UC-NRLF B ^ bn laa SYLLABUS OF LECTUf?)ES AND Motthews SYLLABUS OF LECTURES ON Pharmacology and Therapeutics IN THE University of Michigan ARRANGED ESPECIALLY FOR THE USE OF THE CLASSES TAKING THE WORK IN PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS AT THE UNIVER- SITY OF MICHIGAN. S. A. MATTHEWS, M. D., Assistant in Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Michigan. GEOEGE WAHR, publisher and bookseller, Ann Arbor, Mich. fi,-^ np COPYKIGHT, 1896, GEO. WAHR. Inland PREFACE. This Syllabus of Lectures has been prepared for the use of the students taking the lecture course on Pharmacology and Therapeutics at the University of Michigan. Its object is to supplement the lecture course; (1) to guide the student in the study of Pharmacology; (2) to save time which would otherwise be taken up in writing dictations during the lecture hour. The topics are arranged as nearly as possible in the order in which they are discussed in the lectures. In the arrange- ment of drugs and their preparations only those in com- mon use are given a place and of these the more important ones are printed in italics, while those of minor importance are enclosed in brackets. It will be noticed tliat after each group of drugs two or more unnumbered blank pages are inserted upon which the student can make such additional notes as may seem necessary to cover all the topics discussed by the lecturer. S. A. Matthews. Ann Arbor, Oct. 1, 1896. CONTENTS. PART I. Introduction: — Definitions. — Method of studying Pharmacology — Ac- tion of Drugs upon the difEerent Organs and Tissues of the Body — Changes Undergone by Drugs in the difEerent Organs and Tissues — Fate of Drugs after Absorption — Elimination of Drugs — Administration o-f Drugs — Vehicles — Natural Division of Substan- ces — Pages 7-9. PART II. Organic Materia Medic k : — A. Drugs acting locally: — Demulcents — Coloring Sub- stances — Drugs giving Taste and Odor — Malodorous Drugs — Volatile Oils — Pepper Group — Stomachic Bitters — Purgatives — Anthelmintics — Genito-urin- ary disinfectant — Vegetable Astringents — Irritants —Pages 13-35. B. Drugs Having a General Action: — Alcohol Chloro- form Group — Amyl Nitrite — Hydrocyanic Acid — Caffeine and Theobromine — Strychnine — Curare — Morphiue-^Hydrastine and Sanguinariue- — Solanine — Cocaine — Atropine — Muscarine — Pilocarpine and Nicotine — Physostigmine — Ipecac — Aconite — Vera- triue — Colchicum — Quinine — Antipyretics — Anti- septics — Toxine Series — Digitalis — Saponiue Group — Ergot — Cannabis Indica — Pages 35-71. PART III. Inorganic Materia Medica: — Water — Chloride of Sodium Group — Saline Cathartics — Alkalies — Ammonia and Ammonium Compounds — Carbonates — Alkaline Earths — Sulphur — Carbon — Acid Group — Phosphorus — Halogens— Heavy Metals —Pages 72-106. PART IV. Animal Extracts — Toxalbumins — Bacterial Poisons — ' Pages 107-111. PART V. Menstrua— Pages 113-114. Index— Pages 115-121. ERRATA. Page 12, line 1 from bottom, for Turpens read Terpens. Page 19, for Lenionis read Limonis. Page 19, for Encalyptol read Eucalyptol. Page 23, line 12, from top for Columbce read Calumbw. Page 24, line 2 from top for Aperents read Aperients. Page 25, line 14 from top for Anthracine read Anthracene. Page 25, line 7 from bottom for Segrada read Sagrada. Page 26, line 6 from bottom for Aluin read JZo^■r^. Page 28, line 3 from bottom for Aspedium read Aspidium. Page 37, line 1 from top for Fabriana read Fahiana. Page 38, line 6 from top for Qalici read Qallici. Page 38. line 7 from top for Finnenti read Frumenti. Page 39, line 1 from top for Bulylchloral read Butylchloral. Page 40, line 9 from top for Amyl Nitrate read Amyl Nitrite. Page 40, line 18 from top for Olonini read Olonoini. SYLLABUS OF LECTURES ON PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. PART I.— INTRODUCTORY. I. Definitions. Materia Medica. Pharmacy. Pharmacoguosy or Pharraacograpby. Pharmacology. mi X- I Rational. Iherapeutics \ I Empirical. II. Methods of Studying Pharmacology and Thera- peutics. 1. — General properties of protoplasm acted upon by drugs: 1 ) Lability. 2) Anabolism. 3) Catabolism. 4) Irritability. 2. — How do drugs act on the organism: 1) Mechanically. 2) Physicocheraically. 3) Chemically. 8. — How does protoplasm react to poisons: 1) Stimulation. 2) Depression. 8 INTRODUCTION. 4. — Modes of action of drugs: 1) By contact, 2) Local action. 3) General action. 4) " Remote action." 5. — Are all the functions of a cell necessarily equally affected by a poison ? 6. — Does a cell acted upon by a poison necessarily contain more of that poison than one not affected by it ? 7. — Why do some drugs have simply a local action ? 8. — Relation between pharmacological action and chemical composition. III. How the Different Organs and Tissues of the Body may be Affected by Drugs. Action of drugs on albumin. Action of drugs on low organisms — (Antiseptic). Action of drugs on i ^olated cells. Action of drugs ou the blood. Actiou of drugs on epithelium. Action of drugs on connective tissue, cartilage, and bone. Action of drugs on muscle. Action of drugs on nerves. Action of drugs on nerve cells. Action of drugs on nerve ganglia. Action of drugs on nerve endings. Action of drugs on secretory cells. Action of drugs on the mouth. 1) Salivary glands. 2) Mucous glands. INTRODUCTION. 9 Action of drugs on the stomach. 1 ) Secretion. 2 ) Movement. 2) Vomiting. Action of drugs on the intestines. 1 ) Paristalsis. 2) Secretion. 3 ) Absorption. Action of drugs on the pancreas. Action of drugs on the liver. Action of drugs on the spleen and lymph glands. Action of drugs on the kidney. Action of drugs on the urinary passages. 2) Ureters. 2) Bladder. 8 ) Urethra. Action of drugs on the uterus and vagina. Action of drugs on the circulation. 1 ) Heart. 2 ) Vessels. 3) Vasomotor Centre. Action of drugs on the formation and movement of the lymph. Action of drugs on the respiration. 1) Central action. 2) Peripheral action. 3) Exchange of gases. Action of drugs on the central nervous system. 1) The spinal cord. 2) The medulla. 3) The cerebrum. Action of drugs on the eye. 1 ) Cornea. 2) Lachrymal glands. 3) Iris. 10 INTRODUCTION. 4) Lens. 5) Intraocular pressure. 6 ) Retina. Action of drugs on the ear and nose. Action of drugs on the skin, sweat glands, and mammary glands. Action of drugs on the tissue change. Action of drugs on the temperature. Action of drugs on the organs of generation. IV. Changes Undergone by Drugs in the Different Organs. 1 ) Mouth. 2) Stomach. 3) Intestines. 4) Liver. 5) Kidneys. 6) Blood and tissues. V. Fate of Drugs After Absorption. VI. Elimination of Drugs. VII. Dosage. Conditions and circumstances of patient, and modes of administration of drugs which may modify the size of the dose. VIII. Ways by Which Drugs can be Administered. 1) By skin. 2) Hypodermatically. 3) Introvenously. 4) By inunction. 5) By mucous surfaces — eye, ear, mouth and pharynx, larynx, lungs, stomach and intestines, rectum, urethra and bladder, vagina and uterus. INTRODUCTION. 11 IX. The Different Forms and Vehicles in which Medicines can be Prescribed. Aceta {Vinegars). Aquse {Waters). Cachetse {Cachets). Capsulse {Capsules). Cataplasmata {Poultices). Cerata {Cerates). Chartie {Papers). Confectiones {Confections). Collodia (Collodions). Decocta {Decoctions). Elixiria {Elixirs). Eraplastra {Plasters). Emulsa {Emulsions). Euemata {Clysters). Extracta {Extracts). Extracta Fluida {Fluid Extracts). Glycerita {Glycerites). lufusa {Infusions). Linimeuta {Liniments). Liquores {Solutions). Lotiones {Lotions). Masspe {Masses). Mellita {Honeys). Misturse (Mixtures). Mucilagines {Mucilages). Oleata {Oleates). OleoresiujB {Oleoresins). PiluL^ (Pills). Pulvers {Powders), Resiuie {Resins). Spiritus {Spirits). 12 INTRODUCTION. X. Suppositoria ( Suppositores) . Syrupi (Sijricps). Tabellfe (Tablet-triturates). Tiucturse (Tinctures). Triturationes (Triturates). Trochisci (Troches or Lozengs). Ungueata (Ointments). Vina ( Wines ) . Substances used in Medicine are Naturally- Divided into Organic and Inorganic Sub- stances. I. Inorganic. 1 ) Acids. 2) 3) 4) Organic. 1) Salts. Bases, Metals. Those f Alcohols, formed | Aldehyde, artificially. ^ Ethers, Ethereal salts, 1^ Ketones, etc. 2) Those found existing naturally, largely in plants. -< Acids, Alkaloids, Albumin and ferments, Bitter substances, Carbohydrates, Coloring matter. Fats and oils, Glucoside, Resins, Volatile ^ r\ ^ Caraphens, Turpens. oils, -\ B R A R y ■ or THE VNIYERSITY PART II.— ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. ORGANIC DRUGS AND PREPARATIONS USED FOR THERAPEUTIC PURPOSES. A— Drugs and Preparations used Mainly for Their Local Action. I. Demulcents. Vegetable substances containing gums, sugars, dectrins, starch, and pectins. These sub- stances are used, (a) as a protection to inflamed mu- cous surfaces; (6) to give body and bulk to phar- maceutical preparations, as pills, emulsions, etc. ; and (c) a medium in which to suspend heavy insoluble substances, as bismuth, etc. Acacia (Gum arabic). Contains arabin, which is the cal- cium salt of arabic or gummic acid, also potassium and magnesium. Preparations: — , . „ . , ("Used chiefly in phar- Mucilago Acaciae. J macy for making pills, Syrupus Acaciae. ] emulsions, etc., also as [^vehicles and excipients Pulvis Cretae Compositius. Contains prepared chalk, 30 per cent., acacia, 20 per cent., sugar, 50 per cent., . . Dose, 0.3— 4.0 Gm. Tragacantha (Tragacanth). Contains a soluble gum re- sembling, but not identical with arabin; and an in- soluble gum — bassorin. Preparations : — Mucilago Tragacanthae (Tragacanth, glycerine, and water), . . . Dose, 5.0— 15.0 c. c 14 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Glycyrrhiza (Licorice Root). Contains a peculiar sweet amorphous glucoside — glycyrrhizin, or glycyrrhizie acid, along with other substances. Preparations : — Extractum Glycyrrhizae, . Dose, 0.3 — 6.0 G. Extractum Glycyrrhizae Fluidum, Dose, 3.0 — 8.0 c. c. Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum, Dose, 0.3 — 6.0 G,. Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum, Dose, 0.3 — 1.0 G. Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita, (Brown Mixture). Contains in 1000 c. c. pure extract of glycyrrhiza, 30 Gra., syrup, 50 c. c, mucilage of acacia, 125c. c, cam- phorated tincture of opium, 120 c. c, wine of antimony, 60 c. c. and spirit of nitrous ether, 30 c. c. Used as an expectorant, . . Dose, 5.0 — 15.0 c. c. Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositum. Contains senna, gly- cyrrhiza, washed sulphur, oil of fennel, and sugar. Used largely as a laxative, especially after childbirth or in cases suffering from constipation due to long- inactivity, .... Dose, 2.0—8.0 G. Trofhisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. Contains extract glycyrr- hiza, powdered opium [3. m. g.), acacia, sugar, and oil of anise, .... Dose, 2. Trochi.. Amylum (starch). Preparations : — [Glyceritura amyli] . . Used as a protective. [Cetraria. (Iceland Moss.)] Decoctuin Cetrariae. [Chondrus (Irish Moss) (carragheen)]. [Sassafras' (Sassafras)]. [Ulimis (Slippery Elm)]. [Althaea (Marshniallow)]. [Zea (Corn-silk)]. [Tritiaum (Couch-grass)]. [Vitellus (White of egg)]. [Linum Linseed, Flaxseed)]. SUBSTANCES USED TO GIVE TASTE AND ODOR. 15- II. Substances used to give Color to Pharmaceutical Preparations. (Of very little consequence). Coccus (Cochineal). Crocus (SafEron). Santalum Rubrum (Red Saunders). III. Substances used to Give Taste and Odor. Some of these contain volatile oils and really be- long to the volatile oil group, while others belong to the bitter substances. Prescribed simply as meu.=trua, vehicles, and to impart a pleasant taste and odor to pharmaceutical preparations. Saecharum (Sugar). Saccharuiu Lactis (Sugar of ^Nlilk ). Aqua Rosae. Unguentiim Aquae Rosae (Cold Cream). Confectio Rosae. Used as an excipieut. Mel. Rosae. Syrupus Rosae. Rubus Idaeus (Raspberry). Syrupus Rubi Idaei. Amygdala Dulcis (Sweet Almonds). Emulsum Amygdalae, . Dose, 4.0 — 60.0 c. c. Syrupus Amygdalae, . Dose, 8.0 — 60.0 c. c. The emulsion of both sweet and bitter almonds, used as vehicles. Aqua Amygdalae Amarte. Prepared from the oil of bitter almonds, . . Dose, 2.0 — 4.0 c. c. Mel (Honey). Mel Despumatum (Clarified Honey). Vanilla (Vanilla). Tinctura Vauilliie, , . Dose, 0.6 — 1.8 c. c. 16 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. IV. Drugs Containing Malodorous Volatile Oils. Used to Impart a Disagreeable Odor and Taste to Pharmaceutical Preparations. Therapeutic uses. Asafoetida — A gum-reson. Preparations: — Emulsum Asafoetidse, . Dose, 15.0 — 30.0 c. c. Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae, . Dose, 1 — 3 pills Pilulae Asafoetidae, . . Dose, 1 — 5 pills Tinctura Asafoetidae, . . Dose, 2.0 — 4.0 c. c. Valeriana (Valerian). Preparations : — Extractum Valeriana Fludum, Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Tinctura Valeriauie, . Dose, 5.0^15.0 c.c. Tinctura Valerianae Aminoniata, Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Sumbul (Sumbul). Tinctura Sumbul, . . Dose, 2.0 — 4.0 c, c. Cypripedium (Ladie's Slipper). Extractum Cypripedii Fluidum, Dose, 0.3 — 1.8 c. c. V. Volatile Oil or Aromatic Group. Many of the members of this group contain a bitter substance along with the volitile oil, and are known as Aro- matic Bitters. Special Action. 1) On stomach and intestines (Car- minative). 2) On lungs. 3) On kidneys. 4) Excretion. 5) Antiseptic. In what chemical combination are the volatile oils excreted ? VOLATILE OIL OR AROMATIC GROUP. 17 Anisum (Anise). Preparations : — Aqua Anisi, . . . Dose, 5.0 — 3.0 c. c. Oleum Anisi, . . . Dose, 0.12 — 0.3 c. c. Spiritus Anisi, . . . Dose, 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Cardamomum (Cardamom). Preparations : — Tinctura Cardamomi, . . Dose, 3.0 — 8.0 c. C Tinctura Cardamomi Composita, Dose, 3.0 — 8.0 c. c. (Contains in 100 c. c. of tincture 2 G. Cardamom, 2 G. Cassia cinnamon, 1 G. caraway, and 0.15 G. cochi- neal). Pulvis Aromaticus, . . . Dose, 0.6 — 2.0 G. (Contains 35 per cent. Ceylon cinnamon, 35 per cent, ginger, 15 per cent, cardomom, and 15 per cent, nut- meg). Cinnamomum Cassia (Cinnamon). Cinnamomum Saigonicum (Cinnamon). Cinnamomum Zeylanicum (Cinnamon). Preparations : — Oleum Cinnamomi (from Cassia cinnamon), . Dose, 0.06— 0.18 c. c. Spiritus Ciunamoni, . . "0.6 — 4.0 c. c. Aqua Cinnamomi, . . " 5.0 — 30.0 c. c. Tinctura Cinnamomi, . " 2.0 — 3.0 c. c. Mentha Piperita (Peppernient). Preparations: — Aqua Menthae Piperitae, . Dose, 4.0 — 30 c. c. (Used largely as a vehicle). Spiritus Menthae Piperitae, " 0.6 — 1.8 c. c. 18 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Oleum Menthre Piperitse, Dose, 0.06 — 0.3 c. c. Trochisci Menthse Piperitse, " 1 (Menthol), ... " 0.03—0.06 G. Mentha Viridis (Spearmint). Preparations: Aqua Meutbse Viridis, . Dose, 5.0 — 30 c. c. Oleum Mentha Viridis, . " 0.06—0.3 c. c. Spiritus Menthse Viridis, . " 1.5 — 2.5 c. c. Rosa Centifolia (Pale Rose). Preparations : — Aqua Bosae, . . . Dose, 5.0 — 30 c. c. Aqua Rosse Fortior, . " 2.0 — 15 c. c. Oleum Rosie (Attar of Roses), . (Pei'fume). Ungiientum Aquae Rosae, . (Ointment Base). Rosa Gallica (Red Rose). Preparations : — Confectio Rosae (used as an excipient). Extractura Rosa3 Fluidum, Dose, 1.8 — 4.0 c. c. Syrupus Rosae, . . " Any size. Mel Rosaj, ..." 4.0— 8.0 c. c. Aurantii Amari Cortex, Bitter Orange-peel). Preparations: — Extractum Aurantii Araari, Fluidum . . . Dose, 1.0 — 2.0 c. c. Tinctura Aurantii Amari, " 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Aurantii Dulcis Cortex. (Sweet Orange-peel). Preparations: Oleum Aurantii Corticis, . Dose, 0.06 — 0.3 c. c. Spiritus Aurantii, . . " 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Spiritus Aurantii Compositus. VOLATILE OIL OR AROMATIC GROUP. 19 Syruptcs Aurantii, . . " 5.0 — 15.0 c. c. Tiuctura Aurantii Dulcis, . " 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Zingiber (Ginger). Preparations: — Extractum Zingiberis Fluidum, Dose, O.Q — 2.0 c. c. well diluted. Tinetura Zingiberis, . " 2.0 — 8.0 c. c. Syrupus Zingiberis, . " 2.0 — 8.0 c. c. Oleoresina Zingiberis, . " 0.03 — 0.06 c. c. Avell diluted.* Trochisci Zingiberis, . " 1. as required. Chloroformum (Chloroform). Preparations: — Aqua Ghloroformi, . Dose, 3.0 — 15.0 c. c. Emulsum Ghloroformi, . " 3.0—8.0 c. c. .Aether (Ether). Preparations: — Spiritus .iEtheris, . Dose, 1.0 — 1.5 c. c. Well diluted with ice water. Spiritus jEtheris Comjwsitus (Hoffman's Anodyne). Contains: — Ether 32.5 per cenL., Alcohol 65 per cent., and Ethereal oil 25 per cent. Dose 1.0 — 6.0 c. c. Diluted with ice-cold water. Lemonis Cortex (Lemon-peel). Preparations: — Spiritus Lemonis Corticis, . Dose, 1 — 4 c. c. Oleum Lemonis, ..." 0.06 — 0.3 c. c. [Eucalptus. — Contains Encalyptol. Extractum Encalypti Fluidum, . Dose, 0.6 — 4 c. c. Oleum Encalypti, .... " 0.3— 1 c. c. Encalyptol, " 0.1 — 0.6. ORGANIC MATERIA MEBICA. [Lavandula (Lavender-flowers.) J Oleum Lavandulce, . Spiritus Lavandulse, Tinctura Lavndulai composita, ' Allium. (Garlic). Contains a volitile oil — allyl su Syrupus Allii, Dose, 0.06—0.3 c. c. " 0.6—3 c. c. " 1—3 c. c. Iphide (C3 H5) 2 S. Dose, 4 — 8 c. c 'Anthemis (Chamomile)]. 'Matricaria (German chamomile)]. [Carum (Caraway)]. Oleum Cari, Dose, 0.06—0.3 c. c. 'Caryophyllus (Cloves)]. Oleum Caryophylii, [Pimenta (allspice)]. Oleum Pimenta3, Dose, 0.06—0.3 c. c. Dose, 0.06—0.3 c. c. [Coriandrum (Coriander)]. Oleum Coriandri, Dose, 0.1—0.8 c. c. [Foenicuhim (Fennel)]. Oleum Foeniculi, Aqua Foeniculi, , [Hedeoma (Pennyroyal)]. Oleum Hedeomaj, Dose, 0.1—0.3 Dose, 0.06—0.3 c. c. [Melissa (Balm)]. [lUicium (Staranise)]. [Salvia (Sage)]. [Mads (Mace)]. [Myristica (Nutmeg)]. Oleum. Myristicae, Spiritus Myristicse, Dose, 0.C6— 0.1 " 2.0— 4.0 c. c. [Samhucus (Elderflower)]. [Sassasras]. [Oleum Bergamottce or Bergamii, [Oleum Sassafras], [Oleum Myrcite, . . . . [Oleum Cajuputi, .... [Oleum Erigerontis, Dose, 0.1—0.3 c. c. " 0.1—0.3 c. c. " 0.1—0.8 c. c. " 0.1—0.3 0. c. " 0.1—0.3 c. 0. [Marrubium (Horehound). [Tanacetum (Tansy). [Oleum Eosmarini, [Oleum Thymi, . . . . Dose, 0.1— 0.3 c. " 0.1—0.3 0. 0. c. PEPPER GROUP. 21 VI. Pepper Group. Source, chemistry and physical properties of the alkaloid contained in the group. Relation of the pepper group to the aromatic volatile oils on the one hand, and the simple bit- ters on the other hand. General action. Special action. 1) On the alimentary canal. (a) On secretions. (6) On absorption, (c) On movements. 2) On skin and mucous membranes. 3) On the kidneys, 4) On bladder and urethra. Therapeutic uses. Piper (Black Pepper). ■Capsicum (Cayenne Pepper). Preparations : — Oleoresina Piperis, . Dose, 0.016—0.06, in pill. Piperinum (Piperine), " 0.05—6.3 G. Oleoresina Capsici, . " 0.016-0.06, in pill. Emplastrum Capsici. Used externally as a counter- irritant. Extractum Capsici Fluidum Dose, 0.06—0.18 c. c. Tinctura Capsici, . . " 0.6—1.5 c. c. Pyrethrum (Pellitory). Tinctura Pyrethri— Used locally as a stimulent to mucous membranes. On account of the irritating action of these groups some • of the preparations have been placed among the skin irritants. 22 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. VII. Stomachic Bitters. Source and general description of the substances included in the group. Differences between the action of the aromatic bitters and the simple bitters. Special action. ( 1 ) On the secretions of the mouth. (2) On the stomach and intestines. Therapeutic uses. Calumba (Columbo). Preparations : — Extractum Columbse Fluidum, Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Tincture Columba, . . ' " 2.0—8.0 c, c. The preparations of columbo contain no tannic acid, therefore can be prescribed with Iron. Quassia. Preparations : — Extractum Quassise, Dose, 0.06 — 0.2 G. in pill Extractum Quassise Flu- idum, . . " 0.3—0.6 c. c. Tincturre Quassise, . " 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Infusum Quassise, . '• 10.0 — 50.0 c. c. Gentiana (Gentian). Preparations : — Extractum Gentiauaj, Dose, 0.06 — 0.6 G. in pill. Extractum Gentianae Flu- idum, . . " 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Tinctura Gentianae Com- posita, . . " 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Infusium Gentianae, . " 5.0 — 30.0 c. c. STOMACHIC BITTERS. 2» Condurango. Preparations: — Extractum Condurango Fluidum, Dose, 4.0—8.0 c. c. Prunus Virginiana (Wild Cherry). Preparations : — Extractum Pruui Virginianse Fluidum, . . Dose, 2.0— 3.0 c. c. Syrupus Pruni Virginianse, " 4.0—16.0 c. c. lufusum Pruui Virginianse, " 10.0—40.0 c. c. The preparations of wild cherry, especially the syrup, are used largely for vehicles. Chirata. Extractum Chiratse Fluidum, Dose, 1.0—4.0 c. c. Tiuctura Chiratse, Serpentaria (Suake Root). Extractum Serpentarise Fluidum, " Tinctura Serpentarise, « 5.0 — 15.0 c. c. 0.5—2.0 c. c. 4.0—8.0 c. c. [Menispermum (Yellow Parilla, Canadian Moonseed)]. Extractum Menisperm.! Fluidum, Dose, 1—3 c. c [Pareira (Pareira Brava)]. Extractum Pareirte Fluidum, [Taraxacum (Dandelion)]. Extractum Taraxaci, . Extractum Taraxaci Fluidum. [Calamus (Sweet Flag)]. Extractum Calami Fluidum, [Cascarilla]. [Absinthium (Wormwood)]. [Humillus (Hops)]. Tinctura Humuli, Extractum Lvipulini Fluidum, Oleoresina Lupulini, . Lupulinum, Dose, 1 — 4 c. c. Dose, 0.5—1 G. <' 3 — 4c. c. 0.5—3 c. c. Dose, 1.5—6.0 c. c. 0.6—1 c. c. .. 0.13—0.3 c. c " 0.6—1.0 G. 24 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. VIII. Drugs Which act as local Irritants in the Intestines — Laxatives, aperents, purgatives, Cath- artics, etc. General consideration of the action of purgatives. 1 ) Relation of the alimentary canal to the body as a whole. 2) What is required of a drug, that it act locally in the intestine, causing purgation ? 3) Normal conditions of the contents of the intestines, and the manner in which the normal contents are changed by drugs so as to cause pur- • gation. Classification of drugs acting as local Irritants in Intestines. (a) Mixed Purgatives. General consideration of their action. Substances included in the group: Honey. Manna. Tamarindus (Tamarind). Cassia Fistula (Purging Cassia). Ficus (Figs). Prunis (Prunes). None of these are of any particular importance, and gen- erally are prescribed together in confection of senna. (b) Oils Acting as Local Intestinal Irritants. (1) 0/ew?>i -Rtcmt (Castor Oil), . . Dose, 4.0—30.0 c. c. (2) Oleum Tiglii (Croton Oil), . . " 0.03— 0.06 c. c. DR UGS A CTING AS IRRITANTS IN INTESTINES. 25 Chemistry of castor oil. Action. How acted upon in the intestines. Therapeutic uses. (Castor oil is generally prescribed in capsules or in milk or wine). Chemistry of croton oil. Action. How does croton oil differ in action from castor oil? Therapeutic uses. (Croton oil is generally given in one drop doses with sugar, as a drop on a lump of sugar). (c) Antracine Group. A group of purgative substances having as their active principle au antracine deri- vative. Chemistry of the group. Action and comparison with the action of former groups. Action of individual members considered. ( 1 ) On intestines. (2) On other pelvie viscera. (3) On urine. Rhamnus Purshiana (Cascara Segrada). Preparation : — ■ Extractum Rhamni Purshianae Fluidum, . . . Dose, 5 — 2.0 c.c, Frangula (Rhamnus Frangula — Buckthorn). Preparation : — Extractum Fraugulse Fluidum, Dose, 0.6 — 2,0 c. c. 4 26 ORGANIC MATERIA MEJDICA. Rheum (Rhubarb). Preparations : — Extractum Rhei, Extractura Rhei Fluidum, Mistura Rhei et Sedre, Pilulae Rhei, Pilulae Rhei compositae, Pulvis Rhei compositus, Syrupus Rhei, . Syrupus Rhei Aromatic us, Tinctura Rhei, . Tinctura Rhei Aromatica, Tinctura Rhei Dulcis, Senna (Senua). Preparations : — Ponfectio Sennae, Extractum Senuse Fluidum, ' Infusum Sennae Compositum, ' Syrupus Sennae, . . ' Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositum, (Syrupus Sarsaparillse compositum,) Aloe Barbadensis (Barbadoes Aloes). Aloe Socotrins (Socotrine Aloes). Preparations : — A loe Purificata ( Purified A Ives [Aloiuum (Aluiu)], Extractum A Ives, Pilulae Aloes, Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae,, Pilulae Aloes et Ferri, Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches, Dose, 0.3-^0.6 G. " 0.5—2.0 c. c. " 4.0—8.0 c. c. " 1—3 pills " 1—3 pills " 2.0—4.0 c. c. " 2.0— 15,0 c. c. " 2.0— 15.0c. c. " 4.0—8.0 c. c. " 2.0—4.0 c. c. " 3.0—8.0 c. c. Dose, 4.0—8.0 G. " 4.0—8.0 c. c. " 60.0— 240 c.c. " 2.0—8.0 c. c. " 2 0—8.0 G. 2.0—4.0 c. c.) ),Dose, 0.18-0.05 G. " 0.03—0.15 G. " 0.03—0.3 G. " ]— Spills. " 1—3 pills. " 1—3 pills. " 1—3 pills. X p R A *? r^s^ OF THE > UNIVERSITY DRUGS ACTING AS IRRITANTS IN INTESTINES. 27 Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae, . T>'^se, 1 — 3 pills. Tiuctura Aloes, . . . " 2 — 8 c. c. Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae, . " _' — 8 c. c. (d) Resinous Purgatives. (Drastic). If classified according to strength of action this group would contain croton oil. Action of this group as compared with former groups. Jalapa (Jalap). Preparations : — Exfractum Jalapae, . . Dr.^e, 0.3 — 0.6 G. Pulvis Jalapae compositus, . " 1 — 2.5 G. Resina Jalapae, ..." 0.1 — 0.25 G. Colocynthis (Colocynth). Preparations: — Extractum Colocynthidis, . Dose, 0.2 — 0,4 G. Extractum Colocynthidis corapositum. Contains: Extract of colocynth, purified alves, cardamom, using scammony, soap, and alcohol, Dose, 0,3 — 1.3 G. Pilulae Catharticae Compositae. Each pill contains: Compound extract of colocynth, 0.09 G,; extract of jalap and calomel, of each 0.06 G.; gumboge 0.015 G. . Dose, 1 — 3 pills. Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabilis. Each pill contains: Compound extract of colocynth, 0.06 G. ; extract of hyoscyamus, and extract of jalap, of each 0.03 G. ; extract of leptandra and extract of podophyllum, of each 0.016 G.; oil of peppermint 0.008 c. c Dose, 1—3 pills. Podophyllum (May Apple). Preparations : — Extractum Podophylli, . . Dose, 0.03—0.3 G. Extractum Podophylli Fluidum, " 0.2 — 1 c. c. 28 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Podophylliu, ..." 0.003— 0.03 G. Resiua Podophylli, . . " 0.004—0.03 G. [Scammoniura (Scammony)]. Resina Scammonii, . . Dose, 0.06 — 0.5 G. [Elaterium.] Trituratio Elaterini, . . Dose, 0.02—0.04 G. [Gambogia (Gamboge)]. [Enonymus (Wahoo)]. [Extractum Enonymi, . . Dose, 0.2—0.6 G. [Bryonia (Bryony)]. Tinctura Bryoniaa, . . . Dose, 0.6 — 6. c. c. [Iris) Blue Flag)]. Extractum Iridis, . . . Dote, 0.1—0.3 G. Extractum Iridis Fluidum, . " 0.3 — 0.6 c. c. [Juglans (Butternut)J. Extractum Juglandis, . . Dose, C.3 — 0.6 G. [Leptandra (Culver's Root)]. Extractum Leptandrae, . . Dose, 0.06 — 0.5 G. Extractum Leptandrae Fluidura, " 9.5 — 1.5 c. c. Leptandrinum, .... " 0.06—0.3 G. [Myrrhse (Myrrh)]. Tinctura Murrhee, . . . Dose, 2.0 — 6.0 c. c. IX. Anthelmintics. Drugs used for the extirpation of intestinal parasites. 1 ) What is required of a drug that it act as an anthel- mintic. 2) How the different intestinal parasites are acted upon by drugs. 3) Drugs and preparation generally used for the removal of intestinal parasites. (a) Drugs used for the extirpation of the Tape-ivorm. Aspedium. — U.S. P. Felix Mas. B. P. (Male fern). Preparation : — Oleoresina Aspidii, . . Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. in capsules. ANTHELMINTICS. 29 Granatum (Pomgranate). Preparations : — Granatum, . . . Dose, 15.0—50.0 c. c. in decoction. Pelletierinse Tannas (Pelleterine Tannate), Dose, 0.2—0.3 G., in capsules. Kamala (Rottlara). Pepo (Pumpkin-seed). (6) Drugs used for the extirpation of the round-worm — Ascar- is lumbricoides. Santonica (Worm-seed). Active principle santonin. General action of santonin. Special action of santonin. 1) On intestinal parasites. 2 ) On the central nervous system. 3) On the eye. 4) On the urine. Santonin Poisoning. Preparations : — Santonica (Worm-seed), . Dose, 0.6—0.3 G. Santoninum (Santonin), . " 0.03 — 0.1 G. Trochisci Santonini, . . ' " 1 — 2 troches, in the evening. Spigelia (Pink-root). Chenopodium (American worm-seed). Preparation : Oleum Chenopodii, . . Dose, 1.0— 2.0 c. c. 30 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. X. Genito-urinary Disinfectants. Chemical constituents of the group. Fate after absorption. How excreted. General action. Special action. 1 ) On the respiratory organs. 2) On the kidneys. 3) On the urine. Drugs and preparations used for genito-urinary disinfectants. Copaiba. Preparations : — Massa Copaibse, . . Dose, 0,6 — 0.4 G. Oleum Copaibce, . . " 0.3 — 1.0 c. c. in capsules. Resina Copaibce, . . " 0.6 — 1.5 G. in capsules. Cubeba (Cubeb). Preparations : — Extractum Cubebre Fleudura, " 0.6 — 4.0 c. c. Oleoersina Cubebse, . . " 0.3 — '1.5 c, c. in capsules. Oleum Cubeboe, . . " 0.3 — 1.0 c. c. in capsules. Tinctura Cubebae, . . •' 3.0 — 15.0 c, c. Trochisci Cubebse, . . " I — 6 daily. Santalum Album (White Sadal-wood). Preparation : — Oleum Santali, . . Dose, 0.3 — 1.5 c. c. in capsules. LOCAL CUTANE US IRRITA NTS. 3t Fabriana (Pichi). Preparation : — Extractum Fahriance Fluidum, " 2.0—6.0 c. c. [Matico (Matico)]. Preparations : — Extractum Matico Fluidum, Dose, 1.0—4.0 c. c. Tinctua Matico, . . " 2.0— 8.0 c. c. [Buchu (Buchu)]. Preparation : — Extractum Buchu Fluidum, Dose, 1.0—4.0 c. c. [Uva Ursa (Bearberry)]. Preparations : — Extractum Uiffi Ursi, . Dose, 0.06—0.3 G. Extractum Uise Ursi Fluidum, " 4.0—15.0 c. c. XI. Local Cutaneous Irritants. Classified accordiug to degree and mode of action into: 1) Rubefacients. 2) Vesicants. 3) Pustulants. Classified according to therapeutic use into: 1) Irritants. 2) Counter-irritants. Action of drugs upon the cutaneous tissue caus- ing irritation. Explanation of the action of cutaneous irritation. Counter-irritation. Explanation of the action of counter-irritation on the deeper-laying organs. Action of irritation upon tissue in general. Therapeutic uses. 32 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Drugs and Preparations Used Largely as Rube- facients: ^ther. Emplastrum Capisci. Chloroform. Linimentum Chloroformi. Liniraeutum Camphorse. Linimentum Saponis (Soap liniment). Menthol. Oleum Terebenthinse. Many more of the volatile oils have a mild irritating action and can be used as rubefacients. Sinapis Alba (White Mustard). Sinapis Nigra (Black Mustard). Active principles found in mustard. Chemical changes undergone by mustard in the presence of heat and moisture. Irritating action due to what? Difference between the compositition of white and black mustard. Irritating action of mustard destroyed by heat. How? Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Charta Sinapis. Moisten with warm water and apply to skin. [Linimentum Sinapis, compositum]. Oleum Sinapis Valatile. Drugs Used Mainly as Vesecants: Cantharis (Cantharides — Spanish Flies). Active principle — chemistry. Cantharides compared with mustard. VEGETABLE ASTRINGENTS. 33; Action of cantharides as a cutaneous irritants Action taken internally: ( 1 ) On the stomach and intentines. (2) On the kidneys and urinary passage. (3) On the raucous membranes of throat, and resperatory passages. Diagnosis of poisoning from cantharis. Therapeutic uses. Preparation : — Creatum Cantharidis. Collodium Cantharidatum. Emplastriim Picis Cantharidatum. Tictura Cantharidis, . Dose, 0.06 — 0. 6. c. c. Mezereum. Preparation : — Extractuin Mazei'ei Fluidum. Rhus-Toxicodendron. Drugs Used as Pustulants: Oleum Tigli (Crotou Oil). Antimoni et Palassii Tartras (Tartar Emetic). No hard and fast line can be drawn seperatiug the cutan- eous irritants. The difference in action is more one of degree than of kind. The same preparations may be both a vesicant and a rubefacient, depending upon the strength of the preparation and the length of time applied. XII. Vegetable Astringents. Active principle. Special action. 1) On gelatin. 2) On Albumin. 3) On mucous surfaces. 5 34 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Fate after absorption. Therapeutic uses. Drugs and preparations used for their astringent action. Acidum Tannicum (Tannic Acid), Dose, 0.1 — 0.6 G. Preparations : — Collodium Stypticum, Used extensively. Glyceritum Acidi Tanuici, Dose, 0.1 — 0.6 c. c. Suppositoria Acidi Tannici. Trochisci Acidi Tannici, '' 1 — 6 daily. Unguentum Acidi Tannici, Used externally. Internally tannic acid is best administered in pills or troches. Haematoxylon (Logwood). Preparations : — Extractum Htematoxyli, , Dose, 1.0 — 2.0 G. Extractum Hseraatoxyli Fluiduni, " 1.0 — 10.0 c. c. Hamamelis (Witch-hazel). Preparation : — Extractum Samamelidis Fluidum, Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Catechu (Catechu).. Preparation : — Tinctura Catechu Composita, Dose, 2.0 — 6.0 c. c. Trochisci Catechu, . . " 1—2 Krameria (Rhatany). Extractum Kramerise, . Dose 6.3 — 0.6 G. Extractum Kramerise, Fluidum, " 6.6 — 1.0 c. c. Syrupus Kramerise, . . " 2.0 — 8.0 c. c. Trochosci Kramerise, . . " 1 as required. ALCOHOL-CHLOROFORM GROUP. 35 [Kino (Kino)]. Tinctura Kino, .... Dose, 0.0 — 8.0 c. c, [Acidum Gallicum (Gallic Acid)] . " 0.2—2.0 G. Bismuthi Subgallas, ... " 0.6— 2.0 G. [Galla (Nutgall)]. Tinctura Gallse, .... Dose, 4.0—8.0 c, c. Unguentum Gallae, . . . Used externally. [Quercus Alba (White Oak). [Castanae (Chestnut-leaves). [Ehus Glabra (Rhus Glabra). [Rumex (Yellow Dock). [Rubus (Blackberry-root). [Geranium (Geranium or Crane's Bill.)] B — Drugs Having a General Action: Used for their Actions after Absorption. I. Alcohol-Chloroform Group, or the Fatty Brain Depressants. Chemical series and derivative included in the group. The general action of the group. How the depressant action can be modified or removed by adding or substituting other chemical groups or radicals. Chloroform. Chemistry and physical properties. Therapeutic uses. /Ether. Chemistry and physical properties. Therapeutic uses. Chloroform and Ether as general Anaesthetic. Detailed examination of each stage (3) of anaesthesia. 1) First stage, or stage of semi-narcosis. 2) Second stage, or stage of excitement. 3) Third stage, or stage of complete unconsciousness. 36 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. nose 1) Action on the mucous membranes of and mouth. 2) Action on the blood. 3) Action on the nervous system. (a) Cerebrum. (6) Cerebellum. (c) Spinal cord. (d) Perepheral nerves. (e) Medulla. (/) Reflex centres. 4) A-ction on the respiration. (a) Reflex. (6) Direct. 5) Action on the heart. ( a ) Reflex. (6) Direct. 6) Action on the vaso-motor centre. 7) Action on the temperature. 8) Action on tissue change. 9) Action on the lungs. 10) Action on the kidneys. 11) How excreted. Discussion of the probable causes of death during chloro- form or ether ansesthesia. History of the investigation. Causes of death after anaesthesia by chloroform or ether. Differences in action between chloroform and ether. The best concentration of chloroform and ether vapors for ansesthesia Practical advantages of each as an anaesthetic. Examination of patient before giving an anaisthetic. 1) Respiratory organs. 2) Circulatory organ. 3) Kidneys. ALCOLOL-CHLOROFORM GROUP. 37 •Conditions contraindicating the giving of a general anaes- thetic. Conditions indicating specially ether rather than chloro- form. •Conditions indicating specially chloroform rather than ether. Method of administration of an anaesthetic in ordinary cases. Special precautions to be taken in giving an anaesthetic in special cases. Treatment of accidents. Administration of anaesthetics by means of apparatus. Preparation of patient. Other general anaesthetics, but little used. Pental (Amylene.) Methylal. -Ethylene chloride, ^thylidine chloride. Methyl-tetra chloride. The preparations of chloroform and ether are placed in other groups — volatile oil group and cutaneous irritants. -Alcohol. Source, chemistry, and physical properties. General action of ethyl alcohol. Special action on : 1) Stomach and intestines. 2) Central nervous system. 3 ) Temperature. 4 ) Circulation and vaso-mooor centre. 5) Tissue change. 6) How excreted. 38 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Preparations : — Alcohol (Ethyl), 91 per cent. Alcohol Absolulem, 99 per cent. Alcohol Deodoratum, 92.5 per cent. Alcohol Dilutum, 45 per cent. Spiritus Vini Galici (Brandy), 45 per cent. Spiritus Fermenti (Whisky, 45-50 per cent. Vinum Rubrum (Red Wine), 10-14 per cent. Vinum Album (White Wine), 10-14 per cent. Beer — a brewed liquor, 4-6 per cent. Other substances found in the i^reparatious of alcohol. Discussion of alcohol as a food and comparison with the food value of fats and carbohydrates. Dangers in prescribing alcohol and special precautions to be taken. Alcohol habit. Alcohol poisoning — diagnosis. Therapeutic uses. Chloral (Chloral Hydrate). Chemistry and physical properties. Chloral in the presence of potassium-hydrate. Dangers to be taken into account in prescribing chloral. Therapeutic uses. As chloral is very deliquescent, it cannot be pre- scribed in a dry form, but is best administered dissolved in from 5 to 10 times its own weight of water,* . . . Dose, 0.5— 2.0 G. Chloral Butylicum (Butylchloral Hydrate). Chemistry and physical properties. Action, comparison with chloral. Alleged special action. Therapeutic uses. NITRATE OF AM YL GRAUP. 39 Bulylchloral is best given in syrup of tolu, or it may be suspended in mucilage, . Dose, 03. — !tO G. Sulphonal: Chemistry and physical properties. Action as compared with the action of the other members of the group. Therapeutic uses. Sulphonal is best given in hot water (50 to 100 c. c). This makes a solution, and as soon as the liquid is cool enough to be swallowed it should be taken before precipitation occurs as a result of cooling. It should be used 2 — 3 hours before patient retires. Dose, 0.5—3.0 G. Paraldehyde: Chemistry and physical properties. Actions compared Avith the action of the other members of the group. Therapeutic uses. Paraldehyde is best given in capsules or may be given in alcoholic solution, . . Dose, 2.0 — 4.0 c. c. Chloral Formamide — Chloralamide. Chloralimide. Chlorose. Tetronal. Trional. Hypnone. Nitrous-oxide (N2 O.) Action. Theapeutic use. II. Nitrite of Amyl Group. The chemical series belong to the group: 1 ) The nitrites. 2) Substances decomposed in the body forming nitrites. 40 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. General action. Special action : 1) On muscle. 2) On the perepheral vessels. 3) On the blood pressure. 4) On the blood. 5) On the urine. 6) How eliminated. Amyl Nitris (Amyl Nitrate). Chemical and physical properties. Amyl nitrite is best given in glass pearls, each pearal containing from 0.06 — 0.1 c. c. One of these may be broken on the handkerchief and the fumes inhaled. Nitroglycerine. Chemical and physical properties. Preparation : — Spiritus Glonini. (Spirit of Nitroglycerine). A one per cent, alcoholic solution of nitroglycerine. It is generally gived in one drop doses, placed on the tongue with a droper or glass rod. It may be given in pill or tablet, Dose, 0.06—0.1 c. c. Sodis Nitris, . . . " 0.1— 0.2 G. Spiritus JEtheris Nitrosi, . " 2.0 — 8.0 c. c. Differences in the action batween the individual members of the group. Therapeutic uses of the group, and special indications for each member. III. Hydrocyanic Acid, or Prussic Acid Group. Chemistry and physical properties. Reaction to other chemical reagents. CAFFEINE AND THEOBROMINE GROUP. 41 Where found and how obtained. General action. Special action. 1) On protoplasm. 2) (Antiseptic.) 3) On the nervous system. (a) On nerve centres. (b) On nerve ending. \ a ^ ■' ° ( bensory. 4) On the blood. 5) On the respiration. 6) On the heart. 7) Cause of death. Therapeutic uses. Hydrocyanic Acid. Preparations : — Acidum Hydrocyanicum dilutum — contains 2 per cent, hydrocyanic acid, Dose, 0.1 — 0.5 c. c. Oleum AmygdalfB Araarse, " 0.01 — 0.03 c. c. IV. Caffeine and Theobromine Group. Source and chemistry of the bases and derivatives belonging in the group. Caffeine and Theobromine compared chemically. General action. Special action: 1 ) On the central nervous system. 2) On muscle. 3) On the kidneys. 4) On the heart. (?) Caffeine as a diuretic, and why it often fails to. produce diuresis. Difference in action between caffeine and theo- bromine. 42 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Caffeina. Preparations : — Caffeina (Caffeine), . . Dose, O.OB— 0.1 G. Caffeina Citrata, . . " 0.06r-0.3 G. Caffeina Citrata Effervescens, " 4.0 — 1.6 c. c. Caffeine and caffeine citrate are best given in powder. Guarana: — Contains caffeine, therobromine, and tannic acid. Preparation : — Extractum Guaranse Fluidum, Dose, 3.0 — 8.0 c. c. Tea: — Contains from 2 to 4 per cent, caffeine and a small quantity of tannic acid. Kola-nut: — Contains from 2 to 4 per cent, caffeine. Theobroma (Cacao): — Contains from 1 to 1.5 per cent, theobromine. Preparations : — Theobromina, . . . Dose, 0.2 — 0.5 G. Theobramince Sodio-Salicylas (Diuretin) Dose, 0.6—0.5 G. Diuretin is best given in capsules; may be given in warm water. Therapeutic uses of the group and special indications for each member. V. Strychnine Group: Source and chemical composition of the alkaloids belonging to the group, viz., strychnine, brucine, thebaine, gelsemiue, etc. Physical properties of the alkaloids and their salts. General action. CURARE, 43 Special action. 1) On the digestive organs. 2) On the central nervous system. 3) On the vagus and vaso-motor centre. 4) On the heart. 5) On tissue change. 6) On the temperature. Cause of death, and treatment of strychnine poisoning. Therapeutic uses. Nux Vomica: — Contains strychnine and hrucine. Preparations : — Nux Vomica (powdered), Dose, 0.06 — 0.3 G. Extractum Nucis Vomicce, " 0.01 — 0.06 G., in pilL Extractum Nucis Vomicce Fluidum, .. . " 0.06—0.3 c. c. Tinctura Nucis Vomicce, " 6.3 — 1.5 c. c. Strychnina, . . " 0.001—0.003 G. Strychnince Sulphas, . " 0.001—0.003 G. Syrupus Ferri Quinince et . . . Strychnince Phosphatum, " 4 — 8 c. c. Brucina (Brucine), . " 0.001—0.002 G. VI. Curare (Curara). Source. Composition and physical properties. Action : 1) On the peripheral termination of motor nerves in striped muscle. 2) On the peripheral vagus ganglia. 3) How excreted. 4) Cause of death. 44 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. VII. Coniine and Lobeline Group. Source, chemistry and physical properties of the alkaloids belonging to the group, viz., coniine, gelseminine, sparteine, and lobeline. General action. Special action. 1) On the motor nerve endings. 2) On the peripheral vagus ganglia. 3) Action on the heart. 4) Action on the resperation. 5) Action on the secretory glands. 6) Action on the pupil. 7) Action on the central nervous system. 8) Action on the stomach. How excreted. Cause of death. Difference in action between the members of the group. Tnerapeutic uses. Conium (Hemlock). Preparations : — Coniiuffi Hydrobromas, Dose, 0.0006—0.003 G. Extractum Conii, . " 0.032—0.65 G. Extractum Conii Fluidum, " 0.12—0.36 c. c. Succus Conii, . . " 1 — 3 c. c. Lobelia (India Tobacco). Preparations : — Extractum Lobelise Fluidum, p. f 0.06 — 0.3 c. c, expectorant. L»ose, j 0.6—1.5 c. c, emetic. Tinctura Lobelise, . . Dose, 0.3 — 2 c. c. MORPHINE GROUP. 45 Gelsemium (Yellow Jasmine). Preparations : — Gelsemiua (Gelsemine), Dose, 0.001—0.002 G. Extractum Gelseraii Fluidum, " 0.12 — 0.6 c. c. Tinctura Gelsemii, . " 0.6 — 1.0 c. c. Scoparius (Broom). Contains Spartein. Preparations : — Extractum Scoparii Fluidum, Dose, 0.3 — 1,5 c. c. SparteinjB Sulphas, . " 0.003—0.03 G. VIII. Morphine Group: Source and chemical composition of the alkaloids belonging to the group. Physical properties of the alkaloids and their salts • General action. 1) Strychnine-like — Strychnine. 1) Stimulating. Thebaine. Narcotine. ^ Codeine. J ^ Morphine, g Papaverine. 2) Alcohol-like — Alcohol. 2) Depressant. Special action: 1) On the Central nerv- j 1) Stimulant. ous system. ( 2) Depressant. 2) On the sensory nerve termination. 3) On the mouth and throat. 4) On the stomach and intestines. 5) On the secretion. 6) On the heart. 7) On the vaso- motor centre. ' 8) On the peripheral vessels. 9) On the respiration. 10) On the pupil. 11) On the urine. 46 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. How excreted. Cause of death. Diagnosis of morphine poisoning. Treatment of morphine poisoning. Tolerance and habit. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — N Opium — contains 10 per cent. , morphine — Opii Pulvis — contains 13 to 15 per cent, morphine — Opium Deodoratum, Extractum Opii, Tinctura Opii (Laudanum), Tinctura Opii et Camphorata ( Paregoric ) Tinctura Opii et Ipecacuanhce, Tinctura Opii Deodorati, Pelvis Ipecacuanhce et Opii, Pulvis Morphinse Campositus (Tally's Powder), . Pilulce Opii, Acetum Opii (Black-Drops), Trochisci Glycyrrhizce et Opii, 5 mg. opium in each, Morphinse Acetas, Morphinse Hydrochloras, Morphince Sulphas, Trochisci Morphince, et Ipecac- uanhce, 5 mg. in each, Vinum Opii, Codein, Dose, 0.03—0.1 G. « 0.03—0.1 G. " 0.03—0.1 G. » 0.016—0.06. " 0.3—1 c. c. '' 4—16 c. c. " 0.3—1.0 c. c. " 0.3—1.5 c. c. " 0.3—1.5 G. " 0.3—0.6 G. " 1—2 pills. " 0.3—1.5 c. c. " 1 Troche. " 0.008—0.03 G. " 0.008—0.03 G. " 0.008—0.03 G. " 1 Troche. " 0.3—1.5 c. c. " 0.03—0.1 G. HYDRASTINE AND SANQUINARINE GROUP. 47 IX. Hydrastine and Sanguinarine Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the alkaloids belonging to the group, viz., hydras- tine, chelidonine, chelerythrine, protopine, i^-bomochelidonine, ^-homochelidonine, san- guinarine, and an artificial alkaloid — hydras- tinine. General action of the group. i^ Action compared with the action of strychnine and opium. Special actions: 1) On the central nervous system. 2) On the peripheral nerves. 3) On muscle. 4) On the heart. 5) On the vaso-motor centre. 6) On the peripheral vessels. 7) On the digestive organs. Action of hydrastine compared with the action of hydrastinine, especially on the heart and per- ipheral vessels. Therapeutic uses. Sanguinaria (Blood-root). From Sanguinaia Cana- densis. Preparations : — Extractum Sanguinarise Fluidum, Dose, 0.06 — 0.3 c. c. Tinctura Sanguinarise, . " 0.5 — 1.5 c. c. Chelidonium (Celandine). — The entire plant. Preparation : — Chelidonium 3fajus, . . Dose, 1 — 2 G. 48 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Hydrastis (Golden Seal). From Hydrastis Canadensis^ Preparations : — Hydrastiuinse Hydrochloras, Dose, 0.006—0.06 G. Extraction Hydrastis Fluidum, " 1.0-^.0 c. c. Tinctura Hydrastis, . " 1.0 — 8.0 c. c. Glyeeritum Hydrastis, . " 3.0 — 7.0 c. c. Glyceritum Hydrastis is used as a local^ application to mucous membranes. X. Solanine and Solanidine Group. Source, chemistry and physical properties of the alkaloids. General action. Special actions: 1) On the central nervous system. 2) On the vasomotor centre. 3) On the vagus. 4) On the heart. 5) On the respiration. Cause of death. Therapeutic use. Dulcamara (Bittersweet). Preparation : — Extractum Dulcamarse Fluidum, Dose, 1.0 — 4 c. c. COCAINE. 4» XI. Cocaine. — (From Coca). Source, chemistry and physical properties. General action. Special actions: 1) On the peripheral terminations of the sensory nerves. 2) On the eye. ] ^^^^'^ °^ ^"^^^^ ^^ ' -' I the eye. (a) On nerve termination. (6) On intraocular-pressure. 3) On the central nervous system. 4) On respiration. 5) On the vagus. 6) On the heart and circulation. 7) On the secretions. 8) On the intestines. 9) On tissue change. 10) On the urine. How excreted. Cause of death. Therapeutic use. Preparations : — Coca Leaves, . . Dose, 2.0 — 6.0 G. Cocaince Hydrochloras, . " 0.016— 0.13 G. Extractum Cocse Fluidum, " 2.0—6.0 c. c. Cocaine hydrochloride is used as a local anaesthetic in the eye, nose, pharynx and larynx in strength from 1 to- 4 per ceut. 50 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. XII. Atropine or Tropeine Group. Source, chemistry and physical properties of the alkaloids belonging to the group, viz., atro- pine, hyoscyamine, hyoscine and the artificial tropeins. General action of the group. Special action: 1) On the central nervous system. 2) On the sensory and motor nerve terminations. 3) On the eye. 4) On the heart and circulation. 5) On the vagus terminations in the the heart. 6) On respiration. 7) On the secretions. 8) On the intestines. 9) On the body temperature. 10) On tissue change. 11) On the skin. Difference between tropine and pseudotropine. Atropine poisoning and treatment. Therapeutic uses. Belladonna (Deadly Nightshade). Preparations : — Belladonnse Folia (Belladonna- leaves), . . . Dose, 0.03—0.2 G. Belladonnse Radix (Belladonna- root), ... ," 0.06— 0.15 G. Emplastrum Belladonnoe (Bella- donna-plaster), . Externally, ATROPINE OR TROPEINE GROUP. 51 Extractum Belladonnm Folio- rum Alcoholicum . " 0.01 — 0.015 G. Extractum Belladonnse Radicis Fluidum, . . " 0.06— 0.15 c. c. Linimentum Belladonnse, Used externally. Tinctura Belladonna Foliorum, " 0.3 — 1.0 c. c. Unguentura Belladonnse, Used externally. Atropina (Atropine), . Dose, 0.0003—0.0008 G. Preparations : — AtropinoR Sulphas, . Dose, 0.0004—0.001 G. Atropines Salicylas, " 0.0004— 0.001 G. Atropince Hydrobromas, " 0.0004—0.001 G. Homatropine or Homotropine (Artificial Alkaloid). Preparation : — Homatropince Hydrobromas. — Used as a mydratic. One per cent, solution or about 0.1 G. in 10.0 c. c. of distilled water. Stramonium. Preparations : — Stramonii Folia (Stramonium- leaves), . . Dose, 0.06—0.3 G. Stramonii Semen (Stramonium- seed), . '. . «' 0.6— 2.2 G. Extractum Stramonii Seminis, " 0.06 — 0.12 G. Extractum Stramonii Seminis Fluidum, . . " 0.06—0.12 c. c. Tinctura Stramonii Seminis, " 0.6 — 1.5 c. c. Daturina (Atropine), . " 0,0004—0.001 G.. 52 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A, Hyoscyamus (Hembane). From Hyoscyamus Niger. Preparations : — Extractum Hyoscyami Al- coholicum, . Dose, 0.03—0.2 G. Extractum Hyoscyami Flu- idum, . . " 0.3—2.0 c. c. Tinctura Hyoscyami, . " 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Hyoscinffi Hydrobromas, " 0.0005—0.0008 G. Hyoscyaminse Hydrobromas, " 0.0006—0.001 G. Hyoscyaminse Sulphas, " 0.0006—0.001 G. Duboisa. Preparations : — Extractum Duboisise, . Dose, 0.01 — 0.03 G. Duboisinse Sulphas, . " 0.001— 0.002 G. Duboisinse Hydrobromas, " 0.001—0.002 G. XIII. Muscarine Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the alkaloid. General action — compared with atropine. Special action: 1) On the sensory and motor nerve terminations. 2) On the eye. 3) On the vagus terminations in heart. 4) On the heart and circulation. 5) On the secretory glands. 6) On the stomach and intestines. 7) On the bladder, spleen, and uterus. Cause of death. Action of muscarine after atropine, and the differ- ence in action between the two. Therapeutic uses. Preparation ; — Muscarinse Nitras, . Dose, 0.03 — 0.05 G. ^TeRATp or TH5 UNIVERSITY PHYSOSTIGMINE GROUP. 53 XIV. Pilorcarpine or Nicotine Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the alkaloids, viz., pilocarpine, pilocarpidine, nigelline, and nicotine. General action — compared with muscarine and atropine. Special action: 1) On the central nervous system. 2) On motor nerve endings. 3) On the vagus, and nerve ganglia. 4) On the heart and circulation. 5) On secretory glands, especially the sweat glands. 6) On muscle. 7) On the stomach and intestines. 8) On the eye. 9) On the uterus. 10) On the kidneys. Difference in action between pilocarpine and nicotine. Tobacco habit and nicotine poisoning. Therapeutic uses. Pilocarpus (Jaborandi). Preparations : — Extractum Pilocarpi Fluidum, Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Pilocarpinse Hydrochloras, " 0.008 — 0.03 G. Tabacum (Tobacco) . " 0.3—0.4 G. XV. Physostigmine Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the alkaloids belonging to the group. General action — compared with atropine, mus- carine, pilocarpine, and nicotine. 64 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Special action: 1) On the central nervous system. 2) On secretoiy glands and secretions. 3) On muscle. 4) On the peripheral and abdominal vessels. 5) On the stomach and intestines. 6) On the uterus and bladder. 7) On the eye. Cause of death. Physostigma (Physostigmine and Calabarine). Preparations : — Extractum Physostigmatis, Dose, 0.004 — 0.008 G. Tinctura Physostigmatis, " 0.3 — 1.2 c. c. Physostigmince Sulphas, " 0.0004—0.0006 G. Physostigminse Salicylas, " 0.0004—0.0006 G. The sulphate of physostigmine is used largely in the eye as a myotic, in 1 per cent, watery solution. XVI. Apomorphine Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of apomorphine and of other substances belong- ing to the group, viz., aspidosperma. General action. Special action : 1 ) On the central nervous system, es- pecially on the nedulla-oblon- gata. 2) Vomiting. 3) On the stomach. 4) On the secretions. 5 ) On the heart and circulation. 6) On the respiration. IPECAC OR E ME TIN GROUP. 55 Theapeutic uses. 1 ) Emetic. 2) Expectorant. Preparations : — Apomorphinse Hydroehloras, Dose, 0.006 — 0.012 G. Extractum Aspidospermatis Fluidura, . . " 1.0— 4.0 c. c. Apomorphine should always be given hypodermically, and the solution should be freshly prepared. XVII. Ipecac or Emetin Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of emetin. General action. Special action : 1 ) On the central nervous system. 2 ) On the alimentary canal. 3) On the respiratory passages and mucous membranes in general. 4) On the skin. 5) On the heart and circulation. 6) Vomiting. 7 ) Idiosyncrasies. Action of ipecac compared with that of apomor- phine. Therapeutic uses. Ipecacuanha (Ipecac). Preparations : — Ipecacuanha, . . . Dose, 0.03 — 2.0 G. Extractum Ipecacuanbse Fluidum, -p. j As an expectorant, 0.06 — 0.12 c. c. ^^^®' I As an emetic, 1.0—2.0 c. c. Dose, < 56 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii (Dovers' Powder), . . . Dose, 0.006—1.0 G. Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii, " 0.3 — 1.0 c. c. Syrupus Ipecacuanhae, As an expectorant, 0,3 — 2.0 c. c. As an emetic, 4.0 — 6.0 c. c. Vinum Ipecacuanhae, ps (As an expectorant, 0.1 — 0.3 c. c. ' ( To relieve vomiting, 0.003 Trochisci Morphinae et Ipecacuanhae, (Morphine, 1.6 m. g., Ipecac, 5 ra. g. ), . . . . 1, as required^ Trochisci Ipecacuanhae (20 m. g.), 1 — 4 XVIII. Aconite Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the several aconitius belonging to the group and delphinin. General action. Special action : 1) On the central nervous system. 2) On the sensory and motor nerve terminations, 3) On the heart and circulation. 4) On muscle. 5) On the stomach and intestines. 6) On the pupil. 7) On the secretion. 8) On the temperature. Cause of death. Therapeutic uses. VERA TRINE GROUP. 57 Aconitum (Monkshood), Preparations : — Aconitina (Aconitine), Dose, 0.0003—0.0006 G. Extractum Aconiti, " 0.01—0.016 G. Extractum Aconiti Fluidura, " 0.06—0.12 c. c. Tinctura Aconiti, . " 0.06 — 0.3 c. c. The tincture is the preparation most used, and is given in one drop doses — one drop every 15 minutes for two hours, and then one drop every half hour, till desired effect. Staphisagria. — (Contains delphiniu), Dose, 0.06—0.065 G. XIX. Veratrine Group. Source, Chemistry, and physical properties of the alkaloids belonging to the group. General action — compared with aconite. Special action: On muscle. On the heart and circulation. On the sensory nerve endings. On the skin and mucous membranes. On the respiration. On the temperature. On tissue change. On the secretions. On the central nervous system. 1 2] 3; 4; 5" 6; 7; 8; 9; Cause of death. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Veratrina (Veratrin), . Dose, 0.001—0.006 G Oleatum Veratrince, . Used locally. Unguentum Veratrince, . Used locally. 58 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. ^ 'Veratrum Viride (American Hellebore). Extractura Veratri Viridis Fluidum, Dose, 0.06—0.18 c. c Tinctura Veratri Viridis, " 0.06 — 0.5 c. c. XX. Colchicum Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the alkaloids belonging to the group, viz., col- chicin and colchicein. General action. Special action : 1) On the alimentary canal. 2) On muscle. 3) On the respiration. 4) On the peripheral nerve endings. 5) On the central nervous system. 6) On the heart and circulation. 7) On tissue change and secretions. How excreted. Cause of death., Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Colchici Radix (Colchicum- root), . . Dose, 0.13—0.1 G. Colchiceina (Colchiceine), " 0.0005—0.0006 G Extractum Colchici Radicis," 0.032—0.13 G. Extractum Colchici Flui- dum, . . " 0.12—0.24 c. c. Viuum Colchici, . " 0.6—0.8 c. c. Colchici Semen (Colchicum- seed, . . " 0.13—0.52 G. Extractum Colchici Sem- inis Fluidum, " 0.12— 0.3 c. c. Tinctura Colchici Seminis, " 1.8 — 4 c. c. Vinum Colchici Seminis, " 1 — 4 c. c. QUININE GROUP. XX. Quinine Group Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the alkaloids belonging to the group, viz., quin- ine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine, etc. General action. Special action. 1) On protoplasm. (a) On leucocytes. (6) On infusoria. (c) On chemical change. 2) On the mouth and salivary glands. ^) On the stomach and intestines. 4) On the blood, especially the red- blood corpuscles. 5) On the heart. 6) On the respiration. 7) On muscle. 8) On the spleen. 9) On the central nervous system. .10) On tissue change. 11) On the temperature. How excreted. Idiosyncrasies. Therapeutic uses. Cinchona (Peruvian Bark), Dose, 1 — 4 c. c, in decoction Preparations : — Cinchonidinse Sulphas, Cinchonina (Cinchonine), . Cinchoninse Sulphas, Extractum Cinchonce, Extractum Cinchonae Fluidum Infusum Cinchonae, Dose, 0.3—1.0 G. " 0.3—0.6 G. " 0.3—1.0 G. " 0.6—0.8 G. « 1.0—2.0 G. " 1.5—6.0 c. c. 60 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Ferri et Quininae Citras, . Dose, 0.8 — 0.6 G. Ferri et Quininse Citris Solubilis, " 0.3 — 0.6 G. Syrupus Ferri Quininae et Strych- ninae Phosphatuvi, Tinctura Cinchonae, . Quinidinse Sulphas, . Quinina (Quinine), Quiuinse Bisulphas, Quiniuse Hydrobromas, Quiniuse Hydrochloras, Quininae Sulphas, Quiniuse Tanuas, Quininse Valerianas, . 4 c. c. 4.0—8.0 c. c. 0.3—1.0 G. 0.2—0.5 G. 0.06—1.0 G. 0.06—1.0 G. 0.06—1.0 G. 0.06—0.8 G. 0.06—1 G. 0.06—0.8 G. Quinine ought never to be given in solution if it can be avoided. It should be administered preferable in capsules or better in sugar-coated pills. Cinchona Rubra (Red Cinchona). Preparations : — Cinchona Rubra, . . Dose, 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Tinctura Cinchonae Composita, " 4.0 — 16.0 c. c. (Contains Red Cinchona, Bitter Orange Peel, and Ser- pentaria). ANTISEPTIC OR CARBOLIC ACID GROUP. 61 XXI. The Antipyretic Group, Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the members of the group. General action. Special actions: 1) On the central nervous system. 2) On the heart and circulation. 3) On abnormal body temperature. 4) On the perspiration. 5) On the skin. 6) On tissue change. 7) On the stomach and intestines. 8) Analgesic action. 9) Antiseptic action. 10) On the urine. Explanation of the action of antipyretics in re- ducing temperature. The different members of the group compared. Therapeutic uses and dangers to be considered. Principal antipyretics used in medicine: Antipyrine, . Dose, 0.5 — 1.0 G. Acetanilide, . " 0.2—0.5 G. Exalgine, . . " 0.2—0.5 G. Phenacetine, . " 0.5—1.0 G. The, antipyretics are generally given in powder, may be given in pill form, and antipyrine may be given in solution. XXII. Antiseptic or Carbolic Acid Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties. Comparison of the action of the compounds of the benzol series with the action of the com- pounds of the fatty series. General action. 62 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Special action: 1) Ou protoplasm. 2 ) On bacteria and low forms of life. 3) On the alimentary canal. 4) Ou the central nervous system. 5) On the sensory nerves. 6) On the skin and mucous surfaces. 7) On the temperature, 8) On the kidneys and urine. 9) Ou the red-blood corpuscles. 10) On the respiratory tract. In what combination excreted. Comparison of the actions of the different mem- bers of the group. Treatment of carbolic acid poisoning. Therapeutic uses and limitations. Acidum Carbolicum (Carbolic Acid). Preparations : — Acidum Carbolicum, {Carbolic Acid), . . . Dose, 0.93—0.06 c. c. Acidum Carbolicum Crudum (Crude Carbolic Acid) — Used as a disinfectant in from 3 to 5 per cent. solution. Glyceritum Acidi Carbolici, Dose, 0.13—^0.6 c. c, XJnguenUim Acidi Carbolici, Used externally. Resorcinum (Resorcin), . . Dose, 0.06 — 0.6 Also used locally in solution or ointment of from 2 to 5 per cent. Pyrogallol (Pyrogallic Acid), Used externally in oint- ments of from 3 to 5 per cent. Thymol (Thymol), . . Dose, 0.03—0.2 G. ANTISEPTIC OR CARBOLIC ACID GROUP. Acidum Salicylicum (Salicylic Acid), . . Dose, 0.3—1 G. Preparations : — Sodii Salicylas, Lithii Salicylas, Autipyrini Salicylas, Bismuthi Salicylas, Guaiacoli Salicylas, Hydrargyri Salicylas, Salol, ..... Salicinum (Salicin), Methyl Salicylas (Artificial Oil of Wintergreen), Oleum Gaultheriae (Oil of Win- tergreen), . Spiritus Gaultheriae (Spirits of Gaultheria), Oleum Betulse Volatile (Oil of Sweet Birch), Sodii Sulphocarbolas, Naphtalinum (Naphtalin), Naphtol (B-Naphtol), Creosotum (CreosxJte), Aqua Creosoti,. Acidum Benzoicum (Benzoic Acid). Preparations : — 63 ' 0.3—2 G. ' 0.3— 2 G. ' 0.3—2.0 G. ' 0.3—2 G. ' 0.3—0.6 G. ' 0.001—0.008 G. " 0.3--2 G. " 0.6—6 G. ■■' 0.6—2 G. '< 0.6—2 G. " 0.6—4 c. c. " 0.6—2 c. c. " 0.13—0.65 G. <« 0.01—0.06 G. '< 0.06—0.3 G. Dose, 0.06—0.6 c. c. " 5—30. c. c. Sodii Benzoas, Ammonii Beuzjas, Lithii Benzoas, Autipyrini Benzoas, Guaiacoli Benzoas, Dose, 0.6—2 G. " 0.6—2 G. " 0.6—2 G. " 6.3—2 G. " 0.3—0.6 G. 64 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Styrax (Storax), . . . Dose, 0.6—1.5 G. Benzoinum (Benzoin). Preparations : — Acidum Benzoinatum, . Dose, 0.6 — 2.5 G. Adeps Benzoinatus, . Ointment vase. Tinctura Benzoiui, . " 0.6 — 1.8 c. c. Tinctura Benzoini Composita, " 1 — 4 c. c lodoformum (Iodoform), . " 0.06—0.3 G. Uuguentum lodoforrai, . Used externally, lodol — Used generally as an antiseptic dusting-powder. ^ Sozoiodol — Used locally as an antiseptic in form of powder or ointment. Sodii Sozoidolas — Used locally as an antiseptic in aqueous solution. «- Bal<6ains. — Consist largely of resins, volatile oils consist- ing of benzyl cinnamic ester, and some free cinnamic and benzoic acid. Balsamum Peruvianum (Balsam of Peru), . . . Dose, 0.6—2.0 G., Also used externally. Balsamum Tolutanum (Balsam of Tolu), . . . Dose, 0.6—2.0 G. Syrupiis Tolutanus, . . " 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Tinctura Tolutana, . . " 4.0—8.0 c. c. Syrup of tolu is used largely as a vehicle in cough mix- tures. TURPENTINE GROUP. XXIII. Turpentine Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties. General action. Special action: 1) On the skin and mucous surface. On the stomach and intestines. On the central nervous system. On the heart and circulation. On the respiration. On tho respiratory tract. On the kidneys. 65 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) How excreted. Therapeutic uses. Terebinthina (Turpentine). Preparations : — Linimentum Terebinthinse, Oleum Terebinthinse, Oleum TerebinthiuDS Rectifica turn, Used locally. Used locally. Dose, 0.3—1.2 c. c. " 0.065—0.3 G. Resina Terebinthinse, Terebinthina Canadensis (Canada Turpentine — Can- ada Balsam, Balsam of Fir), Used locally. Terpini Hydras (Terpin Hydrate), Dose, 0.12—1.3 G. Terebenum (Terebene), Juniperus (Juniper-berries). Preparations : — Oleum Juniperi, Spiritus Juniperi, Spiritus Juniperi Compositus, Sabina (Savine), Oleum. Sabinte, . . .. , Extractum. Sabinse Fluidum., Oleum Cadinum (Oil of Cade), Dose, 0.3—0.6 c. c. Dose, 0.06—0.3 c. c. " 0.6—4 c. c. " 4 — 16 c. c. Dose, 0.06—0.3 c. c. " 0.3—0.6 c. c. Dose, 0.3—0.6 c. c, '< 0.18—0.3 c. c. 66 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Pix Burgundica (Burgundy Pitch) — Used in the prepara- tion of plasters. Emplastrum Picis BurgundicBe, Emplastrum. Picis Cantharidatum, Pix Liquida (Tar), Oleum Picis Liquidee, Syrupus Picis Liquidae, Unguentum. Picis Liquidae, XXIV. Camphor Group. Used externally. Used externally. Dose, 0.3—0.6 G. " 0.06—0.3 c. c. Also used externally. Dose, 4r— 8 c. c. Used externally. Source chemistry and physical properties of the group. General action. Special action: 1) On the skin and raucous surfaces. On the alimentary canal. On the central nervous system. On the heart and circulation. On the respiration. On the kidneys. On the urine. 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) How excreted. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Camphora (Camphor), Aqua Caraphorse, Ceratum Camphorse, . Linimentum Camphorae, Spiritus Camphorae, Tinctura Opii Camphorata, Camphora Monobrom.ata, . Menthol, Dose, 0.03 — 0.06 G. , Generally used externally Castoreum. Moschus (Musk), .... Dose, 0.3—0.6 G. Tinctura Moschi, . . . " 6 — 15 c. c. Dose, 0.05—0.5 G, 4 — 15 c. c. Used locally Used locally Dose, 0.3—3 c. c. " 2—15 c. c. Dose, 0.06—0.4 G. ^ DIQIIALIS GROUP. 67 XXV. Toxine Series: Source, chemistry and physical properties of the principal substances included in the series, viz., picrotoxine, digitaline, sapotoxine, sphacelotoxine and cannabinon. Picrotoxine. Source, chemistry and physical properties of the substances included in the group, viz., picro- toxine, cicutoxine, coriamyrtine, digitali- resin, toxiresin, oleoandresin, etc. General action. Special action: 1 ) On the central nervous system. 2) On the heart and circulation. 3) On the respiration. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Picrotoxinum, . . Dose, 0.0005—0.001 G. XXVI. Digitalis Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the substances included in the group, viz., digi- taline, digitoxine, scillaine, helleboreine, stro- phantine, convallamarine, apoeynine, apocy- neine, adonidine, antiarine, oleandrine, theve- tine, and euonymine. General action. Special action: 1) On the heart (frog's). 2) On the heart (mammalian). 3) On the peripheral vessels. ORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA, 4) On the vagus and the vaso-motor centres. 5) On the kidneys and urine. 6) On the central nervous system. 7) On the stomach and intestines. Action of the different substances included in the group compared. Therapeutic uses. Digitalis. Preparations : — Pulvis Digitalis Foliorum, . Dose, 0.09 — 0.2, Generally given in pill. Extractum Digitalis, , Dose, 0.01 — 0.02 G. Extractum Digitalis Fluidum, " 0.06 — 0.10 c. c. Tinctura Digitalis, . " 0.6 — 0.5 c. c. Infusum Digitalis, . *' 4 — 16 c. c. Digitalinum (Digitalin), " 0.001— 0.002 G. Scilla (Squill). Preparations : — Pulvis Scillae, Acetum Scillse, Extractum Scillse Fluidum Syrupus Scillae, Syrupus Scillae Compositus Tinctura Scillae, Strophanthus. Preparations : — Strophanthinum (Strophanthin), Dose, 0.06—0.3 G. " 0.6—0.8 c. c. " 0.06—0.8 c. c. " 1.8—4 c. c. " 0.6—3 c. c. " 0.6—1.5 c. c. Tinctura Strophanthi, Dose, 0.0006—0.001 G " 0,18—0.5 c. c. ERGOT GROUP. 69 Convallaria. Preparations : — Convallamarinum (Convallamarin), Dose, 0.06—0.12 G. Convallarinura (Convallarin), " 0.03 — 0.06 G. Glucosides derived from Convallaria. Extractum Convallarise Fluidum, " 0.24 — 0.6 c. c. Apocynum (Canadian Hemp). Preparation : — Extractum Apocyni Fluidum, Dose, 0.3 — 2 c. c. Cimicifuga (Black Snake-root). Preparations : Extractum Ciraicifugse, . Dose, 0.06—0.3 G. Extractum Ciraicifugse Fluidum, " 0.6 1.8 c. c. Tinctura Cimicifugge, . " 4.0 8.0 c. c. XXVII. Ergot Group. Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the substances included in the group, viz. ergotin, cornutin, and spacelotoxin. General action. Special action : 1) On the central nervous system (frog's). 2 ) On the stomach and intestine. 3) On the heart and circulation. 4) On the arteries, especially on the arterioles. 5) Action on the uterus. Difference in action between cornutine and space- linic acid. Therapeutic uses. 70 ORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Ergot. Preparations : — Extractura Ergotae, . . Dose, 0.06 — 1.2 G. Extractum Ergotae Fluidum, " 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Vinum Ergotae, . . " 4.0 — 16.0 c.c. Gossypii Radius Cortex (Cotton-Root Bark). Preparations : — Extractum Gossypii RaJicis Fluidura, Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 c. c. Discussion of other ecbolics, but little used. XXVIII. Saponine Group, Source, chemistry, and physical properties of the substances included in the group, viz, sapo- nine, sapotoxine , quillaiac acid, senegine, and digitonine. General action. Special action. 1) On the skin. 2) On the mouth, throat, nose, bronchi, eye, etc. 3) On the stomach and intestine. 4 ) On the central nervous system. 5) On the red-blood corpuscles. 6) On muscle. 7) On the heart and circulation. How excreted. Cause of death. Therapeutic uses. Quillaja (Quillaia — soap-bark): Preparations : — Tiuctura Quillajae, . . Used externally CANNABIS INDICA. 71 Sarsaparilla. (The root of smilax). Preparations : — Decoctum Sarsaparillre Compositum, Dose, 100—200 c. c. Extractum Sarsaparillae Fluidum, " 1 4 c. c. Extractum Sarsaparillae Fluidum Compositum, • . . . Dose, 1 — 4 c. c. Syrupus Sarsaparilla3 Compositus. Used as a vehicle. Senega (Senega). Preparations : — Extractum Senegae Fluidum, Dose, 0.6 1.2 c. c. Syriipus Senegae, . . " 1 g q q^ Sijrupus Senegae Compositus, " 0.6 4 c. c. Caulophyllum (Blue Cohosh), Dose, 0.1—0.3, in in- fusion. XXIX. Cannabis Indica (Indian Hemp). Source, chemistry, and physical properties. General action. Special action: 1 ) On the central nervous system. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : Extractum Cannabis ludicse. Dose, 0.01 0.4 G. Extractum Cannabis Indicae Flu- idum, ... « 0.12—1.2 c. c. Tinctura Cannabis Indicae, •' 1.0 4.0 c. c. PART III.— INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Principle of osmosis and the role osmosis plays in the ani- mal economy. The connection between the life of the cell and the salt solutions which form its environments. I. Water. The general action of water and its fate in the stomach and after absorption. Special action : 1) On protoplasm. 2) On epithelium and denuded surfaces. 3) On the stomach. 4 ) On the blood, and fluids of the tissues. 5) On the excretion of nitrogen. 6) On the kidneys. 7) On the urine. 8) On the perspiration. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Aqua (Natural Water). Aqua Destillata (distilled water), Used as a solvent. II. The Chloride of Sodium Group. — Including the easily absorbable salts of the alkalies. How do the salts of the alkaloids and other or- ganic salts differ in action from the inorganic salts ? The role played by sodium chloride in the animal economy. — '* Salt action." ^ 74 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. The known forces at work in the absorption of the salts of the alkalies. 1) Osmatic force. 2) Imhibition. 3) Filtration. Are those forces sufficient to explain the phenom- ena? The fate of the salts after absorption. What is the difference in action between isotonic or physiological salt solutions (0.6 of one per cent.) and hypertonic and hypotonic solutions? How is the apparent iuci'ease in nitrogen elimin- ated accounted for? Elimination of the salts and effect upon the quantity of urine. Special action of the salts: 1) On the skin. 2) In mouth and stomach. 3) On the intestines. 4) On the blood. 5) On the urine. The effect of the administration of sodium salts on the elimination of the potassium salts of the body and vice verse. Explanation of the desire for salt exhibited by herbivora. Why do potassium salts cause greater diuresis than sodum salts ? Therapeutic uses of sodum chloride. In what respects do potassium salts differ in action from sodum salts ? Special action of potassium salts: 1) On protoplasm. 2) On muscle. 3) On the heart. THE CHLORIDE OF SODIUM GROUP. 75 The r61e played by ammonia (NH3) in the action of ammonium salts. Special action: 1 ) On the central nervous system, 2) On the respiratory passage. 3) On the stomach. 4) On the urine. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Ammonii Chloridi, Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi, . Iodides (Sodium, potassium, and ammonium iodide). Theories explanatory of the action of the iodides. Fate of the iodides after absorption. General action. — lodism. Special action. Dose, 0.3—0.8 G. 1 as required. 1) On the skin and mucous membranes* 2) On the stomach. 3) On the blood. 4) On the tissue change. 5) On mucus secreting glands. 6) On the heart. 7) On the respiration and respiratory passages. 8) On the perspiration. 9) On the liver and bile. 10) On the kidneys and urine. 11) On the secretion of the mammary glands. By what organs are the iodides excreted ? In what combinations is iodine retained in the body? 76 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Potassii lodidum, . . Dose, 0,5 — 1.5 G. Sodii lodidum, ... " 0.5—1.5 G. Ammonii lodidum, . . " 0.1 — 0.3 G. Potassium iodide is the preparation generally used and should be given in solution. Some pre- fer prescribing a saturated solution of potassium iodide, which equals about 64 m.g. to the drop and direct the patient to take 15 to 20 drops well diluted with water or milk. Bromides (Sodium, potassium, ammonium, lithium, and calcium bromide, and hydrobromic acid). Theories explanatory of the action of the bro- mides. Fate of the bromides after absorption. General action — bromism. Comparison with the iodides. Special action: 1 ) On the mouth and salivary glands. 2) On the stomach and intestines. 3) On the skin and skin glands. 4) On the tissue and tiissue change. 5) On the blood. 6) On the kidneys and urine. 7 ) On the central nervous system. By what organs are the bromide excreted ? In what combination is bromine retained in the body ? Therapeutic uses and comparison with other brain depressants. THE CHLORIDE OF SODIUM GROUP. 77 Preparations : — Potassii Bromidum, . . Dose, 1.0 — 4.0 G. Sodii Bromidum, . . " 1.0—4.0 G. Ammonii Bromidum, . " 0.5 — 0.1 G. Lithii Bromidum, . . " 1.0—2.0 G. Calcii Bromidum, . . " 1.0— 2 G. Acidum Hydrobromicum Dilutum, 10 per cent., . . " 3.0— 15.0 G. Potassium bromide is the salt generally prescribed and it should be given in dilute solution. Nitrates (Potassium, Sodium and Ammonium Nitrate). Fate of the nitrates after absorption. General action. Special action : 1) On the stomach and intestines. 2) On the blood. 3) On the kidneys. 4) On the urine. 5) rOn the heart and circulation. 6) I On the respiration. 7) (On the general nutrition?) Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Ammonii Nitras, . . . . Not used. [Charta Patassii Nitratis], Potassii Nitras, . . . Dose, 0.5 — 2.0 G. Sodii Nitras, . . . . " 0.5—2.0 G. Nitrate-of-potassium papers {Charta Potassii Nitratis) are made by dipping unsized paper into a solution con- taining 20 parts of the salt to 80 parts of distilled water. The papers are made into cigarettes and smoked, or burned in a pan and the fumes inhaled. 78 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Chlorates (Potassium and Sodium Chlorates). Fate of the chlorates after absorption. General action. Special action : 1) Antiseptics in the mouth. 2 ) On the stomach. 3) On the blood. 4) On. the kidneys. 5) On the urine. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Potassii Chloras, . . Dose, 0.2 — 0.6 G. Sodii Chloras, ... " 0.2—0.6 G. Trochisci Potassii Chloratis, . 1 as required. Potassum chlorate is generally used for a mouth and throat disinfectant, and is used in a 10 per cent, solution, as a gargle. Hypophosphites. — Hypophosphites of Potassium, So- dium, Calcium, and Iron, and Hypophosphorous Acid. Theories explanatory of the action of the hypo- phosphites. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Sodii Hypophosphis, . Dose, 0.8 — 1.5 G. Potassii Hypophosphis, . " 0.5 — 2 G. Calcii Hypophosphis, . " 0.5 — 2 G. Ferri Hypophosphis, . " 0.3—0.6 G. Syrupus Hypophosphitum, . " 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Syrupws Hypophosphitum Cum Perro, ... " 3.0—6.0 c. c. SALINE CATHARTICS. 79 III. Saline Cathartics. The principle of osmosis applied to the absorption of salines. How the salines cause purgation and what limits their action. Fate of the salines after absorption. General action. Special action: 1) On the intestines. 2) On the concentration of the blood. 3) On the kidneys. 4) On the urine. Therapeutic uses and comparison of the salines with other purgatives. Special indications for each member. Preparations : — Potassii Bitartras (Cream of Tartar), . . . Dose, 1.0—4.0 G. Potassii et Sodii Tartras (Rochelle Salt), ... " 4.0—16.0 G. Potassii Sulphas, . . " 1.0—4.0 G. Sodii Phosphas, . . " 2.0—8.0 G. Sodii Pyrophosphas, . . *' 1.0—6.0 G. Sodii Sulphas {Glauber's Salt), " 5.0— 30.0 G. Magnesium. Magnesia {Light Magnesia), " 2.0 — 4.0 G.. Magnesia Ponderosa (Heavy Magnesia), . . " 2.0—4.0 G. Magnesia Carbonas, . . " 0.6 — 1.0 G.. Magnesia Citras Effervescent, " 2.0—6.0 G.. Magnesia Sidphas {Epsom Salts), " 5.0 — 3.0 G.. 80 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Epsom salts should be given as concentrated as possible on an empty stomach. Liquor Magnesii Citratis, . . Any quantity. Pulvis Effervesceus Compositus (Seidlitz Powder). Blue papers contains — Potassium and sodium tartrate, 7.75 G., and sodium bicarbonate 2.58 G. White paper contains — Tartaric acid 2.25 G. Dose, one set of powders, each being dis- solved seperately in one- third tumbler of water and then added together. Drink while effer- vescing. IV. Alkalies. — Potassium and sodium hydroxide, and cal- cium oxide. Physical properties. Action of the alkalies on protoplasm. Nature of the alkali albuminate formed. The power of the alkalies to penetrate, and com- parison with other corrosives. Action on mucous and mocoid substances. Fate after absorption. Special action : 1) On the epithelium. 2) On the blood. 3) On the tissue after absorption. 4) On the kidneys and urine. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Soda (Caustic Soda). — Translucent pencils or fused masses. Used as a powerful caustic. Liquor Sodse, Dose, 0.3 — 1.8 G., used also as a caustic. Soda cum Calce (London Paste). A powerful caustic. AMMONIA AND AMMONIUM CARBONATE. 81 Potassa (Caustic Potash). Dry translucent pencils, very deliquescent. Used as a powerful caustic. Liquor Potassse, Dose, 0.3 — 1.0 c. c. also used as a caustic. Potassa cum Calce (Vienna Paste). Used as a caustic. Ammonia and Ammonium Carbonate. Physical properties. Difference in action between ammonia and am- monium carbonate, and the fixed alkalies. Fate after absorbed. General action. Special action: 1) On mucous membranes. 2) On the stomach. 3) On the blood. 4) On the central nervous system. 5) On the kidneys and urine. 6) On the respiratory passages. In what form excreted ? Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Aqua Aramonise. . Used locally as a rubefacient. [Aqua Ammoniae Fortior. . Used externally.] Linimentum Ammonise. . Used externally. Spiritus Ainmonise. Dose, 0.6 — 4.0 c. c, diluted. Spiritus Ammonise Aromaticus, Dose, 0.6 — 4.0 c. c. Ammonii Carbonas, . Dose, 0.06 — 0.6, diluted. 82 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. VI. Carbonates. — Carbonates, bicarbonates, acetates, citrates, and other organic salts of potassium, sodium, and lithium. Physical properties. Action compared with that of the hydrates. Fate after absorption. General action. Special action: 1) On the skin and mucous membranes. 2) On the stomach and intestines. 3) On the blood. 4) On tissue change. 5) On the kidneys, bladder and urine. Therapeutic uses. Special indication for each member of the group. Preparations : — Sodii Carbonas, Sodii Bicarbonas, Sodii Carbonas Exsiccatus, Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonas, Potassii Carbonas, Potassii Bicarbonas, Potassii Citras, Potassii Cttras Effervescens, Liquor Potassii Citratis, Lithii Citras, Lithii Citras Effervescens, Lithii Carbonas, Lithii Benzoas, Lithii Bromidum, Lithii Salicylas, Dose, 0.3—0.6 G. « 0.6—2.0 G. " 5.2—0.3 G. " 1 Troche. " 0.3—0.6 G. '> 0.6—4.0 G. « 0.6—2.0 G. " 1.0—6.0 G. " 5.0— 3.0 c. c. " 0.3— 1.5 G. " 4.0—15 G. '^ 0.3—0.6 G. " 0.6—2 G. " 1.0—3.0 G. " 1.0—2.0 G. THE ALKALINE EARTHS. 83 VII. The Alkaline Earths.— Calcium, Barium, and Strontium Salts. Physical properties. Action of the alkaline earths on protoplasm (tis- sue) compared with that of the fixed alkalies Fate after absorption. General action. Special action: 1) On the skin and mucous membranes. 2) On the stomach and intestines. 3) On muscle. 4) On the heart and blood-vessels. 5) On the blood. 6) On the kidneys and urine. How excreted and in what chemical form? Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Calcii Carbonas Prsecipitatus, Dose, 0.6 — 2.5 G. 0.3—1 G. 0.6—2 G. 4.0—16.0 c. c. 0.6—2 G. 4.0—16.0 c. c. Calcii Chloridum, Calcii Sypophosphis, Syrup us Calcii Lactophosphates , Calcii Phosphas Prsecipitatus, Syrupus Hypophosphitum, Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus, Used for fixed dressings. Syrtipus Hypophosphitis CumFerro, Dose, 4 — 16 G. Creta (Chalk). Creta Prseparata (Prepared Chalk), Dose, 0.6 — 2 G. Pulvis Cretae Compositus, . " 0.3 — 2.0 G. Mistura Cretse, ... " 4— 16 c. c. Trochisci Cretse, ... 1 as required. 84 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Calx (Lime). Linimentum Calcis, . . Used externally Liquor Calcis, . . . Dose, 6 — 30 c. c Syrupus Calcis, . . . " 6 — 30 c. c Barium. General action. Special action: 1) On muscle. 2) On the heart and blood-vessels. 3) On the blood pressure. 4) On central nervous system. 5) On the stomach and intestines. 6) On the kidneys and urine. How and in what form excreted. Therapeutic uses. Prepartions : — Barii Chloridum, . Dose, 0.006—0.06 G. ^ Barii Dioxidum — Used only for making solutions ^ of hydrogen dioxide. Strontium. General action. Special action : 1) On muscle. 2) On the heart and blood-vessels. Prepartions : — Strontii Bromidum, . . Dose, 0.3 — 2 G. Strontii lodidum, . . " 0.3—2 G. Strontii Lactas, . . " 0.3— 2 G. J CARBON. 85 VIII. Sulphur. Chemical aud physical properties. Consideration of hydrogen-sulphide. General action of sulphur. Fate after absorption. Special action : 1) On the skin. 2) On the stomach and intestines. 3) On the blood. 4) On the central nervous system. 5) On the kidneys and urine. How absorbed aud in what chemical form ez- creted. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Sulphur Sublimatum, . Dose, 4.0 — 8.0 G. Sulphur Lotum(washed sulphur), " 4.0 — 8.0 G. Sulphur Prsecipitatum, . " 4.0 — 8.0 G. Unguentum Sulphuris, . Used externally. Sulphuris lodidum, . " 0.015—0.06 G. Calx Sulphurata, . . " 0.006— 0.5 G. Pilulse Calcis Sulphurate, " 1 — 6 daily. Potassa Sulphurata, . " 0.15— 0.2 G. Sulphur is best administered interally intimately mixed in thick syrup or in honey. IX. Carbon. Physical properties. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Carbo (Charcoal). Carbo Animalis (Charcoal prepared from bone). Carbo Animalis Purificatus. Carbo Ligni. 86 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. X. Acid Group. Cliemistiy and physical properties. Local action of acids on the tissues: 1) Caustic or carbonizing action. Produced by concentrated min- eral acids, especially sulphuric acid. 2) Action on protoplasm and albumin- ous tissues transforming them into modified forms — acid albu- min. Produced by dilute min- eral acid, especially nitric acid. * 3) Action on connective tissue, epithel- ium, etc. Produced by dilute acids, especially acetic acid. 4) Action as antiseptics. Local action: 1 ) On the skin and mucous membranes. 2) In the mouth and stomach. 3) In the intestines. General action: 1) On the blood. 2) On the alkaliuity of the tissues. In what form are acids absorbed and their fate after absorption — inorganic — organic. Difference between the action of acids on the alkalinity of the blood in carniverous and herbivorous animals. Til ories explanatory of the cause of death when acids are injected directly into the blood. How excreted and in what chemical forms. The different acids compared as to action and therapeutic value. Therapeutic uses. ACID GROUP. 87 Preparations : — Acidum Sulphuricurn (Sulphuric Acid— Oil of Vitriol)— A liquid containing not less than 92.5 per cent, of abso- lute sulphuric acid, . Dose, 0,006 — 0,1 c. c. Acidum Sulphuricurn Dilutum — A liquid containing 10 per cent, by weight of absolute sulphuric acid, . " 0.6 — 1,2 c. c, well diluted. Acidum Sulphuricurn Aromati- cum — An aromatic alcoholic liquid containing 20 per cent, by weight of official sulphuric acid, , " 0.3 — 1,2 c. c, well diluted. Acidum Sulphurosum — (Sul- phurous Acid) — A liquid containing not less than 6.4 per cent, of sulphurous acid gas, ... " 0.6 — 4 c. c. Acidum Hydrochloricum (Hy- drochloric. Acid), contains 31.9 per cent, by weight of absolute hydrochloric acid, " 0.12 — 0.6 c, c. Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilu- tuin, contains 10 per cent, by weight of absolute hy- drochloric acid, . " 0.3 — 1,8 c, c, well diluted. Acidum Nitricum (Nitric Acid), contains 68 per cent, by weight of absolute nitric acid, ... " 0.12—0.3 c. c. Used locally as a caustic. 88 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Acidum Nitrieum Dilutum, Dose, 0,6 — 2 c. c, well diluted. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum ( Nitrohydroch loric A c id — Aqua Eegia), . . " 0.06 — 0.18 c.c, well diluted. Used internally, and also as a caustic. Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum, . . " 0.6— 1.2 c. c, well diluted. Acidum Phospboricum (Phos- phoric Acid), contains not less than 85 per cent, of absolute orthophosphoric acid, ... " 0.12—0.5 c. c. Acidum Phosphoricimi Dilutum, contains 10 per cent, of orthophospberic acid, . " 1 — 3.5 c. c. Acidum Boricum [Boric or Bor- acic Acid), . . " 0.12—1 G. Glyceritum Boroglyceriui, Used externally. Acidum Aceticum (Acetic x\cid). Contains 36 per cent, of absolute acetic acid. Used locally as a counter-irritant^ Acidum Aceticum Dilutum — Contains 6 per cent, of absolute acetic acid. Used for making official vinegars, . . . Dose, 1.8 — 4 c. c. Acidum Aceticum Glaciale (Glacial Acetic Acid). Nearly absolute acetic acid. Used externally as a caustic. Acidum Tartaricum (Tartaric Acid), . . . Dose, 0.3—1.3 G. Acidum Citricum (Citric Acid), " 0.3 — 1 G. Syrupus Acidi Citrici, . " 4 — 14 c. c. Acidum Lacticum (Lactic Acid). Contains 75 per cent, by weight of absolute lactic acid, . " 0.6 — 4 c. c. R A /^ or TH£ { UNIVERSITY HALOGENS. 89 XI. Halogens. — Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine. Chemical and physical properties. Their behavior towards metals. Their behavior towards organic matter. Their value as deodorants, disinfectants, and bleaching agents, and their manner of action. General action. Special action: 1) On the skin and mucous membranes. 2) On the stomach and intestines. 3) On the respiratory tract. Therapeutic uses and comparison with each other. Chlorum (Chlorine). Preparations : — Aqua Chlori — Contains 0.4 per cent. Chlorine, . . Dose, 1.5 — 7.5 c. c. Calx Chlorata (Chlorinated Lime — Bleaching Pow- der). Disinfectant containing 35 per cent, of available chlorine. Liquor Sodae Chloratse, Dose, 0.6 — 1,8 c. c, diluted. Bromum (Bromine), . . Used as a caustic, lodum (Iodine). r Tiuctura lodi, . . Dose, 0.18— 0.3 c, c. Liquor lodi Corapositus, . " 0.32 — 0.0 c. c. ^ 1 I I Unguentum lodi, . ... Used externally. P^ " " XII. Oxydizing Agents. — Perchloride of Hydrogen — Chromic Acid — Potassium Bichromate — Potas- sium Permanganate — Oxygen. Chemistry and physical properties. General behavior towards other substances. O be 03 .2 ° .i. '■§ *a -5 II 90 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Their value as caustics, disinfectants and deodor- ants,. The action of each member compared with that of the other members and with other sub- stances having a similar action. Fate after absorption. General action. Special action : 1) On the skin and mucous membranes. 2) On ulcers, sores, etc. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Potassii Permanganas, . Dose, 0.03 — 0.15 G. Chiefly used as a deodorant and an antiseptic. May be applied to wounds, ulcers, and sores, and also used as a gargle. The solution used should be from 1 to 4 G. to the litre (1000 c. c.) Given internally in pill. Acidum Chromicum (Chromic Acid — really an An- hydride). Liquor Acidi Chromici — B. P. (Acid 1 part, water 3 parts). Used as a caustic and deodorant. Potassii Bichromas — Used as a caustic, deodorant, and as a gargle in |^ to |^ per cent, solution. Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide), Contains about 3 per cent, by weight of hydrogen dioxide, . Dose, 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Used chiefly locally as a disinfectant. Oxygen. — Given by inhalation in various diseases. Ozone. — Used in similar conditions as oxygen. Used in the form of old turpentine in cases of phos- phorus poisoning. PHOSPHORUS. 91 XIII. Phosphorus. Chemistry and physical properties. Phosphorus — a constituent of the body. Fate after absorption. General action. Special action: 1) On protoplasm and on the albumin, molecule. On the stomach and intestines. On bone. On connective tissue. On the liver, kidneys, and other in- ternal organs. On the lungs and respiratory pas- sages. On muscle. On the heart, and blood-vessels. On nerve tissue. (?) On tissue change. On the urine. Symptoms and diagnosis of acute phosphorus poisoning. Symptoms and diagnosis of Chronic phosphorus poisoning. Treatment of phosphorus poisoning. Therapeutic uses. (?) Preparations : — ^) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) Phosphorus, Elixir Phosphori, Oleum Phosphoratum, Pilulse Phosphori (6 m.g), Spiritus Phosphori, Zinci Phosphidum, Dose, 0.0006—0.001 G. 1 Dose, 1.8 — 4 c. c. " 0.06—0.12 c. c. " 1—2 pills. " 0.5—1 c. c. " 0.002—0.005 G 92 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. XIV. The Heavy Metal Group. — Arsenic — Antimony — Mercury — Iron — Silver — Gold — Copper — Zinc — Bismuth — Aluminum. General consideration of the action of the heavy metals. 1) Heavy metals are inactive unless in combination with oxygen or an acid. 2) Heavy metals resemble each other moi'e or less in their local action while each has a specific action after absorption: — Reasons for this. 3) Organic forms of the heavy metals; how they differ pharmacolog- ically from the ordinary forms. Examples. 4) To what is the local action of the compounds of the heavy metals due ? To what is the differance in intensity of action due and why are some more corrasive while others are more astringent ? 5) Limitations to the local action of the heavy metals. 6) The chemical forms in which the heavy metals are absorbed. Their fate after absorption. 7) Comparison of the rate of absorption of the different metals. 8) The storing of the metals in certain organs and tissues of the body. 9) The elimination of the heavy metals. 10) Consideration of the individual metals. IKSB THE HEAVY METAL GROUP. 93 Arsenicum (Arsenic). Chemistry and physical properties. Action of metallic arsenic compared witli its oxides — As, O3, and Asg O5. Local action of the arsenic compounds. In what chemical form is arsenic absorbed, and how does it differ from the other heavy metals in its behavior towards albumin. Fate after absorption. General action. Special action, 1 ) On the stomach and intestine. 2) On the heart and blood vessels. 3) On blood pressure. 4) On bone. 5) On the skin, 6) On tissue change. 7) On the liver, spleen, and otter inter- nal organs. 8) On the nervous system. 9) On the kidneys. Elimination of arsenic. Consideration of arsenic poisoning. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Liquor Potassii Arsenitis (Fowler's Solution, 0.06—0.3 e. c. Liquor Acidi Arsenosi, . 0.06 — 0.3 c. c. Acidum Arsenosum (White Arsenic), 0.0001—0.000 G. Liquor Sodii Arseuatis (Pearson's Solution). 0.06—0.8 c. c. 94 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri lodidi (Donovan's Solu- tion), . . . 0.06— 0.2 c. c. Ferri Arsenas, . . . 0.003—0.006 G. Arseni lodidura. Liquor Arseni Bromidi (Clemen's Solution), 0.06—0.3 c. c. Cupri Arsenitis, . . . 0.0003—0.0006 G. Antimonium (Antimony). Chemistry and physical properties. In what chemical form absorbed, and rate of absorption compared with that of arsenic. Fate after absorption. How the compounds of antimony are acted upon in the stomach and on the skin. General action and comparison with arsenic. Special action : 1) On stomach and intestines. 2) On the heart, blood-vessels, and cir- culation. 3) On blood pressure. 4) On the skin. 5) On the central nervous system. 6) On the mucous membranes of mouth. and bronchi. 7) On the kidneys. Symptoms of and diagnosis of antimony poison- ing — treatment. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Tartar Emetic — Tartrated Antimony) Expectorant, Dose, 0.003—0.006 G. Emetic, " 0.03—0.06 G. Antimonii Oxidum, . " 0.06— 0.2 G. THE HEAVY METAL GROUP. 95 Antimonii Sulphidum, Antimouii Sulphidum Purifica- tum, . . . " 0.01—0.06 G. Antimonium Sulphuratum, " 0.06 — 0.3 G., As an emetic for children. Pulais Antimonialis (James's Powder). Contains oxide of antimony and phosphate of calcium, Dose, 0.3—0.6 in pill. Pilulae Antimonii Composita (Plummer's Pill). Con- tains sulphurated antimony, calomel, guaiac and castor oil, . . . Dose, 1 — 2 pills. T7- i ,. •• T-k (Expectorant, 0.6 — 1.5 c. c. Vmum Antimonii, Dose, < t:, x- -in on ' ' ( Jiimetic, 15 — 30 c. c. Hydrargyrum (Mercury). Chemistry and physical properties. Behavior of mercury and its salts towards proto- plasm. Solubility of the albuminates. Corrosive action of mercury independent of its combinations. In what respects do the albuminates of mercury differ from the albuminates formed by the other metals. In what combination absorbed, and fate after absorption. Rate of absorption of mercury compared with that of arsenic and antimony. Local action compared with arsenic and antimony. Local action of the mercuric salts compared with the mercurous. Excretion of mercury. General action. 96 INORGANIC MATERIA ME DIG A. bD 2) 3) 4) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 9 h" P 03 fin Ph Special action. 1) On the stomach and intestine. On the mucous membrane of the mouth; on the salivary gland, and teeth. On the skin and skin glands. On the central nervous system. 5) On the liver, kidneys, and other in- ternal organs. On the blood. On tissue change. On the urine. On the heart and blood vessels. On the temperature. Symptoms and diagnosis of acute mercury poison- ing. Symptoms and diagnosis of chronic mercury poisoning. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Hydrargyrum (Mercury-Quick silver). Hyrargyrum cum Creta. Contains 38 per cent of mercury, . . Dose, 0.06—0.6 G. Massa Hydrargyri (Blue Muss). Contains 33 per cent, of mercury, . Dose, 0.2 — 0.6 G. Emplastrum Hydrargyri. Contains 30 per cent of mercury, . . Used externally Emplastrum Ammoniaci cum Hydrargyro. Con- tains 18 per cent of mercury, Used externally Unguentum Hydrargyri (Blue Ointment). Con- tains 50 per cent, of mercury, Used externally Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum (Corrosive Subli- mate — Bichloride of Mercury), Dose, 0.002—0.004 G. L THE HEAVY METAL GROUP. 97 Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite (Mild Chloride of Mer- cury—Calomel), . Dose, 0.003-0.6 G. Hydrargxjri lodidum Flavum (Yellow Mercurous Iodide — Protoiodide of Mercury), Dose, 0.01—0.06 G. Hydrargyri lodidum Ruhrum{KQA Murcuric Iodide — Biniodide of Murcury), Dose, 0.002—0.003 G. Hydrargyri Oxiduui Flavum (Yellow Mercuric Oxide). Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrura (Red Murcuric Oxide), Dose, 0.001—0.006 G. Hydrargyri Salicylas, . " 0.001—0.008 G. Hydrargyri Subsulphas Flavus (Yellow Mercuric Subsulphate — Turpetb Mineral ), Dose, 0.2 — 0.3 G., used as an emetic. Hydrargyrum Amraoniatum. (White Precipitate), Used only externally. Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri lodidi. Dose, 0.06—0.18 c. c. Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis, A powerful caustic. Lotio Hydrargyri Flava. (Yellow Wash), Used locally. Lotio Hydrargyri Nigra. (Black Wash), Used locally. Oleatum Hydrargyri, . Used externally. Uuguentura Hydrargyri Ammoniati, Used locally. Uuguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis (Ointment of Mer- curic Nitrate — Citrine Ointment), Used locally. Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi, Used locally. Ungueutum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri, Used locally. Hydrargyri Cyanidum (Mercuric Cyanide), Dose, 0.002—0.003 G. ■MHiM INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Ferrum (Iron). Chemistry and physical properties. Iron as a constituent of the body. Relation of iron to the function of the red-blood coi'puscles. Comparison of the behavior of the compounds of iron tovvards protoplasm (albumin) with that of the other heavy metals. In what chemical combination are the iron com- pjunds absorbed? Rate of absorption com- pared with that of the other heavy metals and the fate of iron after absorption. Absorption of the organic compounds of iron (food iron) compared with that of the inorganic compounds. Fate of hsemoglobiu in the stomach. The quantity of iron found in the different "food-stuffs." Bunge's theory of chlorosis and the action of iron in the cure of the disease. Discussion of Bunge's theory and reasons why iron is believed to be absorbed before acting beneficially. Excretion of iron. Local action. General action. Therapeutic uses and comparison of the action of the different preparations with each other. Preparations : — Ferri Chloridum (Ferric Chloride). Used mainly as a haemostatic (styptic), Dose, 0.06 — 0.2 G. Tinctura Ferri Chloridi, . " 0.6 — 1.8 c. c. THE HEAVY METAL GROUP. 99 Liquor Ferri Chloridi, . Dose, 0.3 — 0.6 c. c. Ferri Sulphas, . . « 0.06—0.8 G. Ferri Sulphas Grauulatus, " 0.06—0.3 G. Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus, " 0.03—0.12 G. Ferri Subsulphas (Mousel's Salt), " 0.15 — 0.2 G. Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis (Mon- sel's Solution, . . " 0.3—0.6 c. c. (Used largely as a hseraostatic). Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus, Dose, 0.2 — 0.6 c. c. (Easily decomposed, forming the oxide), Pilulae Ferri Corbonatis (Blaud's Pill). Contains ferrous car- bonate, ferrous sulphate, and potassium carbonate, Dose, 1 — 8 pills^ Mistura Ferri Composita. Con- tains ferrous sulphate and potassium corbonas, . " 4 — 16 c. c, Mussa Ferri Carbonatis. Con- tains ferrous sulphate and sodium carbonate, . " 0.2 — 0.6 G. Ferrum Reductura, . " 0.03 — 0.3 G. Trochisci Ferri Reductum (B. P.), " 1 as directed. Ferri Oxidum Hydratum. Used as an antidote in arsenic poisoning. Trochisci Ferri. Contains hydrated oxide of iron. Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis. Ferri Oxidum Hydratum Cum Magnesia. Used in large doses as an antidote in arsenic poisoning. Syrupus Ferri Quininae, etStrych- ninae Phosphatum, . Dose, 4.0 — 8.0 c. c. Syrupus Hypophosphitum Cum Ferro, ... « 4.0—16.0 c. c. Syrupus Ferri lodidi, . " 0.3—2.0 e. c. 100 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Ferri et Quininae Citras, . Dose, 0.4 Fe7'ri et Quininae Citras Solubilis, " 0.4 Ferri et Strychninae Citras, Ferri Hypophosphis, Ferri Phosphas Solubilis, Ferri Citras, Fern Salicylas, Liquor Ferri Acetatiy, Liquor Ferri Citratis, Pilulse Aloes et Ferri, Pilulse Ferri lodidi, Ferri et Ammonii Citras, " Ferri et Ammouii Sulphas, " Ferri et Ammouii Tartras, " Ferri et Potassii Tartras, . " Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis, " Liquor Ferri Nitratis, . " Ferri lodidum Saccharatum, '* Ferri Lactas, ... " Vinum Ferri Citratis, . " Vinura Ferri Araarum, . " Ferri Arsenas, . . " Emplastrum Ferri. Ferri Valerianas, . . " Ferri Albuminas, . . " Liquor Ferri Albuminati. Ferri Peptonas. Liquor Ferri Peptonati: Organic Iron. Hseraatogen (Buuge). Haemoglobin. Hsemogalhol or Hsemol (Robert). Ferratin (Schmiedeberg). 0.06 0.3- 0.13 0.12 0.4- 0.3- 0.3- 1—3 1—3 0.12- 0.1— 0.4- 0.4- 8.0- 0.06 0.12 0.06- 4.0— 4.0— 0.003 0.6 G. 0.6 G. -0.2 G. 0.6 G. -0.3 G. -0.4 G. 0.6 G. ■1.0 c. c. 1.0 c. c. pills, pills. -0.4 G. 0.4 c. c. 0.6 G. ■0.6 G. 30.0 c. c. -0.3 c. c. -0.3 G. -0.3 G. 8.0 c. c. 8.0 c. c. — 0.006 G. 0.06 0.1— 0.1 G. 0.6 G. THE HEAVY METAL GROUP. 101 Manganese. Chemistry and physical properties. Pharmacological action compared with that of iron. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Mangani Dioxidum, . . Dose, 0.06—0.3 G. Mangani Sulphas, . . " 0.12— 0.3 G. Argentum (Silver). Chemistry and physical properties. Behavior towards protoplasm, comparison with that of the other heavy metals. In what chemical form are silver compounds absorbed, and their fate after absorption? How acted upon by the tissue. General action ; compared with that of the other heavy metals. Special action : 1) On the skin and mucous membranes. 2) On the stomach and intestines. 3) On the central nervous system. 4) On the corium. 5) On the liver, kidneys, and other in- ternal organs. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : Argenti Nitras, . . Dose, 0.01—0.15 G. Argenti Nitras Dilutus, (Diluted Silver Nitrate- Mitigated Caustic). Used externally as a caus- tic in the form of pencils or cone-shaped solids. Argenti Nitras Fusus (Moulded Silver Nitrate — Lunar Caustic). Used externally as a caustic. m 102 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Argenti Cyanidum. Argenti lodiduin, . . Dose, 0.01 — 0.15 G, Argeuti Oxidum, . . " 0.003—0.06 G. Silver oxide should not be triturated with read- ily oxidizable or combustible substances, and should not be brought in contact with aramouia. Aurum (Gold). Chemistry and physical properties. Absorption and general action compared with that of silver and other heavy metals. Action on the central nervous system when in- jected into the blood. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Auri Bromidum, . Dose, 0.01—0.03 G. Auri Chloridum, . " 0.0006—0.003 G. Auri et Sodii Chloridum — (Equal parts of gold chloride and sodium chloride), Dose, 0.006—0.003 G. Cuprum (Copper), and Zincum (Zinc). Chemical and physical properties. Local action compared with that of the other heavy metals. Behavior towards albumin. In what chemical form absorbed and fate after absorption. General action ; comparison with the other heavy metals. THE HEAVY METAL GROUP. 103 Special action : 1) Locally, on the skin and mucous membranes. On the storaacli and intestine?. On the heart and circulation. On muscle, j Ou the nervous system. 2) 3) 4) 5) How excreted. Therapeutic uses. Zincum (Zinc). Preparations : — Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. Used as a local application. Oleatum Zinci. Used as a local application. Zinci Chloridum. A white, granular deliquescent powder. Generally used as a caustic in the shape of moulded pencils. Liquor Zinci Chloridi. Used as a disinfectant. Zinci Carbonas Prsecipitatus. A fine white powder. Used externally. Zinci lodidum, . . Dose, 0.03—0.1 G. Zinci Oxidum, Zinci Phosphidum, Zinci Sulphas, Zinci Valerianas, 0.06—0.3 G. 0.001—0.003 G. 0.6—2.0 G. 0.01—0.06 G. Cuprum (Copper). Preparations : — Cupri Sulphas (Copper Sulphate— Blue Stone- Blue Vitriol), Dose, 0.2—0.2 G., as an emetic. Cupri Arsenitis, . Dose, 0.0003-0.0006 G. m 104 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDICA. Plumbum (Lead), Chemistry and physical properties. Behavior towards albumiu compared with that of the other heavy metals. In what chemical combination absorbed; and fate after absorption. Local action compared with that of the other heavy metals. General action, 1) Acute lead poisoning, 2) Chronic lead poisoning. (a) Action on mouth and ali- mentary canal. (6) Icterus Saturnina. (c) Colica Saturnina. (d) Arthralgia Saturnina. (e) Anaesthesia Saturnina. (/) Encephalopathia Saturnina. (g) Lead paralysis. [h) Amblyopia or amaurosis. (i) Keual cirrhosis, and arter- ial sclerosis. (;') Tissue change. Treatment of lead poisoning. Elimination of lead. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Plumbi Acetas (Lead Acetate — Sugar of Lead), Dose, 0.06—0.2 G. Plumbi Carbonas (White Lead). Used externally in ointment. Plumbi lodidum, . . Dose, 0.03—0.15 G. THE HEAVY METAL GROUP, 105 Plumbi Nitras. Used in solution as a disinfectant. Plumbi Oxidum (Lithai'ge), Used externally. Emplastrum Plumbi. Unguenhim Plmnbi Carbonatis. Used externally. Unguentum Plumbi lodidi. Used externally. Bismuthi (Bismuth). Chemical and physical properties. Behavior towards albumin. How absorbed and in what chemical combination; comparison with the other heavy metals. Fate after absorption. How is it acted upon in the stomach and intes- tines? General action and symptoms produced by poisonous doses considered. Comparison with lead. Special local action: 1 ) On the stomach. 2) On the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, etc. 3) On wounds, ulcers, etc. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Bismuthi Subnitras, Bismuthi Subcarbonas, Bismuthi Salicylas, . Bismutlii Oxidum, Bismuthi Citras, Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras, Bismuthi Subgallas, . Bismuthi Subiodidum. Dose, 0.6—4.0 G. '' 0.6—4.0 G. " 0.3— 2.0 G. " 0.2—0.6 G. " 0.15—0.3 G. " 0.15— 0.3 G. '« 0.3—0.6 G. '< 0.06—0.15 G. 106 INORGANIC MATERIA MEDIC A. Aluminum (Alumen — Alum). Chemistry and physical properties. Behavior towards albumin. In what chemical form absorbed and fate after absorption. Local action compared with that of the other heavy metals. General action. (?) Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Alumen (Alum — Potassium Alum, Aluminum, and Potassium Sulphate), Dose, 4 — 15 G., as emetic. Dose, 0.3 — 1 G., for other conditions. Alumen Exsiccatum (Dryed Alum — Alumen Ustum, Burnt Alum). Used mostly externally as astringent and caustic. Aluminii Hydras (Aluminum Hydrate — Aluminum Hydroxide, Hydrated Alum), Dose, 0.2 — 0.3 G., also used externally. ' Aluminii Sulphas, . . Used externally. Cerium. Chemistry and physical properties. Action compared with that of bismuth. Therapeutic uses. Preparation : — • Cerii Oxalas, . . . Dose, 0.05—0.2 G. PART IV. ANIMAL EXTRACTS.-TOXALBUMINS-BACTERIAL POISONS. I. Digestive Ferments. Pepsinum (Pepsin). Source and nature. Behavior towards alburain. Limitations to its action. Required strength. Action in stomach. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Pepsinum, . . . Dose, 1.0—2.0 G. Pepsinum Saccharatum, . " 1.0 — 4.0 G. Liquor Pepsini, . . " 4.0—8.0 c. c. Papayotin um (Papayotin-Papain). Source and nature. Behavior towards albumin. Limitations to its action; compared with pepsin and pancreatine. Strength as compared with that of pepsin. Action in the stomach. Therapeutic uses. Preparation : — Papayotinum, . . . Dose, 0.06 — 0.3 G. 13 108 ANIMAL EXTRACTS. Ingluvin. Source and nature. Active principle. Behavior towards albumin. Strength as compared with the digestive ferments. Therapeutic uses. Preparation : — Ingluvin, .... Dose, 0.5 — 1.') G. Pancreatinum (Pancreatine). Source and nature. Active principles. Behavior towards the different food-stufFs. Limitations to its action compared with the other digestive ferments. Action in intestines. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Pancreatinum, . . Dose, 0.6 — 2.0 (J. Liquor Pancreaticus, . " 4.0 — 8.0 t . c. II. Animal Extracts. Theory of internal secretion. Brown-Sequard's theory. Extract of the thyroid gland. History of the development of thyroid treatment. Active principles in thyroid extract and tlnir nature. Action of thyroid extract on healthy animals. (a) On the central nervous system. (b) On general tissue change. TOXALBUMINS. 109 Action on animals after thyroid — ectomy — rayxoedema. Therapeutic uses. Supra-renal Capsule. History and development of supra-renal treat- ment. Effect upon animals of absence or destruction of the supra-renal capsules. Extract of supra-renal capsule. Active principles and their nature. (?) Its effect upon normal animals and upon animals having the supra-renal capsules destroyed. Discussion of the therapeutic of extract of supra- renal capsule. Bone-marrow. History. Discussion of the therapeutic use of bone- marrow — anaemia. Other Animal Extracts. — Pancreas — Spleen — Testes — Overies — Brain — Etc., etc. Nucleins. Source and physical properties. Action as a germicide. Action on the blood and tissues. Therapeutic use. III. Toxalbumins. Vegetable. 1) Ricin. — Found in the castor-oil bean. 2) Abrin. — A poisonous principle found in jequirity. 110 ANIMAL EXTRACTS. Discovery and history of toxalbumins and pro- teid poison. Nature of ricini and abrin. Special action : 1) On the blood and tissues. . 2) Immunity (anti-ricin). Contrast immunity with tolerance. Other vegetable toxalbumins. IV. Animal Toxalbumins. Snake-poison. Varieties. Nature. Action in general. Action on the blood. Treatment. Other animal poisons. V. Bacterial Poisons. Koch's Tuberculin. Tubeculoidin. Mallein. Tetanus Poison. Diphtheria Poison. Source of the bacterial poisons. History and theox'ies of their therapeutic use. VI. Serum Therapeutics (Antitoxines). Diphtheria antitoxine. Tetanus antitoxine. Rabies antitoxine. Historical remarks. Therapeutic uses. OLEUM MORRHUM 111 VII. Oleum Morrhuae (Cod-liver Oil). Source and physical properties. History of cod-liver oil in medicine as a therapeu- tic egent. How it differs from other j&xed oils. Diffusibility and absorbability as compared with those of the other oils. Substances contained in cod-liver oil. Theories explanatory of its action. Therapeutic uses. Preparations : — Oleum Morrhuse, . . Dose, 1.0 — 30.0 c. c. Cod-liver oil is best given in emulsion. Lipanin. '^ Lipanin consists of 6 parts of oleic acid added to 100 part? of olive oil. Therapeutic uses. PART v.— MENSTRUA. Acidum Oleicum (Oleic Acid). Adeps (Lard). Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Wool-fat — Lanolin). Cera (Wax). Cera Alba (White Wax— Bleached Wax). Cera Flava (Yellow Wax). Ceratum (Cerate)— White wax 30 per cent., lard 70 per cent. ( Used as a base Ceratum Cetacei (Spermaceti Cerate). } for compound I cerates. Ceratum Resini. Cetaceum (Spermaceti). Ceratum Cetacei. •» Collodtium (Collodion). CoUodium Flexile (Flexible Collodion). Glycerinum (Glycerine). IchthyocoUa (Isinglass). Emplastrum IchthyocoUse. Lycopodium— Used as a dusting powder. Mastiche (Mastic). — Used as an excipient. Oleum Adipis (Lard Oil). Oleum Lini (Linseed Oil). Oleum Olivae (Olive Oil). Oleum Sesami (Oil of Sesamum). Oleum Gossypii Seminis (Cotton-seed Oil). 114 MENSTRUA. Petrolatum (Vaseline). Petrolatum Liquidura. Petrolatum Molle. Petrolatum Spissum. Unguentum Paraffiiui. Resinae (Resins). Used iu making plasters. Emplastrum Resinse (Resin Plaster — Adhesive Plaster). Used as a mechanical support for fixed dressings. Sapo (Ordinary Soap). Emplastrum Saponis. Liuraentum Saponis. Sapo Mollis (Soft-Soap). Linimentum Saponis Mollis. Sevum (Suet — Mutton Suet). Suppositoria. — Contain the medical ingredient, the pre- scribed quantity; oil of theobromine, a sufficient quantity. Suppositoria Glycerini. Theobroma (Cacao). Oleum Theobromatis. Used in making suppositories. Unguentum (Ointment), Contains lard 80 per cent., and white wax 20 per cent. Unguentum Diachylon. Contains lead plaster and olive oil. Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus (Plaster of Paris). Used for making fixed surgical dressings. Elastica (India Rubber). Gossypium (Cotton Wool — Absorbent Cotton). Go.ssypium Purificatum. Liquor Sodii Silicatis (Solution of Sodium Silicate). Used for making fixed surgical dressings. INDEX. Absinthium, 23 Absorbent Cotton, 114 Acacia, 13 Aceta, 11 Acetanilide, 61 Acid Group. 87, 88 Acid, Acetic, 88 Diluted, 88 Glacial, 88 Ai'senous, 93 Benzoic, 63 Boric, 88 Carbolic, 63 Crude, 63 Chromic, 89 Citric, 88 Gallic, 35 Hydrochloric, 87 Diluted, 87 Hydrocyanic, 40, 41 Diluted, 41 Lactic, 88 Nitric, 87 Diluted, 88 Nitrohydrochloric, 88 Diluted, 88 Phosphoric, 88 Diluted, 88 . Salicylic, 63 Sulphuric, 88 Aromatic, 88 Dilated, 8S Sulphurous, 88 Tannic, 34 Tartaric, 88 Aconite Group, 56 Adeps, 113 Adeps Lante Hydrosus 113 Adhesive Plaster, 114 ^ther, 19, 35 Alcohol-Chlorofarm Group, 35 Alcohol, Ethyl, 37 Absolute, 38 Deodorized, 38 Diluted, 38 Alkalies, 80 Alkaline Earths, 83 Allium, 20 Allspice, 20 Almonds, 19, 41 Aloes, 26 Aloiu, 26 Aluminum, Ammonia, 75 Ammonium Carbonate, 81 Amygdala Dulcis, 15 Amylum, 14 Amyl Nitrite, 40 Animal Extracts, 107 Anise, 17 Antlielmintics, 28 Anthracene Purgatives, 25 Antimony, 94 Antipyrine, 61 Antiseptic Group, 61 Apomorphine, 54 Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi, 90 Argentum, 101 Arsenicum, 96 Asaloetida, 16 Aspidium, 28 Aspidosperma, 54 Atropine and Tropeine Group, 50 Aurantii Amari Cortex, 18 Aurantii Dulcis Cortex, 18 Aurum, 102 Bacterial Poisons, 110 Balsam, 64 Canada, 65 Peru, 64 Tolu, 64 Barium, 84 Bearberry, 31 Beer, 38 ' Belladonna, 50 Benzoic Acid, 69 Benzoin, 64 Beta-naphtol, 63 Bichloride of Mercury, 97 Biniodide of Mercury, 97 Bismuth, 1C5 Blaud's Pill, 99 Bone-marrow, 109 Boric Acid. 88 Brandy, 38 Bromides, 76 INDEX. Bromine, 89 Broom, 44 Brown-mixture, 14 Brucine, 43, 48 Bucliu, 31 Bucktliorn, 25 Burgundy Pitch, 38 Butylchloral, 38 Cacao Butter, — Cade, Oil of, 65 Caffeine, 41 Calamus, 23 Calcium, 83 Calcii Sulphas Exsiccatus, 114 Calomel, 97 Calumba, 22 Calx, 84 Cambogia, 28 Camphor Group, 66 Camphora Monobrom.ata, 66 Cannabis Indica, 71 Cantharides, 32 Capsicum, 21 Caraway, 26 Carbolic Acid, 62 Carbon, 85 Carbonates, 82 Cardamon, 17 Carum, 20 Cascara Sagrada, 25 Cassia Fistula, 24 Castor Oil, 24 Catechu, 34 Cathartics, 24 Cauloijhyllum, 71 Cayenne Pepper, 21 Celandine, 47 Cera, 113 Ceratum, 113 Cerium Oxalate, 106 Cetaceum, 113 Cetraria, 14 Chalk, 83 Chamomile, 20 Charcoal, 85 Chelidonium, 47 Chenopodium, 29 Chirata, 23 Chloral, 38 Chloralose, 39 Chlorates, 78 Chloride of Sodium Group, 72 Chlorinated Lime, 89 Chlorine, 89 Chloroform, 19, 35 Cinnamon, 17 Chondrus, 14 Chromic Acid, 89 Cimicifuga, 69 Cinchona, 59 Cinchona Rubra, 60 Cinchonidine, 59 Cinchonine, 59 Cinnamon, 17 Citric Acid, 88 Citrine Ointment, 97 Clemen's Solution, 94 Cloves, 20 Coca, 49 Cocaine, 49 Coccus, 15 Cochineal, 15 Codeine, 45, 46 Cod-liver Oil, 111 Colchicum, 58 Cold Cream, 15 Collodion, 113 Colocynth, 27 Columbo, 22 Condurango, 23 Coniine and Lobeline Group, 44 Conium, 44 Convallaria, 69 Copaiba, 30 Copper, 102 Coriander, 20 Corn-silk, 14 Corrosive Subliinate, 99 Cotton, Absorbent, 114 Cotton Seed Oil, 113 Cream of Tartar, 33, 99 Creosote, 63 Creta, 83 Crocus, 15 Croton Oil, 24 Cubeb, 30 Cuprum, 102 Cutaneous Irritants, 31 Curare, 43 Cypripedium, 16 Dandelion, 23 Daturine, 51 Demulcents, 13 Diachylon Plaster, 114 Digitalis Group, 67 Diuretine, 42 INDEX. Donovan's Solution, 94 Dover's Powder, 56 Duboisine, 53 Dulcamara, 48 Elastica, 114 Elateriuni, 38 Emetin Group, 56 Epsom Salt, 79 Ergot Group, 69 Ether, 19, 35 Eucalyptus, 19 Euonymus, 28 Exalgine, 61 Fabiana, 31 Felix Mas, 28 Fennel, 20 Ferrum, 98 Ficus, 24 Fio- 24 Flaxseed, Oil of, 113 Fceniculum, 20 Fowler's Solution, 93 Frangula, 25 Galla, 35 Gallic Acid. 35 Gamboge, 38 Garlic, 20 Gelsemium, 45 Genito-Urinary Disinfectants, 13 Gentian, 23 Ginger, 19 Glauber's Salt, 49 Glonoinum, 40 Glycerine, 113 Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. 34 Glycyrrhiza, 14 Gold, 103 Gossypium, 114 Granatum, 29 Guarana, 43 Gum Arabic, 14 Ha^matoxylon, 34 Hamamelis, 34 Hedeoma, 20 Hemlock, 44 Henbane, 52 Hoffman's Anodyne, 19 Homatropine, 51 Honey, 34 Hops, 33 Humulus, 33 Hydrargj'rum, 95 Hydrastis, 48 Hydrastiuine, 42 Hydi-ocyanic Acid, 40 Hydrogen Dioxide, 00 Hyoscine, 50, 52 Hyoscyamine, 50, 52 Hyoscyamus, 52 Hypnone, 39 Iceland Moss, 14 Ichthyocolla, 113 lUicium, 20 India Rubber, 114 Inorganic Materia Medica, 7 2 Iodine, 89 Iodoform, 64 lodol, 63 Ingluvin, 108 Ipecac Group, 55 Iris, 28 Irish Moss, 14 Iron, 98 Isinglass, 113 Jaborandi, 53 Jalap, 2 James' Powder, 95 Jasmine, 45 Juglans, 28 Juniperus, 65 Kamala, 29 Kino, 35 Kola Nut, 43 Krameria, 34 Lanolin, 113 Lard, 113 Oil of, 113 Laudanum, 46 Lavandula, 30 Lavender, 30 Lead, 104 Lemon-peel, 19 Leptandra, 28 Licorice-root, 14 Lime, 84 Limonis Cortex, 19 Linseed, Oil of, 113 Lipanin, 111 Litharge, 105 Lobelia, 44 Logwood, 34 Local Cutaneous Irritants. M London Paste, 80 Lupulin, 33 Lycopodium, 113 Magnesium, 79 Male Fern, 28 Manganese, 101 IT INDEX. Manna, 24 Mai-rubium, 20 Mastic, 113 Matieo, 31 Matricaria, 20 Mel, 24 Melissa, 20 Menispermum. 23 Mentha Piperita, 17 Mentha Veridis, 18 Menthol. 18, 32 Mercury, 95 Mezereuni, 33 Monkshood, 57 Monsel's Salt, 95 Monsel's Solution, 95 Morphine, 45 Acetate, 46 Hj'drochlorate, 46 Sulphate, 46 Moschus, 06 Muscarine, 42 Mucilage, 13 Acacia, 13 Ti-agacanth, 13 Mustard, 32 White, 32 Black, 32 Myristica, 20 Myrrh, 28 Naf)hthaline, 63 Naphtol, 63 Nicotine, 53 Nitrates, 77 Nitroglycerine, 40 Nitrous Oxide, 39 Nucleins, 109 Nutgall, 35 Nutmeg, 20 Nux Vomica, 43 • Oleic Acid, 113 Oleum Morrhuaj, 111 Olive Oil, 113 Opium, 46 Organic Materia Medica, 13 Papayotinum, 107 Pancreatinum, 108 Paraldehyde, 39 Paregoric, 46 Pelletierine Tannate, 29 Pellitory, 21 Pepo, 29 Pepper Group, 21 Cayenne, 21 Black, 21 Peppermint, 17 Pepsin. 107 Peroxide of hydrogen, 90 Peruvian Bark. 59 Petrolatum, 114 Liquidum, 114 Molle, 114 Spissum, 114 Phenacetine, 61 Phosphorus, 91 Physostigmine, 53 Pichi, 31 Picrotoxine, 67 Pill :— Blaud's, 99 Compound Cathartic, 27 Compound Cathartic (Vee-eta- ble). 27 Plummei-'s, 95 Pilocarpus, 53 Piper, 21 Pix Burgundica, 66 Pix Liquida. 66 Plumbum, 104 Podophyllum, 27 Pomegranate, 29 Potassium-iodide, 88 Powder: — Dover's, 56 James's, 95 Seidlitz, 80 Prepered Chalk, 83 Prunum, 24 Prunus Virginiana, 23 Prussic Acid, 40 Purgative Group, 24 Pumpkin-seed, 29 Pyrethrum, 21 Pyrogallic Acid, 62 Pyrogallol, 62 Qiiassa, 22 Quercus Alba, 35 Quillaia, 70 Quillaja, 70 Quinidine, 59 Quinine Group, 59 Raspberry, 15 Resins, 114 Resinous Purgatives, 27 Resorcin, 62 Rhamnus Purshia;i'. •■> Rheuua, 26 Rhubarb, 26 INDEX. Rochelle Salt, 79 Rosa Centifolia, 18 Rosa Gallica, 18 Rubus Idceus, 15 Rubefacients, 16 Saccharum, 15 Lactis, 15 Saffron, 15 Salicin, 63 Saline Cijithartics, 79 Salicylic Acid, 68 Salol, 63 Salt, Epsom, 79 Glauber's, 79 Monsel's, 99 Rochelle, 79 Sandalwood, 30 Sanguinaria Group, 47 Santalum Album, 30 Santalum Rubrum, 15 Santonica, 29 Santonine, 29 Sapo, Mollis, 11-4 Saponine Group, 70 Sarsaparilla, 71 Sassafras, 20 Scammoniuni, 28 Scilla, 68 Scoparius, 45 Seidlitz Powder, 70 Senega, 71 Senna, 26 Serpentaria 23 Serum Therapeutics, 110 Sevum, 114 Silver, 101 Sinapis, 32 Alba, 32 Nigra, 32 Soap, 14 Sodium Salts, 73 Solanine, 48 Sozoiodol. 64 Spanish Flies, 32 Sparteine, 44 Spearmint, 18 Spermaceti, 113 Spigelia, 29 Squill, 88 Staphisagria, 57 Stomachic Bitters, 22 Storax, 64 Stramonium, 51 Strontium, 84 Strophanthus, 68 Strychnine, 42 Sty rax, 64 Suet, 114 Sulphonal, 39 Sulphur, 85 Sulphuric Acid, 87 Aromatic, 87 Diluted, 87 Sumbul, 16 Supra-renal Capsule, 109 Suppositoria, 114 Sweet Almonds, 15 Syrup of Tolu, 64 Tabacum, 53 Tamarindus, 24 Tannic Acid, 34 Tar, 66 Tartar Emetic, 33 Tea, 42 Terebene, 65 Terebinthina, 65 Terpin Hydrate, 65 Tetronal, 39 Theobromine, 42 Theobromine Sodio-Salicylas, 4^ Thymol, 62 Tolu, Balsam of, 64 Tragacanth, 13 Trional, 32 Tuberculin, 110 Tuberculoiden, 110 Turpentine. 65 Unguentum, 114 Uva Ursa, 81 Valeriana, 16 Vanilla, 15 Veratrine, 57 Viridis, 58 Vienna Paste, 81 Volatile Oils, 15 Water, 72 Natural, 72 Distilled, 72 Wax, 113 Whisk V, 88 White Lead, 104 Wild Cherry, 23 Wintergreen, 63 Witch-hazel, 84 Wormseed, 29 Zea, 14 Zincum, 103 Zingiber, 19 a . \ 8 R A J» )f ^ or THE UNIVERSITY THIS BOOI AN INIT WILL BE AS THIS BOOK WILL INCRE DAY AND 1 OVERDUE. I IS DUJJ ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW lAL FINE OF 25 CENTS SESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY ASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH rO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY ; - • i p i^ ^ I' fv A'l\ 1 r. . i \'-^ 1' V 1 1 g,r;r-,lT ^-- '«■ f'r:/ LD 21-100)H-12,'43(879Gs) BIOLOGY LIBRARY /aass.'f- M3 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY liiiiili