IC-NRLF 
 
 ES3 17fl 
 
REESE LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Received... ..^ 
 Accessions No.-??^.?? Shelf 
 

 
ROMAIC GRAMMAR, 
 
 ACCOMPANIED BY A 
 
 CHRESTOMATHY, 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 Br E. A. 
 
 , A. M. 
 
 
 HARTFORD: 
 H. HUNTING TON, JUN, 
 
 1842. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1842, by 
 . A. SOPHOCLES, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE: 
 METCALF, KEITH, AND NICHOLS, 
 
 PRINTERS TO THE UWITEBSITT. 
 
FACE. 
 
 ROMAIC, or, as it is often called, MODERN 
 GREEK, is the language spoken by the modern 
 Greeks. It may with propriety be said to bear 
 the same relation to the Greek, that is, the lan- 
 guage of the ancient Greeks, that the Italian bears 
 to the Latin. It is called ?? c Papauxq, (sometimes 
 by the mass of the people ; and ^ 
 
 va, 
 
 and %vSaia, by the educated. By some it is 
 called AiQ^Q^ogiy,^ JEolodoric* 
 
 * It is believed that this term was first used by ATHANA- 
 sios CHRISTOPOULOS, who, in consequence of his superficial 
 acquaintance with the Greek language, imagined that the 
 Romaic (of which, by the way, he was a perfect master) was 
 little else than a slight modification of the -ZEolic and Doric 
 dialects. With equal propriety he might have called it 
 Turko-Ionic, or Greeco-Latin. The fact is, the Romaic is 
 the legitimate offspring of the Byzantine Greek, which is 
 the last stage of the Common Attic. 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 With respect to the term 'Po^aux^, Romaic, it 
 should be remembered, that long before the over- 
 throw of the Graeco-Roman empire, the Greeks 
 began to call themselves 'Potato*, Romans ; not 
 because, as some have hastily supposed, they 
 considered themselves unworthy of their glorious 
 ancestors, but because there was more glory at- 
 tached to the name of their masters, the Romans.* 
 The revolution of 1821 has restored the ancient 
 appellation, "JEMrjves : but, as it is used chiefly 
 by the inhabitants of Bavarian Greece, who per- 
 haps do not constitute more than one fourth of 
 the Greek nation, it may safely be said thai the 
 mass of the people still call themselves 'Pcofiaiot, 
 and their language, 'Papauxr]. 
 
 The Romaic, as such, cannot be traced farther 
 back than the time of THEODORUS PTOCHOPRO- 
 
 * It may be remarked here, that the term "Ettyvse was, 
 a few years ago, considered equivalent to tidwloldTQai, 
 idolaters. Indeed, at this very day, many a devout monk 
 thinks it a horrible appellation, not fit for a Christian nation. 
 
 As to the Greeks of Phanari (ftavdgi), they styled them- 
 selves " TO tvdo^ov ye'vog TUV 'Pwpaiwv, the illustrious nation of 
 the Romans," and looked upon the appellation "Ettrjvtg or 
 rpaixoi with utter abhorrence and contempt. 
 
 It may be remarked, further, that the Arabs of the pres- 
 ent day call the modern Greeks 'Povp, that is, Romans, and 
 the ancient inhabitants of Greece, *iowuv or nownv, that is, 
 lonians The term -Pot'/i gave rise to c Pov/*cJli}, Roumele or 
 Romelia, that is, the country of the Romans, which is usually 
 applied to continental Greece, Macedonia, and Thrace. 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 DROMUS, who flourished about the middle of the 
 twelfth century (say, A. D. 1150), and is the first 
 Romaic author of whom we have any definite ac- 
 counts. His two Romaic poems consist of about 
 946 iambic verses of seven and a half feet (tech- 
 nically, iambic tetrameters catalectic), and are ad- 
 dressed to the emperor Manuel Comnenus. The 
 prologues and epilogues are in barbarous Greek, 
 that is, in the Greek commonly used by the 
 learned of that period ; which period, according 
 to some, is the darkest in the history of Greek 
 literature.* It may be stated further, that the 
 story of = ' ^.Ttohkaviov TOV Iv Tvgco, Apollonius 
 of Tyre, was translated from the Latin romance 
 " Jlpollonius Tyrius" the supposed prototype of 
 "Pericles Prince of Tyre" about the year A. D. 
 1480. 
 
 With respect to Romaic Grammars, most of 
 those that are written by native Greeks, instead 
 of describing the language as it is spoken by the 
 mass of the people, and written by men of edu- 
 cation and sense, are most commonly little more 
 
 * These poems of PTOCHOPRODROMUS have been edited, 
 commented upon, and treated with affected contempt, by 
 the learned CORAY. The editor seems to be out of patience 
 with his author because he did not use better Romaic. 
 The fact is, CORAY, when he undertook the edition of these 
 poems, was too old, or rather too Parisianized to appreciate 
 the rude humor of the " Poor Forenunner." 
 
V1 PREFACE. 
 
 than an exposition of some favorite philological 
 whim.* 
 
 Those composed by foreigners, are usually free 
 from systematic pedantries ; but, with a few hon- 
 orable exceptions, they abound with errors; and, 
 as most of the authors of these Grammars have 
 the misfortune to be tolerable smatterers in Greek, 
 they are by no means free from needless and con- 
 fusing comparisons between the language of the 
 modern Greeks and that of their supposed ances- 
 tors ; so that the reader, after he has been through 
 half a dozen of them or so, knows little more 
 about the Romaic, than that the language of Ber- 
 toldo and Bertoldino differs somewhat from that 
 of Thucydides. Not unfrequently, a rule is based 
 upon a misprint.** 
 
 * Thus, in the skeleton of a Grammar lately printed and 
 published at Syra, and pompously entitled lt r^ap/um*^ T?J? 
 agxaiaq xal TIJ? aT)pfQirij$ ^waaij?, A Grammar of the ancient 
 and modern Greek," among other whimsical observations we 
 meet with the following ; " What the ancient expressed by 
 lovaofiai, the modern Greek (6 arjpfQirog "EM^v) expresses 
 by &&<*> lova&Tjv." Now if by "the modern Greek" the 
 author means himself and a few other Coraists, the state- 
 ment is partially true ; but nothing can be more false, if it 
 is intended to include the mass of the nation. 
 
 ** For example, a learned author, who is by no means 
 unacquainted with the Romaic, gravely informs his readers, 
 that the modern Greek has augmentative nouns in -favrj, as 
 Tio&wvTj, a great desire, from n6$o$ ; the origin of which mis- 
 take is the "erratum" Tto&uvai for no&u val, occurring in 
 a poem attributed to Regas. 
 
PREFACE. Vil 
 
 It may be remarked here, that CORAY, though 
 he has never written a Grammar, has made 
 more grammatical observations, than most modern 
 Greeks ; unfortunately, however, his fort lay not in 
 accurate grammatical knowledge. 
 
 The Grammar which is now offered to the 
 Hellenists of the United States, professes to give 
 a full account of the Romaic of the present day. 
 A great number of books, pamphlets, newspapers, 
 and epistles, have been examined with reference 
 to it. Comparisons between the Greek and Ro- 
 maic have, in general, been avoided, simply be- 
 cause to the Hellenist they would be of little or 
 no use, and as to him who is not acquainted with 
 the Greek, they would not only be entirely use- 
 less, but also highly perplexing. An elementary 
 book is not the proper place for comparisons of 
 this kind. 
 
 CAMBRIDGE, 
 May 15, 1842. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART I. 
 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 The Alphabet . . .1 
 
 Diphthongs . . 2 
 
 Pronunciation . 2 
 
 Accents and Breathings . 5 
 
 Enclitics and Proclitics 7 
 
 Punctuation . . 9 
 
 Syllabication . . .9 
 
 Synizesis . . . 11 
 
 PACE 
 
 Metathesis . . .31 
 
 Additions and Omissions of Letters 1 2 
 
 Prosthesis and Aphaeresis . 12 
 
 Epenthesis and Syncope 12 
 
 Paragoge and Apocope . 13 
 
 Crasis and Elision . 13 
 
 Commutation of Letters . 14 
 
 PART II. 
 
 INFLECTION OF WORDS. 
 
 Parts of Speech . .17 
 
 Noun . . . 17 
 
 First Declension . .18 
 
 Second Declension 22 
 
 Third Declension . . 24 
 
 Indeclinable Nouns . 29 
 
 Adjectives . . .29 
 
 Adjectives in eg and ovs 30 
 
 Adjectives in ns . . 31 
 
 Adjectives in vs . 31 
 
 Adjectives and Participles in av, 
 
 as, its . 32 
 
 Comparison of Adjectives . 34 
 
 Anomalous Comparison 35 
 
 Numerals . . .36 
 
 Cardinal Numbers . 36 
 
 Ordinal Numbers . . 37 
 
 Multiplicatives . 37 
 
 Article . . .38 
 
 Pronoun . . 38 
 
 Personal . . .38 
 
 Reflexive . . 40 
 
 Reciprocal . .41 
 
 Possessive . 41 
 
 Interrogative . .42 
 
 Indefinite . . 42 
 
 Demonstrative . . 43 
 
 Relative . . 44 
 
 Pronominal Adjectives . 44 
 
 Verb ... 45 
 
 Augment . . .51 
 
 Formation of the Tenses . 53 
 
 Present . . .53 
 
 Imperfect 54 
 
 Aorist and Perfect Passive 
 
 Participle . .55 
 
 Future . 57 
 
 Perfect and Pluperfect . 59 
 
 Conditional Tenses . 60 
 
 Verbs in u . . .62 
 
 Irregular Verbs . . 65 
 
 Adverbs . . .73 
 
 Derivation of Words . 74 
 
 Composition of Words . 79 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Subject and Predicate 
 
 Subject 
 
 Predicate 
 Substantive . 
 Adjective 
 
 Comparatives 
 
 Numerals 
 Article 
 Pronoun . . 
 
 Personal . 
 
 Reflexive 
 
 Reciprocal 
 
 Possessive . 
 
 Interrogative 
 
 Indefinite 
 
 Demonstrative 
 
 Relative 
 Object 
 Genitive . 
 Accusative 
 
 PART III. 
 
 
 SYNTAX. 
 
 
 81 
 
 Vocative . 
 
 
 81 
 
 Voices 
 
 
 85 
 
 Active 
 
 
 86 
 
 Passive 
 
 
 88 
 . 89 
 
 Deponents . 
 Tenses . . 
 
 
 89 
 
 Moods . 
 
 
 90 
 
 Indicative . 
 
 
 94 
 94 
 97 
 
 Subjunctive 
 Interrogative and Relative 
 clauses 
 
 97 
 97 
 98 
 
 Conditional Propositions 
 Expression of a Wish . 
 Prohibitions . 
 
 
 
 98 
 99 
 
 Imperative . . 
 Adverb . . 
 
 
 99 
 . 101 
 102 
 . 106 
 
 Preposition . . 
 Conjunction . 
 Interjection 
 
 
 
 112 
 113 
 113 
 113 
 114 
 114 
 117 
 117 
 119 
 
 122 
 124 
 126 
 127 
 127 
 128 
 130 
 131 
 133 
 
 Feet 
 Trochaic Verse 
 
 PART IV. 
 VERSIFICATION. 
 
 134 1 Iambic Verse 
 . 134 
 
 135 
 
 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 Miscellaneous Extracts 
 Coray . . 
 
 Koumas . . 
 
 Kokkinakes . 
 
 Chourmouzes 
 (Ekonomos . 
 Proverbs 
 Christopoulos 
 Soutsos . 
 Perdi cares 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 ADDITIONS TO THE VOCABULARY 
 
 139 
 . 144 
 
 Klephtic and other Songs 
 Miliones . 
 
 146 
 
 . 148 
 
 Gvph takes 
 Pliaskas . 
 
 149 
 
 Death and Souls 
 
 . 154 
 156 
 
 Olympus and Kisabhos 
 Constantine and Arete 
 
 . 157 
 
 Salomos 
 
 163 
 
 
 . 165 
 
 NOTES 
 
 167 
 167 
 168 
 169 
 169 
 170 
 170 
 172 
 
 175 
 
 191 
 
 262 
 
ROMAIC GRAMMAR. 
 
PART 
 LETTERS AND 
 
 THE ALPHABET. 
 
 ^ 1. 1. The Romaic alphabet consists of the 
 following twenty-four letters : 
 
 Figure. 
 
 A a 
 
 B ft 6 
 
 r 7 
 
 d 8 
 E s 
 Z I 
 
 TT 
 
 /"fc Q. /\ 
 
 \y \T u 
 
 i i 
 
 K x 
 
 A A 
 
 M 11 
 
 N v 
 
 V t 
 
 & 
 O o 
 
 J.J. 7t TXf 
 
 P 9 
 
 2 a s final 
 
 T T 
 T v 
 
 (f 
 
 X x 
 
 II o 
 
 Representative. 
 
 Name. 
 
 Ji 
 
 a 
 
 31 Akcpa 
 
 EH 
 
 bh 
 
 Sqia 
 
 GH 
 
 gh 
 
 Jnstfjifjia 
 
 DH 
 
 dh 
 
 ^/^ra 
 
 E 
 
 e 
 
 *E i/;tAo 
 
 Z 
 
 z 
 
 Zrjra 
 
 E 
 
 e 
 
 ~ 3 Hia 
 
 TH 
 
 th 
 
 fJTa 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 'Icora 
 
 K 
 
 k 
 
 Kdmta 
 
 L 
 
 I 
 
 Adpfldi 
 
 M 
 
 m 
 
 Mv 
 
 JY 
 
 n 
 
 Nv 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 
 
 *O [IM^ 
 
 P 
 
 P 
 
 III 
 
 R 
 
 r 
 
 'PS 
 
 S 
 
 s 
 
 2 typo, 
 
 T 
 
 t 
 
 Tav 
 
 Y 
 
 y 
 
 7 r yd.* 
 
 PH 
 
 P h 
 
 01 
 
 CH 
 
 ch 
 
 XI 
 
 PS 
 
 ps 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 
 
 7 J2 uiyi 
 
2 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [$2-4. 
 
 2. The letters are divided into vowels and con- 
 sonants. The vowels are seven ; a, , ??, 4, o, v, a. 
 The consonants are seventeen ; /3, 7, 5, , #, x, A, 
 
 p, V, |, 7T, , (?, T, 9, 2S I//. 
 
 3. The consonants | and t/> respectively repre- 
 sent x<? and 7T<7. Thus |fVos, xopa|, ifja%vos, yvy, 
 are pronounced xoivos* xo'paxs, 7ioa%v6s, yvjts. 
 
 4. The consonants */, p, g, |, and \y are the only 
 ones that can stand at the end of a genuine Romaic 
 word. 
 
 DIPHTHONGS. 
 
 2. There are eleven diphthongs ; at, av, a, 
 B v, 01, ov, vi, ?/v, a, y, a. 
 
 The second letter in the last three is written 
 under the first, and is, lor that reason, called iota 
 subscript. 
 
 PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 3. The Romaic has five vowel-sounds, repre- 
 sented by a, f, i, o, and ov, and twenty-one conso- 
 nant-sounds, represented by j3, 7, 8, f, #, x, A, ^, 
 
 V, 7T, 0, tf, T, 9), ^. 
 
 ^4. 1. Of the five vowel-sounds, only two, 
 namely, e and o, cannot be exactly expressed in 
 English letters. 
 
 is pronounced like a in father. After the sound 1 (i, ei, 77, 
 77, ot, v, vi , like a in yV/f, pat, but not so sharp : perhaps a 
 in pecnKaritjf would express it better. 
 
 , like . 
 
 at, like ?. 
 
 au, fi 1 , r/v, before a vowel, or before /?, ;', d, A, /u, v, ^>, are pro- 
 nounced like .-5, f;5, ^/S, respectively ; in all other cases, like 
 aif, up, r t (f. In other words, v in these three diphthongs has 
 
4.] PRONUNCIATION. 
 
 the force of /9, or q>. E. g. svol, avyov, avkog, ifjsvdog, 
 
 are pronounced fjSol, afiyov, /?Adc, yefidog, y^yoi '. avTog, 
 
 ijvxeio, are pronounced aqprog, tyx?), tf(f%no. 
 e, a liltle longer than the first e in veneration. Further, a in 
 
 mate, without the vanishing sound, expresses it almost exactly. 
 ei, like i. 
 ev, see cev. 
 T? and 77, like i. 
 yv, see av. 
 
 i, like i in machine, or ee in y*ec/. 
 o, a little longer than o in confuse. The English long 0, 
 
 as in note, cone, without the vanishing sound, expresses it 
 
 very nearly. 
 ot, like i. 
 
 ov, like oo in moon, pool, 
 v and vi, like i. 
 < and w, like o. 
 
 NOTE 1. The multiplicity of the representatives of nearly all the vowel- 
 sounds is a source of confusion in the orthography of some Romaic words of 
 obscure or foreign origin. The most natural way to settle the orthography of 
 such words is to spell their root in the simplest manner as it is pronounced ; 
 that is, to use only a, s, t, o, and ov. 
 
 NOTE 2. It is well known that nearly all the English long vowels, so called' 
 are composed of two distinct elements ; in other words, they are diphthongs. 
 For the gratification of those who may wish to know how the Greeks express 
 them in Romaic letters, we give the following table. 
 
 a is sounded nearly like i'i, la, as fate, <pi'tr : fare, <pi<t. 
 
 e " " ia, IK, " there, Si : mere, pi<x. 
 
 I " " <i't, a/a, " spite, fffair : Jire, <p/'a. 
 
 6 oov, oa., ' ' note, voovr : store, rrbag. 
 
 U tov, tova, " mute, ftiour ' pure, Tifluttg. 
 
 It will be observed that i as in Jire, and u as in pure, are each composed of 
 three distinct elements. 
 
 2. Of the twenty-one consonant-sounds only 
 three, namely /3, /, and #, cannot be expressed in 
 English letters. 
 
 /? is weaker than v, but stronger than w. In this book, /?, y, d, 
 
 are respectively represented by bh, gh, dh. 
 y, before the sounds E and /, is stronger than y in yes, yoke ; 
 
 that is, it is a strong palatal. In all other cases it is 
 
 guttural. Compare x, % 
 
 Before x, %, or another y, it is sounded like ng in hang ; 
 
 in which case, x and the second y have the sound of g in 
 
4 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [ 4. 
 
 give; as, avdyxr), ah-ndng-ge, adlmy$ (that is, odlmyxs), 
 sal-pings, ovyzvaig, sy'ng-chy-sis, ayytiov, ang-gih-on. 
 
 yx, see y, x. 
 
 8, like M in Mis, Mew, rather. 
 
 , like z. 
 
 #, like M in MIH, theme, mouth. 
 
 x, like &. Before and I it is palatal ; in all other cases it is 
 rather guttural. 
 
 After /, it has the sound of g in g-z've, ^ef. For examples, 
 see y. 
 
 I, like /. Before T, it is generally sounded like tt in William, 
 or like the Italian gl : compare v under the same circum- 
 stances. 
 
 ju, like m. 
 
 pin, see n. 
 
 py, see y/. 
 
 v, like n. Before 7, it is generally sounded like the first n in 
 opinion, or like the Italian gn. 
 
 The final v of the proclitics V, foV, tv, at'?', roV, x^V, and 
 of some other words, before a word beginning with x, or | 
 (that is xa), is pronounced like y under the same circum- 
 stances ; as, rov xaiQov, royxatyov, tong-geh-ron, dev |^w, 
 df/StQM, dheng-gseh-ro. Before n, or y (that is na), the v of 
 these words is sounded like p : as, rbv TIIXQOV, roftntxQov, 
 tom-bih-kron, rrjv yvx^v, irj^v^r t v, teem-bsyh-cheen; see n 
 and y. 
 
 VT, see T. 
 
 $, like x in ax. 
 
 TI, like p. After ^, it has the sound of 6 ; as, opngoaTa, om- 
 brostdh. See also v. 
 
 Q, like r. 
 
 o, like 5 in soft. Before /?, /, 5, p, v, and ^>, in the same or in 
 the next word, it has the sound of : as, tafivai-, ttfivae, eh- 
 zbhyh-seh, 'lagay)., **I&)arjli, Iz-rah-eel ; TOW? ylgovg, TovyfQOV$, 
 tooz-ghe/i-roos. 
 
 r, like / in ttll. After v, it is sounded like d\ as, )T^OTI?J, 
 en-dro-pe : so also after the proclitics V, 5gV, V, avv, iov, ir\v : 
 av -iQi%(n, an-dreh-cho. 
 
 TO (formerly T^), before E or I, like ch in check, cheap ; as, era*, 
 eh-chih ; in all other cases, like #5 or tz ; as Iradxtaav, eh~ 
 tzdh-kih-san. But rat before a, o, or or>, in case of synizesis, 
 is pronounced like ch in chapter, choke, choose ; as, Tamxemj- 
 , chah-kah-te-rah. When preceded by y, it has the sound 
 as, TOV TasfaTifj, TovTaffany, ton-jeh-leh-pe. 
 
^ 5.] ACCENTS AND BREATHINGS. 5 
 
 <p, like / or ph. 
 
 X, considerably stronger than h ; the German ch, or the Spanish 
 
 j t expresses it exactly. 
 
 Further, before E or 7, it is palatal', in all other cases it is 
 
 rather guttural. 
 y, like ps in perhaps. After p, it has the sound of bs, inas- 
 
 much as it represents TIG : as, {iyv%o$, em-bsyh-chos. 
 
 3. When a consonant is doubled, only the first 
 one is pronounced ; as, tfgpaAAw, (pvhdiTa, pro- 
 nounced 
 
 Examples for Practice. 
 
 v, ylh fiovaixs, Eh-sy'h, phih-leh moo-sih-keh, 
 
 [tov pa&Qttxe, Pho-nah-kldh-moo bhah-thrah-keh, 
 
 o nlvoviaq, ylvxd Neh-r6 pih-non-das, ghlyh-kah 
 
 K().aidelg TO pTiaxaxd. Keh-lah-ih-dhis to-mbah-kah-kdh. 
 
 Tr t g avyris d^oadro dtgi, Tiss-abh-ghis dhro-sdh-to ah-eh-rih, 
 
 Aiv <pvaag JMQU lav n\io Dheii-phyh-sds to-rah eh-sy'h plih-6 
 
 *2 TWV yEvdoniaTwv TO - Stom-bsebh-dho-pih-ston to-ah- 
 
 steh-rih. 
 
 O-E'h-ro-tas mch-Uh-ghih 
 3 2 TO. nudri ^uov Stv cpTcxlyst Stah-pdh-t he-moo dhen-phteh-gih ; 
 Kai del%vei xal 7t^o/5AAt Keh-dhih-chnih keh-pro-bhdl-lih 
 Ilwg TITIOTS dsv acpdMei. Pos-tih-po-teh dhen-sphdl-lih. 
 Ol Aa/ot 7iofa[j,ovvTe$ ps TOV$ OISTOV$ 
 
 lh-lah-ghih po-leh-mo6n-des meh-toos-ah-eh-to6s eh-pah-rah- 
 kdh-loon issym-mah-chih-an tas-ah-16-peh-kas. 
 
 ACCENTS AND BREATHINGS. 
 
 ^ 5. 1. There are three accents, the acute ('), 
 the grave ( " ), and the circumflex ( " ). 
 
 The acute can stand on one of the last three 
 syllables ; the circumflex only on the last two ; 
 and the grave only on the last. 
 
 With respect to pronunciation, there is no differ- 
 ence between these three marks. 
 
6 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [ 6, 7. 
 
 NOTE 1. Some of the polysyllabic forms of the present and imperfect passive 
 sometimes take the accent en the fourth syllable, in which case a secondary 
 accent is placed on the penult ; as, xB&p/c/rrt, l**$op*rTv, from xetSofuu. 
 
 But such forms as xovntvi^ ififfiumn, from xfly/&r, /S^aJi/a^w, are no ex- 
 ceptions to the general rule, since the antepenult is, by synizesis, contracted with 
 the penult into one syllable. 
 
 2. Every word, except si?, as, and the articles 
 6, ??, ot, at, #, has one of the accents. 
 
 With regard to the place of the accent in any 
 particular word, it must be learned by observation 
 and practice. 
 
 For the accent of the oblique cases of nouns, and for that of 
 the verbal forms, see the paradigms. 
 
 NOTE 2. In Romaic words of modern date, the acute should be used, unless 
 it would violate some Greek rule. Thus, instead of ^a^Sx/, xx\oxa7p, <ra7f t 
 write {tosv}.i, xa&txaigt, retig, 
 
 6. When a word, which has the acute on the 
 last syllable, stands before other words belonging to 
 the same clause or expression, this acute becomes 
 grave. E. g. 
 
 not xorAo'c 
 
 ^7. 1. Every word, beginning with a vowel, 
 has either the rough breathing ( c ), or the smooth 
 breathing ( ' ), over that vowel. 
 
 With respect to pronunciation, these two marks 
 have no power whatever. E. g. 
 
 o/a), tt'pal, oh-rih-zo, ih-eh-rax t 
 axot'w, ^w, ah-koo-o, eh-cho. 
 
 What words take the rough, and what the smooth breathing, 
 must be learned by observation. It is only remarked here, 
 that derivative words take the breathing of their primitives. 
 
 2. The rough breathing is placed also over g at 
 the beginning of a word. E. g. 
 
 iifia, re-tor, rebh-mah. 
 
8-10.] ACCENTS AND BREATHINGS. 7 
 
 When p is doubled in the middle of a word, the 
 first one takes the smooth, and the second, the 
 rough breathing. E. g. 
 
 enlQfjyua, eh-pih-re-ma. 
 
 8. 1. The accent, as also the breathing, is 
 placed over the second vowel of the diphthong 
 accented. E. g. 
 
 yvvouxtg, oixoi, TOVTOV, xaxalg. 
 
 2. But in the diphthongs a, #, a, these marks 
 are necessarily placed over the first letters. E. g. 
 
 fxdto, rj, fVw. 
 
 3. When a word is written in capitals, its breath- 
 ing and accent are commonly omitted ; as, A4SI, 
 rPAQH, ENJ2. 
 
 ENCLITICS AND PROCLITICS. 
 
 9. An enclitic is a word which is pronounced 
 as if it were an integral part of the preceding word. 
 
 The most striking enclitics are the personal pro- 
 nouns fiov, [is, ^MOCS, tfov, (Tf, etas, and all the cases 
 of TOS. 
 
 ^ 1O. 1. If the word before the enclitic has the 
 acute on the antepenult, or the circumflex on the 
 penult, the accent of the enclitic is dropped, and the 
 acute is placed on the last syllable of the preceding 
 word. 
 
 With respect to pronunciation, in the first case, 
 the primary stress is on the antepenult of the at- 
 tracting word, and the secondary on its last sylla- 
 ble ; in the second case, the acute on the last sylla- 
 ble of the attracting word has no power whatever. 
 E.g. 
 
 deans |i/ pron. deafje^ag, d/ieh-sch-teh-mas 
 dovlog aot$ " dovkoa(j&$, dhoo-lossas. 
 
8 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [^ 11. 
 
 2. When the word before the enclitic has the 
 accent on the last syllable, or the acute on the 
 penult, the accent of the enclitic is simply dropped ; 
 and if the accent on the last syllable of that word 
 be the acute, it remains so, contrary to the general 
 rule (^ 6). E. g. 
 
 yvi'txixog aov pron. yvvatxooaov, ghyh-neh-kossoo. 
 tliiers rov finsrerov, ih-pe/i-tch-too. 
 
 3. When two enclitics succeed each other, the 
 last one drops its accent, and the one preceding it 
 takes the acute. In this case the primary accent is 
 that of the attracting word. E. g. 
 
 B rov ro pron. dwatrtrovro 
 
 fWV rov 
 
 ov rovB 
 
 ^ 1 1. A proclitic is a word which is pronounced 
 as if it were an integral part of the word before 
 which it stands. 
 
 The principal proclitics are the articles, the pre- 
 positions, the auxiliary^Jfra, the conjunctions civ, 
 xai, and vo, andfEeTpersofia/ pronouns mentioned 
 above ( 9), except the genitive TJ/. E. g. 
 
 o av&fjwnog pron. 
 ano ' 
 
 xa rovrog " xairovro/; 
 
 uag fl'ntTf " ^.aadnirs 
 
 aag ro i'dwxa " aaaroidwxa. 
 
 NOTE. The union of the preposition tis, and of the articles rev, <rw, with 
 the word to which they belong, has been the source of a considerable number of 
 curious words. Thus, the Turks have made Sra^ToA., Constantinople, and 
 2ra* or 2-rayx/c, Cos, from the expressions '2 T IIeXj, to the City, and 
 '2 TI K, to Cos. 
 
 The Greeks, imagining that the y of the article belonged to the following 
 word, have made yxj^ves, N/'v<w, Ny, NT^VW, Ni/^c, y^<!j, from TV x.e</u.voi>, 
 7fiv A7va, T^ "lay, T^V T^yy, T? "TJ^ay, TOY af/,ov. On the other hand, sup- 
 posing that the v belonged to the article, they have formed 'A/a, "Ea-a^Ttff, 
 from <ry Na|y, rot 
 
12-14.] SYLLABICATION. 9 
 
 The Italians have made Stalanini, and Negroponte, from '2 TV Ajftvta or 
 '2 <rjy AJjycevay, and '2 rijv "Ey/T<w or '2 r^v JLugiirov, imagining, at the same 
 time, that the latter word was of Italian origin (negro, ponte). 
 
 PUNCTUATION. 
 
 1 2. The Romaic makes use of the following 
 marks of punctuation : 
 
 Comma, 
 
 Colon and Semicolon, 
 
 Period, . 
 
 Interrogation, 
 
 Apostrophe, . 
 
 Coronis, 
 
 Diaeresis, 
 
 Parenthesis, . . . . . [() 
 
 Admiration, . . . . . [ ! 
 
 The mark of diaeresis is placed over i or v only when the 
 
 preceding syllable ends in , , or o : Thus xlav^a has three j 
 
 syllables, xAa-i'-^a, but xAav^w is a dissyllable, 
 
 SYLLABICATION. 
 
 13. There are as many syllables in a Romaic 
 word as there are vowel- sounds in it. 
 
 14. 1. Any single consonant may commence 
 a Romaic word. 
 
 2. The following combinations of consonants 
 also may commence a word: 
 
 /?/, fid, /9A 
 
 yd, yx, yl, yv, yg : ydvvia, yxayl&i, ylvxoq, yvc0Qi"w, 
 
 5|U, dv, dy : 
 
 , x ( u, v.v, 
 v, (in : 
 
 j VTG '. vtovkam, vnsn^i \ 
 A, nv, ng, m '. TrAaio?, nvtv^iu, nqog, mvw : 
 
 > oy> o&> 0x> oxl, a/u, onk, OT, aiX, atg, ay, 
 
10 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [^ 15. 
 
 ayagdl, axuTtTW, axirjgo?, anlrjva, 
 
 , T|U, TQ, T(J : 
 
 (jpx, <pv, cpQ, qpz : cp&dvia, 
 **> *'' X9> X* ' 
 
 3. The above combinations, except fly, yx, pn, VT, via, com- 
 mence also a syllable. Also, yp, &p, TV, ^. 
 
 4. Any three consonants may commence a syl- 
 lable, provided the combination of the first with the 
 second, and that of the second with the third, may 
 each begin a syllable ; as 
 
 15. Romaic words are divided into syllables 
 in the following manner. 
 
 1. A single consonant standing between two 
 vowels, or a combination of consonants which can 
 commence a syllable (^ 14. 3, 4), is placed at the 
 beginning of the syllable. E. g. 
 
 -if, ygd-cpov-ai, rav-gog, tf-na-atv 
 fg, u-ni-aiog, f-x&Qog, qrj-xvo-fifv. 
 
 2. When, the combination of consonants cannot 
 commence a syllable, its first consonant belongs to 
 the preceding syllable. E. g. 
 
 SQ-XOV-TUI,, auk-my-yog, I'-^aA-Af?. 
 
 3. A compound word is resolved into its com- 
 ponent parts, if the first part ends with a consonant. 
 But if the vowel of the first part has been cut off, 
 the compound is divided like a single word. E. g. 
 
 -7if-^a), xa-r-yw, v-7 
 
 4. When elision takes place, the last consonant 
 of the preceding word is prefixed to the vowel of 
 the following. E. g. 
 
 U' eyw divided a 
 
 U7l 
 
16-18.] SYNIZESIS. 11 
 
 SYNIZESIS. 
 
 . Two successive syllables, of which the 
 first ends in, and the second begins with, a vowel- 
 sound, may be so rapidly uttered as to form but 
 one syllable. This is called synizesis or synecpho- 
 nesis. E. g. 
 
 may be pronounced a-ya-nusig, ali-gha-pice. 
 
 17. When the first of the syllables thus con- 
 tracted ends in an / sound, the following changes 
 take place in pronunciation : 
 
 /?t, di, i f QI, are pronounced fiyi, dyi, yi, qyi : /3to|uat fiyid- 
 ^o^ueu, didxog dyL(ixog, iuiyoq yunyos, &fQia -frfyyid '. 
 
 ni, cpi, &i, 11, are pronounced 7t%i, qp;ft, &%!, T%I ' ntdrw 7r%idv(o, 
 acpiovi acpxion, &udcpi 
 
 jut, is pronounced ^vi : 
 
 It must be observed here, that if the / has the accent before 
 the synizesis, the tone is placed on the next syllable ; as &TJQIO 
 &IJQIO, qp&m'w qDwna, xqaalov xyaaiov, jta^dlctg xagdiag. 
 
 NOTE 1. When two I sounds are thus contracted, the first I is sometimes 
 omitted in writing, inasmuch as this omission does not affect the pronunciation 
 of the word; as, "Spupoi, %Xoi, vrtvraxoffoi, for 'Sptvgvioi, *jX/a/, vrivraxotnot* 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated often drop the I in case of synizesis. Thus, they 
 pronounce xgatrd, ci%ov } travel, for xgxtrid, ei%iot>, 
 
 NOTE 3. The preposition $< becomes yia, in the following manner : $ia, 
 SytK, yix, the J being dropped for the sake of euphony. 
 
 NOTE 4. Many place a curve or a straight line, or a circumflex under the 
 syllables contracted by synizesis ; as, Ixowuirs, ixovia<rt, or txbiriafft. These 
 marks may possibly be useful in spelling-books ; but in such as are intended for 
 those who can read properly, they are needless, and moreover they disfigure the 
 page. 
 
 METATHESIS. 
 
 1 8. Metathesis is an interchange of place between two 
 letters (one of which is commonly A or p) in the same word. 
 E.g. 
 
 cavlGi for 
 
12 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [ 19-22. 
 
 ADDITIONS AND OMISSIONS OF 
 LETTERS. 
 
 PROSTHESIS AND APH^ERESIS. 
 
 1O. Prosthesis is prefixing one or more letters to a word. 
 E.g. 
 
 anfgvw, anriyavo/; from TttQVW, nrjyarov 
 yalua, ykaQog, yvi&a " ai/ja, Idgoc, vr^&at 
 axorrj, oxvynw xonz, xvmw. 
 
 NOTE. The uneducated often prefix t to words, especially to such as are pre- 
 ceded by the proclitics ret, <r?, rev;, (*,;, va.f. E. g. 
 ret \y\i-ru for -rev yXi<ru 
 
 l*Mi itpvrifyt " /ct? $ur%u 
 
 xoXXriv lyvu^i(jtla.v " -roXXr,* yvugiftictv. 
 
 The fact, that this prefix usually occurs after the forms rev, rw, revs, has led 
 some to suppose that the t belongs to these proclitics, and consequently to write 
 ritt, T, rat/a-i, absurdly enough. 
 
 2O. Aph&resis is the taking of a letter or letters from 
 the beginning of a word. E. g. 
 
 My os, jMTt for ollyos, Oj 
 'c, 'it, vy>o$ " tig, on, 
 
 <y f/.w, 
 
 EPE^THESIS AND SYNCOPE. 
 
 581. Epenthesis is the insertion of a letter or letters in 
 the middle of a word. E.g. 
 
 ayoi'QOc, ^ui7/, for at'^ac, UUQOC, pvia. 
 
 NOTE. In tyveitt, r^ttyves, for fvteiet, rvfvei, it must not be supposed that 
 the first is changed into y, since only one is pronounced ( 4. 3) ; and 
 moreover, this insertion takes place in os.yva.M-na, from 
 
 . Syncope is the omission of a letter or letters from 
 the middle of a word. E. g. 
 
 tyirxtt, Ae'w, |^o>, for tyiv^xa, liy<a, 
 
 NOTE. The uneducated generally make the following omissions : 
 
 1. They drop r before S-, as iSeyetXo, ftetfa&tixet, for a,&<>ya.Xo* t 
 
 2. They drop y before p or #, as a^U/, -r^afe* 
 from iyxtlos, -r^y^tf, *cyx{es, pilayxprfs, ffuy^u^. 
 
 3. They drop the sound B before /u., as, yifta, $cif*<x, for 
 
23-25.] CRASIS AND ELISION. 
 
 PARAGOGE AND APOCOPE. 
 
 13 / 
 
 33. Paragoge is the adding one or more letters to the 
 end of a word. E. g. 
 
 , IsTtvt, for T/TTOT, Uis. 
 
 NOTE 1. The uneducated often annex i to nouns and pronouns ending in v : 
 as, fio'Siavt, TOM (enclitic), for fiotiiuv, TOV. 
 
 / NOTE 2. In the time of Ptochoprodromus (A. D. 115O), the annexing of v 
 
 to words ending ]D a-v^wel - was.-. very, common j as, vr^K'yp.u.v, 'tQogitv, fTt- 
 
 :. Apocope is the cutting off of one or more letters 
 from the end of a word. E. g. 
 
 xoaa/, %a)Qoi(pi for xgaalov, %o)Qacpiov 
 |uAo, i'xovps, nah " vlov, fyopw, nothv. 
 
 NOTE 1 . The mass of the people generally drop v at the end of a word. 
 
 NOTE 2. The proclitics TOV, TW, before a noun, are by the uneducated 
 changed into TO, TV, before 0, 7, 3, 9-, <p, %, A, p, v, g. E. g. 
 
 TO fietou, TW ya,T<& for TOV fietgvv, TWV yotTttv 
 
 TO 'SidfioKo, TVI Sioi *' TOV 
 
 TO Xoya, TV) Ni^ai'^a " TOV Xoyov, TYIV T&t^eifltc* %J* QJ" TBS 
 The adverbs ^sv and pjv very often follow the analogy oiluies&artflkws*"! *n C T 
 
 --~~ , -^=r J V IS I V * w A 
 
 CRASIS AND 
 
 S5. 1. When the proclitics TO, TO', T, ^uov, aou, TOV, #', 
 and r, are followed by a vowel, a contraction (called crasis) 
 takes place, which consists simply in the omission of the weak- 
 er vowel-sound. 
 
 In this, case the strongest vowel-sound is , next ov, next o, 
 next e, and the weakest of all is i. 
 
 When the same sound is repeated, it makes no difference 
 which of the two is dropped. The omission of the first, how- 
 ever, seems to be more natural. E. g. 
 
 T VojUCCTtt for T OVOfJLOiTa 
 
 " in 
 
 TO pQiaxa TO 
 
 TO 'dapsv " TO ffiapt* 
 
 " &a 
 2 
 
14 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [ 26, 27. 
 
 T' axovot for TO axovu 
 T' ovo/ict " TO oro/ztt 
 
 T' oua'oi> " TOV OVQUVOV. 
 
 2. The same rule applies also to fyta, nov, and T/, when they 
 stand before ct^uat, with this exception, that T/ does not lose i. 
 E.g. 
 
 fw 'Ut for f' 
 
 r aat i aat. 
 
 NOTE. There are those who, in imitation of the ancient*, unite the proclitic 
 to the word following, and place the coronis ( ' ) over the contracted syllables ; 
 
 aS, TUXOV6I, TCVOfJLO, for TO O.XOVU, TO 019(4.*.. 
 
 Others, most absurdly, write the accent and the breathing of the omitted 
 syllable over the place which it once occupied ; as, v r ^ for to, %*, TO r i/ 
 for Tt 
 
 2G. The final vowel-sound in many cases may be 
 dropped by elision, when the next word begins with a vowel; 
 in which case the apostrophe (' ) is put over the vacant place. 
 E. g. 
 
 TT* Ida for 7To fdu 
 
 (ji 9 (xtlvovg " [ 
 
 xlv' arjdovdxi " 
 
 NOTE 1. The preposition are and a few other words may drop their final 
 vowel also before the accusative of the article ; as, *' TO /, ' <rj *c^>j. 
 
 Also the verbal endings t, u, and j may be dropped before the accusative of 
 the article ; as, fr% TO %ievi, for pjfy. 
 
 NOTE 2. The conjunction xui drops / before E and I ; as, *' i^'we, V 
 t*riTi' Before A, O, and OT, it may be changed into xt ' as xt eixouffa., x] 
 oXaj, *< ovfuvtet, pronounced by synizesis xnixovtra,, xiaXcts, xiav^civuK. 
 
 There are those who write *' before all the vowels ; but this changes the pro- 
 nunciation of xeti before , , ev : thus, x' a*i$v, x' {&, x ovgeimet, cannot be 
 pronounced XIKTI^U^ xiuga, xtovgdtiat, as they should be, but take the sound of 
 xci-rilu, xt*K, xoueivict t which would be unintelligible to a Greek. 
 
 Others write xi\ and some xi before et, e, eu. They should remember, how- 
 ever, that there is no elision in this case, but simply a change of the sound E 
 into the sound I, which does not affect the original accent of the word. 
 
 COMMUTATION OF LETTERS. 
 
 27. In this section, the Romaic, as spoken by the mass 
 of the people, is compared with the Greek. 
 
$ 27.] COMMUTATION OF LETTERS. 15 
 
 1. A is often used for E and : as, uyyl^w, addly, rlnora, 
 for tyyl(o, atdjuiij, xlnois '. apovw, aQfjtldi, arj^fQa, from 
 
 2. The mass of the people change ava and sva into i// and 
 ey respectively : that is, they change the sound & before a into 
 n : as, xdyrj, Ixwj^s, tpaolfaipe, for xavaig, txavoe, tfiaolfavas. 
 
 3. When the diphthong tv loses by aphaeresis, v is changed 
 into /? or 9, in order to preserve its original sound ; as, potyye- 
 Jiio, /5^/ffxo), for ivayythov, evglaxw cpjyvog, cpnavw, for tv&riro?, 
 
 11 d ft Ot. 
 
 In ayivivig, for av&svTrjg, the v becomes qp after the omission 
 of #. 
 
 4. In a few instances /S is used for p : as, ^/?'5, /5y^Vw, 
 from %ij[iri, jui;^w. 
 
 5. In a few instances ^ is used for 12 : as, yUnu, yUcpaqo, 
 "EyQin<a, for jiSAeTrw, {ftscpaQOV, Evginog. 
 
 6. is often used for the sound /, and sometimes for O : as, 
 
 MQVW, xfQt, [idytQus, for yvgvw, xtpw, xrjgl, (utyttQttf : 
 , syig, from "Olvpnog, oy>6. 
 
 7. In a few instances is used for 5 or a: as, 0xa'J*, 
 fc', from dogxd?, opadi (opadog) : OXCIQI, from a6y%oq. 
 
 8. Very often the sound E is changed into t : as, nlio, 
 from nUof, prjUa : yQid, 'Efigiog, Spvyviog, for ygnlct, 'E 
 
 9. After a, * is generally changed into x : as, ax/o>, 
 for 
 
 On the other hand, x before T is generally changed into % : 
 VI, acpi%rog, for 
 
 10. Sometimes A is used for v or 0: as, Tr/l^oX fr m 
 juwv : O&ETQI, o^A5a, TiAw^, from UQOTQOV, #?, 
 
 On the other hand, Q is often used for A : a 
 'Povcpsiag, from 
 
 11. M, in a few instances, is used for B: as, axapvog, Fid- 
 or z/taxWjU^c, James, EfivooTog, hdfira), from ^avvo?, Ya'xw- 
 
 ci/Voaro?, 
 
 12. O is often used for e : as, "O/ff^io?, opoQcpog, 6'lw, from 
 Eftgnlog, fv^ 
 
16 LETTERS AND SYLLABLES. [ 27. 
 
 In three or four instances, after has been changed into o, 
 an i is put before o in order to preserve the original sound of 
 the consonant preceding: ^toqpvjpc, yiofta, hpiovag, for ytcpvgt, 
 yspa, hpsvag. 
 
 13. Very often ov is used for 0, and often for lor v : as, 
 unuvov, xovxxt, from anavw, xo'xxo? : ouAtw, jrot^va^u, for TJ- 
 Acvw, ngivdgi : xoi'Hoc, /uovaraxt, from xvMoc, ^uaittj. 
 
 14. After ^, and in some other instances, n is used for /5 : 
 as, ttvaaxoi^Tioyw, i^nalvWy from aya xo///?o?, f^Salvw. 
 
 15. The uneducated generally change # after a, </>, or ^, 
 and also 5 after v, into T : as, tax/azTjxa, ^qpT7jxa, eAfvrf^o?, 
 iiivdzTrjxa, uviQceg, for la^ta^Tjxa, t/^aqp^^xa, tltv&fQo? (pro- 
 nounced U'<]p&fOc), 
 
 NOTE 1. In the aorist of xa9-/^, S is changed into <r after ^ has been 
 dropped '. thus, sxaSiffa, ?*aS-a-, ?*<zT0 i or txaro-a. 
 
 16. T^ is often used for x, XT, , a, ax, or T : as, Ta/^a, for 
 x/^Aa, uTalda from txx/^, TawqrJlo/o from !'w (jpAoioc, raovfidli from 
 law /SaAAw, TTETCJ/ from neaxog, ractyyog from jay yog. 
 
 NOTE 2. In some parts of Greece (as in Crete), the uneducated change * 
 before E or I into T<T: as, rfftti l\v T<rvT<rd%tis, for *) Jb xwrra'^i/j. 
 
 17. <Z> is sometimes used for # : as, a^/gD^ro?, aidyvr], qpj- 
 or (povxagi, from mraQi&pifios, aiw^^, T^JJX^. 
 
 Further, the uneducated generally use qo for ?r before T : as, 
 
 , for 711711(0, 
 
PART II. 
 INFLECTION OF WORDS 
 
 PARTS OF SPEECH. 
 
 28. 1. The declinable parts of speech are 
 the noun, the article, the pronoun, the verb, and 
 the participle. 
 
 2. The indeclinable parts of speech are the 
 adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the 
 interjection. 
 
 The declinable parts of speech have hvo 
 NUMBERS ; the singular and the plural. 
 
 NOUN. 
 
 ^ 3O. 1. Nouns are grammatically divided into 
 substantive and adjective. 
 
 Substantives are divided into proper and com- 
 mon. 
 
 2. The noun has three GENDERS ; the masculine, 
 the feminine, and the neuter. 
 
 The genders are, in grammar, distinguished by 
 the articles, 6, 7}, TO, respectively ; as, 6 avdgas, 
 man, rj yvraixa, ivoman, TO ipapi, bread. 
 
 3. There are three DECLENSIONS of nouns ; the 
 first, second, and third. 
 
 2* 
 
18 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 31 
 
 4. The CASES are four ; the nominative, genitive, 
 accusative, and vocative. 
 
 NOTE. The dative occurs only in some Greek phrases ; as r^os revreis, t 
 , Iv -retoc^tf. 
 
 5. All neuters have three of their cases alike ; 
 the nominative, accusative, and vocative ; which 
 cases in the plural always end in a. 
 
 6. The vocative in the plural is always like the 
 nominative. 
 
 FIRST DECLENSION. 
 
 ^31. The following table exhibits the endings 
 of the first declension. 
 
 S. Feminine. Masculine. 
 
 N. at n as us 
 
 G. as, us IS a, ov n, eu 
 
 A. ay, a, n, n ay, a jv, n 
 
 V. a r, a , 
 
 P. 
 
 N. a;, ais at, ais, a$is at, a/,-, a5tf, rtiif 
 
 G. ft/y uv, a$*iy ay, eiluv, rduv 
 
 A. a;, aii a;, 0,1;, ci^is as, ais, K^IS, n$is 
 
 V. eu, ats ai, ais, aSts '> '> '^;, I^E; 
 
 NOTE 1. The endings aSi; and >j5y are borrowed from the third declension, 
 are sometimes incorrectly written a'Sats, n'Sais. 
 
 NOTB 2. There are those who write ibis for tdis, as %a,Tff*s %arfftss, %aftei- 
 Xjf ^a^aXiJff. But as the v is part of the root, it ought not to be changed 
 in the plural. v 
 
 NOTE 3. Some write is in the nominative plural, and KIS in the accusative; 
 as 5 rtfAts, T/J npais. The ending /y for ?, they say, is ^Eolic. But then 
 they ought to change evs into eis in the second declension, which would be 
 absurd. Further, tus was not pronounced ts by the ^olians. 
 
 In reality, the Romaic accusative plural in the first declension is the same 
 as the nominative. (Compare all the neuters, the Greek dual, and the plural 
 of the Latin third declension.) We observe, further, that the illiterate generally 
 make no distinction between the nominative and accusative plural in the second 
 declension. Thus, they say ffxorufavi aX to* Xj/r/va/, for iffxeruffet* oKovs 
 rev; ^fifnxveu;, they have killed all the Christians. 
 
$32.] 
 
 FIRST DECLENSION. 
 
 19 
 
 Ferainines in a make the genitive in qs. 
 But when a is preceded by a vowel or g, they 
 make the genitive in as. 
 
 The mass of the people, however, always make the genitive 
 in ag. And in nouns derived from the third declension (as 
 the genitive never ends in rjg. 
 
 & 
 
 r\ (muse) 
 
 P. 
 
 (muses) 
 
 N. 
 
 fiovaa 
 
 N. 
 
 [iova-ai, ftovaaig 
 
 G. 
 
 [Aova-ijg, -ag 
 
 G. 
 
 [tovawv 
 
 A. 
 
 fjiova-av, -a 
 
 A. 
 
 fiova-ag, povaaig 
 
 V. 
 
 fiovoa 
 
 V. 
 
 pova-at, fiovaaig 
 
 8. 
 
 f) (sea) 
 
 P. 
 
 (seas) 
 
 N. 
 
 vOfAofffCTOf 
 
 N. 
 
 frahaoo-tti, -aig 
 
 G. 
 
 o'af.ad'fjg, 9'tt/>ao(jag 
 
 G. 
 
 <&akaaa<av 
 
 A. 
 
 frdkaaa-av, -a 
 
 A. 
 
 &nJia(jGotg, ^Ac 
 
 V. 
 
 ddlaaaa 
 
 V. 
 
 d~akaao-ai, aig 
 
 8. 
 
 y (house) 
 
 P. 
 
 (houses) 
 
 N. 
 
 oljtlce 
 
 N. 
 
 oixl-ai, -aig 
 
 G. 
 
 oixlag 
 
 G. 
 
 01% 10>V 
 
 A. 
 
 oixl-av, -a 
 
 A. 
 
 oiKi-ag, -aig 
 
 V. 
 
 olxla 
 
 V. 
 
 olxl-ai,. -aig 
 
 S. 
 
 ^ (joy) 
 
 P. 
 
 (joys) 
 
 N. 
 
 %aod 
 
 N. 
 
 %ao-al, -aig 
 
 G. 
 
 Xagag 
 
 G. 
 
 %<XQOJV 
 
 A. 
 
 %aQ-ttV, -a 
 
 A. 
 
 X^Q-dg, -aig 
 
 V. 
 
 %aga 
 
 V. 
 
 XoiQ-al, -aig 
 
 8. 
 
 % (honor) 
 
 P. 
 
 (honors) 
 
 N. 
 
 11^ 
 
 N. 
 
 Tifi-al, -aig 
 
 G. 
 
 Tt^rjg 
 
 G. 
 
 TlfJlWV 
 
 A. 
 
 T/^-7jV, -rj 
 
 A. 
 
 Tifi-dg, -aig 
 
 V. 
 
 tifj,^ 
 
 V. 
 
 itfi-al, -aig 
 
 5TK. 
 
 The following feminines may 
 
 have etiis, 
 
 eti*>v, in the plural : 
 
 xug-d, lady, almost always 
 fteivvK, mother^ f*tavva,oif or ftK 
 oxci, oka, always oxadts. 
 
20 
 
 INFLECTION OP WORDS. 
 
 ^33. Masculines in as with the circumflex on 
 the last syllable, or with the acute on the penult, 
 generally have ddes in the plural. 
 
 Masculines in qs with the circumflex on the last 
 syllable have rjdes in the plural. 
 
 S. o (steward) 
 
 N. TUfilag 
 
 G. rapl-ov, -a 
 
 A. Tapi-av, -a 
 
 V. Tp' 
 
 S. o (priest) 
 N. nandg 
 G. nand 
 A. nan-dv, -d 
 V. nand 
 
 S. o (elder) 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 & o (disciple) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 -r 
 
 $. o (peasant) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 -rj 
 
 S. o (imam) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 -uig 
 
 P. (stewards) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. TttiUt-ftC, tttC 
 
 V. ruui-ai, -aig 
 
 P. (priests) 
 
 N. nanddsg 
 
 G. nanddaiv 
 
 A. 7ia7ra<5 
 
 V. nanddeg 
 
 P. (elders) 
 
 N. ytgovrddsg 
 
 G. yEyovid8(av 
 
 V. ^0T<5 
 
 P. (disciples) 
 
 N. jua^jT-a/, -ddsg 
 
 G. (ja&rjT-uv, -ddtav 
 
 V. pa&r]T-al, -ddtg 
 
 -aig 
 
 P. (peasants) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. xtaQwi-ag, -aig 
 
 V. ^wotaT-at, -at j 
 
 P. (imams) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
34, 35.] FIRST DECLENSION. 21 
 
 S. o (Iwjee) P. (hajees) 
 
 N. xaiayg N. %uTar t dfg 
 
 G. xmar] G. x ara ^ (av 
 
 A. ;fTa-7ji>, -77 A. ^azaijdss 
 
 V. %(XTar] V. %onarjdfg 
 
 NOTE 1 . The educated often form the vocative singular of nous in rtjg , /- 
 Tj?, and vu*.v$, after the manner of the ancients. (See Soph. Greek Gram. 
 31. 4.) 
 
 34. 1. Some nouns in ag and rig unaccented follow the 
 analogy of the second declension in the plural. E. g. 
 , PI. daipovoi, docifiovtav, ditipovovg, devil 
 " paaiogoi, [jLCiaiOQmv, ^aotogovg, artist. 
 
 2. Some nouns in ag and yg unaccented, especially proper 
 names, form the plural by changing ag and rjg into aloi. E. g. 
 
 Tactfo'kag, PI. TavfitJialoi, otlcav, aiovg, Tsabhelas 
 KokoxoTgovqg, " KoloxoTQOvaioi, alwv, ctlovg, Kolocotrones. 
 
 3. A few nouns in ag follow the analogy of the second 
 declension in the genitive singular also. E. g. 
 
 , xogaxov, PI. xogaxoi, dxwv, dxovg, crow. 
 
 NOTE. TlaVaj, the Pope, has ra<rj$u in the plural. The learned however 
 usually say, or rather write, at !/. 
 
 Masculines in ', and feminines in ', derived chiefly 
 from the Turkish, are inflected in the following manner. 
 
 8. o (coffee) P. (coffees') 
 
 N. ttaysg N. xacpedsg 
 
 G. xacps G. %txyid(av 
 
 A. xacp-sv, -s A. xacpt'dsg 
 
 V. x(jps V. 
 
 S. % (Fatmth) P. (Fatntehs) 
 
 N. (puTfis N. 
 
 G. <Z>T|U? G. 
 
 A. 3>(XT[t-tv, -8 A. 
 
 V. *&aTte V. 
 
 Nouns in f? unaccented, as o ndyeg, father, o 
 Daponte, have no plural. 
 
V 
 
 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 36, 37. 
 
 SECOND DECLENSION. 
 
 The following table exhibits the endings 
 of the second declension. 
 
 S. Masculine. Fern. Neuter. 
 
 N. ts evs es 0v, / 
 
 G. ev ev ev ev tov 
 
 A. 0y, a 0w, tv ev 0>, i 
 
 V. t, ev ( fly, / 
 
 P. 
 
 N. 
 
 A. 0v; wf a /a 
 
 V. 0< 0< a * 
 
 NOTE 1. The ending i comes, by syncope, from tn : as irtrnoi, from icfrn- 
 j/v, cu/7 ; f/3^/, from pxfioiiv, stick. 
 
 In Cyprus this ending takes v: as ffirdoiv, petxiv, for firei^i, wheat, p*xl, 
 brandy. In strictness, however, <v is older than /. It may be observed here, 
 that Ptochoprodromus always uses /, 
 
 NOTE 2. The vocative masculine in is restricted chiefly to some proper 
 names and national appellatives. . g. 
 
 ntTj0 f , Tlir^e for Hir^i, Peter 
 
 Teuoxa;, Tauotto " TCVOKI, Turk. 
 
 NOTE 3. The endings vye, w, of the genitive plural are not used by the 
 educated. 
 
 . 1. The greater number of nouns in os 
 are masculine. All nouns in ov and t are neuter. 
 
 S. o (hare) P. (hares) 
 
 N. Aa^oV N. layoi 
 
 G. layov G. \aywv 
 
 A. lay-ov, -6 A. 
 
 V. As V. 
 
 5. o (word) P. (words) 
 
 N. >Lo/o? N. }.6yot, 
 
 G. Ao'^ov G. lo'/wv 
 
 A. ioy-oy, -o A. loyovg 
 
 V. id V. 
 
37.] 
 
 SECOND DECLENSION. 
 
 8. o (death) 
 
 N. frdvcuog 
 
 G. <&avdtov, ddvaiov 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 S. y (island) 
 N. vyaos 
 G. vyaov 
 A. vr^oov 
 V. 
 
 & TO (water") 
 N. yf^-oV, -o 
 G. yf^ov 
 
 A. y-oV, -0 
 
 V. vsg-ov, -o 
 
 . 10 (sword) 
 N. cr7ra#/ 
 
 G. O7HX&-IOV, -10V 
 A. OTICt&l 
 
 V. 
 
 , -to 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. XttQClfit 
 
 V. 
 
 P. (deaths} 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 
 P. (islands) 
 
 N. vr\GQi 
 
 G. vrjatov 
 
 A. yjy'aovs 
 
 V. vfjaot, 
 
 P. (waters) 
 
 N. wi< 
 
 G. yS^HUV 
 
 A. y^ 
 
 V. vsgd 
 
 P. (swords) 
 
 N. ana&-iat, -id 
 
 G. vna&-lwv, -iwv 
 
 A. anafr-la, -id 
 
 V. anud-ia, -id 
 
 P. (ships) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 NOTE 1. Forms like Savetrov, ^vara/, for Svara/, 9-vaT, are not much 
 used by the educated. 
 
 2. All substantives in ovs are masculine, and 
 want the plural. E. g. 
 
 Tianovg, G. TTWTTOI;, A. TraTr-ovv, -ov, V. nnnov, grandfather. 
 
 NOTE 2. The ending w is by the mass of the people changed into if, in 
 which case the noun is declined after the analogy of the first declension ; as 
 Fcwgy-w, ->j, -HV, -, from Ytugyios, George. 
 
 Some write /j for us, inasmuch as the sound 12 is formed simply by dropping 
 the of its. It is evident, however, that there is a change of declension here. 
 Further, this orthography introduces some strange endings, as, Barfcw for 
 I3a<r//.jy, from Baf/Xufff, Basil. 
 
 NOTE 2. The ending eg of feminities of this declension is, by the mass of the 
 
24 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 38-41. 
 
 people, changed into u, in which case the analogy of the third declension is 
 followed. E. g. 
 
 G. apftvs, A. apu.iv, for ifjt.fi.es, sand 
 
 G. 'Ptius, A. 
 
 There are those who write a for u, as, "Ey^a-a, TJJ; *Eyg/<rf, Negroponte, 
 fi n, rji; Hcigos, Paros j which looks odd enough. 
 
 3 8. Verbal nouns in tpov follow the analogy 
 of the third Declension in the genitive singular, and 
 in all the cases of the plural. 
 
 S. TO (writing) P. (writings) 
 
 N. ygdyip-ov, -o N. 
 
 G. yQayifiUTog G. 
 
 A. ygdytfi-ov, -o A. 
 
 V. diji-or, -o V. 
 
 NOTE. "AXayan, Aorie, Sni^av, dream, and irgofetx'ov, face, may follow the 
 analogy of nouns in <^9v in the plural ; as, aXyT, ovs/gf r 
 
 39. A few names of places end in w?. They are of the 
 feminine gender, and want the plural. E. g. 
 Kus, G. KW, A. Kwv, Cos 
 Kt<o$, G. Kso), A. KfW, Ceos or Cca. 
 
 The mass of the people, however, follow the analogy of the 
 third declension ; as, r) Kut, TTJS Kwg, ft,v Ku. 
 
 4:0. The following nouns, as used by the mass of the 
 people, are masculine in the singular, and neuter in the plural : 
 
 , word 
 og, [*VCX)M, brain 
 
 ], wealth^ riches 
 year. 
 
 THIRD DECLENSION. 
 
 41. The terminations of the third declension, 
 that is, the letters added to the root to mark the 
 different cases, are the following. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 S. 
 
 All Genders. P. Masc- $ Fein. 
 
 N. 
 
 s, 
 
 N. 
 
 t; 
 
 G. 
 
 o;, us 
 
 G. 
 
 M 
 
 A. 
 
 a, v 
 
 A. 
 
 as 
 
 V. 
 
 h 
 
 V. 
 
 tf 
 
$] 
 
 THIRD DECLENSION. 
 
 Examples. 
 
 S. TO (thing-) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 S. o (giant) 
 
 N. ^? 
 
 G. ylyaviog 
 A. ylyavia 
 V. 
 
 . ^ (quantity) 
 
 TTOtfOTTJ? 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 ^. o (crow) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 xogaxo? 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 S. 5 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 ^J (/Ol) 
 
 i-ovy, -ou 
 
 P. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. n y y par a 
 
 V. 
 
 P. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 P. (quantities) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A . 
 V. 
 
 
 P. (hopes) 
 
 N. fta/def 
 
 G. ^/3wv 
 
 A. i\n!8aq 
 
 V. ^w/^eff 
 
 P. (crows) 
 
 N. xopaxeg 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 P. (fishes) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. i%&vag 
 
 V. 
 
 (/<) 
 

 INFLECTION OF 
 
 WORDS. 
 
 S.o 
 
 (vulture) 
 
 P. (vultures) 
 
 N. 
 
 r*f 
 
 N. yvnsg 
 
 G. 
 
 yvnog 
 
 G. yvnwv 
 
 A. 
 
 yvna 
 
 A. yvnag 
 
 V. 
 
 yvy 
 
 V. yvnsg 
 
 Of e 
 
 (Mary) 
 
 
 N. 
 
 MttQiya 
 
 Nouns in w, 
 
 G. 
 
 MviQi/ug 
 
 G. MS, have 
 
 A. 
 
 Mi*Qiyw 
 
 no plural. 
 
 V. 
 
 MaQiyw 
 
 
 S.o 
 
 (winter) 
 
 P. (winters) 
 
 N. 
 
 Xfiptav 
 
 N" 
 Xfipwvtg 
 
 G. 
 
 Zsipwvog 
 
 G. xtinuruv 
 
 A. 
 
 Xtiliwva 
 
 A. x i p (in ' (/l ? 
 
 V. 
 
 Xiipuv 
 
 V. x*W't? 
 
 S. 
 
 (lion) 
 
 -p / ij nn \ 
 
 N. 
 
 titav 
 
 N. JisovTfg 
 
 G. 
 
 IsovTog 
 
 G. ACOJ'TWV 
 
 A. 
 
 Isovia 
 
 A. JieovTug 
 
 V. 
 
 kiov 
 
 V. Af'oyicc 
 
 [ 42. 
 
 42. The following table exhibits the changeable part 
 of the nominative, and also the gender of nouns of the third 
 declension. 
 
 a Gen. TO?, neuter. But yalat, /a'Aaxro?, milk. 
 
 av avog masculine, aviog neuter. There are no neuter 
 
 substantives in av. 
 
 ag aiog neuter, adog masculine or feminine. 
 SIQ fiQog, only o CP&EIQ, louse, and ^ %tiQ, hand. 
 f ig evTog, masculineT No substantives. The numeral elg, 
 
 one, has evog. 
 tv >TOC, neuter. No substantives. The numeral tv has 
 
 evog. 
 
 eg ovg, neuter. No substantives. 
 svg sag, masculine. 
 
 ^ y r { vog, fvog, masculine, seldom feminine. 
 yo i)Qog, masculine, 5510^ masculine or feminine. See also 
 
 below ( 43. 4). 
 rig yiog, ovg, masculine or feminine. Abstract nouns in 
 
 rrig (as noaotqs) are always feminine. 
 
42.] THIRD DECLENSION. 27 
 
 i nog, only TO [ish, fiehrog. 
 
 t? l 0?) ilo?) tfog, ivog, twg, commonly feminine, but never 
 
 neuter. 
 I xo?) y 0?t xo?> commonly masculine, but never neuter. 
 
 !^Ao)7ri}|, rj t changes 77 into s in the oblique cases, as, Aw- 
 
 TTSX-O?, -?. IVu$, ^, night, has G. yvxioV 
 ov ot>Tog, neuter. Only participles, 
 o? ovg t neuter. 
 ov ovg, feminine. This ending is a modification of the 
 
 Greek w, G. o'o?, contracted ovg. 
 O w ovvrog, neuter participles. The compounds of novg 
 
 have odog, as, dlnovv, dlnodog. 
 
 ovg oo?, only o ftovg, fioog, and o vovc, voog. The com- 
 pounds of novg have odog, as dlnovg, dinodog, twofooted. 
 
 Names of cities in ovg are almost always feminine, and have 
 
 G. ovvrog, as, r) TQcmf'^ovg, ovi'iog, Trapezus. 
 v eng, neuter. Chiefly adjectives. 
 VQ VQog, only TO nvg, nvQog, Jire. 
 v$ vog, vdog, vvog, tog or sag, masculine or feminine. 
 ^ 7lo?} p 0?) commonly masculine, but never neuter, 
 w ovg, dig, feminine. 
 uv (avog, ovog, masculine or feminine, ovrog masculine, 
 
 wvrog masculine or neuter participles, ovvjog masculine 
 
 participles. 
 
 tog o0, masculine. 
 og (oog, oiTog, masculine. 
 
 NOTE 1. The Romaic, as spoken by the mass of the people, changes the 
 accusative singular of feminines, and the accusative plural of masculines, into a 
 new nominative; and then the noun follows the analogy of the first declension. 
 E.g. 
 
 Aa^waj, K$O; ft Xxf^fcioct Gen. XaftTTxotz.;, candle 
 
 %w, jjva? '/i %wa, %4vtxs, goose 
 
 fas V iXi'J " Ufri2$, hope 
 
 eivas o riroivcts rirdvx, Titan 
 
 , avros o y'lyaira? yiyavra, giant 
 
 %(>u;, utf 6 li/iiuaf %gaa, hero. 
 
 There are those who form only the nominative in this way. E. g. 
 vu| fi vvx.ro., Gen vvxrot, vvxra, VVXTIS, vvxrav, vuxrag, night. 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated change n; and is of feminines into y, and then 
 follow the analogy of the first declension, in all the cases except the genitive 
 plural. E. g. 
 
 ?j /3j8flT? Gen. fiugfiugorvs, barbarity 
 civo<%t] ' " avoids , the spring. 
 
INFLECTION OF WORDS. 
 
 [$43. 
 
 In words like vj, some write / instead of *, which necessarily introduces 
 the odd genitive in /?, as TVS 
 
 NOTE 3. The mass of the people change i; of masculine nouns into f, and 
 decline the noun after the manner of the first declension. Further, they inflect 
 nouns in m after the analogy of the same declension. E. g. 
 IT^j Tide*; Gen. !!?, Paris 
 "Ajaj " "Afn, Mars. 
 
 NOTE 4. A few masculines in &>v change this ending into ,-, and follow the 
 analogy of the second declension. E. g. 
 
 yioujt yi/>6s Gen. yi^ou, old man 
 " Xa^flu, Death. 
 
 vs, G. urof, becomes XotffTos, cv t the chief magistrate of a village, or 
 the prior of a monastery. 
 
 \ 
 
 NOTE 5. The illiterate change arj, of neuters in a, into KTOO. E. g. 
 y gap, pet, G. yafift.et<rov, for y^a/t^araj, letter. 
 
 NOTE 6. Kif, re, /torn, becomes xtgara*, to, a noun of the second de- 
 clension. 
 
 43. 1. Nouns in ?/g, fg, G. oi/g: t/g, v, G. fos: 
 and *g, svs, G. fog, are inflected as follows. 
 
 o,fi(te) 
 
 P. (^we) 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 & o (sweet) P. (sweet) 
 N. ^vxv? N. 
 
 G. ytoxioq G. 
 A. ylvxvv A. 
 V. vAvxv V. 
 
 N. TZoif? 
 
 G. TIo'Afft) 
 
 A. Ttohv 
 
 V. TTo'At 
 
 P. (Vlf5) 
 
 N. TToAfi? 
 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 . TO (true) P. (true) 
 
 N. >Uj#EV N. 
 
 G. ai^^ov? G. 
 
 A. aA^^e'i? A. 
 
 V. A77#'C V. 
 
 5f. TO (sweet) P. (sweet) 
 
 N. yiuxi; N. ykvxea 
 
 G. ^Avxf'oj G. ylvxswv 
 
 A. ^Avxv A. ylvxict 
 
 V. ^ylt'xv V. ylvxta 
 
 V. 
 
 ^. o (knight) P. 
 
 N. tWTTft? N. 
 
 G. Inniwg G. 
 
 A. tTTTIE'a A. 
 
 v. iTiTifi; v. 
 
 (knights) 
 
 inntfav 
 
 Inntlg 
 
 Inniig 
 
 2. Proper names in xhrjs have xhlovs in the 
 genitive ; as 6 r Hgaxhrjs, G. f Hgaxheovs, Hercules. 
 
44, 45.] INDECLINABLE NOUNS. 29 
 
 3. Feminines in eJ, G. ovg, in the plural follow 
 the analogy of the second declension. E. g. 
 
 S. $ (echo) P. (echoes) 
 
 N. ^w N. 7#o/ 
 
 G. ifooi/ff G. 
 
 A. ?w A. 
 
 4. A T otJs, Ttairig, piJTiiQ, and ftvydxrig, are in- 
 flected in the following manner. 
 
 o you?, wind 1 , G. yooff, voi;, A. i/ow, V. yov, P/. voeg, vomv, voag, 
 
 voeg. 
 o nairjQ, father, G. nonQog, A. najsga, V. TKXTSQ, PL 
 
 , mother, G. fiiftgog t A. py-iega, V. (iijjfQ, PL 
 
 air t Q t daughter, G. dvyanQog, A. &vycniQtt, V. 
 PI. dvyaiigeg, 
 
 INDECLINABLE NOUNS. 
 
 44. Indeclinable nouns are those which have but one 
 form for all the genders, numbers, and cases. Such are 
 
 1 . The names of the letters of the alphabet ; as, TO, iov Aqp, 
 alpha. 
 
 NOTE. The names of letters are sometimes declined ; as, ft Xa/3$, r5? 
 Aa/3$j, 5 Xa/S^a/j, for TO Xa'^a/JSa, lambda. 
 
 2. The cardinal numbers, from five to one hundred inclu- 
 sive ; as, ol, a.1, T, TCOV <5'x, <cw. 
 
 3. All foreign names not Grecized ; as, o, iov, rbv, M(ad[ii&, 
 Mohammed, Bnaiyyiwv, Washington. 
 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 ^ 45. 1. In adjectives of three endings, the 
 feminine is always of the first declension ; the mas- 
 culine and neuter are either of the second, or of 
 the third. 
 
 3* 
 
30 INFLECTION OP WORDS. [ 46. 
 
 2. Adjectives of two endings are either of the 
 second or of the third declension ; the feminine is 
 the same with the masculine. 
 
 3. Adjectives of one ending are either of the first 
 or of the third declension. As to gender, they are 
 either masculine or feminine. 
 
 ADJECTIVES IN O g AND ovg. 
 
 ^ 46. 1. Adjectives in os have three endings, 
 os, ??, ov : as aocpos, aocpij, aocpov, wise. 
 
 But when os is preceded by a vowel or by p, 
 the feminine ends in a : as a|tos, a|ta, a|*oi>, wor- 
 thy ; xa&aoos, xa&agd, xa&agov, clean. The mass 
 of the people, however, make the feminine in a 
 only when os is preceded by a vowel. 
 
 N. aoqiog aotpr) aoy-ov, -o 
 
 G. aocpov ao<pr t g ooqpou 
 
 A. aoqp-ov, -o aucp-rfV, -17 aoqp-or, -o 
 
 V. aoop JOCP73 aocp-or, -6 
 
 N. oocfol (jo<f>-txl, -alg oo<fot 
 
 G. aoqpwv aoqccoy aoqxav 
 
 A. oocpovg ao(f-ag, -alg oo(fd 
 
 V. ao(pol aoqp-at, -alg aocpd 
 
 G. a*iov, oc^iov alctg, a^ivtg 
 
 A. a^i-QVf -o ct^lav, a$iav u^i-ov, -o 
 
 N. ci$iot u$i-ai, -aig a|ta 
 
 A. a^/ous, a&ovg ctSlag, a$iatg 
 
 V. a'tot a$i-ai, -aug 
 
 2. When the accent is on the antepenult, the 
 educated commonly make the feminine like the 
 masculine ; as 6, rf rjav%os, rj<jv%ov. The mass of 
 
47-49.] ADJECTIVES. 31 
 
 the people pay no regard to this rule ; as rj<tv%os, 
 ?> ifev%ov 9 quiet. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. v\vv%-Qv t -o rfovx-ov, -o 
 
 V. ijavjfs ^avx-ov, -o 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 NOTE. With the mass of the people, the accent of the masculine nominative 
 of adjectives in es never changes its place. 
 
 ^ 47. Adjectives in ovs have three endings, ovs, 
 ^, ovv : as %QVGOVS, %gvarj, xgvtiovv, golden. 
 
 When ovs is preceded by Q, the feminine ends 
 in a .- as dgyvgovs, dgyvgd, agyvgovv. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 
 NOTE. The mass of the people invariably change tug, ti, ovv, into is, , ov 
 or : as 
 
 ADJECTIVES IN 
 
 48. Adjectives in ys have two endings, 
 
 
 and es : as 6, i\ ctA?/#??$, TO aA^^f g, true, for the 
 inflection of which, see above (^ 43. 1). 
 
 NOTE. Adjectives in rts are used chiefly by the learned. The uneducated 
 change the declension, or use a synonyme ; as ZftttSof, u, , for etfAuSff, igno- 
 rant ; ukuSivos, n, , 
 
 ADJECTIVES IN v s . 
 
 ^ 49. Adjectives in vs have three endings, vs, 
 aa, v : as, yhvxvs, yhvxeia, yhvxv, sweet. 
 
3'2 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 50, 51. 
 
 N. 
 
 y\vxvg 
 
 ylvx-fia, -fid 
 
 y'kvxv 
 
 G. 
 
 ylvx-iog, -v, -vov 
 
 yji.vx-tlag, -fiug 
 
 ylvxtog 
 
 A. 
 
 ylvx-vv, -v 
 
 ylvx-fiar, -fid 
 
 ylvxv 
 
 V. 
 
 ykvxv 
 
 ylvx-fla, -fid 
 
 ylvxi> 
 
 N. 
 
 yXvxfig 
 
 ylvx-ticu, -tialg 
 
 y).i'x-s'a, -id 
 
 G. 
 
 ykvxiwv 
 
 ylvxfiuv 
 
 '//.vxitov 
 
 A. 
 
 ylvxilg 
 
 ykvx-dag, -tialg 
 
 ^ii'x-g'rt, -id 
 
 V. 
 
 y).vxfig 
 
 ylvx-fiai, -fialg 
 
 ylvx-e'a, -id 
 
 The endings vov, ace, stag, sialg, id, are always contracted by 
 synizesis. 
 
 ADJECTIVES IN uv , AND PARTICIPLES 
 
 IN ag, fig, cov. 
 
 5O. Adjectives in av, G. oj/os, have two end- 
 ings, av, ov : as 6, ?; deiaiSaiucov, TO 
 superstitious. 
 
 N. dfiai8al[A(ov 
 
 G. dfiatdaiporog 
 
 A. dfiaidaipova 
 
 V. detaidalfiov 
 
 N. dftaidalfiovfg dfioida'fiova 
 
 G. dfiaidai^ortav 
 
 A. dfioidalpovag 
 
 V. deiaidalAOVfg dfiatSui'uova 
 
 . 1. Participles in a? have three endings, 
 , av : as /pai^as, ygdyatia, ygdyav, writ- 
 ing. 
 
 Ni i r 
 
 yottwotg ypuwuott yonwotv 
 
 G. ygdipavTog yQn^ia<jr^g yga^avtog 
 
 A. ygdyarTU ygdyjuaav ygdyar 
 
 V. ygdtfjag ygdyaaa yguyjuv 
 
 So -nag, all. the only adjective in ag, G. avrog : TTK?, ndaa, 
 Tiav, G. TiarrOc, ndarjg, nctviog, A. nnvta, naaav, ndr, PI. ndvifg, 
 ndooti, ndria, G. ndvTtov, naawv, ndriwv, A. ndviag, ndaag, 
 ndvia. 
 
 
ADJECTIVES. 
 
 33 
 
 2. Participles in eis have three endings, sfe, 
 kv : as yga<p&eis, ygay&eiaa, ygoupdsv, having been 
 written. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 
 A. ygacpdevTtt 
 V. yga<p&tlg 
 
 N. ygcty&ivrtg 
 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 ygacp&uauv 
 
 yyntp&ev 
 
 3. Participles in ov have three endings, av, ovaa, 
 ov : as ygd<pav, ygdyovtfa, ygdcpov, writing. 
 
 But participles in en/ (circumflexed) have c?v, 
 ovaa or wcra, ovv or &v : as Trarov, Ttonovoa, na- 
 
 TOVV, treading ; Tipcov, upcoaa, iipcov, honoring. 
 
 N. 
 
 ygdywv 
 
 ygdyovact 
 
 ygdyov 
 
 G. 
 
 ygdyoviog 
 
 yQUHpovays 
 
 ygdtpovTog 
 
 A. 
 
 ygdyovxa 
 
 ygdyovoav 
 
 ygdyov 
 
 V. 
 
 ygdywv 
 
 ygucpQvact 
 
 ygdfpov 
 
 N. 
 
 ygdyovitg 
 
 ygdyovaui 
 
 ygdcpovia 
 
 G. 
 
 ygctrpovTwv 
 
 ygixcpovawv 
 
 ygnyovrav 
 
 A. 
 
 ygdyovTctg 
 
 ygacpovaag 
 
 ygdyoviu, 
 
 V. 
 
 yedcpovjig 
 
 ygdcpovacu 
 
 ygdyovr* 
 
 N. 
 
 TIUTMV 
 
 nocTOvaa 
 
 naiovv 
 
 G. 
 
 TlUTOVVTOg 
 
 nurovarjg 
 
 TlOtTOVVTOg 
 
 A. 
 
 THXTOVVTtt 
 
 ntxTovaav 
 
 naxovv 
 
 V. 
 
 narwv 
 
 Tiarovact 
 
 naiovv 
 
 N. 
 
 nccTovvTfg 
 
 Tiarovoai 
 
 narovvia 
 
 G. 
 
 natovviwv 
 
 nmovawv 
 
 narovvrwv 
 
 A. 
 
 natovvtag 
 
 Tiaiovoag 
 
 narovvrce 
 
 V. 
 
 naiovvitg 
 
 narovaai 
 
 nurovviot 
 
 N. 
 
 TlfJWV 
 
 n/nawa 
 
 TI/.IWV 
 
 G. 
 
 ripaivTog 
 
 jifiwarjg 
 
 TfjUWJ'TOff 
 
 A. 
 
 Tlf^MVIOt 
 
 tiftwa'nv 
 
 TI/UWV 
 
 V. 
 
 TIUWV 
 
 TlUUHJCt 
 
 TtUWV 
 
34 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 52, 53. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 V. 
 
 Meydlos and 
 
 These two adjectives, fitydkos, great, and 
 nokvg, much, many, are inflected as follows : 
 
 N. {Afydkos, pt'yag firyd^r) niydk-ov, -o, 
 
 V. fifydJie fisydjir] piydk-ov, -o, psya 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 A. 
 
 V. 
 
 N. nolvq TtoJUif noXv 
 
 G. TTO/J.Ot' 
 
 A. 7IO>l-V', -V 
 
 N. TIOUO/ 
 
 G. jroyUwv TroA/Lwv 7ro/l/ltov 
 
 A. 
 
 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 
 
 ^ 53. 1. Adjectives in os are compared by 
 dropping 5 and annexing tsgos for the comparative, 
 and rctros for the superlative. 
 
 When o? is preceded by a, s, i, o, or v, either 
 with or without an intervening consonant, the o in 
 the final syllable of the positive generally becomes 
 o. E.g. 
 
 TioJivdvd'otoTioQ, populous, 
 
 ' ii'tt ' 
 
 mxQoz, outer, TiixgoTfQog, 
 
 ay log, holy, dyicoifQog, dyi(araiog 
 dya&og, good, dya&uifQOs, ; 
 ffogccc, wise, aogpw'if^oc, aocptoraro? 
 tvdo$og, glorious, frdo$OTfqo$j evdo$oTotTO$. 
 
<> 54-57.] COMPARISON OP ADJECTIVES. 35 
 
 2. Adjectives in ovs (contracted from the Greek 
 oos) annex if QOS and raios to the nominative, E. g. 
 
 t simple, anhovaisQog, otnlovaTotTog. 
 
 ^ 54. Adjectives in ??s, G. ovs, are compared 
 by changing ??s into earsgos, sGia-cos. E. g. 
 
 ?jf, true, o 
 
 55. Adjectives in vs, G. f os, drop s and annex 
 regos, TOLTOS. E. g. 
 
 vg, deep, fia&vTtgog, 
 
 . Adjectives in av, G. ovos, change this 
 ending into OVSOTSQOS, oveoiaTos. E. g. 
 
 , superstitious, $aat<5a^uo'or0, 
 
 ANOMALOUS COMPARISON. 
 
 . The following adjectives are more or less 
 anomalous in their comparison. 
 
 otvto-cegog, upper, avtoiaiog, uppermost, from the adverb Vw, up. 
 xaxog, bad, xaxKTeQog or xftgoTigog sometimes xaxjj'xf^o?, xaxw- 
 
 -larog. 
 xaAo'c, good, xcd.rjTf()og or xodhwTiQog (neuter xa 
 
 and xaJihcnog. 
 
 xcfiwTfQog, lower, xaiwiaio?, lowest, from the adverb XW'TW, 
 xovjog, short, xovioTtgog or xovi/jif^o?, xovtormog. 
 alog, great, large, ^.eya'kriKQog or 
 ^, much, nfoioTBQog or TifQioaoisQ 
 
 nivog, learned, Trgoxo^^fvsaregog, ngoxofifisvsajcnog. 
 , first, nQoirjTtQog, before, first. 
 jqavog, big, TQavyjepog. 
 
 og, thick, xovdQOTSQog or 
 
 NOTE. Many, supposing that fatsos was formed from the Greek ai 
 write an iota subscript under the * : as xxX'^rs^os, %ov$y<rios. In reality, 
 however, this ending presupposes a positive in vs. Indeed, this is actually the 
 case in some adjectives ; thus, pctx^os, lAa^o? are, by the mass of the people, 
 changed into ftetx^uf, tXettpfvs : on the other hand, yXuxvf becomes 
 
36 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 58, 59. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 CARDINAL NUMBERS. 
 
 t. The cardinals IWs, one, rgtls, three, and 
 rlaaages, four, are declined as follows : 
 
 Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. 
 
 N. tvaq> tig plot, (ltd IVa, IV 
 
 G. IVa, |'O fiiag frog 
 
 A. IVa, IVav, IVave fii-av, -a, pid IVa, cv 
 
 Masc. fy Fern. 
 
 N. T ? I ? 
 G. 7QIOJV 
 
 A. T^fTf 
 Masc. fy Fern. Neuter. 
 
 N. 
 
 G. iiaoitQMv, itaatQfav Tfaauowv, itoaiocjv 
 
 A. Teaff-aoac, -oc. -toovc Taa-o. -f^> 
 
 The accusative -tsaaegovs is masculine only. 
 
 59. The cardinal numbers from five to one 
 hundred inclusive, and also Svo, two, are indeclina- 
 ble. 
 
 Except SsxaTQsis and Sexaretitiagss, which are 
 declined like TQUS and rsaaagss respectively. 
 
 2. Svo 16. dexae'5, dsxafy 
 
 5. nivis 17. ^exaeTrra, dexaqnn 
 
 6. I'|, f'|^ 18. ^tXttOXTW, 5fXO^TW 
 
 7. 7rr, eqpra 19. dexaevvea, dsxaevvioi 
 
 8. oxrw, o^rw, 70. a'xoat 
 
 9. ivvia, Ivvid 21. ft'xoat fVaj 
 
 10. ^f'x 30. TQidxavTct, 
 
 11. IV(5fxa 40. 
 
 12. 5w'(jxa 50. 
 
 13. 5XT^-CI?, -/ 60. 
 
 14. dtxaisoaaQ-tg, -a 70. 
 
 15. SixariEVit 80. oydorpovia, oy8or t viu 
 
60, 61.] NUMERALS. 37 
 
 90. ervevyxovTct, ivv^VTa 600. taxotftot, at, a 
 
 100. exarov 700. entaxoaioi, at, a 
 
 200. diaxoaioi, at, a 800. oxraxoatot, at, a 
 
 300. rotaxotftot, oci, a 900. evvEctxdaioi, at, a 
 
 400. TCToaxocrtof, t, a 1000. %i)uoi, at, a 
 
 500. neviaxoaioi, at, a 1,000,000. |udtovj>t, tov 
 
 Thousands are formed by means of the substantive 77 
 adog, and the cardinals ; as, dvo %ihddeg, two thousand', <5cxa- 
 7wW jpJUa'&g, fifteen thousand. 
 
 6O. ORDINAL NUMBERS. 
 
 1st. nQWTog, 77, ov 20th. uxoarog, 77, ov 
 
 2d. fourf^os, a, ov 2 1st. uxoarog HQtaiog 
 
 3d. TQtrog, 77, ov 30th. rotaxoaxo'c, ?', ov 
 
 4th. Te'iaoToc, 77, ov 40th. TSaoraoaxooro?, 77, ov 
 
 5th. ns^Tiiog, 77, ov 50th. nsviqxoaTog, 77', ov 
 
 6th. f'xiog, 77, ov 60th. ^77x0010?, 77', oV 
 
 7th. tftdouog, 77, ov 70th. kfiSo[M}xoai6g, 77', ov 
 
 8th. oydoog, rj, ov 80th. 0/0*077 xoaroV, 77', o'v 
 
 9th. BvvuTog, 77, ov 90th. evvfvrjxoarog, 77', ov 
 
 10th. df'xaio?, 77, ov 100th. exaiooro'?, 77', o'v 
 
 llth. ev^fc'xaro?, 77, ov 200th. #taxofftoffTO, 77', ov 
 
 12th. dwdi'xctjog, TJ, ov 300th. TQiotxoaioaiog, 77, ov 
 
 13th. dsxmog TO/TO? 400th. Tsr^axofftoffTo'c:, 77', o'v 
 
 14th. dtxuxog xtTctfjTog 500th. TrcvraxoatoatoV, 77', ov 
 
 15th. dsxaTog Tii^mog 600th. claxoatoaTo'?, 77', o'v 
 
 16th. de'xajog exTog 700th. emaxoaioaTog, r), o'v 
 
 17th. dsxarog tfidouog 800th. oxjaxoaioaTog, 77', ov 
 
 18th. dsxarog o/doog 90Gth. evvsaxoaioaiog, 77', ov 
 
 19th. ddxonog f'vvonog 1000th. %il.io<jTog, 77', o'v 
 
 MULTIPLICATIVES. 
 
 ^61. The multiplicatives are formed by drop- 
 ping the final vowel of the cardinal, and annexing 
 ankovs. Except the first four and 
 hundredfold. E. g. 
 
 fjiovog, 77', o'v, single 
 
 dtnkovg, TJ, ovv, or OiTihog, r\, o'v, double 
 4 
 
38 INFLECTION OF WORDS. 62 - 64. 
 
 r, or Timing, triple 
 tore, fmirfold 
 TiiviunJiovg, fivefold. 
 
 ARTICLE. 
 
 62. The article 6, the, is declined in the fol- 
 lowing manner. 
 
 8. M. F. N. P. M. F. N. 
 
 N. 6 ^ TO N. ol at, y id 
 
 G. TOW irjg TOW G. TWV TWV ttav 
 
 A. TOV, TO TijV, TTJ TO A. iovg T, Tulg id 
 
 For the forms TO', TJJ, for TO'V, T?Jv, see above ( 24. N. 2). 
 
 NOTE 1. The uneducated change rris, revs, T/?, into TV* : as, r->j ftdvvttf, 
 rfri avS-^Ttfff , T<r>i xirytit. 
 
 This change takes place also when the article is used as a pronoun. 
 
 These three articles first become TS by syncope, and then rff*i by paragoge. 
 
 NOTE 2. In some parts of Greece (as in Thessaly) the uneducated use 
 for 9 : as fi avr^oss, ft Tiogs, for o $$, o Tia/>>yios. 
 
 PRONOUN. 
 
 63. There are eight kinds of pronouns; the personal, 
 reflexive, reciprocal, possessive, interrogative, indefinite, de- 
 monstrative, and relative. 
 
 Of these, the first three are called substantive, and the rest, 
 adjective pronouns. 
 
 PERSONAL PRONOUN. 
 
 ^64. The personal pronouns are eya, I, r^ttcs, 
 we, iov, thou, satis, you, and avios, ij, o, he, she, it, 
 they. 
 
 N. f >' N. 
 
 G. pov G. 
 
 A. ffjtiva, ffis, fid, ffitrars A. Tjpag, pag 
 
 N. lav, av N. taeig, atlg 
 
 G. aov G. vfiaiv, aag 
 
 A. (usva, eae, as, iaivttvt A. taug, aag 
 
65.] 
 
 PRONOUN. 
 
 N. 
 G. 
 A. 
 
 , TGI 
 
 N. 
 
 G. 
 
 At / / 
 aviovg, Tovg 
 
 > / , 
 avi-ag, -vug 
 
 It has already been remarked, that ^o), /us, pug, aov, at, 
 aixg, and all the cases of TO'?, are either enclitic or proclitic 
 ($$9-11). 
 
 NOTE 1. Formerly the Greeks said also 1/tiv, lo-iv, (for ipi, f^t,) which forms 
 are at present confined to some proverbial expressions. 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated form some of the oblique cases of the masculine 
 and neuter of avros, as if the nominative were aiiTouvos or KVTOVVOS : as, G. a.v- 
 
 TOVVOV, KVTOVVUV, A. KVTOVVOV) KVYOUVOVf. 
 
 They use also a-iir^vos, uvrnvv or a-lrr^n, avrtjva, G. avrwov, aurwvws, &C. 
 
 NOTE 3. The nominatives rag, ro, ret, are used only in the expressions iT/ 
 TOS, is he 9 ttvcti TO, is it ? and v res , here or there he is, vei re, here it is, v 
 ret, here they are. 
 
 The nominative feminine of the enclitic rat would regularly be rvt, but the 
 mass of the people pronounce it <njv : as, vou 'vccl rnv ; where is she ? vei T, 
 here she is. 
 
 Further, these nominatives are used only in conversation. 
 
 NOTE 4. The genitive roug (Cretan rui) may be used also as feminine and 
 neuter. 
 
 65. A compound personal pronoun is formed 
 by subjoining the enclitic genitive of the personal 
 pronoun to the indeclinable expression iov hoyov. 
 It regularly denotes respect, and is used chiefly in 
 the nominative and accusative. 
 
 Sing. N. A. TOW loyov fiov, T, me 
 
 tov Ao/ov aoi>, thoUj Ihee 
 
 rov Ao'/ou TOU or ir\s, he, him, or she, her 
 
 Plur. N. A. TOV hoyov /u?, we, us 
 tov Ao^ov aag, you 
 toil Ao'/oi; rtav or TOV^, they, them 
 
 After the preposition did, the accusative may drop the arti- 
 cle ; as, dia loyov aov, about you, sir. 
 
40 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 66, 67. 
 
 NOTE. The origin of the expression rtu Xtyeu is obscure. We may suppose 
 that originally they said o \eyes, reason, argument, learning, and used it in 
 addressing the learned ; for example, they might have said, a keyof rov, Your 
 Eloquence or Oratorship or Doctorship, just as the English now say, Your 
 - Reverence, Your Excellency, &c. In the course of time, the genitive took the 
 place of all the other cases. The formation of this pronoun may be compared 
 with that of such names as Williams, Andrews, from the expressions at Wil- 
 liam's, at Andrew's, sc. house, or rather tavern. 
 
 66. 1. An emphatic nominative is formed by 
 subjoining the enclitic genitive of the personal pro- 
 noun to onos (also azraiog), or to povos (also pova,- 
 %6s or fjLovd/os), self. E. g. 
 
 ov, TTJ fiov, I myself 
 juoroc pov, n6rr { pov, 1 myself 
 KTO'? oov, azij (jov, thou thyself. 
 
 2. Further, an emphatic pronoun may be formed 
 by subjoining 6 i'dios to the personal pronoun. E. g. 
 
 tyu o I'Sioc, I myself 
 tasra tov I'diov, thee thyself 
 TO I'diov, it itself. 
 
 REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 67. The reflexive pronoun is formed by sub- 
 joining the enclitic genitive of the personal pronoun 
 to the expressions TOV iavrov and tov iavrov, self. 
 
 The nominative case is wanting. The genitive is not much 
 used. 
 
 Singular. 
 
 G. TOV eavrov pov, of myself 
 
 A. jov enviGv pov, w?yse//* 
 
 G. TOV kavrov oov, of thyself 
 
 A. TOV iavjov aov, thyself 
 
 G. TOV eavrov ton, rr^, rov, of himself, of herself, of 
 
 itself 
 A. TOV eavTov TOV, TTJ?, TOV, himself, herself, itself 
 
68, 69.] PRONOUN. 41 
 
 Plural 
 
 G. TOV SOCVTOV (lag, of ourselves 
 
 A. TOV sviviov fioig, ourselves 
 
 G. tov Kotviov aag, of yourselves 
 A. TOV sotviov acts, yourselves 
 
 G. TOV kavTov TWV, of themselves 
 A. TOV eavjov jwv, themselves 
 
 NOTE 1. Many writers use the Greek reflexive pronoun (Greek Gram. 
 
 NOTE 2. In the first person singular, some use ipawrov, Ipuwrov, instead of 
 \KvroVy iawr'ov ' thus, TOV tftavrov ftov, TOV iftavrcv ftov. 
 
 RECIPROCAL PRONOUN. 
 
 The reciprocal pronoun is formed by 
 means of the nominative 6 eras or sis, the one, and 
 the oblique cases of o aAAos, the other. 
 
 For examples, see Syntax. 
 
 Some writers use the Greek yUJ>Uwv, ovq, ag, a (Greek 
 Gram. 72). 
 
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 ^ 69. The possessive pronoun is formed by 
 subjoining the encHticTgenitive of the personal pro- 
 noun to the adjective idtxos (or iSixds). 
 
 The adjective denotes the thing or things pos- 
 sessed, and the genitive of the pronoun denotes the 
 possessor or possessors. E. g. 
 
 N. 
 
 edixog aov, 
 
 idixr] fiov, 
 
 edixov fiov, 
 
 my, mine 
 
 
 edixog (tag, 
 
 edixr) uag, 
 
 tdixov fiag, 
 
 our, ours 
 
 
 edixog aov, 
 
 edixrj aov, 
 
 sdixov aov, 
 
 thy, thine 
 
 
 edixog aag, 
 
 sdixrj aag, 
 
 fdixov aag, 
 
 your, yours 
 
 G. 
 
 fdixov uov, 
 
 edixijg uov> 
 
 edixov aov, 
 
 of my 
 
 
 edixov aag, 
 
 sdixrjg pag, 
 
 tdixov aag, 
 
 of our 
 
 A. 
 
 fdlXOV filOV, 
 
 tdlXTjV flOV, 
 
 edixov aov, 
 
 my, mine 
 
 
 edtxov pug, 
 
 edixyv [tag, 
 
 tdixov aag, 
 
 our, ours. 
 
 
 
 4* 
 
 
 
42 INFLECTION OP WORDS. [ 70, 71. 
 
 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 7O. The interrogative pronouns are its and 
 tos, who 1 which ? what 1 
 
 Jlolog is declined like a*tog (46. 1) : thus, Tiolog, rtola, nolov, 
 
 G. 71OIOV, 7101 as, &>C. 
 
 Tig is inflected as follows : 
 
 S. M. 4* F. N. P. M. 4- F. N. 
 
 N. zlg ti N. tlvfg tlva 
 
 G. tlvog tlvog G. tlvtav ilvuv 
 
 A. tlva ti A. TtVac T/Va 
 
 The neuter ?/ may also be used as masculine and feminine : 
 further, it may stand for the plural; as, rl &V&QWTIOI ; what 
 men? tl yvralxig / what women ? il novJua f - what birds ? 
 
 NOTE. The uneducated form some of the cases of vo7os as if the nominative 
 were x-otavas : as, G. roietvtjg, for -rola.;. 
 
 INDEFINITE PRONOUN. 
 
 ^71. The indefinite pronouns are its, xdvlvas 
 or xvi5, xaTtoios, xau, {JLSQIXOI, and TLTIOTS. 
 
 Tig, a certain, certain, is declined like the interrogative rig, 
 except that the dissyllabic forms take the tone on the last sylla- 
 ble : 
 
 S. M 4- F. N. 
 
 N. jig, nvug tl 
 
 G. Tirog 
 
 A. tivu ti 
 
 Karivag or Kant's, any, anybody, any one, is inflected like 
 the numeral tmg or fis : thus, xrVc, xa^iuta, XKVEV, G. xcu-- 
 vog, xa^fiiag, A. xy)', xo/u/iiac, xareV. 
 
 jc^TTninc^a^ certain^ somebody, some one, is declined like 
 olio.;: its accent always remains on the antepenult : thus, x- 
 noiog, xunoia, y.unoiov, G. xunoiov, x;ro/c, A. xunotov, xunoiav, 
 PI. xiinoioi, y.unoiais, xiinoia, G. x7roiwy, &.C. 
 
 KTI, 5om^, something, is indeclinable. 
 
 JlffoixtH, /, u, some, inflected like the plural of 
 
 Tlnotf, any, anything, indeclinable. 
 
72, 73.] PRONOUN. 43 
 
 / NOTE 1. In the time of Ptochoprodromus, ox&reios, ex&n, were used for I 
 \ K&XOIOS, x&n : that is, the article a was prefixed to xci-rcies, xein. 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated form some of the cases of xoivoios as if the nomi- 
 native were xxiroixvo; : as, 6. xetvoiuvov, 
 
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 . The demonstrative pronouns are TOVTOS 
 (also hovios), this, and Ixelvos (also xsivos), that. 
 
 N. rovxog, oviog TOVTIJ, ctvTr) rovro 
 
 G. IOVTOV iovTi]g, Tctinyg TOW row 
 
 A. TOVIOV TOUT7JV, TCCVirjV TOVTO 
 
 N. toinoi, OVTOI rovTctig, amai TOVTCC, tctvia 
 
 G. tointav VOVTWV tovnav 
 
 A. TOITOV? rovraig, Taviag vovia, xavict 
 
 The forms OV-TO;, evrai, atlrv, returns, ravryv, etvrai, rctvrets, and 
 are very little used in conversation. 
 
 N. fxitvog extlvr) ixtivo 
 
 G. exa/vou extlvrjg txfivov 
 
 A. exflvov exflvtjv extivo 
 
 N. Ixtlvoi, extivoti, cxetj'w 
 
 G. extlvtov fxsivwv extlvwv 
 
 A. exelvovg sxtlvotg 
 
 NOTE 1. The Heptanesians (that is, the natives of the Ionian islands) drop f 
 the v of Ixt7vos, and place the tone on the last syllable ; as ixuos, Ixna, \xtia, 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated accent the last syllable of the genitive of \xt7vos : "^ 
 thus, fxsiveU) ixuvtis, ixuvuv- 
 
 NOTE 3. In some parts of Greece (as in Thessaly) they annex the syllable 
 IK to the demonstrative pronouns, for the sake of emphasis ; as, rourofftu, Utis 
 here, ixtivo'iu, that there. (Compare the Greek ovroffi, StoutMUt) 
 
 NOTE 4. The uneducated form some of the oblique cases of rovrts, as if the 
 nominative were ravrevvos, rtvrnvri ' as, G. rourouvov, 
 
 The indefinite demonstrative pronouns 
 Ssiva and rdde, sucht^jCL^WZ^^ 
 call-him, are indeclinable. 
 
 The genitive of <5ai/, however, is either dura or duvog. 
 NOTE. TSi is evidently the nominative neuter plural of the Greek '<tii. 
 
44 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 74, 75. 
 
 RELATIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 74. The relative pronouns are 6 dnoZos. onov, 
 onoios, OTioioGdijnois, and oans, o TI. 
 
 f O onoioq, who, which, the which, is formed by prefixing the 
 articTeTo to the adjective onolo?, both of which are declined. 
 Thus, o bnoiog, % ojio/tt, TO onolov, G. rov onoiov, Ttj onolag, 
 
 , irho, which, is indeclinable. In certain prover- 
 biaphrases it takes the accent on the penult ; thus, onov, in 
 which case it is equivalent to OTIOIOC, whoever, he who. 
 
 "Onoioc, oTioia, oTotoy, whoever, whosoever, whatsoever, he 
 who, does not shift the accent. 
 
 t, onoiudr t noTf, onoiordijTioTs, is formed by annex- 
 ing <5f;7TOTf to oTToco?. In signification it is a little stronger 
 than the simple 071010;. 
 
 C 'OCJT<C, r t Tis, PI oiTtrts, a'tJiveg, who, which, whoever, whoso- 
 ever, is used only in the nominative. 
 
 "0 TI (also o,n), whatever, whatsoever, is the neuter of the 
 preceding, and is used for all genders, numbers, and cases. 
 
 NOTE 1. Some writers use antes, <m, as the genitive and accusative of 
 ems, but always in the sense of whoever, whosoever. 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated form some of the cases of onus as if the nomina- 
 tive were c-rentteg : as, G. eraictvav, 
 
 NOTE 3. The indeclinable srt* is nothing more nor less than the adverb 
 <rov, where, used as a pronoun. Compare the English where in the compound* 
 whereof, wherewith, &c. 
 
 It should be remembered, that the Greek word for where is o*v, with the 
 accent on the penult, which in Romaic regularly means wherever, wheresoever, 
 or whoever, whosoever, he who. (See above.) 
 
 75. PRONOMINAL ADJECTIVES. 
 
 , o, other, another. The uneducated form some of the 
 cases as if the nominative were UoiW?, mUqviJ : as, G. 
 
 a, or, same, self, is always preceded by the article. 
 , every, each, indeclinable. 
 
76, 77.] VERB. 45 
 
 or Ka&tlg, every one, is inflected like the numeral eva$ 
 
 or tig I thus, xa&t'vac, xa&tpltx, x#gV, G. xadwog, xa&ffAiag, 
 
 A. xa&tvn, xtt&fpiar t xa&ev. 
 Katmoaog or Kapnoaog, ij, ov, some. The first form never 
 
 changes the place of the aceentT Formerly it was 6x7ioao?. 
 'OTIOIOC. a. oy, as^juch os^corresponds to zotoi/To?. 
 "0(jo? or c 07To'<;o, 17, oy, as, as much as, in the plural, as many 
 
 aSj corresponds to rooog or roiovrog' 
 noaog, 17, ov, Aw^ much, in the plural, A0w many. 
 TeTo/o?, , ov, equivalent to roioviog. It never changes the 
 
 place of its accent. 
 
 Toi-oviog, -ctvji), -OVTOV, such, G. -oviov, -ctviyg, -OVTOV, A. -ofJ- 
 
 TOV, -1XVJ1)V, -OVTOV, PI. -OUIOt, -UTt, -VT, G. -OVTWy, A. 
 
 -ovrov?, -avTag, -avia. 
 
 Toaog, y, ov, so much, in the plural, so many. 
 Toa-ovTog, -aim/, -ouror, equivalent to ioaog. It is inflected 
 
 like TOiovTog. 
 
 VERB. 
 
 ^76. 1. The verb has two VOICES; the active 
 and the ]3asive. 
 
 2. There are three MOODS; the indicative, sub- 
 junctive, and imperative. 
 
 NOTE. In Romaic, the Greek infinitive may be used as a noun, in which 
 case it is always preceded_by__the article; as, TO i%uv, property, TO X'tynv, 
 saying, talk, TO ftK%icr$Ki, fighting. 
 
 3. There are six TENSES ; the present, imper- 
 fect, aorist, future, perfect, and pluperfect. 
 
 4. The imperfect, pluperfect, and future, occur 
 only in the indicative mood. 
 
 5. There are three PERSONS ; the first, second, 
 and third. 
 
 The Romaic has three auxiliary verbs; 
 alfiwill, ?, have, and tuxf, be, which, as 
 auxiliary verbs, are used only in the present and 
 imperfect indicative active. 
 
46 
 
 INFLECTION OF WORDS. 
 
 . SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF 
 ACTIVE VOICE. 
 
 [ 78. 
 
 INDICATIVE. 
 
 Present. 
 Imperf. 
 
 Aorist. 
 Future. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE. IMPERATIVE. PARTICIPLE. 
 
 y^ityu 
 
 So, 
 
 r, or 
 
 Future 
 Continued. Si 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 Pluperf. iT^ 
 tT^ 
 
 Irgggrf. 
 Conditional. 9-a 
 
 Aorist 
 Conditional. 
 
 Present. 
 Imperf. 
 Aorist. iyfei$$*v 
 
 , or 
 
 t or 
 vot 
 
 , or 
 
 Sa 
 
 Future. 
 
 Future 
 Continued. 3- 
 
 Perfect. 
 Pluperf. it-%* 
 j/t0t/ 
 Imperf. 
 Conditional. &z 
 
 Aorist 
 
 Conditional. 
 
 PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 yoa^u^an yoti^tv 
 
 y^ii^ou 
 
 or 
 
 eti, or 
 
 , or 
 t or 
 
79.] ACTIVE VOICE. 47 
 
 79. ACTIVE VOICE. 
 INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. / write, / am writing, or / do write. 
 S. ygdcpa P. y g a 9 - o p f v , -ops, -ov[ts 
 
 ygdcpeig y g dtp -si , (Chian -tier, -titrs) 
 
 ygdysi, ygdcp-ovai, -ovv, -ovvs, be- 
 
 fore a vowel -ova iv, (Cretan 
 -ov) 
 
 Imperfect. / was writing, I wrote. 
 
 S. tygacp'a, (Greek P. lygdy-ttfttv, -ups, (Greek 
 
 -ov) -opsv, Epirotic -afj.otv} 
 
 I' y g a 9 e g , fygaqieg lyydcp-tTt, -are, (Epirotic 
 
 -erav, Chian -tTtv, -TCJ') 
 
 ey Qcxcp-s, iygdcpf, ( be- sygaep- av, fyyacpuai, tym'trpav, 
 fore a vowel -sv) $*f*9**v* (Greek -ov, Cretan 
 
 Aorist. / wrote, I did-write. 
 S. sygaipa P. eyQay-afiEV, -/*e, (Epirotic 
 
 
 I' / g // - g , lygdipf g, lygdy-ST, (Greek -CCTS, Epi- 
 
 (Greek -?) rotic -Ty, Cbian -my, -CTC?*) 
 
 sygay s, fygdy/G, be- sygayav, (ygdyvtai, 
 
 fore a vowel -v tygdyave, (Cretan e 
 
 Future. / shall or will write. 
 & u ygctifjG), or ^g'Asi ygdyjca, or ^e'/lw ygdyet 
 
 Future Continued. / sAa# or w7/ 6c writing. 
 &a ygdqxo, or ^s'AEt ygdcpo), or ^g'Aw ygdysi. 95. 
 
 Perfect. J Aorwe written, 
 y g cup s i , or I'^w y g a p [itv ov (17 v , ov). 97 : 99. 
 
 Pluperfect. I had written. 98:99. 
 
 or f^ ygapftsvov (yv, ov). 
 
 Imperfect Conditional. I should, would, could, or 
 
 might be writing. 100. 
 
 or i)'#cAe ygdqxa, or 
 
 Aorist Conditional. I should, would, could, or might write. 
 ygdyto, or ^'^e)la ygdyet. 101. 
 
48 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 70. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. I write, or I am, or may be, writing. 
 
 S. y Q <p to P. ygdcpwfisv 
 
 y Qdcpyq yyucp-fTB, (Greek -rjre) 
 
 y (*d<pfl yguqt-foa t, -ovv 
 
 The subjunctive has all the peculiarities of the indicative, both in the present 
 and aorist. 
 
 Aorist. / write, or / may write. 
 S. Y Q a y W P. 
 
 (Greek 
 
 IMPERATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. Write, or Be writing. 
 S. ygd(ps P. y $ a <p e T s 
 
 , -ovv 
 
 a ? yQuyy ? ygayj-(a<j i, -ovv 
 
 Aorist. Write. 
 S. ut P. 
 
 The third person of the imperative, both active and passive, is formed by 
 prefixing the auxiliary verb *ff^ to the corresponding person of the subjunc- 
 tive. 
 
 PARTICIPLE. 
 
 Present, ygaywv, ova, ov, writing; also ygdyovxag in- 
 declinable. ( 51. 3.) 
 
 Aorist. yQctyas, a a a, av, writing , having written. 
 (51. 1.) 
 
80.] PASSIVE VOICE. 49 
 
 80. PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. 1 am written (continued action). 
 8. y Q a. cp - o ju a i , -ov^ni P. ygacp-6 fis& a, -ovfiea&sv, 
 
 -OftEodsV, -OVpSGTf, -OVflOC- 
 OTS, -OftSOTE. 
 
 ygacpsaott yQcicp-sa&s, -?<m, (Chian 
 
 -ovarev, -ovorsvs, -oarsv) 
 yga.cfiai yydcp-ovTcti, -OVVTCU 
 
 Some of the forms of the first person plural may take the accent on the 
 fourth syllable from the end ; as, y^nQovfAiffri. 
 
 Imperfect. I was igriV/e_(^Dtinued_ - acjiJflD ). 
 S. lygdcp-ovpovvy-ofiov, P. ey Qcp-6 fj,e& a , -ov(iea&e, 
 -ovpov, -opovv, -ov- -ovfisare, -ovpaais, - 
 
 , -ovpva, (Greek a&av, -ovpoiaiav, -of 
 
 eyga<p-o vao vv, -ov- syQoicp-Ea&s i -ov<jeais, f -ov~ 
 
 aovvs, -ovaiav, -ov- aaaTe,-ovaaa&ctv,-ovaotaToiv, 
 
 aravs -ovauo&B 
 
 f/Qoicp-STO, -oviaVy ey Qtxcp-ovT o , -oviav, -ovv- 
 
 -ovviav,-ovvTav,-ovv- rctv, -ovvictv, -ovviavs 
 
 rave, (obsolete -BTOV) 
 
 Some of the forms of the first and second persons plural of the imperfect 
 may take the accent on the fourth syllable from the end ; as 
 
 Aorist. J was written. 
 
 8. lyodcp&-r)V, -qua P. syo ucp&-r][j,e v, -yxctpsv 
 ey()d(p&-i<}<; , -r)x f$ iy Q ci q> & - rj T e , -yxsxs 
 
 eyaoKpfr-r), -yits lyQuyd-riauv 
 
 The form in nxet has all the peculiarities of the aorist active. 
 
 Future. / shall or will be written. 
 # ygaop&w, or vHAft ygacp&a), or ^s'Aw 
 
 Future Continued. / shall or ivill be written (continued action). 
 & a ygacpo) pal, or -freest y Q a cp a [j, a i , or #t'>lw ygd- 
 cpea&ai. 95. 
 
 Perfect. I have been written, I am written. 
 
 (r], ov). 97, 
 5 
 
50 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 80. 
 
 Pluperfect. / had been written. 
 ti%u ygacp&il, or ypovv y gap pivot; (jj, oy). 98. 
 
 Imperfect Conditional. / should^ would^jtould, or might, be 
 written (continued action). 
 
 , or jj&tls yQucprnpai, or 
 100. 
 
 Aorist Conditional. I should, would, could, or might, be 
 written. 
 
 u, or rjdela ygay&ri. 101. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. I am, or may be, written (continued action). 
 8. yQacp-Wftai, P. yQCKp-ups&ct 
 
 , (pedantic ygdcp-sa&s, (Greek -r t 
 
 \ t (Greek 
 
 -fJTCu) 
 
 The subjunctive has all the peculiarities of the indicative. 
 
 Aorist. I am, or may be^writtcn. 
 
 ^P. yQacpfr-wpev, -oi 1 
 
 y()a<p&-r)xs, (Chian -i] 
 ygct(f&-wai, -ovv, -ovvs 
 
 IMPERATIVE MOOD. 
 Present. Be written (continued action). 
 
 8. yQOLfftOV P 
 
 Aorist. Be written. 
 
 S. yqdyov P. yQOKp&fJTS 
 
 ag ygayS-UGi, -ovv 
 
 For the formation of the third jterson of the imperative, see Imperative 
 Active. 
 
 The second person singular of the aorist is formed from the corresponding 
 active by changing i into ev ' as, y^a.^1, y^d^ou 7i*ct%&, rivafeov riftnrt, 
 riftrtffov. But in verbs in XX&, Xv, vu, gw, or gvu, it is formed by changing 
 $j of the indicative into vov : as, <r-rtXA, lo-TaX^>?y, frti^ffou T\VVU, I 
 9F\vffou 
 
81.] AUGMENT. 51 
 
 PARTICIPLE. 
 
 Present, ygay-ojisvog , 77, ov, being written, inflected like 
 TrogJoc*. The uneducated use -ovpsvo?, or -d 
 
 for -0 
 
 Aorist. ygny&ils, -tlaa, iv, being written, having been 
 written. ( 51. 2.) 
 
 Perfect. yQapfievo?, t], ov, written. 
 
 AUGMENT. 
 
 81. 1. The imperfect and aorist of the in- 
 dicative of verbs beginning with a consonant prefix 
 
 I (called the syllabic augment) to the root. E. g. 
 
 ^& f ?}& f 
 
 , to honor, imperf. eii(.iovaa, tTipovpovv, aor. 
 
 fygcicpovjiiovv ' 
 
 2. Verbs beginning with double this letter after 
 the augment. 
 
 , to sew, imperf. tggama, tqgdnrov^ovv, aor. 
 
 , to throw, Q$ri%rct, 
 
 NOTE 1. The mass of the people omit the syllabic augment in verbal forms 
 of more than two syllables. E. g. 
 
 xvr-ra.^ta, to look, xvr<ra<x, xurrct^ovftovv, xurrot%x, xvTK%9-vxa, 
 xefrrea, to cut, izo-^ct, ixo-^fg, txo-^i, pi. xo-^xpi, xotf/tTi, xo^ecvt- 
 Dissyllabic forms may 'omit the augment only when they are preceded by a 
 proclitic ; as, ro t^eiyce,, for TO 'i^etya, from f^uyu : <rou /3aAa, for trau s'jSaA., 
 from jSa^ft/. 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated often change the augment I into w, which is nothing 
 more than using the sound I for E. E. g. 
 \ovyu, to wash, 
 
 NOTES. The perfect passive participle .takes no augment whatever. Many 
 writers employ the Greek participle (Greek Gram. 76: 80); as, vretititvu, 
 to educate, fftwtt.tbtufAivas for vrxi'Sivfttvos. This augment sounds well enough 
 in verbs common to both languages ; but if prefixed to such as are peculiar to 
 the Romaic, it produces a ludicrous effect ; for example, such participles as the 
 following could be tolerated only in burlesque ; rspayw^svo?, xixauxXupivos, 
 fttfAovvriravguftive;, IftyivraXafAivos, irya.xifffji.ivos, from r^uyu, xovx^ovtu, ftouvr- 
 erougovu, fjt,vct\ov 
 
52 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 82. 
 
 3. Verbs of more than two syllables beginning 
 with a vowel or diphthong take no augment what- 
 ever. E. g. 
 
 to hear, imperf. uxovotj dxovovfiovv, aor. tixovaa, a- 
 
 , to question, fgcaiovact, 
 i, to pray,, wxevfiovv, 
 a), to name, o*o[faet, oro^d^ov^ovy ' orouaoot, 
 
 Many writers, however, employ the Greek temporal augment 
 (Greek Gram. ^ 80) ; as, xoi'w, r t xovaa' f/tw, ykeovv o 
 
 NOTE 4. The Romaic can hardly be said to have any dissyllabic verbs begin- 
 ning with a vowel. Except i%w t which see in the Catalogue of Irregular 
 Verbs. 
 
 8 3. Compound verbs beginning with a conso- 
 nant take the syllabic augment at the beginning. 
 Those beginning with a vowel take no augment 
 whatever. E. g. 
 
 ardniw, to kindle, imperf. uvumn, aor. avaycc, avdqp&rjv. 
 avjiygdcpw, to copy, uvir/Qacpa ' avii'/Qaya, avn/Qacf&r^ce. 
 anoQ$imv, to reject, unoQ^ima, anog^tjnovuow ' dnogyiyja, 
 
 anogqlcpihiv. 
 di apd^w^TzTrecid, ididfiaa ' fdidfiaaa. 
 
 , ididfiaa ' 
 
 Ixdidta, to edit, txdida ' a'x^wxw, 
 
 inaivw, to praise, iTiaivoijaa, inuivovpovv ' tnalvtaa 
 xTxo7rrw, to cut vp, fy.aTdy.omrt, exajaxoTnovpovv ' 
 
 , to bring again, 
 
 d^oj, to command, 
 
 iL>_to spell, eavUd t 3ia ' 
 avvd<a, to gather, iovva^u. ' favru$a, f 
 VTiofjLtvw, to endure, vno t utva ' vnouava. 
 vno(fioi'(a, to bear, v7i6(ffQra ' vno 
 
 In verbs compounded with a preposition, writers of preten- 
 sion follow the Greek rules (Greek Gram. 82) ; as, 
 
83.] FORMATION OF THE TENSES. 53 
 
 FORMATION OF THE TENSES. 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 83. The first person singular of the present 
 active indicative is the source from which all the 
 other verbal forms are derived. 
 
 Deponent :verjbs, that is, verbs used only in the passive, may, 
 for grammatical purposes, be supposed to h aveari active form. 
 
 NOTE 1 . In verbs in aia, KVSU, tutu, $u, and ouu, the uneducated insert y 
 before &>, but only in the present and imperfect E. g. 
 XKtyiU) (fiT/itiyu from xetiu, Tfroitu 
 xa-uyu) yupivyu " xtti/w, yvoiiiQ) 
 
 Kpv&yci), axouyea u xovfca, uxova. 
 
 NOTE 2. In the present, the Greek endings lx\u t Xa, and ti^a, sgev, or vgu, 
 are respectively changed into Xv&/, and t^vw. E. g. 
 
 ffTt^-vea, %ctXvea from ffrikXa, ^aX&J 
 
 ffTtgvu, Qigvu, fft^vea " ffvftigu, (fi'i^ea t ffv^ea 
 
 becomes either fioivu, or fid^u. 
 
 NOTE 3. The endings xw, y<a t or ffxu t are often changed into x, vta > or 
 E.g. 
 
 ^I'l^vea or 'Stix'ru from the root ^itx- (whence s'Sn^a) 
 or p-nxru " " pny- (whence tpp*i%a) 
 
 from 'btbcLffx 
 
 NOTE 4. When a is preceded by the sound I, the accent may be placed on 
 the last syllable; in which case the verb is inflected like <na.ru or vipu. E. g. 
 irsiu, ffftuu, from fftia, fffiuu. 
 
 Sometimes the sound I is dropped after the accent has been placed on the last 
 syllable; as xvXu, f^yivu, from xvXiw, pyivveu. ( 17. N. 2.) 
 
 NOTE 5. Verbs in vvea generally change this ending into uiva ( 27. 6). E. g. 
 txKiviu, from u&vv 
 
 NOTE 6. The ending ovu (incorrectly tavu) retains the v only in the present 
 and imperfect. It is a modification of the Greek ou. E. g. 
 <potveg6v6) from <ptx.vi(>au. 
 
 NOTE 7. In some parts of Greece (as in Peloponnesus), u is changed into 
 '*. E. g. 
 
 from rvtu. 
 
 In a few instances uZw becomes u : as a.^ru from a^-ra^w. 
 
 NOTE 8. The Greek ending avu or TTU is changed into &/, and sometimes 
 into yu,^w. E. g. 
 
 T;V?&>, tyuXayw, rXaS-jy, from nvciiro'iv, 
 
54 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 84-87. 
 
 84. 1. Verbs in ya, when this ending is not preceded 
 by the sound /, may drop y with the vowel-sound belonging to 
 it, in the present and imperfect active. In the first and third 
 persons singular, however, only the y is dropped. E. g. 
 
 liyo ).ita, teysiq lig, ttyii, liu, PI. li'/ops Af/if, Uytit UJB, 
 
 liyovv AtV 
 iQCoyu T^W'W, TQtayeig T^W'C, row/a TQOJH, PI. T^W'/O//E jQtouf, 
 
 TQwyne room, toiayovv TO for. 
 ndyw nuta, naysig nag, nuyn ndti, PI. nuyo^B nape, ndyeif 
 
 none, ndyoi'v ndv. 
 
 The same syncope takes place also in qptt'/w, the aorist sub- 
 junctive of TOW'/W : as, <fu/o) (fua) } 
 
 2. 'AXOVW, to hear, may be inflected as follows : 
 dxovtiz xot'c, uy.ovfi, PI. dxovofie c<y.oi\ue, axoi'tif uxoi'ie, uy.ovovv 
 dxovv ' Imperative, uy.ovs tixov, uy.ovns w 
 
 3. Oilto, to wish, will, in some respects follows the analogy 
 of verbs in 6/w : thus, &ttw, du.eig &eg, -fri-Xet, PI. &UOJIB &(te, 
 , -fruovre 
 
 The present pass^v? is formed by chang- 
 ing w of the present active into opai. E. g. 
 
 pres. pass, 
 
 IMPERFECT. 
 
 The imperfect active is formed by chang- 
 ing o of the present active into a, and prefixing its 
 augment. E. g. 
 
 tvgaxa, 
 
 ^87. The imperfect passive is formed by 
 changing opai of the present passive into ovpovv, 
 and prefixing its augment. E. g. 
 
 ygdyu, yQacpopai imperf. pass 
 
 OWTTTW, Q 
 
 xoi'w, dxovofjiai " " uxovovpovv 
 
88.] FORMATION OF THE TENSES. 55 
 
 AORIST AND PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE. 
 
 ^88. 1. When o is preceded by a consonant, 
 the aorist and the perfect passive participle are 
 formed by making the following changes : the 
 aorist of course takes its augment. 
 
 pres. aor. act. aor. pass. part. 
 
 not, /5ft), qpeo nica ya cp&r^v ^.fitvog 
 xto, yea, yyw, %w, 
 
 #TC, %vco, Tift) ! X& r i v yfisvog 
 
 &(&) tt) CJW 
 
 ova wact 
 
 Examples. 
 
 iQlfico, rub tiQiifiot 
 
 vlmoa, wash tviya 
 
 i, knit I'TrAfla 
 
 ), show tdsi^ot 
 
 >, form IVrAaaa 
 
 , fold iSlnlwaot 
 
 2. When a is preceded by a vowel, these tenses 
 are formed by dropping a, and annexing tfa for the 
 active, ftyv for the passive, and pevos for the par- 
 ticiple. E. g. 
 
 Vdi), to believe, sTilaievact, 
 
 3. Verbs in o change this ending into mra for 
 the active, rj^rfv for the passive, and ypsvos for the 
 participle. j5Tg. 
 
 gitAftJ, kiss, egjfc'A^aa, f 
 , honor, eilfirjoce, 
 
 NOTE 1. Sometimes the endings tjtru, ^>jv, yplvos, are respectively changed 
 into n%a, vx&tjv, Mypivos " as, Quo-a, l<pv<rti%et, t<puffn%S-w, Quffwyptvos. 
 
 NOTE 2. The uneducated change the endings autra. and ivffa, of the aorist 
 active into et^a. and i-^a ( 27. 2). E. g. 
 KKVU, fiaff&ivu, aor. sxa-^ 
 
 NOTE 3. In some parts of Greece (as in Attica), the uneducated change 
 in the aorist active into ec. E. g. 
 
 or. IvOIKIUXOi, \^\ 
 
 NOTE 4. In the aorist passive, the uneducated generally drop the n of the 
 ending xa t as, yivofieii, l<ytvxa for ly/vjxa * ^ru-ru, XTVTTV&KU. for 
 
 9*** 
 
56 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ S9-91. 
 
 They drop 3j of the ending <p$vxa, and ffv*<t : as, yga'p*, lyaa<p* for 
 ' tfAitu, iiffKa, for 
 
 4. Some verbs in o have iGpivos instead of 
 in the perfect passive participle. E. g. 
 
 SLTl'jjfW, ' 
 
 89. The aon'sf passive of the following verbs deviates 
 somewhat from the general rule. 
 
 /SarcTw or fid(p(o } dye aor. pass. 
 
 PQt%(a, wet 
 
 ygdcpca, write f/Qaq)&i]V or 
 
 evjQsnoftai, to be ashamed errQtxmjv 
 
 &a7iT<o, bury e&ucpyv or 
 
 xa/eo, 6wrn fxa>jv 
 
 Tirlyct), drown envlyqv 
 
 aiQS(f)(o, turn 
 
 , feed ITQU^V or 
 
 appear tcpdiyv 
 
 OO. 1. Many verbs in w form the aorist and the perfect 
 passive participle as if the present ended in yu. Such are the 
 following : > 
 
 j^/^w, aura^w, T^W, lagd^w, Ttvd(a, 
 
 2. Some verbs in <o form these tenses either according to 
 the general rule, or according to the preceding paragraph. 
 Such are ugnd^w, l 
 
 91. 1. Some verbs in w change this ending into iaa or 
 aa in the active, id^v, ia&r t v, oi&ijv, or aa&ijv, in the passive, 
 and fperog, tapero?, a^iivoq, or cta^svog, in the participle. Such 
 are 
 
 paga), ffidgwa, e@aQt'&r}v, fiapffdveg 
 
 ytlw, ty&aaa, tjfddafhiv, yt'kaa^ivog 
 
 5^^//o5, edlyaact, dufjctapsvos 
 
 enairca, inaiviau, enctivs&rjv, i 
 
 , fXQfftaaa, 
 , ertfivuaa, 7ieiraa t uevog 
 , tnovtaa, novtutvog 
 
92-94.] FORMATION OF THE TENSES. 57 
 
 ) 92* These verbs, xoi;<u, xAe/a>, XQOVW, xf/U'w, Aovw, Sixa, 
 and (m', insert a before di]v and ^evog : as, axovadriv, axov- 
 
 93. 1. Verbs in Uw, A^w, rw, and QW, are not very regu- 
 lar in the formation of the aorist and participle. The following 
 examples exhibit their peculiarities. 
 
 pres. aor. act. aor. pass. part. 
 
 yulftevog 
 
 , aiEkvw 
 
 i Iftlava 
 
 yuvo^LGiL s.yiva 
 
 nhvvw sjiliiva 
 
 eontiQU 
 
 2. Verbs in ^w, derived from the Italian infinitive in -are, J 
 change w into iaa, iadqv, tafievog. E. g. 
 
 FUTURE. 
 
 94. 1. The future is formed by prefixing 
 or #f va, or &d vd, or ftftei, to the aorist subjunc- 
 tive. E. g. 
 
 i9 
 
 , &shi 
 
 , ditei 
 
 The form -d-ifa represents all the persons and numbers of 
 the indicative of #e7w, and therefore should not be confounded 
 with the third person singular of the same verb. Compare 
 N. 1, below. 
 
58 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 95. 
 
 2. It may be formed also by subjoining the third 
 person singular of the aorist subjunctive to &i AGJ. 
 
 The endings # and y of the subjoined part are 
 commonly written si and rj respectively, in all the 
 compound tenses. E. g. ygdcpa), 
 
 c'Aa yoayjfi, &ttsi ygayti, 
 ygayu, 
 
 ;, &shovv /Qacp&T). 
 
 NOTE 1. Some form the singular of the future by subjoining the aorist sub- 
 junctive to 9-X<w. E. g. 
 
 NOTE 2. In the time of Ptochoprodromus the future was formed by prefix- 
 | ing va to the aorist subjunctive. E. g. 
 vat, 9-pt-Jffis, va 
 
 There are those who even now form the future in this way. 
 
 NOTE 3. A few centuries ago, the future active was formed by subjoining to 
 the third person singular of the aorist subjunctive, with its ending changed 
 into t<v. E. g. ly^utpeu, Xa^/Eawu, /3a'XA.a>, 
 
 SJAW yja^i/y, 3iX&/ Xa/sa/v, SeX-w /3aA/>. 
 
 The futatfUMMtrr was formed in the same manner, with the ending of the 
 subjoineapa^Trhanged into >Jy. E. g. 
 
 Coray and a few others of less note have recently attempted to introduce 
 these barbarous infinitives, but with little or no success : the mass of the people 
 do not acknowledge them. 
 
 With respect to such infinitives as ygaipSvv, rtfttjSr,*, Coray says they are 
 jSEolic, and refers us to [*.&vtrr,v, in a fragment of Alcaeus. But the word 
 thus accented seems to be an editorial invention, for the manuscripts have it 
 ft&vffSnv : and this is required by the analogy of the ^Eolic dialect. 
 
 There is no doubt, however, that the third person singular, when subjoined 
 to the auxiliary verbs, has the force of the infinitive ; which circumstance would 
 naturally suggest the Greek termination . 
 
 ^ 95. 1. The c.ontjmid future is formed by 
 prefixing #ot', or # vd, or &d va, or &l Aft, to the 
 present subjunctive. E. g. ^gdcpo, 
 
 &a aw $a ucr &ot t & c - 74. 1. 
 
 ) 
 y^dcpnat, &-C. 
 
96, 97.] FORMATION OF THE TENSES. 59 
 
 2. This tense may be formed also, in the active, 
 by subjoining the third person singular of the 
 present subjunctive to & Aw : in the passive, by 
 subjoining the Greek infinitive to &i Aw. E. g. 
 
 ygcicpsi, d&sig ygdyfi, ^tlet ygacpsi, &.C. ( 94. 2.) 
 
 The other peculiarities of this tense are analogous to those 
 of the future. 
 
 ^ 96. 1. By subjoining the accusative of the 
 perfect participle to the future of %&, a completed 
 future active is formed, corresponding to the English 
 second future. E. g. a 
 
 &a jovg t%ovv anoxscpoiha^fvovg, they will have beheaded 
 them. 
 
 2. A completed future passive is formed by sub- 
 joining the nominative of the perfect participle to 
 the future of etvai. E. g. 
 
 svoi, they will have been beheaded. 
 
 PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT. 
 
 . 1. The perfect is formed by subjoining 
 the third person singular of the aorist subjunctive 
 to the auxiliary %&. E. g. ygdcpa, 
 
 ygayei, tyovv /Qcxysi. 
 For the ending ft, see Future. 
 
 The perfect thus formed is used chiefly by the inhabitants 
 of Epirus. 
 
 2. The perfect passive of transitive verbs is 
 formed also by subjoining the perfect participle to 
 E. g. ygdya, 
 
 (?j, ov), tiaai yQix^fjsvog (rj, ov], sivai 
 
 ^ 
 yQ<x(j[*voi (at, a), dads yQa^^ivoi (ou, ), tivcu 
 
 Q<x(j[*v 
 (at, a). 
 
60 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [98-100. 
 
 98. 1. The pluperfect is formed by subjoining 
 the third person singular of the aorist subjunctive 
 to t/a, the imperfect of %a. E. g. 
 
 fz?$ '/Qaysi, se 
 yjfi, itysis ygtiyti, ti%av ygdysi. 
 
 ygacp&ij, ttytte 
 
 2. The pluperfect passive of transitive verbs is 
 formed also by subjoining the perfect participle to 
 , the imperfect of elfiai. E. g. ygdcpa, 
 
 (77, or), r t oovv %Q#fift4**Q (?, ov), rpov yQa^i- 
 , ov), 
 
 (at, a), rja&s yQn^ivoL (ai, ), r t auv 
 (at, a). 
 
 99. The perfect and pluperfect active of transi 
 tive verbs may be formed also by means of f/o 
 l/a, and the accusative of the perfect participle 
 E. g. 7gd(pa, 
 
 f%(o ygapiievov (ijv, ov) 
 ei%a '/Qanfjiivov (TJV, ov). 
 
 CONDITIONAL TENSES. 
 
 1OO. 1. The conditional imperfect is formed 
 by prefixing #a, or &e vd, or #a i/a, to the imper- 
 fect. E. g. ygdcpco, 
 
 a eygayautv, \tu fygdcftis, &u eygacpav. 
 
 ovr, &i*. f /gay (TO, 
 s, \)a f/QW 
 
 2. It may be formed also by prefixing rftsfa to 
 the present subjunctive. E. g. 
 
 ygcpyg, e/e ygcpr], 
 ij&ds ygdcpwusv, r^tke ygdcpsie, ij&fls ygdcpovv. 
 
 y$d(f(a t u(u, r^tjis ygdcpeaou, jjftfcAc yqctyfTat, &c. 
 
101.] FORMATION OF THE TENSES. 61 
 
 The form fads stands in reality for all the persons and 
 numbers of the imperfect indicative of #t/lw. Compare 94. 
 1 : 100. N. 3. 
 
 3. It may be formed also, in the active, by sub- 
 joining the third person singular of the present 
 subjunctive to the imperfect jj&eha, from &sha : in 
 the passive, by subjoining the Greek infinitive to 
 E. g. 
 
 ygdqisi, ij&tfag ygoKpti, tf&thf ygdcptii 
 
 ygdcpti, *i$i)un* ygdcpfi, ij&skav ygixcpsi. 
 
 ygdcpsa&ai, ij&sksg fQncpsa&at, tilths ygucpto&ai, &.C. 
 
 NOTE 1 . Instead of Sa, or \ va, or Sa va, or #$sXs, many use S-sX in all 
 the conditional tenses. E. g. 
 
 sygaQx, S/Xa Vy^a^sj, S-sXa 'ly^ettyty &C. 
 
 &C. 
 , &C. 
 
 NOTE 2. Some insert va between ^'S-eXi and the subjunctive, in all the con- 
 ditional tenses. E. g. 
 
 v <ygoi<p&> t ^'SsXs va ygetQys, &c. 
 va ygti^u, %StKt va y^a^Sjjj, &c. 
 
 NOTE 3. Some form the singular of the conditional tenses by subjoining the 
 subjunctive to #&tXa. E. g. 
 
 Sometimes va is inserted ; as, #hXs$ va putpSys, SXs va 
 
 {NOTE 4. The conditional tenses may be formed also by prefixing va to the I 
 imperfect and aorist indicative. E. g. 
 va 't'y^cttfia, va 'lyQattytf. 
 
 (The aorist thus formed is almost obsolete. In the time of Ptochoprodromus, 
 the conditional tenses were invariably formed in this way. 
 
 ^ 1O1. 1. The conditional aorist is formed by 
 prefixing rj&sks to the aorist subjunctive. E. g. 
 ygdcpG), 
 
 ygyovv. 
 
 to, y&elfg ygotcpdyg, tfdffa yQtty&ri, 
 
 ^'^fAs /Qctcp&rjTf, rfttfa ygay&ovv. 
 6 
 
62 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 102, 103. 
 
 2. It may be formed also by subjoining the third 
 person singular of the aorist subjunctive to the im- 
 perfect rj&sha, from &e Ac?. E. g. 
 
 yguyti, 
 
 VERBS IN a. 
 
 1O2. There are two classes of verbs in a, the 
 first of which comprises those which have as, and 
 the second, those which have els, in the second 
 person singular of the present active indicative. 
 
 These verbs differ from the rest only in the present and 
 imperfect. 
 
 NOTE 1. Some may have either as or eJ> in the second person singular ; as, 
 ~Zs or -t7j fl/5-aw^a/, -oiffa.t or -ittreu. 
 
 NOTE 2. These verbs are contracted from the Greek verbs in a* and la. 
 
 The radical c, it will be observed, is changed into < ( 27. 8) ; as, ivd.rn for 
 ircrfi, vretritffai for faviiffett ( 17). 
 
 Further, verbs in <w, in respect to t, follow the analogy of those in lea : as, 
 npioftai, iTiptovft&et, for r/^a'a/ta/, 1711*0.0^1^0. (the Ionic of which would have 
 been 
 
 1O3. SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF T^ AND -*r. 
 
 ACTIVE. 
 
 . 
 
 PARTICIPLE. 
 
 
 INDICATIVE. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE. 
 
 IMPERATIVE. 
 
 Present. 
 Imperf. 
 
 TlfLU 
 
 nftS 
 
 71/u.a 
 
 Present. 
 Imperf. 
 
 1-rtroM 
 
 iea.ru 
 
 ~XTi. 
 
 PASSIVE. 
 
 Present. Tiftuftai Tiftuf&cti np.su 
 
 Imperf. tTifA&ftn* 
 
 Present. Ta.rosJp.eu rarv/u.Ki -rttrov -ra.Tovp.ivts 
 
 Imperf. tret* ovftnv 
 
104.] ACTIVE VOICE OP VERBS IN w. 
 
 104. ACTIVE VOICE. 
 
 INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. S. 1 1 p - to , -don HUTU 
 
 Tip-dg , -dsig 
 iifj,-d, -as i 
 
 P. 1 1 [I - U [I V , 
 
 "iifiaTS naxslis 
 
 "fifA-wai, -ovv, -ovvs, nat-ovai, -ovv, -ovvs 
 -dovv, -dv, -dvs 
 
 Imperf. S. sxl^-mv, -ova. a endr-ovv, -ova a 
 
 sTlp-a g, -ovasg, -atg snon-sig, -ova sg, -ts$ 
 sxi^-a, -ovas, -as sndx-si, -ovas, -is 
 
 P. sTifi-fopsv, -ova a- snax-ovfisv, -ovaa- 
 
 (J.SV 
 
 t s, -OVOSTS InaT-sltSf-ovasie 
 v, -ovaav, snaT-ovv, -ovaav, 
 -ovaavs -ovaavs 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. S. iiu-w.-dw naxw 
 
 z 
 
 upa , -ay naty 
 
 P. 1lfl-K(J,SV,-OVflS nttT-W [J,SV, -OVfAS 
 
 t ifiaTS narr^ts 
 
 Tip-coai, -ovv, -ovvs, n ar-wai, -ovv , -ovvs 
 -dovv, -dv, -dvs 
 
 IMPERATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. S. rl^a naT-si,-is 
 
 ag T i fj, a ag nan] 
 
 P. Tipdrs natslis 
 
 ag Tifitaai ag naxwai 
 
 PARTICIPLE. 
 
 Present. tifji-oiv, waa, a>v, nai-wv, ovaa, ovv, 
 
 G. aviog ( 51. 3). G. ovvTog (ibid.). 
 
 Also Tipuviag Also naTtavrag 
 
 indeclinable. indeclinable. 
 
64 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 105. 
 
 105. PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. ?. Tifi-ojfitxi, -ov^at, Ticn-ovpcd, 
 
 -lovftai, -to^uat -to/mi 
 
 1 1 H-UG a i , -if'aai, nux-tlaott, 
 -toaai -loaut 
 
 -thai, nax-slTai, -that, 
 
 P. Tifi-u fj,& a, -ovpe&ci, nar-o up e&a, 
 
 -lovfit&a, -lopt&a -Lope&a 
 
 -fip-aa&e, -it'a&f, naT-tla&B, ~ii 
 
 -ioa& 
 -tovvTai, nat-ovvrai, 
 
 -lOVTOtl, 
 
 Imperf. S. ejifi-wfiijv, -ovpovv, iitm-ov^riv^ -ovpovr, 
 
 -lOVJJ-OVV -lOVflOVV 
 
 fitfi-ovaovv, -ovaov, fnaT-ovaovv, -ovaov, 
 -lovoovv -tovaovv 
 
 BTip-cijo, -ovvtavy inax-tlio, -ovviav, 
 -lovviav, -tovxav -lovviav, -IOVTOIV 
 
 P. iTip-cafis&a, -ovpefra, 
 
 , -tea&s tnctT-sZa&f, -tta&s 
 
 , -ovviav, inax-ovvTO, -ovvrav, 
 
 -loviav, -tovvrav, -IOVTUV, . 
 
 -IOVVJO -IOVVTO 
 
 With respect to the changes after ft, , r, and , in the passive endings, verbs 
 in u do not differ from verbs in *> : thus, rif&iovft'ffTt may be used for r/^^tS-a 
 or rather rtfttovpiSat. 
 
 When a is preceded by an I sound, the / of the ending is dropped : as Xuu, 
 Xuov/tat, ^vlffuif not Xv't'oup.xi, Xvitfcci fftiu, fftiovftcti, fftiovtreti, not 
 
 fflllt>'Jf&a.l, fflllOVVTKI. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. S. zt/iw^at 
 
 ncnyaat 
 T i HUTCH 7iatr)jai 
 
106.] IRREGULAR VERBS. 65 
 
 P. 
 
 ncnrja&s 
 Ttarwviai 
 
 The subjunctive passive has all the peculiarities of the indicative passive. 
 
 IMPERATIVE MOOD. 
 
 Present. S. ii^iov narov 
 
 as TifiaTai, a$ 
 
 P. Tt/ua# 
 
 Tificavrai ag 
 
 PARTICIPLE. 
 
 Present. rifioj^Bvog, rj, ov narovfifvog, t], ov 
 
 Also TlfAOVfltVOS, V], OV. 
 
 106. IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 A. 
 
 , to begin to be dear, to make dear, A. axglfava, to be 
 dear, 
 iocialvd), and 
 
 oir(a, to sin, A. wftagTrjoa, seldom ^UW^TOV, Pp. 
 , apsis or a^iT, a defective imperative, = nriyaivt, n 
 yfre, go. 
 
 ttva^aivta (/5tVw), to ascend, to come or go up, A. avefav (like 
 
 f/Qay&rjv) , or aLt>t'fir)xa, subj. avafioi) or wvf^w (like yQuyQw), 
 
 or avifiw, imperat. v/5a, pi. y/?rc or uvafiyTS. part, avotfids. 
 
 avayivtoax(o (yivuaxto), to read, A. uvuyvwaa, or aviyvwact, otva- 
 
 yvwa&riv or avfyv(aa&r)v, Pp. avtxyvo)O(jLivog or aveyvwapitvog' 
 avayvw&a, and 
 avayvtovw, = avotyivwaxw. 
 
 avaaialvw (aiau'w), ^ rrzzse as from the dead, A. avaaTijaa or 
 , avaairj&rjv or avsaiydyv, Pp. avaoTr^iivog. Pass. 
 
 ai, to rise as from the dead. 
 jjVw, = the preceding. 
 avsfittlvco, = avafltxtvto. 
 
 avoaralvo), to lose flavor, to become insipid, A. avo' 
 ot7it&ctlv(a t = ano&ixtt'fo. 
 
 , A. aTtigaaa, Pp. anfgaa^ivog, = 
 6* 
 
66 INFLECTION OP WORDS. [ 106. 
 
 ano&ulrw, and 
 
 (vh'Tjaxto), to die, A. ani&ava, part, ano&avwv, Pp. 
 
 or aTit&afAtvog, dead. 
 
 (Aa^flavw), to enjoy, A. dnokavaa or uni\ui'au. 
 aru/rw), fzre, <o oe tired, A. unoaiaact. 
 agenda, and 
 
 ), ?0 please, A. a^taa, Pp. dgtapevog. 
 , = the preceding. 
 
 (<jpf?j aq>lijpi)t let* a defective imperative, used chiefly in 
 the formation of the third person of the imperative. 
 ov|/j'0), and 
 
 wvlaVeo, 20 increase, to grow, A. avfyaa, av!;r)&T)v, Pp. av 
 ucfnw (oc(plr]fii), to leave, to let, A. acprjaa or aapijxa or < 
 imperat. acpyat or agjf? or ucpae, pi. aqpijacie or aqp?^, A. Pass. 
 a(pe&r)v, Pp. aqpT^gVo?. 
 
 JB. 
 
 /?a^en, and 
 
 /?a'>Uw, #o pw<, <o p/acc, A. !/?u/la, par^. /?AwV, A. Pass, 
 
 Pp. ^a^fiirog. 
 pdru, = the preceding. 
 fiaQt-ovpai, -taai, to be tired, to be weary or lazy, A. 
 
 Pp. paQfuivog, tired. 
 
 fiagvvonai, A. ffiaQvt'&ijv, = the preceding. 
 /5>LffTa/j'<u, and 
 
 , to bud, A. ffildaTrjaa. 
 
 ), to see, to look, A. r<5 (also f!5), SM&/. ^w (like 
 w), imperat. I8i or t3'?> pi- tfoie, par^. t^wV, A. Pass. 
 
 Its compounds have A. Act. c/ftey/a, as dnopUna), ano- 
 
 ashionable people pervert the subjunctive Ida into do, 
 which sounds like 3v6, two. 
 @6ax(0, or /5oaxw, aj, ^o pasture, A. l/?oaxi?aa, efioaxijdrjv, Pp. 
 
 J, a$, to dive, A. ffiovrrjaa or ifiomi$a, Pp. ^ovir^evog or 
 
 , immersed. 
 Xw, to wet, to rain, A. i/?pe$a, e^o^r/v, Pp. figeyiisvog, wet. 
 
 and 
 ro), to suck, A. f/Sioa, Pp. 
 
 Pp. 
 
 r. 
 
 , to flay, skin, A. tydaga or t'ydfiQot, 
 
106.] 
 
 IRREGULAR VERBS. 
 
 67 
 
 ydvvw (eMva), to undress, strip naked, A. tydvaa" 
 Pp. 
 
 ys()v(o, = 
 
 ylvonctt, to become, to be, to be made, A. fyira or eysiva, subj. 
 ylvct or yilvta, imperat. ylvs, A. Pass, fyivrjv, subj. yivw or 
 yeva, imperat. ysrov, pi. ytvrjis, part, ysvofisrog (little used), 
 Pp. ywrmivos. 
 
 The A. Pass, has the same signification with the A. Act. 
 yhvTova, to rescue, save, A. tyhmwaa and eyXvaa, Pp. 
 vo?. 
 
 , to lean on one side, to bend, A. tyvgot, Pp. 
 
 , Pp. 
 
 dayxavw, to bite, A. Iduyxaaa, Pp. 
 dsv(o, to whip, flog, beat, A. tdsiQ 
 Siafialvw (palvfo), to pass, A. i&ulfrp or isv or 
 
 eygd(fj&r]v, tygdcp&rjxct), subj. diufiw, or diafiw (like 
 
 imperat. oiujta, pi. dtn^Tf, part, dta^ag. 
 diddaxto, to teach, A. e<5/<5, sdiddx&rjv, Pp. dtdayfj.EVog. 
 Sldw, to give, A. sdwxa or I'^waa, imperat. dwas (Greek 
 
 A. Pass, fdo&yv, Pp. doapdvog or doptvog. 
 Mr to, = the preceding. 
 
 (like 
 
 , sz/6;. 
 
 (Ida, see /SAeTiw. 
 
 cl^uat, /o 6c, s6/. 
 
 Imperf. ypovv or 
 
 IND. S. el^ai 
 
 SUBJ. 
 
 , or 
 
 , A. 
 
 , A. 
 
 (like 
 
 , Pp. 
 
 or -^^ (sometimes 
 ), imperat. /?/, pi. 
 
 , imperat. lao, z//j^n. 
 , A. said&rjv (from (m' 
 
 , part, 
 
 Present. 
 
 P. ei'fi-f&a, -ta&t, -to&tv, -tais, 
 
 -(JT 
 
 ei-a&s, -an, (Chian ct'c/Tfj'c) 
 sivcti 
 
 P. y[ie&ot, ya&s, yvai, with all 
 the peculiarities of the Indie- 
 ative. 
 
68 INFLECTION OP WORDS. [) 106. 
 
 IMP. S. I'ffo, I'UTW or as yrai. P. 3 pers. a$ y 
 PART. <uv, ovaa, ov, G. 6'vroc, ovarjg, ovtog. 
 
 Imperfect. 
 S. rjfiovv, jjnyv, rjpov, 
 
 yaovv, r t <jo, rjaovtf, r t aiav, 
 I]TOV, rjTO, rjiav, 
 
 JP. rju-s&a, -sate, -aars, -affray, -ea&av 
 
 f, ifaao&av, ^ 
 
 NOTE. The third person tTa/ was formerly ?, and is probably a modification 
 of the Greek Iniot Invru It must not be confounded with the Greek infini- 
 tive iTww. 
 
 It is hardly necessary to observe here, that the Romaic 7^< is passive in 
 form, with the exception of itveti, r,ffa.i. 
 
 Una, see Ae/m. 
 
 !/L, &ait or fAaoT (fAawo), come, a defective imperative, = 
 
 &iTe, from l^o/iai. 
 
 lvw, (eV, jfruVu), ^ en^er, ^o ^o or come in, A. tpftyxa, subj. 
 , or f^u/Jw (like ^a<jp^w), imperat. 1'^a, pi. f/u/Jaw or e/z- 
 
 , . 
 
 fiat (eV, T^C'TIW), <o 6c ashamed or bashful, A. IvTQa 
 
 or (Q&IU, ==. co^o/iat, rj)i&a, 17,^0) or 
 cowc, A. *}>l#a, 56/. I'idw, or &#ai (like 
 imperat. &&s, &#*, ji;ar^. eA^wV. 
 
 vQtaxfo, to jind, A. n-o^xa or jS^ijxa or fto/jxa, or 7;u(>a or fv^>a, 
 SM6;. fu^w, or tv^w (like ^aqp^w), imperat. wye or ^, pi. 
 tt'^fTS or tvyrjTt, part, ft^w'y, A. Pass, dyedr)*, Pp. st/ 
 or tvQfftt'vog. 
 
 i, to pray, A. sv%y&i]v. 
 , to have, Imperf. ti^a. The rest is wanting. 
 
 Z. 
 
 w, Kff, Sf, pi- ^//f', ^TS, ^wat, to live, Imperf. 
 
 i. ftw/^f 
 co : A. e 
 
 H. 
 
 rfftnoQu, ti<;, can, may, to be able, A. qfjtnoQfaa. 
 
 w, Kff, Sf, pi- ^//f', ^TS, ^wat, to live, Imperf. Itwr, ^TJC, ?> 
 pi. ftw/^fy, f^T, t'bw*', with the other peculiarities of verbs in 
 co : A. eijva. 
 
 f, , , , , . . 
 
 jSevQO) . to kmiw, Imperf. fevga. The Aor. in some connexions 
 may be borrowed from 
 
106.] IRREGULAR VERBS. 69 
 
 0. 
 
 &u, an indeclinable auxiliary verb, for all the persons and num- 
 bers of the present and imperfect of the indicative of 
 Compare nd. 
 
 frdmu, to bury, A. tfrctya, e&dcp&yv or frdcpriv, Pp. 
 
 'Aw, to wish, to will, Imperf. tf&da, A. rt&ehyaa, subj. 
 imperat. deltas, part, delrjcrctg. 
 TW, to put, to place, to locate, A. !'#caa, sis&rjv, Pp. deusvog. 
 &Qi(poa, = rgecpco. 
 
 I. 
 Ida, see @Una. 
 
 K. 
 
 xa#o/uai, to sit down, to dwell, A. 
 
 xa/w, to burn, A. exavaa, exav&qv or exdyv, Pp. xavpevog* 
 
 The Participle xavpsvog, i), ov, usually means poor fellow, 
 
 poor or dear woman, poor thing, in an endearing acceptation, 
 
 and is used chiefly in exclamations. 
 xa^uvew, to do, to make, A. Ixa-ua, Pp. jtot^im^evos. 
 xc^uca, and xwVw, = xdfivw. 
 xonapalvn (/?tVw), #o descend, to come or ^o c/o?^w, A. ixariflqv 
 
 or xT/?^y, exT/?jjx or xT/?^xa (like eyQacp&rjv, iygdcp&ri- 
 
 xa), swft;. xT/5w, or xaif^tu (like ygcccp&w), imperat. XT/?, 
 
 pi. xT/?ax, part. xta/5. 
 xai/5atVw, = the preceding. 
 y.avw, =^ y.aiW' 
 x()8ctlvo), to gain, A. exsgdrjaa, Pp. xs^T^Vo? or xf^^at/ufVo?. 
 
 , A. x^5t|a, Pp. xsgdiyfisvos or xegdiafievog, = the pre- 
 
 ceding. 
 
 , ^o ^owr o?^/ %wor for anybody, frefltf wi/A liquor, 
 
 A. ext'gaaa, sxsQaa&yv, Pp. 
 
 , ag, = the preceding. 
 x/la/a), ^o t^eep, A. I'xAavaa, Pp. 
 xQspd^M, and 
 
 Qi(*va), a$, to hang, A. exQenaact, exQfpda&rjv, Pp. 
 xgsfiofiai t to be hanging, to hang, intransitive and defective. 
 
 , and 
 
 , 7We, ^0 conceal, A. txQVipa, A. Pass. (XQvcp&yv or 
 rjv, imperat. xQvyov or xyvfiijaov, Pp. 
 t'co, <0 ro//, A. exvhaa, exvUo&rjv, Pp. 
 , ag, = the preceding. 
 
INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 106. 
 
 ;. ?/' , and 
 
 uro), to receive, to take, A. &/?, par/. Za^wV, A. Pass. 
 
 to mistake, to be mistaken, A. ilav&aa&yv, Pp. 
 
 /yw, happen, A. 
 
 '/ci), 20 say, *e//, A. slna, subj. sl'nw, or UTIW (like 
 imperat. sins or tins'? or TT^, pi. tnct0, part, sinuv, A. Pass. 
 
 and 6t7ia>#if', Pp. fiQijfifvog. 
 Its compounds have A. He^a, &ix&rp : as, 3t;uya), f dta- 
 
 M. 
 
 paovto, to gather, to collect, A. $pdta*a or c/zaaa, A. Pass. 
 
 , Pp. jua^w/Jtt'os. 
 , and 
 
 , to learn, A. epa&a, part, pndtov, Pp. fia&Tjpivog, eru- 
 dite, learned, accustomed. 
 Htdixa, to get d u k, A. efie&vaa to be drunk, Pp. 
 
 drunk. 
 
 jus#w, ?, = the preceding. 
 u? A?/. < concerns, Imperf. l'|U)ls, impersonal. 
 urw, ^0 remain, A. tuttm. 
 
 vfn, to give notice, to announce, A. fufrvaa, 
 , a?, = the preceding. 
 vet, to mix, A. fpS, tplx&yv, Pp. 
 , and 
 
 IV. 
 
 a, pi. var, faArc, a defective imperative, having originated in 
 the interjection vd ! behold ! see here ! 
 
 w, ?, to vomit, A. t$sQowi(. 
 , and 
 if i' ow, = ?; |f row. 
 
 Sf^ayw, /o forget, A. elg^oaa, Pp. ^aafjisvos stupid, booby, 
 blockhead, 
 
 ?, = the preceding. 
 , and 
 
 w, <0 scratch, A. ei/c/a, elv'^ijy, Pp. 
 , &I$, = the preceding. 
 
106.] IRREGULAR VERBS. 71 
 
 O. 
 
 ofivvG), to swear, A. opoaa or wfioaoc* * * 
 ), = the preceding. 
 
 n. 
 
 nd, see 
 
 , and 
 
 nayca, = nriy 
 na&aivw, 
 
 naiQVG) (enaiQQ)), to take, A. inif\qa, sub}. TTW^O), imperat. nags, 
 A. Pass, inuy&riv, Pp. naQptvog. 
 
 , to suffer, A. tnot&a, part, na&tnv. 
 ), and 
 vvw, to grow fat, A. Inu/vva, to be fat. 
 
 , ag, to pass, A. intgaaa, Pp. ntgaaperog. 
 
 , ot?, to fly, to throw away, A. entrance, intia^Qf\v, Pp. 
 thrown away. 
 
 ni]yalv(a (vTia/w), ^o g"0, part, also nrjyaivafASvog, A. inr\ya or 
 vnriycx, subj. nayw or vnayw, Pp. nn/aifisvog gone. 
 
 The form TT may stand for all the numbers and persons 
 of the subjunctive after >. Compare #' for #f'Aw, &Efat$, &c. 
 TitVw, ^o drink, A. I'ma, SM&;. TI/W, or Titw (like ^(p#w), zmpe- 
 r#. 7i/6 or 7m, pi. mtTe or Tm'is, par^. mwV, A. Pass, ino- 
 frnv^or Jti6&nv, Pp. mo^Evos, drunk. 
 nlmco, tofauj^A.. tnsan, part, mawv, Pp. ntanivog. 
 TT/Lf'o), ^o float, to sail, A. Enksvaa. 
 nvtco, to breathe, A. envsvaa. 
 
 t, to swell, intransitive, A. engrja&rjv, Pp. ng^a pivot;. 
 i, to pray as to the deity, A. sn^oaev^rj&^v, imperat. 
 
 P. 
 
 SO), to flow, A. e 
 
 a7r/w, to rot, A. iadnioa, Pp. a an ia pivot; or 
 
 OEQVM, = aU(>'(W. 
 
 orw, #o raise, A. tayxetaa, earjxw&rjv, Pp. aqxtopevog. Pass. 
 yxovofitti, to rise, imperat. ar t xov or aifxeo, pi. ayxwTe. 
 aaj, to break, A. tanaaa, eandcf&rjv, Pp. anaafj.eyot. 
 
72 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 106. 
 
 andvu, = the preceding. 
 
 lva), to erect, to place in an erect position, A. 
 , Pp. aTrjfisvog. 
 
 and aTsxopai, to stand, to stay, to stop, imperat. 
 pi. arsxaTf, A. Pass, iaid&i]v. 
 
 OTcM.o>, and ar&yo), <o send, Iraperf. I'aTelva, A. 1'cmt/la, 
 or eardkrjv, Pp. a 
 
 (avv, /5a/m), z^ happens, A. lavvs^ij or avvefii], subj. 
 avpfi or avvtpy. 
 OVQVW, to drag, draw, A. tavgct, IOVQ&IJV, Pp. ovyptvos. The 
 
 A . imperat. <JVQS, aiders, means also ^o. 
 cj^w, = the preceding. 
 
 oylyyto, to squeeze, imperat. acplyyB and aylyya, A. 
 , Pp. aytypsvog tight. 
 
 T. 
 
 A. figd^a, ixga^lx^v, Pp. 
 
 stiw, to tremble, Imperf. iT^f^ua, defective. 
 
 }) to feed, nourish, A. Edgsyot, A. Pass. e&Qsy&riv or 
 or fTQdq>r)v, Pp. fytfifierog. 
 ^o run, imperat. r^c^a, pi. TQ^UTE, A. tr^flcf. 
 T(>(o/o), ea, A. tcpaya, part, yaywv, A. Pass, tcpayw&rjv, Pp. 
 o?. 
 happen, A. Irt^a. 
 
 r. 
 
 vnayaivw, obsolete, = vjid/ca, nyyalvw. 
 
 vnyta, = 
 
 i, to promise, A. vnoaxi&rtv or 
 
 , and 
 
 ^o bring, Imperf. Iqp^va, A. I'cptga, jpf Jhpr, Pp. 
 
 yu, to flee, imperat. also <ptvya, pi. cpwyaTe, A. tyvya. 
 
 X. 
 
 iga, commonly xaiQOfiai, to rejoice, to be glad, part, also #- 
 gov}Jiivog, A. fxdgrjv. 
 vw, ag, and 
 
 destroy, to demolish, A. f'xdlaaot, f'xalda&rjv, Pp. 
 
107,108.] ADVERBS. 73 
 
 %dv(a, to lose, A. %aa, tyu&i\v t Pp. 
 %<xaxa), to gape, imperat. also ^aaxa, defective. 
 ZOQTotlvo), to satiate, to be satiated, A. f^o^Taaa, Pp. 
 vog. 
 
 , and y/Tjyw, roast, to cook, A. eyyaot, tynj&ip, Pp. 
 
 ADVERBS. 
 
 1O7. 1. Adverbs formed from adjectives in og and vg, 
 of all the degrees of comparison, are the same withlfie nolm- 
 native neuter plural of those adjectives. E. g. 
 
 x>L, well, xahqifQct, better, from xAo?, jtaX^rsgog, good 
 TtixQu, bitterly, nixgoxsQa, nixgoTctTot, from mxgog, bitter 
 fia&id, deeply, pa&vifQu, fiadvTarct, from fia&vs, deep. 
 
 2. Adverbs of the positive degree may be formed from ad- 
 jectives in os, i}?, v$, by changing o$ and ^ into a??, and v$ into 
 sag. E. g. 
 
 aoqp<w, wisely, aoqxaTSQCt, aocpwrctTa, from aocpog 
 <w?, truly, ahy&eaTfQot, a^&s'aiara, from a 
 
 , in a truth-loving manner, from 
 c'w?, deeply, from 
 
 Adverbs in we are not used by the uneducated. 
 
 3. A few adverbs are the same with the nominative singular 
 of the neuter of the adjective. E. g. 
 
 [Aovov, only, from fiovo?, alone 
 nolv, much, from nokvg 
 
 how much, from noaog. 
 
 1O8. 1. Adverbs answering to the question noodxig, 
 how often, how many times, end in dxig. E. g. 
 
 dxig, often, many times, from nohvg. 
 
 2. All numeral adverbs, except una$, one, dig, twice, and 
 lg, thrice, end in dxig. E. g. 
 
 attig, four times, from rsaaa^sg 
 , hundred times, from 
 
 7 
 
74 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 109, 110. 
 
 NOTE. Instead of adverbs of this class, the mass of the people use the accu- 
 sative of <poa, time, preceded by the adjective denoting the number. E. g. 
 xoffats fogais, how many times ? 
 /u.iacv <pt>/>dv, once, one time 
 $va (pagetis, twice, two times 
 j Qogeiis, many times 
 q>agai;, a Jew times. 
 
 1 OO. The adverbs nov, xanov, onov, onov : no&BY, ono- 
 &>, o&tv : noTf, noT, Tozf, oiav, onoiav : nug, xanug, ovTtog, 
 at, OTTO)?, correspond to each other as follows : 
 
 Interrogative. Indefinite. Demonstrative. Relative. 
 nov xanov onov, onov 
 
 no&sv o&sv, onodtv 
 
 nors nors TOTS oiav, onoTav 
 
 xantag ovT(og } STGI> onug, wg, xa&wg 
 
 NOTE. KawoTs, the proper indefinite of , now means sometimes, not 
 some time, which analogy requires. 
 
 DERIVATION OF WORDS. 
 
 This head comprises chiefly such endings as are more or 
 less peculiar to the Romaic. 
 
 1 1 O. 1. PATRONYMICS from nouns in ag of the Jirst 
 declension are formed by changing this ending into ddyg. E. g. 
 'Hhddqg, son of Elias, from *Htiag. 
 
 2. Patronymics from nouns in og of the second declension, 
 and ^g of the first, are formed by changing these endings into 
 Idrjg. E. g. 
 
 Oixovopldrjg, son of CEkonomos, from Olxovofiog 
 NLxo\aC8r t g, son of Nicholas, from iVixdAao? 
 *Ia)avvidr]g, son of John, from 'ladvvrjg. 
 
 But when og is preceded by the sound /, it is changed into 
 : as, JrjfjtrjTQiddrjg, son of Demetrius, from 
 
 3. Patronymics from nouns of the third declension are 
 formed by changing og or wg of the genitive singular into /<%. 
 E.g. 
 
 g, son of Plato, from nluTtav, tavog 
 , son of Nestor, from NBOTUQ, ogog 
 , son of Theseus, from Oijasvg, stag. 
 
111, 112.] DERIVATION OF WORDS. 75 
 
 1 1 1. From the Greek nwlog, foal, or rather from the 
 Latin pullus, come the following endings, which are always 
 preceded by o : 
 
 -novlog G. ov, son of, occurring only in proper names ; as, 
 3 Afa$6nov)i.og, Alexopoulos, from ^e'^g. 
 
 -novKa G. ag, daughter of; as, aQxovionovlct, a nobleman's 
 daughter, from ag%ovTag : /SoaxoTrotUa, shepherdess, from 
 /5o<Txo : TovQxonovka, a Turkish girl. 
 
 -ovlov G. ov, offspring of, son of; as, ayxovTonovhov, a 
 nobleman's son : Tovyxonovlov, a Turkish boy. In words 
 denoting irrational or inanimate objects, it has a diminu- 
 tive signification; as, yuhdonovhov, small scissors, from 
 
 1 1 S. A DIMINUTIVE is a derivate word, signifying a 
 small or dear thing of the kind denoted by the primitive. 
 Diminutives end in 
 
 -ax??? G. i), implying dear, used chiefly in proper names ; 
 
 JHEw^axT??, dear George, from rswQyqg : lYixoAax???, dear 
 
 Nicholas, from Nixokog : riavvdxyg, from ridvvrjg, John. 
 -dxi, little, small, dear, precious, used only in the nominative 
 
 and accusative of both numbers ; as, ^a^at^ax*, a little 
 
 knife, from ^uc^a^t : x^aaaxt, dear icine, from xQaal. Di- 
 
 minutives in axt are formed from nouns in i of the second 
 
 declension. 
 -id G. tou, used only in names of women, particularly of 
 
 young women ; as, TO KUTSQIVIO or Kavio, Kate, from Al- 
 
 xansglvvi, Catherine ; TO Asvio, Nell, from 'EUwi, Helen ; 
 
 10 MCCQIO, Molly, from Magta, Mary. 
 -liaa (Greek -tax?}), G. ^, little, small, dear ; as, fiaQxlroa, 
 
 little boat, from fiaQxa : yvvaixhaa, dear woman or wife. 
 KvQctTdoc, or Kf)(XToct, from %VQU or x^>, mistress, takes 
 
 in the penult instead of /. 
 -lxar,g G. TJ, occurs only in tcvQlrayg (also xvQiTaog), from 
 
 X^TJ? or xv^to?, master. KvylToyg, however, is now chiefly 
 
 used as a man's name. 
 
 Oiv G. naiov, was very common in the time of Ptochopro- " 
 romos, and was used also in adjectives of the conipara- \ 
 ve degree ; as, xQuatTaiv, [iixgoTSQlraiv, from xgaal, (J.IXQO- \ 
 .SQOV. At present it occurs only in xogliai (without the v), 
 girl, from XO^T?, but without its diminutive force. 
 -xw, G. xag, occurs in the Constantinopolitan proper names, 
 7? f E\tvx(a, r) Kcnlvxo), from ' 
 
76 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 113, 114. 
 
 -oxag G. a, found only in yvioxag or vlyioxag, dear son, from 
 
 yviog or vlog. 
 -ovda G. as, equivalent to -haa, as, xondovda, dear lass, from 
 
 KOtt&Oj. 
 
 -ovdsQog, 77, 6v, modifies the meaning of some adjectives of 
 
 color ; as, fiavgovdegog, blackish, from fiavgog. 
 -ovdi, equivalent to -dxi, as, TO yviovdi, from yviog, son. 
 -ovla (Latin -ula), G. ag, equivalent to -iraa, as, no 
 
 little door, from nogra : xayovla, poor woman, (in an en- 
 
 dearing acceptation,) from xi//a, heat. 
 -ofays G. rj, equivalent to -ax???, as, xa^ovJirjg, poor fellow, 
 
 from xay/w. 
 
 -ovAt, equivalent to -xt, as, naidovh, little boy, from 7r/5/. 
 Xe^ovAt, lov, TO, handle, as of a vase, from ^t, has lost 
 
 its diminutive signification. 
 -ov/o'c, 7;, or, (Greek -w^fo. Latm_-i4^ equivalent to -ovjpi- 
 
 xoj : as, fia&ovloc, rather deep, from jSa&vg. 
 -ot'iatxoc, ?/, ov, (Italian -uzzo,) modifies the quality denoted 
 
 by the primitive ; as, oo-TroovTfftxo?, whitish, from aWoo? : 
 
 ylvxomaixo?, sweetish, from ylvxog : xaKovxautog, rather 
 
 good, from xaio'?. 
 
 ^113. An AUGMENTATIVE is a derivative noun, signifying 
 a great, large, big, or huge thing of the kind denoted by the 
 primitive. 
 
 There are two methods of forming Romaic augmentatives : 
 
 1. By changing neuters into feminines, and feminities into 
 masculines. E. g. 
 
 ^ anada, big sword <C; from TO ana&l 
 77 y.tyul.a, big head " TO 
 
 y 7ro5oa, big foot " TO 
 
 o pviog, monstrous nose ^ " 
 
 2. By annexing ^ G. ag, or agog G. ov, to the root of the 
 primitive. E. g. 
 
 j\ #fpo, clumsy hand from TO ^ f ot 
 o /iVToo?, huge nose " 17 
 
 1 1 4. The following endings denote employment, occu- 
 pation, or character. 
 
 -agrjg (Latin -an'us), G. ^, or -agiog G. ov : 
 
115-117.] DERIVATION OF WORDS. 77 
 
 apothecary, from anodyxr) : nsQifioldgrig, gardener, from 
 
 G. a, denoting a seller or keeper of, dealer in : 
 butter-seller, from fiovrvgov : [ivhavcig, miller, from [j,vJ(.og : 
 ocpovyyagdg, spunge-mer chant, or spunge-jisher. 
 
 Some nouns of this class have acquired an augmenta- 
 tive signification ; as, xecpcddg, big-headed man, from 
 K(ph : cpaydg, glutton, from cpayl. 
 
 taaot G. at;', fiaaihaooc, queen, from fiaadevg, king; ttaniToc- 
 viaaa, captain's wife, from xanndvog ' tx&giaotx, female 
 enemy, from ez&gog: yidigiaaoc, female physician, from 
 
 Most commonly the feminine of national appellatives 
 end in wan ' as, TovQxiaaoc, AQamaau, PvcpTioaa, from 
 TovQxoSj Turk, 'Agdnyg, Arab, Ivcprog, Gypsey. 
 
 -ov G. ovg, is the feminine of -cig : xoaxivov, a female sieve- 
 maker, or the wife of a sieve-maker, from xoaxivag. 
 
 -ovaa (Greek -oeig, -otaaa), G. ag : fiavgopodovaa, black- 
 haired woman. 
 
 -tgn or -TQta G. ag, comes from the masculine -irjg : 
 or ydJi-iQin, songstress, from ydtor t g. 
 
 -ra^g (Turkish), G. 17 : xai'xTd^, boatman, from xa'/xt, boat, 
 vessel. 
 
 1 1 5. The ending wot or aivu G. a?, is in many parts of 
 Greece appended to a married man's name to denote that of 
 his wife. E. g. 
 
 ^AnooTohtva from ^AnooTokyg, Apostoles 
 Kwaraivct " Kwa-cag, Constans 
 
 Demetrius 
 Theodore. 
 
 1 1 6. Some proper names are formed from adjectives in 
 og simply by changing the place of the accent. E. g. 
 Xgyarog, from lafingog, 
 
 1 1 7". 1. Neuters in -Idi come from nouns in ig G. 
 and from nouns in og G. ovg. E. g. 
 
 (pldi, snake from 6 ocpig, ewg 
 voyage " y id$ig, stag 
 
 vinegar " TO ot-og, ovg. 
 
 7* 
 
 ' 
 
78 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 118, 119. 
 
 Some write -tidt, for -18 1 : both are correct, but -Idi is 
 the simplest. 
 
 2. Neuters in -d<pi come from nouns in og G. ov. E. g. 
 i, razor, from o li'o?. 
 
 1 1 8. Abstract nouns, peculiar to the Romaic, end in 
 -dda, -agid, -id, -ifiov, -net, and -via* 
 
 -dda G. ag, corresponds to the English -ness, and the Greek 
 -frjg : as, ylvxdda, sweetness, from y\vxog. 
 
 -agid G. ag, occurs in numbers that are multiples of ten or 
 of Jive ; as, dsxagid, ten, dexantvTaQid, fifteen, tty.oaaotd, 
 twenty, ilxoainewaQid, twenty-five. Also dwdsxagid, twelve. 
 But exorov, hundred, has exaroarij. 
 
 Nouns of this class are always accompanied by xdpuid, 
 some, about, from xdvtig ( 71); as, ysys pag xd^id ne- 
 vrjviaQid xtcpdha, bring us fifty heads or so. This cir- 
 cumstance has led some to suppose that the indefiniteness 
 lies in the noun and not in the pronoun xauuid. 
 
 -id G. tag, denotes the effect produced by any instrument or 
 organ ; as, ^anu, glance of the eye, from pan, eye; xavo- 
 via, the report of a gun, from xavovi, cannon ; paxaigid, 
 a stab, from naxalgi, knife ; xordvlud, a mark with a pen, 
 from xovdvh, pen. 
 
 -ipov (Greek -/uoc), G. /wroc, denotes the action of a verb; 
 as, ygdyinov, writing, from ygdqxa : TQSI[*OV, running, 
 from TQ%(o : yrjaifiov, roasting, from y-^Vw. 
 
 -it a (Latin -itas, Italian -itd), G. ag, corresponds to the 
 Greek -TTJC : as, uoyua, delay, from agyw : t^^ira, en- 
 mity, from ez&Qog : pdvna, rage, from pavta. 
 v^iUa (Greek -vlog), G. ag, occurs in some nouns of color ; 
 as, aangvla, intense whiteness, from aangog : xoxxivvJia, 
 intense redness, from xoxxivog. 
 
 Ka'vka, a burning sensation, from xalo), is perhaps the 
 
 , only noun of this class that does not denote color. 
 
 511O. Adjectives, more or less peculiar to the Romaic, 
 end in -'TO, -two?, -*i<Jioq, -Ixiog, -ixog with the accent on the 
 antepenult, and -ovqiog. 
 
 -dfog, r}, o*, (Latin -atus,) formerly very common, but at 
 present confined to a limited number of adjectives, the 
 most common of which is ytudiog, full, from 
 
120.] COMPOSITION OF WORDS. 79 
 
 (Greek -ivog), ct, ov, denotes the material of which any 
 
 thing is made ; as, t-vUviog, wooden, from vkov: /iA|ua- 
 
 -idviog, golden, from pd^a^icx, gold. 
 -rjaiog, a, or, denotes pertaining to ; as, yidqaiog, goat's, from 
 
 ylou, goat ; yvvaixrjaiog, woman's, from yvvalxa ' naidicc- 
 
 xyaiog, boy's, boyish, from notidl. 
 
 -Ixiog, a, ov, (Greek -txog,) occurs perhaps only in avrglxios, 
 "~man's, from avTQag, man. 
 -ixog, rj, ov, for -ixog, rj, ov : as, ayvaixog, unnatural, TOVQKI~ 
 
 xo$, Turkish ; 3 yyksixog } English ; Bsvenxog, Venetian. 
 -ovQiog, , ov, as, xaivovQtog, new, from xotivog '. 
 
 deficient in beard, from 
 
 COMPOSITION OP WORDS. 
 
 ^ 12O. 1. When the first component part is a noun of 
 
 the first or second declension, its ending is dropped, and o is 
 substituted. E. g. 
 
 &ahuao6vsQov, sea-water from -^aAaaaa, VSQOV 
 
 yfQovToxoQirao, old maid ysgoviag, 
 
 xcdoi/^vw, to roast well xaAo?, 
 
 wine-cup xgctal, 
 
 2. When the first component part is a noun of the third 
 declension, the termination of the genitive is dropped, and o is 
 substituted. E. g. 
 
 , lion-hearted, from AeW, ovrog, 
 
 3. When the last component part begins with a vowel, the 
 o is omitted. It is omitted also when the first part is nohvg. 
 E.g. 
 
 nahdv&gwnog, old fellow from Tiahog, av&gwnog 
 
 vJidv&Q(onog, blockhead " v).ov, av&QMno$ 
 
 xahaxova), to hear well " xodog, cixovw 
 
 nokvxaiQivog, stale " no\vg, xctigog. 
 
 NOTE 1. When the last component part is a neuter in /, this ending generally 
 becomes ov in the compound ; as, fto)*.ifioxovbvX.ov, lead pencil, from ftoXifii and 
 
 NOTE 2. The nouns <**;, priest, ^urffrts, hajee', p,Kffrof, artist, 
 old, }ta.x.o? t deacon, $Kffxet*.os, teacher, when used as titles of respect, drop their 
 final $, and are prefixed to the proper name. E. g. 
 
90 INFLECTION OF WORDS. [ 121, 122. 
 
 TI.eivfttB-vju.ios from -raxx;, Qvfusg, Euthymius 
 
 " 'Atruvt]{, Anthony 
 %ifrffijsi X^n^-ray, Chrestos 
 (to. frowns, r/awjf, John 
 
 T i gat ix a; ytges, N/xaj, Nick 
 
 Atetxoygtj'ye^ef 'Sidxa;, Y^nye^ia?, Gregory 
 
 Ait ffxctk.oxet'HL'y turns l< ^xffxxXa;, TLavcfyivrtts, Panaghiotes. 
 
 Some write such words with a hyphen between the component parts ; as, 
 TttTtx-Qvftit;, iMMriU-ILnMyivntf- Others accent the last syllable of 
 thus, a*sra Tgwyogios. 
 
 Coray compares the nominative -rtt-ra,, in such expressions as ** 
 to the Epic nominatives in a, (as ivr-rora) : but the cases are not parallel ; for 
 the syllables ** remain unchanged in both the numbers and in its deriva- 
 tives ; as oi IIa-y/yr, the priest -John-family. Add to this the analogy 
 of the feminine $;, priest's wife ; as, fj Hot-reibiet'yt&mvit, rife 
 <ytvfivetf, the wife of priest John. 
 
 1. The negative prefix -, before a vowel y-, 
 corresponds to the English prefix un- t or to the suffix -less. 
 E.g. 
 
 t<xxoc, harmless from xaxd?, 6crf 
 ava$ios, unworthy " alto?, worthy. 
 
 2. The negative word corresponding to the perfect passive 
 participle is the verbal adjective in TO'S (sometimes an adjective 
 in os) t w ith the negative prefix. E. g. 
 
 g, written aygamog, unwritten, from 
 
 roasted ayrjTog, not roasted, from 
 
 g, salted avdkaiog, not salted, from 
 
 A mixed number, the fractional part of which is 
 one half, may be formed by annexing the suffix -ypiav or -i 
 (from riniavg) to the cardinal number. E. g. 
 ptdftiav, svdfjiiav, one and a half 
 dvofiiav, two and a half 
 
 three and a half 
 tq-iduiov, seventy -seven and a half. 
 
 Some separate -fAtav from the first component part ; as, 
 
 dtxu '/utar, trviu ' uiov, dudexd fuav. 
 
PART III. 
 SYNTAX, 
 
 SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 
 
 133. The subject of a proposition is that of which any 
 thing is affirmed. 
 
 The predicate is that which is affirmed of the subject. 
 
 SUBJECT. 
 
 124. The subject is either a nominative, or a word 
 standing for a nominative. 
 
 The nominative, or its representative, may have other words 
 closely connected with it. 
 
 125. The verb agrees with its subject-nomi- 
 native in number and person. E. g. 
 
 run. c PTpfl$ mriyalvo^fv^ We go. 
 , Thou writest. 3 Eas~ig Uyzis, You say. 
 Avrbq entQiTTUTOvae, He was walking. 
 Ol ffT^TiWTt saxo-cwdrjaav, The soldiers were killed. 
 
 NOTE 1. In certain fashionable expressions, the number and person of the 
 verb are determined by the genitive of the personal pronoun limiting the nomi- 
 native. E. g. 
 
 TV tivrts h tlytvix <rov, What did your Nobility say 9 
 
 KaraXa^avsTg *a) arc? <ry, You yourself also perceive. 
 
 C H rifuorns fug rt itytrt tig rovro ; What does your Respectability say to 
 this? 
 
 Those who affect the height of politeness, or rather servility, use rnt for <rov 
 or vets : as, 'H l^a-? rns $ voffrip&usrui, Your (literally Her) Excel- 
 lency does not relish it. 
 
 NOTE 2. It is fashionable (but not servile) to use the second person plural 
 for the second person singular. E. g. 
 
 T/ xciftvtrt ; for T/ xxftvti; ; How do you do 9 
 a, ; for Wurui KO.\K j Are you well ? 
 
82 SYNTAX. [ I26-12S. 
 
 1 26. The nominatives fyoi, ^7?, eav, rc%, and all the 
 nominatives of avrog, are expressed only when emphasis is 
 required, or in case of antithesis. E. g. 
 *Ey<a Uyat, It is I that say. 
 Eailg TO exdfiETS xat o%i yptiS) You did it, not we. 
 
 127. 1. Two or more nominatives in the 
 singular, connected by xcu (expressed or under- 
 stood), take the verb in the plural, and in the chief 
 person, which is the first with respect to the 
 second and third, and the second with respect to 
 the third. E. g. 
 
 *Eyw x lav x' ixslvrj tTtyyalvafisv, I and thou and she were 
 
 going. 
 *Eav xal avrog xal txsitnj &a &Kf am, Thou and he and she 
 
 will hope. 
 *O xQoxodtdog x ?j aAwTrov eydoveixovaav, The crocodile and 
 
 the fox were disputing. 
 
 2. The verb may agree with the noun which 
 stands nearest to it. E. g. 
 
 Oa za&fi? lav, t/(b, y nohg, Thou and I and the city shall 
 
 perish. 
 
 "AyvtiHJTog tlvcu o ronog xal o %Qovo$ f Both the place and the 
 time are unknown. 
 
 NOTE. A nominative in the singular followed by the preposition ps, with, 
 may take the verb in the plural ; as, ^TOIXOS pi ra, raXXwxg/a ip*rix,an t 
 Sta'ikos entered with the brave men. 
 
 . When two or more nominatives of dif- 
 ferent persons are separated by fj, OVTS, or /terjrf, 
 the verb agrees with one of the nominatives, and 
 is understood after the rest. E. g. 
 
 Iff ^just? &a ^a^w^ey, ^ fXBtvrj, Either we shall perish or she 
 
 will. 
 Ovis laus ijaaa&s ixsi, OVT J fxelvi), Neither you were there, 
 
 nor was she. 
 Myis avTos, [WITS eau$ va, TujyalvftE, Neither must he nor you 
 
129-132.] SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 83 
 
 NOTE. When the nominatives are separated by ovn or pfot, the verb may be 
 in the plural, but it must precede or follow all the nominatives ; as, MJJTS rovros 
 (ivr \Ktlvos $tv ro l<rTo%u<rS-ti<retv, Neither this nor that man thought of ic. 
 
 139. A collective noun in the singular may 
 take the verb in the plural. E. g. 
 
 Ilotenovv % KfoyTovQid, The Klephts Jight. 
 
 Oa /us xavriyoQriaovv o xo'ff/wo?, The world will censure me. 
 
 13O. The person of a verb agreeing with the 
 relative pronoun is determined by the person of the 
 antecedent. E. g. 
 
 3 yw ajtov fitjUa/ <5cu, I who am here. 
 
 . Those who were caught. 
 
 131. The subject of verbs denoting the state 
 of the weather, or the operations of nature, is not 
 expressed. Thus, 
 
 , it lightens from aavQunxw 
 
 rains 
 K, it thunders fiyovrw 
 
 G, it is late 
 exodaavvsvas, it has cleared off 
 , it is dark 
 
 , it is day 
 &, it dawns 
 
 , it is day 
 , it snows 
 
 cpeyyw 
 
 13S. 1. In general, any word or clause may 
 be the subject of a proposition. 
 
 2. Particularly, the subject may be a verb in the 
 sjibjunctive mood preceded by vd or TO vd. Such 
 may be the subject of 
 
 anayoQtvvrcH, it is forbidden ; from anayoQevo). 
 t, it is enough; c^xw. 
 
 i, it is, followed by a neuter adjective, or by a preposi- 
 tion ; ti^ai. 
 
 s, it wanted, it was wanting; 
 
84 SYNTAX. [ 133, 134. 
 
 i, it is possible. 
 
 nginti, it is proper, it becomes ; nglnu. 
 avyxwg&iait it is permitted ; avyxwgw. 
 ovppalvei) it happens ; avu^alvot. 
 avutpigei, it benefits, it is of advantage ; 
 Tvxalvsi, srvxf, it happens, it happened ; rvxaivu. 
 wgpsAct, it benefits ; (ucpslw. 
 
 Etvai advvcnov vet yaai, xalog xal xaxog fig TOJ/ avrov xaigov, It 
 is impossible that you should be good and bad at the same 
 time. 
 
 va yvywfiw, We must go away. 
 
 3. The subject may be a verb in the indicative 
 preceded byjiri, that. Such may be the subject of 
 
 it is said ; from fo'^w. 
 
 i, it is conjectured or inferred; avunsQalro). 
 , it appears, it seems ; q.ah-ouui. 
 i, it is enough ; cp&ava. 
 
 vsToct OTI avaxwgijas, It is conjectured that he has 
 departed. 
 
 4>alvsTai on anaTrj&rjxautv, It seems that we have been de- 
 ceived. 
 
 ^ 133. Sometimes a verb, most commonly eijtai, 
 to be,-is to be supplied after the nominative. E. g. 
 
 To TiQayfia xaiov, dsv \%si ofttag nijguaiv, The article is good } 
 
 but there is no demand for it. 
 
 MagTvyeg ol udeJicpol fiov, My brothers are witnesses. 
 Kalo xt auro / Pretty thing this ! 
 MyTS o m<a%og fii^Ts o loyog TQV, Neither the poor nor his 
 
 word (is good for any thing). 
 
 ^ 134. In certain cases, the subject becomes 
 the object of the preceding proposition. E. g. 
 
 Tov aroxd^ofiaL OTI anoxtcpod.ia&rixs 'g irjv Hohv, I think he 
 
 was decapitated at Constantinople. 
 J7^o(jf^ T^V &VQCIV vet rjvai ndvxa xAta/uVi/, See that the door 
 
 is always shut. 
 Jiv yvugi&i TOV avffjiov ano nov q>vaa, He don't know from 
 
 what direction the wind blows. 
 
135-139.] SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 85 
 
 ^ 135. The nominative with or without an 
 interjection is used in certain exclamations. E. g. 
 
 3 Jdov xal o rl^iLog av&gwnog ! Behold also_ the honest man ! 
 
 No, togT There he is ! 
 
 Na txiiros o avorjiog ! There t see that fool! 
 
 JiTT "KTTVTSHSI'l 
 136. The nominative is used in designating 
 
 an object without asserting any thing respecting it. 
 E.g. 
 
 XQVOOOTOUOV -tot, anavia, Chrysostom's works. 
 
 To dQcifia o TvxodiaxTyg, The play " The Adventurer." 
 
 Tyg yoiiiuc, % 'Evvvto, Of the schooner Ennyo. 
 
 ^ 137. When a transformation is spoken of, the 
 nominative is used with the pre|iQsilioiL^^ E. g. 
 
 3 JE(jv onto GTQttTKaTqg t'ytvfg cpdoGocpog, From a soldier you 
 
 have become a philosopher. 
 C O TrjQtvg ano av&Qwnog tywe novll, Tereus from a man 
 
 became a bird. 
 
 1 3 8. The nominative regularly precedes its verb, as in 
 English. It is, however, commonly put after the verb, 
 
 1. In interrogative clauses not beginning with the interroga- 
 tive pronoun. E. g. JIov elvcti aviog ; Where is he? 
 iav o n\olttQ%og / Are you the captain 1 
 
 2. In animated discourse. E. g. "Epeivs o z/mxo? V in 
 (puna fis dixoxTtu Jitfe'viais, Diakos, with eighteen heroes, re- 
 mained in the heat of battle. 
 
 3. After relative adverbs. E. g. llgoausvs I'wg va jy>&otarj 
 o (ftttoe, Wait till_ the friend arrives. e >Qaa^jm^^v r^aav ol 
 Jl^oai Tf'xva yvvccixwv, As if the Persians were not children of 
 women. 
 
 PREDICATE. 
 
 13O. The predicate is either a verb alone, or a verb 
 and a substantive, adjective, pronoun, or participle, with the 
 words (if there be any) connected with it. 
 8 
 
86 SYNTAX. [ 140, 141. 
 
 14O. 1. A substantive in the predicate is put 
 in the nominative, if it refers to the subject. E. g. 
 
 C H 'AcpQoSliTj tivat #', Venus is a goddess. 
 
 2fi? &a ytvijis aTQairj'/oi, You will become generals. 
 
 EiactL ioi) loyov aov o xaQafioxvyys ; Are you the captain, sir 1 
 
 *Extivo<; ovofjuxa&r} Ev&vuioc, ffe was called Euthymius. 
 
 div tivai {vigour] TO va bp.o\oyri xavelg TJJV a t uu&iiuv TOV, To 
 
 acknowledge one's ignorance is no disgrace. 
 *Eptivs Tidal xal xdxa/lo, He is nothing but skin and bone. 
 
 2. The gender, number, and case of an adjective 
 standing in the predicate and referring to the sub- 
 ject, are determined by the rule for the agreement 
 of adjectives ( 144). E. g. 
 
 ilvai ^avqog, The Arab is black. 
 x'ngivog, He became yellow. 
 Ti tlvai TOUTO / What is this ? 
 Elvat tv&rivov, It is cheap. 
 
 NOTE. The number and gender of an adjective in the predicate may be 
 determined by the number and gender implied in the subject. E. g. 
 "EliffSt #tou[Ats, You are eager. 
 Afag fccu fi i$ f . u , Worthy is your Lordship. ( 125. N. 1.) 
 
 V. 
 
 3. When the subject is any word but a nomina- 
 tive (^ 132), the adjective or pronoun in the predi- 
 cate is neuter singular. E. g. 
 
 AEV sivaiTSlxaiov va xaTCKpgovwvTcu ol advvaioi, It is not just 
 
 that the weak should be despised. 
 ni&uvov slvat va TOVI; aplay, It is probable that he will please 
 
 them. 
 Atv flvai naga&vov uv ra avd^dnoda d)(W w$ ctydqanoda, It is 
 
 not strange that slaves should live like slaves. 
 
 SUBSTANTIVE. 
 
 141. 1. A substantive annexed to another 
 substantive or personal pronoun, denoting the same 
 person or thing, is put in the same case. 
 
$<> 142, 143.] SUBSTANTIVE. 87 
 
 A substantive, thus annexed to another substantive or pro- 
 noun, is said to be in apposition with it. E. g. 
 
 Jrjfioa&evrjg o Q^KOQ, Demosthenes the orator. 
 C dnoaroJiog 3>lhTinog t Philip the apostle. 
 Tijg notewq Spvqvij?, Of the city Smyrna. 
 C O XgyoTog o Mdiovrjg, Chrestos Miliones. 
 Nopoi, duov EVQtjfiu, Laws, a divine invention. 
 T 0ardar t g Buiag, Athanasios Bhdias. 
 
 2. A substantive, in apposition with two or more 
 substantives "or personal pronouns, is put in the 
 plural and in the same case. E. g. 
 
 'ffQodorog xal Oovxvdldyg ol IcfTogixol, Herodotus and Thu- 
 
 cydides, the historians. 
 c Movaracpag, o Xaadvrig, xal o Mt^i-itirig, ol naaddtg, Mus- 
 
 tafa, Hasan, and Mehmet, the pashas. 
 
 142. National appellatives may be used ad- 
 jectively. E. g. 
 
 Ol rgctixoi Ktiircai, The Greek Klephts. 
 TOVQXOL (pdooocpoi, Turkish philosophers. 
 c O rdMog owwtrtrtatt The French colonel. 
 
 143. The limiting noun, which regularly is 
 put in the genitive, is put in apposition with the 
 limited noun, when the latter denotes quantity in 
 general. E. g. 
 
 Miu oxd ifjdQia, An oka ofjish. 
 "jEva JIOTTJQI VBQOV, A cup of water. 
 
 &vyaQia vnodyfiara, Three pairs of boots. 
 
 dt5? TOVQXOI, Five thousand Turks. 
 
 tixoactQia xicpuha, AbouLtwenly heads. 
 
 aufjia 'JERyvixo, Abundance of Grecian blood. 
 1 Eva xofApaTi ywpl, A morsel of bread. 
 
 NOTE. This idiom is not uncommon in Greek (Greek Gram. 136. N. 5). 
 Some have imagined that the modern Greeks borrowed it of the Turks ; and 
 some, that the preposition a,<ro, of, is understood before the latter noun ; both 
 of which suppositions are wrong. (See also Stuart's Hebr. Gram. 435.) 
 
88 SYNTAX. [ 144, 145. 
 
 ADJECTIVE. 
 
 1/44. 1. An adjective agrees with its sub- 
 stantive in gender, number, and case. 
 
 This rule applies also to the article, the adjective pronouns, 
 and the participle. E. g. 
 
 Kodog av&Qwnog, A good man. 
 Tov xaxbv pauifa'ct, The bad king. 
 Ol fdixol pov qp/Aot, My friends. 
 Jlolav yvviuxa, ; What woman 1 
 c JI[*wv jifQiTtaiovviuv, Of us walking. 
 
 2. If an adjective refers to two or more substan- 
 tives, it is put in the plural, and in the leading 
 gender, which is the masculine with respect to the 
 other genders, and the feminine with respect to the 
 neuter. E. g. 
 
 Ol avdQfs xal ul yvvaixtg xat ia naiSla TrsQifisvovTeg, The men 
 
 and the women and the children waiting. 
 Al yvvaixfq xat ra naidlct avaxo)Qijaaaai t The women and the 
 
 children having departed. - 
 
 NOTE. The adjective may agree in gender with the nearest substantive ; as, 
 '0 fieuf xi TO etJua, o* *-orxoX*.>ip.tvov, The sweat and the blood adhering. 
 
 145. 1. Any adjective may be used substan- 
 tively, the substantive with which it agrees being 
 understood. E. g. 
 
 Ol xaxol, The wicked. 
 e H via, The young woman. 
 Tu [tixQci, The little ones, or The small things. 
 
 2. The neuter singular of an adjective, preceded 
 by the article, may be used for the corresponding 
 abstract noun. E. g. 
 
 To yJivxov, Suavity. 
 
 Tov xaxoiJ, Of the principle of evil. 
 
$<$ 146 - 149.] ADJECTIVE. 89 
 
 ^ 146. Masculine and feminine adjectives are 
 often, especially in poetry, used for their corre- 
 sponding adverbs. E. g. 
 
 3 Enriya. nfog, I went on foot. 
 
 c O avspog axhrigog ag ^ (pvaqar), Let not the wind blow vio- 
 
 lently. 
 TantLvoraTrj aov yiyvti rj TQiaa&ha xcqpcdf?, Most humbly 
 
 bends thy thrice, wretched ^ 
 
 147. When an adjective (or adverb) is re- 
 peated without any intervening word, it has the 
 force of the superlative. E. g. 
 
 Mia. yylri ifj^lr) XQ[AU&QCX, A very high gallows. 
 IltQinaTsi uyaha ayaha, He walks very slowly. 
 See also Stuart's Hebrew Grammar, 338 ; Fourth Edition, 
 1831. 
 
 COMPARATIVES. 
 
 ^ 148. 1. The comparative with the article before it has 
 the force of the superlative!! E7g. 
 
 C Q xsiQOTSQog av&gwjiog rov xoa/uov, The worst man in the 
 world. 
 
 2. The comparative may be preceded by the adverb 
 more. E. g. 
 
 Eivat, nkdov ocanQOTSQi], She is whiter. 
 
 f O Tiltov ti^icaifQog av&Qwnog, The most honest man. 
 
 NOTE. There are those who form the comparative by prefixing <rxlov, more, 
 to the positive; as, Hxiav fAfyd^os, greater; IIXsov si>ati<r&tiros, more sensitive. 
 
 NUMERALS. 
 
 140. 1. The numeral adjective Ei'otg or eig, one t cor- 
 responds also to the English a or an. E. g. 
 ^Evng tvysryg, A nobleman. 
 Mia tabula via, A beautiful young woman. 
 "Eva a&oloyov fiifiUov, An excellent book. 
 
 2. When prefixed to a word denoting a drinkable fluid, 
 denotes a cup (or a draught) of that fluid. E. g. 
 
 8* 
 
90 SYNTAX. [150-152. 
 
 Eva XQCtai, A cup (or glass) of wine. 
 
 Eva vtQo, A glass of water, A drink of water. 
 
 3. The numeral dvo, when preceded by xal with the article, 
 means both. E. g. 
 
 Kofi ol dvo tqtvyav, Both Jled. 
 
 Talg tTiiaaav xal rat? dvo, They caught them both. 
 
 4. The expression xal oi, when it precedes the cardinal 
 numbers, except !><* and dvo, means a//, every one of. E. g. 
 
 A'ta TO iv 7TM TOI'V xoH<(jv, They have hanged every one 
 of the Jive. 
 
 1 oO. 1. In dates, the word r^iga, or ITO?, is to be sup- 
 plied after the ordinal number. E. g. 
 
 TJJV 7io(oir t v TOV 'lowlov, sc. r t uigav, On the first of June. 
 Kuiit TO ziJiioarbv oxTaxoaioarov TfaaagaxoaTov dsvifgor, sc, 
 , In the year eighteen hundred forty -two. 
 
 2. When the hour of the day is spoken of, woa is to be sup- 
 plied after the cardinal number. E. g. 
 
 Elni TOV va sJL&ij '$ ii]v filar, Tell him to come at one. 
 
 NOTE. In dates, many use the cardinal numerals ; as, '2 T/J Toia.tr* 
 rtv yii<tiov, On the thirtieth of January. '2 ret /Xt o^raxovtct 
 Si*, sc. xpn*t I n the year 1842. 
 
 ARTICLE. 
 
 . 1. In its leading signification, the article 
 corresponds to the in English. 
 
 2. A noun in the singular withput the article is 
 often equivalent to the corresponding English noun 
 with a or an before it. E. g. 
 
 Tt, A bad head. 
 rtf, A frigid poet. 
 
 ^ 152. 1. Proper names generally take the 
 article. The article, however, may be omitted 
 
153, 154.] ARTICLE. 91 
 
 when the proper name is accompanied by a sub- 
 stantive with the article. E. g. 
 
 C O Otodwgog, Theodore. 
 
 6 ajgairiyog, Kara'i shakes, the general. 
 
 2. Abstract nouns, and names of sciences and 
 of the elements of nature may take the article. E. g. 
 
 C H agsTr) eivai nyci/pa enaivsiov, Virtue is a praiseivorthy 
 
 thing. 
 
 *H /6J/uf TQIOI sivai emaTqfM), Geometry is a science. 
 e O arjQ eiroci owfia AacmxtoTTov, Air is a very elastic body. 
 slvou phaMov, Gold is a metal. 
 
 When the masculine of the article is 
 followed by the genitive denoting a city, province, 
 or country, one of the following words is to be 
 supplied ; sjtLaxoTios, ag%L7tic>%07tos, [MfigoTtohiiris, 
 TtajQidgxys, fiatiifavs (rarely). E. g. 
 
 e O ^EQV&^V, sc. eniaxonog, The bishop of Ery three. 
 
 C drfiiriTQiddog, sc. aQyiGnlaxonog, The Archbishop of De- 
 
 metrias. 
 Tov aylov 2^iVQvr]g t SC. ^TQonoUiov, Of his Holincss t the 
 
 metropolitan of Smyrna. 
 
 Tov 3 Alt&vdQla$, sc. TuxTQuxQxrjv, The patriarch of Alexan- 
 dria. 
 
 154. 1. An adjective, possessive pronoun, or 
 participle, is placed between the article and the 
 substantive. 
 
 But when emphasis is required, the article is 
 placed before both the substantive and its adjective ; 
 or the substantive without the article may precede 
 the adjective with its article. E. g. 
 
 C O rlftioi; BfinoQog, The honest merchant. 
 
 C II tdixr) aov ^V/IXT^Q, Thy daughter. 
 
 c uv&Q(ano<; o voyo?, The wise man, or rather, The man who 
 
 is wise. 
 
 Tot <xju7iJUa T edixd ootg, Your vineyards. 
 
92 SYNTAX. [ 155. 
 
 C O xaylos o /uiUo?, The good mill. 
 
 vai? f] cfttVTaalatc, The cold fancies. 
 o dlxaiog, The just king. 
 
 NOTE 1. When the article is not used, the adjective may be placed before 
 or after its substantive. E. g. 
 
 s, or BaSw; Qikoffotpos, A deep philosopher. 
 
 NOTE 2. When the adjective stands before or after the substantive and its 
 article, ttftai or its participle ui is to1>e supplied. R g. 
 To ray/* xaXo'y, The thing is good, not The good thing. 
 MfyaXa^y^o TO pun, The eye beinz magnanimous, not The magnanimous 
 eye. 
 
 2. The article, in elevated style, may be separ- 
 ated from its substantive by an adnominal genitive, 
 a preposition, or an adverb, with the words con- 
 nected with it. E. g. 
 
 C O TOV dv&Qwnov vovg, The mind of man. 
 
 'fl (pvaixrj TOV av&Qwnov xUatg, The natural disposition of 
 
 man. 
 Tyg sx TOVTOV TiQoadoxwfiEvvjg wcpfltiotg, Of the benefit expected 
 
 from this. 
 
 Tov tunQoa&iv pov xslptvov vexQov, The dead man that lies 
 before me. 
 
 3. The participle with the article before it is 
 equivalent to ixsivos followed by the relative pro- 
 noun and the corresponding verb. E. g. 
 
 C O cpvywv aTQctTKarrjg, equivalent to C O oigaTKairig oaiig tyvye. 
 The soldier that fed. 
 
 155. When a noun, which has just preceded, 
 would naturally be repeated, the article belonging 
 to it is alone expressed. E. g. 
 
 C O innog /uov xal o TOV addcpov pov, My horse and that of 
 my brother. 
 
 Many, however, following the idiom of the languages of 
 Western Europe, use fxiirog for the article ; as, To nloiov pov 
 xal exelro TOV cpttov pov, My vessel and that of my friend. 
 
156, 157.] ARTICLE. 93 
 
 156. 1. The demonstrative pronoun and 
 ally are placed either before the substantive and its 
 article, or after the substantive. E. g. 
 
 Toviog o av&Qconos, This man. 
 c fl yvvalxa Ixc/w/, That woman. 
 
 2. The article may be placed before T&, toiov- 
 TOS or Tfjotos, Totfos, Ttolos, itotfos (in indirect in- 
 terrogations), xa&evas, and xd&s. 
 
 To tl va B/IVS y pawn TOV ; What has become of his mother 1 
 Tl Tovg exapve tovg toiomovg y What was he in the habit of 
 
 doing to such persons 1 
 e H To'o-7? -ictQoexrj, This great tumult. 
 To noto, Which of the two. 
 
 TO noaov naaxovv, Consider how much they suffer. 
 rov xa#fVa, / advise every one. 
 
 3. The indefinite demonstratives Seiva and rcide 
 always take the article. E. g. 
 
 Tov I'dsg rov 8iiva; Have you seen such-a-one 1 
 nov slv' 6 icxde ; Where is so-and-so 1 
 
 1. The neuter singular of the article 
 may be placed before prepositions commencing 
 with vd or OIL. E. g. 
 
 To va ofAdfi xdvel?, That one should talk. 
 
 To on ^xov Tovgxog, The fact that he was a Turk. 
 
 2. It is placed before single words, regarded as 
 substantives, which are explained or quoted. E. g. 
 
 Mttaxtigl&iai TO tyto, He uses the word lyw, I. 
 
 To " ctvib? TO I'xw^s," The expression) " He did it." 
 
 To peaa xotl TO c'lw, The " in " and the " out." 
 
 3. In grammar and lexicography, every word 
 regarded as an independent object, takes the article 
 of the word denoting the part of speech to which it 
 belongs. E. g. 
 
94 SYNTAX. [158-160. 
 
 To (tovaa, sc. ovopa, The noun //oiW, muse. 
 C H ixtivog, sc. ttnw'Vftlm, The pronoun exIyo, that. 
 " O xa/, sc. avvdeafiog, The conjunction xa/, anrf. 
 
 NOTE. In a few instances, the article TO before an adverb does not essentially 
 affect the meaning of that adverb ; as, TO Xo< Wv, then, therefore, consequently ; 
 TO xetToriv, at one's heels. 
 
 . The article is equivalent to the demon- 
 strative pronoun when it immediately precedes ooos 
 or otiTis. E. g. 
 
 'AJIO TOVS oaoi enedvpyaav, From as many as wished. 
 Els *ov oang dtlrjar], To him who shall be willing. 
 Ta oaa imnrffatuut, The events which happened. 
 
 NOTE. The neuter TO is equivalent to TOVTO in the expression Ta xa< re, This 
 and that, So and so ; as, ETa-i TO **} TO, He said so and so. 
 
 ^ 159. In certain antiquated expressions, the 
 article has the force of the relative pronoun. E. g. 
 
 OUQSIS -lov a/anaj, Thou seest him whom I love. 
 
 Ta (ptQvTi y WQU, o XQOVOS Ssv T cpsyvei, What an hour brings, 
 
 a year may not. 
 
 Ta xQova-cag n^govtiq, What you owe you must pay. 
 Iloao TOV TiQsnei va nd&r) xa cpo^atai, How much he deserves 
 
 to suffer what he fears. 
 
 PRONOUN. 
 PERSONAL PRONOUN. 
 
 16O. 1. The dissyllabic and polysyllabic forms of the 
 oblique cases of the personal pronoun are more emphatic than 
 the corresponding monosyllabic ones. 
 
 For the nominatives tyw, lav, &c. see above ( 126). 
 
 2. The enclitic forms (as such) are not used after a prepo- 
 sition. E. g. 
 
 El? ffiera, To me, never El? ut. 
 
 'AJTO r^aq or ^uac, From us, never *Ano pa?. 
 
 ngo? aviov, To him. 
 
161-163.] PRONOUN. 95 
 
 161. The genitive of the personal pronoun, when it 
 limits a substantive, may refer either to the subject of the 
 proposition in which it stands, or to a person or thing different 
 from it. E. g. 
 
 ""ids (or"ldcc) xbv nareoa pov, He (or /) saw my father. 
 JK-cdhsgytig (or /faAA*/w) tov xilnov aov, You (or /) culti- 
 
 vate your garden. 
 
 'jEvlxyaav (or 'jEvlxyofg} TOV$ fx&Qv$ rcav > They (or You) con- 
 quered their enemies. 
 
 NOTE 1. The uneducated sometimes use the personal pronoun instead of the 
 reflexive after certain prepositions ; as, "l^tg pi #v <rov v<r/V ierivet vvftQiov 
 <rov vl'ov ffov, You saw with delight your son made bridegroom in your stead. 
 
 NOTE 2. Instead of etiirov from auras, some use the Greek uvrou for luurov, 
 when it refers to the subject of the proposition ; as, 'ULripufft rov xot.<ri^a. avrov, 
 He honored his father. But as there is no difference in pronunciation between 
 avrov and avrov, this distinction may be considered as savoring of pedantry. 
 
 1G2. The oblique cases of the personal pronoun may be 
 repeated] in which case the longer forms of the accusative are 
 put in apposition with the monosyllabic accusatives. E. g. 
 
 'E^iha |U agios, He pleases me, or / am pleased with him. 
 
 Tl as ^uf'Aa foevct ; What is that to thee ? 
 
 Holog TO txafifv ovro / Who has done this ? 
 
 Avrov dsv TOV Af/7m 'TITIOTS, Nothing is wanting to him. 
 
 2ov I'xAcj/yav TO novyyl aov, They have stolen thy purse. 
 
 Tov tJiha&v TO xf^paAt TOV, They struck off his head. 
 
 NOTE. The genitives pou, <rov, TOV, may be accompanied by the accusatives 
 iftivx, tffiva,, avrev or ixtivev, respectively. E. g. 
 
 'E^sva 'vai ftetxgid (jt,ov, He is far away from me. 
 
 Avrov 5v rov t^uxx rivorx, I did not give any thing to him. 
 
 'ILxiTvo *ovt7 w pei%n rov, Its back aches. 
 
 1G3. 1. Aviog, rj, o', hz, she, it, may be used for the 
 demonstrative pronoun. E. g. 
 
 Aviov rov xceAov CXV&QWTIOV, That good man. 
 
 2. ^TO'S, joined to a substantive or to a personal pronoun of 
 the first and second persons, signifies self, very. With respect 
 to position, it follows the analogy of the demonstrative pronoun 
 (156.1). E.g. 
 
 tovq TOVQXOVS (tviovq, From the Turks themselves. 
 avios, I myself. The article is not used when avtos is 
 appended to pronouns. 
 
96 SYNTAX. [ 164, 165. 
 
 3. With the article immediately before it, aviog signifies the 
 same. E. g. 
 
 JIf()i irjg amr t g vno&tawg, Concerning the same subject. 
 
 164. 1. The oblique cases of the monosyllabic forms 
 of aviog (and sometimes of the other personal pronouns) may 
 be subjoined to the relative pronoun in the same proposition. 
 
 IJgayfia onov dsv TO voaTipsvopou, A thing which I do not 
 
 relish. 
 TOJV onolwv o s^o^og TWV pag ixaQonolrjas, WTiose arrival has 
 
 gladdened us. 
 
 2. They may be subjoined also to a noun or to TOVTOC and 
 fx?vo, in the same proposition. E. g. 
 
 Tov xanudyov dsv TOV tniaaav, The captain they did not 
 
 catch. 
 
 "Ola sins TOV i, Tell him all. 
 'Exslvov dsv &a vbv xoyovv, They will not behead him. 
 
 16o. 1. When the monosyllabic genitives depend on a 
 substantive or adverb, they are always enclitic. E. g. 
 C O &cos.j*oy t My God. 
 Tov av&gwnov aag, Your man. 
 2ifia loiv or TOV?, Near them. 
 c O nywxog pov av&evTTjg, My former master. 
 TavirjV fiov TTJV yvta^riv, This my opinion. 
 
 2. When they depend on a verb in the indicative or sub- 
 junctive, they are generally pxociitic ; but when on the impera- 
 tive or participle, they are always enclitic. E. g. 
 
 Ms fine, He told me. 
 
 "Oiav rov idyg, When you have seen him. 
 
 *lde rovg, See them. 
 
 3 Axovovid$ TTJV, Hearing her. 
 
 3. When both the immediate and remote object of a verb 
 are monosyllabic pronouns, the remote object always precedes 
 the immediate. 
 
 Further, in the indicative and subjunctive, these pronouns are 
 proclitic ; in the imperative and participle, they are enclitic, as 
 in the examples in the preceding paragraph. E. g. 
 
166-168.] PRONOUN. 97 
 
 Mov TO tdtigf, He has shown it to me. 
 Tovg TW cpeQvti, He brings them to them. 
 fl% TOV TO, Show it to him. 
 
 ug TOV T, Giving them to him. 
 
 4. The proclitic pronouns are always placed after the auxil- 
 iary #/la) (with its various modifications), and also after div, 
 [tyv or |U??, and va E. g. 
 
 Oa TOV Idoj, I will see him. 
 
 Jfv -&u os Ttfirjaovv, They will not honor thee. 
 
 Mr\v TOV TietQatyg, Do not trouble him. 
 
 .ZVa xr}v ntaoo) ; May I catch her ? 
 
 REFLEXIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 1 GG. The reflexive pronoun refers to the subject of the 
 proposition in which it stands. E. g. 
 
 Toajps lov kavrov aov, Support thyself. 
 Eins s TOV eavTov TOV, 
 
 RECIPROCAL PRONOUN. 
 
 167. The verb agreeing with the first component part 
 of the reciprocal pronoun, is not expressed. E. g. 
 
 vv o siyxg rov ixttov, They accuse one another. 
 o fig XT TOV a'AAov, They rushed against each 
 other. 
 
 2Ttx6[tt$ct [laxQuv o tig TOV Hov si'xoat /?^T, }Ve stand 
 twenty paces from each other. 
 
 POSSESSIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 1G8. 1. The possessive pronoun is equivalent to the 
 genitive of the corresponding personal pronoun. With the 
 article before it, it is definite ; without the article, it is indefi- 
 nite. E. g. 
 
 To Idutov fiov @i@Uov, the same as To fiifiUov pov, My book ; 
 but 'Edixov (jiov pifiUov, A book of mine, One of my books. 
 OlJ$imLji<xg qpt'Aoi, Our friends ; 'j&ibisjy, pag <filoi, Friends 
 
 of ours, Some of our friends. 
 
 Tec Tiatdia T fSixa aov, Thy children; naidia Idixd aov, 
 Children of thine, Some of thy children. 
 9 
 
98 SYNTAX. [169-171. 
 
 2. The possessive pronoun in an answer refers to the geni- 
 tive of the interrogative pronoun in the question. E. g. 
 
 Tlvog ft*' aviog (j, oV) / *Edix6$ (ij, oV) /uov. Whose is 
 that ? Mine. 
 
 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 1 69. The interrogative pronoun is used both in direct 
 and in indirect questions, and in exclamations. E. g. 
 Tig TO teysi ; Who says it ? 
 
 JEV favQU Ttolog 10 cppty/E, / do not know who threw it. 
 Tl aiwnri ! What silence ! 
 Tl dev fir at ixavol va. xapovv ! What are they not able to do! 
 
 that is, They can do every thing- ! 
 Jtuos p.ov TO piftUov. IIolov ; Give me the book. Which ? 
 
 INDEFINITE PRONOUN. 
 
 17O. When the indefinite pronoun agrees with a sub- 
 stantive expressed, it means, a certain, some, any, a or an. 
 
 Without a substantive expressed, it means, a certain one, 
 some one, somebody, some person. E. g. 
 
 "AV&QWTIQS rt, or Kunotog av&Qwnog, A certain man. 
 Mtgixot qp/Aot fiov, Some friends of mine. 
 "l8e$ -ilnoif Toi'Qxovg , Have you seen any Turks ? 
 Kanotog TO I'xa/if, Some one did it. 
 Tiviq earozda&yaav, Some persons have imagined. 
 l Ityovv, Some say. 
 
 NOTE 1. In certain interrogatire clauses, xini; refers to the person who 
 speaks, and xH-reies to the person addressed. E. g. TV va xttp.r, xattig ; 
 What can one (that is, /) do ? Ka<rj0; S^a Q/iyy %vXo, Some one (that is, yoii) 
 will get a whipping. 
 
 NOTE 2. Kar< may mean something in the sense of a remarkable thing, 
 something great ; as, KT< TO B-appeurs, He thought it was something great. 
 
 NOTE 3. Ka-n, used subs tan tively, may be accompanied by -n : as, "E%u 
 KO.TI rt, I have something. 
 
 17'!. In answer to a question, y.aviig, ilnors, and the 
 adverbs axo'//?/, xa^o'Aov, TIOT, and nov&erd or orot'TioTf, are 
 negative. E g. 
 
172-174.] PRONOUN. 90 
 
 4sv i'ds? xavevav ; Karsvav, Have you not seen anybody ? 
 
 Nobody. 
 
 "%fi$ TlnoTs ; Tlnors, Have you anything 1 Nothing. 
 Tl xdpvdg avTov ; TlnoTe, What are you doing there 1 
 
 Nothing. 
 Tov I'dsg TIOTS; Ilors, Did you ever see him 1 Never. 
 
 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 IT'S. 1. TOVTO? denotes that which is near the person 
 who speaks ; txslvo? refers to a person or thing remote from 
 both the speaker and the person addressed. 
 
 It rnay be observed here, that when the object is near the 
 person addressed, UVTOS is used ( 163). E. g. 
 TOVTOI ol cpiloi, These friends. 
 To fjaxaiQi rovro, This knife, which is near me. 
 ^JExslrov TOV xaiQov, Of that time. 
 
 Tl &a TO xdpiis uvio ,- What icill you do with that, which is 
 near you 1 
 
 NOTE. The same remark applies also to the corresponding adverbs ?$, here, 
 etUTtu, there, where you are, and !<", there. 
 
 2. 3 E%fivo<;, v], o, means also he, she, it. E. g. Tl a' tin 
 f What did he say to you 1 
 
 173. The neuters TOVTO and ivuvo, (also nvro when 
 used demonstratively,) may be put in apposition with a clause. 
 
 Rg. 
 
 *A\V uv ane&avfv o 7rvto~x(ov, TOVTO div firai ivjgonr], But if the 
 patient has died, this is no disgrace. 
 
 RELATIVE PRONOUN. 
 
 174. 1. The relative pronoun agrees with the 
 noun to which it refers in gender and number ; its 
 case is determined by the clause in which it stands. 
 E. g. 
 
 man who came y ester do y, has departed to-day. 
 
 C r \ c * w * J r f\ f_f* 
 
 H &vyaTriQ TOV, Ttjv onoictv ctyouiovae now, otns&avf, His 
 daughter, whom he loved much, is dead. 
 
100 SYNTAX. [175-177. 
 
 f O ovy/Qtupevg, jov onolov to avyy^n^^a edaipda&r], exotradt- 
 xuadri (I? ddvator, The author, whose work has been ad- 
 mired, is condemned to death. 
 
 The word to which the relative refers is called the ante- 
 cedent. 
 
 2. If the relative refers to two or more antece- 
 dents, it is put in the plural, and in the leading 
 gender (^ 144. 2). E. g. 
 
 Ol i<5^fc xal al yvvaixig xal TU naidla ol onoloi ava^uQ^aav, 
 The men and women and children who have departed. 
 
 Al yvrouxfz y.al T naiola al onolai nooo^itvovy, The women 
 and children who are waiting. 
 
 175. The indeclinable onov is almost always 
 used as nominative or accusative. E. g. 
 
 3 J^xflvog onov r t tov edu, Ife who was here. 
 Aviov onov fiJiiTifi?, Him whom you see. 
 
 Further, it is never used after a preposition. 
 
 NOTE. In phrases like the following, xw, although untranslatable, is abso- 
 lutely necessary to the sense : 
 
 T/ yjTj oftv ittreti ! What a fool you are ! 
 T; xtfu^i txtv t%ti ! What a head he has got I 
 
 176. The antecedent of the accusatives o- 
 :, oTtov, oTtoiosdijTtoTe, and of o it, may be 
 
 omitted, when it is a general word (TOVTOS, Ixefros, 
 
 &,c.). E.g. 
 
 3 Exgf^ivovof onoiov rjfrt).f, He hanged whomever he pleased. 
 ^ ^Avddffia TU yQn(J t uara xal onov ia ^e'A/ Cursed be literature 
 
 and he who likes it ! 
 MIXQOV lirui o ft 7j$>lij(jtt rot xot^iw, Little is what I wished 
 
 to do. 
 "Eif/s o rt iov Tj'o^fTo ft? TO xf(fu).i, He said whatever came 
 
 into his head. 
 
 177. The proposition containing the relative 
 may, by inversion, be placed before that containing 
 the antecedent, when emphasis is required. 
 
$ 178, 179.] PRONOUN. 101 
 
 This applies to Sang, o TI, onov, onoiog, onoioadynoTs, and 
 oaog. It applies also to the relative adverbs. E. g. 
 "O TI yddayg Uyng, You talk at random. 
 "Onov nfivctfi, xo/w/uaua oriigewTcu, He who is hungry dreams 
 
 of loaves. 
 
 "Onoiov idyg, mdas TOV, Catch whomever you shall see. 
 "Oaovg eaxoTwaa, tlvai noMol, They are many whom I have 
 
 slain. 
 "Oiav TOV idfig, sins TOV, When you see him, tell him. 
 
 NOTE. The pedants and their disciples make some very ludicrous inversions. 
 E. g. 'H <ri/ rtjs iroiets u[ii*.viffK(Aiv vre&ia'is, The business about which we 
 have talked. 'O oiriits vrg%$ls * retvrtjv TWV jrX<v itpwyetbivSn avw^, The 
 man who yesterday was banished this city. 
 
 1. Sometimes the relative takes, by 
 attraction, the case of its antecedent. E. g. 
 
 Kaidloyog TWV ootov evplaxovTut Ida, A list of what is found 
 
 here. 
 
 3 x TMV o(jwv as edtyyiq&rjv, From what I have related to thee. 
 To i'leys fig onotov xal at> tyzovvictv, He would say it to what- 
 
 ever man would come. 
 
 TOV onoiotvov s gty g TO nct%aQi aov 
 Woe unto him who shall be found under thy knife. 
 
 2. On the other hand, the antecedent sometimes 
 takes the case of its relative. E. g. 
 
 nirav onov dh Tgwysig 11 a' evvouz&i av y.alnai / A pie which 
 you are not to eat what do you care if it is burnt ? 
 
 OBJECT. 
 
 179. 1. That on which an action is exerted, or to 
 which it refers, is called the object. 
 
 2. The object is commonly put in the accusative or genitive. 
 
 Any word or clause may stand in the place of the accusative 
 or genitive. 
 
 3. Participles are followed by the same case as the verbs 
 from which they are derived. 
 
 4. When the active voice is followed by two cases, the 
 passive retains the latter. 
 
 9* 
 
102 SYNTAX. [180-182. 
 
 GENITIVE. 
 
 ISO. A substantive which limits another sub- 
 stantive, denoting a different person or thing, is put 
 in the genitive. 
 
 This rule applies also to the personal pronoun and to dura 
 and rude. 
 
 The genitive thus used is called adnominal. E. g. 
 *O xr,no$ jov (pilov, Tht friend's garden. 
 <Zt/lo? TOV fiaadt'ug, A friend of the king. 
 Tl AO/JJS avdQwnog iivai ; What sort of a man is he 1 
 "AV&QWTIOI; TOV a^otviov xal rov TioAoimov, A man of the rope 
 and the pole, A scape-gallows. 
 
 nmdiov, A boy seven years old. 
 iidtav, A heap of stones. 
 g TiTfJisag, A branch of an elm. 
 ot; aaq, Your servant. 
 Ol fy&Qol TWV, Their enemies. 
 Tov rdds TO xapa/?t, Such~a-one's ship. 
 
 NOTE 1. The uneducated express the relation of material by the accusative 
 with ire, of. E. g. 2r4<py/ T Xe'jXo&iet, A crown of flowers. 2*; OLTO 
 rirgais, A heap of stones. 2<racS) >., A wooden sword. (Compare 
 143. N.) 
 
 NOTK 2. When the limited noun is accompanied by an adjective, the genitive 
 may be placed immediately after the adjective. E. g. 'O x*Af rv p/Xf, Thy 
 good friend. 'H ie%ctia vr iSvy /3^/3*frjf, The ancient barbarism of 
 nations. 
 
 ^ 181. When a proper name in the genitive is 
 subjoined to another proper name, vids, son, or 
 , daughter, is to be supplied. E. g. 
 
 Nixoluov, Peter the son of Nicholas. 
 'ifaawov, Helen the daughter of John. 
 
 This idiom is prevalent in those parts of Greece where the 
 spirit of innovation has not yet introduced family names. 
 
 The genitive may be used where one 
 would naturally expect apposition. E. g. 
 
 '// TIO'/US TWV naQtaiuv, The city of Paris. 
 
183-186.] GENITIVE. 103 
 
 ^183. The genitive is put after tfyai, to be, to 
 belong to, to denote most of the relations expressed 
 by the adnominal genitive. E. g. 
 
 Tlvog tivou to ^w^ttqpt / Whose is the Jield? 
 
 C xynog flvai TOV qp/Aov pov, The garden belongs to my 
 
 friend. 
 
 n6a<ov zQovnv thai ; Plow old are you 1 
 Tlvos slaati ; Whose child are you 1 
 
 184. The enclitic genitives pas, cds, and TOVS 
 or TGJV, may be put after oAo*, all, 6 xa&sts, xai oi 
 Svo, and xal oi igsis, ( 149. 3, 4.) E. g. 
 
 "Clot, pag, All of us. 
 
 'O xa&elg pag, Each one of us. 
 
 Kal oi dvo xovg, Both of them. 
 
 185. The genitive is put after some adjec- 
 tives, the most common of which are opoios, jtago- 
 agios, at/iios, and i'8ios. E, g. 
 
 iio&rov, Like a beggar. 
 
 , Worthy of honor. 
 
 Al'nog tov xaxov, The causer of the evil. 
 3 EmdsxTix6g xaMifgytlag, Susceptible of cultivation, 
 "idiov tov apa&ovg, Peculiar to the ignorant. 
 
 "0/ioto? and naQopoiog may be followed by the accusative 
 with fie : as, "Opoiog fis easva, like unto thee. 
 
 1 86. The genitive, especially the enclitic geni- 
 tive of the personal pronoun, may be put after ad- 
 jectives of the comparative degree, to denote that 
 with which the comparison is made. E. g. 
 
 Eivou xalyTsgog aov, He is better than thou, or superior to 
 thee. 
 
 In general, however, the person or thing with which the 
 comparison is made, is put in the accusative with ano. E. g. 
 ocno eaeVa, Better than thou. 
 ano olovg, Worse than all. 
 an* tpiva, Farther than I (or me). 
 
104 SYNTAX. [187-189. 
 
 187. la certain phrases, the principal of 
 which appear in the examples, the genitive denotes 
 the cause, manner, means, place, or time. 
 
 3 Ani&avt trig ntivag, He died of starvation. 
 
 Tov xdxov xonidtig , You toil in vain. 
 
 ^Ttgtag teal TOV ntkdyov, By land and sea. 
 
 IIov ijaovv TOV ayiov Baodtiov / Where wast thou on Saint 
 
 Basil's day ? In such instances, TTJV yptgav or TTJV eooirjv, 
 
 may be supplied. 
 
 188. A substantive with a participle is put in 
 the genitive (called absolute), to denote the time, or 
 cause of, or any circumstance connected with, an 
 action. E. g. 
 
 Ano&avovTog TOV JTcoxoTorc, o nlaTMV tn^ytv tig Trjv Alyv- 
 TITOV, Socrates dying, Plato went to Egypt. 
 
 NOTE. Only the educated make use of the genitive absolute. The unedu- 
 cated use the nominative ; as, Tt^iietavnct auras trturo, TO. Xeyitt, 
 ' l*r, He finishing these words, we went away from thence. 
 
 1 89. 1. Adverbs of place are followed either 
 by the genitive, or by the accusative with els, pi, 
 or djto. 
 
 The following list contains most of the adverbs to which this 
 rule applies. 
 
 avdfifaa TOV or sl$ iov, between. 
 
 arafi(Ta$v TOV or il$ -tov, between, among. 
 
 antfinqoz or anojunQooTa TOV or ano TOV, from before. 
 
 ajii$<a ano TOV, without, from without. 
 
 .TOX'TW anb or dg TOV, under, below, from below. 
 
 aJtofif'aa anb TOV, from within. 
 
 anondvo anb TOV, above, from above. 
 
 unoniou anb TOV, beyond^ from beyond. 
 
 anoniaoi anb TOV, behind, from behind. 
 
 WTO? TOV, without, except, besides. 
 
 (pnybs or ffinQoaTu TOV or ti$ TOV, before. 
 
 fvavTtov TOV or tig TOV, against. 
 
 IvTog TOV, within. 
 
 l'|w TOV or anb TOV, out of. 
 
 inavot TOV or tig TOV, upon. 
 
190.] GENITIVE. 105 
 
 or w (I? TOV, as far as. 
 
 xarandvco or xT67iaj>w TOV, against. 
 
 xaroTTi TOV or ano ToV, behind, after, at one's heels. 
 
 xo'T TOV or fig TOV, near. 
 
 together with, with the enclitic genitive of the per- 
 sonal pronoun, or with ps TOV. 
 TO> or ano TOV, far from. 
 TOV or ano TOV, far from, 
 fisaa ilg TOV, in. 
 |UTai> TOV or tig TOV, between. 
 7roaxTft) ano TOV, a little below, 
 ano TOV, a little above. 
 TOV or fig TOV, near. 
 
 s, ever, never, with the enclitic genitive of the personal 
 pronoun. 
 
 TOV or tig TOV, near. 
 
 or TQiyvgov TOV or tig TOV, around, about. 
 or vaTfga ano TOV, after. 
 OI ano TOV, apart from, beside, 
 tag, see I'wg. 
 
 2. The numeral adverbs also are followed by the 
 genitive. E. g. 
 
 "Ana$ Trjg ypigaq, Once a day. 
 Jig Trig e/?<5o^a'<5o?, Twice a week. 
 
 ^ 1OO. After verbs signifying to give, to say, to 
 send, to find, to do, and some others, the genitive 
 is used for the accusative (^ 196). E. g. 
 
 pov xo^aTt y/w/u, Give me some bread, 
 lvpnog Uyii TOV Kiadfiov, Olympus says to Kisabhos. 
 TO TOV noirjTov aov, Say it to thy poet. 
 "yoays TOV cpttov TOV va e'A^, He wrote to Ms friend to come. 
 
 NOTE 1. As the genitives pas, ffa.f, revs, of the personal pronoun, do not 
 differ in form from the corresponding accusatives, it is impossible to determine 
 whether, in such phrases as A&W ftas $upt,i, Give us bread, (corresponding to 
 Auiri p.au ^afti, in the singular,) put is genitive or accusative. Either sup- 
 position is correct. 
 
 It is observed further, that eti/ruy and ruv are never used after these verbs. 
 
 NOTE 2. The genitive after these verbs is evidently equivalent to the Greek 
 dative. Those who consider the use of it, in such connexions, a barbarism, 
 
 
106 SYNTAX. [191-193. 
 
 will do well to compare it with the genitive of the Greek dual, and with the 
 genitive singular of the Latin first and fifth declensions. 
 
 191. The enclitic genitive of the personal 
 pronoun of the first and second persons is some- 
 times apparently superfluous. E. g. 
 
 Tl pov TOV xvTTa&ig , Why are you looking at him? (the 
 
 contrary would give me pleasure.) 
 2oi> TOV filva^s era xAo yafidl, He has given him a sound 
 
 beating, (it makes you glad to hear it, I know.) 
 
 193. The genitive is put after the following 
 prepositions. 
 
 3 Avii, instead of, in the place of. IJlvtt alua avil tdmog, He 
 
 drinks blood instead of water. 
 Jux, through, through the instrumentality of, by. tfa 
 
 dia TTjjs Bitvrrjg, He passed through Vienna. To t 
 
 did TOV <jp/Aov pug, I sent it through our friend. Jid usaov, 
 
 by means of. 
 *Ex or '!, from, out of, (a thing.) 3 JEx Zuvyvyg, From 
 
 Smyrna. 
 Kara, against. "Eygaye xaia cpdooocplag, He has written 
 
 against philosophy. 
 Mnd, with. ' O fiaadtvg fitia ir t g jSaadlaai]?, The king with 
 
 the queen, 
 nayd, from, by, (a person.) 'Hl&s naga iov aovhdvov, He 
 
 came from the sultan. 3 JS/^d(fi] naga TOV deiva, It was 
 
 written by such~a-one. 
 JltQi, about, concerning, of. rqdfpti m()l xctfinvlav ygauuuv, 
 
 He writes about curve lines. 
 n6, before, ago. UQO rr t g efidourjg rov urjvog, Before the 
 
 seventh of the month. 'AvaxwyTjas ngo TQIWV yufQav, He 
 
 departed three days ago. 
 e Tji6Q,for, in behalf of . 'Ane&avev vneg TictTQidog, He died for 
 
 his country. 
 c lW, by, after passive forms. 3 x8ldercii vno TOV duvog, It is 
 
 edited by such-a-man. 
 
 ACCUSATIVE. 
 
 ^ 193. The immediate object of a transitive 
 verb is put in the accusative. E. g. 
 
194, 195.] ACCUSATIVE. 107 
 
 KOKTH luAa, He cuts wood. 
 
 Ti xdpvHs ,- What are you doing 1 
 
 194. 1. The accusative is put after some 
 intransitive verbs. Also after dvayxaios and ct 
 ios, when they are in the predicate. E. g. 
 
 KJiulei tov vlov jr}?, She weeps for her son. 
 Hoact fifis psvovv ; How many remain to us 1 
 Jk/' ijA#f, He came to me. 
 Mi novel TO xcqpaJU, My head aches. 
 Tovg iivai avayxviioe, They are necessary for them. 
 V us tlvai, It is enough for you. 
 
 Verbs of this class are Igxofiai come to, xAa/w to weep for, 
 
 to be wanting to, ^ug'/Ut it concerns, peVw remain to, 
 become, novta ache, vg^m tremble at, tvxalvu happen to, 
 to be wanting to, and a few others. 
 
 2. Sometimes the accusative is of the same sig- 
 nification with the verb to which it is subjoined. 
 E. g. 
 
 TQIU Ticnriftcnot naiag, Thou steppest three steps. 
 4sv tq>TouJ:av xuviva cpial&fio, They have not committed any 
 fault. 
 
 1. Verbs signifying to demand, to ques- 
 tion^ to teach, to remind, to take away, to clothe, 
 and a few others, are followed by two accusatives 
 equally remote. E. g. 
 
 2ag l&rrjoa ilnors ; Have. I asked any thing of you 1 
 
 Al 3 E()ivvve$ as Idlda&v noirjuxyv, The Furies taught thee 
 
 poetry. 3 Ediddx&r] cpdoaocplav, He was taught philosophy. 
 Tov evdvaav xo'xxwa, They clothed him with red garments. 
 
 3 vd4&i) TO (f>6gt(jioi rov, He put on his garment. ( 179. 4.) 
 Oa TOV norlaovv cpaQpdxi, Thy will give him poison to drink. 
 
 Verbs of this class are acpaiQta, yvQzvta, 3t#a'axw, erdvvw, 
 
 2. Some verbs of this class occur only in the 
 passive voice. Such are ev^oyov^ai, and 
 
108 SYNTAX. [ 196. 
 
 [iou, and arsyavovofiai, to marry; 
 to come in contact with, to touch. 
 
 % 196. 1. Verbs signifying to give, to say, to 
 send, to find, to do, and some others, are followed 
 by two accusatives, one of the immediate and the 
 other of the remote object. E. g. 
 
 Ti as etfwxf / What did he give thee ? 
 
 Ma? TO tins, He said it to us. 
 
 ~iel)id pas x' ( u7ioa/c aiacpldatg, Send us some raisins. 
 
 3/ rjVQtg rat? Tovmaig ; Have you got me the doubloons 1 
 
 Akv iovs x ( u ilnoie, I have not done anything to them. 
 
 Verbs of this class are ^qpw, didta, fldonoiw, kioi^a^w, svgl- 
 axfc), xduvu, ley (a, o^/Aw, arc'Avw, tfr<u, ^twaTw, and a few 
 others. 
 
 The immediate object may be omitted after 
 , and O///AW : as, Tovg ouD.r^a, I spoke to them. 
 
 NOTE 1. Most frequently, the proclitic and enclitic accusatives of the per- 
 sonal pronoun denote the remote object of these verbs. 
 
 NOTE 2. The preposition ti$ may be used with the remote object. E. g. 
 T tfiit tis ir't**, He gives it to you. 
 
 ill rov trafaiv xxfji-raaa. *.t$d\ta, He sent a Jew heads to the pasha. 
 
 2. Two accusatives may be put after yspiZa, to 
 fill, and cpog-covo, to load or lade. E. g. 
 
 Mas lyeuiaB %iovi (or ano ^oV/), He Jilled us with snow. 
 To xatQafii TO fcpoQiuaav aiidgi, They laded the ship with 
 wheat. 3 (po()ju&r) xQiddgi, It was loaded with barley. 
 (179.4.) 
 
 is thus construed only in the passive; as, Toi's 
 t I have got rid of them. ( 179. 4.) 
 
 3. 2iganivos from tfigova, to strew, spread, 
 and ^f/iaros, full, filled with, take the accusative. 
 Kg. 
 
 vos xiA//iia, Strewed with carpets. 
 yugia (or ano ifjaQia), Full of Jish. 
 
 
$197-199.] ACCUSATIVE. 109 
 
 197. Verbs signifying to name, to constitute, 
 to deem, and a few others, are followed by two 
 accusatives denoting the same person or thing. 
 
 In the passive, the accusatives become nominatives. E. g. 
 
 Tov fa'yovv Wxcilyv, They call him Michael. M/STCXL 
 yiog, He is called George. 
 
 irjv T?]v txttftav fictalkioaav, They made her a queen. 
 tyivt fiaalhaaa, She was made a queen. 
 fjQe axAw/Jo tov xai^, He has mode the cadi a prisoner. 
 
 Verbs of this class are dioQiw, xapva, Myw to name, 
 d^M, nalgvco, <7TO#ao^uat, xetgojovw, ^w^/^ca to divide. 
 
 1. The accusative is put after certain 
 nouns and verbs for the sake of limiting their 
 meaning. E. g. 
 
 IsQftavo? ir^v najQida, A German by birth. 
 
 Tovg edeae XQ"* * nodioc, He bound them hand and foot. 
 
 Tl TQf'xsis; What do you run for? 
 
 Kurt rov dsgvsig ; Why do you whip him 1 
 
 *OUyoi jov aQi&pov, Few in number. 
 
 Ilriyaivu x/?AAof, I go on horseback. 
 
 Klva ymlo, Speed along the shore. 
 
 *Enyyaivs ycovia /(avid, He teas going from corner to corner, 
 
 or along the corners. 
 Toi%o toixo aegvovviav, He dragged himself along the walls. 
 
 2. The accusative TCC ixarov, per centum, is put 
 after the cardinal numbers, to denote the rate of 
 interest. E. g. 
 
 o) dwdsxa z exarov, I pay twelve per cent. 
 
 
 1 99. The accusative is used to denote extent 
 of space, the time when or how long or how often,. 
 the price of a thing, and, in certain phrases, the 
 place whither. E. g. 
 
 e /jjvTa oQyvicuq [Mxxgvjegog ano laeva, Sixty fathoms longer 
 than you. 
 
 lrriv, He came last Tuesday. 
 10 
 
 
110 SYNTAX. [200,201. 
 
 Jloaov XHIQOV faid^^g fig TTJV Atvov ; How long did you stay 
 
 n 
 
 "Egynui joug <fooalg TOV ZQOVOV, He comes three times a year. 
 To uyoQaoa isoaagct TAo, / bought it for four dollars. 
 3 7i(l^r} dvo TittQadfg, It was sold fur two paras. 
 Hyyairs (or ^t'^t) anhi aov, Gfo to your house. 
 
 NOTE. The accusative of price may be preceded by &, for ; as, Tc yg 
 
 ra,/,aact. 
 
 2OO. The accusative is used in exclamations. 
 E.g. 
 
 3 Avd&eud rov$ ! Cursed be they ! 
 
 TTJV xaxi] aov ir t v r^uiga. ! An evil day be to thee ! 
 
 BQS (or Jl/Ti^e') TO** xaitQydgri ! The rascal ! 
 >r Jl iov u&liov ! Poor wretch ! 
 
 20 1. The accusative is put after the following 
 prepositions. 
 
 3 Avd, a-piece ; at a time. Only with numerals. 
 
 A-piece. "Elafiav ava rla AWT, They received three 
 lepta a-picce. 
 
 At a time. "EQXOVTUI dvd dvo, They come two at a time. 
 3 Aviig, or *Avrls yid, instead of. 3 Avrl$ aviov tniuauv ipiva, 
 Instead of him they caught me. nlvei alua dvilg yia TT\V 
 dyooid, It drinks blood instead of dew. 
 
 3 A7io, from ; of; with ; by ; on account of, by reason of, be- 
 cause of; a-piece, for one's share ; at a time ; than. 
 
 From. "jE^Ojuai arco T^V nohv, I am coming from the 
 city. I7r t yaivs ano f^sva, Go from me. Mav&dvouev an' 
 avior, We learn from him. 
 
 Of. "Evas an 1 aviovg, One of them. To f]ua#a dno 
 tov diddoxalov, I have learned it of the teacher. <l>ays ano 
 Tot-ro, Eat of this. 2na&l dno v)io, A sword made of 
 wood. *Ane$avt duo jrjv niivav, He died of famine. I~k- 
 JUTOV dno rdlaya, Full of dollars. 
 
 With) after /fu/w, To iyiuiaav dno %wua, They filed 
 it with earth. 
 
 By, after passive forms, and also after verbs signifying 
 to take, to seize,, to know. 'jEtnla&jjxs dno TOV naisQCt iov, 
 It was built by his father. Tov dynast dno id uaUid, 
 He seized him by the hair. 2s. yvwQl^w dno trjv xoy>T) TOV 
 ona&tov t I know thee by the edge of thy sword. 
 
201.] ACCUSATIVE. Ill 
 
 On account of, by reason of, because of. *Anb TO n*ya 
 nvsvpa vofil&iai TOGO'S, On account of his great genius he 
 is considered crazy. 
 
 A-piece, for one's share, with numerals. 'Enqgav ano 
 dvo yyoaia, They took t two piasters a-piece. Ka&evag 
 fnyQS ano sxarov ia\aga, Each one took one hundred 
 dollars for his share. Ka&ivag pas i%n ano dvo ntaioha, 
 Every one of us has two pistols. 
 
 At a time, with the cardinal number repeated. "EQ%OV- 
 Tai ano dvo dvo, They come two at a time, or two and two. 
 
 Than, after comparatives and aJUog. C \nyog sirai 
 y^riyoQoxfQog ano rrjv e^tAwW, The hare is swifter than the 
 tortoise. 'jEav TO xapveig if^nxwiE^a an* ixiivov, You do it 
 more skilfully than he. 
 Pi a, for did. 
 
 Jia, for, for the sake of, on account of, in behalf of; about, 
 concerning (not very elegant). 
 
 For, &c. "Eyivt dia as, It was done for you. 
 
 About, concerning. Tl teyovv di. a TOV dgdpahrjv ; What 
 do they say about Dramales ? 
 Jl%(a?, equivalent to XwQig. 
 Ji$, to; into ; in, within, at ; on; during; for. 
 
 To. Oa nriyalvw '? iW Kivav, I will go to China. 
 
 Into. "jEnws ti$ TTJV ddlaaaav, He fell mto the sea. 
 
 In, within, at. Evgiaxtiai fig TTJV Oeaaahovlxyv, He is 
 in Salonica. 2k Ix-cvnijae '? TO xscpdh, He struck you in 
 the head. Elg piav ypeQav, Within a day. y JErv7i(a&rj tig 
 BtvtTlav, It was printed at Venice. 
 
 On. Elg rrjv xoQvqnfjv, On the top. ' Enaivflicu tig TO 
 xwHo? rye, She prides herself on her beauty. 
 
 During. Elg jov no^^iov, During the war. 
 
 For, with a noun denoting a coin, real or nominal. 
 Ta Tuolovv dsxa elg TO Talagov, They sell them ten for a 
 dollar. 
 "jEcog or e Jlg, about, with numerals. 'ExQepaaav I'oig -igiaxo- 
 
 aiovg, They hanged about three hundred. 
 Kma, according to; during ; in, in respect to, as to. 
 
 According to. *0 yhioi; XT rovg aaTQOvo^iovg thai ^ue- 
 yalrjTtQog ano ryv yyv, The sun, according to astronomers, 
 is .larger than the earth. 
 
 During, 'r/r^^c XT TOVTOV^ rovg xQovovg t There was 
 about these times. 
 
 In, in respect to, as to. *Alri&tvii XT TOVTO, He tells 
 the truth in this. 'Jlgala XT ii\v yvxyv, Beautiful in 
 soul. 
 
 , 
 
112 SYNTAX. [202. 
 
 Me, with, by, by means of ; to. 
 
 With, by, by means of. MB nolov &a raSidtvays ; With 
 whom shall you travel? Tov exoyav ui TO anadi, They 
 beheaded him with the sword. Mi dvvura tnix^griuaTa, 
 By strong arguments. To nalovv pe ir t v nrcw, They sell 
 it by the ell. 
 
 To, with words denoting resemblance or equality. "O- 
 uoioz // (xiii'or, Similar to him. "laog ps TOV? 
 Equal to the others. 
 
 Mud, after. "Eka unu TO '/evua, Come offer dinner. 
 U, save, except, minus, less, wanting ; than. 
 
 Save, &c. with numerals. Elvat, T^sT? TIUQU 
 It wants a quarter to three (o'clock), literally, It is three 
 less one quarter. 
 
 Than, with comparatives and AAo?. Mf/a^reQcc na^d 
 irjv 3 Aq>Qixqv, Larger than Africa. *'Aiko naga JOVTO, Other 
 than this. 
 
 It may be used as a conjunction when it signifies than. 
 n?.si6iQais fly' 7; ueQcxig TTO T lovxdvixa, There are more 
 days than sausages. IlfQiaaoifQot flv' ol ddw'koldtQai, 
 nuQa ol Xgiauavol, There are more idolaters than Chris- 
 tians. 
 
 i, around, about, ^rsxorrai 7iel TOV fiaadea, They stand 
 about the king. El% neyl tov$ xdLovs argaTiiaias, He had 
 about one thousand soldiers. 
 
 Lvy before. On yvQiar} nolv T/? dsxa iov -frtQiaiij, He will 
 return before the tenth of June. 
 
 6g, to ; towards. Ta Zaieds IIQOS tov y'dov TOV, He sent 
 them to his friend. "Enfas TIQOS TTJV SXVQOV, He was sail- 
 ing towards Skyros. 
 
 ig, without. "AvdQWJioq XWQ}? yvwaiv xal ZQTjfiaia, A man 
 without sense and money. 
 
 VOCATIVE. 
 
 2O2. The vocative, with or without the inter- 
 jection w, forms no part of a proposition ; it is sim- 
 ply used in addressing. E. g. 
 
 77ov eia&f, naidid / Where are you, boys ? 
 w '.Eitvtffo/a, Hail, Liberty. 
 
203-205.] VOICES. 113 
 
 VOICES. 
 
 ACTIVE VOICE. 
 
 3O3. The active voice comprises nearly all 
 transitive or active, and intransitive or neuter, 
 verbs. 
 
 PASSIVE VOICE. 
 
 O4. The immediate object of the active 
 becomes nominative in the passive ; and the sub- 
 ject-nominative of the active becomes accusative 
 with ano, by, in the passive. E. g. 
 
 To xcagdcpL oxaTTTcrea ccno rov ytagyov, The field is dug by the 
 husbandman ; from the active f O yfWQ/o? axdnTet, TO jfcopa'qpt. 
 
 Instead of ano with the accusative, many authors use vno or 
 o, with the genitive. 
 
 ^ 2O5. 1. Many verbs in the passive are also 
 reflexive, that is, they are equivalent to the active 
 with the accusative of the reflexive pronoun. E. g. 
 
 viJiTOficu, equivalent to vlmw *6v SUVTOV pov, I wash myself. 
 
 Such verbs are the following : avaxaiovopat to meddle with, 
 fiia^o^ou to be in haste, yvaU^o^cti, dsyvopai, to toil, 
 i, Ivovoftai, STOifjux^o^ai, Evglaxofjivu to be, to live, xlslo- 
 x(jvmofj,ai, xvUopai, XOVO^KXI, 
 
 i, 7r^oaxoAAw|Ut, arjxovo^ai to rise, 
 
 to crawl, avyxi^ofioii, axlon<xi, raaxl^o^ai to break, burst, 
 fiai to conduct one's self. Most of these are always reflexive. 
 
 2. Any passive verb may become reflexive by 
 the addition of the pronoun [twos pov, or [iova%os 
 66. 1.) E. g. 
 
 povog rov, He blinded himself. 
 ^ova^o? aov, You torment yourself. 
 10* 
 
114 SYNTAX. [206-209. 
 
 2O 6. Sometimes the plural of the passive is 
 reciprocal, that is, it is equivalent to the active with 
 the accusative of the reciprocal pronoun. E. g. 
 
 cpdovpeda, equivalent to cpdovpsv aJULijAovg, we kiss one 
 another. 
 
 So ayxuhtt6ne&a, avrccfiorofis&a, dtQvout&a, 
 
 DEPONENT VERBS. 
 
 ^ 2O 7. Deponent verbs are those which are 
 used only in the passive form with a transitive or 
 intransitive signification. 
 
 Such are plvo^ai become, ds^o^ai receive, Iv&vuovuai remem- 
 ber, vj()inoj*ai to be ashamed, foufidiovftat to be diligent, i 
 come, xonaQUfiou curse, [itpyouai blame, unaxfiQi^opat use. 
 
 NOTE 1. The perfect participle of deponent verbs is passive in signification; 
 as, (tiretxuoifffiivos, used. 
 
 NOTE 2. Some deponents, as 3i%ofi,eti, are used also passively, which is apt 
 to create confusion. There are those who always use a circumlocution in this 
 ease ; for example, for'H (Zetfifafrok tbi%Sn, The queen was received, they say, 
 v, They received the queen. 
 
 TENSES. 
 
 3O8. The PRESENT in the indicative ex- 
 presses an action or being which is going on now. 
 
 In the other moods and in the participle it ex- 
 presses a continued action or being, without refer- 
 ence to the three grand divisions of time (present, 
 past, and future). E. g. 
 
 l^cegxu, / am writing now ; orav /paqp//?, when you are 
 writing ; yyacpf, be writing, or continue to write ; youcfuv, 
 writing. 
 
 To anhi xii&at, The house is building, that is, They are 
 building it. 
 
209-212.] TENSES. 115 
 
 2O 9. 1. The present in the indicative may 
 be used for the aorist indicative, in animated nar- 
 ration. E. g. 
 
 "OQftrias IHXT' OIVTOV, TOV tnvna et? TO aiy&og xotl xov axoTbVa, 
 He rushed against him, struck him in the breast, and 
 killed him. 
 
 2. It has also the force of an emphatic future. 
 E.g. 
 
 ' oUyov tbv &notaTQSvovv, They will shortly despatch him. 
 v&iig lov /JAsTiw, / will see him presently. 
 
 21O. The IMPERFECT expresses a continued 
 action going on in past time. E. g. 
 
 JIov yaovv OTUV a* eqpwVaa / Where were you when I was 
 
 calling you ? 
 "Oiav fade?) eyv> fygncpa, When you came, I was writing. 
 
 211. The imperfect may be used when a 
 customary past action is spoken of. E. g. 
 
 "Oiav dfV i%av dovltia eTnr'jyotivav teal sxfoqnav, When they had 
 no business on hand, they would go and steal. 
 
 * Enriyaivav va [jd&ovv o TI ^noQoiioav y They would go to 
 learn whatever they could. 
 
 212. The AORIST in the indicative and parti- 
 ciple expresses a finished past action, without refer- 
 ence to the time required for its completion. 
 
 In the other moods, the aorist expresses a fin- 
 ished action without reference to the time required 
 for its completion, or to the three grand divisions of 
 time (present, past, and future). E. g. 
 
 TovQxovg TtoU,ovq laxorwoe, *' ti% (^tycxlijv (prjuyv, He killed 
 many Turks t and enjoyed a great reputation. 
 
 "jExavaav TO %taglov oiav Inyyaivav tig trjv IJelonovvqaov, TJiey 
 burned the village when they were going (or on their way) 
 to Peloponnesus. 
 
116 SYNTAX. [$213-217. 
 
 NOTE. Verbs, of which the signification includes the idea of continuation, have 
 necessarily, in the aorist, reference to the time required for the completion of the 
 action or being. Such are Itetr^u to spend one's time, % live, ft'tv* remain, 
 wait. 
 
 213. 1. The aorist in the indicative and par- 
 ticiple may be used for the perfect. E. g. 
 
 To tTefalaaa, I have finished it. 
 "On Bm, lie has just gone. 
 3 A*6ui) dh rj)i&, He has not come yet. 
 
 2. In the indicative it may be used also for the 
 pluperfect. E. g. 
 
 imv OTL vnriysv ilg in nigata to\> xoapov, He said he had 
 gone to the ends of the world. 
 
 ^214. The aorist indicative may be used for 
 the future to denote the rapidity or certainty of an 
 action. E. g. 
 
 Tov Jtdxo av aovpUant, ivag Fgaixog &'#*?> If you impale 
 Diakos, one Greek is indeed lost. 
 
 The PERFECT expresses an action 
 which is already completed, or whose effects are 
 (or are supposed to be) still felt. E. g. 
 
 Jsv tov i'xu Idfl, I have not seen him. 
 
 To t%etg T(H/*(7//eVov / Have you made it ready 1 
 
 Elvai anoxfcpahautvo?, He is (or has been) beheaded. 
 
 . The PLUPERFECT expresses an action 
 which was completed at some past time. E. g. 
 
 "Orav rjl&fs, tix<x y^V** J Q* a y^V^ aTa > When you came, I 
 
 had written three letters. 
 3 Axdpa 8ev cT^oe dito^fi rovg Avxovc, xot tq>d-aaav j; ?xov5at?, 
 
 No sooner had I driven away the wolves, than the bears 
 
 arrived. 
 
 217. 1. The FUTURE expresses an action or 
 event which will take place, without reference to 
 the time required for its completion. E. g. 
 
218, 219.] MOODS. 117 
 
 Oa lov xoyovv avQiov, They will behead him to-morrow. 
 
 2. The CONTINUE!) FUTURE expresses a con- 
 tinued future action. E. g. 
 
 Ol av&Q(anoi IVOOM <uat, # TIVEOVV TOV , Men will (con- 
 tinue to) breathe air, as long as they live. 
 
 MOODS. 
 
 INDICATIVE MOOD. 
 
 31 8. The indicative mood affirms or denies a 
 thing. E. g. 
 
 C 'OA T s&vij noteuovv, All nations are fighting. 
 Tlnois dsv &a xaTOQ&uaapev, We shall effect nothing. 
 
 319. 1. In indirectly quoting the words or 
 thoughts of a person, the tense employed by him is 
 used. E. g. 
 
 Myn on rj&vQft, He says he knows. 
 Mag iinav OTI rowyovv, They told us they were eating. 
 "Efoyeg on tygaytg, You were saying that you had written. 
 EoTo%dovuovv oti &tt (pvyi], I thought he would go* 
 Einav OIL &a cpvyovv, They said they should go. 
 Tov eQWTqoa il xdfAVfi, I asked him how he did. 
 M' 7r^axa/lcas va jov finw nov ^ vndyw, He prayed me to 
 
 tell him whither I should go. 
 Tov tywirjaa av &a privyg edw, I asked him whether you would 
 
 remain here. 
 Mag tQwiriaav av izwpev, They asked us whether we had. In 
 
 such cases av takes the subjunctive. 
 
 NOTE. "Ort may be omitted after the imperative; as E/W rov Sb ftpou 
 , Tell him I am not ready. 
 
 2. The past tenses of the indicative are used 
 after (po/3ovpou piJTtas, to fear, to be afraid. E. g. 
 
 at [i^nox; TW exulnaav, You arc afraid they have 
 destroyed him. 
 
118 SYNTAX. [220-223. 
 
 2 SO. The auxiliary #a (or &s vd, #a vd) 
 
 before the present, imperfect, and aorist, indicative, 
 denotes conjecture. E. g. 
 
 Kavovials axovovTui, xcinov &a ylvnat, no^ffio?, Guns are 
 heard, (I think) there is Jighting somewhere. 
 jfttoa fx Bt xapnoao xoro, &a exioviaav roc fiovvd, It is rather 
 cold to-day, it seems it has snowed on the mountains. 
 
 1. After certain verbs, the indicative pre- 
 ceded by xat is equivalent to the subjunctive with 
 vd. E.g. 
 
 Ilcag rjpnoQsl xal ntQinaisi to ^tarj^Qi ; How can he walk at 
 
 noonday 1 
 *Anocpdoiaa xt TOV inlrtgova xad-' Tjfitfjav, I resolved to pay 
 
 him every day. 
 
 Verbs of this class are anocpaalgco, 0t f 
 ifr, and a few others. 
 
 The imperfect or aorist, preceded by 
 cis, forms a kind of past imperative ; in which case 
 as usually means suppose, take it for granted. E. g. 
 
 *Ag rjTov xat Tovgxog, iL pe TOVTO ; Suppose he was a Turk, 
 
 what of that 1 
 
 "As fov fjtQffiaactv, Suppose they hanged him. 
 *Extlvo onov anegaaev, ag ansQaatv, Let that which has hap- 
 
 pened be considered as having happened t that is, Let us 
 
 forget what has happened. 
 
 1. The past tenses of the indicative 
 may be preceded by vd or TO vd, in which case 
 they have the force of neuter substantives. E. g. 
 
 3 Evdf'xTai va TO exa/ie, It is possible he did it. 
 Ms TO ra rovg tdeiQuv, Because they whipped them. 
 4ia TO va rlqx* ov^vd, Because he was in the habit of coming 
 often. 
 
 2. The imperfect preceded by civ, if, may be 
 put after Ttagd, than. E. g. 
 
224,225.] MOODS. 119 
 
 Mug cpofiovvToti ntgioaortgov diet TO pixgov [tag vavnxov, naga 
 av ei%ot[iv era ntyakov arolov, They fear us more on ac- 
 count of our small fleet, than they would if we had a large 
 one. 
 
 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 
 
 324. The subjunctive expresses the action of 
 the verb in its simplest state ; it neither affirms nor 
 denies. 
 
 Accordingly it implies uncertainty , doubt, possibility, pro- 
 bability, or inclination. 
 
 225. 1. The subjunctive with vd, or TO vd, is 
 
 equivalent to a neuter substantive. E. g. 
 
 Nominative . 
 
 To va (po(3(ops&ct rov &eov elvat, y aqxy 1%$ aocplag, To fear 
 
 God is the beginning of wisdom. 
 Jsv nginu va xaraygovtovrai ol ddvvaroi, The weak should not 
 
 be despised. 
 Elvat ddvvarov va i}vat, TO avto nQuyfjia xat sarov xal XQVOV EI$ 
 
 rov avxov XCCIQUV, It is impossible that the same thing should 
 
 be both warm and cold at the same time. 
 *Orav ol diddaxaloi, diaqxovovr, ol ^a&r^al TiQenet va auonovv, 
 
 When the teachers disagree the pupils must keep silence. 
 
 Genitive. 
 rov va cpwria&iire, Your desire to be enlightened. 
 
 (^1 f 
 Jsv tivai TQOJIO? va VTHXQXOVV dvo TOIOVTOI, It is impossible that 
 
 there should be two such persons. (Ibid.) 
 Eivai xaiQog va Ttrj/alvoijAsv, It is time to go. (Ibid.) 
 3 Avrl va rovg ntyQway ro diacpoyov, rovg tyays xat rijv pavvav, 
 
 Instead of paying the interest, he has cheated them even 
 
 out of the capital. ( 192.) 
 
 Accusative. 
 
 Eivat, paxQuv ano TO va cpo^Tai, He is far from fearing. 
 ( 201.) 
 
 o Tt w u TO va fv (, tkov atoidt He eats 
 
120 SYNTAX. [ 225. 
 
 whatever he finds, since he has not a delicate stomach. 
 
 (Ibid.) 
 "Oloi roy fuaovv 8ia to va rjvai ydaQyvQO?, All hate him be- 
 
 cause he is a miser. 
 "j&lo oiv Im&vfisi nagu va yvai (Isv&fQog, He desires nothing 
 
 else than to be free. 
 Kakhov ifjmfto^Tijg naya qptAap/upo?, SC. va r t vat xavslg, It is 
 
 better to be a beggar than a miser. 
 IIctQU jU TovQxovg, jj. &r]Qia xa/./ ; 'rf va ov[it, SC. va ^ovftf, 
 
 It is better to live with wild beasts than with Turks. 
 Eivai oJU/wT0o* TIUQU va yivwai, vo//o#'rat, They are fewer 
 
 than (or loo few) to become legislators. 
 "Eyivt nolv &&$$, It took place before you came. 
 'AdvvaTOV va *%$ xavf?^ /*f/a'Aoi> ylkovg xwQis va fjftj [tfydlovs 
 
 fX&Qov$, It is impossible that one should have great friends 
 
 without having great enemies. 
 
 2. Particularly, the subjunctive with vd after 
 certain verbs, participles, and adjectives, has the 
 force of the accusative ; that is, it is equivalent to 
 the English infinitive after the corresponding verbs. 
 E.g. 
 
 "doziaav va nolfnovv, They began to-Jight. 
 
 3 H$ev(jig va yQayyg / Do you know how to write ? 
 
 Eins iov va (pi'/fl, Tell him to go. 
 
 ^vrii&lZovv ra iovwviat, They are accustomed to bathe. 
 
 Eivai a$io$ va uuaiai ' o/ouf, He is worthy of being hon- 
 
 ored by all. 
 e lxavo$ va xvfiiQva, Able to govern. 
 
 Verbs on which the subjunctive with va may depend, are 
 
 , tmxigiouai, ETOJ^UW^W, tiyopai, tj^no^ia, ySfvao) know 
 how to, &i),w, xciuro)) xaT>la ( u/5ce>'a>, xmanfldw, xct&OQ&ovw, Jieyta 
 tell, |Ur^>'w, /uflUfc), 7i ay ay ye Mo), na(3axa).u, 3Ta^/^w, ngoxQirai, 
 ngoout'vw, ar/^w^cw, avfifiovfava), avvrj&l^u), TO/.UCO, vnoazopai, 
 vnoxQtoria, ^fwarw, and a few others. 
 
 Adjectives, aovvavoq, |to?, dvvajog, Innydtioe, JTO//UO?, Ixavog, 
 os capable of, and a few others. 
 
 3. The present subjunctive is put after cocdr vd, 
 as if. E. g. 
 
 J7f0t7iTfI? uaav va yaai ftaalhaaa, You walk as if you were 
 a queen. 
 
226-228.] MOODS. 121 
 
 4. The subjunctive preceded by [AtJTtas or [irfTias 
 xat, lest, is put after xvird^o see, ngoai^o beware, 
 fear, be afraid of. E. g. 
 
 jUTjTtw? xa* as n&aovr, See that they do not catch you. 
 iMjnojg xat ai djiaT^a^, Beware lest he deceive thee. 
 [tr)7i(og nscy, He fears lest he fall. 
 
 336. The subjunctive with vd or Sid vd may 
 be put after any verb or participle to denote a 
 cause or motive. E. g. 
 
 2ov TO !'<5wx va TO cpogyg, I gave it to you to wear. 
 Mag <5wx xanvov va movps, He gave us tobacco to smoke. 
 Tov e/Qayje va eh&i] dia va rov ydugy, He wrote to him to* 
 come, in order tojlay him. 
 
 NOTE. The subjunctive after the indeclinable -ra, (see the Irregular wyetivuy 
 may stand without va : as, Tou s7rav v -ret rev avretftuerri, They told him to go 
 to meet him. As ra is preceded by va, it may be said that va after it is omit- 
 ted to avoid repetition. 
 
 237. After certain verbs (as (&ina, 
 
 , the subjunctive with vd is equivalent to 
 the indicative with 014. E. g. 
 
 "Orav os tdovv va niQinaryg, When they see that you are walk~ 
 
 ing ; for on TttQinajug. 
 Einav va. fii xdpovv ar(>air,y6v, They said they would make 
 
 me general ; for oit -da ps xw^uow v-iQmriyov. 
 4fv 7TicFTv(o va fiag acp^aovv, I do not believe they will let us ; 
 
 for on &a [tag acprjaovv. 
 
 % 338. 1. The first person of the subjunctive,, 
 preceded by as or vd, is used in exhortations. 
 E.g. 
 
 "Ag igix w * Let me rim. 
 Na 10 qnxytofiw, Let us eat it. 
 
 Here va is somewhat less strong than $$. 
 
 NOTE. The subjunctive wiyttivevft-t or fj'a^s, from wyaivu, to go, is com- 
 monly used without ; or va in exhortations and interrogations; as, Heifti 't 
 ro yiK\o, Let us go to the seashore; Tlwyetivoufti , Shall ive (or Do you wish 
 to) go ? 
 
 11 
 
122 SYNTAX. [229-232. 
 
 2. The first and third persons of the subjunctive 
 with vd are used when a person asks himself or 
 another what he is to do. E. g. 
 
 Tfa TO y.npw, y ofi; Shall (or Mafa or Must) I do it or not ? 
 Na nriyalvovv / May they go ? 
 
 999. The subjunctive with vd is used in 
 questions expressing indignation. E. g. 
 
 JT avpfiovfavto va atomw?. 3 yu va aiamu / I advise you to 
 
 keep silence. Am I to keep silence 1 
 EfUa ret v fatal] / To insult me? 
 
 ^ 33O. The subjunctive with vd forms a less 
 strong imperative. E. g. 
 
 Na lov tiny? vot <pvyr], Please to tell him to go. 
 Avgiov va Qr}%&ovv dtxa xavonatg, Let ten guns be Jired to- 
 morrow. 
 
 INTERROGATIVE AND RELATIVE CLAUSES. 
 
 ^ 931. 1. The indicative is used in interroga- 
 tive clauses when a definite answer is expected. 
 Kg. 
 
 T*V TO a nt ; Who said it 1 
 
 tgxeaai ; Whence do you come 1 
 
 2. But when no definite answer is expected. 
 the subjunctive, and also the imperfect and aorist 
 indicative, with vd, are used after interrogative 
 words. E. g. 
 
 Holov va nQtT07naTtv(j(>) ; Whom shall I believe Jirst ? 
 Tl va 'njj xurtlg ; What can one say 1 
 Ti va ex'apvi- ; What do you suppose he was doing ? 
 \4(><x ye ii va tyiv* / Does anybody know what became of 
 *him ? 
 
 % 939. 1. The indicative is put after relative 
 words when they refer to definite antecedents. 
 E. g. 
 
232.] MOODS. 123 
 
 TovTog fifoti o av&QWuog ror onolov ti^ia TO &6vog, This is the 
 
 man whom the nation honors. 
 Out aov duaovv oaa ftsksic, They will give you as many as 
 
 you want. 
 
 "Oiuv rovg i'dfg, 11 rovg tineg ; When you saw them, what did 
 you say to them 1 
 
 ewaov f^ctgs&rj, He fought till he was tired. 
 
 2. The aorist of the subjunctive, and the past 
 tenses of the indicative are used after relative words 
 when they refer to indefinite antecedents. E. g. 
 
 "Apa lov i'dav rov tniaaav, As soon as they saw him they 
 
 caught him. 
 
 Oa tov oftitfay oiav TOV 18 jj, He will speak to him as soon as 
 he sees him. 
 
 onoiov anaviovaf, He struck whomever he met. 
 o TV yxovt, He said whatever he heard. 
 
 roioiirov agxyyov o onoog va ii^n -iov$ 
 We need such a leader as shall respect the laws. 
 
 The following list contains the relative words to which these 
 two rules apply. 
 
 apct, as soon as, with the aorist subjunctive, or with the past 
 
 tenses of the indicative. 
 acpov, after, after that, when, with the aorist subjunctive, or 
 
 with the past tenses of the indicative. 
 
 onov, as soon as, follows the analogy of '//. 
 
 ? va, or ecoaov vd, till, until. With the past tenses of the 
 
 indicative only ewaov is used, in which case the ante- 
 
 cedent may be definite. 
 
 as, follows the analogy of onoiog or onus. 
 o onolog, who, which, with the indicative. When ru is sub- 
 
 joined to it, it takes the subjunctive. 
 onoiog, whoever, whosoever, with the present and past tenses 
 
 of the indicative, and with the aorist of the subjunctive. 
 
 When it is followed by xt av, it may precede all the 
 
 tenses of the subjunctive, and the past tenses of the in- 
 
 dicative. It always refers to an indefinite antecedent. 
 
 , whoever, whosoever, has all the peculiarities of 
 
 its equivalent onoiog. 
 
 ov, who, which, that, where, has all the peculiarities of 
 
 o onolog. 
 onov, wherever, where, follows the analogy of onoiog. 
 
124 SYNTAX. [ 233, 234. 
 
 onwg, as, in whatever manner, follows the analogy of onoiog. 
 oaog, or onoaog, as much as, follows the analogy of onoto$. 
 
 who, whoever, follows the analogy of o onolog, and 
 
 , or onojav, when, whenever, with all the tenses of the 
 subjunctive, and with the future of the indicative; also 
 with the past tenses of the indicative, in which case it 
 may refer to a definite or indefinite antecedent. 
 uois vex, so that, so as, with the subjunctive. 
 
 NOTE 1. Instead of x,<u &v after oVa/aj, o<roii<r^^rart y ovrcv, eyruf, eyas, oiroffos, 
 and offn;, the purists use only eiv, simply because they cannot parse */. 
 
 NOTE 2. It will be observed, that o-reiai, ovoto<rbri<rort, ovov, and their syno- 
 nymes always refer to indefinite antecedents, and ought never to take the 
 present indicative. The mass of writers, however, seem to prefer the present 
 indicative, except when xeti v follows these relatives. 
 
 CONDITIONAL PROPOSITIONS. 
 
 233. In a sentence containing a condition and conse- 
 quence or conclusion, the former is called the protasis, and the 
 latter, the apodosis. 
 
 The protasis usually begins with tdv, ar, avlaoj$, or atlaug 
 xul, if. 
 
 ^ 234. When the condition is a present or 
 future action, the protasis contains the subjunctive ; 
 and the apodosis contains the present, perfect, or 
 future, of the indicative ; or it may contain the im- 
 perative. E. g. 
 
 3 Euv vnaQxow fiwfioi, VTUXQXOVV xal \>iol, If there are altars, 
 
 there are also gods. 
 Oa tov i/jyvovv, av tov mdaovv, They will roast him, if they 
 
 catch him. 
 
 'Euv xoipijs ib dtvdgor, nlnifi, If you cut the tree, it will fall. 
 *Av fi' d/7itt, va vndyrjg (Ig ITJV Mikrjxov, If you love rue, you 
 
 must go to Miletus.' ( 230.) 
 *av Ijjfw, ^ aov duow, I will give you, if I have. 
 "Av TOV plinr)g t tins TOV vu <pvyr h If you see him, tell him to go. 
 "ll o tvctq ae Idjj, r/ 77 AA)j, $u xu&fis. Whether the one sees 
 
 you, or the other, you will perish. 
 
$$ 235, 236.] MOODS. 125 
 
 3 JSntlv(*af?, (pays, If you are hungry, eat. Here, and in the 
 
 following example, lav is omitted for emphasis. 
 Tov I'TTiaaf?, cpvldxwas ^ov, If you have caught him, imprison 
 him. 
 
 ^ 335. 1. When both the condition and the 
 consequence refer to past time, the indicative is 
 used both in the protasis and in the apodosis. 
 
 In this case, the protasis usually contains the imperfect, and 
 the apodosis contains one of the conditional tenses. E. g. 
 
 *Av ibv i'/3Ac7ra, -da TOV ofidovaa, If I had seen him, I should 
 
 have spoken to him. 
 *dv dev tfus&a mcaxol, dsv qdeLap** dovfavei, Were we not 
 
 poor, we should not be working. 
 
 We observe here, that the conditional imperfect beginning 
 with da (or # vd, &a vd\ may be used also for the conditional 
 aorist. 
 
 2. When the consequence admits of no doubt 
 whatever, the imperfect is used in the apodosis. 
 E.g. 
 
 "Av [Aorov tl%a[Av dvo rotoviovg, fvixovaafiev 6'Aoe xd t&vrj, Had 
 we had but two such men t we should certainly have con- 
 quered all nations. 
 
 *Edv as ETiiavav, as i'xocprav, Had they caught you, they would 
 assuredly have beheaded you. 
 
 "Av ol -&SOI flag snkaTiav &vr)TOvg, Idsav a&avaalag 8tv pag tdi- 
 dav, Had the gods created us mortal, they would not have 
 given us the notion of immortality. 
 
 NOTE. The protasis may contain the present, and the apodosis the imperfect 
 or aorist ; and vice versa ; as, "Ay %<rai xaXos uvSguiros, $tv ri'SiAif aSixjfti 
 xuvivec, If you were a good man, you would not injure anybody. 
 
 ^ 336. The imperfect and the conditional tenses 
 may be used without any protasis expressed ; in 
 which case they form a kind of present or future 
 indicative. E. g. 
 
 vd TOV xov?, I wish you could have heard him. 
 223.) 
 
 11* 
 
126 SYNTAX. [ 237. 
 
 3 Aya7iovaa va {i dnovv ri i'xauvuv, I wish they would tell me 
 
 what they were doing. 
 Kapvovv txtivo 10 onolov ijddav y.ctuti ol uugoi. They do what 
 
 fools would do. 
 EiS oUyovq ZQOVOVS y px oo ova tie va xfo5r f aeis nolld, In a few 
 
 years you might gain much. 
 
 EXPRESSION OF A WISH. 
 
 ^ 337. 1. If the wish refers to future time, the 
 subjunctive with vd (or, when emphasis is required, 
 afjLTtoie vd, or ei'& vd) is used. E. g. 
 
 .ZVa fijjs, May you continue to live. 
 
 "Aunoie vd tov (VQW^V ysqov, O that we may Jind him in 
 
 good health. 
 "AuTioie vd fir) dvaii'xyar t $, May you never be unfortunate. 
 
 2. When the wish refers to present time, the 
 imperfect indicative with the same particles, or 
 with as or paxdgi vd, is used. E. g. 
 
 IY tya dt'xa (pilov$, O that I had ten friends, (but I have 
 
 not.) 
 "AUTIOTS va fjir,v a' tShna, I wish I had not seen you, (but I 
 
 have.) 
 
 Ei'9e va yivovpovv Trou/l/, O that I might become a bird. 
 "As ytrovfiovv xa&Qnir ( $, O that I were a mirror. 
 dfji va lalg evgiaxa, 1 wish I had found them. 
 
 3. If the wish refers to past time, the pluperfect 
 indicative with vd, dfinoTs vd, or si'&s vd, is used. 
 
 The imperfect may be used in this case, if no ambiguity 
 ensues. E. g. 
 
 "Auitovs ru jov; ifyts Idtl, O that you had seen them, (but 
 
 you did not.) 
 Ei&e va TOVS tf%ts araluivovq, O that you might have sent 
 
 them. 
 "AfmoTB va ane&aivs Trglv iov ntdaovv, Would that he had 
 
 died before they had caught him, (but he had not died ; so 
 
 that they caught him alive.) 
 
238, 239.] MOODS. 127 
 
 NOTE 1. Sometimes the verbs depending on the imperfect expressing a wish 
 are put in the same tense; as, E<&E va, yivovpovv vovlt, -v^Xa va ivrirovf*, va 
 rev atr'ov, that I were a bird, that I might soar and meet the eagle. 
 
 NOTE 2. The imperfect preceded by xa.} &s expresses the desired consequence 
 of a wish referring to present time ; as, "A/tvon va TOV t^Xfa-u, *a< a? 5r/$<- 
 m, I wish I could see him, then death would be pleasant to me. 
 
 PROHIBITIONS. 
 
 238. In prohibitions, the first and second 
 persons of the subjunctive, and the third of the 
 imperative, are used after py or ^??V, not. 
 
 The first person of the subjunctive is preceded by ag \ir^v, or 
 va pr). In the third person of the imperative a$ always pre- 
 cedes pr) or pr)V. E. g. 
 
 *Ag [if)v TQi%Ki, Let me not run. 
 
 Mr) yQayys, My ygdyrjg, Be not writing, Write not. 
 
 Mr) cpofirjaou, Mr) qDo/5fj#7?, Fear not. 
 
 Mr) cpnys-ts, Flee not. 
 
 Mr\v tQ%sa&f, Come not. 
 
 *Ag fir) /%>/7 TioTf TO avvvfcpov, Let the cloud never rain. 
 
 Net prjv xoV iSfig, You must not see him. 
 
 NOTE 1. Sometimes a? is omitted in the first and third persons. E. g. 
 Ttvxovs (MMv #zaffxvvovfte, Let us not submit to the Turks. 
 MM fft p**-y> MM ff y ivvoiei%y, MM ft xdtpry, Let it not concern you, Care 
 
 not. 
 MM o*i xaxa^avM, Do not let it hurt your feelings, Be not displeased. 
 
 NOTE 2. Let it not be supposed that it is the second person plural of the 
 imperative which is used after ^M, simply because it does not generally differ in 
 form from the corresponding person of the subjunctive. For, in the first place, 
 there is no reason why one mood should be used in the singular, and another in 
 the plural. Secondly, the second person of the imperative, when it differs in 
 form from the second person of the subjunctive, is never used after p.v> or ptjv : 
 thus the Greeks never say pwv eifAiri, ft,nv livrirt, p,r,v tug'sri, priv i^'tn, p.w 
 
 IMPERATIVE MOOD. 
 
 ^ 239. The imperative is used in commanding, 
 exhorting, or entreating. E. g. 
 
128 SYNTAX. [240-242. 
 
 "Ela edw, Come here. 
 n Ag vnayr lt Let him go. 
 
 Hide yourselves. 
 
 24O. The second person singular of the im- 
 perative may be used instead of the verbal noun in 
 -i[jLov or -pa with fis, by, by means of. E. g. 
 
 Tjo//? TQifiE, TO laTtaffE, By rubbing he broke it, literally, Rub 
 it, rub it, he broke it ; that is, (JLE 10 TQi^ifiov. 
 
 Me TO avails afivas, -ILJIOTS dev xaioQ&oveig, By kindling and 
 extinguishing, (that is, by opposite acts,) you accomplish 
 nothing ; that is, ij,s TO avappa xou TO afivaifiov. 
 
 ndvTcav, ntae OTJXOV, tpa&a va xufiu/Mxtvu, At length, 
 by falling and rising, I have learned to ride; that is, t ue 
 TO niai^ov xat TO ' 
 
 ADVERB. 
 
 Adverbs limit verbs, participles, and 
 adjectives. Some adverbs of quantity limit also 
 other adverbs. E. g. 
 
 xA, You do right. 
 a ntQincnwrra/;, Walking slowly. 
 
 jdnos, Very skilful. 
 IIoMa xAa, Very well. 
 
 242. Some adverbs of place and time are 
 used as nouns, and depend upon ano, did, sas, or 
 &. E.g. 
 
 3 Ano nov ; From what place 1 whence ? 
 
 *An idta, From here. 
 
 Ji 3 HoT, For another time. 
 
 "E(ag nore ; How long ? 
 
 E(ag e'x&f'g, Until yesterday, or As late as yesterday. 
 
 C JI$ Tit'oa, To the opposite side. 
 
 NOTE. 'Ara and the adverb following may be written as one word, especially 
 when the adverb is f|&>, f^r^e;, jusra, xa.ru, i-rdvu, vri^et, ovr'tru ' as, etiri^u, 
 
243 - 246.] ADVERB. 129 
 
 343. There are three negative adverbs, Sev, 
 not, n^v or prj, not, and o%i, no, not. 
 
 S44. 1. Aiv expresses a direct and independent nega- 
 tion, in which case it precedes the indicative. E. g. 
 Jsv axovw, I do not hear. 
 Jev TO *j#Af, Pie did not want it. 
 
 2. It expresses also a dependent negation, in which case it 
 takes the subjunctive with lav, uv, I'awg, prJTiws, onoioq, onov, 
 onus, o'do?, oang, oTar : also it takes the past tenses of the in- 
 dicative. E. g. 
 
 3 Eav 8lv tov SVQW, If I do not Jind him. 
 
 "Oiav dfv f^Ti? dovfaid, When you have no business. 
 
 *Av 8h I]TOV tdsmys, If he were not a thief. 
 
 24L5. 1. Tkfijv or Mr\ expresses a dependent negation, 
 and takes the subjunctive with va or dia va. E. g. 
 O&iig vu pyv r]at xaxo?, You wish not to be bad. 
 "Ecpvys diu vu fii]v nidaovv, He fled, that they might not catch 
 
 him. 
 'SLaav vu HTJV yvai avdyanoi slg TOV xoapov, As if there were 
 
 no men in the world. 
 
 2. It is used also in prohibitions, and in the expression of a 
 wish. 
 
 For examples, see above ( 237 : 238). 
 
 3. Mqv or MJ? is always used before the participle ; as, Mf) 
 Not seeing ; never zliv fiU 
 
 9 46. 1. *'C^, no, without any word joined with it, 
 answers a question. E. g. 
 
 3 Eav TO exa/ieg ; **0^*, Did you do it 1 No. 
 2. "Oxt, not, is placed before nouns, pronouns, and adverbs. 
 
 ' O%i yotQice, AA ntiaU$aig, Not Jish, but limpets. 
 ffaiatv o%i eptva, dUct -tov fiaads'oc, He insulted not me, but 
 the king. 
 
 (or 'AM?) o/i rovg cpttovg TOV, But not his friends. 
 
130 SYNTAX. [247-249. 
 
 347. 1. The compound negatives are ovis, ovds, and 
 /^,'if, t ur t ds, the first two of which have all the properties of div, 
 and the last two, all the properties of ^. E. g. 
 
 OUTS tyd) TOV Ida, OVTS ov, Neither I nor you saw him. 
 
 JlfrJTS aii va TO xa/^, ^TjV avioc, Neither you nor he must 
 do it. 
 
 2. The interrogative ^uwg expects the answer ''O^t, No. 
 
 avrog povog Hvtxi aocpog ; Is he alone wise; (Certainly 
 not.) But div siiai atiog povog aocpog ; Is he not alone 
 wise 1 expects the answer z\W, Yes. 
 
 348. Two or more negatives, belonging to the 
 same proposition, strengthen the negation. E. g. 
 
 Ovd' ama dsv tlvou ava/xator, Even these are not necessary. 
 
 'E^a r0$/?*>, forbid, hinder, and ufetyaotva, forbid, may be followed 
 by ^uji, although they imply negation ; as, M' ift.vro'biffi ret prtv TO tlra, He for- 
 bade me to say it. 
 
 % 849. PREPOSITION. 
 
 *Anl t with the Genitive. Also with the Subjunctive with va. 
 
 In composition, it may mean back, in return. 
 ^Avils, or *Avilg yid, with the Accusative, = *AnL 
 3 An6, with the Accusative. 
 I\a, for Jia. 
 
 Jid, with the Genitive or Accusative. Also with the In- 
 dicative and Subjunctive. 
 
 JBiV, with the Accusative. It may stand before the adnomi- 
 
 nal genitive, olxov or anin being understood ; as, n^yalvot 
 
 dg TOU dufot, I go to such*a~o?ie's. 
 3 Ex, before a vowel 'jE|, with the Genitive. Formerly it was 
 
 followed also by the Accusative. 
 Kara, with the Genitive or Accusative. 
 
 In composition it may denote excess, as xaiaTpuyw, to 
 
 devour. 
 
 Mi, with the Accusative. 
 Mna, with the Genitive or Accusative. 
 
 In composition, again, a second time ; as, 
 
250.] CONJUNCTION. 131 
 
 to do again. Sometimes it is separated from the verb by 
 the proclitic personal pronoun ; as, Ah //era TO xa/^w, 1 
 icill not do it again. 
 AMCC-, again, a second time, re-, only in composition ; as, 
 
 Savtt/oa'qpeo, to write again, re-write. 
 
 e-, before a vowel g- t equivalent to 3 ^ and used only in 
 composition. 
 
 It frequently corresponds to the English prefix un- ; as, 
 Hexa/ireo, undo, ^exfaidovw, unlock. 
 
 with the Genitive or Accusative. Also with the 
 Subjunctive with vd. 
 
 In composition it often means much, too much ; as, 
 nuQctTQuya), to eat too much. It may be separated from 
 its verb by the proclitic personal pronouns ; as, Ah THXQU, 
 /us miQcxei, It does not trouble me much, 
 l, with the Genitive or Accusative. 
 y with the Accusative. Also with the Subjunctive. 
 UQO, with the Genitive. 
 /7oo'?, with the Accusative. 
 'TJISQ, with the Genitive. 
 c Tn6, with the Genitive. 
 
 is, with the Accusative. Also with the Subjunctive with 
 
 CONJUNCTION. 
 
 25O. 1. Kal has six meanings, and, even, yet, that, 
 for, but. 
 
 And, its primary signification. When it is repeated in 
 the same or in two consecutive propositions, the first means 
 both, and the second and ; 3 E^i^,aaav xal ainbv xcu ret naidid 
 TOV, They have hanged both him and his children. 
 
 Even. Kal anb tovg Tovgxovg av SQXOVVTUV ', I'TT^STTS va TO 
 8tX&K>Htv, Even if it should have come from the Turks, we 
 ought to have received it. Kal o 3 ' Axdtevg arnbg -ibv ^o/fclfcu, 
 Even Achilles himself is afraid of him. 
 
 Yet. didpohog yldict dev /^E, y.al ivql inovhf, The devil 
 had no goats, yet he sold cheese. 3 Anoxia dlv TO idctpt, xal 
 ridvvr) TO el'notfie, The child is not yet born, yet we have 
 named it John. 
 
 That. Myovv x' fyovv qp/Aov?, They say that they have 
 friends. Ats xat iivat '? tyv ^QX^t You might say that they 
 
132 SYNTAX. [251. 
 
 are just beginning. Tl v.axbv I'xrc^s x/ rov tnriQav TO xfya- 
 h; What evil had he done, that they took his head off? 
 Tl tna&sg xat div opdf'is ; \Vhat has happened to you that 
 you do not talk 1 Tov i'doi x' enfant, I saw that he was 
 going. 
 
 For. ipjjo' avyb, x evvioc ffyfOTt, Roast an egg, for we 
 are nine, a proverbial expression said of miserly hosts. 
 
 But, only at the beginning of a sentence. A 5 ix&vog ort 
 tcpvye, But he has just gone away. 
 
 2. In certain instances, the indicative preceded by xal is 
 equivalent to the subjunctive with rd ( 221). 
 
 3. This conjunction means than, when it corresponds to 
 'At?, no sooner. E. g. 
 
 Moli$ yl&s xat TOV fxaaotfitv, No sooner had he come than we 
 lost him. 
 
 4. Kal followed by av may be put after relative words for 
 the sake of emphasis. See above ( 232. 2). 
 
 5. It is commonly omitted between words of opposite mean- 
 ing. E. g. 
 
 Tgf'xovv aTiavo) xano, They run up and down. 
 KlaUi. fjii^a vi'xia, She weeps night and day. 
 Krvna &Qpa d($id, Strike right and left. 
 Bine tovia xtlva, He said this and that. 
 
 nias or/xov fymtfa va xcf/Sa/UUxfrw, By falling and rising I 
 have learned to ride. 
 
 251. 1. When % is repeated in the same or in two con- 
 secutive propositions, the first means either, and the second or. 
 E. g- 
 
 w &u nriyaivw, % tov, Either I or you will go. 
 avibg TO i'cpayi, r, y ydta, Either he or the cat has eaten it. 
 
 2. This conjunction is commonly omitted between two car- 
 dinal numbers. E. g. 
 
 juov TTS'VT' Sty Qoidtx, Bring me Jive or six pomegranates. 
 as TOV dvb TQUS Tuxgddfg, Give him two or three paras. 
 
 3. When r, stands at the beginning of an interrogative 
 clause, it may be rendered Is it ? Can it be ? E. g. 
 
252-254.] INTERJECTION. 133 
 
 Tl ?]/l# eSu ; 77 ra '8fjs rrj 8vaTV%ia fiov ; What have you 
 come here for 1 Is it that you may see my misery 1 
 
 252. Of the remaining conjunctions the most common 
 are the following : 
 
 a/xaAa, or a/xeda xal, although. 
 aA/Ui, but. 
 UQU, therefore. 
 
 8f, and, but, usually preceded by ^eV. 
 lav, or V, if, whether. 
 loinov, therefore. 
 
 fidv t indeed, on the one hand. See ds. 
 , lest. 
 
 or fiokovoji, although. 
 , nevertheless, notwithstanding. 
 ra, that, in order that. 
 oinaf, but. 
 on, that, because. 
 
 Tilr^v, butj weaker than opus or A/t. 
 war?, so that. 
 
 253. Of these two particles, ^ and 8a, the first is. 
 interrogative, and the second denotes endearment. E. g. 
 l^po tl va tytvf , What has become of him ? 
 "Ela da, Do come, Prithee come. 
 
 INTERJECTION. 
 
 254. Interjections are particles used in ex- 
 clamations, and express some emotion. E. g. 
 
 oMpovov, woe, alas. 
 
 a%, ah, alas. 
 
 svyt, well done, bravo. 
 
 o*E, woe, alas. 
 
 &, oh. 
 
 w, O, with the vocative. 
 
 12 
 
PART IV. 
 VERSIFICATION. 
 
 
 FEET. 
 
 255. Every verse is divided into portions called feet. 
 The following are the feet used in Romaic Verse : 
 
 Pyrrhic, two unaccented syllables ; .......... -- 
 
 Spondee, two accented ; .................... _/. jL 
 
 Trochee, an accented and an unaccented ; ..... j_ 
 
 Dactyle, an accented and two unaccented ; _/_. 
 Iambus, an unaccented and an accented ; ..... _ j_ 
 
 Anap&st, two unaccented and an accented ; . . . _/_ 
 
 Tribrach, three unaccented ; ............... 
 
 It is hardly necessary to remark, in this place, that the 
 rhythm of the Romaic verse is regulated by accent arid not by 
 quantity. 
 
 256. The metrical accent (or ictus) of the pyrrhic and 
 tribrach is determined by the nature of the verse in which they 
 occur. 
 
 Thus, in trochaic verse, the ictus is on the first syllable ; in 
 iambic verse, the pyrrhic lakes it on the last, and the tribrach, 
 on the middle. 
 
 257. The casura of a verse is a pause, so introduced as 
 to aid the recital, and to render the verse more melodious. It 
 divides the verse into two parts; and, in most kinds of verse, 
 its place is fixed. 
 
 258. With respect to rhyme, the vowel-sound of the last 
 syllables with the consonant or consonants following (if there 
 be any) should correspond exactly. E. g. 
 
 aiifio? : liUov, XITQOV : (iiy^og, TIIXQOI; : xorAoV, xxoV 
 
 259. The most common kinds of verse are the trochaic 
 and the iambic. 
 
 TROCHAIC VERSE. 
 
 26O. The fundamental foot of the trochaic verse is the 
 trochee (JL ). 
 
261-265.] IAMBIC VERSE. 135 
 
 The pyrrhic, tribrach, or dactyle, may be used for the trochee. 
 
 The first foot may be an iambus. The last foot is always a 
 trochee. 
 
 A supernumerary syllable (technically called an anacrusis) 
 may stand at the beginning of the verse. 
 
 36 1. There are two kinds of trochaic dimeters, of which 
 the first consists of four feet, and the second, of three feet and 
 the first syllable of the fourth. 
 
 3 E- xeto TO i- (7 
 
 oyU? ^ \vnri fiyalvei, 
 Kal axQa aia&dvovTott 
 'Eav, <jp/Afi (jLovaixe, 
 (PwvwxAa [J.ov fia&gaxs. 
 
 2G3. There are two kinds of trochaic tetrameters, of 
 which the first consists of eight feet, and the second, of seven 
 feet and the first syllable of the eighth. 
 
 The caesura regularly comes after the fourth foot. 
 
 Eig IQV TQSXOVTOI ctlwva i/xoA iivuq 
 Kal xov ictTQov va xcxfty, xt nuvrov va 
 
 IAMBIC VERSE. 
 
 ^ 3O3. The fundamental foot of the iambic verse is the 
 iambus ( __ L). 
 
 The pyrrhic, tribrach, or the anapaest, may be used for the 
 iambus. 
 
 The trochee or the spondee may stand in the odd places 
 (1,3,5,7). 
 
 The last foot is an iambus, and sometimes a pyrrhic. 
 
 2G4. The iambic manometer consists of two feet, and is 
 commonly used in connexion with other short iambic verses. 
 Kail rov xsaxov. 
 
 . There are two kinds of iambic verses of three 
 feet ; that which consists of three whole feet, and that which 
 has two feet and the first syllable of the third. 
 
 'ETUX- | vo) ft? J rrjv yij. 
 
 Twv a- | GTQMV % \ avy^. 
 
 Kai lov vlov trig. 
 
136 VERSIFICATION. [266-269. 
 
 Frequently two verses of the latter kind are united into one ; 
 and then the compound verse is of the dullest sort, and well 
 adapted to Turkish indolence. E. g. 
 
 Exit pia fiBQa \\ nov rgayovdovaa. 
 
 266. There are two kinds of iambic dimeters, of which 
 the first consists of four feet, and the second of three feet and 
 the first syllable of the fourth. 
 
 Klv* a- J rjdoi'd- \ xi ftov \ ytaJio, 
 Kiva | xa* nd- \ re V TO J xio, 
 Tr t v a- j xgtfir) \ nov fv- \ gftg 
 JV nag \ va [is \ rr t v iv- j gr f $. 
 
 & Jfytlt 
 
 267'. The iambic trimeter consists of Jive* feet and the 
 first syllable of the sixth. 
 
 Its caesura is to be determined by the sense. 
 
 3 AxrL- I vet T' ov- | garov \ XVIQI- \ Twpd- J nj t 
 3 Anov, J //c xri \ qp<on | oov 117 | psya- \ irj, 
 
 wg '$ 
 
 Tov ovgui'o aToM&is ? f*i(* x t 
 " O ye, who teach the ingenuous youth of nations, 
 I pray ye, flog them upon all occasions." 
 
 This is undoubtedly the most dignified and least appreciated 
 measure in the language. 
 
 The iambic verse of seven feet consists of two 
 parts, of which the first has three feet and an unaccented 
 syllable, and the second three feet. 
 
 KaJiTJifgu ping wgag \\ tttvdigi] o>7>, 
 
 Hagu aaguvTct XOQVUV \\ axJiafiid xal 
 
 269. There are two kinds of iambic tetrameters, the 
 first of which consists of jsiffht feet f amL-the second of seven 
 feet and the first syllable of the eighth. 
 
 The caesura regularly comes at the end of the fourth foot. - 
 *Xy, cpifauTe fiov Ajifev, || pe nolov aioua &ltfifg6r. 
 TOVQXOVS Tio^ovg taxoriaaf, \\ x' c/^e fifya^rj (pr/fir], 
 Oci '%$ xal '5 lov nagudeiao \\ otiuria TTJ [ivypi]. 
 " I will tear the rainbow from the sky, and tie both ends 
 together." 
 
CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 12 
 
MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS. 
 
 1. *Eav o Tjyepojv #% va Uyy ndvTOTS ngojTog trjv yvm^v TOU, 
 pivn xwQig avpfiovlovg. 
 
 2. 'H do<jp/ xd&6Tai elg vyrjlbv Tonov ' o dgofiog Tyg ofitog dsv 
 iivat TOOOV dvaxolog oaov xoivwg TOV q>avidovTcu * oaov nQO%<aQug t 
 toaov tvxolwxeQOV TOV tvgloxsig. 
 
 3. 3 av inatvri xavslg tov kavtov TOV, dev &a rov Ttiaisvaovv ' 
 lav xTij/o^^Tt povog TOV &a niaTSvaovv nsQiaaorsQa. 
 
 4. Alt*, va XQIVJ] rig attov av r^vai aocpog, avayxrj avtog va vjvai 
 aocpwTarog. 
 
 5. Ol nfaioxtgoi, av&Q<onoi TiQoxglvovv va anaTwvTai xat nfia(j.a- 
 
 dta fiiav xiva aQtaryv idtav TOJV, naga va 
 
 6. "Oaov Tig ilvai Tlfiiog, TOOOV nkeov dvoxofavsTat va 
 ati-ovg ailfiovg. 
 
 7. Elg Tovg nalaiovg Alyvmlovg r^aav smaTaTai dioQiapivoi ra 
 nagaTTjQwaiv slg olag Tag oixlag av oi noKiTai eQyd&VTai, xat il 
 fQydovTai' OTUV 8e svgiaxav Tiva oxvrjgov, y xaTayivopsvov fig 
 tgyot avoMpdri, TOV Inaldevav avaxij^a, cog WV&QWTIOV oaTig e%8i axo- 
 Tibv va {ftdyj] TI)V xakrjv (wa&av T%g nohTtlag. 
 
 8. "Orav xaia nQWTyv (pogav t\ a^umj^ Ids TOV Movia, oJilyov 
 l'Aeii//c y' ano&dvr) ano TOV (pofiov Trjg. TTJV devTtgav cpogav 
 
 &V) Htv, aU' o%i xa&wg Tyv TIQWTIJV. "OTUV TOV ids TTJV 
 tnyye va avvofidyoy p UVTOV. 
 
 9. *Acpov % aAwTiov t%aae TTJV ovgdv Ti]g, eav^jSov^evs ialg 
 aJ(.(anovdsg va xoyovv xal avTal Talg edixaig TWV. 
 
 10. 'H AWTT^| xal o xgoxddtdog ((pdovtixovaav negl 
 
 ( XQOxodsdog fhsysv OTI ol lufinQol ngoyovoL TOV tajd&yaav yv- 
 xal $ Aw7Hj| TOV anoxgl&r] ' " 'Ano TO df'g^a aov 
 OTI yvfjivd&aai dnb TOV nalaibv xaigov." 
 
140 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 11. Kanoiog tixt ntTtivovg tig 10 aniii TOV, tig Tovg onoiovg 
 fJiQoa&tat tva ntodixa. 'Extivoi TOV tToifinrovaav, xal avro? tlvnttTO 
 xat t&agQOVOE on TOV xaraTotjjfOvy wg oaAoqcvAov. * Oiav opwg /m' 
 oJiiyov Tovg Ids xal avTovg vd Taifinovv o IVa? TOV a/Uov, tnagriyoQrj&rj. 
 
 12. Evag laTQog laTgtvtv iva UQQOJOTOV. ' O otQQfaaiog ant&are, 
 xaj o larQog I'lf/t ' " Toviog o avfrgunog Stv anedatvt, eav a 
 ano x^aat, xcu f/icia^c^/^TO TO ylvoTTjQi." 
 
 13. "Evag axvAoc txotfuno tig ^r^v ai-A^v, xot o Jlvxo? e 
 
 C O axvlog tov tTiagaxdhae va rov acpyag ra 
 o P.t'xoc intio&ri xal draxtogrjat. Mrca 
 xa* fVQTfXS tov axvlov xoiuwutroi 1 ug TO 3wjua, xat TOV 
 rr t v avv&Tjxrjv TW>'. O oxvlog 6 t ucag TOV tins va pyv tov 
 n\iov va 7ia%vvri oiav lov [ma'idy xrw tig jr t v avlrjv. 
 
 14. f O yddagog tdovfavt TOV xynovoov' xal Intidrj ETOOJ/B o\lyov 
 x 1 txoma^s no\v, enaoaxdltat TOV Ala va lov TiulyaT] tig xdviva 
 atfiov av&ivTT]V. 'O Ztvg tndxovas ir t v n^oaevx^v TOV, xal o ydda- 
 Qog InatJirl&rj tig TOV xfoa ( u. Kal tnttdf] o devTtqog av&svTi]g TOV 
 r t Tov x fl Q* f Q? T v KQWTOV, tnagaxaJiovas ndliv TOV Ala va TOV 
 ivcy xdriva a'yUov XU^TIQOV ' xal n(a1iT)&i) tig TOV fivQaodtyyv. 
 Kal (Mieiuav tig TL txaTU'/lrtTO o viog av&tvrrig TOV, dvaoitrdl-ag 
 tint. " ^AJiifiovov tig t t utva ' KaMiiov va r t (4ow ^u TOV? HQMTOvg 
 juou av&ivTag' xa$<ag /JAcTrw, TovTog &' dgydarj xal TO diofia /uov." 
 
 15. c O TVCfloTiovTixog tint plav ^ ( af'oav * tf Mavva, avxapivtav 
 /5A7ito." "EntiTa ndhv ' " Ai$u.vi pov tfivoiat." "EntiTa ' " Bt- 
 loviov xTvnov axovw." TO'TS r\ /UTJTTJO TOV, " Ka&wg {tUnn, nai- 
 
 f" Jitytt, " div tiaai (tow Ticplog, aLla xat xwybg xal X^QtS 
 
 16. Lint piav (poodv TO aJUr^>o/foo/i tig TOV naTtoa TOV. " nd- 
 TtQ, tav xul [ityalrjTtoog xal ^Aij^oowTfoo? aaat a^o TOV? axt'Aov?, 
 xat txti? xat xtQUTa davpaaTa noog vntodaniaiv diaTl TOV? 
 qpo/JtTaat TOOOV " / K* txilvog ytliav tintv ' ""Oka UVTU, vie fiov, 
 iivai aAj^tva'* f/to ouwc oTav axoraw axviov yd^yia^a, ndguvra 
 
 vd TO favqw ao^w va T^W." 
 
 17. e H^Awva 7ra^axaAovae TOV ajTov va T^V fid&t] vd Tina, x' 
 
 ^? tltys OTI dtv tlvai T^g (pvatwg Tyg. 'Extlvrj opag 3tv 
 inavt vd TOV frojdi?, Iwaov fiaof&tig TTJV tnygt pi TU vvxia TOV xal 
 
MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS. 141 
 
 TrjV eayxuotv vyir^d, xal tntna TTJV acpyas xal tntas fig rag ntTgag 
 xal syivs xopftaTia. 
 
 18. 'O xoloibg Idwv nsQiaTEgdg xaAwg Tgtcpofitvag fig V ntgi- 
 OTsgtova, dangladi] xal avaxaTOJ&yxs fi avTag. Extlvai vopl^ovaat 
 OTI ilvai nsgiOTtgd dsv TOV snstga^av. Ensidf] opwg filav rj 
 xaTct ka&og exgtuSe, JOTS tov edt(a$<xv. Enivrgicpn \omov fig 
 xoloiovg ' cxA/L' extlvoi, py yvwgl&VTfg toy 1$ ahlag TOV 
 
 TOV, dsv TOV ede'x&qaav. 
 
 19. Ol Jitt/ol TioXepovvifg fis rovg asioitg InagctKa.'kovv rocg aA 
 xccg va yevovv avpfiaxol TWV. Exfivai, ds anoxQl&rjoav ' " 
 i@or)&ova(X(AfV, aV dsv ySfvyafiev iL fiv&f, xat (is nolovg 7roA|USt 
 
 20. To, TiQo'iovca Tr}g '^IfpQixyg, ruv 'ivdiwv xal tr^g 3 j4(AfQtxi]g 
 
 7iavTa%ov, xal fivat no^viifia, dion fig ama 
 vhxal noioxrjTfg. Ol 'AcpQixavol ofio)g, ol 'ivdol, xal ol 
 rijg AfifQixyg xaia^QOVovviai, SIOTI tig TOV av&QConov fyifliui nai- 
 Ssla, Iniai^fjir}, ri&og xal fvye'vfia. 
 
 21. y ara&r] xatgbg oiav o noUirjg TW*' 'A&rjvwv, ngocpfQiav on 
 tlvai A&rjvalog, erifiaio, f^orj&elTO tig rag xqsias TOV ' aAAa TWOK 
 dlv TifiaTai a'AAo naqa TO fish TWV A&r)r<uv. 
 
 22. C O 3 AQtaTtidf)g xal o OtpiaTox^g yaav tx&QOi, xal avTtcpt- 
 QOVTO TiavTOTf. " OTUV opfog l'3av ir\v naTQida tig xlvdvvov, ll> Ag 
 aqcTjacDjUsy," flntv o OtfttVTOxtilg, " TrjV t%&Qav flag tda tig Tag 
 nvlag Trjg naTQtdog, xal oiav eTnaTQt'ifjWfitv ano TT}V dovktvaiv TOV 
 xoivov, av ^sJiyg, Ti]V ava).a^dvo{itv ndhv." 
 
 23. Boaxog Tig i'xaas tva [ioaxdgi, xal %TQS%S tdw x* extl va TO 
 Kal tTisidr) dev TO tvpiaxt, tTa^s (Qiyiov tig TOV <4la, av TOV 
 
 TOV xhtTtTyv. *Enr)yiv en SIT a tig eva ddaog, xal IJVQS tva faov- 
 onov sTgwye TO poaxdgi. TOTS eTgopa^s, xal l'T|e lavgov 
 slg TOV 4la, av povov TOV ylvroSaij dno TO, vv%ia TOV xUnTOV. 
 
 24. E?%s Tig plav ogvi&a y onola TOV fyevvovas XQ VO <* avyd. 
 Evoftias AOITTOV OTL avTrj tivat ysuaTi) xgvadcpt, ' Trjv i'v<pal;s, xal TI\V 
 tvgrjxtv opolav pe Tag aMag b'gvi&ag. 
 
 25. Elg TOV \vxov TOV \ai^.ov eaTa&ri xoxaXov, x' txtlvog vno- 
 ax&r) piadov tig TOV yt'gavov, av TO t^ydli] [*s TIJV pVTyv TOV. 'jExsl- 
 vog TO sftyafa xal S'^TSL TT\V 7i\rigK>^iriv TOV. 'AM,' o hvxog ythdaag, 
 " 2s y^aVft," tlntv, " OT* dno Ivxov (JTopa s^yahg ytgov xiydh." 
 
142 
 
 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 26. Ot fiuTgaxot Inagaxalovaav TOV 4 la vd Tovg Sway ftaadf'a ' 
 x' fxfivog fitenav Trjv avor t aiav Ttav Tovg fggr]$f fva xovTaovgov. 
 Ol /5aToa;fo axovaavTfg TT ( V Tagax^v tq>vyav fig ra fid&T} Ti\g \l- 
 pvr}g ' aA/l' fTtttdri o fiaailtvg tjjifvfv dxlvrjTog, TOV fxaTa<pg6vfaav, 
 xal fTraoaxa/loi/aav ndhv TOV Jla va Tovg ara'Ai? xavf'va aMov xa- 
 lyrfQOV. 'O Zevg &V(tta&elg xotr' avicijv TOUC tarsias IVa vsootfidov, 
 TO onolov Tovg exarctTiLvs ^(aviavovq. 
 
 27. To faovidgi xat o yddagog f'yivav avvigo<poi, x' (3yr t xav fig 
 TO xvvyyt*. " Oiav tnriyuv fig i'va enrjlaiov onov fi'glaxovTo dygio- 
 yldia, o yddagog 6jU/?ijx8 peaa, xat [if ratg x/.wram/c TOV xat yxaQt- 
 ofnaTU ra ldl(ax vf > x< o tewv OTfxoutvog fig TO e^/^aa^ua ra tniavs. 
 Acpov emaoav oaa ij&fKav, o ydoagog fgwrqae TO Itovrdoi av TOV 
 ngfaf r\ uvdgla TOV ' x' fXflvo aTtoxgl&r}' " .K* ty<a o i'diog &f va 
 l'%ava TOC xara'ar/^a pov av dev a 1 yl-fVQa OTL ftaai yddagog." 
 
 28. Ot ve(oifooi"EMiivfg xat aUa f&vr} vnr t xoa TWV TOVQXUV, 
 ojiov fivat e7iiTr t dfia va xdpvovv TTJV noaynaTfta, doxt(j,dovv uvyiaig 
 fvoxlrjaaig dno Tovg Tovgxovg onov fyovv ra xovpdgxia ' xat div 
 tivai andvio va Idfi Ttvdg ivav ywgoTOvgxo vd 
 
 29. 'O xooa$ dgna&v tva y.ouuuu xgt'ag xat fTTfTa&v fig tva 
 dsvdgov. Tov I'dfv TJ xvgu Magw xat em&vftrjaf TO xgeag. * EaTa- 
 &rj \oinov vnoxaTta TOV otvdgov xat TOV enaivovat. " Ti pfydlov 
 xat wgalov xat xvvrjyfTtxov irovki I Eiaai a$iog vd yivyg fiaadfvg 
 TWV TITIJVUV, av fl%fg xat qxovyv. nJirjv xolua tva. TfToio novKt vd 
 ijvat aqowvov." "Apa axuvaf TOVTOvg Toiig enalvovg 6 xooa xat 
 fvfrvg avoi$f TO aTopa TOV xat t'xoa>s pe oAjjv TOV TTJV dvvapiv. 
 ToTf y aAwTTOv fTgf^s xat agnate TO xgf'ag onov I'nfof dno TO aro- 
 , xat TOV fins' ""OAa ra *#/?, xogaxd //ov, vovg U.OVQV aov 
 
 30. Otlrjaag o ' Eg^g vd (Jid^ji fig nolav vno'kr^iv TOV f%ovv ol 
 av&gwnoi, f t unaftogcp(o&r] xal fnrjyiv fig evog ayalfiaTonotov ig- 
 yaaTr t giov. 'EgtaTrjaf noaov natJifiTai TO ayal>u.a TOV Jtog' " 31lav 
 dgaxurjv," finfv o TfxviTqg ' "jEnfiTa fgaiTTjaf nfgl TOV dydkuaTog 
 Trjg"Hgag, xal extlvog TOV flniv OTI d$lfi negiaaoTfgov. "idtv tnti- 
 TU xal TO fdixov TOV ayaJipa, xal vou^Loag o'rt, fTtfidrj fivat 
 v xal trpogog TOV xf'gdovg, ol uv&gwnot TOV 
 
 i<av 
 
MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS. 143 
 
 xal mgl TOVTOV, xal i'fja&fv OTI 
 fig TOV oaTig ayogaay Tovg attovg 8vo. 
 
 31 . Asyovv OTI o Av.ta.itov ecpayw&rj ano Tovg axvkovg TOV. 
 TO o/utof flvai ifjtvdog, dioTi o axvkog a/ana TOV av&tvTqv TOV 
 aaoTfgov ano xd&s JUo r^fgov ^wov ' xal TO a'AAo, ot 
 
 axvloi slvai T^^QOL ngos olovg Tovg av&Qunovg. Ttveg nahv Uyovv 
 OTI r) *ld()Tffiig TIQWTOV TOP ffiotTa^oQqxoatv elg skacpov, xal t'ntiTa TOV 
 ol axvloi. E^era of^og fis (paivncu OTI r) ^QTf^ig dev 
 va xapvy o TL ^s'Ast * tVuiTa Sev aiij^svet OTL oiv&gmnog 
 il va (AtTapal.&fi tig ikoupov, y elayog dg UV&QWTIOV. C H >Lj- 
 eivat TOVTTJ. O AxTuitav IJTOV Agxddiog TO yivog, xal wV qpt- 
 loxvvqyog iTQtcps nottovg axvlovg, xal fxvvrjyovaev Big TCC fiovvd, 
 v Tag vno&taeig TOV ' xal ToiovTOTgontag exuTaaxoQTiios TO 
 TOV. Kal a<pov dsv TOV efieivs n^iov TtnoTe, tfayav ol 
 noi' " Tov xuxofioiQov TOV 'AxTaiwva ol axvkoi TOV TOV tcpayav 
 xal ano TOVTO inldodri o (j,v&og. 
 
 32 . JJf gl TWV Inntov TOV Ogaxog ^tiofi^dovq Uyovv OTL 
 av&Qfanovg ' nya/pa ydolov, eneidrj TO <aov TOVTO ayana 
 
 xa* ^o^ia'pt xal oxt> dv&Qwmva xgiuTct. To dJuj&sg ilvai OTL Tovwg 
 o av&Qtonog f$6dtvasv olyv TOV TJJV negtovalav slg ayogav xal rpo- 
 q>f)v tnnwv, xal ol cplloi TOV ovopaaav Toiig tnnovg av&QUTioydyovg. 
 
 33. Oelovv ol noivjTal OTI y Niofii) tysTapdJi&i) ^eoaa elg U&ov. 
 Onoiog optag niaTsvet, OTI av&Qwnoi, fAfTafidJiJiovTai, slg Jil&ovg, r\ 
 ll&oi fig dv&Q(onovg, tivai, fitagog- 'H dJuj&'fjg laTogia tivai amrj. 
 *A(fOV dne&avav ola T naidla Ti]g, saTrjas U&ivov ayalpd Tyg end- 
 vto elg TOV Ta(fov TWV. 
 
 34. C Kaivsvg, xa&wg Uyovv, r)TOv aTQUTog. "OaTig op(ag vopl- 
 si OTL virdgxtL uTQatTog av&ganog, sivai. dvorjTog. To dhtj&Eg etvai 
 TOVTO. *O Kaivsvg VJTOV Osaoalbg, avdytiog xal TOV nokt(j.ov f'finfi- 
 qog. HOTS' TOV tig xct^lav fid%rjv dh tnlrjyto&i]. "OTUV ofAwg enols- 
 fiovas p.s Tovg KtvTavgovg did Tovg Actnl&aq, ol KfVTavgoi TOV 
 sniaaav xal TOV e&ayav <avTavdv. 
 
 35. At'ytTai OTI ol KKVTUVQOL yaav -fryQia fyovTa awpa 'innov xat 
 
 av&Qwnov. "Onoiog niaTfvti OTI vnrjQ^s TIOTB TOIOVTOV 
 , TtioTfVfi nguy^a advvaToV dioTi t\ <pvaig xal ij Tgocpr) TWV 
 TOVTWV dsv fivai r\ avTT), xal dion div eivai dvvaTOV vd ntgdorj 
 UTITIOV ano OTopa xal \aifjiov dvdgwnov. 
 
144 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 36. C ^ivyxtvg, fa'yovv ol pv&ohoyoi, ffilfntv tig rd 
 
 rr t g yyg. Totavra nuQctpv^ia outag div notTiti vd niartvuviat. 
 C H db]$fia iivai rovi*). 'O sivyxtvg TTOWTO? *'<" ' fifraUtvtj 
 Xgvabv xat uoyvoov xat a'Ua jUCTaUa. "Orav fxartftaivev ft? TO /ue- 
 TaUaov frratovs Ai^yov^ potty rov rovg onolovg ixyive txti xaiw, 
 xai aiirog tfiya^t TOV ^-aixov xat rov aldyyov. "Eltyav lomov oaot 
 rov ySivgav OTL o u4vyxti'f /5/LeTrct xat T xaiwrara rr^q yr^q. 
 
 37. Aiyovv nvig on, orav o AEQ$rj? infyvovasv anb rrjv EvQWinjv 
 fig rrjv 'Aalotv pi IVa <&otvixixov nlolovj eyivs ayodga avfpioa)ii) 
 wars TO TiAotov Ixivdvvtvs va nviyfj. *O fiaaifavg eowT^os TOV nloi- 
 
 uv i'ptivtv &nlg atarrjQtag, x' fxitvog rov anoxQi&i] on av 
 y va ykvrwar) anb rbv -nagbvra xltdvvov, ngenei va Qi<p&ovv o 1 
 rov tig ryv &d\aaaav. 3 JEowrrjas lombv b Atgfyg rovg 
 av ent^rpovv rrjv awrijQiav rov fiaodlwg Twr, x' (XHVOL 
 ndgavra I'xitvav Ta? xf^aia? fig arjjuflov vTiaxoijg xat inrjdrjaav fig 
 rrjv SdKaaauv ' xai TOtofTOTOoTrw? 8iv fnvlyrj TO TiAotoi'. Acpov de 
 Ifiyrjxav slg rrjv lijoav, o A^Q^g torf<pdv<oaf rbv ftoivixa TiAo/a^ov 
 fie ^ovaovv arf<pavov, diori iylvrwat rbv fiaadea, xai tnfira rbv 
 f, dion i'yivsv alrtog va %a$ovv roaoi 
 
 FROM CORAY. 
 
 1. ^Orav TW qxanapt'va B&VTJ ^uAwatv agx^ v va ^dvvwvrai elg rd 
 d, attrj laws -frfgaTTfta div pivfi nliov dt avid nagd vd Ini- 
 
 (7TOE(/'(oai xat ndhv fig rrjv aq%a.ivLV avrutv ^aQ^agbrrira. 
 
 2. C J1 tMifiyig ruv pfyalfav l^airtapdiojv tig rovg ovyyoaqifig 
 
 ?ro/Uax( a^o da&ivtiav rov vobg, f</V fivai ndvror' 
 ryg xoivr^g dgsr^g rov xataov fig rbv bnolov yqdcpovaiv ' 
 bllyov cpofifirai vd near] oarig div i'pa&s vd TTC'TCTW* v^/tjia. 
 
 3. Ol Ao'/tot avdpsg rov t&vovg *fivat (pvaixd ol rofio&s'rai ryg 
 yXwaaij?, rf]v bnolav ).a),u rb e&vog' aAA' eiVat vopo&irat drjpoxgari- 
 xov ngdyparog. Elg aviovg dvrjxfi r\ dioq&waig rfjg ykwaoyg, AA' 
 ^ y).<uoaa tivai xT^a o^ou TOI; t&rovc, xai xrr t pa itqbv. 
 
FROM CORAY. 
 
 4. Otav t] qptyloffOGpm awwav TTJV y\waaav eig Triv cpavTaalav Trig 
 
 , /*/ > '* Jf . ' "^^T^iTTff ^o iS v'^* 
 
 anaidfvaiag, exovveTUL, x^gig va TO esevgy TO peyu TTJ? onkov, xai 
 
 itagadldeTai exovalwg fig x&Q a $ tX&.v> ooTig dev &ehfi figadvvei, vd 
 
 Tqv <7<jp|j;. HOTS 77 C AA dev eixfv Id el TOOOV Tihy& 
 
 VMV (pdoooqxav, oaov tig tip ^OjUcV7jv naQcwprjv ir^g 
 
 ttJUUi 7iOT s&vog dev diaaTQscpst TTJJ> yAwaaav TOV x w Q^S 
 
 tVTauTw xat irjv naidsiav TOV. C H cuovvia^ia xr^g ykuaarjg avvodevei 
 
 ndvxoie xr)V uavvTct&av T<UV Ivvoiwv. 
 
 5. Al Tiotgoiplcti tivai y qpJoaoqD/a TOV xoivov Aaov, $ Tovldxi- 
 arov al ctnb rag onolag xaTSV&vvsTai xt xv/Sc^vTt fig noM.dg tov 
 ngu&ig yvu^at. '0 xoivbg labg, xal dia ifjv anaiSwalav, xat dia 
 lag fiavavaovg ti^vag, elg rag onolag f\ nevla ibv avayxd&i v 
 A?^T/, [ty'is dvvafiiv |U?jT xttigbv t%si vd TrAe'xry fiaxQOvg 
 afiovg did vd avaxahvyy ITJV og&OTrjia ryg jr^a^fwj. O it 
 vet id (jpa)Tia/uVa dnb T /5o/?oa E&VTJ, dev dvai toaov TUV ntnai 
 dsvpevwv TO nti]&og elg rd ngwTa y y ohyoTqg fig id dfvjepa, oaor 
 flvai al OQ&al q al xaxai d6ai TOV anaidevTOV haov. c '0oov xal av 
 aoq>ia&y TO E&vog, (lyre dvvaibv fivai, /U7?V fig TTJV nohTixrjv xoivw- 
 vlav ovfjKpeQti, vd rjvai o'Aa TOV T //e'A^ aocpd. L^oxct fig xbv \abv 
 vd do$dy og&d, dv xal dev r^vai tig xajdaTaaiv vd dwoy koyov diail 
 
 6. Ol VOfAOl TOTS [JLOVOV ttf^VOVO"f, TOT6 [tOVOV yiVOVTttl T(OV did 
 
 onolovg VojU0^6T^tjay a^r^ivr) oxenr] xat awTrjQiu, OTUV al y>v- 
 %al TToofcTOt/uofa^wfft did Tyg naidixrjg avargo^g fig TO oe'fiag xal 
 TrjV qpvAxj)v TWV vofiwv. 
 
 7. "EXOVOIV al qptAoaoqptxat ukq&fiai TOV xlvdvvov TOVTOV, OTIOTUV 
 OTiflg&iVTai X M Q*S (pgoviftov axs'yiv xt TtQocpvhaxrjV fig dxodg da&s 
 vftg ' yevvwai dqhadr) TO ainb unoTekfafia, TO ondlov jj&flav 
 
 fig TOV da&fvf) OTopaxov T laxvgd pQMpaTa. "OTav e$ 
 diakv&wai Tr$g TroAtTtx^ xoivtavlag ol dsapol, TO adixovpevov fiegog 
 TUV nohTwv, dt avib TOVTO, dioTi ddixovvTai, vo^il^ovv OTI i%ovaiv 
 oAa T dlxaia. dsv Trooas^ovat n^iov fig oaag xaxlag inga^av ^' 
 TigaTTOvv aiiTol, a/JL' aaxokovvTai fig oaa ndaxovai nagd 
 
 8. Kaxbg av&Qtonog dev yiv&xai xdve'vag fig plav 
 x T nu&r) dev flvai xx' agxdg n^v [.tixool 
 
 13 
 
146 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 FROM KOUMAS. 
 OF KLEPHTS. 
 
 1. Ol KktTiTai riaav dmov yivovg, 3 A).{3avol Mwuni&avoi, xal 
 XgiOTiavol, o'lTivfg j/j f^LayovTo p txfirovg, % ilf^dTovv xugiaTa. 
 
 2. "OTUV fjaav o^iydgt&fia in ajicpi] TWV, t(f.uQ(jnav fig ptxga ^w^/a 
 xat TU dirjgna^av, ivr t dgivav fig dgopovg, xal mdvovTfg dtafidrag 
 Tovgxovg r t XQiaitavovg rovg tavgvav fig wnousga xugla, EXOTTCCCV 
 ra avTia TWV, TU taiftoav fig tovg avyytviig wav, not acpov f>la^a- 
 vav Qayogotv, oarfv vj&elav, rovg un&vctv. 
 
 3. 'Oiav fTiliTj&vvorro ra <m'qp7j, T xaxov^^ara rav r^aav drj- 
 
 ^xatav /utx^ov? aygovg, dtrj^na^av xw'/ua? xa* 
 
 4. c Oiav nagrigxsio TO xaAoxa/^tov xt ol K 
 fig tijV 'Alfiavlav, % ixgvmovto fig ia ogi], TOTE f(palvfTo dvvafiic 
 TOVQXIXTJ dia vu Tovg TifjiKtQ^ar]. L4JUI' VT' ai/Tc5v fituwQfi tovg 
 TiQOudtxrjpevovg. Ms cpOQiia naaactiiov ft^MfffCV^ o Ta&dQxrjg 
 Tovgxog, fQfwav -ilvtg r t aav ol xltmod6%oi. " 'Olovg lovg fvxara- 
 ajotTovg fVQiaxe jgoopbig TWV KlfTrtwv ' ps TOV cpofiov TOV nuaadlov 
 rovg fyvfivovf, xat OVTW? fig rovg ni(o%ovs ^fw^tT? TO XT Trjg 
 cfdgpaxov fylvfio oh&QiwifQOv naga ri]V af$<o<niav 
 
 5. /7o>U.ot oosivot rQcuxol, xdioixoi TOV OJiVnnov t Tr}g 
 
 TOV UyMov, rrjg Ofay? >* A>lwv fiovvar, cpvhctTTOVTfg ano rovg 
 ps T o^/La rag nargLdag Ttav, ygxiaav ngo TroUov va r\- 
 uno rovg riav^onegovg ofioyfvflg TUV pia&ov T^S (pvlaxjjg Ttav. 
 3 Eotv dfv TOV ildnpavav, fptfiovvTo xal avrol TO nagddfiypa TUV 
 xal fkyaTSvav. OVTOI fivat ol nfQiadoftfvoi K^lmai Tr t g 
 , TWV onoiwv y yivsaig fivai no\).u ncduic't. Hoilg nagd 
 opfvot TO xfomixov ocplxiov, xavzatvtat noKkol OTI TO 
 ytvog TOJV dev in),r t gtaat ^aoaTatov fig Tovg Tovgxovg. 
 
 6. J/M va ffov&fQto&aJaiv ol xguTOiivTfg dno Tyv (pgovrlda TOV 
 va xTTp^a)fft Tovg 'Alfiarovg xal Tovg "E^vag Tovrovg Ktenras, 
 
 xal Toiig tdidav nia&ov fi^aiov, did vd cpvkatTuai Tug 
 
FROM KOUMAS. 147 
 
 dno Tf)V forjlaalav KlsnTwv uM.wv. 3 EdioQla&r}aav koinov 
 (j,fgl8fg rivsg T?$ Xwgag fig fovg ngtoTOOTaTag TWV aTicpwv TOVTUV. 
 Ka&slg Ta&agxog ntQiygx** ps TO idy^a, TOV tr\v ISixyv TOV (Atgldaj 
 xal engoasxs (if) (pavfj K\imr\g, pr) dojaij Tig i^Kt^Lov slg Kkemrjv* 
 
 7. Ol rgaixol KksnTat, dcpov f^t^xav fig Tavrrjv TrjV vnovgylav, 
 
 fig TO evcprjfioTSQOV TOC ovofnotTu twv. Okoi opov uvofAci- 
 Q^aTw^ol ' o a^xisTtTTj?, x an IT civ i o g ' ol VTIOTMXTI- 
 xol TOV, naM.rixctQict' xat o inrcca7iiaTt]g TOV, nQMToncthXr}- 
 x a Q o v, o onolog [itTa TOV &dvonov TOV xannavlov txAs'/ETO vno 
 TWV naMyxotglav diddoxog TOV, av aTte'&vqaxev ctTsxvog, jj av o vlog 
 TOV dev sfysv ajtofj.1] rjhxiav vu xaniTCtvsvfl. Al [ifgldtg T%g iniXQU- 
 Tflag TWV (ovo[MxovTO xantTavaT a xt n Q w x T a. Ka&slg xam- 
 Taviog dsv sxctTadsx^o v otMcxfy TO notTgonctQcidoTov TOV xaniTctTd- 
 TOV ' xai okoi ol nQOtaTMTfg TWV aTKpwv TOVTWV easfiovTO apoifiotlwg 
 TCI dlxaict TWV avvadf^g)oijv TWV xaniTavlwv. 
 
 8. noUdxig ri ' O&mfictvixrj xvpegvyaig r)&elrjae vot shv&SQW&TJ 
 ano Tovg AQfiaTtahovg TOVTOvg, TWV onolwv rj vnaQ&g cpalvsTai THX- 
 
 j, xal xat xaigovg xa&atQeaaaa Tovg al-MOTsgovg 
 
 dvvafuv va Tovg dcpavlay. *AM elg Toiamag nsQ 
 tv&vg ol 3 AQ(jiaT(alol eylvovTO ndhv KUnTcu, xal exapvav 
 exdlxyaiv, oxt fiovov xara TKIV TOVQXOJV, aU.a xal xara TWV 
 avwv. Elg Tag ngog Tovg TovQXOvg avfinJioxdg TWV sdei&v 
 xig rjgcaia^ov nagopoiov TOV TWV nahaiwv vpvovnevwv ygwwv. JElg 
 Tag ntdtddag dsv ydvvavTO vd dv&tt-wai xaia TOV Inmxov TWV TOVQ- 
 xwv, aH' fig Tonovg ogsivoTegovg dsv I'axvs TITIOTS XUT* avTwv y 
 TWV lx^Q^ v TWV - MSTU ^axQovg aywvag xal aQgyTovg 
 TWV vnrjxowv sava<pihovovTO ndhv ps Trjv xv^s^vriaiv, xal 
 Ta ngdyfiaTa dnoxa&laTavTO ndfov tag ngoTsgov. 
 
 9. llalaid ngwTaTa TOVTWV TUV xantTavlwv ecpr)plo&r)oav TO TOV 
 M7iovxo{3dJia, f ooTig vpvstTai ozt ^us TQiaxoaia naMyxaQia 
 
 jUTjas dudsxa ^dia'fla? 'Alfiavuv slg xa "Aygacpa ' TO TOV 
 TOV onolov o dnoyovog Hand EvOvftiog, fifJiST^aag xal avaxevdaag 
 tnavdaTuaiv XT TOV 3 A^ Uaod, snQodo&rj xal vnscpsgsv odvvijQo- 
 TUTOV -frdvaTOV ' o Tadgag, TOV onolov o vlog Nlxog Tadgag nsvTS 
 KTI) enofoftrj&r) slg /uarijv dno TOV UVTOV 3 Ati] naadv ' o slg TO 
 xaniTavsvaug Mnaadsxqg, Taaog, xal 
 
148 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 10. Ol oivdgtg ovjoi, -uav onolwv tnyre&T) nagd noUwv dtxaltog 
 y dvdgla, Ticegd TotvTyv 8tv iyvwgi^av attov ygmopov. Bagfiagoi, 
 andv&gmnoi, tapol, oiav fiers^dUovro el? KXimag, dev ecptidovio 
 ovis yvvalxag ovis naidla, tyvpvovav x hptlg, ttal agxtSQelg iivag 
 
 o Nittog Tadgocg, polovori, acpov rovg tyvpvovav, TOV? Icpi- 
 
 * f^TfTOVV TT]V SV^V T(OV. 
 
 11. C O Kovpas tyvmgias nQoawTuxwg tov Nixov xot tov liana, 
 Ev&vpiov. Otlyaag va evdvplar] tov nqwTov or* opotd&i tov 
 
 e'a, ^'xouas jug aygiov TOVOV ' " Ti *Axi\\ia. If'ytig xat Totai/ra 
 eaxorwas nottovg TO iov<pexi tov L 
 
 FROM KOKKINAKES. 
 
 3 Agxov8 a$, xal '/w a ij (p. 
 
 Agxovdag. 'Hk&a vu vug xdfia IVa ngo 
 . Elg ipiva ; 
 JJfi. AQX. C H svysvla aag dsv ila&s av&gunog r^g 
 
 la a. *H(jiovv TIOIS. 
 
 UST. Agx. 2ag dgtofi aviog o igonog TOV ^r t 
 
 la a. Mdhaxct, ITISI$T} fx rtaoug pov yhxiag tig amov duett 
 
 va 
 
 10 
 
 /w a. *Eyw ; f/(a dev !#&> ilnoxtg did va QUftoxtvdvvevoto. 
 . A g x. *'E 3d, jovldxioTov rijv tariv aag dsv 
 
 Ja> a. TV/a avTT) ftovr) ps lutivs Trie ov. 
 
 II s T. A g x. Avirj pi cp&dvu Ipsra. Ey<a dguaTovw tva xa- 15 
 
 /5* /ue T i$oda pov, y ivyfvla aag ylvia&t xagctpoxvgrjg, xal 
 
 pvns jU avio IVa ict^ldi tig rip 
 
 lot a. Elg TTJV A(fgix^v , Kotl fy.ii 
 
FROM CHOURMOUZES. 149 
 
 ZTer. AQX. Elvai ula t7iix(Q$i]<; xfydooxonla, 77 ngayftdjsia 
 
 TWV axhdfiwv 
 
 I (a a. ^Av OIT g i% IUOVT ag.} Ms ra awaxa aag TO hsytxe , 
 
 UST. AQX. 'A^IIS nwg / dev BX M axonov va aag novhrjaw Ida) 
 
 5 7r(oa Aoyta. 'Eyw ygovil^w diet oAa. *An td<a cpOQTOvoptv 10 
 
 XttQufii aldegov, QOMI, jovysxia, pnaQovu, jwa^a^axta, xalaevioug 
 
 faxdvcug, naviu 'ivdixa, xt T e^g. Exsl -freltTS n^^ovsi dta 
 
 IVa vyiy ysQov axhdfiov negl ta r^taxoata nsvyvTci ygoaia TO 
 
 xoarog, dia ^tlav yvvauxa o%t nsQiaaoxfQOV ano diaxoaia oydwvict 
 
 10 OXTW, fneidr) fiovov fig xrjv EvQ(am]V cpeQOfiev ypflg at'fiag slg rag 
 
 yvvalxctg. *Av opag o axldfiog y f\ aidafia tyy TiTiOTtg fAaTiw^cr, 
 
 nginfL va ytctTt^aa&ovv ano tr\v n^v. Aoyov X tt Q lv > d l( * * vct 
 
 novTaodovirjV dsxot ygoata Tra^axaTW, dia IVa {Skapfisvov tig TCC 
 
 Ttoddgia, nevijvia. Ugog rovroig TIQSTIEI o aivSgag va txfl f^dxQog 
 
 15 itaasQa noddgia xal rsaasQa ddxivha, y yvvalxa 0(iwg povov Ta- 
 
 atga noddgia. IttensTS noaov ngaxrixog slfiai iy<a 3 g 
 
 Toelg TTQaypdrstaig ; 
 
 Ita a. Oavfjict. 
 
 UST. AQX. UiaifvasTs pe, pe avryv TTJV HQaypdTSiav 
 20 Qovpev va xegdyawpev noMat. Ol Mavgoi navTaxov dev y 
 
 va loyttQid^ovv, pyTS va yqdcpovv, xal rinnogti va tovg 
 nvag onwg 
 
 FROM CHOURMOUZES. 
 
 , Javllyg, xal 
 Tvx<>8i(oxTr)g. Elni va // kioifAaoovv TO aango aloyov, 
 
 25 A a v i X rj g. K' ixilvo novtl y gnxn TOV ' 
 Tvx- *Ag BTOifidaovv hoinov TO yctgo. 
 dav. 2yneQov inyyttv va TO TTOT/OTOI/V, x' msas to 
 TOV ' jUoVov aV &&(* k'va ya'idovQi dcpevTixo, tlvai XTW OTTOV 
 13* 
 
150 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 iU ' avro dtv TOV telnet T/TTOTE ' ndyei xdvels p* avio 
 d&dvaia. 
 
 - Tov xaxo aov ibv xatoo &a xaflaMixevaw iyw ya'idovgi. 
 dav. 'Ogiafiog aag. (&evyei.) 
 
 Tvx- (Mov 0$') Tldvawxia! fiiarj woa dev 'e'xei xdvels a- 5 
 vdnavaiv ' t^v vvxia XOQOV, TTJV rj^sQa dovleid ' va Idovfis c5? 
 note &u /Saor!/7 xctvelg. A^opa dsv txod.o&TTvrjact, xal &a ige- 
 X<o 's TOV? dgofjiovs. (Kfvna 10 xovdovvi.) 
 
 d a v. Tl ngoaid&ie ; 
 
 Tvx- 'ETolpaas ra Sovgia&ta. 10 
 
 AO.V. Eivai IVot^ua. 
 
 Tv%. Avio TO aanovvi dsv pVQi&i, xoda. N 3 ayogdar t q t/ar- 
 QOV ano txtlva onov novlovv '? TO f&QavTas&xo /^a^a^t, rvh- 
 ' '$ id ^a^Taxta. 
 
 Jav. K* fxelvvt i'zovv x^t/?a. OUQQW ntag T dlvovv rgelg 15 
 
 ocxfjidg TO eva. 
 
 Tv%. "As e'xovv xal dsxa ' riioiag olxovoftlag div ^e'iw. <f>^e 
 
 v T nodjfAona /ue T' darjfisrta anigovvia. 
 
 Jav. Eivai TotjU. 
 
 Tv%. *os // xal va xoAwTatow. 20 
 
 Jar. Evdvg. ('Avaxa gel.) 
 
 - (Mo v Off.) jEyw /UT TO (payl i'xei o &v&gwnoq - 
 
 oMyi}V avdnavaiv, did vd ylvrj T\ xtavevaig fjie riav%lav, 
 ty<a &d TOC^W /ue'aa els toi>s yhovs, xal di dfioifirjv e^w tip dxa- 
 qiaTiav ' nJirjv vnopovy ' y (pdav&gwnla //ov dnaiTel vd x'u co 25 
 
 TOV XOVCpO. 
 
 Attv. (Efifiaivei /us TO ngoytv^ia.) OO/OTC. 
 . "As (pdyw oMyov. d^f'os /UE eva finoxdh 
 . 3 d(a eivai, oglaie ' TI^V UVQIOV oa t u7idna 6ev 
 
 Tvx> ^fvTO TO f'xsts ovairjfia, d<pov t&Miioj TO ngdypa TO'T 30 
 vd fie MS on 3ev eivai. Ilrj/aivs hoiTiov eneira tig TO 
 ^ixo payal xal TIUQS dudexa ftnorlhais aa^ndvia. 
 
 Jav. "Evas^EUrjv % uno TO I'diov xal TO dlvei 
 av &&TS dno ex el vd Traow. 
 
 Tvx- Maho"ia, dno TO I'diov' iL dvorjios onov float, xavpevc! 35 
 aTio TO Idtov xal cpdrjvoTfQov yivtiai ; TOGO ngdypa dev r t pno- 
 
FROM CHOURMOUZES. 151 
 
 gslg vd aToxoto&yg; "Entnu, anb TO <PgavTGtxo [iayal nalgvovv 
 xat anb TO notkdu xat anb olovg Tovg fiivlaTgovg. 3 Anb Ixu "koinbv 
 va ndgyg, xat TSTOiaig olxovoplaig 8sv fis XQSUX&VTCU. Akv 
 cp&dvtt, ol xonot bnov Toa/5w piga vvxia, povov &a niva xat 
 5 xoaat dxapvo. - IIov dvcci TO axvAt ; Awv Atwv. ("QX S - 
 rat o axvAo?.) Uov yaovv, notQakvfisvs ; div rfavgetg OTI 
 fivtti 17 (agct TOV (payrjTov ; IVa (pays xahd, diOTi CIVQIOV ^ nafie 
 } g TO xvvyyi. (ZijxovsTCti.) Jwas ps T nodrjpaToi pov, TO 
 QOVXO [iov, xat TO anadl fiov. 
 10 Jav. 'OaloTS. 
 
 ' Kal TTJV o(i7tQsM.a pov ' xa^ pt'ga &a a' ra Ae'/w; 
 . (TOV dldet TVJV o//7r^6XX.) e OQIOTE. 
 
 *Av |U fyTTjay ttavelg, flnsg TOV va sjL&ij slg ir^v \iln. 
 . Kal dsv avol/eis an' sSw TTJV ofinQ^a Gag; 
 15 TvX' TIoAu avor}Tog tiaai, xavpeve ! Kal rmnogw va ifiyw 
 anb TijV noQTa [is avoixTyv o^nQs^a ; 
 
 /lav. 3 Akr]&ia, dsv TO aTOxda&r}xa. AcpsvTixo, yiaTl dsv 
 
 nalgveTS xal TTJV VVXTU TTJV ofings^a aag ; AEVQSTS ncag xat TO 
 
 ysyyagi neiQaei ' eyw Iv&vpovpai pla yoga aggwaTrjas tvag 'g 
 
 20 TO xvgio i"0^> hott l^aae TOV yddago TOV xat TOV syvgsvs T^V 
 
 VVXTU fits TO cpfyydgi. 
 
 TvX' AVTO xala TO Isg ' y IdfAyig TOV cpfyyagiov fftdnTSi, ' 
 xat Twoa m'thara bnov tivai xat o xoftrfTyg neigd&i negiaaoTS- 
 gov. 418s fiB \oinbv TIJV ofingsMa (JLOV OTUV efiyaivo) TTJV VVXT&. 
 25 4av. A^&eta, acptVTixo, dsv ps beg il ngaypa flvai yvTo 
 bnov leve xoprjTr], xat xvTTa^ovv xd&s figddv o'Aot 'g TOV ovgavo ; 
 Tvx- JBivai s'va a'oroo ^u TTJV ovgd. 
 Jav. .Kat SiotTi va prjv e%ovv xat T a'AAa ov^>a / 
 Tvx* diOTi elvai xolofid. 
 30 dav. "Oaa lombv tyovv ovgd Ta Uyovv XO^TTJ ,- 
 
 Tvx> MahaTa, xat slvai xahrjTfga va Ta bvopa^av ovgaTa. 
 Aav. Tov yddagov, aqprnxo', TOV naTega fiov dsv -&d TOV 
 fo'yco nid XsXio, povov xop-^TOcgov, yiaTi xt ai/Tog l^t ovgd 
 
 35 
 
 Kangsbrjg. davllr), nov tlvai b xvgiog 
 
152 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 4av. Tuga on 
 
 Kan. Kal 
 
 J a. v. Elg Tyv piav /us sine vd &&rj onoiog &d TOV ^'077. 
 
 Kan. Aoinov slns'g TOV on ^&a, xat sneidr] div TOV f/voa, 
 snstja. 
 
 z/av. Kal ngoapsvsis oU/ov, fxelvog iwga TWQU &a e/l^. 
 Jldvia OTUV <pBV/fl teyti on &a si-fry fitra dvo WQas, n\r\v TTOT 
 div falnsi ntgiaaoitgov ano fAtai]. 2Va TO axvkl, !'grrat xat o 
 
 Tv%. Ka/lw? TOV XVQIOV Kangslr] ' slaat, nol\r\ w^a sdw; 10 
 Kan. Twga on yji&a. 
 
 .} 3 A(pavla&rixa nahv aypsgov '$ TOV ^' 
 
 Kan. (Ka\)sTai.) Twovrt arjfifgov slvai noWy xdyig. 
 dsv aa? i'da ano x&*?> x * qlfra va aag naQaxaliaca va o^id^ans 15 
 TOV cpllov aag xvglov Mnagovldr) va ps fittly si? xapplav vnygs- 
 oiav. Eivai igslg fjtfjvsg d<pov rjl&a ano TO Tgiscni xat axo/nij 
 div ripnogw va i t ufi(o slg xduulav -frs'aiv. Ms flnav va // xdij.ow 
 ao-rvvopov slg TO Navnliov, nlr t v dsv ps sxapav. "Hl&apKV tnet- 
 ta s8(a, xat sinav va ps ttdftovv ndhv darvvopov, nlrjv axofitj 20 
 T/TTOTS dsv syive. div T^SVQO) diari avrol ol av-frgiunoi, fis xaTa- 
 Mav&dvo) on efialav aiAov" evw av sfijSaiva iyw va 
 TI dovlsialg onov r t &s).s vd xa ( o). Idov si%a xat TOV 
 STOIIJLOV irjg amvvoulag' nagaTrjg^afrs TOV. (Toy 
 sva ^a^T/.) 25 
 
 Tv%. (To -frstapsl xat TO sniaTQsys i.) Jidfiaae TO 
 sav, dion Ipsva ftoovv T' avTm pov dno TOV jjltov. 
 Kan. (To nalgvet xat 
 
 THS 
 
 I. ^A\un wxTtoay, xdvtlg vd [tyv rjftnogf} vd tfiyy dno TO 
 TOU. 30 
 
 Tvx> *E xaA, f'xstg axonov vd pag xltiaijg dno reoot g stg Ta 
 
 anlnd uag ; 
 
FROM CHOURMOUZES. 153 
 
 Kan. *0%i da! dev flvat o loyog did irjv svyfvlav aag. 
 
 II. Zaguvxa OXTW av&gwnoi, vd diogia&ovv vd 
 
 ig id xaqpema xal %evodoxtia, did va axovovv il 'kiyovv ol av- 
 t, xat xd&s figdov va fldonoiovv lov daivvopov xat TO 
 
 onov ^xovaav. ^vyxcogsiTai, elg tovq 
 aarvvoftovg va t'xovv endvw rovg /St/5A/a, ttal va 
 ovovv o 11 axovovv, dia va py &%vovv T/TTOTC. 
 
 III. "Orav fiUnovv dvo y rgsig va avvo^iiJiovv, ij x* Va povov, 
 10 va nhvjaid&vv xat va ^iav&dvovoi il \iyovv. 
 
 IV. 2vy%(*)()ti-iai ngog tomoig fig iovg fivaTixovg aotvvofjLOvg 
 va (fv'kaxovovv xat va i^ogl^ovv onoiov VTIOTIJEV&OVV oil \%si axo- 
 novg jtWQVpfiievovg. 
 
 V. Ol nvanxol darvvopoi TTgenei va n\r\aidovv iir\v vvxia fig 
 15 rag olxlag TWV Tiokntav dia va axovovv rl \iyovv al olxoyt'veiai, 
 
 xat TToAAa ngcal va uSonoiovv tov aawvofiov o 11 yxovaav xat o 
 11 I'dav. 
 
 VI. JVa (piTiodia&ovv ia av^noaia xat at ovvavaargocpai* 
 
 VII. Na diarax&waiv ol nv^vfiaiixol, a pa ^o^oloyr^aovv xa- 
 20 viva, va 7iagqr\aid^ovv iyygdywg fig ir\v dawvoftlav lyv e|o/ioAo'- 
 
 yrjaiv. Na diaiax&wai xat ot yovflg va a-rsttovv fig lovg nvtv- 
 fiarixovg T naidid xwv, apa yfvvr)&(uai, did va 
 xat avid. 
 
 VIII. Avo dno iovg fivanxovg doivvo^ovg vd 
 
 25 iat slg iovg ydfiovg xat fig ir\v fidmiaiv, did vd axovovv xat 
 vd nagairigovv il Xeyovv xal il xdfivovv ol yovflg xat ot vsovv^- 
 cpoi, xal il oxrjfjtaTa xdpvfi 10 Pgiyog oiav <&d TO fiamlaovv. 
 
 IX. !47ra/ooevsTat xt fig iovg ydpovg xat fig ir\v fidmiaiv vd 
 f*T)V ivQlaxfiat, aUog xdvflg, flpr) povov ol yovug, 6 dvddo%og, o 
 
 30 IfQfvg xal dvo [tvanxol aaivvo^ioi. 
 
 X. Jig iyg sfidopddog, xaid nspnTTjv xal xvgtaxrjv, vd vno- 
 XQfovtaviai avdgfg xal yvvalxfg, vsot xal yigovifg, nitaxol xal 
 nlovoioi vd fie&ovv tnl nagovala iwv ILVGIIXWV daiwofimv, dioii, 
 /u' aviov lov TQOTIOV pav&dvsi, fvxohwg y aaivvopla id fivanxa 
 
 35 Twy nohiuv. 
 
 XI. "AV xdvflg TifQinaiy axsmixog t dfisatog vd cpvlaxovsiai, 
 
154 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 t 
 
 xal 7io ( uVo? va 4$OQisiai, xadwg xal oaTig xlalfi, yda, 
 dti T] ayvQi&i. 
 
 XII. Net diOQia&f] dwQta sxaTov dgaxpal fig TOV oaTtg ngodw- 
 a$ TOV <plkov TOV, diaxoatat fig TOV oang ngoduay TOV avyytfrj 
 TOV, xal TQtaxooLai fig xov oarig n^oduar] tov naxiQa jov. 5 
 
 XIII. IVa xakaa&ovv oKa, T q^o>Lsta, xal va (povgxia&ovv 6'ylot 
 ot diddaxaJioi. 
 
 XIV. "0<JTig svQet, xal avayivwaxr] va dldy cpogov 3vo TaAapa 
 TOV fii)va, xal oang &VQSI va ygdtpr) va dldrj liaaaga. 
 
 XV. "Ctta ra ygdfiftaia TWV nolnuv va avolyuviai ano TOV 10 
 
 Tv%. Aviog o ogyavtafiog fivai -fravfia ' xal av tfaovv 
 vog fig TTJV naTQida p,ov, jj&fJia maTfvafi OTI avTs'/QaifJtg TOV 
 Idixov pag. 
 
 Kan. "H&fla va diuTa^o) xl a'Ma, opag aav dsv p ediogiaav 15 
 aoTWopov TOC na^aiTijaa x' iyu. "Ag T xafiovv ol 
 aoTWOfiOL onov tfialav. 
 
 FROM GEKONOMOS. 
 
 TOV voaoxo pslov, xal c JEijVTa@eJi6vr)g. 
 Ti -frt'lovv TOVTOI* ndhv ol 
 
 ayioydvTaig , 
 
 Ka\r] ?; ug'^a aag, ugxovTu. 
 a.) Kaxy aag piga xal yvxQri* ( c ^i,/ce.) 
 Aoff aag Tansivog' TI fivai OQiapog aag ; 
 
 ETIITQ. To adfJicpaTov avvdo[tsv dia TO annah, xal av OQI&- 
 TS xal % fvysvla aag > 
 
 E$r)VT. To adflcpaTOV , xal Toaoi addqtol dsv fia&s Ixavol va 25 
 TjafT' fva anndh*; "H (nov avvd&T' Ixu o).ovg Tovg nagaKv- 
 TOV xoapov, xal Twga JVafe^feqrtWrt TOV? dv&Qwnovg fig 
 TE'TOIOV dvaTVxiapsvov xaigov ; 
 
 . 'Hfifig dlv (3idopfv xavcVa* ^ 
 
FROM (EKONOMOS. 155 
 
 Na /wg ovpna&yasis' ri efayfioavvr) tyu xat avtf) id 
 irjg. Eatlg enygsie xaid &vgt nlovaiovg, niwxovg, fifyd- 
 lovg, (iixgovg, vd avvdsie oaa pnogsasis ytd vet [is&waiv ol ani- 
 lahwTcu. > OfjiOQ<fo ngdfia! Eldis aigafiolvd q>dre i<av ysgwvs 
 5 TO @iog ! K* vaiega iL xHAers 'g epsvot / Akv nctyalvsTS '? iovg 
 ; Kovraol, orga^dl 'g tor 'Ayiavtwvi). 
 . c> Evag an amovg tia&s xat ^ tvy evict actg. 
 . Eyw otQXoviag / Avd^sfici rovg xt oaot TO fe'yovvs xi 
 oaot TO marevyovv. *Eytn TO gsvga, qxxfieUTfjg av&gwTtog, nwg 
 10 &Qtq)(0 T GTilxi /uov. AVQ naidict, xat rgslg dovJioi, x' e/w, | 
 il ^e'Aofyfi va, cpavs; Ei'xoai ygoaot dsv pe (p&dvovv T^V 
 Ki ^u/u cpogtfiaTa ; Ki a^pe doatpo 'g IT]V xtogav / 
 K J vaisga nag xat ^6^ xdfivofis xat xavsva y>v%ix6 ; 
 
 Enng. "A&og cffua&og Gag. 
 
 15 JEgyvT. " ! dsv [tag acovovv avia, iwga d&ovv aanga xat 
 ol InhgonoL IQV annahov. Tl fiidfiol.0 I TOVTOI ol 2pVQViol 
 oAot ndvs va yivovv inngonoi yia vet yvpvovovvs IQV xoa^uo. 
 IJgox&eg, oV (l%a dtwt-Ei vovg snitQonovg TWV futt^rjaiwv, vd aov 
 xal ol initgonoi lov a^oJisiov. Ka\s 5t/?oAov yviol, dsv [tag 
 20 cp&avovvs t alia fiagiu B^oda T%g nohTelag fiag, [iovo &ilop, xat 
 a^oActa' ; Kal ii avepo ta -&i\o^B id a/oAsm ,- *H vd pd&ovvs 
 id naidtd flag vd ye'vovvs nolvloydfteg xat axafidiaig ; 
 aot o &tog ! sva naidl l^w, xa'AAto TO' '^>la atga^o naga 
 juaTta/ueVo. To /is/A?jToo /9t/5Ato 'nov 3s vd dtafiday xartlg as 
 25 TovToy IQV xo'a^uo Tyat Ta naifg^id tov xat TO xaiaaTt^axt TOV, 
 vd ygdcpr) id I'|o5a' TOV. Ma XQSida&rjxeg xdvsva yoa^^ua va 
 atslJiyg slas xdvdvuve ^BydKov, dwae nivxB nagddeg eva yadotgo- 
 loyiuriarov, xat xa^us ir\v dovheiav aov. Amr\ rj 2^.vgvri ano ta 
 xotva xaAa v^g nay si vd povhfor}. 
 
 30 Enixt>. Kal xwglg xoivd xaAa, xat pdhara voaoxopuov xat 
 nola X^Q n > aQX OVTOC > ^vvarat vd avaTa&y ; 
 
 Tovtflaig govcplatg ! Ta a^oAem fidhara 
 BhentTS tovg Xlovg ' oao ^Byalovovvs Ta 
 TWV, Toao nixQalvows id xaAouTraxta TWJ>. "E%ovve xalovg da- 
 35 axaAov?, xt a^Tot yrj^d^ovvs 'g lalg fvnsialg ' wg xat V TTJV 'ly- 
 ylusgav nriyavs, tta&<og axov/w. Ol Kvdtavidraig, xvira xwra 
 
156 CHRESTOMATHT. 
 
 TO axolfio, &e v dcpyaow raig thatig TWV y fyga&ovv, xat nd- 
 yovv vd ysvovv oioi Ti^a/^onsvTudfg. T<aga x' oi S^vgviol pag 
 div xviT(xovvs T^V ytagttv TW, uovov avot&tv piydlo o^oAeto yid 
 vet AoXaa'tovrat ia naidid iov, va nayaivovvt 'g TTJV (ligayxiav, 
 
 v /tie xuTieAa. Atnvaho&rjxuve ! JCaia /iou TO 5 
 6 xayoviijs 6 TivsvpaTixog ftov ' " *A(pov cpavr)- 
 
 o xo'auo^." 
 Kul dia TO amidJn, 
 va eJLfJ. 
 
 PROVERBS. 
 
 1. Kodij t>'t ^ vuqpij /i, /uoVov 
 
 2. jKaLUov lya? cpgovipos f^^ooj, Tra^a IVag ^01/0^65 
 
 3. Ot TroA/Lot xaoa^oxvoaloi nvlyovv TO xo.5i. 
 
 4. e O dtdpokog yldia div fi^e, xat 
 
 5. t? xo//a/iVov an/rt a^oirt 
 
 6. '^o/ov o^ov aou %a(jlovv t tig T 5ovTia ^UTJV TO 
 
 7. Xce^ ytviris fyfi xat Toy /ua'oifoa' TOU. 
 
 8. "OTTOIOS xa/] /ze TO ^corov, q>vadsi xat TO x^vov. 
 
 9. /Ztray o^ou 5ey TOW'/^, T* a' cVvota^st aV 
 
 10. c !va? TotAo? ^^yci TT^V -iiiQav 'g TO nyyddi, x' exaiov 9:00- 
 
 11. W 0^ou axor^ TioAAa xoa'o*a, fiao~ca xat 
 
 12. ^uo yddagoi tfidkovav tig &vr)v axvQuva. 
 
 13. MtTqa dsxa, xat XO'<JDT /utW. 
 
 14. 0of'^/ /U'xov TOV ^fi^wya >'a as qpa/0 TO xaloxaigt. 
 
 15. "Orav AaXovy ot xoootxot, opt5/ot;y TO arjdovia. 
 
 16. Ovr o q/TW/o?, OVTE o Ao/o? TOV. 
 
 17. O TI ^ ^ ^ota J TOV yovy TIJ?, TO 'films 'g TO o 
 
 18. Oao flaat Ttayza cpalvov, xa* xo^u/uaTt 
 
 19. To a'Ao/oy to n^ym^ivov oiav I8r t rr t v ailav 
 
 20. 1 Avxog ' 
 
FROM CHRISTOPOULOS. 157 
 
 21. *!fi)ua#a yvfivog, x' evTgenofictt, evdvpsvog- 
 
 22. Mrj kvnaaai TOV xa/JaAAa^v nag xQSfiovTai, ta noddyia TOV. 
 
 23. Tov %WQiaTijv TOV lupovaav, x' exelvog &ctg()ovae nwg TOV 
 
 24. "Onov nsivaet,, xopfiaTia OVSIQSVSTOU. 
 
 25. Ilov nag xaxr) Tv%r] ; '^"TOI/ notoTtzviTi] TO anht. 
 
 26. Hug nav, Kogowa, TO, naidia aov / "Oaov nav Toaov 
 
 27. ftralysi o Quapiriq, xai degvovv TOV pd 
 
 28. "Emaae TO %&t, unb TrjV ovgav. 
 
 29. Q&n va Pyahy ti (pldi ano T^V "iQvnav ps TOV TQiJiov TO 
 
 FROM CHRISTOPOULOS. 
 I. 
 
 xat 
 Tov xoapov 
 
 o vovg, TO aw// a fiov, 
 5 To OTy&og xat TO aTOfia pov 
 
 ytaTQtvsi xal 
 JEav &ov?, 
 OvQOivia xi ueQ 
 Kgantig xt 
 
 10 Kal etag 'g 10. ctiwviu 
 
 Tyg yris pag 
 
 Ta {$&*] aov 
 To pUppct aov TO 
 Ano TOV xoffjuo 
 
 15 2Tiyny axtdov av 
 
 xoapog oKog afiv 
 Kail xotTctVTci xat 
 AT7j(jpeta xa* 
 14 
 
158 CHRESTOMATHY, 
 
 00V, 
 
 'H dvvapi) ntydl.r) aov, 
 aov y do$a ! 
 ^V aiowa? 
 Kal &avpaaTT) aov ngovoiav 
 Kal -t ap#T aov TO. 
 
 II. 
 
 Akv -^c'Zw ya elnlaot, 
 Akv ^e'Aw y 
 
 TO ftfM.OV $ TT)V 
 
 To a^/uc^a ngoxQiv 
 To ctVQio T' <jptVa> 
 
 To i' VGtfQct &u 
 Kal ii /us a 
 
 Ilors dev TO 
 HOTS 5iv T' avafiavta, 
 Hail lov vovv pov x* vm > 
 
 Kal 
 "A? ytvy o T* 
 
 dsv pe 
 
 fiia o ovqavos, 
 /ua? a? 
 
 Kl o r t )iiog as 
 Kl ag pelvy 
 3 y<*> ^JTW TO 
 Kal TOVTT] ^uo'v' TIJV w^a, 20 
 
 'Onoao 
 Tov "EQW 
 Kal 
 
 va 
 
 III. 
 
 Mia /ic'' an 
 
FROM CHRISTOPOULOS. 159 
 
 To dcihvo yvQVovaa, 
 .Kl uQya ctQya narovaa. 
 Ettel TiQog sva 
 Ms omavTaei o 
 
 Ms Uysi ' " Tl anovddeig ; 
 t 
 
 Tt " 
 
 10 
 
 Ms xonovg xa/ pe novovs, 
 Kctl [Ao 
 OVT' ?v 
 
 15 Akv J-fvga) V 
 
 K' tyw vet 
 ""A! cptis pov," fis 
 " O ddaxodoc aov cpTctlyei, 
 Onov dsv e%ei rgonov 
 
 20 Kai %uvtig roaov xonov. 
 
 av rov 
 
 3 y(o as ra 
 
 Elg pia anyinr] ancxvta. 
 25 ZIJT' ofjuag, nglv a 
 
 Mia&ov, va as 
 
 jTAvxa 7/Avxa 'g roe 
 
 Ha va ysvovfis cplkoi." 
 
 " "Av" liyw, " agxETog aov 
 30 *Hv rovTog o fiio&og aov, 
 
 JVa, ddaxcde, 
 
 Kctl oao &stetg 
 
 Aomov 
 
 Ms nitxvfi, 
 35 KgaTtl TTJV TrA^ QWfirjv TOV, 
 
 Ms ttd(j.vsi noirjTrjV TOV. 
 
160 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 IV. 
 
 av, 
 <&covaxld 
 
 .ZVf^o nivoviag, ykvxd 
 Kt\a'iotig TO unaxaxd ' 
 K } tyw nivovrag xgaal 
 Ms ii]v xovna TTJ zgvaq 
 V TCC dsvdga -i a 
 
 w TO TdQUQU ' 
 
 "Ek' a$ nlvovpe ftal 
 
 C O xa&tras oao g, 10 
 
 K(tl tov xoofto rov xcdo 
 "A? ydovpB aav T^fAo. 
 Tvylaig vd *%ovv T TroAAw 
 Ka\ pfyd).a tov xcdd 
 
 Kal T nUov ^avfiocard 15 
 
 2, TO nioio fitxs 
 
 V. 
 
 IV 
 
 K' iyu vu /5>lf TTCO ndvra 
 To xd'M.og aov x' iaivct. 
 "As yevovpovv xrivdxt 
 Siya oiyu v' ao^w 
 JVa oxl(o T paMid aov 
 JVa a' ra 
 
 Kal oXog va xivr t aw 10 
 
 J -2* T (rcij&r) oov vd neaw 
 
 rlvxd vd T (fvorjaot. 
 
 "A? rjftovv, relog, vnvog 
 
 JVa iQxta^ai TO figddv 
 
 IVa 3cVw Ta ylvxd aov 15 
 
 Mardxia '$ TO 
 
FROM CHRISTOPOULOS. 161 
 
 VI. 
 
 C O 
 
 *2 roc nd&i] fj,ov dsv 
 
 Kal dffyvsi, xotl 
 
 JImg TtnoTS dev a<pdMisi ' 
 
 Talg (ployaig tov dpovsi, 
 
 ffiaxu 
 
 3 Allov 
 
 tovg T 
 10 Xwglg txviog va ^s'A?/, 
 
 Art TOV axonov xovg fiyaivovv, 
 K* ffieva fie ha%alvovv. 
 
 nwg T 
 K J elg aMovg TU iaux 
 
 15 Kal notte x d 
 
 'Ogpovv ev&vg 'g 
 K' ty<a TOV 
 Kai teyw nwg 
 lllrjv oaa xi av /ue Jl 
 
 20 Exfirog nuvxa 
 
 VII. 
 
 Elg [MX ' 
 
 Elg ddai) dyoatgd, 
 
 Tov t^e TOV xavptvov 
 Ms uldega ax^QU. 
 
 nofiTtgoard TOV, 
 TCI pdaavd TOV, 
 Kal TQSXW piaaTtxog, 
 1 To xfyi fiov TOV divca, 
 
 Kl ctgxlto xal TOV kv 
 
 14 
 
162 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 'noil TOV 
 
 Kal TOV xaTa(pi).ovaa 
 
 Ms novov xttt xavpoy, 15 
 
 Avslniara 
 
 A 1 tv&vg ixti 
 
 *H Xdgri pe 
 An xa /ita).).ia p aQnd&t, 
 "Av&ddrj," fis cpwvd&i, 20 
 
 " /Zeof rax 
 Kl aviov TOV 
 Kal nuyxaxov xal 
 
 Na At'd?;? jUfAfzot? " ; 
 
 Xai TOT' ev&vg dqxl& l > 25 
 
 Ta xegia pov yvgl&i, 
 
 2 TO dfvdgo us xovvTa ' 
 Kal Tf'Ao? ^vf^wfisvij 
 Tov a&hov /us dsvsi 
 
 *2 Tor ^owTa xovra. 30 
 
 Kal TO*O ol xui'ut'rot 
 2<piXia x' 01 dvo 
 
 Ms tikvoov 
 
 fidaava 
 iov 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Elg fiowo tyw xt o 
 
 Kl o -&(6g KaiQog o yt 
 
 *H Ayani] p dnoaiovas 
 
 l$ TOV dgopov jov 
 Kal o "Eqwiag nfgvovat 
 
 Biaaitxd ^ie TOV Kaigov. 
 " 2idaov" lty<a, "'^Eowra pov, 
 
 Kal pyv TO#eT 5 OjUTi^oaTa, 10 
 
 'H xalrj avvi6(piaad (jtov 
 
FROM ALEXANDER SOUTSOS. 163 
 
 dsv 
 TOTS fiUnu xat xavv&vv 
 
 Kal ol dvo Tovg Ta 
 15 Kal T' anlovovv, xat d(>xlovv 
 
 Kal nnovv TIGTOVV yegd. 
 " cP/Aot," Mya, " nov 
 
 Toai] fila diarl ; 
 H Ayanri pag, XVTT 
 20 "Jlgav wp' advvaiel. 
 
 TOT* o "Egomag yvgi&t 
 
 Kal /us \iyti 10 nagov ' 
 " cZ>/X', o "Egrng avvT)&l&i> 
 Kal nna pe TOV Kaigov." 
 
 " 
 
 FROM ALEXANDER SOUTSOS. 
 
 C 'ladwys Kanodlajgtag anoJioyov^svog In' 
 
 1. 
 
 vaiot tov \&vovg, osfiaaTov xgnyQiov juov 
 Not aag dtoata ^X^oe loyov ruv vo^l^v nqu^wv J 
 C H 'EM.ag, xaQUi deia, fiUntre, dev tdovJL(a&r). 
 "Av v\ 2df*og, ar y Kgrjir) } g Tovg fy&QOvg pag 
 *Av T (pQovgta dsv nfjga iijg Evginov, rrjg 'A&y 
 Kal av snaia TO ngaypa dexanwTf ouaTovg [iyvag, 
 
 Eixa koyovg avwTtgovg ' 
 
 At avlal ey w TO E&vog - | evbg, Uov pegovg 
 OfwgovrTsg Ei%a xl Ha va aag 
 3 [inodiovv va JiaXrjarjg al 
 
 2. 
 
 'Av xaTW>$wa va xavata TOV nolvTifiov aag OToJiov, 
 Jkfe TTV filav, us TOV dokov, 
 
 f ^ 9 f* w ^ 
 
 Kal av txvatt TO alpa Ttav'EMyvwv tig TOV Jlogov 
 
164 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 MS TO jUta#ft)TO ( UO70l rtOV nujTfOV jUOV 
 
 *Av jue ffxTjTiToov &Vov xgdrovg dilyaa va oag natdtvaw, 
 xrL 
 
 3. 
 
 arvig * ^t TO ^vrtayfia nt&alvu ' 
 Av jU tflcTS ToeTc /oovov? T* uo^oce TOU * TT 
 Kl CTT' TOV? opxov? juov y Af/ 
 
 vet xfjvqxxvolyw xai >' xvvrjyw tov tvj 
 VOL na-tw ryv rvxra, xa* nolliaq, nglv tovg xo/> w, 
 a 'foo/^w, ya vA/ xa TO yi^ta TOW? ya^ww, 
 
 TO yivog' naQivqtg ol adslcpol 
 Xat ToT? TBaafgfg moral fiov, 
 'Onov iQf'zovv novgvo pqadv pi T ra'Aofoa V 
 tovg TTOWTOV? T^? c /Ul3o? o xa&eva$ 
 
 Jl/7roTaO7j Ta<; x6gai$, T naidia rov 
 va ovv p tltr), (jte ^ua^cJ ( uT TOV dlaxov 
 
 5. 
 
 va dtfj o nluaryg tig i&v onJidyxvtov ftov TO fid&og 
 H aydnij ryg TtargLoog, va TO /iovo^o' pov nd&og. 
 
 ,7jV XaiSTQ^n TO OpCUTff, 7lA>jV 8ie'(p&ftQU TO 
 
 fig nti)&og xaraaxonwv xQVoog acp&ovog 
 7j^>.7j j vu. ofivow xal (juydkovg xal t uix(jovc, 
 Ei%a koyovg xri. 
 
 6. 
 
 dntdsi^a TTWC f juat WU^UTTTOC, <5fy a 
 
 d aag iy<a ti^ai, fjtrjv ijT7)Tt 2vnay^L oc'AAo. 
 s /ue, aov '? TO "Agyog, agpoa/wo-tv Teif/ay, 
 
 fit, 'odv 'g TO ^/oj, eVw 
 Kal Oftvvo) 'g rov Btdoov TTJV O)TJV nug, av 
 
 x 
 
FROM MICHAEL PERDICARES. 165 
 
 FROM MICHAEL PERDICARES. 
 
 Tyv 8s avyyv exetVijv ^ 
 Kal /*' yl&av oV o* qo/Aot cxstv* ol dya&ol. 
 
 'O Ttefjuov (JL ijJi&e JiQWTog TioAv nolv Trow/, 
 77oAi^iooqpO, nolvrhag, nokvTQonog act. 
 AvTog fig oka ti^tr ev nvtvpa cpvaix6v t 
 Kal ^av(ia ivykwiTiav xal nagaaTaTixov. 
 Eanovdaa' eniaT^ag, xal y\(aaaag ?| snid, 
 Kal f*s ia gafifiaia TWV a%tdov x' fig ia 
 
 r v. av f^s xoayv psyav TT^OXOTITJV, 
 
 10 *Acpov dsv tlxev ^o?, dsv sl%ev Ivrgon^v ; 
 
 Hv xt ci&Qiiajtog TfAe/w?, 8et> do$as ^eoV, 
 e O xoapog wg do!-dei, Ai 5 OI/T xV sv ov * 
 4io xt cog f]}inogovoK dsv aq>ivs xaxov * 
 Tov aAAov v anaiyay TO 
 
 15 'fida x' fxel 3 nov ard&i] 11%' scpsaiv 
 
 Kara xaigovg v y aA/la^jy TO ytvog, ir\v 
 
 IIov enayytthT* "Ayykog, nov Uytt* ' 
 
 Hov rdMiog psyag /w>', xal nov aotpog rgslo 
 
 c Jlg xexgvfifievog nglyxiy xal 
 
 20 3 7ti]ys x' elg Blaxluv x J 
 
 Kal roaov VTKXQI&I], tfidysvae 
 
 Tov exapav ol ndvisg igavag vnodoxdg. 
 
 ' O nglyxiy ofiwg TOTS div ffys JUCTOIJTM, 
 
 Kl tag ngiyxiifj TTO cpllovg davela&r) aoxT. 
 
 25 Kaigov TOT' vo' o /7jU7ro, o 
 
 va dwaovv ps xsgdog rwv noJiv ' 
 tf>doxeQdflg Big SXQOV, fig SXQOV yet^coAo/. 
 Kl wg nglyxma T dldovv TOV T^i^ova xaJid 
 30 Ms aacpakflg eknldag va Idfiaat no\\n ' 
 
 LiAi' o[i<g alcpvidlag o nglyxiy anna, 
 Kl avtl va TOV? Pga/fevcr] rovg tcpuys xl aura. 
 JElf TOVTO wye, T^e^uwv, Toi>g TO 'nai 
 
166 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 *Ti sig TtTtajovg IVTIOVVTO vd duaovv o/Soio'v ' 
 TotovToq rjv o Tfo'juwv, xal r^v l&aytvrjg 
 Bv^avuoq, fie olxov, xt 7ro xalovg yoveig. 
 
 /Zi^v JUST' avrov dui'awg /TbAvxapTio? fv&vg 
 'O JVcW IlaTo&v p* 7ji#' xt avro? TroUa 
 /* ai/ro? e<noJuaj*ivo<; fis TCQOXOJITJV noHiTjv, 
 dfivog xal ii$ TO yQaytiv, diivbg x* ti^ TO ytaielv. 40 
 
 ^ro xat TW*' JlaTt'ptav dtv &iiei va Idfj 
 2v//^dfifjiaTa t v axovay rov qp 
 K* fva Ttjua, anovdd&i fie OQS$IV noM.r t v, 
 Tov fityav /ZAovra^ov TOf, xat xa^' v 
 K.' el? oia tty' ayxlvov$, u$ oJnx TOV xaid?, 
 Xt a wo TO jus'/a nvfvfta rofii&Tou 
 
 /ue oAov TOUTO 3o|a^ IVa ^ 
 
 aQZyv twv o/lwv, jj q-vaiv % 
 AM. o%i 7i<ag va aTexrj tag itpogog 
 
 Av TQtoyrjc, T] av nlvt^g, % av x-trjvofiaifjg ' 50 
 
 4io xal TTJV oxdv TOV afiavl&i naa' av/r t , 
 Kl av Tv%r) IttTovgyla, x* txelvrjv 
 Kal T' aJJia xara rd$iv xaAcu? ra 
 A'at T/, xat TTOJ^, xat TTOTC, ovds T 
 
 l4JLi s Twj v' daTtaa&wfitv xal va iinjj xa&ti; 55 
 
 " Tl xdnvtig; " Kal " JImg tlaai ; " MaT&atog qp^av' 
 ev&vg ' 
 
 los o Mvgal&v ' rjv ndtfitog xl avTog, 
 nlaTvg fityd).o$ acpgiyuv xal dvvaTog. 
 Ano TO BovxogiaTi ^ TVZIJ TJ xaxi] 
 
 Not ndy* fig Tyv naiQida TOV iyfQfv txu. 60 
 
 Kal ju' rjQxno av^vaxiq did nolnixov 
 *Jlg qr//.oc, ai'fi7ioUir t g xal nalaiov xaxov. 
 Aviog, TTJV ytwrjalv TOV (ag tye woTaTjjjy, 
 Jsv Sla/5e wAa'w? xd^tftlav TIQOXOTUJV ' 
 
 Kal aTOfjia Tro/LvAoyoy, dnvkwTov xaxov. 
 3 Eavv&iTe xal xanug fig wpog TO xoivdv, 
 Kal xur'r* TO daqgovae, TO vou& TQUVOV. 
 
KLEPHTIC AND OTHER SONGS. 167 
 
 av cpdoao<plav, 1} xat 
 
 70 'Eanovda&v o cpikog, r) xaV 
 
 *E<palvft' ovitag if gag, els okovg tgo(jLfgog t 
 Kl o 8id@ol.og va (pQtfy o nhiov (popfyog, 
 Totoviog, xa#tof yxov dno anovdyv ugyog, 
 SvvkyQCtysv aaTelcag x' rjv davfia QTixovqy 
 
 75 Kal dfy&g va favgr) didfoxTOV rivet, 
 
 "H JTaWtx^y % aM.i]V t TO nvtvpa y' axova, 
 An* IVa xat an' a'AAov, w$ (pvasi 
 'O dtdfiolos cpwTia&ri Bv&i>$ e| 
 K J snyQe iwv a&ewv rag do^otg 
 
 80 K 1 ijv Bokvsog, rjv Bofoaig, r\v MiQafiog 
 
 Ki wg xygvypa peyctkov avrog avacpavdov 
 Tag xyQwifv fig oKovg t nott.d*ig xa^' odov, 
 Hug oaa sin* o xoupog xaAa 7/rc xaxa 
 Kaxa, tag niQiaxdofig, elv* oAa (fvaixd. 
 
 85 l&ev&tQog fig o'Aa, (pdoaoyog fict&vg, 
 
 'jSJifieTiog, Bofaalgog, av r^xov x ana&yg. 
 Jh tiv 3 TT' alrj&tlaf xt amo &a/9o/UxoV, 
 Ka&f'vag y' anogyari fig tovio TO 
 Uwj ecp&aafv o xoaftog va rjv 1 
 
 90 Elg rag paTaiag 8oag, avtag 
 
 Kal fiksnEig o%i (JLOVOV aoyovg 
 3 A\ku ttai ayQafi^idfO 
 Na ^t'Awat va dflovv nwg &VQOVV IVce T, 
 Kal id^a /joArai^/^ovy, t-vkoaocpovv xt amol. 
 
 KLEPHTIC AND OTHER SONGS. 
 I. THE LAY OF MILIONES. 
 
 Tgla novldxia xd&owiav 'g T^ gdxr] 'g TO 
 To Va TriQati jov * AQjivgo, T' aAAo XWTW TO Bakio, 
 To iglio TO xaP.//'rfoo [tVQiohoydst xal 
 
168 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 " KvgiB fiov, T'L vd yivijxs o XgrjtfTog o Mihovyg / 
 Ovds 'g *o -BwAzo (jDaVjjxe, ovds *g 1*1*' Kgva Bgvar}." 5 
 
 " Mag flnav, nicju nsgaos x snfjys ngog TIJV "Agra, 
 axldfio ibv XUTTJ paQ ps dvo 'Ayddsg. 
 T* UKOvat, ^UQIOL 1011 xaxoqpuvq * 
 Tov Mavgo^diri Exgal-e xat xor MOV^IUQ KkiiaovQa. 
 
 f Eotlg, av -fre'lnt yxofil, uv #&! ngiaioiTa, 10 
 
 To XQTJOTO va axoicJaere tov xaniiav 
 Tovio nQoaid o fiaaihag xal toitde 
 
 IlaQaoxeVT) $r t utQov, (TIOTS va /z' eye cpt$si /) 
 Ki o 2ov)>tindvrig oTak&yxs va nayy va TOV evQj] ' 
 
 2 TOV AQUVQO TOV i<p&ao~ t xt (ag (pilot, qptJlj^jjxay, 15 
 
 c Okovvxilg fTiivavs oao va lij/upwai? ' 
 Kal otav UqpeJ* 17 <*vy*l> nigaaav 'g xd At^c'^ta, 
 K* 6 2bvlfifi<rn$ q>wva& TOV xajiadv Mthovrj. 
 
 ' XpyoTO, as &&' o fiaaiJitdg, at &&o\)v x' ol dyddeg.' 
 ' Ooo v o Xgrjatog ^wviavec, Tovgxovg div nyoaxvvust ; ' 20 
 3fe T fovcjpBxia tiQt&v o tvag ngog TOV ukkov, 
 U tdwxav *g Trj (ftoTid, xal niaav fig TOV TO'TIO." 
 
 II. THE LAY OF GYPHTAKES. 
 
 ol xdfinoi ytd vtgd t xt T ftovvd ytd %i6via, 
 Kal ra ytgdxia yia novXid, x' ol Tovyxoi yia xi<pdha. 
 
 *Aga TO Tt vd ylvijxt T\ \idvva TOV JV<JDTX^, 
 JIov florae ta dvo Tiatdta, TOV adegcpd Trjg, TQIU / 
 Kal Tiaga 7ria/?co'^^x xt ntgnaTti xal xAate*. 
 
 Afijte 'g Tovg xdpnovg cpalvsTai [tyre 'g za 
 Mag siTtav niga nigaat, niga } g TO. 
 K.' txti Tovcptxta tnxpTav xal dJiifif 
 MVJTE 'g Tovg ydpovg tmopTav fir^TS J g T nuvrjyvgia, 
 Movov TOV rvyTr) Afle/5waav 'g TO yova xal 'g TO %igi ' 10 
 
 ^"o devdgo eggaylvTqxe, adv xvnaglaai 
 V'T]).Tj <p<ovov)ia i^A adv naJU^xagt' onov 
 
 " IIov 'aai, xald fiov adtgys xal noMa 
 rvgiae nlata, nags /i, nags pov TO xtydh, 
 Na /u^v TO ndg' i\ nayavta xal o Piovaovcp Agdnijs, 15 
 
 Kal ftov TO nay V *a Pidwiva T 14>1^ Jlaad TOV axvlov." 
 
KLEPHTIC AND OTHER SONGS. 169 
 
 III. THE LAY OF PLIASKAS. 
 
 1 o nhdaxag, xtlitTai, 'g -irjv tgrj^rj TTJJ 
 Ms Ta noddgia 'g to vtgo nd\B vtgo yvQevei ' 
 Ms TCC novha avvivxatvs xal ps TU %thd6via. 
 
 Tu%(x, Tiovhd, -da yiaiQtv&w ; Taga, novhd, &a ytdvia / 
 Uliaaxa jti', V df-kyg yiotT^ffia va. yiavovv y 
 
 '$ rov "Ehipno, '$ IQV fyogcpov lov 
 
 t 'xti 8sv aQQUiatovv, xi 
 JSxel V ol xkscpiaig ol nolkot, T liaatgu 7iQ(aidia t 
 Exsl fiotQu^ovv TO. cpkovgia xal TCI xaTiiTavuia. 
 
 10 Tov Nlxov necpr' r\ UoTotpiot, rov Xgyai' 17 ! 
 
 *0 Tohog xannavfif'S qpc'ro '$ TT 
 Kai TO jUtx^o ^^o7iovAo nygs ii\v 
 K.I o Jlhtaaxag o xotxopoiyog, o xaxo{ioi(ji(X(j(t8vog t 
 ' 2 iov TovQvafio xuiefiaii'S exu ra asgyiarlay, 
 
 15 Kal ol fy&Qol xaioriL TOV TOV nijgav TO xscpdh. 
 
 IV. DEATH AND SOULS. 
 
 Tl tlvai (javga TO. fiovra xal OTSXOVV 
 
 T 
 
 Kl ovd* avffiog TOL nofoftdsi, xl ovde figoxi] xa Segrsi, 
 Movs <5ttt/StV o XagovTag (AS Tovg an^&a^tvovg ' 
 5 2igvti Tovg viovg ano^niQoaTa, Tovg yegoi'Tug 
 Ta TQVcptga naidonov'ktt 'g Tr\ ott' a 
 Jluyaxodovv ol ysQOVTfg, x' ol vtoi 
 
 XCXQS fjiov, xovftp' tig XMQIO xony' elg xgva 
 Na movv ol ysgovTfg vfQO, x J ot viol va 
 10 Kal Ta fjuxga naidonovka va pdaovv 
 
 Kl ovd' tig %(OQio xovfvo) 'yw, xl ovde fig xgva 
 
 * y fidvraig yia rego, yrcagi^ovv ra naidid Tovg, 
 T' dvdyoyvra xal xwyiapo div fyovv. 
 15 
 
170 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 V. OLYMPUS AND KISABHOS. 
 
 e O "Elvpnog xt o KiaaSog TO, dvo fiovvd 
 To noio rd ffiy rrj /S^o^J?, TO noto va QI'J? 
 'O Kiaafiog w vfl @QXT}> ** "Elv 
 Fugled TOT' o Klaafiog xi At/ft Toi; 'Elv 
 
 Mrj jue pcdovTji;, "Elvftns, figs xfa(pT07iaTr)[Avs, 
 3 Eyw '/ui wag Kiaa^og 5 T^ ^idgaaa |xova/ueVo 
 Me %algnai 17 Xovtaot, x' ot ^dctQaarjvol ayddtg. 
 TOT' o ^E^v^noq xal liyti TOV Kiadfiov, 
 
 Uov os naTU rj Koviaoia x' ol siuQaayvol ayddfs^ 10 
 
 K* eyu '/it o FtgolvfiTios 'g TOV xoa^uo Zaxovapsvog. 
 > < ^w aaoavTa dvo xogyalg, el^FTa 5u6 figvaovkouc, 
 IJaaa ftgvarj xal cpldfiTiovgo, TKXVTOV xAadt xat 
 Xat '? T^V J^'J/ITJ |uoy T^V xogcpr) dsTog ty' 
 Kal fig T yr^fia TOU xoaifl xfcpdli ardgto/nsvov. 15 
 
 Kecpdh fiov, TV exapeg x' fiaat y.oiuitTioptt'O ; 
 &ayt, irovU, TO, VIUTU pov, (pays xal TTJV avdgid ftov, 
 
 Net xdfATjg 71TJZT] TO CpTfQO XCU Ttt^ttfll] TO VV%1. 
 
 ^ 2 TO udoVQO, 'g TO AtQOptOO, ttOflttTwhog ttfTCt^lJV, 
 
 *2, rot Xdata xal } g Tov^EkvpTio dwdfxa XQovovg xAe'qDT^? * 20 
 C |^VT' dyddsg axoTcoaa x' txaya T xwytd Tovg. 
 Ki ooovg 'g TOV TOTTO aqpTjaa xa* Tov^xof^ xt 
 Eivai TroAio?, TTot'^axi pov, xal ^nor t uo dsv 
 n\,r\v TJQ&S x' ^ dyad a ftov 'g TO Tiohffio va ntaio. 
 
 VI. CONSTANTINE AND ARETE. 
 
 Mdwa // TOU? evvid aov yvioi'g xal //f T^ pia aov 
 *2 TO, axoTiitd T^V r t Jiovyfg, 'g TO (fsyyog TTJV snlsxig, 
 TrjV fafpixToxogdtha^fg t$w 'g TO 
 'Onov aov OTS&a Troolo'ta anal TTJ 
 
KLEPHTIC AND OTHER SONGS. 171 
 
 Kfaarot VTyg. 
 
 5 z7w(j' Ti)V, fidvva, dwa' TI^VS TTJV 'AQSTJJ 'g TO, J-svct, 
 IVa '#w x' e/(a nagyyogia 'g ITJ OTgaTU 'nov dia{3aiv(o. 
 
 Maw a. 
 
 float, KwoTavTy, p aoxyp' dntXoyrj&rjg * 
 iQlxa yrj ;>, noios ^ fiov irjv 
 
 To &so rqg fid&L ty/vrri xal rovg uyiovg 
 10 "Av ivxy nglxa yr) xatfja, va net v^g trjv 
 
 K! Q%tT:at XQOVOQ dioecprog xat ol ivvia, ne&ava * 
 '2 TOV KuxjTavTlvov TO dacpTio avtana T {.iu).hu, trig. 
 
 Ma vva. 
 
 2rpov, KaaTavTLvdxiiiiov, xyv 'Ager^ fiov 
 To &eo fiov (Sdteg eyyvirj xal "tovg 
 15 "Av 
 
 JPCat fisaa *g TCI //eaavuxra ndyei va Tr^g TrjV cpe 
 L Ti]V xal XTtvl&vvrav t'|w 'g TO 
 
 Fia I'Aa, AgsTovha fiag, xvydva [tag as 
 
 AgBTr). 
 
 'AMpov', adegcpdxi (JLOV, xal T/ Vat TOVT S r) 
 *Av r]v' gaga y g TO aniTt [tag, va /5'Aw T x 
 Kl av nglxa, ddegydxt, (tov, va eg&' (og xa&wg ei 
 
 KuGTavirig. 
 nglxa fifjds x a Q a > & a ? xa&wg eiaai. 
 
 J 2 Ti) GigaTa OTIOV didfiatvav, V ^n OTgaTa 'nov nyyatvot, 
 Axovv novKia xal xtkadovv, uxovv novha xal Mvs* 
 
 IZovkid. 
 25 Fia 'deg xoTre'Aa opogcpr) va at'gv' 
 
 "Axove, KwaiavTaxr] pov, xal T novha tl Ae 
 
 KwaTavTrjg. 
 vai xl ag xdadovv, novldxia 'vat xl ag AeVs. 
 
 3 AQ*Tr\. 
 a', ddfcpdxi pov, xal hfiavialg 
 
172 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 . 
 
 3 J?X*e Pgadvg snyyafit xarw '$ tov 'Aqyidvvrj, 
 K' t&vpiaai pa$ o nandg pe to nokv Lfidvi. 30 
 
 "Avoids, pdvra /u', avoids, teal vd jyv 3 Agnq aov. 
 
 Avoids, pdvra /u', avoids, teal vd 
 
 Ma vva. 
 
 aigag didfiaive, x< av r t <j' ui 
 Agitovka (JLOV fainti ftaxgia V 
 
 ids, pdvva p, avoids, x' iyta '|U J o KwaTavxys oov ' 
 To &fo aov /?A tyyvTT) xt Toi$ ayioia; IKXQIVQOVS, 35 
 
 Av ivj(ri Trglxa yr) %aQa vd not uov TTJV 
 
 Kt oao v' dvottC ir^v nogxa TIJS, e&fiys r\ 
 
 FROM SALOMOS. 
 TO LIBERTY. 
 
 ano ir\v 
 
 Tov una&ioi' T^V 
 
 2s yvo)()l(o dnb TTJV o 
 
 Jlov pe @ia /usrot 
 
 2. ^471' xa xoxaAa ^yaJi^sy 
 
 Ttav c EM.i,vtov T if yd 
 Kal aav TTQUTU d 
 Xatgs, M 
 
 3. x7 juc'aa 
 
 X' fro aro'/xa d 
 
 " >r A ndh," vd aov 
 4. * Agyi vd 'k 
 
 Xi ^zay o'Aa 
 
 id '<ma 7] 
 Kul jd n/.dxui'i r t uxhafiid. 
 
FROM SALOMOS. 173 
 
 5. dvaTVrg ! naQfiyoQict 
 aov fytrt va, Atj 
 
 Kcu diyycovTcig toe ret xkctig. 
 6. Kail xoT)t, KCU uy.uoitoti 
 
 Eva. txivnas T' AAo S 
 Ano T)}V un 
 
 7. K' A?, "^ / Tio're jS/dvca 
 
 To xttpdh cino rg eQfual? ; " 
 Kcu aTioxylvovTo anonvivw 
 Kkcufjuig, ahvactts, cptavalq. 
 
 8. TOTS earjxovtg TO ^e 
 
 /Cat fig TO ^oi^o' aou taT^' odfia, 
 
 llkijdog ai^ta 
 9. Ms T 
 
 on yixivfg tcgvcpc 
 vyq elg rot, &vu 
 
 10. Mov&xn iov d(}6fj.o enrjysg, 
 
 Jtv tlr' ivxokuig i] &voctig, 
 
 3 av y XQtict ralg 
 11. * AM.og aov t'xA</ ti ra 
 
 oov 
 
 Kal at yikaat 
 12. AM.oi, o'ifis 'g ir\v ovfiupoQci aov I 
 Onov fyixlyovTo nohv, 
 v()S ret fiyttS ia naidici aov, 
 
 13. <Pevyti onion TO nodu^i, 
 
 Kal oAo/A>j/ooo naxtl 
 
 H rr}v Tizryix, r t TO ^oora 
 
 JIov rfjv do^a aov 
 
 15* 
 
174 CHRESTOMATHY. 
 
 14. TaTtfiroTotit] aov ytQ 
 
 II Tota#Ai 
 2av m(0%ov 'nov 
 
 K* tit'tti /?f*oo TOV 17 0)17. 
 
 15. I\W * K/U iw' 
 
 aov 
 
 // TT)V Vixr/ T t TtjV 
 
 16. * An T xoxX 
 
 Twv ' Ei.lrivhiv T 
 Kal oav TIQWTOI a 
 
 
 17. Moliq Ids ii]v OQ^ aov 
 
 ' ovguroc, 'nov yiit T? 
 
 EiS TTJV yr t ir t v prjTQixrjV aov, 
 
 ^jErpfqp* uvdia xai XKQTIOV 
 
 18. 3 EyutlrjTfva ' tcotl f%> ' Or\ 
 
 Kainx&ovia fjila /?OTJ, 
 Kal rov f Pr,ya aov anoy.Qi&v] 
 
 19. " Oloi 01 Toiiot aov a' fXQU^ocv, 
 
 XaiQ(Tan'T(i<; ac 
 Xt T aTOjUKt 
 
 c '0aa aia&dvfini rj 
 
 20. *jE(f>tarn$ar wg '5 T' aurt 
 
 Tov 3 forlov x< T vyaia, 
 Kal eatjxwrravs rot 
 
 21. 
 
 To y.a&iru 
 K.' fig TO fiBTtano 
 
 "i^ft IfJtVTQCt 
 

 NOTES. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS. 
 
 139 If 2. 9-ily va ^.iyri, wishes to say. vojuros, first, as an adverb. 
 
 146. fi ffeQta,, wisdom, not the wisdom. 152. 2. a $/>e/u.os 
 
 rt)f, the way to her, not her way. r'offov $v<rx4\os offov, so difficult as. 
 
 rev refers to "bgofti);. ^avra^avra/, supply they or peojde. 
 
 etrav x-t>e%cogt7t rto-ev ilxoXun^ov, the farther you advance, the easier. 
 
 3. <rav itnvro'v rev, himself. $lv Sa rov vriffrtuffovv, they will not be- 
 lieve him. 165. 4. xet<rnyo(>nrui ptovat rov, equivalent to xxrwyogy 
 
 rov IO.UTOV rev, censures himself. 205. 2. vri^ifo-oTt^et, more than 
 
 he says. 
 
 4, 5. $< vet xg'vy ns aXXv, in order that one may ascertain whether a 
 
 person. 134 : 226. et.va.yxn . . . . va vv*i, it is necessary that he 
 
 himself should be. 133 : 225. 1. el iF\uo>rioi a.^^u-rei, the 
 
 greater part of mankind. va a-raTvwvra/, depends on vrgoxgivouy. 
 
 225. 2. S/a fticiv .... fiiav TM, for some favorite notion of theirs. 
 
 lettpja. vet, %yruffi, than to seek. 225. 1. 
 
 6, 7. otrov Tit itva.1, the more one is. rofev, the more. rttif 
 
 aXXawj KTifttut, others of dishonesty, or that others are dishonest. 197. 
 
 ^la^io-fAtvoi, from 2<0g/. av at vo\7<ra.t Ifyoi^uvreu, whether the 
 
 citizens worked. ivgia-xetv, imperf. from tv^'urnu. 232. 2. 
 
 oxvr^ov, being idle. eiv&otvvav, in apposition with rov. orris t%ti 
 
 ffxovov vat, @\K\l>y, who intended to injure. 225. 1. 
 
 8, 9. xetrot >r(>euTnv Qo^ctv, for the first time. 7s, saw, from /3A?r<w. 
 
 oXiyov 'i^ti^t >' a?roSav>j, she came near dying. 132. 2. 
 
 u-TfO rev $fiov <rr>s, of fear. liptfiqSv, from ^o/Saw^a/. i<rr t yt, from 
 
 #nyu,ivta. va ffwofAi* fay, to talk. 226. ft etvrev, with him ; 
 
 ft,* for pi. t%a,ffi, lost, from x&vu. IffVftfiouXtvt, repeatedly ad- 
 vised. va, xo-^ouv .... vet'.s tiixetis ruv, that they too should cut off 
 
 theirs; ibixetig refers to ai^a/j, and <ruv to aA^rt/3j. 
 
 10, 11. \Qi\ov<ixovffuv, were disputing, not simply disputed; from ifuXo- 
 
 nixv. i<TTa.n<rKv, had been, from tJ^ui. ^ 219. 1. yv^vot,^iffen 
 
 .... x.iov, you began to exercise in the ancient times, or you have been 
 
 [ 40 exercising this long time. irgoirSifi, from r^as-S^Ta/. txi7va/, that 
 
 is, 01 <riTt/vw. IrfiftvovffKv, imperf. from TO-I/U.VTU, to peck. on rtv 
 
176 NOTES. 
 
 xarecri%ouv, that they persecuted him. 219. 1. revs 7$s / w- 140 
 
 revs vet rffifvrovv, equivalent to Tbiv on xa.} etvrol irffip-rovo-etv. 163 t 
 
 134 : 227. tvj rev ot\Xov, equivalent to the Greek iMfaovs, one 
 
 anotlicr, irot(>nyoriti, from vra^nyo^o v/ut,en. 
 
 12, 13. tvas tetroes, a physician. letr^tvi, was attending in his 
 
 medical' capacity. 2f ao-i&am, would not have died. 235. 2. 
 
 tat* et*-i~%i, if he had abstained ; from i-r't^u. e \vxes, a wolf. 
 
 trotyl, from r^i^a. va rev Qoiyr), to eat him. 226. 
 
 IfaaxtaXiffi, from >ra.^a.xa.\S>. <*, from oiQivv. yra%vvy t aor. 
 
 subj. from iret%vvu. xoftftoiri, a little. irtie-S-n, from -rtiB-u. 
 
 ptrct xcti^sv, some time after. IgamJjASi, from ^etvetf^ef^cci. ivojt- 
 
 xi, aor. from iv^ie-xu. IvSvpirt, aor. from i*9-vp.i%a. va. pnv rt 
 
 rgiffft.it*ri . . . . a trec^vvri not to wait till he became fat. 
 
 aor. subj. from /uirctfixiw. 
 
 14, 15. o ^ivri^es aitSivrvs rov, his second master. rev 
 
 than the Jirst. vet, rov ivtf, to find for him. 190. xXX/a 
 
 iiftatn .... avSirretf , it were better for me to be with my former masters. 
 
 223. 1 : 180. N. 2. S' fyyiv^ will tan; &' for So. x), 
 
 even. ftiect vuioctv, one day ; accusative of time. >.ifteivi /u.ov 
 
 iftvgirt, I have perceived the smell of frankincense. 1 90 : 1 94. 1 . 
 
 16, 17. ft'iav tpogav, once upon a time. ire, than. xui xioaret, 
 
 also horns. *{ at , for. x*>s va. ro nl^et, without knowing it. 
 
 vet Ty fttiSri vet, firei, to teach her to fly. ^rt 2iv tivttt TJJ; ^w- 
 
 rt*f rns, that it was not natural for her to fly. /3gf&(/$, being tired 
 
 o^her; from ftet^iovftai or fietgvvaft.oii . itr^i, from vetiove*. rnt 141 
 
 <pnft xefii-ritri, he let her fall, literally, he let her, and she fell : a<p 
 from a.<f>'t\u, t<rtrt from <r/rr*. tyivi xtftptana, was broken to pieces. 
 
 18, 19- itrvr^HrSr), whitened himself i from afv^u. uvctxotruS-rixt 
 
 fjt etvrcist mingled with them. t<rtfrgi<pti t for f<nV<rc^i, he returned. 
 
 va, yivovv, to become, from yivtftou. oeis ffionB-avffet/Aiv, we would 
 
 help you. 
 
 20 - 23. l Hypoi rns 'A/u.tixr,s, the American Indians. %*>ri7rett 
 
 agrees with <$!/, and is understood after the other nominatives. 127. 
 
 2. ifro&ii xetifot, there was a time, or the time was. r/ iTww, 
 
 that he was, not that he is. avrt^ovre, opjtosed each other ; from 
 
 urriQiifoftoii, with the Greek augment. as atpjfvfttv, let us leave. 
 
 228. 1. eivx^etfiftcivefttv has the force of the future. 209. 2. 
 
 <r).iv adds nothing to the sense. vet re i v^ ?, to find it. $}> 
 
 r tSftffxt, he could not Jind it. t^a^t, from rei^v. a TOV Ji/|ji, 
 
 if he would show him- nv^t, aor. from IVOHTXU. oirov, which. 
 
 24 26. rev, for him. 1 9O. i-ystvovo-t, from yivva, to lay. 
 
 211. ivfixtv, from tv^ifxu. irrdSn, was stuck. t/3yA, 
 
 that is, yi^avog. rt <$<ivii, it is enough for you. y* revs Mr? 142 
 
MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS. 177 
 
 142 *"*> i give them a king ; Jury, from tfiu. tj>p*>%t, aor. from pv%vv. 
 
 <pw)/av, from Qsvya. xxvivx eix>.ov xxXjngov, some better one. 
 
 xxr 1 xvruv, at them. 
 
 27. \fiynxoiv, aor. from ifiyetiw. ipfivxi, from ipfrxuu. 
 
 tnxo-xv, divided 'i-ftx-trxv, eh-p-heah-san ; the regular form would be 
 
 i-rixa-xv. 5. N. 1, second paragraph. v rev &gt<rt avS^/a rev, 
 
 whether his (the ass's) valor pleased him (the lion) ; the first rev refers to 
 
 AVT/. x \yu o ftiaf, even I inyself. 66. 2. 3t v ';v 
 
 rx xetrxffri^x pav, should have been frightened to death; 9-t vx '#, 
 imperfect conditional from %xvu. 25. 1 : 235. I. 
 
 28. 01 vturt(>oi"}Lx\wis, the modern Greeks. vvvxex rut Tovgxav, 
 
 subject to the Turks; that is, Wallachians, Armenians, and Jews. 
 
 etreu refers to t^ttj. ixirviotix ... . TJV ^xyftdrsiei, skilled in trading, 
 
 which cannot be said of the Turks in general. a xeue,efti%ii/>i%ireii t 
 
 abuse. This is nothing uncommon. When this extract was written (say 
 40 years ago), a Turk had a right to abuse any Greek whatever in Turkey. 
 
 29. t'va x.ofx.f&tt.'ri xgietf, a piece of meat. 143. tfiru^tv, from 
 
 yftru. fi xv^a, Mdgv, Master Renard. ?rXv x^lfta, .... ei<fu- 
 
 >v, but what a pity that such a bird should be dumb. elpa cixautrt, no 
 
 sooner had he heard. x<ti tlS-i/s, than. (ii oXet rou ret 'Suvara, 
 
 with all his might. oA.a ret. t%ns, XO^KXO. pav, you have every thing, my 
 
 dear Master Crow. 
 
 30. 31. ffurvfft #offav .... Aiaj , he asked for how much Jupiter's statue 
 
 1 43 could be sold. 1 99. xapfpa, as a present. tit TV orris, to 
 
 him who should. 158. raits ciXXaus $>> that is, Jupiter and Juno. 
 
 itpttyuSn, from r^uyu. xet.} ro- ei\\o, moreover, further, in Greek 
 
 ceAXoi; re. l^/vat in apposition with ftt. 162. ra yivts, by 
 
 birth. ro t%tiv rev, his property. 76. N. rav xxxaftaigav rev 
 
 'Axrxiuvet, unhappy Actceon. 154. 1. rev iQayxv, devoured him. 
 
 164. 2. \ff*.xff*i, from a-Xdrra. 
 
 32-35. Qgaxos, Thracian, adjectively. tr^uyxv, usually ate, 
 
 211. vrfiyiAx, refers to the preceding sentence. S-sXewv, say, 
 
 assert. 'iarwi, from ervva. ITX.VU tif, upon. off rig, who- 
 ever. tTva/, supply he. rev veXiftov tfAfiigos, skilled in war. 
 
 185. vrorl rev, never in his life. $<, in behalf of. 
 
 Xtytrxi, it is said. 132.3. virvfet, existed, aor. from vvx^u, 
 
 which always takes the Greek augment. S$y iJvxi ft xvrti, is not the same* 
 
 iriguo-y, aor. sub. from T^VA*. r^oQii 'i-r'rov, food for a horse. 
 
 144 36, 37. Sty Tg'fru vx yrifrtveavrxi, must not be believed. /**/ rev, 
 
 with him. 189. tXiyxi, would say. otroi rev tifyvgetv, as many 
 
 as knew him. xxrurxrx, sc. pi. p\ ix Qomxixo* irXouv, in 
 
 a Phoenician vessel. ixiv^vvtvt vx -rviyy, was in danger of foundering. 
 
 v, for the more regular piifS-uffi, from fivrru. tx\iyxv, aor. 
 
J78 NOTES. 
 
 from xX/y. - tymv *t*rtos .... Higtriti, lie was the cause of the lost of 144 
 so many Persians. 180 : 225. 
 
 CORAY. 
 
 1-6. fiaXueiv K%W, the same as i^itruft, begin. - $/' O.VTK, for 
 them, that is, tSvn. - trctgu, than. - xeti rX/v, again. - fofiiireu 
 ri-fj, for ^/5i?T/ fjL^Tiu; ri<rj, fears lest he fall. - $tv ?/*$, ACTS nof 
 learned. - ixlvvtreu, puts off, followed by c-rXsv. - SiXt< fcgabvvii, 145 
 fut. act. from fyulvvu. It may be observed here that Coray began to use 
 publicly the barbarous infinitives in m and ?, in the year 1810. - tt%ii 
 i$i7, pluperf. from >).'tTu. - ail <re .... yyup.m. Here we have a 
 specimen of pedantic twisting; the article is separated from its substantive 
 by ten intervening words. Pretended Coraists are particularly fond of the 
 figure of ginglymus. - *-iv<tibiu(*iv*iv, for xatiivftiiuv, from *a.i$ivu. 81. 
 N. 3. - era* xoti civ QuTiffS-ii TO Sf, how much soever a nation may 
 be enlightened. - ruv S/a raw? ttrotovs, a Coraistic arrangement for 
 Ixf/vwy Oia, TOVS oiroiovg. 
 
 7, 8. TO ttvTo, the same, from I O.UTOS. - vSiketv XK/UH, aor. con- 
 ditional from x/*v. 236. - V OLVTO TOVTO, for this very reason. 
 - a$i*ouvrai, sc. avroi, referring to /u.ioo;. - tit oftt, for tig Ixi7t 
 r*. - liv iT< X.O.T ? rXri, at Jirst are nothing but. 
 
 KOUMAS. 
 
 1-4. ot KXecrra/ .... yivous, there were two kinds of JZTephts. 183. 146 
 
 - 'Aa./3ava) Mwa^ciS-antf), xeti X^<rr/a5/, Mohammedan Albanians, and 
 Christian Albanians. The Christian Albanians often pass for Greeks ; but 
 they are no more Greeks than the Hindoos are. - firms, that is, ot 
 Xf/<rrav< 'Ax/Savs/. - Ifttfyavra, a villanous word for iffft-'iyivro or \fti- 
 yvvoiTt. This author writes the Romaic tongue like a foreigner who is not 
 well acquainted with it. - Ixtivevs, that is, TOVS MvaptSitvov; 'Alfiavovs. - 
 
 - i<puftuv t imperf. from \<^o^u. Koumas, in compound words, gene- 
 rally uses the Greek augment. -- wa<r<rX. In Turkey, especially in 
 some parts of European Turkey, impalement was a favorite mode of punish- 
 ing Greek robbers. 
 
 5 9. rets vetrgtiets T*>, their respective native places; vecrfoet, in 
 Romaic, most commonly means one's native place. - <r^o weXAst/, early. 
 
 - turoi iTv*/ .... T?J 'ExXaSa?, these are the celebrated Klephts of 
 Greece. - */>, supply 2/$i; ,?. - lutlt^'oftivoi, supply el KXt- 
 rra/. - ol xgetTevvns, the government, that is, the Turks. - T> 147 
 i3ixr,v rtv ftiofia, his district ; governed by 
 
KOKKI1NAKES. 179 
 
 147 from uvriffrttiva. a,vi,a*ffi, aor. subj. from uvri^a. ro reu 
 
 Mrwxa/3Xa, the vrgtuTunv of JSoukobhalas . TLu-ra T&v&v/uies, com- 
 monly called HitretSufAios (pronounced HavraSvfAvioi). 'Axjj yar, 
 
 All pasha. The Turks put the noun denoting an office after the proper 
 name ; except trouXrav when prefixed to a man's name, as trouXroiv SE*/^. 
 
 148 10, 11. revs 10/Aowv rjy ^r^6, kissed their hand. Respect is shown to 
 a clergyman, or to any person, by kissing his (or her) hand, and then touch. 
 
 ing it with the forehead. TV iv%w ruv, their blessing ; which consists 
 
 most commonly in the expression i%t rtjv tu%v followed by tev Qtav, 
 
 reu XgrTau, or rJJf IIavay/f . o Kovpits, undoubtedly the author of this 
 
 piece. ri 'A%i**.ia, &c. Tsaras, not being deeply versed in Homer, 
 
 no doubt thought that Koumas meant to insult him. 
 
 KOKKINAKES. 
 
 (Translated from the German.) 
 
 1-13. fl.3-a y . . . . *o$\nfi,K, I have come to make a proposal to 
 
 you. titrS* takes the number of ;. 125. N. 1. TOU *jy, of 
 
 life ; the infinitive *ifv, from <w, has the force of a substantive and depends 
 
 on rgoro;. tg%ifS-t has the force of the future. Ifi^n^ierB-ovfAiVf 
 
 for the more regular foj^ug/fdwgM)', from ivn%ugiofKi. &v *%*> 
 
 .... f^axivlvviiuru, I have nothing to risk. Sa, but pray. 
 
 fi^,o>civ^vvivtTt t will you not risk. 
 
 149 1-13. 7y/, there is. {rgay^ari/a ruv fxXafiuv, the slave-trade; 
 
 in apposition with xifiofKowia. ft\ ra ffuff-ra. ffus TO Xiytri ; do yow 
 
 say it in earnest! The plural here is used for the singular. 125. N. 2. 
 
 \1u Tija, here ; is not necessary to the sense. *' &, 
 
 here, literally from here; K-TO is used, because the departure of the vessel 
 
 is a prominent idea in the mind of the speaker. vyi ysgov, healthy., 
 
 sound. TO xoffros, in apposition with y^offiu. iwn&j, since, be- 
 cause, has reference to o%i vrt^trirort^ov .... oxru. 2i*a ^<r/, 
 
 supply a-Xjjjavi or Stit, 
 
 CHOURMOUZES. 
 
 23 28. tl-rl va, pi Iroiftxirovv, tell them to prepare for me. *" 
 
 txtTvo .... fd^rt rou, but its back aches. 162. N. Vy yot'i^ovot 
 
 oLQtvnxa, a JLrst-rate jacknss. evrou ctyofHttu. %uXa, belonging to the 
 
 man of whom I have bought a load of wood. 
 
 150 1 - 10 - .... Tifers, it wants nothing, literally, nothing is wanting 
 to it. 162. N. vraiytt xatvtis .... aJ&ay<r, one might make a 
 
180 NOTES. 
 
 superb appearance on Us back, literally, one goes riding on it immortally. 150 
 fit *** rev .... yeiiloui t you will go to thunder before I ride on a 
 
 jackass. cj^j trets, a* you please. trot/tun m IOVPI^U, prepare 
 
 the shaving apj>aratus. 
 
 15 26. #' txiivot t%ouv a*//S, but they are dear. rpug ^fat^uetg 
 
 r tv, three drachmas a-piece. 199. fi^t p.t . . . . xeXTn'<r<w, 
 
 fcring we Me breakfast also. a* faiyw inu.vm.un*> for oXtyti; a*ur&v- 
 
 rtttf, of a little rest. tig rtvs rfx/vj, in the hot sun. va xipu ret 
 
 ttettQt, to play the deaf, that is, to pay no attention to what they say. 
 
 27 36. igiffTt, please, sir, here is the breakfast. tvet /u.roxei^.t 
 
 rttftreiytet, a bottle of champagne. 143. a.u-6 r t%us fvffrnpa, it u 
 
 your system ; KVTC refers to the expression aQov TiKuua-vi . . . . l\v itvau. 
 
 X/j, for ktyrif, from \'iyu. 84. 1. BEV ma/, Mere is no Tnortf 
 
 of it, or it is out or Jinished. T )^/, e///ie srvT/ie quality of cham- 
 pagne. av SiXjTi .... iragu, if you wish me to buy at that store ; 
 
 here is used before Ii7 because -x-a^u denotes bringing from. 
 
 ftet^ifrct, itiro TO Tbtov, ironically. ri atotjrfs orav titrcu, what a fool 
 
 you are. 175. N. T foot . . . . yiitran ; can it be of the 
 
 same kind and cfieaper ? 
 
 2-13. a.96 TO xaXar/, the king's household. a-ra oXawj TOUS ft-ml- 151 
 
 fTfovf, the stewards of all the ambassadors. pS/, a barbarism for 
 
 ^9av&y, are enough. ftigx tv%Ta, day and night. 250. 5. 
 
 pivot Sa rivet, I must needs drink. Af&y, Ai^n, a dog's name. 
 
 >, pyi xa>., take this, eaf //. Bet rapt, from T>/y. 84. 1 . 
 
 ofjffTi, here they are, sir. *$i fillet Sa r* TO. \iytt \ must I tett 
 
 you these things every day 9 o-' for rtv. Tychodioktes is rather angry. 
 
 ilrlsy for tlri, from xiyu. tit T*IV uia, at one o'clock. 1 50. 2. 
 
 14- 33. xeti }>\v iio'iyiTi, why dont you open- eiXnB-net .... rr*- 
 
 %eie-9-ttxet, sure enough ; I did not think of it. fit T Qiyyd^i, by 
 
 moonlight. *VTO xaXa TO Xtj, you are right there. XjS-na, by 
 
 the way. Xi, for Xtyouvt, Xiyeuv, from Xtyu. ^tetTi vet p.i)t 
 
 f%vv .... ofyot -, why do not the other stars aho have tails ? Here, if the 
 indicative (/*< St i%ovv) were used, a definite answer would be expected. 
 245. tioTt iJveti xXa/3, because they are tailless ; a truly philo- 
 sophical answer. ftevav, but. yietri for titrt, because. *i 
 
 ttvroi, he too ; pronounced XIUVTO; by synizesis. 
 
 1 9. r*f TI tfiyyixi, he has Just gone out. 9-' i^-yrio-vt vet irt- 152 
 
 rr^i-v/'jj ; will it be long before he returns ? or will he return soon 9 
 
 > ?xj?, sc. ixtTvas implied in orotos. orattg Sa rev , whoever 
 
 should want to see him. xeti -TftffftiviTi, do wait, or will you please to 
 
 wait. ru(>a. Tugei, very soon. vet T rxu/Ci, liere is his dog. 
 
 x,*} i ftttf, he himself also. 
 
 10-27. xce,}.uf, welcome, I am glad to see you ; supply 
 
QEKONOMOS. 1Q1 
 
 152 or ffiapiv. tifai araXXw .... ibu ; have you been here long? 
 
 A&a, I have just come; compare ru^a. on ifiyvxs, above. 
 
 ... xx-^if, really it is very hot to-day. KVO %3is, since 
 
 yesterday. va fti xupovv, for on &a pi xdpOvv, that they would make 
 
 me. 227. va l/SXt-reTi, for 3a 1/3/uVsri, you would see. 100. 
 
 N. 4. jj'SsAi va xapu, for the more common tjStXt xeifiu. 100. N. 2. 
 
 a/ro T^V rfx/ov, in consequence of the heat of the sun. ogyavtirftot 
 
 TIJ s atrrvvofAiuf, the police-regulations of Bavarian Athens burlesqued. 
 It should be recollected that the play o Tv%edtaxryif, from which this is 
 an extract, appeared in the year 1835. 
 
 29-31. etfAct vvxTUffy, as soon as it is dark. xavf/; . . . . va ejSy??, 
 
 no one shall go out. a^ro v*g/j, early in the evening. 242. 
 
 153 1-31. o%i lot! Oh no. o'ray fiXtx-ovv, that is, el <r*Wa exru 
 
 police men. 3)j rJJf if&apetiof .... xugiaxriv, twice a week, Thursdays 
 
 and Sundays. 
 
 154 8-16. offrif fyv^u xxi avotyivurxtt, whoever is able to read, or knows 
 
 how to read. 221. 3-atJ^a, admirable. */ ay ijirevr .... 
 
 xarffia. ftou, and if you had been in my native country, that is, Bavaria, as 
 Tychodioktes represents the new masters of Greece. ol 
 
 used ironically. 
 
 CEKONOMOS. 
 
 20 - 28. xaXw fift'^et fftt;, &%ovr<e, good morning to you, sir. xaxn 
 
 fas .... "^vxtft go to thunder; other irritable persons use the ex- 
 pression Tjy xotxrt ffttg xett Tjy ^v^^ o-ay. rt i/va< ogicrftos ffuf, what 
 
 is your command, or what do you wish. TO a^txparay, that is, fifttTf ol 
 
 i-rirgovei <rov vaffoxoptteu. pov, untranslatable. 191. its ri- 
 
 TOIOV .... xuigov, in these hard times, as merchants say. 
 155 1-7. va /* ffvp-KKSyxriTi, I beg your pardon, or begging your pardon. 
 
 TO. (jt.lr{>K rtis, its proper limits. o^o^o trgapte, pretty thing this / 
 
 133. IXan ffrgetfioi .... TO /3/ij, a proverbial expression. 
 
 *' uffrt^a, ....'{ IfAivx, and then what do you want of me, or what did 
 
 you come here for. xovreroi ffTgafioi .... 'A^/avT^vj}, the lame and 
 
 the blind go to Saint Anthony's church to be cured, a proverbial expres- 
 sion. Instead of '; TOV 'Ay;avTwv>j, others use f rov ' A*ivccvrtXsyft.ova, 
 
 to Saint Panteleemon's. 'Ivetg ar' etlrous, one of them, that is, rovt 
 
 &t%nrat t the rich. 
 
 8-14. avaSs^a rovg, cursed be they. 200. &tXevvi va <f>dvt, 
 
 for dtXat/y va ^ayat/v. *' vffTi^a, .... -^v^ixo ; and then do you 
 
 suppose that we do not spend something for charitable purposes 9 Charity 
 or alms is called -^v^ixo'v (from -^w^w), because it benefits the soul of the 
 
 16 
 
182 NOTES. 
 
 giver. K?teg i f*.i<r$js ret s , sc. tiveu, you will be rewarded in Para- 155 
 
 dise. 
 
 17-28. a-avi, for a-aya/voi/vi, vayu'uovv. t-rir^ai, for t-rlr^o-rot. 
 
 V tt%et 1nu%u, I had just driven aivay, or no sooner had I driven 
 
 away. a <rov, behold ; rov is untranslatable. xXt in such expres- 
 
 sions loses its primitive signification. /3^, for /2*i, from fotgug. 
 
 $ vat o Stcf, glory be to t/iee, God, an ejaculation of frequent 
 
 occurrence in the service of the Greek church. In the mouths of the 
 
 ignorant it is equivalent to Se|* <ru $tu, thank God. xaXA/a T '3{Aa 
 
 .... yott.fifia.riff /em, I would rather see him blind than learned; ra "9-sXa, 
 
 by crasis, for TO r,3-tXa. TO ft,tya.\riri^a /3//3A./a, the biggest book. The 
 
 Greeks, like all other half-civilized nations, believe that the wisdom con- 
 
 tained in a book is determined by its size. Vow 3 vac, . . . . *av{)$, 
 
 which one ought to read, literally, which one sftall read. ft, for tig, in. 
 
 xxnyavt fnyoi\av, some great man, or grandee. vrivrt sra^aSff, 
 
 t five paras. When this piece was written, five paras were equivalent to 
 
 something less than two cents. 
 
 35, 36. us xxi *y, even as far as. f^yetn, for fVJjyax, from <r- 
 
 ytt't+u. *UTT XVTTX, by paying constant attention to. 240. 
 
 6, 7. o xcf^auJ(.ns 6 rnuftarixos fteu, my good confessor. cttyov [56 
 
 ^avr'xav . . . . o xoffief. Learning was considered a sort of impiety by 
 many good people a few years before the Greek revolution, because the 
 learned, especially the half-learned, were, with very few exceptions, infidels, 
 atheists, libertines, &c. 
 
 PROVERBS. 
 
 2-4. xaXX/av .... ^/Aj, a prudent enemy is better than a foolish 
 
 friend ; supply r^ay^a before the neuter xaXX/y. e i vroX\i .... 
 
 xa'j3<> to many cooks spoil the broth. o $<a/3Af .... \vou\n, the 
 
 devil had no goats, yet he sold cheese. Cheese made of goats'" rnilk is 
 very common in most parts of Greece. 
 
 5- 10. tig xoif4.etfftivov .... uvet<pitfs, speak not of ropes in the house 
 
 of a man who has been hanged. ciXoyav .... /SXiTjjf, you must not 
 
 look a gift-horse in the mouth. xaSt ^ivrtis .... fteigruget rev, the 
 
 witness of a liar is another liar. o'-reio; .... xgvor, a burnt child shuns 
 
 the fire. T/T .... xetitrai, 178. 2. x* ixotrov Qgoviftot 2iv 
 
 T| Iftyu^ovv, but one hundred wise men cannot take it out. 
 
 11-18. cirav axolf .... XK\K$I, when you hear that such a place 
 abounds with cherries, take a small basket with you (for you will not find 
 
 many) ; uxel; for ixovus. p.'iv^ct Bi* .... xoif-n, measure (the 
 
 cloth) ten times before you cut once. eurt . . . . o ^.'oyas -rav, 133, 
 
 last example. oetg .... <r*o:>teiru, appear always what you are, or 
 
 even less than what you are. 
 
CHRISTOPOULOS. 183 
 
 157 21-26. tfAttS-et .... ivtivpivef, I have learned to live naked, and now 
 I am ashamed to appear dressed. -- (w Xvreiffeti .... re5a/ <rov, pity 
 not the rider because his feet are hanging. - ovrov vrtiveia . . . . ovttgtvtreu, 
 177. - <rov <rf . . . . re fviri, whit/ier art thou going, bad Fortune? 
 To the house of the universal genius (to be his companion) ; VKS for W- 
 ys/f, from fa.yu. - Teat <ry .... fAxv^tuv, How are your children* 
 Master Crow? The older they grow the blacker they become ; -rav for 
 flrayai/v, from 
 
 CHRISTOPOULOS. 
 
 I. For the measure of this song, see 266. - xaravrS, */ 
 
 1 Oo inevitably becomes. rat. x,ot.K\n <rov, sc. fla<. - lsyaXj <rov ft 
 
 great is thy glory. 
 
 II. For the measure, see 266 : 265. - re 
 
 what will happen in this life. -- re fvpifK, to-day, used substantively. 
 157. - re T* t/Vri^a S ylj, <Ae question, "what will come to pass?" 
 r\ for ri, drops the / because it is followed by another accented I. 
 
 159 III. For the measure, see 266. - a^ya a^ya, very sloivly. 147. 
 
 - t/j f&ix .... aTav, for KTTXVM iff pux o<riy[jt,ri, in an instant. -^ 
 ^T', for fyru. -- agxtros <rov, satisfactory to you. 
 
 160 IV. For the measure, see 261. -- <rtyX/f w '^t;y .... xaXa, 
 ifs many a?u/ ^reaf coniforts are nothing; literally, may its many and great 
 good things go to ruin. 
 
 V. For the measure, see 266. - j yivevpovv, Oh that I were ! 
 
 - va 9 ra, for vet, trou ra., by a most violent elision. 
 
 161 VI. For the measure, see 266. - fteva^et revs, of llieir own 
 accord. 66. 
 
 162 VIII. For the measure, see 261. -- fi 'Aya-rw ptov, my beloved. 
 
 - ffrtiirov, aor. imperat. pass, from ffrtxopteu. -- y*g in earnest. 
 
 - fvvtid-ifyi x,eu KITS., is accustomed to Jly. 221. 
 
 SOUTSOS. 
 
 163 F or the measure of this extract, see 262: 261. Observe that 
 Soutsos is fond of long verses and short ideas, lor' 19-y/xJJj ffuvtXiv<rtai, 
 before the national assembly. 
 
 1. !rj, for l-rtj^a, from ra.'io^u. - Jfra/! .... fttjvats, I have been 
 negotiating fifteen whole months, like a true diplomatist, without accom- 
 plishing any thing. - ul auXeti, the courts of Europe. -- ri ro X.KU.H; \ 
 what can you do ? that is, you can do nothing. -- at ffvft/jta.^iecl 3wa- 
 piis, the Holy Alliance. 
 
184 NOTES. 
 
 2. rrX. The American reader will be reminded of the blowing up of 163 
 the frigate Hellas. %'wou xgdreus, foreign power ; Russia is meant. 
 
 3. r' rovs tgxovf ftov X(/T, perjuring myself, literally, being want" 164 
 ing to my oaths. xvwyv rtv ruT, to persecute the press. Capo- 
 distrias, like a true Russian nobleman, considered the liberty of the press a 
 
 political nightmare. ra, vu-^tec. reut X,v**t t bastinado them to death 
 
 (almost), to beat after the Turkish fashion. 
 
 4. f*.rvi{, supply iiveit. Tov^o pgotiv, morning and evening. 
 
 250. 5. rouf Tg&rovs, the Jirst men. fjnt^u^ttra. rev ^trxev, 
 
 contributions collected at church. 
 
 5. xarirgt^a ra, (pur*. This implies that Capodistrias was not in favor 
 of enlightening the nation ; no true Russian is. 
 
 6. B<, Bhiaros, one of the brothers of John Capodistrias. 
 
 PERDICARES. 
 
 2-4. For the measure of this extract, see 268. The reader will 165 
 not fail to observe that the measure is not suited to the subject, p* x, 
 
 came to my house, literally, came to me. -ro\.v rXti */, very early 
 
 in the morning. waXwrXas, that has endured much ; a Homeric 
 
 word, suggested by Txtput. a-aXi/T^a-ray, suggested by rXvrX*? : 
 
 here, Txtftwv suggests irtXi/TXa; $7f 'O^ufftvt, which would naturally 
 
 bring along $ <rflX/T<ry, es ^cX ra/.Xa, rX*y^S^j. it/, always. 
 
 It may be observed here, that this author most unnecessarily uses Greek 
 words. His style, however, could not be called strictly macaronic. 
 
 6-9. 3-etvptet tvyXttrTtai, wonderful eloquence. ?| tirra, six or 
 
 seven. 251. 2. /u\ ra ^a^ara rw, with their letters or literature. 
 
 To know a y\u<roa.v fjLi ret yaa.ufjm.Ta. rns, means, not only to be able to 
 
 speak it, but also to read and write it. o-Xfjy T/ *< a, but what iff 
 
 } K* to be pronounced */, can. 
 
 1315. Stv ei$in xnxov, he would leave no evil undone. riv aXX 
 
 .... r.Sixov, to cheat his neighbour he considered meritorious or moral. 
 
 il* *' txit ViJ rra^w, wherever he had been. 
 
 19. xixau 'ftfti* <s rgt'yxnj', a prince in disguise. 
 
 25. TLdju.*t, whose first name was 'Apfyoffiat, was a distinguished 
 maker of ffri%ot xttxi*ixol, crab-verses, that is, verses which read equally 
 
 well (?) both ways, (as fvru^a eL^et {,) and are, of course, 
 
 destitute of sense. 
 
 27. 1*rtn t to lend. 
 
 SO. <roXX, much interest. 
 
 32, 33. rtvf tQayt xi ttlra, he cheated them, even out of the capital. 
 
 revs re 'trou%tf xXey, you served them right. 
 
PERDICARES. 185 
 
 166 37. NV Xlarjwv, the bishop of New Patree. 153. xi etlrcf 
 
 wXXa /3aSvj, he too a very deep philosopher. 
 
 41. $10, therefore, refers to /SaSv?, \ffro\iffpivos, Suva's: that is, he 
 despises the writings of the Fathers because he is too much of a philosopher. 
 
 45, 46. ti; o&ec rev xu^eg, Jtrst-rate in every thing. x} KTO rt 
 
 fjLiya. .... TjXe';, on account of his great genius he is considered crazy. 
 The ignorant of Greece have an impression, that a man of great genius or 
 learning must of necessity be in some degree insane. 
 
 51 - 53. TV oxeiv rov, his oka of wine; say, his pint. KJ v rv%y 
 
 \nrov^yix, and if he is required to read mass. A Greek Bishop, priest, or 
 deacon, is forbidden to taste any kind of food or drink in the morning if he 
 is to read mass. But Polycarpus, being a philosopher, was of course above 
 the canons of the church. xxXeHg, coolly, philosophically. 
 
 55-58. aXX* 'ius v' uffveurS-topiv, but before we had time to salute one 
 
 another. o Mvgetiuv, the archbishop of the Myrians, that is, of Myra, 
 
 a city in Lycia. Tldr/xio; xi uvros, he too was a Patmian ; the 
 
 speaker is supposed to be a native of Patmos. tpafivs trXarvf, an 
 
 ostentatious fellow. 
 
 60 - 62. furfia, our native place, that is, Patmos. lxt~, there, 
 
 where the speaker was. <raXa<ov xetxov, an old nuisance or bore. 
 
 67, 68. tig uQos T XOHOV, in the common style, that is, m Romaic, 
 which is called fi xoivv yXutrffit, in contradistinction to n 'EA.Xjy/x>7, the 
 
 Greek, that is, the ancient Greek. xiin TO Sappoufft, he thought it 
 
 (his composition) was something great. 
 
 167 71. tya/vsr', he would have been. 235.2. 
 
 73, 74. Toiavras, such being his character. xa$&>; .... u^yof, as 
 
 he had no studies to occupy his mind with. S-et.up.et fri%iu i yos t a 
 
 capital poet. 
 
 82, 83. xS-' tb'ov, for xa.ru., in the streets. <*$, that, on. 
 
 86. civ T<jy xi, for av xcci %rev, although he was. 
 
 93. irus fyugouv eva rl, that they know a thing or two. 
 
 KLEPHTIC AND OTHER SONGS. 
 
 Leake, in speaking of the iambic tetrameter catalectic ( 269), in which 
 most of the popular songs are composed, makes the following remark; 
 "The measure of the old English ballads originated in all probability 
 among the Greeks, and their adherence to it, while it has been confined 
 among us [English] to the lower class of poetical composition, marks the 
 stationary and unimproving condition of their literature in comparison with 
 our own " ; which seems to imply, that short verses are a sign of civiliza- 
 tion. This measure, it should be remembered, is as old at least as the Old 
 Comedy. 
 
 16* 
 
186 NOTES. 
 
 I. TO 'v, for ro tva. rr^uti, from rrou. xa.ro. re BX<r, 167 
 
 towards B/ialtos. vi v y'wxt, u>/mf AQS become of, 231. 2. 16S 
 
 VM; i7ir, &c. forms the answer to the preceding question. ffx.Xa.fta, 
 
 as a prisoner. MV#T* Kxtirev^ee, Muhtar Clisuras ; the first is the 
 
 proper name, and the second denotes the native place of Muhtar. -^ay*/, 
 
 office. * ft fJ%i <pi%n ! that it had never dawned ! 237. 3 ; p 
 
 stands for p.*. era y Inptfurri, until morning. oft V, for wVw 
 
 ?*. This line forms the answer of Miliones. (funa l^uxxv . . . 
 
 its rev rove, they fired at the some time, and both fill on the spot. 
 
 II. re vi a <yhnj what has become of. ret $vo ra.i^ia., her two 
 
 sons. r^'iat, making three, or three in all ; takes the gender of */$/. 
 
 - Qamra.1, that is, o TvQreixns. Tv/frt), from the nominative 
 
 Tvtp-rv:, the diminutive of which is TuQroixr,{. r> traXXfixeif' e-rou 
 
 Vv, like a hero that he was; '<r for T, from tif&ai. TOV 'feti, for 
 
 TOW tiffeti. veiy for *ra'yJ carry. 84. 1. r' 'AxiJ .... 
 
 rxvXav, to AH Pasha, the dog. 190. 
 
 III. S y/avw, shall I recover my health. ITx/aWa / > . . . . ,*<<- 16 
 
 ra.ia.rtt, the answer of the birds ; p for ^aw. rov N/*w Ti^T' jfe^ <o 
 
 Me /of o/" Altos ; this N/*$ was surnamed Ttrd^etf ; he is called also N<- 
 
 190: 194. ol ixfyh th e Turks. rev flr^o T 
 
 /, as was to be expected. 
 
 IV. T< 7xa< fAttu^a, ra. fiouvci t why are the mountains black. xan^ t 
 
 for xo'vivfft, from xenvu. 27. 2. One might ask here, " If uv and iu 
 were pronounced a/3 or p, and /S or t$, by the ancient Greeks, why did 
 they not write xct$i;, arras, fia.fftXi-^'U, trn, for xavtri;, auras, 
 
 tun ? " Further he might ask, " If oin*.tvu was pronounced 
 
 what makes its penult long ? " The only satisfactory answer to these 
 
 questions is, that these diphthongs were not pronounced a/3, ot$, t/3, t<f>, by 
 
 the ancient Greeks. <riouv, for x'tvo-t, from <r'tvta. fteiraw, aor. 
 
 subj. from p.a%ova. ra, vttibiai ravf, their children ; revs is feminine. 
 
 64. N. 4. ya-<'i/v<r*/, equivalent to yvea^owrn ei*.*.faovs. 
 
 %*>tffp.o $ev s%ovv, cannot be separated. 
 
 V. In this song, Olympus talks like a Greek mountaineer, and Kisabhos 170 
 
 like a servile payer of ^a.^a.rai. re x-oie, which of the two. 156. 2. 
 
 o Kio-afios pf,%vti .... ro %ion. It should be remembered that Olym- 
 pus is much higher than Kisabhos. -rac-a figvo-n .... KXi^r>j?, 
 
 every sjmng has its standard, and every bough its Klepht ; that is, I am 
 
 full of Klephts. xE^aX/ pau .... xppetriffpivo ; said by the eagle to 
 
 the head. ?'?' *ov*.i, &c., the answer of the head. Teu^xevg 
 
 xi'A^etnTais, attracted by the relative ttovs. 178. 2. 
 
 VI. p\ rov; two, rev yviev;, who hadst nine sons ; literally, with thy 
 nine sons. 's ra rxorttvoi .... ipiyyit^eixi, show the mother's assi- 
 duity; Qtyyos, the light of the sun; <piyyzeixi, the dear moonlight. 
 
SALOMOS. 197 
 
 170 eVav, equivalent to tig TJV oVo/v, to whom, referring to 
 
 171 ffov, superfluous. 164. 1. &uo-' rjvf, for ^uri THV. 
 
 ffr^eira, Vaw diafiecivu, in my travels. ft ciff%nf& ', for ^t 
 
 TJV l<pi7, for rjv 0s?. 19. N. TJjf /3a2X makes for her 
 
 (his mother) ; /3s/, from /3a&;, /SaXXw. TOW; ay*au? /Aagrvgovs, the 
 
 holy martyrs ; uytaug, by synizesis for ay'ious ', (AK^TV^OVS, for ftagrvgas, 
 
 from the nominative pagrvg/xs. 34. 1. a <ra TK TJV itpigy, to go 
 
 (to Babylon) and bring her back to her (mother). 226. N. a-E^ava, 
 
 for awtSavav, from asrsSamy. xa< a/ ivy/a, every one of the nine. 
 
 149. 4. emo-*a, imperf. from uvetffvru. TO &io pov /SaXej, for 
 
 ray 3-tev pou sfia,*.sf. 81. N. 1. f&iffa. 'f rot f*.t<ruvvx<ra, in the 
 
 heart of the night. figiffxii TJJV xxi Krtvigouvrav, he found her combing 
 
 herself. 250. 2. <ytas, i'Xa, come now, just come. ri 'vat rour* fi 
 
 agK, it is too late now to start. va f>a.\u TOS ^w* ftou, let me (or 
 
 / must) put on my dress embroidered with gold. 228. us xa.$us 
 
 ttftat, as / am ; us is pleonastic. o-rov ^/3a/vav, which they were 
 
 travelling. uxovv, for otxoueuv, from axovu, or rather ixovyu. 84. 
 
 yta. 'Tts, just see. xovriXa. opo^n, ace. after 'Its. va 'gv' 
 
 uTr-B-afAtvov, dragging a corpse. The superstitious believe that birds and 
 some kinds of dogs have the power of seeing ghosts, demons, and diseases. 
 
 QofiovfAKi o-' .... ftv^us, I fear, my dear brother, something has 
 
 befallen thee, for thou smellest of frankincense. Arete begins to believe 
 she is walking with her brother's ghost. i%<rl jS^a3if, last evening ; 
 
 172 the evening of his death. xeiru 'g rev ' Anyiuvv, to Saint John's 
 
 church, where the funeral rites were performed. vec rnv ' K^irn <rou, 
 
 here is your Arete. v fiff 1 aigns, /a/3w, if thou art o spirit of the 
 
 air, go thy way. xauftivv 'Agtrou>.a, [ttv . . . *g <ret %'tvet, my poor 
 
 dear Arete lives far away in a strange land. K \yu 'p', for xett \yu 
 
 itfteti, for I am. xi offo v' avo/|', for xai o'ffov vx uvoi%y, and before she 
 could open. !f/3ysv fi ^u^n <rt)s, she expired. 
 
 SALOMOS. 
 
 Salomos makes little use of elision, crasis, and synizesis; which neces- 
 sarily introduces the tribrach, dactyle, and anacrusis into his verse, and 
 consequently prevents that tiresome monotony, which seems to captivate the 
 majority of Romaic versifiers. His poetry, therefore, can be appreciated 
 by those only who are good Greek (that is, ancient Greek) or Italian 
 scholars. 
 
 1. a-ra TV xo-^ti, by the edge. fti )3/, rapidly. 
 
 2. /SyaX^tv*?, sprung out of. <rv vrgura, as of yore ; that is, in 
 
 the times of the ancient Greeks. avtiguuftivnt vigorous. 
 
188 NOTES. 
 
 3. ixi7 piffK, that is, ii$ ra. **Xa ruv 'ExXqy**. ', for t<<ryf, 172 
 
 from xiyta. 
 
 4. olgyit *x9-j, xw /o?ig m coming. (xs/y /*f5 the day of 
 
 thy deliverance. r '<r*<, by crasis for vac, laata^i. 
 
 5. Xej, for \iyyf. xX<V, for xXaiyys, from x,\a.iyu t xXxiu. 173 
 
 6. 7. axafWfw, that is, n 'EXfySi/ : the person changes in the 6th 
 stropha. iXtif, for tXeysj, from Xty 84. TIT', for rryi, 
 
 8. ^/iV' *g fa x^oivftotTa, d-sX, turbid with tears. /; <r pov%o vev t 
 
 upon thy garment. 
 
 9, 10. il g TO. Zfvtt, in foreign countries. ceXXa, other than thine. 
 
 f4eva%ti .... U-avteXSi; fiovct%v, thou dejyartedst alone, and returnedst 
 
 alone. Sty m* iZxoXai; .... xafjTX, because nobody would help 
 
 thee ; doors do no* o;>e?i easi/y MJ/ICTI A"5?ed knocks at them. 
 
 11. a.vtio-a.a'r,* xctuutot., no respite ; supply ftuxi. aXXflf ffov ira%t 
 
 .... $oix.rti. This refers to the promises of Catharine the Second, 
 empress of Russia. 
 
 12, 13. IK fitfts, for va iv^ris. 27. 3. ofitu y back, to Greece. 
 
 T^a, ^^Tf<, some spot famous in Grecian history. 
 
 15. y/, a# i/'s is so. TU^X, now. This piece was written about the 174 
 
 year 1824, when the Greek revolution was at its height. 
 
 18. 'Pijya, Regas, a native of Bhelestinos, in Thessaly. He was one 
 
 of the earliest planners of the Greek revolution. <roXiftonK%r)i n 
 
 fuw, martial voice. This no doubt refers to the war-songs of Regas, 
 which, like all other war-songs, are now highly insipid. 
 
 20. vg 's * iffr'tgia, their voices reached the stars. rov 'lav/au xal 
 
 TO, tniriK, the seven Ionian islands, subject to (technically, under the pro- 
 tection of) Great Britain. 
 
 21. yfetftfiito, engraved ; y^a^evj!*, agreeing with Ixiw&i^o, would be 
 
 more natural. ^ivrfa. tXtj/St^a, false liberty. Salomes, it should be 
 
 remembered, is a native of Zante, one of the Ionian islands, and, of course, 
 no very great admirer of British liberty. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 

VOCABULARY. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 
 
 Arab. 
 
 Jtal. 
 
 Lai. 
 
 Turk. 
 
 Unc. 
 
 * 
 
 Arabic. 
 
 Italian. 
 
 Latin. 
 
 Turkish. 
 
 Of uncertain etymology. 
 
 Provincial or Local. 
 
 The articles roC, TOV, in the exptessions With TOU, With TOI/, respectively represent 
 the Genitive and Accusative. 
 
 , or a, interj. ah, denoting pity, sor- 
 row, or complaint. 
 
 -, privative. 121. 
 
 /or Eand O, 27. 1. 
 
 a/JaS-aj (|3$af), >j, ov, shallow. 
 
 a/Ja-TTtfj (/3a*Tw), >?, ov, not dyed : not 
 tempered, as metallic instruments. 
 
 a/27f (/Sa^oj), ?, imponderable, 
 weightless. 
 
 a/3a<TTa*<roj (/3<rT&y), ?, a, unsup- 
 ported : insupportable. 
 
 K&KTOS (fixiva), 0y, impassable : inac- 
 cessible. 
 
 ?, a, o, abbot : father, a title given 
 to monks, in which case the j is 
 dropped ; as, 'O *AjS/3 Ila^/Ja;, 
 Father Pambo. 
 
 XUxa), f , j, leech. 
 S/J<9j), , ov, uncertain : 
 not sure. 
 
 a/3s/3a/oTjj, *jra?, , uncertainty. 
 
 os (/3f/3/oW), >j, av, not as- 
 sured : not confirmed. 
 
 v 3/a), v, ov, unforced, un- 
 restrained. 
 
 j3A./3j), is, and 
 
 n, ov, harmless : uninjured, 
 unhurt. 
 '^et-TTos, n, ov, uninjured, unhurt, 
 
 (fio&u), n, ov, unassisted : 
 helpless. 
 
 e^etffTos u, n, ov, not boiled. 
 
 a/3^XTaj (ft^ea), ?, ov, not wet, dry. 
 / ' = 
 
 v w ,. . ov, not sucked : 
 not suckled. 
 
 ay3a?ro//a, AS, *1, beneficence, 
 a yotS-o-roios , , ov, beneficent. 
 ci'yttB-Qs, vt, ov, good, Ket,Xos. 
 
 rtfos, ft, goodness, 
 or 
 
 .yz\ftet, aroj, TO, statue. 
 '.ya^fturoveMs, ov, o, statuary, maker 
 of statues. 
 
 us, f>, celibacy. 
 
192 
 
 ayqv 
 
 ayetftos (yapos), ov, unmarried. 
 ayavaxTjjavf, ius, , indignation. 
 ayetvaxT&i, i~s, ffa, to be indignant : 
 
 to complain, rarely. 
 ayatvov, ev, TO, = aS-jja. 
 
 aya.vn, m, fi, love : charity : peace, 
 
 not iro*.if*,e;. 
 
 ot, , ev, beloved. 
 >, ifftx,, to reconcile. 
 a.ya.<xu, a.;, *?*, 3^v, x/tivog, to love : 
 
 to be in love with : to h'ke. 
 ayeis (Turk.}, a, o, aga, the governor 
 of a Greek village ; lie is always a 
 Mohammedan. 
 
 iyytt^'nt, a.;, , impressment. 
 ayya^tvu, tvo-at,, to impress, to compel 
 
 to enter into public service. 
 ayytTev, ou, TO, vessel, vase. 
 iyyiXmos, 4, ov, angelical. 
 eiyyi\os, ov, o, angel. 
 ayy't^u, = iyyi&. 
 uyyto-ftot, = 'iyyifffta.. 
 
 iet, a.;, r,, England. 
 os, v, ov, English. 
 g, ov, o, Englishman. 
 ;, fi, cow. 
 
 , n, o, = 
 yX>j), tov 
 eiyi^n, m, ft, flock, herd. 
 
 ), n, ov, not filled. 
 
 s, is, ignoble, mean, low, vulgar. 
 uyiwnros (ytwu), >j, o t unborn : un- 
 
 begotten, uncreated. 
 *a.yioa.s, = afoa 
 
 , ov, o, saint. 
 
 ires, fi, sanctitj'. 
 lav, TO, = axKvSst. 
 a.yx.a.'ka. (y, xaXa), or ayxaXa xeti, 
 
 conj. though, although. 
 a.yxy.Z.ni'^v (a.yx.ot.i.'^ofjt.ai), aura., a<rSn> 
 
 M/dHt to embrace. 
 iyxtia, (a*/;), ay, *, splinter, sliver, 
 
 shiver. 
 
 atyKtffT^i (ayxto-Tgov), tov, TO, fish-hook. 
 uyzvga, a.;, f), anchor. 
 ayxuvxpi, iav, TO, corner, eiyxuvotf. 
 eiyxuvx; (ayxuvj, et, o, elbow ' corner. 
 
 oos), a;, r,fftt, to slip, 
 
 slide, glide. 
 
 , n, ev, tongueless : 
 
 speechless. 
 uyvtivTicc. (IvitvTiov), adv. opposite, over, 
 
 against. 
 u,yvu(>ifTos (yvu^i^u), tt, ov, unknown : 
 
 not recognised : not acquainted with. 
 ciyvtvfTo;, n, ov, unknown. 
 ayogoi, a;, , purchase, buying, emp- 
 
 tion : market. 
 uyoooi^u, ao-a, a<rSjy, uff pivot, to buy, 
 
 purchase. 
 Kyo^oia-To's, n, ov, bought : purchasable. 
 
 a.yeot {oiyovpoi), tov, TO, male child: 
 
 lad. 
 eLyovaos, t), ov, = eiwgo;. 
 
 has not dined. 
 ayivffreg, , ov, and 
 aytvros, v, ov, that has not eaten. 
 ayiu^ynro; (ytu^ya), n, ay, not tilled. 
 ayiet, a-t-, fit rt female saint. 
 
 , ov, o, young man : 
 brave man. 
 
 et.ypjift.it.tt.Tos (ygdftpci), n, ov, illiterate. 
 eiypoiTTos (y^atyu), j, ov, and 
 that ay<zQo;, n, ov, not written : blank, as 
 jyajyer. 
 
 &yi>io$), ivo-ot, i&nv, tvpivof, 
 to render wild, enrage, irritate. 
 
 tvo-a, to be wild : to be en- 
 raged, irritated. 
 
 (eiyio;), ttcat, a<rSjy, ao-pivos, I otyoiovtu, cara, euftivo;, = ay^ivu. 
 to sanctify : to consecrate. ayota-riTttvos (xtTnvoi), ov, o, whoop 
 
 , a<ra., to become a saint. or hoopoo, a bird, 
 
 as, ov, o, sanctification : holy eiyoios, , ev, wild, savage, ferocious, 
 water. j aypoTns, ires, f>, wildness : savage- 
 
 'loytvrns (Zyios, ylvvti}, n, a, sacri- j ness : ferocity, 
 legist, nearly obsolete in this sense : iyooixu (eiy^otxoi), as 
 religious hypocrite. vog, to understand, 
 
 , a, ov, holy : sacred : Holiness, i to hear, 
 as a title of respect given to bishops, a.yos, ev, o, field. 
 as, o ILyto', 'Rfio-ov, his Holiness oty^vrviar, at, r>, wakefulness, watch- 
 the metropolitan of Ephesus. fulness, vigilance : vigil, in a church. 
 
ayowrvos, n, ov, sleepless, wakeful : 
 
 watchful, vigilant. 
 ayufcvafTos (yvpvd^iu), n, ev, not ex- 
 
 ercised, not drilled : not practised, 
 
 unskilled. 
 ayu^Tns, ou, o, mountebank, charlatan, 
 
 quack. 
 
 ay%ivoix, as, fi, ingenuity. 
 afy%ivot>s> ouv, ingenious. 
 etyuv, uvos, o, contest, struggle. 
 a-yuvlgopai, ifSw, to contend, strug- 
 
 gle. 
 
 etoa.ftas, avTos t o, diamond. 
 aoKf^oio-Tos (^xpdgu), n, ov, unconquer- 
 
 ed, unsubdued : unconquerable, in- 
 
 domitable. 
 
 OOIIK, as, vi, permission, leave : leisure. 
 pi T*IV odiidv yets, with your per- 
 
 mission. 
 d$tiuea (aotiet), aural, = gi/xetiga. 
 
 ara, v.ffSnv, aff&ivos, = tuxui- 
 
 aotios, at, ov, = fjx.ce.iav;. 
 abtivvos, n, ov, supperless. 
 ddtXtpdxt, TO, dear brother. 
 
 , ov, TO, = 
 r], vs, *i, sister. 
 TO, = ec^ipof. 
 of, ri, ov, brotherly, fraternal. 
 > ou, o, brother. 
 
 arwf, tiros, >l, brotherhood, fra- 
 ternity. 
 
 ,= ^J7. 32. N. 
 
 abiros ($ivw), v, ov, untied, unbound. 
 oi'SnXo;, n, ov, uncertain. 
 "A/^j, ou, o, Hades. 
 d$idxo<ros (^letxofTuj, ov, incessant. 
 ddidxpros (dtaxgivu), y, ov, impolite, 
 boorish. 
 
 fo-u, n, ov, r- 
 reconcilable, implacable. 
 abietvrgo'ria, us, ri, = dvKiff%vvTitt. 
 
 (tvrgivopai), n, ov, = dval- 
 
 oia, ett, ft, indifference. 
 d'Steipogo;, ov, indifferent. 
 d^iuQogus, adv. indifferently. 
 atiixx, adv. =eto*ixus. 
 dSixiet, as, ij, injustice, wrong. 
 
 17 
 
 adav 
 y, ev, unjust. 
 
 dixu, t7;, ntroi, S?jy, x/uivof, to act 
 
 unjustly? to wrong, injure. 
 Otxus, adv. unjustly. 
 
 liofioviu}, , ev, not mend- 
 ed, not corrected : incorrigible. 
 gdffffoftai), aga, and 
 a|, to seize, snatch. 
 ia, as, *i, feebleness, weakness : 
 inabilit. 
 
 n, ov, = Kouvaros. 
 (a^varaj), lira, ifff&ijos, to 
 debilitate, weaken, enfeeble. 
 et^uvKTi^u, iffa., to be feeble. 
 abvvKrov, ou, TO, impossibility. 
 a^t/varaj, ft, ov, weak, feeble : lean, as 
 flesh : unable, impotent : inipossi- 
 'ble. 
 
 itvat TUV aouvdruv vd, it is abso- 
 lutely impossible. 
 ubvvatTu, (.7s, neu., to be unable, inca- 
 
 pable : to be or grow weak. 
 abvffuxviTos, ov, inexorable. 
 Kota, to sing, used chiefly in the phrase 
 ofotTKi Xo-yos, it is said, there is a 
 report. 
 
 aii, adv. not Romaic, = vdvrort. 
 atodxtis, tit o, and 
 aigdxi, TO, light breeze. 
 
 ajj^), leu, TO, breeze. 
 , tira, iffSw, iffftivos> to air,"fan : 
 to ventilate. 
 aipof, a, ov, aerial. 
 KITO'S, ou, o, eagle. 
 ay^ji, is, insipid, disagreeable. 
 anlitt, as, ft, insipidity, disagreeable- 
 
 ness. 
 u^ftvaxi, TO, dear nightingale. 
 
 aviottvi, tou, TO, = avibuv. 
 arduv, evos, rt, nightingale. 
 ^, i/>os, o, air : wind. 
 
 (is TOV aiga, in vain, foolishly. 
 
 0-f xat,Ta\Uftfiavu tls TOV ai^a, I 
 don't understand half of what you 
 
 Say J 
 cins (eiyios'), n, o, saint, chiefly in com- 
 
 position, as 'Atio-yiavvtis, Saint John. 
 *3aA>j (/SaX!, vis, f>, = ffrdxrri. 
 a&atvao-ia, as, vi, immortality. 
 adv. immortally. 
 
 iffx, irSviv, iffftives, to im- 
 
 
1C4 
 
 mortalize. 
 
 dSdtara;, , 0, immortal. 
 aSarras (S0tTT), j, 0, unburied. 
 dStia, as, , atheism. 
 a'Ssaj, aw, 0, atheist. 
 dS'igas (9-!j), a, o, awn, beard of an 
 
 ear of corn : edge, as of a cutting 
 
 instrument. 
 'ASnia, y, rj, and 
 'ASJJya;, uv, a/, Athens. 
 'AS*vet7os, ov, , an Athenian. 
 Sx/0?, , 0y, miserable, wretched. 
 d&XioTfts, i}ro;, ft, misery, wretched- 
 
 ness. 
 
 .eVf t'j, TO, = dvSo'yxXov. 
 
 onrxiia}, , 0y, irreligious. 
 3-0*r (dSeaeu), we-*, aS^y, vptivos, to 
 
 declare innocent : to acquit. 
 
 y, innocent. 
 d$eoTvs, WTO?, , innocence. 
 I/307, infer?. oh ! o/" wonder ; chiefly 
 
 used by women. 
 etiSiaas, a, o, = /$?. 
 a/3-ij/if, , x, ethereal. 
 ;$, t'tfj, 0, ether. 
 a.1 px, O.TOS, <ro, blood. 
 
 'XP**-**i$*, if at, if Bnt t ifftiittt to 
 
 capture, make prisoner of war. 
 /^/a>.&T0f, t/, 0, captive, prisoner of 
 
 war. 
 
 iav, tot t 0, age: eternity : centur}'. 
 aiaiit;, a., ev, eternal. 
 atuviartis, nres, ri, eternity. 
 etluvius, adv. eternally. 
 x*^0t*!r/<x, as, tt, impurity. 
 ax3^r0y, , or, impure. 
 ux.ax.ts, a, 0>, good, innocent. 
 axa&a, tis, , thorn. 
 c*a>0y;0-r0f (0t0y/^0y), , 0y, not regu- 
 lated, irregular. 
 
 , n, 0, fruitless. 
 
 to stain with blood. 
 
 w&), ej, , bloodshed. 
 opos, y, feeding on blood, blood- 
 thirsty. 
 
 y^*, r0j, r0, riddle. 
 7j, w, , ^Enos, a ci/j/. 
 ?*/, from nouns in as or nf, 34. 2. 
 i, twj, , heresy : sect. 
 xtx, ', e>, heretical. 
 Ko;, ov, 0, heretic. 
 
 n*, to feel, perceive. 
 , T0j, T0, feeling, sensation. 
 
 , sense : perception. 
 s, , 0'*, felt : perceptible. 
 is, . , obscene. 
 
 f, , cause. 
 t| aJ-r/ce; TOW, on account of, be- 
 cause of. 
 
 7, tu, TO, = the preceding. 
 ulna;, , 0, that causes : the cause, 
 used only in the predicate, in this 
 acceptation. IFith vcv. 
 *tyv/$<0j, a, , sudden, unexpected. 
 
 . suddenly, unexpectedly. 
 *f, , captivity. 
 
 dxara/.).r.>.iat, as, fi, inconsistency, 
 incongruity, irregularity. 
 
 dxardrav/rra, adv, incessantly : con- 
 tinually. 
 
 dxarax-avff<ros, n t > incessant : con- 
 tinual. 
 
 dxTafvaff'ia t as, fi, unsteadiness, com- 
 motion. 
 
 dxardo-rares, 0>, unsteady. 
 
 dx.ioa.ii;, a, 0y, entire, whole. 
 
 dxirneria, as, *, immobility. 
 , n, 0y, immovable, 
 if;, fi, hearing. 
 dxaris, from hearsay. 
 , n, oy, following. 
 
 dxaX.av&v, i7s, tiff a, to follow. 
 
 dxoXovSw;, adv. consequently. 
 
 dxefta, and 
 
 dxopr, (dxfAriv), adv. yet, as yet : still : 
 not yet. 171. ' 
 
 *0y/ (dxavfi), tav, ro, whetstone. 
 
 <tx0y/, iffa, iVSijy, iffftitts, and 
 
 dxavu, as, r,ffa, j9->jy, r,fti*o;, to whet, 
 sharpen. 
 
 dxavyu, = dxavu. 
 
 dxeuftfi'i^tt, ira, tff&nv, iffftivos, and 
 \ dxauftfia (Lot. accumbo), y, r,tra, 
 lepivas, to lean upon or against, 
 place upon, 
 i dxavu, avra, avff&tjv, ovffftiraf, to hear. 
 
 eixcot, as, ft, extremity. 
 
 dxaae-'ia, as, i>, intemperance. 
 
 cixsarita,, as, n, incontinence. 
 
 ax^ta, as, f), = ax^a. 
 
 dxp&d, adv. dearly. 
 
 as, fi, exactness, accuracy, 
 
195 
 
 precision : dearth, dearness. 
 r:;, is, exact, accurate, precise. 
 o;, ri, ov, dear : close, penurious, 
 
 parsimonious. 
 a-xgifieHs, adv. exactly, accurately : 
 
 dearly. 
 
 cixpTof, n, ov, indiscreet. 
 uxgoxo-is, &*>s, ft, hearing : lecture. 
 axgoyta-Xid (eixgat, alytaXoi), ?, *!, 
 
 seashore, sea-coast. 
 axgov, ev, TO, commonly in the plural, 
 
 va. eixget, extremities, border. 
 eixgeas, adv. extremely. 
 U.X&>TVIOV, ov, TO, promontory, cape. 
 dxTtvx, as, fi, and 
 UXTIS, 7vos, fi, ray : radius. 
 axuoo;, ov, null, void, invalid. 
 
 ciXx;, O.TOS, TO, salt. 
 
 'AXtktrovct, etg, v>, Alasona, a town. 
 
 aXuTi, tov, TO = oiXat. 
 aXaT/<w, wet, itrSnv, ifftivos, to salt, 
 sprinkle with salt. 
 
 lav, TO, fawn. 
 'AX/5av/, as, r,, Albania. 
 *Ax/3*vj, 6v, o, an Albanian. 
 
 lira, iff&vv to-ftivos, to grind. 
 a, and 
 and 
 
 ei-Jsa. ti<pviv, itpulves, to anoint: 
 to soil. 
 
 , lov, TO, plough. 
 itu, TO, = eiXivgav. 
 
 ov, TO, flour, meal. 
 , us, fi, truth. 
 IK XjSiiaj, or T X>jS-/a, in 
 truth, truly. 
 
 AjS-s/, by the way, a propos. 
 
 a, tug-it, to be true, to tell the 
 truth. 
 
 S>fe, It, and 
 os, ri, ov, true. 
 , adv. truly. 
 
 ?, , o, Ali. 
 aX/ (7f/. guai a lui), inter), alas ! 
 aX/jCtavav (aX/, oi'/at), IW/tfr/. alas ! woe ! 
 
 With tis ro'y. 
 dXXa, conj, but. 
 
 , >5f, , change. 
 
 , to 
 
 change : to change dress. 
 
 , aj, v, barter, exchange : suit 
 of clothes. 
 
 xotftvu XX|<a, to barter. 
 
 iu', (aXXaj), adv. otherwise. 
 dxxr t xjv, ov;, us, > one another. 
 68. 
 
 V, ovf, o, foreigner. 
 
 , n, ov, speaking a differ- 
 ent language. 
 
 XasSvw's (i'^vf) **> belonging to a 
 different nation. 
 
 XXr, j, , other, another. 
 
 XKI TO aXXa, moreover. 
 
 Xiy" <2>^ T' XXav, he talks 
 incoherently. 
 
 aXXflf .... xeei ctXXo;, one .... 
 another, or some .... others ; as 
 
 u.XXof SiXit xga.tr}, xxi ciXXe; 
 
 vtgov, one wants wine, another wants 
 water ; aXXo/ ixgifteitrSuffeiv, xeu 
 aXXa/ ixetXevxuSno-uv, some were 
 hanged, others were impaled ; a,XXcc 
 Xiyu, xa.} ciXXtt xtxpvu, he says one 
 thing, and does another. 
 dXXov (aXXaf), adv. elsewhere, in or at 
 another place : to another place. 
 
 dr' XXu, from another place. 
 
 aXXsy .... xett ciXXou, in one 
 
 place .... in another, or to one place 
 .... to another ; as, XXu s<X tyu, 
 xi *XXat/ at/Tos, I am in one place, 
 and he in another ; dXXov TOV to-Tti- 
 Xav, xa} dXXeu ivrvyt, they sent him 
 to one place, and he went to another. 
 dXXoQvXos (f*4)i >> ov, belonging to 
 
 a different nation. 
 aXpvoo;, d, ov, salt. 
 oiXeyov, ov, TO, = 'fvifof. 38. N. 
 
 , w, ov, irrational : unreasonable. 
 
 'f'A^X a f> *>i horsehair. 
 etXvo-ens, fi/, chains, aXwy/^/f. 
 (uXutris}, as, v, chain. 
 {eiXvffO{\ taint, &>$vv t 
 
 to chain. 
 
 /V, ov, o, Alpheus, n river. 
 (aXav), tov, TO, threshingfloor. 
 u, tffot, iffS-xv, itrftivos, to thresh. 
 , mot, fi, and 
 
196 
 
 ala-rov, tug, ft, fox. 
 
 upa, adv. as soon as. 230. 2. 
 
 d/tdStia, y, , ignorance. 
 
 d/ua.$ns, is, and 
 
 aftotSes, n, , ignorant. 
 
 dftdXaKros (ftaldfffv), t], et, inexora- 
 
 ble, inflexible. 
 afjta%a, tjs, ft, and 
 
 lav, <r, vehicle, carriage, cart, 
 car, wagon. 
 
 dvu, to sin. 106. 
 u/u.dgT*ifta, aros, TO, sin '. crime, 
 o,f*.a.f><r'ia,, us, r\, sin. 
 
 es, , , sinful. 
 ov, o, sinner. 
 
 , conj. = loir. 
 
 d.t- t jtrivative. 121. 
 
 0.10,, prep. 201. 
 
 am/Sa/vor, to ascend, to go or come up. 
 
 106. 
 
 a/SXX (/?XX), to defer. 
 esa/3a>.5, *s, fi, delay, deferring. 
 a.va.yivurx.u, to read. 106. 
 a.vu.yKU.'tu, itffot, dff^rti, affftivos, to 
 
 compel, force. 
 flsva^xaTaj, , >, necessary. 
 tt.ia.yKa.tuf, adv. necessarily. 
 
 ti; t ri, necessity : need. 
 {) r., reading, perusal. 
 
 /*/3Xt/'f, i7a, v, blunt : obtuse. 
 
 apfieet, >;, o, pulpit. 
 
 f*l, KftfTt, gO. 106. 
 
 dft&uo-res (fi&voi), >?, tt, not intoxi- 
 
 cated, sober, 
 
 du'tXno., af, ft, negligence. 
 eiftsXjf, is, negligent : careless. 
 cip.i\u, t~s, tret, ^>j, *fi.ivot, to neglect. 
 S.fi.ifA'rTos, u, , blameless, faultless. 
 'Afitomctvos, av, e, an American. 
 'Aftieixj, j, ^, America. 
 aftiffos, , immediate. 
 eiffiffu;, adv. immediately. 
 elfttTOfiTaf, n, , immeasurable : count- 
 
 less. 
 
 dfiiftxra;, r,, ov, inimitable. 
 etftu'i, and 
 uf.ft (, pri), conj. but : if not, ob- 
 
 solete in this sense. 
 f, ev, *f, and 
 vs, f>, sand. 
 ta^rts, i;, sandy. 
 etf*oipx7o;, at,, ov, mutual, reciprocal. 
 tt.fjL6i>a.'ius, adv. mutually, reciprocally. 
 KfAoifii), ris, fi, recompense, compensa- 
 
 tion, remuneration. 
 etftavi (a.x.u.u'i^, tou, re, anvil. 
 eiftovv, = eftntt. 
 
 K/u.TiXi (ftri\c;\ lev, r, vineyard. 
 ift-ran (, -rri), inlerj. = tJS-&. 
 fiTU$u (a<ra;Siw), ura, and 
 Kftrtuxret, *%et, to push. 
 a^^/SaXX* (/3*XA<v), to doubt. 
 eit*$i(:>9\'nt, as, it, doubt 
 
 s, t), 6i, doubtful. 
 i*.t, adv. doubtfully. 
 
 , ov, o, godfather. 
 uros, ra, curse. With <rei, 
 
 200. 
 avaS^ar/^w, if it, 'urSni, irptvos, to 
 
 curse : to anathematize. 
 tcvouffB-tiffiet, as, fi, insensibility * stu- 
 ^ pidity. 
 
 dvaiffSnTos, tt, ov, insensible : stupid. 
 KYKip^uvria, as, fit impudence. 
 dvatf^wros, *i, ov, impudent. 
 dvair-^vvrus, adv. impudently. 
 dva.*a.Kv (*X), to recall. 
 diax.aXv'rru (xaXwrr*), to discover. 
 dia.Ka.76vu (ave*, Ka.ru}, ura, u$r,v, 
 
 uftivos, to mix up, mingle : stir up. 
 
 Pass. dvaKa.<roioftMi, also to meddle 
 
 with, fottouwl by its rot, or pi rot. 
 dtaXapfrdvu (Xa/it/ay*), to recover, 
 
 to take back : to recover, as from 
 
 sickness. 
 dvxXttTos (Xa;), tj, at, unsalted : in- 
 
 sipid. 
 
 dva\oy'i, AS, r,, analogy : proportion. 
 dtdliyos, ov, analogous : proportionate. 
 dva\vTtxos, , it, analytical. 
 
 dvxpivu (pivtu), to await. 
 
 dtdftira (dtdftiros} , adv. = ptira%v. 
 
 dvafjtirtt^v (p,ira%u), adv. between: 
 
 among. With rov, or i/j TO. 
 dvav$0t, as, *>, cowardice. 
 atavfyof, 01, cowardly. 
 dvaveyiovptai (av, vou), tifai, to per- 
 
 ceive, see. 
 dtatrlppnros, t, incontrovertible, in- 
 
 disputable. 
 
 , a, tt, unworthy. 
 
197 
 
 WJ'O/Z 
 
 dvdira.uffii, tus, *>, rest, repose. 
 
 dva-rx-vu (travtu), to cause to rest. to raise or place upon. 
 
 Pass, dvavxvopai, to rest : to die. ! dvifiotivu, = dvxfiaiviv. 
 dvdwivo-is, tut, it, respite. 
 dvetTviu (TVJ'/W), to breathe, respire. 
 dvuTrvori, ijs, fi, breath, respiration. 
 
 g) to kin- 
 
 die. 
 
 &o'tS-ftnros, t], ov, innumerable, count- 
 less, numberless. 
 
 st *>, ov, unsuitable, unfit. 
 
 TO'V. 
 
 ia, as, , anarchy. 
 aya.tra.iven (dvaffS-f/,etiva), avtx, = dvct- 
 
 xviu. 
 
 dva.ffa.ffrt, tis, n, = dvdvrvivffts, 
 dvaratrftes, ov, o, = dvu.Tvo'h. 
 dveLffxovftvrovu (dvd, xopfio;^, $#, a- 
 Sv, upivo;, to roll up, s f/je sleeves. ] 
 -u (f'ra.u), aj, ao-a, to pull up or j 
 out. 
 
 (tnuMf) t * raise, 5 from 
 the dead : to resuscitate. Pass. 
 KnxfTxivo/Acti, to rise, as from the 
 dead. 106. 
 asn-sva!^ (^Tifa^w), to sigh. 
 a-rsXXa/, /Aa, to rise, s a celestial 
 body. 
 
 arsX^, 5{, , rising, as of a celestial 
 body : east. 
 
 aroX/xflj, n, o'n, eastern, oriental. 
 u.Toityta (rpjityeu}, to bring up as n 
 cAiVc/ : to educate. 
 
 a.7^ta.^u (ava, rffc)i '> my 
 hair stands on end. 
 
 ri, >js, > breeding, education. 
 
 . openly. 
 , to mention. 
 ; t t*>s, rt, departure. 
 
 , to depart. 
 
 /a, a;, j, valor, bravery, 
 ctvda;r0ay, f, TO, slave. 
 v^5, a, a, = eivrio. 
 
 etwgiiovea (dibouof)) tttffec, uQ'/jv, U(*,ivos, 
 to become brave ; chiefly in pp. 
 dvl)(>ii&>fi.fvas, strong, brave, valorous. 
 $/<, ce,g, w, valor, bravery, courage. 
 dvbeia.;, dvrog, o, Statue. 
 dvb(>'oyuvov (*(>, yvvw), ov t TO, hus- 
 band and wife. 
 
 17* 
 
 , ov, TO, anecdote. 
 , w, OK, unpublished, as a book. 
 , a, ov, illiberal. 
 , adv. unexpectedly. 
 vt\wiirros, n, ev, unhoped for : unex- 
 pected. 
 
 iffa, iffSnv, itrpivo;, to fan : to 
 ventilate. 
 
 ipo^dXy (avisos, Z,a.\n}, vis, W, gale, 
 tempest, hurricane, storm. 
 .jU.oi, ov, o, wind. 
 
 ft avsp.o -, what the deuse? 
 i^ao-T^cjS/Aoj (0-Ta/3<A.o.<), ov, i, whirl- 
 wind. 
 
 , j, ov, inexhaustible. 
 iet, a;, t>, independence. 
 grvros, *i, ov, independent. 
 T7T*;j, adv. independently. 
 t, to belong to. With sis TO*. 
 TO dvr,xov, due, that which is owed. 
 xas, ri, ov, not of age. 
 as, ov, sunless. 
 , n, ov, ferocious. 
 o;, o, man : husband. 
 fif)i ov, o, ascent, up hill. 
 os, d, ev, blooming, flower}'. 
 iov, TO, = vSaj. 
 vSiu, tffct, iffftivo;, = dv$u. 
 vi>yct\ov (av&os, ydXtt),ov, TO, cream. 
 vSos, ovs, TO, flower, blossom. 
 , axes, o, coal. 
 vos, n, ov, human. 
 os, ov, o, human being, man. 
 dvSpu-rt>Ti>is, nTof, t), humanity. 
 -roQdyos, ov, a, cannibal. 
 ?$, jjffos, to bloom : to flourish. 
 os, y, ov, invincible. 
 dv'iffus (, iVft/j), or dviffus **/, COW/. 
 
 if by chance, or simply if. 
 dvoy/ria, ;, ri, folly, foolishness. 
 dvoYiTog, n, ov, foolish : fool. 
 Hvoiyfjia,, aTos, TO, opening. 
 
 voyea, 
 
 ,*, %f, fi, rebuilding. 
 
 oiyftivos, to open, 
 
 dvotxTOg, i\, ov, open. 
 
 avoi%n, ns, , and 
 
 avoids, IMS, , the spring of the year. 
 
 dvop'ia., as, n, iniquity. 
 
 dvofAos, v, ov, lawless. 
 
avoo 193 
 
 dvefr'ia, us, fi, insipidity. 
 
 avetrros, j, ev, insipid. 
 
 dveve-ies (eie-ist), K, ev, tasteless, insipid, 
 
 against, oppose, resist. With <riv, 
 
 or sis ret. 
 
 , in the jdural, to 
 
 trashy. oppose one another. 
 
 dvrdfta (i ru oifta), adv. = ftttl^l. avrt^ie-res, ev, antichrist'ian. 
 
 dvrap.ev6 (dvrd/u.a'), ura, uv\v, upivo;, 'Avri^iirres, ev, e, Antichrist, who, 
 
 to meet. Pass. dvTap.evop,ai, to according to popular notim, is 
 
 meet each other, in the plural. Satan incarnate. 
 
 dvrdftvo-is, teas, , meeting, interview. drgdx).a ( v ^^'s)> Ui > *> purslain, 
 dvrxroxi<ris, res, *, correspondence. a plant, 
 
 dvrdga (?/nc.), as, , a rainy black dvroieis ^Av^^ias\a,o, = ^txiftfl^ies. 
 
 cloud moving rapidly, nimbus : avro-a (unc.), as, fi, the calf of the 
 
 storm, tempest : confusion, agita- leg. 
 
 tion, disorder, tumult. avroas, avbeas. 
 
 dv rivet (Ital. antenna), as, ft, sail-yard, dvrgixtes (*TJ), et, ev, man's. 
 
 Kvrigov, = IvTiodv. dvvl^ia, as, fi, drought. 
 
 dvuTetvogos (yiravo^tvuj, n, ev, unmar- 
 
 ried. 
 
 ; (^*)i "ft '*, to resound, re- dvvtri^Xnres, ev, insurmountable, in- 
 
 echo. superable- 
 
 dvri, prep. 192 : 225. 1. dvwr'opovos (v<re/u.ivtj), n, ev, impatient. 
 
 dvrt, tav, ro, beam i?i a loom. dvvretpo^es (vretpige*) , y, ev, insupport- 
 dvri(->a.o-i\tia, as, , regency, vicarious able, intolerable. 
 
 government. vu, adv. = \wdvu, up. 
 
 eu, re, transcript, eopy. 
 to copy. 
 
 aw xdru, topsy turvy : up and 
 down. 
 
 avrixitfiivov, ev, re, object. dvurares, tj, ev, uppermost, highest, 
 dvnx>.ii%i (yT/xX/;), tev, re, false key. supreme. 57. 
 
 dvnxetrru (x'e-rru), to interrupt. dvuri^es, a, ev, superior, higher. Ibid. 
 
 tttTHtfv, or dvrixgv, adv. opposite, dvt*$i\r]s, is, unprofitable, 
 
 over against. With rev, or il; rev. 'A?id, as, fi, = Naf. 
 
 189. dliix-attves, ev, praiseworthy, laudable, 
 dvrmrvra (xrvrv), to strike back, to commendable. 
 
 reflect. / (<;), tea, to be worth, to be 
 dvnX'fyu (\'fyu), to contradict valued at. With rev of the price. 
 
 ;, v, e, opponent, adversary. /, us, , axe. 
 
 (rX/jS), and die\eyos, , ev, fine, excellent : impor- 
 inraXaiu (craXa<), to struggle tant 
 
 against. dfyorio-res, n, ev, credible. 
 
 "r/V, adv. on the opposite side. '!/?, , ev, worthy. With rev. 
 
 With rov, or tis rev. d\torns, vires, *, worthiness, worth. 
 
 trix{of6,ires, ev, e, representative, in d^iafta, ares, re, axiom. 
 
 legislative affairs . a%v, evof, e, axle-tree, axis. 
 
 irix-o%Sis (*(> X,$is)> adv. four days aexves, n, ev, indefatigable, 
 
 ago. de'aares, ev, invisible. 
 
 or dvrts yid, prep. 2O1 : defte-res, ev, e, aorist. 
 
 225. 1. dfayeoivu, ivra, ii/B-r,*, luu'ivc:, to pro- 
 iTiirxeipru, = dvruto-rru. hibit, forbid. With va p.*. 248. N. 
 
 irte-raivu (ffratvt^), to place against, d<ra.yo^iiirai, it is prohibited, 
 
 oppose. impersonally. 
 
 (, i&;, h, resistance. dfaB-avari^u, iva, tf^vjv, tffptivost to 
 to stand immortalize. 
 
, &;, passionless. 
 
 , adv- dispassionately, calmly, 
 coolly. 
 
 */, prep. = airo. 
 ai^iixrix, ag) ri, ignorance. 
 ai^ivros, n, ov, uneducated : unpun- 
 ished. 
 aiTu (/ri), its, riira, to require. 
 
 av, = waX 
 wva, yv5>?v, 
 
 s, n, ov, inhuman, cruel. 
 ei'Tuvov, = OLVO.VU. 
 u^avri^u (a^ra, avT 
 
 tu, or vipift'ivu. 
 
 aTaWj7-/j, teas, , reply, answer. 
 KTTetvru, ;, ), S?v, to meet. 
 -;ryw, nrfy. = ivreita, up. 
 
 os, aw, o, completion. 
 , aj, , dirtiness. 
 (<rdo-rgx) t *>, v, dirty, filthy. 
 ct>rn, )?f, , deception : fraud. 
 CCTKTOS (W, araj), pron. = araj. 
 a^rarfci, j??, >}, jjS-^v, vptivo;, to de- 
 ceive, cheat. 
 
 s t n, ov, incessant. 
 
 u.7rtii>i>s* ovy inexperienced. 
 
 ot, ov, infinite : boundless. 
 
 ofji.Ki (ci<ft).<r'tca) , iff&tiv, ttrfti- 
 vos, to despair. 
 rtXriffiet, etf, n, despair. 
 rtfA-r^os (I^T^aj), adv. from before. 
 
 With raw, or a.iro riv. 
 TI^U (i'^w), arfy. from without. With 
 dvro rev. 
 
 (s%*i), etrt7%a t to abstain from : 
 to be distant or far from. With acre 
 
 eu, o, 
 
 affii (a?r/ay), /aw, ro t pear. 
 a-T^/a, Sj, , pear-tree. 
 uviB-a-vo;, m t ov, improbable. 
 
 a<riff<rtt>Tos 
 
 to answer. 
 
 wai), ;, av, incredible. 
 
 iu, etf, ft, unbelief : incredulity : 
 
 199 amox 
 
 infidelity. 
 
 , n, ev, unbelieving : infidel. 
 (TXa'j), ufftt, uStiv, uftivof, to 
 extend, stretch : to unfold, expand, 
 spread. 
 
 arXaV*??, jjraj, ft, simplicity. 
 j, , awy, simple, plain. 
 irep. 201. 
 
 (jSaXXw), to reject. 
 
 afl-a/3XT<w (/3Xr<w), t^a, to look to- 
 wards : to have reference to, relate 
 to. With tis TO'V. 
 dfo-yovos, aw, a, descendant. 
 ei'ro^nxTix.es, ri, ov, proving, convincing. 
 dro$ti%is, tug, V, proof, demonstration : 
 
 show. 
 
 d*e$ti%v*> @tix;vu), to demonstrate, 
 prove, show. 
 
 , to attribute, ascribe. 
 
 
 oSiova (Seoj), , aiS-jjy, aptvef, to 
 
 deify. 
 
 oSlrw (Ssrw), to lay, put. 
 
 aB-iuffis, IMS, ft, deification. 
 
 > 7> a, and 
 
 ?, aw, o, apothecary. 
 
 f, , store. 
 
 (Srititu), to die. 106. 
 'Ta.f^xi, Greek, = afTaxara- 
 ffraivu. 
 
 ci<ffox.dfjtvu (icciftvu), to be tired of, to 
 be exhausted. 
 
 a.nu (trraivw), to re-establish, 
 restore. 
 
 oKeivu (xa<r), arfw. from below : 
 under, below. With dro rax. 
 oxKpxXt^M, itra, /VS-y/c, ifffAivos, to 
 behead, decapitate. 
 oxtQeikiffis, tus, , decapitation. 
 ax<pX<o-TK, ow, a, headsman. 
 axX/w (*Xs/), to exclude : to shut 
 up : to blockade. 
 oxoipi^a (x.otp.i%u), to put one to 
 
 sleep. 
 
 ox.oifJLUff.en (xoift.vp.ai), eiffeti, to fall 
 
 asleep. 
 
 c, (x^s'atj), as, , carnival. 
 vu, and 
 
 uu (dvoxgiei), tufa, to eat the 
 last supper before Lent. 
 
7JOX 
 
 200 
 
 , n, o*, improper, indecent 
 , *, o, and 
 (Lat. aprilis), ov, , April. 
 
 , , >, unedu 
 
 iS-w, to answer, reply. 
 F, teas, A, answer, reply. 
 
 araxTi<r/f (-XT*), ivs, f), acquisi- d<r^i\is 
 
 tion. i atT^oxaqri 
 
 ufax.ru (jtrde/jLut), us, jfl-, to acquire: ! cated. 
 
 to obtain. droev'Saz.r.ras, , 01, unexpected. 
 
 !TflXa!At/iy (X^/Sy), to enjoy : de- i% d*i>a<ioax.r,rev, unexpectedly. 
 
 rive advantage. df^ofil'iec, us, f>, heedlessness, careless- 
 
 is, ms, fi, enjoyment. ness, inadvertency. 
 
 , = d*aXu/4,fidw. droctruTo:, ot, impersonal. 
 
 itffttt, r,$r,v, to defend wX*rf, ay, gateles?: unruly, 
 
 one's self in a speech or book : to agu, an untranslatable interrogative 
 
 apologize. particle. 
 ;, v, ay, absolute. 
 
 flf^i'. absolutely. 
 (XJ), to set free, to acquit. 
 
 a%et (HTIC.), j, ft, row, a series of 
 
 things : file, line. 
 atftt, 
 
 remains. 
 d<rtft'i*u (ft 
 
 ), TO., remnant, ; in a row. 
 
 vtu), to remain : to be left. 
 i^j), on, out of the way, 
 sequestered. 
 
 (ft'i<ra,\ adv. from within. 
 
 a era ray. 
 
 to put 
 , to anchor, 
 
 (MC.), 
 
 cast anchor, moor. 
 
 a/ay, ', cv, thin, thinly scattered, 
 
 rare, not dense. 
 
 xif (^-rd^xis xevxetnd^nif, fiddle- 
 
 Sticks I nonsense I 
 
 * " f * s P'der : cobweb. 
 r, tt(Zs, o, Arab. 
 
 , adv. = di 
 
 . from above: 
 
 above. With dtra <rov. ' Agfixvirirru, us, , an Albanian wo- 
 uTaxioa, (wtjat), adv. from the other man. 
 
 side : beyond. IVith u<r rot. dyd, adv. slowly : late. 
 
 drevriffu (o-riffu\ adv. from behind : doydl^u ^i^yd^oftui), neat, drSr.*, 
 
 behind. With dvri rot. urftivas, to tan. 
 
 dfaffiT'ru (fivru), to cast out, reject, doyx^nov, u, TO, and 
 
 ufapu, i7s nffu, to wonder at, to be sur- uoyet'^nos (ipyetXi7or), ov, o, loom, 
 
 prised, to be at a loss. doyiu, us, fi, indolence, inactivity : 
 
 f tus, n, abandoning : dis- holiday, 
 
 couragement. ugytru (a^ay), us, fi, and 
 
 roff<T'uu (rruivu), dvefTctfa, dwo- dgya-rooia. {doyos, -ro^es}, us, w, delay. 
 
 yrotfjiivis, and deysfa^u, its, *)<ru, to delay, dpyu. 
 
 rarrca, us, to grow tired, x.av%dZ,cp,eu : dgyos, , ay, inactive : unoccupied : in- 
 to be tired, in the aorist. dolent, lazy. With d-ro TO. 
 
 reri^iffta, UTOS, TO, result : effect. "A^yas, ovs, TO, Argos, a town. 
 
 roTekpu, = ToX/^u. doyvfita*, ev, TO, usually T d^yvfia, ssss 
 l-rov, jrron. = fou. %gjftaTU. 
 
 tret, te$r,v, itrftivas, to de- uoyv^as, ev, o, silver, 
 
 cide, determine. d^yv^s, , , and 
 
 s, n, decision, determina- d^yv^vs, u, etJy, made of silver, silvery, 
 
 tion. doyu, tis, fiffUf to delay, stay too long, 
 ra%<ru, = dfexru. loiter. 
 
 (I'v/'t), adv. this evening. doi&, and 
 
 ;, is, and doiffxa, to please. 106. 
 
ctgsa 
 
 201 
 
 otan). 
 
 vorite. 
 
 ov, pleasing, pleasant : fa- a.o<ru, as, = a 
 
 , virtue. 
 fl, ?f, fi, Arete. 
 
 a, as, rt, dear ' A^STJ?. 
 av, TO, joint : article. 
 (/?), j, w, gimblet, borer. 
 os, aw, a', number. 
 
 t7s, j0-, >jS^v, jj/tteyaf, to num- 
 
 her. 
 
 1 ' A/tifTttivis, ov, o, Aristides. 
 d(>iffTii>is, d, ov, left, not right. 
 dgio-ToxgaTia, as, w, aristocracy. 
 
 'AgxaSix, as, n, Arcadia. 
 'A/>xa%it>s, ov, o, an Arcadian. 
 dex<7, it is enough, sufficient, imper- 
 sonal. 
 x<Td, adv. sufficiently, enough. 
 
 es, j, ov, sufficient, IKUVOS, enough. 
 
 (agxTos), as, vi, bear. 
 voa.;, a, o, Arkoudas. 
 (Ital. arma), O.TOS, TO, = aVXav. 
 ovu (aefta), eoffet, unv, eaftivos, 
 to arm, aarX/ : to fit out, as a 
 ship. 
 
 1 ' AgpaTiaXos (ag/xa"), ov, o, one of the 
 Armatoli, who were a body of armed 
 Greeks, employed by the Turks to 
 
 , incalculable, innumerable, 
 improperly used. 
 dppeaffTia, as, fi, = affSivii*. 
 ap puff-res, *!> ov, = icrSivr,;. 
 dppafTu, tis t riffot, to be sick : to fall 
 
 sick. 
 
 a^fftvtxos, v>, ov, male : masculine. 
 'Agra, a;, v>, Arta, a town. 
 "AgTipis, tbos, fi, Artemis, Diana. 
 ug%a7es, a, v, ancient : original : 
 
 primeval. 
 
 afxdgtos, ov, o, novice. 
 , >jj, vi, beginning. 
 XUT' ag%ds, at first. 
 as, ov, o, leader, chief. 
 ;, tens, o, high priest : bishop. 
 , iff*, iffpivos, to begin. 
 .'tirrvs, ov, o, chief robber. 
 
 os, ov, o, chief engineer. 
 ieu, iffa, iffftivos, and 
 
 azxt-rtxTevixv, vs, ri, architecture. 
 a%ofiai t little used, = a%ia. 
 a^ovTas, a, o,=H^uv. 
 
 as, fi, lady : rich woman. 
 
 as, , a nobleman's 
 daughter. 
 ovrofovXev, ov, re, a nobleman's 
 
 defend the mountainous portions of\ a^uv, ovros, o, nobleman, lord : rich 
 most parts of Greece. Their chief- man. 
 
 tain was called xavirdvos, and the as (aQ'.s, uQirifti), let. 106 : 222. 
 district which they defended, xct-nra- \ a<rfii<rTys (aV/Sso-raj), n, o, lime : plas- 
 vdrov or rp^uTdrov. When they \ ter. 
 
 quarrelled with the Turks, they aavSsa-raVsT^a, as, v\, limestone. 
 turned robbers, technically called uo-ifiua, as, it, impiety. 
 KXs^T/j, Klephts. See extract ao-t&vls, is, impious. 
 from Koumas. uffvpivios, a, ov, = a^yvo^ovs . 
 
 u.iyu (dpi^yea), s|, e^Sjjy, syfttvos, x.<rrt[t.i (Am^Mf)i iov, TO, =a^ i yv^os. 
 to milk. i ettrSivua, us, fi, sickness, disease : weak- 
 
 ay, TO, fishing-line. ness. 
 
 t, ov, o, Armyros, a town* 
 u, TO, lamb. 
 
 tTo-ett, r&qv, to deny. 
 agorgov, ov, TO, plough. 
 K^cty^, tjs, ft, seizure : rapine. 
 Kg-rei^u, a|, a'^S^v, ctyftivos, to seize, 
 snatch : to plunder, to take away by 
 force. 
 
 v, ov, rapacious. 
 
 s, tS) sick. 
 ia, as, fi, Asia. 
 ip (Turk.), iov, ro, = 
 teas, fi, practice. 
 
 <r$nv, to salute. 
 , us, t), pitilessness, un- 
 merci fulness. 
 
 os, n, ov, pitiless, unmerciful, 
 merciless. 
 
 adv. unmercifully. 
 
202 a(f f>o 
 
 af, it, whiteness. al-yari^u, and av-yxru, ifu, ie 
 
 iffU, iffSt) 
 
 to whiten. 
 
 (unc.), u, ov, white. 
 ririx*;, *, ov, whitish. 
 
 lyn), ev, i, the morning 
 star, lucifer. 
 vyj, j, fi, morning : brightness. 
 
 do-raxes, ev, o, lobster. ttlyoi (u'oi), ev, re, egg. 
 
 do-rdoi (iffuripav), tov, re, lining of a avyavtrros (Lot. augustus), ou, e, Au- 
 
 garment. gust. 
 
 de-rd^t, tov, ro, = frd%t. ai/Sotitjs, n, e, a forward, bold, or ira- 
 
 d<rri7os, a, ov, witty. pudent person. 
 
 de-rtiuf, adv. wittily. j avSivrn;, ev, o, master, lord : father, 
 
 drr'sgi, lav, re, and local : sir. 
 
 dfrvto, toes, o, star. uuStvria, as, , authority. 
 
 dfTo^ae-ros (ffro^d^cfjLai), t}, gv, indis- avSivnxas, ri, ov, pertaining to a mas- 
 
 creet. ter : suitable for a master : mas- 
 
 dffrgx-rv, vis, , lightning. terly : capital, first-rate. 
 
 dffrp f a.Tofto\ov (do-r(>a<rri, /3AA.d), ov, avA*i, tjs, it, court-yard : court, as of a 
 
 re, = do-r^ofiKixt, xtgavvos* king. 
 
 do-r^dvru, a^a, to lighten : to shine. ctii>,i:, ev, o, fife, flute. 
 
 ao-rgov, ev, ro, = do-rri^. etvZetivot, and 
 
 do-r^<ri\'ixt (-rtXixw; ), tov, ro, = xt- av%dvu, to increase, grow. 1O6. 
 
 uv^nffis, i**s, r), increase : augment. 
 
 re, = dir~r,o. j otvpto, and 
 
 eti, it, police. ' avgtov, adv. to-morrow. 
 
 do-rvv'oftos, ev, o, head of the police : avirrtifd, adv. severely, 
 
 police officer. j etvrws. 64. N. 2. 
 
 drvpipuvas, v, ov, dissonant, at variance. ! etvri (els, ur'os), tav, ro, ear. 
 
 a7!/vT*|/o:, vis, it, disorder, derange- av-rax^xraoixos, , ov, imperial. 
 
 ment. avraxodrvg, oga;, o, emperor, autocrat. 
 
 .s, is, safe, secure. avrovofe.es, ov, independent, politically, 
 
 adv. improperly. a.lro;, n, o, he, she, it : self, very : 
 (do-%v)fi.iHv), n, ov, ugly : un- j this : same. 64 : 163. 
 
 seemly, improper. avrov, adv. there, near Ike ]>erson ad- 
 do-%o).evfAai, itffatt, V&M, vpivos, to be dressed : then. 
 
 occupied, engaged in. With its rev. avrevvev. 64. N. 2. 
 
 urtxvas, n, ov, childless. i *d$, followed by the oblique cases of 
 
 drtXvis, is, imperfect. the article, = dr, dire, 
 
 anptos, n, ev, dishonest: dishonorable. dp/tXo;, = e>upxi>;. 
 
 drue;, ov, o, steam. d$tcviv, trot, irB-riv, tfftivss, to destroy. 
 arotros, ti, ov, absurd : unbecoming, Pass, dQavigeftai, to perish. 
 
 improper. dfivrtis, = etvSivrtts. 
 
 dros (avro's], , o, self. 66. dfivrtxev, ov, ro, master, used by ser- 
 
 -drov, from nouns in a. 42. N. 5. i vants. 
 
 argo/Aos, vt, tv, intrepid. dQivrtxos, = avStvrtxos. 
 
 ar/sura;, n, ov, invulnerable. dQivyetres, r>, ev, and 
 dre-dXt (Ital. acciajo), tov, ro, = rft- aQtvxros, n, ev, inevitable : unavoidable. 
 
 ^ixt. dtptvxrus, adv. inevitably : unavoida- 
 
 r), *s, it, weasel. bly : undoubtedly, peremptorily. 
 
 vis, is, unlucky. a$f,, tis, *, touch, the sense of touch. 
 
 ;/', a;, it, ill luck, misfortune. dQfiftif&ives, n, ev, abstract. 
 
 j/osf, unluckily, unfortun- a^a^ros, vt, ov, incorruptible, 
 
 ately. amoves, tv, abundant. 
 
acptv 
 
 203 
 
 , to leave, let : to per- 
 mit. 1O6. 
 
 KQlOVI, 10V, TO, = OTIOV. 
 
 atpofios, vi t ov, fearless. 
 
 aQoffiovw (dtyoffiou), tufa, u$w, a/twos, 
 
 to devote. 
 a<f>ofiuffis, tug, fi) devotion, as to a 
 
 person. 
 d<pov (oi<p' y), adv. when, after. 
 
 232. 2. 
 dtftovyx^d^ofteti (dxgoeHfAeti), KfSnv, to 
 
 hearken, listen. 
 d$/>iu (dtygos), tffu, to foam. 
 'A./pffixetve;, , ay, African. 
 
 Africa. 
 aj, aw, a', foam, froth. 
 
 s, v, ov, voiceless, dumb : mute. 
 , interj. ah ! oh ! 
 
 at^vaoV., ?, *, flaccidness : weak- 
 ness, feebleness : badness. 
 
 ), t, ay, flaccid : weak, 
 feeble: bad. 
 
 as, ingratitude. 
 , ay, ungrateful. 
 toiu t TO, eel. 
 j, w, a Ariwrf of shell- 
 fish. 
 
 et%vos 
 
 a, a, nn 
 
 iw?, a', Achilles. 
 
 ?)' "* > mist > fo g- 
 , = rftos. 
 
 , to steam, intransitive. 
 'o;), ov, a, = 
 
 (Turk.), ,9v, TO, stable. 
 ,-, n, ov, useless : obsolete. 
 
 atva, a;, fi, barn. 
 s\ for avff. 27. 2. 
 
 i-^id (a-^wj), adv. with energy, force : 
 loud. 
 
 \>s (aTTu, to kindle), tid, v, acrid, 
 sharp, pungent : quick-tempered, 
 irritable, irascible : loud, os voice. 
 lsv%os, n, ov, inanimate. 
 
 ov, immature, unripe, as fruit. 
 
 B. 
 
 ft dropped before ft, 22. W. 3. for v, 
 27. 3. for p, 27. 4. 
 
 uv, /yaj, '^, Babylon. 
 
 >jf , , = //ie preceding. 
 
 TO, 
 
 , adv. and 
 flrfw. deeply. 
 
 adv. by degrees. 
 , ov, o, degree. 
 ovf, TO, depth : profundity. 
 a';, ft, ay, rather deep. 
 
 ;, ov, o, = 
 
 wx, v\9-vv, to deepen. 
 
 tya, to go deep, penetrate into. 
 r, J, deep : profound. 
 
 lvu, used only in composition. For 
 
 its inflection, see Greek Grammars. 
 
 AXw, to put, place: to put on : to 
 
 make, appoint. 1O6. 
 
 Xffiftov, O.TOS, TO, putting : pftsition, 
 
 posture. 
 
 , ov, o, Bhaltos, a place. 
 
 lov, TO, cotton. 
 
 , ov, mechanical, not liberal, as 
 arts. 
 
 tize. 
 
 Snv, if/Aitos, to bap- 
 
 tut, rt, baptizing : baptism. 
 . ttTos, TO, baptism. 
 
 to dye : 
 to temper, as metallic instruments. 
 
 , ov, of barba- 
 rous formation. 
 
 , v, ay, barbarous. 
 , ov, o, a barbarian. 
 aT)jj, VTO;, fi, barbarity. 
 /3^yj), as, fi, large hammer. 
 /, TO, little cask. 
 (Ital. barile), lov, TO, cask, 
 barrel. 
 
 giTos (Pxgu), >7, ay, tiresome. 
 o^iovftttt (fix/iieu), /tffui, '&nv, t/u-ivog, 
 to be tired : to be weary or lazy : 
 to feel reluctant. 106. 
 (Ital. barca), a;, , boat. 
 i'TO'et, Kg, YI, little ftei^xa. 
 s, ovf, TO, weight : load, burden : 
 trouble. 
 
204 
 
 *), ray, TO", dying. 
 
 /y/xj, = iv-ytvixes- 
 /53Ux, y, *, leech. 
 
 to assure : to confirm. 
 , a, sure, certain. 
 
 ft* -rees fiei^eg, I hope you won't /S0sy, a, a', = 
 be offended. /5<x^*, = &KTTU 
 
 wet, t/vSv, vftivos, to make Boi-^iftev 
 heavy, to burden : to oppress, dis- /Sy2X 
 tress : to vex, trouble. Pass. /S*v- fiyalvu, 
 , equivalent to frctoitvpeu. , fcya-vu, -. 
 
 wet, to gravitate. ' fiyivixeg. 
 
 /Sajvy, ?, /, heavy : weighty. 
 
 xeiftvv <rbv fratovv, to try to appear /3/Sawa, a</y. certainly, surely, 
 dignified. 
 
 fiotourr,;, tirog, fi, heaviness : weight : 
 gravity. 
 
 fietffetvi&>, le-et, ieSnv, to-ptiveg, to tor- /3sAa, a|a, to bleat. An onoma- 
 
 ment, torture. topey, 
 
 (ycte-etvav (/SoVaray), ev, Ta, torment, tor- /StXaayea, aray, ra, bleating. 
 
 ture. /3Xay< (/siXawi), <aw, -ra, needle. 
 
 fsotffiKict;, a., o, = /saeavXfwy. /S*Xa/a, ay, , prick with a needle: 
 
 patffiXt'iet, y, fi, kingdom, reign. needleful. 
 
 /3aa-/X<9, ev, re, realm, empire, king- /SfXay/a^w, ao-a, to thread a needle. 
 
 dom. /jXy, ayy, re, arrow, dart. 
 
 Bx0-/X/y, ev, i, Basil. j &ijfut, etreg, re, pace, Step. 
 
 vs, te;, i, king. jSn^ay (/37^), , a, cough. 
 
 j/<r, to reign : to rule over. /Sj^w, |a, to cough. 
 rev. frio., ay, fi, force, violence 
 
 , , tvftives, = ^vu, to set. ry, rapidly. 
 
 ', = Bao-/X./ay. ytti /3/*, forcibly : in hurry, in 
 
 a, a, = /3avX ty, >o,ffi>,iu;. haste, rapidity. 
 
 , i, ov, royal. jUiX/y *i /KIT /3/aty, or ^KETC; 
 
 , t/, a, basil, a pZan^. /S/ay, with great difficulty, with diffi- 
 
 jy, , queen. culty. 
 
 fitting, iui, ti, basis, foundation. A'*?** **> aa-S*j, ao-ptiva;, to force, 
 
 (xtffxot'ivu, a.v, ayd^jy, etftiveg, to fasci- compel : to hasten, hurrj r : to com- 
 nate, bewitch, charm, by the eye. mit a rape, ravish. Pass. /S/a- 
 
 fiaffx&fta, etreg, re, fascination, be- p.ai, to be in haste or hurrv. 
 
 witch ment, charming. /3//ay, a, >, violent, impetuous. 
 
 pxiffrd&s, ev, e, porter, carrier of loads. Bue^ay, ev, e, Bhiaros. 
 (uto-rd^a, a|a, ei%$r>v, evypfves, to hold, pietmxoi, adv. hastily, rapidly. 
 
 hold up : to hold on : to uphold. i fitete-rtxeg, r>, ev, hasty : being in haste. 
 (totffru, ay, = jSaa-ra^w. Pass. /3- ' /3//3x/a^jxj, jy, , library. 
 ffTupeu, to refrain, hold one's self: /3</iX/, ev, re, book, 
 to get hold of, hang on, with ivo /3/yXa (Lat. vigilia), ay, j, watch, a 
 TO. ;j/ce where a guard is kept, 
 
 fitter*, Si, *|<z, to endure, hold out, j fillet (Ital. vite), ay, n, screw. 
 
 last, keep. \ filing (Turk.), *, i, vizer. 
 
 /Saray, ev, fi, bramble : the raspberry j /2/, ev, re, = &eg, ra. 
 
 bush. ! /5/aX/ (Ital. violino), tav, ri, violin. 
 
 /Sar^a^ay, ev, e, frog. i /3/ay, evg, ra, property. 
 
 fioiro-ivov (/SaT/>), aw, ra, brambleberry ? : /S/ay, ai/, a, life, biographicatty : proper- 
 
 With 
 
 haste, bur* 
 
 raspberry. 
 
 ^ii/y, iwy, c, dyer. 
 
 5y, , dye : dye-stuff. 
 
 ty, wealth. 
 
 (aifixreg (in^issextilis), ev, e, bissex- 
 tile : unlucky, as a year. 
 
faro 205 
 
 (Lot. vitis), as, >j, switch, rod, 
 
 ov^Kovu (fiou^xx), uffet, 
 foul, 
 
 twig, fiigya. and 
 
 afiigos, a, ov, hurtful, injurious, per- ftau\u, a; or s7s, txrat, tiftivosi to sink, 
 nicious. /3fvov (fievtes), ov, TO, mountain. 
 
 tts, fi. hurt, harm, injury. 
 
 /AawT<*off, 7, ax, = /3X/3^f. 
 /SXa-TTw, a-v^a, <p$jy, apftbos, to hurt, 
 
 harm, injure. 
 /SXao-ra/va;, rmrf 
 
 /3Aao-Tv<w, to bud, sprout, shoot forth. 
 106. 
 
 j, ow, a, young shoot. 
 
 , ov, blasphemous. 
 j, w, e, Bhlachabhas. 
 /a, y, w, Wallachia, a country. 
 BXa^a^w^a, T, Bhlachochoria. 
 A i //ca, tTaf, TO, look : countenance. 
 
 v, to be- 
 
 make foul : ;>/;. fiougxufAivot, 
 foul, dismal, gloomy. 
 
 j, a, e, butter-seller. 
 , ov, TO, butter. 
 jjo-a, to tinkle, 05 Me ears. 
 , iviru., itSnv, ivp,tvos, to reward, 
 remunerate. 
 
 ;, , = itr-r 
 /a^i/, , to be late. 
 0jMurf{<4 it grows late; 
 s, it is late. 
 /, or fi^otbv (/S^yj), TO, in the 
 
 , to see, behold : to take care of, j evening : this evening, after a verb. 
 
 guard. 1OG'. 
 i<pov, ot/, TO, eyelid. 
 
 199. 
 
 , uffa., affStjv, uffftlvos, to boil, to 
 Vobt (j373;flv\ tov, TO, one of the bo- cook. 
 
 vine species : ox. figagu, atra, to boil, be boiling. 
 
 /So^voj, 97, ov, pertaining to an ox. | figaxi (/3^ax;), /?, TO, breeches : trow- 
 
 xfsaj /So^/vov, beef. sers. 
 
 /3o, its, , loud noise, shout. [ figa%vos (&%*y%os}, 17, ox, hoarse. 
 
 t, as, ft, help, assistance, succor, i fiou%*s, ov, o, rock. 
 l os, ov, o, helper. i /3^$, = ft-r^'t. 
 
 tia-a, jbjv, tiftivos, to help, i jS^poj, ovs, TO, infant, babe, 
 assist, succor. | figs%a>, t%a, d%i)v, iy/*.iva;, to wet, 
 
 /3oA (/3oA, or perhaps Ital. volta), >j, j moisten. Pass, fyixopai, to get 
 
 = ^o^a. wet. 
 
 /3oA/ (/SoAoj, /3oX/j), /ow, TO, bullet, shot, ft^i^ea, t%, to rain, r 
 :, w, o', Volney. /5^/^a, osj, >j, rye. 
 
 /, /o-os, to adopt the opinions $/'&;, = vfieigu. 
 of Voltaire : to be an infidel. ftanrta, = vfyi<ria. 
 
 x/^, and figtfxu, and 
 
 tTgos, av, o, Voltaire. ft^i^vu, = tvgiffxia. 
 
 fiogiag, <x, o, the north wind : Boreas. /Sjovr*?, >Jj, f>, thunder. 
 fifties, , o, northern. /S^ovT&J, ay, *<;*, to thunder : to sound. 
 
 jSoo-xw, Us, ft, pasture : pasture-ground. 
 
 ftofxa-rov^a, j, ?, shepherdess. 
 
 fiorxos, ov, a, shepherd, goatherd, herds- 
 man. 
 
 fiofxu, or fioffxv, as. to pasture, graze, j 
 106. 
 
 /Sowxo'Aoj, ov, S, cowherd. 
 
 Bovxot0-T/, iov, TO, Bucharest, a cl 
 in Wallaclda. 
 
 18 
 
 _ 
 
 5Jj, w, rain. 
 
 j; , n, spring o/" water. 
 as, fi t a little or delightful 
 
 wi^rf, = fay ti- 
 
 TOJ, TO, and 
 
 res, TO, bellowing, roaring, 
 howling. 
 
 , ares, TO, 
 o*. 
 
206 
 
 yia 
 
 j, a, ev, Byzantine. 
 /3t/|* (/tt^**), to suck. 106. 
 /3t/S/2>, r, <VS*j, to-ftivif, to sink. 
 Pass. 0M$4Mf| to sink, intransi- 
 tive. 
 
 -^vi, ov, o, tanner. 
 
 r. 
 
 y inserted before , 21. N. 
 
 before p and %, 2-2. N. 2. for 
 ft, 27. 5. 
 
 yoi$ (), bow vow, of a dog. 
 ', if a, to bark like a dag. 
 to., otTof, TO, barking. 
 j, n, she-ass. 
 
 learned jackass, a title of disrespect ; 
 
 given to the literati, 
 yailaoo; (ytiba;, a kind of Jish called 
 
 also aj), ov, o, jackass. 
 yx^avax, etf, ft, = yx^xoot. 
 
 ' up, tov, TO, ass, the species. 
 = yaSovgat, 
 
 yetiletoe;, or yii'Szoos, = 
 
 * yettfjt.ee, = eCtp.a.. 
 
 ya.Ka., axro;, ro, milk. 
 
 yetXd^ies (yaXarv)}), , fl, blue. 
 
 yetXetvos (yaXnvaj), ij, >, blue, as eyes 
 or cherries. 
 
 ya.\r,vivu> (yaX.ijv>j), tufct, to become 
 serene, calm, still. 
 
 rXA;*8?, ?, , French. 
 
 FaXXe;, ev, e, Frenchman. 
 
 yapfyoi, ov, , bridegroom : son-in- 
 law : brother-in-law, a sister's hus- 
 band. 
 
 yoip;, ev, o, marriage : wedding, nup- 
 tials. 
 
 yei(>yotXi%u, io*a, irB-nv, iffftsra;, to tickle. 
 
 yoira. (Itul. gatta), ;, ft, she-cat. 
 
 ybipa (U$!*), to flay, skin. 1O6- 
 
 y$v*ea (l*^/<w), to undress : strip 
 naked. Pass, ytvrofteti, to put off 
 one's clothes, to undress one's self. 
 
 ysix, = vyiiot. 
 
 ysirtvets, et, o, = yi'tfui. 
 
 a, etg, , female neighbour- 
 iruv, ovt>- ; , o, neighbour. 
 X'iKt (Turk. ?), lov, T, vest, waist 
 coat. 
 
 a, ev, laughable, ridiculous : 
 ludicrous. 
 
 , ;, aret, ciffSvi, ao-pitts, to laugh: 
 to laugh at, ridicule, with r : to 
 cheat, with TO*. 
 
 s, o, laughter. 
 yiftx, = yiZff.it. 
 
 -ros (yifiu), n, o, full. Jfith T>, 
 or vT9 ray. 
 
 iftt, /Vaj, iff$*, to fill, with 
 <rer, or <r re>, sometimes with pti 
 ret : to load, charge, as a gun. 
 ystxar,;, n, a, = let.yova.oits- 
 yiviiar, ev, re, commonly ret yituet, 
 
 beard. 
 
 yiviffH, wj, i), origin. 
 yitiKos, *, , general. 
 ytvixv?, adv. generally. 
 yit*oc.7os, a, et, generous : brave. 
 
 adv. generously : bravely. 
 , etroe, TO, offspring : grain. 
 , tu;, fi, birth. 
 
 a, ev, TO, originality, original 
 genus. 
 yivvu, etg, tiffet, Sr, fjuita;, to beget : 
 
 to bring forth : to lay, as an egg. 
 y'iveff.a.1, = y'mouxi. 
 yiva;, ov;, TO, kind : race, ?$vj, na- 
 
 tion : family : gender. 
 yiooi (yto'oi), adv. soundly : in earnest. 
 ytgiixt, lev, TO, =l'iettl^, 
 y't^es, ev, o, crane. 
 
 ev, 9, old Olympus. 120. 
 N. 2. 
 yioavrtts, a, o, = yifvv. 
 
 ov, o, = yigvr. 
 os (vyittgos), , ot, = vyivis. 
 uv, OVTOS, o, old man : an elder. 
 aTes, TO, dinner. 
 t^a, iffet, to dine. 
 yivoftxi, iv$ts>, to taste. 
 
 vp (yiQvoi), tev, re, bridge. 
 
 , ev, e, geometer, geometri- 
 cian. 
 
 7?, ?s< *, earth : land : ground. 
 *y', con/. == n, or. 
 yr,ca.^u (yueaiffxu), ufftt, to grow old : 
 
 to be old, in the aorist. 
 ytd, prep. = J/. 1 7. N. 3. 
 yid (Ital. gia), adv. just. 
 
207 
 
 yvvct 
 
 yittlvu (Juyitt'tvu), tyietvot, to get well, 
 
 recover, 
 yietXos, = ctiytetlef. 
 Yieiwva, ru, t = 'Iu 
 
 i, adv. = ^letTi 
 
 ytiot, (", aiyos), a?, fl, she-goat. 
 yfii, lav, re, goat. 
 
 , to become '. to be : to be made. 
 106. 
 
 yiftx, yivftit. 
 
 Yusuf, that is, Joseph. 
 
 oi, adv. = lyx.vcodiKX.iii. 
 oigbiotxos, = lyxatgdiecxog. 
 u.^u, tret or <|, to bray like an ass. 
 Koio-fAct, a>ros, TO, braying. 
 
 > t and 
 
 , ov, o, gull. 
 
 ^v. 
 
 iu), adv. quickly : 
 
 , n, v, quick, swift, fast. 
 a, (yXiffrg&i), Kf, fi t = a 
 
 O' fiXo 
 
 y\vx, adv. sweetly. 
 
 yXvxos (yl-vxvs), rt, v, sweet : fresh, 
 
 not salt, as water. 
 ylvxavTffiJcos, , ov, sweetish. 
 yXvxvTvs, wros, fi, sweetness. 
 yXvo"Trioi (xXvffTvip) , iov, T$, clyster. 
 
 , uffoi, wuivas, to de- 
 
 liver from, save from. With a.-ro 
 
 vov. 
 
 \uffffct t vis, ft, tongue : language. 
 Xuffirixas, v, ov, of language, per- 
 
 taining to language. 
 viB-u (vSt>), tffa,, iffS-nv, tffftivas> to 
 
 spin. 
 
 vvffuf, a, v, genuine. 
 pn, $, fi, opinion : mind, under- 
 
 standing, intelligence, sense : maxim 
 iiret, <V3, ifffjctvas, to know 
 
 to understand, have a knowledge of 
 
 to be skilled in, with &-TO T'OV : to 
 
 recognise. 
 
 (yvugiptoi), {, ft, acquaint- 
 . 
 
 os, 6, impostor. 
 (ftal. galleotta?), a?, fi, schoon- 
 
 yovoc, (yovv), OITOS, ri, knee. 
 
 mTiea, iffot, oruttos, to kneel : to 
 make one kneel. 
 yoviTs, iuv, 01, parents. 
 os, ou, o, parent. 
 yes, vi, ov, yXriyooot . 
 yavSi (Jybvi), iov, TO, mortar. 
 yavgavvi (Lat. grunnio), tov t TO, = 
 
 ypouot, us, ft, old woman. 
 
 17, ov, 
 cs, ov, o, = C/ EAX!V. 
 
 , CLTOS, TO, letter : epistle : 
 learning, literature, in the plural. 
 , TO, billet, note. 
 
 iuf, o, secretary. 
 , ;, fi, grammar. 
 os, r,, ov, learned. 
 i, ??, fi, letter, epistle, yoja.fAfjt.ai. : 
 Scripture. 
 
 >ct, a$Sw or aQnv, etftfiivos, 
 to write. 
 yp^oi^ifAov, etTos, <ro, writing : hand- 
 
 writing. 
 
 y^Kj a? , fi, = y^ttltt. 
 yojxn (Turk."), iou, TO, piaster, a Turk- 
 ish coin. 
 
 yvot\'i (vx\of\ lev, TO, glass. 
 yuioxet;, a, o, dear yvio;. 
 yuiof, = vlof. 
 
 yi'iovoi (yuiei), TO, dear son. 
 
 euroi, a,o-nv, OHT/U.IVOS, to exer- 
 
 cise, drill. Pass, yuftva^oftat, to 
 exercise one's self, or simply to ex- 
 ercise. 
 
 yvftvoio'iKO'giis, ov, o, gymnssiarch. 
 yvpveiffiov, ov, TO, exercise, drilling : 
 
 gymnasium. 
 yvfjtv'ovu (yvpv'ou), uffcc, uSnv, uftive;, 
 
 to strip naked. 
 yvftvas, 17, ev, naked. 
 
 if, r t , nakedness. 
 ixet, us, fi, = yvvy. 
 tixtTffx, us, fi, little or dear yv- 
 
yvgt 
 
 208 
 
 yvgtvyv, and | JnX/, KS, fi, cowardice. 
 
 yvfivu, iue, t i&*y, ivpivos, = *jT7. | SE/A/VO'V, 0w, TO, afternoon : the after- 
 
 /o-os, iffSt]*, to-pt'svos, to j noon luncheon. 
 
 turn, turn about, carry about : to I JXo;, r t , ov, timid, cowardly, 
 return, ino-T^. j $t<Aa;, at/, o'. coward. 
 
 /O-JK, to return, ina-r^ i$<* : to eVva, />r<w. 73 : 155. S. 
 go or turn around, with rot. > o*/o, , o, deeply versed in. W&A 
 
 it; Toy. 
 
 $?!/*, toy;, , demonstration. 
 2fJVyoi>, eu, TO, supper. 
 
 6V, 0, = Xl/xA0f . $IITHV, l7{, t)ffCt, to SUp. 
 
 f'*f, , o', Ghyphtakes, fAe dimin- \iKr&.ip.o*'ut, j, , superstition. 
 utive of liKriba.'ift.ea'ii, o, superstitious. 
 
 n, e', Ghyphtes. 
 yt/i/', i/roy, 0, vulture. 
 yv-^ts, eu, o, gypsum. 
 yui'ia., as, ft, angle, corner. 
 
 to lean on one side, bend : 
 stoop. 106. 
 
 A. 
 
 to show, 
 ten. 
 
 *ia, nineteen. 
 ;, sixteen. 
 rT, seventeen. 
 trv, eighteen. 
 Sxfl6TvTa^/0{, ft, fifteen. 
 
 (5J?), prithee, come now, a parti- ^otee-rivri, fifteen. 
 lie of endearment. tariff ira^s, *, fourteen, 
 
 etavaj, , o, = follou'ing. 34. 1. ^xorraf, r, a, tenth. 
 uuv t evos, 0, devil. ! $x*T;>, ict, thirteen. 
 
 ^t0>, v, rt, tear. j tmtft^is (Lot. december), ov, o, De- 
 
 .ojtu, vo-et, to weep, shed tears. cember. 
 
 .<rv\ibt, iev, TO, ring for the finger. $' (oi3f), adv. not. ( 243 - 248.) 
 Tt/Xo, ot/, TO, finger : inch. Jiv^ay, oi/, T0, tree : oak. 
 
 , TO, =.the jrreceding. 
 , trot, i&r,v, luitos, to bind, 
 fasten, tie. 
 
 tof, a, v, right, not left. 
 iurts, tus, r,, kind reception, recep- 
 tion. 
 w (TwrAr), iv, TO, pass, road: 
 
 0y, ov, 0, finger : iuch : dactyle. 
 i, as, fi, heifer, 
 j, /w, TO, steer. 
 $etftaffxt>*ov, ov, TO, plum. 
 
 yO), /a-x, tifS-nv, it r piief, to land. , 
 Pwss. Jjmt/^a^aw, to borrow. 
 xof, , , borrowed, on trust. 
 >t/ov, ov, TO, loan. 
 
 the guard defending a pass. 
 P.O., etres, TO, skin, hide. 
 
 , to whip, flog, beat : 
 to bastinado. 1O6. 
 
 A/Xi;, v, o, Daniel. 
 5, 0', beating. 
 
 fA., 0, Teacher Gabriel. oW^caV, ov, 0, bond. 
 12O N. 2. $t/Ti, $, , Monday. 
 
 a0 > xX.a<raya^'/<tfT^;, >j, o, Teacher 
 Panaghiotes. 12O. N. 2. 
 
 ot'0-0?, ot/j, TO, thicket, forest, wood. 
 0-i/f, ?, w, thick, dense, close, rv- 
 
 , to repeat. 
 
 ?a;, a, v, second. 
 
 mi, f%Sr,, tyftivos, to receive. 
 
 iif, ad i'. that is. 
 
 7s, Ufa, r3->;, to make 
 
 i (JwX0;), <ot/, TO, brand, firebrand. known, notify. 
 9, m, rt, bay, a tree- 
 i, conj. and : but. 252. 
 
 OtiXTU, = ^/ 
 
 la., as, {), harangue, speech. 
 
 , av, 0, democrat. 
 i'a, a;, , democracy. 
 
dr]f.io 
 
 209 
 
 die 
 
 infjt,ax,pa,<rtKos, ?, av, democratic. 
 ^vptofHvu, tufa., i/S7v, ti>ju.ivos, to pub- 
 
 lish. 
 
 fcqKMTMf, a, ov, public. 
 '. ;ire/>. 192: 201. 
 
 et.irp.vos, = dvu,yivcitfx.u. 
 
 (/Sa/vw), to p'iss : pass through. 
 106. 
 
 2<j3fl6rjj, aw, , traveller, passenger. 
 ^ia.$oXix'o$, , 0v, diabolical, devilish. 
 ^itt$i>Xiffffu, uf, ft, she-devil. 
 $/a/8oA.eVewXv, aw, Ta, young devil. 
 J;'/3Xj, at/, o, devil. 
 
 T/ S/at/JaXa ; what the devil ? 
 J/aS^s^as* ($i%opxi), to succeed. 
 J/atS/Sw ($<$), to spread, as a report. 
 5/oW/?, fj, , diffusion. 
 j, aw, a, successor. 
 j, ?, , will, testament. 
 ffis, tai, fi, division. 
 iTia;, ov, o, dividend. 
 T>7;, aw, a', divisor. 
 
 ;ao<), $?$, >7ir, sd')jy, xftivc;, to 
 divide : to partition. 
 oiaiTXf ?];, fi, diet. 
 A<**$jey/j>., a', Deacon Daniel. 120. 
 
 N. 2. 
 
 ^iKKivo; t av, a, deacon. 
 ^letxovra (xa<TTa>), interrupt. 
 ^idx,a;, ov, a, = 2/*avaf. 
 Ajaxa;, at/, o, Diakos, a captain. 
 !MMUM, a/, a, two hundred. 
 ^/ax'/e-/oa-Te5, ?, ev, two hundredth. 
 'Sixxtiva (xg'ivu), to distinguish from, 
 determine ' discern. Wi//* <r ran. 
 
 jj, w, a, = 'Icixwfios- 
 iyu (X'tyu), to select, pick, choose. 
 ;, >j, ov, select, choice, picked. 
 ?, aw, , dialect : language, 
 
 <pt<w C<p ? w), to differ. With rev, 
 or KTO rev. 
 
 (<pSs/^), to corrupt. 
 y, , difference. 
 v*oj, , av, and 
 
 , a, different : various. With 
 rev, or d<ro rav. 
 / {Turk.}, tea, ra, divan. 
 eucrf,s, aw, a, preacher. 
 j, t, ev, didactic. 
 /xsf, ;, av, pertaining to a Ji- 
 
 , aw, a, teacher, instructer. 
 aa-**/, to teach, instruct. With rov 
 Ta'v, or ray v. 
 u/jtos, ev, twin. 
 
 (2^^f), to give : to sell. J^A 
 ray Ta'y, or / ray. 
 
 Wf, aw, a, interpreter. 
 wvw (tw3wyy), to direct. 
 o-ts, teuf, , narration, relation. 
 
 (Ta-ut, ifS^y, to narrate, re- 
 late. 
 Siyyuvretf, participle = linyovptvos, fit 
 
 ay, from the preceding. 
 dixetiov, aw, TO, right. 
 Sixaiost ,, ay, just. 
 ^ixatoffvvri, ns, , justice. 
 $<xao-T<4v, aw, ra, tribunal. 
 
 j $iXOf t = t$l*0f. 
 
 \ lixrttru^ia. (Lot. dictator), as, w, dic- 
 
 tature, dictatorship. 
 S/xrway, aw, ra, net. 
 : S/yo,, = W. 
 $<a, cow;. = a'Sjy, therefore. 
 
 (a/xiw), t?f, a-, r'S?jv, to govern, 
 manage. 
 
 , aw?, a, Diomede. 
 
 'os (ojyatvay), av, a, organiza- 
 tion. 
 
 ff, w, a. 
 
 .^ (a^cra^w), to sack, plunder. 
 $ciu (ffxibd^u), afu, cttrSyv 
 itos, to scatter about. 
 S/aa-Tj/eta, araj, TO, distance : space. 
 , to pervert. 
 
 , , correction. 
 a, corrector. 
 
 to 
 
 vaj, to order : to instruct. 
 trnou (rtiga), to preserve. 
 <ri ($i* T/), nrf. why : because, for, 
 ^ar/. 
 
 18* 
 
 appoint, commission. 
 A<aj, from Zivs. 
 ^i-rXovea (5<TXa&), &/, 
 
 to double, fold. 
 
 ;, , oi/v, double. 
 w. twice. JFt/A raw. 
 
, mid 
 
 <W 210 
 
 ), iev, re, saddle-bags. 
 
 , ev, o, disk : a flat circular me- 
 tallic plate tixed in churches, say a 
 contribution box. 
 reg, r,, at, double, two. 
 
 otcta, a.;, r,, dissension. 
 
 ri, iev, re, = ^ixruev. 
 
 eu, o, and 
 
 etres, e, dragon. 
 T;, T, play, drama. 
 
 nf, , drachma, a coin. 
 
 iov, re, and 
 v, oy, T, sickle. 
 ev, o, way, road. 
 
 f , n^as, = T^AT. 
 j, , v, end 
 , ei, o>, dewy : cool, refreshing. 
 
 fresh. 
 s, tv, , dew. 
 
 ,-, ft, thirst. 
 
 a;, a.o-0,, atrpitt;, to thirst, be 
 thirsty : to thirst for. With rev, or 
 
 ^iet ret. j aoatri^u, iffet, ie~Sr,t, iffftino;, to cool, re- 
 
 Mr, a very fashionable form, = ftu, 
 from /SXe-rw. 
 
 a, uxr,v, Aty/tive;, to drive %C*etft,eti, i^vvfty, ibv*r,r,v, Greek, = 
 away or out : to beat off. tip-re^u. 
 
 v%*u, = $iuxu. 3i'&ftv, *is, ft, and 
 
 yptt, tires, TO, tenet, dogma. 2v>a/u<;, tu;, , strength, power, force. 
 
 xipu^u, ttffit, do~Bn*, affftives, to try, ovvetftere*, tvffec, <^S>)v, &ptirtf, to 
 examine, prove : to endure, suffer, strengthen, 
 
 undergo. JWVTO'J, rt, , possible : strong. 
 
 tis, , trial, examination, proof. lvo t two. 149. 3. 
 
 , v, er, distinguished, of merit, Ive-etate-ru, tis, vrtt, r'Sr;>, vpivos, to 
 
 approved. 
 
 Xtoo;, ei, on, crafty, deceitful. 
 
 Ufa., a>B-r,i, etf&ivas, to bait. 
 
 r, ot;, ', craft, cunning, wile, de- body : the west. 
 
 displease. 
 vrt, tit, it, and 
 
 IMS, *:, setting, as of a celestial 
 
 ceit. 
 
 , t/Sv, to find it difficult : 
 to be reluctant. 
 xaXiB, a,;, , difficulty. 
 -x0X0;. , a>, difficult. 
 -TJ/^>}f, is, unfortunate, wretched. 
 rv%i*, *$, , misfortune, calamity. 
 Tv%ii, tig, nfoi, irftiies, to be unfor- 
 
 , ttra;, rt, bait. 
 obevs), lev, TO, tooth. 
 "ft . glory : opinion. 
 1*1* rei e Si'es, glory be to God, 
 thank God. 
 
 artt, o-ffS-r,*, etffft&res, to glori- 
 fy : to believe, to believe in, to tunate, to meet with adversity, 
 think. With <ro. Svo-woVa, ;, , stench. 
 
 , western. 
 
 t/o-, to set, as a celestial body. 
 twelve. 
 , rj, and 
 
 Jy, , the number twelve. 
 /, ay, , servitude : work, busi- Zulixoiras, *, o, twelfth, 
 ness : affair. lufm, etrs, r, terrace, flat roof. 
 
 , tut, in, service, serving. \ ^ueiei, ;, , and 
 
 tve-o., ivSr,v, iv/uifvo;, to work, 5^o, ev, TO, present, gift, 
 labor : to serve : to belabor. 
 
 ofet, ev, i, one of the body-guard : 
 satellite. 
 
 ^), ara?, TO, = ^fj, tax. 
 
 wX, it;, , maid-servant. 
 Xcv (devXou), verct, 
 subjugate. 
 
 w, , servant 
 
 to 
 
 E. 
 
 t jn-efixed to words, 1 9. N. annexed 
 to words, 23. N. 1,2. for I and 
 
211 
 
 O, 27. 6. 
 
 -t, Jeminines in, 35. 
 i, interj. eh ! 
 lav, cow/, if : although, suppose, grant. 
 
 iu.v xx'i, although. 
 iasuTetJ, v, self. 67. 
 
 s^jSaXXw), to put out or off, 
 take out. 106. 
 
 (ixfiot'iva), to go or come out. 
 106. 
 
 s^oy, ^, week. 
 
 , seventy. 
 /ttof, >j, av, seventh. 
 aet7os, ov, o, Jew. 
 
 i&> *%*, ix,$w t typivosi to touch. 
 m.'rix.os, 4, ev, touching : biting, 
 
 , araj, ra, touch. 
 tyyovn, y, ^, granddaughter. 
 tyytvos, ev, o, grandson. 
 iyyi/xTvs, ov, a, and 
 iyyvrris, *, o, one who gives bail or se- 
 
 curity : guarantee. 
 lyxtt^ixxoi, adv. cordially, heartily. 
 iyx^ia.xas (lyxa^/ay), , ev, cordial, 
 
 hearty. 
 tyi<f>etXes, eu, a, brain. 
 
 as, fi, temperance. 
 , Kffot, eirSnv, afffciveg, to 
 praise, laud. 
 
 xupiov, ou, TO, praise, encomium. 
 [W9IK. 
 
 ug, ri, = Ei'^/<raf. 
 t " tffSnv, ifffJtivest to hand 
 
 over, to hand. 
 iy, I. 64. 
 l^ixo's (7S/aj), , a, own. 69. 
 
 idixa;, ou, o, = ffuyytvri;. 
 
 ibu (%i), adv. here. 
 
 iS-nxas, vi t ov, national : heathen. 
 
 i&tifffAss, ou, o, nationality. 
 
 i'Svaj, OL>S, TO, nation. 
 
 J'Sas, ovs, TO, custom, habit. 
 
 tut, vi, news, intelligence : 
 
 *', *. tweftyV 
 twenty. \L /%. 
 
 tixuv, ovof, vi, image : picture, likeness, 
 portrait. 
 
 t&U/yt<, etf, vi, sincerity. 
 
 ti>.ixgws, is, sincere. 
 
 iHfAoti, to be : to belong to, with rev. 
 106. 
 
 tigviftivos, vi, ov, said : aforesaid, above- 
 mentioned. 
 
 tig'Sivy, *>s, v>, peace. 
 
 ttgrtvo-roiu, t7s, *jo-, to pacify. 
 
 <?, prep. 2O1. 
 
 ilau.yu (eiyu), a^a, cc%Snv, etyfttvos, to 
 
 introduce, 
 i /, prep. = its. 
 ilo-obos, ev, fi, entrance. 
 ?T, cory. whether, or. 
 l, prep. 1 92. 
 lixarres, n, ev, = xa&i, every. 
 
 xetS' Ixeiffrnv, daily, every day. 
 ixarov, hundred. 
 
 is, ties, V, century. 
 , adv. hundred times. 
 > >5f fi, one hundred. 
 os, n, ev, hundredth. 
 
 , to edit. 
 
 tus, vi, vengeance : revenge. 
 ;, vi, edition. 
 ix^vvu, viret, i>S-r,v, Vftivos, = y^uvu. 
 Ixs7, adv. there. 
 
 ixi7 6irov, as, while, when, \VM. 
 Ixt'tSiv, adv. thence, from that place. 
 ixi7vos, v, o, that : he, she, it. 72 : 
 
 172. 
 
 * ix.net, el, o, = the preceding. 
 fxxXno-'ia, etf, fi, church. 
 
 os, n, ov, ecclesiastical. 
 a/), to select, choose: to 
 elect. 
 
 *.n-4<is, teas, vi, eclipse. 
 ovffiws adv. willingly, voluntarily. 
 uu (jpnyvvu), n%, ciyqv, to break 
 
 knowledge. 
 oreiu f i7s, 
 
 v, riftivos, to in- 
 
 form. With <ro T. 
 a,-, auj, T, species. 
 t, m/er;'. O that ! 
 ovat, a,f, fi, = ttxuv. 
 
 av (o-TfV/j), aw, TO, nicne. 
 
 out. 
 
 Xa>, t7s, tffet, i3v, to-ftivos, 
 
 to perform, do : to fulfil, 
 UW?, adv. without : except : besides. 
 
 With rov. 
 ?A, UTI, come. 106. 
 
 Ua/, a.s, it, olive : mole, on the skin. 
 
212 
 
 &), ou, TO, olive oil 
 
 eu, e, pne. 
 
 .ux, ttras, ra, defect, fault. 
 /, /aw, TB, deer. 
 
 ;, at/, , stag : i) i^ct<t>o;, hind. 
 T^at (rfT), <, , pumice 
 iXet<f>oo's, , y, light, not heavy. 
 'Ex/s<r/aj, aw, , Helvetius. 
 
 rgaff&ei, adv. before, in the presence 
 of: in comparison with. With rtu t 
 or ti; ret. 
 
 adv. before. 
 
 cuse : to convict. 
 fiftae-vtn, rt, fi, alms : charity. 
 , ev;, ra, mercy, pity : alms, 
 vvv), charity. 
 eti, fi, liberty. 
 
 foetv, ufftz, fciS^v, up'ites, to free, 
 liberate, deliver. 
 iv&iges, et, et, free : unmarried. 
 5, ev, o, liberator. 
 ;, fi, coming, arrival. 
 \Xivrtoo;, et, at, - 
 
 to pity, 
 
 , n, et, animated. 
 
 -.trie*, tidv- against, opposite, con- 
 trary to. With rev, or il; ret. 
 tvxyTiaveftau, toSnv, to oppose. 
 
 to ac- j ttectries, , at, opposite, opposed to, 
 contrary. With rev, or ils ret. 
 If- ittttrtets, on the contrary. 
 >ay ro itettriat, on the contrary, 
 parejitheticnlly. 
 '.;, piet, ivet, one : a, an. 58 : 
 
 >rf, , elephant. 
 <^, t?;, )-ae, 
 have merc on. 
 
 149. 
 
 / /*<;, at once. 
 $*, eleven. 
 ivStxa-ra;, >, a, eleventh. 
 l5/SiT/j, ado. inwardly, internally, 
 
 mentally. 
 fJa|y, n, et, glorious, illustrious. 
 
 X/a, c, , = a. 
 'ExXaj, Say, , Greece. 
 "EAX, >jyaf, , a Greek, Grecian. 
 *f, , o, Greek, Grecian. 
 f, </j, , deficiency, want. 
 /&, i0-, to hope. 
 r/y, /Jj, , hope. 
 
 ;, aw, , ="OXw,a'rf. 
 aD, 67. N. 2. 
 
 u (Qairu), to enter, to go or 
 come in. 
 
 ttros, -ra, entrance, itirobos. 
 v, mediate. 
 
 in passing, 
 
 ras, TO, garment, 
 
 vyu (Syvw), vo-m, v&r>t, uftive;, to 
 clothe, dress. Pass, ivtvtefteii, to 
 put on, clothe one's self with ; with 
 Tet. 
 
 beivu (tbotinu}, to lie in wait. 
 *ppuva (Setffvtei), in*, vt&m, to en- 
 courage. 
 
 cw<n, ae-et, ar$it t af/tittf, to 
 render enthusiastic. 
 i^u, tret, to remind. 
 
 i, t7e-xi or ete-eu, j^, to re- 
 member, recollect. 
 
 n, , = 
 , = tftfietivu. 
 
 tfjt,<ra.oa&ef ($ croc5), 
 
 incidt-ntally. 
 ffivrtiots, , skilled in. 
 
 >j, to thrust in, fix in or on : to set 
 in the ground. 
 
 To%iei>, wot, ir&nr, iffftivs;, to hinder, 
 impede, prevent : to forbid. 
 
 eu, re, commerce. 
 , ev, i, merchant. 
 
 , and 
 
 triers, adv. = Karen. 
 twetref, r., et, ninth. 
 iyvsa, nine. 
 
 , n, et, ninetieth. 
 
 tyyv>?yr, ninety. 
 i, = ittiet* 
 ia, us, , idea, thought : meaning, 
 sense, signification : care. 
 ttteiet fev, care not. 
 
 (ittent), it concerns, 
 With rat. 
 
 Iteixiet, eu, re, house-rent. 
 itetes, = tevtes. 
 
 itetu, u<ret, iwSny, ufAives, to unite. 
 itere* (it aV*v), adv. as long as : while, 
 at the time when. 
 
213 
 
 ivo%*.tiffti, jj, ft, and 
 ivo%\n<ris, tevs, ft, vexation. 
 
 f, 3-jv, Mf&ivogy to trouble, 
 
 ivof, to destroy utterly. 
 
 , leaf, ti, confession. 
 
 tls TO I???, henceforth, for the fu- 
 ture : xeci ret t%ns, and so forth. 
 <;, t*>s, v, habit. 
 ffnoa^u, vex, plague. ' i%io-ev, adv. equally. 
 
 rctvru (Iv rctvru), adv. at the same \\voivu (o'^oj), IVTU, ivSyv, ivpivos, to 
 time. spend. 
 
 iof, a, ov, sepulchral, funeral. t|5ov, TO, generally ret t%o$ct, expenses. 
 
 \vrt\v;, if, complete, perfect. 
 IvnXuf, adv. completely, perfectly. 
 
 IVTV, OV, TO, gUt. 
 
 i*To'j, adv. within. With rov. 
 
 ivroffStet, uv, ret, intestines, bowels, w/tttvoj, to confess, to hear the confes- 
 
 entrails. sion of a sinner, as a priest- Pass, 
 
 ivrgivrepxi, to be ashamed of : to be s^fAo^oyeuftai, to confess, acknowl- 
 
 bashf'ul. With rov. edge one's sins to a confessor. 
 
 ivTgo7ct*.os, v, ov, bashful, modest, /, as, , exile, banishment. 
 
 diffident. l%ogi/u (a^/^w), to-tc, la-Sw, to-ftivof, to 
 
 Ivr^ovK, JJj, v>, bashfulness : shame. exile, banish. 
 
 IvrgoTTici^u, ao-a, 'o-S>jv, eto-ftivog, to t%ovffict, aj, fi, power, authority. 
 
 shame, disgrace : to dishonor. *% 9 X** %s> country, not town or city, 
 
 ivu (Jy <J), adv. while. xetr \\x,^ by way of excellence, 
 
 ivugis (Iv, uget), adv. early in the even- \ par excellence. 
 
 ng. 
 
 !, prep. = ix. 
 *', six. 
 
 l%etyof>ol (ayo^a), ;, , ransom. 
 s, ius, vt t exception. 
 , crfy. excellently, finely. 
 f, , v, excellent, fine, choice. 
 u (a'tgiu), e/V, if a, iSj, vpivof, to 
 except. 
 
 axo^a/, a/, a, six hundred. 
 axoffio<r<T6s, , ov, six hundredth. 
 avXovu (a-rXtfvw), unfold : stretch : 
 spread, propagate. 
 oi^rufjt.eii (ecgrciu), xffai, ri$r,v, 
 to depend upon. With u-ro rev. 
 , adv. suddenly. 
 rom i&ya.ivu. 
 
 ru, affa. or |, a-S>jv, 
 to examine. 
 retffi;, tea;, fi t examination. 
 
 , tjros, fi, Excellenc)', a title 
 most commonly given to physicians. 
 wigct>, iff et, io-Sqv, iffftivaf, = i^ufvu. 
 ifves, , ev, awake. 
 rvu (t/Vva?), f, <ra, vpivof, to 
 awake, wake. 
 
 >, adv. out : outside, without. With 
 <rav, or otvro <ro. 
 
 a.v' t%ea, by heart. 
 j tegrugu, ctfftt, atrS-w, Kffftivas, to cele- 
 brate a church -feast. 
 
 ?, , church-feast. 
 
 \ 
 profess. 
 
 to 
 
 , = |, six. 
 
 ymris, teat, , explanation, exposition. 
 
 y^iTris, ov, o, commentator. 
 
 to explain, expound. Pass. IZwyca- 
 fteti, also to express one's self. 
 
 i%xo<rros, -n, ov, sixtieth. 
 
 i5jvT, sixty. 
 
 t%nst u do. used only in the expressions, 
 
 , ceres, TO, profession. 
 
 I-TKIVOS, ov, o, praise. 
 
 Ivroitva (ethic*), f7f, iffot, i&xv, iptvos, 
 to praise. Pass, lva.ivoup.tti, also to 
 pride one's self upon, with tis TO'V. 
 
 1-ira.xovta (ot*oveii), to hear, as a prayer. 
 
 l<rava\a / u,a.vu (Xa^Wiw), to repeat. 
 
 cryX'v^/f, ii/s, , repetition. 
 
 iwoiviiffrotffis, tut, ft, insurrection. 
 
 ivavu, adv. up : above. With TOW, or 
 
 (/; Toy. 
 
 "E^a^Toj, ov, o Nasw-raxTOf . 
 !*/$>?, conj. since, because, inasmuch 
 
 as. 
 t'Tttret, adv. then, thereupon, directly 
 
 after, afterwards : moreover. 
 
214 
 
 In', ;>r<7>. upon, little used. With raw, 
 
 or ray. 
 T) 
 of. 
 
 ia rev, in the presence 
 
 , to plot 
 
 fi t iau, TO, ond 
 ^a, at>, ra, shop. 
 , at/, a, workman, laborer. 
 at/, TC, work, deed. 
 tos<V<a>, at;, ra, ruins. 
 
 is, is, lucrative. 
 
 diction. 
 
 ;, n, government, juris- 
 
 I rix.ga.ru (*), t7s, wrat, to prevail. 
 
 against, to have a plan against. i ioiwu, as, mrx, to examine, inquire. 
 
 i$iT<*af, *, ay, susceptible of. With iavp'iet, as, fi, wilderness, desert : dese- 
 rt'' lation : loneliness, solitude. 
 
 iet, as, n, desire, wish. !*/*$, n, ay, desert, wild, uninhabited : 
 
 iS-i/fAu (St^ttaf), i7y, , to desire, unhappy, ill-fated, in poetry. 
 wish. ig*fits, ou, fi, desert. 
 
 ioipuv, av, ra, kid. 
 
 iopr^tvu, tvret, st/Sjjy, tw/cttyaf, to ex- 
 plain, interpret : to instruct, teach, 
 direct. With r ra>. 
 c E*5f, ai/, a, Hermes, Mercury. 
 
 io%f*.ai, to come. 1O6. 
 ta%eft,; (j(o%af<ti), at/, a, arrival. 
 ieu{, urc;, a, and 
 
 terras, , a, love, the passion of love : 
 * Cupid. 
 
 P<r7i, if, prone to. With tis T. \^uru, a;, no-a, >jS>}y, np.ii>!, to ques- 
 , T, adverb. tion, ask. 
 
 -is, masculine in, 35. 
 but, 64. 
 
 rtjas, *f, , evening. 
 
 rig*?, adv. in the evening, as #9*? 
 
 ra <rrff, last evening. 
 
 , at, a, western. 
 a-w, thou. 64. 
 retinas, adv. recently, lately. 
 <r&>r(4xa;, r,, av, interior ' internal. 
 rtno-ias, a, a, annual, yearly. 
 
 to sanction, ratify. 
 
 as, r,, diligence, industry' 
 ti (^U&.), titrtti, 
 to take care of : to be diligent. 
 With ra,. 
 
 ?, , perseverance 
 
 t>, ', bishop. 
 w, o, superintendent. 
 f, a v, intimate. 
 lr<o-T5S<9;, bosom friend. 
 if, , science ; knowledge. 
 Mfi i, v, scientific. 
 (-Tf/^fti) t to base. 
 i, j, , epistle, letter. 
 TjEfw), to return. 
 , , return. 
 
 (!/ raw at/7-flD), arfy. on 
 purpose, expressly. 
 
 i a, a, skilful, expert, adroit, 
 dexterous : suitable, proper. 
 
 sa, 0,9-0,, irr,*, eurp-'ivas, to pre- 
 pare, make ready. 
 
 ffio, ets, i preparation. 
 , n, a, ready : prompt. 
 
 (tTi <ri wX/o-Ty), adv. ] iraj, ai/f, ra, year, 
 o/j/y in /Ae expression *>t ixwr\.i7- 
 rrav, for the most part, 
 f, at/, a, trustee. 
 
 (*ff) ; '^' and 
 i7;, na-, to undertake, to at- 
 
 tempt. 
 
 i***;, adv. next, after that. 
 seven. 
 
 **-/'-/, /, , seven hundred. 
 (%/u.iffv), seven and a half. 
 , i/*y*a-Sjy, to work, labor. 
 ay, re, instrument, tool. 
 
 irn (/fa/, eziam?), ady. =: evrwf. 
 tvetyyiXiav, v, T^, gospel : evangelis- 
 tar. 
 
 , , , senstve. 
 f/i/er/. well done ! bravo ! 
 tv*/tvuet, ?, , nobleness : gentlemanly 
 conduct. 
 
 , tf, noble. 
 
 s, at/j, a, gentleman : nobleman. 
 yMiot, as, ri, nobility, French no- 
 blesse, 05 a fi'4/e of resect. 
 
 as, , av, gentlemanly : noble, 
 
 
215 
 
 as, ft, eloquence. 
 oS) n, ov, eloquent. 
 , ev, o, benefactor. 
 , adv. cheaply. 
 ia, aj, fi, plenty : cheapness. 
 s (tvSnvts}, ft, ev, cheap. 
 itio;, 0v, a, Euthymios. 
 vi, adv. immediately, directly. 
 
 tv&vs e-rev, or iv&vs xaSvs, as 
 soon as. 232. 2. 
 
 j, f>, opportunity : occasion. 
 
 vaj, to empty, evacuate. 
 tvxaipps, , uv, empty. 
 tvxaigv, i?;, ^<r, to be at leisure. 
 lixaratfraTaf, n, ev, being in good cir- 
 cumstances, having a considerable 
 amount of property. 
 ivxoKa, adv. easily : readily. 
 ia, a.;, it, ease, facility. 
 v, ev, easy. 
 
 , wet, vvS-qv, to facilitate. 
 s, adv. easily, with facility. 
 x, as, fi, veneration, reverence. 
 f, is, religiously reverent. 
 Xoyioc, a;, , blessing : bliss : small 
 
 pox : 
 
 , t7; t yiret, f,r,v, vftsvos, to bless. 
 ia., as, *, beauty. 
 
 ;, n, ev, beautiful, uocua;. 
 
 t ifet, <V3>jy, ifffAivas, to cas- 
 trate. 
 
 y^f, w, a, eunuch. 
 7, inter;, denoting surprise, used by 
 women. 
 
 ;, cus, *i, invention. 
 
 or/, ft, Euripos, or Negro- 
 ponte. 
 
 tv^ifxu, to find : to hit. Pass. ii>gi- 
 o-xoftui, also, to be, to be present : 
 to live, reside. 106. 
 Evgwo-fl, ns, fi, Europe. 
 tvrifiiia, as, fi, piety. 
 tiffins, is, pious. 
 ivffir^u'yxviet, as, fi, mercy, merciful- 
 
 ness. 
 
 tua-vrXa'y^vos, v, ov, merciful. 
 tvra%ta, as, fi, good order. 
 tt?, f, worthless, vile. 
 ys, is, fortunate. 
 titrv%ia, us, , good fort>me. 
 
 tJ>, >j<ra, lo-pives, to be fortu- 
 
 nate, to succeed. 
 
 av, well sounding : auspicious. 
 vtff, j, , Euphrosyne, one of 
 the Graces. 
 
 ixpvts, is, intelligent, ingenious. 
 v^et^iffrSj t?t, n<ra, *j$7ii>, tipivss, to 
 thank. Pass. tv%etgirTovfteu, to be 
 contented or satisfied with, followed 
 by tis TOV. 
 
 "%*ii *is, ft, written prayer : blessing. 
 v^eftai, to pray : to bless. 106. 
 vubiet, as, ft, fragrance. 
 Qiffis, teas, fit = i<nSi/jK/. 
 RITIS (ivi, '/ires ?) adv. this year. 
 p/rflroj, , on horseback, riding. 
 
 (ogftu), to rush upon, attack. 
 ev, o, overseer, inspector, super- 
 visor, superintendent. 
 d v - yesterday. 
 as, f>, enmity. 
 
 s, n, female enemy. 
 , ,-, fi, txfy*. 
 ov, 0, enemy. 
 t%is, iosj ft, viper, 
 i^-ri, and 
 
 1%*) adv. = !#/?. 
 'i%a, to have : to consider, deem : to 
 cost. 106. 
 
 $EV T 'i%u rofftv x&Xet fit ttvrev, 
 I am not on very good terms with 
 him. 
 
 TO t%uv, property. 
 i-^, for iv<r, 27. 2. 
 t-^l, and 
 
 i-v^s'j (o^f), adv. last evening. 
 ic*s, adv. till, until : as far as : how 
 
 far, how long. 
 tetSt prep. 201. 
 'iuf va, and 
 
 luffou (teas aw), or tuffou v, till, until. 
 232. 2. 
 
 for $ or <r, 27. 7. 
 
 Xn, >, , violent agitation : tem- 
 pest : giddiness. 
 
 *$/ (Sa^xay), /w, TO, deer. 
 
 ^a^evw (ffctfioiu, rcti^ta ?), *, uSnv, 
 uftivas, to shrivel : to wrinkle. 
 
 
216 
 
 to warm. 
 
 i0-T, >},-, , warmth : heat. 
 0f, , , warm. 
 iu, re. pair. 
 
 to be 
 
 Zst/y, A/y, A/, Jupiter 
 
 nXi/o>, tva-a, it/S->;y, t 
 
 envious of. Wi/A rex. 
 jA0y, 0v, , zeal. 
 tX0Tir;, *, a, jealousy. 
 gvXorvTo;, v, v, jealous. 
 /*/, ;, , injury : damage : mis- 
 
 chief. 
 
 ve-et, *$nv, Hftiies, to injure : 
 
 to damage. 
 
 i, *Tf, r0, question 
 
 conj. or, either. 251. 
 iy, flyaj, 0', prince. 
 
 os, ev, 0, prior of a convent. 
 , adv. that is, namely. 
 , rj, pleasure : lust. 
 
 to yoke, j foute*, vva, vy$jy, to please, delight. 
 Pass. ribiH/oftai, to delight in, take 
 pleasure in, with its vet. 
 tar/tier, 0v, re, spearmint. 
 IKOS, ', 0y, moral. 
 
 0f, 0vj, re, commonly ret Sj, mor- 
 als, moral character. 
 
 , rj, age, as of a person. 
 , 0v, <?, sun. 
 
 < j-A/s/, the heat of the sun. 
 tiftiTt. 64. 
 
 as, ft, day. 
 
 squeeze, press. 
 
 , n 
 
 frr,ft;, tut, fi, question : search after, fiftigovu, urz, ^3-ny, wft,iva; t to tame : 
 
 rw, ?j, >}.*, 'Sy, fif*i*os, to seek, ! to render sociable : to appease, 
 
 to be in search of : to ask, demand. ^5^0?, n, 0y, tame, not wild : mild, 
 
 y\ivu, = %n\ii/u. gentle : domestic, as an animal. 
 
 r,uTaou, to be able, can. 106. 
 : r,v, = T0y, was, from itpcti. 
 I rZiuou, (igsvtf/0-**), to know. 106. 
 j "Hca, a;, it, Hera, Juno. 
 
 affa, uff&r,*, afff&ivos, to ( ran (juooi), as, it) darnel, lolium temer- 
 weigh. lentum. 
 
 vy0'?, 0v, 0', yoke. figuixos, , 0y, heroic. 
 
 ^/Sf, 0v, , beer. fiouif/^es, 0w 0' heroism. 
 
 tuuevtv, *ra, &Svv, vftiiof, to knead. 
 %, ntra, to live. 106. 
 
 y ^j, y ^TI, pray, prithee. 
 )0i, ev, 0, painter. 
 , , life. 
 BJ, , 0y, lively, vivacious. 
 
 , leu, re, girdle, belt. 
 yj, fiSi j girdle, belt : zone. 
 wrativtu, tvira, to bring to life, re- 
 vive ' to come to life. 
 
 ), }, 0y, living, alive. 
 
 r,ou;, uos, o, hero. 
 
 -us for -us, 37. N. 2. for H, 42. 
 
 N. 3. 
 
 firv%iei, etf, , quiet : rest. 
 %rv%o;, n, 0y, quiet. 
 >7T, co/i;. = n, or, either. 
 ^*f " a ' soun( l : noise, clamor. 
 
 0. 
 
 v, T0, animal : beast 
 f, , y, vital. 
 j,-, tf, brutal. 
 
 H. 
 
 - for -f f or ., 42. N. 2. 
 
 *, *?e 0. 
 
 r, = */, from 0. 
 
 106. 
 
 , , sea. 
 
 0f, j, 0y, of the sea, marine. 
 
 to dim, obscure, sully, darken. 
 <tftvs (Mftfai), , , dim, obscure, 
 
 dark. 
 flt^rapjyyw (Sap-res, fiyyu), to 
 
 shine dimly, to shed a dim light. 
 
 v<zr/xy, v, T0, = <xa.vu\r n vranovxXet. 
 to put to 
 
217 
 
 death. 
 
 9-dvxro;, ov, o, death. 
 
 Sy, *is, ft, = the preceding. 
 
 Sax-Ten, to bury. 
 
 9-xppos, ovt, TO, confidence. 
 
 Setvfta, ares, re, wonder : miracle. 
 
 Sxuftcc^/v, xa-x, Ktrd-w, aaytlvoj, to 
 
 wonder : to admire. 
 
 SavfAao-fAost ov, , wondering : admira- 
 tion. 
 
 Sotv/toto-Tos, n, y, wonderful : admir- ! 
 able.^ f 
 
 fr \a.3>Tu), iov, TO, = T0a?. 
 
 $i ($i\u), the same as &a : it is al- ; 
 
 ways followed by ya, thus, S v. 
 Sja, as, ft, goddess. 
 S-i-r0y, ov, TO, theatre. 
 3-/, x;, ;, aunt. 
 
 Sa^/ (9-rey), /at/, Ta, sulphur, brim- 
 stone. 
 
 3-t7os, K, ov, divine. 
 Sj7af, ov, o, uncle. 
 
 SsXij^a, Taj, TO, will : desire, wish. 
 S-eXw, to will : to wish, desire, want : ' 
 to maintain, affirm. 106. 
 
 3-tXw KOU $lv S-iKu, whether I will 
 or not. 
 
 StfttXiov, ov, TO, foundation : basis. 
 &if&iffTax% 55;, xKiovg) o t Xhemistocles. 
 B'iot, ov, o, god. 
 3-ioffifitiK, ots, , piety. 
 >?j, is, pious. 
 
 , nro;, it, deity : divinity. 
 E/, j, , cure, remedy. 
 
 /, io-3-tjv, iffftivosi to mow, 
 reap. 
 
 aw, TO, = Sff^Mf. 
 
 rj, aw, a', reaper : June, tovvios. 
 
 ITU (T/S/t) to P ut P lace A*?. 
 iei, as, r, theory. 
 
 i7g, wet, J5$jv, rlfthtf, to see, 
 behold, #XtT : to consider, view. 
 x6j/, <aw, , = </<e following. 
 x*i, ns, f case : sheath, scabbard. 
 
 Xwj), KS, n, noose. 
 *.uxt (n\v*'o;}, tov, TO, buckle, clasp. 
 Xt/xayA/, uo"ct, iS>jv, uutvi;, to buckle, 
 clasp : to button. 
 >.y*aj, j, a'y, female : feminine. 
 /0y, i/, TO, wild beast. 
 ^J, sj, ferocious. 
 if, aw, a, treasure. 
 a, ac/w. gloomily, dismally. 
 sj, a, y, gloomy, dismal, mel- 
 ancholy. 
 
 i-^at, /ipSjjy, ippivos, to oppress. 
 , ;, , = the following. 
 , twj, , affliction, distress. 
 aj, , ay, turbid. 
 os, ov, a', tumult, uproar. 
 , axaj, a, a Thracian. 
 
 i t a,;, fi, and 
 , vis, fi, fever. 
 
 j, ov, warm, ^io-Tog. 
 o;, ov, a, hot water. 
 , ires, ft, heat. 
 , adv. warmly, 
 y?, T, the mowing season. 
 io-if, ios, , position, situation. 
 iffffn\iet, ?, , Thessaly. 
 iffffctXes, cv, o, a Thessalian. 
 w, av, positive. 
 
 19 
 
 S-^vaj, aw, a, lamentation. 
 S-gqfxiia, us, vi, religion. 
 fytiffxivTixos, -h, ov, religious. 
 dgvrjtMTMMyj orfy. religiously : with 
 
 reference to religion. 
 3-govi, iov, TO, cliair : throne. 
 8-povos, ov, o, throne. 
 3-^o^jj, = -Ta<p}. 
 SwyT/^e, f, , = the following. 
 
 vyet>ros, fi, daughter. 
 43. 4. 
 
 piiil^u, aa-as, KtrS-qv, etffftivos, to fumi- 
 gate with incense. 
 
 CLTO;, TO, incense. 
 ov, ov, TO, and 
 
 iov, TO, censer. 
 
 iMMf, ufftt., uSw, uftivos, to enrage, 
 to make angry. 
 
 /xovu, uo-a, to become or be angry. 
 ev, o, anger. 
 
 , , door. 
 
 w^/, /ay, Ta, door, used in certain ex- 
 pressions ; as, xu-ra. Svp, indiscrimi- 
 nately. 
 
 00*<gva (Swjat, ^i^y), to knock at a 
 door. 
 
 ot, ov, o, door keeper, porter. 
 
218 
 
 as, fi, sacrifice. 
 , ara, <rS>j, KfftiiK, to sacri- 
 
 fice. 
 
 to see. 
 I. 
 
 i for E, 27. 8. 
 
 'laxupes, v, , James. 
 
 lavavei^es (Lot. jaouartus), ev, o, Jan- 
 
 uary. 
 
 laroiia, as, fi, cure. 
 leirfltvuet, acres, TO, = /Ae preceding. 
 latroivu, tva-a, ^Sr, lUftiras, to treat 
 
 medically, attend 05 a physician ' to 
 
 cure. 
 
 iarixr>, tis, r>, the art of medicine. 
 iaroixet, ev, re, medicine. 
 os, ttv, i, physician. 
 
 ia, its, > idea, notion. 
 
 ixes, ij, ej, = 
 its, a, n, peculiar, with reo : self : 
 same, with ftl rot. 66. 2 : 75. 
 idtfut, are;, re, idiom. 
 .y, infer;, lo ! behoW \ With the 
 nominative. 
 
 oiU) uret, wfilyt;, to sweat. 
 &;, iJros, o, and 
 ets, a, , sweat. 
 
 iet>, re, and 
 , u*s, i, hawk. 
 iiftvf, tvt, i, priest. 
 hoe;, a, e, sacred. 
 hooffvXix, at, fi, sacrilege. 
 hlio-vt.es, ev, , sacrilegist. 
 t^ayinisi is, indigenous, native. 
 iK.ai9Toir,<rif (Ixetvtf, <), tttfi n. 
 
 atonement : satisfaction. 
 ixaves, r, , able, capable : enough, 
 
 sufficient. 
 
 Jx*?> , , benignant : cheerful. 
 tfuiftns (Turk.), r, e, imam. 
 -/, nouns in, 36. N. 1. 
 '!$/*, a?, ^, <77f</ 
 'lyj/a/, <, */, India, Hindoostan. 
 '1*^9?, , e, Hindoo. 
 ,^/ori, 27. 12. 
 *I/4, /, Ttf, sc. -iXyf, the Ionian 
 sea. 
 
 a. Julius), v, ', July. 
 (Ixi/. junius), w, , June. 
 
 , to ride. 
 
 iwrixe*, ev, re, cavalry. 
 
 1*<ros, ev, i, horse. 
 
 I^<j, /$?, , rainbow. 
 
 IffteH^e*, (tries), , aff/u.i*of, to straight- 
 en : to direct, o an arrow. 
 
 trio; (*ros\ , , straight, not crooked '. 
 even : equal. 
 
 IfKtt (Ital. esca), at, ii, tinder. 
 
 ife^imau.ii, it, ot, equivalent. 
 
 ?<rfly, m, TO, bass, in music. 
 
 "ffof, r, , equal. 7rifA /us Ta'. 
 
 ifferr;, r.ros, n, equality. 
 
 'I<riX, o, Israel. 
 
 Itrroe'ta.. as, 11, history. 
 
 iffrosixe;, r,, , historical. 
 es , hrstorian. 
 os, , c', strong, 
 wa, to be strong, valid. 
 
 *<r,-, orft?. perhaps. rri<A fAe indica- 
 th-e, or ii'ifh the aorist subjunctive : 
 when followed by , it may take 
 the present subjunctive also. 
 
 'IraXes, ev, e, an Italian. 
 
 'Itttbms, eo, o, John. 
 
 'Ivecvy/ixe, ui, r, Yannina, a city. 
 
 'lufftQ, o, Joseph. 
 
 K. 
 
 * /"" X* rf?*' ff * 27 - 9 - 
 
 (Pers.), tev, re, caftan. 
 
 (Ital. cavallo, 
 as, ii. riding, "srwiwy 
 trrafia : horsemanship, / 
 
 */SXXa, on horseback, adver- 
 bially, after verbs of motion ; as, 
 >S= xa^SaXXo, he came on horse- 
 back. 
 */3fltXX{??, 9i, e, rider, i<fnTret. 
 
 a, , a 
 i, re, crab- 
 (Turk:}, , , cadi, 
 i (Turk.), lev, re, = 
 
 adv. purely : with purity. 
 xa.Sx.ifu (*/*>), />, *, i 
 to depose : to put down. 
 xaSxeigv, iva, /V^n, /^/c*>f, to clean, 
 clear, cleanse, purify : to pick, as 
 beans. 
 
 $, , , pure, clean, clear. 
 
Xtt&Ct 
 
 219 
 
 , vras, , purity, cleanliness, 
 clearness. 
 
 s, tus, fi, purification. 
 o (*9-' atvTo), adv. real, true, 
 luz/A the article before it. 
 xdS-s (xa9-/j), every, each, indeclina- 
 ble. 75. 
 
 x9* T<, every thing. 
 xaSs/5 (xa-ra, iJV), xctSift'iet, xxQiv, 
 
 every one, each, txafrof. 75. 
 xad'SxXa (x.a.S-9/xai], a;, y, chair. 
 xctS-ivas, xaStftiet, xotSlvet, = xasSe/f. 
 xdS-nfteu, = xeiSoftxi. For its in- 
 flection, see Greek Gram. 118. 
 >7, ?;, , weekday, not iogrv. 
 iffu,, <V3-jv, iffftivas, to seat, 
 
 o, adv. = us, as. 
 
 , at/, f>, descent. 
 StXov, adv- in general, universally : 
 entirely, <ravTsA&/j : at all : not at 
 all, but only in answer to a question. 
 S-opeit (*S^a<), to sit: to reside, 
 dwell, stay. 106. 
 
 conj. as, inasmuch as. 
 
 (xKrovrgov) , at/, a, and 
 s, v, o, mirror, looking-glass. 
 j, adv. as, just as. 232. 2. 
 */, conj. 250. 
 
 , z'/i </je expression xeu el, 
 149. 3, 4. 
 
 xa/ w&A </<e indicative, 221. 
 *a a, o/ier relatives, 232. 2. 
 xa.t'yu, xetiu. 
 
 xtt'txi (Turk.), tev, <rt, = v}.o7ov. 
 Ketmvs, ius, a, Caeneus. 
 xxivoroftia, us, , innovation. 
 xemoTopu, (7s, vsrtt, nnv, r.pivas, to 
 
 innovate. 
 
 xKivoufy*;, a defective genitive, used 
 only in the phrase a.*ro xa.ivtvg'yrj;, 
 anew. 
 xaivav^yios (xxivovgyos'), *, v, = vsaj, 
 
 new. 
 xui^ot, tv, a, time : season : opportu- 
 
 nity : weather. 
 xttiu, to burn : to pinch with cold. 
 
 106. 
 XKX'IK, as, n, malice, malignity, wick- 
 
 tp abuse, treat ill. 
 
 xapaigiei^a, atra, uffftivas, to render 
 miserable. The participle xa.xofjt.ei' 
 
 xaxos, y, ev, bad : wicked. 57. 
 TOW KKHOV, in vain, uselessly. 
 xeix.cvi>>yvi(jt.et, etros, re, crime. 
 xuxatpiViTtxt (tpuivoftai), IxtzxaQeivii, to 
 
 displease, impersonal. With the 
 
 accusative of the personal pronoun ; 
 
 ax, p.\ xKxo<pivs<rai, I am sorry ; 
 
 rav IxetxoQoivn, he was displeased. 
 KccXx, adv. well. 
 
 ', a,, av, = xeifcririt- 
 
 xA.ai" 
 
 edness, vice. 
 
 KO.X.O fjt.tr a. 
 
 , tou, Tfl, caldron. 
 
 wr:. tev, re, 
 
 , lev, TO, inkstand. 
 
 xa.\a.(ju, tev, TO, reed. 
 
 , for XA fiftigx, good morn- 
 ing. With the genitive of the per- 
 sonal pronoun. 
 
 X>j-TE^a, for xtt\vi tfri^tt, good 
 evening. With the genitive of the 
 personal pronoun. 
 XvTtga, adv. better. 
 X*;<ri0;, a, ov, better, comparative 
 ofxaXos. 
 
 u (a>.iT^ej), ivffot,, it/d-^y, 
 , to better, meliorate. 
 
 ivffet, to grow or get 
 better. 
 
 , adv. = xuMtov, better. 
 
 xei\\iev, neuter comparative of xet\es, 
 used only in the nominative singu- 
 lar, and always in the predicate of 
 a proposition of which the subject is 
 any other word than a nominative ; 
 as, xaXX/av VITOV tot ti%ts, it were 
 better if you had. 
 
 ay, u, ay, best, superlative of 
 
 os, monk. 
 xot\oxa,'ipi, lev, and 
 
 awake. 
 
 (xaugos), ov, TO, summer. 
 (%VTTVU), to be thoroughly 
 
xnr/o 
 
 220 
 
 xr/oi 
 
 xX0;, rs, ev, good : handsome : ' xavfaor (Ital. cappello), v, ro, hat 
 
 thorough, complete. 57. 
 
 T/fff vocative *.a.\i, in exclama- 
 tions, is indeclinable, and has the 
 firceofj. 
 
 xxlevvoixi (TWA:.), itv, TO, a kind of 
 cap. 
 
 , v, et, rather xetle;. 
 xdlre-a. (Ilal. calza), ett, ft, stocking, 
 
 xet*'te-Ti (Ital. capestro), iv, rt, hal- 
 ter, as for a horse : bridle, 
 
 t 
 
 XUVITU.V, o, captain, indeclinable, and 
 alivays followed by a proper name ; 
 as, 6 xetvrtrav A/a^a>T^;, Captain 
 Diamantes, rev xetvriTat* 
 
 cotton stocking. has no plural. 
 
 i~;, iffa., if$r t v, iffftives, to invite, xttvtra.va.rov \ 
 
 xv, of Captain Karaiskakes. It 
 
 AU;, adv. well. 
 ,Xuffwivii, it begins to clear off; 
 ixxXvfvnuffi, it has cleared off, it is 
 good weather. 
 tXaffiivi), xi, ft, goodness. 
 and 
 
 (Ital. camera) aj, , chamber. 
 ., as, fit camel. 
 
 tov, TO, = the preceding. 
 xu.fi.fAia., see x*.vt'ts. 
 
 , to make, 0r/* : to do : to 
 pretend to be, to play ; as, 
 
 , ev, re, the dis- 
 
 pher. 106. 
 
 to play the philoso- 
 
 xa.ftovcf4.cct (xdftvuj, * 
 pretend. 
 
 how do you do ? 
 
 to feign, 
 
 Ka.ft.vra.iat. (Ital. cauipana), f, , = 
 
 trict defended by a leader of ' 
 
 TU\OI, which see. 
 xa.-riru.vivu, iviree., to be a leader of 
 
 ' A.pfio.ruXei. See xu.Tira.voi. 
 xetftreittas, and 
 xtt.vnru.vos (Ital. capitano), v, c, plu- 
 
 ral also xa.-nra.ia.1ot, captain *. the 
 
 leader of a body of 'j 
 chieftain. 
 
 xavvia, tret, itr^nv, iffftives, to smoke, 
 fumigate. 
 
 TO. xdvvte-et, to decamp, scamper 
 off, to vanish like a chimney ghost 
 xetwet, ev, , smoke: tobacco. 
 
 rivet xavvcv, to smoke one's pipe. 
 Kctvttiffreias, et, e, Capodistria. 
 xxvetxvov, 71. N. 2. 
 xeivoiof (xeiv, voTes), et, ev, certain, a 
 certain, a certain one, some one, 
 (Ital. campo), tv, o, plain, ' somebody. 71. 
 viStdg. xiivert (xeiv, veri), ado. sometimes. 
 
 xotpToires, and xapveres (xeiv, vivas), xvev (xeiv, veil}, adv. somewhere, at 
 
 , ev, some. 75. some place. 
 
 xdfiu, = xa.ft.vu. l\.a.v0iXy;, ti, e, Kapreles. 
 
 xd.ff.ufia. (xdpve*), ares, re, doing, xeiveu; (xav, vus], adv. somehow, 
 deed. xagdfit (xdeecfio;), lev, ro, ship. 
 
 (xar^a/S/f), y, , crawfish. 
 
 , 0, 
 
 xeiv, adv. at least, rev^ei^iffrsv : even. 
 xavetxiuu (unc.), fir, tvuinig, to 
 
 coax. 
 ixig (xeiv, i'i; j, 
 
 tet., xuvit, and 
 
 plur. 
 
 s, n, o, Karaiskakes, the 
 
 xctvivus, xd.ff.fji, I ee, xdvivot, any, one, any diminutive of 
 
 one, r\s ' no one, none, but only in ]\.ocoa.'ie-xos, ev, e, Karai'skos. 
 
 answer to a question. 71. xd^evvev (Ilal. carbone), ev, r, coal, 
 
 xotvvdfit (xdvva.fot;'), iov, re, hemp. vSfa|. 
 
 xetvevt, teu, re, cannon. 
 
 xetvovtd, is, ft, the report of a cannon. 
 
 xavovigu, tret, ifr,v, ipftivos, to regu- 
 late. 
 
 xatvtvtfffto;, ev, o, regulating. 
 
 xdva, = xdftve*. 
 
 xetvttv, eves, e, rule : law : canon. 
 
 a.fAov, ev, re, watercress. 
 ta, &t, ft, heart 
 
 ii;, r,, et, hearty, cordial. 
 
 fitsxlivrr.; (x\ivrt>t), r>, e, Stealer 
 
 of hearts. 
 
 f'tvet (Ital. carena), ,-, , keel, ret- 
 
221 
 
 iri (Turk. ?), iov, TO, = xov- 
 vowri'bt. 
 
 (Ital. carrucola, girella), iov, 
 TO, pulley, rgo%i*.ict. 
 oTt;, ov, a, fruit : produce. 
 
 (Turk.) iov t <ro, watermelon. 
 tTs, r><rtt, = <rgafffi,iv6J. 
 v, TO, the English walnut 
 i, iov, ro, nail, peg, ijAaj. 
 'iTo-u, as, 55, pin. 
 ov&j, uffcc, u9-r,v, uitivo;, to nail. 
 irigivos, ov, made of tin. 
 irfrtij, ov, o, tin. 
 ov (Lot. castrum), ov, TO, = 
 
 xctTK, preji. 192.- 201. 
 xo.Tot.j-xx.ivu (/3/v), to descend, to go 
 
 or come down. With o.-ro TOV. 
 
 106. 
 
 (/3XX), to overcome, 
 
 on the floor. 
 
 put down 
 
 TttfiiXotict. 
 
 layer, in husbandry. 
 
 civu (/3av<w), = xara/SaXXw. 
 
 vs (yri), adv. on the ground : 
 
 , to be occupied 
 with, to be engaged in. With tts rov. 
 
 xetTKyaftai (a.yu)j to be descended 
 from, to be descendant of: to pro- 
 ceed from. With O.VTO rev. 
 
 xtt.retyvgp.ives (yvgvu), v, ov, bent, 
 intent on. With tls TOV. 
 
 xetTaSixefAeii (bixopat), to condescend, 
 deign : to submit to. 
 
 , uffct, citrS-riv, 
 
 a.fff*ivo{, to condemn. With TOV its 
 
 TOV. 
 xuTadixn, n;, ft, condemnation : pun- 
 
 ishment. 
 
 xetrd^iKos, ov, o, criminal, culprit. 
 xecTxxet^i^u (*S/^w), tree, if/u-ivos, to 
 
 settle, as liquids. 
 xKTaxXufffAos, ou, o, deluge. 
 xaTuXetftfifivu (Xa,/3aviw), to under- 
 
 stand. 
 
 xotTdXv-^'is, tus, fi, comprehension. 
 xTaXXjX/a, ng, ft, propriety, con- 
 
 sistence. 
 XKTKVTM, .;, nffoe., to come to, arrive 
 
 at. With va and the sulyunctwe. 
 xxra.Ttx.vu (avr<ivu\ adv. upon, against, 
 
 right against. With TOV, or ttf TOV. 
 xatTtwrivu (vrtveu), to swallow. 
 KKTCfvl-rTu (flr/Vr), to fall com- 
 
 pletely. 
 
 XKTKVOOI (ffoSt), adv. = XKT09fi. 
 
 xTefro>>.ift,u (iraXs^ftJ), to defeat. 
 xce.ra.Kovu (vrovu), = xT/3X>.. 
 
 , to enumerate. 
 , ov, o, spy, scout. 
 
 , to scatter in 
 all directions, to disperse complete- 
 ly : to squander. 
 
 , y, = the preceding. 
 , tut) fi, condition, situation, 
 state. 
 xetTa<rTi%axi, TO, a little xa.TeiffTi%v. 
 
 (frizes), ov, TO, book of 
 accounts, ledger. 
 
 TO, xuToiffTioi ftou, to be 
 
 xot.Ttx.qn\ej 
 excessively. 
 
 frightened out of one's wits. 
 TXfT^atpti, r,s, fi, subversion. 
 TUT^i^u (-Tgl^u), to persecute. 
 TctT^'iftta (T&U), to pass, spend, 
 consume, as time. 
 
 oi^ia), to terrify. 
 
 to kiss greedily or 
 
 ns, fj, and 
 
 , *i, contempt. 
 
 vu (^avftj), iTs, tiro, or urn, 
 vnv or e9->jy, vpivos or iftivos, to 
 despise. 
 xetTet^ei^u Oeff), if*, 'urSnv, ifftti- 
 
 vos, to attempt. 
 xxTa^S-o'vios, a, ov, subterraneous : in- 
 
 fernal. 
 
 xetTae%vioi (ot%vos\ af, fi, fog, mist. 
 xetT&xgiiffis, tug, ft, abuse. 
 xaTSjSa/vw, = xtt.Ta.fitt.ivu, 
 
 svaj, to bring down : to lower. 
 OV (jtUTifietivea), ov, TO, = ft" 
 
 XOtTlTKVea, = Xtt.Ttt.Ttt.VU, 
 
 xaTifyov (igyov), ov, TO, galley. 
 KT^/v>?, j, , Katerine, a town. 
 xetTivS-vvw (tuSvva), wet, vvSyv, to 
 
 direct. 
 
 xT9iyo/>ioi, as, *i, accusation. 
 xa,Triyof>u, tis, tiro,, Sjv, tiftives, to 
 
 accuse, blame, censure. 
 
xemj 
 
 222 
 
 xiex., = xvtoi. 
 xteatptvs, ies, e, potter. 
 xteap.fii, iv, re, brick : tile. 
 xigdiri, iev, ri, cherry. 
 xioarev, ev, re, horn. 
 
 t, as, fi, sadness, dejection. j xivrgev, ev, re, centre. 
 >as (xaref, 0if), ev, e, descent, xivru, as, r,va, ijS?v, r,u.(vis, to prick ' 
 declivity, downhill. to embroider. 
 
 xan (*, c<), indeclinable, some, 
 
 something. 71. 
 xareixe;, ev, e, inhabitant. 
 xnreixu (oixi*), i7s, *ffa, rtt 
 
 to inhabit, dwell. 
 
 xarevri (narefriv), adv. behind : close xteare-a, = xvoirva. 
 at one's heels. With rev, or are xiaawos, ov, e, thunderbolt. 
 
 xiooaivu, and 
 
 xipl'^u, to gain : to get the better of, 
 in the phrase e ayeuecQa; ixifii%i 
 riv uifte<p<i, the unripe-fruit-eater 
 got the better of the ripe-fruit-eater. 
 106. 
 xifies, ev;, re, gain, lucre, profit. 
 
 [fxe-ru), as, fi, speculation, 
 
 xotrofiovu (cfSew), ura, aB*ir, taft'tics, 
 to accomplish, effect : to succeed, 
 not to fail. 
 
 xarev, = xartt. 
 
 (Ital. catrame), iev, re, = 
 
 ixi (Turk.), iev t re, = ti 
 
 xetrffiavla (Lat. cucullis, cucullus), 
 
 as, ft, hood of a cloak. 
 xa.ru, adv. down : below. 
 xarurares, n, , lowest, deepest. 
 57. 
 urioos, a, ev, lower. Ibid. 
 
 (XM), as, ri, intense heat : 
 burning sensation. 
 xa.fft.ee., are;, re, heat. 
 xctvftivs (xavuj, r ly ev, poor, unhappy, 
 used in certain eijtressions denoting 
 compassion ; as, e xa.v[*.'iios ! poor 
 fellow ! or poor me ! 
 , I'M!, fi, heat. 
 
 n commerce. 
 
 }, lev, re, wax : small wax- 
 
 candle. 
 
 xi(>vv, to pour out liquor for anybody, 
 to treat with liquor. 106. 
 
 v, ev, re, chapter : capital. 
 
 xi$a\r,, r t :, fi, head. 
 
 , ro, = the preceding. 
 
 (<rrj), ev, re, headache. 
 (Turk.} ti, e, = 
 
 xau%u/u.i, etreei, f&r,v, to boast, brag. 
 
 xetven, = xoiitt. 
 
 xet<pi*i~ev, ev, re, coffee-house. 
 
 xaQitii, , e, = the preceding. 
 
 xafjs (Turk.), i, o t coffee : a cup of 
 
 coffee. 
 xa'^a,, as, fi, and 
 
 (xa-^et), n, e, 
 (xt7fjt,ai), to lie, to be 'in an 
 
 inclined posture. 
 xAa2o, i7t, nva, and 
 xiXui'tw, tis, nra, to sing, as a bird. 
 xito$a%ia, etf, f>, vanity, vainglory. 
 x{5,-, r, ev, vain, vainglorious. 
 xttes, ri, ev, empty, luxates 
 
 devoid. 
 
 Kivravoet, ev, e, Centaur. 
 xivrei, lev, re, goad : sting : spur 
 
 'i (*iyx,j>t)t Mf ra, millet 
 xyxfti (**/;), ice/, re, gall-nut. 
 xrirest eu, e, garden. 
 x*!#ovoes, ev, e, gardener. 
 xnt, = xtfi. 
 xr.fvyfta, arts, TO, proclamation : doc- 
 
 trine. 
 
 xr.ov^, vxos, o, herald. 
 xrevrru, v?a, v%$vv, vyplvof, to pro- 
 
 claim. 
 */, con;, used only before the sounds 
 
 a, e, ev, = xet't. 26. N. 2. 
 vy (Hebr. x/3tg), lev, re, = rti- 
 
 (Turk.), iev, ro, carpet. 
 tve-tt, to be in danger. 
 
 , ev, e, danger. 
 xivr,(jia, arot, re, movement. 
 xi*r,ffis, lus, fi, motion. 
 xivu, i7s, r,ffa, r.Sr,*, r,ui*o;, to move. 
 xipw, = xtevu. 
 
 Kifapos, v, o, Kisabhos, or Ossa, a 
 mountain. 
 
223 
 
 , lav TO, pumice, ix- 
 
 f ^ 
 
 XITPOV, ev, TO, citron. 
 
 ov, o, branch : bough. 
 /w, to weep. 106. 
 
 , UTOS, <ro, and 
 uiJftx, UTOS, T0, weeping, wailing, 
 lamentation. 
 
 a-^a, a?, H, 
 f/;a, us, ^, 
 
 /aw, TO, key. 
 xX/50v<, j, ;, lock. 
 xX/o'yy, &'0-a, <ySv, uftivos, to lock. 
 KXt/0-ovja, a?, >j, Klisoura, a town. 
 
 ?, a, o, Klisouras. 
 
 'iw, tiffKy tiff&nv, Hepivos, to shut, 
 close. 
 
 j, w, , thief : robber : pirate. 
 os, , y, pertaining to a xXe- 
 
 or harborer of 
 
 , ev, o, receiver 
 as, to steal. 
 
 , , 0, = xXtTT 
 
 f, >j, o, Klepht. 
 
 j, 0v, occu- 
 pied by the Klephts, being in the 
 hands of the Klephts. 
 
 at, T, a young Kxi- 
 
 , a raj, rs, vine. 
 
 is), us, fi, vine- 
 
 branch. 
 
 ;, eUf o, heir. 
 
 >, /~f, <r, to inherit : to be 
 the heir of, with. TOV. 
 
 , /3->jv, iftivog, to incline, bend : 
 to decline. 
 
 xX/y&> TW xtQa,\w t to make a 
 bow. 
 X/vo/, /v, intransitive^ to incline to- 
 
 wards. JFitVi r^f, or /f r0v. 
 X/0-<;, {&>;, ft, inclination : declension. 
 />, *?, jJS^x, vftlvo;, to shake, 
 a /ra. 
 iriK (/la/, calcio), Sy, n> kick, 
 
 *X0r0*, ;, *j9*, >5S>!v, vpivas, to kick. 
 xXw/Saf), /jJ, <r, cage. 
 uffu, ufSqv, uffft'ivos, to twist. 
 uvoi (x\uv), ov, 0, small branch. 
 uffot, a.;, v, sitting hen, hen with a 
 brood, the old hen. It is an ano- 
 matopey. 
 , and 
 
 xa/X/a, as, ft, belly. 
 
 xo7Xog, >j, 0, concave. 
 
 xoiftigu, iff, iffftivo;, to set to sleep. 
 
 Koiftuftat, a.ffa.1, S>jv, to sleep. 
 
 xoivog) , cy, common. 
 
 xaiwvia, a.g, y, communion : society. 
 
 XOIVMVIXOS) Yl t OV, SOCial. 
 
 xotvus, adv. commonly. 
 xoxctXov (unc.j, ov, TO, bare. 
 xoxxivct^oc, a;, ft, redness. 
 xoxxwi^a, lo-x, io-Sw, ie-ftivof, to red- 
 
 den. 
 
 x,axxivi&, lo-ee, to look red. 
 xoxxivvXee, ay, v, intense redness. 
 xoxxivag, y, ov, red. 
 *eXa (MWC.), etf, r,, sheet of paper. 
 xsXa^w, uffu, a.ff$yv, ctrftivos, to damn 
 
 in Hades. 
 
 xoXetxtiet, ttf, fi, flattery. 
 xo'Xal-, axes, o, flatterer. 
 xoXa0v?, tuf, ft, hell. 
 xet-eiTo-i^eo {Ital. colazione), wet, = 
 
 yrpoy t uft.it T'I^IU. 
 x0XX, us, fi, glue. 
 xaXXw, a?, , J53-JJV, t>^y;, to glue 
 
 together : to attach, stick. 
 X0XX&/, as, *i<roi, to stick, intransitive. 
 x0Xv&/, j, = l/te preceding. 
 x0X0/3o>, , ov, tailless, having no tail. 
 xaXoios, ev, 0, jackdaw. 
 xXoxt'9< (*0Xox^vS>j), /aw, T0, pump- 
 
 kin. 
 
 , ov, o, bosom : gulf. 
 ??, tiffu, to swim. 
 
 uvo. (Ital. colonna, xoXo/va;), a;, ^, 
 pillar, column. 
 '/iroi^os, ov, o, big comet. 
 , ov, o, comet. 
 UTOS, TO, piece, part. 
 i, iou, TO, piece : piece of bread. 
 xoju.ft.aTi, a little, some, adver- 
 bially. 
 
 opp?), iov, TO, gum. 
 
XO ( U7T 224 XOV71 
 
 (xeptras, Xs'yw), itv, TO, I of bread. 
 string of beads : rosary, used by XOOITO-I, iov, TO, = xeoo-fiov. 
 
 devotees. xco/ui (xaojU,o;), iov t TO, = fftaf&OL, the 
 
 *,/,, knot. human body. 
 
 u.7Taa-%ei9i (ff%ani), iev, TO, rosary, xogviat%TOf (xoviogTOi), ev, o, = 
 consisting of a row of knots, and dust. 
 
 used chiefly by monks, 
 ft^et, ri, e*, elegant. 
 
 Qrt, >is, n summit, top. 
 y, = the preceding. 
 
 iv), itv, T*, top 
 
 ;, w, elegance. 
 xovdxt (Turk.), inv, TO, lodging, XKT- of a mountain. 
 
 xevtvli (xsvSvXaf), iov, TO, pen, quill : ! xoirxiteis, a., o, sieve-maker. 
 
 graft, iftftXi. I xoffxivo9, ev, TO, sieve for coarse sub- 
 
 xov$v}*op,ei%eit0e9 (f.a%ati), ov, TO, '< Stances. 
 
 penknife. xerxivov, cvs, fi, the wife of a xefxi9af. 
 
 xevivu (Turk.), tvo-a, tuptves, to lodge, xogava (Ital. corona), f, ri, == - 
 Key/>j?, >}> a, jrfur. K.OVIKOSI, == Tovo- <pvof. 
 
 xes. xetr/u.txos, ov, e, = X/'x;. 
 
 Koviaoioi, a.;, fi, the Turkish nation, the xoc-pe;, ov, i, world. 
 
 Turks, tl Tevoxei. xotrpelpSaoas (^S-t/^w), ay, world-de- 
 
 xeyt&os'retTfiju.tvas (<rrw), n, ay, occu- stroying. 
 
 pied by the Turks. xeo-Tt%&>, to-tt, to cost. 
 
 xevibct (xatis), f, , nit. xoo-Tes (Ital. COSto), TO, cost. 
 
 xetiegTOf, ev, o, dust, xeevia^TOf. XOTU (xeTtu), a;, nrat, = ToXftu. 
 
 XOVTK (xotTo;), adv. = ffipa.. xavfrtiXu (xe/SaXas), t~s, vret, tS-ti9, 
 
 XOVTXXI (K.OVTOS), iov, TO, the butt end : nfttves, to carry or transport burdens, 
 
 of a musket or pistol. as a jwrter. 
 
 XOVTXI (xorros), lev, TO, spear, pike. , xov$avn (xeSbvv), iev t TO, small belL 
 XOVTIVU (XOVTOS), tvret, to shorten : xavxxi (xexxas), iov, TO, kernel, grain : 
 to approach. bean, vicia faba, in French, haricot. 
 
 xsvrflXayJff (xoiTog) Xyoj), adv. in xovxxes (xox*v%), ev, e, cuckoo. 
 
 short, briefly. xovxXovw (Lot. cuculis), , uShiv, 
 
 es, ri, 09, short. 57. uft'ivos, to cover up. 
 
 i, = xovovXi. xtvxov\i (Lat. cucullus), iau, TO, CO- 
 
 (unc.), iev, Ta, flock, herd. coon. 
 
 lea, ta-et, irS-919, ifftlro:, to pound : xovxavtoigoi (xutog), ?, , the CODC of 
 to beat. the stone-pine. 
 
 "TtXa (unc-) f> lass. j xov\\s (xv^Xos), v, ov, lame, crippled. 
 
 i!/5, us, fi, dear xo-ri\a. ' xst/AXai/^a (xXX/^), as , cake. 
 
 teret, to labor. "K.<ii>fia.f, a., o, Koumas. 
 
 xo-rietfi, xe-rieiyTi, please come. xovpioxi (Ital. commercio), tov, T, = 
 res, ov, o, labor : trouble. TtXvitw. 
 
 trno'o;, a, ev, sharp, as a knifeJ xavviet (Lat. cunae), as, , cradle : 
 
 'TTW, a-^a, 6$9i9 or asrtjy, a/tt/'yaj, to ' swing, 
 cut. i xotnovvri iv, Te, = xuvu^. 
 
 'octxets, ot or ev, o, and ! xmvevirfii (unc.) t tev, TO, cauliflower, 
 
 0<z5, axe;, o, crow. 
 
 xegoio-io*, ov, TO, girl. X.OVVTU (xavros), .f, ttex, to push. 
 
 xeob'tXo, (Ital. Cordelia), a;, , lace : xovru (x/vw), 7j, *, r,Sn*, ttftives, to 
 
 shoe, local. rock : to swing : to move, xivea. 
 
 xon, fis, r,, girl. j xtiMret (Lat. cupa), ay, , cup. 
 
 * xaotoi (Lat. corium), as, fl, crust, as ' xavri (x*m), iev, TO, oar. 
 
V.OVQ 
 
 225 
 
 (xoeag}, cttra, eiffSnv, Uffftivog, 
 to fatigue, tire. 
 
 V^iliea (xOUgiVg}, IVffO,, IV^^V, lUfAlVOg, 
 
 to shear. 
 
 = xoovfoc,\u. 
 
 oiXi (xvrog ?), iov, TO, spoon. 
 xoyra^ici, a;, fi, spoonful. 
 xtv>rt).ov (xvrog ?) ev, ro, = ftiruvrov. 
 xevri (xt/T/f), lev, TO, a small box. 
 xovnxug, and 
 xovrufag (xvrog}, a, o, the back part 
 
 of the head. 
 xaurffobonryi; (xovrffog, ^ovri), t), a, one 
 
 with broken teeth. 
 xovro-og (*oVr), , on, = j^uXog. 
 xovrffovgtv (*oyro-o'j), y, re, stump. 
 * xovQct (*o<p/v/), tav, ro, small basket. 
 xovtptog (xovQoi), et, ev, empty, as a 
 
 nut. 
 xov<po%vKici (xovQo;, ^'Xav), aj, fi, elder, 
 
 sambucus, n tree. + 
 
 xavtyos, = KuQo;. 
 
 xaQtvi (xo'^/voj), /ow, TO, basket. 
 
 XOlfTU, = XOX-TU. 
 
 xo^Xias, as, , screw, /3/^a. 
 
 xo-^as (MWC.), as, Si, hook or eye : 
 
 hooks and eyes, in the plural. 
 xo-^/n, us, , and 
 xa^ig (xov-rui), tug, *i, edge of a cut- 
 
 ting instrument. 
 xao>, |, to call. 
 xKf*.vri (x^eiftfiri), tov, re, cabbage. 
 xgecviov, ev, TO, skull. 
 eixi, TO, dear xpurt. 
 
 utfi'), a, o, vintner, wine 
 merchant. 
 i (x^oiffis\ tw, TO, wine. 
 
 , t*>s, ft, constitution of the hu- 
 man body : crasis. 
 X^CCTOS, ot/j, TO, power, government. 
 xoa.ru, i7g, uret, S>?, jj^Uoj, to hold. 
 
 el xgetTeuvrtf, the government. 
 xetvyv t rig, fi, vociferation. 
 xtuf, uro;, TO, flesh : meat. 
 
 etri (x^/3Toj), iw, TO, bed, couch. 
 
 XgtftVU, = XOlf&U 
 
 , to be hanging, to 
 hang, intransitive. With re rev. 
 
 J, UO-K, UffS-VV, - 
 
 to hang, suspend. With rev 
 
 XgtftU 
 
 axo rev. 
 
 vpvi^u, iffct, /o-S-jy, iffftsvos, to pre- 
 cipitate : demolish, as a house. 
 vptvos, eu, o, precipice. 
 jT}7, vis, fi, Crete, an island. 
 x^/a;), tov, re, ram. 
 (f*S*)t 'ou, ro, barley. 
 . (x^ixe;), K;, v, ring. 
 are;, TO, sin, crime, 
 pity, thing to be regretted. 
 
 igeftut (xgi/tx), to sin, a 
 roivu : perf. part. xgiftctTifffA 
 condemned, xKTct%ixK<rp.i.voS' 
 tvcu, wet, iSw, iftivt;, to judge. 
 ;, > judgment. 
 ev, ro, tribunal. 
 ;, ev, e, judge. 
 xgtrixss, v, ev, critical. 
 xptrixo;, ev, o, critic. 
 *o*oo~*Xof, ev, o, crocodile. 
 xgoxog, ev, o, saffron : yolk. 
 
 (x0(jt,(jt.vav), tav, ro, onion. 
 oros, ev, e, loud noise, report. 
 avra,\u (X^OTX/^W), 7j, >jo-a, 
 knock at a door. With rev. 
 
 to 
 
 cc, ~BVff, Cold Spring, a place. 
 
 xgvfiu, = 
 x^vov, ev, ro, and 
 of, ov; t ro, cold. 
 
 xp f vof, a, ev, 
 
 x^vvru, vj/a, vipSnv or 
 
 to hide, conceal. 
 xgvtpx, adv. secretly, privately : clan- 
 
 destinely. 
 
 x^vQetvoiyu (ivo'tyta), to open secretly. 
 xg'j<p!u$, adv. secretly. 
 xguga, <w|a, to caw : to croak. 
 xrtvdxi, ro, little xrivi. 
 xrivi, iev, re, comb. 
 xrivi^tu, to-oi, tirSnv, itr/uivof, to comb. 
 ttros, re, property, possessions. 
 
 tivofiara (xT^vaj, /3a/vw), i7f, tiffet, to 
 
 commit bestiality. 
 
 /*', Ufa,, iirS-wv, irpivos, to build. 
 tug, fi, creation. 
 et, arog, TO, blow : knock : beat, 
 
 pulsation, beating. 
 xrvrtei, eig, fi, = the preceding. 
 xrv-rag, ov, o, noise, sound. 
 XTVITM, ug, rivet, riBijv, vftivog, to strike : 
 
 to knock at : to attack. 
 xvfii^vnfig, tug, f), government. 
 
y.v 't 
 
 226 
 
 fl, = a 
 
 , i dear 
 vTrvay, ev, o, = 
 r tt ev, deaf. 
 
 A. 
 
 X /or y or ? , 27. 10. 
 
 >> ov, 0, guide : governor. Kaxrravrax*?,-, , dear 
 
 I;, r,ra, f&w, npives, to gov- 
 ern, manage : to steer : to support, 
 as a poor person. 
 iStum, ay, TO, quince. 
 /dfcwa, a;, , quince-tree. 
 
 /tut, a>y, at, Kydoniae, a city. 
 
 ;, D, e, a native of Kydoniae. 
 xvx^eg, ov, i, circle. 
 
 xv\iu, tra, i<r$w, urftiva;, to roll. XaJy, 
 
 xvXw, as, = the preceding. >.*&;, fit;, ft, a little silver spoon, used 
 
 xvpa, ares, TO, wave. in administering the sacrament. 
 
 xvvnyiTtxos, ij, ay, qualified for hunting. 
 xwrtyi, iav, TS, chase, hunting. 
 xvvwyvs, tv, o, hunter. Xa/J^a, raj, TO, wounding, srX>jy- 
 
 xwr,ya, t7; or a;, r,ra, $>jy, r,u,i*a;, to pa. 
 
 hunt, chase : to pursue : to perse- }.*(->upaTia, as, fi, = w-Xwyn. 
 cute - layagige*, iff a, iffSnv, ifftis, to clarify. 
 
 xwraoitrffi (xvW/0v0y), tov, TO, cy- Xayxali (unc.\ itv, re, vallev. 
 
 press. Xa^aj, 0y, 0', hare. 
 
 xvg (xvaies\ Master, Mister, inde- Xaymnxov (Xayo'j), ov, TO, hound. 
 
 clinable. 
 xvod, a;, , = xv^let. 32. N. 
 
 
 * x.uoa.*u. (xvoiet), as, , mother. 
 
 ;, , mistress. 112. 
 
 ($XSay), tea, TO, oil. 
 ay, ov, TO, oil-jug, cruet. 
 v, etra, &>$v*, upiva;, to oil. 
 TO, son of Lazos. 
 ') tu >> T ' mistake, 
 
 o'nt, at, fi, mistress : miss : lady : j error, 
 madam. 
 
 oizxr., r,;, r,, Sunday. 
 * / " 
 
 j/t^<a, as, *i, domination. 
 
 a,, , chief : proper, i gram- 
 mar. 
 
 , ov, i, master : Mr. : lord : sir. 
 
 , t), o, and 
 
 * xvoiTre;, ov, o, Mr., xvoicj. 
 xvoius, adv. properly. 
 , >, convex. 
 
 ayfttves, to look, see, /Sxisrw : to 
 mind : to take care, beware. 
 XVTTU, ?, used chiefly in the t/?i/>era- 
 tive, XUTTU, see. 
 
 y fl> -, 6, /argff bell. 
 s, fi, town, village. 
 , (, fi, comedy. 
 , w, o, comedian. 
 xu*a;, ev, o, cone. 
 KwvyravTr**?, 0t/, ', Constantine. 
 
 ;, a, 0, anrf 
 
 utf/, ares, i, musqueto. 
 ;, , , Cos, an island, 
 
 , to be mistaken. 
 xa.70. XaS0;, by mistake. 
 
 and 
 
 Za&vffi (X0jS^ej), iow, re, vetch. 
 XaTxe;, 0i, o, layman. 
 Xft/^a;, D, o, throat. 
 X00;, ay, 0, pit : ditch. 
 X*raf (X*T/^?), 0tj, , vehement 
 
 desire. 
 Xa*r0j/< (Xa*T0j), /<r0!, to palpi- 
 
 tate, quiver : to desire eagerly. 
 ^axTuoifTof, , a'v, palpitating, quiver- 
 
 ing. 
 
 XXT/^W, lira, iffSw, tffftirof, to kick. 
 XaxTitrpa, aTe;, T, kick. 
 XaX^a, T0y, T, singing, musical 
 
 note. 
 
 , et/, T, musical instrument 
 XaX*l, (?;, xra, r9->;y, *)yuty0;, to speak, 
 0/fuXa : to play as on a string instru- 
 ment, with Ty, 05 XaXt7T0 /5/X<, he 
 plays on the violin : to sing, as a 
 bird, xAaa. 
 
 vw, to take. 106. 
 
227 
 
 XufAviet (Lot. lamina), a;, fi, barrel of 
 
 a gun. 
 
 \a.(ttu (IXasi/yw), to row. 
 Z.aptvra'ba, as, fi, and 
 Xaft&ds, ti^os, f>, beeswax -candle. 
 
 tfc 
 
 Xapvixof (Ital. lambicco), at/, a', alem- 
 bic. 
 
 os, a, e'v, bright, brilliant, splen- 
 did : illustrious. 
 
 f&T^eTris, VTOS, fi, brightness, bril- 
 liancy, splendor. 
 
 L/VX, VV&91V, VfffttVOf, tO 
 
 brighten, polish. 
 
 s/^avav, aw, ra, corpse. 
 \E-; (><Vw), j, e, unleavened, not 
 
 raised, crs bread. 
 sxv>j, ;, ^, basin. 
 tXex/ (Turk.), lov, TO, stork, ?rXa^- 
 
 ?a f . 
 
 ^ov^, j, , lemonade. 
 
 juovi (Ital. limone), iov, TO, lemon. 
 
 fyxov, ov, TO, dictionary, vocabulary, 
 
 lexicon. 
 
 /f, tus, fi, word, lexicographically. 
 
 avroiffi, <ev, TO, = Xi&v. 
 
 ovTa^o-^v^et, adv. like a lion, as to 
 
 courage. 
 
 ovTetgoi]/v%4t (XeovTaj/, "^v^^f), YI> ov, 
 
 lion-souled. 
 
 ?, tug, ft, brightness, brilliancy, ; Xtr< (Xir/f), <aw, TO, scale, asofajish. 
 splendor : light, as of a celestial >, XT/ (Xicn'y), ay. , blade, as of a 
 
 body. 
 Xaaj, ov, o, people. 
 Ar/9-jj, ov, o, Lapith. 
 
 a, n;, ft, Larissa, a city. 
 
 nvis, v, ov, Larissian. 
 
 , vyyos, o, windpipe. 
 
 (wc.), us, , mud. 
 
 u, ivffa, tvftlvos, to adore. 
 
 a^/), ua^nv, etfftivos, to 
 act like a thirsty deer : to snort. 
 ^aj, , ev, = tXa^joj. 
 ^a/vw (Xot<y%eivu), to happen, be- 
 fall : to hit, with TOV. 1O6. 
 
 v, ev, TO, potherb : cabbage, 
 
 ), tu, o, lot, 
 Xs/3jT; (2W^.), n, a, bravo, daring 
 rascal : dandy : brave man, wasXXjj- 
 x<ti, its usual signification. 
 
 fi, tape-worm. 
 
 to say, speak, tell : to relate : 
 to call, na'me. 106. 
 XjjjXate'/a, as, i>, devastation. 
 Xf)iXa<r&>, t7s , 3-jv, npivos, to de- 
 vastate, plunder. 
 
 , to be wanting to 
 
 ray : to be off, to be absent, to go 
 away from, with <ro TOV. 
 veytec, as, h, mass, eucharist. 
 
 pivo;, to 
 
 u, ts, 
 read mass. 
 
 to winnow. 
 
 cutting instrument. 
 
 }.fr/>o;, ov, o, leper. 
 
 Xj^rTaf , , av, thin, 05 applied to flat 
 
 things : minute. 
 Xi'ja (wnc.), ;, , dirt. 
 
 uffot, uStiv, ct/ftivos, to dirty. 
 
 kind of sail. 
 
 , white-poplar : a 
 
 , OVTOS, o, lion. 
 
 ov, f) Lemnos, an island- 
 us, ft, = the preceding. 
 (Xjja-^wv), i7s, ffot t to forget. 
 tvffx, to rob. 
 , aw, a, robber. 
 
 Lfl?. ilia), TO., = lvToo-9-ia. 
 , re, meadow. 
 X</3av/ (x/)3acyaf), y, ra, frankincense. 
 X//3ay<, j, , the frankincense-tree : 
 the odor of frankincense, in the plu- 
 ral. 
 
 lev, <ra, = xro^a.. 
 , to-*, to pitch quoits. 
 , >j, ay, made of stone. 
 X/3-ay, aw, a', = v'iTgot. 
 X/Xo:x<, /at/, TO, lilac. 
 
 XI/M (x^a'j)* -, canine appetite. 
 , , a', = 
 
 (unc.\ uv, TCI, the head-quar- 
 ters of Klephts. 
 
 -, to dwell in the A/^i 
 
223 
 
 pays 
 
 tvoi, o, harbor, haven. 
 
 ,-, , lake, pool : pond. 
 
 (Lat. libido), /VSy, = 
 f T/St/jttft/, oo'iyi}fj,u.t. 
 
 Xivdci, it>v, <rc, flax. 
 Xm; (Xma?), , ay, line'n : flaxen. 
 ).ioi (unc.\ iov, TO, carbuncle, cocks- 
 comb. 
 
 ciei, tov, TO, spade. 
 a.;, = Xt/vay, Xww. 
 
 itya, K(rB-r,v, afff&ivof, to 
 calculate, compute. 
 
 Jjf, aw, , calculation, compu- 
 tation : account. 
 
 tjs (x'oyo;),plur. Xay^avy, sort, kind, 
 a defective genitive ; as <r/ XayJ; 
 av9^&/<ra? iJtixi ,- what sort of a man 
 is he ? roXX*jy Xay/wv ^seyjjra, 
 many kinds of dishes (food). 
 
 The egression rt \o>y; means 
 also how? in what manner? <ru;. 
 \oyiot, rat, = Xoyot, words. 4O. 
 Xa7<*, ,-, , logic. 
 loytxev, ov, T, intellect, understanding, 
 
 reason. 
 
 Xeyixof, n, ov, rational. 
 }.cy>i3i, ov, o, learned man. 
 
 s;, ou, o, thought, imagination. 
 
 Xoyoyotii^ajf ov, o, prose-writer. 
 \'oyo?, ov, o, word : speech, oration, 
 sermon, discourse : account : report : 
 reason : ratio. 
 
 rov Xoytv, 6.5. 
 
 %,'oyav %>iotv, for example, for in- 
 stance. 
 
 \oyoroifivi (Xcyej, T^//3), ?;, , debate, 
 discussion. 
 
 i) i lance, spear. 
 
 -ey, adv. then, therefore : well, now. 
 Xo/roj, , ov, rest, remaining. 
 
 xtti TO, \aiTo,, and so forth. 
 XaXa/yot (\o\oi), etvet 
 
 -e?, w, y, oblique. 
 
 as (**vy%), * o, hiccup. 
 and 
 
 Xct/^u, = Xovu. 
 Xovx,a.vtKov (i/>ic.), ov, TO, sausage. 
 XovXec,; (Turk,^), a, a, bowl of a to- 
 
 bacco-pipe. 
 
 , little or dear 
 
 , lilium ?) isw, T, = y- 
 
 /^, /e-a, to blossom, to be full 
 
 of blossoms. 
 
 vZiyyaf, = >.c%vyyas. 
 o< (Lot. lorum), tau, ro, thong, 
 
 /,aj : strap. 
 
 ovgas, ov, o, Louros, a place. 
 ovTgev, ov, TO, bath. 
 
 the head. 
 
 , ovfftivof, to wash 
 
 ;, aw, o, captain of a Xa^ey. 
 ", a, company o/" soldiers. 
 i^u, tret, tff$n*t t<rp'ivs, to bend, 
 a* a */;'c&. 
 
 Auyxswj, lug, 6, Lynceus. 
 Xvyv'c; (Xwy/ya;), ft, 01, slender, flexi- 
 
 ble : lean, meagre. 
 Xt/yw, uf t = 
 Xvxe;, aw, a, wolf. 
 XtJvw, = Xw. 
 Xt/ayw (\vu) t utra, uuivos, to dissolve : 
 
 to melt : to thaw. 
 XwVj, us, ft, grief, affliction : compas- 
 
 sion, pity, mercy. 
 
 Xt/T, iT}, nfec, >s3-y, n/u,ivos, to grieve. 
 Pois. XwrasJ^a*, i7ra.i or a.<ra.i, to 
 pity, with tot : to regret, to be 
 sorry : to be unwilling, with, ii and 
 the subjunctive. 
 
 Xvo-o-et, as, fi, rabidness, rage : hydro- 
 phobia. 
 
 v, ro, and 
 , aw, o, lamp. 
 
 7f (Xw^yaj, "ffrnpi), n, o, a 
 stand for a lamp. 
 
 Xww, i/a-ac, vni, vpws, to loose, untie, 
 unbind : to solve. 
 
 M. 
 
 ft for B, 27. 11. 
 
 fA, by. With T'OV. 
 
 pa. (Ital. ma), con;. == XX, <rX'y, 
 
 OfitVf. 
 
 i (Ital. magazzino), *w, T, = 
 
 , a, a, 
 
 tufa, 
 
 f, to cook. 
 
pays 
 
 (laytifos, ou, o, cook. 
 
 229 
 
 [KXQfJ, 
 
 pt.tt.yiv &, tvo-x, it&fly, tu/u.ivo;, to en- 
 chant, charm : to captivate. 
 
 u;, , witch, female magi- 
 
 = ftec- 
 
 (Turk.\ tou 1 TO, chafing- 
 dish. 
 ftayos, ou, o, magician, wizzard. 
 
 (Lot. mala ? Ital. mascel- 
 la?), ou, TO, cleek, */. 
 
 v, r.^ivos, to pluck, 
 
 KS, <ra, 
 s a fowl. 
 
 , to 
 
 gather, collect : to pick up. 
 < (oftaSi}, adv. together : together 
 with. With TOV, or fit TOY. 
 ttyvu, = pursue*. 1O<3. 
 
 oi, re, collection, gather- 
 ing : contribution. 
 n;, n, o, = fiizio;. 
 
 y, vfftivo;, to soft- 
 
 ftet%.Kxos, vi, ov, soft. 
 ittaXax^Kw, wot 
 
 en, mollify. 
 ftdXeiftei (Arab, amalgam), araj, TO, 
 
 = %ouffos, gold. 
 ft*JoefUtriMt, at, ov, = xgvirou;. 
 
 , adv. certainly : moreover : 
 
 , KTOS, TO, lesson. 
 is, tug, ft, learning. 
 >7j, ou, o, learner, scholar : dis- 
 
 ciple. 
 
 , j, fi, feminine o 
 
 ftiftu), oust fl, = n'S-ix0?. 
 
 (Ital. atnmainare), io-a, itr&uv, 
 
 , to strike sail. 
 'ios (Lnt. maius), ev, o, May. 
 iffrgo; (Ital. maestrale), ov, o, north- 
 west wind. 
 
 (fAtt*oigio;\ inter). = 
 
 especially, little used in this accep- 
 
 tation. 
 
 ^aXXaj), it>v, TO, wool : hair : 
 
 the hair of the human head, but only 
 
 in the plural. 
 ,ttXX/va?, n, ov, woollen. 
 [AO.XOVU (Lnt. mnlus ?) uo-ot, unv, 
 
 ujLtivo;, to scold, scold at : to quarrel 
 
 with, ffTtt<ritict>, with /u.1 TOV. 
 f/u.f/,r, (ftaftftn, (jtoitoC), us, w, mid- 
 
 wife. 
 f&Kv0<t%.o;, ou, o, bar, bolt, as for a 
 
 door. 
 t*.tivb(>tt., u;, fi, pen, fold,yr animals* 
 
 UVM, to learn: to teach. 10G. 
 
 ftctvix, u;, v, madness : rage, fury. 
 
 p.avtgtv, lo-et, ifffi'svos, to become en- 
 raged. 
 
 ffotvtxi (Ital. manica, manico), tou, TO, 
 sleeve : handle of a knife. 
 
 f^dviTet, a;, fi, = ftetv'iu. 
 
 [tetviToifit (ufiotvirtisjf tov, TO, mush- 
 room. 
 
 ;, , ov, happy, blessed. 32. N. 
 
 txugiaTv;, nres, , happiness, blessed- j * puvvioi, us, h, and 
 ness. ! * f&avvau, ov;, fi, grandmother. 
 
 txugovi (Ital. maccheroni), tov, TO, p,civTi\t (Ital. mantile), iou, TO, hand- 
 macaroni, kerchief. 
 
 = /uaxouvto. I U%I}.KOI (Lat. maxilla), ieu, TO, 
 
 dv. far : far from. With TOV, vrQao-xiQaXov. 
 or uvro TOV. ju.agetyyo'{ (Ital. marangone), ov, o, 
 
 a. (fto-xgu;}, adv. = the preced- i carpenter : shipwright, vuuvnyof. 
 ing. fteigct&ov, ou, TO, fennel. 
 
 petxgoS-fv, adv. from afar, from a dis- /uotgxivu, uvu, a-i/Snv, etftftivof, to wither, 
 
 tance. parch. 
 
 (Aoixgo;, a, ov, long. I fttttfrnprd^t (ftu^yoi^tTYii), tov, ro, 
 
 vs~), t'Jit TO, length or \ pearl, 
 height. ftagjuxgivies, et, ov, and 
 
 txguvu, uvet, vv&nv, vo-ftivof, to length- ^ag^a^voj, , ov, made of marble, 
 en. i pxc/uaevv, ou, TO, marble. 
 
 20 
 
uaoo 
 
 230 
 
 fat (/e*ai'0tJX/0), lov, TO, lettuce. 
 , n, o, and 
 , 6V, a, March. 
 etf, a or eu, o, = ftaaru;. 
 iet, etg, n, testimony- 
 
 ttf or els, t><ret, wSij 
 to bear witness : to testify : to suf- 
 fer martyrdom. 
 
 s , o, witness : martyr : sec- 
 ond in a duel. 
 
 eti, , Mary. 
 
 w, *t, fi, = the preceding. 
 (M/), us, fit Mary, nearly 
 obsolete in this acceptation : Renard, 
 fox, only in fables. 
 
 tecis (Ilal. maschera), , o, buf- 
 foon : coxcomb. 
 i, us, f>, and 
 iyos, Ji scourge. 
 is, t, o, and 
 
 (Lot. magister), tj, o, = 
 -/.TV. 34. 1. 
 *'Xj, ns, ii, armpit. 
 
 els, ne-ec, jJS'tin, r,ui*r>;, to chew, 
 masticate. 
 
 tiv, i7s, tie-*, to labor in vain. as the human akin, 
 
 a, at, vain. J p,t*.ei*i (jtciXaen), tw, -re, ink. 
 
 petrdxi, TO, little or dear ftxTt. 
 ftttTM, used in the phrase tls 
 
 in vain. 
 
 MTSifly, w, , Matthew. 
 ftdTi, = oftpd-t. 
 
 d, ett, fi, glance of the eye. 
 
 (/ttar/), eeret, dar,i, etffftint;, 
 to take aim : to fascinate, fretrxwv. 
 
 >j, o, cut-throat. 
 
 ue-x, el&nv, eaftivof, to Stab. 
 
 TwrAr.), a, o, quarter of a 
 town, ward. 
 
 "is, i battle. 
 
 tO fight. 
 
 , from lye*. 
 (fttrd), prep. 2O1. 
 ynKtiov, ou, TO, grandeur : greatness. 
 to enlarge : to in- 
 crease : to grow large. 
 
 , ts t magnificent. 
 , , ev, great, large. 52 : 
 57. 
 
 ystK'a-^v^f, , o, magnanimous. 
 ^aj, ftiyei, Greek, = fjttydXos. 
 aujpov (ptTd, etSfiav), adv. the day 
 after to-morrow : next year. 
 ?f, , drunkenness. 
 ;, ev, fi, method. 
 t, ev, o, drunkard. 
 
 wet, virft.it o;, to be or get 
 drunk. 
 ii, eti, = the preceding. 
 
 . , o>, brown, 
 
 . (llal. mazza), etf, fi, = 
 v. 
 
 (ftetveaf) , a;, n, blackness. 
 'Zi, tw, re, black spot. 
 u, to-i*., <VS?, iffAivaf, to black- 
 en : to grow black : to become black, 
 turn black, in the norist. 
 
 , j, , Mavromates. 
 
 , black. 
 *9f, ev, o, Negro. 
 
 *;, 17, 'v, blackish, brown. 
 , etj, fi, intense blackness. 
 t.ti, TO, little 
 , ev, TO, knife. 
 !t, *S, r>, Stab. 
 
 it concerns, it is a care to. With 
 the accusative of the person ; as, 
 3fy pi f4.i\ii, I don't care. 
 : (*.i\iTr>, jf, fi, close application, study: 
 meditation. 
 
 ftsXtru, ,:, r.ffa., r,3r,v, fiplvos, to med. 
 
 itate : to devise, plan : to intend, 
 mean. 
 
 ^i, icv, TO, and 
 tTas, TO, honey. 
 , tij, n, bee. 
 
 ovros, TO, future, futurity. 
 , ovo-et, ov, future. 
 
 vTOf, o, the future tense. 
 ;, ov{, TO, member : melody. 
 
 S-r,*, to blame. 
 pii, conj. inifeed : now : on the one 
 
 hand. 
 
 'as = if&ivat, from lyca. 
 fti*u, to remain. 106. 
 u.i eX0y TOVTO, = ft 
 fttfei, = ifitoet. 
 
af t fi, == ftigos. ^ 
 j irei, iffSw, iffAivos, to divide. 
 i, eet, a, some. 71. 
 /?, fiog, w, portion. 
 
 }, ov, TO, share. 
 
 (fi'tfos}, adv. within, in '. into : 
 inside. With tit TOV. 
 
 , and 
 
 fe.ltravv%ra, ret, = f/ttnvvx-Tiav. 
 (Ato-ri (piffos), ns, , middle, midst. 
 vo's, w, av, southern. 
 iov, TO, mid-day, noon. 
 i/rov, ou, TO, means. 
 fovvxTiov, ov, TO, midnight. 
 ifos, ft, ov, middle. 
 ta., prep. 192 : 201. 
 TafiaX\u (|3XXw), to transform, 
 change. 
 
 TK^i-ycu (/SXsVa;), to see again. 
 -ra/3aX7, 5f, n, change. 
 ra$viig& (Sdm/), to lend again. 
 Pass. piTKiictvtigopKi, to borrow 
 again. 
 
 rK\Xi7av, ov, TO, a mine. 
 ru*.*.iv*>, turet, to dig for metals. 
 With TO'V. 
 TaXXov, y, TO, metal. 
 
 231 pda 
 
 T/>ti(*.os (ftiT^a), ov, o, counting, 
 numbering. 
 
 is, 17, ov, measured, counted. 
 TO. I*.ITO*TU., money, cash. 
 
 , ov, moderate : middling, 
 mediocre, 
 rgov, ov, TO, measure. 
 
 or as, rjo-a, r>riv, np'svo:, to 
 measure : to count. 
 Tufov, ev, TO, forehead : front. 
 /, prep, until. With TOV. 
 , adv. not : lest. 243 : 245. 
 S, adv. neither, nor. 
 
 ovs, TO, length, ftuxgos : lati- 
 tude. 
 
 .U), as, fi, apple-tree. 
 Xtyyt (p-wi'yQ), iov, T&, temple of 
 the head. 
 
 , ov, TO, apple. 
 (x.yv, adv. = (Art. 
 (AW, nvas, o, month. 
 
 interrogative, = fty-rus. 
 VKS, a, o, = ptyv, month. 
 vvw, Ufa, v$riv, vf&ivog, to announce, 
 notify. 
 
 , to transform. 
 
 , tats, fi, transformation, 
 metamorphosis : the Transfiguration 
 of Christ. 
 
 rixvoiit, us, , repentance : genuflex- 
 ion, i yovu\iffiet. 
 ruvoiovM, utra, and 
 
 ?j, nffu, Yiftivof, to 
 change one's mind : to repent. 
 rei^i, lav, TO, silk. 
 
 r<t%v, adv. between : among. With 
 TOU or tis rev. 
 
 5<), rt, v, silken. 
 of, ou, o, change of 
 form. 
 
 vos, to translate. 
 
 f, , translation. 
 
 to use. 
 
 (Turk.}, ieu, TO, breastwork, 
 parapet. 
 
 , , participle. 
 
 t<wvu, KS, = the preceding, 
 ftfaus, adv. lest ' an interrogative par- 
 ticle. With the indicative, 219. 
 With the subjunctive, 225. 4. 
 ju?/, iov, TO, thigh. 
 /<KTf, ac/w. neither, nor. 
 tga, as, ft, and 
 
 purges, f>, mother. 43. 4. 
 o;, '/i, y, maternal. 
 u, as, f>, stepmother. 
 pty%avixos, ;, ov, mechanic, mechani- 
 cal. 
 
 ftt]%eevi>ces, ow, o, engineer, 
 fila, from fvas, tlf. 
 (Ataivai, ava, avS-n*, affftiveg, to defile, 
 
 contaminate. 
 
 ftia.gos, a, ov, polluted, defiled, nasty. 
 fAiyvvea, to mix, mingle. 106. 
 tixpuivu, = ftixgvvu. 
 ts, a, ov, small, little. 
 
 es, YI, ov, dear little. 
 vvu, wa, vvSnv, to lessen, dimin- 
 ish. 
 
 /, iov, TO, mile. 
 
 /X/ev7f, n, o, Miliones, a famous 
 Klepht. 
 
232 
 
 uncut 
 
 tus, *i, imitation. 
 
 ruc'ej, ij, ev, imitative. }VUh rev. I JAM*, adv. only : but. 
 <ftcti, t7ff(ti, r,Syv, npivo;, to imi- ftovo-reiri (ftevoi, troire;), lev, re, foot- 
 path. 
 
 ts (Ital. ministro), ev, , = 
 />:/;. 
 
 f, ev, o, Mirabeau. 
 os, ev, o, hire, wages, pay : re- 
 ward. 
 
 tiffSvres, , it, hired. 
 tTfes, ev;, <ro, hatred. 
 es (%ft.iffv;), r,, ev, half. 
 
 ee^ (ftifo;, Qiyy*.^), tv, T, 
 half moon : crescent. 
 fo^tfres, (ft'ffu, Xojirrcs), , ev, 
 Christ-hating. 
 
 its, r,ffx, r,$t)v, r,fiiYo$, to hate. 
 
 fttifX&l, = ^SV4/. 
 
 f*.*r,f*.effuvev, ev, TO, commemoration. 
 
 po*s, , ov, alone: self. 66. 
 pores, , , single. 
 , vis, fi, form. 
 
 fto7/>et, us, fi, destiny, fate. 
 
 {fietoeiu), KVU., eiffB-tiv 
 to distribute. 
 X&roivrci (fit o'^a. <rau<roe), and 
 
 p.eff%ox<i0i (f*.off%o*.u.autv), tov, Tt, nut- 
 
 meg. 
 
 poffx.es, = ff%f. 
 p.off%ei(>i t lev, <re, calf. 
 fio<r%s, ou, a, musk. 
 
 v (Itdl. mugghio, Qvffu), to 
 bellow, roar, as the wind. 
 
 (Ital. mugghiare), if it, to 
 bellow, roar. 
 
 a. t are?, re, bellowing, roar, 
 roaring. 
 
 v'Sia.^u (ct(u.uci^j, etffct, a.fftiies, to 
 be benumbed : to set on edge, as 
 the tee fi. 
 
 oi (Ilal. mulo), iev, re, mule, 
 ftftietes. 
 
 (Ital. mummia), ;, fi, mum- 
 my. 
 
 ), iv, re, lead : bullet, to soil. 
 
 tv, ro, 
 lead-pencil. 
 Xti, adv. scarcely, hardly, no sooner. 
 
 , and 
 
 on (ff.1 a'X or/), con;', although, 
 notwithstanding. 
 
 \ conj. how- 
 
 n t , most 
 
 i (Ital. mormorare), /, to 
 murmur, ^.<Sw/. 
 r,;, i\, muse. 
 
 (Turk.) rt, o, a Turkish 
 officer. 
 
 , , fi, music. 
 ot, r', v, musical. 
 ,-, ?, e, musician. 
 
 ever : yet, notwithstanding all this, i ftovfreim (jAvfretl), tev, re, mustaches. 
 Xi/w, vttt, vv&x*, vf/u.ive;, to con- poutrres (Ital. mosto), ev, e, must, new 
 taminate, defile, stain. 
 y\ = p'ove, ftovev. 
 veixp$as (peres, 
 or very dear. 
 
 ttt>tt%tci (/*,**%<>;'), ?, , solitude. 
 *f, , monarchy. 
 xi, TO, little or dear little 
 
 ptavetffTwoi, ev, Tt, monastery, convent. 
 fte*st%d, adv. = fjt,'ivay. 
 ftttet^ef, ri, e*, and 
 
 uo\i, adv. 
 
 (Ital. moneta), f, fi, = >- 
 
 (Ital. musino\ tv, r, 
 
 (Turk.), 5, '. mufti. 
 v%).K {Lot. mucidus), ?, , mould, 
 must! ness. 
 
 vxouoa,ns (Turk.), ti, i, a Turkish 
 officer. 
 f^;ra, e, Muhtar. 
 
 ev, re, = 
 
 p*ttx.a.x.a., croak, the sound made by a 
 frog. 
 
 (Turk.), , e, retail-grocer. 
 
233 
 
 (Ilal. palle), as, *, ball, ff(f>a.7~ 
 
 u (Iv, /SaXXw), uo-et, uS-nv, a/al- 
 tos, to patch, mend, as clothes, shoes, 
 
 aras,*To, patch : patching, 
 
 mending. 
 
 y, j> o, Baronides. 
 (Ilal, barbiere), n, I, = 
 
 vrt (Turk.}, ttv, TO, gunpowder. 
 -5*jj, ?, o t Basdhekes. 
 
 (Turk.}, n, <?, bey. 
 
 , and 
 
 (Hal. boccale), lav, TO, bottle. 
 
 ;, v, o, B tsares. 
 
 f, a, o, Boukobhalas. 
 xp (Turk ), interj. halloo-boy ! harky 
 fellow ! sirrah ! boy ! 
 
 (Ital. bottiglia), ?, ft, bottle. 
 
 ov, on, TO, and 
 
 O; (pviXcs), ev, <5, marrow : brain, 
 iyxitf>et)(.os . 40. 
 t;^/ dyf), /aw, ra, muscle, a shellfish. 
 vSoKayos, ev, o, mythographer, fabler. 
 jJS-flj, aw J, fable. 
 wet, xf, fi, find 
 wya, ay, w, fly. 
 ii}.<)i, on, o, mill. 
 vXuvtis (fjtu\oi), ei, o, miller. 
 
 6%ec, aj, fi, snot. 
 
 yry, ev, o, a Myrian, a native of 
 
 Myra. 
 vgicixis, adv. ten thousand times : an 
 
 infinite number of times. 
 v^oii, otios, vi, myriad. 
 
 i^cu, trot, /<rSjv, iffft'tvo;, to smell, 
 
 smell of, to inhale an odor, oytp^ui- 
 
 Pass, 
 
 t, to scent, 
 
 to perceive by the organs of smell ; 
 
 ig*>, UTK, intransitive, to smell, emit 
 an odor : to have the smell of. With 
 TOV or KTO T'OV of the odor. It may 
 be followed by the genitive of the 
 person perceiving the smell ; as, 
 xgectri rv tpvgiffi, he has perceived 
 the smell of wine. 
 
 v^oi, MI, a, innumerable, numerous. 
 '20* 
 
 f*.v(>ioXoyu, = fj.vool.eyu. 
 
 lev, ro, ant. 
 ta?), a.;, V, 
 
 (ftv^ftrtyxt^ t affa, to 
 swarm, throng. 
 
 , a;, v, ant- 
 
 <ru, 
 
 hill. 
 
 funeral dirge. 
 
 tle. 
 fttiffbti, us, , myrtle. 
 
 fi<rx t to Sing fjLVool.oyiot. 
 vpffivivos), a, ev, of myr- 
 
 j, KS, vi, smell, odor, 
 
 ev, TO, mystery. 
 rrt*if, -h, ev, secret. 
 ngos (^JTJJ), , ov, pointed, as an 
 instrument. 
 
 (puns), *is, v>, nose : bill, beak : 
 point : nib of a pen. 
 
 ; o, Mohammed. 
 etvos, ov, o, a Mohammedan. 
 or j, jja-a, to talk non- 
 
 sense, to babble, to talk foolishly. 
 /sis, ee, ov, foolish. 
 , ev, e, fool. 
 
 N. 
 
 v dropped before B-, 22. N. 1. 
 dropped at the end of words, 24. 
 
 vei (7va), cory. that, in order that : so 
 
 that : O that : if. 
 
 va, interj. lo ! behold ! there ! lieu, 
 With the nominative or accusative. 
 vei, vein, take. 106. 
 vct'i, adv. ves. 
 N/vw, af, i), = ATvaj. 
 vtx.7ffxi (va.i%'t}, fashionable, = vat. 
 votvei, a word used in lullabies. 
 N'i-af, ev, fi, Naxos, an island. 
 , ov, o, narcissus. 
 , ov, o, admiral. 
 
 Toj, ev, o, Naupactos, or Le- 
 panto, a city. 
 
 ov, e, shipwright, shipbuilder. 
 sv, TO, Nauplion, or Napoli, 
 

 234 
 
 a city. 
 
 JO.UTIX.O;, it, ov, naval. 
 ftett'itrxes, ov, e, young man. 
 {?, . r, early, tender, as youth. 
 9txes, , c'v, dead. 
 jixouffipa;, n, tt, deathlike. 
 tit;, a, ov, new, young. 
 
 <ra E, nev/s. 
 
 if, w, , young man, youth. 
 aj, w, youth. 
 *j, , = N/f. 
 (Lot. aurantium), v, TO, 
 sour orange, a &/zd of orange. 
 
 T, water. 
 
 , ov, TO, water-snake. 
 ivoo*, ou, TO, sinew, tendon : nerve. 
 9ivu, ivtrei, to nod. 
 KpiA, ns, ft, and 
 fifes, ov;, TO, cloud. 
 *i<poe>, ev, <r, kidney. 
 tiurr't, adv. recently, lately, newly. 
 rtfta, OCTOS, TO, yarn. 
 *7T^y, ev, TO, infant. 
 Njf)/j, /5f, , Nereid. 
 
 ttiffiU7t}s> ou, o, islander. 
 ttjro{, en, ft, island. 
 *r,<rTivu, tvret) to fast. 
 WT, rec, = tiirtjs. 
 ifayv, and 
 tiu, = vi-r^u'. 
 rixv, >?> fl, victory. 
 
 , u, , Nikos, Nick. 
 
 , iru, to think : to consider. 
 f n, ei, lawful. 
 et, ars, TO, coin. 
 ov, i, legislator. 
 its, nfot, r,Br,y, tifiivog, to 
 make laws, legislate. 
 refits, ev, o, law. 
 
 , j, y, fresh, as ^gg*, 
 cheese, fyc. 
 eiceftiiot, ov, TO, hospital. 
 
 , ttSri*, to relish. 
 -Tt/u-ai, n, t9, pleasant, agreeable to 
 the taste. 
 
 , , the south wind, vires ' 
 humidity. 
 
 v'oro;, ev, o, the south wind. 
 nines (Ital. nonno), tv, <re, = x5- 
 
 X*. 
 
 *ovf, tees or !/, o, mind, understand- 
 ing. 43. 4. 
 
 ye*J, t~s, nffet, r'3-^v, nftivof, to mean : 
 to understand. 
 
 ! (Turk.}, t6v, TO, mosque. 
 
 (Turk.), lev, TO, a movable 
 cupboard. 
 
 9VXTO., g, fl, = !/ 
 
 ng, ft, and 
 do;, r,, bat. 
 
 VVXTO,), uiri, it is dark, night 
 is coming on. 
 
 yvft$yj, us, ft, bride : daughter-in-law : 
 to conquer. sister-in-law, a brother's wife : 
 r, ft, Niobe. nymph. 
 
 9ios, *> o, = ties. 9Vft<pios, ev, i, bridegroom. 
 
 9iTTv, r^x, tyS-mt ipfttvos, to wash, vvffTei^u, ot^o., to feel sleepy. 
 as the hands and face. tv$m, = tv/ttyn. 
 
 TO, washing. ; vvQiTra (tv^ti), f, r., weasel. 
 
 TO, nail : claw, talon : 
 
 /*, Tf, 
 
 aJ, *f, , = 'las. 
 
 , .. (*-C, 
 
 (Lot. november), ev, o, No- hoof. 
 veniber. x,vv* TO, tv^ttt nve;, to bastinado 
 
 , etres, TO, meaning, signification, or beat one shockingly, till the nails 
 
 fall of his toes. 
 $os, ev, i, bastard. VV%T*, = iWa. 
 
 \xi, = itoixtor. w/ttes, = f4.es. 
 
 iKoxvooi (eixos, xvgia\ Us, fl, house- 
 wife, materfamilias . 
 inoxv^Hs, n, , master of a family, 
 paterfamilias. 
 ITOI, or teptoiToi (oofAct), 01, persons, 
 
 individuals. 
 
 ***, 
 
 5. 
 etffuuof, to card, as 
 
235 
 
 oydw 
 
 wool. 
 %,u,x.ovfp.iv3( (!-, a*awV), n, av, famous, 
 
 renowned, well known. 
 ay- (ge-, ava), prep, used only in 
 
 composition. 249. 
 
 ; (/SAjVw), to see again. 
 
 again. 
 
 . to come 
 , to fall again. 
 
 , &', it is dawning, 
 it is day, impersonal. 
 ja, a?, , dry land, land. 
 ff/a, aya, av9jy, etfAftivaf, to dry. 
 a'j, a, a'y, dry. 
 
 /'$/), aw, Ta, cruet for vinegar. 
 \ /aw, Ta, vinegar. 
 6y, tj, and 
 
 (|/yj), aj, , sorrel, 
 .ey (^/yf, ^aXa), v, ra, butter- 
 (*&$*>}, to pull again. milk. 
 
 |ay^/X/ay&; (tp/X/ova;), to reconcile. /va'f (o1f), 7, av, sour. 
 
 L aj, 97, av, auburn : having auburn |/<pf, awj, 
 hair. 
 
 ;ya/'y (avoiyu), to descry, discover. 
 :vrXow (i%a. i rXou , a?et, aw, et/ttt- 
 "ay, to unfold : to stretch, extend, 
 spread. 
 
 or %etgyou, (ig tj7w), adv. = \ ^wX/a, a;, w, stripe, stroke with the 
 
 , a, o, a kind of jack-knife. 
 / (|w^ej), /aw, T, razor. 
 t^u, iffet, t<rS-/]v, tffftivtfy and 
 
 tffn, iffSnv, tffftivat, = 
 
 t /; WTaw. 
 - prep. 249. 
 
 to unhang. 
 
 v (5^), T, and 
 
 swTs/a (isvj), ay, n, strange land, 
 
 foreign country. 
 
 tve$o%i7ov, ov, TO, hotel, inn, tavern. 
 t'vuy, , ov, foreign, strange. 
 /ytff, aw, a', foreigner. 
 i<rtfyvu (<Ti%ivu), to dismount. 
 
 u (oroeTKj, iffu, to start, de- 
 part. _ 
 
 ga/3a3&/ (T^a, fva^/as), f, , to 
 escort. 
 
 w, a', Xerxes. 
 
 , aw, TO, Xeromeron, a ;>/ace. 
 
 * to tear - 
 
 , to unload. 
 (Lot. accipiter), /aw, r, 
 
 and 
 
 ytgext 
 
 i, adv. apart, besides. With 
 a-ro rev. 
 
 os (%*>iZ*>)t > ov, separate. 
 os, aw, a, expiring, dying. 
 ^w^') ?f> "*> to expire, 
 die. 
 
 Xov^ (nXay), &<ra, ^9->?v, M^ivaf, to 
 rip. 
 
 ivts, to whip, 
 
 whip. 
 
 XaxT<ra (^t/Xay, *aTT), ay, , WOod- 
 cock. // ?rtf/y possibly be a corrup- 
 tion of ffKoXoweLxet from 0-xaXeVa. 
 Aay, aw, Ta, wood : stick of wood : 
 whipping, flogging. 
 
 v^uyta |wXay, to get a whipping. 
 Aao-fl^ay, aw, , in burlesque, = <$t\c- 
 ffoos. 
 
 in burlesque, = <pi*.oiro<pu. 
 
 <** b$w, rpivos, to 
 shave. 
 
 ij, w, a, shaver, barber. 
 -T^/' (|wa-Tf/j), /aw, Ta, currycomb. 
 , wa-a, wa-S>jy, vffftivi;, to scrape : 
 scratch. 
 
 O. 
 
 -a, woe. i, 36. N. 2. 
 a /or e, '27. 12. 
 , , T, the. 62. 
 /ssAaj, aw, a, spit. 
 */}Xr, aw, a, obolus. 
 'O^Mf, aw, a. 
 ayJs^xayTa, eighty. 
 ty^annatrros, v, ov, eightieth. 
 oydayvret, = oy^ortnovret. 
 , , , eighth. 
 
oyta 
 i, adv. fashionable, = o%i. 
 
 236 
 
 to con- 
 
 6yoios, , a, 
 ftwyu, i7g, wet 
 
 duct, lead, guide. 
 Joy, 0w, , way, road. 
 o$/v!*;, , 0, painfuL 
 $, rttfo. whence. 
 eit, conj. whence : then, therefore. 
 'QSapettiKos, ij, on, Ottoman, Tougxi- 
 
 xog. 
 
 'QSvftavef, ov, a, Osmanlee, TavAaf. 
 tixnetM, ear*, *$, *ftitof, to render 
 
 familiar. Pass. cixiiotopxi, to as- 
 
 sociate with. 
 etxix, as, fi, = oixos. 
 eixoyivit* (a/xaytujj), at, , family. 
 elxaboftu, i7s, %ffx, nSwfj vptvos, to 
 
 build. 
 
 }xo9/*ia, as, , economy. 
 eixovouv, (7;, ^a, r'Srv, tjftttes, to 
 
 manage. Pass. oixi*a/*6tJp.xi, to get 
 
 along. 
 
 T0;, 0v, o, house. 
 tlxro'os, OL, of, pitiable. 
 otfti (o'/Jtoi t Itol. oirne), interj. alas, 
 
 woe 
 
 0*m, n; t 11, CEta, a mountain. 
 ixei (Turk.'}, ay, , oka or eke, a 
 
 measure and iveight. 32. N. 
 * (uc.) $, , bung o/*a cas/r. 
 txwoei, a, s>, idle, indolent, lazy. 
 xra.xatnai, 0.1, a,, eight hundred. 
 
 very rapid. 
 a'Xea6 (aXac, tj), 
 continually. 
 
 incessantly, 
 
 oXex.Xr.ges, n, 01, entire, whole. 
 
 adv. all night. 
 a'Xoj, tf, ev, whole : all. 
 oXartXat (eXerfXiif), adv. = ratvTjXiw,-. 
 ou, o, Olympus. 
 aJaf), adv. = pet^i. 
 xXes, vi, e'v, smooth, even, level : 
 regular. 
 
 etrot, T, talk, talking. 
 g, n, talk, conversation. 
 Xoi, it;, r.ffct, r,Sr,v, r,f*iio;, to talk : 
 to converse with, with pi ra. 
 ftei-Tt, tav, TO, eye. 
 
 vvoi, to swear, swear by. With rev, 
 or /} T'. 106. 
 ey'ivf, vs, , fellow-countryman. 
 ttdl^u, afa, to resemble, look like. 
 With ret, or pi Tar. 
 
 a, y, similar, like. With rev, 
 or ftl TOV. 
 
 oftti&i;, adv. likewise. 
 1/u.otco, uvet, = 
 
 opov, adv. = 
 
 brella. 
 
 (Ilal. ombrella), f, , um- 
 
 ap<petXo's, tv, i, navel. 
 , conj but. however. 
 
 ay, ti, ev, eight hundredth. j 0V, a"Wiy, TO, being. 
 
 .Tit-root (oxTx-rov;'), nv, TO, polypus. e* 
 TU, eight. 
 
 .T*$otes (Lat. October), ov, o, Octo- 
 ber. 
 .xxsots, rt, or, = oXoxXnoe;. 
 
 t, x, n, destructive, ruinous. 
 !, ev, 9, destruction, ruin, per- 
 dition 
 
 !j), adv. all day. 
 v, few in number. 
 X/>a, adv. a little. 
 
 ;, r,, ot, little, few. 
 
 -' oXiyot, soon : shortly after. OTIO, v, -ra, opium 
 vu (oX/yaa-rae), ivirx, to ci- onrSti, find 
 mini.sh, dt-crease : to abate. Ivio-u, adv. back, backwards : behind. 
 
 ITOICLM, 74. N. 2. 
 
 i/S, to dream. With rir. 
 
 , at/, a, interpreter of dreams. 
 ij>6*, ev, TO, dream. 
 fto., ro;, TO, name : noun. 
 ^^w, euro., oiffSni, ctfftiva;, to name, 
 call. 
 
 ecf (TrAr.), a, a, ^ xufttoec. 
 v, veibs in, 83. N. 6. 
 7o., us, fi, the acute accent 
 oi, us, 11, beech. 
 s> *7<x., v, acute, sharp. 
 
 f, jTf, , fewness, paucity. 
 
 aj, , 0v, 74 : 75 : 232. 2. 
 
237 
 
 OTl 
 
 orates, et, ov, whoever, whosoever. 
 
 74 : 232. 2. 
 orataffM-rori, whoever, whosoever, 
 
 whatsoever : he who. 74 : 
 
 232. L\ 
 
 o-roffov, adv. = orov. 
 ovoros, = 'o'ffos. 
 oKoretv, adv. and 
 oTOTt, or oxen, adv. whenever. 
 otrov, adv, where : wherever, whereso- 
 
 ever. 232. 2. 
 o-rovy adv. where : whither : when, 
 
 oTctv: that, art : so that, that, urn'- 
 
 since. 
 
 Where ; tls TOV roirov ojrov lytv- 
 
 >jSxi, in the place where he was 
 
 born. 
 
 Whither ; <xriya.m IxtT ovov a\ 
 
 ff-ri*.vea, go whither I send you. 
 
 When j -TOV xxipav ovrov ixnoetv at 
 i, in the time 
 
 when the Turks took Mesolonggi ; 
 'i%u ruoK i'ixoffi %0ovovs oirov Ssv TOV 
 75, it is now twenty years since I 
 have seen him, literally, I have now 
 twenty years during which I have 
 not seen him. 
 
 That ; etv uvro or^ol^trKt o-rov 
 xetSivets S-i\ti va xaiptvy rev avS-iv- 
 rtiv, from this it proceeds that every 
 one wishes to play the master. 
 
 So that, so as ; TOV 'fin get y rotrov 
 Cfou SHV rtftfeos.! vet cra.\ivyr t euro TOV 
 TflTav TOW, they beat Iiim so much, 
 that he could not stir from his place. 
 pron. == o ozroTos, orris. 74 : 
 232. 2. 
 
 ovru(>ix,ev t ev, ro, tree-fruit. 
 otrus, adv. as, in whatever manner. 
 
 232. 2. 
 
 ogetffis, tus, f,, sight, vision. 
 OOKTO';, tj, av, visible. 
 o^'ya.vifffAos, av, o, regulation. 
 og-yetvov, ou, ro, instrument. 
 ff, fi, wrath. 
 i, us, fi, fathom. 
 
 %&w t to long for, desire 
 earnestly. With ro'v. 
 
 s, it, 0v, mountainous : living on 
 the mountains. 
 
 y>, appetite. 
 ci, adv. in an erect posture : cor- 
 
 rectly, rightly. 
 
 ofias, rt, ev, erect, upright : correct, 
 - right. 
 
 o^SflTjjs, HTOS, fi, correctness. 
 ofiuS) adv. correctly, tightly. 
 eg/a, iffct, to command : to be the 
 
 master of, with r'ov. 
 
 ogio-rt (aor. imperat. for o^<VTi), 
 
 please take (or do any thing) : sir, 
 
 what do you wish ? os, l\avv^ / 
 
 'Qgirrt, John ! Sir. 
 ogi^av, OVTO;, o, horizon. 
 ogtov, av, ro, limit. 
 ogiffftos, ou, o, definition : command. 
 ogxi^w, if a, iff&r,v, iffftivos, to swear, 
 
 cause to take an oath : to conjure. 
 
 Pass, ogxi^opeti, to take an oath, 
 
 swear. 
 ogxos, ov, 0, oath. 
 
 ws, , rush, impetuosity : rapid 
 
 motion. 
 
 ogpw, cts, tiffu, to rush. With xetret 
 
 roZ, or tlf TOV. 
 ogvtov, ov, ro, vulture. 
 Ovi9-a (oovis), as, fi, hen. 
 fyos, ovs, ro, mountain. 
 ogrviti, tov, TO, and 
 ofrvg, wyes, o, quail. 
 og<puvos, , ov, orphan. 
 -os for -uv, 42. N. 4. 
 oft, and 
 oirev, adv. as, as much as. 
 
 oVv va is often used for tas voi, 
 
 or ienarou v, until ; and for ivory, 
 
 as long as, while. 
 ores, v, ov, as, as much as. 75 : 
 
 232. 2. 
 
 ofev ro xotr' tpi, for my part. 
 (Lot. hospitium), ov, ro, = 
 
 oix,os, olxiee. 
 
 v, ov, ro, pulse, as beans, lentil. 
 , vs, *), Ossa, a mountain. 
 orris, jT/ff, o n, who : whoever, who- 
 
 soever, whatever, whatsoever. 
 
 74 : 232. 2. 
 
 off$(>nffis, tus, fi, smelling. 
 oVav, adv. when : whenever. 232. 2. 
 en, conj. that. 
 on, adv. just, just now. With the 
 
 aorist indicative. 
 o ri, from of rif, 
 
OTIV 
 
 238 
 
 nnli 
 
 JW, 74. N. 1. 
 
 *oroiftoi, = iroipcf. 
 
 ov for o, I, v, 27. 13. 
 
 tvti, conj. = OVTI. 
 
 ovbiri(>os, a, ay, neutral : neuter. 
 
 evtirigoTtif, tiros, fit neutrality. 
 
 ovi'x uet, vet), a.s, , selvedge. 
 
 flJX0;, = Xoj. 
 
 iv^d, a,;, , tail. 
 
 ovgeivies, a, v, heavenly, celestial. 
 
 ouoxvei, 6v, o, heaven. 
 
 vettyovi (Ital. pavone), tev, ro, peacock, 
 
 TO.US. 
 
 ayflf), urx, uftivos, to freeze. 
 , ov, o, ice. 
 
 voi (irdyVoi), tov, ro, a kind of 
 crab : a kind of flagon, usually 
 made of lead. 
 
 >w), r lt ov, tailed, having a disease, iff. 
 
 , , ov, passive. 
 ovs, ro, passion : suffering : 
 
 tail. -raiyviSi (rotiyviov), nv, ro, play, sport : 
 
 us, ft, essence : substance. musical instrument. 
 
 cvsiarrixes, t\, ov, substantive, rai^ujti, ro, little or dear <ra.io't. 
 
 ovffiu^fj;, i$, essential : substantial. <${/, us, ft, education, learning : 
 
 ovri, adv. neither, nor. punishment, rtu-u^a.. 
 
 evridoivos, ti, ov, worthless, good for vaibivu, tvret, tv&nv, ivpivos, = ri t u<u- 
 
 nothing. p^u. 
 
 euros, uurt), rovro, = TOVTOS. fault, tov, ro, boy. 
 
 fvrus, adv. thus, so. <rudietx*<rios, u, ov, boyish, childish, 
 
 ofsXos, r, benefit, profit, advantage, puerile. 
 
 rj, ov, juvenile. 
 
 .ov (trai^i), ov, ro, little /$/. 
 tioov\i, lev, ro, = the preceding. 
 
 to play on a musical instrument, 
 ;, o, snake ' serpent. uith rot. 
 
 o$vt), lev, ro, eyebrow. vfeti%iftev (<r<r^), ares, ro, playing. 
 
 , *;, ft, = i%is. -ra-i^u (i-ru'ieu), to take : to take off: 
 
 /), adv. no, not. to buy. 
 
 service. 
 'lit, lev, ro, = ofis* 
 
 (Ital. uficiale), ov, o, officer. 
 ov, ro, office : profession, 
 
 os, u, ov, troublesome ' vexatious. <rxreya, uo-a, u$r,\/, waives, to lease. 
 , ev, o, multitude of men : mob. irdxros, ov, o, lease. 
 
 , n, ov, late, as fruit* 
 S-^i;, iv;, fi, aspect, appearance : coun- 
 tenance : the right side of a gar- 
 ment. 
 
 n. 
 
 jr/or, after ft, 27. 14. 
 ar, see ' 106. 
 
 ira.ya.tta. (Lnt. paganus), ;, ft, troop, 
 multitude. 
 
 , to render old : to 
 grow old, to be old. 
 
 Jia/flf, a, ay, old : ancient. 
 r/.a/a/, a/s-a, to wrestle. 
 
 Xa/W/;, tv;, , the state of being 
 old. 
 
 Afl'. / fccfle< (wnc.) >fly, <re, cable. 
 Xa/tw, >?, , palm c/Me Aanrf. 
 tXein (Lot. palatium), <y, T, 
 palace. 
 
 <ra.yis, t, o, ra.T'^a.s. 
 *,y'n, tlos, ft, trap : snare. 
 Tu.yKa.Kt;, n, ov, very wicked. 
 
 x/, and 
 
 <ra'A.*y, ady. again : still : on the other 
 hand. 
 
7i ah 
 
 239 
 
 ,at <raa, <raXXj, tou, TO, 
 lad : young man : brave man. 
 
 a, oy, = vra.Xa.id;. iruveevs, ov, o, grandfather. 
 
 ;, a, o, a great TaXX*a0/. fu/>oi, prep. 192 : 201. 
 
 adv. too, very. With adjectives 
 or adverbs. 
 
 !06/3aXX (/3XX&), to compare. 
 a.XXtjxa.ooi>di, tov. TO, dear crXX- With TOV /u.t TOV. 
 
 xd/>t. iru(>u$uivsi> (fiu'tvu), to transgress, vio- 
 
 raXowx/ (irolff<ru%.os, Ital. palo), lav, TO, j late, 
 pole, stake. fiagvvu (/3^'y), to overbur- 
 
 yoy, to impale, after the Turkish -ffu^uyyiXiot, KS, f>, commission, order, 
 Jashion. charge. 
 
 '.TOS, TO, impaling. 
 o, o, Pamper. 
 
 vuv, KVTO'S, T, the universe. 
 Tava'3-X/of, , ov, perfectly wretched. 
 Haveey'iae, us, f>, the All-Holy Virgin. 
 vruvnyvtJi (ntvriyvfjig) tov, TO, religious 
 
 anniversary, celebrated at the church j pie, for instance. 
 of the saint of the day. \ retgci'&uo-o;, ev, o, paradise. 
 
 fetvi (Ital. panno), tov, TO, cloth, of -ra^aJa^af , n, ev, strange, astonishing, 
 all kinds, except woollen : sail of a < marvellous. 
 
 to commission, order, charge. 
 (Siyu), to derive. 
 ?, j, , derivation. 
 , are;, TO, example. 
 
 Tas %ugiv, for exam- 
 
 vessel. 
 
 9fet*Toi<ruffi, adv. entirely, in all re- 
 spects. 
 
 *avr;u, adv. = VUVTOU. 
 
 vruvTtXeHs, adv. at all. 
 
 yretvri^x (Lot. bandiera), ;, , = 
 evftutu. 
 
 vreivTOTt, adv. always : continually. 
 vrotvTov (*',), adv. everywhere. 
 
 JTUVOV, and 
 JTUVOJ = i-reivett. 
 
 xuvuXn (iruveaA.ns)i ns t > plague. 
 Tral^a-'S/ (Egypt. ?), lov, TO, hard 
 biscuit, rusk. 
 
 e f (Ital. papagallo), ov, o, 
 
 i (?rTaf)> ? > priest*s wife. 
 (Ital. papavero), ay, f>, 
 
 (t%u), to have too much. 
 
 ev, TO, = 
 sea-shore, sea-coast. 
 
 a, *, maritime. 
 gj, tou, TO, and 
 9ov, ov, TO, window. 
 i (etiru), t7s, tree, Sy, r,ftiv<); t 
 to leave off, to give up. 
 
 n, ev, untimely, unseason- 
 able. 
 
 u (xetKu), to pray, beseech, 
 
 (xciree), adv. a little below 
 or lower : less, as applied to price. 
 With ot-ro TOV. 
 
 /t, %;, , decline. 
 , r,s, ft, disobedience. 
 u (\vu), to paralyze. 
 <frana.jjt.iXu (aXsAo;), to neglect 
 rotget/u.ixgov t ov, TO, the smallest thing. 
 TO, tale, storj', 
 
 poppy, 
 vet-rets (W-raj), a, e, = itftus. 120. 
 
 N. 2. 
 
 rafus, a, o', the pope. 34. N. 
 Wr/a (onomatopey), as, ft, duck. 
 vret-rovTin (Turk.), iav, r, shoe. 
 ^raV-Tij, ov, a, and 
 
 fictitious narrative. 
 
 , v, ov, that breaks the law. 
 ioi, ei;, , strangeness, oddity, 
 queerness, whim. 
 
 or!-svo?, n, ov, strange, odd, queer, 
 whimsical. 
 
 aarv (ot-rdvu), adv. a little above 
 or higher : more. With otvo TOV. 
 s (Turk.), us, o, para, a Turkish 
 
7i</ ? 240 
 
 coin '. money, cash, ^or.u.a.ra,. \ vretfr^txeg, v\, ov, clean : cleanly. 
 
 vra^ctffxivn, ?, rt, Friday. ' vrdff^a. (Hebr.}, re, passover : the 
 
 vra.oa.ffret'itea (ffra.'ivu\ to represent. feast of Easter. 
 
 vrtx.oa.ffrtt.fft;, lug, fi, representation. <rot<r^i^et (-TV^A), tret, to endeavour, 
 :ev, ev, re, the quality of trv, strive. 
 
 appearing well in company, the vreiv^u, to suffer. 
 
 being an accomplished gentleman. vrarigag, a, 6, =. -rarv]^. 
 
 vragctffvou (ffvoiu), to lead astray. -rxrssux (vreiri^ V}/UMV), ret, = KOfivrt- 
 vretgeirafyg, lug, r,, procession, a train f%eivt, xefAveXeyi. 
 
 of persons, fyc. \ Wrr/ua, areg, TO, treading : step. 
 
 vntp^ctrriotifftg, itug, r\, observation. vra,rr\^, vraroig, e, father. The voca- 
 vra.oa.rnou (T), to observe. live relrig, when a title of resjiect, 
 
 vra.oa.vTx., adv. instantly, immediately. may stand for the nominative; as, 
 
 vra.$a,\ot (vrtiobat\ii), , ev, speckled, o veirio TlacQvevriog, father Paphnu- 
 
 spotted. tios. 43. 4. 
 
 tretoir.xffi;, ivg, r,, digression : devia- Yla.rp.io;, ev, e, a Patmian. 
 
 tion. YIa.riu.ig, ev, fi, Patmos, an island, 
 vrecoixit, or fa.ojix.il (ixtf), adv. a little 
 
 farther. to make the story of a house. 
 
 Tag*!, COM;, than, except, -reteei- -rcirog, ev, o, bottom. 
 
 vra.cio%oft<u (io%efta.i), to pass away. YYa.r^a.i, uv, at, Patrae, a city. 
 
 vra^veiffxtuctt (ivi<rxepeti), to be pres- vretr^cio^;, ev, o, patriarch. 
 
 >/a, ag, ri, consolation, solace : tretr^ixeg, *>, ev, paternal. 
 
 relief. 
 
 t~:, nffa., >i9-j, vpireg, to 
 
 console, comfort. 
 
 (Ital. parlamento), eu, 
 
 rgig, /$$, w, country, native coun- 
 try : native town or place. 
 
 '$T?, ev, transmitted from 
 
 ones ancestors. 
 
 TO, parliament. vrctryievoet (Engl, ?), Kg, fi, pitcher. 
 
 raoeifAix., etg, r>, proverb. vra.ru, lig, nffet, r.&w, ruiveg, to tread, 
 rotoafttitg, u., ev, similar, very similar. ! trample : to attack, as a town or 
 rct^vr'nt, ag, ft, presence. house. 
 
 IT) vraenuffia, rev, in the presence vrdTufta., areg, re, story of a house. 
 of. I Travu, avffa., avuivcg, to cause to cease : 
 retgavffiei^u, uffie, ciffSrv, nffftives, to ' to cease. 
 
 present : to exhibit. T*%atlvu, = vret^vvet. 
 
 ra.fpnrni2,w, improperly used for vrx- 9-ei%v*, ng, , frost. 
 
 tavfftK^v. r-%vi (<purm), lev, re, manger, crib. 
 
 rdoripev (<raivtt), areg, TO, taking. vrd%og, evg, TO, fat, fatness. 
 
 uv, tvffu, ev, present. <ra%vi*>, wet, vSnv, to fatten : to grow 
 
 xa.ro. re vra.ov, at present, for or become fat. 
 
 the present. vret%vg, i7, v, fat. 
 
 <r;, vraffct, vreiv, all, every, xdi. vra^vmg, nreg, fi, fatness. 
 
 The ignorant use <ra,ffct for all the vribiiig, ctbog, fi, plain, level ground. 
 
 numbers and enders. 9ilix\evu (Lot. pedica, sri5), and 
 
 TO.;, CO/'/. = ftrivrus. qrtoovxXovu, uaa,, u^^v, uftiveg, to 
 vrctrcig, and fetter, shackle : to trip up. 
 
 fetffiaig (Ti/rA-.), , o, pasha. *"ie'v, ev, re, infantry. 
 
 vra.ffffa.Xeg, ev, e, pole, stake, vrotXevxi. trivet, rt, ev, on foot. 
 
 vrdffrgix. (-r^T6), a-g, fi, cleanliness. vFt^ovga, ag, , infantry, TO vril^iv. 
 
 vra.ffrpivu, tvffa, ivSriv, ivpttvog, to vriS-aivu, = stvr&aivu, a,vrevrirxei 
 
 clean : to despatch, to put to death, vri'&u, uret, t'trSnv, tiff*ivg, to per- 
 
241 
 
 suade. 
 
 Tva, St > hunger : famine. 
 
 ivu, Kg, cto-tt., to hunger, be hungry. 
 
 wuvKfffttYos, t], ov, hungry. 
 
 , j, , experience : trial. 
 
 to 
 
 trouble, vex : to hurt, to be injuri- 
 ous, /SXaVra/. 
 ir/Ts;;, ov, a, pirate. 
 *t7<rf*et, Ttf t TO, obstinacy, wilfulness. 
 ixus, adv. obstinately. 
 v, ov, TO, and 
 $, ovs, TO, and 
 o, ov, TO, the open sea. 
 
 av), ov, o, carpenter : 
 pelican. 
 
 i$K (^ri^ixu), ;, fi, and 
 oi, tov, TO, chip. 
 
 , K;, riffet, JjS-^v, nu'-vi;, to hew. 
 , vis, TJ, Thursday. 
 n, ov, fifth. 
 
 x, Z;, fi, mother-in-law. 
 
 5, ov, o, father-in-law. 
 trivia, a;, fi, poverty. 
 -VTxfl'<r/a/, at, K, five hundred. 
 iftvTanotriooTos, ri, ov, five hundredth. 
 
 rVTV/aflV ("TiVTl, >W^a), OV, TO, 
 
 plantain, a plant. 
 
 , fifty. 
 
 'ovi (iri-ruv), iov, TO, muskmelon. 
 ^a, adv. on the other side : over. 
 With ih rov. 
 
 \K,t7 vloa, there on the other side. 
 &u Tiga., here on this side. 
 f/3< (-T^/, *&;), iov t TO, frame, 
 as of a picture : sash. 
 
 lf^iKut., a;, /], and 
 i^oinxs, et, o, and 
 ifii^ ixos, o, partridge. 
 &!, prep. 192: 201. 
 tp^ia^M ($<w), to celebrate in song. 
 s, *i, o, gardener. 
 ^'/2aXaj), iov, TO, garden. 
 a (/a/S/v), aya, to prome- 
 nade, walk about. 
 
 as, r>, curiosity : notice. 
 n, ov, curious, inquisitive. 
 xi (%g%op,eti), to go around. 
 'jy/)Ti5f, ov, o, traveller. 
 i(&u(>i (S-sw^ftJ), iov, TO, margin of a 
 page. 
 
 21 
 
 ov, w, period. 
 os, ov, o, confinement. 
 as, ft, property. 
 , ev, o, walk. 
 u (vat.<rca), to walk. 
 
 tu$, '/i, event, case. 
 , tvo-a, to remain over. With 
 OV of the person. 
 ffffo;, 97, ov, much, abundant. 
 
 adv. more. 
 o;, a, ov, more. 
 , iu;, fi, circumstance : case. 
 , a.;, t), and 
 
 ft, iov, -TO, dove, pigeon. 
 v, avos, o, dove-cot. 
 
 , t7s, riffet, to talk non- 
 sense. 
 
 , and 
 
 (<pe<w), to carry about. Pass. 
 
 t to go about. 
 iq>6ovntri$, itus, vi, contempt, disre- 
 gard. 
 
 ^iQ^ovu (ipgovea), to despise, treat 
 with contempt. 
 
 $, to pass : to pass away. 
 106. 
 
 TO.}; TriQctfffj.ivu.is, the other day. 
 vrtgvu TIVOI Kiro ro ffTrxd-i, to put 
 one to the sword. 
 ovi, iov, TO, fork. 
 
 , ov, o, a Persian. 
 a's, , ov, Persian. 
 adv. last year. 
 (vtTrna), ctros, TO, fall, TTW- 
 
 oi (WrasXav), f, fi, limpet. 
 , eu, TO, horseshoe. 
 l<r/v| 70, TSTaXa, he is dead, 
 a comical expression. 
 
 ovba. (-nru) u;, ft, butterflv. 
 fl;, ov, o, cock : cock of a gun. 
 
 * , stone. 
 , n, ov, of stone. 
 vrtT(>ubrif, tg, Stony. 
 KiTo-i (irlirxoi), iov, TO = S'-gftet. 
 <rtr*j, s, to throw away : to fly. 
 Pass, vrtriovftoii, to fly. 106. 
 
 TOV r*raav TO xtfaXi, they 
 struck off his head. 
 
 vKn), ov, o, pine. 
 
ntqpt 
 
 24-2 
 
 >.>/ (<rXyf), TO, side, vXtvoav, as 
 of a person. 
 
 tu, affcc, to lie down. 
 , at, ot, oblique. 
 
 VifTv, = -rivrru. 
 
 9fiyu$i (<ri!yj), lou, TO, a well. 
 
 rwyaitu (vvraytf}, to go : to carry to 
 
 any place. 106. 
 vjyatov, ov TO, rue, a plant. trXaa (<rX), *f, n, slab. 
 
 15, jf, , source, spring of ivater, 
 
 fountain, /Wo-n. lay : to overtake. 
 
 , to over- 
 
 TO, rudder. 
 
 j, >, i$jy, f*iv<>i, to jump, 
 leap. 
 
 (rjyvvpu), %a t nypius, to cur- 
 dle, coagulate. 
 
 xTof, , on, curdled, coagulated. 
 ow, TO, Pelion, a mountain. 
 
 ;, 
 
 or s-a, j3}y or 
 , to deceive. 
 
 /aw, -re, = c 
 w, a, creator. 
 
 , ra, loaf o/" 
 
 , , Platamona, 
 
 <, arfi). = rA<, <rAfay. j <rX*Tosyof, ev, o, plane-tree. 
 
 vrtatu (w/a^to), ifntra., a,f$rii, atru.i- ?rXT, >j, , shoulder : shoulder- 
 
 >oj, to catch, take. blade. 
 
 -/Tay (Ital. piatto), ov, TO, plate, dish. crXaroj, eu;, TO, breadth, width ; lati- 
 tude. 
 ?rXarT, ay a,, a,7r,v, arftsvo;, to form 
 
 to forge, fabricate. 
 frXaTwf. *7, v, broad, wide. 
 
 of, a, 01, more, from <roXi/$. 
 tj;, g^;9y, typ'tvo?, to knit : 
 to braid, as the hair, with TO* of the 
 
 n), ;, j, span. 
 o;, jj, , probable. 
 
 /*'), Tfl, = triOT99. 
 
 (*txos) t as, ft, bitterness, /- 
 x^flTHj : affliction, grief, Ai5<r. 
 eetivu, avet, avS^y, ctp.p,i*cj, to em- 
 bitter. 
 
 Tixoa.fjtff.iiti, n, at, means also 
 
 person, as, 
 
 , let me 
 
 afflicted. 
 >?, , o>, bitter. 
 
 oj, i, bitterness. 
 T/'y*, to drink. 1O6. 
 
 roy, ov, TO, drink : drinking, 
 t^; (a-T), tov, TO, pepper. 
 
 *, to fall : to fall off, with i-ro 
 Toy : to fall to one's share, with 
 rev ' to be heard, as a gun. 
 us, }, pitch : tar. 
 *, and 
 
 ivo-et, tv&nv, tvpivast to be- vrAijy, conj. but. 
 lieve. 
 
 u:, fi, faith, 
 
 roXoe (//a/, pistola), a;, r,, and 
 roXi, lev, TO, pistol. 
 oX/, ?, j, the report of a pistol. 
 os, r,, oy, faithful, 
 of, ov, i, confident. 
 rlv o t = or lo ot. 
 
 (unc.), J, A, pie. 
 
 ; e oy), ,-, j, dandriff. 
 ow, TO, bran. 
 
 braid your hair. 
 
 i (rw / w<yy), /ow, ro, lungs. 
 s'oy, orfw. more : any longer : yet. 
 st/tfo'y, o?, <ro, side, rib. 
 &, to sail : to float. 10G. 
 ?, *, wound. 
 
 ft>, wo-flt, ^Sjy, upivos, to wound. 
 
 , or/j, T, abundance, plenty : 
 multitude. 
 
 t/yx, i/y$ny, to multiply, in. 
 crease. 
 
 plenipotentiary : representative. 
 <r\nooiu, caret, ^y, efti*9{, to pay- 
 ta, as, f>, information. 
 
 to 
 inform. 
 
 pay. 
 
 to draw near, approach. 
 /,- -ray. 
 at/i'. near. ffTM row, or i/j 
 
243 
 
 TlOQTl 
 
 , ov, neighbouring. 
 
 TLXta.ffx.ats, as, a', Pliaskas. 
 
 rX/a, = wXeay. 
 
 a-Aa/as^a? (irAaray, *%), aw, fl, cap- 
 
 tain o/'a vessel. 
 *Xo7av, ov, TO, vessel, sail. 
 ?rAflVx (/fa/. fiasca), ?, , flagon, 
 
 flask. 
 
 rich. 
 
 adv. richly. 
 a,, ov, rich, wealthy. 
 os, ov, o, Plutarch. 
 , tret, icr&yv, iffftivos, Jto en- 
 
 <rXetJTos, ev, o, riches, wealth. 40. 
 jrXvvu, vvx, v&riv, vplvos, to wash, as 
 
 clothes, dishes, the feet, $c. See 
 
 also 
 
 ,, KTO;, TG, spirit : ghost : ge- 
 nius. 
 
 jTvtvfAKTixos, vi, ev, spiritual. 
 vevtvfjtKTix.es, ov, o, confessor, a priest. 
 wia, to blow, as wind : to breathe. 
 
 , iyw, lyftivas, to choke : to 
 drown. Pass, rvi'yef&cti, also to 
 founder, sink, go to the bottom, as 
 a ship. 
 
 vafi, rig, ft, breath. 
 , = a.#f. 
 ob&i, iw, ro, foot. 
 
 vroSi, lev, TO, = yrotieigt. 
 
 robxi (vti/), us, fi, apron : foot of a 
 
 mountain. 
 vro&iv, adv. whence. 
 zroiyffis, tut, fi, poetry. 
 ^a/TjTJij, ov, o, poet. 
 ?ra/>}T/*o5, w, o'v, poetic, poetical. 
 vroixiXos, v, ov, various. 
 trow/), >jf, i\, penalty, punishment. 
 vroTot, a., ov, who, which. 70. 
 vroioms, n-TOi, fi, (juality. 
 
 j, ov, f, polemarch. 
 
 martial, as sound. 
 
 , ov, o, war: battle, 
 
 Xtftu, ti$, nffac,, S^jy, nftivos, to 
 fight : to endeavour, try, strive, 
 
 . 
 = <roX/f. 
 
 .f, y, siege: blockade. 
 
 <roX/a^x&, t~f, rto-a, f&nv, nftivof, to 
 
 besiege. 
 
 iraX/j, tag, > city ' Constantinople. 
 TaX<T/, a.?, vi, constitution : state : 
 
 city, raX<j. 
 ^raX/rswa^a/, tuSyv, to treat politely or 
 
 with kindness. 
 raX/T??, ijw, a, citizen. 
 ?raX/T/xy, at;, ra, civility, politeness. 
 fTaA/T/xaV, ), av, political. 
 woXirtxus, adv. politically. 
 , adv. much, very. 
 
 (aya-r^), >j, ov, much 
 beloved. 
 
 raXXacx/j, adv. often, many times. 
 araXXasTXir<a0<<, aertx, eig-^nv, eto-ftivef, 
 to multiply. 
 
 les, ov, o, pole, os of a sphere. 
 <ro\v, adv. much. 
 
 (xai^os^, vi, ot, old, stale. 
 , ov, a, Pol)'carp. 
 ;, a, o, = TaXyXcyas. 
 , j, ^, loquacity, 
 y, ov, a, great talker. 
 /, i7s, wrx, to talk too much, 
 /as, aj, w, learning, erudition, 
 j, tj, learned. 
 , 7, ay, multiform. 
 ;, ?, numberless, numer- 
 ous. 
 
 Xvy, 5r<?XXj7, ToXv, much, many. 
 52 : 57. 
 
 , >?, ay, very complex. 
 
 waXwj, ^n)'> , , a 
 man of many trades. 
 Xvrtfjtes, vi, ov, valuable, costly. 
 XyrXaj, tliat has suffered much ; 
 not Romaic. 
 
 \vr^o<ros, n, ov, versatile : crafty. 
 Xz/^ay<aj, a, ey, of long duration, 
 long. 
 
 vivrvs (Ital. ponente), v>, o, the west 
 wind. 
 
 es, a, ay, wicked, xaxos ' cunning, 
 roguish, artful. 
 VOS, ov, o, pain. 
 vrmos, ov, o, mouse. 
 u, {is, tffcx., tptvos, to ache : to feel 
 pain. 
 
 vroftptfov, ov, TO, ferryboat. 
 Ila^aj, ev, o, Poros, an island. 
 
710QT 
 
 iro^Ttt. (Hal. porta), as, , = S^. 
 *reort>xa.\i (Portugal}, iov, TO, orange. 
 feoTovXx, as, fi, little -re^Ta. 
 reffos, v, 0v, how much, how many. 
 feo-'oTn;, r,ros, fi, quantity. 
 
 TLoTa/Ma, a;, f>, Potamia, a place. 
 
 roTaftes, ov, TO, river. 
 
 zroTaros, , ov, low, vulgar. 
 
 TOTI, adv. when. 
 
 T9TS, adv. ever : once, formerly : 
 
 never, after a question. With ftev, 
 
 rov.^c. 171 : 189. 
 vfoTr,oi, iov, TO, cup, tumbler, glass. 
 ro-ri^iu, iff a, /VSnv, iffftivif, to give to 
 
 drink, to water. 
 irov, adv. where, 
 '{row, = orov. 
 
 rovyyi (unc.} iov, T, purse : purse, 
 f five hundred piasters. 
 
 , iv;, o, ambassador, minister. 
 y, , priest's wife, **- 
 
 ), adv. = fovfoTi. 
 reiiXu.x.1, TO, little or dear vrovXt. * 
 (ruXog), iov, TO, Colt, foal. 
 ./ (Lot.) pullus), iov, TO, bird : 
 chicken. 
 
 (*ou, vtTt), adv. anywhere : 
 nowhere. 171. 
 
 rev^eioi, = TSIVKOI. 
 
 rov^'ov (ravi), TO, morning : in the 
 
 morning. 
 
 <fpjiyt*ot, UTO;, TO, thing, article of 
 trade : affairs, in the plural. 
 iitt, and 
 
 iiei, a;, ri, business : merchan- 
 disc : trade, traffic : treatise. 
 
 ov, o, = 
 , ri, on, practical. 
 
 , i>s, , deed, act : practice. 
 otto-HOLoa,* as, , greenness. 
 ooLo-iv't^u, tret, to look green. 
 otto"!*!);, ti, tv, green, 
 g&ffirvXo., etf, fi, intense greenness. 
 cciffav, ov, TO, leek. 
 5TfT (r^y^.ee.Tu), TK, domestic 
 
 animals, &!. 
 ^TT4>, |, a^Sj, ay pives, to do, 
 
 act. 
 ^ini, it is proper, one must : it be- 
 
 comes, Wit/1 70V. 
 
 , to swell. 106. 
 }-/ta, KTOS, TO, swelling. 
 -^iyxi-^ (Lot. princeps), i-ros, o, 
 
 prince. 
 
 r^<*, = Tinea,. 
 -iv, prep, before. 201 : 225. 1. 
 
 /naf,) iov, TO, scarlet-oak. 
 ivi, iov, TO, saw. 
 
 , ura, irSnv, ifftivog, to saw. 
 generally followed by , = 
 
 *-<,;,. 
 
 iroo, prep. 1 92. 
 
 butu}, to injure before. 
 (XXaj), used only in the 
 exjiression r/j ir^aaXXa/f, the other 
 day, some time ago. 
 XX (/3AX<w), to show forth : 
 to propose. 
 
 , as, fl, ewe. 
 , ev, TO, sheep. 
 
 Tts, TO, proposal : problem. 
 Gy.uu.a, etTo;, TO, breakfast. 
 oyivfjiaTi^ef (yivfAetTi^v), iff a, to 
 breakfast. 
 
 oyovoi, uv, ol, ancestors. 
 oVibu (J/J), to betray. 
 o$oTt)s, ov, o, traitor. 
 ie&ftM (tz%oftai), to proceed, 
 come from. 
 
 os, ev, o, and 
 
 u;, UTSS, o, the chief magistrate 
 of a town : the prior of a convent. 
 
 ^&i), to prepare 
 beforehand : to predispose. 
 ooiToifiotffia, as, ft, preparation. 
 gcStffis, t*>s> *i, preposition. 
 goSvpia, as, v, eagerness, readiness : 
 
 ardor. 
 
 f&vfAos, n, ov, eager, ready : ardent. 
 ^oixa (T<!), at, fi, dowry. 
 eoixigu, iffoi, iffSr.i, itr/u.ivo;, to give a 
 dowry : to endow. 
 esixi'ov, ov, TO, = trooixet- 
 goTotTo., uy, TU, produce, productions. 
 otxttftitov, ev, TO, subject of a dis- 
 course. 
 o9xey.y.''mo;, see <ro9XO<rTv. 
 
 gtxor*, 5f, education, r/Ji/, learn- 
 ing : improvement. 
 
245 
 
 nvqy 
 
 , to make progress, 
 
 proficiency : to improve. 
 
 vgo>co/u,/u,ivos, n, ov, educated, 
 
 learned. 57. 
 <rgoxgivea (xgivu), to prefer. With TOV 
 
 oc.ro rev. 
 
 9rgoXy4-is, lu *> *>> prejudice. 
 fftfm&tMi, tvo-x, tvS-wv, tvpivos, to 
 
 provide. 
 
 rgdwet, ;, , providence. 
 TO%SVIK (vgofyvos), Us, *i, solicitation 
 
 of a woman in marriage, suit. 
 yrge^tvu, i/V, no-ee., to cause, occasion. 
 ov, n, progress. 
 
 offtt.i), to go before. 
 trgog, prep. 201. 
 
 vrgos TOVTOIS, in addition to this, 
 
 moreover. 
 irgoiroio^u (^to^u), to appoint pre- 
 
 viously. 
 
 vrgofftvxv, tig, vi, prayer. 
 vgoffi^eu (ix, ca \ to P a y attention : to 
 
 take care, see. 
 vrgoo-vjxo'vofAon (rvKovafAKi), to rise in 
 
 compliment to a person. 
 vgoffS'tTu (SsTu), to add. 
 yr^oirx.a.Ku (xtoXu), to invite. 
 #t>oo : x,t>).\u (xoXX&<), to attach, stick, 
 
 adhere. 
 r^oirxwu, tit or us, no-ei, vftivot, to 
 
 worship : to surrender, intransitive. 
 rOffXctp.j>>(ivu (Xa^/Savw), to take in 
 
 addition. 
 
 ivu (pivu), to wait for. With 
 
 rov. 
 
 o<ro%j, w, fi, attention. 
 
 off<raiov/u.ati (*oiu), iTffeu, S->jv, to 
 
 pretend, feign. 
 
 offrK'yr>, r,s, fi, command, order. 
 
 veg, to command, order. 
 
 ipay/)> iou, TO, meat, any 
 thing eaten with bread. 
 
 adv. pleasantly, agreeably, 
 charmingly. 
 
 (;e*?0i " ov jy ful P leas - 
 
 ant, agreeable, smiling. 
 afftvtx.oi, 7, v, personal. 
 offuTixus, adv. personally. 
 o<ruvt>V) ev, TO, face. 38. N. 
 orlonftot, etros> TO, excellency, merit. 
 oTi.gov, adv. formerly. 
 
 21* 
 
 V Vfl6, = 
 
 (vrgo, 
 
 \ adv. on the 
 face, on the belly, prone, not ava- 
 
 to express, utter : to 
 pronounce. 
 otpSetivu, and 
 
 ^Sav<w), to come or arrive 
 quickly. 
 
 Zs, fi, pronunciation. 
 *?, >5f, fi, precaution. 
 'ts, adv. the day before yesterday. 
 capju (^uoju}^ to advance, proceed. 
 ts (Wig), adv. the evening before 
 st. 
 
 tvv, us, fi, stern, poop. 
 i, adv. in the morning. 
 , fi, ov, early, as fruits. 
 ov (vrguros}, ev, TO, = xeivt- 
 TO.VO.TOV. 
 g&iTiTov, ov, TO, first prize, palm, 
 
 superiority. 
 guTOfAa.'ia, (-rguTos, pai'oi), af, , 
 
 May-day. 
 
 ffurev, adv. first, at first. 
 ^eaTO'Tie.XXrix.a.^ov (TXX>jxf^), ov, ro t 
 a chieftain's first man, say lieutenant. 
 f^eaTO<JT-nyat.itea (-rnyaivu), to go first. 
 uTog, t>, ov, first. 57. 
 et>ToffTu,TVis, ov, o, = agwyof. 
 izio-Tys (WT/I), ov, o, one who is at 
 fault : criminal. 
 
 utffot, to be at fault. 
 
 tl (vTKgfAOS^), IffStlV, tO 
 
 sneeze. 
 
 sA/a, ttg, vi, elm. 
 
 igvet, 0,5, fi, heel. 
 
 tgvio-Trigi (-TT^va), lev, TO, spur. 
 
 tgev, ov, TO, feather : quill : wing, 
 
 TTI/, v-yas, i, wng. 
 VTTVU, vo-u., to spit. 
 
 , tus, ft, fall : case. 
 /, a;, v, poverty. 
 %os, vi, ov, poor. 
 vo'f, vi, ov, dense, thick, 
 n, ns, vi, gate. 
 a.^1, iov t TO, and 
 OS, ov, vi, box-wood. 
 , vgos, TO, fire. 
 
 t, &;, fi, tongs. 
 ov, o, tower. 
 
246 
 
 aorxx 
 
 a., as, rt, conflagration. 
 
 t;, tiro,, 
 fire, as a gun. 
 
 6*u, uo-a, uSw, 
 
 heat. 
 
 *, />, j<ra, 
 
 r,ui*e;, to 
 , to warm, 
 ivof, to sell. 
 
 aoY'. how, in what manner : that, 
 
 P. 
 
 e /or X, 27. 10. 
 
 i, iav, <r, rod, stick : whipping, 
 flogging. 
 
 si ov, ft, staff, rod. 
 si ov, o, lictor. 
 and 
 
 pafitt, = pairTv. 
 fiya. (pal}, f grape-berry. 
 payitu (payas), ifa, /VS*j, ifff&ivos, to 
 
 crack, break. 
 pctxr,, r t :, , nm/ 
 ^*/ (^rn6.), /, re, brandy. 
 pu.fiff.it, are;, TO, thread. 
 pavr'tcu t iffity iffSi)*, ttru'iva;, to be- 
 
 sprinkle. 
 pK-rifffAK, etre;, TO, cuff, box on the 
 
 ear, slap. 
 
 peitrTv;, ov, o, sewer, tailor. 
 peiQr,, t};, fi, seam : suture. 
 
 ridge of a mountain. 
 
 3f7|f pov 
 clear out. 
 
 back, 
 
 begone, 
 
 backbone. 
 
 as, r>, little or dear p*%v. 
 , ctTos, TO, sawing. 
 3^flf), iov, <r, chick-pea. 
 'Pr,y*s, , ', Regas. 
 p'ifta, = pivpu. 
 
 ptrart (/>p<V), iov, TO, radish. 
 ttri), vs, , resin. 
 s, TO, stream : current. 
 p'iu, to flow. 106. 
 
 *%*, *X$ 
 
 to throw, cast : fire, as a gun. 
 s (f*xi")i ** > shallow, as water. 
 , n;, ft, root. 
 
 , rischio), ov, TO, = rv 
 
 , &>, <wS)>r, uptros, to take firm 
 
 root. 
 
 //>/, ?, T, file, an instrument. 
 pirru, i^x, '^Sj, iu.ft.ivas, to throw, 
 
 cast. 
 pnJ>oKi*}u*ivv, ivftt, ivSvr, tvftttos, to 
 
 risk : to endanger. 
 pofii (00/$), ?, ra, tare, ervum er- 
 
 vilium. 
 
 poSdxivo* (unc.\ cv, TO, peach. 
 pelt (poet, //), iov, TO, pomegranate. 
 /55o>, ov, TO, rose. 
 ^^y (0?f) 'A , knag. 
 /, , , stream, current. 
 potio*, ov, TO, = p'i^. 
 p'cTa,Xoi, ov, TO, club. 
 fovoi (p'ovs}, iov, T, sumach, rhus. 
 povSevvi (pu^tuf), iov, TO, nostril. 
 'PovQtias, K, , = 'Ax^t/flf. 
 = polpv. 
 
 vxor (ic.), ov, TO, cloth : garment, 
 clothes : fine woollen cloth. 
 
 $u, us, no-tt, r,Sv}>, vftivos, to suck in, 
 sip, suck up : to absorb. 
 
 xttli%ot (piyKu), iffct, to snore. 
 
 ^i (0w), iov, TO, rice. 
 
 vpoiTo;, a, a Roman : a Modern 
 
 Greek, 
 
 , a Modern 
 
 Greek. 
 
 f', = ri from au. 
 , = , ufftiv. 
 
 ov, TO, Saturday. 
 (Ital. saborra), ay, fi, ballast. 
 (Lot. sagitta), j, ri, arrow, 
 ' shuttle, xtexts. 
 iov, TO, = ffietyat, 
 
 fin. 
 
 s, , rhetoric. 
 ;, o, orator. 
 
 , tvfot, 
 . 
 iov, TO, sack, bag. 
 
247 
 
 rotxxovt.a, as, , small bag : purse. 
 ira\aTx (Ital. insalata), as, , salad. 
 tra^tuu, ivtra, ivSyv, ivfAivos, to shake, 
 
 move, ai'iu). 
 ffa*.i (ffialov), tov, TO, spittle, saliva, 
 
 generally in the plural. 
 (raA.wiy%, tyyos, ri, trumpet. 
 
 a^i (ffdyfta), tov, TO, packsaddle. 
 
 apov), tov, TO, sesame. 
 s, ov, v, Samos, an island. 
 
 (Frenc/i), us, i, champagne. 
 eav, = uffdv. 
 
 ffetv'tot, tov, TO, board, plank. 
 tra-r't^a (<r virtu), iff a, tfffiivos, to rot. 
 ffdvtos, a, 6v, rotten. 
 eetvrovvt (fd-ruv), tov, TO, soap : a cake 
 
 of soap. 
 favevvi^tu, lira, iffSnv, to-ftivos, to soap. 
 
 church-fast. 
 ffaodvTa, 
 
 s, helix. 
 
 , ov, o, snail, ffd~ 
 
 (2'wrA:.), 
 
 to raise : to wake : to cock, as 
 a musket. Pass, o-nxovopai, to rise : 
 to awake. 106. 
 paStviv, tvo-a, to take aim at. With 
 
 TOV. 
 
 (tryfta), tov, TO, mark : butt, 
 
 target, to shoot at. 
 
 pn%va il; TO fftifta^i, to shoot at 
 
 a mark. 
 
 0-nfjt.a.ia,, as, fi, flag, colors, standard. 
 ffvfj.ot.ivei}, ava, to signify, mean. 
 o-vipKffta, as, ri, signification, meaning. 
 fftjfttTov, ov, TO, sign ' point. 
 fffifttiovu, uo-a, u$yv, uftivos, to mark, 
 
 note : to write down. 
 mptMMWi ?, y, note, annotation. 
 
 ova, uffa, uS-nv, upivos, to sweep. 
 , aTos, TO, broom. 
 *, as, fi, clearness. 
 
 ffatyrivi^u, tffa, iffSriv, iffftivos, to eluci- 
 date. 
 
 o-atpts, ist clear, plain. 
 ffftxv'i^ia (Ital. svanire), tffa, to-Qwv, 
 
 to-f/.tvos, to quafE 
 
 fffivvcu (ffftivvvftt), vffa, vffB-nv, wrftivo;, 
 to extinguish : to be extinguished, 
 in the aorist active. 
 * yyaobi (unc.~) tov, TO, skein of raw 
 
 silk. 
 
 ff'i, from ffv. 
 ffi, = tts. 
 
 TO, respect. 
 s, ri, ov, august. to loathe, abhor. 
 
 to respect, to venerate : to ffuana'tvu, = awxu. 
 revere. ana-xvi, ns, fi, silence. 
 
 tu, ito-a, tiffSwv, ttffftivos, to shake, j ffiuvrn'^os, vi, ov, silent, taciturn, 
 move. 
 
 X (Ital. sella), as, n, saddle. 
 Xiv;, us, fi, moon. 
 
 , ov, TO, celery. 
 is, tlos, *>, page, as of a book. 
 , 17, ov, modest. 
 
 os, ri, ov, to-day's, present. 
 , adv. to-day. 
 as, fi, cuttle-fish. 
 ffriffaf&ov, ov, TO, sesame. 
 o-iayuv, ovos, *i, jaw-bone, jaw. 
 ffiya, adv. slowly, gently, softly : 
 
 silently : in an undertone. 
 ffiyavos (ffiyri\os\ , ov, still, quiet. 
 its ra o-iyava, at a slow pace. 
 o-iyu, as, fifa, to be still, keep silence. 
 fffitgov, and 
 fffivoov, ov, TO, iron : chains, in the 
 
 plural. 
 ffifta (fftp.es}, adv. near, vrXno-'tov, xov- 
 
 Ta. With TOV or tis TOV. 
 ffiftova (fftfjLo}, uffa, = 
 fi, tov, TO, mustard* 
 gi, tov, TO, wheat. 
 
 September. 
 
 (Lat. September), ov, o, 
 
 to 
 
 vu, <ps> no-a, to keep silence. 
 dgcu (ff^a^u), affa, aff^i 
 burst, intransitive. 
 
 (Ital. scala), as, ft, stairs, stair- 
 case : ladder : wharf : stirrup. 
 
 i (Lat. scarnnum), tov, TO, seat. 
 
 trxa<f>n t us, H, and 
 
 ov, TO, trough, kneading- 
 
trough. 
 
 nd 
 
 248 amd- 
 
 I mov-ret (Hal. scopa), as, fi, broom, 
 
 fxiXiTo* (<rxiXiT9s^, ev, TO, skeleton. 
 
 ffxi\i, lov, TO, and 
 
 txi^os, 6vs, TO, leg. 
 
 rxfrd^ia, ava, atr&yv, ufptivos, to 
 
 cover : to protect. 
 rxivn, ,-, fi, roof: protection. 
 rxT<r/*9f, i), , thoughtful. 
 fxtve:, ovs, TO, vessel. 
 
 rxi-^is, tut, fi t reflection, examination. 
 run**, ris, fi, tent : scene. 
 fxtj-rr^ov, ev, TO, sceptre. 
 exid, as, ft, shadow : shade. 
 axiabt, lov, TO, straw hat. 
 rxidZu, a%a, d^nvy ayptvos, to scare, 
 frighten. 
 
 o~x ovoid (ffxvgia), as, fi, rust : dross. 
 <rxov<fna (Ital. scuffia), as, fi, cap. 
 
 s, fi, bitch. 
 
 i (ffxv*al) t lov, TO, dog. 
 os, ev, o, male dog. 
 ffxviFTu (XV-TTV), v$>a, vp.fx.ivof, to 
 stoop, bend. 
 vQTu, = the preceding, 
 'iffy*), ila, 1% 
 
 fxXdf-ta, as, fi, female slave. 
 ffx\afrid, as, ft, slavery, servitude. 
 rxXaySsvw, ao-a, unv, vpivos, to en- 
 
 slave : to capture, make prisoner. 
 ffx*.dos, (Ital. schiavo), ov, o, slave. 
 rx\noos, at,, ov, hard : hard-hearted, 
 
 cruel. 
 rxXnoorrs, VTOS, fl, and 
 
 ffx>.no3rr,TA, as, n, hardness : hard- 
 heartedness. 
 
 ;, n, ov, hard-hearted, cruel. 
 uvu, mat, vv$tt>, to harden. 
 ov, TO, = ff^t\iioi. 
 
 v^valos, et, Smyrniot, native of 
 Smyrna. 
 
 , a, = the preceding. 
 us, fi, Smyrna, 
 iffftos, ev, o, solecism. 
 (Lot. sublica, ofiiXos, 
 as, fi, spit. 
 
 , , o, Suleyman. 
 
 ffov\Ta*es (Turk.}, ov, o, sultan. 
 
 os, ov, o, intention, design. 
 to move*, to intend. 
 ov, TO, garlic. 
 
 o*, tret, iirSyv, ifftsvof, to scatter, 
 dissipate : to squander. 
 ffxeg-rios, a, ov, scattered, irxo(>Tiffp.i*os- 
 ffxo^lo;, ov, o, scorpion. 
 rxozTiapa. (fxof&i^at}, *TS, <r, scat- 
 tering, dispersion : spreading. 
 
 ffXOTtX.'Sl, 10V, TO, = ffXOTOf. 
 
 rxoTtiviai, us, , = trxoTOf. 
 ffxoTuvoi, v, ov, dark. 
 
 tit TO, ffxeriivei, in the dark. 
 rxo-rovu, uret, u>$r,v, uftivog, to kill. 
 rxoTos, ovs, TO, dark, darkness. 
 fxo7uu.es, ov, o, slaughter, killing. 
 
 tov, TO, worm. 
 
 , i9v, TO, a kind of 
 
 , as, fi 
 , = ff 
 (ffvQa), as, fi, wrinkle. 
 
 to wrinkle. 
 0-oQia, as, fi, wisdom. 
 
 re<p*, to-a, ffr,i, iffprts, to render 
 
 wise : to instruct. 
 ve/poXeyioTus (ffoQoi), vros, fi, a title of 
 
 reject given to the learned. 
 ffoiftes, ri, ov, wise. 
 <ro<f>us, adv. wisely. 
 
 (ff-rau), *, atru't^a:, to break. 
 , lev, TO, sword. 
 TO o-ret&i, to learn fenc- 
 ing. 
 
 ra'^u TO ff*ai, to fence. 
 aSia, as, fi y blow with the sword : 
 sword-cut. 
 avios, a, ov, rare. 
 avius, adv. rarely, seldom. 
 iiu = fffa^u. 
 
 (unc.), ov, TO, gill ofajtsh. 
 
 ivos, to tear, pull to pieces. 
 noa,, agS-r<v, ap^ftiios, and 
 
 ffTlOVU, tO SOW. 
 
 ev, TO, and 
 , a;, fi, cave. 
 as, fi, = 
 
 ov, 
 
GTllV 
 
 249 
 
 OTQOC 
 
 , aj, w, land, not sea. 
 J, a, ov, firm : solid. 
 
 igvet (Ital. cisterna), ag, fi, cistern, 
 
 , ov, o, seed. 
 
 ov^uZjU, KO-X or a, to study : to 
 strive, to be trying, endeavour, JT- 
 
 *'"' 
 
 ovSctr-rr.g, ou, o, student. 
 
 ovMi, rig, fi, study. 
 
 (unc.}, u%et, &>%&nv, uypivos, 
 to push. 
 
 (Lot. stabulum), ou, o, stable. 
 
 et^et, to drop, as water. 
 
 s, a., ev, stable, firm. 
 
 to erect, to place in an erect 
 position. 106. 
 
 (w?ic.), jj, fi, ashes. 
 
 (o-raXay^a), ay, vs, 
 drop. 
 
 ava.fJLa.Tu (^tirrnfAt), $, tjffx, tipivos, to 
 stop, arrest, stay : to halt. 
 
 M, affx, to quarrel. 
 
 (Ital. stadera), tov, ro, steel- 
 
 rapid. erriXXu, and 
 
 ff<jrt&f,<>, ngof, o, spark. o-r'tXvu, uXet, etXwv or aXB-yv, 
 
 ffvip^ovvt (Ital. sperone), tov, ro, \ to send. 
 
 yrri^vio-rr^t. [ ffrivyp'og, ov, o, sighing, moaning, 
 
 ff7Ttra.Xt (Ital. spedale), tov, ro, = I groaning. 
 
 ov, ro, narrow pass. 
 
 f, , o, one of the inmates o-rtvog, , ev, narrow, straight. 
 of a ffyfiT.\i. j ffri^yea, Sf, to approve of : to con- 
 
 rirt, tov, ro, = otrvrirtov, eJxog, otxtos. ! sent. With -rov. 
 trvrt.oiyxvoc,, uv, ret, bowels. 
 fftrXefyfrvi^oftut, iffStjv, to have compas- 
 sion upon. With TOV. 
 ffvr\vivet, ug, , spleen. 
 f-reXoirv (r.ig ?raXXa trn), thank you, 
 literally, may you live to many 
 years. ffripu, tig, tiro., Sjv, nftivog, to de- 
 
 a, a.$, fi, seed, offspring : race. prive of. With rov rev, or rov rov. 
 
 ttytivi, tov, ro, and 
 itpotvos, ov, o, hoop : crown. 
 vSi, tov, ro, and 
 jj&oj, ovg, ro, breast. 
 //3a*>, |a, KX&W, etrfttvog, to pack 
 closely. 
 
 rig, , moment, instant : period, 
 in grammar. 
 ffr7<f>og, ovg, ro, troop, band, body of 
 
 soldiers. 
 
 ffri%es, ov, o, verse, line. 
 o-rt^ov^'yog, ov, o, versifier, poet. 
 ffrix,evp t 'yu, t7g, yw, npivog, to versify, 
 make verses. 
 
 7ov, ov, ro, element. 
 
 , , elementarj'. 
 ffrot^nfAot, etros, ro, wager, bet. 
 
 fitt^ca ffToi%vftet, to lay a wager, 
 to bet. 
 o-roX-n, >jg, f>, dress, uniform. 
 
 yard. 
 
 KVQOVU, Cafflt, 
 
 to crucify. 
 
 uvoo;, ou, o, cross : starfish. 
 
 UfAtVOf, tO CTOSS '. 
 
 xetftvat TOV ffruvpov [&ov, to cross 
 
 one's self, as a Christian. 
 ffrctQfia, (ffTntfii), as, fi t raisin. 
 fraQvn (^ra^j?), rig, ft, line or cord, 
 
 dipped in a coloring matter, and 
 
 used by carpenters. 
 fra<pu*.i, lou, ro, bunch of grapes. 
 ffra.%1 (ara.^vi}, lev, ro, ear of corn. 
 ffriyvof, vi, ov, dry. 
 ffr'ntu, or ffrix.ofAi, to stand : to stay : 
 
 to consist in. 1O6. 
 
 ffro^i^u, trot, iffSriv, iffftivoj, to adorn, 
 
 attire. 
 
 ffroXog, ov, o, fleet. 
 ffroftet, arog, ro, mouth. 
 ffrof*.oi%t, tov, ro, and 
 ffrofAoi^os, ov, o, stomach. 
 o~ropvti(>i (unc.), tov, ro, quartz. 
 ffrovrt (ffrvvvi), lav, ro, tow. 
 ffrovvova (jrrowffty, naffot, u$nv, euftivog, 
 
 to stop, as a bottle. 
 
 apoti, uirSw, to think, consider. 
 
 gufici, adv. crookedly, blindly : on 
 
 one side, as the cap. 
 
 potfiovu, caffu, eaB-viv, afttvof, to make 
 
 crooked : to blind, rutyXow, 
 
OTOtt 
 
 250 
 
 os, v, ov, crooked : blind, 
 a (Ital. strada), as, f>, = 
 
 arts, TO, array. 
 of, ov, o, general. 
 ^s, ov, o, soldier. 
 txri, tjs, ti, the military' art. 
 
 o;, j, ex, military. 
 , t-^a, to turn. 
 
 to think, reflect. 
 
 XXayto-p'os, y, o, s\'llogism : argu- 
 
 ment. 
 
 to twist. 
 
 os, i, 91, round, spherical. 
 
 to strew, spread. 
 ffrocLfjt.a,, aTot, TO, bed. 
 o-TvXos, ov, o, pillar, column. 
 ffTVTTtjeiat., as, w, alum. 
 ffTvtpeg, r,i on, astringent. 
 ffTvQu, vj/a., v$$r,*, vw'vos, to squeeze 
 
 in order to express a fluid : to cease 
 
 from flowing, as a fountain ; but 
 
 only in the aorist active. 
 fTv-^n, ns, fi, and 
 
 ffv, = itrv. 
 
 fvyytvj;, tv, o, kinsman, relative. 
 
 ffvyygetfta, TO;, TI, work, writing, 
 
 book, treatise. 
 
 ffvyy/>$evs, teas, o, writer, author. 
 ffvyyoa.ty<u (yoil^u]^ to compose, to 
 
 write. 
 
 fvyxa.ra.viuu (vivea), to consent. 
 ffvyx-wu (x/w), to move. 
 
 rvfi.pi&nxes, OTOS, TO, incident, event : 
 
 accident. 
 
 ffvufsavXivu ifiiuXiyuj, ivrot, iv&ni, sy- 
 [titos, to advise. 
 
 , >?, fi, advice. 
 a, a;, fi, alliance. 
 
 os, rt, ov, pertaining to alli- 
 ance. 
 
 ai ffVf*.fta%txa} $vvaf*,tis, the allied 
 powers. 
 ffvftp.u%o;, ov, o, ally. 
 
 , t7s, tiro., iffttvos, to excuse, 
 to pardon. 
 
 ivtu, ava, arrives, to infer, to 
 conclude. 
 
 .TXoK,ri, ns, , close engagement, 
 combat. 
 
 t-roXiTn;, ov, o, fellow-citizen. 
 ov, TO, banquet. 
 , ov, consonous, agreeing. 
 I* o-vftQeavov, with one accord, 
 unanimously. 
 
 , its, rifa, r.S-xv, natives, to 
 agree. 
 
 ttl&Qos, ov, , one closely united 
 with another. 
 
 vd^tu (*y), a%a, d%$v9, ayuives, to 
 collect, to gather. 
 vxSoei^w (a&geigu), oiffa, oiffS**, i- 
 
 ts, to compose. 
 rvy*t<po*, 
 
 to disturb. 
 
 , adv. at the same time. 
 <vj, ri, confusion, trouble, 
 vexauon. 
 
 uavetffTfiQo/uai, to associate with, fjl- 
 lowed by ftl TO*. 
 
 ), ns, f), social intercourse. 
 tov, TO, quinsy. 
 
 , ev, o, subscriber, 
 as for the publication of a book. 
 , , assembly. 
 
 ffvyxuu (X**)i tif, no-a. 
 
 tos, to permit : to pardon, forgive. 
 rvxafAivia, as, , mulberry-tree. 
 ffvxafttvov, ov, TO, mulberry. 
 
 ffVXOV, OV, TO, fig. 
 
 fvxo<pvTvs, ov, o, calumniator. 
 T/at, as, ri, calumny. 
 Tfia, as, fi, female calumniator. 
 (rvKUTtt %<ra.o), lov, TO, liver 
 of an animal. 
 
 (Xflyf), ^5^,.. ,*u.i, ae . 
 
 rt/Taj, rt, on, = 
 
 , ?, , custom : habit. 
 vnSigu (rSffj), tra, ifSnt, urftivos, to 
 accustom. 
 
 ig*, ura, to be accustomed, to be 
 wont. 
 
 , adv. usually. 
 
 tv, TO, = vitya;. 
 
 tffmfuu (^io-Taftai), to consist of. 
 With a*o r'n. 
 
 tvira, to accompany. 
 
ovvo 
 
 251 
 
 f, ov, vi, synod. 
 
 \u (o^iXu) , to converse with. 
 v, ov, TO, limit, boundary. 
 trvvretyftx, CITO;, 70, constitution, ^jo- 
 
 liticaUy. 
 
 ffvvTotfys, ttbf, , construction, syntax. 
 fvvToffos, n, ov, short, concise, brief. 
 ffWTgotptet, etg, f>, company : partner- 
 
 ship. 
 
 ffvvT^o^ne.a., adv. in partnership. 
 ffvvTgeQio-ffoi, ay, vi, female partner or 
 companion. 
 
 , ov, o, companion : partner. 
 
 , i%a, to whistle. 
 ares, TO, wire. 
 
 , to draw, drag : to pull. 106. 
 igi (ffut>u), lov, TO, drawer, as of a 
 
 bureau. 
 
 (ffxivdl^ca), ttffae., u 
 a,fffjt.ivos, to plot, plan. 
 irvffTct'ivia (ffTotivca), to recommend : to 
 exist, in the aorist passive, but 
 rarely. 
 
 ffvffTetffis, tvst fi, formation. 
 ffuffToiTixov, ev, TO, qualification. 
 ffvffT*i[*.ot:, (X.TOS, TO, system. 
 
 uKis, adv. frequently, often. 
 
 of, w, ov, frequent. 
 
 exTtvi%u (xrttjg*), to comb often. 
 
 %s, ft, slaughter. 
 |, x%B-tiv, cfyft'tvos, to slaugh- 
 ter, butcher. 
 
 fftyau^a., as, , sphere, globe, ball. 
 crtfixioioiov, av, TO, little ffQaTgec. 
 
 lira, iffSw, tfffti- 
 
 fault. 
 
 bs, ti, ov, shut. 
 , aXa, u 
 
 fault. 
 
 s, to err, to be in 
 
 ro;, TO, error, mistake : 
 
 , Zs, and 
 
 , (fftpri), us, ri, wasp. 
 (<r<p), aj, , wedge. 
 ff<pi<yyu, t^K, i%Snv, lypivos, to bind 
 tightly, squeeze. 
 oi, adv. tightly. 
 
 , octroi, a 
 
 -tjv, affptvof, to lace tightly. 
 os, w, ov, tight. 
 
 eQtopjus, a, ov, violent. 
 cr<pouj"ya/>ei$, a, o, spunge-merchant, 
 spunge-fisher. 
 
 , tov, TO, spunge. 
 to"f/,ivo$, to seal. 
 i;, ion;, h, Seal- 
 
 a.;, to be full of vigor. 
 ;, ov, o, pulse. 
 
 o-q>v(>i, i?v, TO, hammer. 
 
 ffifvgi^M, = ffvo't^ca. 
 
 ffx&tov, ov, TO, sketch : design, plan. 
 
 o~%e$o'v, adv. almost, nearly. 
 
 o-%tffit, teas, w, relation. 
 
 , uTof, TO, figure ' gesticulation, 
 
 gesture. 
 
 o-%i%tu, lira., to-S-yv, ler/uwos, to split. 
 ff%oivi, tov, o, roj)e : string. 
 o~%oXctffTix.of, ov, o, pedant. 
 o~%oXi7cv, ov, TO, school. 
 ff&i^eu, uffoe,, uSviv, wo-ft'ivo;, to save. 
 
 ffuSlXK, = atUTtKO., IVTOO-S-IK. 
 
 ffa/ta, UTOS, TO, body. 
 
 ffuvu {o-u^ca), ciio-oi, uriv, cap'tvo;, to be 
 enough, sufficient, aoxa, cpS-dta, 
 with TOV of the person. Pass, au- 
 vo/u.xi, to end, finish, intransitive. 
 
 ffuot, a, ov, safe, untouched. 
 
 ffU-TTU, = fflUfU. 
 
 vcapo;, ov, o, heap, pile. 
 
 , %, ov, exact '. whole. 
 p.\ TO, truffTa., in earnest, with the 
 genitive of the personal pronoun , 
 as, TO tJvrt pi TO, ffoao-Tci TOV, lie 
 said it in earnest. 
 TYip, ripens, o, saviour. 
 
 ti, xs, ft, salvation : safety. 
 
 ei (tffu), 
 
 T. 
 
 T for $ after ff, <p, %, 27. 1 5. for 3 
 after v, 27. 15. for $ before ff, 
 27. N. 1. 
 
 Tctyyos, 97, ov, rancid. 
 
 tra, iffSriv, urpivo;, = 
 
 KOi, = 
 
 otTos, TO, regiment. 
 
252 
 
 (rxfo-v), a|, a^w, aypiva;, ' nXivroi7ov, adv. finally, lastly. 
 to vow : to promise. Xt/Tr,-, , ev, last, final/latest. 
 
 T/*/ (tra^a?), /aw, re, match, equal. ! ri\ivTr,, tjg, j, death, decease. 
 
 (T/<), aa-a, to match, fit, n^ivru, ,$, no-it, to die, decease. 
 
 (Turk.), iev, re, = fv 
 ev;, re, end. 
 
 length, last of all. 
 
 finally, at 
 
 correspond. 
 
 raxrixes, , ev, regular. 
 TaAa^av, aw, ra, dollar. 
 7a.fAttTffa.va. (uc.), aj, demijohn. 
 
 ra.p'xd.x.t; (/fa/, tabacco), aw, a, snuff. rtXto*i~av, ev, re, custom-house. 
 retvvZu, and rtvr<nei s (Turk.}, i, a, and 
 
 ravvu, uo-o., vo-9-r,v, vo-ftlvos, to stretch : T'IVTO-IOI, lev, TO, kettle. 
 
 to expand, spread, as a wing. ri^as t *ref, ro, prodigy, wonder : mon- 
 
 vet%ieio%r.s, ev, o, and 
 
 s, ov, o, captain of a company. 
 (rafsi'^a*), lev, ro, voyage. 
 >v (<r^), O.TOS, TO, vow : prom- 
 
 ?, , order, arrangement. 
 
 uft'cvs;, to hum- 
 
 x, forty. 
 
 os, r), ov, fortieth, 
 r, a., and 
 , a, four. 58. 
 rirecoTev, ev, re, quarter. 
 riretoros, H, ov, fourth. 
 a-, tf 
 
 ble, humiliate. nrgetit) (rsr^eis), vs, i, Wednesday. 
 
 os, ij, ov, humble. Ttr^a'*/?, adv. four times. 
 
 *, = ra.oa.Tu. rirottxeiriat, at a, four hundred, 
 
 t, tarara, a sound made, or sup- nr^xxoo-teo-'ros, ri, ov, four-hundredth. 
 
 posed to be made, by some wind- rtrgarXovs, 5, ovv, quadruple, four- 
 instruments. fold. 
 
 to dis- j ri^vf}, us, r,, art. 
 turb. <rUK*, adv. artfully, skilfully. 
 
 ', , fi, commotion, tumult, rt^vixes, n, ev, artful, skilful :' relating 
 
 to art. 
 
 n^v'irns, ov, i, artist. 
 T?, = ro: 
 
 iii, lev, ro, frying-pan. 
 
 , iftt, iffS-tiv, lo-ftivot, to fry. 
 particle, equivalent to . rr.yxtirot, a;, , fritter, pancake. 
 
 raT, = the preceding. Ttjves, ev, fi, Tenos, an island. 
 
 TO-XIO., and Tn^ai^u, a,%a, and 
 
 r%v, TO, morning, in the morning, rvgu, S.s or i7s, no~a, = xvrroi%u t 
 
 noise. 
 
 la-a,-, ov, o, Tasos, a Klepht. 
 
 vgos, ov, o, bull. 
 
 ov, o, grave, tomb. 
 
 adv. forsooth : an interrogative 
 
 rii (Ital. te), iev, ro, tea, rffdi. ri, from rig. 
 
 n7%os, ovs, re, wall. ; 'T/, = on. 
 
 rixvev, ov, ro, child. rty^ts, i$as, r\, tiger. 
 
 <rtXtt!>nv, uffct, ur,i, a/altos, to end, rtpf,, r,;, fi, honor : value, price. 
 
 finish. TI/^IO;, a., ov, honorable : honest. 
 
 rt\tioroit)fis, teas, r,, the rendering per- riftiorris, nros, r,, honor. 
 
 feet, perfecting. riftovt (Ital. timone), iev, re, = 
 <rtA/a;, a., ev, perfect, finished, com- A/a. 
 
 plete. riftu, Sis, no-*, *&nv, np'tves, to honor. 
 
 riXuoTris, tiros, fi, perfection. nuvoia, ;, ri, punishment. 
 
 rtXiias, adv. entirely : at alL vnoi^v, a%*, ei%9v, ayftivef, to shake : 
 riAit&Fi;, ius, ri, finishing, perfec- to dust, as a garment. 
 
 tion. 
 
 = ris, indefinite. 
 
253 
 
 TQIS 
 
 , and 
 i, and 
 
 s, any, anything : nothing, in 
 answer to a question. 71. 
 rig, TI, who, which, what. 
 TIS, TI, any, some, certain : a or an. 
 
 70. 
 
 v'iT\ts (Lot. titulus), ov, o, title. 
 TAi>*y, ovos, o, Tlemon. 
 TO, from o. 
 
 TOIOVTOS, ctvTt], OVTOV, such. 75. 
 s, adv. in this manner. 
 s, on, o, wall, as of a house. 
 Tories, ov, a, Tolios, 17^. 
 ;, n, boldness, daring. 
 us, riff a., to dare. 
 j, ov, I, volume. 
 TOVI, pron- always enclitic, = TOV, him. 
 TOVOS, ov, o, tone, accent. 
 Tofyvta, tvirot, tvS-viv, ivfAtvos, to shoot, 
 as an arrow : to shoot with an ar- 
 row. 
 
 Tfl|y, ov, TO, bow. 
 To<rt (Turk.}, iov, TO, = xetvovi. 
 roves, ov, o, place : country, one's na- 
 tive place, VTKTOJS. 
 
 tis TOV -rav-ov, on the spot. 
 res, he. 64. N. 3. 
 Toffov, adi\ so much. 
 TWOS, it, ov, and 
 roireuTo;, etvrt], ov-rov, SO much, SO 
 
 many. 
 
 rort, adv. then. 
 
 TowjSXov (TwrA:.), y, TO, = xi/iKpfii. 
 <rovt (Turk.}, iov, TO, a pasha's tail. 
 TovXei^tffTov (TO i>.K%iffTev), adv. 1= 
 
 *v, at least. 
 
 Toifxiat. (Ital. dobla), as, fi, doubloon. 
 Tougxtvw, tvffet, to become a Turk, 
 that i*, a Mohammedan : to side 
 with the Turks. 
 
 T0vg<a, f, , Turkey : the Turks. 
 Tufntcs t *, ov, Turkish. 
 Tovxos, ov, o, Turk : Mohammedan. 
 Toi;gva/3aj, ov, o, Turnabhos, a town. 
 TOVTOS, , o, this. 72. 
 
 (Turk}, itv, TO, musket. 
 
 pov<p\ctts, nonsense, fiddle- 
 sticks, fudge. 
 
 , (Lot. traho?), %*, i^^, 
 s, and 
 ug, to draw, drag, OVPIW ' to 
 
 endure, vv 
 
 iov, TO, and 
 ov, o, he-goat. 
 
 bt (r^aya/S/a), iov, TO, song : 
 lay, as, TO Tgetyav^t TOV Mroyxo/3- 
 X, the la} r of Boukobhalas. 
 cfyovba, its or S>s, nfct, to sing, as 
 ballads, sonnets, $c. See also v/.aX- 
 XJM. 
 
 *yy1ia t a?, , tragedy. 
 ofyu'Sos, ov, o, tragedian. 
 tx'offtai, = T^nnxoffiai. 
 
 v (Ital. tramontane), us, 11, 
 
 , M, ov, big, large, 
 57. 
 
 s, , table. 
 (unc.}, ov, TO, purslain, - 
 
 , iet, three. 58. 
 , adv. foolishly : madly, distract- 
 edly. 
 
 TsAa/y&>, 0.10., a&tjv, etfttvos, to mad- 
 den, make crazy. Pass. vpKetivo- 
 P.KI, to become or be TgiXos. 
 T(>I\OS (unc.}, vt, ov, foolish, fool : mad, 
 distracted. 
 
 , to tremble: to tremble or shud- 
 der at, with TOV. 
 
 to feed, nourish : to support. 
 ee.Ttt (r(>i%ev}, TO,, running : 
 trouble. 
 
 TO^XW, e|a, to run : to run about. 
 Tgice, from Tgf7g. 
 T^IKXOVTU, thirty. 
 T^iKxoffioi, m, u., three hundred. 
 TgiotxoffTo;, *i, ov, thirtieth. 
 rpiavra, = T^IKXOVTU. 
 TPiKVTcttyvXXivtos, a, ov, made of roses. 
 Tia,vTfyuX\i<i, a?, ft, rose-bush. 
 T^/ayra^t/XXay (rgidvTa, QvXXov}, ov t 
 
 TOj = f'obov, rose. 
 T^iftsXi (Ilal. trivella), iov, TO, = TOJU- 
 
 TKVt. 
 
 Tftfiu, t-^a, tyStiv, ipftivos, to rub, tri- 
 turate. 
 
 , and 
 
 (yvgos}, adv. round, around. 
 With TOV or ils TOV. 
 
 , iov, TO, Trieste, a city. 
 
 
254 
 
 of a broken vase. 
 
 iftvu (unc.}, as, }Sjv, tifcite;, to 
 
 pinch : to peck. 
 
 iatet (Ital. pincione), as, , = rar/- 
 
 /, /|, to creak. 
 
 ixofA-rt (T/J, xofivos), iou, ra, the 
 
 nape of the neck. 
 
 , n, ev, and 
 as, *>, 01, three-peaked. 
 
 as, , an, and Tfi%)*tt (x.i%\n), as, fi, thrush. 
 
 , j, out, triple, threefold. 'j <rraufiei*.t (Ivu, /3XX), uu, o, a large 
 
 wdSltos, a, a>, thrice wretched. woollen sack. 
 
 ITH, ^;, , Tuesday. Tt/*X< (7fo/. zucca?), /ow, TO, earth- 
 
 ^Taj, n, a, third. en pot, %vrcc. 
 
 t%a (Sf<|), as, i), hair. | Tfou^d-ri (Turk.), too, TO, stocking. 
 
 tftd^t* (fpofAos), a|, ypivts or Ttro%a (Turk.), as, fi, fine woollen 
 affftitos, to frighten, terrify : to be cloth, os brvaddoth. 
 
 frightened, terrified. rro^a.vTti^s (Turk.), *, I, plur. -KIU, 
 
 9(Atc,pa., $,, = T^iftas. a Turkish officer. 
 
 tftaxTJxa, adv. fearfully. I vraQXeiov (*, ^Xa^aj), ou, T, shell, as 
 
 os, a, 01, terrible, fearful. of an egg or nut. 
 
 i, ou, a, terror. rv^.iya (ru^iffo-ot), /|at, t%S-fi, ryftivas, 
 , ou, o, manner, mode, way : to roll up. 
 
 method, fiiSobes- ri/Xo;, ou, o, orifice in the face of a 
 
 cask ; and the stopple of that ori- 
 
 tfrett vfevros, to be possible. 
 
 <j Toa-rov t-Trov y, in such a 
 
 manner as, or so that. 
 
 T0!<p<.v;, ius, o, supporter. 
 
 , ns, , food, nourishment : feed- 
 
 ing, keeping. 
 ov, o, nurse. 
 /, ets, , pulley, 
 i Ui wheel. 
 
 r*;, u, o, vintager : September. 
 , ;, , hole. 
 
 TO, gimblet, auger, borer. 
 
 <*, ^7, jj^ttiva;, to bore, 
 perforate, pierce. 
 
 f, , , tender, delicate. 
 *>, >>,-, , luxury. 
 
 to eat. 1O6. 
 * Tr'/s*X* (imc.), T, baggage, lug- 
 gage. 
 
 r, <r, T, 27. 16, 
 
 rr for *, T, |, 
 
 N. 2. 
 
 <rffu.t, lou, <ra, tea. 
 
 to break. 
 
 T<r'tff, *, a, Tsaras. 
 ra-iXi-rr,; (Turk.), w, a', gentleman. 
 Tfft> ixiits;, a, v, made of steel. 
 Tffi).t*.i (Turk.), lou, TO, steel. 
 (unc.), us, fi, pocket. 
 = T, rots, nis. 62. N. 
 
 i (unc.), tot/, TO, fragment j time. 
 
 Jlce. 
 
 Vf&fetvtt, ev, TO, drum. 
 
 uvalu, turn, u-r,v, uftiios, to print, as 
 
 a book. 
 VTO;, eu, o, type : press, the business 
 
 of printing or publishing. 
 voetytos, = rug*w 
 uoctwta., a.{, , tyranny. 
 vpanvoi, ot>, a, tyrant. 
 ugawu, ?j, vff, r&nv, tjftivo;, to tor- 
 
 ment, torture. 
 uftf tou, TO, cheese. 
 
 g, fi, blindness. 
 
 eia, euffu, &>&>)*, upivts, to blind. 
 TV<$\>rivTtx.of (<raT*xa$), ou, a, mole, 
 
 a little animal. 
 Ti>$Xo;, ti, av, blind. 
 
 , to happen. 106. 
 pit* *%* *' lest, followed by 
 the subjunctive. 
 ^H, us, fi, fortune. 
 
 XO.TO, TU%IH, by chance, acci- 
 dentally. 
 
 %noos, a., or, accidental .- fortuitous. 
 ^o^tux-rrs (TV^YI, ^teaxuj, eu, a, ad- 
 venturer. 
 
 ain (ru r<), adv. indeed, really. 
 oa, (TV ueei), adv. now. 
 Tto^et TUB*, very soon. 
 ts (r*et), rt, >, of the present 
 
255 
 
 ts, = revs. 64. N. 4. 
 T. 
 
 /, low, TO, glass. 
 
 /, 
 
 trp,ivos, to insult. 
 
 vfignriu, y, , insult. 
 
 wys/a, ay, , health. 
 
 vytxivu, v, to be in sound health. 
 
 vyws, is, healthy, sound. 
 
 tygot, ', of, wet, moist. 
 
 s, ay, , Hydra, an island. 
 
 vies, ov, o, son. 
 
 S*.v, us, fi, matter : materials. 
 
 vXix'os, vi, ev, material. 
 
 vpvos, ev, o, hymn. 
 
 v/u,*u, <V, vo-ee., to celebrate, as in song. 
 
 vvi (twy), iov, Tt, ploughshare. 
 
 1-Ttot.ya^.vu, ivo-es., tvSnv, tuftivof, to dic- 
 
 tate. With rov r'ov. 
 vxcfyw, = T?jj/a/ya>. 
 u-raxaw, ?j, , obedience. 
 vTaxouu (a,*ovu) t to obey. 
 w?rav^<'a, aj, , marriage. 
 
 | vro, prep. 192. 
 
 : vvoSiifjtu, ares, TO, boot. 
 
 ! v<ro$o%y, tjs, fi, reception. 
 
 j v*o$sffis, tus, *i, business : affair : hy- 
 
 pothesis, supposition. 
 i ti'roxeiff.itrov {Ital. camicia), ov, TO, shirt. 
 | 11 roxeira, adv. under. With rov. 
 tfroKitft.a.1 (x-iipa.?), to be liable or sub- 
 
 ject to. With tls rov. 
 vvrexgivofteu (x^/W), to act like a hypo- 
 
 crite, to play the hypocrite. 
 vvox^Tvts, ov, o, hypocrite. 
 v'ToXn-^ts, teas, fi, reputation : estima- 
 
 tion, repute. 
 
 vvoftovri, tjs, *i, patience. 
 vrovTtvu, or vvox-Ttvopcu, tvB-qy, to 
 suspect. 
 
 \7ri<TT%t$u, intransitive. 
 tus, fi, promise. 
 , to promise. 106. 
 os, , ot, subordinate. 
 
 ;, to give in marriage. Pass. 
 to marry, wi^A >. 
 
 , teas, ft, existence. 
 %*>)> to exist. 
 t ev, a, lieutenant. 
 prep. 192. 
 
 vos, to subjugate, subject. Pass. 
 vToTetffOf^cti, to submit, yield. 
 vvovpyiet, Kg, it, = vTriptriK. 
 
 ^f^w), to bear, endure. 
 
 , eaffct, uSnv, uftivos, to ob- 
 lige. 
 
 ?, , suspicion. 
 
 vffTi 
 
 (>et, 
 
 rt, ov, last. 
 
 adv. afterwards : after, with 
 TOV. 
 
 vas, to protect, defend. 
 v<7Cif>K<ririffis t tus, fi, protection, de- 
 
 fence. 
 
 i>-ri(>Kff<rtffrw;, ov, o, defender. 
 uTigfieeivw (/3/&/), aorist y<rg/Sj, to 
 surpass : excell. 
 
 j, fi, excess. 
 at, fi, pride. 
 yos, ti, ov, proud. 
 iiu (]<r%vu), vffa, to prevail. 
 
 a;, , superiority of num- 
 bers. 
 
 rT>.0T/w (-TXtfyT/^iw), to enrich in 
 a high decree. 
 
 rxf, n, av, subject, as to a king. 
 npffiot, as, , service. 
 ^iTvit, ov, o, waiter, servant. 
 s, ov, o, sleep. 
 
 or 
 
 vtyaivu, uvety av^jv, 
 
 to weave. 
 
 vtfutvrvis , ov, o, weaver. 
 vfos, evs, TO, style of writing. 
 y-^nXa, adv. high, on high. 
 v^vX'os, , , high, tall. 
 v-^ovu, uffa, u$xv, ufAtvos, to elevate, 
 
 raise. 
 ttyoy, evs, TO, height. 
 
 before -, 27. 2. /or v, 27. 3. 
 
 for 3, 27. 17. for *, 27- 17. 
 QotyHt (<py<) *> glutton, great, 
 
 eater. 
 (fmtyyiTov, ev } TO, and 
 
(fU'/l 
 
 256 
 
 /, iev, re, dish, any kind of food : 
 
 meal 
 
 yi, <roVoj), tou, ro, ban- 
 quet, feast. 
 Qayu, from rovyu. 
 Qaivepai, avt)v, to appear. 
 
 ?, tis, n, lentil. 
 i^ayyas (<paXay), a, e, an instru- 
 ment used by the Turks and tlieir 
 imitators in bastinadoing. 
 
 tj, fi, whale. 
 
 ./ (Ital. famiglia), as, n, = 
 etxey'tvua. 
 
 t, ti, o, a man with a Qaftttia. 
 s, ev, o, fanatic. 
 Qavtgevu, ucrct, uSr.v, ccu-vs;, to make 
 
 known. 
 
 Qavtgos, a, ev, apparent, evident. 
 $etvTaef<tai, eiff&nv, affj&ivos, to imag- 
 ine. 
 Qavrao-ia, as, ft, imagination : whim, 
 
 notion. 
 
 Qavrafftx, ares, TO, apparition. 
 <papocs, evs, re, TXu.ro;. 
 <ptt(ibvs (unc.*), nee, v, = fXarvf. 
 tfix^'tTox, ag, , quiver. 
 
 ive-a, tvBtjv, tvfAtves, and 
 tow, ura, u$r,v, uftives, to poi- 
 
 son. 
 
 iev, re, poison. 
 ', ev, ro, remedy : poison. 
 
 to run avray : to go away, depart. 
 
 , fi, fame. 
 
 '! /-Sjv, to-fttiof, to repute. 
 d*u, ao-et, uffft'nost to overtake : to 
 reach : to arrive : to be sufficient : 
 to be ripe, in the aorist and pp. 
 
 (<f>av<u}j ares, re, arrival. 
 t'ia, ittc, afini, aftt9os, to cor- 
 rupt. 
 
 <>i>, tv, TO, autumn. 
 , e'v, envious. 
 ov5, ev, e, envy. 
 ovu, i7; t Hffa., 3^j, nftives, to envy. 
 
 i, as, fi, corruption : ruin, destruc- 
 tion. 
 ii (<p'Sbi ?) i, o, vermicelli. 
 
 , iS) truth-loving. 
 
 , adv. in a truth loving man- 
 
 es, 9i, ev, humane. 
 
 , adv. humanely. 
 , v, ev, avaricious. 
 
 , , ev, freedom- loving. 
 iev, re, and 
 
 , ares, re, kiss. 
 , at, fi, friendship. 
 of, <n, ev, friendly. 
 
 ), lav, ro, bean, fase- | $i\ivoioa, as, , female friend, 
 olus vulgaris. Qilievu, ue-et, uv>v, upives, to recon- 
 
 (Lat. februarius), ev o, cile, conciliate. Pass. $i*.io*ap.ai, 
 February. also to become a friend to, to make 
 
 Qtyyagaxi, re, dear Qiyydgi. a new friend. 
 
 ap, iev, re, moon, fiXr,vn : moon- $i*.ex<e$fa, is, avaricious, fond of gain. 
 
 (piXoxu*r,yas, n, ev, fond of hunting. 
 - Qi^tiitxu, tts, nra, to dispute. 
 $i\os, ev, o, friend. 
 qnleo-oQia, as, ri, philosophy. 
 , ev, e, philosopher. 
 \x7es, a, ev, fond of the learned, 
 patronizing learning. 
 
 t7s, nra, tiS-riv, t)/u.ivos, to kiss. 
 vi (Turk.}, iev, re, firman, 
 i (French fusee?), iev, re, car- 
 tridge. 
 xitivet, = Qnavu. 
 
 (frvov), iev, rt, = Qrvapi, 
 
 (Lat. flammeolum), ev rt, 
 
 light. 
 
 t, e<j; t rt, light, $;. 
 fiyyv, i^et, to shine. 
 
 it is day, imjtersonal. 
 rS-nv, to spare. 
 aj, , a, parsimonious. 
 $, w, , cork. 
 as, 
 
 , etreg, re, conduct. 
 
 Qtv, inter), alas. 
 
 , , gone. 
 
 to flee : to flee from, with rev : standard. 
 
257 
 
 cpvai 
 
 (Ital. fiasca), as, ri> flagon, 
 flask-. 
 
 (<pXi/<), as, fi, vein. 
 (pXal;), etit fit flame. 
 , as, n, and 
 
 (ipXaaf), lou, ro, bark, as of a 
 tree ' rind. 
 
 i (Itctl. fiorino), iov, ro, gold coin. 
 
 as, fi, prating, nonsense. 
 3se, as, ft, threat, menace. 
 q>o(->ini>s, a, ay, terrible, fearful. 
 <pofii%&i, io-a, ifff&ivos, to frighten. 
 ^/3f, aw, a, fear. 
 
 <pofiotiftai, tTtreei or affat, &>jy, to fear. 
 <J>am*/*a?, v, ay, Phoenician. 
 3>0/y<, /xa?, , a Phoenician. 
 Qovtut, IMS, o, murderer. 
 
 viuu, ivo-a, ivS-r,v, 
 to kill. 
 
 , to murder 
 
 a, o, 
 
 <f>ovt*ov, ov, <ro t and 
 <povt:, ev, 0, murder. 
 0aU6, f), time, used only with nume- 
 rals ; as, ftiav <p9/>ecv, once ; ^vo 
 tpeguis, two times. 108. N. 
 Qoffitt. (<p9Kf ?), as, ft, mare. 
 QfyiiAa (^^<w), araj, ro, garment. 
 
 , a?, fj, suit of clothes. 
 j, aw, ', tax. 
 iov, ev, ro, load. 
 
 wtra, 
 
 etfAtvos, to load, 
 
 lade. Jft//t rev rav. 
 ^9^4>, i?j, sa-a, '&nv, tf 
 to put on. 
 
 Europe, os a Frenchman. 
 
 2> ((p^Kfffu), , ^^j, it>yftits t 
 
 to fence, enclose. 
 
 azrn, y;. fi, fence, enclosure, hedge. 
 
 pavrffi^ixos, 9), e, = Ya\Xnteg. 
 
 fjavrffi^es, ou, o, = TaXXaf. 
 
 ao-is, itos> ft, phrase : diction. 
 
 us, ?, terror. 
 <f>oixr, adv. dreadfully, fearfully. 
 Qgirret, i%ot, to be astonished, amazed 
 
 at. With rov. 
 
 q>ovvi[*a, ares, ro, sentiment, notion, 
 principles. 
 
 , , av, prudent. 
 u, irx, to take care of, provide 
 
 for. With $ia rev. 
 <Q(>ovris, ftas, fi, care. 
 Q^ovu, nra, to think, to be of opinion. 
 , ov, TO, fort. 
 
 <praiyu, = TTO.IU. 
 
 Qrivos (<r-rvof), J7> ov, thin, 
 
 <prign (fl-r./f), ns> fi> fern. 
 
 to make, 
 
 s, to wear : 
 
 ), s, fi, the hollow of the 
 
 hand : handful. 
 tfovvra (wrtc.), as, fi, small branch 
 
 with the leaves on : tuft : tassel. 
 Qovoxec. (Ilal. forca\ aj, fi, gibbet. 
 (fiov^nl^u, trot, IffSnv, ifff*ivo$, to hang 
 
 by the neck, K^.^U. 
 tptvovos, ov, o, oven. 
 <pevo-arav (Lat. fossa), ou, ro, = ffrgu- 
 
 fytv<TM.x (<puo-xn\ j, , bladder: bubble. 
 
 (pouTKivea (jQoviTX.a), wffa, eaQvjv, aftsvos, 
 to inflate, swell. 
 
 ia, us, ft, Western Europe. 
 
 os, ov, o, a native of Western 
 
 22* 
 
 spade. 
 
 ay), <y, re, large shovel, 
 
 ;, , flight. 
 
 a5j, a, a, watchman, guard, 0i/. 
 : portfolio. 
 j, j, , dungeon, prison, jail : 
 
 : watching. 
 s, to im- 
 
 preservation, 
 
 prison. 
 
 axes, a, watchman, guard. 
 X|<;, &$, , preservation, keeping. 
 Xarrw, |at, a^B-tjr, a-yftivas, to 
 keep : to watch. 
 , fi, tribe. 
 
 (ipt/XXas), f, ft, pamphlet. 
 ou, ro, leaf. 
 , n;, ft, = Quo-if. 
 a, adv. naturally. 
 os, ft, ov, natural. 
 
 iet, a;, ?, physiognomy. 
 
(fVGl 
 
 258 
 
 destroy : to change, as a coin. 
 tt.(*.u.\*s (Turk.), n, o, = )S*0-raaj. 
 etfti^-rr;, 'n, mean, base. 
 
 utrat,, 3jy, uft'oa;, to lower. 
 os, rj, 01, low, not high. 
 
 f , tu;, , nature. 
 <fufii, by nature, naturally. 
 J, f, nffet, f&w, vftiyos, to blow. 
 uu, ivo-et, ivSw, tufititos, to plant. 
 
 i, v, TO, plant. / ^_ l _ .., 
 
 (QVTOV}, ov, TO, shoot, scion, ^a/u-e, ndv. = 
 sucker. , %oiftoyi\u (ysXu), to smile. 
 
 QvTfovu (tpvTgov), eto-etj to sprout, as a ^etfioitt^ctfov (xt^aa-/), at/, TO, straw- 
 plcint. 
 
 i, ;, r>, nest : lair. 
 ,vu, iufftt, to nestle. 
 
 at, = (fuXiei. 
 tiXictCu, otfot, = <$u).ivu. 
 
 k/ya^w, at^a, to bawl, cry, cry aloud : 
 to call aloud. 
 
 ;yxX;, a, o, nois}' person. 
 *is, r>, voice. 
 
 us, , dear or little p&/ 
 
 ;, tune;, TO, light. 
 
 berry. 
 
 mgt ond 
 
 *P*'> ty'tr*), , a, = 
 .as. 
 ay, o, ruin, destruction, 
 
 Xu.ft.ev (xetpa.t), adv. on the ground, 
 
 xaTayJJf. 
 XO.ITO.X.I (Turk.\ iov, TO, ditch, trench, 
 
 to 
 
 q>u9--r,o, 
 
 , o, luminary. 
 tig, nfft 
 
 f 
 Qurnts;, r,, ov, luminous. 
 
 Qvrttt, us, ft, fire. 
 
 ivos, to enlight- 
 
 x, before r, 27. 9. 
 
 (u/ic.), aj, , bit^br a horse. 
 1ivu (;$/), iwo-a, *w^y, tvpivts, to 
 caress. 
 3< (w/jc.), iov t TO, and 
 
 itu, TO, caress. 
 
 , ;, ij^a, ^n, to salute. 
 t{v, or %a.ioi/u,ai, to rejoice, to be 
 lad : to enjoy, with r>. 106. 
 
 pebble. 
 
 , TO, hail. 
 
 /au, TO, a/i 
 , a, bridle. 
 
 9, small stone, 
 
 <eXx<a;, a, o'j smith. 
 Xxe;, w, , copper. 
 aXx^fta, TJ, copper, 
 per utensil. 
 
 a;, , 
 
 lose. Pass, ^imfum, to perish. 
 TT (xarrw), *^a, to eat up hast- 
 ily, devour. 
 
 , joy : wedding, yiftts. 
 
 %agiis> with pleasure, a 
 polite expression. 
 afeixTt, tjfes, o, character. 
 
 (Turk.}, iov, TO, head-tax, 
 paid to the Turkish government by 
 the subject nations. 
 , = %*?* 
 
 oft irtt, tff^nv, ifff*i*e;, to present, 
 bestow. 
 
 ups, ITOS, fi, grace : favor : one of 
 the Graces. 
 
 ;<<n Si'ta., by the grace of God. 
 KOLfti fiov rr,v ifn a do me the 
 favor to. 
 
 \tyou ^{/, 
 example. 
 
 , CITOS, TO, present, gift. 
 
 f/r), n, >, gracious: 
 graceful, lovely. 
 a:, a, a, and 
 
 (Xj), v, o, Death personi- 
 fied. 
 
 , a>, joyful, agreeable, 
 
 to 
 
 for instance, for 
 
 : cop. 
 
 gladden, delight. Pass. x,xoo<roiau- 
 fioti, to rejoice. 
 %et{Toixi, TO, a small piece of 
 
 r, af/ti*es, to { scrap. 
 
259 
 
 %&lTt, tov, TO, paper ' book, /3//3X/ov. 
 X-/, T, Chasia, some o/* the towns 
 
 of Magnesia, in Thessa/y. 
 X,tiffxu, to gape. 106. 
 %affftovj>iav/*at (%ctfffAciof*,ai), titrect, to 
 yawn ; inflected like frartovftat from 
 <x se.ru. 
 %utro(tsu (%uvtu, fifAf^at), a$, wet, to 
 
 loiter, lose time. 
 
 %ecTffiis (Turk.), fi, o, haje, a Moham- 
 medan who has performed the pil- 
 grimage to Mecca ; or a Christian 
 (especially a member of the Greek 
 church} who has performed the pil- 
 grimage to Jerusalem. 120. N. 2. 
 *iX/, tov, -TO, and 
 g, ovf, TO, lip. 
 f, ov, o, torrent. 
 
 f, o, and 
 s, , o. winter. 
 os, , hand. 
 
 , <r, $jv, npivos, to 
 direct, conduct, lead. 
 
 oy, ov, TO, manuscript. 
 ;, ov, o, handmill. 
 g, , ev, worse, from xetxog. 
 
 ixi, TO, dear 
 
 , iov t TO, and 
 ovct, cif, fi, and 
 uv, ovos, w, swallow. 
 vtt, (^Xy>;), f, , tortoise. 
 
 10V, TC, = Wk' 
 
 Xt, lav, TO, handle, as of a vase. 
 WK, as, , goose. 
 5f, ev, o, gander. 
 >j^a, ecg, fi, widow. 
 
 , ou, o, widower. 
 
 y, , thousand. 
 %i\ioi, at, et, thousand. 
 %t\io<rTo;, 97, av, thousandth. 
 
 %IOVI, tOVy TO, SHOW, %IUV. 
 
 ctfo %ioviov xxi VOTOS, after a 
 snowstorm expect the south wind, 
 a weather maxim. Compare Herod. 
 II. 22. 
 
 IOVIM, ifftt, itr3"/;v, i 
 
 to be snowed upon. 
 /9f, ev, vi, Scio. 
 
 to SHOW ' 
 
 TVS, n, o, Sciote, a native of Scio. 
 
 vog, YI, snow. 
 
 T^nrfJtu., cere?, TO, neighing. 
 Tgu (onomatopey), KS, wet, to 
 ne 'gh ^^p-if'^ta. 
 
 X/a^af), a, ov, tepid, luke- 
 warm. 
 
 s (%Kovv'os, Xa;j), w, ov, pale. 
 af, a, ov, green, as wood, not dry : 
 fresh, new, as fruit. 
 
 'oos), tov, TO, down. 
 yft>?), j, ^, cinders. 
 
 , ov, o, hog, boar. 
 5, ??, , bile. 
 
 /a (Ai a ^-'')> a ' a to become an- 
 gry, irritated. 
 
 (^av^sf), wet, to grow 
 fleshy, corpulent. 
 
 os, , ev, thick, as to diameter : 
 coarse, not minute ' corpulent, 
 fleshy. 57. 
 'v^oj, ovs, TO, the quality of 
 
 c<>, uffct, unv, uftivos, to thrust. 
 iuw, tvffa., to dance. 
 o?, ov, o, dance. 
 
 ^V), to satiate, a* 
 : to be satiated, satisfied. 
 106. 
 
 %o!>ra,pt, lov, TO, grass : hay. 
 ^rov, ov, TO, herb. 
 %Tffots (Turk.), a, o', a Turkish doc- 
 tor, learned man. 
 
 ov), tov, TO, = xow- 
 
 /a, aj, , need, want : necessity, 
 
 to need, want, with 
 rot : to be necessary to, to be 
 needed, with TOV of the person, as, 
 3tv f*.s xgtioi^ovTetf, we do not want 
 them. 
 
 aj, evs, TO, duty : obligation ' debt. 
 , ov, o, debtor. 
 
 tTf or us, to owe : to be 
 bound to do any thing, with vei and 
 the subjunctive. 
 
 uv, TK, money. 
 os, vi, ov, pecuniary. 
 , tviret, to be useful, to be of 
 use. With TOV. 
 
260 
 
 yovv 
 
 .oS) tj, av, useful : respectable. 
 , tug, fi t use. 
 , ou, , Chrestos. 
 
 o;, y, ay, Christian. 
 
 va (ysv), uv, T, Christ- 
 mass. 
 
 , Z;, fi, = %z'o*is, year. 
 
 , T, years. 40. 
 
 , eu, a, time : year, Iros . 
 
 tov, T6, = 
 
 ovu, tutret, uStjv, uftivof, to gild. 
 os, aw, o, gld. 
 O;, ?, ay, n?/ 
 avVj J, /, golden. 
 nj, <ra, polor. 
 t uret, irSvv, itrp.ivo;, to color. 
 
 .ds, r,, >, onrf 
 
 j, , e>, vulgar, low, coarse. 
 
 to pour, to 
 
 pour out : to cast, found. 
 aj, , av, cast, os metallic utensils. 
 
 xs, fi, earthen pot. 
 , urag, TO, earth, soil, land. 
 
 , fit digestion. 
 
 vivu, luffet, tt/'S>, tvfttvos, to di- 
 gest. 
 
 >*!, lev, TO, tunnel. 
 upa, ;, ft, town. 
 
 , *, , joke. 
 , to joke, oc.arinvoft.eu. 
 
 %ta(>ei<pi, tov, TO, field. 
 
 , o, peasant : 
 clown, rustic. 
 
 , tiret, !<r$vv, iffftivas, to separate : 
 to divide into two : to cut, 05 a 
 garment. 
 
 utfav, ou, TO, village. 
 ti St prep. 201 : 225. 1. 
 uoifff*o; t ou, , separation. 
 uirroi, adv. separately, apart : apart 
 from. With T TC'. 
 
 os, ', v, separated, being apart. 
 
 i7f, tja-a or ttrot, to contain, hold : 
 to be contained. 
 
 X<J, f, , large scissors : tendril, 
 ns ./ the vine. 
 tX.iit, iotj, TO, scissors. 
 
 , <VS>}, iffju.iv!>;, to clip. 
 sfl/), tea, re, snuffers. 
 t/, TO, little v^ocX/J<. 
 v/-aX>.ft>, Xa, xS7v, aX^utya;, to sing, 
 chant, church hymns. 
 , aTaj, T, singing. 
 iav, TO, the book of Psalms. 
 aw, a, singer, one that v^acXAu. 
 ;, w, ot/ 
 ar, aj, , Songstress. 
 
 , *, fisherman : seller of fish. 
 , ivy, to fish, angle. 
 -^asJ/a*), /at;, re, fish, i%&vf. 
 (^^), /aw, TO, starling, stare. 
 n, a, gray, as a horse. 
 
 j, ay, lean, asjlesh. 
 , ^, louse. 
 
 vtrSxv, to lie, to utter false- 
 hoods. 
 
 u^orifTof (cr/o-T/j), , y, whose 
 religion is false. 
 
 , t/;, Te, ond 
 
 , etTOf, TO, lie, falsehood. 
 
 fif, ov, o, and 
 
 , >j, a, liar. 
 
 , as, , female liar. 
 
 ; t na-a, f,tiv, v/tivos, to feel, 
 touch, handle. 
 
 ({v^w), to roast : to cook. 
 a'?* , ay, roasted. 
 
 <VS?y, lo-fAiios, to consti- 
 tute, appoint. 
 
 $u t KS, nfu, to mind, care for. 
 j, ?/j, , the smooth breathing. 
 aj, , ay, fine, not coarse : delicate. 
 
 otJ, a, parrot. 
 /|), , , crumb, not crust : 
 
 a triHe, a little, m /Ae accusative. 
 
 to purchase. 
 
IfJOCpl 
 
 261 
 
 tov, -TO, carron. 
 
 s, ev, o, death, crs applied to the 
 lower animals and to Turks. 
 
 us, nffu, iffpivos, to die, as ap- 
 plied to the lower animals. It is 
 said also of a Turk, it being con- 
 sidered a sort of blasphemy to say 
 Twgtcos ars'3-avs. 
 ou, o, flea. 
 ri, Jjj, , soul : person. 
 
 ix-ov, ou, TO, alms, \\tr,f*,a<rvvr t . 
 ^/v^ixov, to give alms. 
 it;, tifoc,, to be in the 
 agonies of death. 
 
 ctf, rt, cold, xpjiof. 
 , ov, cold. 
 
 lov, re, bread : office, employ- 
 ment under government. 
 ^upo^'ms (^*>pi, ^ru\ ev, o, beg- 
 gar, fyndvos, $ietx.ovictgnf. 
 tj/ugct, as, w, itch : mange. 
 $>ui>i>rov(>xos (Taw^xof), ou t o, scurvy 
 Turk. 
 
 a. 
 
 -a, for -at, 37. N. 2. 
 
 u, intery. O ! with the vocative. 
 
 a, interj. Oh ! 
 
 Hji^Yi, ;, ki ode : canto. 
 
 UXIU.V6S, ev, o, ocean. 
 
 upas, ou, o, shoulder. 
 
 wftof, j, ov, raw : ferocious, cruel, 
 
 , nros, ft, cruelty. 
 ga, us, fi, hour : watch, u 
 
 ft'iotv u^etv wgorjrtgK, as soon as 
 possible. 
 
 u^at aoetv, every hour. 
 uaa.'tog, a, ov, beautiful, lu/jto^a;. 
 u(>ouorns, tiros, ft, beauty. 
 
 aa-tx, otffftivos, to ripen, to 
 mature : to grow ripe. 
 tj, ov, ripe, mature. 
 si wro;, > ripeness, maturity. 
 a-yu)) a, o, ripe-fruit-eater. 
 (Sttxvoi), ov, o, the hour 
 hand. 
 
 ugoXoyiov, ov, TO, watch, clock : bre- 
 viary. 
 
 -as, Jeminines in, 39. 
 &>s, adv. as, like, xaSas ' when, orav : 
 as far as, ius, with V rev : how far, 
 how long, 'ius : about, with nume- 
 rals. 
 
 us tols rov, as to, with regard to. 
 us xui, even, also. 
 
 uffdv, adv. as, like, with rev, or with 
 the nominative : when : as if. 225. 
 3 : since, because. 
 uirrt, conj. so that, so as. 
 urn vu, 232. 
 /35, as, , benefit, utility. 
 j, ov, useful, profitable. 
 , )o-, jj^jjy, y/ft'tv/);, to benefit, 
 do good, 
 
262 
 
 ADDITIONS TO THE VOCABULARY. 
 
 a/2aX<roy (/3a>.A), , ov, not put on \ a.fio, i^o;, o, awn, beard of an ear of 
 yet, new, tis garment. corn, a^zvov. 
 
 (^UTOJ), tov, ro, hook, crook, ad-y*; (aT^oy), >?y, j, aT/uoy. 
 
 (ayiwrvtotn), ay, , a Al'ttd axa/ctartjy (xaftaToy), j, o, idler, 
 
 o/" little broom, usually made of ; axfov, ot/, -TO, extreme. 
 &m/ branches, used in S]*rinkli7ig tis axoi>, extremely, excessively. 
 
 holy-water (iyioiffjuf) ; Italian, as- aXartaev, (aXaV/), aw, TO, salt- box. 
 persorio. aX/^va (Xjv), ay, r,, lichen, 
 
 ayx/va^a (x<vaa), ay, fi, artichoke, X/x, ?y, , salt-work. 
 
 cynara scolymus. aX/a-^a;a (tXtX/V^axoy), ay, fi, sage, 
 
 * ayxX;a (avTX/a), ay, fi, dipper for a plunt, ^xo-xo^X/a. 
 
 dipping fluids. aXXo/4>T/xy (aXXT(y), j, ov, = J/a- 
 
 ayxo^aa^w (ay^;? ptei%opieti), t~y, fjo-, ^^oy, different. 
 
 to gasp for breath, pant, arS/ua/w : aXt/ipv7-axoy, (aXt/fa>Ty), t/, o, spi- 
 
 to be in the agonies of death, ^t/^o- ! der, a^^. 
 
 fjnt^u. \ aXw^avrr';, J, o, w^avrjjy. 
 
 a^of^oipay (ayo^oay, (ftdyea), a, o, un- aXw^avroTv>! fiXy^avT*?;, crav/), ;y, 
 
 ripe- fruit-eater. , = aoa^>j, cobweb. 
 
 "Ay^a^a, wv, ra, Agrapha, a place. aXa/va^wy (aXuv<), >j, o, and 
 
 ), ay, fj, couch-grass, aXamo-Tijy, ?, e', = /ay'X/oy. 
 dog's grass, triticum repens, 6're^ a/^oSseov (a^^oy), oy, TO, sand-box. 
 
 a./u.'raigi (7'urA:.), <oy, TO, granary : the 
 
 ), <ow, TO, wild ani- | hull of a vessel. 
 
 mal. KftroXi (l^/SoX}), <ow, TO, graft : strand 
 
 ttygioyiba (y<^a), ay, i, wild she-goat o/ 1 braid, 
 iypioy'tit (yi^i), iev, re, and ivu.yvuo'rni, ev, i, lay-reader. 
 
 iypo'yiZov, ev, ro, wild goat. avoVoSa (av, roi/y), adv. inside out, 
 
 iyuyi (ctyuyos), tov, ro, carriage, the wrong side out 
 
 act of carrying : carriage, the price avaro^, ns, , the wrong side of a 
 for carrying. garment, not o^j. 
 
 (otyuyi), *i, e, carrier : one a.vae.-ro^tyv^'i^ij (yvai^tj), irx, <VSjj, 
 who lets beasts of burden to travel- /o-^svoy, to invert, turn upside down, 
 lers, and accompanies them, say upset. 
 
 muleteer. avaa-5y, n, ox, odd, queer, singular. 
 
 a^Toy (5fva), n, ov, unwhipt. avao-xfXa (avw, o-xiX*;), adv. supinely, 
 
 , tev, re, spindle. on the back, not 9-gev/u.vTot. 
 
 aSooy), net, v, hard, as fruit. avi/3Toy (av^S/v;), ;, ov, leavened, 
 
 a O> " > raised, as bread, not Xf/^oy. 
 ave'v/'/, tev, TO, nephew or niece. 
 
263 
 
 8ffJ.CC 
 
 as, , nece. 
 uvt^os, ov, ', nephew. 
 avvQavTris, , o, 
 awyysav, ov, TO, and 
 avuyt, lev, TO, upper story. 
 niu^tot (<px<), ov, TO, lintel. 
 
 J, aw, o, hermit, ascetic. 
 *0 fl2 > sea-urchin. 
 
 as, , an 
 a-v-/vS/av, aw, ra wormwood. 
 
 /2a/2a (unc.}> as, fi, grandmother. 
 /3/2ai/>i (unc.}, *oi;, TO, bud, 
 
 fATTOUXI. 
 
 dp*>, us, fi, = 0aj3. 
 
 fiayivi (wc.) /aw, ra, = /3*iX/. 
 
 /3a'y /a (/taJ- balia), ?, , nurse, 
 
 fixivi, = 
 
 fieiga, <*%, to resound : to make a loud 
 report, as a gun- It must not be 
 confounded with. /3aa, to put. 
 
 /3aXa (/SaXavay), too, TO, acorn. 
 
 j3A.raf (M?IC.) /aw, a', swamp, morass. 
 
 wine-cellar. 
 
 , /aw, ra, the poise o/" a 
 steelyard. 
 
 t^v'yvu/u.of (jSagwf, yvupri), ?, av, 
 morose. 
 
 ffiXiufAet, etros, TO, setting, $vr/y, 05 
 o/" a celestial body. 
 a-*avTS5a (fia.ffxa.ivu), as, fl, amulet, 
 usually worn about the neck, or on 
 the head, to keep off the evil eye. 
 tTCftovgav (/3ara?, pougov), ov, TO, = 
 pxtrffivov. 
 
 pyo. {Ital. verga), as, , switch, rod, 
 fiiTo-at, twig '. ramrod, as of a musket. 
 ^ffis (Turk.}, i, o, credit, trust, in 
 commerce; used chiefly in the accu- 
 sative ; as, O'AO. fiigtffi, all have been 
 bought on trust. 
 
 , a, , = 
 
 to become dumb. 
 
 os (onomatopey), j, ov, dumb. 
 /Sa/X (ifli. bulla), ;, , seal, o-< 
 yis ' speckle. 
 
 66 (friTo-et), as, fi, blow with a 
 
 Qirra. 
 
 , f, ^, moth. 
 
 (/SowXa), aa-a, tuSnv, ufttvos, to 
 
 seal, o-Qfet-yigu. 
 
 ftovTffi (ftal. botte), iov, TO, = /Sa^iX/. 
 &OVTU (jSt/S-ay), j, >ja- or >j^a, to dive. 
 fiowTffot, as, fi, brush. 
 fiv%ayfta (ftitgrnr*), aTeg, TO, sucking, 
 
 suckling. 
 
 av), as, f), bowl, basin. 
 iTKvi (Turk.?), lou, TO, silk-braid, 
 with four sides. 
 
 yX/&), tov, TO, 
 trigger of a gun. 
 
 ^fAirvis (Ital. garbino), tj, o, the 
 southwest wind. 
 and 
 
 (Ital. garofano), ov, TO, 
 pink, a jlower : clove, a kind of 
 spice, fAoo-itsxd^i. 
 yctTi, tov, TO, and 
 yaToirov\ov, ov, TO, kitten. 
 
 (Ital. gatto), ov, , male cat. 
 xxeis (Turk.) , a, collar of a gar- 
 ment, ri(>ib{octiiv. 
 
 covfTo-tei (oi^i^oi), as, n, wild pear- 
 tree. 
 
 os (unc.) ti, ov, brackish. 
 (unc.} a.;, , a kind of shoe. 
 yovpivce. (Ital. gomona), j, fi, cable. 
 yovva (unc.}, as, fi, pelisse, a furred 
 
 robe. 
 yovp^ovvoT^t^a (yov^ovvi, Tgt%a}, as, fl, 
 
 bristle. 
 
 ygcS-as (y^ovS-os}, ov, o, fist. 
 yvvaixm^i/.tf>^ (yvvaixa, aoi^.<f>n}, MS, fit 
 
 xvif'e's sister. 
 
 yvvaixuo&tyos (yvva'uta, aoi%.<pos}, ov, 
 o, wife's brother. 
 yv/>oyici\i (yv^os, a/y/ar-Xaj), iov, TO, 
 
 oa.Koa.xi (odxftvov), iov, TO, = vxoxitr- 
 
 to make dumb. Pass, fiovfiaivopai, \ sheaf. 
 
 (bift,u}, iov, TO, bundle : fagot : 
 
diet-/. 
 
 264 
 
 a, = etxrvg. 
 Xaj), ady. horizontally, in 
 . an inclined position, traversely, ob- 
 liquely, not 
 
 ej), ret, twins, iftttftti. 
 a;), iav, ro, beam, a piece 
 of timber. 
 !* (regan), ?, , = 7^;, rainbow. 
 
 art;, <ro, income. 
 
 (iraw, yja/t^a), araj, 
 r, superscription of a letter, direc- 
 tion. 
 if attain (tfv, vrati), lov, ro, and 
 
 easily extinguished : that bursts eas- 
 ily, as froth. 
 
 /3X? (Sj/3X*f ?), u, , poor fellow, 
 poor devil. 
 
 / (unc.), /w, T, custom 
 *, habit. 
 
 (ffttx^etfov), n;, fi, and 
 
 re, sugar. 
 
 ter, banister. 
 , or 
 , -re, maize, Indian corn. 
 
 oy, TO, shoe- 
 maker's last. 
 
 Xa^csT/^w (/fa/, calafatare), <r, 
 <VSjy, itrfcivost to calk. 
 
 Lat. camurus), 
 
 >?, a, hunchback. 
 
 , sugarcane. 
 pfl^t/y^asXa* 
 , re, sugar-plum. 
 ri& (t 
 to scald. 
 
 (Ital. cassa) ;, , chest, trunk. 
 (Lat. cassis), as, r, scald-head. 
 iev;, n, i, scald-headed person. 
 
 (xetngyoi), n, , galley- 
 slave ' rogue, rascal, villain. 
 xttnip's (Turk.), i, ', velvet. 
 X.O.TOIX.O.; (xetruxu), <t, a, roost. 
 u, etffot, to roost. 
 fet, iSv, ^ia;, to sting. 
 us, ft, yellowness : paleness, 
 /^, tret, to make yellow : to be- 
 come yellow. 
 
 r^nest r,, a, yellow : pale. 
 flcjSn) (Lot. claudo ? clavis ?) f, >, 
 trap-door. 
 
 , aw, , severe kick. 
 , (tmc.), ay, , crook, used &y 
 shepherds. Compare Eng. clutch. 
 i, as, fi, and 
 ovs t r,, = xluira.. 
 x^wu (xXuret), a.;, ncct, to hatch, 
 
 brood. 
 
 xouxxovficcytu (XBVX.XOS, fidyiet), as, r, t 
 owl 
 
 ga (Ital. giara), as, fi, jar. 
 
 (ivydi), ttffa, dtrS 
 , and 
 ova, ta<r*,&iw, upivof, to couple. j Sri, conj. that : for, because. 
 
 (^tvyu), a, , and 
 , ov, o, ploughman. 
 (^nral), tf, B, a /It/ 
 
 , , beggar. 
 * (gurrupi), urct, urSw, 
 to gird. 
 
 os, s, , balance. 
 
 vyxia (Lat. uncia), as, fi, ounce. 
 
 ta^i, (<r/), /?, re, cover of a book. 
 vt^ (7/a/. paniere), i9u TB, pannier. 
 .>rXio(jt,K (x-i^rXufca), ars> re, COVer- 
 let. 
 
 j ov, TO, pastry. 
 (La/, cancelli), cw, ra, balus- 
 
 u.<$'ntt nva *s fn reTtt, to shoot 
 one dead, literally, to leave him on 
 the spot. 
 
H. HUNTINGTON, JR. 
 
 24 ASYLUM-STREET, HARTFORD, 
 
 HAS RECENTLY PUBLISHED THE FOLLOWING 
 WORKS, 
 
 INTRODUCTORY TO THE STUDY OF 
 
 THE GREEK LANGUAGE. 
 
 I. FIRST LESSONS IN GREEK: By E. A. SOPHO- 
 CLES, A. M.; pp. 180, 18mo., designed as an introduc- 
 tion to the study of the Greek, and to precede the use of 
 the Grammar by the same author. 
 
 This little work is designed for beginners in the study of the Greek lan- 
 guage, and seems precisely adapted to their wants. It contains only the 
 elements of the language things which learners need to have their atten- 
 tion first directed to, and which they must learn, in order to lay the foun- 
 dation of any future progress. Containing only the elements, it does 
 not distract and discourage the mind of the beginner, by presenting be- 
 fore it too great a variety and multiplicity of objects an advantage which 
 intelligent and experienced teachers cannot fail to appreciate. 
 
 The author, we understand, is a modern Greek, who has devoted a 
 great portion of his life to studying the dialect of his forefathers, amid the 
 very scenes in which they acted, and spoke, and wrote He seems to 
 have imbibed the very genius of the noble language which he now comes 
 and offers to teach to the generous youth of oui country. In the hands 
 of Mr. Sophocles, the ancient Greek assumes a spirit and vivacity which 
 leads us to think we have been mistaken in calling it a dead language. 
 It is dead, we believe, only to those who know it not. Congregational- 
 ist, July 27, 1839. 
 
This little volume, the preface says, is essentially an abridgment of 
 Sophocles' Greek Grammar, published in the year 1&33, and is intended 
 to precede that Grammar. It contains such parts of the Grammar as 
 the student would learn in first going over the Grammar, should he not 
 use this book, together with such examples of Greek to be rendered into 
 English, and of English to be rendered into Greek as will illustrate the 
 rules, and facilitate the student's pi ogress. It is characterized by the 
 same accuiacy and logical arrangement which is to be found in the 
 Grammar, and which place these two books fully on a level with the ad- 
 mirable Latin Lessons and Grammar of Messrs. Andrews and Stoddard. 
 So similar, indeed, are Mr. Sophocles' books to those of the gentlemen 
 mentioned, that those who have learned their Latin from the latter, should 
 not fail to learn their Greek from the former. This is not the place to 
 enter at large into the subject; but from a careful examination of every 
 part of the Grammar, (and the lessons and Grammar are one, and must 
 stand or fall together,) we venture the prediction that the publication of 
 these books w T ill be found to have marked a new era in tlie progress of 
 Greek literature in this country. Authors of previous Grammars deserve 
 all praise ; but it may surely be believed that a native Greek, and a pro- 
 found scholar, with the aid of modern and more extended views of 
 philology, might give us a still better Grammar than any that we before 
 possessed. Ncio Haven Record, July 20, 1839. 
 
 II. A GREEK GRAMMAR, FOR THE USE OF 
 LEARNERS : By E. A. SOPHOCLES, A. M., author of 
 "First Lessons in Greek." Third edition, pp. 284, 
 12mo. 
 
 The parts seem well suited, in respect to length, to each 
 other, and there is a decided spirit of unity pervading the work. In the 
 first place I was struck with the happy manner in which the laws of 
 euphony are laid down, by which so many seeming anomalies are ex- 
 plained. In the second part, the tables of anomalies are excellent: and 
 those of second aorists and second perfects, appear in a Grammar, I 
 believe, for the first time. 
 
 The Syntax, too, is equally happy, and the author's translations of the 
 examples under the rules, are as good as any I have ever seen. On the 
 whole, I know of no elementary Grammar which fulfils the demands 
 which are made by the present state of this science, more completely 
 than that of Mr. Sophocles. T. D. WOOLSEY, Professor of Greek in 
 Yale College. 
 
 The merits of Mr. Sophocles's Greek Grammar have come to be well 
 understood ; and it is gradually passing into general use in our schools 
 and academies. The clearness and condensation, which are its marked 
 characteristics, will strongly recommend it to instructors. Mr. Sopho- 
 cles is well known as a gentleman of extraordinary attainments in Greek 
 
literature, and of a clear and logical mind. The fact of his being a native 
 Greek, added to his familiar acquaintance, from long and laborious study, 
 with the ancient classics, gives him a great advantage over the authors 
 of most of our grammars ; an advantage that will be more highly appre- 
 ciated, the more the modern Greek is studied in connection with its 
 ancient mother. To such a man, the Greek is far from being a dead 
 language. In his mind, its words excite the living images of country 
 and of home, the sentiments belonging to his nationality, the feelings 
 native to his heart. Many a delicacy of expression, many a refinement 
 of construction, must be perceptible to him, that escapes the notice of 
 the learned Hellenists of other nations. And when he composes a 
 grammar of the ancient language of his country, he does it not from 
 books alone ; but he writes with the consciousness of " inward Hellen- 
 ism," and with a confidence and clearness that no other can. 
 
 The first edition of this Grammar was noticed in a former number of 
 this Journal. The second edition contains many improvements upon 
 that; some important additions; some instances of filling out the forms 
 more completely than before The rules of the Syntax are worded 
 with admirable precision ; and the examples to illustrate them are taken 
 from the best authors. We have no hesitation in saying, that, for thor- 
 oughness and completeness, for lucid order arid terseness of expression, 
 this Grammar is unsurpassed by any in the English language ; and we 
 hope, for the sake of classical learning in the country, that it will come 
 into extensive use. Second Notice by North American Review, July, 1840. 
 
 It is a work of great original research, eminently fraught with learn- 
 ing, and generally arranged with skill. I shall not fail to commend it to 
 the use of my pupils: and I do not hesitate to recommend it for general 
 use. I am particularly pleased with the copiousness and pertinence of 
 its examples, and its very full enumeration of exceptions. Mr. Sopho- 
 cles' manner of presenting the second aoristand the second future is far 
 more satisfactory to me than the usual way. The Syntax is at once sim- 
 ple and philosophical; and the whole woikis constructed on that happy 
 medium which makes it an invaluable book of reference for the advanced 
 scholar, and at the same time a simple and easy introduction for the 
 beginner. W. S. TYLER, Professor of Greek in Amherst College. 
 
 I have examined, with some attention, the Grammar prepared by Mr. 
 Sophocles. It appears to be a work of great care and research. The 
 Author has spared no pains to make the work perfect, and, if he has not 
 reached' entirely the point at which he aimed, he has succeeded in sup- 
 plying us with a work better adapted to the wants of the community 
 than any of its predecessors. With the laws of euphony and the tables 
 of anomalies, and of the second perfect and second aorist, I am well 
 pleased. The Syntax is full, simple, and well arranged. I consider 
 the chapter on versification, though brief, valuable. I have no hesitation 
 in recommending it to general use. ASA DRURY, Professor of Greek in 
 Watermlh College. 
 
The editor has generally referred, in his Notes, to the Greek Grammar 
 of Mr. Sophocles, because he is satisfied that it is the Grammar best 
 adapted to the wants of American Classical Schools. The clearness 
 and precision of the rules, the excellence of the arrangement, and the 
 felicitous selection of examples, place that work at the head of the nu- 
 merous elementary Grammars of the Greek language, that are at present 
 used in the United States. Mr. Sophocles has that accurate knowledge 
 of all the niceties of the Greek language, which can hardly be expected 
 of any other than a native Greek; and without disparagement to the 
 valuable labors of other able scholars in this department, the preference 
 is justly to be awarded to him. Extract from Professor Feltan's preface 
 to the Greek Reader. 
 
 SOPHOCLES' GREEK GRAMMAR, A second edition of this Grammar, 
 in a beautiful style of typography, has appeared from the University 
 Press at Cambridge. Mass. We have already called the attention of 
 teachers and students to the work. Its value has become widely known, 
 and it has been adopted as a text book at Yale and Harvard, and iu many 
 of our best classical schools. Philaddpiiia North American. 
 
 I have no hesitation iu recommending Sophocles' Greek Grammar to 
 the notice of classical teachers. Indeed, the fact of its having reached 
 its third edition in so short a time from its first publication, is a proof 
 that its merits are already appreciated. S. TOTTEN, D. D., President of 
 Washington College. 
 
 III. A GREEK READER FOR THE USE OF 
 SCHOOLS : containing selections in Prose and Poetry, 
 with English notes and a Lexicon; adapted particularly 
 to the Greek Grammar of E. A. Sophocles, A. M., by C. 
 C. Felton, A. M., Eliot Professor of Greek Literature in 
 Harvard University, pp. 454, 12mo. 
 
 The excellence of any Greek book for beginners must depend, in a 
 good degree, upon the character of the selections of which it is compos- 
 ed. They should be taken from easy authors, should be long enough to 
 interest the pupil, and sufficiently various as to subjects to embrace all 
 the more common words of the Greek language. In this respect I think 
 Felton's Greek Reader is superior to any now in use, and may be read 
 with advantage by students preparing for college. S. TOTTEN, D. D., 
 President of Washington College. 
 
This work, from the hands of one of the most distinguished Greek 
 scholars in the United States, has just issued from the press. .The pub- 
 lisher had already, within a year or two, offered to the public two of the 
 very best elementary books on the Greek language which have ever 
 appeared, either in this or in any other country. We allude to the 
 Greek Grammar, and First Lessons in Greek, by E. A. Sophocles. In 
 publishing the present work, he has rendered the cause of Greek learn- 
 ing another very essential service. It is such a work as might have been 
 expected from a gentleman of the taste and scholarship which distin- 
 guish Professor Felton; containing some of the choicest selections from 
 the choicest portions of Greek literature. The fables of ^Esop will in- 
 terest the young learner by their pointed wit; the dialogues of Lucian, 
 by their satire and humor; the selections from Xenophon will engage his 
 attention by the simplicity and elegance of their style ; Herodotus and 
 Thucydides will afford him a refreshing draught at the very fountains of 
 historical knowledge; the odes of Anacreon will amuse him by their 
 light and playful fancy ; while the extracts from Euripides and Aristop- 
 hanes will serve to give him a taste of the Grecian drama, and awaken 
 a desire for a more perfect acquaintance with its peculiar character. 
 
 The extracts from the different authors are neither so long, on the one 
 hand, as to weary the learner with too much of the same thing, nor, on 
 the other, so short as to fail of interesting, by hurrying him from author 
 to author, without giving him more than a glimpse of any one in partic- 
 ular. Professor Felton has not here hashed up JEsop, and Lucian, and 
 Herodotus, and Xenophon, and Anacreon, and presented them to the 
 student in the form of mince meat, but he has given enough of each au- 
 thor to initiate the learner into his peculiar manner and style. Not only 
 so, but he presents him with something from each of the different de- 
 partments of Greek literature fable, history, dialogue, oratory, and 
 poetry in its different forms of the ode, the epic, and the drama. 
 
 The notes to each author are prefaced with a brief account of his life, 
 so much of it as becomes the student to be acquainted with before com- 
 mencing the study of his works; and instead of being written in the 
 Latin tongue, as such notes used to be, they are, together with the 
 Lexicon, written in good plain English. 
 
 On the whole, the work cannot fail of being pronounced by good 
 judges, an admirable introduction to the study of the Greek writers, 
 adapted to an admirable Greek Grammar, and in the hands of apt teach- 
 ers and learners, it cannot fail to contribute to the formation of admira- 
 ble scholars in that most perfect of all the infinitely diver 
 human speech the Ancient Greek. Congregati ^^ 
 
 We announced some weeks since, the pubhuioi^|i a. vjrrtjirgu;auer^ v 
 by Prof. Felton, of Harvard University. The^nbc^a^cliiai-acteristics 
 of the work we will now endeavor to state, for nii^S 
 structors who have not had opportunity to examine it. 
 
 In making selections from the Greek classics, Prof. F. has confined 
 himself to few authors, having taken his extracts from the writings of 
 ^Esop, Lucian, Xenophon, Thucydides, Herodotus and Lysias in prose, 
 and from those of Homer, Anacreon, Sappho, Simonides, Callistratus, 
 Euripides, Aristophanes and Moschue in poetry. His aim was to maka 
 
6 
 
 selections of such length and character that the pupil should become 
 interested in each. They are certainly made in excellent taste. The 
 grammatical references are to the admirable grammar of Sophocles. 
 Prof. Felion's notes are full, and embrace a biographical account of 
 each of the authors from whose works selections have been made. The 
 lexicon is perhaps as complete as any appended to such a volume. 
 
 On the whole we should regard the book as exceedingly well fitted to 
 cultivate in the pupil a taste /or the elegancies of the ancient Greek lite- 
 rature. In this respect we think it superior to any other work of its 
 class. Philadelphia North American, January 1, 1841. 
 
 The work which lies before us, and which has called forth these re- 
 marks, is a new selection of extracts from the most celebrated Greek 
 writers, by Professor Felton, entirely different, as regards the passages 
 selected, from any heretofore known on this side the Atlantic, and va- 
 rying somewhat, although slightly in its plan from those in general use. 
 
 We will premise that the Greek type is excellent, and'although of 
 rather a small face, singularly* distinct, clear, and legible. The fables 
 selected from ./Esop are the best and most elegant of his beautiful col- 
 lection ; nor do we at all think the editor has inserted too many. With 
 regard to his next author, Lucian, we cannot go quite so far; for al- 
 though the reasoning is plausible as to the popularity with the young 
 people of this writer, and the general accuracy of his style, he is not a 
 favorite of ours, nor ever has been. 
 
 With Professor Felton's extracts from Xenophon, that purest and 
 most entertaining of all ancient writers, we are delighted. He has done 
 well in not limiting his selections to the Cyropaedia, the least able and 
 least interesting of all his works ; and he has done well in giving place 
 to the beautiful episode of Abradates and Panthea, instead of the usually 
 extracted puerilities about the wondrously loquacious childhood of the 
 Persian prince. From the Anabasis, also, the very best book of the whole, 
 in our estimation, has been culled out, the spirited and graphic second, 
 which, with all the authenticity of the gravest history, blends all the in- 
 terest of the wildest fiction, commencing with the desperate situation of 
 the Greeks after the battle of Cynaxa, and the death of Cyrus, and end- 
 ing with the characters of the five Greek commanders taken oft' by the 
 base treachery of Tissaphernes, the portraits of Clearchus of Menon 
 being the masterpieces of that age, the models of all later eras, as speci- 
 mens of historical portrait painting. From the Hellenics, we have the 
 stirring tale of Thrasybulus when he sat "sublime on Phyle's brow," 
 and how he conquered the oppressive thirty. These three selections give 
 a verv complete specimen of all the various powers and various beau- 
 ties of this accomplished general, and statesman, and philosopher, and 
 author. A portion of the Sicilian expedition has been chosen, and that 
 we think with judgment, from Thucydides. A single long extract from 
 Herodotus, and a part of the superb funeral oration of Lysias, complete 
 the prose selections, which we have no hesitation in pronouncing, as 
 vastly superior to the collection in Jacob's, or any other Greek reader 
 we have seen. In the omission of Plutarch, we agree generally with 
 Mr. Felton. In his preference of the Anabasis and Hellenica to the 
 mere Cyropsedia we are quite with him. We prefer his passages of 
 
Thucydides to those in common use, the Plague and the Speech pf 
 Pericles, which are too difficult for any youthful readers ; and we great- 
 ly applaud his admission of a specimen of Greek oratory to this goodly 
 array of sages and historians. 
 
 It is, however, in his poetical selections that Professor Felton has dif- 
 fered the most widely from former selectors, and done himself most hon- 
 or in the difference. He has here shown that he is not a mere book- 
 worm, a decliner of nouns and conjugator of verbs, but a man of taste 
 and fancy, of a spirit thoroughly imbued with the spirit of old classic 
 poetry who, if he has neither " steeped his lips in the fountain of the 
 horse, not slumbered on the twain-topped Parnassus," has at least bathed 
 his soul in the rich streams that have flowed thence, and risen from his 
 bath full of high tastes, and glorious sentiments, and keen appreciations 
 of all beauty, caught from the godlike contact. 
 
 He commences with a selection from the Odyssey Ulysses and Poly- 
 phemus a beautiful one, it is true ; but why from the Odyssey, Profes- 
 sor Felton ? Why not from the great glowing Iliad, so singularly set 
 aside by all compilers of Greek readers ? Then we have some sweet 
 odes of Anacreon and Sappho's Venus ; then that most lovely lyric of 
 all ages, the Danae and Perseus of Simonides, the untranslated, untrans- 
 latable, though hundreds have tried their hands at it; and then the mag- 
 nificent war-song of Callistratus, " In a myrtle branch my sword v/ill I 
 bear." After these, we have a long extract from the Hecuba of Euri- 
 pides, the noblest, in our estimation, of all his lyrics, with the one excep- 
 tion of that in the Iphigenia at Aulis, which we wish he could have found 
 room to insert; another from the Orestes of the same author, highly 
 characteristic of the poet, and of considerable intrinsic value. A portion 
 of thePlutus of Aristophanes follows. 
 
 The notes which follow are chiefly distinguished by a brief preamble 
 to each extract, giving a slight notice of the writer's life, character, and 
 style ; and discussing shortly, but with a master's hand, the characteristic 
 beauties or peculiarities of his composition and manner. Several of 
 these preambles possess a very high degree of excellence in a literary 
 point of view; are themselves not only very instructive, but full of feel- 
 ing and poetry, and evince clearly how much the mind of the editor was 
 with his subject. New York Review, January, 1841. 
 
 IV. GREEK EXERCISES AND KEY, with an Eng- 
 lish and Greek Vocabulary, adapted to Sophocles' Greek 
 Grammar, pp. 192, 12mo. By E. A. Sophocles, A. M. 
 
 This beautifully printed volume, from the press of Messrs. Folsom, 
 Wells, and Thurston, Cambridge, has just appeared. It is designed, 
 we understand, to form one of a series of elementary Greek School 
 books, of which a Greek Grammar, and First Lessors in Greek by Mr, 
 Sophocles, and a Greek Reader adapted to Mr. Sophocles' Grammar, 
 by Professor Felton of Harvard University, had already been published, 
 These works, in our opinion reflect great credit bath on the authors, the 
 
8 
 
 primers, and the publisher. The public, we do uot doubt, on examin- 
 ing them, will confirm our opinion. They do honor to the country 
 which produced them, and would not suffer by comparison with similar 
 works published in any other country. 
 
 The design of the present work is' to furnish the learner with a series 
 of exercises adapted to the Rules of the Author's Greek Grammar. 
 Grammatical Rules can be perfectly understood and fixed in the memo- 
 ry only by means of such exercises. Mere translation will never fonn 
 accomplished scholars in any language. In order to become well ac- 
 quainted with the structure of a language, we must practice writing it. 
 This work affords the learner important facilities in his first attempts to 
 write the Greek. It presents him with a series of exercises grammatic- 
 ally arranged and a vocabulary in which he can readily find the words 
 to be employed. A Vocabulary like this, in English, and Greek, we do 
 not recollect to have seen annexed to any similar work. A part of the 
 edition, we observe, contains a Key for the use of instructors, which will 
 doubtless serve greatly to facilitate and lighten their labor. Connecticut 
 Courant, April, 1841. 
 
 NEW SCHOOL BOOK. In another column will be found an advertise- 
 ment of the excellent school-books introductory to the study of the Greek 
 language by Messrs. Sophocles and Felton. Of these works we have 
 already spoken, excepting the " Greek Exercises" by Mr. Sophocles, 
 which has just been issued from the press. This appears to us to form 
 a very valuable addition to the list. It differs from other books of Latin 
 and Greek Exercises, in at least one important respect, viz. that after a 
 sufficient series of exercises in which the tcords are given, the pupil is left 
 to select the words, as well as to inflect and arrange them properly. To 
 furnish the means of doing this, an English-Greek vocabulary is subjoin- 
 ed to the exercises ; and this part of the volume will be highly valued, as 
 it supplies a want which has long been felt, and as it has been prepared 
 by a scholar who, in fitness for such a task, has no superior in our coun- 
 try. We commend the "Greek Exercises" to the notice of instructors. 
 Philadelphia North American, April, 1841. 
 
 ALL THE FOREGOING WORKS ARE FOR SALE BY 
 
 COLLINS, REESE & CO., 
 
 No. 254 Pearl Street, 
 NEW YORK. 
 

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