pardons in all cases of conviction in the courts of the United States. 4. Applications for appointment in all the judicial and legal business of the Govern ment. 6. The conduct and argument of all suits in the Supreme Court of the United States in which the Government is concerned. 6. The supervision of all other suits arising in any of the Departments, when re ferred by the head thereof to the Attorney-General. To these ordinary heads of the business of the office has been added the direction of all appeals on land claims in California. INTERIOR DEPARTMENT. This Department is in charge of the Secretary of the Interior, and one Assistant Sec retary, who have the supervision and management of the following branches of the public service : THE PUBLIC LANDS. The chief of this office is called the Commissioner of the General Laud Office. It is charged with the survey, management, and sale of the public domain, and the issuing of titles therefor, whether derived from confirmation of grants made by former gov ernments, by sales, donations, of grants for schools, military bounties, or public improvements, and likewise the revision of Virginia military bounty land claims, and the issuing of scrip in lieu thereof. The Land OiHce, also, audits its own ac counts. PENSIONS. The Commissioner of this bureau is charged with the examination and adjudication of all claims arising under the various and numerous laws passed by Congress, granting bounty-laud or pensions for the military or naval service in the Revolutionary and sub sequent wars in which the United States have been engaged. INDIANS. This bureau is In charge of a Commissioner of Indian Affairs, who has control of all business connected with the Indian tribes. PATENT OFFICE. To this bureau, whose head is called a Commissioner, is committed the execution and performance of all "acts and things touching and respecting the granting and is suing of patents for new and useful discoveries, inventions, and improvements ; " and the collection of statistics. An Act of Congress provided that all books, maps, charts, and other publications STATISTICAL KECOEDS. 555 heretofore deposited in the Department of State, according to the laws regulating copyrights, should be removed to the Department of the Interior, which is charged with all the duties connected with matters pertaining to copyright; which duties have been assigned by the Secretary of the Interior to the Patent Office, as belonging most appropriately to this branch of the service. Besides the above principal branches of this Executive Department, the organic act of 1849 transferred to it, from the Treasury Department, the supervision of the ac counts of the United States Marshals and Attorneys, and the Clerks of the United States Courts, the management of the lead and other mines of the United States, and the affairs of the Penitentiary of the United States in the District of Columbia; and from the State Department, the duty of taking and returning the Censuses of the United States, and of supervising and directing the acts of the Commissioner of Pub lic Buildings. The Hospital for the Insane of the Army and Navy, and of the District of Columbia is also under the management of this Department. It also has jurisdic tion over what is called the Returns Office, where all the contracts made by the Gov ernment are deposited for reference. Under act of February 5, 1859, " providing for keeping and distributing all public documents, all the books, documents, etc., printed or purchased by the Government," the Annals of Congress, American State Papers, American Archives, Jefferson's and Adams's works, are transferred to this Department from the State Department, Library of Congress, and elsewhere. These works are distributed to those who are bylaw entitled to receive them, and to such "colleges, public libraries, athenaeums, literary and scientific institutions, boards of trade, or public associations," as shall be desig nated by the members of Congress. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. This branch of public business is in charge of a Commissioner, and has been re organized into a Department, and is independent of the Interior Department, of which it was formerly a subordinate bureau. BUREAU OF EDUCATION. This is an independent Bureau, the duties of which may be gathered from its title, and is in charge of a Commissioner. TREASURY DEPARTMENT. The Treasury Department is in charge of the Secretary of the Treasury, and two As sistant Secretaries, and the following is a brief indication of the duties of the several bureaus : SECRETARY'S OFFICE. The Secretary is charged with the general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the Government, and of the execution of the laws concerning the commerce and navi gation of the United States. He superintends the survey of the coast, the light-house establishment, the marine hospitals of the United States, and the construction of cer tain public buildings for custom-houses and other purposes. FIRST COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering accounts for the civil and diplo matic service, as well as the public lands, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. SECOND COMPTROLLER'S OFFICE. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the Army and Navy, and of the Indian and Pension Bureaus, of the public service, and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. OFFICE COMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS. He prescribes the mode of keeping and rendering the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, and for the building and repairing custom-houses, etc., and revises and certifies the balances arising thereon. 556 STATISTICAL BECOKDS. FIRST AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts the accounts of the customs revenue and disbursements, appro priations and expenditures on the account of the civil list and under private acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Commissioner of the Customs and the First Comptroller, respectively, for their decision thereon. SECOND AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts relating to the pay, clothing, and recruiting of the army, as well as armories, arsenals, and ordnance, and all accounts relating to the Indian Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. THIRD AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts for subsistence of the army, fortifications, Mili tary Academy, military roads, and the Quartermaster's Department, as well as for pen sions, claims arising from military services previous to 1816, and for horses and other property lost in the military service, under various acts of Congress, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. FOURTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts for the service of the Navy Department, and reports the balances to the Second Comptroller for his decision thereon. FIFTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts for diplomatic and similar services performed under the direction of the State Department, and reports the balances to the First Comp troller for his decision thereon. SIXTH AUDITOR'S OFFICE. He receives and adjusts all accounts arising from the service of the Post Office Depart ment. His decisions are final, unless an appeal be taken in twelve months to the First Comptroller. He superintends the collection of all debts due the Post Office Department, and all penalties and forfeitures imposed on postmasters and mail contractors for failing to do their duty; he directs suits and legal proceedings, civil and criminal, and takes all such measures as may be authorized by law to enforce the prompt payment of moneys due to the department ; instructing United States attorneys, marshals, and clerks in all matters relating thereto ; and receives returns from each term of the United States Courts of the condition and progress of such suits and legal proceedings ; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts due the Post Office Department, and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. TREASURER'S OFFICE. He receives and keeps the moneys of the United States in his own office, and that of the depositaries created by the Act of August 6, 1846, and pays out the same upon war rants drawn by the Secretary of the Treasury, countersigned by the First Comptroller, and upon warrants drawn by the Postmaster-General, countersigned by the Sixth Auditor, and recorded by the Register. He also holds public moneys advanced by war rants to disbursing officers, and pays out the same upon their checks. REGISTER'S OFFICE. He keeps the accounts of public receipts and expenditures ; receives the returns and makes out the official statement of commerce and navigation of the United States; and receives from the First Comptroller and Commissioner of Customs all accounts and vouchers decided by them, and is charged by law with their safe- keeping. SOLICITOR'S OFFICE. He superintends all civil suits commenced by the United States (except those arising in the Post Office Department), and instructs the United States attorneys, marshals, and STATISTICAL RECORDS. 557 clerks in all matters relating to them and their results. He receives returns from each term of the United States Courts, showing the progress and condition of such suits; has charge of all lands and other property assigned to the United States in payment of debts (except those assigned inpayments of debts due the Post Office Department), and has power to sell and dispose of the same for the benefit of the United States. LIGHT-HOUSE BOARD. Secretary of the Treasury ex-officio President. This board directs the building and repairing of light-houses, light-vessels, buoys, and beacons, contracts for supplies of oil, etc. UNITED STATES COAST SUKVEY. It has one Superintendent, who is also Superintendent of Weights and Measures. All the charts of the Government emanate from this office. INTERNAL BEVENUE OFFICE. A Commissioner, who has charge of all matters connected with the Tax Laws. COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY. The head of this office has charge of everything connected with the issuing of money. BUREAU OF CONSTRUCTION. This office is in charge of a Supervising Architect and two assistant architects. UNITED STATES MINT. This establishment is located in Philadelphia, but is under the jurisdiction of the Treasury Department. To the above list may be added a Special Commissioner of Internal Revenue, a Di rector of Statistics, and a Supervising Architect. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. The direction and management of this Department are assigned by the Constitution and laws to the Postmaster-General. That its business may be the more conveniently arranged and prepared for its final action, it is distributed among several bureaus, as follows : The Appointment Office, in charge of the First Assistant P6stm:ister-General ; the Contract Office, including the Inspection Division, in charge of the Second Assist ant Postmaster-General ; the Finance Office, in charge of the Third Assistant Post master-General ; and the Money-order Office, in charge of its Superintendent. APPOINTMENT OFFICE. To this order is assigned all business which relates to the establishment and discontinuance of post offices, changes of sites and names, appoint ment and removal of postmasters, route and local agents, also the giving of instruc tions to postmasters. Postmasters are furnished with marking and rating stamps and letter balances by this bureau, which is also charged with providing blanks and sta tionery for the use of the Department, and with the superintendence of the several agencies established for supplying postmasters with blanks, wrapping-paper, and twine. To this bureau is likewise assigned the supervision of the ocean mail steamship lines, and foreign postal arrangements ; also the readjustment of postmasters' salaries, once in two years, uuder the act approved 1st July, 1864, and in special cases, as much oftener as may be deemed necessary ; also, application for allowances, in post offices of the first and second classes, for rent, fuel, lights, and clerks, are examined in this office and submitted to the Postmaster-General for his decision ; also, all applications for allowances at separating offices are examined and reported upon in this office. CONTRACT OFFICE. To this office is assigned the business of arranging the mail service of the United States, and placing the same uuder contract, embracing all cor respondence and proceedings respecting the frequency of trips, mode of conveyance ; 558 STATISTICAL RECORDS. and times of departures and arrivals on all the routes; the course of the mail between the different sections of the country, the points of mail distribution, and the regula tions for the government of the domestic mail service of the United States. It pre pares the advertisements for mail proposals, receives the bids, and has charge of the annual and occasional mail lettings, and the adjustment and execution of the contracts. All applications for the establishment or alteration of mail arrangements and for mail messengers, should be sent to this office. All claims should be submitted to it for transportation service not under contract. From this office all postmasters at the ends of routes receive the statement of mail arrangements prescribed for the respective routes, and to it application should be made for mail bags, locks and keys. It reports weekly to the Auditor all contracts executed, and all orders affecting accounts for mail transportation ; prepares the statistical exhibits of the mail service, and the reports to Congress of the mail lettings, giving a statement of each bid; also of the contracts made, the new service originated, the curtailments ordered, and the additional allow ances granted within the year. [INSPECTION DIVISION.] This division, formerly a distinct office, is now merged in and made part of the Contract Office. To this division is assigned the duty of re ceiving and examining the registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certifi cates of the service of route agents, and reports of mail failures; noting the delinquencies of contractors, and preparing cases thereon for the action of the Postmaster-General; furnishing blanks for mail registers, reports of mail failures, and other duties which may be necessary to secure a faithful and exact performance of all mail contracts and service. All cases of mail depredation, or violation of law by private expresses, or by the forging or illegal use of postage stamps, are uuder the supervision of this office, and should be reported to it. All communications respecting lost money, lost letters, mail depredations or other violations of law, should be directed ." Contract Office, Inspection Division, Post Office Department." All registers of the arrivals and departures of the mails, certificates of the service of route agents, and clerks in railway post offices, reports of mail failures, applications for blank registers, and reports of failures, and all complaints against contractors for irregular or imperfect service, should be directed " Contract Office, Inspection Divis ion, Post Office Department." [TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISION.] The Topographical Division of the Department, at tached to the Contract Office, consisting of the Topographer of the department and assistants, is charged with the preparation of the post-route maps and diagrams, and with the keeping up of the geographical information requisite for the various branches of the postal service. Communications for this division (including contributions of maps and diagrams, which, for their general utility, are earnestly requested) should be directed " Second Assistant Postmaster-General, Topographer, Post Office Department." FINANCE OFFICS. To this office is assigned the issuing of warrants and drafts, in payment of balances reported by the Auditor to be due to mail contractors and other' persons, and the superintendence of the rendition by postmasters of their quarterly returns of postages. It has charge of the DEAD-LETTER OFFICE, and of the issuing of postage stamps and stamped envelopes for the prepayment of postage. To this office postmasters at draft offices should direct their letters reporting quar terly the net proceeds of their offices, and those at depositing offices their certificates of deposit ; to him should also be directed the weekly and monthly returns of the depositaries of the department, as well as all applications and receipts for postage stamps and stamped envelopes, and for dead letters. To THE AUDITOR FOR THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT postmasters should address their quarterly accounts and all correspondence in relation thereto. MONEY-ORDER OFFICE. To this office is assigned the general supervision and con trol of the postal money-order system throughout the United States. KATES OF DOMESTIC POSTAGE. The law requires postage on all letters (including those to foreign countries when prepaid), excepting those written to the President or Vice-President, or members of Congress, or (on official business) to the chiefs of the executive departments of the government, and the heads of bureaus and chief clerks, and others invested with the STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 550 franking privilege, to be prepaid by stamps or stamped envelopes, prepayment in money being prohibited. All drop letters must be prepaid. The rate of postage on drop letters, at offices where free delivery by carrier is established, is two cents per half ounce, or fraction of a half ounce; at offices where such free delivery is not established, the rate is one cent. The single rate of postage on all domestic mail letters throughout the United States is three cents per half ounce, with an additional rate of three cents for each additional half ounce, or fraction of a half ounce. The ten-cent (Pacific) rate is abolished. RATES OF LETTER POSTAGE BETWEEN OFFICES IN THE UNITED STATES, AND TO AND FROM CANADA AND OTHER BRITISH NO11TII AMERICAN PROVINCES. To and from Canada and New Brunswick, 10 cents per half ounce, irrespective of distance. To and from other British North American provinces for a distance not over 3,000 miles 10 cents. For any distance over 3,000 miles 15 " For every additional half ounce, or fraction of a half ounce, an additional rate is charged. Prepayment is optional on all letters for the British North American prov inces, except Newfoundland, to which prepayment is compulsory. Letter postage is to be charged on all handbills, circulars, or other printed matter which shall contain any manuscript writing whatever. Daguerreotypes, when sent in the mail, are to be charged with letter postage by weight. Photographs on cards, paper, and other flexible material (not in cases, can be sent at the same rate as miscellaneous printed matter, viz., two cents for each four ounces, or fraction thereof. Photographic Albums are chargeable with book postage four cents for each four ounces, or fraction thereof. Postage on Daily papers to subscribers, when prepaid quarterly or yearly in advance either at the mailing office or office of delivery, per quarter (three months) 35 cents. Six times per week, " " " 30 " For Tri- weekly, " " " 15 " For Semi-weekly, " " " 10 " ForWeekly " " " 5 " WEEKLY NEWSPAPERS (one copy only) sent by the publisher to actual subscribers, by mail, within the county where printed and published, free. POSTAGE PER QUARTER (to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance) on NEWSPAPERS and PERIODICALS issued less frequently than once a wse/c, sent to actual subscribers in any part of the United States : Semi-monthly, not over 4 oz G cents. " over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz 12 " over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz 18 Monthly, not over 4 oz 3 " over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz 6 " over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz 9 Quarterly, not over 4 oz 1 " over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz 2 " over 8 oz. tind not over 12 oz 3 Quarterly postage cannot be paid for less than three months. The law only requires that at least one quarter's postage shall be prepaid, and not more than one year's postage. Any term between one quarter and one year can therefore be prepaid at proportionate rates. PUBLISHERS OF NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS may send to each other from their respective offices of publication, free of postage, one copy of each publication, and may also send to each actual subscriber, enclosed in their publications, bills' and receipts for the same, free of postage. They may also state, on their respective publications, the date when the subscription expires, to be written or printed. Religious, Educational, and Agricultural Newspapers of small size, issued less fre quently than once a week, may be sent in packages to one address at the rate of one 560 ' STATISTICAL RECOEDS. cent for each package not exceeding four ounces in weight, and an additional charge of one cent is made for each additional four ounces, or fraction thereof, the post age to be paid quarterly or yearly in advance. NEWS-DEALERS may send newspapers and periodicals to regular subscribers at the quarterly rates, in the same manner as publishers, and may also receive them from publishers at subscribers' rates. In both cases the postage to be prepaid, either at the mailing or delivery office. Publications issued without disclosing the office of publication, or containing a ficti tious statement thereof, must not be forwarded by postmasters unless prepaid at the mailing office at the rates of transient printed matter. [All printed matter (except single copies of newspapers, magazines, and periodicals to regular subscribers) sent via Overland Mail, is to be charged at letter postage rates.] BOOKS not over 4 oz. in weight, to one address, 4 cents ; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 8 cents ; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 12 cents ; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., 16 cents. CIRCULARS, not exceeding three in number, to one address, 2 cents ; over three and not over six, 4 cents; over six and not over nine, 6 cents, over nine and not exceed ing twelve, 8 cents. ON MISCELLANEOUS MAILABLE MATTER (embracing all pamphlets, occasional publica tions, transient newspapers, handbills and posters, book manuscripts and proof- sheets, whether corrected or not, maps, prints, engravings, sheet music, blanks, flexible patterns, samples and sample cards, phonographic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes or wrappers, cards, paper, plain or ornamental, photographic rep resentations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots and scions), tlie postage to be prepaid by stamps, is, on one package to one address, not over 4 o/. in weight, 2 cents; over 4 oz. and not over 8 oz., 4 cents; over 8 oz. and not over 12 oz., 6 cents ; over 12 oz. and not over 16 oz., 8 cents. By a recent order of the Postmaster-General, the fifth subdivision of the 42d instruc tion of the new post office law has been amended by striking out the word twelve and inserting thirty-two before the word ounces, so that it shall read as follows : " The weight of packages of seeds, cuttings, roots and scions, to be franked, is limited to thirty-two ounces." All mail matter not sent at letter-rates of postage, embracing books, book manuscripts, proof-sheets, and other printed matter, and all other mail matter, except seeds, must be so wrapped or enveloped with open sides or ends as to enable the postmaster to ex amine the package without destroying the wrapper, otherwise such packages must be rated with letter postage. No communication, whether in writing or in print, can be sent with any seeds, roots, cuttings, or scions, maps, engravings, or other matter not printed, except upon the separate payment of postage upon each separate matter at the established rates. Exchange newspapers and periodicals cannot be remailed without being chargeable with postage. Where packages of newspapers or periodicals are received at any post ojfize directed to one address, and the names of the club of subscribers to which they belong, with the postage for a quarter in advance, shall be handed to the postmaster, he shall de liver the same to their respective owner. But this does not apply to weekly news papers which circulate free in the county where printed and published. Weekly newspapers and all other printed matter to the British North American Prov inces, although sent from countries bordering on the line, are chargeable with the same rates as when sent to any point in the United States. All transient matter must be prepaid by stamps. But if it comes to the offioe of de livery without prepayment or short-paid, the unpaid postage must be paid on deliv ery at double the prepaid rate. To enclose or conceal a letter or other thing (except bills and receipts for subscription) in, or to write or print anything, after its publication, upon any newspaper, pam phlet, magazine or other printed matter, is illegal, and subjects such printed matter, and the entire package of which it is a part, to letter postage. Any word or communication, whether by printing, writing, marks, or signs upon the cover or wrapper of a newspaper, pamphlet, magazine or other printed matter, STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 561 other than the name or address of the person to whom it is to be sent, and the date when subscription expires, and a business card printed on the wrapper subjects the package to letter postage. The rates of postage to Foreign Countries are so numerous, so various, and so changeable, that it has not been deemed expedient to print them in this place, but the particulars can always be found at the local post offices. NAVY DEPARTMENT. The duties of this Department are distributed through the Secretary's office and eight bureaus, namely : Bureau of Yards and Docks ; Bureau of Navigation ; Bureau of Ordnance : Bureau of Construction and Repair; Bureau of Equipment and Recruiting; Bureau of Provisions and Clothing ; Bureau of Steam Engineering ; and Bureau o* Medicine and Surgery. SECRETARY'S OFFICE. The Secretary of the Navy has charge of everything connected with the naval estab lishment, and all the duties of the several bureaus are performed under his authority, and their orders are considered as emanating from him. The Secretary issues all in structions to commanders of squadrons and vessels; appointments of officers ; commis sions; requisitions for money, etc. The general superintendence of the Marine Corps attaches to the Secretary, and the orders of the commandant of that corps are approved by him. He is assisted in his duties by one Assistant Secretary. OFFICE OF YARDS AND DOCKS. This bureau has charge of the navy yards, including the docks, wharves, buildings, and machinery ; the regulation of labor, and the general police of the yard. The Naval Asylum is attached to this bureau. OFFICE OF NAVIGATION. This bureau has charge of the maps, charts, navigating instruments, flags, signals, etc. The Naval Academy, Naval Observatory, and Nautical Almanac are attached to it. OFFICE OF ORDNANCE. This bureau has charge of ordnance and ordnance stores, the manufacture and pur chase of cannon, guns, powder, shot, shell, etc. OFFICE OF CONSTRUCTION AND REPAIR. This bureau has charge of the construction and repair of all vessels-of-war. OFFICE OF EQUIPMENT AND RECRUITING. This bureau has charge of the enlistment of men for the Navy ; the equipment of vessels, including anchors, cables, rigging, sails, coal, etc. OFFICE OF PROVISIONS AND CLOTHING. All provisions for the use of the navy, clothing, and small stores, come under the charge of this bureau. OEFICE OF STEAM ENGINEERING. The construction and repair of steam engines for the Navy, whether in the navy ysrds or on contract, come under this bureau. 36 562 STATISTICAL RECOEDS. OFFICE OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Every thing relating to medicines and medical stores, treatment of sick and wounded, management of hospitals, etc., comes within the superintendence of this ureau. MARINE CORPS. This corps is attached to the navy, and the immediate supervision of all the duties connected with it is vested in a colonel commandant, whose orders for duty are ap proved by the Secretary of the Navy. Attached to the corps is one quartermaster, two assistant-quartermasters, one adjutant and inspector, and one paymaster, with the duties usually appertaining to such offices. WAR DEPARTMENT. This Department is in charge of the Secretary of War, and one regular Assistant. The following bureaus are attached to this Department : COMMANDING-GENERAL'S OFFICE. The duties of this officer comprise the arrangement of the military forces, and the superintendence of the recruiting service ; he attends to the discipline of the army ; orders courts-martial; and it is his province to see that the laws and regulations of the army are enforced. This office is usually located in Washington, but wherever it may be, it is called the Head-quarters of the Army. ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE. In this office are kept all the records which refer to the personnel of the army, the rolls, etc., and where all military commissions are made out; all orders which emanate from Headquarters or the War Department proper, pass through this office ; and here are received all the annual returns from the army and militia of the United States. QUARTERMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. The objects of this bureau are to insure an efficient system of supply, and to give facility and effect to the movements and operations of the army. It also has control of the barracks, and furnishes the clothing and all transportation that may be required for the army. PAYMASTER-GENERAL'S OFFICE. All the disbursements in money are made to the army from this office. COMMISSARY-GENERAL'S OFFICE. This office is charged with the duty of purchasing and issuing all rations to the army. SURGEON-GENERAL'S OFFICE. All matters connected with medicine and surgery, are under the control of this office, as well as the management of the sick and wounded, and also all the hospitals. ENGINEER'S OFFICE. In addition to a general direction of all matters connected with the Engineer Corps of the army, this office is also charged with the care of the Military Academy at West Point. TOPOGRAPHICAL OFFICE. This bureau has charge of all topographical operations and surveys for military pur poses, and for purposes of internal improvement, and of all maps, drawings, and docu ments relating to those duties. STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 563 ORDNANCE OFFICE. This office is charged with the control of the arsenals and armories, and has the superintendence of the manufacture of the arms and cannon, and the custody of all ordnance stores. OFFICE OF REFUGEES AND FREEDMEN. This office is in charge of a Major-General of the army, who has several assistants, including a Commissioner and a Commissary of Subsistence. To the above should be added the Bureau of Military Justice, that of the Inspector- General, and that of the Signal Corps of the Army, whose several duties will be readily understood. 564 STATISTICAL EECOKDS. THE SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE AMERICAN UNION. THE THIRTEEN ORIGINAL STATES THAT FORMED AND CONFIRMED THE UNION, BY THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION, ARE AS FOLLOWS : NEW HAMPSHIKE. First settled at Dover and Portsmouth, in 1623, by the English Puritans. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same juris diction until September 18, 1679, when a separate charter and government was granted. A Constitution was formed January 5, 1776, which was altered in 1784, and was further altered and amended February 13, 1792. This State ratified the Constitution of the United States June 21, 1788. Area, 9,280 square miles. Population in 1850, 317,976 ; 1860, 326,073. MASSACHUSETTS. First settled at Plymouth, by English Puritans from Holland, who landed December 22, 1620. Chartered March 4, 1629 ; also chartered January 13, 1630 ; an explanatory charter granted August 20, 1726; and more completely chartered October 7, 1731. Formed a Constitution March 2, 1780, which was altered and amended November 3, 1820, and on several occasions since that time. Ratified the Constitution of the United States February 6, 1788. Area, 7,800 square miles. Population in 1850, 994,514; 1860, 1,231,066. RHODE ISLAND. First settled at Providence, in 1636, by Roger Williams. Was chartered by Parliament in 1644 ; by King Charles II. in 1663, which charter was abrogated in 1776. Had an unwritten Constitution until 1842, when a written Cousti- tutiod was adopted. Ratified the Constitution of the United States May 29, 1790. Area 1,306 square miles. Population in 1850, 147,545; 1860, 174,621. CONNECTICUT. First settled at Windsor, in 1635, by English Puritans. Embraced under the charters of Massachusetts, and continued under the same juris diction until April 23, 1662, when a separate charter was granted, which continued in force until a Constitution was formed, September 15, 1818. Ratified the Constitution of the United States January 9, 1788. Area 4,750 square miles. Population in 1850, 370,792 ; 1860, 460,147. NEW YORK. First settled on Manhattan Island, in 1614, by the Dutch. Granted to Duke of York, March 20, 1664, April 26, 1664, and June 24, 1664. Newly patented, February 9, 1674 ; formed a Constitution, April 20, 1777, which was amended October 27, 1801, and further amended November 10, 1821. A new Constitution was formed in 1846. Ratified the Constitution of the United States July 26, 1788. Area 47,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 3,097,394; 1860, 3,880,735. STATISTICAL RECORDS. NEW JERSEY. First settled at Bergen, in 1620, by the Dutch and Danes. Held under the same grants as New York; separated into East and West Jersey March 3, 1677. The government surrendered to the Crown in 1702, and so continued until the formation of a Constitution, July 2, 1776. Ratified the Constitution of the United States, December 18, 1787. Area 8,320 square miles. Population iu 1850, 489,555 ; 1860, 672,035. PENNSYLVANIA. First settled on the Delaware River, in 1682, by William Penn. Chartered February 28, 1681; formed a Constitution September 28, 1776 ; amended September 2, 1790, and in 1838, and 1857. Ratified the Constitution of the United States December 12, 1787. Area 46,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 2,311,786; 1860, 2,906,115. DELAWARE. First settled at Cape Henlopen, in 1627, by Swedes and Finns. Embraced in the charter and continued under the government of Pennsylvania until the formation of a Constitution, September 20, 1776 ; a new Constitution formed June 12, 1792, and amended in 1831. Ratified the Constitution of the United States December 7, 1787. Area 2,120 square miles. Population in 1850, 91,532 ; 1860, 112..216. MARYLAND. First settled at St. Mary, in 1624, by Roman Catholics. Chartered June 20, 1632 ; formed a Constitution August 14, 1775, which was amended in 1795 and 1799, and further amended in November, 1812 and 1851. Ratified the Constitution of the United States April 28, 1788. Area 11,124 square miles. Population iu 1850, 583,034 ; 1860, 687,049. New Constitution abolishing slavery adopted in September, 1864. VIRGINIA. First settled at Jamestown, in 1607, by the English. Chartered April 10, 1606, May 23, 1609, and March 12, 1612 ; formed a Constitution July 5, 1776, amended, January 15, 1830. Ratified the Constitution of the United States June 26, 1788. Area 38,352 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,421,661 ; 1860, 1,596,318. Seceded April, 1861. NORTH CAROLINA. First settled in Albemarle, in 1650, by the English. Chartered March 20, 1663, and June 30, 1665 ; formed a Constitution December 18, 1776, which was amended in 1845. Ratified the Constitution of the United States November 21, 1789. Area 50,704 square miles. Population in 1850, 869,839 ; 1860, 992,622. Seceded May, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. SOUTH CAROLINA. First settled at Port Royal, in 1670, by the Huguenots. Embraced in the charters of Carolina or North Carolina, from which it was separated in 1729; formed a Constitution March 26, 1776, which was amended March 19, 1778, and June 3, 1790. Ratified the Constitution of the United States May 23, 1788. Area 34,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 668,507 ; 1860, 703,708. Seceded November, 1860. Re-admitted June, 1868. GEORGIA. First settled atSavannah, in 1733, by Oglethorpe. Chartered June 9, 1732 ; formed a Constitution February 5, 1777, a second in 1785, a third May 30, 1798, and amended in 1839. 566 STATISTICAL EECOEDS. Ratified the Constitution of the United States January 2, 1788. Area 58,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 906,185; 1860,1,057,386. Seceded January, 1861. He-admitted June, 1868. THE STATES ADMITTED INTO THE UNION SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CON STITUTION ARE AS FOLLOWS : VERMONT. First settled at Fort Dummer in 1764. Formed from territory of New York. Admitted March 4, 1791. A Constitution adopted July 9, 1793. Area 9,056d square miles. Population in 1890, 314,130; 1860, 315,098. KENTUCKY. First settled near Lexington in 1765. Formed from territory of Virginia. Admitted June 1, 1792. A Constitution laid before Congress November 7, 1792. A new Constitution adopted August 17, 1799. Area 37,680 square miles. Population in 1850, 982,405; 1860, 1,155,684. TENNESSEE. First settled at Fort Donelson in 1756. Formed from territory of North Carolina in 1790. Adopted a Constitution February 6, 1769, and amended in 1835. Admitted June 1, 1796. Area 45,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,002,717; 1860, 1,109,801. Seceded June, 1861. Re-admitted July, 1866. / OHIO. First settled at Marietta in 1788. j? ormerly from North-west Territory. Adopted a Constitution November 1, 1802 ; adopted a new one in 1851. Admitted November 29, 1802. Area 39,964 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,980,329 ; 1860, 2,839,511. LOUISIANA. First settled at Iberville in 1699. Formed from French territory. Adopted a Constitution January 22, 1812, and amended it in 1845 and 1852. A new Constitution formed in 1864. Admitted April 8, 1812. Area 41,255 square miles. Population in 1850, 517,762; 1860,708,002. Seceded January, 1861. Re-admitted June, 1868. INDIANA. First settled at Vincennes in 1730. Formed from North-west Territory. Adopted a Constitution June 29, 1816, and amended in 1851. Admitted December 11, 1816. Area 33,809 square miles. Population in 1850, 988,416; 1860, 1,305,428. MISSISSIPPI. First settled at Natchez in 1716. Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia. Adopted a Constitution March 1, 1817, and amended in 1832. Admitted December 10, 1817. Area 47,156 square miles. Population in 1850, 606,526; 1860, 791,305. Seceded January, 1861. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 567 ILLINOIS. First settled at Kaskaskia in 1720. Formed from North-west Territory. Adopted a Constitution August 26, 1818. Admitted Decembers, 1818. Area 55,409 square miles. Population in 1850, 851,470; 1860, 1,711,951. ALABAMA. First settled near Mobile in 1702. Formed from territory of South Carolina and Georgia, and for two years bore the name of Mississippi Territory. Adopted a Constitution August 2, 1819. Admitted December 14, 1819. Area 50,722 square miles. Population in 1850, 771,623; 1860, 964,201. Seceded January, 1861. Beadmitted June, 1868. MAINE. First settled at Bristol in 1624. Formed from territory of Massachusetts. Adopted a Constitution October 29, 1819. Admitted March 15, 1820. Area 35,000 square miles. Population in 1850, 583,169 ; 1860, 628,279. MISSOURI. First settled at St. Louis in 1764. Formed from French territory. Adopted a Constitution July 19, 1820. Admitted August 10, 1821. Area 65,350 square miles. Population in 1850, 682,044; 1860, 1,182,612. Ordinance abolishing slavery adopted in January, 1865. ARKANSAS. First settled at Arkansas Post in 1685. Formed from French territory, the Louisiana purchase. Presented a Constitution March 1, 1836. Admitted June 15, 1836. Area 52,198 square miles. Population in 1850, 209,897; 1860, 435,450. Seceded March, 1861. Readmitted June, 1868. MICHIGAN. First settled on the Detroit River in 1650. Formed from territory originally belonging to Virginia. Presented a memorial for admission January 25, 1833, with a Constitution, which was revised in 1850. Admitted January 26, 1837. Area 56,243 square miles. Population in 1850, 397,654 ; 1860, 749,013. FLORIDA. Discovered in 1497, and first explored by Ponce de Leon in 1512. Formed from Spanish territory. Presented a Constitution February 20, 1839. Admitted March 3, 1845. Area 69,268 square miles. Population in 1850, 87,445; 1860, 140,425. Seceded January, 1861. Readmitted June, 1868. TEXAS. First settled in 1792. Was an Independent Republic. Admitted December 29, 1845. 568 STATISTICAL RECORDS. Area 274,356 square miles. Population in 1850, 212,592 ; 1860, 604,215. Seceded February, 18G1. WISCONSIN. First settled at Green Bay in 1670. Formed from Indian territory. Adopted a Constitution January 21, 1847. Admitted May 29, 1848. Area 53,924 square miles. Population in 1850, 305,391 ; 1860, 775,881. .IOWA. First settled at Galena and Dubuque. Formed from Indian territory. Presented a Constitution December 9, 1844. Admitted December 28, 1846. Area 55,045 square miles. Population in 1850, 192,214 ; 1860, 674,942. CALIFOENIA. First settled on the Pacific slope. Formed from Mexican territory. Adopted a Constitution November 13, 1849. Admitted September 9, 1850. Area 188,981 square miles. Population in 1850, 92,597; 1860, 362,196; 1867, 493,992, MINNESOTA. First settled on the St. Peter's Kiver in 1805. Formed from Indian territory. Admitted May 11, 1858. Area 81,259 square miles. Population in 1850, 6,077; 1860, 172,143. OREGON. First settled by the Spaniards. Formed from Indian territory. Adopted a Constitution in November, 1857. Admitted February 12, 1859. Area 95,274 square miles. Population in 1850, 12,093 ; 1860, 52,405 ; 1867, 78,697. KANSAS. Formed from Indian territory. Admitted December 6, 1859. Area 81,318 square miles. Population in 1860, 107,206. WEST VIRGINIA. Formed from the State of Virginia. Admitted December 31, 1862. Area 23,000 square miles. Population in 1860, 376,688. NEVADA. Formed from Indian territory in 1861. Admitted in October, 1864. Area 81,539 square miles. Population in 1863, 40,000; 1867, 41,142. NEBRASKA. Formed from Indian territory. Organized as a territory May 30, 1854. Admitted February 9, 1867. Area 75,995 square miles. Population in 1860, 28,841. STATISTICAL EECOBDS. 569 TERRITORIES OF THE UNITED STATES. UTAH. Organized September 9, 1850. Area 109,600 square miles. Population in 1850, 11,380 ; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 80,546. NEW MEXICO. Organized September 9, 1850. Area 124,450 square miles. Population in 1850, 61,547; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 93,516. WASHINGTON. Organized November 2, 1853. Area 71,300 square miles. Population in 1850, 1,201; 1867, estimated not including Indians, 17,391. COLOEADO. Organized in 1861. Area 104,500 square miles. Population in 1867, estimated not including Indians, 37,- 391. DACOTAH. Organized in 1861. Area 152,500 square miles. Population in 1867, not including Indians, 5,321. ARIZONA. Organized in 1863. Area 130,800 square miles. Population in 1867, not including Indians, 5,000. IDAHO. Organized in 1863. Area 310,000 square miles. Population in 1867, not including Indies. 20,000. MONTANA. Organized in 1864. Area unknown. Population in 1867, not including Indians, 30,000. ALASKA. Obtained by treaty from Russia, 1867. Area and population unknown. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Established under the First Article of the Constitution of the United States : " Con gress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the Government of the United States," etc. In pursuance of which provision the State of Maryland, December 23, 1788, passed " An act to cede to Congress a district of ten miles square in this State, for the seat of the Government of the United States." And the State of Virginia, December 3, 1789, passed " An act for the cession of ten miles square, or any lesser quantity of territory within this State, to the United States in Congress assembled, for the permanent seat of the General Government." These cessions were accepted by Congress, as required by the Constitution, and the 570 STATISTICAL RECORDS. permanent seat of Government established by the "Act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government. of the United States," approved July 16, 1790; and the act to amend the same, approved March 3, 1791. The district often miles square was accordingly located, and its lines and boundaries particularly established by a proclamation of George Washington, President of the United States, March 30, 1791, and by the " Ace concerning the District of Columbia," approved February 27, 1801, Congress assumed complete jurisdiction over the said District, as contemplated by the framers of the Constitution. Area about 60 square miles. Population in 1850, 51, G87; 1860,75,080; 1866,118,867. In 1846 that portion of the District lying south of the Potomac was retroceded to Virginia by act of Congress. Slavery was abolished in this District by an act of Con gress, approved April 16, 1862. ORIGIN OF THE NAMES OF STATES. Maine was so called, as early as 1623, from Maine, in France, of which Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, was at that time proprietor. Popular name The Lumber or Pine Tree State. New Hampshire was the name given to the territory conveyed by the Plymouth Com pany to Captain John Mason, by patent, November 7th, 1629, with reference to the patentee, who was Governor of Portsmouth, in Hampshire, England. Popular name The Granite State. Vermont was so called, by the inhabitants in their Declaration of Independence, January 16, 1777, from the French verd mont, the Green Mountains. Popular name The Green Mountain State. Massachusetts was so called from Massachusetts Bay, and that from the Massachu setts tribe of Indians, in the neighborhood of Boston. The tribe is thought to have derived its name from the Blue Hills of Milton. " I had learnt," says Roger Williams, " that the Massachusetts was so called from the Blue Hills. Popular name The Bay State. Rhode Island was so called, in 1664, in reference to the Island of Rhodes, in the Med iterranean. Popular name Little Rhody. Connecticut was so called from the Indian name of its principal river. Connecticut is a Mocheakannew word, signifying long river. Popular names The Nutmeg or Free Stone State. New York was so called, in 1664, in reference to the Duke of York and Albany, to whom this territory was granted by the King of England. Popular names The Em pire or Excelsior State. New Jersey was so called, in 1664, from the Island of Jersey, on the coast of France, the residence of the family of Sir George Carteret, to whom the territory was granted. Pennsylvania was so called in 1681, after William Penn. Popular name The Key stone State. Delaware was so called, in 1703, from Delaware Bay, on which it lies, and which re ceived its name from Lord de la War, who died in this bay. Popular names The Blue Hen, or Diamond State. Maryland was so called in honor of Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I., in his patent to Lord Baltimore, June 30th, 1632. Virginia was so called, in 1584, after Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen of England. Popu lar names The Old Dominion, or Mother of States. Carolina was so called by the French, in 1564, in honor of King Charles IX., of France. Popular name of South Carolina The Palmetto State; of North Carolina The Old North, or Turpentine State. Georgia was so called, in 1732, in honor of King George II. Alabama was so called, in 1814, from its principal river, meaning here we rest. Mississippi was so called, in 1800, from its western boundary. Mississippi is said to denote the whole river, that is, the river formed by the union of many. Popular name The Bayou State. Louisiana was so called, in honor of Louis XIV. of France. Popular name The Creole State. Tennessee was so called, in 1796, from its principal river. The wordTen-as-se is said to signify a curved spoon. Popular name The Big-Bend State. Kentucky was so called, in 1792, from its principal river. Popular name The State of the Dark and Bloody Ground. Illinois was so called, in 1809, from its principal river. This word is said to signify the river of men. Popular names The Sucker, or Prairie State. Indiana was so called, in 1809, from the American Indians. Popular name The Hoosier State. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 571 Ohio was so called, in 1802, from its southern boundary. Popular name The Buck eye State. Meaning of Indian word Ohio-i, Beautiful. Missouri was so called in 1821, from its principal river. Indian name, meaning muddy water. Michigan was so called, in 1805, from the lake on its border. Indian name, meaning a weir for fish. Popular name The Wolverine State. Arkansas was so called, in 1812, from its principal river. Indian name. Popular n'ame The Bear State. Florida was so called by Juan Ponce de Leon in 1572, because it was discovered on Easter Sunday ; in Spanish, Pascna Florida. Wisconsin was so called from its principal river. Indian name, meaning wild rushing river. Popular name The Badger State. Iowa was so called from its principal river. Indian name, meaning the sleepy ones. Popular name Hawkeye State. Oregon was so called from its principal river. Indian name, meaning river of the west. Minnesota is also an Indian word, meaning the whitish water. California, a Spanish word, and named from an arm of the Pacific Ocean. Popular name The Golden State. Texas, a Spanish word applied to the Republic. Popular name The Lone Star State. Kansas is an Indian name, meaning the smoky water. West Virginia. So-called after Virginia. Nevada is a Spanish word, meaning white with snow. Nebraska an Indian word. 572 STATISTICAL ItECOKDS. PROGRESS OF POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES. PROM 1790 TO 1860. FIRST CENSUS, August 1, 1790. "Whites. Free Colored. Slaves. Total. Free States 1,900,772 26,831 40,850 1,968,453 Slave States 1,271,692 32,635 645,047 1,961,374 Total 3,172,464 59,446 697,897 3,929,827 SECOND CENSUS, August 1, 1800. Free States 2,601,509 47,154 35.946 2,684,609 Slave States 1,702,980 61,241 857,095 2,621,316 Total 4,304,489 108,395 893,041 5,305,925 THIRD CENSUS, August 1, 1810. Free States 3,653,219 78,181 27,510 3,758,910 Slave States 2,208,785 108,265 1,163,854 3,480,904 Total, 5,862,004 186,446 1,191,364 7,239,814 FOURTH CENSUS, August 1, 1820. Free States 5,030,371 102,893 19.108 5,152,372 Slave States 2,842,340 135,434 1,524,580 4,502,224 Total 7,872,711 238,197 1,543,688 9,654,596 FIFTH CENSUS, June 1, 1830. Free States 6,876,620 137,529 3,568 7,017,717 Slave States 3,660,758 182,070 2,005,475 5,848,303 Total 10,537,378 319,599 2,009,043 12,866,020 SIXTH CENSUS. June 1, 1840. Free States 9,557,065 170,727 1,129 9,728,921 Slave States 4,632,640 215,568 2,486,226 7,334,434 Total 14,189,705 386,295 2,487,355 17,063,355 SEVENTH CENSUS, June 1, 1850. Free States 13,330,650 196,308 262 13,527,220 Slave States 6,222,418 238,187 3,204,051 9,664,654 Total 19,553,068 434,495 3,204,313 23,191,874 EIGHTH CENSUS, June 1, 1860. Total Population 31,443,322 Total White Population 26,973,843 Total Free Colored Population 487,970 Total Free Population 27,461,813 Total Slave Population 3,953,760 Total Colored Population 4,447,730 By a census taken through the Internal Revenue organization In 1866, it appears that the total population of the United States at that time was 34,505,882. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 573 tf | - b 33-33 E > * O 43 C V g H rf H g | ^ g" g American State 277. American State t07. Giles's Register, Itcmarks. Pooo^ooo^oo^oooo'gc . _.*7 S c d ^ %fll-4 Jj rt O J? < "^ (D ^ " 1 1 is?! i 1^1 < T3 g ^CO (-J "Z "o!t-oS.2co c | |V|1^ ,VJ w . S *" 8 !2 00 .J 00 ._ 02 ; "- 1 " i-; ; 00 "c 2 "3 < p u 5 ^ o A 8 r| rSlc 8.|S|8^I c3 ^ rt ^ c3 ^ %-< g co - -jj -r; .2 C -u'O'a'O'C'a'O'CTSTS'O'C'C^ g S -^ g."^ w g S .^H Q;C3 ( 3^C3O'" fst 02O H CC O O aj O o O * a: *B rt 'B w 'S " c H H H C >. -4J S3 33 * S P. 2 III *i S <*- '~ ^ O co co co o o o o o 8 8 8 Hi 10 fS W co co co c" 5 .S a *9H M G .2 OOt^--Hi-li-l^-HCOOt~COt--O>fllOO CM O5 'X5 O 1-1 -iCOOOOO-* < 'ift ** ^( o t co ^* 1 I OOOOOOOCCI^l t^OOOOCSOOOO'-i'M CD * o d d t V ; w 9 Q fl ft f- a a .000000000000 -g -o -o TS -c -c 73 tj TS -a 73 73 -a ; ; a ::.. o ! o r : -a : 000000000000^0 o o t =8 :::::::::::: ^ : o o o c States. =i2^ : : :^ : : : = : : : : : : 04 .2- ea 1 - I i' I J i 5 S S 3 574 STATISTICAL RECORDS. ec . >, s f " an o_. o as c_,co ^. %H FH O O oo CXI iM CO CO 1-H 1-H i i g^T S3 n rt So S o 5 > s o< r g, ^11 d"^ .co o a SDi-nJ g I census < 1st sess. =>CO CO -* O 03 >-l C M 4J cS '/> . e > ^ | " ' o 3 rt co _C >t cc co co | OOH H W H b i-t iH TH tH i-l CO I-H r-l O Q O O o O eo w eo m co co CO O CO i * CXI CO Oi-Ho t- CMSXICO CO COGOOO CO "5 >ftcO -* '*-*l CO COCO O W5 C5CSX|-*O IOICOOM> COOOCOCOOO CO CJ i-H r-i CO 05 IN ! g HOC 3-0^ c -c c 1 4 c ^ C 1 c -c C C c c c c c T o o O-T3 3 n? O Q i f 9 t e : - I ; i _e i t 2 s J ? c 3 o 'i f "rt Z a t/J ~ W* ~sf l|! Eil ,. s- O 1-1 O, S 50 53 ? w - cJ feD_ -" SCgrf loo <3. - fl^S a JEO a -* S ..a t- o lisa 5 o = fe O c3 O ^ O '/. Si S 8 r^ *- ItJ .-- CO O tfl i^s S^5l I^tl C-O i S -g ^ 7. "EbS 'S STAIISTICAL RECORDS. 575 PAY TABLE OF LEADING CIVIL OFFICERS. President of the United States, per annum, $25,000 00 Vice-President of the United States, " 8,00000 Cabinet Ministers, " s'ooo 00 Chief Justice Supreme Court " 6^50000 Justices of the Supreme Court " G.'ooo 00 Senators and Representatives in Congress, with mileage, per annum 5^000 00 Speaker House of Representatives, " 8,000 00 Secretary of the Senate, " 3^600 00 Clerk House of Representatives, " 3, GOO 00 Assistant Secretaries of Departments, " $3,000 00 to 4,000 00 Heads of Bureaus, " 3,000 00 to 5,000 00 Superintendent Coast Survey, *' 6,00000 Judges District of Columbia " 3,00000 Secretary Smithsonian Institution, * 4,00000 Ministers Plenipotentiary to Great Britain and France, " 17,500 00 Ministers Plenipotentiary to Russia, Prussia, Spain, Austria, China, Italy, Mexico, and Brazil, " 12,000 00 Ministers Plenipotentiary to Chili and Peru, * 10,000 00 Ministers Resident to Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, Japan, Hawaiian Islands, Hayti and San Domingo, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Co lombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Argen tine Republic, Paraguay, and Bolivia, " 7,500 00 Interpreter and Secretary of Legation to China, 5,00000 Dragoman and Secretary of Legation to Turkey, " 3,00000 Consul General to British India, 4,000 00 to British America, to Cuba, to Hanseatic and Free Cities to Hanseatic and Italy, to Turkey and Egypt, 4,000 00 6,000 00 3,000 00 Fees. 3,500 00 and Commissioner to Mon rovia and China, " 4,000 00 " and Commissioner to Mexico/ " 1,50000 Secretaries of Legation, from $1,500 00 to 2,625 00 Consuls, from 1,000 00 to 7,000 00 With regard to the Postmasters, Collectors of the Revenue, Territorial Governors and Judges, and other officers employed throughout the country, they are too numerous to be designated in this place. LEADING GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS. Everything in the shape of a book or pamphlet ordered to be printed by the United States Senate or House of Representatives is called a public document, and can be sent through the mails free of postage by those entitled to the franking privilege. To give a complete and analytical list of these documents in this place would be im practicable, but we submit a synopsis of the more important publications which pos sess an interest for the public generally and are permanent in their character : Agricultural Reports. Though forming part of the -executive documents, they are published annually and separately by the Department of Agriculture, prior to the or ganization of which, in 1862, they were issued from the Patent Office. The annual editions of this work range from two hundred to three hundred thousand copies. 576 STATISTICAL HE COEDS. American Archives. A documentary history of the Revolution Compiled by Peter Force. 9 vols. folio. Authorized in 1833. This work, as originally designed, would have made some thirty volumes or more ; and, although its publication was suspended, the materials for its compilation were transferred by purchase to the Library of Con gress. American State Papers. Printed by Gales & Seaton, 1831 to 1833. 21 vols. folio. This work was carefully compiled from the annually published executive and legisla tive documents of the government. Analysis of the federal Constitution. By William Hickey. Although not actually printed by Congress, it was purchased to such an extent as really to become a public document. Army Regulations. Issued from the War Department. Octavo. Army Statistics of Sickness and Mortality, 1839 to 186-1. By R. II. Coolidge. 1856-60. 2 vols. quarto. Army Register. Issued from the War Department annually. Octavo. Army Meteorological Register. 1843-54. By T. Lawson. 1855. Quarto. Army of the Potomac. By Maj.-Gen. George B. McClellau. 18G4. Octavo. Art of War in Europe in 1854-55-56. By Major R. Delafleld. 1860. Quarto. Astronomical Expedition to the Southern Hemisphere in 1849-50-51 and 52. By Lieut. James M. Gilliss. Quarto. Astronomical Observations. Issued from the National Observatory occasionally, and in quarto form. Blue-Book.A. Biennial Register of all the officers and employees of the govern ment, commenced in 1816. Though formerly compiled in the Department of State, it is now issued from the Interior Department. Octavo. Catalogue Congressional Library. The last edition was published in 18C6, since which time the books belonging to the Smithsonian Institution and the very valuable library of Peter Force have been added to the national collection at the cost of $100,000. Octavo. Census of the United States. Published in quarto volumes under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior Department. Coast Survey. The annual reports from this branch of public service are published in quarto form, and illustrated with elaborate charts. Colonial Trade. By Israel D. Andrews. 1823. Octavo. Commercial Relations. Under this title are annually published in quarto form, by the State Department, information connected with commerce, obtained chiefly through the Consular Bureau from foreign governments. Congressional Debates : Annals of Congress from 1789 to 1824. 44 vols. octavo. Compiled and printed by Gales & Seaton. Contain the public laws. Register of Debates in Congress from 1825 to 1837. 27 vols. octavo. Compiled and printed by Gales & Seaton. Contain the public laws. Congressional Globe from 1833 to close of Thirty-ninth Congress. 7S vols. quarto. Printed by John C. Rives. Contain the public laws. Dictionary of the United States Congress. By Charles Lanman. Published by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Thirty-eighth Congress, and by the Sen ate of the Thirty-ninth Congress. This is the only work belonging to a private indi vidual which was ever published as a public document. Octavo. Diplomatic Correspondence of the American Revolution. Compiled by Jared Sparks. 12 vols. octavo. Diplomatic Correspondence between 1783 and 1789. Compiled by Jared Sparks. 7 vols. octavo. Diplomatic Correspondence. Published annually by the Department of State, al though forming a part of the Executive documents. Octavo. Executive Documents. Under this title are arranged and published the messages, reports, and other state papers emanating from the President, cabinet ministers, and other officers of the government, all of which are numbered in consecutive order. Octavo. Executive Journals of the Senate. These volumes are published from time to time after the injunction of secrecy has been removed. Octavo. Explorations of the Valley of the Amazon. By Lieut. William L. Herndon and Lieut. Lardner Gibbon. Illustrated. 2 vols. octavo. 1853 and 1854. Exploration of the Red River of Louisiana. By Capt. Randolph B. Marcy. Illustrated. Octavo. 1853. Exploration of the Zuni and Colorado Rivers. By L. Sitgreaves. Illustrated. Octavo. 1854. Explorations among the Rocky Mountains. By Captain John C. Fremont. Illustrated. Octavo. 1845. Explorations from Fort Leavemcorth to California. By Lt.-Col. William H. Emory. Illustrated. Octavo. 1848. Exploring Expedition. By Commodore Charles Wilkes. 5 quarto volumes. Illus- STATISTICAL RECORDS. 577 trated. 1846-40. Several supplementary volumes on scientific subjects have been printed, but the work is still in an unfinished condition. Explorations for a Railroad Route between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean. 13 volumes quarto. Illustrated. Exploration of the Colorado River of the West in 1857-58. By Lieut Joseph C. Ives. 1861. Quarto. Illustrated. Explorations of Salt Lake Valley, Utah. By Capt. Howard Stansbury. Octavo. Illus trated. 1852. Expedition to Japan in 1852-53 and 1864. By Commodore M. C. Perry. 1856. 3 vols. quarto. Illustrated. Finance. From time to time volumes are issued by the Treasury Department, con nected with the finances of the country. Octavo. Geological Survey of Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota. By David D. Owen. Printed by J. B. Lippincott & Co., for the General Land Office. Quarto. 1852. Indian Affairs. History of the Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. Compiled by Henry W. Schoolcraft, and illustrated by Maj. Seth Eastman, U. S. A. 6 vols. quarto. 1857. Illustrated. Indian Affairs. History of the Indian Tribes of North America. Compiled by Thomas L. McKenuey and James Hall. 3 vols. folio. With colored portraits by Charles B. King, 1838. Indian Treaties. From 1778 to 1837. Octavo. 1837. By Indian Office. Indian Affairs. -Annual reports published separately by the Indian Office, though included in the Executive Documents. Octavo. Journal, Acts and Proceedings of the Convention which formed the Constitution of the United States, 1818. Octavo. Journals of the House of Representatives. Published in octavo at the close of each session of Congress. Journals of the Senate. Published in octavo at the close of each session of Congress. Madison Papers. Debates in Congress and the Federal Convention. 3 vols. octavo. 1840. By James Madison. Mexican Boundary Survey. By Maj. Wm. H. Emory. 1857. 2 vols. Illustrated. Quarto. Military Commission to Europe in 1855-56. By Alfred Mordecai. 1860. Quarto. Mississippi River : Hydrographical Report on the Upper Basin. By I. If. Nicollet. 1843. Octavo. Navy Register. Published annually by the Navy Department. Octavo. Patent Office. Annual Reports published separately and also with executive docu ments. Embodied in these volumes are outline engravings and full descriptions of all the articles which are patented by the government. Octavo. Public Lands. Annual reports published separately and with the executive docu ments. The more recent issues of this work have been accompanied by maps of great and peculiar value. Octavo. Reports of Committees. This is a series of volumes containing all the reports made in the two houses of Congress, whether the same have been favorably received or not. Octavo. Seat of War in Europe in 1855-56. By Major George B. McClellan. 1857. Quarto. Illustrated. Smithsonian Institution. In addition to its annual octavo reports this institution is sues volumes in quarto form of a scientific character for exchange with foreign governments. Statutes at Large. These large octavo volumes consist of all the laws passed by Congress, and are arranged and printed by Little & Brown for the government. 37 578 STATISTICAL KECOEDS. THE STATE AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNORS, SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. [OBTAINED DIRECTLY FROM THE SECRETARIES OF STATES.] Ike men with a star prefixed to their names have been in Congress. MAINE. FROM TO William King 1820 1822 * Albion K. Parris 1822 1827 Enoch Lincoln 1827 1829 Jonathan G. Hunton 1829 1831 Samuel E. Smith 1831 1834 *Robert P. Dunlap 1834 1838 Edward Kent 1838 1839 *John Fair-field 1839 1840 Edward Kent 1840 1841 *,Tohn Fairfleld 1841 1843 "Edward Kavanaugh (acting) .1843 1844 "Hugh J. Anderson 1844 1847 John W. Dana. 1847 1850 John Hubbard 1850 1853 William G. Crosby 1853 1855 * Anson P. Morrill 1855 185G Samuel Wells 1856 1857 "Hannibal Hamlin 1857 1857 Joseph H. Williams 1857 1858 *Lot M. Morrill 1858 1859 *Lot M. Morrill (re-elected) ... 1859 1860 *Israel Washburne, Jr 1860 1862 Abner Coburn 1862 1863 Samuel Cony 1863 1867 Joshua L. Chamberlain 1867 1869 Salary, $1,500. Term one year. Seat of Government, Augusta. NEW HAMPSHIRE. *Josiah Bartlett 1792 1794 *Johu Taylor Gilman 1794 1805 *Jolm Lansdon 1805 1809 "Jercmiah/Smith 1809 1810 *John Langdon 1810 1812 * William Plumer 1812 1813 *John Taylor Gilman 1813 1816 * William Plumer 1816 1819 "Samuel Bell 1819 1823 *Levi Woodbury 1823 1824 "David L. Morrill 1824 1827 Benjamin Pierce 1827 1829 John Bell 1828 1830 *Mathew Harvey 1830 1831 * Joseph M. Harper 1831 1831 "Samuel Dinsmoor 1831 1834 William Badger 1834 1836 *Isaac Hill 1836 1839 Mohn Page 1839 1842 FROM TO *Henry Hubbard 1842 1844 John H. Steele 1844 184G Anthony Colby 1846 1847 *Jared W. Williams 1847 1849 *Samuel Dinsmoor 1849 1852 Noah Martin 1852 1854 Nathaniel B. Baker 1854 1855 Ralph Metcalf. 1855 1856 Ralph Metcalf. 1856 1857 * William Halle 1857 1858 * William Haile (re-elected) . ..1858 1859 Ichabod Goodwin 1859 1861 Nathaniel S. Berry 1861 1863 Joseph A. Gilmore 1863 1865 Frederick Smyth 1865 1867 Walter Harriman 1867 1868 Salary, $1.000. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Concord. VERMONT. *Moses Robinson 1789 1790 Thomas Chittenden 1790 1797 *Isaac Tichenor 1797 1807 "Israel Smith 1807 1808 "Isaac Tichenor 1 808 1809 Jonas Galusha 1809 1813 Martin Chittenden 1813 1815 Jonas Galusha 1815 1820 "Richard Skinner 1820 1823 C.P. VanNess 1823 1826 Ezra Butler 1826 1828 "Samuel C. Crafts 1828 1831 "William A. Palmer 1831 1835 Silas A. Jenison 1835 1841 Charles Paine 1841 1843 *John Mattocks 1843 1844 "William Slade 1844 184G Horace Eaton 1846 1849 Carlos Coolidge 1849 1850 Charles K. Williams 1S50 1852 Erastus Fairbanks 1852 1853 John S. Robinson 1853 1854 Stephen Royce 1854 1856 Ryland Fletcher 1856 1858 "Hiland Hall 1858 1859 *Hiland Hall (re-elected) 1859 1860 Erastus Fairbanks I860 1861 Frederick Holbrook 1861 1863 J. Gregory Smith 1863 1865 *Paul Diliingham 1865 1867 STATISTICAL RECORDS. 579 FROM TO John B. Page 1867 1868 Salary, ($1,000. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Montpelier. MASSACHUSETTS. *John Hancock 1789 1794 *Samuel Adams 1794 1797 Increase Sumncr 1797 1799 Moses Gill (acting) 1799 1800 "Caleb Strong 1800 1807 * James Sullivan 1807 1808 *Levi Lincoln (acting) 1808 1809 Christopher Gore 1809 1810 *Elbridge Gerry 1810 1812 "Caleb Strong 1812 1816 John Brooks 1816 1823 *William Eustis 1823 1825 *Marcus Morton (acting) 1825 1825 *Levi Lincoln 1825 1834 *John Davis 1834 1836 S. T. Armstrong (acting) 1836 1836 "Edward Everett 1836 1840 *Marcus Morton 1840 1841 *John Davis 1841 1843 "Marcus Morton 1843 1844 *George N. Briggs 1844 1851 *George S. Boutwell 1851 1853 John H. Clifford 1853 1854 Emory Washburn 1854 1855 Henry J. Gardner 1855 1858 "Nathaniel P. Banks 1858 1861 John A. Andrew 1861 1866 Alexander H. Bullock 1866 1869 Salary, $5,000. Term, one year. Seat of Government, Boston. EHODE ISLAND. Arthur Fenner 1790 1805 Henry Smith (acting) 1805 1806 *Isaac Wilbur (acting) 1806 1807 Mames Tenner 1807 1811 William Jones 1811 1817 "Nehemiah R. Knight 1817 1821 William C. Gibbs 1821 1824 "James Fenner 1824 1831 "Lemuel H. Arnold 1831 1833 "John B. Francis 1833 1838 William Sprague 1838 1839 Samuel W. King (acting) 1 839 1840 Samuel W. King 1840 1843 "James Fenner 1843 1845 Charles Jackson 1845 1846 Byron Diman 1846 1847 Elisha Harris 1847 1849 *Henry B. Anthony 1849 1851 "Philip Allen 1851 1852 Wm. Beach Lawrence (acting). 1852 1852 "Philip Allen 1852 1853 Francis M. Dimond 1853 1854 William W. Hoppin 1854 1857 Elisha Dyer 1857 1859 Thomas G. Turner 1859 1860 "William Sprague 1860 1863 John R. Bartlett (acting) 1861 1862 William C. Cozzens (acting) . .1862 1863 FROM TO James Y. Smith 1863 1866 Ambrose E. Burnside 1866 1868 Salary, 01,000. Term, one year. Seats of Government, Newport aud Providence, alternately. CONNECTICUT. *Samuel Huntington 1785 1796 "Oliver Wolcott 1796 1793 "Jonathan Trumbull 1798 1809 *John Tread well 1809 1811 "Roger Griswold 1811 1813 * John Cotton Smith 1813 1818 "Oliver Wolcott 1818 1827 "Gideon To-mlinsou 1827 1831 John S. Peters 1831 1833 "Henry W. Edwards 1833 1834 "Samuel A. Foote 1834 1835 *Henry W. Edwards 1835 1838 "William W. Ellsworth 1838 1842 "Chauncey F. Cleveland 1842 1844 "Roger S. Baldwin 1844 1846 "Isaac Toucey 1846 1847 Clark Bissell 1847 1849 "Joseph Trumbull 1849 1850 "Thomas II. Seymour ] 850 1 853 C. H. Pond (acting) 1853 1854 Henry Dutton 1854 1855 William T. Minor 1855 1857 Alexander H. Holley 1857 1858 William A. Buckingham 1858 1866 Joseph R. Hawley 1866 1867 James E. English 1867 1868 Salary, $1,100. Term, one year. Seats of Government, Hartford and New Haven, alternately. NEW YORK. *George Clinton 1789 1795 "John Jay 1795 1801 "George Clinton 1801 1804 Morgan Lewis 1804 1807 "Daniel D. Tompkins 1807 1816 John Tayler (acting) 1816 1817 *De Witt Clinton 1817 1822 Joseph C. Yates 1822 1824 *De Witt Clinton 1824 1827 "Nathaniel Pitcher (acting) . . .1827 1829 "Martin Van Buren 1829 1830 *Enos T. Throop 1831 1833 "William L. Marcy 1 833 1839 *William H. Scward 1839 1843 William C. Bouck 1843 1845 "Silas Wright 1845 1847 "John Young 1847 1849 "Hamilton Fish 1849 1851 "Washington Hunt 1851 1853 Horatio Seymour 1853 1855 Myron H. Clark 1855 1857 "John A. King 1857 1859 "Edwin D. Morgan 1859 1863 Horatio Seymour 1863 1865 "Reuben E. Fenton 1865 1809 Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Albany. 580 STATISTICAL RECORDS. NEW JEESEY. FROM TO "William Livingston 1789 1794 * William Paterson 1794 1794 Richard Howell 1794 1801 Joseph Bloomfield 1801 1812 *Aaron Ogden 1812 1813 William S. Peiiuington 1813 1815 *Mahlon Dickerson 1815 1817 Isaac H. Williamson 1817 1829 *Peter D. Vroom 1829 1832 *Samuel L. Southard 1832 1833 Elias P. Seely 1833 1833 *Pcter D. Vroom 1833 1836 *Philemon Dickerson 183G 1837 * William Pennington 1837 1843 Daniel Haines 1843 1844 *CiiarlesC. Strattou 1844 1848 Daniel Haines 1848 1851 George F. Fort 1851 1854 *Bodman M. Price 1854 1857 * William A. Newell 1857 18GO Charles S. Olden 1860 1863 Joel Parker 1863 1866 Marcus L. Ward 1866 1869 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Trenton. PENNSYLVANIA. "Thomas Mifflin 1 790 1799 Thomas McKean 1799 1808 Simon Snyder 1808 1817 * William Findlay 1817 1820 * Joseph Heister 1820 1823 John Andrew Shulze 1823 1829 *George Wolf 1829 1835 Joseph Ritner 1835 1839 David R. Porter 1839 1845 Francis R. Shunk 1845 1848 William F. Johnston 1848 1852 "William Bigler 1852 1855 *James Pollock 1855 1858 William F. Packer 1858 1861 Andrew G. Curtin 1861 1867 John W. Geary 1867 1870 Salary, $5,000. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Harrisburg. DELAWARE. * Joshua Clayton 1789 1796 *Gunning Bedford 1796 1797 Daniel Rogers 1797 1798 "llichard Bassett 1798 1801 * James Sykes (acting) 1801 1802 David Hall 1802 1805 "Nathaniel Mitchell 1805 1808 George Truett 1808 1811 Joseph Haslett 1811 1814 *Daniel Rodney 1814 1817 John Clarke 1817 1820 Jacob Stout (acting) 1820 1821 John Collins 1821 1822 Caleb Rodney (acting) 1822 1823 Joseph Haslett 1823 1824 Samuel Paynter 1824 1827 FROM TO George Poinclexter 1827 1830 David Hazzard 1830 1833 Caleb P. Bennett 1833 1837 Cornelius P. Comegys 1837 1840 William B. Cooper 1840 1844 Thomas Stockton 1844 1846 Joseph Maul (acting) 1846 1846 * William Temple 1846 1846 William Thorp 1846 1851 William H. Ross 1851 1855 Peter F. Causey 1 855 1859 William Burton 1859 1863 William Cannon 1863 1865 Gove Saulsbury 1865 1871 Salary, $1,333J. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Dover. MARYLAND. *Jolm Eager Howard 1788 1792 George Plater 1792 1792 "Thomas Sim Lee 1792 1794 John II. Stone 1794 1797 *John Henry 1797 1798 Benjamin Ogle 1798 1801 * John F. Mercer 1801 1803 Robert Bowie 1803 1805 Robert Wright 1805 1809 *Edward Lloyd 1809 1811 Robert Bowie 1811 1812 Levin Winder 1812 1815 C. Ridgely 1815 1818 *C. W. Goldsborough , 1818 1819 Samuel Sprigg 1819 1822 Samuel Stevens 1822 1826 *Joseph Kent 1826 1829 Daniel Martin 1829 1830 T.K. Carroll 1830 1831 Daniel Martin 1831 1831 George Howard (acting) 1831 1832 George Howard 1832 1833 James Thomas 1833 1836 Thomas W. Veasay 1836 1838 William Grayson 1838 1841 *Francis Thomas 1841 1844 Thomas G. Pratt 1844 1848 "Philip F. Thomas 1848 1851 Enoch L. Lowe 1851 1854 Thomas W. Ligon 1854 1858 Thomas H. Hicks 1858 1862 Augustus W. Bradford 1862 1866 Thomas S wann 1866 1867 Oden Bowie 1867 1871 Salary, $3,600, with a furnished house. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Annapolis. VIRGINIA. Beverly Randolph 1788 1791 *HenryLee 1791 1794 Robert Brooke 1794 1796 James Wood 1796 1799 "James Monroe 1799 1802 *John Page 1802 1805 William H. Cabell 1805 1808 John Tyler 1808 1811 * James Monroe 181 1 1811 STATISTICAL RECORDS. 581 FROM TO George W. Smith 1811 1812 * James Barbour J812 1814 * Wilson C. Nicholas 1814 1816 James P. Preston 1816 1819 "Thomas M. Randolph 1819 1822 James Pleasant 1822 1825 *John Tyler 1825 1827 *William B.Giles 1827 1830 *John Floyd 1830 1834 * Littleton W. Tnzewell 1834 183G Windhara Robertson (acting) .183(5 1837 David Campbell 1837 1840 "Thomas W. Gilrner 1840 1841 John Rutherford 1841 1842 John M. Gregory 1842 1843 * James McDowell 1843 1846 "William Smith 1846 1849 JohnB. Floyd 1849 1852 "Joseph Johnson 1852 1856 *Henry A. Wise 1856 1860 *John'Letcher 1860 1864 Francis H. Picrpont 1864 1868 Salary, $5,000. Term, three years. Seat of Government, Richmond. NORTH CAROLINA. "Alexander Martin 1789 1792 "Richard D. Spaight 1792 1795 Samuel Ashe 1795 1798 William R. Davie 1798 1799 "Benjamin Williams 1799 1802 "James Turner 1802 1805 "Nathaniel Alexander 1805 1807 "Benjamin Williams 1807 1808 *l)avid Stone 1808 1810 Benjamin Smith 1810 1811 William Hawkins 1811 1814 William Miller 1814 1817 "John Branch 1817 1820 *Jesse Franklin 1820 1821 "Gabriel Holmes 1821 1824 Hutchins G. Burton 1824 1827 "James Iredell 1827 1828 John Owen 1828 1830 "Montfort Stokes 1830 1832 David L. Swain 1832 1835 "Richard D. Spaight 1835 1837 *Ed\vardB. Dudley 1837 1841 John M. Morchead 1841 1845 * William A. Graham 1845 1849 Charles Manly 1849 1851 "David S. Reid 1851 1855 "Thomas Bragg 1855 1859 John W. Ellis 1859 1861 *Z. B. Vance 1861 1865 Wm.W.Holden (Provisional). 1865 1865 Jonathan Worth 1865 1869 Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Raleigh. SOUTH CAROLINA. "Charles Pinckney 1789 1792 Arnoklus Vanclerhorst 1792 1794 William Monltrie 1794 1796 "Charles Pinckney 1796 1798 FIIOM TO "Edward Rutledge 1798 1800 John Drayton (acting) 1800 1800 John Drayton (acting) 1800 1802 James B. Richardson 1802 1804 Paul Hamilton 1804 1806 *Charles Pincknty 1806 1803 John Drayton 1808 1810 *Henry Middleton 1810 1812 Joseph Alston 1812 1814 *David R. Williams 1814 1816 "Andrew Pickens 1816 1818 John Geddes 1818 1820 Thomas Bennet 1820 1822 John L. Wilson 1822 1824 "Richard I. Manning 1824 1820 "John Taylor 1826 1828 "Stephen D. Miller 1828 1830 James Hamilton 1830 1832 "Robert Y. Hayne 1832 1834 "George McDuffle 1834 1836 Pierce M. Butler 1836 1838 Patrick Noble 1838 1840 B. K. Hennegan (acting) 1840 1 840 *J. P. Richardson 1840 1842 *James II. Hammond 1842 1844 William Aiken 1844 1846 David Johnson 1846 1848 W. B. Seabrook 1848 1850 John H. Means 1850 1852 John L. Manning 1852 1854 James H. Adams 1854 1856 R. F. W. Alston 1856 1858 William II. Gist 1858 1860 "Francis W. Pickens I860 1862 *M. L. Bonham 1862 1864. A. G. Magrath 1864 1865 Benj. F. Perry (Provisional) ..1865 1866 "James L. Orr 1866 1869 Salary, $3,500. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Columbia. GEORGIA. "George Walton 1789 1790 "Edward Telfair 1790 1793 "George Matthews 1793 1796 Jaredlrwiu 1796 1798 "James Jackson 1798 1801 David Emauuel (acting) 1801 1801 Mosiah Tatnall 1801 1802 "John Milledge 1802 1806 Jared Irwin 1806 1809 David B. Mitchell 1809 1813 "Peter Earl}- 1813 1815 David B. Mitchell 1815 1817 William Rabun 1817 1819 Matthew Talbot (acting) 1819 1819 John Clark 1819 1823 *Georgc M. Troup 1823 1827 John Forsyth 1827 1829 "George R, Gilmer 1829 1831 "Wilson Lumpkin 1831 1835 "William Schley 1835 1837 "George R. Gilmer 1837 1839 Charles J. McDonald 1839 1843 "George W. Crawford 1843 1847 "George W. B. Towns 1847 1851 "Howell Cobb 1851 1853 582 STATISTICAL RECORDS. FROM TO *Herschel V. Johnson 1853 1857 Joseph E. Brown 1857 18G5 *James Johnson (Provisional). 1865 1805 Charles J. Jenkins 18G5 1867 Salary, 3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Milledgeville. FLORIDA. TERRITORY. William P. Duval . . 1822 1834 "John II. Eaton 1834 183G *Kicharcl K. Call 1836 1839 Robert R. Reid 1839 1841 *Richarcl K. Call 1841 1844 John Branch 1844 1845 "William D. Moseley 1845 1849 Thomas Brown 1849 1853 James E. Broome 1853 1857 Madison S. Perry 1857 1861 John Milton 1861 1864 William Marvin (Provisional). 1865 1866 David S. Walker 1866 1868 Salary, $1,500. Term four years. ; Seat of Government, Tallahassee. ALABAMA. William W. Bibb 1819 1820 Thomas Bibb 1820 1821 *Israel Pickens 1821 1825 *John Murphy 1825 1829 *Gabriel Moore 1829 1831 Mohn Gayle 1831 1835 *Clemeut C. Clay 1835 1837 *Arthur P. Bagby 1837 1841 *Benjamin Fitzpatrick 1841 1845 * Joshua L. Martin 1845 1847 *Reuben Chapman 1847 1849 Henry W. Collier 1849 1853 John A. Winston 1853 1857 Andrew B. Moore 1857 1861 Re-elected 1861 1863 Thomas H. Watts 1863 1865 Lewis E. Parsons (Provisional) 1865 1865 R. M. Patton 1865 1868 Salary, $2,500. Terra, two years. Seat of Government, Montgomery. MISSISSIPPI. TERRITORY. Winthrop Sargent 1798 1802 *W. C. C. Claiborue 1802 1805 Robert Williams 1805 1809 *David Holmes 1809 1817 STATE. *David Holmes 1817 1819 *George Poindexter 1819 1821 FROM TO Walter Leake 1821 1825 David Holmes 1825 1827 Gerard C. Brandon 1827 1831 Abraham M. Scott 1831 1833 Hiram G. Runnels 1833 1835 Charles Lynch 1835 1837 Alexander G. McNutfc 1837 1841 "Tilgham M. Tucker 1841 1843 "Albert G. Brown 1843 1848 * Joseph W. Mathews 1848 1850 *John A. Quitman 1850 1851 John J. Guion (acting) 1851 1851 James Whitfleld 1851 1852 *Henry S. Foote 1852 1854 Mohn J. MacRae 1854 1858 *William McWillie 1858 I860 John J. Pettus I860 1862 * Jacob Thompson 1862 Win. L. Sharkey (Provisional) 1865 1866 Benjamin G. Humphries 1866 1868 Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Jackson. LOUISIANA. TERRITORY OF ORLEANS. * William C. C. Claiborne 1804 1812 STATE. * William C. C. Claiborne 1812 1816 James Villare 1816 1820 Thomas B. Robertson 1820 1822 H. S. Thibodeaux (acting) 1822 1824 *Henry Johnson 1824 1828 Peter Derbigney 182-3 1829 A. Bauvais (acting) 1829 1830 Jacques Dupre (acting) 1830 1830 Andre B. Roman 1830 1834 *Edward D. White 1834 1838 Andre B. Roman 1838 1841 * Alexander Mouton 1841 1845 Isaac Johnson 1845 1850 Joseph Walker 1850 1854 Paul O. Hebert 1854 1858 R. C. Wickliffe 1858 1860 Thomas O. Moore I860 1864 *Michael Hahn 1864 1864 JamesM. Wells 1864 1867 *B. F. Flanders (by military authority) 1867 Salary, 4,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Baton Rouge. TEXAS. * J. Pinckney Henderson 1846 1847 George T. Wood 1847 1849 *P. H. Bell 1849 1853 Edward M. Pease 1853 1857 H. G. Runnels 1857 1859 * Sam. Houston 1859 1861 F. R. Lubbeck 1861 1865 *A. J. Hamilton (Provisional) . . 1865 1866 J. W. Throckmortou 1866 1867 STATISTICAL RECORDS. 583 FROM TO E. M. Pease 1867 1870 Salary, $4,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Austin. ARKANSAS. TERRITORY. James Miller 1819 1825 George Izard 1825 1829 *Jolm Pope 1829 1835 *William S. Fulton 1835 1836 STATE. James S. Conway 1836 1840 *Archibald Yell 1840 1844 Samuel Adams (acting) 1844 1844 Thomas S. Drew 1844 1848 John S. lloane 1848 1852 Elias N. Couway 1852 1860 Henry M. Rector 1860 1864 Isaac Murphy 1864 1868 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Little Rock. TENNESSEE. *Jolm Sevier 1796 1801 Archibald Roane 1801 1803 *Jolm Sevier 1803 1809 * William Blount 1809 1815 Joseph McMin 1815 1821 William Carroll 1821 1827 *Sam. Houston 1827 1829 William Carroll 1829 1835 "Newton Cannon 1835 1839 *James K. Polk 1839 1841 *James C. Jones 1841 1845 *Aaron V. Brown 1845 1847 Neil S. Brown 1847 1849 William Trousdale 1849 1851 * William B. Campbell 1851 1853 * Andre w Johnson 1853 1857 *Isham G. Harris 1857 1861 *Andrevv Johnson (military) . . . 1862 1864 W. G. Brownlow 1865 1869 Salary, $3,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Nashville. KENTUCKY. Isaac Shelby 1792 1796 James Garrard 1796 1804 "Christopher Greenup 1804 1808 Charles Scott 1808 1812 Isaac Shelby 1812 1816 George Madison 1816 1816 G. Slaughter (acting) 1816 1820 "John Adair 1820 1824 *Joseph Desha 1824 1828 Thomas Metcalfe 1828 1832 John Breathitt 1832 1834 *J. T. Morehead (acting) 1834 1836 James Clark 1836 1837 *C. A. Wickliffe (acting) 1839 1840 FROM TO 'Robert P. Letcher 1840 1844 William Owsley 1844 1848 *John J. Crittenden 1848 1850 John L. Helm (acting) 1850 1851 *Lazarus W. Powell, 1851 1855 "Charles S. Morehead 1855 1859 Beriah Magoffin 1859 1861 J. F. Robinson 1861 1863 Thomas E. Bramlette 1863 1867 John L. Helm 1867 1867 "John W. Stevenson (acting) . . 1867 1868 Salary, $2.500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Frankfort. OHIO. TERRITORY. Arthur St. Clair 1788 1803 STATE. "Edward Tiffin 1803 1807 Thomas Kirker (acting) 1807 1807 Samuel Huutington 1808 1810 "Return J. Meigs 1810 1814 Othneil Looker (acting) 1614 1814 "Thomas Worthington 1814 1818 "Ethan Allen Brown.. 1818 1822 Allen Trimble (acting) 1822 1822 "Jeremiah Morrow 1822 1826 Allen Trimble 1826 1830 Duncan McArthur 1830 1832 Robert Lucas 1832 1836 "Joseph Vance 1836 1838 "Wilson Shannon 1838 1840 "Thomas Corwin 1840 1842 "Wilson Shannon 1842 1844 Thomas W. Bartley (acting) . . . 1844 1844 "Mordecai Bartley 1844 1846 William Bebb 1846 1848 Seabury Ford 1848 1850 Reuben Wood 1850 1853 "William Medill 1853 1856 "Salmon P. Chase 1856 1860 William Dennison 1860 1862 David Tod 1862 1864 John Brough 1864 1865 Charles Anderson (acting) 1865 1866 Jacob D. Cox 1866 1868 Rutherford B. Hayes 1868 1870 Salary, $1,800. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Columbus. MICHIGAN. TERRITORY. William Hull 1805 1814 "Lewis Cass 1814 1831 George B. Porter 1831 1834 "Stevens T. Mason (acting) 1834 1835 J. S. Homer (acting) 1835 1836 STATE. "Stevens T. Mason 1836 1840 * William Woodbridge 1840 1841 584 STATISTICAL RECORDS. FROM TO J. W. Gordon (acting) 1841 1842 John S. Barry 1842 1846 * Alpheus Felch 1846 184 W. L. Greenley (acting) 1847 1848 Epaphroditus Hansom 1848 1850 John S. Barry 1850 1852 *Kobert McClelland 1852 1853 A . Parsons (acting) 1853 1855 "Kinsley S. Bingham 1855 1857 "Kinsley S. Binghara 1857 1859 Moses Wisner 1859 1861 "Austin Blair 1861 1865 Henry II. Crapo 1865 1869 Salary, $1,500. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Lansing. INDIANA. TERRITORY. William H.Harrison 1800 1811 John Gibson (acting) 181 1 1813 Thomas Poscy 1813 1816 STATE. * Jonathan Jennings 1816 1822 "William Hcndricks 1822 1825 James Brown Ray 1825 1831 Noah Noble 1831 1837 "David Wallace 1837 1840 Samuel Bigger 1840 1843 "James Whitcomb 1843 1848 Paris C. Dunning* 1848 1849 "Joseph A. Wright 1849 1857 Ashbel P. Willard 1857 Died "Henry S. Lane 1861 1861 "Oliver P. Morton 1861 1867 Conrad Baker 1867 1869 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Indianapolis. ILLINOIS. TERRITORY. "Ninian Edwards 1809 1818 STATE. "Shadrach Bond 1818 1822 Edward Coles 1822 182G "Ninian Edwards 182C 1830 "John Reynolds 1830 1834 "Joseph Ducan 1834 1838 Thomas Carlin 1838 1842 Thomas Ford 1842 1846 Augustus C. French 1846 1853 Joel A. Matteson 1853 1857 "William II. Bissell 1857 1800 John Woods 1860 1861 "Richard Yates 1861 1865 Richard J. Oalesby 1865 1869 Salary, 01,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Springfield. MISSOURI. TERRITORY. Benjamin Howard. William Clark.. FROM TO STATE. Alexander McNair 1820 1824 Frederick Bates 1824 1826 "John Miller 1826 1832 Daniel Dunklin 1832 1836 L. W. Boggs 1836 1840 Thomas Reynolds 1840 1844 "John C. Edwards 1844 1848 "Austin A. King 1848 1853 "Sterling Price 1853 1857 "Trusten Polk 1857 1857 Hancock Jackson (acting) 1857 1857 R. M. Stewart 1857 1861 Claiborne F. Jackson 1861 1861 H. R. Gamble 1861 1864 Thomas C. Fletcher 1864 1868 Salary, $5,000 Term, four years. Seat of Government, Jefferson City. IOWA. TERRITORY. Robert Lucas 1838 1841 John Chambers 1841 James Clark 1846 STATE. Ansel Briggs 1846 1850 Stephen Hempstead 1850 1854 "James W. Grimes 1854 1858 Ralph P. Lowe 1858 1860 *S. J. Kirk wood 1860 1864 Wm. M. Stone 1864 1868 Samuel Merrill 1868 1870 Salary, $2,200. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Des Moines City. WISCONSIN. TERRITORY. *Henry Dodge 1836 1841 "James D. Doty 1841 1844 "Nathaniel P. Tallmadge 1844 1845 "Henry Dodge 1845 1848 STATE. Nelson Dewey 1848 1851 Leonard J. Farwell 1851 1853 William A. Barstow 1853 1855 olesBashford 1855 1857 Alexander W. Randall 1857 1861 Edward Solomon 1861 1863 James T. Lewis 1863 1866 * During the uncxpired term of Governor Whitcomb, elected in 1848 to the United States Senate. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 585 FROM TO Lucius Fail-child 1866 1869 Salary, $1,250. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Madison. CALIFORNIA. Peter H. Burnett 1849 1851 John McDougall (acting) 1851 152 * John Bigler 1852 1856 J. Neely Johnson 1856 1858 *John B. Weller 1858 1860 *M. S. Latham.... 1860 1862 John G.Downey 1860 1862 Leland Stanford 1861 1863 Frederick F. Low 1863 1868 Henry H. Haiglit 186S 1870 Salary, $14,000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Sacramento. MINNESOTA. TERRITORY. *Alexander Ramsey 1849 1853 Willis A. Gorman 1853 1857 Samuel Medary 1857 1858 STATE. *Henry H. Sibley 1858 1858 * Alexander Ramsey 1858 1862 Stephen Miller 1863 1866 William R. Marshall 1866 1868 Salary, $2,500. Term, two years. Seat of Government, St. Paul. OREGON. TERRITORY. * James Shields 1848 * Joseph Lane 1848 John P. Gaines 1 850 *Joseph Lane 1853 John W. Davis 1853 George L. Curry 1854 STATE. John Whittaker 1859 1862 A. C. Gibbs 1862 1866 George L. Woods 1866 1870 Salary, $1,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Salem. KANSAS. TERRITORY. A. H. Reeder 1 . 1854 * John L. Dawson (Declined) 1855 Wilson Shannon 1855 John W. Geary 1856 *R. J. Walker 1857 * J. W. Denver 1858 *F. P. Stanton 1858 STATE. Charles Robinson 1861 Thomas Carney from 1861 to 1864 S. J. Crawford from 1864 to 1869 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. WEST VIRGINIA. Arthur I. Boreman from 1861 to 1869 Salary, $2,000. Terra, two years. Seat of Government, Wheeling. NEVADA. TERRITORY. *James W. Nye 1361 H. G. Blaisdell from 1864 to 1869 Salary, $4,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Carson City. NEBRASKA. TERRITORY. *William O. Butler (Declined.) 1854 Francis Burt 1854 Mark W. Izard 1854 *\Vm. A. Richardson 1857 Samuel W. Black 1861 David Butler from 1867 to 1868 Salary, $1000. Term, two years. Seat of Government, Omaha City. TERRITORY OF NEW MEXICO. James S. Calhoun 1851 William Carr Lane 1852 *Solon Borland 1853 David Merriwether 1853 Abraham Rencher 1857 Henry Connelly 1861 Robert B. Mitchell 1865 W. M. T. Arny (acting) 1867 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Santa Fe. TERRITORY OF UTAH. Brigham Young 1850 Edward J. Steptoe 1854 Alfred Cummings 1857 S. S. Harding 1861 James D. Doty 1864 586 STATISTICAL RECORDS. "Charles Durkee 18G5 Salary, $2,500. Terra, four years. Seat of Government, Great Salt Lake City. WASHINGTON TERRITORY. "Isaac I. Stevens 1853 *J. Patton Anderson 1857 Fayette McMullen 1857 Richard D. Gholson 1861 * William II. Wallace 1861 William Pickering 1861 Marshall F. Moore 1867 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Olympia. TERRITORY OF COLORADO. John Evans 1861 Alexander Cummiugs 1865 A. C. Hunt 1867 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Golden City. TERRITORY OF DACOTAH. "William Jayne 1861 Newton Edmunds 1863 Andrew J. Faulk 1866 Salary, $1,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Yancton. TERRITORY OF ARIZONA. *John A. Gurley 1862 * John N. Goodwin 18(53 M. M. Crocker (military) 1864 Richard C. McCormick 1866 David W. Eallard 1867 Salary, $3,000. Term, four years. Seat of Govei'umeut, Tucson. TERRITORY OF IDAHO. "William II. Wallace 1863 "Caleb Lyon, of Lyousdale 1864 David W. Ballard 1866 Isaac L. Gibbs 1867 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Seat of Government, Boise City. TERRITORY OF MONTANA "Sidney Edgerton 1864 Francis Meagher (acting) 1865 "Green Clay Smith 1866 Salary, $2,500. Term, four years. Scat of Government, Virginia City. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 587 RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE IN EACH STATE. [FKOM THE STATE CONSTITUTIONS.] MAINE Gives the ballot to every male citizen of the United States of the age of twenty-one years and upward, excepting paupers, persons under guardianship, and Indians not taxed, having resided in the State three mouths. {Constitution of Oct. 29, 1819.) NEW HAMPSHIRE Gives the ballot to " every male inhabitant " of twenty-one years, except paupers and persons excused from paying taxes at their own request. Freehold property qualifica tions were formerly required for office-holders, but these are abolished. New Hamp shire never excluded colored men from voting or holding office. (Constitution 0/1792.) VERMONT. Every man twenty-one years of age, who has resided one year in the State, and who will take an oath to vote " so as in his conscience he shall judge will most conduce to the best good" of the State, may vote. (Constitution 0/1793.) MASSACHUSETTS. The ballot belongs to every male citizen, twenty-one years of age (except paupers and persons under guardianship), who shall have paid any tax assessed within two years, or who shall be exempted from taxation. But no person has the right to vote, or is eligible to office under the Constitution of this Commonwealth, who is not able to read the Con stitution in the English language, and write his name. But this provision docs not apply to any person prevented by a physical disability from complying with its requi sitions, nor to any persons who shall be sixty years of age or upward at the time this amendment shall take effect. (Amendment to Constitution of 1780.) RHODE ISLAND Gives the right of suffrage : 1. To every male citizen of full age, one year in the State, six months in the town, owning real estate worth one hundred and thirty-four dollars, or renting seven dollars per annum. 2. To every native male citizen of full age, two years in the State, six months in the town, who is duly registered, who has paid one dollar tax, or done militia service within the year. (Constitution of 1842.) CONNECTICUT Gives the ballot to all persons, whether white or black, who were freemen at the adoption of her Constitution (.1818), and subsequently to " every white male citizen of the United States," of full age, resident six months in the town, and owning a freehold of the yearly value or seven dollars, or who shall have performed militia duty, paid a State tax, and sustained a good moral character within the year. This was amended in 1845 by utriking out the propeVty and tax-paying qualification, and fixing the residence at one year in the State, and six months in the town. Only those negroes have voted in Con necticut who were admitted freedmen prior to 1818. INDIANA Gives the right of suffrage to " every white male citizen of the United States," of full age and six months' residence in the State, and every white male of foreign birth and full age, who has resided one year in the United States, and six months preceding the election in the State, and who has declared his intention to become a citizen. No per son shall lose his vote by absence in the service of the State, or United States. "No negro or mulatto shall have the right of suffrage." 588 STATISTICAL EECOKDS. ILLINOIS Gives the vote to " every white male citizen " of full age, residing one year in the State, and " every white male inhabitant " who was a resident of the State at the adoption of this Constitution. Like provisions to those of Indiana exist here, relative to persons ill the service of the United States. (Constitution of 1817.) MISSOURI, By her Free State Constitution of 1865, excludes the blacks from voting. MICHIGAN Gives the ballot to every white male citizen, to every white male inhabitant residing in the State, June 24th, 1835, and to every white male inhabitant residing in the State January 1st, 1850, who has declared his intention, etc., or who has resided two and a half years in the State, and declared his intention, and to every civilized male Indian inhabitant, not a member of any tribe. But no person shall vote unless of full age, and a resident three months in the State and six days in the town. (Constitution of 1850.) IOWA. Every " white male citizen" of U. S., of full age, resident six months in the State, sixty days in the county, has the right of voting. NEW YORK Admits to the suffrage " every male citizen " of full age, who shall have been ten days a citizen, one year in the State, four months in the country, and thirty days in the district. But no man of color shall vote unless he has been three years a citizen of the State, and for one year the owner of a freehold worth $250, over incumbrances, on which he shall have paid a tax, and he is to be subject to no direct tax, unless he owns such freehold. Laws are authorized and have been passed, excluding from the suffrage persons convicted of bribery, larceny, or infamous crime, also persons betting on the election. No person gains or loses a residence by reason of presence or absence in the service of the United States nor in navigation nor as a student in a seminary nor in an asylum or prison. A registry law also exists. NEW JERSEY Gives the ballot, by its Constitution of 1844, to "every white male citizen" of the United States, of full age, residing one year in the State and five months in the county, except that no pauper, idiot, insane person, or persons convicted of a crime which ex cludes him from being a witness, shall vote. PENNSYLVANIA Gives a vote to " every white freeman," of full age, who has resided one year in the State and ten days in the election district, and has within two years paid a tax, except that a once qualified voter returning into the State after an absence which disqualifies him from voting, regains his vote by a six months' residence, and except that white free citizens under twenty-two and over twenty-one vote without paying taxes. Limits the elective franchise to " every white male citizen " of the United States, of full age, resident one year in the State. (Constitution of 1851.) But the courts of Ohio having held that every person of one-half white blood is a "white male citizen" within the Constitution, and that the burden of proof is with the challenging party, to show that the person is more than half black, which is impracticable in practice, negroes in Ohio vote without restriction. WISCONSIN. Every male person of full age, resident one year in the State and being either : 1. A white citizen of the United States; 2. A white alien who has declared his intention; STATISTICAL EECOEDS. 589 3. A person of Indian blood who has been declared a citizen by act of Congress; 4. Civilized persons of Indian descent not members of any tribe. CALIFORNIA. Every white male citizen of the United States (or of Mexico, who shall have elected to become a citizen of the United States under treaty ofQueretaroj of full age, resident six months in the State and thirty clays in the district. The Legislature has power to extend the right to Indians and their descendants. MINNESOTA. Every male person of full age, resident one year in the United States, and four months in the State, and being either : 1. A white citizen of the United States; 2. A white alien who has declared his intention; 3. Civilized persons of mixed white and Indian blood ; 4. Civilized Indians certified by a district court to be fit for citizenship. OREGON. Every white male citizen of full age, six months a resident in the State, and every white male alien, of full age, resident in the United States one year, who has declared his intention, may vote ; but '* no negro, Chinaman, or mulatto." KANSAS Gives the ballot to every white male adult resident six months in the State, and thirty days in the town, who is either a citizen, or has declared his intention. WEST VIRGINIA. Every white male citizen (except minors, lunatics and felons), resident one year m the State, and thirty days in the county. NEVADA. The law on the right of suffrage is similar to that of Oregon. NEBRASKA. White citizens, native and naturalized, who have attained the age of twenty-one, and resided in the State for the period provided by law. DELAWARE, By her Constitution as revised in 1831, Art. 4, Sec. 1, gives the elective franchise to every free white male citizen of the age of twenty-two years who has resided one year in the State and the last month thereof in the county, and who has within two years paid a county tax, assessed at least six months before the election ; every free white male citi zen over twenty-one and under twenty-two may vote without paying any tax. Idiots, insane persons, paupers, and felons are excluded from voting, and the Legislature may impose forfeiture of the right of suffrage as a punishment for crime. MARYLAND, By her Constitution, adopted in 1851, Art. 1, Sec. 1, allows "every free white male person of twenty -one years of age, or upward," who has resided one year in the State, six months in the county, and is a citizen of the United States, to vote in the election dis trict in which he resides ; but no adult convicted of an infamous crime unless pardoned, and no lunatic or person non compos mentis shall vote. (Unchanged by Constitution of 1867.) VIRGINIA, By her Constitution of 1851, admitted to vote " every white male citizen of Virginia of twenty-one years, who has resided two years in the State, and twelve months in the county, except persons of unsound mind, paupers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers, seamen, or marines in the United States service, or persons convicted of bribery, or 590 STATISTICAL RECORDS. some infamous offence ; persons in the military and naval United States service not to be deemed residents by virtue of being stationed therein." NORTH CAROLINA. By the Constitution, as amended in 1835. all freemen twenty-one years of age, living twelve months in the State, and owning a freehold of tifty acres for six months, should vote, except that "No free negro, free mulatto, or free person of mixed blood, descended from negro ancestors to the fourth generation inclusive (though one ancestor of each generation may have been a white person), shall vote for members of the Senate or House of Commons." SOUTH CAROLINA, By her new Constitution of 1865, gives the right of voting to every person who has the following qualifications : He shall be a free white man, who has attained the age of twenty-one years, and is not a pauper, nor a non-commissioned officer or private soldier of the army, nor a seaman or a marine of the navy of the United States. He shall, for two years preceding the election, have been a citizen of the State, or, for the same period, an emigrant from Europe, who has declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States. He shall have resided in the State at least two years preceding the election, and for the last six mouths in the district. GEORGIA, By her new Constitution, adopted in 1865, declares that " the electors of the General Assembly shall be free white male citizens of the State, and shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, and shall have paid all taxes which may have been required of them, and which they have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law, for the year preceding the election, shall be citizens of the United States ; and shall have resided six months either in the district or county, and two years within the State. KENTUCKY, By her Constitution, adopted in 1850, makes " every white male citizen, of the age of twenty-one years," who has resided two years in the State, one year in the county, and sixty days in the precinct, a voter. TENNESSEE, By her former Constitution, adopted in 1834, gave the elective franchise to every free white man of the age of twenty-one years, being a citizen of the United States, and for six months a resident of the county; provided, that all persons of color who are com petent witnesses in a court of justice against a white man, may also vote. LOUISIANA, By the Constitution of 1852, gave the ballot to every free white male who has attained the age of twenty-one years, and has resided twelve months in the State, and six months in the parish. MISSISSIPPI Makes every free white male person of twenty-one years of age, who shall be a citi zen of the United States, who has resided one year in the State, and four months in the county, a qualified elector. {Old Constitution.) ALABAMA Is the same as Mississippi, with the substitution of three months' residence in the county. {Old Constitution.') FLORIDA Limits the suffrage to "every free white male person" of twenty-one years of age, a citizen of the United S:ates, two years a resident of the State, and six months of the STATISTICAL RECORDS. 591 county, duly enrolled in the militia, and duly registered ; provided, that no soldier or seaman quartered therein shall be deemed a resident, and the Legislature may exclude from voting, for crime. (Old Constitution.) AKKANSAS Makes every free white male citizen of the United States, twenty-one years of age, who shall have resided six months in the State, a qualified voter in the district where he resides, except that no soldier, seaman, or marine in the United States' service cau vote in the State. (Old Constitution.) TEXAS Gives the vote to "every free male person" who shall have attained the age of twenty-one years, a citizen of the United States, or of the Republic of Texas, one year a resident of the State, and six months of the county (Indians not taxed, Africans and the descendants of Africans excepted. (Old Constitution.) QUALIFICATIONS FOR GOVERNORS, SENATORS, AND REP RESENTATIVES IN EACH STATE. [FROM THE STATE CONSTITUTIONS.] MAINE. Governor. A native citizen of the United States, five years a citizen of the State, and thirty years of age. Senators. Five years a citizen of the United States, one year of the State, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the United States five years, an inhabitant of the State one year, and twenty-one years of age. NEW HAMPSHIRE. Governor. A citizen of the United States seven years, an estate of 500 (one-half a freehold), and thirty years of age. Senators. Residence in the State seven years, a freehold estate of 200, and thirty years of age. Representatives. Two years an inhab itant of the State, and an estate of 100 (one-half a freehold). VERMONT. Governor. A. citizen of the State four years. Senators. A qualified voter, and thirty years of age. Representatives. Persons most noted for wisdom and virtue, and who have resided in the State two years. MASSACHUSETTS. Governor. A citizen of the State seven years, an estate of 1,000, and of the Christian religion. Senators. Five years a citizen of the State, a freehold of 300, or ratable estate of 600. Representatives, A. citizen of the State one year, and a freehold of 100, or ratable estate of 200.. RHODE ISLAND. Governors, Senators, and Representatives. Their qualifications are not specified In the State Constitution only to the extent that they must make oath to support the State and Federal Constitutions. CONNECTICUT. Governor. A voter, and thirty years of age. Senators. A qualified voter. tentative. A. qualified voter. 592 STATISTICAL RECORDS. NEW YORK. Governor. A citizen of the United States, five years a citizen of the State, a freeholder, and thirty years of age. Senators. A qualified voter, and a freeholder. Representa tives. No qualifications. NEW JERSEY. Governor. A resident of the State. No Senate; the duties performed by the Legis lative Council. Representatives. A citizen of the State one year, and real or personal estate of 500, proclamation money. PENNSYLVANIA. Governor, A citizen of the State seven years, and thirty years of age. Senators. A citizen of the State four years, and of the district where chosen the last year, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the State three years, and for the last year a citizen of the city or county where chosen. DELAWARE. Governor. A citizen of the United States twelve years, of the State the last six years, and thirty years of age. Senators. A citizen of the State three years, a free hold of two hundred acres, or 1,000, and twenty-seven years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the State three years, and twenty-four years of age. MARYLAND. Governor. A resident of the State above five years, and thirty yeary of age. Sen ators. A resident of the State three years, and twenty-five years of age. Representa tives. Resident in the county where chosen one year, and twenty-one years of age. VIRGINIA. Governor. A native citizen of the United States, citizen of the State five years, and thirty years of age ; ineligible for three years after the first term. Senators. A resi dent and freeholder in the district where chosen, and thirty years of age. Representa tives. A resident and freeholder in the county where chosen, and twenty-five years of age. (Old Constitution.) NORTH CAROLINA. Governor. A resident in the State five years, freehold in the State of more than 1,000, and thirty years of age. Senators. A citizen of the county where chosen one year, and three hundred acres of land. Representatives. A citizen of the county where chosen one year, one hundred acres of laud in fee or for the term of his life. (Old Con stitution.') SOUTH CAROLINA. Governor. A citizen of the State ten years, an estate of 1.500, sterling, clear of debt, and thirty years of age. Senators. A citizen of the State five years, a resident of the district where chosen, and an estate of 300, sterling; or, not being a resident, an estate of 1,000, and thirty years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the State three years, a resident, and an estate of five hundred acres of land, ten negroes, or 150 sterling in real estate; or, not being a resident, an estate of 500 sterling. (Old Con stitution.') GEORGIA. Governor. A citizen of the United States twelve years, and of the State six years, an estate of five hundred acres of land, and other property amounting to $4,000 more than debts due, and thirty years of age. Senators. A citizen of the United States nine years, and of the State three years, a freehold of $ 500, or taxable property of $1,000 more than debts due, all legal taxes paid, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the United States seven years, and of the State three years, a freehold of $250, or taxable property of $500 more than debts due, and all legal taxes paid. (Old Constitution.') ALABAMA. Governor. A native citizen of the United States, and a citizen of the State four years, thirty years of age, and ineligible for more than four successive years. Senators. STATISTICAL RECORDS. 593 A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the district where chosen one year, and twenty-seven years of age. Representatives. - A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen oue year, and twenty-one years of age. (Old Constitution.} MISSISSIPPI. Governor. A citizen of the United States twenty years, and of the State five years, a freehold estate of $2,000, and thirty years of age ; 'ineligible for more than four suc cessive years. Senators. A citizen of the United States and of the State four years, the last year residing in the district where chosen, and thirty years of age. Representa tives. A citizen of the United States and of the State two years, the last year residing in the county where chosen, a freehold estate of $500, and twenty-one years of age. (Old Constitution.) LOUISIANA. Governor. A citizen of the United States and of the State six years, an estate of $5,000, and thirty-live years of age. Senators. A citizen of the United States, of the State four years, and in the district where chosen one year, an estate of $1,000, and twenty-seven years of age. Representatives.* A. citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one year, an estate in land of $500, and twenty-one years of age. {Old Constitution.') TENNESSEE. Governor. A citizen of the United States and of the State seven years, and thirty years of age. Senators. A citizen of the United States, three years' residence in the State, and in the county Avhere chosen one year, and thirty years of age. Representa tives. A citizen of the United States and of the State three years, residence in the county where chosen one year, and twenty-one years of age. (Old Constitution.') KENTUCKY. Governor. A citizen of the United States and of the State six years, thirty-five years of age, and ineligible for more than one term in seven years. Senators. A citizen of the United States, of the State six years, and of the district where chosen the last year, and thirty-five years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen the last year, and twenty-four years of age. OHIO. Governor. A citizen of the United States twelve years, an inhabitant of the State four years, .and thirty-five years of age. Senators. A citizen of the United States, and of the district where chosen two years, having paid and State or county tax, and thirty years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the United States, an inhabitant of the State, and a resident in the county where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-live years of age. INDIANA. Governor. A citizen of the United States ten years, and of the State five years, and, thirty years of age. Senators. A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the district where chosen the last year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-live years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the United States, and of the State and county where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty- one years of age. ILLINOIS. Governor. A citizen of the United States thirty years, and of the State two years, thirty years of age, and ineligible for two successive terms. Senators. A citizen of the United States, and of the district where chosen the last year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-five years of age. Representatives. A. citizen of the United States, and an inhabitant of the State and county where chosen, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-one years of age. 33 594 STATISTICAL RECORDS. MISSOURI. Governor A native citizen of the United States, a resident of the State four years, and thirty-five years of age. Senators. A citizen of the United States, of the State four years, and of the district where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and thirty years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the United States, of the State two years, and of the county where chosen one year, having paid a State or county tax, and twenty-four years of age. MICHIGAN. Governor. A citizen of the United States five years, and a resident of the State the last two years. Senators. A citizen of the United States, and a qualified voter in the county where chosen. Representatives. Same as the Senators. ARKANSAS. Governor. A. native citizen of the United States, or a resident of the State ten years previous to the adoption of the Constitution, and four years preceding the election. Senators. A citizen of the United States, a resident of the State one year, and thirty years of age. Representatives. A citizen of the United States, a resident of the county where chosen, and twenty-five years of age. (Old Constitution.*) FLORIDA. Governor. Must be thirty years of age. have been a citizen of the United States for ten years, or an inhabitant of Florida at the time of the adoption of the Constitution, and a resident of the State five years preceding the day of election. Senators. A. citi zen of the United States, a resident of the State for two years, one year a resident of the district in which he resides, and must be twenty-five years of age. Representa tives. Must have attained the age of twenty-one years, and in other particulars quali fied as are the Senators. (Old Constitution.) TEXAS. Governor. Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have been a resident of the State for three years preceding his election. Senators. Must have attained the age of thirty years, be a citizen of the United States, a resident in the State for three years preceding his election, and one year in the district where he resides. Representations. Must be a citizen of the United States, have resided in the State two years, in his district one year, and have attained the age of twenty-one years. ( Old Constitution.') IOWA. Governor. Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for two years. Senators. Must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, a resident of the State for one year, and of the district where he resides at least sixty clays. Representatives. Must be twenty-one years of age, and ill other respects possess the qualifications of Senators. WISCONSIN. Governor. No person except a citizen of the United States, and a qualified elector of the State, shall be eligible to this office. Senators and Representatives. No person shall be eligible to the Legislature who shall not have resided in the State one year, and be a qualified elector in the district where he resides. CALIFORNIA. Governor. Must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for two years. Senators and Representatives. Must be qualified electors, residents of the State one year, and of their districts six monihs. MINNESOTA. Governor. Must be a citizen of the United States, twenty-five years of age, and a resident of the State for one year. Senators and Representatives. Shall be qualified STATISTICAL RECORDS. 595 voters of the State, and shall have resided one year in the State and six months in the district from which they are elected. OREGON. Governor. Must be a citizen of the United States, thirty years of age, and three years a resident of the State. Senators and Representatives. Must be twenty-one years of age, citizens of the United States, and residents of their several districts for one year preceding their election. KANSAS. Governor. Must be thirty years of age, a citizen of the United States, and have resided two years in the State. Senators. Must be twenty-five years of age, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the State for one year. Representatives. Must be twenty-one years of age, and possess the other qualifications of Senators. WEST VIEGINIA. Governor. His qualifications are not specified in the Constitution of the State Senators and Hepresentatives. Must have been residents of the district or county where chosen for one year next preceding the election. NEVADA. Governor. Must be twenty -five years of age, and a citizen of the State two years. Senators and Representatives . Their qualifications are not specified in the Constitution of the State, excepting so far as being qualified electors. NEBEASKA. Governor, Senators and Representatives. Their qualifications are not specified in the State Constitution excepting so far as being citizens and qualified electors. CONCLUDING NOTE. In a work of this kind, containing so many thousand proper names, it is almost im possible not to commit an occasional error; and I earnestly request that those who many consult the volume, and can furnish me with corrections, will promptly do so, and thereby benefit the public and place me under obligations. Any additional facts will also be thankfully received. Address, CHAELES LANMAN, Georgetown, District of Columbia. INDEX INDEX BY STATES NAMES OF SENATORS, REPRESENTATIVES, AND DELEGATES. Alabama. PAGE. Abercrombie, James 9 Alston, William J 15 Itagby, Arthur P 2-') Baylor, it. E. B 32 lielser, James E 35 Bowdon, Franklin W 4(5 Bragg, John 49 Chambers, Henry 75 Chapman, Reuben 76 Clay, Clement C 83 Clay, Clement C., Jr 83 Clemens, Jeremiah 85 Cloplon, David 86 Cobb, Williamson It. W 88 Cotteral, J. L. T 05 Crabb, George \V 96 Crowell, John 100 Curry, J. L. M 101 Dargan. F.dward S 105 Dcllet, James 112 Dpwdell, James P 120 Fitzpatrick, Benjamin 130 Gftyle, John 151 Harris, Sampson W 175 HUllard, Henry W 188 Houston, George S 195 Hiibbard, David 198 Inge, Samuel W 203 King, William B 223 Lawler, Joab 230 Lewis, Dixon H 237 Lyon. Francis S 240 Hordia, Samuel W 258 Martin, Joshua L 200 McConnell, Felix G 249 McKinley, John 252 Moore, Gabriel 272 Moore, Sydenham E 273 Murphy, John 282 < ) wen, G eorge W 202 Payne, Winter W 297 Phillips, Philip 303 Pickens, Israel (see North Carolina) 304 Pugh, James L 314 Shields, Benjamin G 345 Shorter, Mi S 345 Smith, William 11 354 Stallworth, James A 359 Walker, John W 398 Walker, Percy 399 White, Alexander 411 Yancey, William L 428 Arkansas. Ashley, Chester 21 Bates, James W 31 Borland, Solon 44 Comvay, Henry W 92 Cross, Edward 100 Fulton, WilliamS 148 Greenwood, A. B 161 Hindman, Thomas C 188 Johnson, Robert W 212 Mitchell, Charles B 270 N ewton, Thomas W 285 Hust, Albert 333 Sebastian, W. K 338 Sevier, Ambrose H 340 Warren, Kdward A 403 Yell, Archibald 429 California. Axtell, Samuel B 2'i Bid well, John us Broderick, David C 5j Birch, John Chilton (io Cole, Cornelius 8i> Connes, John y:> Denver, James W ll:s Fremont, John Charles HO Gilbert, Edward 153 Gwin, William M i<>5 Haun, II. P 178 Herbert, Philip T 180 Higby, William, 180 Johnson, James A 210 Latham, Milton S 22> Clark, Ezra, Jr 81 Cleveland, Chauncey F 85 Coit, Joshua , 80 Cooke,Joseph P 1)3 Daggett, David 103 Dana, Samuel W 105 Davenport, James 100 Davenport, J ohn 107 Dean, Sidney Ill Deane, Silas Ill Deming, Henry C 113 Dixon, James 117 Dyer, Eliphalet l,'l Dwight, Theodore 123 Edmond, William !.'."> Edwards, Henry W 120 Edwards, Pierpont 120 Ellsworth, Oliver 128 599 600 INDEX. Ellsworth, William W 129 English, Jaraes K 130 Ferry, Orris S 130 Foot, .Samuel HI Foster, LaFayette S 143 Fowler, Oriu 144 J2 Holt, Orrin 192 11 oil en, .Samuel 192 Hosmer, Titus 194 Hotclikisa, Julius 195 Hubbard, John 11 198 Hubbanl, II. D 193 Ilubbard, Samuel Dickinson 198 lluntingtou, Benjamin 20 1 }!untington, Ebenezer 20.' llunrington, Jabez W 20,: lltimington, Samuel 202 Ingersoll, Collcn M 203 Ingersoll, Kalpli J 204 Ingiiam, Samuel 204 Jackson, Ebenezer, Jr 200 Johnson, William S 212 Judson, Andrew T 215 Lanman, James 2'JS Law, l.yiiiiin 230 Law, Kichard 230 Learned, Amasa 233 Loom is, Dwight 24* Mervin , Orange 200 Jliner, I'hineas 270 Mitchell, Stephen M 271 Niles, John M 28<> isbornc, Thomas B 291 I'orkins, Klias :!00 Phelps, Elisha 302 Phelps, Launcelot 303 IMtkiu, Timothy 307 riant, David .'!07 Pratt, J ames T 312 Rockwell, John A 327 Koot, Jesse 329 ICusa, .loll Seymour, < )rigen S 341 Seymour, Thomas H 341 Sherman, Koger 344 Sherwood, Samuel B 245 Simons, Samuel 347 Smith, J ohn Cotton 352 Smith Nathan 352 Smith, Nathaniel 352 Smith, Perry 353 Smith, Truman 354 Spencer, Joseph 358 Starkweather, II. H 300 Sterling, A nsel 302 Stevens, James 303 Stewart, John 304 Stoddard, Ebenezer 300 Storrs, William L 307 Sturgis, Jonathan 370 Sturgis, Lewis Burr 370 Strong, Jedediah 308 Swift, Zephaniah 372 Tallmadge, Benjamin 373 Terry, Nathaniel 377 Tomlinson, Gideon 3*3 Toucey, Isaac 384 Tracy, Uriah 385 Treadwell, John 385 Trumbull, Jonathan 387 Trumbull, Joseph 387 Trumbull, Joseph 387 Tweedy, Samuel 389 Wads worth, James 390 Wads worth, Jeremiah 397 Waldo, Lorin 1' 398 Warner, Samuel L 402 Welch, William W 407 Whitman, Lemuel 412 Whittlcsey, Thomas T 413 Wiklman, Zalmon 414 Willey, Calvin 415 Williams, Thomas Scott 417 Williams, Thomas W .......................... 417 Williams, William ............................. 417 Wolcott, Oliver ................................ 423 Woodruff, G eorge C ............................ 4^4 AVoodruff, John ................................ 424 Young, Ebeiiezer .............................. 421) Basset, Kichard ................................ 30 Bates, Martin W ............................... 31 Bayard, James A .............................. 31 Bayard, Jamej A .............................. 31 Bayard, Kichtird II ............................. 31 Bedford, Gunning ............................. 33 Broome, James M .............................. 54 Clayton, John M ............................... 84 Clayton, Joshua ............................... 85 Clayton, Thomas .............................. 85 Coiiiegys, Joseph 1' ..................... .. ...... 91 Cooper, Thomas ............................... 94 Cullen, KlishaD ............................... 101 Dickinson, John ............................... 115 Evans, John ................................... 131 Fisher, George I' .............................. 138 Hall, Willard .................................. 107 Horsey, Outerbridge ........................... 194 Houston, John W .............................. 195 Johns, Kensey ................................. 20!) Kearney, Dyre ................................. 210 Lattimer, Henry ............................... 229 McComb, Eleazer .............................. 249 McKean, Thomas .............................. 252 J! illigan, John J ............................... 200 Jlitchfll, Nathaniel ............................ 271 Naudain, Arnold .............................. 283 N icholson, J ohn A ............................. 280 Patton, John .................................. 297 1'eery, William ................................ 298 Kead, George .................................. 318 Kiddle, George Kead ........................... 323 Kidgeley, Henry AI ............................. 323 Kobinson , Thomas ............................. 327 Kodney, Caesar ................................ 328 Kodney, Caesar A .............................. 328 Kodney, Daniel, ............................... 3-8 Kodney, George B ............................. 328 Kodney, Thomas .............................. 3^8 Saulsbury, Willard ......................... :. . 335 Smithers, Nathaniel B ......................... 355 Spruance, Persley ............................. 359 Sykes, James. 372 'I emple, William .............................. 370 Tilton, James .................................. 382 Van Dyke, Nicholas ........................... 392 Van Dvke, Nicholas ........................... 392 Vining, John .................................. 390 Wales, John ................................... 398 Wells, William H .............................. 408 Wharton, Samuel ............................ 409 White, Samuel ................................ 4 12 Whiteley, William G .......................... 412 Brockenbrough, William II .................... 52 Cabell, Edward C .............................. 05 Call, Kichard K ................................ 67 Downing, Charles ............................. 120 Hawkins, George S ........................... 179 Hernandez, Joseph M ........................ 184 Mallory, Stephen K ............................ 250 Maxwell, Augustus E .......................... 203 Morton, Jackson .............................. 279 Wescott, James D ............................. 409 White, Joseph M .............................. 412 Yulee, David L ................................ 430 Georgia. Abbott, Joel ................................... 9 Alford, Julius C ............................... 12 Bailey.David J ............ i ................... 24 Baldwin, Abraham ............................ 25 Barnett, William .............................. 28 Berrien, John McP ............................ 30 Bibb, William W .............................. 3? Black, Edward J ............................... 40 Brownson, Nathan ............................ 57 Bryan, Joseph ................................. 50 Bullock, Archibald ............................ 00 Bulloch, William B ............................ 70 Carey, George ................................. 70 INDEX. G01 Carncs. Thomas r 70 Chappell, A. H 77 Carnon, Robert M Chastain, Edward VV Clay, Joseph -.. Clayton, Augustiu S Cleveland, J. F 85 Clinch Duncan L 80 Cobb, Howell 87 Cobb, ITowell 87 Cobb, Thomas W 88 Coffe, .John Colquitt, Alfred H 90 Colquitt, W.T 00 Cook, Zadock 03 Copoer, Mark A 94 Crawford, George W 98 Crawford, Joel 98 Crawford, Martin J 08 Crawford, William H 08 Cnthbhet, Alfred 102 Cuthbcrt, John A 103 Dawson, William C 110 Dent, William B. W 113 Early, Peter 124 Elliot, .John 128 Tew, William 137 Floyd, John 140 Forsyth, John 142 Fort, Tomlinson 142 Foster, Nathaniel G 144 Foster, Thomas F 144 Gamble, Roger L 149 Gartrell, Lucius J 150 Gibbons, William 152 Gilmer, George H 154 Glascock, Thomas 155 Grantland, Seaton 159 Gmm, James 104 Gwinnctt, Unit on 105 Habersham, Joseph 105 llabersham, Richard W 105 Hackett, Thomas C 1C5 Hall, Boiling 10(5 Hall.Lyman 167 Hammond, Samuel 170 J I ;n-:i I.-"',!. Hugh A 172 Hanleman, Thomas, Jr 172 Hayne-i, Charles E 180 Hill, Joshua , 187 Hillyer, Junius 188 Houston, John 195 Houston, William 195 Holsey, Hopkins 192 Howley, Uichard 107 Jverson, Alfred 205 Jackson, Jabez 200 Jackson, James 20"> Jackson, James 200 Jackson, Joseph W 200 Johnson, Herschell V 210 Johnson, James 210 Jones, George 213 J ones, J ames 213 Jones, John J 214 Jones, John W 214 Jones, Noble Wimberly : 214 Jones, Seaborn 214 King, John P 222 King, T. Butler 223 Lamar, Henry G 227 Langwortliy , Edward 228 Love, Peter E 243 Lumpkin, John H 244 Lumpkin, Wilson 244 Mathews, George 202 Head, Cowles 204 Meriwether, David 200 Meriwether, I. A 200 Meriwether, James 200 Milledge, John , 208 Millen, John 268 Murphy, Charles 282 Newman, Daniel 285 Nisbet, E. A 286 Owen, Allen F 292 Owens, George W 292 Pierce, W 305 Prince, Oliver H 312 Reese, David A 320 Reid, Robert K 320 Schely, William 330 Seward, James L 341 Smelt, Dennis 349 Spaulding, Thomas 350 Stephens, Alexander H 3iV4 Stiles, William H 301 Tait, Charles 372 Taliaferro, Benjamin 373 Tatnall, Edward F 374 Tatnall, Josiah 374 Telfair, Edward w 370 Telfair, Thomas 370 Terrill, William 377 Thompson, Wiley 381 Toombs, Robert 384 Towns, George W 384 Trippe, Robert P 380 Troup, George M 380 Underwood, John W. H 389 Walker, Freeman 398 Walker, John 398 Walton, George 401 Ware, Nicholas 402 Warner, H iram 402 Warren, Lott 403 Wayne, Anthony 405 Wayne, James M 405 Wellborn, M. J 408 Wilde, Richard Henry 414 Willis, Francis 418 Wood, Joseph 423 Wright, Augustus B , 426 Zubly, John Joachim 130 Illinois. Allen. James C 13 Allen, William J 14 Allen, Willis 14 A mold, Isaac N 20 Baker, David J 24 Baker, Edward D 24 Baker, Jehu 25 Bissell, William H 40 Bond, Shadrack 44 Breese, Sidney 51 Bromwell, Henry P. H 53 Browning, Orville H 67 Hurr, Albert G 63 Campbell, Thompson C9 Casey, /adoc 72 Cook, Burton C 03 Cook, Daniel P 93 Cullom, Shelbey M 101 Douglas, Stephen A 110 Duncan, Joseph 122 Eden, John R 125 Edwards, Ninian 126 Ewing, William L.D 133 Farnsworth, John F 134 Ficklin, Orlando B 137 Fouke, Philip B 144 Hardin, John J 172 Harding, Abner C 172 Harris, Charles M 174 Harris, Thomas L , 175 Hodges, Charles D 189 Hoge, Joseph P 190 Ingersoll, Ebon C 203 J iid;l, Norman B 215 Kane, EliasK 216 Kellogg, William 217 Knapp, Anthony L 224 Knox, James 225 Kuykendall, Andrew J 226 Lincoln, Abraham 237 Logan, John A 241 Lovejoy, Owen 243 Marshall, Samuel S 259 May, William L 264 McClernard, John A 248 McLean, John 253 Me Roberts, Samuel 255 Moloney, Richard S 271 Morris , Isaac N 277 Morrison, J. L. D 278 Morrison, William R 278 Moulton, Samuel W 180 Vorton, Jesse 288 Pope, Nathaniel 309 Raum, Green B 318 Reynolds, John 321 Richardson, William A 323 602 INDEX. Robinson, James C 320 Robinson, John M 327 Ross, Lewis W 330 Semple, James 330 Shaw, Aaron 342 Shields, James 345 Smith, Robert 353 Stephenson, Benjamin 302 Stewart, J ohti T 370 Thomas, Jesse B. (see Indiana) 379 Thornton, Anthony 381 Trumbull, Lyman 387 Turner, Thomas J 388 Washburne, Elihu B 404 Wentworth, John 408 Wood worth, James II 425 Yates, Richard 428 Young, Richard M 429 Young, Timothy R 429 Indiana,. Albertson, Nathaniel 11 Barbour, Lucien 27 Blake, Thomas H 42 Boon, Ratliff 44 Brenton, Samuel 51 Bright, Jesse D 62 Brown, William J 58 Call, Jacob 07 Carr, John 71 Case, Charles 72 Cathcart, Charles W 74 Chamberlain, Ebenezer M 74 Coburn, John 88 Colfax, Schuyler 90 Cravens, James A 98 Cravens, James H 98 Cumback, William 101 Davis, John G 108 Davis, John W 108 Defrees, Joseph H 112 Dumont, Ebenezer 121 Dunham, Cyrus L 122 Dunn, GeorgeG 122 Dunn, George H '. ... 122 Dunn, William McKee 122 Eddy, Norman 124 Edgerton, Joseph Ketcham 125 Embree, Elisha 130 English, William H 130 Ewing, John 133 Farquhar, John H 134 Fitch, G. N 139 Foley, James B 141 Gorman, Willis A ". 158 Graham, William 158 Gregg, James M 161 Hanna, Robert 171 Hannegan, Edward A 171 Harlan, Andrew J 173 Harrington, Henry W 174 Hendricks, Thomas A 183 Hendricks, William 183 Henly, Thomas J 183 Herod, William 184 Hill, Ralph 187 Holloway, David P 191 Holman, William S 191 Howard, Tilghman A 196 Hughes, James 199 Hunter, Morton C 201 Jennings, Jonathan 209 Julian, George W 215 Kennedy, Andrew 218 Kerr, Michael C 220 Kilgore, David 221 Kinnard, George L, 223 Lane, A mos 227 Lane, Henry S 227 Lane, James H '. 227 Law, John 230 Lockhart, James 241 Mace, Daniel 246 McCarty, Jonathan 248 McDonald, Joseph E 250 McDowell, James Foster 250 McGaughey, Edward W 250 Miller, Smith 209 Mitchell, William 271 Morton, Oliver P 279 Niblack, William E 285 Noble, James 287 Orth, Godlove S 2'.)1 Owen, Robert Dale 2Cf* 1'arke, Benjamin 29* Parker, Samuel W 295 Pettit, John 301 Pett.it, John U liOl Porter, Albert G SOS) Prince, William 313 Promt, George H 313 Rariden, James 318 Robinson, John L. 3~<> Rockhill, William 327 Sample, Samuel C 334 Scott, Harvey D 337 Shanks, John P. C 342 Slade, Charles 318 Smith, Caleb B 350 Smith, Oliver Hampton ?.53 Smith, Thomas 353 Snyder, Adam W 355 Stilwell, Thomas N 305 Taylor, Waller 37(5 Test, .John 377 Thomas, Jesse B., (see Illinois) 379 Thompson, Richard W 380 Tipton, John 383 Turpie, D 388 Voorhees, Daniel W 39(5 AVallace, Dav id 400 Washburn, Henry D 403 White, Albert S 410 Whitcomb, James 410 Wick, Willinm W 413 Williams, William 418 Wilson, James 41!) Wright, Joseph A 427 Iowa. Allison, William B 14 Chapman, William W 70 Clark, Lincoln 81 Cook, JohnP 93 Curtis, Samuel R 102 Davis, Timothy 107 Dodge, Augustus C 113 Dodge, Grenville M 118 Grimes, James W 102 Grinnell, JosiahB 102 Hall, Augustus 100 Harlan, James 173 Hastings, Samuel Clinton, 178 Henn, Uernhart 13 Hubbard, Asahel W 197 Jones, George W. (see Michigan) 213 Kasson, John A 21(5 Kirkwood, Samuel J 224 Leffler, Shepherd 235 Loughridge, William 242 Miller, Daniel F 208 Price, H iram 313 Thompson, William 381 Thorington, James 381 Vandever, William 392 Wilson, James F 420 Kansas. Clarke, Sidney 82 Conway, Martin F 92 Lane, James H 2L7 Parrott, Marcus J 29(5 Pomeroy, Samuel C 309 Ross, E. G 329 Whitefleld, J. W 412 Kentucky. Adair, John 9 Adams, George M 10 Adams, Green 10 Allen, Chilton 12 Anderson, Lucien 10 Anderson, Richard C., Jr., 1(5 Anderson, Simeon H 1(5 Anderson, William C 17 Andrews, Landaff W 17 Barry, William T 29 Beatty, Martin 33 Beck, James B 34 Bedinger, George M 33 INDEX. 603 Bell, Joshua F 34 Bibb, George M 37 Bledsoe, Jesse 42 Boyd, Linn 47 Boyle, John 48 Breck, Daniel 50 Breckinridge, James I) 50 Breckinridge, John 60 Breckinridge, John C 50 Bristow, Francis M 52 Brown, John 60 Brown, John Young 60 Brown, William 50 Buckner, Aylett 69 Buckner, Richard A 69 Bullock, Wingfield 60 Burnett, Henry C 62 Butler, William 65 Caldwell, George A 66 Calhoun, John 66 Campbell, John 69 Campbell, John P 69 Casey, Samuel L 72 Chambers, John 75 Chilton, Thomas 79 Chrtanan. James S 79 Christie, Henry 79 Clark, L. Bererly 82 Clark, James 81 Clay, Brutus J 83 Clay, Henry 83 Clay, James B 84 Coleman, Nicholas D 90 Cox, Leander M 90 Crittendcn, John J 99 Daniel, Henry 105 Davis, Amos 107 Davis, Garret 107 Davis, Thomas T 109 Desha, Joseph 114 Dixon, Archibald 117 Duncan, Garnett 122 Dunlap, George W 122 Duval, William P 123 Edwards, John 126 Elliott, John M 128 Ewing, Presley 133 Fletcher, Thomas 140 Fowler, John 144 French, Richard 147 Gaines, John P : 148 Gaither, Nathan 148 Golladay, Jacobs. S 156 Graves, William J 159 Green, Willis 100 Greenup, Christopher 160 Grey, Benjamin E 161 Grider, Henry 161 Grover, A sa P 163 Guthric, James 104 Hardin, Benjamin 172 liardin, Martin D 172 Harding, Aaron 172 Harlan, James 173 Hawes, Albert C 179 Hawes, Itichard 179 Hawkins, Joseph W 179 Henry, John F 183 Henry, Robert P 184 Hill, Clement S 180 Hise, Elijah 188 Hopkins, Samuel 193 Howard, Benjamin 196 Jackson, James S 200 Jewett, Joshua H 209 Johnson, Francis 210 Johnson, James 210 Johnson, James L 211 Johnson, John T 211 Johnson, Richard H 211 Jones, Thomas Laurens 214 Kincaid, John 221 Knott, J. Proctor 225 Lecompte, Joseph 233 Letcher, Robert P 237 Logan, William 241 Love, James 243 Lyon, Cuittenden 240 Lyon, Matthew (see Vermont) 240 Mallory, Kobert 250 Marshall, Alexander K 258 Marshall, Humphrey 259 Marshall, Humphrey 259 Marshall, Thomas A 259 Marshall, Thomas F 260 Martin, John P 260 Mason, John C 262 McCreary, Thomas C 249 McDowell, Joseph 1 250 McHadden, Robert 250 McHenry, John H 251 McKee , "Samuel 252 McKee, Samuel 252 McLean, Alney 253 McLean, Finis E 253 Menifee, Kichard H 265 Menzies, John W .265 Meriwether, David 266 Metcalf, Thomas 266 Montgomery, Thomas 272 Moore, Laban T , 273 Moore, Thomas P 273 Moorehead, Charles S 274 Moorehead. James T 274 Murray, John L 282 New, Anthony 284 Ormsby, Stephen 290 Orr, Alexander D 201 Owsley, Bryan Y 292 Peyton, Samuel 302 Pope, John 309 Pope, Patrick H 309 Powell, Lazarus W 3H Preston, William 312 Quarles, Tunstall 315 Kandall, William H 316 Ritter, Burwell C 324 Kobertson, George 326 Rousseau, Lovell H 330 Rowan, John 331 Rumsey, Edward 331 Sanford, Thomas 334 Sharp, Solomon P 342 Shanklin, George S 341 Simms, William E 347 Smith, Green Clay 350 Smith, John Speed 352 Southgate, William W 356 Speed, Thomas 357 Sprigg, J ai nes C 359 Stanton, Richard H 300 Stevenson, John W 363 Stone.James 360 Stone, James W 360 Swoope, Samuel F 372 Talbott, Albert G 373 Talbot, Isham '. . 373 Taul, Micah 374 Thomasson, William P 379 Thompson, John B 380 Thompson, Philip 380 Thurston, Buckuer 3S1 Thurston John U 382 Tibbatts, John W 382 Tompkins, Christopher 383 Trimble, David 386 Trimble, Lawrence S 386 Triplett, Philip 386 Trumbo, Andrew 387 Underwood, Joseph R 390 Underwood, Warner L 390 Wadsworth, William H 397 Walker, David 398 Walker, George 398 Walton, Matthew 401 Ward, A. H 401 Ward, \VilliamT 403 White, Addison 410 White, David 411 White, John 411 Wicklifle, Charles A ..-.. 413 Williams, Sheirod 417 Woodson, Samuel H 425 Yancy, J oel 428 Yeaman, George H 429 Young, Bryan R 429 Young, John D 429 Young, William S 430 Louisiana. Barrow, Alexander 29 Benjamin, Judah P 35 Bossier, Peter E 45 604 INDEX. Bouligney, Dominique 45 Bouligney, John Edmond 45 Brent, William L 61 Brown, James 55 Bullard, Henry Adams 59 Butler, Thomas 04 Chinn, Thomas W 79 Claiborne, William C. C. (see Tennessee) 80 Clarke, Daniel 61 Conrad, Charles M 92 Davidson, Thomas G 107 Davis, Samuel B 108 Dawspn, John B 110 Destrthan, John Noel ]14 Downs, Solomon W 120 Dunbar, William 121 Eustis, George, Jr. 131 Flanders, Benjamin F 140 Fromentin, Eligius 147 Garland, Kice 150 Gayarre, Charles E. A 151 Gurley.Henry H 104 Hahn, Michael 105 Harmanson, John H 173 Hunt, Theodore G 201 Johnson, Henry 210 Johnston, Josiah S 212 Jones, Roland 211 Kelly, William 218 Labranch, Alcea 226 Landrum, John Al 227 Landry, J. Aristide 227 La Sere, Emile 229 Magruder, Allan B 255 Moore, John 273 Morse, Isaac Edwards 279 Moulon, Alexander 280 Nicholas, K. C 285 Overton, Walter H 292 Penn, Alexander G 299 Perkins, John, Jr 300 Porter, Alexander 309 Posey, Thomas 310 Poydras, Julian 311 Kipley, Eleazar W 324 Robertson Thomas B 326 Sandidge, JolmM 334 Slidell, John 348 Smith, JohnB 352 Soule, Pierre 355 St. Martin, Louis 305 Taylor, Miles 375 Thibodeaux, B. G 378 Thomas, Philemon 379 Waggamann, George A 397 White, Edward D 411 IVIalixe. Abbott, Nehemiah 9 Allen, ElishaH 14 Anderson, Hugh H 16 Anderson, John 10 Andrews, Charles 17 Appleton, John 18 Bailey, Jeremiah 24 Bates, James 31 Belcher, Hiram 34 Benson, Samuel P 30 Blaine, James G 41 Bradbury, J ames W 48 Bronson, David 53 Burleigh, William Gl But 11 ia ii . Samuel 05 Carter, Timothy J 72 Car y, Shepard 72 Chandler, John 75 Cilley, Jonathan 80 Clapp, Asa W. H 80 Clark, Franklin 81 Clifford, Nathan 85 Coburn, Stephen 88 Cushinun, Joshua (see Massachusetts) 102 Dana, Judah 105 Dane, Joseph 105 Davee, Thomas 106 Dunlap, Kobert P 122 Evans, George 131 Fairiield, John 133 Farley. E. Wilder 133 Farwell, Nathan A 134 Fessenden, Samuel C 130 Fessenden, T. A. D ............................ 136 Fessenden, William Pitt ...................... 136 Foster, Stephen C ............................. 144 French, Ezra B ................................ 147 Fuller, Thomas J. D ........................... 147 Gerry, Elbridge ................................ 152 Oilman, Charles J ............................. 154 Goodenow, Robert ............................ 156 Goodenow, Rulus K ........................... 158 Goodwin, John. N. (see Arizona Territory) ____ 157 Hall, Joseph ................................... 107 Hamlin, Hannibal ............................. 109 Hammons, David .............................. 170 Harris, Mark .................................. 175 Herrick, Kbenezer ............................. 185 Herrick, Joshua ............................... 185 Hill, Mark L. (see Massachusetts) ............ 187 Holland, Cornelius ............................ 191 Holmes, John ................................. 192 Jarvis, Leonard ............................... 207 Kavanagh, Edward ............................ 216 Kidder, David ................................. 220 Knowlton, Ebenezer ........................... 225 Littlelield, Nathaniel S ........................ 239 Longi'ellow, Stephen .......................... 242 Lowell, Joshua A .............................. 244 Lynch, John ................................... 245 Marshall, Alfred ............................... 259 Maspn, Moses .................................. 262 Mayall, Samuel ................................ 264 McCrate. John D .............................. 249 McDonald, Moses .............................. 246 Mclntire, Rufus ............................... 251 Moore, Wyman B. S ........................... 272 Morrill, Anson P .............................. 276 Morrill, Lot M ................................. 276 Morse, Freeman H ............................ 278 Nourse, Amos ................................. 288 Noyes, Joseph C ............................... 288 O'Brien, Jeremiah ............................. 289 Otis, John ..................................... 292 Parker, Isaac .................................. 295 Parks, Gorham ................................ 296 Paris, Albion K ............................... 296 Parris, Virgil D ................................ 296 Perham, Sidney ............................... 300 Perry, John J .................................. 300 Peters,JohnA ................................ 301 Pike, Frederick A ............................. 305 Randall, Benjamin ............................ 316 Reed, Isaac .................................... 319 Rice, John H .................................. 322 Ripley, James W .............................. 324 Robinson, Edward ............................ 326 Ruggles, John ................................. 331 Sawtelle, < 'alien ............................... 335 Scammon, John F ............................. 336 Severance, Luther ............................. 340 Shepley, Ether ................................ 344 Smart, Ephraim K ............................. 349 Smith, Albert ................................. 349 Smith, F. O. J ................................. 350 Somes, Daniel E ............................... 355 Sprague, Peleg ................................ 358 Stetson, Charles ............................... 362 Sweat, Lorenzo D. M .......................... 371 Walton, Charles W ........... ............... 400 Washburn, Israel, Jr .......................... 403 White, Benjamin... , .......................... 411 Whitman, Ezekiel (see Massachusetts) ....... 412 Wiley, James S ................................ 414 Williams, Hezekiah ........................... 416 Williams, Reuel ............................... 417 Willamson, William D ......................... 418 Wingate, Joseph F ............................ 421 Wood, John M. ............................... 423 Alexander, Robert ............................ 12 Archer, John .................................. 18 Archer, Stevenson ................ . ............ 18 Archer, Stevenson ....................... . ..... 18 Baer, George .................................. 24 Barney, John .................................. 28 Bayley, Thomas ................. , ............. 32 Bowie, Richard 1 .............................. 46 Bowie, Thomas F .............................. 46 Bowie, Walter ................................. 47 Brengle, Francis .............................. 51 Brown, Elias .................................. 55 Brown, John .................................. 56 INDEX. C05 Calvert, Charles B 67 Campbell, John 08 Carmichael, Richard B 70 Carmichael, William 70 Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton 71 Carroll, Daniel 71 Carroll, James 71 Causin, John M. S 71 Chambers, Ezekiel F 75 Chapman, John (i 76 Chase, Jeremiah T 77 Chase, Samuel 77 Christie, Gabriel 79 Constable, Albert 92 Coutee, Benjamin 92 Cot man, Joseph 8 95 Covington, Leonard 95 Crabb, Jeremiah 96 Craik, William 97 Cresswell, John A. J 97 Crislield, John W 99 Culbreth, Thomas 100 Davis, H. Winter 107 Dennis, John 113 Dennis, Littleton P 113 Dent, George 1 13 Dorse v, Clement 119 Duvall, Gabriel 123 Edwards, Benjamin 125 Evans, Alexander 131 Forbes, James 142 Forrest, Uriah 142 Franklin, John R 145 Gale, George 148 Gale, Levin 148 Giles, William E 153 Goldsborough, Charles W 156 Goldsborough, Robert 156 Hall, John 167 Hamilton, William T 169 Hammond, Edward 170 Hanson, Alexander Contee. 171 Hanson, John 172 Harper, Robert G 174 Harris, Benjamin G 174 Harris, J. Morrison 175 Harrison, William 170 Heath, James P 181 Hemsley, William 182 Henry, John 183 Herbert, John C 184 Hey ward, William, Jr 185 Hicks, Thomas H 186 Hillen Solomon, Jr 187 Hindman, William 188 Hoflman, Henry W 189 Howard, Benjamin C 19)5 Howard, John Eager 196 Hughes, George W 199 Jennifer, Daniel 208 Jennifer, D., of St. Thomas 208 Johnson, lleverdy 211 Johnson, Thomas 212 Johnson, William Cost 212 Jones, Isaac D 213 Kennedy, Anthony 218 Kennedy, John I' 218 Kent, Joseph 219 K err, John Bozman 219 Kerr, John L 220 Key, Philip 220 Key, Philip Barton 220 Kunkel, Jacob M 226 Leary, Cornelius L. L 233 Lee, John 234 Lee, Thomas Sim 235 Ligon, Thomas W 237 Little, Peter 239 Lloyd, Edward 240 Lloyd, James 240 Long, Edward H 242 Magruder, Patrick 256 Martin, Luther 260 Martin, Kobert N 261 Mason, John Thomas 262 Matthews William 263 May, Henry 264 McCreary, William 249 McCullough, Hiram 249 McHenry, James 250 McKim, Alexander 252 McKim, Isaac 252 McLane, Louis ................................ 253 McLane, Kobert M ............................ 253 Mercer, John F ................................ 2ti6 Merrick, William D ............................ 266 Mitchell, George E ............................. 270 Montgomery, John ............................ 272 Moore, Nicholas K ............................. 273 Murray, William Vans ........................ 282 Neale, Kaphael ................................ 283 Nelson, J ohn .................................. 283 Nelson, Roger ................................. 283 Nicholson, Joseph Hopper .................... 286 Paca, William ................................. 292 Pearce, James A ............................... 293 Perry, Thomas ................................ 301 Peter, George ......................... . ....... 301 Fhelps, Charles E ............... , .............. 302 Pinckney, William ................... . ........ 306 Plater, George ................................. 307 Plater, Thomas ......................... . ...... 307 Potts, Richard ................................. 311 Pratt, Thomas G ............................... 312 Preston, Jacob A .............................. 312 Kamsay, Nathaniel ............................ 316 Randall, Alexander ........................... 310 Reed, Philip ................................... 320 Ricaud, James B ........................ , ...... 321 Ridgely, Richard .............................. 324 Ringgold, Samuel ............................. 324 Rogers, John .................................. 328 Roman, James D .............................. 329 Ross, David ................................... 329 Rumscy, Benjamin ........................... 331 Scott, Gustavus ................................ 337 Semmes, Benedict J ........................... 339 Seney. Joshua ........... ...................... 339 Sewe'll, James ................................. 341 Sheredine, Upton ............................. 344 Shower, Jacob ................................ 345 Smith, William ................................ 354 Sellers, Augustus R ........................... 355 Spence, John S ................................ 357 Spcnce, Thomas A ............................. 357 Spencer, Richard .............................. 358 Sprigg, Michael C ............................. 359 Sprigg, Richard ............................... 359 Sprigg, Thomas ................................ 359 Steele, John N ................................. 361 Sterrett, Samuel ............................... 362 Stewart, David ................................ 364 Stewart, James A ...... . ....................... 364 Stoddard.JohnT ............................... 366 Stone, Frederick ............................... 366 Stone, Michael ................................. 366 Stone, Thomas ................................. 367 Strudwick, William E .......................... 369 Stuart, Philip .................................. 370 Thomas, Francis ............................... 378 Thomas, John C ............................... 379 Thomas, John L., Jr ........................... 379 Thomas, Philip Francis ........................ 379 Tilghman, Matthew ........................... 382 Turner, James ................................. 388 Van Home, Archibald ......................... 393 Vansant, Joshua ............................... 394 Vickers, George ............................... 395 Walsh, Thomas Y. ............................ 400 Warfield, Henry R ............................. 402 Washington, George C ......................... 404 Webster, Edwin H. ............................ 407 Weems, John C ................................ 407 Wethered, John ............................... 409 Williams, James W ............................ 410 Wilson, E. K ................................... 418 Worthington, John T. H ....................... 420 Worthington, Thomas C ....................... 420 Wright, ttobert ................................ 427 Wright, Turbett ............................... 427 Abbott,Amos ................................. 9 Adams, Benjamin ............................. 9 Adams, Charles F ............................. Adams, John .................................. 10 Adams, John Quincy ......................... 10 Adams, Samuel ................................ 11 Allen, Charles ................................. 12 Allen, Joseph .................................. 13 Allen, Samuel C ............................... 14 Alley, John B .................................. 14 Alvord, James C ............................... 15 606 INDEX. Ames, Fisher 15 Ames, Oakes 15 Appleton, Nathan 18 Appleton, William 18 Ash inuu, Kii Porter 21 Aslimuu, George 21 Bacon, Uzekiel 23 Bacon, John 23 Bailey, Goldsmith F 24 Bailey, John 24 Baker, Osmyn 25 Baldwin, John D 25 Banks, Nathaniel P 26 Barker, Joseph 27 Barstow, Gideon, 29 Bartlett, Bailey 9 Bates, Isaac C 31 Baylies, Francis 32 Baylies, William 32 Baylies, William 32 Bidwell, Barnabas 38 Bigelo w, A bijah 38 Bigelow, Lewis 38 Bishop, Phanuel 40 Borden, Nathaniel B 44 Bourne, Shearjasub 48 Boutwell, George S 40 Bradbury , George 48 Bradbury Theophilus 48 Briggs, George N 52 Brigham, Elijah 52 Brown, Benjamin 55 Bruce, Phineas 57 Butlinton, James 69 Bullock, Stephen * 60 Burlingamc, Anson 61 Burnell, Barker 61 Butler, Benjamin Franklin 64 Cabot, George 05 Calhoun, William B 67 Carr, Francis 71 CHIT, James 71 Chaffee, Calvin C 74 Choate, Rufus 79 Cobb, David 87 Coffin, Peleg 89 Coming, Linus B 91 Conner, Samuel 8 92 Cook, Orchard 93 Crocker, Samuel L 100 Crowninshield, Benjamin W 100 Crowninshield, Jacob 100 Cushing, Caleb 102 Gushing, Thomas 102 Cushman, Joshua (see Maine) 102 Cutler, Manasseh 103 Cutts, Richard 103 Dalton, Tristam 104 Damrell, William S 104 Dana, Francis 105 Dana, Samuel 105 Dane, Nathan 105 Davis, George T 107 Davis, John 108 Davis, Samuel 109 Davis, Timothy 109 Dawes, Henry L 109 Deane, Josiah Ill Dearborn, Henry Ill Dearborn, Henry A. S Ill Delano, Charles 112 Dewy, Daniel 114 DeWitt, Alexander 114 Dexter, Samuel 114 Dickinson, Edward 115 Dowse, Edward 120 Duncan, James II 122 Dvvight, Henry W 123 Dwight, Thomas 123 Edmonds, J. Wiley 125 Eliot, Samuel A 127 Eliot, Thomas D 128 Ely.William 130 Eustis, William 131 Everett, Edward 132 Fay, Francis B 134 Fletcher. Kichard 140 Folger, Walter 141 Foster, Dwight 143 Freeman, Nathaniel 140 Fuller, Timothy 148 Gage, Joshua 148 Gannett, Barzillai 149 Gardner, Gideon 150 Gerry, Elbrkige 152 Gooch, Daniel W 158 Goodrich, John Z 157 Goodhue, Benjamin 156 Gore, Christopher 153 Gorham, Benjamin 158 Gorham, Nathaniel 158 Green, I. L 160 Grennell, George 161 Grinnell, Joseph X02 Grout, Jonathan 163 Hale, Artemas 166 Hall, Robert B 167 Hancock, John 171 Hastings, Seth 178 Hastings, Wm. Soden 178 H igginson, Stephen 186 Hill, Mark L. (see Maine) 187 Hoar, Samuel 188 H obart, Aaron 189 Hodges, James L 189 Holten, Samuel 192 Hooper, Samuel 192 Hubbard, Levi 198 Hudson, Charles 199 Hulbert, John W 200 Hsley, Daniel 203 Jack'son, Jonathan 206 Jackson, William 207 Kendall , Jonas 218 Kendall, Joseph G 218 King, Cyrus -. 221 King, Daniel Putnam 221 Kinsley, Martin 224 Knapp, Chauncey L 225 Lamed, Simeon 229 Lathrop, Samuel 229 Lawrence, Abbott 230 Lee, Silas 235 Leonard, George 236 Lincoln, Enoch 238 Lincoln, Levi 238 Lincoln, Levi 238 Little, Edward P 239 Livermore, Edward S 239 Lloyd, James 240 Locke, John 241 Lovell, James 243 Lowell, John 243 Lyman, Samuel 245 Lyman, William 245 Mann, Horace 257 Mason, Jonathan 262 Mattoon, Ebenezer 263 Mellen, Prentiss 265 Mills, Elijah H 269 Mitchell, N ahum . . 271 Morton, Marcus , 279 Nelson , J eremiah .... 283 Orr, Benjamin 291 Osgood, Gayton P 291 Osgood, Samuel 291 Otis, Harrison Gray 291 Otis, Samuel A 292 Paine, Robert Treat 294 Palfrey, John G 294 Parker, James 295 Parmenter, William 296 Partridge, George 290 Phillips, Stephen Clarendon 303 Pickering, Timothy 304 Pickman, I icnjamiii 305 Quincy, Josiah 315 Rantoul, Robert 317 Read, Nathan 319 Reed, John 319 Reed, John 319 Reed. William 320 Rice, Alexander H 321 Rice, Thomas 322 Richardson, Joseph 323 Richardson, William M 323 Rockwell, Julius 327 Ruggles, Nathaniel 331 Russell, Jonathan 332 Sabine, Lorenzo 333 Saltonstall, Leverett 334 Sampson, Zabdiel 33 Scudder, Zeno 338 Seaver, Ebeuezer 338 INDEX. Sedgwick, Theodore ........................... 339 Sewcll, Samuel ................................ 340 Shaw, Henry .................................. 34-2 Shcpliterd, William ............................ 343 Sibley, J onas .................................. 345 Silsbt;e, Nathaniel ............................ 34(5 Skinner, Thompson J., Jr ..................... 348 Smith, J osiah ................................. 352 Steams, Asahel ............................... 300 Stedman, William ............................. 301 Story, J oseph ................................. 307 Strong, Caleb ................................. 308 Strong, Solomon .............................. 309 Sullivan, James ............................... 370 Sumner, Charles .............................. 371 T ajrgart, Samuel .............................. 372 Tallman, 1'eleg ................................ 373 Thai-hoc, George .............................. 377 Thacher, Samuel .............................. 377 Thayer. Eli .................................... 377 Thomas, Benjamin F ......................... 378 Thompson, Jicnjamin ......................... 379 Trafton, Mark ................................. 383 Train, Charles It ............................... 385 Turner, Charles ............................... 388 Twiu-lu-ll, Ginery ............................. 389 Upham, Charles W ............................ 390 IJpham, Jabez ................................. 390 Varnum, John ................................ 394 Varnum, Joseph Bradley ...................... 395 Wadsworth, Peleg ............................ 397 "Walker, Amasa ............................... 398 \Valley, Samuel H ............................. 400 Ward, Artemas ................................ 401 Ward, Artemas ............................... 401 Washburn. William B ......................... 403 Webster, Daniel (see New Hampshire) ........ 400 AVentworth, Tappau ........................... 409 \Vheaton, Laban .............................. 409 White, Leonard ............................... 412 Whitman, Ezekiel (see Maine) ................ 412 Widgery, William ............................. 413 Williams, lienry ............................... 415 Williams, Lemuel ............................. 410 Wilson, Henry ................................. 419 Wilson, John .................................. 420 Winthrop, Robert C ........................... 422 Wood, Abiel ................................... 423 Baldwin, Augustus C .......................... 25 Beaman, Fernando C .......................... 33 Biddle, John ................................... 38 Bingham, Kinsley S ............................ 39 Blair, Austin .................................. 41 Bradlev, Edward .............................. 49 Buel, Alexander W ............................ 59 Cass, Lewis .................................... 7-J Chandler, Zaoharlaii .......................... 76 Chipman, John S .......................... - 79 Clark, Samuel (see New York) ................. 81 Conger, James L ............................... 91 Cooper, George B .............................. 93 Crary, Isaac E ................................. 97 Drig'gs, John F ................................ 120 Kelcii, Alpheus ................................ 135 Perry, Thomas W ............................. 130 Fitzgerald, Thomas ............................ 139 Granger, Bradley F ............................ 159 Howard, Jacob il .............................. 193 H oward , William A ............................ 197 Hunt, James B ................................ 201 .Tones, George W. (see Iowa) .................. 213 Kellogg, Francis W ............................ 217 Leach", De Witt C .............................. 232 Lougyear, John W ............................. 242 Lyou Lucini ................................... 243 McClelland, Robert ............................ 248 Moselev, Jonathan Ogden ..................... 279 Noble, 'David A ................................ 2S7 Norvell, John .................................. 288 1'eck, George W ............................... 298 1'eiiniman, Ebenczer J ......................... 299 Phc-!ps, William W ............................ 303 1'orter, Augustus 8 ............................. 309 Kichanl, Gabriel ............................... 32 Sibley, Solomon ............................... 340 Sprague, William .............................. 358 Stevens', Hector L ............ ................. 302 Stuart, Charles E .............................. 370 Stuart, Duvid .................................. 3JO Trowbridge, Rowland E ....................... 386 Upsom, Charles ................................ 390 AValbridge, David S ............................ 397 Waldron, Henry ............................... 398 Wing, Austin E ........ ....................... 421 AVooilbridge, William .......................... 424 Minnesota. Aldrich, CJTUS ......................... ........ 11 Cavanaugh, James II .......................... 74 Donnelly, Ignatius ............................. 119 Kingsbury, William AY ......................... 223 Norton, Daniel S ............................... 287 Ramsey, Alexander ............................ 310 Rice, Henry M ................................. 322 Sibley, Henrv H ................................ 345 Wilkinson, Morton S ........................... 413 Windom, William ............................. 421 Mississippi. Adams, Robert H .............................. 11 Adams, Stephen ............................... 11 Barksdalo, William ............................ 27 Barry, William S ............................... 2 J Bennett, H. S .................................. 05 Black, John .................................... 40 Brooke, Walter ................................ 53 Brown, A Ibert G ................... ............ 54 Cage, Harry ................................... 0(5 Chalmers, Joseph W ....................... .... 74 Claiborne, John F. H ........................ 80 Davis, Jefferson ............................... 108 Davis, Reuben ................................. 108 Dickson, David ................................ 1 1(5 Ellis, 1'owhatan ............................... 128 Featherston, W. S ............................. 135 Foote, Henry S ................................ 141 P'reeman, John D .............................. 143 Gholson, S. J ....................... ... ........ 152 Greene, Thomas M ............................. 100 Gwin, William M. (see California) ............. 105 Haile, William ................................ 106 llammet, William J ........................... 109 Harris, W. L ................................... 176 Harris, Wiley P ................................ 176 Henderson, John .............................. 182 Hinds. Thomas ................................ 188 Holmes, David (see Virginia) .................. 191 Hunter, Naisworthy ........................... 201 Lake, William A .............................. 227 Lamar.L.Q.C ............................... 227 Lattimore, William ............................ 229 Lea ke , Wai t er ................................. 233 Mcltae, John J ................................ 255 McWillie, William ............................. 255 Nabers, Benjamin 1) .......................... 283 Plummer, Franklin E ......................... 307 Poindexter, George ........................... 307 Prentiss, Sergeant S ........................... 31 Quit man, John A .............................. 315 Rankin, Christopher ........................... 317 Road, Thomas B ............................... 319 Roberts, Robert W ............................ 32(5 Singleton, Otlio It ............................. 347 Speight, Jesse ................................ 357 Thompson, Jacob .............................. 379 Tompkins, Patrick W .......................... 384 Trotter, F.James ............................. 386 Tucker, Tilghman 31 ........................... 388 Walker, Robert J .............................. 399 Wilcox, John A ............................... 414 Williams, Thomas Hill ........................ 417 Williams, Thomas H ........................... 417 Word, Thomas J ............................. 425 Wright, Daniel B .............................. 426 Akers, Thomas Peter .......................... 11 Anderson, George W .......................... 15 Anderson, Thomas L .......................... J7 A shley, William H ............................ 21 Atchison, David R ............................. 22 Barrett, J. Richard ........................... 28 Barton, David ................................. 30 Bates, Edward ................................. 30 Bay, William V. N ............................. 31 Benjamin, John F ............................. 35 Benion, Thomas Hart ......................... 30 Blair, F. P., Jr ................................ 41 608 INDEX. Blow, Henry T ................................. 43 Bower, Gustavus B ........................... 46 Bowlin, James B .............................. 47 Boyd, Sempronius H ........................... 47 Brown, B. Grata ............................... 55 Buckner, Alexander ........................... 59 Bull, John ..................................... 59 Caruthers, Samuel ............................. 72 Clark, John B ................................. fcl Craig, James .................................. 97 Darby, John Fletcher .......................... 105 Drake, Charles C ............................ .... 120 Easton, Rufus ................................. 124 Edwards, John C ............................. . 120 Geyer, Henry 8 ................................ 152 Gravely, Joseph J ..................... , ....... 159 Green, James S ................................ 100 Hall, Willard P ................................ 1C8 Hall, William A .............................. 108 Harrison, Albert G ............................. ] 7(5 Hempstead, Edward ........................... 182 Henderson, John B ............................ 182 Hogan, John .................................. 100 Hughes, James M .............................. 200 Jameson, John ................................ 207 \Tohnson, Waldo P ............................. 212 Kelso, John H ................................ 218 Kennett, Luther M ............................ 219 King, Austin A ................................ 221 Knox, Samuel ............... . ................. 22(5 Lamb, Alfred W ............................... 227 Lindley, James J .............................. 238 Linn, Lewis F ................................. 239 Loan, Benjamin F. ... ......................... 240 McClurg, J oscph W ............................ 248 McCormick, James It .......................... 249 Miller, John ................. ................. 208 Miller, John G ................................. 208 JN ewcomb, C. A ................................ 284 Noell,John W ................................. 287 Noell, Thomas E ............................... 287 Norton, Elijah H ............................... 288 Oliver, Mordecai ............................... 290 Pettis, Spencer ................................ 301 Phelps, John S ................................ 302 Pile, William A ................................ 300 Polk, Trnsten .................................. 308 Porter, Gilchrist ............................... 310 Price, Sterling ................................. 313 Price, Thomas L ............................... 313 Reid, John W .................................. 320 Ilelfe, James H ................................. 321 Rollins, James Sidney ......................... 329 Scott, John .................................... 337 Scott, John G .................................. 338 Sims, Leonard H .............................. 347 Van Horn, Robert T ........................... 393 Wilson, Robert ................................ 420 Woodson, Samuel II ........................... 425 Marquette, T. M ............................... 258 Thayer, John M ............................... 377 Tipton, Thomas W ............................. i,83 Nevada. Ashley, Delos R ............................... 21 Cradlebaugh, John ............................ 90 Mott, Gordon M ............................... 279 Nye.James W ................................. 288 Stewart, William M .................. ........ 364 Worthington, H. G ............................ 320 IVew irampsliire. Atherton, Charles G ........................... 22 Atherton, Charles H ........................... 22 Barker, David ................................. 27 Bartlett, Ichabod ....................... ...... 29 Bartlett, Josiah ............................... 29 Bartlett, Josiah ............................... 30 Bean, Benning M .............................. 33 Bell, James .................................... 34 Bell, Samuel ................................... 35 Benton, Jacob ................................. 36 Betton, Silas ................................... 37 Bhiisdell, Daniel ............................... 42 Blancliard, Jonathan .......................... 42 Brodhead, John C .............................. 53 Brown, Titus .................................. 56 Buffum, Joseph, Jr 59 Burke, Edmund 01 Burns, Robert '. 62 Butler, Josiah 04 Carlton, Peter "0 Chamberlain, John C 74 Chandler, Thomas 70 Cilley, Bradbury 80 Cilley, Joseph 80 Claggett, Clifton SO Clark, Daniel 81 Cragin, Aaron H 97 Cushman, Samuel 102 Cutts, Charles 103 Dinsmoor, Samuel 110 Durell, Daniel M 122 Eastman, Ira A 124 Eastman, Nehemiah 124 Edwards, Thomas M 120 Ela, Jacob H 127 Ellis, Caleb 128 Farrington, James 134 Fogg, George G 141 Folsom, Nathaniel 141 Foster, Abiel 143 Freeman, Jonathan 140 Frost, George 147 Gardner, Francis 150 Gilman, Nicholas 154 Gilman, John Taylor 154 Gordon, William" 157 Hale, John P 166 Hale, Salma 106 Hale, William 153 Hall, Obed 107 Hammonds, Joseph 170 Harper, John A 174 Harper, Joseph M 174 Harvey, Jonathan 177 Hnrvey, Matthew 177 Haven, Nathaniel A 178 Healy, Joseph 181 Hibbard, Harry 185 Hill, 1 saac 186 Hough, David 195 Hubbard, Henry 198 Hunt, Samuel 201 Jenness, Benning W 209 Johnson, James H 210 Kittredge, George W 224 Langdou, John 228 Langdon, Woodbury 228 Livermore, Arthur 239 Livermore, Samuel 239 Long, Pierce. 242 Marcy, Daniel 257 Marston, Gilman 200 Mason, Jeremiah 201 Matson , Aaron 203 Morril, David L 275 Morrison, George W 278 Moulton, Mace 280 Norris, Moses 287 Olcott, Simeon 2M) Page, John 293 Parker, Nahum 295 Parrott. John F 296 Patterson, James W 297 Peabody, Nathaniel .'. 298 Peaslee, Charles H 298 Perkins, Jared 300 1'ierce, Franklin 305 Pierce, Joseph 305 Pike, James 305 Plumer, William 307 Plurner, William 307 Reding, John It 31i> Rollins, Edward H 328 Shaw, Tristam 343 Sheafe, James 343 Sherburne, John S 344 Simmons, George A 346 Smith, .ledediuh K 351 Smith, Jeremiah 351 Smith, Siimuel 353 Sprague, Peleg 358 Stevens, Aaron F 362 Storer, Clement 307 Sullivan, George 370 Sullivan, John 370 Tappan, Mason W 3/4 Tenuey , Samuel 377 INDEX. 609 Thompson, Thomas W 380 Thornton, Matthew 381 Tuck, Amos 387 Upham, George 1$ 390 Upham, N athaniel 390 Vose, Koger 390 Webster, Daniel 406 Weeks, John W 407 Weeks, Joseph 407 Wells, JohnS 408 Wontworth, John, Jr. 408 Whipple, Thomas , 410 Whipple, William 410 White, Phillips 412 Wilccx, Jeduthun 414 Wilcox, Leonard 414 Williams, Jared W 416 Wilson, James 420 Wilson, James 420 Wingate, Paine 421 Woodbury, Levi 424 Jersey. Adrain, Garnett B 11 Aycrigg, John B 23 Baker, Ezra 25 Bateman, Ephraim 30 Beatty, John 33 Bennett, Benjamin 35 Bines, Thomas 39 Bishop, James 40 Bloomfield, Joseph 43 Boyd, Adam 47 Brown, George H 65 Burnett, W 62 Cassedy, George 73 Cattell, Alexander G 74 Chetwood, William 78 Clark, Abraham 80 Clawson, Isaiah D 9-3 Cobb, George T 87 Condict, John 91 Condict, Lewis v 91 Condict, Silas 91 Condict, Silas 91 Cooper, John 94 Cooper, Richard M 94 Cooper, W. K 94 Cox, James 96 Coxe, William 96 Crane, Stephen 97 Darby, Ezra 105 Davenport, Franklin 106 Dayton, Elias 110 Dayton, Jonathan 110 Dayton, William L 110 Dick, Samuel 115 Dickerson, Mahlon 115 Dickerson, Philemon 115 Dickerson, Philemon 115 Edsall, Joseph E 125 Elmer, Ebenezer 129 Elmer, Jonathan 129 Elmer, Lucius Q. C 129 Farlee, Isaac G 133 Fell, John 135 Field, Richard S ; 137 Fowler, Samuel 144 Frelinghuysen, Frederick 146 Frelinghuysen, Frederick T 146 Frelinghuvsen, Theodore 146 Garrison, Daniel 150 Gregory, Dudleys 161 Haight, Charles 105 Halsey, George A 168 Halsted, William 168 Hampton, James G 170 Hart, John 177 Hay, Andrew K 179 Helms, William 182 Henderson, Thomas 183 Hill, John 187 Holcomb, George IS Hopkinson, Francis 193 Hornblower, Josiah 194 Houston, WilliamC 196 Hufty, Jacob 199 Hughes, Thomas H 200 Huyler, John 203 Imlay, James H 203 Kille, Joseph 221 King, James 222 Kinsey, Charles 223 Kinsey, James 224 Kirkpatrick, Littleton 224 Kitchell, Aaron 224 Lambert, John 227 Lee, Thomas 235 Ljlly , Samuel 237 Linn, James 238 Linn, John 238 Livingston, William.. 240 Matlack, James 203 Maxwell, George C 263 Maxwell, J. P.B 203 Mcllvaine, Joseph 251 Mjddleton, George 267 Miller, Jacob W 268 5Ioore, William 273 Morgan, James 275 Mott, James 280 Neilson, John 283 Ne wbold, Thomas 284 Newell, William A 285 Nixon, JohnI 2.^7 Ogden, Aaron 2S9 Parker, James 295 Paterson, William 296 Pennington, Alexander C. M 299 Pennlngtou, William 299 Perry, Nebemiah 300 Pierson, Isaac 305 Price, Rodman H 313 Randolph, James F. 317 Randolph, Joseph Fitz 317 Riggs, Jetur R 324 Robbins, George R 325 Rogers, Andrew J 328 Runk, John 331 Rutherford, John 333 Ryall.D.B 333 Schenck, Ferdinand S 336 Schureman, James 337 Scudder, John A 338 Scudder, Nathaniel 338 Sergeant, Jonathan D 340 Shinn, William N 345 Sinnickson, Thomas 347 Sinnickson, Thomas 347 Sitgreaves, Charles 347 Skelton, Charles 348 Sloan, James 349 Smith, Bernard 350 Smith, Isaac 351 Smith, Richard 353 Southard, Henry 356 Southard, Isaac 356 Southard, Samuel L 356 Starr, John F 360 Steele, William G 361 Stewart, Archibald 364 Stockton, John P 305 Stockton, Richard 3C5 Stockton, Richard 365 Stockton, Robert Field 365 Stratton, Charles C 368 Stratton, John L. N 368 Stratton, Nathan T 308 Swan, Samuel 371 Sykes, George 372 Svmmes, John C 372 Ten Eyck, John. C 376 Thompson, Hedge 379 Thompson, Mark 380 Thomson, John R 381 Tucker, Ebenezer. 387 Vail, George 391 Van Dyke, John 392 Vroom, Peter D 396 Wall, Garret D 399 Wall, James W 399 Ward, Thomas 402 Wildrick, Isaac 414 Wilson, James J 420 Wi therspoon, John 422 Wortendyke.J.R 426 Wright, Edwin R. V 428 Wright, Samuel G 427 Wright, William 427 Yorke, Thomas J 429 610 INDEX. New Yorls. Adams, John.. v 10 Adams, Parmenio 11 Adgute, Asa 11 Alexander, Henry P 12 Allen, Judson, 13 Allen. Nathaniel 13 Alsop, John 15 Anderson, Joseph H 16 Andrews, George 11 17 Andrews, John T 17 Andrews, Samuel G 17 Angel, William G 17 Armstrong, John. 19 A mold, Benedict 20 Ashley, Henry 21 A very, Daniel 22 Babcock, Alfred 23 Babcock, Leander 23 Babcock, William 23 Badger, Luther 23 Bailey, Alexander H 24 Bailey, Theodoras 24 Baker, Caleb 24 Baker, Stephen 25 Barnard, D. D 28 Barnes, Demas 28 Barr, Thomas J 28 Barstow, Gamaliel II 29 Barton, Samuel 30 Beale, Charles L 32 Beardsley , Samuel 33 Beekman, Thomas 34 Beers, Cyrus 34 Belden, George O 34 Bennett, Henry 35 Benson, Egbert 35 Beaton, Charles S 36 Bergen, John T 30 Bergen, Teunis G 36 Belts, Samuel R 37 Bicknell, Bennett 37 Bird, John 40 Bird sail, Ausburn 40 Birdsall, James 40 Birdsall, Samuel 40 Birdsey e, Victory 40 Blackmar, Esbon 41 Blair, Barnard 41 Blake, John, Jr 42 Bleecker, Hermanns 42 Bloom, Isaac 43 Bockee, Abraham 43 Bodle, Charles 44 Boerum, Simon 44 Bokee, David A 44 Boody, Azariah 44 Borland, Charles, Jr 44 Borst, Peter 1 45 Bouck, J oscph 45 Bovee, Matthias J 46 Bowers, J ohn M * 46 Bowne, Obadiah 47 Bowne, Samuel S 47 Boyd, Alexander 47 Boyd, JohnH 47 Brewster, David P 51 Briggs, George , 51 Broadhead, John C 52 Bronson, Isaac H 53 Brooks, David 53 Brooks, James 53 Brooks, Micau 54 Brown, A nson 55 Brown, John W 56 Bruyn, Andrew D. W < 57 Buel, Alexander H 59 Bunner, Iludolph CO Burr, Aaron 62 Burroughs, Silas M 63 Burrows, Lorenzo 63 Butterh'eld, Martin 65 Cftdy , Daniel 66 Cady, John W 66 Cambreleug, Churchill C 68 Campbell, Samuel 69 Campbell, William W 69 Cantme, John... 70 Carey, Jeremiah E 70 Carpenter, Davis 70 Carpenter, LeviD , 71 Carroll, Charles II 71 Carter, Luther C 71 Case, Walter 72 Chamberlain, Jacob P 74 Chanler, John Winthrop 76 Chapin, Graham H 76 Chase, George W 77 Chase, Samuel 78 Childs, Thomas, Jr 78 Childs, Timothy 78 Chittenden, T. C 79 Churchill, John Charles 79 Clark, Ambrose W 80 Clark, Horace F 81 Clark, Lot 81 Clark, Robert 81 Clark, Samuel (see Michigan) 81 Clarke, Archibald S 82 Clarke, Bayard 82 Clarke, Charles E 82 Clarke, Freeman 82 Clarke, John C 82 Clarke, Staley N 83 Clinton, DeWitt 86 Clinton, George 86 Clinton, George, Jr 86 Clinton, James G - 86 Cochran, James 88 Cochrane, Clark B 88 Cochrane, John 88 Colden, Cadwallader D 89 Collier, John A 90 Collin.John F 90 Collins, Ela 90 Collins, William 90 Comstock, Oliver C 91 Conger, Harmon S 91 Conkling, Alfred 92 Conkling, Frederick A 92 Conkling, Roscoe 92 Cook, Thomas B 93 Cooke.Bate 93 Cooper, William 94 Cornell, Thomas 94 Corning, Erastus 94 Cowles, Hency B 96 Craig, Hector 97 Cramer, J ohn 97 Crocheron, Henry 99 Crocheron, J acoo 99 Cruger, Daniel 100 Culver, Erastus D 101 Gumming, Thomas W 101 Curtis, Edward 101 Cushman, John Paine 102 Cutting, Francis B 103 Dana, Amasa 104 Darling, William A 106 Davis.Rlchard D 108 Davis, Thomas T 109 Day, Rowland 110 Dayan, Charles Ill Dean, Gilbert Ill DcGraff, John I.... 112 Deitz, William 112 Delapaine, Isaac C 112 De Mott, John 113 Denning, William 113 Denoyelles, Peter 1 13 Dewitt, Charles 114 De Witt, Charles G 114 De Witt, Jacob H 114 Dickinson, Daniel S 115 Dickinson, John D 116 Dickson, John 116 Dickson, Samuel 116 Diven, Alexander S 116 Dix, John A H? Dodd, Edward 118 Dodge, William E 118 Doe, Nicholas B 119 Doig, Andrew W 119 Doulbleday, Ulysses F 119 Dowse, William 120 Drake, John R 120 Duane, James 121 Dudley, Charles E 121 Duell, R. Holland 121 Duer, William 121 Duer, William 121 Dwinnell, Justin 12 Eager, Samuel W 123 INDEX. Gil Earll, Jonas, Jr 124 Earll, Nehemiah H 124 Eaton, Lewis 124 Edward, John 125 Edwards, Francis S 126 Effner, Valentine 127 Egbert, Joseph 127 Ellicott, Benjamin...; 128 Ellis, Cheselden 128 Ellsworth, (Samuel S 128 Elmeiulorfc Lucas 129 Ely,Alfred 129 Ely , J o h n 130 Emott, James .-.130 Evans, David E.. 131 Farlin, Dudley 134 Fay, John 134 Fenton, Reuben E 135 Ferris, Charles G 135 Ferriss, Orange 135 Fields, William C 137 Fillmore, Millard 137 Finch, Isaac 137 Fine, John 138 Fish, Hamilton 138 Fisher, Ger-rga 138 Fi?k, Jonathan.... 139 Fiteh, Asa 139 Flugler, Thomas IV 140 Floyd, Charles A. . ,,,..,,...., 140 Floyd, JohnG 140 Floyd, William 140 Foote, Charles A.. 141 Ford, William D 142 Fosdick, Nicoll 143 Foster A . Lawrence 143 Foster, Henry A 143 Fox, John .., 144 Franchot, "Richard 145 Frank, Augustus 145 Frost, Joel 147 Fuller, Philo C .147 Fuller, William K 148 Gallup, Albert 149 Gansevoort, Leonard , 149 Ganson, John 149 Gardenier, Barent 149 Garnsey, Daniel G 150 Garrow, Nathaniel 150 Gates, Seth Merrill 151 Gebhard, John 151 Geddes, James 151 German, Obadiah 152 Gilbert, Ezekiel 153 Gilbert, William A 153 Gillet, Ransom H 153 Glenn, Henry 155 Gold, Thomas R 155 Goodwin, Henry C 157 Goodyear, Charles 157 Gordon, James 157 Gordon, Hamuel 157 Gott, Daniel 158 Gould, Herman D 158 Graham, James H 158 Granger, A mos P '. . 159 Granger, Francis 159 Grant, Abraham P 159 Gray, Hiram 159 Greeley, Horace ' 159 Green, Byram 160 Greip, John 161 Grinnell, Moses H 102 Griswold, Gaylord 162 Griswold, John A 163 Gross, Ezra C 163 Grosvenor, Thomas P 163 Grovcr, Martin .". . 164 Guyon, James, Jr 165 Hackley, Aaron, Jr 105 II aight, Edward 1G5 Hale, Robert S 166 Hall, George 167 Hall, Nathan K 167 Hallock, John, Jr 108 Halloway, Ransom - 168 Halsey, Jehiel H 108 Halsey, Nicoll 108 Halsey, Silas 108 Hamilton. Alexander 188 Hammond, Jabez D 170 Hand, Augustus C 171 Hard, Gideon 173 Haring, John 173 Harris, Ira 175 Harris, John 175 Hart, EmanuelB 177 Hart, Ros well t. . 177 Hasbrouck, Abraham 177 Hasbrouck, Abraham B 177 Hasbrouck, Josiah 177 Hascall, Augustus P 177 Haskin, John B 178 Hastings, George 178 Hatch, Israel T 178 Hathaway, Samuel G 178 Hathorn, John 178 Havens, Jonathan N 179 Haven, Solomon G 179 Hawkins, Joseph 179 Hawkes, James 179 Haws, J. H. Hobart 179 Hayden, Moses 180 Hazeltine, Abner 180 Herki nier, John 184 Herrick, A nson 184 Herrick, Richard P 185 Hoard, Charles B " 189 Hobart, John Sloss 189 Hobbie, Selah R 189 Hoffman, Michael 189 Hoffman, Ogden 190 Hogan, William 190 Hogeboom, James L - 100 Holley, JohnM 191 Holmes, Elias B 191 Holmes, Sydney T 192 Hopkins, Samuel M 193 Horton, Thomas R 194 Hosford, Jededifth 194 Hosmer, Hezekiah L 194 Hotchkiss, Giles W 194 Houck, Jacob, Jr '. 195 Hough, William J 195 Howe, Thomas Y., Jr 197 Howell, Edward 197 Howell, Nathaniel J97 Hubbard, Demas, Jr 198 Hubbard, Thomas H 199 Hubbel, Edwin N 199 Hubbell, William S 199 Hughes, Charles 199 Hughston, Jonas A 200 Hugunin, Daniel 200 Hulburd, Calvin T 200 I lumphrey , Charles 200 Humphrey, James 200 Humphrey, James M 200 Humphrey, Reuben 200 Hungerford, Orville 201 HuntjHiramP 201 Hunt, Washington 201 Hunter,John W 201 Huntington, Abel 202 Irvine, William 205 Irving, William 205 Ives,Willard 205 Jackson, David S 206 Jackson, Thomas B 207 Jackson, W. T 207 Jay, John 207 J enkins, Lemuel 209 Jenkins, Timothy 209 Jewett, Freeborn G 209 Johnson, Jero'mus 211 Johnson, Noadiah 211 Johnston, Charles 212 Jones, Daniel T 213 Jones, Morgan 214 Jones, Nathaniel 214 Kalbfleisch, Martin 215 Keese, Richard . 213 Kellogg, Charles 217 Kellogg, Orlando 217 Kelly, John 218 Kelsey, William H 218 Kemble, Gouverneur 218 Kempshall, Thomas 218 Kent, Moss 219 Kenyon, William S 219 Kernan, Francis 219 Kerrigan, James K 220 Ketcham John H 220 King, Adam 221 612 INDEX. King, John 222 King, John A 222 Kink, Perkins 222 King, Preston 222 King, Rufus 222 King, Rufus H 223 Kirkland, Joseph 224 Ktrkpatrick, William 224 Kirtlancl, Dorranco 224 Knickerbocker, Herman 225 Lafflin, Addison H 226 Lansing, Gerritt Y 228 Lansing, John ."229 Lansing, William E 229 Lawrence, Cornelius Van Wyck 231 Lawrence, John 231 Lawrence, John W 231 Lawrence, Samuel 231 Lawrence, Sidney 231 Lawrence, William T 232 Lawyer, Thomas 232 Lay, George W 232 Lee, Gideon 234 Lee, Henry B 234 Lee, Joshua 234 Lee, M. Lindley 234 Lefferts, John 235 Lent, J ames 236 Leonard, Moses G 230 Leonard, Stephen B 236 Lewis, Abner 237 Lewis, Francis 237 L'Hommedieu, Ezra 237 Lincoln, William S 238 Linn, Archibald L 238 Litchfield, Elisha 239 Littlejohn, De Witt C 239 Livingston, Edward 240 Livingston, Henry Walter 240 Livingston, Philip 240 Livingston, Robert Le Roy 240 Livingston, Robert R 240 Livingston, Walter 240 Loomis, Arphaxad 242 Lord, Frederick W 242 Love, Thomas C 243 Lovett, John 243 Low, Isaac 243 Lyman, Joseph S 245 Lyon, Caleb of Lyonsdale 245 Maclay William B 247 Magee, John 255 Mallory, Meredith 256 Mann, Abijah Jr 256 Marcy, William Lamed 257 Markell, Henry 258 Markell, Jacob 258 Martin, Frederick S 2GO Martindale, Henry C 2C1 Marvin, Dudley 261 Marvin, James M 261 Marvin, Richard P 261 Mason, William 262 Masters, Josiah 262 Mathews, Vincent 262 Matteson, Orasmus B 263 Maurice, James 2C3 Maxwell, Thomas 264 Mayiuird, John 264 McCarthy, Dennis 248 McCarty, Andrew Z 248 McCarty, Richard 248 McClellan, Robert 248 McCord, Andrew 249 McDougall, Alexander 250 Trie's can, James Badell 51 McKeon, John 252 McKissock, Thomas 253 McManus, William 254 McV can, Charles 255 Meigs, Henry 265 Metcalf, Arunah 266 Miller, John 268 Miller, Killian 269 Miller, Morris S 269 Miller, Rutger B 269 Miller, Samuel F 269 Miller, William S 269 Mitchell, Charles F 270 Mitchell, Henry 270 Mitchell, Samuel Latham 271 Moffit, llosea 271 Monell, Robert 271 Montanya, J. D. L 272 Moore, Ely 272 Morgan, Christopher 274 Morgan, Ed win B 274 Morgan, Edwin D 274 Morgan, John, J 275 Morris, Daniel 276 Morris, Gouverneur 276 Morris, Lewis 277 Morris, Thomas 278 Morrissey, John 278 Morse, O. A 278 Moseley, William A 279 Mullin, Joseph 281 Mumford, Gurdon S 281 Munroe, James 282 Murphy, Henry C 282 Murray, A mbrose S 282 Murray, William 282 Nelson, Homer A 283 Nelson, William 284 Nicholson, John 286 Nicoll, Henry 286 Niven, Archibald C 286 Noble, William H 287 North, William 287 Norton, Ebenezer F 288 Oakley, Thomas Jackson 289 Odell, Moses F 289 Ogden, David A ; 289 Olin, Abraham B 290 Oliver, Andrew 290 Oliver, William M 290 Page, Sherman.. 293 Paine, Ephraim 293 Palen, Rufus : 294 Palmer, Beriah 294 Palmer, George W 294 Palmer, John 294 Parker, Amasa J 294 Parker, John M 295 Partridge, Samuel 296 Patterson, John 297 Patterson, Thomas J 297 Patterson, Walter 297 Patterson, William 297 Paulding, William. Jr 297 Peck, Jared V 298 Peck, Luther C 298 Peckham, Rufus W 298 Peek, Hermanns 298 Pelton, Guy R 298 Pendleton, Edmund H 299 Perkins, Bishop 300 Petrie, George 301 Phelps, Oliver 302 Phoenix, J. Philips 303 Pierson, Jeremiah H 305 Pierson Job 305 Pitcher, Nathaniel 307 Platt, Jonas 307 Platt, Zephaniah 307 Pomeroy, Theodore M 309 Pond, Benjamin 309 Porter, James 310 Porter, Peter B 310 Porter, Timothy H 310 Post, Jotham, Jr 310 Pottle, Emory B 311 Powers, Gershom 311 Pratt, Zadock 312 Prentiss, John H 312 Pringle, Benjamin 313 Pruyn, John V. L 314 Purdy, Smith M 314 Putnam, Harvey 314 Radford, William 315 Rathbun, George 318 Raymond, Henry J 318 Reed, Edward C 319 Reynolds, Gideon 321 Reynolds, John H 321 Reynolds, Joseph 321 Richards, John 322 Richmond, Jonathan 323 Riggs, Lewis 324 Riker, Samuel 324 Ripley, Thomas C 324 Risley, Elijah 324 Robbie, Reuben 325 Kobertson, William H 326 INDEX. 613 Robinson, Orville 327 Robinson, WilliamE 327 Rochester, William B 327 Rogers, Charles 328 Rogers, Edward 328 Roosevelt, James 1 32!) Root, Erastus 329 Rose, Robert L 329 Rose, Huberts 329 Ross, Henry H 330 Rowe, iMer 331 Ruggles, Charles H 331 Runisey, David, Jr 331 Russell, David 332 Russell, Jeremiah 332 Russell, John 332 Russell, Joseph 332 Russell, William F 332 Sackett, William A 333 Sage, Ebenezer 333 Sage, Russell 333 Sailly, Peter 334 Summons, Thomas 334 Sandford, John 334 Sandford, Jonah 334 Sands, Joshua 334 Sandford, Nathan 334 Savage, John 335 Schenck, Abraham H 336 Scliermernorn, Abraham M 336 Schoolcraft, John L 337 Schoonmakcr, Cornelius C 337 Schoonmaker, Marius 337 Schunemun, Martin G 337 Schuyler, Philip 337 Schuyler, Philip J 337 Scott, John Morin 338 Scudder, Treadwell 338 Seaman, Henry J 338 Searing, John A 338 Sedgwick, C. B 339 Seltlen, Dudley 339 Selye, Lewis 339 Seward, William H 341 Seymour, David L 341 Seymour, William 341 Sharpe, Peter 342 Sherman, J.W 344 Sherman, Socrates N 344 Sherrill, Eliakim 344 Sherwood, Samuel 345 Shiplierd, Zebulon R 345 Slbley, Mark H 346 Sickles, Daniel E 346 Sickles, Nicholas 346 Silvester, Peter 346 Silvester, Peter H 346 Slingerland, John 1 349 Smith, Albert 350 Smith, Edward Henry 350 Smith, Gerritt 350 Smith, John 351 Smith, Melancthon 352 Smith, Williams 354 Snow, William W 355 Soule, Nathan 355 Spaulding, Elbridge G 357 Spencer, Ambrose 357 Spencer, Elijah 357 Spencer, James B 357 Spencer, John C 357 Spinner, Francis E 358 Starkweather, George A 360 Stebbins, Henry G 361 Steele, John B 361 Stephens, Abraham P 361 Sterling, Micah 362 Stetson, Lemuel 362 Stewart, Thomas E 364 St. John, Daniel B 305 Storrs, Henry R 367 Stow, Silas 367 Stower,John G 367 Stranahan, J. S. T 367 Street, Randalls 368 Strong, James, 368 Strong, Selah B 368 Strong, Stephen 369 Strong, Theron R 369 Sutherland, Josiah 37 Swart, Peter 371 Taber, Thomas 372 Tabor, Stephen '., 372 Talbot, Silas 373 Talhnadge, Frederick A 373 Tallmadge, James, Jr 373 Talhnadge, NathanielP 373 Taylor, Asher 374 Taylor, George, 374 Taylor, J ohn J :j~5 Taylor, John W 375 Taylor, Nelson 375 Taylor, William 37(5 Teller, Isaac 37fl Ten Eyck, Egbert 376 Thomas, David 378 Thompson, Joel 380 Thompson, John 380 Thompson, John 380 Throop, Enos T 381 Thurman, John R 382 Tibbetts, George 382 Titus, Obadiah 383 Tomlinson, Thomas A...- 383 Tompkins, Caleb 383 Tompkins, Daniel D 383 Townsend, Dwight 38-t Townsend, George 384 Townsend, James 384 Tracy, Albert H 384 Tracy, Phineas L 385 Tracy, Uri 385 Tredwell, Thomas 385 Turrell, Joel y 388 Tuthill, Selah 388 Tweed, William M 389 Tyson, Jacob 389 Underbill, Walter 389 Vail, Henry 391 Valk, William W 391 Van Aernam, Henry 391 Van Allen, James Q 391 Van Allen, John E 391 Van Buren, John 391 Van Buren, Martin 391 Van Cortlandt, Philip 392 Van Cortlandt, Pierre, Jr 3!>2 Vanderpool, Aaron 392 Vander\ eer, Abraham 392 Van Gaasbeck, Peter 393 Van Horn, Burt 393 Van Houton, Isaac B 393 Van Ness, John P 393 Van Rcnsselaer, Henry 393 Van Rensselaer, Jeremiah 393 Van Rensselaer, Solomon 393 Van Rensselaer, Stephen 393 Van Rensselaer, Killian K 393 Van Valkenburgh, Robert B 394 Van Wyok, Charles H 394 Van Wyck, William W : 394 Verplanck, Daniel C 395 Verplanck, Gulian C 395 Vibbard, Chauucey 395 Wagner, Peter J 397 Wakeman, Abraham 397 Walbridge, Henry S 397 Walbridge, Hiram 307 Walden, Hiram 397 Walker, Benjamin 398 Walker, William A 399 Wall, William 399 Walsh, Mike 400 Walworth, Reuben Hyde 401 Ward, Aaron 401 Ward, Elijah 401 Ward, Hamilton o 402 Ward, Jonathan 402 Wardwell, Daniel 402 Warren, Cornelius 403 Watson, James 405 Watts, John 405 Wells, Alfred 408 Wells, John 408 Wendover, Peter H 408 Westbrook, Theodoric R 409 Westerlo, Rensselaer 409 Whallon, Reuben 409 Wheaton, H orace 409 Wheeler, Grattan H 410 Wheeler, John 410 Wheeler, William A 410 White, Bartow W 411 White, CampbellP 411 614 INDEX. White, Hugh 411 White, Joseph L 411 Whitney, Thomas li 412 Whittemore, Elias 413 Whittlesey, Frederick 41.3 Wickes, Eliphalet 413 Wilder, A. Carter 414 Wilkin, James W 414 Wilkin, Samuel J 414 Williams, Isaac, Jr 416 Williams, John 416 Williams, John 416 Williams, Nathan 416 Willoughby, Westel, Jr 418 Wilson, Isaac 419 Wilson, Nathan 420 Winfield, Charles H 421 Winter, Elisha J 422 Wisner, Henry 422 Wood, Benjamin 423 Wood, Bradford K .- 423 Wood, Fernando 423 Wood, John J 423 Wood, Silas 424 Woodcock, David 424 Woodruff, Thomas M 425 Woods, William 426 Wood worth, William W 425 "VVright, Silas 427 Yiites, Abraham, Jr 428 Yates, John B 428 Yates, Peter W 429 Young, John 429 IVortli Carolina. Alexander, Evan 12 Alexander, Nathaniel 12 Alston, Willis 15 Alston, Willis, Jr 15 Arrington, H. Archibald 20 Ashe, John Baptiste 20 Ashe, William S 21 Badger, George E 23 Barringer, Daniel L , 29 Uarringer, Daniel Moreau 29 Bethune, Laughlin '37 Biggs, Asa 38 Blackledge, William 41 Blackledge, William S 41 Bloodworth, Timothy 43 Blount, Thomas 43 Boyden, Nathaniel 47 Bragg, Thomas '. * 49 Branch, John 49 Branch, Lawrence O'Brien 49 Drown, Bedford 55 Bryan.JohnH 67 Bryan, Joseph H 57 Bryan, Nathan 57 Bryde, Archibald M 58 Burgess, Dempsey 60 Burke, Thomas 61 Burton, Ilutchins G 63 Burton, Kobert 63 Bynam, Jesse A 65 Caldwell, Greene W 66 Carson. Samuel P 71 Caswell, Richard 73 Clark, James W 81 Clark, HenryS 81 Clingman, Thomas L 86 Connor, Henry W 92 Craige, Burton 97 Crudup, Josiah 100 Culpepper, John 101 Cumming, William... 101 Daniel, John R. J 105 Davidson, William 107 Dawson, William J 110 Deberry, Edmund 1 12 Dickens, Samuel 1 15 Dixon, Joseph Henry 117 Dobbin, James C 118 Dockery, A. 118 Donnefl, Richard S 119 Dudley, Edward B 121 Edwards, Weldon N 127 Fisher, Charles 138 Forney, Daniel M 142 Forney, Peter 142 Franklin, J esse , 145 Franklin, Meshack 145 Gartlin, Alfred 159 Gorton, William..... 151 Giles, John 153 Gillespie, James 153 Gilmer, John A 154 Graham, James 158 Graham, William A 158 Grove, William B 16S'~ Hall, Thomas H 167 Harnett, Cornelius 174 Hawkins, Benjamin 179 Hawkins, M. T 179 Hey wood, William H., Jr 180 Henderson, Archibald 182 Hewes, Joseph 1>~5 Hill, John 187 Hill, Wliitmill 187 Hill, William H 187 Hines, Richard 188 Holland, J ames 191 Holmes, Gabriel 191 Hooks, Charles 192 Hooper, William 193 Iredell, James 204 Johnston, Charles 212 Johnston, Samuel 213 Jones, Allen 213 Jones, Willie 215 Kenan , Thomas 218 Kennedy, William 219 Kerr.John 219 Leach, James M 233 Locke, Francis 241 Locke, Matthew 241 Long, John 242 Love, William C 243 Macon, Nathaniel 247 Mangum, Willie P 256 Martin, Alexander 260 McDowell, Joseph 250 McFarlan, Duncan 250 McKay, James J 251 McNeil, Archibald 254 Mebane, Alexander 264 Mitchell, Anderson 270 Montgomery, William 272 Morehead, I. T 274 Mumford, George 281 Murfree, William H 282 Nash, Abner 283 Outlaw, David 292 Outlaw, George C 292 Owen, James 292 Paine, Robert T 294 Pearson, J oseph 298 Penn, John 299 Pettigrew, Ebenezer 301 Pickens, Israel (see Alabama) 304 Potter, Robert 311 Purviance, Samuel D 314 Puryear, Richard C 314 Rayner, Kenneth 318 Reade, Edwin G 319 Reid, David S 320 Rencher, Abraham 321 Rogers, Sion H 328 Ruffin, Thomas 331 Saunrters, Romulus M 335 Sawyer, Lemuel 335 Sawyer, S. T 336 Scales, Alfred M., Jr 336 Settle, Thomas 340 Sevier, John (see Tennessee) 340 Shadwick, William 341 Sharpe, William 342 Shepard, Charles B 343 Shepard, William B 343 Shepperd, Augustus H 344 Sitgreaves, John J 348 Slocum, Jesse . 349 Smith, James F 351 Smith, William N. H 354 Spaight, Richard D 356 Spaight, Richard D 356 Stanford, Richard 359 Stanley, Kdward 359 Stanley, John 359 ,..-. 361 St Joh Stewart, James 364 Stokes, Montford 306 Stone, David 366 INDEX. 615 Strange, Robert 367 Swan, John 371 Tate, Magnus 374 Tatum, Absalom 374 Turner, Daniel 388 Turner, .lames 388 Vance. Robert B 31)2 Vanoe. Zebulon B 392 Tenable, Abraham W 395 Walker, Felix 398 Washington, William H 405 White, Alexander 7 410 Williams, Benjamin 415 Williams, J ohn 416 Williams, Lewis 416 Williams, Marmaduke 41(5 Williams, Robert 417 Williamson, Hugh ' 418 Wjuslow, Warren , 421 Winston, Joseph 421 Wyuns, Thomas 428 Yancey, Bartlett 428 Oliio. Albright, Charles J 11 Alexander, James, Jr 12 Alexander, John 12 Allen, John W 13 Allen, William 14 Allen, William 14 Andrews, Sherlock J 17 Ashley, .lames M 21 Ball, Edward 26 Barber, Levi 27 Barrere, Nelson 28 Bartley , Mordecai 30 Beall.Rezin ^ 32 Beatty, John 33 Beecher, Philemon 34 Bell, Hiram 34 Bell, James M 34 Bell, John 34 Bingham, John A 39 Blake, Harrison G 42 Bliss, George 43 Bliss, Philemon 43 Bond, William Key 44 Brinkerholf, H enry R 52 Brinkerhott', J acob 52 Brown, Ethan A 55 Brush, Henry 57 Buckland, Ralph P 58 Bundy, Hezekiah S 60 Burnett, Jacob 61 Burns, Joseph 62 Busby, George H 63 Cable, Joseph 65 Cald well, James '. 66 Campbell, Alexander 68 Campbell, John W 69 Campbell, Lewis D 69 Canby, Richard S 70 Carey, John 70 Cartter, David K " Cary, Samuel F . 72 Chambers, David 74 Cbaney , J ohn 7(5 Chase, Salmon P 77 Clarke, Reader Wright 82 Clendenen, David 85 Cockerill, Joseph R 89 Coffin, Charles G 89 Cooke, Eleutheros 93 Corwin, Moses B * Corwin, Thomas 95 Cowen, BenjaminS 9 Cox, Samuel S 96 Crane, Joseph H 97 Creighton, William 99 Crowell, John 100 Cummins, John D 101 Cunningham, Francis A 101 Cutler, William P 103 Davenport, John 107 Day, Timothy C 110 Dean, Ezra 11 Delano, Columbus 11 Dickinson, Kudolphus 116 Disney, David T 116 Doaue, William 118 Duncan, Alexander 121 Duncan, Daniel 121 Eckley, EphraimK..' 124 Edgerton, Alfred P 125 Edgerton, Sidney 125 Edwards, Thomas O l-'7 Eggleston, Benjamin 127 Elliston, A ndrew 128 Emrie, J. Reece '. . . 130 Evans, Nathan 132 Ewing, Thomas 133 Faran, James J 133 Fearing, Paul 134 Finck, William E 138 Findlay, James 138 Fisher, David 138 Florence, Elias 140 Fries, George : 147 Galloway, Samuel 149 Garh'eld, James A 150 Gaylord, James M 151 Gazley, James W 151 Giddings, Joshua R 152 Goode, Patrick G 156 Goodenovv, John M.., 156 Green, Frederick W 160 Griswold, Stanley 163 Groesbeck, William S 163 Gurley, John A 164 Hall, Lawrence W 1(57 Hamer, Thomas L 108 Hamilton, Cornelius S 169 Hamlin, Edward S 169 Harlan, Aaron 173 Harper, Alexander 174 Harrison, John S 176 Harrison, Richard A , 176 Harrison, William Henry 17(5 Hastings, John 178 Hayes, Rutherford B 180 Helmick. William 181 Herrick, Samuel 185 Hitchcock, Peter 188 Hoagland, Moses 188 Horton, Valentine B 194 Howard, William 197 Howell, Elias 197 Hubbell, James R 199 Hunter, William F. 202 Hunter, William H 203 Hutohins, John 203 Hutchins, Wells A 203 Iririn, William W 204 Jennings, David 209 Johnson, Harvey H 210 Johnson, John 211 Johnson, 1'erley B 211 Johnson, VVilliam 212 Jones, Benjamin 213 Kenuon, William 219 Kerr, Joseph 220 Kilbourn, J ames 221 Kilgore, Daniel 221 226 Lah Lawrence, VVilliam 231 Lawrence, William 232 Leadbetter, D.T *33 Leavitt, Humphrey H 233 Le Blond, Francis C 233 Leiter, Benjamin F 235 Lindsley, William D 231 Long, Alexandria 242 Lytle, Robert T 240 Martin, Charles D 2(50 M ason, Samson 262 Mathews, James 262 Mathiot, Joshua 263 McArthur, Duncan 247 McC'auslen, William C 248 Ale Kinney, John F 253 McLean, John 254 McLean, William 254 McLene, Jeremiah 254 Medill, William 264 Meigs, Return J 265 Miller.John K 2(i'J Miller, J oseph 2(i. S 81 Clark, William 82 Clarkson, Matthew 83 Clay, J osepli 84 Clingan, William 86 Clymer, George 87 ColFroth, Alexander H 89 Conrad, Frederick 92 Conrad, John 92 Cooper, James 93 Cooper, Thomas B 94 Coulter, Richard 95 Covode, J ohn 95 Cowan, Edgar 95 Crawford, Thomas H 98 Crawford, William 98 Crouch, Edward 100 Culver, Charles Vernon 101 Curtis, Carltou B 101 Dallas, George Mifflin 104 Danner, W. B 105 Darlington, Edward 106 Darlington, Isaac 106 Darlington, William 106 Darragh, Cornelius 108 Davies, Edward 107 Davis, John 108 Davis, Roger 109 Davis, William M 109 Dawson, John L 110 Denison, Charles 113 Denuison, George 113 Denny, Harmer 1 13 Dewart, Lewis , 114 Dewart, William L 114 Dick, John 114 Dickey, Jesse C 115 Dickey, John 115 Dickinson, John (see Delaware) 115 Dimmick, Milo M 116 Dimmick, William H 116 Dimock, Davis, Jr 116 Drum, Augustus 121 Eckert, George N 124 Edie, John li 125 Edwards, John 126 Edwards, Samuel 126 Ege, George 127 Ellis, William C 128 Erdman, Jacob 130 Evans, J oshua 131 Everhart, William 132 E wing, John H 133 Farrelly, John W 133 Farrelly, Patrick 133 Findlay, John 138 Findlay, William 138 Findley, William 138 Finney, Darwin A 138 Fitzsimons, Thomas 139 Florence, Thomas B 140 Ford, J ames 142 Fornance, Joseph 142 Forrest, Thomas 142 Forward, Chauncey ~M2 Forward, Walter 143 Foster,Henry D 143 Franklin, Benjamin 145 Freedley, .John 145 Frey, Joseph 147 Frick, Henry 147 Fry, Jacob, Jr 147 Fuller, George 147 Fuller, Henry M 147 Fullerton, David 148 Galbraith, John 148 Gallatin, Albert 149 Galloway, Joseph 149 Gamble, James 149 Gardner, J oseph 150 Garvin, William S 151 Gerry, James 152 Getz, J. Lawrence 152 Gillie, James L 154 Gilmore, Alfred 155 Gilmore, John 155 Glasgow, Hugh 155 Glomnger, J ohn 155 Glossbrenner, Adam J 155 Green, Innis , 160 Gregg, Andrew ,... 1C1 Griffin, Isaac 162 Gross, Samuel 163 Grow, Galnsha A 164 Gustine, Amos 164 Hahn, John 165 Hale, James T 166 Hall, Chapin 166 Hamilton, John 169 Hammond, Robert H 170 Hampton, Moses 170 Hand, Edward 171 Hanna, John A 171 Harper, Francis J 174 Harper, James 174 Harris, Robert 175 Harrison, S. S 176 Hartley, Thomas 177 Hays, Samuel L 180 Heister, Daniel 181 Heister, Daniel 181 Heister, John 181 Heister, Joseph 181 Heister, William 181 Hemphill, Joseph 182 Henderson, Joseph 182 Henderson, Samuel 183 Henry, Thomas 184 Henry, William 184 Hibshman, Jacob 185 Hickman, John 185 Hiester, Isaac Ellmaker 18ft Hill, Thomas 187 Hoge, John 190 Hoge, William 190 Hookj Enos 192 Hopkinson, Joseph 194 Horn, Henry 194 Hornbeck, JohnW 194 Hostetter, Jacob 194 Howe, John W 197 .Howe, Thomas M 197 Hubley, Edward B..... 199 Humphreys, Charles 200 Humphreys, Jacob 200 Hyneman, John M 203 Jhrie, Peter 203 Ingersoll, Charles J 203 Ingersoll , Jared 204 Ingersoll, Joseph R 204 Ingham, Samuel D 204 Irvin, Alexander 204 Irvin, James 204 Irvine, William 204 Irwin, Jared 205 Irwin, Thomas 205 Irwin, William W 205 Jack, William 205 Jackson, David 206 Jacobs, Israel ; 207 James, Francis 207 Jenkins, Robert 209 Jenks, Michael H 209 Johnson, Philip 211 Jones, J. Glancy 213 Jones, Owen 214 Jones, William 215 Junkin Benjamin T 215 Keim, George May 216 Keim, William H 216 Kelly, William D 217 Kelly, James 217 Kerr, John 219 Killinger, John W 221 King, Henry 222 Kittera, John W 224 Kittera, Thomas 224 Klingensmith, John, Jr 224 Knight, Jonathan 225 Koontz, William H 226 Krebs,Jacob 226 Kremer, George 226 Kuhns, Joseph H 226 Kunkel, JohnC 226 Kurtz, William H 226 Lacock, Abner 226 Landy, James 227 Laporte, John .' 229 Lawrence, George V... 231 Lawrence, Joseph 231 618 INDEX. Lazear, Jesse 232 Leet, Isaac 235 Lefevre, Joseph 235 Lehman, William E 235 Leib, Michael 236 Leib, OwenD 236 Leidy , Pau 1 2:}6 Leiper, George G 236 Levin, Lewis C 237 Lbgan, George 241 Logan, Henry 241 Longnecker, Henry C 242 Lower, Christian 244 Lowrie, Walter 244 Lucas, John B. C 244 Lyle, Aaron 245 Maclanuhan, James X 247 Maclay, Samuel 247 Maclay, William 247 Maclay, William 247 Maclay, William P 247 Mann, Job 257 Mann, Joel K 257 Marchand, Albert G 257 Marchand, David 257 Markley, Philip S 258 Marks, William 258 Marr, Alem 258 Matlack, Timothy f 263 McAllister, Archibald 247 McClean, Moses 248 McClenachan, Blair 248 McClene, James 248 McCoy, Robert 249 McCreedy, William 249 McCulloch, George 249 McCulloch, John 249 McCulloch, Thomas G 249 Mcllvaine, Abraham R 251 MeKean, Samuel 252 McKennan, Thomas M. T '.. 252 McKenty, Jacob K - 252 McKnig'ht, Robert , 253 McNair, John 254 McPherson, Edward 254 McSherry, James 255 Mercur, Ulysses 266 Meredith, Samuel 266 Middleswarth, Ner 267 Mifflin, Thomas 267 Miller, Daniel H 268 Miller, George F 208 Miller, Jesse 268 Miller, William H 269 Millvvard, John 270 Mill ward, William 270 Milnor, James 270 Milnor, William 270 Miner, Charles 270 Mitciiell, James S 270 Mitchell, John 270 Montgomery, Daniel, Jr 272 Montgomery, John G 272 - '272 Montgomery, Joseph. Montgomery, William 272 Monlgomery, William 272 Moore, Henry D 272 Moore, Robert '. 273 Moore, Samuel 273 Moorehead, James Kennedy 273 Morrell, Daniel J 275 Morris, Charles 276 Morris, Edward Joy 276 Morris, Mathias. 277 Morris, Robert 277 Morris, Samuel W 277 Morrison, John A 278 Morton, John 279 Muhlenberg, Frederick Augustus 280 Muhlenbcrg, Henry Augustus 280 Muhlenberg, Henry Augustus 281 Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel 281 Murray, John 282 Murray, Thomas 282 Myers, Amos 282 Myers, Leonard 283 Naylor, Charles 283 Nes, Henry 284 Newhard, Peter 285 Ogle, Alexander 289 Ogle, Andrew J 289 Ogle, Charles 289 O'Neill, Charles ............................... 290 Orr, Robert .................................... 291 Packer, A sa ................................... 293 Parker, Andrew ............................... 295 Patterson, Thomas ........................... 297 Patton, John .................................. 297 Pawling, L 297 Paynter, Lemuel .............................. yjs Pearce, John J ................................ 298 Peters, Richard .............................. . . 300 Pettit, Charles ................................. 301 Petriken, David ............................... 301 Phillips, Henry M ............................. 303 Phillips, John ....... . ......................... 303 Philson, Robert ................................ 303 Piper, William ................... , ............ 306 Pitman, Charles W ............................. 307 Plumer, Arnold. ............................... 307 Plumer, George ............................... 307 Pollock, James ................................ 308 Porter, John .................................. 310 Potter, William W ........... : ................. 311 Potts, David, Jr ........................ . ...... 311 Pugh , Job n .................................... 314 Purviance, Samuel A .......................... 314 Ramsay, Robert ............................... 316 Ramsey, William .............................. 316 Ramsey, William S ............................ 316 Randall, Samuel J ............................. 316 Rea, John ........................ r ............ 318 Read, Almon H ................................ 318 Read, J ........................................ 319 Reed, Charles M ............................... 319 Reed, Joseph .................................. 320 Reed, Robert R ................................ 320 Reilly, Wilson ................................. 320 Reily", Luther .................................. 320 Rhodes, Samuel ............................... 321 Richards, Jacob ............................... 322 Richards, John ..... ........................... 322 Itichards, Matthias ............................ 3','2 Ritchie. David ................................ 324 Hitter, John ................................... 324 Robbins, John, Jr ............................. 325 Robcrdeau, Daniel ............................ 325 Roberts, Anthony E ................... . ....... 325 Roberts, Jonathan ............................. 326 Robison, David F .............. ................ 327 Rodman, William ............................. 327 Rogers, Thomas J ............................. 328 Ross, George .................................. 330 Ross, James .................................. 330 Ross, John .................................... 330 Ross, Thomas ................................. 330 Ross, Thomas R. ... ........................... 330 Rush, Benjamin ................... . ........... 332 Russell, James M .............................. 332 Russell, L. Samuel ............................ 332 Say, Benjamin . . . .............................. 336 Sch warts, John ................................ 337 Scofield, Glenni W ................ ' ............. 337 Scott, John .................................... 338 Scott, Thomas. ... ............................ ^ 333 Scranton, George W ........................... 338 Searle, James .................................. 338 340 341 343 345 346 347 348 348 349 350 351 351 352 352 353 353 353 353 355 357 360 362 362 362 363 363 304 Sergeant, John. Seybert, Adam . Shefl'er, Daniel Shippen, William Sill, Thomas H Simonton, William.. Sitgreaves, Samuel. . . Slaymaker, Amos. . . , Smilie, John. Smith, George Smith, Isaac Smith, James Smith, JohnT Smith, Jonathan B. Smith, Samuel Smith, Samuel A... Smith, Thomas Smith, Thomas.... Snyder, John. Spangler, Jacob St. flair,. . Arthur. , Stephens, Philander. Stephenson, James S. Sterigere, John B Stevens, Thaddeus... Stewart, Andrew.... Stewart, John INDEX. 619 Stewart, William v Stiles, John D Straub, Christian 31 Strohm, .John , Strong, William , Strouse, 31 yer Sturgeon, Daniel , Sutherland, Joel B Swannick, John Tanuehill, Adamson Tarr, Christian Taylor, Caleb N vTaylor, George Thayer, M. Russell Thomas, Richard Thompson, James Thomson, Alexander Todd, John Todd, Lemuel Toland, George W Tracy, H. W Trout, Michael C Tyson, Job It Udree, Daniel Van Auken, Dennis M Van Home, Espy Van Home, Isaac Verree, John P Wagener, D. D Wallace, James 51 Wallace, John W 1 Wain, Robert Watmough, John G Wayne, Isaac Westbrook, John White, Allison Whitehill, James Whitehill, John Whitehill, Robert Whiteside, John Wilkins, William '. Williams, Thomas Willing, Thomas Wilmot, David Wilson, Henry Wilson, James Wilson, J ames Wilson, Stephen F Wilson, Thomas Wilson, William Witte, William H Wolf, George Wood, John Woods, J ohn Woodward, George W Worman, Ludwig Wright, Hendrick B Wurtz, John Wynkoop, Henry Yost, Jacob S 11 1 10 tie Island. , 364 , 364 , 308 , 368 , 3fi9 , 309 , 376 371 , 371 374 , 374 374 374 378 379 ' 380 381 383 383 383 384 386 389 390 391 393 393 395 397 400 400 400 405 405 409 411 412 412 412 412 414 417 418 418 419 419 419 420 420 421 422 423 423 425 425 425 426 428 428 429 Allen, Philip 13 Anthony, Henry B 17 Arnold, J onathan 20 Arnold, Lemuel H 20 Arnold, Peleg 20 Arnold, Samuel G 20 Baker, Caleb 24 Boss, John L 45 Bourne, Benjamin 46 Bradford, William 48 Brayton, William D 50 Brown, John 56 Browne, George H 56 Burgess, Tristam 60 Burrill, James 63 Chatnplin, Christopher G 75 Clarke, John H 82 Collins, John 90 Cornell, Ezekiel 94 Cranston, Henry Y 97 Cranston, Robert B 97 Davis, Thomas 109 De Wolfe, James 114 Dixon, Nathan F. Dixon, Nathan F. Durfee, Job Durfee, Nathaniel B.. Eddy, Samuel Ellery, Christopher... 117 117 122 123 124 128 Ellery, William 128 Fenner, James 135 Foster, Theodore 144 Francis, John B 145 Greene, Albert C 160 Greene, Ray 160 Hazard, Jonathan 180 Hazard, Nathaniel 180 Hopkins, Stephen 193 Howell, David 197 Howell, Jeremiah B 197 Rowland, Benjamin 197 Hunter, William 202 Jackson, Richard, Jr 206 James, Charles T 207 Jenckes, Thomas A 208 King, George G 222 Knight, Nehemiah 225 Knight, Nehemiah R 225 Malbone, Francis 256 Manning, James 257 Marchant, Henry 257 Mason, James B 261 Mathewson, Elisha ' 263 Miller,Nathan 269 Mowry, Daniel, Jr 280 Pearce, Dutee J 298 Potter, Elisha R 310 Potter, Elisha, R., Jr 310 Potter, Samuel J 311 Robbins>, Asher 325 Robinson, Christopher 326 Shaw, Henry M 342 Sheffield, William P 343 Simmons, James F 346 Sprague, William 358 Sprague, William 358 Stanton , Joseph 360 Thurston, Benjamin B 382 Tillinghast, Joseph L .' 382 Tillinghast, Thomas 382 Varnum, James M 394 Ward, Samuel 402 Wilbur, Isaac 414 SoTitli Carolina. Aiken, William 11 Alston, Lemuel J / 15 Ashmore, John D 21 Barnwell, Robert 28 Barnwell, R. W 28 Bee, Thomas 34 Bellinger, Joseph 35 Benton, Samuel 36 Bercsford, Richard 36 Black, James A 40 I l:iir, James 41 Bonham, Milledge L 44 Boyce, William W 47 Brevard, James 51 Brooks, Preston S 54 Bull, John. (9 Burke, Edanus 60 Burt, Armstead 63 Butler, Andrew Pickens 63 Butler, Pierce 64 Butler, Samson H C4 Butler, William 64 Butler, William 65 Caldwell, Patrick C 66 Calhoun, John C 66 Calhoun, John E C7 Calhoun, Joseph 67 Campbell, John 69 Campbell, RobertB. 69 Campbell, Thomas F 69 Carter, John 7 Casey, Levi 72 Chappell, John J 77 Chestnut, James, Jr 78 Cheves, Langdon 78 Clowney, W. K 87 Colcock, William F 89 Davis, Warren R 109 De Saussure, William F 114 Drayton, William 120 Dravton, William Henry 120 Earie, Elias 123 Earle, John B 123 Earle, Samuel 12 Elmore, Franklin Harper 129 620 INDEX. Ervin, James 130 Evans, David R 131 Evans, Josiah, Jr 131 Eveleigh, Nicholas 132 Farrow, Samuel 134 i Felder, John M 135 Gadsden, Christopher 148 Gaillard, John 148 Gervais, John L 152 Gillon, Alexander 154 Gist, Joseph 155 Gourdin, Theodore 158 Govan, A. R 158 Grayson, William J 159 Griffin, John K 102 Hammond, James H 170 Hampton, Wade 171 Harper, William 174 Hayne, Arthur P 180 Hayne, Robert Y 180 Heyward, Thomas 185 Holmes, Isaac E 192 Huger, Benjamin 199 Huger, Daniel 199 Huger, Daniel Elliot 199 Hunter, John 201 Hutson, Richard , 203 Izard, Ralph 205 Kean, John 218 Keitt, Lawrence M 217 Kershaw, John ". 220 Kinloch, Francis 223 Laurens, Henry . . . ! 230 Legare, Hugh Swinton 235 Lowndes, Thomas 244 Lowndes, William 244 Lynch, Thomas 245 Lynch, Thomas, Jr 245 Manning, Richard I...* 257 Marion, Robert 258 Martin, William D 261 Matthews, John 263 Mayrant, William 264 McCreary, John 249 McDuffie, George 250 McQueen, John 254 McReady, James 255 Middleton, Arthur 267 Middleton, Henry 267 Middleton, Henry 267 Mjles, W. Porcher 267 Miller, Stephen D....' 269 Mitchell, Thomas R 271 Moore, Thomas 273 Motte, Isaac.. 280 Nesbitt, Wilson 284 Nott, Abraham 288 Nuckolls, William C ' 288 Orr, James L 291 Overstreet, James 292 Parker, John 295 Pickens, Andrew 304 Pickens, Francis W 304 Pinckney , Charles 306 Pinckney, H.L 308 Pinckney, Thomas 306 Poinsett, Joel R 308 Preston, William C 313 Ramsay, David 315 Read, Jacob , 319 Rhett, Robert Barnwell 321 Richardson, John P 323 Richardson, John S 323 Rogers, James 328 Rutledge, Edward 333 Rutledge, John 333 Simkins, Eldred 346 Simpson, Richard F 347 Sims, Alexander D 347 Singleton, Thomas D 347 Smith, William 354 Smith, William 354 Sumter, Thomas 371 Sumter, Thomas D 371 Taylor, John 375 Thompson, Waddy 381 Trapier, Paul 385 Tucker, Starling 387 Tucker, Thomas T 388 Wallace, Daniel 400 Williams, David R 415 Wilson, John 420 Witherspoon, Robert 422 Woodward, Joseph A 425 Woodward, William 425 Wynn, Richard 428 Tennessee. Adams, George M 10 Alexander, Adam R 12 Allen, Robert 13 Anderson, Alexander 15 Anderson, Joseph 10 Anderson, Joseph M 16 Arnell.S.M 19 Arnold, Thomas D 20 Ashe, John B 20 Atkins, John D. C 22 Avery, William T 22 Barrow, Washington 29 Bell, John 34 Blackwell, Julius W 41 Blair, John 41 Blount, William 43 Blount, William G 43 Bowen, John H 46 Brabson, Reese B 48 Bridges, George W 51 Brown, Aaron V 54 Brown, Milton 56 Bryan, Henry H 57 Bugg, Robert M 59 Bunch, Samuel 60 Butler, R. R 64 Campbell, Brookins 68 Campbell, George W 68 Campbell, Thomas J 69 Campbell, William B C9 Cannon, Newton 70 Carter, William B 72 Caruthers, Robert L. 72 Chase, Lucien B 77 Cheatham, Richard 73 Churchwell, William M 80 Claiborne, Thomas 80 Claiborne, William C. C. (see Louisiana) 80 Clements, Andrew J 85 Cocke, John SS Cocke, William 88 Cocke, William M 89 Cooper, Edmund 93 Crockett, David 100 Crockett, John W 100 Crozier, John H 100 Cullom, Al van 101 Cullom, William 101 Desha, Robert 114 Dickinson, David W 115 Dickson, William 116 Dunlap, William C 122 Eaton, John H 124 Etheridge, Emerson 131 Ewing, Andrew : 133 Ewing, Edwin H 133 Fitzgerald, William 139 Forrester, John B 142 Foster, Ephraim H 143 Fowler, J. S 144 Gentry, Meredith P 152 Grundy, Felix 164 Hall, William 168 Harris, Isham G 175 Harris, Thomas K 175 Haskell, William T 177 Hatton, Robert i~8 Hawkins, Isaac R 179 Henderson, Bennett H 182 Hill, Hugh L. W 186 Hogg, Samuel 190 Humphreys, Perry W. 200 Huntsman, Adam 203 Inge.William M 203 Isacks, Jacob C 205 Jackson, Andrew 205 j arnagin, Spencer 207 Johnson, Andrew 209 Johnson, Care 210 Jones, Francis 213 Jones, George W 213 Jones, James C 213 Loa, Luke 232 Lea, Pryor 232 Leftwitch, John W 235 INDEX. 621 Marable, John H 257 Blarr, George VV. L 258 Martin, Barclay 260 Maury, Abraham I' 263 Maynard, Horace 264 McClellan, Abraham 248 McKce, John 252 Miller, Pleasant M 269 Mitchell, James 270 Mullins, James 281 Nelson, Thomas A. R 284 Nicholson, Alfred O. P 280 iS'unn, David A 288 Patterson, David T 296 Peyton, Bailey 302 Pevton, Joseph II 302 Polk, James Ivnox 303 Polk, William H 308 Povvel, Samuel 311 Quarles, James M 314 Ready, Charles 319 Reynolds, James B 321 Rhea, J ohn 321 Rivers, Thomas 325 Sanford, James T 335 Savage, John II 335 Center, William T 340 Sevier, John (see North Carolina) 340 Shields, Kbenezer J... 345 Smith, Daniel 350 Smith, Samuel A 353 Sneed, William H 355 Standifer, James 359 Stanton, Frederick P 360 Stokes, WilliamB 366 Stone, William 367 Taylor, Nathaniel G 375 Thomas, D. U 378 Thomas, Isaac 378 Thomas, James Houston 379 Trimble, John 386 Turney, Hopkins L 388 Watkins, Albert G 405 Watterson, Harvey M 405 Weakley, Robert 406 Wharton, Jesse 409 White, Hugh Lftwson 411 White, James 411 Whiteside, Jenkins 412 Williams, Christopher H 415 Williams, John 416 Williams, Joseph L 416 Wright, John V 427 Zollicolier, FelixK.. 430 Texas. Bell, Peter H 1 35 Bryan, Guy M 57 Evans, Lemuel D 132 Hamilton, Andrew J 169 Hamilton, James 169 Hemphill, John t 182 Henderson, J. Pinckney 182 H oust 1 1 n , Sum 195 Howard, Volney E 197 Kaufman, David S 216 Pilsbury, Timothy 306 Reagan, John H 319 Rusk, Thomas J 332 Scurry, Richardson 338 Smyth, George W 355 Wa'rcl, Matthias 402 Wigfall, Lewis T 414 "Vermont. Allen, Ileman 13 Allen, Heman 13 Bartlett, Thomas, Jr 30 Baxter, Portus 31 Bradley, Stephen R 49 Bradley, William C 49 Braiuerd, Lawrence L 49 Buck, Daniel 68 Buck, Daniel Azro A 58 Butler, Ezra 64 Cahoon, William 66 Chamberlain, William 74 Chase, Dudley 77 Chipman, Daniel 79 Chipman, Nathaniel 79 Chittenden, Martin 79 Collamer, Jacob 90 Crafts, Samuel C 96 Deming, Benjamin F 112 Dillingham, Paul, Jr 116 Edmunds, George F 125 Elliot.James 128 Everett, Horace 132 Fisk, James 139 Fletcher, Isaac 140 Foot, Solomon 141 Hall, Hiland 167 Hebard, William 181 Henry, William 184 Hodges, George T 189 Hubbard, Jonathan H 198 Hunt, Jonathan* 201 Hunter, William 202 Janes, Henry F 207 Jewett, Luther 209 Keyes, Elias 220 Langdon, Chauncy 228 Lyon, Asa 245 Lyon, Matthew (see Kentucky) 246 Mallary, Rollin C 25(5 Marsh, Charles 258 Marsh, George P 258 Mattocks, John 263 Meacham, James 264 Meech, Ezra 265 Miner, Ahiman L 270 Morrill, Justin 8 276 Morris, Lewis R 277 Niles, Nathaniel 286 Noyes, John 288 Olin, Gideon 290 Olin, Henry 290 Paine, Elijah 293 Palmer, William A 294 Peck, Lucius B 298 Phelps, Samuel S 303 Poland, Luke P 308 Prentiss, Samuel 312 Rich, Charles 322 Richards, Mark 322 Robinson, Jonathan 326 Robinson, Moses 327 Royce, Homer E 331 Sabin,Alvah 333 Seymour, Horatio 341 Shaw, Samuel 343 Skinner, Richard 348 Slade, William 348 Smith, Israel 351 Smith, John 352 Smith, Worthington 354 Strong, William 369 Swift, Benjamin 372 Tichenor, Isaac 382 Tracy, Andrew 384 Upham, William 390 Wales, George E 398 Walton, E. P 400 White, Phineas 412 WlthereU. James 4^2 Woodbridge, Frederick E 424 Young, Augustus 429 Virginia. Adams, Thomas 11 Alexander, Mark 12 Allen, John J 13 Allen, Robert 14 Archer, William S 19 Armstrong, William 19 Atkinson, Archibald 22 Austin, Archibald 22 Averett, Thomas H 22 Baker, John 25 Ball, William Lee 26 Banister, John 26 Banks, Linn 26 Barbour, Jumes 27 Barbour, John S 27 Barbour, Philip P 27 Barton, Richard W 30 i Bassett, Burwell 30 Bayly, Thomas Henry 32 Bay ley, Thomas M . 32 Beale, James M. H 32 Beale.R.L.T T 32 622 INDEX, Bedinger, Henry 34 Bierne, Andrew 38 Blair, Jacob I}, (see West Virginia) 41 Bland, Theodoric 42 Bland, Kichard 42 Bocock, Thomas S * 44 Boteler, Alexander K 45 Botts, John M 45 Bouldin, James W 45 Bouldin, Thomas T 45 Bowden, Lemuel J 46 Braxtpn, Barter 50 Breckinridge, James 50 Brent, Richard "51 Brown, John 56 Brown, William G. (see West Vii"ginia) Cf> Burwell, William B.... C3 Cabell, Samuel J 65 Caperton, Hugh 70 Carlile, John S 70 Carrinston, Edward 71 Cary, George B 73 Caskie, John S 74 Chapman, Augustus A 76 Chilton, Samuel 78 Chinn, Joseph W v 79 Claiborne, John 80 Claiborne, Nathaniel H 80 Claiborne, Thomas 80 Clark, Christopher . . 80 Clay, Matthew 84 Clemens, Sherrard 85 Clopton, John 86 Coke, Richard 89 Coles, Isaac , 90 Coles, Walter 90 Colston, Edward 91 Craig, Robert 97 Crump, George W 100 Davenport, Thomas 107 Dawsorr, John 109 De Jarnette, Daniel C 112 Doddridge, Philip 118 Draper, Joseph 120 *Drumgoole, George C 121 Edmundsou, Henry A 125 Eggleston, Joseph 127 Eppes, John W 130 Estill, Benjamin 131 Evans, Thomas 132 Faulkner, Charles J 134 J'itzhugh, William 139 Fleming, William HO Flournoy, Thomas S 140 Floyd, John 140 Fulton, Andrew S 148 Fulton, John H 148 Garland, David S 150 Garland, James 150 Garnett, James M 150 Garnett, Muscoo K. H 150 Garnett, Robert S 150 Gholson, James H 152 G hoi son, Thomas 152 Giles, William Brance 153 Gilmer, Thomas W 154 Goggin, William L 155 Goode, Samuel 156 Goode, William 156 Goodwin, Peterson 157 Gordon, William F 158 Gray, Edward 159 Gray, John C . < -... 159 Grayson, William 159 Griffin, Cyrus , 161 Griffin, Samuel 162 Griffin , Thomas 162 Hancock, George 171 Hardy, Samuel 173 Harris, John T 175 Harris, William A 170 Harrison, Benjamin 176 Harrison, Carter B 176 Hai-vie, John 177 Hawes, Aylett 179 Haymond, Thomas S 180 Hayes, Samuel 180 Heath, John 181 Henry, James 183 Henry, Patrick 184 Hill, John 187 Holladay, Alexander R 191 Holleman, Joel 191 Holmes, David (see Mississippi) 191 Hopkins, George W 193 Hubard, Edmund W 197 Hungerford, John 200 Hunter, Robert M. T 261 Jackson, Edward B 206 Jackson, John G 206 Jeft'erson, Thomas 208 Jenkins, Albert G 208 Johnson, James 210 Johnson, Joseph 211 Johnston, Charles C 212 Jones, James 213 Jones, John W 1 214 Jones, Joseph 214 Jones, Walter 214 Kidwell, Zedekiah 220 Leake, Shelton F 233 Lee, Arthur 2:53 Lee, Francis Lightfoot 233 Lee, Henry 234 Lee, Richard Henry 234 Lee, Richard Bland 234 Leffler, Isaac 235 Leftwich, Jabez 235 Leigh, Benjamin Watkins 236 Letclier, John 236 Lewis, Joseph, Jr 237 Lewis, William J 237 Lewis, Thomas 237 Love, John 243 Loyall, George 244 Lucas, Edward 244 Lucas, William 244 Machir, James 246 Madison, James 255 Mallory , Francis 256 Marrow, John 258 Marshall, John 259 Martin, Klbert S 260 Mason, Armistead Thomson 261 Mason, James M 261 Mason, John Y 262 Mason, Stevens Thomson 262 Maxwell, Lewis 263 McCarty, William M . 248 McCoy, William 249 McComas, William 249 McDowell, James 250 McKinl'jy, William 252 McMullen, Faj-ette 254 Meade, Richard K 264 Mercer, Charles Fenton 265 Mercer, James 26(5 Merrill, Orsamus C 266 Millson, John S 269 Monroe, James 271 Moore, Andrew -. 272 Moore, S. McD 273 Moore, Thomas S 273 Morgan, Daniel 274 Morgan, William S 275 Morton, Jeremiah 279 Nelson. Hugh 283 Nelson, Thomas 284 Nelson, Thomas 31 284 Nevell, Joseph 284 Newman, Alexander 285 Newton, Thomas 285 Newton, Willoughby 285 Nicholas, John 283 Nicholas, Wilson C 285 Page, John 293 Page, Mann 293 Page, Robert 293 Parker, Josiah 2'J5 Parker, Richard . 295 Parker, Richard E 295 Parker, Severn E 295 Patton, John M 297 Pegram, John 298 Pendleton, Edmund 299 Pendleton, John S 299 Pennabacker, Isaac S 300 Pindall, James 306 Pleasants, J ames 307 Powell, Alfred H , 311 Powell , Cuthbert 311 Powell, Levin 311 Powell, Paulus 311 Preston, Francis 312 INDEX. 623 Preston, William B 313 Pryor, Roger A .. 314 .Randolph, Edmund 317 Randolph, John, of Roanoke 317 Randolph, Peyton 317 Randolph, Thomas M 317 Rives, Francis K 321 Rives, William C 325 Roane, John 325 Roane, JohnJ 325 Roane, John I 325 Roane, William H 325 Robertson, John 326 Rutherford, Robert 333 Samuel, Green B 334 Seddon, James A 330 Segar, Joseph E 339 Sheftey, Dankl 343 Smith-, Arthur 350 Smith, Ballard 350 Smith, John 351 Smith, Merewether 352 Smith, William 354 Smith, William... 354 Smyth, A lexander 355 Snodgrass, John Fryall 355 Steenrod, Lewis 361 Stephenson, James ., 362 Stevenson, Andrew 363 Stratton, John 368 Strother, George F 369 Strother, James F .'. . 36 1 J Stuart, Alexander H.ll 369 Stuart, Archibald 369 Summers, George W 370 Swearingen, Thomas V 371 Swoope, Jacob 372 Talial'erro, Benjamin 373 Taylor,John 375 Taylor, Robert , 376 Taylor, William 376 Taylor, William 376 Tazevvell, Henry 376 Tazewell, Littleton W 376 Thompson, George W 379 Thompson, Philip R 380 Thompson, Robert A 380 Tredway, William M 385 Trez vant, J ames 38 Trig*?, Abram 3S Trigg, John 386 Tucker, George Jar Tucker, Henry St. George 387 Tyler, John 38 Van Winkle, Peter G 3'J Tenable, Abraham B 395 Walker, John 3'J Walker, Francis 31)8 Washington, George 404 White, Fmncis 411 Willey, Waitman T 415 Williams, Jared 416 Wilson, Alexander 418 Wilson, Edgar C 418 Wilson, Thomas 421 Wise, Henry A * 422 Wythe, George 428 West "Virginia. Blair, Jacob B. (see Virginia) Brown, William G. (see Virginia) Hubbard, Chester > Kitchen, 1$. M Latham, George R Polsley, Daniel Van Winkle, 1'. G. (see Virginia). 41 56 108 224 229 308 394 409 415 Whaley, Kellian V. , Wiiley, Waitman T. (tee Virginia). "Wisconsin. Billinghurst, Charles 39 Brown, James b 06 Cobb, Amasa 87 Cole, Orasmus 89 Darling, Mason C 105 Dodge, Henry 118 Doolittle, J. R 119 Doty, J ames D 1 19 Durkee, Charles (see Utah) 123 Eastman, Benjamin C.; 124 Eldredge, Charles A 127 H anchett, Luther 171 Howe, Timothy 197 Hopkins, Benjamin F . 193 Larrabee, Charles H 229 Lynde, William P 245 Macy, JohnB 247 Martin, Morgan L 201 Mclndoe, Walter Di 251 Paine, H albert E 293 Potter, John F 311 Sawyer, Philetus 335 Sloan, A. Scott 349 Sloan, IthamarC 349 Tweedy, John H 389 Walker, Isaac P 398 Washburn, Cadwaliader C , 403 Wells, Daniel, Jr. 408 Wheeler, Ezra 409 ' Territory of A.rizont*. Bashford, Coles 30 Goodwin, John N. (see Maine) ; 157 Poston, Charles D 310 Territory of Colorado. Bennett, Hiram P 35 Bradford, Allen A 49 Territory of JDacotah. Burleigh , Walter A 61 Jayne, William 207 Todd, JohnB. S 383 Territory of Idaho. Holbrook, E. D 189 Wallace, William H. (see Washington Terri tory) 400 Territory of Montana. McLean, Samuel 254 Territory of IVew Mexico. Chavez, J. Francisco 78 Clever, Charles P 85 Gallegos, Jos<5 Manuel 149 O tero, Miguel A 291 Perea, Francisco 300 Watts, JohnS 405 Weightman, Richard Hanson 407 Territory of "Utah. Bernhisel, John M 36 Imrkee, Charles (see Wisconsin) 123 Hooper, W. H l'->3 Kinney, John Fitch 223 Territory of Washington. Anderson,J. P 18 Cole, George E 89 Denney, Arthur A U Flanders, Alvin 140 Lancaster, Columbia 227 Stevens, Isaac 1 362 Wallace, William H 400 624 INDEX. INDEX TO STATISTICAL RECORDS. Successive sessions of Congress 431 Speakers House of Representatives 435 Presidents of the Senate 435 Presidents of the Senate pro tern 436 Secretaries of the Senate 437 Clerks House of Representatives 437 Chaplains to Congress 438 Successive Administrations 439 Cabinet Ministers who have not served in Congress 443 Executive Officers of the Civil Service 450 Presidential Electors 454 Supreme Court of the United States 496 Justices of the Supreme Court who have not been in Congress 408 Clerks of the Supreme Court 501 Reporters of Supreme Court 501 Marshals attendant on Supreme Court 601 Ministers, to Foreign Countries 502 Declaration of Independence 523 Signers Declaration of Independence 528 Delegates to the Continental Congress 529 Presidents Continental Congress 533 Sessions Continental Congress 533 Articles of Confederation 534 The Constitution of the United States 539 The Seat of the General Government 551 Organization of Executive Departments 553 States and Territories of the Union 504 Origin of the Names of States 570 Progress of Population of the United States.. 572 Ratio of Representation 573 Leading Government Publications 575 Pay Table of Leading Civil Officers 575 State and Territorial Governors 578 Right of Suffrage in each State 587 Qualifications o_f Governors, Senators, and Representatives 591 Concluding Note 595 INDEX TO CABINET MINISTERS NOT IN CONGRESS. Bancroft, George 443 Black, .JeremiahS 443 Blair, Montgomery 443 Bradford, William 443 Butler, Benjamin Franklin 443 Dallas, Alexander J 444 Dennison, William 4t4 Duane, William J 444 Floyd, John B 444 Gilpin, Henry D 444 Granger, Gideon 444 Grant, Ulysses S 4-J9 Hamilton, Paul 444 Henshaw, David 445 Holt, Joseph 445 Kendall, Amos 445 King, Horatio 445 Knox, Henry 446 Lee, Charles 440 McCulloch, Hugh 446 Meredith, William M 446 Paulding, James K 446 Randall, Alexander H 446 Rush, Richard 446 Schofleld, John McAlister 447 Scott, Winfleld 448 Speed, James 447 Stanbery, Henry 447 Stanton, Edwin M 447 Stoddert, Benjamin 447 Taylor Zachary 448 Thomas, Lorenzo 450 Upshur, Abel Parker 448 Usher, John P 448 Welles, Gideon 448 Wirt, William 448 INDEX TO JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT NOT IN CONGRESS. Blair, John...'. 498 Campbell, John Archibald 498 Catron, John 498 Curtis, Benjamin Robbins 498 Cushing, William 498 Daniel, Peter Vyvian 498 Davis, David 498 Fields, Stephen J 499 Grier, Robert C 499 Harrison, Robert H 499 Johnson, William 499 Livingston, Brockholst 499 Miller, SamuelF 499 Moore, Alfred 499 Nelson, Samuel 500 Swayne, Noah H A 500 Taney, Roger B 500 Thompson, Smith 500 Todd, Thomas 500 Trimble, Robert 500 Washington, Bushrod 500 ADDENDA. IT has been deemed advisable to chronicle, in an addenda, the deaths of several Ex-Congressmen, which have recently occurred, as well as the names, without full particulars, of those who have been elected to Congress from the Reconstructed States together with other facts not received in time to be inserted in the body of this volume. Aldrlch, Cyrus. In his notice, the word "Hampshire" should read Henne- pin. Bennett, Henry. Died at New Ber lin, New York, May 25, 1868. Blackburn W. Jasper. He was elected a Representative, from Louisiana, to the Fortieth Congress, having emi grated from Tennessee, where he edited a newspaper. Holes, Thomas. He was born near Clarksville, Johnson County, Arkansas, July 16, 1837; labored on a farm until his twentieth year, teaching a common school for a portion of three years ; in 1859 to 1860 he was Deputy Sheriff and Deputy Clerk of the Yell County Court ; studied law and came to the bar in the latter year ; in 1863 and 186-t he served as a Captain in the Union Army, experiencing many trials from ill health and military arrests ; in 1865 he was chosen Judge of the Fourth Judicial District of Arkansas, which he resigned early in 1868, when he was elected a Representative, from Arkansas, to the Fortieth Congress. Bond, ShadracJc.Vorn in Mary land. Bowen, C. C. Born in Rhode Island ; long a resident in the South; and was elected a Representative from South Car olina to the Fortieth Congress. Boyden, Nathaniel. He formerly served in Congress from North Carolina, and under the revised Constitution of 1868 was re-elected a Representative, from North Carolina, to the Fortieth Congress. Buchanan, James. Died at 40 Wheatland, near Lancaster, Pennsylvania, June 1, 1868. Buckley, Charles W. He was elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Fortieth Congress. Graduated at the Union Theological Seminary ; was a Chaplain in the Union Army during the Rebellion; and Assistant Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bureau. Burke, Joseph TF. He was elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Fortieth Congress. Christy, John JET. He was elected a Representative, from Georgia, to the Fortieth Congress. Cliff, J. W. He was elected a Rep resentative, from Georgia, to the Fortieth Congress. Emigrated from Massachu setts, and was a Surgeon in the Union Army. Corley, Simon. Born in South Car olina, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Fortieth Congress. Daniel, JohnR. J. Died in North Carolina, in June, 1868. Dewees, John T. He had command of an Indiana Regiment during the Re bellion ; and on removing to North Caro lina, after the war, he was appointed a Register in Bankruptcy, at Raleigh; and was elected a Representative, from North Carolina, to the Fortieth Congress. Dickson, Elias 8. He was born in South Carolina, and was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Fortieth Congress. 625 626 ADDENDA. Dockery, Oliver H. He was elected a Representative, from North Carolina, to the Fortieth Congress. Edwards, William JP. He was born in Georgia; and bred a lawyer; and was elected a Eepresentative, from that State, to the Fortieth Congress. Epping, J. JP. M. Born in North Carolina; appointed a United States Mar shal after the war; and was elected a Eepresentative, from that State, to the Fortieth Congress. French, John JR. Born in Oilman- ton, New Hampshire; edited the " Herald of Freedom " in that State ; removed to Painesville, Ohio, where he edited the "Press;" was a Paymaster during the Rebellion ; and, removing to North Caro lina, was a Tax Commissioner in that State ; and from which he was elected a Representative to the Fortieth Congress. Gillet, Hansom H. He published, in 1868, a political work, entitled " De mocracy in the United States." Goss, James JET. He was born in South Carolina, and was elected a Repre sentative, from that State, to the Fortieth Congress. Gave, Samuel JP. He was elected a Representative, from Georgia, to the For tieth Congress. He was born in Massa chusetts, and an officer in the Union army during the Rebellion. Governors of Reconstructed States. Those elected in 1868 are as fol lows : Alabama William H. Smith; Arkansas Powell Clayton; Florida- Harrison Reed; Georgia Rufus B. Bul lock; Louisiana Henry C. Warmouth; North Carolina William W. Holden; South Carolina Robert K. Scott. Sale, Salma. Was born at Alstead, New Hampshire, March 7, 1787; learned the trade of a printer at Walpole, N. H ; in his eighteenth year became the editor of the "Political Observatory," at that place; subsequently studied law; from 1812 to 1834 with the exception of a few years he was employed as Clerk of the Cheshire County Court, and the Superior Court of Judicatu re ; his services as a Representative in Congress, from Massachusetts, were rendered from 1817 to 1819 ; and, after giving up his connec tion with the Courts as Clerk, he was ad mitted to the bar. He was a member of the New Hampshire Legislature in 1823, 1824, and 1825, serving in both houses. In 1825 he published a " History of the United States," for schools, which was republished in England; was also the author of the " Annals of Keene ; " was a Trustee of Dartmouth University, and of the Uni versity of Vermont, and Secretary of the Board of Commissioners under the Treaty of Ghent. He was a student of languages and history; a frequent and popular writer for periodicals; and died at Keene, N. H., November 19, 1866. Hamilton, Charles M. Born iu Clinton County, Pennsylvania, in Novem ber, 1840 ; in 1861 he entered the Union army as a private, participated in sixteen bat tles, and was wounded three times, at Games' Mill, Antietam, and Fredericks- burg ; was for a time confined in Libby Pris on; in October, 1863, he was appointed a Lieutenant in the Veteran Reserve Corps ; was appointed a Judge Advocate, in which capacity he served until 1865 ; was subse quently a Commissioner of Refugees in Florida ; and on being mustered out of ser vice, early in 1868, he turned his attention to the practice of law ; and was elected a Representative, from Florida, to the Forti eth Congress. Haughey, Thomas. Re was elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Fortieth Congress. Heaton, David. lie was formerly editor of the "Middletown Herald" in Ohio; served in the Senate of that State; was also a member of the Minnesota Sen ate; and was elected a Representative, from North Carolina, to the Fortieth Con gress. Hinds, James. He was born in Hebron, Washington County, New York, December 5, 1833 ; graduated at the Cin cinnati Law College in 1856; removed to Minnesota and practised his profession there; was District Attorney for the State until 1860 ; served in the war for the Union as a private, after which he settled at Little Rock, Arkansas ; was a member of the Convention which formed the present Constitution of the State ; was appointed a Commissioner to codify the laws of the State ; and subsequently elected a Repre sentative, from Arkansas, to the Fortieth Congress. Johnson, Reverdy.Iu June, 1868, he was appointed Minister to England, and received from St. John's College the degree of LL.D. Jones, Alexander JET. He was born in North Carolina ; was editor of the " Ash- ville Progress ; " was confined in the Libby Prison during the Rebellion; and was elected a Representative, from North Car olina, to the Fortieth Congress. Kellogg, Francis W. He was elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Fortieth Congress. (Formerly served in Congress from Michigan.) ADDENDA, 627 La Branche, Alcee In 1837, he was appointed, by President Van Buren, Charge d'affaires to Texas. In the vol ume his name is anglicized. Lash, Isaac D. He was elected a Representative, from North Carolina, to the Fortieth Congress. Lincoln, Levi. Died at Worcester, Massachusetts, May 29, 1868. Additional Facts. Born in Worcester, October 25, 1782; graduated at Harvard College in 1802 ; studied law and came to the bar in 1805 ; was a member of the " State Consti tutional Convention " of 1822 ; and as Pres idential Elector in 1848. Was the brother of Enoch Lincoln. Mann, James. Born in Gorham, Maine, June 20, 1822; in 1847 he was elected to the Legislature of Maine and re-elected, and was also elected to the State Senate ; subsequently he held a position in the Portland Custom House ; was Treasurer for the County of Cumber land; was a Paymaster in the Army dur ing the Rebellion, and during the last year of his service disbursed eight millions of dollars to the Army of the Gulf; and, hav ing settled in New Orleans, was elected a Representative from Louisiana to the Fortieth Congress. McDonald, Alexander. lie was born in Clinton County, Pennsylvania, April 10, 1832; was educated chiefly at the Lewisburg University; emigrated to Kansas in 1857, and turned his attention to mercantile pursuits ; took a leading part in raising troops for the Union Army during the Rebellion, and for a time supported three regiments at his private expense ; in 1863 he settled iu Arkansas as a mer chant; established and became President of a National Bunk at Fort Smith; also became President of the Merchants' Na tional Bank at Little Rock; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Ar kansas, for the term ending in 1869, hav ing taken his seat on the admission of that State into the Union. McDonald, Joseph _E. He was a Representative from Indiana, and not from Ohio. McS.ee, Samuel. Having contested the seat of John D. Young, as a Represent ative from Kentucky to the Fortieth Congress, the House decided the question in his favor, and he was admitted in the month of June, 1868. McMahon, Martin T. Appointed Minister Resident to Paraguay in June, 1868. McRae, John J. Died at Belize, British Honduras, May 30, 1868. New sham, Joseph JR. Was elected a Representative, from Louisiana, to the Fortieth Congress; having previously been a member of the " State Constitution al Convention" of 1868. Norris, Benjamin W. He was elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Fortieth Congress. Osborne, Thomas W. He was a law student in St. Lawrence County, New York, at the commencement of the Rebel lion ; but having raised a battery of artil lery, he saw much service on the Penin sula, at Gettysburg, in the West, and was with the army in its march to the sea, at taining the rank of Brevet Brigadier-Gen eral ; after leaving the army lie was ap pointed United States Marshal for the District of Florida; was also connected with the Freedmen's Bureau there; and was elected a Senator in Congress, from Florida, for the term commencing with the readmission of the State into the Union, and ending in 1873. Pierce, Charles W. He was elected a Representative, from Alabama, to the Fortieth Congress. Prince, Charles H. He was elected a Representative from Georgia to the Fortieth Congress. Born iu Maine, and was a Captain in the Union army during the Rebellion. Rice, Benjamin F. He' was elected a Senator in Congress, from Arkansas, for the term ending in 1871, having taken his seat on the readmission of the State into the Union. Roots, Logan IT. He was born in Perry County, Illinois, .March 26, 1841; graduated at the Normal University of that State ; was principal of a high school ; in 1862 he took an active part in raising troops for the war, and was appointed a quartermaster; and subsequently served as a Commissary of Subsistence iu the operations against Atlanta, with the rank of Colonel. After the war he settled in Arkansas as a planter, and was elected a Representative, from that State, to the Fortieth Congress. Statistics, Bureau of. In June, 1868, this office was merged into that of Special Commissioner of Internal Rev enue. Sypher, J. Hale.TSorn in Pennsyl vania, and elected a Representative, from Louisiana, to the Fortieth Congress. Com manded a regiment of colored troops in the Union army during the Rebellion. Tiffin, Edward. He was born in England; was Commissioner of the Gen- 628 ADDENDA. eral Land Office from 1812 to 1814; and was subsequently Surveyor General for North-western Ohio for several years. Tifft, Nelson. He was elected a Rep- resentative, from Georgia, to the Fortieth Congress. s Toucey, Isaac. In June, 1868, he founded four scholarships in Trinity Col lege, Hartford. Vidalj Michael. Was born in Louis iana, of French lineage; was editor of the " St. Landry Express ; " and elected a Representative, from Louisiana, to the For tieth Congress. Was a member of the " State Constitutional Convention" of 1868. Waldbridge, Daniel S. Died at Kalamazoo, Michigan, June 15, 1868. Welsh, A.. S. He was born in Con necticut, in 1821 ; graduated at the Uni versity of Michigan; was for a time a Professor in that institution ; was also, for fifteen years, at the head of the Normal School of the State; served as an officer in the Union army throughout the Rebel lion ; and, having settled in Florida, was a Senator in Congress, from that State, from the date of its readmission into the Union. WJiittetnore, Benjamin F. Born in Massachusetts; was a clergyman and agent of the Freedmen's Bureau ; ane* elected a Representative, from South Caro lina, to the Fortieth Congress. Woodbridge, Frederick ^.(Ad ditional.) Was in the State Legislature in 1849, 1857 and 1858; in 1860 and 1861 in the Senate, and President pro tempore of that body; was a Prosecuting Attorney from 1854 to 1847; was several times chosen Mayor of Vincennes ; and was en gaged in railroad management having been Vice-President of the Rutland and Washington Railroad. Young, John J>. His claim to a seat as a Representative, from Kentucky, to the Fortieth Congress, was success fully contested by Samuel McKee. Young, P. M. B. He was a Gener al in the Confederate army during the Rebellion ; and was elected a Representa tive, from Georgia, to the Fortieth Con gress. Soon after this work had gone to press, in the month of May, the Repirol can Party held their National Convention at Chicago, and nominated Ulysses S. Grant for President, and Schuyler Colfax for Vice-President of the United States, and a notice of each will be found in the preceding pages. After the work shall have left the printer, the Democratic Party will hold their National Convention in New York City. Should their candidates for the offices in ques tion happen to be men who have served in Congress. Sketches of their lives will also be found in this volume ; but if otherwise, the nominees will be duly mentioned in the forthcoming record of the Twenty-First Presidential elec tion. THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW RENEWED BOOKS ARE SUBJECT TO IMMEDIATE RECALL LIBRARY, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Book Slip-5.3m-10,'68(J4048s8)458 A-31/5 N9 574249 JK1010 Lanman, C. L3 Dictionary of the 1868 United States Congress. LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS