(Quartermaster 4&tumV$ (Office, at '*J&rih-LeAS 'tC /7L^ M. C. MEIGS, Quart* nun.- ml, 11, -t. Maj. Gen'l, U. S. A. I. 1 (ijniimaity of ^alifoniia. ./Vo. Division Range vyj.r Shelf Received e w..J~ 187 W.A.R DEPARTMENT, QUARTERMASTER GENERAL'S OFFICE Washington, D. C. OUTLINE DESCRIPTION U. S. MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS THE YEA.R 1871. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, 1872. A 7 " A • CIRCULAR. WAR DEPARTMENT, < ( >t'ARTERM ASTER GENERAL'S OFFICE, Washington, August, 1871. The following "Outline Descriptions" of United Stales military posts and stations, compiled from information furnished by division commanders and quartermasters, is published by authority of the Secretary of War for the information of officers of the Army. M. C. MEIGS, Quartermaster Genera?, Brevet Major General United States Army. ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF POSTS DESCRIBED. Abercrombie, Port, Dakota Territory 229 Adams, Fort, Rhode Island 121 Advance Towers, ( dependencies of Fort Taylor) 35 Alcatraz, Fort, California - 1 Allegheny Arsenal, Pennsylvania -• 122 Andrews, Fort, Massachusetts 123 Angel Island, California 84 Arbnckle, Fort. Indian Territory 196 Atlanta, Tost of, » leorgia II Augusta Arsenal, Georgia 12 Austin, Post of, Texas :!7 Barnett, Post of, Georgia I :i Barrancas, Post of, Florida .... I .! Bascom, Fort, New Mexico 197 Raton Rouge Barracks, Tost of, Louisiana 38 m ard, Fort, New Mexico 198 Benicia Barracks, California -r, Bi dwell. Camp, California 87 Bliss, Fort, Texas ' 39 Boise, Fort, Idaho 97 Bowie. Camp, Arizona Ten itory : 65 Brady, Fort, Michigan 17 1 Bridger, Fort, Wyoming Territory 217 Brown, Fort, Texas 10 Brunswick, Post of, Georgia |.| Buford, Fort, Dakota Territory 230 Cady, Camp, California i;i; Cape Disappointment, Fort, Washington Territory '.is' Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania 104 Caswell, Fort, North Carolina [25 Champlain Arsenal, Vermont 126 Charleston, Post of. South Carolina IT, Charleston Arsenal, South Carolina 16 Chattanooga, Post of, Tennessee 16 Clark, Fort, Texas 41 Clark's Point, Fort at. Massachusetts 127 Colorado, Camp. Arizona Territory 67 Columbus Arsenal, Ohio 17;, Columbus, Fort, New York Harbor 128 Columbia, Post of, South Carolina 17 Colville, Fort, Washington Territory 99 Concho, Fort, Texas 41 ' onstitution, Fort, New Hampshire 129 Coi ik, Camp, Montana Territory l »:!| ■ i iuth, Post of, Mississippi 18 i orsicana, Post of, Texas 42 Craig, Fort, New Mexico |gg I i ittenden, Camp, Arizona Territory 6S ( 'un linings, Fort, New Mexico 200 1 lalles, Fort, Oregon 100 ! late Creek, Camp, Arizona Territory 69 David's Island, New York Harbor 130 Davis, Fort, Texas 4:'. Delaware, Fort, Delaware 131 Detroit Arsenal, Michigan I7."> I lodge. Fort, Kansas 20(1 Douglas, Camp, Wyoin i Tei itory '.'!- Drum Barracks, California 70 Duncan, Fort. Texas II Dutch Island, Fort on, Rhode island 133 Ellis, Fort, Mon I ory 232 Fetterman, Fort, Wyoming Territory 219 Foote, Fori, Maryland 134 Fort Valley. Pes: of, Georgia 19 Frank ford Arsenal, Pennsj Ivania 135 Fred. Steele, Fort, Wyoming I Garland, Fort, Colorado Territory 201 Gaston, Camp, California Gibson, Fort. Indian Territory ges, Fort, Maine 135 Grant, Camp, Arizona Territory 7 1 I iot, Fort, Michigan 176 Grenada, Camp at, Mississippi 19 : Fort, Texas 15 ( iriswold, Fort, Connecticut 135 Hale. Fori. Connecticut 136 Ilalleck, Camp, Nevada '-'■' Hall. Fort. Idaho Territory II 1 Hamilton, Fort, New York Harbor 137 Darker, Fort, Kansas Harney, Camp. ( Iregon 102 Hays, Fort, Kansas.. -i Itualpai, Camp, Arizona Territory ' '-' Humboldt, Post of, Tennessee 21 Iluntsville, Tost of, Alabama 21 Independence, Camp. California " ' Independence, Fort, Massachusetts 137 Indianapolis Arsenal, Indiana I". Jackson, Post of, Mississippi 22 Jackson Barracks, Post of, Louisiana I |; Jackson, Fort, Louisiana I • Jacksonville, l'o una 23 Jefferson, Fort, Florida Jefferson, Post of, Texas i- Johnson, Fort, North Carolina 139 Kearney, Fort, Nebraska '-'"-'' ' Kennebec Arsenal, Maine.. 11" Key West Barracks, Florida 24 Klamath, Fort, Oregon l" ; i Knox, Fort, Maine ID Kodiak, Fort, Alaska 104 Lafayette, Fort. New York Harbor Ml I apwai. Fort, Idaho Territory 105 Laramie, Fort, Wyoming Ten it iry - 221 Lamed, Fort, Kansas Leavenworth, Fort, Kansas Lebanon, Post of, Kentucky '-'■' Lee, Fort. Massachusetts M- 6 ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF POSTS DESCRIBED. Lon° I ' I > ! " ■" li;l -• ' ' "'•'-' ... Lowell, Camp, Arizona Territory I n, Fort, Colorado Territory •-''"'' Macon, Fort, North Carolina 143 Mackinac, Fort, Michigan I* on Barracks, Post of, New fork 179 ary, Fort, Maine I-H rmit, Camp, Nevada 91 McDowell, Camp, Arizona Territory 74 McHemy, Fort, Maryland 145 Mcintosh, Fort, Texas 18 McKavett, Fort, Texas 49 McPherson, F irt, Nebraska 221 McRae, Fort, New Mexico .'"7 Mifflin, Fort, Pennsylvania 117 Mobile, Post of, Alabama 26 Mojavo, Camp, Arizona Territory 7ti Monroe, Fort, Virginia 149 Monroe Fort, Arsenal, Virginia 148 Montgomery, Post of, Alabama '.'7 Montgomery, Fort, New York 150 Mount Vernon Arsenal, Alalia ma -J7 Nashville, Post of, Tennessee 28 Natchez, Tost of, Mississippi SO Newport Barracks, Kentucky 31 New San Diego, California 77 New York Arsenal, New fork Harbor 151 tra, Fort, New fork 181 North Platte Station, Nebraska 1 l i'ial.1 Station, Nebraska !23 lia Barracks, Nebraska " 224 Ontario, Fort, New York |82 Phoenix, Fort, Massachusetts 153 Pickering, Fort, Massachusetts 151 Pikesville Arsenal, Maryland 152 Pike, Fort, Louisiana 50 Plattsburgh Barracks, Post of, New York 153 Plum Cierk Si a tin ii, Nel ira ska 224 Popham, Fort, Maine 154 i , Fort, New fork 184 P eble, Fort, Maine IT,;, Presidio of San Francisco, California 92 Pulaski, Post of Fort, Georgia 32 Quitman, Fort, Texas f,l fb, P f. North Carolina |.,lj Randall, Fort, Dakota Territory 233 om, Fort, Dakota Territory 234 Reynolds, Fort, Colorado Territory 208 Rice, Fort, I lakota Territory 235 Richardson, Fort, Texas 52 Riley, Fort, Kansas 209 Ringgold Barracks, Post of, Texas 53 Ripley, Fort, Minnesota 235 ne Arsenal, New York |,-,S ell, It. A.. Fort, Wyoming Territory 225 San A lit.. i:i. 1. Post Of, Texas ,-, | San Antonio Arsenal, Post of, Texas Sandy Hook, Fort.New York Harbor 158 Sanders, Fort, Wyoming Territoi v 226 sau Jose' Point, California ill ■loan Island, Camp, Washington Territory 107 1 1 Georgia 33 Pagi Scammel, Fort, Maine 158 Schuyler, Fort; New Y'ork Harbor 156 Schuylkill Arsenal, (clothing depot,) Pennsylvania .. 150 Si dgwick, Fort, Colorado Territory 226 Seldeu, Fort, New Mexico 209 Sewell, Fort, Massachusetts 160 Shaw . Fort. Montana Territory 236 Shreveport, Post of, Louisiana 55 Sidney Station, Nebraska 227 Sill, Fort, Indian Territory 210 Sitka , Alaska 1 09 Smith, Fort, Arkansas 211 Snelliug, Fort. Minnesota 2:i7 Springfield Armory, Massachusetts 161 Standish, Fort, Massachusetts 161 Stanton, Fort, New Mexico 212 Stevens, Fort, Oregon 110 St. Philip, Fort, Texas 57 Stevenson, Fort, Dakota Territory 238 Stockton, F.nl. Texas 56 ■ Sullivan, Fort, Maine 162 Sully, Fort, Dakota Territory 239 Suinioerville, Post of, Georgia 33 Supply, Camp, Indian Territory 212 Taylor Barracks, Post of, Kentucky 34 Taylor, Fort, Key West, Florida 34 Thomas, Camp, Arizona Territory 78 Three Forks 1 Iwyhee, Camp. Idaho Ill Tongas, Fort, Alaska Territory 112 Totten, Fort, Dakota Territory 240 Trumbull, Fott. Connecticut 1611 Tuscaloosa, Post of, Alabama 35 Union, Fort, New Mexico 213 Vancouver, Fort, Washington Territory 113 Verde, Camp, Arizona Territory 7'J Waco, Post of, Texas 58 Wadsworth, Fort, New York Harbor 164 W adsworth, Fort, Dakota Territory 240 vt alia- Walla, Fort, Washington Territory Ill Wallace, Fort. Kansas "-'14 Winner, Camp, Oregon 116 Warren, Fort, Massachusetts 164 Warrenton, Post of, Georgia 36 Washington Arsenal, Washington, D. C 166 Washington, Fort, Maryland 167 Watertown Arsenal, Massachusetts 168 Watervliet Arsenal, New York 169 Wayne, Foil, Michigan 185 Whipple, Fort, Arizona Territory 80 Wilkins, Fort, Michigan 186 Willett's Point, Post of, New York Harbor 170 Winfiold Scott, Camp, Nevada 93 Wingate, Fort, New Mexico 215 Winthrop, Fort, Massachusetts 171 Wood, Fort, New York Harbor 172 Woleott, Fort, Rhode Island 171 Wright, Camp, California '-'4 Yerba Buena, Island, California 95 Yuma Depot, Arizona Territory - 1 Yuma, Fort, California 82 Zaiah, Fort. Kansas 216 MILITARY DIVISION OF THE SOUTH. HISTORY OF THE MILITARY DIVISION OF THE SOUTH. Tlie Military Division of the South was established March Mi, L8G9, (General Orders, No. is, Adjutant General's Office, L869,) and lias since been commanded by Major General If. W. Balleck. It originally embraced the Department of the South, composed of the States of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida; the Depart ut of Louisiana, composed of the Stales of Louisiana and Arkansas; the Department of the Cumberland, composed of the Slates of West Virginia, Tennessee, and Kentucky; the Fourth Military District, consisting of the State of Mississippi. This composition was subsequently changed as follows: On the '-'!ltli of January, 1870, the States of North Carolina and West Virginia were transferred to the Department of Virginia, and afterward to the Department of the East, in the Militarj Division of the Atlantic, On the 31st of March, Into, the Department of Louisiana was discontinued, the Slate of Louisiana being merged into the Department of Texas (created March 31, L870) and Arkansas into the Department of the Missouri. On the 26th of February, 1870, the Fourth Militarj District was discontinued and transferred to the Department of the Cumberland. The Department of the Cumberland was broken up and merged into the Department of the South June I, 1870. At this date (August, 1871) it comprehends the Departments of the South and Texas, embracing the Stales of South Carolina. ( reorgia, Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Mississippi in the I'or r. and Louisiana and Texas in the latter. DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH. POSTS DESCRIBED. Atlanta, Georgia. Augusta Arsenal, ' (eorgia. Barnett, Georgia. Barrancas, Florida. * Brunswick, Georgia. Charleston, South Carolina. Charleston Arsenal, South Carolina. Chattanooga, Tennessee. Columbia, South Carolina. Corinth, Mississippi. Fort Valley, Georgia. Grenada, Mississippi. Humboldt, Tennessee. i Iiiiiim illr, Alabama. .larks,, ii, Mississippi. Jacksonville, Alabama. Jefferson, Fort, Flui ida. Key West, Florida. 1 jebanon, Kenl ncky. Mobile, Alabama, Montgomery, AJabam i Mount Vernon Arsenal, Alabama. Nashville, Tenuessee. Natchez, M ississippi. New port Barracks, Kentucky . Pulaski, Fort, Georgia. Savannah, > Jeorgia, Suunnerville, Georgia. 1 i Barracks, Kentuck ■ Taylor, Fori , Floi ida. Tuscaloosa, AJabama. Warreutou, Georgia. POST OF ATLANTA, (McPHERSON BARRACKS,). GEORGIA. ( Established — Sec Location.) INFORMATION GIVEN B} THOMAS II. RUGER, COLONEL EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1870, COM- MANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. I ltion. — Latitude, 33° .">!' north; longitude, 7° 28' west from Washington. Elevation, 1,084 feet above low-water mark at Savannah. Drainage of post and surrounding country good ; location healthful. The post (McPherson Barracks) is situated in the citj of Atlanta, Georgia, which is the post office. The post has been maintained since lh<' war. The precise date of its establishment is not known. The earliest dale at the post is January 17, isui;. Quarters. — For a regiment of infantry ; ten company barracks, with kitchens, mess room, and laundresses' quarters to each barrack. The barracks were constructed for one hundred men each, but are of comfortable capacity for only eighty men. Each barrack-room is 27 bj 126 feet, and 15 feet high, interior measure. < >fiicers' quarters, thirty-three s< ts, including one set for surgeon and one for chaplain, in niueteen separate buildings. All barracks and quarters in good condition and repair. Store-houses. — One two-story building, 46 by 47 feet, consisting of main building of eight rooms, used for offices and quarters of mm commissioned staff, and two wings, each 29 l>\ oOJ, feet, one for quartermaster's stores ami one lor commissary stoics. One of the rooms in lower part of main building is used as a store room tor subsistence stores. One of the company barracks is at present used for quartermaster's stores, (transferred to the post from depot at Atlanta, which was discontinued October 9 of last year,) the quartermaster's storeroom proper not having sufficient capacity. Three buildings, each 1 7 A by 20 feet, used, respectively as blacksmith-shop, granary, and carpenter- shop. Stables, two buildings, each 27 by 5G feet, having sixteen stalls. Bakery, one brick building, 47 by 21 feet. Magazine, built of brick, 12 by 16 feet. All buildings at the post are of wood, except the bakery and magazine. 12 DESCBIPTiONS OF M1LITAKY POSTS AMI .STATIONS. • Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One building, consisting of main building for administration purposes, and two wings for wards. Capacity, eighteen beds, on plan issued in Circular No. -1. Surgeon General's * >ffice, series of L807. Guard house, three rooms aud fifteen cells; one room for the officer of the guard, one for guard, aud one for prisoners. Supply depots, &c. — Quartermaster's depots al Charleston, South. Carolina, and Jefferson- \ ille, Indiana ; subsistence depots at Louisville,'Kentucky, and < Jharleston, South Carolina. Sub- sistence, two months' supply kept on hand. Stores are distributed, to some extent, from tin' stores on hand to adjacent posts, uuder the direction of the chief commissary, Department of the South. Watek and w ood. — Water for daily use obtained from wells within the limits of the garrison ; quality, good. There are two cisterns for use in ease of lire: capacity, L00,000 gallons. This water can be used by steam fire engine kept at post. Wood purchased in open market at present. I \|>I LNS. — None. Mines.— N< Communications. — By the various railroads radiating from Atlanta, Georgia. Reservation. — The barracks are upon fifty-three acres of ground, leased at $1,000 per year for five years from October 1, LS67, with pri\ ilege of five more at $2,000 per year, the Government paying all taxes, and having the privilege (or its assigns) of mo^ ing buildings within limit of lease. Description op the country. — None. POST OF AUGUSTA ARSENAL, GEORGIA. (Established in 1821.) INFORMATION GIVEN i:v II. W. FLAGLER, CAPTAIN 01 OKDNANCE, AUGUS'l 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER \T fill: TIME. Location. — Latitude, 33 27'; longitude, 81° 54'. The post is situated three and a half miles from the city of Augitsta and three miles from the Savannah River. Post office at Augusta, < reorgia. Quarters. — One brick barracks, for thirty-five men, in good repair. Officers' quarters, two sets, in good repair. Store bouses. — < >ne garret room of office, w I, 30 by LC feet, for clot hiug, camp and garrison equipage. One commissary store-room, brick, 35 by 20 feet, in -ood repair. Besides the above there are store houses, shops, magazines, &C, belonging to the arsenal, and used for arsenal pur- poses. Store-house capacity for 200,000 muskets and L80 guu-carriages. Capacity of powder maga- zine, 250,000 pounds; capacity of ammunition magazine, 7,800,000 musket cartridges. Shops for repairs, steam power, &c. The arsen d is desigu ited as an ■• i.rs sn il of Construction." Hospital, guardhouse, &c. — One room, 20 by 22 feet, and dispensary, 20 by 8 feet, in an old brick building in fair repair. Guard-house, new brick building, L8 by -I feet, in -ood order. Bakery in old brick building, l.'h bj Lo feet, in good order. Supply depots, \ railroad. Sub sistence, i hree months' supply dravi n in bulk ; one month's supply kept on hand. Water and wood. — Water is hauled from a well, which is L70 feet deep, and from cisterns. fuel is supplied !>.\ contract. [NDIANS. — None. Mines. — None. COMM1 N1CATIONS.— None. Reservation.— None. Description op run country. — The arsenal is in a belt known as " Sand Hill Region ol Georgia." Soil — while sand. Timber — small yellow pirn-, and blackjack and scrub-oak under growth. Climate warm. Average spring temperature, 51 GO'; summer, 70 liii : fall, 70°; winter, ■ ■I . Rain-fall during. the year, 12.34 inches. Health of the arsenal is generally fair. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAKY POSTS AND STATIONS. 13 POST OF BARNETr, GEORGIA. (Established in 1870.) [NFORMATION GIVEN BY JACOB KLINE, CAPTAIN EIGHTEENTH [NFANTKY, APRIL, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 33 33' north; longitude, S2 C i '■'>' west from Greenwich. Post Officeand express agency at the post. The nearest telegrapb office is al Caniak, Warren County, Georgia, eleven miles east; and the nearest in a westerly direction is al Union Point Green, west-by-north, fourteen miles distant, all on the Georgia Railroad. Ql aim'f.ks. — Nunc — the officers and enlisted men live in tents. Store-hoi sj;s. — Nunc— the railroad depot, through the courtesy of Mr. ( >'Brien, railroad agent, is used tu store property pertaining to the staff departments, wit In ml cost to the Government. Hospit \i.. GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Hospital — no information given in relation to. < luard-house — common wall tent. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest depots of supply are at Atlanta, Georgia, and al Charles- ton, South Carolina. Supplies furnished bj rail. Subsistence— two mouths' supply generally on band, or drawn at one time. Water \m> wood. — Water is obtained from two well.-, and wood is obtained from the property of Mr. L. Battle, on whicb the camp is located. Wood is in inexhaustible quantities, and- obtained without cost to the Government. Indians. — None. .Minks. — None. Communications. — Willi all points, bj rail. Reservation.— None. Description of the country. — Land nearly all arable. Cotton raised in largi quantities, and wheat, oats, corn, &c, in smaller quantities. The inhabitants devote nearly all their means and energies to the staple production of the State — cotton. Health of camp good; the prevailing disease is intermittent fever. POST OF BARRANCAS, FLORIDA. (Comprising Barrancas Barracks, Fori Barrancas, and Fort Pickens. Established — see Location.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY JOHN I.. TIERNON, FIRST LIEUTENANT THIRD ARTILLERY, AUGUST, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude,30° 19'; longitude, 87° 1G'. Barrancas Barracks and Fort Barrancas are situated on the north side of the entrance to Pensacola Harbor, and Fort Pickens on the extreme west end of Santa Rosa Island ami south side of entrance to Pensacola Harbor. The sites and reservation have been occupied for military purposes since October 24, 1820, when they were ceded by Spain to the United Stales, at which time there was a small brick work, semicircular in shape, commanding the entrance to the harbor. II is still standing, and is connected by an under-ground passage with the main work, built directly behind it by the United Stales, and known as Fort Bar rancas. Warrington and Woolsey, small towns on the naval reservation, about one mile distant. are the nearest towns. Pensacola, about nine miles distant, is the text nearest. Oi arters. — Barrancas Barracks is a large three story brick building, 19G by .">n the wharf, <>o bj •'!<> feet, for hay and straw, also used as a general storeroom. Another, mo by lo feet, about 400 yards from the wharf, used as commissary and quartermaster's store-house. Ventilation very good; it stands about 1 feet from the ground. Opposite this is another of the same kind and dimensions, used as a carpenter simp; also oue 25 by 11 feet, used as a paint-shop, all in good repair. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Two frame buildings, one 150 by 22 feet, the other 90 l>y no feet. Ventilation very good, and in excellent repair ; can accommodate sixty patients. Guard- house — one of the buildings in rear til' men's barracks, built for laundresses' quarters, is used for this purpose, and does very well. Adjutant's office — one of the rooms in west end of commanding officer's quarters, IS by Hi feel. Quartermaster's office — small frame building, ■!<> by L8 feet, about 100 yards west of commanding officer's quarters, in good repair. Blacksmith shop — one-story brick building, 25 by IS feet, in good repair. Bake-house — pine building, 8G by If feet, containing three ovens, which are capable of baking five hundred loaves at once, when in good order; but two are useless, and the other, now in use, is in bad repair. Stables — two; one used by commanding officer, and near his quarters, 10 by 10 feet : carrriage-house adjoining, 1!> by 10 feet, in bad repair. The other is used by the Quartermaster's Department, is 10 by 10 feet, has accommodation for ten animals, and is in good repair. Supply depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at New Orleans, Louisiana. Supplies are transported by steamers running between New Orleans and Havana,, and generally by contract. Subsistence — three months' supplies is kept on hand. WATER AND WOOD. — The post is supplied with water carried by hand, and obtained from wells which furnish all that is required. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — Can communicate with Pensacola, either by land or water. The mail is carried between this post and Pensacola by land. Reservation. — The reservation contains about four square miles. Description of the country. — The soil is white sand, ami not fit to cultivate ; although some things have been raised tins year, iu the company garden, by using a great deal of manure, &c. Nq timber in the immediate vicinity of the post, it having, been cut during the late war. The surrounding country has considerable pine timber, and some live oak. The climate is excessively hot iu summer, but mild and delightful iu winter. Average spring temperature, 08° 76'; average winter temperature, 19°. Seasons dry. The health of the post is good. POST OF BRUNSWICK, GEORGIA.* (Established in 1870.) information given by f. i). ogilisy, captain eighth infantry, april, 1870, commanding officer at the time. Location.— Situated on the east bank of the Turtle River, al Brunswick, Georgia. Quarters.— None. In tents. Store-houses. — None. Hospital, guard house, &c. — None. Requisition made for a hospital tent — not yet arrived. Guard-house — none. • Supply depots, &c. — Nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at Charleston, South Carolina. Subsistence —two months' supply on hand. * Discoutinucil per paragraph III, S. O. No. 195, Headquarters Department of the South, Septemher 5, 1670. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 15 Water and Wood. — Well-water abundant. Wood supplied bj contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — Either by railroad or water. Reservations. — None. Description of toe country.— None. POST ()F CHARLESTON. SOUTH CAROLINA. (Established in 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY JOHN R. EDTE, lieutenant colonel eighth INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1H70, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — North latitude, 32° 15'; longitude, 7!» 50' west from Greenwich. Quarters. — The officers and enlisted men occupy as quarters a brick building, said to belong to the State of .Smith Carolina. It was used as a military academy before the rebellion, and for military purposes by the rebel government during its existence. <>n the arrival of the United States troops in Charleston this buildiug, known as the Citadel, was occupied by them, and has been thus held to the present time. The main building is rectangular, three stories high, 160 by 108 feet, with an open area inside the buildiug L32 by <>o feet. There arc stoops or balconies on the second and third stories, running ou all sides of this area. There were two rectangular wings attached to this building, one of which (with the exception of the wails) was destroyed by fire on the 31st of October, 1869 ; the other is still standing and furnishes good quarters for the men. having capacity to quarter two hundred and fifty men. The officers' quarters are in the main building, and the laundresses are quartered in a rented building within fifty paces. Store-houses.— The store-houses are in the first story of the main building, the commissary occupying two large rooms and the post quartermaster one. Eospital, guard-house, &c. — A frame building, built by the Government, one story, 90 by 25 feet, with space for about twenty patients. The guard-house is in the first or lower story of the main building, and uses three good-sized rooms — two for prisoners and one for the guard. On the south side of the second and third stories of the main building are the officers' quarters ; and on the north side are the headquarters, quartermaster and commissary offices, and two rooms used as a dispensary. Supply depots, &c — A depot of quartermaster supplies is located in this city; and, until recently, a commissary depot also. The latter has been recently discontinued, and subsistence supplies are. now drawn in bulk from New York. Subsistence— three months' supply is kept on hand. Water and wood. — Water is supplied h\ cisterns, the garrison using two, the joint capacity of which is about 35,000 gallons. When there is any scarcity, the depot quartermaster furnishes water in tanks. Indians. — No Indians nearer than the extreme northwest county of the State : a few Catawahs are in that region. Mines. — None. Communications. — In all directions, by rail and steamer. Reservation. — None. Description of the country. — The country is low and flat, soil sandy; principal produc- tions, com and cotton. Plenty of timber within a \\'\v miles of the post and city, belonging to private owners. All lumber used must be purchased, the Government having no reserved land. The only- ground used is the square on which the buildings used are erected, and that is used for a parade and drill ground. It contains about eight acres. Climate in winter is mild and pleasant. In summer it is hot. The hot weather commences in May and continues until October. The temperature in summer seldom falls below 80°, frequently rising to 96°. In winter it ranges from 35° to 40°. The population of the city is believed to be about 40,000. 16 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. POST OF CHARLESTON ARSENAL, SOUTH CAROLINA. (Established in 1836.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY s. C. LYFORD, CAPTAIN OF ORDNANCE, AUGUST, 1870, COMMANDING OFFK I R AT THE TIME. Location. — North latitude, 32 c 46'; longitude, 79° 57' west from Greenwich. Situated within the corporate limits of the city of Charleston, South Carolina, near the left bank of the Ashley River, bounded south by Doughty street, west by Presidenl street, north by Bee street, and easl l>y Ashley street. Posl office, Charleston, South Carolina. The quarters, grounds, &c, are lighted by gas obtained from city gas-works. Quarters. — One brick buildingfor barracks, two stories high, 78 bj 2SJ feet, seven rooms, accommodates fifty men: kitchen ami bakery attached. Three small wooden buildings, originally intended for laboratories, respectively 5GJ by l.v,, is by is, and H» by It) feel ; two occupied as quarters and one as a bath-house. Brick barracks in good condition. < (fficers' quarters — one brick building two stories high, 125 bj 40 feet, in good condition. Store-houses. — One brick building, three stories high, 125 by 40 feet, in good repair. One brick building, two stories high, 104 by 54J feet, good. One brick building, two stories high, 80 by 3G feet, with two wings, one story high, each li'>! by 36 feet. Main building good ; wingsinbad condition. One wooden building, one story high, 160 by 32 feet, in good repair. One wooden building, one story high, 80 by 3S feet, fair, temporary. One powder magazine and wall, brick, one sloiy high, iii good condition. < >ne office, brie!;, one story high, 90 by It) feet, with store ro s for subsistence and quartermaster's stores, all in good repair. One wagon-house, wood, one story high, .".!>A by21 J feet, good. One stable, brick, two stories high, 37^ by 33 feet, good. One engine- house, wood, circular, 25J feel in diameter, good. Three privies, i of brick and two of wood. Bospital. guard house, &c. — Noiie at post. Medical attendance is furnished by the Medical Department, a contracl surgeon being in attendance daily. Sick are treated in quarters, or when necessary, are sent to infantry hospital at Citadel. Guard-house — situated at main entrance, one story high, of wood. :_'<> by 1!) feet, in good condition. Supply depots, &c. — Quartermaster's and subsistence depots are in the city of < lharleston, and have no connection with this post. Subsistence for enlisted men is drawn monthly. Water \\i> wood. — There are al ike arsenal three cisterns, wilh a capacity of 54,000 gallons. Wood is famished from the Quartermaster's Department al Charleston. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communication. — With all parts ok the country bj railroad and telegraph. Reservation. — Arsenal ground of 11* acres, owned by the United Slates, inclosed by a wall on which is a pine picket fence, in exceedingly bad order. Description op the country.— Atmosphere generally very moist. POST OF CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE. [Established some time during the last war.) INFORMATION GIVES BY .1. S. CONRAD, CAPTAIN SECOND INFANTRY, AUGUST, L870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — The present barracks were constructed and occupied by troops during the month 'it August, 1st 17. and are situated about one mile from the town of < JhattanOOga, near the National Cemetery, and two miles from the Tennessee River. Quarters. — For two companies. Quarters for the men, one frame buildiug two stories high, much out of repair. Kitchens and mess rooms in two separate buildings, in fair condition. The DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 17 quarters for the company officers are small frame buildings. One se( more is required to complete the. allowance for the officers of two companies, and kitchens arc required lor two of the other sets. There arc no quarters for a post surgeon. Store-houses. — < >ne building, containing two rooms 50 bj Hi ami 16 by tl.J feet, for commis- sary stores, ami one building containing two rooms 20 by 16 ami 25 b\ IS feet, lor quartermaster's stores. The quartermaster's storehouse is inadequate, ami much out of repair. Hospital, <:;i AKK-iioisi;, &c. — A frame building, one story, one ward; accommodations lor eight patients. Guard-house, a frame building, one room lor guard, ami one Tor prisoners. There is a shed stable for twenty live horses, open on one side, with a granary ami saddle i oom attached. There is also a quartermaster's stable for eight mules, with a carpenter shop attached. The black- smith shop is a small shed by itself. There are three sets of laundresses' quarters in one building. SUPPLY DEPOTS, &C. — Are Louisville, Kentucky, and Atlanta, Georgia. The supplies arc transported by railroad. Subsistence, three months* supply kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water bj one well, and a cistern, for drinking purposes. The main supply is hauled from the Tennessee River, or from a spring one mile from the post. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — Between posl and nearest town, private. Reservation. — There are about twenty acres occupied bj the garrison, for which no rent is paid. Description of the country. — A good garden is comprised within the limits of the garrison. The health of the post is good. POST OF COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA. (Established in 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY J. V. BOMFORD, COLONEL EIGHTH INFANTKY, Al Gl ST, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 34 north: longitude, 81 west from Greenwich. The post is situated on the outskirts of the citj of Columbia, South Carolina, on the east bank of the Congaree River. Post office at the post. QUARTERS. — For three hundred and twentj men, three one-storj wooden buildings, in good condition. A one-story wooden building, formerly used as quarters for the garrison, has been converted into laundresses' quarters, and contains twelve rooms I I by 25 feet each. There arc no officers' quarters belonging to the Government at the post, buildings (private houses) being rented for that purpose. Store-houses. — A one-storj w leu building, SO by ■"><> feet, < sisting of one r u, .!(» bj 13 feet, for grain;one room 30 by 13 feet, for clothing, camp and garrison equipage; and one r 50 by .".0 feet, for subsistence stores. In good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &C. — One wooden building, rented by the Government, which has accommodation for forty patients. Guard-house, one wooden building, one story, consisting ol two rooms, in good condition. Four wooden buildings, in good condition, used respectively as forage- shed, bake house, library, and carpenter shop. The buildingused for the headquarters of the post is also used for the headquarters of (he Eighth United States Infantry, and is a private house rented by the Government. SUPPLY depots, &c — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at Charleston. South Carolina, one hundred and thirty miles distant. Communication by railroad. Subsistence, three months' supply is generally kept on hand. The post quartermaster has eight mules and two wagons in his charge, for the transportation of supplies, &c. 18 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Wateb and w cm id. —The post is supplied with water from the city, at a cost of $25 per month. Wood is supplied by contract at $5 per cord. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — To all parts by railroad. Kr.si'.i;\ A.TION. — None. Description of the country.— The city of Columbia, South Carolina, on the outskirts of which the camp is situated, is the capital of the State of South Carolina, and has a population of aboul ten thousand inhabitants. POST OF CORINTH ,♦ MISSISSIPPI. * (Established in 1867.) „ INFORMATION GIVEN BY J. S. FLETCHER, JR., CAPTAIN SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, JULY, 1870, COMMAND- ING OFFICES AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 30° 50' 27" north ; longitude, 11 33' 20" west from Washington. The post is situated one mile southeast of the junction of the Mobile and < Ihioand Memphis ami ( Iharles- ton Railroads. < Jorinth, Mississippi, at the junction of the roads above mentioned, is the nearest town and the post office. QUARTERS. — for one hundred and fifty men, two rough hoard buildings without ceiling, in good repair, one building used as quarters for present garrison, and the ether as hospital, i \ ide Hospital, &c.) One detached kitchen, used by present garrison. There are no officers' quarters, built as such at the post. Store-houses. — One rough hoard building, 60 by 30 feet, containing one room, used for commissary and quartermaster's stores, and with capacity for containing six months' supply for present garrison. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One rough hoard building, formerly used as quarters for troops, in good repair ; accommodation for twelve patients. One portion is pari itioned off. and used as post librarj ami company storeroom. Guard-house, built of rough hoards, in good repair, partitioned so as to form one cell, one prison room, and one room tor the guard. One building, erected h\ older of the district commander, and intended as a hospital. Main portion two stories high, well made in all respects, and in good repair. If used as a hospital, it would accommodate torly patients. One rough board building, formerly a kitchen, since used as a hospital, and now, with the larger building above referred to. used as officers' quarters, four buildings in corral, used as stables, forage house, blacksmith shop, and laundresses' quarters. All the buildings al the post are of wood, and (except the stables and forage house) are in good repair. Si ri'l.S DEPOTS, vVC — Since the 1'ourth Military District was discontinued, supplies have been drawn from Louisville, Kentucky, from which point they are usually transported by rail. Subsistence, three months" supply is obtained at a time. WATia: AND WOOD. — The post is supplied with water from springs near the garrison ; the water is hauled in wagons. There is an artesian well at the post, but the water is not lit for cook ing purposes. Wood is supplied by contract. INDIANS. — 'the nearest Indians are a few families of the ( 'lierokees and Choctaw tribes, semi civilized and migratory, generallj resident in (he central part of the State. Mines. — None. Communication. -Regular aud ample: in all directions by rail. • RESERVATION. — The post occupies about twenty macs of land, which is rented from tie' owners al $30 per i ith. Description of the country.— This post is located on an elevated spot, overlooking the town of Corinth, Mississippi. The land slopes east aud west from the center, affording ample Discontin 1 per paragraph [II, S. 0. No, I i i- 1 1 ulq ts Department of the South, Julj la. 1870. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 19 drainage. Aboul two acres of the lot are sel a pail as a company garden, the whole, of which is under cultivation, and promises an abundant supply of vegetables for the company during the ensuing season. The timber in this vicinitj is such as is generally found in this latitude, oak, hickory, ash, and ether hard woods being abundant. The crops raised are mainly corn and cot rem. to the latter of which the soil is especially adapted. A national cemeterj is located about two hundred yards north of the camp. It contains an area of about twenty-five acres ; and there are nearly six thousand Federal dead buried there, I he greater portion of whom are unknown. ( llimate mild; seasons of average moisture. A\ erage spring temperature, 59 : average \\ inter temperature, 43°. Healtb of the post very good. POST OF FORT VALLEY, GEORGIA/ (Established in 1*70.) INFORMATION GIVEN \'.\ EDGAH R. KELLOGG, CAPTAIN EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1370, COM- MANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — No information given in relation to. QUARTERS. — In tents, officers and men. Store houses. — Wall-tent. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Wall-tents. St rpLY DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Atlanta, Georgia, distant 132 miles. Subsistence — one month's supply kept on hand. Water and wood.— The post is supplied with water from the neighboring wells. Wood is purchased as required. Indians!. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — By •• Southwestern " Ltailroad. Reservation. — None. Description of the country Excellent agricultural district: soil sandy; climate warm. The health of the post is fair. CAMP AT GRENADA, MISSISSIPPI. (Established .lul,\ 1 I. I860.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY II. A. THEAKER, CAPTAIN SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, APRIL, 1670, ( OMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude.:;.") 50' th; longitude, S9° 50' west from Greenwich. Post office in the town of Grenada, Mississippi. The camp is situated on the south bank of, ami one mile from, the Yallabiisha River. Its location is southeast of the town of Grenada, one mile from the public square. The town is situated at the junction of the Mississippi and Tennessee with the .Mississippi Central Railroad, one hundred miles south of Memphis, Tennessee, and two hundred and ninety- three miles north of New Orleans, Louisiana. Qi \i,"ir.i;s. — For four companies of infantry, consisting of four barrack buildings, 110 by 30 feet, and 12 feet high in the clear, with 11.' feet heigh! of gable. A mess room and kitchen in rear of each barrack. 40 by i' 1 feet, heighl II feet, with gable height of 5 feet. Six sets of laundresses' * Discontinued per paragraph IV. S. O. 184, Headquarters Department "l the South, August -j:;. l«70. 20 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. quarters, 16 by 20 feet. There arc no officers' quarters af the post, private houses adjacent to the garrison being rented for thai purpose. Store houses. — There are no store-houses proper at the [lost. One of the barracks, with its kitchen, is used as a store-house, and is adequate for the present garrison. One end of the bar- rack is used as a library, reading-room, and school room, and a portion of the kitchen as a butcher- shop. The stable, located about LOO yards south of the garrison inclosure, 168 by 36 feet, lias stalls for fifty animals, a room for the ambulance, a harness room, ami a granarj in the center, 22 by 36 feet. In the loft is sufficient capacity for all the ha\ and straw consumed at the post. Adjoining the stable is a building, 20 by 30 feet, used as a saddler's shop, quarters for teamsters, hostlers, &c, and a store-house lor lime. Hospital, Guard house, &c. — A private dwelling adjacent to the camp is rented for a hos- pital, ami has accommodations for twenty-five patients. Guard-house — 34 by 15 feet, has a guard- room 13 by L5 feet, a prison-room 13 by 15 feci, and one room, 8 bj 15, containing two cells. A small ti ol house, in by 10 feet, adjoins the guard-house. A building, 70 by 20 feet, is used as the offices of the commanding officer, the adjutant, quartermaster and commissary, and the commissary store and printing office, 'the carpenter and blacksmith shops are in a building 20 by 50 feet; and the bakery is one 16 by 30 feet. All the Government buildings at the post arc frame, built of yellow pine, inclosed by a substantial fence, and are in excellent repair. They were commenced in 18(17, and completed in 1869, having been constructed entirely bj the enlisted men of the com- mand. Suppi/y DEPOTS, &C. — Supplies are furnished from Louisville, Kentucky, and from New Orleans. Louisiana. The routes of supply are from Louisville by river to .Memphis, Tennessee; thence to Grenada, .Mississippi, by Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad, or by rail to Humboldt, Tennessee, and thence by Mississippi Central to Grenada; from New Orleans, by New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad, to Canton, Mississippi, and thence by Mississippi Central Railroad to Grenada. Subsistence — three months' supply is generally kept on hand. WATEB AND WOOD. — The troops are supplied with water from two wells in the camp, and the animals from a well near the stable. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — Mississippi and Tennessee and Mississippi Central Railroads. Reservation. — The ground on which the camp is established belongs to private parties. It consists of about thirteen acres, and is under parole lease to the Government for such length of time as it may lie desired, at an annual rent of $90. Description of the country.— Character of surrounding country, analogous to that of upland counties of the State; greater portion cultivated ; along the river and creeks, "hummock," oi' second bottom, timbered with post, willow, water, chestnut white, and white oaks, hickory, black jack, and Spanish oaks, cypress, and pine. Garden soil excellent; grass in open, unculti- vated parts, sedge (Cypuac(e) in great quantities, the Ci/perus phymatodes being especially trouble- some. Stilus pangits is used for rush-bottomed chairs. Bottom-lands contain an abundance of large cane, willow, alder, and a species of stunted palm. Crab-grass (Panicum sanguinale) also abounds. Soil— yellow loam, orange sand, similar to that of a greater portion of Mississippi and Tennessee River overflows during the latter part of w inter months — fordable during the remain- der of the year. Climate mild : winter damp, summer dry. Average winter temperature, 45° 77'; spring, 64° 66'; s mer, 71° 77'; autumn, .63° Id'. Health of the post good; much better than among resident citizens. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY: POSTS AND STATIONS. 21 POST OF HUMBOLDT, TENNE 3E1 Established April, LSG7.J INFROMATION GIVEN BY 1). M. VANCE, CAPTAIN SIXTEENTH IN! \\!U, ' i OMMANDING I iFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 35 5G' north ; longitude west from Greenwich, 89 . The post is situated one halt' mile north of the town of Humboldt, Tennessee. Post office in Humboldt. Qi arters. — One frame building, 320 by •">!> feet, containing quarters for one hundred soldiers. Part of building used as carpenter's shop and laundresses' quarters. Condition, fair. ••Hirers' quarters — one frame building, 90 by 32 feet, containing twelve rooms. Condition, fair. Store houses. — < >ne frame building, 70 \>\ 25 feet, for quarterui md commissarj stores. Condition fair. One frame building 30 by 10 feet; condition, fair. One frame building 11 by 12 feet, containing I wo rooms, used as adjutant's and quartermaster's offices. < >nc frame building, 12 b\ 20 feet, used as baken ; condition of building fair j of bake oven, bail. Hospital, guard house, &c. — Frame building, 52 l>y 20 feet. Accommodation for ten patients. Condition of dispensary and ward, good. Guard-house — frame building, 16 by l'1 feet, contaiiiing.two rooms for prisoners, and one room for guard; condition fair. Suppli depots, &c. — Quartermasters' and commissary stores are received by rail IV Louis- ville, Kentucky, and Jeffersonville, Indiana. Subsistence — six weeks' supply kept on hand. Water \ni> wood. — The post receives its supply of water from a well in camp. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — Function of Mobile and Ohio Railroad, and Louisville and Memphis Kail- road, at Humboldt, Tennessee. Reservation. — Ten acres leased for use of, and occupied by, the post. Description of the country. — Staple articles, cotton ami corn. Considerable timber land in the vicinity of the post. Soil, sandy. A small river about two miles west of post. Climate. variable. Seasons, variable. Average spring temperature, 50 : average summer temperature, 7S C ; average winter temperature, 36°. Health of the post, good. The town of Humboldt contains about twelve hundred inhabitants. POST <)K HUNTSVILLE, (THOMAS BARRACKS,.) ALABAMA (Established in 1367.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY S. W. CRAWFORD, COLONEL SECOND INFANTRY, OCTOBER, 1870, COMMAND- ING OFFICER AT Tilt: TIME. Location. — The post is situated two and a half miles northeast of the city of Huutsville, Alabama. QUARTERS. — For two hundred men ; two frame buildings, (new.) in good condition. Officers' quarters, seven sets, (new,) and in good condition. One rented house in the town of Huntsville, used as quarters of Colonel Crawford, regimental staff, and regimental headquarters. Stoke-iiouses. — One building, containing one room 28| by 50£ feet, for quartermasters' stores; one room 28g by 50J feet, for commissary stores, and tour rooms used as post headquar- ters, adjutant's office, and offices of post quarter master and acting commissary of subsistence. HOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C — One frame building, (new.) in good condition, occupied since July 7, 1870 ; acc< todates twelve patients, with an allowance of 950 cubic feet of space each. Guard-house — temporary arrangement, two hospital tents, with woodeu frames. 22 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Supply depots, &c. — The quartermaster supplies arc received from Atlanta, Georgia, < !harles- tou, South Carolina, and Jeffersonville, Indiana; aud the coinuiissarj supplies from Atlanta, Georgia, and Louisville, Kentucky. The route of supply is by the Memphis ami Charleston Rail- road, running from Memphis, Tennessee, to Ste\ euson, Alabama, and its «-im ihm-( inns, viz, at 1 >eca- tnr, Alabama, with the Decatur and Nashville Railroad, and at Stevenson, Alalia in a. with the < 'hatta- i ga and Northwestern Railroad. Subsistence — three mouths' supply is generally kept on hand. Water and "wood. — The post is supplied with water from spring in the vicinity, and with wood l»y contract. Indians. — None. Muses.— None. Communic \ in ins. — By i he United States mails per the Memphis and Charleston Railroad aud its connections, viz, the Nashville and Decatur Railroad, at Decatur, Alabama, and the Chatta- nooga and Northwestern Railroad, at Stevenson, Alabama. Reservation. — None. Twenty-five acres of land rented. Description of the country. — Hilly; soil sandy; climate mild. POST OF JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI. (Established in 186(3.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY JAMES KELLY, CAPTAIN SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, APRIL. 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 32 30' north; longitude, '.'•' 1' west from Greenwich. The post is situated west of, and adjoining the corporate limits of the city of Jackson, Mississippi, and about one mile from Pearl River. Post office at Jackson, Mississippi. Qi arters — For three companies — one building 'M^ feet long; another 150 feet long, in good condition. Officers' quarters— six sets, frame, ami in good repair. Store-houses. — One building for quartermaster's ami commissary stores; forage-rooin, with capacity for three thousand bushels. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One frame building : accommodation for twenty-five patients. Guard-house — built of logs; two rooms for prisoners, one for the guard, ami one for the officer of the guard; six rooms adjoining stables, used as r ns for employes, laundresses, and carpenter shop. Blacksmith shop — one frame building. All buildings, except that occupied by the command- ing officer, ami the adjutant's office, were built by the Government. SUPPLY DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster ami subsistence depots are at New Orleans, Louisiana. The route of supply is by rail, open at all seasons. Supplies generally transported by weight. Subsistence — two months' supply generally kepi on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from cisterns and the Pearl River, hauled in tanks about one mile. Wood supplied by contract. Indians.— None. Minks. — None. Communications. — None. Reservation. — The ground upon which the post is situated, together with the quarters for the commanding officer, and the post garden, is rented at $200 per month. Description of the country.— Land arable ami fertile; soil, sandy. Climate, variable. Average spring temperature, 70° ; 'average winter temperature, 52°. The health of the post is excellent iii the fall, w inter, ami spring; duriug the latter part of summer, malarious diseases, such as intermittent fevers, &c., prevail. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 23 POST OT JACKSONVILLE, ALABAMA.* (Established in 1870.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY J. S. CONRAD, CAPTAIN SECOND INFANTRY, APRIL, 1870, COMMANDING OFFI- CER AT THE TIME. Location. — On the Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad, fifty miles from Rome. Quarters. — A building is hired for the quartering of the men. The officers live at a hotel. STORE-norsES. — One building containing one room, 40 by -~> feet, also used as office. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One hospital tent, regulation size. The guard and prisoners are quartered in tents. Supply depots, &c. — Supplies are furnished from Atlanta, Georgia, and Chattanooga, Ten nessee. Subsistence, none on hand; one month estimated for. Water and wood. — Water is supplied from a fine spring. Wood is purchased in open market. Indians. — None. Mines. — Coal mines. ( lOMMUNICATIONS. — By railroad. Reservation. — None. Description of the country. — The town is beautifully situated in a valley about three miles in width, on high ground, and contains twelve hundred inhabitants, ('mod crops of cotton, corn, and wheal are raised in the vicinity. The climate is mild, and the health of the pest is excellent. FORT JEFFERSON, GARDEN KEY, IHJY TORTUGAS, FLORIDA. (Established in L84G.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY A. A. GIBSON, LIEUTENANT COLONEL THIRD ARTILLERY, OCTOBER, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 24° 37' 44" north: longitude, 82 c 52' I'll" west from Greenwich. Post office at Key West, Florida, which is the nearest town, distant sixty-four miles, east. Quarters. — The men are now quartered in casemates, and in one section of the unfinished soldiers' barracks. Six companies can be quartered here af the present time. There are eighteen sets of officers' quai'ters, all in one large three-story brick building, not entirely finished. Storehouses. — The store rooms of the Quartermaster's Department and Ordnance Depart- ment are all in casemates on the first and second tiers. The Commissary Department has two iarge rooms in the soldiers' barracks, and two casemates, for store rooms. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — The hospital is in the soldiers' barracks — accommodation for twenty patients. A yearly supply of medicine from New York on hand. Guard-house — in two casemates. Supply depots, &c. — Supplies are generally received from New York in the Quartermaster's Department, and from Baltimore in the Commissarj Department, by water. Ordnance stores received from arsenals. Subsistence — three months' supply generally on hand. Water and wood. — There are two steam-condensers in working order, capable of condensing T.niid gallons of sea-water daily. A large supply of rain-water. Wood — bought in open market in Key West, Florida. Indians. — None. Minks. — None. ' Discontinued by virtue of paragraph II. S. O. No. 121, Headquarters Department of the South, June 13, 1870, 24 DESCEIPTIONS OF MILITAEY POSTS AND STATIONS. Communications.— Between this post and Key West, Florida, bj tlie United States schooner Matchless, l t8 tons, (new measurement.) Reservation. — None. Description of the country.— Garden Key, on which the fori is built, is one of the Tortugas group of keys. The entire group is made up of coral and coral sand. The group consists of eight keys, which arc small islets, varying in area from a half to twenty acres, and embraced in the circumference of a circle the radius of which is aboul three miles. The mean summer temper- ature is 81° 73', and the mean winter temperature 71 ' 05', making the yearly mean 7fi (>!)'. This post is healthy, and if ever yellow fever exists hereat, it max be assumed to be by violation of a propel' quarantine. I!\ reason of its inaccessibility, its maintenance is comparatively costly and inconvenient. The atmospheric influence is destructive In supplies, and a severe tax upon the garrison. KEY WEST BARRACKS, FLORIDA. (Established about the year 1832.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY T.W.SHERMAN, COLONEL THIRD ARTILLERY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 24° 32' 58" north; longitude, west from Greenwich, 81° 48' 7". Post office — Key West, Florida. Situated on the north shoreof the island of Key West, and about one mile from the center of the city of the same name. Quarters. — For two companies, say one hundred and fifty men — composed of two frame buildings, just put in excellent repair. Officers' quarters — five frame buildings, all alike in character and dimensions, containing each two assignable rooms and kitchen, and two large attic rooms; now all being placed in excellent repair. Laundresses' quarters — one frame building very old and dilapidated, containing lour double rooms, to be torn down and replaced by a frame build- ing containing eight rooms with allies for uon commissioned staff and laundresses. Store-houses. — Onestone building, containing two rooms, 64 by 29 feet, used as commissary store, and one 15 1>\ 29 feet, as quartermaster's store. A frame building of about the same dimen- sions is about being erected lor a quartermaster's store-house. One stable — old frame building — capable of accommodating twelve horses, ami storing a sufficient supply of provender, is about being pu1 in a good slate of repair. Hospital, guard-house, &C. — Frame building, just put in excellent repair: accommodation tor twenty eight patients. Guard house — stone building, two rooms lor guard, one room and cells lor prisoners, just put in good repair. Observatory on lop of building, for use in signal practice. A frame building is about being erected for carpenters and blacksmith's simps, and bakery, to replace old rotten sheds now used for those purposes. Supply depots, &c. — Post supplied from various sources — formerlj from depot at New Orleans — now mostlj bj purchasing commissary in Baltimore. About two months' subsistence kept on hand. Forage supplied sometimes from New Orleans, sometimes from I '.all imore, and now i 'c generally by purchase in open market in Ke\ West, according lo circumstances. Water ami wood. — Water in abundance from numerous cisterns at the barracks. Wood by purchase in open market in Key West. Indians. — None near the post. A few remaining in the interior of the peninsula, beyond immediate reach. Nothing ever heard of them, except that they now remain in a state of universal quiet . Minks. — None reported. Commi Mc\ i [ONS. — All by water. A bi mouthh mail line of steamers between Baltimore and New Orleans, touching at ke\ West. A wcekh mail line between New York and New Orleans via Havana, which leases its Kej West mail in Havana. A weeklj mail line between New Orleans and Havana, touching at Key West. This last is the communication with the head- DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATION'S. 25 quarters of the division and department : and being coastwise, requires fifteen days on an average to communicate with these headquarters. There is, besides, a weeklj line of steamers between New York and Galveston. Texas, touching at Key West, which voluntarily renders some mail facilities with New York more immediate than any other. The communication with Fort Jefferson, Florida, is by the United States schooner Matchless, owned and sailed by the quarter- masters' department. Stores now for that post are landed at Key West, and taken up by this transport. Reservation. — Twenty acres, some fourteen of which were deeded to the United States in 18.'!.'>; and eight acres in 1837. Description or the country. — Tins station is on an island aboul five miles in length and one mile in breadth — said island being one of a chain of a multitude of keys of coral formation — extending from near Cape Florida to the Tortugases. Not vegetable soil enough yet upon this formation for any extensive tillage — l>ut few inches anywhere — and in many places the bare rock is exposed. Climate of a tropical character — average winter temperature, 7."> 27'; average summer temperature, 86° 5'; health of the posl generally good for strong constitutions, except in seasons of epidemic — the yellow lever making its appearance, on an average, aboul everj alternate year. For weakly constitutions the climate is entirely too enervating. POST OF LEBANON, KENTUCKY. (Established September 2G, L868.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY T. E. ROSE, CAPTAIN SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, A.UGUST, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 37° 50'; longitude, 85° west from Greenwich. The post is situated immediately in the town of Lebanon, Kentucky, (which contains about five hundred inhabitants,) five miles north of Rolling Fork, on the Knowille branch of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. Quarters.— One building, 100 by 30 by 12 feet, for men's quarters. One building, 56 by 20 by 10, for company mess-room and kitchen. Officers' quarters — one building, 60 by 30 bj 12 feet. All of the above built of wood, and in good condition. Store-houses. — One building, 60 by l'(» by 12 feet, containing threerooms for quartermaster stores, commissary stores, and office. One building, 10 by 16 by 10 feet, used as granary — capacity, 800 bushels. One building, 30 by 30 by 10 feet, used as forage-room. All built of wood, and in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c — One building, 20 by 22 by 12 feet; accommodations for six patients. Guard-house— one building, 24 by 10' by 10 feet. One building, 42 by 14 by 10 feet, used as blacksmith, carpenter, and saddler shops. One building, 26 by 16 by 10 'feet, used as bake- house. One building, 150 by 30 by 10 feet, used as stable. All built of wood, and in -cod condi- tion. Supply depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Jeffersonville, Indiana, distant sixty-seven miles. The route of supply is by the Kuoxville branch of the Louis. ville and Nashville Railroad. Subsistence — three months' supply is kept on band. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from one large well of spring-water two tanks and a large cistern. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians.— None. Mines. — Nearest mines known are the coal mines on the Kanawha. Communications. — By railroad to Mt. Vernon, Louisville, and Nashville. Reservation. — This post is not on any reservation. The ground on which the post is situated contains about four acres, and is rented by the United States at $12 per month. Description of the country. — Except on the high knobs, which lie in the vicinity of Rolling Fork and its branches, the land everywhere in the vicinity of this post is in a good state 4 26 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. of cultivation, and the soil is of the finest quality. It produces corn, wheat, rye, oats, and tobacco in great abundance. Apples, pears, peaches and plums groM also in great abundance. The stock (particularly cattle and mules, which are raised in great numbers) is very fine. In the latter part of summer the springs in the vicinity of this posi become dry, and the water generally tails: whenever this is the ease water must be obtained from Rolling Fork, a distance of five miles. No record of t lie average temperature is kept at this post. The health at this posi is the very best. POST OF MOBILE, ALABAMA. (Established in 1866.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY T. C. ENGLISH, LIEUTENANT COLONEL SECOND INFANTRY, APRIL, 1870, COM- MANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 30° 42'; longitude, 88° 1'. The camp is situated within the limits of the city of Mobile, Alabama, on the west bank, and about one mile distant from Mobile River. The. site is slight!} elevated above the water level. (.">(» feet.) but sufficiently so for the purpose of drainage. Quarters. — Tor two hundred men — two two-story pine buildiugs. shingled roof, not lathed and plastered, but in good repair. .The ground floor of each building is used for offices, store- rooms, dining-rooms, and kitchen. The upper floor is divided into two rooms each— each 50 by 42 by l.'SJ, feet, occupied as barrack -rooms. Two smaller buildings in rear, consisting of eight rooms 11.] by 15 feet each, in good repair, are assigned to the use of laundresses. Officers' quar- ters — three pine buildings, (each containing four sets of captains' quarters under the Regulations.) shingled roof, lathed and plastered, and in good repair. All of these buildings are well lighted and ventilated. Store-houses. — One pine building, containing two rooms, IS by 18 and 22 by 17 feet, for quartermaster's stores; and two rooms, L".i by 22 and is by 20 fed. for commissary stores, in good repair. One cellar, :>!> by L'l feet, for commissary use. HOSPITAL, GUARD HOUSE, &C. — < >lie two story pine building, shingled root, lal lied and plastered throughout, well ventilated and lighted and in good repair. Accommodation for fifty patients. Guard-house — one pine building, divided into one guard room, two prison looms, and two cells — all sufficiently secure, roomy, well lighted and well ventilated. Two detached one story pine build- ings, in good repair: one is used for the adjutant's office, post library, and reading-room — a small room partitioned off at one end serving indifferently well as a magazine. The other building is used as a blacksmith and carpenter shop. One detached one story building, with loft, used as a stable. Si I'i'i.v depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at New Orleans, Louisiana, one hundred and seventy five miles distant. The route of supply IS bj water, open at all seasons. Supplies shipped bj depot quartermaster at New < (rleans. Subsistence — two months' supply is generally Kept on hand. \\ vit.i: and WOOD. — The post is supplied with water for drinking bj one common and eight driven wells, the latter driven loan average depth of 35 feet. Water fair but slighth brackish. There ai e also eight cisterns, nf an average capacity of 1,200 gallons. Wood is supplied by con tract. Indians. — There is a remnant of the Choctaw tribe in the vicinity, numbering about one hun- dred men, women, and children. Minks. — None. Commi nications.— "Within the eit\ limits. Reservation.— None. Description of the country.— The ground upon which the barracks are built is leased tor DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 27 five years, with privilege ofreuewal. There are also four acres of ground leased jointly by the two companies at the post, and under cultivation the year round. It affords the I roups a liberal supply et all the garden vegetables. Climate uiild; seasons dry. Average spring temperature, 73°- average n inter temperature, 51 . The health of the post is good ; malaria is the ascribed cause of one-hall' the sickness of the inhabitants of thesurrouuding country. POST OF MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. (Established April, 1 366.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY P. T. SWAYNE, MAJOR SECOND INFANTRY, APRIL, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 32° 23'; longitude, from Greenwich, 8C 30'. Posl office at the post. The post is situated on the east (left) bank of the Alabama River, and about a mile from the water. Qi ARTERS. — The tents are raised on boxes. The officers reside in rented buildings in the vicinity. Store bouses. — None. Bospital, guard-hotjse, &0. — A rented building. Accommodation lor sixteen or twenty patients. Guard-house — a temporary building of two rooms, in tin' camp, one for the guard and the other is a prison room ; built of upright boards, battened. Supply depots, &c. — New Orleans and Atlanta. Subsistence— two months' supply generally kept on hand. Water and wood. — Hauled in wagons from the artesian basins of the town, hall' a mile dis- tant. Wood purchased at the post ; sometimes by contract and at other times in open market. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. COMMi NICATIONS.— By rail and liver. Reservation. — None. Description of the Country. — Excellent land for agriculture; an exceedingly rich and fer- tile soil, unsurpassed in the production of cotton. Climate — mild in winter; very hot in summer. Temperature in summer constantly between 90' and loo , and sometimes higher, opinions vary greatly regarding the healthiness of the locality. The health of the troops is about as good as in other tow ns in the South situated on the coast or in river valleys. The Alabama River is navigable to this point for the largest steamers. POST OF MT. VERNON ARSENAL, ALABAMA. (Established January 1, 1829.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY VV. 11. REXFORD, CAPTAIN AND MILITARY STORE-KEEPER, ORDNANCE DEPART- MENT, AUGUST, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 31 ' 12'; longitude, 11° .V, west from Washington. Situated on the wast bank of the Mobile River, three miles therefrom. Post office at the post. .Mobile is the nearest town of any importance, and is twenty-nine miles distant by land and forty-five miles b\ river. QUARTERS. — The barracks are for a detachment of forty men, are built of brick, and arc in good condition. Two sets of officers' quarters, built of brick. Store-houses. — One brick building, three stories high, 120} by 40} feet, for storing ordnance and ordnance stores. Four brick shops, 50 by .">'• feet, at present used for storing ammunition, iVe. Three brick laboratories of the following dimensions, viz: 15 by 2 1 feet, 38 by 23 feet, 27} by 184 28 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. feet, and one frame laboratory, 28J l>y ISA feet, used for storing fixed ammunition, &c. One maga- zine, (large,) of brick, 89 by 39J, feet, and one magazine, (small,) oi brick, 30 by 20 feet, containing powder, fuses, rockets, signals, fixed ammunition, &c. One warehouse at the river, (with wharf,) 40 by 28 feet, filled with fixed ammunition. One frame forage, 15 by 25 feet, and one room in a brick building, L8 by 34 feet, used as a stoic r a for commissary stores. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — The hospital is built of brick, 40 by 34 feet. The guard-house contains two rooms, 18 by 18 feet, and is built of brick. The ground on which these buildings are built — comprising about forty-live acres — is inclosed by a brick wall, averaging about 10 feet in height. There arc also seven frame cottages for employes, &c. Supply depots, &c. — The quartermaster and subsistence supply depots are at New Orleans, Louisiana. The route of supplj is by the Gulf of Mobile, thence by .Mobile River to the wharf and warehouse at the river, thence by wagon-road to the arsenal. Subsistence— three months" supply is kept on hand. AY ITER AND WOOD. — The post is supplied with water by a hydraulic ram, forcing it from a spring outside the wall up into a reservoir in the center of the grounds, from which reservoir it is dis- tributed in pipes to the quarters, barracks, stable, shops, and garden. There are also three cisterns and two spring-houses inside the walls. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — The communication is by river steamers. Reservation. — The reservation consists of about eighteen hundred acres. DESCRIPTION OP THE COUNTRY. — The reservation is pine-woods land, intersected with branches and water-ways. It requires high cultivation to make the uplands productive. There are good gardens at the post, in which plenty of vegetables are raised for the detachment. The river-bottom lands in this vicinity are cultivated, the principal crop being corn. Cotton is also raised to some extent; but the annual overflow of the river in May or .Tune often destroys the first stand. POST OF NASHVILLE, (ASH BARRACKS,) TENNESSEE. (Established in 1862.) INFOKMATION GIVEN BY <•. PENNYPACKER, COLONEL SIXTEENTH CNFANTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, COM- MANDING OFFICES AT THE TIME. LOCATION. — Ash Barracks is pleasantly situated on high and rolling ground in a bend of the Cumberland River, which Hows through the arc of a circle lor 200°, at a distance three-fourths to one and one-fourth mile from the barracks. It is located on the left bank of the river, just beyond the northern corporate limits of the city of Nashville, Tennessee. QUARTERS. — For live companies — live two-story buildings, each L28 by 24 by 25 feet, built of vertical boards with joints battened. The upper story of each building consists of one large room, used for a dormitory. Each room is ventilated by ridge-ventilation and twenty-two windows, eight on each side, and three on each end. The lower stories of these buildings differ somewhat in the arrange ut of rooms, &c. They each contain kitchen, dining, store and bath rooms, and rooms lor uon commissioned officers and laundresses. Verandas extend along the fronts and across the ends. One of these building's contains the post-trader's store, and another the post library. Offi- cers* quarters — seven buildings, as follows: One-story building, 50 bj 10 by 11 feet, containing five rooms. One two-story building, containing sixteen rooms. This building was designed for sin gle officers, and has no kitchen. One-story building, 37 by 31 by 11 feet, containing four rooms. One two-story building. 51 bj 45 l>\ 22 feet, containing twenty-four rooms. It is designed for two families on lower floor, and for single officers' quarters above. Two one-story buildings, each \- b\ .">! by II feet, containing ~i\ rooms each, designed for two families each. One-story building, 12 by I- l>\ 12 feet. (In the number of rooms annexed to officers' quarters above described, kitch- ens, servants' rooms, and bath rooms are no! included.) DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 29 Store hoi ses. — One story building, 253 bj 10 bj 15 feet, used for quartermaster aud subsistence stores, offices for assistant connnissarj subsistence and assistant quartermaster, forage-room, ; 1 1 1 «1 coal litiu.se. One story building, 57 by 25 by 10 feci, used for quartermaster stores, &c. Hospital, Guard-house, &c. — One building, 1 i.'.~i by 35 l>,\ I'.U feet, with an extension 18 by 24 by 12 feet, for kitchen. Center building two stories, .;."> by 35 by 30 feet. Lower story has sur- geon's office, dispensary, ami two wards :;:; by l'4 by 104 feel each, with lavatories and water- closets. The upper story contains steward's room, II by II feet; matron's room, 11 by 14 feet; ward for contagious diseases, It by 1 1 feet ; and surgeon's room for microscopic and chemical investigations, II by 1! feet. Dead house — one building, 1 •"> by 13 by 10 feet. Wash-house — one building, 18 l>y 15 bj I * » feet, containing lour permanent wash-tubs, tank for heatin . not and cold water pipes, &c. Guard-house — one building, GO by 20 by 10 feet, with veranda in front, by (50 feet. It contains one guard room, one room for officer of the guard, two prison-rooms, and twelve cells for prisoners. One-story building, 35 by 20 by II feet, containing three rooms, used as post adjutant's office. One-story building, is by 11 by 10 feet, containing four rooms, regimental ad- jutant's office, but used as quarters by company laundresses since headquarters Fourteenth United States Infantry have been removed. Post bakerj — one building, W by 22 by 10 feet, with a brick oven that is su for the requirements of the troops. One dding, 2Jtby 13by lOfeet, con- taining two rooms, used as laundress' quarters. Engine-house— one story building, 40 by •'•(! by 1 1 feet, containing boiler, stationary engine, and steam force pump. Blacksmith-shop — one storj building, 35 bj 20 by 10 feet, with two forges. Work-shop— one-story building, 100 by 25 by 10 feet, containing carpenter shop with seven carpenter-benches, pain; shop, saddle and harness .shop, and store-room. Quartermaster stables — one building, 300 by 50 i lining a sleeping- room for quartermaster's extra-duty men, two rooms for sergeant in i one carriage and wagon room, and stabling for thirty eight animals. One hundred and eighty-eight feet of this building, beginning at the front on Cheatham street, has recently been covered with a good shingle roof; 112 feet on the rear end of the building is uncovered, and cannot be used for any purpose. Cavalry stables — one-story building, 282 by 35 by 11 feet, containing one saddler shop, one grain- room, one hay and straw room, two sleeping rooms for men on duly at stables, and one saddle- room. Supply Depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster supply depots are at Louisville, Kentucky. Subsistence— two months' supply of commissary stores, and three months' supply of quartermaster stores, are generally kept on hand. Watep. and Wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Cumberland River, through the city water-works; but in consequence ol the altitude of the barracks being very nearly equal to that of the reservoir, it was impracticable to distribute the water through the various buildings. Four wooden iron-bound water-tanks, with a joint capacity of 12,000 gallons, have been erected on a platform 28 feet high. The water is raised to these tanks by a stationary engine, and from them distributed to every building in the barracks. Fuel consists of wood and coal, furnished by eon tract. The wood is good hard-wood, and the coal bituminous, and of good quality. Indians. — None. Mines. — The following minerals are found : Aspbaltuni, azurite, baryta, oxide of ban !a, blende, bornite, calamine, calcite, chaleanthite, celestite, cerussite, chalcedony, coal, copper glance, copper p\ rites, copper native, dolomite, sulphate of magnesia, fluorite, epidote, galenite, ( Plumbi sulphide,) garnets, gold, gypsum, glauconite, hematite, hornblende, jasper, lignite, limonite, magnetic iron, malachite, manganese, molybdenite, potassa ultras, orthodass, petroleum, pyrexene, quartz, siderite, sulphur, tremolite, and many others of less note. Communications. — Connected with Louisville. Kentucky, one hundred aud eighty-five mdes, by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad: with Lebauon, Tennessee, 32 miles, by the Tennessee and Pa- cific Railroad; with Chattanooga, Tennessee, one hundred and fifty one miles, by the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad ; with Decatur, Alabama, one hundred and twenty-two miles. b\ the Nashville and Decatur Railroad : with Hickman, Kentucky, one hundred and seventy miles, bj the Nashville ■ and Northwestern Railroad; and with llopkinsviile. Kentucky, by the Edgefield and Kentucky Rail- road. The Cumberland River is navigable for steamboats during ten months of the year, on an average. 30 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Reservation. — Ash Barracks is erected mi fifty-eight lots in McGavock's addition to the city of N:i sin ill*'. They number from 126 to 132, from 1 16 to L52, from 155 t<> 159, from 171 to 185, and from 236 to 265, inclusive. Description of the country. — The great interest of Teuuessce is agriculture. II is well adapted to producing cotton, corn, tobacco, wheat, rye, oats, barley, broom-corn, apples, pears, peaches, cherries, apricots, and fruits in general, as well as all the grasses, especially blue timothy, red-top, clover, and Hungarian. This region is much better cultivated and improved than any other portion of the State; yet the soil has been imperfectly studied. The a lal range oi the thermometer is about 92°. Average summer temperature, 77° 30' ; average winter tempera- ture, 39 c 50'. The prevailing winds are from the south. The average rain-fall is 54.99 inches. In winter snow falls, but melts in a few hours, or, at furthest, in a day ortwo. in passing north or south, the average annual temperature diminishes or increases 1 for each fori \ -five miles, or about i" in the width of the State. POST t»F NATCHEZ, MISSISSIPPI.* ( Established — see Location.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY I. f. SCOTT, CAPTAIN SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, APRIL, 1*70, COMMANDING OFI K ER AT THE TIME, Location. — The post is situated on the east bank ot the Mississippi Liiver, within citj limits of Natchez, Mississippi, and about one mile above the landing. The post is a dismantled field- work, known during the late war as ''Fort Mcl'herson." Exact date of establishment unknown : probably in February, L866. Quarters. — Barrack-room for two companies; kitchen and 1: dress quarters for one com- pany. Not sufficient quarters for officers — one lieutenant and the medical officer living al Marine Hospital, about one half a mile from the post. The buildings at the post are wooden structures, and are iu need of repaii s. Stoke-house. — Small brick building, used for storage of quartermaster and subsistence stores and property. Ample storage for forage over the stable. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Now in United States marine hospital. It is reported, how- ever, that Congress has passed an act transferring that property to the Slate of Mississippi. In event of such transfer, additional accommodations will be required for officers and sick men at the post. Guard-house, suitable frame building, one guardroom and three prison rooms. One small frame building of two rooms, used as commanding officer's and post quartermaster's offices. Si rri.v depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at New Orleans, Louisiana. Supplies from Louisville, Kentucky, can be sent all the way by river, or by rail to Vicksburg, Mississippi, and thence by water to this station. Subsistence — three months' supply is generally kept on hand. WATER AND "WOOD. — Lain water from under ground cisterns of ample capacity, but out of repair. Hard and soft wood furnished at the post bj contract. Indians. — None. Mines.— None. ( lOMMUNICATIONS. — None. Reservation.— Site of post leased at $83 33 per month. Description of the coi ntry.— None. Discontinued per Paragraph III, S. O. No. 149, Headquarters .Depaitmeii oi '■ utli, lulj 14, 1S70. DESCRIPTIONS OP MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 31 POST OF NEWPORT BARRACKS, KENTUCKY. ( Established — sec Location.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY II. W. WESSELLS, LIEUTENANT COLONEL UNITED STATES ARMY, AUG1 ST, L870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 39° 5' north: longitude, si 30' west from Greenwich. The post is situated on the left bank of the Ohio, in Campbell County, Kentucky, and within the corporate limits of the city of Newport, occupj iug the upper angle formed by the junction of the Licking with the Ohio River. The ground was purchased in 1803, and barracks firsl constructed in 1806, under a contract made in Washington City with General Dearborn, then Secret arj of War. Post office is in the city of New port. Kentucky. QUARTERS. — One two-story brick building, 52 by 30 fret, two sets, lour rooms each, with basement kitchen. Two three-story brick buildings, 83 bj 25 and 58 bj 28 feet, with capacity for three hundred and twenty men. The two upper floors are u^-il as dormitories, and the first flooi a.s kitchen and mess-room. One three-story brick building, 50 by 30 feet, six rooms on each floor, occupied by the post bakery, printing-office, i-commissioned staff, and laundresses. One two- story brick building, 52 by 3G feet, two sets, lour rooms each, w ith \\ ing and kitchen ; designed for field and staff. The foregoing buildings are generally 7 in good repair. Officers' quarters — (see Store-houses.) Store-houses. — One two-story brick building, (formerly called the arsenal,) 84 by 36 feet, with cellar extending the whole length. This latter portion is used for the storage of subsistence and quartermaster's property ; but it may be. flooded by an unusual rise of the two rivers. The first floor is divided info five rooms, one of which is used as an office bj the depot quartermaster, two used for the storage of clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and the remaining rooms assigned as quarters for officers. The second floor i used as an examining room for recruits, and command- ing officer's office. (This building is believed to be the only original one now remaining.) One frame building, one storj high, 21 by 10 feet, divided inlo two rooms ; one used as issuing store- house by the commissary, and the other occupied as a carpenter, saddler, and paint shop. One brick stable, one and a half stories high, 28 bj 19 feet, accommodating ten animals, the lot'r used for storing forage. Capacity — three months' supply for twelve horses, and one month's supplj foi three hundred and fifty men. Hospital, guard-house, &r. — One two-story brick building, 25 by 50 feet, with a brick addition of 18 by 2-1 feet, used as a kitchen : the lower pari of the main building is used as store room, dispensary, and quarters for hospital steward ; the upper floor has two wards, each for four patients. Any excess of sick over that number is provided lor in hospital tents. This building is undergoing repairs. Guard-house — one brick building, elevated 8 feet, the lower part used as guard- room and storage for coal: the upper part divided into rooms and cells for the confinement of prisoners. Magazine — one two-story building, of stone and brick, slate roof and double doors, in good repair, and with ample capacity for all the wants of this post. Chapel — one frame building, one story high, and 1 1 by 28 feet. It is also used as a school house. Supply depots, &C. — Clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and quartermaster's stores, are drawn from the depot at Jeffersonville, Indiana. Subsistence stores are readily obtained from Cincinnati. Ohio, directly opposite; with this city, communication is made by means of ferry boats from Newport, and bridges over the Ticking and Ohio Rivers. The ferry is used by the garrison, it being the most economical. A portion of the subsistence stores is now furnished from Louisville, Kentucky; a supply for three months is usually kept on hand. Water and wood.— Mosl of the water is hauled by carts from the Ohio River; but for cook- ing and drinking, a supply is generally obtained from cisterns, of which there are seven, with a joint capacity of about 45,000 gallons, insufficient during a time of prolonged drought. Fuel— both wood and coal are now furnished by contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. 32 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Communications. — South, by the Ohio River and Short-line Railroad I" Louisville, Kentucky ; in all other directions, by the several railways leading out of Cincinnati. Reservation. — The reservation is rectangular in shape, 288 feet on the Ohio River, and oil:; feci on the Licking River, the former fronl being protected bj a substantial sea wall. As these two rivers, respectively, separate the city of Newport from Cincinnati and Covington, the public ground occupied by the depot finds itself in the midst of three large cities. Description OF THE COUNTRY. — There is no ground for cultivation, the whole surface being occupied by the buildings, their yards, and the parade ground. The climate >>, subject to great extremes of heat and cold, the weather being very variable ; but the sanitary condition of the post is generally good. POST OF FORT PULASKI, GEORGIA. • ( Established — date not. known.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY !J. V. W. HOWARD, MAJOB THIRD ARTILLERY, APRIL, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICEE AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 32° 2' north; longitude, :i .">l' west from Washington. The fori is situated on Cockspur Island, Georgia, at the head of Tybee Roads, commanding both channels of the Savannah River. The fort is n pentagon, built of brick-, including the gorge, casemated on all sides; walls. 7.] feet thick and 25 feet high above high water, mounting one tier of guns in embra- sures, and one tier en barbette. The gorge is covered by an earthen demi-lune of bold relief. The main work and demi-lunc arc both surrounded and divided by a wet ditch, accessible to tide. Around the main work, the ditch is is feet wide: around the demi lime, .">•_' feet, revetted with brick masonry. There are at present mounted four 10-inch Rodman and four lot) pounder Parrott guns ; also, live columbiads, old pattern. A full armament for the work would be one hundred and forty guns. An earthen work or water-battery, containing two 10-inch Rodman guns, commands the main channel, it being located on the edge of the river. Post office is al Savannah, Georgia. Savannah City, eighteen miles distant, is the nearest settlement. Quarters. — Casemates, for three companies. Officers' quarters — seven casemates, in gorge. Three sets outside, frame buildings, old but habitable, undergoing slight repairs. Store hoi ses. — Casemates. One building outside, 27 by 1!» feet, for quartermaster's granary — capacity, 3,915 bushels — with stable of eight stalls attached. Hospital, guard-hoi se, &c. — in one set of officers' quarters outside ; acconiinodatioiffor ten patients. Building unsuitable and contracted. Guard-house and prison — casemates, containing thirty-one military convicts. One frame building, outside, 21 by l!> feet, i\-'• by 33 feet, two stories, Imili of brick, and containing one room for quartermaster and commissary stores. There is at the post one stable, built of brick ; also one small building built of brick, used as the commanding officer's office. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Two-story building, built of brick and wood; foundation and first story, 59 by24feet — second story, 79 by 12 feet. Accommodation forsixteen patients. Guard- house — two stories, built of wood, with one room for guard, one room for sergeanl of the guard, large room for prisoners, and four cells. The second story contains one room, used by company tailor. Supply depots, &c. — At Charleston, South Carolina. Water AND WOOD. — Water is obtained from cits water- works ; wood by contract. Indians. — None. Ml> T ES. — None. Commi nications. — By rail and water. EESERVATION. — None. Description of the country. — None. • POST OF SUMMERVILLE, GEORGIA* I Established in 1870.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY WILLIAM FALCK, CAPTAIN SECOND INFANTRY, APRIL, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 34° •"••".': lougitude, S0° 22' west from Greenwich. Post office at the village. The post is situated on the west hank of, and one and a quarter miles from, the < Ihattooga River. Home. Georgia, twenty-five miles distant, is the nearest town of any importance. Ql I.RTERS. — For seventy men. The court house is occupied by the troops. Rooms are hired for officers. Store houses. — One room in the jail building, occupied as a commissary and quartermasters store. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Frame building, hired — accommodations for six patients. The jail is used as a guard-house, one room below for the guard, and two rooms and cells up stairs tor prisoners. One room in the court house is used as adjutant's office, and one room in same building as quartermaster's office. One stable is hired tor public animals. Supply depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Atlanta, Geor- gia, one hundred and five miles distant. The route of supply- is by railroad to Rome, Georgia, and thence by wagon-road to Summerville, twenty-five miles — open at all seasons. Supplies trans- ported from Rome by public 'wagons. Subsistence — two months' supply is generally kept on hand. Discontinued per Paragraph V, s. < >. No. 159, Headquarters Department of t lie South, .Inh 25, 1870. 5 34 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from fine springs and wells. Wood pur. chased in open market. Indians. — None. MINES. — The country about abounds in coal and iron, but is undeveloped. Communications. — Between post and nearest town, by coach once a week. Mail communica- tion three li s a week. Reservation. — None. Description of the country. — Mountainous country, interspersed with small valleys in fine state of cultivation. Timber — pine and oak, in large quantities. Soil sandy. The river is fordable daring low water. Climate mild. The winter season has been very wet, and also spring, as far as advanced. Average spring temperature, from 55° to 00°. Health of the troops is good. POST OF TAYLOR BARRACKS, KENTUCKY. (Established — date not known.) [NFORMATION GIVEN BY ROBERT N. SCOTT, CAPTAIN SIXTEENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1870, COMMAND- ING OFFICER AT THE TIME. LOCATION. — On eastern side of Third street, in "Campbell's Addition," in the southern suburbs of the city of Louisville. The ground is leased from three separate parties, at a total yearly rental of $3,803 12. The leases terminate on the 1st day of September, 1S71. The site is low and marshy — drainage imperfect, and parade-ground Hooded in wet weather. QUARTERS. — Ample barrack room for six companies of infantry. Balloon buildings, in tolerable condition. Fourteen sets of officers' quarters — most of them much out of repair. Twelve sets of laundress' quarters, (also frame buildings,) in good repair, but inconveniently arranged. Store-houses. — Two frame buildings, of ample capacity for uses of the post — one is 24 by 106 feet, and the other 21 by 193 feet. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Onetwo-story frame building, in fair condition. Ample accom- modations for tin 1 sick, under ordinary circumstances, of six companies. < luard-house — secure and commodious, located between fire engine house and hospital store-room. Bakerj — frame building, 27 by 40 feet, oven and fixtures in good condition. Frame building, 24 by 44 feet, containing five rooms — used as commanding officer's, adjutant's, and quartermaster's offices. Supply depots, &c — Supplies drawn from depots in Jeffersonville, Indiana, and in the city of Louisville. Subsistence — three months' supply generally kept on hand. Water and wood. — Supplied by city water-works — water-pipes laid through the quarters. Wood and coal purchased by contract in the city. Indians. — None. M LNES. — None. Communications. — None Reservation. — None. Description op the country.— None. FORT TAYLOR, KEY WEST, FLORIDA. INFORMATION GIVEN BY T.W.SHERMAN, COLONEL THIRD ARTILLERY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. LOCATION. — Near Whitehead's Point tin southwest shore of island of Key West, and about one mile from the center of the city. Construction commenced in the year 1844; not yet completed, nor formally turned over for the occupation of troops. The armament of the castle is in charge of the garrison of Key West ; and the fort was garrisoned during the late war. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 35 Quarters. — For five companies, and in casemates; officers' quarters, partly in casemates, and partly in a brick structure over the casemates on the land or gorge front. Store-houses None, except what the casemates afford. Hospital, guard-house, &o. — Hospital — in casemates; bui now used as ordnance store rooms. Guard-house — over the sallyport entering from the unfinished cover-face; and one room and three cells for prisoners. Bakery — in one of lower casemates on land front. Water and wood.— The cistern capacity of the fort is immense; one large cistern under each casemate, but not surface-drainage enough to supply them. Deficiency supplied during the war by a condenser, which is still at the post. Reservation.— Sixty acres, deeded to the United State.-, in different parcels, in the years 1845 and 1846, situated at the southwestern extremity of the city of Kej West, and connecting with the fort by a bridge about one fourth of a mile in length. ADVANCED TOWERS— (DEPENDENCIES OF FORT TAYLOR.) LOCATION. — Tower No. I is situated on the southern coast of the island, about one ami a half miles from Fort. Taylor. Tower No. L' on the same coast, and in the southeastern extremity of the island. ( 'oust met ion of both commenced in tin' year 1861 — not yel completed. The construc- tion of these towers was ordered by the Secretary of War. in 18G1, being then deemed necessarj I" a good defense of the south shore "ft he island. Quarters. — None, except that a company or detachment could, at a pinch, be quartered in the second stage of the towers. Reservation. — To tower No. 1. square No. l.".». coutaining thirty three acres; to tower No. L.'. about the same quantity of land. These reservations were taken possession of by order of the Secretary of War, September 21, 1801. The two towers and Fort Taylor are connected with a rail- road belonging to the Engineer Department. POST OF TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA.* (Established iu 1869.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY WILLIAM MILLS. CAPTAIN SECOND INFANTRY, MAY. 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Situated on the south bank of the Warrior River, at the Bead of navigation on that river, and is in Tuscaloosa County. Alabama. QUARTERS. — The quarters occupied by the troops comprise a half block, which include quarters for the troops, mess-rooms, kitchen, store-room, orderly-room, laundress' quarters, bakery. guard-house, quartermaster's and commissary stove-rooms, and stabling, &c., for tour mules — all of which are ample for a garrison of seventy-five men; and are rented by the Quartermaster's Department at the rate of $50 per month. Officers' quarters are provided by the Quartermaster's Department for one captain, two subalterns, and one acting assistant surgeon, at a monthly nut of 655. Store-houses. — (See Quarters.) Hospital, guard-house, &c — The post hospital is a bnilding rented by the Quartermaster's Department at the rate of $15 per month, and is ample for the proper care often patients. Guard- bouse. (See Quarters.) Suppl A' depots, &c. — The post is supplied from the nearest depot, which is New Orleans, Louisiana. Stores are shipped from there via Mobile, Alabama, to the post by steamers, which * Discontinued per Par. V, Dept. S. O. 249, November 15, 1870. 36 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. make weekly trips to this place, between the 1st of November and the 1st of June. Subsistence stores are received from the same depot. Fresh beef is purchased in open market at from 1(> to 12 cents per pound, according to the season of the year. Wateb and "wood. — The post is supplied with water from wells on the premises. Wood and coal purchased by the Quartermaster's Department. Coal is purchased at from 1l' to 20 cents per bushel, according to the season of the year and the condition of the roads. Indians. — None. Mines. — There are extensive coal-beds in the county, the nearest to the post being ten or twelve miles. Communications. — From tin- first of November to the first of June, the post is connected by steamers witli Mobile, Alabama : during the other months of the year, navigation on the Warrior River is generally suspended on account of low water. The railroad points nearest to the post are distant about sixtj miles, being Randolph, on the Selina, Rome and Dalton Railroad; Marion, on the Selnia ami Memphis Railroad, and Columbus, Mississippi, on the Mobile and Ohio Railroad. With these points connection is made by stage three times a week-. Reservation. — None. Description of the country. — None. POST (>F WARRENTOX, GEORGIA. (Established in L869.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY F. It. TORBETT, CAPTAIN EIGHTEENTH INFANTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, COM- MANDING OFFICEE AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 33 c -7' north: longitude, 5° 40' west from Washington. Post office at Warrenton, Georgia. QUARTERS. — The buildings are box-houses of the cheapest kind, and sufficient to temporarily quarter twenty four enlisted men and three officers. Store houses. — No information given in relation to. Hospital, guaed house, &c. — Hospital ami company mess in tents. Si pply depots, &c. — Atlanta, Georgia, distant one hundred and thirty-t wo miles, and < Iharles- ton, South < 'arolina, distant one hundred and eighty-eight miles. Subsistence — two months' sup- ply generally kepi on hand. Watee a.\*i> wood. — Well-water for troops, and creek near camp for stock. Wood — no infor- mation given in relation to. [NDIANS. — None. Mines. — None. Commi nications. — By Georgia Railroad, and Macon and Augusta Railroad. RESERVATION. — Five acres of land, leased Ibi' (Hie year. No wood on land leased. Description of 'i in: country. — Pine ami oak wood lauds, devoted to cut ton. Population — half white and half black. ( >ue colored and two while schools known to exist in the country. Mica and sandstone formation of country. The Ogeechee River runs twelve miles west of the post. The temperature during .Inly and August, 1870, averaged I warmer than Atlanta. Georgia. Pop- ulation of Warrenton, Georgia, six hundred and ten inhabitants. DEPARTMENT OF i^Ab. POSTS D ESC I! I 1! B 1). Austin. Texas. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Bliss, Fort, Texas. Brown, Foi t. Texas. .Clark, Fort, Texas. ( ' In', fort, Texas. ( lorsicana, Texas. Davis, Fort, Texas. Duncan, Fort, Texas. ( .1 iitin. Fort, Texas. Jackson Barracks, I isiaua. Jackson, Foi I. Louisiana. Jefferson, Texas. Mcintosh, Fort, Texas. McKavct I, Fort, Texas. Pike, Fort', Louisiana. Quit in.iii. Fort, Texas. Richards Foi t. Texas. Ringgold Ban aeks, Texas. San Autouio, Texas. San Autouio Arsenal, Texas slnv\ eporl . Louisiana. Stockton, Fort, Texas. St. Philip, Louisiana. \\ aco, Texas. POST OF AUSTIN, TEXAS. (Established in IS65.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY E. E. SELLERS, CAPTAIN TENTH INFANTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 30° 30' ; longitude, 9S C west from Greenwich. The posl is situated ou the cast hank of, and about 600 yards from, the Colorado River. Posl office al the city of Austin, Texas, which lies south of the post, and is one and a half miles distant; it is the neatest town, and lias a population of live thousand inhabitants. Quarters. — Tents — for one company of infantry, anil officers. 'Store-houses. — None. Hospital, guard house, &c. — < >ne frame building, in the citj of Austin : accommodation for twenty patients. Guard-house— built of oak plank, ami one room foi- tin- guard, built of the same material. The corral ami three small frame buildings, used as granary, harness-room, and carpenter, blacksmith, and saddler shops, are being taken down and transferred to depot quarter- master's corral in the city of Austin, lot' the purpose of building quarters for one company. Supply depots, &0. — Quartermaster ami subsistence depots are at Austin, Texas, one and a half miles distant. Subsistence — received from depot once in ten days. "Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from tlm ( iolorado River, hauled in tanks about half a mile. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — None within limits of post. Mines. — None. Communications. — Between city of Austin and Brenham, Texas, (the terminus of railroad.) one hundred and ten miles distant, by mail coach. Reservation. — None. Description of rHE country. — Larue tracts of land under cultivation. Timber in abundance. There being no Governmenl reservation, no gardens can he made. Soil, sandy and gravelly. Several quarries of limestone. Colorado River fordable in low water ; ponton bridge (owned by private parties) principally used in.crossing. Climate mild, seasons dry. Average spring temper- ature, 67 c 51'; average winter temperature, 51° 17'. The health of the camp is good. 38 DESGKIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. POST OF BATON ROUGE BARRACKS, LOUISIANA. (Established — sec Location.) . INFORMATION GIVEN BY HENRY A. HAMBRIGHT, MAJOR NINETEENTH INFANTRY, APRIL, L870, COM- MANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 30° 32' north ; longitude, 91° 15' west from Greenwich. The posi is situated on the cast bank of the Mississippi River, and within the limits of the city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, which is the posi oilier. The posi was established, it is supposed, in 1820, by the First United States Infantry. QUARTERS. — For two hundred and fifty men — two brick buildings, in fair condition. One two story lirirk building, formerly used as the commissary and quartermaster store-house, is now used. the lower floor as carpenter-shop, and the upper floor as laundresses' quarters. There are also three small frame buildings, of one room each ; two of them are used as laundresses" quarters, the other as a tool-house. They are old, and of little value. ( M'tieers" quarters — two sets, built of brick, and in bad repair. Store-houses. — One three story brick building, 120 l>y 3S feet, containing three rooms. The first floor is used for a commissary storehouse ; the second and third floors for quartermaster stores. The building is situated in the arsenal grounds, and was turned over to the quartermaster by the Ordnance Department February 1, 1870. One brick building, used as blacksmith-shop, in good repair. Two wooden stables, almost worthless. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Buill of wood — acco lodatiou for twenty-four patients. The central portion of the building istwo stories bigh, and has accommodations for steward and attendants; also store rooms, dispensary, and wash-rooms. The building is new, and in very good repair; has two cisterns, a good garden, and is sufficient for the post. Guard-houst — none. A portion of the lower lloor of one of the men's quarters is used for that purpose. There are no suitable cells for the close confinement of prisoners. Supply depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at New ( Means, Louisiana, distant one hundred and thirty miles. The route of supply is h\ the Mississippi River, open at all seasons. Subsistence — one month's supply is generally kept on hand. Wateb ami wood. — Water is obtained from two wells and eight cisterns. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Minks.— None. ( iOMMUNICATIONS. — By steamers. Reservation. — The reservation comprises 210.76 acres; the garrison inclosure is 32.22 acres. Surveyed in 1839. DESCRIPTION of THE COUNTRY. — About one-half of the reservation is susceptible .of cultiva- tion. A bayou runs through a portion, rendering it unfit for cultivation or any other use. There is at the post a line garden of about thirteen acres, each company having a separate < There is, in addition, a small garden in the garrison inclosure. The river does not overflow at this point. Grass — Bermuda, wire, and white clover — very abundant. Soil — clay loam. No meteorological register kept at the post. Climate hot. seasons moist. Health of the post good — below average — malarial diseases prevail. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAEY POSTS AND STATIONS. 39 FORT BLISS, LATE CAMP CONCORDIA, TEXAS (Established March 1, 18C8.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR CHARLES E. CLARKE, CAPTAIN UNITED STATES INFANTRY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude north, 31°46' 5£"; longitude west, 106° 2P. Altitude, 3,000 feet. Post office at El Paso, Texas, three miles distant, whicli is tbe nearest town. Quarters. — For two hundred men — two buildings of adobes, \-\.\ feet long by 15 feet wide; two wings, 51 .', feet long by 15 feet wide. Officers' quarters — six sets, built of adobes and in good k pair. Store-houses. — One building, 15 by i 10 feet, with two wings, eacb L5 by 53 feet, for subsist. enee stores. One building, 30 by 8S feet, for quartermaster's stores; also a granary, with a capacitj for 4, 500 bushels. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, built of adobes — accommodation for six patients. Guard-house — built of adobes, with two rooms, each 16 by 16 feet. One building in corral, used as rooms for employes, granary, and saddle room. In rear of the commissary buildings are two small buildings built of adobes, and used as blacksmith and carpenter shops. One building directly east, to feet from end of company quarters, used as a magazine. All of these buildings are built of adobes and in excellent repair, the root's being well cemented with a preparation of lime, the fronts and sides plastered and blue washed, the top and side borders whitewashed. si pply DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest supply depot for quartermaster and subsistence stores is at San Antonio, Texas, seven hundred miles distant; the route of- supply by wagon-road," open at all seasons. Supplies are at all times transported by contract. Subsistence — three mouths' supply of complete rations always on hand since the reduction of the post to one company ; but previously . six months. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Rio Grande, hauled in tanks about one and a half miles. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians, Riescaleros and Apaches. Mines. — Silver and copper mines in most of the surrounding mountains — the principal at Apache Pass, recently discovered, and reported to be of immense wealth — distant about three hundred miles. Communications. — Between post and nearest town, by mail coach. RESERVATION. — This post is not on a reservation, but a tract of laud containing one hundred acres, and leased by the year from J. A. Zabriskie, of El Paso. Texas. Description of the country. — The only arable, land is the bottomland adjoining and in close proximity to the post, the higher grouud being very sandy and barren. All along the river- bottom it is arable, and under a high state of cultivation, both on the Mexican and this side. Timber very scarce, the only kind for over one hundred miles being Cottonwood. Mesquite roots are used entirely by the post and residents of the country for fuel : the contract price per cord is $8 50. The finest gardens are made, and vegetables of all kinds can be had in season. Grapes are abundant, and of the choicest kinds. Grass and grama, of a very limited quantity, the soil being sandy and alkaline. The river is fordable at almost any point during low water, but danger- ous on account of quicksand; during the rising of the stream it has a shifting channel. Climate mild; seasons dry. Average spring temperature, 52° 15'; average winter temperature, 40° 03'. The health of the post is very good; no patients in hospital, and no deaths since the fall of 18GS. 40 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FOKT BROWN, TEXAS. (Established April, 1846.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL H. I'.. CUT/., COLONEL TENTH INFANTRY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Old Fort Brown, a six-bastioned field-work, was built and garrisoned in April, 1846. Browns- ville barracks, established in the autumn of 1848, was burned l>y (lie rebels in 1864. Fori Brown barracks was rebuilt on tlie old site of Brownsville Barracks in tin- years of ISC8 ami 1S69. Location. — Latitude, 25° 53' Hi"; longitude, 97° 20' from Greenwich. Tin- post is situated mi tlie cast bank of tin' Rio Grande River, adjacent to the city of Brownsville, Texas, and opposite the city of Matamoi as, Mexico. 1 1 is about twenty-five miles by land from l he mouth of I he river, and about twenty seven miles from Point [sabel. Quarters. — Four infantry barracks built of wood, capacity lor one hundred nieii each. One cavalry barrack built of brick, capacity for eighty men. One artillery barrack built of brick, with capacity for one hundred ami sixty men. One barrack lor quartermaster employes, twelve wooden .shanties for laundresses. Officers' quarters — one headquarters building built of brick, containing eight rooms; one single and six double sets, built of wood; two single ami three double sets, built of brick. Store-houses. — Mine — one company ami seven quartermaster's, built of wood, of sufficient capacity. One fire-proof brick ordnance building. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, line brick building.; capacity, forty-eight beds. Guardhouse built of logs, entirely inadequate. Miscellaneous buildings — three small cottages, one bake house, one blacksmith shop, one carpenter- shop, one paint and saddlers' shop, one engine house. Supply depots, &c. — The post and depot receive quarterly supplies from New Oilcans. Ringgold Barracks and Fort Mcintosh are supplied from this depot. Water And wood. — Water is supplied from the Rio Grande River. Wood is supplied l>\ contract. Indians. — None, within two hundred miles. Communication. — Between post and Brownsville bj wagon-road. Reservation. — Three hundred and fifty-eight acres. The Government has no title except that of possession since L846, except during the war. It is claimed by the heirs of one Cavazos, under an old Spanish grant, and also b\ the corporate city of Brownsville, Texas. The title has been in litigation lor some years, but has not been dually lixed. Description of the Country. — The country around is flat, well timbered in parts; mesqnite, ebony, and swamp ash. Grass, mesquite, grama, and Bermuda are abundant and nutritious. Between the Rio Grande and Nueces are line ranges lor cattle. The soil is rich, and when not parched with drought, yields cotton, corn, splendid sugar-cane, and nearly all kinds of vegetables. 'the Rio Grande rises in dune, and sometimes overflows its banks for miles on either side, render- ing the roads almost impassable for six months in the year. Climate mild. Season sometimes dry, but generally moist on account of I he nearness of the post to the sea coast. Ror the past year the post has been ven healthy, but in the autumn of some years it has been very sickly, the disease being yellow, intermittent, and bilious fever. Prevailing winds southeasterly and southerly, with sudden and severe changes to the north. SI I! POST OR PORT BROW \ Comprising Point Isabel, where there is a hospital, and one set of officers' quarters, one story, of wood. Garrison — one adjutant, assistant surgeon, one matron, and one cook. Brazos, where there is one ( lo\ eminent wharf and warehouse, one small set of officers' quarters. Garrison — one officer and ten enlisted men. Clarksville, al the mouth of the river, where there is a garrison of one non-commissioned officer and nine enlisted men, for t he protect ion of t he customs officers. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 41 FORT CLARK, TEXAS! (Established June 19, 1S52.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL II. C. CORBIN, CAPTAIN TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY, MAY. 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 29° 17' ; longitude, from Greenwich, 100 25'. Post office at the post. The post is situated on the south bant and al the head of Los Maras River, opposite the village of Brackettsville, and seventeen miles from the Rio Grande. Quarters. — For two -hundred men — built of stone, in good condition. Officers' quarters — seven sets, four of stone, in good condition, and three sets of pickets u itli thatched roofs, in very had condition. Store-house.— One two-story building, 31 by 56 feci; second story occupied as offices for quartermaster and commissary, and for storing quartermaster stores. ( i round Moor used as sales room, and for storing subsistence stores. A stone building attached to store house, I l by 132 feet) divided into two rooms, one 1 I by KM feet, used as granary— capacity, 3,000 bushels; the other. 1-1 by 28 feet, used as carpenter's shop. IloRTITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — None reported. Supply depots, &c. — Nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at San Antonio, Texas, one hundred and twenty-sis miles distant. Wagon-road, open at all seasons. Supplies generally transported by contract. Subsistence — three months' supply generally kept on hand. Water and wood; — l'ost supplied with water from Los Maras springs. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Lipans, Mescaleros, Apaches, and Kickapoos. Mines. — None. Communications. — None. Reservation. — None. Surveys leased by the Government at $50 (coin) per month. Lease dated July 1, 1852, to run twenty years. Description of the country. — No arable land within post limits, except about two hundred acres in bottom which can be irrigated, but is subject to overflow. Timber — heavy in bottom, with mesqnite brush on highlands. Grass — mesquite, plenty. Soil — gravelly and alka- line, except in bottom, where il is a black loam. River fordable in most places; bridged at post, climate mild, seasons dry. Average temperature, May to October inclusive, 75 67; November to April inclusive, 58° 18. Average rain-fall for corresponding periods, 2.66 and .98 inches. Health of post average. FORT CONCHO, TEXAS. (Established during the fall of 1SC7.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET COLONEL WILLIAM R. SHAFTER, in I II WM COLONEL TWENTY- FOURTH INFANTRY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, about 31° 30' : longitude, about. 100° 20'. Tost office at the post. The post is situated at the junction of North and Alain Concho, and between the two rivers. Quarters. — There are two buildings, of stone, used as quarters for enlisted men. and origin- ally intended as quarters for two companies; but with the addition, to one of the buildings, of a kitchen, the quarters are ample for four companies of seventy-five men each. Each of the two buildings consists of two rooms SUA by 24 feet, with passage 12 by 24 feet between the rooms- piazza around the entire building, nine feet wide. Officers' quarters consist of live buildings of stone, containing sixteen rooms. 6 42 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Store bouses.— Two stone buildings, cadi loo h\ ,111 feet, one used for quartermaster stores, the other for commissary stores. Temporary grain-house, of plank. 15 l>y 45 feet. Hospital, guakd-house, &c. — Hospital built of stone, main building, 30 by 40 feet, two stories'high; two wings each 27 by t7feet; kitchen, 12 by 15 feet. Accommodation for thirty- one patients. The guardhouse is built of two-inch pecan plank, spiked to a heavy frame. It contains one guard-room, L8 by 18 feet : one prisoners' room, 12 by 12 feet, and three cells, each t by (i feet— piazza in front, 8 feet wide. Oorral, of stone laid in mortar, 250 by 200 feet; wall, 4J feet high bj 2 feet thick. Four stables will soon be built inside the corral, each 160 by 25 feet. All the material purchased, and the most of it hauled. Supply DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest supply depot is San Antonio, Texas, two hundred and twenty-five miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road, open a( all seasons. Sup- plies generally transported by contractors' wagons. Subsistence — from three to six mouths' sup- ply usually kept on hand. Wateb and wood. — The posl is supplied with water from the Concho River, haided in tanks about one fourth of a mile. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — 'the country is infested by hands of Indians, of from three to thirty, who are con- stantly stealing horses and occasionally killing men and carrying off women and children. They are supposed to come from the head-waters of the Brazos, and from the reservation at Fort Sill. Mines. — None in this vicinity known. COMMUNICATIONS. — Communications between post ami nearest town, by mail coach. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Surveyed May 1, 1870; contains eleven hundred and four acres. DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY. — No arable land on this reservation except on the river bottoms, where by irrigation, which is practicable, at least one hundred acres could be cultivated. Timber — only a few pecan trees along the (wo rivers. They are valuable for the nuts, ami are not allowed to be cut. (irass — abundant and of good quality. Soil — on the bottoms, a dark rich loam; on the uplands, gravelly and light-colored. The rivers are fordable at all seasons. On account of the high banks, no damage arises from high water. Climate mild; seasons dry. Average temperature for spring — March, April, and May, 1869— was Ot: 94'; for winter of L869 and 1870,46 33'. The health of the post is good; but four men in hospital, ami none of them confined to their beds. There are a few settlers at the post, mostly engaged in gathering cattle to drive to ( Jalifornia. POST OF CORSICAXA, TEXAS.^ (Established in 1870.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY A. R. CHAFFEE, CAPTAIN SIXTH CAVALRY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER \ T THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 32° 5'; longitude, 96° 30' from Greenwich. Post office in Corsicana, a village of one hundred and fifty inhabitants. Quarters. — For one company— the court house of Navarro County is occupied by the men. It is a brick building, two stories high, is capable of accommodating eighty men. and is out of repair. Officers' quarters — rented. Store houses. — One building, containing one room 54 b\ 21 feci, for quartermaster and sub- sistence stores — rented. Hospital. GUARD house, &C— < me building, containing two rooms lo by Id and li'A 1>\ \:>.\ feet, built of clapboards, and in good repair — accommodation for six patients— rented. The count \ jail i-; used as guard house. Stabling consists of a shed, open on one side, with capacity for fifty horses— rented. No buildings at the post are public. ' Discontinued some time in May, 1870. See Department S. No, 15, current N.'iirs. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 43 Supply depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Austin, Texas, one hundred and sixty miles distant : but supplies are received fi Galveston bj rail to Calvert. and from thence by wagon over a distance of eighty miles. Supplies generally transported by contract. Subsistence— two months' suppb is now on hand. Corn, oats, and hay— part purchased in open market, and in part furnished from depot. Water and wood. — The posl is supplied with water from Post Oat Creek, about a quarter of a mile distant, hauled in barrels. Wood purchased in open market. Indians. — None. .Mines. — None. Communications.— Between post and nearest towns, by mail coaches and mounted carriers. Reservation. — None. Description of the country. — Prairie, susceptible of high cultivation, well interspersed with timber ami water, renders the land valuable for agricultural purposes. Fair crops of corn and cotton are raised, and grass for grazing is luxuriously abundant. Large numbers of cattle are raised. Soil black in Hats ; samh on elevation. Climate mild ; seasons varying. Average spring temperature, 70° ; average winter temperature. 55°. The health of the post is excellent. FORT DAVIS, TEXAS. (Established October 23, LS54.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL EDWARD HATCH, COLONEL NINTH CAVALRY, MAY, L870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 30° 36' 23" ; longitude, from Greenwich, 103 36' 45"; altitude. 1,700 feet above the sea. The posl is situated about half a mile south of Limpia Creek, near the Limpia Mountains. Presidio Del Norte, Mexico, on the Rio Grande River, ninety live miles distant, is the nearest town. Post office at the post. Quarters.— For two hundred men, the buildings .of adobes, with kitchens and mess-rooms attached— sbingle roofs. The walls of quarters lor two hundred more men are up, but have no roofs. None of the men's quarters are yet completed. Officers' quarters— nine sets,viz: for one major, three captains, and live lieutenants. Pour built of stone and five of adobes, all in good repair. Store house. — < >ne commissary stoic house, 50 by 34 feet, shingle roof, and in good condition. Bospital, guard-house, So.— Hospital built of adobes — accom lation for fourteen patients, Guard house— built of stone, has one room for the guard, one prison-room, and three cells— in good condition. Fronting the guard-house, on the opposite side of the parade-ground, is a building of the same size as the guard house, built of adobes, with three rooms, used as adjutant's office and court-room. One corral in rear of the company quarters, with stables (partly completed) for two companies of cavalry : and three buildings used tor the storage of forage, &c, tor the compa- nies. One corral in rear of the company quarters, used by the Quartermaster's Department, with two buildings, one for the storage of forage, and one used as blacksmith and wheelwright shop This corral also has stables lor the animals belonging to the Quartermaster's Department. With the exception of four sets of officers' quarters and the guard house, nil the buildings at the post are of adobes. Supply DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Sun Antonio. Texas, lour hundred and sixty miles distant. The route of supplj is by wagon road, open at all seasons. Supplies transported by contract. Subsistence — six months' supply generally kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from Limpia Creek, hauled in a tank about half a mile. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — The nearest Indians are the Mescaleros, Apaches. Comanches, and Lipans. .Mines. — None. 44 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Communications. — Communication between the post and San Antonio is by mail-coach twice a week; and between the post and Presidio 1M Norte by mail, carried on a horse or mule. Reservation. — The reservation is six hundred and forty acres of land rented by the Quarter- master's Department. Description of the country.— There are about ten acres of arable land on the reservation. limber— a small bosque of cotton-wood, much scattered, and covering about lour acres, adjoining the post. Grass— grama and mesquite. Soil — sandy and alkaline. The Limpia is a subter- ranean stream, appearing in different places, bui furnishes sufficient water to supply the post. There are many adobe houses and small hovels adjoining the reservation ; population -about three hundred. Climate mild; seasons dry. Average summer temperature, 72 c : average winter tem- perature, 15°. Average maximum summer temperature, 87° 1': average minimum summer temper- ature, 62° 1'. Average minimum winter temperature, 20° 2'; average maximum winter temper- ature, G2° V. The health of the post is good— better than the average. FORT DUNCAN, TEXAS. (Established in 1850.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY Z. R. BLISS, MAJOE TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 28 50'; longitude, 100° 30' west fr Greenwich. The post is situated on the east bank of the Rio Grande del Norte, one-half mile from that stream. Post office is located at the post trader's stoic, within the limits of the post. Eagle Pass, Maverick County, Texas, a town of one thousand two hundred and fifty inhabitants, is located on the northern boundary of the post, separated by a deep narrow canon, and connected with the post by a light foot bridge. Piedras Negras, in the State of Coahuila, Mexico, containing about two thousand inhabitants, is located immediately opposite the post. Both Eagle Pass and Piedras Negras are ports of entry. A com- mercial agent of the United States represents the interests of this Government at Piedras Negras. Quarters. — Sufficient for one hundred men, have been repaired and occupied — built of stone, and in good condition. Quarters for three hundred men, destroyed or rendered untenable during the late rebellion, while the post was abandoned by the United States forces, are being rapidly repaired. Officers' quarters — six sets, built' of stone, are repaired and occupied, and others being repaired. Two officers and t w o companies of infantry are at present occupj ing tents. Store-houses. — One two story stone building, containing two store-rooms, and offices occupied by quartermaster and commissary of subsistence. Quartermaster's store-room is in the second story, and is 32 by 27 feet, with office 1!' by 27 feet, in nort ii end. Commissary store-room, 51 by 27 feet, on ground floor. In good condition. Magazine — one stone building, Hi by 18 feet, consisting of one room, and needing some small repairs. EOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Built of stone, (K) by 20 feet, with gallery all round, contains one ward, I'll b\ :;."> feet, with capacity for twenty patients, with dispensary, office, store room, and hospital steward's room. Kitchen to hospital, built of stone, I'll by 10 feet, containing two rooms. Guard house — built of stone, 50 by is feet, comprising two cells, each I'd by L8 feet, one on each side of guard-room. In excellent condition. Stables — two wooden buildings for Company L Ninth Cavalry — one occupied at present by quartermaster's animals. Si ri'i.Y depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are al San Antonio, Texas, one hundred and fifty-five miles distant. The route ol'supph is by wagon road, open at all seasons. Supplies are transported to the post as freight. !>\ contract. Subsistence — six months' supply is generally kept on hand. Water usd wood. — The post is supplied v^ith water from the Rio Grande River, hauled in tanks about one mile, and from one cistern in the post. Wood is supplied by contract. INDIANS. — Kickapoos, in Mexico, < lomanches and Lipans, in Texas, and a small band of Seminole Negro-Indians, who are encamped on the reservation under military control. DESCRIPTIONS <>F MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 45 Mines. — The nearesl are the silver mines at Santa Rosa and Mont Clover, Mexico. Communications. — None. Reservation. — The reservation contains about eighteen square miles, isow ued by John Twohig, of San A.ntonio, Texas, and is leased from him by the Government at 81,5G0 per year. Description of the country. — No arable land on the reservation, except the river bottoms. < !an be cultivated, but at considerable expense. A post garden was undertaken this \ ear, but was a failure, owing to the insects, and also the lack of rain and facilities for irrigation. Grass — mes- quite, abundant ami of good quality. Soil generally rich ami loamy. A ferry, owned by a company of citizens of Eagle Pass. ('Innate — mild iu winter, ami hot in summer. Average winter tempera ture, 55°; spring, 70°; summer, 90 ; and autumn, 65 Fahrenheit. FORT GRIFFIN, TEXAS. (Established July 31, 1st;;. Named Camp >\ ilson, ami subsequently chauged to Fort Griffin.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY .1. W. CLOUS, CAPTAIN TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — As near as it ean he ascertained without the aid of instruments, the latitude of the post is 32 c 50'; the longitude from Greenwich, 99 D 30'. Post office at the post. Tin' post is situ- ated on the west bank of, and one-third of a mile from, the Clear Fork of the Brazos River. Jacks- borough, .lack County, Texas, seventy two miles distant, is the nearest town or settlement of any note. Quarters. — For one hundred and eight men — thirty-six temporary huts, s\ by 13 feet, built of lumber — in bad condition. < >fficers' quarters — eleven sets, built of lumber, and in fair repair. Store-houses. — One building, 100 by 85 feet, containing lour rooms, for quartermaster stores, clothing, camp and garrison equipage, and granary. One building 125 by 5 it feet, with three rooms, for commissary stores. Hospital, guard-house, &c— Hospital — built of lumber; accommodation for twelve patients. Guard-house — built of lumber; two rooms, in bad repair. Adjutant's office — built of lumber; one room, in good repair. Mess houses and kitchens — built of lumber, four houses, in had repair, and too small. Stables, for three companies, built of lumber, shed roofs; afford sufficient protection during summer, but are too open for comfort during the winter. One quartermaster's stable, same condition. Supply depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Austin. Texas, two hundred and twenty-five miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road, open at all seasons. Commissary supplies usually forwarded from Galveston by rail to Calvert ; from thence to this point by contract. Quartermaster stores supplied from Austin and San Antonio, Texas. Subsistence — three months' supply is generally kept ou hand. WATER and wood. — The post is supplied with water from a small creek emptying into the Clear Fork, near the post, hauled in tanks about one mile. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — The Ton-ka-wa Indians, numbering one hundred ami forty-two, are encamped near the post, and subsisted by the military — twenty of the warriors enrolled as scouts. The Qua-ka-des and other tribes of Comanche Indians, inhabiting the Pan-handle of Texas, are the nearest hostile Indians. The Comanches, Kiowas, and other affiliated tribes on the reservation at Fort Sill, In- dian Territory, make frequent incursions into Texas, in this vicinity, stealing horses and stock. MINES. — There is a thin out crop of bituminous coal near the post, and said to be quite an exten- sive one near the Brazos River, forty-five miles distant. COMMUNICATIONS. — The Fort Smith ami El Paso mail line runs mail coaches as far as Jacks borough, Texas ; from thence through here to Fort Concho, small vehicles not calculated for passen- gers, connecting, however, at Fort Concho, with the mail coaches to San Antonio, Texas. Reservation. — No reservation has been surveyed or declared. 4(5 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Description of the country . — No arable land, except on tbe river bottoms. Timber — post oak, about four miles east of post. Grass — mesquite, in abundance. Soil — sandy. River rises after the slightest tall of rain, ami b< comes a perfect torrent, frequently stopping communication with the east for days. Climate mild ; seasons dry. Average spring temperature, 62°; average w inter temperature. IT 30'. POST OF JACKSON BARRACKS. (Established in 1S34.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL EDWARD VV. HINKS, LIEUTENANT COLONEL TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT Till: TIME. Location.— Latitude, 29° 5S'; longitude from Greenwich, 90° 5'. Post office at New Orleans. Louisiana. The post is situated on the left bank of the Mississippi river, about three miles below the city. QUARTERS. — For four companies of seventy-live men eaeh ; built of granite and brick. Officers' quarters — seven buildings, two stories high, built of brick and granite, with spacious verandas in front, and containing altogether forty-eight r is. Ordnance sergeanl quarters — one story brick, 25 by I'll, needs repairs. Store-houses. — One building two stories high, of granite and brick, containing one room 42 bj L5 feet, for quartermaster's stores ; one room 12 by 31 feet, for commissary stores, and one room 42 by lti feet, for officers. All of the foregoing buildings an- in excellent repair, having been tho- roughlj overhauled last winter. Hospitals, guard-house, &a — Hospitals — three wooden buildings, two stories high, sur- rounded by spacious verandas, with acc< lodation for eighty patients each. Guard-house — built of granite and brick, with one room for guard, and three cells for prisoners. Three rooms on the second floor are used for laundress's quarters ; building requires some repairs. Magazines— two built of granite and brick — one M by 35 feet, and the second 28 by Hi feet, in good repair. Stables — one wooden shed, will accommodate twenty horses — one small brick building, used for harness and saddle room: all in good repair. Engine-house — built of brick — in good repair. One bakery — built of brick — needs repairs. <>ne large building of wood, two stories high, used ;is pest- house. ' >ne small wooden building, used as dead -house ( >ue t wo storj building of wood, used as quarters for laundresses. Three sheds, formerly used as stables for battery horses. All of the six last described wooden buildings are very much out of repair. Supply depots, &c. — Depot at .New Orleans, distant about four miles. Supplies generally transported by quartermasters' wagons. Subsistence — one month's supply is generally kept on hand. Water and wood. — Water for cooking, drinking, &c, is supplied l>\ cisterns, and that used for sanitarj purposes is pumped bj a steam-engine bom the .Mississippi river into an iron tank. from which pipes lead to all the buildings used as quarters ami hospitals. 'Wood supplied by contract. Indians.— None. Communications. — Between post ami New Orleans bj street railroad cars. Reservation. — No record existsal the post concerning tbe site ; neither can any survey of the premises be obtained. The reservation front s upon I he Levee road (about lilt \ \ aids from the river) 089 leet. and extends to the northward 3,232 feel to the .Mexican Gulf Railroad, where it measures G80 feet 5 inches in width; beyond the Mexican Gulf Railroad, the reservation, 6S0 feet wide, extends into the swamp, but to what distance is not known at these headquarters. Description of tin: country. — There are aboul thirty-six acres of arable laud at the post, of which about twenty acres are now under cultivation as post garden. Beyond the Mexican Gulf Railroad, cultivation is impracticable, on account of tin- swamp ami frequenl overflow. Grass — clover. Soil — sandy. Average spring temperature, mi by 24 feet. IbiispiTAL, guard-hoi si:, &c. — Hospital — one new frame building, L35 by 25 feet, lathed ami plastered — accommodation lor twenty five patients. ( ruard- house — consists of three rooms, guard- room, prison-room, and dungeon, very poorlj ventilated. .Miscellaneous buildings — one large two- story brick building, containing twelve rooms, belonging to Engineer I >epartment, used as adjutant and quartermaster's offices, and officers' quarters. Condition bad — old ami nearly unfit for occu- pation. A one-story frame building, old and in bad condition, \\sf<\ as laundress's quarters and bj citizen employes. A two story frame building, belonging to Engineer Department, in bad condi- tion. One small frame building; also one small frame building containing engine for draining. Carpenter's shop — small frame building, in bad condition. Blacksmith's shop — frame building, built of refuse lumber in 186S — in bad condition. Si i'iM.\ depots, &c. — Depot at New Orleans, supplies transported in steamboats via Mississippi River, .•subsistence — one month's supply kept on hand. Water ami wood. — Water — generally obtained from rain-water cisterns, but in very dry seasons the river-water is used. Wood supplied by contract; Indians. — None. Communications. — By steamboats — by small boats with Fort Saint Philip. Reservation. — Made February !». 1S42. Sections five, six, seen, eight,and nine, of township twenty, range thirty east, of the southeastern district of Louisiana, being, the lands containing and adjacent to Fort Jackson. DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY. — No timber on reservation, only small w allows and other trees that flourish in swamps, in this latitude. Soil — alluvium. No record at the post to show the average temperature. Mcnairy seldom, if ever, reaches L00 c Fahrenheit in the shade, and ice has formed but twice in the past three winters. The health of the post is remarkably good, consider- ing its location, being on the immediate bank of the river and surrounded, by swamp, tilled with rank tropical vegetation. In IS67, during the epidemic of yellow fever, there were cases above and below the post, on the river, but not a caseoccurrcd at the post. Fevers arising from malarial poisoning are rare, owing probably to the proximity of salt water. 48 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. POST OF JEFFERSON, TEXAS (Established — sec Location.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY II. L. CHIPMAN, CAPTAIN ELEVENTH INFANTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, COMMAND- ING OFFICES AT THE TIME. Location. — The present camp is situated on the southwest side of the city of Jefferson, Texas, (which is i he post office,) immediately <>n the left side of I be Big < lypress < 'reck. The original date of establishment is not known ; records on file only from December b'>, ISC8, the dale of the arrival at the post of (lie Twenty-ninth United States Infantry, under command of Lieutenant Colonel Ceo. P. Buell, Twenty-ninth Infantry. Quarters. — Tents, floored and based with pine lumber, for about one hundred and twenty men and ten officers, and in good order. Store-houses. — One brick building for quartermaster stores, hired at $600 per month. Two brick buildings for subsistence stores, hired at $ per mouth. These store-houses are located in the city of Jefferson, Texas, about one-quarter of a mile from the military camp. HOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Hospital tents, floored and based with pine lumber, accommo dation for about twenty patients. Guard-house, built of pine lumber, and fenced with a stockade — formerly used as a military prison. Buildings in quartermaster's corral, used as rooms for employes, ami carpenter, blacksmith, and saddler shops, built of pine lumber. Supply depots, &c. — There have been quartermaster and subsistence depots at this post up to the .">lst of .May, 1870, on which day they were discontinued. The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are now in New Orleans, Louisiana, four hundred and fifty-seven miles distant by shortest mail route. The route of supply is by water np the Red River and via Cypress Creek. open most all seasons. Distance by water, eight hundred miles. Supplies generally transported by contract. Subsistence — six months' supply generally kept on hand. Water and wood. — No information given in relation to. INDIANS. — The nearest friendly Indians, the Choctaw Nation, are about one hundred and twenty miles north of this post: and the nearest hostile Indians, the Comanches, about two bun- dled and titty miles. Mines. — None. Communications. — Mail arrives and leaves post daily, by mail coach. Nearest railroad station is at Marshall, on the Southern Pacific Railroad, about sixteen miles distant. Reservation. — Camp-ground hired at $100 per month. DESCRIPTION of THE COUNTRY. — Timber — plenty, of nearly every description, and bordering on the city of Jefferson, which is situated on the left bank of the Lie, ( '\ press ( 'reek, having a popu- lation of about ei.u lit thousand, mostly engaged in commercial business, lumber-mills, and raising cotton and corn. Climate mild, and general state of health <;ood. FORT McINTOSH, TEXAS. Established in 1849. Abandoned April II, 18G1, and re-occupied October 23, 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN I'.V BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL THOS. M. ANDERSON, MAJOR TENTH IN- IWTI.'Y, MAY. 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT Till'. TIME. Location. — Latitude, 27° to'; longitude from Greenwich, 99° 50'. The post is situated on tin- east bank of the Rio Grande River, three fourths of a mile above thecitj of Laredo, Webb County, Texas. QUARTERS. — There arc no quarters for officers or men. The construction of quarters for one company oi cavalry ami one companj of infantry has, however, been authorized. The command now occupies very poor quarters in the town, at a rent of s.'.Tl per month. DESCRIPTIONS OF .MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 49 Store-hoi ses. — None reported as such. Hospital, gu led-hoi se, &c. — A hospital and warehouse ha\ e been erected by contract ;ii an use of $12,710. A baken I by the labor of the post : and stables and guard- house are now in process of erection by the same means. The hospital i^ built of stone, ward-room for twelve beds. The warehouse is also built of stone, and is ; ■ The route is open the year round. Transportation by contract. Subsistence — six mouths' supply generally kepi on hand. Watee and wood. — The post is supplied by water from the Rio Grande River, hauled in tanks. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — The nearest Indians are located on the wesl side of the Rio Grande, at San Fernando. The most mischievous depredators upon the neighboring settlements are Mexican cattle-thieves. Mines. — The nearest silver and lead mines are at Vallecillo, -Mexico, eighty miles distant. Beds of lignite coal, forty miles above, near Palifox; quality poor; useless except when made into coke. Communications. — Much the nearest mode of communication with civilization is by way of Corpus Christi, distant one hundred and thirty-eight miles. Reservation. — None. Description of the country. — The country between this post and the Nueces River is an uncultivated wilderness. No crops can be raised except by irrigation ; and even with irrigation, crops of all kinds are unremunerative, on account of the sandy nature of the soil. Post gardens have proven failures here from this cause. The river is crossed here by a ferry. The fords, from Eagle Pass down, are too dangerous for use. The climate is dry and excessively hot. Average temperature last fall, 68° oil' • winter, 64° 25' : spring— March and April. 75° 24'. Fall of rain in the last six months, -\ inches. The vicinity is healthy; hut the long-continued heat produces an amemic condition on white men, whichin one or two seasons destroys their energy. The population of the town is about two thousand five hundred, almost entirely .Mexicans. FORT McKAA^TT, TEXAS. (Established in 1852. Abandoned by order of General Twiggs, in LSGO ; reoccupied by United :es troops, April 1, 18CS.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY RANALD S. MACKENZIE, COLONEL TWENTY FOURTH INFANTRY, 0CT0B1 K, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude. 30° 50' north ; longitude, 100° 20' west from Greenwich. The post is situated on the south bank of the San Saba stream, about two miles from its source, and about one hundred and eighty miles northwest from San Antonio. Texas. Elevation, 2,000 feet. Meuardville, twenty-two miles distant, east, is the nearest villa QUARTERS. — For three hundred men (can shelter seven hundred by using mess-buildings!— one stone building, and four plank buildings for non-commissioned staff and mess rooms. Officers' quarters — eight sets, built of stone. All the buildings in good repair, or undergoing repair. Store-] For quartermaster stores — one frame building. 110 by 21 J, by 11 feet. Com- missary store-house— one picket building. 156 by 22 by 8 feet. Forage-house— one frame building. 60 by 20 by 11 feet, with capacity for 6,000 bushels. 7 50 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One frame building, a temporary structure, with capacity for twHvo patients. Guard-house — one stone building, containing two rooms and two cells. One frame building, containing quartermaster, carpenter, wheelwright, blacksmith, and saddler shop. Stabling in cavalry corrals for one hundred aud sixty-two horses : and in quartermaster's corral for one hundred and two animals. Two stone blacksmith-shops, and two forage-rooms, for a mouth's supply of coin each for a cavalry company, in cavalry corrals. Si l'i'LY depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Sun Antonio, Texas, one hundred ami eighty miles distant. The route is by wagon-road, open at all seasons. Supplies principally transported by contract. Subsistence — tour months' supply is generally kept on hand. WATEE AND Wood. — The post is supplied with water from the San Saba River, hauled about •">!!!( yards in tanks. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — The < 'omanche and Kickapoo Indians, as well as a few hands of Apaches, infest and depredate in this country. Mixes. — The country is of limestone formation throughout, with no trace'of metals. Communications. — By private conveyance to Menardville, and from thence by mail-coach to the east or west. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which this post is built is private land, and the lease ices 2,373 acres. DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY. — The country is well timbered with the dwarf varieties of oak ; in the river bottoms, pecan and walnut trees -row to full size, and are abundant. Good gardens can lie maintained along the river bottom by irrigation. The San Saba Creek (or river) takes its source on the west side of the post from several springs, forming in places little lakes, the largest of which is about 1,320 by 300 feet. The grass is of the mesquite and sedge species, and depends upon the length of the annual rains to produce a growth sufficient to be of value in making hay. Climate, mild: seasons, dry. Although there is much cloudy weather, there is very seldom any fall of rain. Average winter temperature, 54° 00' thermometer, and 52° 65' hydrometer. No meteorological record had been kept prior to December, 1869. From May 25, L870, to October 6, 1870, there lias fallen l!i.07 inches of rain. The health of the post is good. The country (except upon the streams) is of but little value for cultivation, and is devoted entirely to raising cattle, which roam at will. Numbers of them are driven off by the Indians, and by white thieves, whose organizations extend from .Mexico through the Indian Territory to .Missouri and Kansas. Horses or blooded stock can noi lie raised on account of such depredations. FORT PIKE, LOUISIANA. (Established in 1840.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY I'. II. REMINGTON, CAPTAIN NINETEENTH INFANTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME.) Location.— Latitude, 30° 10' 50" north; longitude, 89° 13' 15" west from Gr^nwich. The posl is situated on tile right bank of the Rigolets leading from Lake Pontchartrain into Lake Borgne and the Gulf of Mexico. The fort is built of brick, a regular fort with three bastions for Bank defense, containing now six 24-pounder iron howitzers, of an old pattern. It is pierced besides for thirteen guns in casemate, and has beds for twenty four guns en barbette. The case- mate and barbette guns — except the 'howitzers — have been lately dismounted and sold. The fort is surrounded by a moat, 35 to 40 feet wide, and about 5 feel deep in high water, with a very soft bottom. The work is greatly in need of remodelling. There is a two-story brick building inside, inallj intended for soldiers' quarters, but used as officers' quarters — the officers' quarters bavin;;- never been built. The capacity of said building is one company. Quarters. — A poorly built one-story wooden structure, outside, and greatly in need of repair; it would be economy to build new quarters. Officers' quarters — (see Location.) DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 51 Store-houses. — Of the same character, and very insecure, consisting of one room 40 by 15 feet. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One main wooden building for dispensary, cook-house, and (lining-room, &c, with two wings, < for the surgeon's quarters, and the oilier for sick-ward, capa- ble of holding aboul twentj patients, in case of necessity. This structure has been buill later, and is a more sen iceable building ; it is about three-quarters of a mile from the fori . and is quite airy and healthy. Guard-house — two rooms, lo by 15 feel each ; of same character as store house. Supply depots, &c. — The nearesl quartermaster and subsistence depots are al NVw Orleans. Louisiana, distant about thirty-five miles, and of easj access by rail and boats. Subsistence sup- pMes are drawn monthly, and are of g 1 quality. Articles for sale to officers are generally higher than the retail price in the city. Water and wood. — The supply of water is bj means of tanks for catching rain-water. They seldom fail ; and in case of such failure, there is a condenser for the purpose of converting the brackish water of the Eigolets into fresh water. Wood — no information given in relation to. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. COMMUNICATIONS. — Between the post and nearest city by daily steamers and rail. Mails received three times per week, for which a messenger is sent to New Orleans. Reservation. — Embraces all the public lands lying within 1,200 yards of the fort. Description of the country. — There is no arable land on the reservation, the country about for many miles being principally swamp. The land upon which the fort is built is.'' made laud." The climate is quitemild the year round, and the health of the men very g I. FORT QUITMAN, TEXAS. (Established in 1858, abandoned in 1861, and reoccupied January 1. 1868.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY ROBERT NEKI.V. FIRST LIEUTENANT TWENTY t'OURTE INFANTRY, .11 \F. 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 31° 40'; longitude from Greenwich, 106°. Posi office within the limits of the post. The post is situated on the east bank of the Rio Grande, about 500 yards from the river. San Elizario, Texas, sixty miles distant, is the nearest town easl of the Rio Grande: and San Ygnacio, Mexico, thirty-five miles distant, the nearest town on the west bank of the river. Quarters. — Two adobe buildings 26 by 7 4 feet, built originally for two companies of infantry, are at present in an uninhabitable condition. Officers' quarters — four sees, very small, and in bad condition; are habitable in dry weather only. Store-house. — One adobe building, (originally a sutler's store.) containing five rooms. 1 ! by .°>7, 16 by 31, 12 by 18, 14 by 18, and 12 by 14 feet ; is now used as quartermaster and subsistence store houses, and saddler's shop, and is in a dilapidated and very insecure condition, and is inade- quate to the wants of the post. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital — built of adobes, 27 by 7:! feet, in an uninhabitable condition, and is now unoccupied, the patients being quartered in hospital tents. Guardhouse — one building, containing two rooms, 15 by 25 and 15 by 15 feel : is a mere shell, furnishing no pro- tection whatever for guard or prisoners. Bakery — one adobe building, 18 by 26 feet: lias been abandoned as useless. Blacksmith-shop — one adobe building, L8 by _'i> feet, has fallen down, and is entirely useless. Offices — two adobe buildings, containing two rooms each. 14 by 1<> feet, in fair condition; have been built by the present garrison. "With the exception of the last-named, all the buildings at the post are mere shells, are liable to fall down at any time, and furnish no protection whatever in wet weather, to officers or men. Supply depots, &c. — The nearest supply depot is at Fort Union, New Mexico, four hundred and eighty-six miles distant. Route of supply is by wagon-road, open at all seasons of the year. The post is at present supplied from the depot at San Antonio, Texas, five hundred and ninety-five 52 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. miles distant. Route of supply is by wagon-road, very difficuH in the rainy season, owing to the numerous streams to be crossed; supply-trains are sometimes seriously delayed by high water and the boggy condition of the road. Subsistence— three months' supply kepi constantly on Land. Watee and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Bio ('.ramie River, hauled in banks about one-quarter of a mile. Wood— mesquite roots, and cotton- wood— is supplied by contract. Indians.— The nearest Indians are Pueblos, civilized; and Mescal era Apaches, hostile. Mines.— The nearest silver mines in operation are in the Organ Mountains, New Mexico. Communications.— Between the nearest town and the post, is by mail coach. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is situated has been declared in General Orders No. 5, dated Headquarters Post of Tort Quitman, Texas. April 26, 1870. Was surveyed in December. 185S, including surveys Nos. 126, 127, 128, and 129, and contains one thousand two hun- dred and eighty acres, held as reserved. 1 (ESCRIPTION of THE COUNTRY. — There are about fifty acres of arable land on the reservation: but it has never been cultivated, owing to the great difficulty of irrigation. Timber— a bosque of cotton-wood fringes the bank of the river for miles, and covers, in all, twenty-five to thirty acres of the reservation. Grass — grama, an abundant supply on the hills, within easy reach of the post. Tavoso grass on the bottom-lauds. Soil— sandy; slightly alkaline. River rises usually about the 1st of May, overflows its banks in June and July, and remains high until the 1st of September; it is fordable during low water, and can then be crossed without difficulty. There is no Government tern at this post. Climate— mild. The rainy season sets in usually about the 1st of June, and con tinues at intervals until the 1st of August. Average spring temperature, 70°; average winter tem- perature, 1- "'. There is no settlement on or near the reservation other 'than of people in some way ci ected with the post. FORT IJTCirARDSON, TEXAS. (Permanently established February, 1868.) [NFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES OAKES, COLONEL SIXTH CAVA 1. 1 H MAY, L870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, about 33° 18'; longitude, from Greenwich, about 98° 3'. Post office at Jacksboro, the county seat of ■'■ u : > ion County, Texas, one half mile from the post. The post is situated on the south and right bank of Lost Creek, a tributary of the West Pork of Trinity River. The nearest town of any importance is Weatherford, some forty-eight miles south and on the road to Waco and Austin. The nearest post is Port Griffin, distant seventy dive miles, situated on the Clear Pork of the Brazos, in a direction south of west from this pi. Quarters. — Temporary quarters for four companies, three hundred and fifty men — four build- ings, one capable of holding one hundred men, and three buildings, eighty-five men each, in good condition. These quarters are built of 'pickets, covered with shingles, and floored with rough oak and cotton-wood boards; built i>y the soldiers. Store-houses.— One building, containing one room 25 bj 60 feet, tor quartermaster's stoics: two rooms, 25 by 60 and 20 b\ 25 feet, for commissary stores and office for acting commissary sub sistence; also, a temporary picket building, used as a granary, with a capacity of about 3,500 bushels. Hospital, guard souse, &c. — Hospital built of stom — accommodation for twenty-four pa- tients. Guard-house consists of four cells, built of stone; ami two rooms, one for guard and another for prisoners, built of pickets and covered with shingles. A good temporary corral, with roofing for one hundred mules; two stables, capable of holding eighty-five horses each; a good stone magazine, and a blacksmith's shop for two fires, made of pickets. Suppli depots, &c. — Susistence supplies now principally furnished from Jefferson, Texas, distant about three hundred and twenty miles: Austin, Texas, distant two hundred and forty miles, and from terminus of the Texas Central Railroad, distant about one hundred and sixty DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 53 miles. The former east and the latter south of this post. Quartermaster's supplies furnished from An8t.ii], and from San Antonio, eighty miles beyond Austin. The route of supply is by wagon- road, open at all seasons, but in wet seasons very had. Supplies transported by contract. Sub- sistence—six months' supply is generally kepi On hand. Watee and wood. — Water lor the post is obtained from Lost Creek, hauled in a water wa°on about 600 yards. Owing to the dry season Lost Creek has not been running for two months past, and water for the post is taken from a large water hole. Wood is furnished by contract. [ndians. Tin? nearest Indians are on the reservation in Indian Territory, and consist princi- pally of the Kiowas, and different Comanche tribes. Mines:. No well-known or established mines within a reasonable distance of the post. Coal is found from twenty-five to forty miles distant ; that near old Port Belknap has been used in post blaoksmith-shops. Copper is found from fifty to one hundred miles from this post. COM MUNICATIONS. — East, west, and south, by mail coaches ; east and west, semi-weekly : south, weekly. RESERVATION. — The reservation has not been fixed ami approved by higher than post authority. Description op the country. — Only about five acres of arable land on the reservation, and this is being used for a post garden; buf as it cannot b d, and the season thus far has been unusually dry, the garden will not compensate for I Is and lali mded. Ordinary prairie-grass on the reservation and surrounding country, the quantity and quality of which de- pend upon the season. When dry, as at present, the grass is short, and grazing not good. With the exception of a few trees along the bank of Lost Creek, there is no timber on the reservation. The surrounding country is partially covered with post-oak. Soil — on reservation, calcareous and scanty: difficult to cultivate in consequence of the abundance of limestone rock near the sur- face. Climate — changeable in winter, with frequent northers; in summer, warm. High andstrong winds prevail the greater part of the year; during spring, summer, and early fall, from the south ; during winter, from the north. Average spring temperature, 61 ; average winter temperature, i Health of the post good — average. POST OF RINGGOLD BARRACKS, TEXAS. (Established in 1S50; abandoned in 1858 ; reestablished in 1859; in hands: of rebels from 1861 to 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY A. McD. McCOOK, LIEUTENANT COLONEL TENTH rNFANTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, COMMANJ FICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 26° 25' ; longitude, 98° 48'. Cost office. Rio Grande City. The post is situated at the head of navigation on the Rio Grande, and near the mouth of the San Juan River, .Mexico. Nearest towns are Rio Grande City, Texas, one-half mile, and Camargo, Mexico, five miles distant. Quarters. — Brick quarters are being constructed for two hundred men, (two buildings,) and for nine officers, (five buildings.) One of the former is now occupied, and one of the hitter com- pleted — the brick work of the remainder also completed. The old quarters consist of one building, now occupied by two companies, and five buildings for officers' quarters. All built of wood — old and dilapidated. One company is quartered in tents. Store-houses. — One wooden building, one room, 30 by 45 feet, used for commissary stores, in fair order. One adobe building, (private property,) three rooms, used as offices for post quarter master and for commissary stores — in poor order. Two store-houses for quartermaster's stores, hired in Rio Grand City. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Built of wood; accommodation for twenty-five patients; is old- and nearly worthless. Brick-work of new hospital, with accommodation for thirty-six patients, completed. Guard-house — built of brick, new-; has two rooms and three cells. Supply depots, &C — Cost supplied from Brownsville, distant one hundred and twenty miles 54 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. by land, and three hundred miles by river. Route of supply by river. Supplies transported by contract. Subsistence — lour months' supply generally kepi on hand. Water and wood. — Water is obtained from the Rio Grande River. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Mines. — Silver mines near Ceralvo, Mexico, about sixty miles distant. Communications. — By steamerwitta Brownsville, once or twice per mouth ; weekly horse-mail from Brownsville, Corpus Christi, and Laredo. RESERVATION. — One thousand yards square occupied; not surveyed, and no written contract for occupation. Description of the country. — No arable land on the reservation or in the vicinity, except in spots on the river bottom. The remainder lias no practical value. Mesquite is the principal wood. Corn the only crop raised, and of this hardly enough for home consumption. Two crops are grown per year. Grass of good qualitj can be obtained from August until January, at from six to twelve miles from the river. Soil — sandy and alkaline. < 'limate — warm, and seasons dry ; frequently six months and upwards without rain. Temperature from .March to December varies from 80° to 110°; during the winter months varies from 30° to 90°. POST OF SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. (Established in 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY L. P. GRAHAM, COLONEL FOURTH CAVALRY, AUGUST, 1870) COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 29° 28' north; longitude, 98° 24' west from Greenwich. The post is situated in the city of San Antonio, Texas, which is the post office. quarters. — For two hundred and fifty men — three rented stone buildings. Officers' quar- ters — rented houses and rooms in the city. Store-houses. — One room, 48 by 22 feet, for quartermaster's stores, used also as carpenter and saddler shop. No post commissary store house. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Rented stone dwelling — affords accommodation for fortj patients. Guard-house — one stone building, having three compartments — not well adapted for the purpose. Supply depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc in this city. The troops are supplied from the depot commissary. Subsistence — three months' supply always kepi on hand. Water and wood. — The troops are supplied with water from the San Antonio River, which runs through the city; also from cisterns. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Comanches and Eiowas. Mines.— None. Communications. — With all other places, bj stage. I ; eservation.— None. DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY. — The health of the post is very good. DESCRIPTIONS OP MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 55 POST OF SAN AXTOXK) ARSENAL, TEXAS. (Established in 1860.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY T. C. BRADFORD, CAPTAIN ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, AUGUST, L870, COM- . MANDING OFFICEB AT THE TIME. Location. Latitude, 29 28'; longitude, 98 c 10'. The aresnal is situated on the west bank i>f the San Antonio River, and within the limits of the city of San Autonio, which is the posl office. Quarters. — No troops at the post. Three men arc hired as watchmen for the protection of the public property. Officers' quarters— one set, built of soli rock, and in good repair. Wash house— ( two-story stone building 21 by 15 feet, in good repair. Store-hottses.— Magazine — one stone building, 100 by 21 feet— height of ceiling, 16| feet. This structure is built of hewn stone, with walls 4.1 leer thick, and with plain arched stone roof, covered with another root' sheathed with tin, and painted with brown metallic paint. It is in good repair, and is used as a store-house for arms and ammunition. One frame shed, 80 by 20 feet, in good repair, used as store-house for serviceable ordnance stores. Four frame buildings, respect- ively 73 by 24, 12 by 18, 30 by 20, and 20 by 18 feet, in a leaky condition, three of which arc used as storehouses for unserviceable stores, and one as a carpeuter-shop. One building, 57 bj 22 feet, in a leaky condition, used as an armorer's shop, is built partly of hard rock, and partly ol sofl lock. One small house, 15 by 15 feet, in very bad repair, is built of rubble-rock, and is used as a paint-shop. One stable, 52 bj 27 feet, built of adobes, is old and rickety, and in bad repair. Hospital, guardhouse, &c — None. Supply depots, &C. — The uearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at San Antonio, Texas. Water and wood. — The arsenal is well supplied with water by a cistern and wells. An irri- gating ditch is running through the grounds, and the east side of the grounds is bounded by the San Antonio River. Wood is purchased in open market. Indians. — None. .Mines. — None. Communications. — None. Reservation. — The ground on which the arsenal is situated was purchased in L859, and con tains sixteen acres. Description of the country. — None. POST OF SIIREYEPOHT, LOUISIANA. • (Established in 1869.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY WILLIAM J. LYSTER, CAPTAIN NINETEENTH INFANTRY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICES AT THE TIME. • Location. — Latitude, 32° 31'; longitude, 93° 52' west from Greenwich. The post is situated on the south bank of the Red River, and touches the western boundary of the city of Shreveport, Louisiana. The buildings consist of two large brick structures, erected by the rebel ordnance department for repair shops, very dilapidated, and falling into ruins. One small dwelling house and twelve one-story temporary wooden buildings, averaging two 12 by 12 feet rooms, each put up for their workmen. These buildings arc on a red clay hill, which is inclosed on one side by a sluggish bayou, and on the other side by a deep ravine, making it almost an island in wet weather. It is probably the most unhealthy spot in western Louisiana. The acting assistant quartermaster and commissary uses one of the brick buildings as a store-house, that officer and six men remaining 56 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. there to receive and take care of stores. The camp occupied by the garrison is situated twentj miles west of Shreveport, and near the point where' the Southern Pacific Railroad crosses the Texas Hi mile from Poweltou, Texas, posl office and station, 'flic camp is pitched in a grove of oaks, slightly elevated above the surrounding country. Soil sandy, and very dry. Quarters. — Wall-tents having Boors raised from the ground, and arc furnished with bunks. On an average, three men occupj one teul : they are protected from the sun by a light bower running three feet above the ridge pole. Storehouses. — The supplies are kept in a brick building in Shreveport, referred to above ; those for immediate use, and the company property, arc in a puncheon building, HI by in feet. Hospital, guard-house, &v the camp was selected with a view to avoid that influence, it being further from swamp than any other available pi. FORT STOCKTON, TEXAS. i Established — see Locution.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY .!. F. WADE. -MAJOR NINTH CAVALRY, SEPTEMBER, L870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 30° 50' north ; longitude, 102° 35' west. Fort Stockton was reoccupied July 7, 18G7, it having been a one-company infantry post before the war. QUARTERS. — For three companies. Officers' quarters — live sets, containing a total of thirteen rooms. Store souses. — One building, 30 by 13 feet, used for quartermaster and commissary stoics. One building, 30 hy 40 feet, used for granary. One building, 40 by SO feet, used for workshop. One stable. 30 by 25 feet, used tor cavalry horses. Hospital, gki ard-house, &c. — One building, 24 by 1H» feet, containing two wards, office, store-room, dispensary, and dining-room — kitchen separate. Guardhouse — one guard-room, one prison room, ami three cells. Magazine — one building, 12 by 12 feet. The guard-house and magazine arc built of stone: all other buildings at the post are of adobes, with stone foundations. The officers' quarters, hospital, and store-house have board floors and shingled roots. The men's quai k -shops, and granary have dirt floors and thatched (tule) roofs. The stable, magazine, and guard-house have shingled roofs, 'flare is also an adjutant's and quartermaster's office, and quarters for employes, laundresses, &c, built of adobes with dirt roots. Quartermaster's corral — built Of adobe-. St I'l'i.v DEPOTS, &C. — The nearesi quartermaster and commissary supply depots are at San yitouio, Texas, four hundred miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road, open at all DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 57 seasons. Supplies transported by contract. Subsistence — about four months' supply generally kept on hand. Water and wood. — Tlie post is supplied with water from Comanche Creek. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — The nearest Indians, except roving' bands, are in the Guadaloupe Mountains and on the Lower Pecos River. Mines. — None. COMMXTNICATIONS. — The post is on the San Antonio and El Paso mail line. RESEEVATION. — No reservation has yet been rented. The land belongs to private parties. Description of the C0UNTEY. — No available land, except such as can lie irrigated. There is a tine post garden, in which nearly all vegetables grow in abundance. No timber within one hundred miles of the post. Grass good, and in abundance. Climate — mild and dry. The health of the command is excellent, there seldom being more than two or three, men on sick-report. Horses do better than at any other post in this portion of the State. There are several ranches on Comanche Creek below the post, and on Leon Creek, six miles west of the post, with a total population of about five hundred, mostly Mexicans. FGIiT ST. PHILIP, LOUISIANA. (Established — not known.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL L. W. BUSS. MAJOR TWENTY-FIFTH INFAN- TRY, MAY, 1870, COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 29° 21' 52" 74 ; longitude, 80° 26' 55" 90. Located on the left bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Fort Jackson. Quarters. — For one hundred men, one new wooden building. Officers' quarters — two new frame buildings, 17 by 25 feet, condition good. Store-douse. — None reported. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital — one new frame building. 135 by 25 feet, lathed and plastered— accommodation for twenty-five patients. Guardhouse — small board building, near bank of river. Supply depots, &c. — Depot at New Orleans ; supplies transported in steamboats via Missis- sippi Liver. Subsistence — one month's supply kept on hand. WATEE and WOOD. — Water — generally obtained from rain-water cisterns, but in very dry seasons the river water is used. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — None. Communication. — By steamboats — by small boats with Fort Jackson. PiESERVATiON. — Section eleven of township nineteen, range, seventeen east of the southeastern district, of Louisiana. Description of the country. — No timber on reservation, only small willows, and other trees that flourish in swamps, in this latitude. Soil — alluvium. No record at the post to show the average temperature. Mercury seldom, if ever, reaches 100° Fahrenheit in the shade, and ice has formed but twice in the past three winters. The health of the post is remarkably good, con sideling its location, being on the immediate bank of the river, and surrounded by swamp, filled with rank, tropical vegetation. In 1867, during the epidemic of yellow fever, there were cases above and below the post, on the river, but not a case occurred at the post. Fevers arising from malarial poisoning are rare, owing probably to the proximity of salt water. 8 58 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY TOSTS AND STATIONS. POST OF WACO, TEXAS.* (Established — date unknown.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LYNDE CATLIN, CAPTAIN ELEVENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1870, COMMAND- ING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — No information given in relation to. Quarters. — Troops quartered in tents, which are boxed and floored. The inch are as com- fortably situated as could be expected. Storehouses. — Rented in the city by authority from department headquarters. Hospital, guardhouse, &o. — In tents, boxed and floored, and ample accommodations for the sick and the guard. Supply depots, &C. — Depot established at the post. Subsistence — requisite supply on hand. Water and wood. — Spring and well water scarce. Brazos River impracticable, owing to the red rise. Wood plenty. Indians. — None. Mines. — None. Communications. — By mail-coach. Reservations. — Camping-ground rented, by instructions from department headquarters. Description op the country. — A rolling country, well wooded. * Discontinued per Par. II, Department S. 0. 114, September 1'.', 1S70. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE PACIFIC. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE PACIFIC. The Military Division of the Pacific was established in August, 18(56, by General Orders No. 59, A. (i. O., 1866, under the command of Major General II. W, Halleck, who was succeeded by Major General George II. Thomas, .lime 1, 1869, by authority of General Orders No. 10, A. ('.. <)., 1869. Upon the death of General Thomas, (March 28, 1870,) Major General J. M. Schofield was assigned to the command by General Orders No. 41, A. G. O., 1870. The division, as fust constituted, comprised the Department of California, (States of California and Nevada, and Territory of Arizona,) and Department of the Columbia, (State of Oregon, and Territories of Washington and Idaho.) The Department of Alaska was created in March, 1868, (General Orders No. 15, A. G. O., 1868,) and annexed to the Division of the Pacific. Alaska, as a separate department, was discontinued July 1, 1870, (General Orders No. 41, A. G. O., 1870,) and was attached to the Department of the Columbia. The Department of Arizona, to embrace the Territory of Arizona, and "so much of California as lies south of a line from the northwest corner of Arizona to Point Conception, California, was created in April, 1870, by General Orders No. 41, A. G. O., 1870. The Division of the Pacific at present includes the Departments of Arizona, California, and Columbia, and contains within its limits the tribes of Indians enumerated in the following table. compiled from various sources : O R E G O N . INFORMATION GIVEN BY A. B. MEACHAM, SUPERINTENDENT, NOVEMBER, 1870. Tribes. Reservation. Popula- tion. Disposition. \ gent. Post-office add CSS. Grande Eonde . . ...-do ....do ...do 55 74 00 fl 36 189 51 45 llll li 125 49 78 36 83 50 28 91 57 118 101 97 76 218 136 77 11 500 302 334 ■Ml 785 Friendly . . . . . . .do ...do A. r. Meacham, snporintendenl Charles Lafollett, agent do Salem, i Iregon. Grand RondeP.O.. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ]),.. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ^Toledo, i (regon Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do Do. Do. Do. Pendleton, < tregon. Do. Do. Molel Yamhill Oregon. . do do do ...do do do ....do ...do do do ...do ...do do do .. . do do do ...do do . . do ....do . . do . do . ....do do do ....do do do ....do do ... do Tillamook ...do ...do do do do .do ...do ... do do Siletz ....do ...do ...do Benjamin Simpson, agent do Cbasta, Seoton, and Umpqua do do do ■Id do ....do ....do do ...do do Coquills and Port Orfords.. ....do do ....do do ....do do .. do ....do do ....do ...do do do Umatilla do ...do do do Lieut. W. 11. Boyle, 1". S. A., agent do do Walla-Walla ....do do but not on reservation. 02 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. OREGON— Continued. Tribes. Reservation. Pop.ua tion. Disposition. Agents. Post-office add] ess. Warm Springs .. do 253 239 95 57 29 15 580 1117 358 035 136 52 m 113 Friendly . . ... do lo .. do ...do ...do do. do Do. ...do do do ... do do Do. Do ...do Do. Pitt River . do Do. do do Do. Klamath do ... do ..do ...do do do . do ..do but not on reservation. Alsea do ...do . . . do ..do . do . do ....do do do Total 7, 040 IDAHO T E K K ITORI. INFORMATION GIVEN BY SUPERINTENDENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS FOR IDAHO, OCTOBER, 1870. Tribes. Reservation. Popula- tion. Disposition. Agents. Post-office address. 41)0 700 300 400 3,200 256 68 200 520 Friendly ...do Capt. D.M. Sells, U. S. A., agent Lapwai Agencj , Idaho. 1).. ...do ..do ...do do Do . do . ...do do Do do ... do do Do Boise Shoshones and Bru- neau Shoshones. Bannack & Shoshone do ...do ...do Lieut. W. II. Danilsou, U. S. A., special agent. do Koss Fork, Idaho. Do. .do ... do do Do do . .: ...do do Do. Total 6,044 WASHINGTON T E R IS I T O It Y. INFORMATION GIVEN BY MAJOR SAMUEL ROSS, U. S. A., SUPERINTENDENT, OCTOBER, 1870. Tribes. Reservation. Popula- tion. Disposition. Agents. Post-office address. Nisqually, Puyallup, and othei tribes. On reservations .do 828 921 539 3, 38 1 2, 323 355 4, 337 350 192 220 317 1, 177 Peaceable ....do . . . do ...do ...do do .1,. Maj. Samuel Ross, U. S. A., superin- tendent Lieut. J. M. Kelley, I". S. A., agent Lieut. J. M. Hays,TJ.S. A., agent Lii hi J. 11 Hay, U.S. A.,agcnl Lieut, il- D. Hill, U. S \ ngi nl Lieut. J. H. Smith, U.S. A., agent Olympiad *\Y. T. Neeah Hay. VV.T. Olynipia, W. T. Tulalip, YV. T. Simcoe \V T Qainaelts, Quillehutes, &c D'Wamisu and allied tribes. ...do ...do . .lo do < SoTville and other Indians cast of Cast ade Mount's. Satsop I ...do Well disposed Hn-ki u?n ( \\ hiskah J Yal.ainas Not on resii \ ation do 15. 404 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. G3 j\ E V A I> A. INFORMATION GIVEN BY MAJOR II. DOUGLAS, I". 8. A., SUPERINTENDENT FOK NEVADA, OCTOBER, 1870. Bands. Pyramid Lake Band Humboldt Bands Quiu's River Band T03 Band Mixed Banda Oi ki Band Co-zab-y Kami Pe-te-no-go-"wat Band Captain Sam's Band Austin ami Lander Hands Nye County Bands Indefinite Bands Ki-witeh's Hand Tag-wi-na's Band To-boy'a Band Captain John's Band Buck's Band. . . Indefinite Bands Egan Jack's Bands AVasli.xs Tl illl'S. Total. Pali ntes ...do ..do ..do ...do . . . do .. do ... . do .... .. do .... ...do .... ....do .... ...do .... Shoshones ...do .... do ....do ... ...do.... Gogh-utes ...do .... Popula- tion. 475 408 295 100 300 780 3IIII I'll :.:.! 1 425 375 1,482 1,650 1,075 C(I0 1,050 950 800 '.I.'. .-,1111 Disposition. Friendly - . ...do Peaceable Friendly . ....do ....do ....do 12, 7i0 A gent a, Post otliee address. ...do ...do ...do Peaceable Friendly ...do ...do ...do ...do Wild & treacherous Friendly ....do Mai". H. Douglas, F. S. A., superintendent . Lieut..!. SI. Lee. U. S. A., special agent do ....do do do ... .do .do Capt. R. X. Fenton, U. S. A., special agent. do .do. .do. L. A. I rheen, acting agent do do do do do do Lieut. .J. M. Lee. I", s. A., special agent. ( larson ' it.v , Nevada. Do. Ho. Do. Do. Ho. Do. Do. Pioche City. Xe\ ada. Do. Do. Do. Treasure I 'il\ . Nevada. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Carson < 'it v. Nevada. € A L, I F O R X I A . INFORMATION GIVEN BY AGENTS. Tribes, Reservation, Popula- tion. Serranos Tule River Agency.. 1'] ntes I do Notunatee do Yokans Wackchumnabs Knwias LaTacbea Tules Xejons Led Woods 1'itt River Ukies Wylookies Cow Cows Hoopas and others San Luis Key Diegan Coliuillas Various bands, (estimated) Total .do. .do. .do. . do . .do. .do Round Valley Agency do do do do Hoopa Valley Agency SanPasqual Rescrv'u do do 115 1,000 JOCI 40 1;;. 511 150 229 500 82 123 M-i 154 202 s/011 1 , 299 1,257 •J, 5IKI 12, i 1111 23, SOT Disposition, Hostile ...do Friendly . ...do ...do ...do ...do ...do . . . do .. do ...do ...do .. do ...do ...do I eaceable ...do ...do Agents. Post-Office address. B.C. Whiting, superintendent... .John \V. Miller, special agent.... do do .do. .do. do. .do. .do. Lieut. W. II. Andrews, I'.S. A., agent do do do do Cap! S. G. Whipple, TT.S. A. agent Hi ut. A. P.Green, I'. S. A., agent. do do San Francisco, Cal. Tnle River Ind. Keservation.C'al. Do. Do. Do. lie Do. Ho. Do. Round Valley Reservation, < !al. Do. Do. Do. Do. Hoopa Valley Reservation, ' !al 1'uway P. 0., (via San Diego,) Cal. (U DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. iltlKOXl TERRITORY. FEOM REPORT OF LIEUTENANT COLONEL R. JONES TO INSPECTOR GENERAL U. S. ARMY, JULY21, l-i,'J. Tribes. Reservation. Population. Dispoi Agents. Post-office addrt ss. 1,500 750 750 1,800 I 'ill-. iiown. 2, 500 000 Unknown. 4,000 700 Unknown. 2, 000 Unknown. GOO Unknown. 1 000 Peaceabb . .. a ....do ....do ... do do (i,. Peaceable do Hostile ....do . . do Total ir,, 200 ALASKA. FROM REPORT OF MAJOR GENERAL HALLECK TO SECRETARY OF WAR, 1869. Tribes. Population. Disposition. Post -office address Koloshians: Hydas Hcnnegas Chatsinas Tongas and Foxes, (branch of Tongas) Stikeens Kakcs K"iis Koutznous Awka Sundowns and Takos Cbilkahts Boodsua-hoos Hunnas or Hooneaks Sitkas Hyaksand scattering tribes Ki Dains Aleutes Esquimaux Total COO 500 .Mill 500 1,000 1, 200 too 800 800 500 2, 000 1, 000 1,000 1, 200 Unknown. 25, 000 5, i 00 20,000 Hostile .. Peaceful . do.. Peaceful Hostile < Itiii rally unfriendly Bad reputation . Friendly Friendly. Well disposed feetfrom the building, and covered. The officers' quarters are all in good condition. For men — four frame buildings, capable of accommodating four hundred men. Two in fair condition, the remaining two requiring considerable repair. One frame building; three rooms in good condition ; as quarters for regimental non-commissioned staff. For laundresses — four frame buildings, each containing four rooms in good condition; callable of accommodating eighl laundresses. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's and commissary, none.. Supplies drawn from the quarter- master's depol at Wilmington, one mile distant. For ordnance, one frame building in good con- dition, 24 by 1<> feet. Magazine.— < toe ordnance magazine, built of brick, with an <>\ al roof; secure in everj partic ular, and iu good condition ; 1 1 by Hi feet. , DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 71 Hospital. — Two-story frame building, consisting of one lower floor of one ward 40 by 39 feet, together with dining-room, kitchen, surgeon's office, dispensary, storeroom, and steward's room. On upper floor, one ward 40 by 39, and three other rooms for the accommodation of sick officers; capacity for forty-two beds. The hospital building is in excellent condition. GUARD-HOUSE. — Frame building, consisting of one room for officer of the guard, one guard- room, one prison-room, and three cells in fair condition. Corrals.— Two large corrals, 194 by 96, capable of accommodating two hundred horses: require repairs. Supply Depot. — Supplies drawn from Wilmington Depot, one mile distant. Water. — Water is supplied from wells in the barracks, and by means of a water-cart. Wood. — Obtained under contract. Indians. — No hostile Indians near the post. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated is not known to have been declared by the President. The barracks are inclosed by a picket fence 1,638 by 1,480 feet, the ground donated by a citizen living near the barracks when first built. Description op Country, &c. — Country level; soil good and arable; timber, none near the post; grass plentiful in ordinary seasons; climate mild, pleasant, and very healthy. Average temperature of thermometer, 02°.25; hygrometer, 59°.31. BUILDINGS AT WILMINGTON DEPOT. Store-houses. — For quartermaster, two frame buildings, each 80 by 40 feet, 12 feet high to eaves; one used for quartermaster's stores, the other for clothing, camp and garrison equipage. For commissary, one frame building 80 by 40 feet, shingle roof, with floor elevated about four feet from the -round ; capacity, one year's supply for four companies. Granary.— One frame building SO by 40 feet, elevated four feet from ground ; capacity for 000,000 pounds of grain. Hay-room.— One frame building 27<> by 70 feet, 10 feet high; shingle roof ; with floor elevated five feet from ground; capacity for 1,600,000 pounds of hay. Shops, &C. — One frame building, 151 by L5 feet; shingle roof; three rooms, used as saddler's shop, storage of harness, and storage of considerable property. One covered shed, frame, 385 by 15 feet, 12 feet high; floor elevated four feet from ground; used for storage of miscellaneous property. One wheelwright's shop, frame building. 30 by 48 feet, capable of accommodating six mechanics. One blacksmith's shop, frame building, 30 b\ is feet, supplied with two forges. Corrals. — Two, MS by 180 feet, with covered stalls; capable of accommodating three hundred animals. Additional stabling for one hundred horses in rear of granary. Offices. — Depot quartermaster's, one building, 30 by 18 feet, divided into two rooms. Com- missary's, one building, 36 by IS feet, divided into two rooms. CAMP GRANT, ARIZONA TERRITORY. (Established in 1856, under name of Fort Breckinridge.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN J. R. DUNKELBERGER, FIRST UNITED STATES CAVALRY, JULY, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 32° 47' 35" ; longitude, west from Greenwich, ll.'P 37' 15", approximate^ . Post-office and nearest town or settlement, about fifty-eight miles distant. QUARTERS.— For one hundred and eighty men. Those occupied by Troops K, First Cavalry. and F, Third Cavalry, are built of stockade; timber partly rotten; roofs leak badly: buildings totally unfit for quarters. Those occupied by Company I. Twenty-first Infantry, are built of adobe ; roofs leak some, requiring constant repairs. Officers' quarters, ten rooms averaging 15 by IS feet, nine feet high ; one kitchen 12 by 15 feet ; one dining-room 12 by 15 feet— all built of abodes; roofs 72 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. require constant repair, and even then they will leak during rainy season. The officers have no! sufficient room for either comfort or health. Store-houses. — Quartermaster and commissary, with corral attached, 150 by 100 feet— 13 feel high; an adobe building; capacity for supplies for three companies for one year ; roof made of logs and earth, require frequent repairs ; grain-room, capacity for 150, 000 pounds of corn. Hospital. — Hospital built of adobes, consisting of three apartments — one of the apartments 18 by I") feet, 9 feet high, used as a dispensary, office, and steward's room; one for ward-room, 30 by 10 feet, 12 feet high, capacity for ten beds; one for kitchen, 11 by 10 feet, 8 feet high. Roof, logs and earth. Guard-house. — Guard-house built of adobes, consisting of one room 33 by IS feet, 10 feet high. Adjutant's office. — 15 by 32 feet, 10 feet high, built of adobes, and containing two apart- ments — one used for office and the other for a magazine. All buildings are leaky, and require frequent repairs. Corrals. — Cavalry corrals, two; capacity for stabling one hundred and fifty horses; built of logs on the principle of a stockade. This is done more for protection against Indians than weather. Supply depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Tucson, Arizona, fifty-eight miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon road. Supplies can be transported all seasons of the year. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water. — The post was formerly supplied with water from the Rio San Pedro, but lately a well has been dug on the banks of the Arivapa Creek, from which good water is obtained by the water-wagons. Wood. — Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. I: m iians. — Nearest Indians are the Pinal tribe. Communication. — Between post and nearest (own is by wagon. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated contains an area of 2, 031.70 acres, surveyed in February, ISO!), by George M. Wheeler, Corps of Engineers. Soil, climate, &c. — Surrounding country mountainous, with little wood. Corn, wheat, beans, melons, and the usual garden vegetables, except potatoes, can be produced in the valley of the Rio San Pedro, by means of irrigation. Grazing facilities good. With few exceptions the river can be forded at all seasons of the year. Climate during the summer months, hot ; average tempera- ture, G8°.53 thermometer ; hygrometer, 59°.15. Health of locality, except in rainy season, good. CAMP HUALPAI, APJZONA TERRITORY. (Formerly Camp Toll Gate. Established 1S09.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN R. H. POND, TWELFTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY, JULY, 1870, Till'. COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 35° TO' ; longitude from Greenwich. 113° 50'. One mile and a half south- east of Aztec Pass, and forty miles northeast from Preseott. Post-office at Prescott, which is the nearest town. QUARTERS. — For one hundred and fifty men. consisting of common (cuts raised on stockade, four feet high, with floors and adobe chimneys. Commanding officer's quarters built of undressed lumber; roof shingled ; has two rooms and small shed adjoining; condition fair. The remaining officers are in wall tents, floored, with adobe chimneys. Store-houses. — Quartermaster and commissary store-house 103 by •'!•'! feet, and 1 1 feci high, made of pine logs placed upright and filled in with adobe; in very good condition. Capacity for Supplies lor four companies for one year. One grain house 1' I by - I feel, and 10 feel high ; capacity four and a half months' supply for one hundred and fifty horses; aewlj repaired. Harness and meat-house (two rooms) 3G by 15 feet, 9 feel high; made of slabs; newly made. DESCRIPTION'S OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATION'S. 73 Hospital. — Consists of two hospital tents and three wall tents. Two hospital tents and one wall tent used as ward-room, one wall tent for dispensary, and oue wall teul for store-room. Guard-house. — Built of cedar and pine logs, with earth and brush covering for roof, 31 by 15£ feet, and 8 feet high; condition good. Quartermaster and commissary corral built of logs; condition good. Two stables built of logs for cavalry, 154 by •">(> feet, seven feet high : capacity of each stable, thirty ime stalls or sixty-two horses; condition good; roof made of poles with hay cov- ering; needs repairing. One quartermaster stable, LIS by 30 feet, and 6 J- feet high, of same material as cavalry stable ; capacity, tWeuty-six stalls, fifty-two animals ; needs repairs. These stables are well adapted for the climate. Post bake-house, 22^ by Kij, feet, and 8 feet high; capacity for baking for one hundred and fifty men. The bakery is covered with a shingle roof. Supply Depot. — Fort Yuma, California. All stores fortius post are brought up the Colorado River by steamer from Yuma to ( !amp Mojave, and from there transported in citizen trains to t his post ; distance from Mojave to this post, one hundred and twenty-five miles. Supplies can be trans ported for about eight or niue months of the year. The river is very low at certain seasons. Subsistence. — There is about four months' supply on hand. This post has been supplying Camp Rawlins for the past three months. WATER. — This post is supplied with water from a well recently dug. Wood. — Cedar in great abundance on all sides. There is a large quantity of pine within three miles of the post. Fuel is furnished by the troops. Indians. — The Yavapais, or Apache Mojaves, and Hualpais are the nearest tribes of Indians. The former tribe is hostile, the latter is friendly, but do not come within fifty miles of the post. Their country lies near < 'amp Mojave. Communication. — Between this post and Camp Rawlins and Prescott, by mail wagon. RESERVATION. — No reservation is laid off. One square mile is held as reserved. Grazing. — There is abundance of grazing, principally bunch grass or grama, within three miles of the post, on the southeast side. Description. — The post is situated on a gravely mesa ; soil coarse. There is abundance of shade. The surrounding country is very ragged and mountainous. There are formidable canons above and below the post on I he main road, and the post is situated between them with a view to the preservation of the road from attacks by Indians. Vegetables can be raised in the bottom land below the mesa ; soil is very good, being watered by a running stream called Walnut Creek. The only difficulties encountered are the early and late, frosts. Climate mild. This mesa is about 0,000 feet above the level of the sea. CAMP LOWELL, ARIZONA TERRITORY. (Established August 29, 186(5.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL J. G. C. LEE, ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER, TUCSON DEPOT, ARIZONA TERRITORY. Location. — On the east side and adjoining the town of Tucson, the capital of Arizona Territory, a place of about three thousand inhabitants, situated in the valley of the Santa Cruz River, in latitude 32° ll" north, and longitude, 110° 52 ; west, Tucson was first garrisoned by United States troops, May 20, 1862, and occupied until September 15, 1864, when it was abandoned, it having been during this period, as it now is, the depot of supplies for Southern Arizona. In May, 1865, it was reoccupied, and so continued until August 29, 1866, when it was declared a permanent military post under the name of Camp Lowell, in honor of Brigadier General Charles R. Lowell, United States Volunteers, Sixth United States Cavalry, who was killed at Cedar Creek, Virginia. L'eservation. — The records of the original reservation have been lost, but it was recently resurveyed by Lieutenant V. M. C. Silva, Twenty-first Infantry, under orders of Brevet Colonel M. Cogswell, Twenty-first Infantry, commanding post. A report of this survey with map has been orwarded to the Quartermaster General's Office, but the reservation has not yet been declared by K) 74 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. the President. Its boundaries are as follows: Commencing at a point on the overland road from Tucson to Santa F6 designated bj an oak post; thence north 41§ chains ; thence east 88 chains; thence south 41f chains; thence west 88 chains to place of beginuing — being 367 acres and 20,328 square feet. Post-office. — Post-office, Tucson, Arizona Territory. Quarters. — No quarters. The construction of buildings has been authorized, to be done by labor of troops. The command has not since been adequate, so no quarters have been built. Store-houses. — No store-houses. Store-houses for Tucson depot rented in Tucson. Dimension as follows: One 20 by 4H feet and one 16 by 36 feet, for grain ; one 34i by 172 feet for quarter- master's stores and clothing; one 111 by llL'i feet, one i'7J, by 48 feet, and one 41.1 by 15J feet, for subsistence stores. These, with one office 1!»A by 59 feet, a blacksmith shop L'U by 41 \ feet, a car- penter shop 22 by 34 feet, and a saddler's shop 13 by 29 feet, and a corral 273 by 300 feet, are rented at the rate of 8635 per month. Hospital. — No hospital. Hospital rented in town of Tucson; a fine building, well ventilated and healthfully located. Dimensions, 44 by 34 and 43 feet. Rented at ®60 per month. Guard-house. — A very excellent adobe building, 25J by .~>4i feet, in good condition. Magazine. — Built of adobe, 19 by 39 feet — a good building, in good repair. Supply depot. — Tucson, Arizona Territory, adjoining post. Subsistence. — Nine months' supply always kept at Tucson depot. Flour anil beans purchased at depot at low rates. Water. — Supplied by excellent well at the quarters. Wood. — Supplied by labor of troops. A good quality of mesquite to be had within four or five miles. Indians. — The nearest resident Indians are tin 1 Papagos, who are friendly. The Apaches inhabit the neighboring mountains, and make war at every opportunity, frequently coming into the very town and committing depredations. Communication. — By wagon, both to and from post entirely. Roads good nearly all the year; only bad a short period in the rainy season. Description of country, &C. — Surrounding country mountainous, with fertile valley inter- spersed. Timber only on the mountains, difficult of access. Mesquite for wood in the valleys, Cot- tonwood along streams in limited quantities. Corn, barley, wheat, &c, can be raised in the valleys wherever irrigable. The supply of grain for the post is ample. Crass of the kind known as black grama abundant within a few miles. Streams of the country nearly always dry. Only rise with very heavy rains, and fall soon after. Climate hot during most of the year ; evenings and nights usually cold. Average temperature, 69°.67 thermometer; hygrometer, 62°.31. Health usually pretty good, though malarial fevers prevail during summer and fall. Settlements along the Santa Cruz and San Pedro Rivers, and on the Gila to the north. camp Mcdowell, Arizona territory. (Established September, I860.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN GEORGE B. SANFORD, FIRST UNITED STATES CAVALRY, JULY, 1-To. THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — On the west bank of the Rio Verde, seven miles from its junction with the Rio Solado. Latitude, 33° 40'; longitude, 111° 40'. Post office at the post. Maricopa Wells, a trading establishment on the Gila, about fifty miles south southwest, is the nearest settlement. A farming settlement, called Phoenix, is growing np at Salt River, about thirty miles southwest from here. QUARTERS. — For fifty men, built of adobe; mud roof, 'these quarters are occupied by a troop of cavalry. The rest of the garrison, two troops of cavalry and two companies of infantry, are quartered in "A" tents, protected from the sun during the summer months by shelters of willow brush. The officers' quarters consist of four buildings for company officers, and one for the com- DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 75 manding officer. They are of adobe, with mud roofs; old ami leaky, need continual repairs, ami cannot stand much longer. They were built in the winter of L865-'G6, bj the labor of the troops. Store-houses. — One adobe building, L30 by 23 feet, divided into four r< is. two being used for quartermaster property, one as a commissary store-house, aud one as an office. Capacity for supplies for four companies for six months. Two looms of another building are used as grain store- house. They will hold about 200,000 pounds of bailey, equivalent to two months' supply for the present garrison. Hospital. — Adobe building ; mud roof ; 120£ by 23 feet ; divided into six rooms. First, the surgery; second, the ward; third and fourth, the store; fifth, dining -room ; sixth, kitchen. The ward is 35.9 by 19A feet, and 12 feet high. Capacity, eleven beds, with 750 cubic feet of air space each. GUARD-HOUSE. — Adobe, mud roof; in poor condition; old, leaky, and insecure. Quartermaster's corral built of logs, with brush shades. In as good order as is possible, considering material used ; cavalry corral built of logs, with shades, store-rooms, and shops ; in good order. They are three in number, each adapted to contain a troop of cavalry horses. SUPPLY DEPOT. — The nearest is Yuma Depot, at Fort Yuma. California, two hundred and forty miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon road. Supplies cau be transported at all seasons of the year. Perhaps once in two years the Gila and Rio Solado are unfordable for a month in the spring. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is always kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied by water-wagon from the Rio Verde. A well. 75 feet deep, is just beiug finished. It has about 7 feet of water at present. Water sweet and pure. Wood.— Mesquite, furnished by labor of the troops. After the 1st of October next, it will be supplied by contract — 1,000 cords, more or less. INDIANS. — The nearest friendly Indians are the Pimos and Maricopas, living on the (Mia, fifty miles distant. The hostile Indians are the Apache Mojaves, Tonto Apaches, Pinal Apaches, and Coyotero Apaches. These bands live in the Massosal, Sierra Audio, Pinal Mountains, and White Mountains. They all make raids in the country adjacent to this post, and are boldest aud most destructive in the early spring and iu the fall about harvest time. Communication between post and nearest town is by wagon. Reservation has not been declared by the President. A tract of land containing about four- teen .square miles (7 miles by 2 1-21 miles) is held as a reservation. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country hilly and sandy, not arable; bottom land good. A Government farm containing about 150 acres cleared land, with an acequia four miles long, is under cultivation. It is leased by the Government one year at a time. The lessee supplies the post with long forage, consisting of barley, hay, and sorghum. A portion is laid off as a post garden, and is under the superintendence of the post treasurer. All kinds of vegetables grow well. Grass, of the variety called grama, grows freely after the rains. For the last two years there has scarcely been any, owing to the lack of rain. The Rio Verde is generally fordable ; during the freshets it is unfordable ; it is never dry. Climate mild in winter and extremely hot in summer. Snow never falls. The vicinity of this post is occasionally visited by terrific storms of wind, rain, and hail, accompanied by thunder and lightning. They generally occur in the summer months, and the damage to property is often very great. Altitude above sea, 3,000 feet. Mean average of temperature from June 10, 1800, to July 1, 1S70, hygrometer, dry bulb 70.00; wet bulb, 02. During the summer months the thermometer occasionally rises as high as 120° F. iu the shade. 7(3 DESCRIPTIONS OP MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. CAMP MOJAVE, ARIZONA TERRITORY. (Established 1858.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN M. H. STACY. TWELFTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY, AUGUST, 18/0, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Locaiton. — The post is situated on a mesa, on tlio left bank of the Colorado River, about sixty feet above the water, in latitude 35°24'; longitude, 114° 31' 10" approximately west of Greenwich. Altitude, 600 feet approximately above sea. It is two hundred miles distant from Los Angeles, California; one hundred and thirty-two miles from Camp Cady, and one hundred and sixty-five miles from Prescott, Arizona Territory, rost-offiee at the post trader's. Mail facilities limited to once a week up and down the river; rarricd on horseback; requires fifteen days for mail matter from San Francisco, and twenty-live from Washington. Quarters. — The post is built in the shape of a parallelogram, and consists of two adobe buildings, each 35 by 90 feet, on the north side ; an adobe guard-house, 22 by 35 feet, and an adobe commissary, •'!•""> by 90 feet, on the east side ; two sets of officers' quarters in an adobe building 40 by 60 feet, on the south side. The water-tank near the river is located on the west side. In addition, there is an old log building (logs on end) to the left of the officers' quarters near the river, and another log structure of the same character on a line with the men's quarters, used for offices for the adjutant, quartermaster, and commissary. One of the buildings for the men is completed and occupied ; the other is now being roofed. The guard-house lias a dirt roof, but requires a shingle roof also to complete it. The officers' quarters consist of three rooms each en suite, nearly of the regulation dimensions. The roof is double— one of dirt the other of shingles— extended to cover a piazza 10 feet wide surrounding the building. The "kitchens are in rear. Stoke-houses.— Consist of the commissary, 90 by 35 feet, and 15 feet high ; shingle roof, and with a capacity to contain supplies for two companies for one year. Building in good order. There are also two other old buildings, made of logs with dirt roofs— one used for issues of small stores (canned fruits. &c.) and barley, the other for the storage of odds and ends. Hospital. — The hospital buildings are located 200 feet to the north of the parade ground and in the rear of the company quarters. They consist of ward, facing to the east, 20 by 39 feet, built of logs, stockade fashion ; a dispensary, 20 by20 feet, facing the south ; a store-room, 11 by il feet, in rear, built of adobe. The roof and floor of earth. A wide porch covered with earth surrounds the building to the east and south. The kitchen and dining-room arc in a detached building, con- structed of poles, willow rods, and mud, with earthen floor and roof; dimensions :;i) by 16 feet. The latrines are 100 feet to the west and rear, and are kept sweet by frequent coverings of earth. There is also a good cellar andan oven. A bath-room and an additional store-room has been built ou the north end of the ward. Capacity of ward, 7,800 cubic feet, well ventilated. Number of beds, eight. The hospital grounds are inclosed by a slight fence, thus securing privacy. Guard-house.— Is divided into three apartments. The front room is used by the guard, the other two as cells for prisoners. All the above buildings, except the hospital, were constructed by the troops, with the aid of two or three citizen carpenters. Corral is located 200 yards cast of the commissary, is about eighty yards square. Animals protected from the weather by brush shelter. SUPPLY DEPOT. — At Port Yuma depot, California, three hundred miles distant. Supplies are carried up the Colorado River by small stern-wheel steamers towing barges. This river is easily navigable by the class of vessels used from the middle of April until first of November, but during the remainder of the year with more or less difficulty, owing to the formation of sand-bars and shifting channel. Subsistence. — For six months is usually kept on hand for the garrison. WATER.— The post is bountifully supplied with water from flic Colorado River by a six-horse power steam pump, and a tank capable of holding 6,000 gallons, which is conducted bj pipes to all parts of I he post. WOOD.— The wood heretofore has been furnished partly by Indians, partly by the labor of the t loops, and by purchase in open market. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 77 Indians. — A branch of the Mbjave tribe, numbering bi tween 2,500 and 3,000, who have never been on the reservation at La Paz, occupy the river bottom between the post and the Needles. Hualpais and Piutes also visit the post. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is a desert, except in the river bottom. This bottom, which extends thirty miles down the river and varies from one mile to live in width, is cut into by sloughs. In the immediate vicinity of these sloughs the Indians produce wheat, corn, beans, and melons, but they subsist principally on the mesquite bean. All the above grow abundantly after seasons of overflow. The overflows occur in May and June, the river reaching its highest point towards the end of the latter month, and are caused by the snows melting in the mountains to the northward. There has been none to speak of during the last two years, and the grass and all kinds of vegetation dependent upon it an- very scant in consequence. The hay used at the post this year will have to lie hauled from thirty-five to forty miles. The climate is extraor- dinarily dry and oppressively hoi from the 1st of May until about tin' 1st of November. There are two rainy seasons, -Inly and August, and December and January; but, the rains are few in number and small in quantity. The prevailing winds are from the north and south, and blow five months each way, with almost the regularity of the trade winds, interspersed with terrific sand storms. There are about two months of variable winds at the changes of the seasons. Sometimes alight scum of ice forms in the winter on still water, but infrequently. The? post is considered healthy, apart from the prostrating influence of the heat on the system, and the impossibility of procuring fresh vegetables and fruits in proper quantities. Troops should not remain more than two summers at this post, and cannot do so without permanent injury to the constitution, winch is developed upon removal to a colder climate. Daring the month of July the thermometer indicated, dry bulb 95.86, wet bulb81.63, averagemean. Highest point reached, ] IIP. Animal mean tempera- ture for 1869 — dry bulb 73°, wet bulb, 71°. Amount of rain, 2 49-100 inches. NEW SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1851.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT E. T. ('. RICHMOND, SECOND ARTILLERY, UNITED STA1 ARMY, AUGUST, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude. 32° 40' 13"; longitude from Greenwich, 117' 27 20". Post -office in the city of New San Diego. To the north, San Francisco is distant about five hundred and fifty miles. To the south, Mazatlan is distant about seven hundred and fifty miles. The harbor of New San Diego is second to none on the Pacific ('oast, being completely land-locked, and containing a chan- nel twelve and a half miles in length, and averaging nearly half a mile in breadth, with a depth varying at different points of from twenty to fifty-one feet at low water. Quarters. — Barracks built of wood, Id by lot) feet; two and a half stories high ; capacity for three hundred men. Kitchen and bakery 22 by 100 feet; zinc. Laundress quarters and wood- shed 20 by 79; wooden. Guard-house. — Guard-house wooden, 25 by 18 feet. Office. — Office 22 by 35 feet ; wooden. Corrals. — Stables, one and a half stories, 23 by -"it feet, wooden. Two wings to stable, one story each, 14 by 30 feet ; wooden; used for storing grain, &c. Shed in corral for animals, one and a half stories, L'l) by 35 feet; wood. Large corral. HospiTAL.-^-Hospital built of wood; one story. 13 by 15 feet. Subsistence. — Four months" supply is usually kept on hand. Supply depot. — Tin; nearest quartermaster and subsistence depot is at Wilmington, Cali- fornia. Water. — The post is supplied by water, hauled a short distance, and purchased. Wood. — "Wood is purchased. 78 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Indians. — The nearest Indians are those on the San Pasqnal Reservation, called Diegans. < JOMMUNICATION. — Once a week by steamer, and tri-weekly overland mails from San Francisco, and bi-weekly to Tucson and points in Arizona. Reservation. — Town blocks Nos. 31 and 39, and half block No. 18, in town of San Diego, adjacent to barracks, &c. Description of country, &c. — The post is situated in the town of New San Diego, adja- cent to two wharves on the bay. San Diego contains a population of about three thousand. The surrounding country is rolling prairie, and mountains within about twenty miles. Dry and parched seasons are prevalent, but in seasons when there is rain the land is found to be singularly produc- tive. There is plenty of timber in the mountains, distant about twenty miles, where also within a distance of titty miles excellent gold mines have recently been discovered. San Diego Town is the prospective terminus of the Southern Pacific Railroad, and is handsomely situated and rising in importance. ( !AMP THOMAS, ARIZONA TERRITORY. (Established 1S70.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT MOSES HARRIS, FIRST CAVALRY, DECEMBER, 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude and longitude unknown. Post situated one hundred miles nearly north of Camp Grant, Arizona Territory, near the White Mountains, on White Mountain River. Post- office at Camp Bowie, Arizona Territory, about one hundred and eighty miles distant. The nearest town is Tucson, Arizona Territory, about two hundred and thirty miles distant. Quarters. — Quarters in course of construction for two hundred men. Twenty buildings 18 by 2<) feel: 11 feet high; built of logs, with board roofs. Kitchens and mess-rooms, none built. Contemplated: Three separate buildings, each 20 by (SO feet, 11 feet high, to be built of one-iuch lumber. Laundresses" quarters, none built. Contemplated : One for each laundress, 18 by 20 feet, 11 feet high, to be built of logs, with board roof. Officers' quarters, none built. Contemplated : Nine sets, each two rooms is by 20 feet ; 11 feet high; separated by a hall ten feet wide. Kitchens, separate buildings in rear, 10 by is feet; 11 feet high; all to be built of logs, with board roofs. Quartermaster's office is by 20 feet; 11 feet high; built of logs, with board roof. Adjutant's office to be. of the same dimensions and material. Store-houses. — In course of construction two quartermasters', one 21 by loo feet, 11 feet high ; one 21 by 75 feet, 11 feet high; both stockade of logs, with board roofs. One for subsistence stores, 2i by 100 feet; 11 feet high; same material as the quartermaster's; capacity for supplies for four companies for one year. Hospital. — The hospital is at present in tents. Plan for permanent one not yet determined upon. (lUARD-HOUSF,. — In course of construction, of logs, 18 by 20 feet ; 11 feet high, with board roof. Prisou-room attached; stockade of logs ; is by is feet; 9 feet high ; covered with logsj and a board roof. MAGAZINE. — None built; plan not yet determined upon. Corral, &c. — One corral in course of construction, L20 bj I80feet; '.Meet high; built of one-inch lumber; divided by two partitions, making three corrals, each (JO by 120 feet, with a shed all around the inside of each corral ; capacity for two troops of cavalry, and seventy-live animals of the Quartermaster's Department. SUPPLY DEPOT. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depol IS at Tucson, Arizona Territory, two hundred and thirty miles distant. The route of supply is over a wagon road via old Camp Goodwin, Arizona Territory. Supplies can be transported from the Lst of Maj bo the Lsl of January. II is not vet known whether they can be transported at other seasons or not. Subsistence. — No definite instructions have as yet been received as to the amount to be kept on hand. DESCRIPTIONS OF .MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 79 Water. — The White Mountain River, which runs within 200 yards of the post, supplies the garrison with plenty of excellent water. Wood. — There is an abundance of wood close at hand, which is supplied by the labor of the troops. INDIANS. — The nearest Indians are the < Soyotero Apaches, in whose country the post is located. Communication. — Between the post and nearest town is by wagon road and trail. Reservation. — The reservation has not yet been declared by the President, but the following is reserved by instructions received from Headquarters Military Division of the Pacific : Starting at the point of intersection of the boundary Viet ween New .Mexico and Arizona with the south edge of the Black .Mesa, and following the southern edge of the Black Mesa to a point due north of Sombrero or Pluinoso Butte ; thence due south to said Sombrero or Plumoso Butte; thence in the direction of the Picache Colorado to the crest of the Apache Mountains, following said crest down the Salt River to Pinal Creek ; and thence up the Pinal Creek to the top of the Pinal Mountains ; thence following the crest of the, Pinal Range to the Cordilleras de la Gila, the Almagra Mountains, and other mountains bordering on the north bank of the Gila River to the New Mexico boundary near Steeple Bock ; thence following said boundary north to its intersection with the south edge of the Black Mesa, the starting point. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is mountainous. Soil, red clay. The valleys are extremely fertile. Corn and most kinds of vegetables are raised with but little labor. The. hills and valleys are covered with line grass, which affords excellent grazing for animals nine months in the year. There is an abundance of good pine timber in the vicinity of tin- post. The climate is mild during the summer, with no extreme heat. During the months of July and August rain falls nearly every day. The winter climate is as yet unknown. Health of locality unknown, but supposed to be good. A good wagon road has been constructed by the troops to the Zuni Villages, New Mexico, distant about one hundred and ten miles, which gives communi- cation with Fort Wingate, New Mexico, about one hundred and sixty miles distant, and Santa Fe, New Mexico, about three hundred miles. CAMP VERDE, ARIZONA TERRITORY. (Formerly Camp Lincoln. Established in the spring of 1864 by order of Captain John S. Mason, Seventeenth United States Infantry, brigadier general of volunteers, commanding the district, its location at that time being about five miles south of the present site. In the spring of 1866 it was changed to its present locality, and in consequence of there being two posts of the same name in the department or division, it was changed to that of Verde.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL W. HARVEY BR< >W.\. CAPTAIN TWENTY-FIRST UNITED STATES INFANTRY, .111. V 29, 1*70, THE COMMANDING OFFICE); AT THE TIME. Location. — In latitude 34° 35' north; longitude, 112° west, in the valley of the Rio Verde, about three hundred yards from the same, upon a mesa or table land, and about half a mile from the juctiou of the Verde with Beaver Creek, which is below the site. Altitude, 3,500 feet. Posl office at Prescott, the nearest town, distant forty miles. Quarters. — There are two adobe buildings 100 by 28 feet: shingle roofs ; no floors; well ventilated and lighted; wanned by two open chimneys in each barrack: foundations of stone are completed for the mess-rooms anil kitchens, but at the present time troops are compelled to take their meals in their quarters. The temporary kitchens are small stockade structures, about 12 by <> feet, covered with shelter tents. Officers' quarters: Those occupied are built of logs and adobes, but are imperfect and not suitable, consequently most of the officers are living in tents. Store-houses. — There are none at the post, although large foundations are completed for the same. At present the stores are kept in one-half of the barrack room before mentioned. The bakery is built of adobes, covered with shingles; very complete in its arrangements, Inning a baking 80 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. capacity of one hundred and fifty rations. Smith and wheelwright shops; stockade buildings covered with boards. Hospital. — The hospital is built of adobes, shingle roof, not plastered, 96 feel long, with a ward 35 by :.'.'! feet, and four rooms and kitchen, 13 by 17 feet each, that are used for dispensary, store-room, dining-room, and surgeon's quarters — the steward occupying a tent near by. Guardhouse. — The guard-house is built of adobes, 30 by 24 feet, in two apartments, covered with board, though not secure from leakage. Supply depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depot is at Fort Yuma. California, distant six hundred miles. The mute of supply is by water from San Francisco to La Paz, thence by wagon road two hundred and twenty-two miles. Subsistence. — Ninety days' supplies required to be kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied with drinking water from a spring by wagons, distant half a mile; for washing, cooking, &c, from the Verde River; it is also used in the winter season for drinking. "\\'(>oi>. — Wood is furnished by labor of the troops, and consists principally of drift-wood. Indians. — The nearest Indians are the Tonto Apaches, Coyoteros, Moquis, (Pueblo,) and they are scattered in wandering bands, except the last mentioned. Communication. — Prescottis the nearest town, distant forty miles. It is also the nearest post-office. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by any order known to the post commander, the only information he has received being from an enlisted man of Company C, Twenty-first Infantry, who assisted Lieutenant Wilson, of the Engineer Depart- ment, in this survey. This man states that the survey was made three miles square. In addition to this, a reservation for a post garden on Clear Creek, five miles south of the post, two and a half miles long and half a mile wide, was surveyed. The lines or corners on each survey were properly Staked off and marked U. S. P., though there is no map or record at the post referring to either. DESCRIPTION OP COUNTRY, &C. — In a beautiful valley, with the Rio Verde and Leaver Creek passing through the same; surrounding country mountainous; soil of a sandy nature ; pasture iu abundance; timber plenty, such as pine, walnut, ash, oak, cotton wood, sycamore, &c, within five miles of the post. Considerable corn, barley, &c, raised in the vicinity in river bottom. Liver fordable at all seasons, and never known to be dry, as most others are in this Territory, at certain seasons. Climate mild, generally warm -during summer months. Thermometer from August, 1869, to July 1870, inclusive, aggregate 62°.63; extreme heat, 1L~> ; extreme cold, 23°. Hygrometer for same period — aggregate, 53°.S3; extreme heat, 100°; extreme cold, 22°. Quantity of rain for same period, -1.91 inches. The rainy season is from July 1 to September 1. Health of the valley excel- lent. Three persons are engaged in agricultural pursuits. FORT WHIPPLE, ARIZONA TERRITORY. (Established May is, 1866.) DEFORMATION FURNISHED i:\ LIEUTENANT COLONEL FRANK WHEATON, TWENTY FIRST UNITED STATES INFANTRY, JULY, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 34 c 29' <<" north: longitude, 112° ::.; feet, 14 feet high, divided into three rooms, two 31 by 121 each; the other 4L by 121 feet. Separate shingle roots over each. Corral. — Corral built of adobe, 240 feet long on the north side, 210 feet on the east side. Walls 12 feet high, 18 inches thick. Supply depot. — This is the supply-depot for the Territory of Arizona. Subsistence. — Six months' supply for the Territory kept on hand. WATER. — The depot is supplied from the Colorado River by means of a steam-pump and tank, built of stone, 24A by 12£ feet. Prom this tank water is distributed through iron pipes to all parts of the depot. Wood. — Wood is furnished by the employes. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Yumas, Mojaves, and Cocopas. Reservation. — The reservation on which the depot is situated has been surveyed and marked by durable posts. A plat and description of the same are in the possession of the officer in charge. Description of country, &o. — Surrounding country hilly. Soil (rock and land) not arable. No timber. No vegetables or grain can be raised. Climate exceedingly hot in summer. FORT YUMA, CALIFORNIA. (Established in 1852.) ^FORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN R. C. PARKER, TWELFTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — At confluence of Colorado and Gila Rivers. Latitude, 32° 23' 3" ; longitude, 111° 30' 9". Height above sea-level, 355 feet. Post-office at Arizona City, Arizona Territory, on the opposite bank of the Colorado River. QUARTERS. — The commanding officer's quarters is a building 34 by 50 feet, isolated, and surrounded by verandas; well ventilated and commodious. The officers' row consists of one double house 55 by 43 feet, intended more especially for families; also three similar double houses, 43 by 39 feet, for single officers, and are in like manner good, and need but slight repairs. The quarters for the enlisted men consists of two sets, with room for two hundred meu. They are commodious one-story buildings of adobe, with walls three feet in thickness, inclosing an air-space, and neatly plastered ; ceiled above, floored beneath ; thoroughly ventilated ; metal roofed; and surrounded by broad verandas. A cellar extends beneath one of the entire set of quarters. The laundresses' quarters are comfortable adobe buildings, with board floors; are in good locations. They, as also the company's quarters, need slight repairs. Store-houses.— Quartermaster's, 44 by 148 feet; commissary and medical purveyor's com- bined, 40 by 81 feet, with a board partition running through the center of the building; similar in construction to the company quarters. Hospital. — The hospital is 38 by 84 feet ; one-story (12 feet) high ; like other buildings of the post, made of adobe; metal-roofed; entirely surrounded by an open awning; admirably located, and well adapted for the purpose. Divided into two large wards, dispensary, store-room, steward's room, and bath-room. Capacity of rooms: East ward is IS by 30 feet; area, 67^ feet; air-spare per bed, 810 feet. West ward, .".0 by 40 feet ; area, 12:1 feet ; air space per lied. L.600 feet. Store- room 8 by 12 feet, furnished with shelves. Steward's and bathrooms about the size of the store- room. The building needs some repairs. Guard-house. — An adobe building, 41 by 23 feet ; has a basement extending under a portion of it, which is partitioned off into cells 4 by 8 feet, with the ground for a floor. Being below the surface of the ground, these cells are badly ventilated, and that only from above. A large room directly over these cells is used for ordinary prisoners. The building is in poor condition, and needs repairs. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 83 Corral. — Corral is built of logs; contains a long shed or shelter, under which are tied all the animals belonging to the post. The roof of the shed is of logs and arrow-brush. It is in poor condition, and needs considerable repairing. Supply-depot. — The nearest quartermaster's and subsistence depot is distant about a quarter of a mile — Yuma Depot, Arizona Territory. The route for supplies is across the < 'olorado River by ferry, and can be transported all seasons of the year Shops, &C. — Carpenter's, blacksmith, and paint shops. A one-story adobe building, 27 by 114 feet; is little used and needs repairs* The. bake-house is a one-story adobe building, 2 bj 38 feel ; in constant use and in good condition. Arsenal. — A one-story adobe building, 22 by 32 feet; has aboard floor; one window; con- tains a small quantity of ordnance and ordnance stores, &c., and is in good condition. Magazine. — An underground room, distant from the guard-house 75 feet, with stone walls G feet thick ; board floor; perfectly dry and safe. It has double doors, the outside one of iron, and securely locked. Engine-house. — A one-story adobe building, 23 by 24 feet; contains a good engine and pump complete, which supplies water in abundance for the entire post. Subsistence. — A reserve supply of two months always on hand, of the components of the ration ; also a good supply of canned fruits, vegetables, &c, for sales. Water. — The post is well supplied with water from the Colorado River by the stationary steam-engine, which pumps the reservoir full everyday. Pipes running underground lead from the reservoir to every building at the post. Wood. — Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — The nearest are the Yumas, about five hundred in number. Communication. — Between this post and nearest towns, except Arizona City, Arizona Territory, is by stage, twice a week. Reservation. — On the north side of the river. On the north by an east and west line at a point three miles due north of the flag-staff. On the south of the Colorado takes in Yuma Depot, Arizona Territory, and so much of the land commencing on the south bank of the river 100 feet below the line of the cable of the ferry, and running due south 300 feet, and thence due east to the Gila River. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country in immediate vicinity of the post is low and flat. Soil sandy and full of alkali ; not arable. Timber scarce; mesquite and cotton wood on the flats and along the banks of the Colorado river. No vegetables can be raised. The experi- ment has been often tried and as often failed. The soil of the adjoining flats contains too much alkali, and there are no facilities for irrigation. Streams rise during the latter part of May caused by the snow melting in the mountains of Nevada. Climate very warm during summer months. Average temperature for May, June, and July, 1870. Thermometer, dry bulb, 91.50; wet bulb, 85.3. Health of locality, good. DEPARTMENT OF CALIFORNIA. POSTS DESCRIBED. Alcatraz, Fprt, California. Angel Island, California. Benicia Barracks, California. Bidwell, Camp, California. Gaston, Camp, California. Halleck, Camp, Nevada. Independence, Camp, California. McDennit. Camp, Nevada. Point Sim Jos6, < !alifornia. Presidio of Sao Francisco, California. Winfield Scott, (amp, Nevada. Wright, Camp, California. Ynki Buena Island, California. FORT ALCATRAZ, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1859.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY FIRST LIEUTENANT JAMES E. EASTMAN. SECOND ARTILLERY, SEPTEMBER, 1870, ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Harbor of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco is about four miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For three hundred men, frame built, in good condition. Officers' quarters in citadel, in good condition. Hospital. — In citadel, consisting of four apartments. One of the apartments used as a dispensary, office, and steward's room; two for wards, capacity for sixteen beds; and one foi store-room. Guard-house. — Guard-house built of brick; in good condition. Store-houses. — Commissary store-house 40 by 20 feet ; quartermaster's store-house, three rooms, 10 by 10 feet. Supply depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at San Francisco, California. The supplies are sent by quartermaster's steamer General McPherson, and by schoon- ers and sloops. Subsistence. — Two mouths' supply is usually kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied with water by contract. Wood. — Wood is furnished by contract. Communication. — Between post and San Francisco is by quartermaster's steamer General McPherson. Description. — Harbor of San Francisco, California. ANGEL ISLAND, CALIFORNIA. (Established September 12, 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN I.. VIVEN, REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTER TWELFTH INFANTRY, ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER \M> ACTING COMMISSARY SUBSIST ENCE. Location. — Latitude,37 c 18' north; longitude from Greenwich, L22° 26'. Post-office at San Francisco, five miles distant. Nearest settlements i<> Camp Reynolds, the post headquarters, are DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 85 Old aud New Saucelito, about three miles west; Alcatraz Island, two and a half miles southwest ; Fort Point, three and three-quarter miles south-southwest; Presidio of San Francisco, three and live-eighth miles southwest by south; San Francisco, five miles southwest; and to Camp Blunt, which is situated on southeastern portion of island. The nearest settlements are Alcatraz Island, one and three-quarters miles west ; Verba Buena island, three and five-eighths miles south by east ; Oakland, six and three-eighths miles southeast. Quarters. — At Camp Reynolds the quarters consist of two wooden barracks, built in 1864, for one hundred men; floors are in poor condition, and require frequent repairs. Officers' quarters consist of one set for the commanding officer, and six sets of two rooms, with kitchen to each, in three houses, built of wood; condition good. The married soldiers' quarters are two double cottages, with two rooms and attic in each set; condition good. One of the sets is occupied by the ordnance sergeant of the post; the remaining three sets by married soldiers and their wives. More buildings are required for them. At the present time there are twenty here, ten occupying tents. A large and new barrack is required for the recruits at depot, two buildings now occupied by them beiug mere shells of houses, requiring frequent repairs, and belonging to the Engineer Department. There being no offices at the post, one of the sets of rooms is occupied as an office for the commanding officer aud adjutant. The quarters at Point Blunt consist of one wooden barracks for seventy-five men, in good condition. Officers' quarters for one captain aud two subalterns, in good condition. Store-houses. — For quartermaster and commissary, there are none. A building of wood, built by the Ordnance Department, is used for the purpose. It is two stories high, 45 by 21 feet ; first story 6J feet from floor to ceiling; second story 1- feet from floor to eaves; condition good ; capacity for supplies for three companies for sixty daj s. It would be better if an additional build- ing could be had, so as to separate the departments. Hospital. — Built of wood; shingle roof; erected in 1869; all in excellent order, and built according to plan of April 27, 1867, from Surgeou General. Accommodates fourteen beds. Central building two stories, 35 by 36 feet; one ward 45 by 25 feet; one story high; 15 feet from floor to eaves; 21 feet in clear from floor to ridge; divided into ward, bath-room, and water-closet. Central building divided into dispensary, office, dining-room, kitchen, and morgue on lower floor, and live rooms on upper floor. Guardhouse. — Built of wood; shingle roof; in good condition; divided into guard-room, prison-rooms, and four cells. One of the rooms used by commissary for a flour room. Bake-house. — Built of wood, 49 by 17 feet ; shingle roof; capacity for baking 1,600 rations; condition, poor — requires new floor and other repairs. W< iRK-SHOPS. — Built of wood ; board and shingle roofs ; in good condition. Carpenter's shop I'd by 35 feet; S feet from floor to eaves. Blacksmith shop 18 by 24 feet ; 8 feet from floor to eaves. Harness shop 12 by 10 feet; 8 feet from floor to eaves; one-half of this room used as a granary. Stables. — Built of wood; shingle roof ; requires a few repairs; has seventeen stalls, each 9 by 5 feet, with a loft for the storage of hay aud straw, and an ambulance shed. Boat-houses.— At Camp Reynolds and Point Blunt, 40 by 18 feet; built of wood; in good condition,- excepting the piles upon which the one at Camp Reynolds is built. These have been badly worm-eaten, and will soon require to be replaced. AVharves. — The wharf at £amp Reynolds isl75 by .">1 feet, with an addition of 51 by 20 feet: in poor condition; dangerous and requires considerable repairs. A new and more substantial one should be constructed, running out forty feet farther into the bay. The wharf at Point Blunt is 100 by 50 feet; in good condition. Both wharves are built of wood. Chapel.— The old hospital on the northwest of island has the ward. 24 by 24 feet, fitted up as a chapel, with twenty benches to accommodate two hundred persons. Booms on the east end occupied by the chaplain as a studio, and the quarters (three rooms and kitchen) occupied by him as quarters. Condition of buildings, good. Cemetery. — Cemetery on the hill, about 500 yards southeast of officers' quarters, with an area of 75 by 120 feet: contains thirty-two graves. Grounds inclosed with picket fence, and in good order. 86 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Supply detot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at San Francisco, five miles distant. The route of supply is by water. Supplies transported by Government steamer. Subsistence. — Two months' supply usually kept on hand. Water. — The post is. supplied with water from springs, and brought into the houses by pipes for drinking purposes. For laundry and police purposes, water is pumped and hauled from springs near the beach. At Point Blunt the water is procured from some springs near the beach. In summer time the water supply is scant, in winter ample for all purposes, and is of good quality. Forage, wood, AND coal. — These articles arc supplied upon contract by parties residing in San Francisco, and are delivered at the wharf by small sail-vessels. Communication. — Between the post and nearest town is by water, on Government steamer, on alternate days. Reservation. — The whole island is a reserve, having no occupants outside the garrison, except a man named O'Donnell, who has charge of a quarry on the east side, and is employed by the Naval Department; and in the. garrison a man named Higgins, exercising the privilege of trader by permission of commanding general Department of California. Description op island, &c. — Angel Island is one of the largest islands in the Bay of San Francisco, fronting the Golden Gate, being separated from the mainland by Raccoon Straits. In 1839 the island was granted by Governor Miguel Toreno to Antonio Osio, by order of the supreme government of Mexico, "to enable respectable citizens- to have possession, ami prevent its being- made a rendezvous by smugglers." On 12th September, 1803, Lieutenant John L. Tiernou, Third United States Artillery, took possession of the island for military purposes on behalf of the United States, establishing Camp Reynolds in an irregular depression between three hills, which is situated on the western extremity, the site being 800 by 1,000 feet. Quarters were built in 1864 — the officers' on the one slope, and those of the men on the other. The island is about one mile square, with abrupt shores, and consists of a series of hills, rising from a height of 50 to 820 feet in its central part, having only a small portion at all level in its surface, being a small portion of the eastern extremity near Point Blunt and the quarry, which are used as camping grounds for troops while passing San Francisco en route to other posts in the Division of the Pacific. The soil is in parts fertile, and the climate mild and pleasant. The prevailing winds are westerly. Laurel and oak timber on the hills. There are three gardens on the island, and the usual vegetables are raised. Mean annual temperature, 01°, with extremes of 40° and S2° F. There are evidences of mineral wealth upon the island of silver and gold. During the excavation for building the new hospital last summer, the remains of Indians and Indian cooking utensils, as also ornaments, were found, showing that this island had been inhabited by the red man many years ago. BENICIA BARRACKS, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1850.) information given by lieutenant george w. mckee, ordnance DEPARTMENT, UNITED STATES ARMY, JUNE, 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, .'iso 2' 1" north; longitude from Washington, 45° 7' 30" west. Post- office at Benicia, one mile distant. Quarters. — Eight buildings, 30 by 71 feet each; kitchen 15 by is feet attached to each; for eight companies; one 21 by 00 feet, containing eight rooms, one 22 by 117 feet, containing sixteen looms, have been used as quarters for laundresses; one 17 by 30 feet, containing two looms, has been used as quarters for non-commissioned officers. All built of wood, are without furniture, and require extensive repairs. I'm- officers: three buildings 35 by 48J feet, two stories high, containing each two sets of quarters; kitchen I'.i. 1 , by 25 feel attached to each set; one 25 by 10 feci, one 10 by 46 feet, one 30 by 80 feet — containing each two sets of quarters. All built of wood, with the exception of the kitchens, (I'.M, by 25,) which arc of stone; require repairing. < >ne 34 by 50 feet, built of wood, has been used as offices; requires repairing. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 87 Store-houses. — One building 25 by 80 tret; one and a half stories high ; capacity for subsist- ence supplies for eight companies for three months ; built of wood ; requires repairing. One 15 by 30 feet, 16 feet high : capacity for forage and straw for one company (if cavalry for six months; built of wood; in good condition. Stables. — One building 36 by 160 feet, 22 feet high ; capacity for one company of cavalry; built of wood; in good condition. Hospital. — Built of stone, Lit by 71 feet; one and a half stories high; containing two wards, capacity each for eight beds; and two wards, capacity each for four beds. Building of stone, :<> by 45 feet, attached on the west side, containing live rooms, used as dispensary, office, steward's quarters, store-room, and bath-room. Attached to this is a building of wood, containing two rooms, used as mess-room and kitchen; in very good condition. Guard-house. — Built of wood, 26 by 51 feet; requires repairing. Supply depots. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at San Francisco, California. The route of supply is by river. Supplies can be transported all seasons of the year. WATER. — Water is obtained from a well in the quartermaster's grounds, and from cisterns, of which there is one under the building used as offices, one under two of the officers' quarters, one under the hospital, and one under one of the men's quarters, from which part of the year rain water is obtained. During a very dry season the supply of water is only sufficient for one company of cavalry. If necessary, water can be purchased. Wood. — None within the limits of the post. Wood can be purchased in or near Benicia at a reasonable rate. Communication between post and nearest town (Benicia) is by wagon. Reservation. — The reservation on which Benicia Barracks are situated contains 00. 78 acres. Description of country, &C. — Surrounding country rolling. The principal products are wheat, barley, and hay. Timber is scarce. Rains during the months from November to May. Climate mild, generally cool; heavy northwest winds prevail during the summer months. Average temperature, (J0° F. Health of locality good. The country around is settled. General REMARKS. — Benicia Barracks has not been occupied by troops for the last two years. Wood, forage, and straw can be obtained in the vicinity of the post at market rates. Other quartermaster's and subsistence supplies are provided for by the depots at San Francisco, California. CAMP BIDWELL, CALIFORNIA. (Established 18(i5.) INFORMATION FURNISHED BY LIEUTENANT THOMAS GARVEY, FIRST CAVALRY, ACTING ASSISTANT Ql \i; I ERMASTER. Location. — Latitude, 41° 51' 34"; longitude from Greenwich, 120° 5' 50". Post-office at the post. Valley settled. Lake City, about sixteen miles distant, nearest town. Quarters. — For two companies, built of logs ; in good condition. Officers' quarters, four ; in good condition. All the quarters are covered with shingles. Store-house. — Quartermaster and commissary, 100 by 30 feet, and 20 feet high; capacity for supplies for two companies for nine months ; built of boards and covered with shingles. A gran- ary 40 by 30 feet, and 20 feet high : condition poor, requiring frequent repairs. Hospital. — Built of logs and covered with shingles, consisting, on north side, of one apartment, 17 by 23 feet, and used as a dispensary and steward's room. On the south side is an apartment, 10 by 23 feet, and used as a kitchen and dining-room. Between the north and south rooms is an apartment, 22 by 20 feet, and used as a ward-room; capacity for six beds. Guard-house. — Built of logs; condition good. Cavalry and quartermaster's corrals built of logs ; condition poor. Supply depot. — The. nearest supply depot is San Francisco, California, distant about five 88 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. hundred and thirty-five miles. The route of supply is by rail from San Francisco to Reno, Nevada, thence by wagon to Camp Biclwell. Supplies can be forwarded only during the summer months. Subsistence. — Nine months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied with water from creeks running from the mountains. Wood. — Is supplied by the labor of the troops. INDIANS. — The nearest tribes are the Klamaths, Snakes, and Pah-utes. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has never been declared by the President. One mile square is held as reserved. Description op COUNTRY, &C. — Surrounding country hilly. Soil loamy. Timber plenty; pine on the mountains. Grain and the usual summer vegetables can be raised all through the valley. The valley is sixty miles in length, from north to south, and three large lakes (alkali) in it. Streams rise in the winter during rains, but fall soon after. Climate warm during summer. Average tem- perature — thermometer, 4'J°.04; hygrometer, 44°.0G. Health of locality good. Valley settled. CAMP GASTON, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1858.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT JOHN J. SHEPHEARD, TWELFTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY, JULY, 1870, ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 41° 10' north ; longitude from Greenwich, 123° 15' west. Post office at the post. Areata, about forty miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — Per two hundred men, built of logs and frame; in poor condition. Officers' quarters, six : three built of logs and one of frame in good condition, and two of logs in poor con dition ; require frequent repairs. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's, none. Commissary,-.'') by 50 feet, 14 feet high. Capacity not sufficient for supplies for two companies for one year. Roof made of shingles. Hospital. — Hospital built of logs and frame. Ward-room for patients, 27 by 24 feet; built of logs, and roof of shingles; capacity for sixteen beds. One apartment built of frame, 17 by PS feet, used as a dispensary,' office, and steward's room: roof made of shingles. One apartment 27 by 9 feet, at the south side, used as a kitchen and store-room ; built of frame, and roof made of shingles. Guard-house, stables, &C. — Guard -house built of hewn logs. Quartermaster's corral and stables built of logs. One building adjoining used as granary; built of frame; roof made of shingles ; condition poor. Supply depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at San Francisco, California, three hundred miles distant. The route of supply is by water and pack trail, and transportation can only be made during the summer season. Subsistence. — Nine months' supply required to be kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied from two mountain streams, taken through the garrison in various artificial streams or ditches. Wood. — Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. INDIANS. — Nearest Indians are the Trinity and Klamath Digger tribes. Communication. — Between pest and nearest town is by trail. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated is one mile north and south, and from Trinity River to loot of mountain east and west. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C — Surrounding country mountainous. Soil gravely, arable. Timber plenty ; oak, pine, and fir. Corn and the usual summer vegetables, except potatoes, can be raised on the bottoms near the river. Crass, timothy, or oat hay. River can be forded at low water tor about two months in the year. Streams rise during heavy rains, ami fall gradually ; are never dry. Climate mild; intensely hoi during the summer months. Average temperature — ther- mometer, r>7.1~>; hygrometer, 50.71. Health of locality good. No settlements. DESCRIPTIONS OP .MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Si) CAMP HALLECK, NEVADA (Established 18(37.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT JOHN C. THOMPSON, THIRD UNITED STATES CAVALRY, JULY, L870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 40° 18' 45" north ; longitude from Greenwich, 115° 19' 34" west. Altitude, 5,671feet. Magnetic variation, 16° 21' 24" east. Elko, distant thirty miles, the nearest town. A few settlers scattered in the vicinity of the camp. Quarters. — For two hundred men. One built of logs, in poor condition; and one of adobe. in good condition. Officers' quarters, four ; three built of adobe and one frame; condition good. All the quarters at the post are badly ventilated. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's, 45 by I'd feet; sj, feet high. Commissary,."") by 20 feet; capacity for supplies for two companies for three months ; roofs shingled ; buildings of logs, and in bad condition. The. commissary and quartermaster's store houses are one building, partitioned in the middle, and is not by one-half large enough for the proper storage of quartermaster and subsist- ence stores. Granary. — Built of adobe; shingle roof; capacity for 400,000 pounds of grain; condition good; outside measurement, .v.i by 2IA feet; height of walls, 8 feet. Hospital. — Built of adobe. 42 by 52 feet : one story high, consisting on the west of two rooms, 30 by 24 feet, and 12 by 24 feet : the former a ward -room, and the latter a ward-room attendant's room, separated by a four-foot ball from four rooms. On theeast,a dispensary 15 by 24 feet, steward's room 15 by 12 feet, store-room 15 by 12 feet, and mess-room 12 by 21 feet. The hospital walls are S4 feet high ; roof shingled. Guard-house. — Frame building; shingled roof; cells, six in number, built of three-inch plank bolted with iron ; condition good. Cavalry and quartermaster's stables, frame, well ventilated and in good condition. Supply depot. — The nearest is San Francisco, California. The route of supply is from San Francisco to Ilalleck Station, Nevada, by rail, and thence to ('amp Halleck by Government teams. Condition of road from Camp Ilalleck to the station bad ; distance, twelve miles. Subsistence. — Three months'' supply of provisions is usually kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied with water by acequia from a spring at foot of mountains. Length of acequia, two miles. In the spring season, from the melting of snows in the mountains, a large stream of water runs convenient to the camp until about the month of July. The acequia was built by the labor of the troops. Wood. — Is furnished by contract. Trice per cord, 810 in gold coin. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Shoshoues — peaceable tribe. Communication. — Between post and nearest town, Elko, is by wagon road. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is built has not been declared. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country hilly. Soil black. No timber. Barley, potatoes, and usual vegetables can be raised. Grass, rye, and bottom. Climate during summer months extremely warm ; winters severe. Average temperature — thermometer, 66°.70 F. ; hygrom- eter, 12°.72. Health of locality good. No settlements. CAMP INDEPENDENCE, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT W. E. DOVE, TWELFTH UNITED STATES INFANTRY, JULY, 1-70. THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 36° 50'; longitude from Greenwich, 117° 30' west. The United States mail is left at the post. Independence, the county seat, is three miles south of the post. QUARTERS. — For one hundred men; built of adobe. Company quarters 95 by 30 feet; heighi of walls, !l feet: roof, wood and shingles; building in good condition, and* supplied with two 12 90 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. ventilators. .V portion of the building lias been set off as a reading-room, 27J- by 14 feet. Com- manding officer's quarters lis by .50 feet, and M feet high; kitchen, &c, attached. Officers'' quarters 40 by j4 feet; height of walls, 7 feet. Surgeon's quarters 32 by 28 feet; walls 10 feel high; office, bed-room, &c.,, in the rear. Adjutant's office 14 by 30 feet; height of walls, 7 feet ; room in rear 10 by 14 feet. Lauudresses' quarters, three; built of adobe, 20 by 35 feet, and 8 feet high ; buildings not good. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's, one 9.~> by ■"-*» feet, and !i feet high, of which quartermaster's office occupies -Ti by 1 .">.', feet. Attached to main building is a wing 51 by 23£ feet, used as a saddler-shop, butcher-shop, and for storing quartermaster's property; obi commissary building, adobe; west end destroyed by a great windstorm in January last; present dimensions, 80 by L".> feet ; is used for a guard-house, carpenter-shop, and for storage. Hospital. — Built of adobe, consisting on south side of two apartments — one 15 by 15 feet, used as a dispensary and office; the other, 21| by 21^ feet, for award, with capacity tor live beds. North side, two apartments — one 21£ by 10 feet, used as a kitchen; the other 15£ by 15A feet, used as a store room and steward's room. DlNING-ROOM AND KITCHEN. — Built of adobe, I'll by OUfeet; height of Wall, lloVth side, 14 feet; south side, 10 feet. The kitchen occupies 20 by Hi feet of west end of building. Bakery and oven. — Built of adobe, Hi by 111 feet; height of wall north side, 12 feet: south side,!) feet; is located on east end of company diuing-hall. The oven is made of adobe, and by outside measurement 9J by 7i feet, and 8 feet high. Guard-house. — Built of adobe; is the center portion of the old commissary building, 24 T 2 2 by 27 feet; height of Avail, 9 feet. There is one room fur ordinary prisoners 10 by 8 feet, and (I feet high ; cell 8 by 5^ feet, and 7 feet high, constructed of two-inch planks well bolted with iron. Workshops. — Carpenter-shop, built of adobe, on cast of old commissary building, 29 by 27 feet, and 9 feet high, in good condition. Blacksmith-shop, built of adobe, on east end of corral shed, 29^ by L'o.i feet ; height of wall, 9 feet; in good condition. Shed and cokral. — Shed built of adobe, 104 by 10 feet, and •;> feet high; is in good order. Small sleeping-shed for herder on east end, 10 by 7 feet. Corral inclosure 100 by 104 feet. Garden. — Twenty-five acres inclosed. Land rich, and capable of supplying ten companies if thoroughly worked. Crops can only be raised by irrigation. Wafer abundant for the purpose. Supply-depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depot is at\Viliuington, on the Pacific coast, 300 miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road. With rare exceptions, supplies can lie transported at all seasons of the year. Subsistence. — Nine months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied with water of excellent quality. It comes from the Sierra Nevada Mountains, west of the camp, abundantly. Wood. — Is obtained in the mountains, eight miles from the post, and supplied by contract. Indians. — Are numerous. At present they are peaceable, and even friendly. They are a branch of the I'ah-ute tribe, but are generally called here the. Cosos. COMMUNICATION. — For three hundred miles iii any direction all communication has to be by wagon or on horseback. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. One mile square is held as reserved. Also, two square miles of timber-land in the mountains, and two square miles of grass-land in the plain southeast of the post. The latter is not of much value. Description of country, &c. — The valley in which Camp Independence is located is somewhat level, but higher on the Siena or western edge than on the Coso or eastern side, The stream known as Owens River runs through the entire length of it, and empties itself in Big Lake, or Owens Lake. The soil is sandy, lint arable. No timber lo be seen, except high up the Sierra Nevada .Mountains. Grain and vegetables can be raised in abundance through many portions of the valley. Grass plentiful, and of the kind known as river bottom. Climate dry and very health} . During the summer months the climate is quite warm. Average temperature during the year — thermometer, 58°.2; bygrometer, 49°.70. The valley is being rapidly sen led. There are valuable mines being worked* on both sides of the mountains; hence this region isdestined to future import- ance. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. «)) CAMP McDEBMIT, NEVADA. (Established 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT L. WIGHTMAN, THIRD UNITED STATES CAVALRY, SEPTEMBER, 1-fii, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. LOCATION.— Latitude, 41° 58' ."." north; longitude, 117° 45' west. Altitude, 4,700 feet above sea level. Winnemucca, the nearest town or settlement, about eighty miles distant. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, three; built of stone, with shingle roofs; in good condition. Two buildings' for men's quarters, built of stone and rooted with shingles ; walls poorly made. One building is 103 by 24 feet, and the other 106 by 24 feet. Hospital. — Hospital 34 bj 28 feet, containing three rooms — ward, dispensary, and kitchen. The ward is 18 by -l\ feet ; capacity for six beds. Dispensary, 1U by 13 feet. Kitchen, 10 by L3 feet. The building is constructed of stone, with shingle roof, and in good condition. Store-houses. — One building 75 by 34 feet is used for commissary and quartermaster's store- house. It is 8 feet high at the coiners, built of stone, and rooted with shingles. The walls are very poor and require propping. Capacity for supplies for one company for one year. There is one frame building for forage,a room in one end being used for adjutant's office. Capacity for 300,000 pounds of grain, aside from the room used for adjutant's office. Stables. — Two stables. One is 184 by 28 feet, built of stone apd roofed with shingles, and poorly constructed. The other is 147 by 32 feet, is a frame building, and poorly constructed. No quartermaster's corral, except a temporary one between the stables. Commissary corral 80 by 80 feet, built of logs in stockade form. Guard-house. — The guardhouse is built of stone. All the buildings at the post are one- story. Supply depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at San Francisco, California. Transportation by railroad to Winnemucca, eighty miles from the post, and then by wagons. Supplies can be transported at all seasons of the year. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. WATER. — The post is supplied with water from Queen's River, which runs through the post. Wood. — Wood is furnished by contract, and is very scarce. Indians. — The nearest Indians are the Pah-Utes, who are fed at the post. Communication. — Between post ami the nearest town is by wagon. Reservation The reservation on which the post is situated is two miles square, but there is a discrepancy between the plat and the description. Description of COUNTRY, &C. — The surrounding country is mountainous, except the bottom land adjoining the river, and plains covered with sage-brush lying adjacentto the bottom lands. A good country for stock, but poor for grain. Climate mild, and very dry during the summer months. Average temperature — thermometer, 51°. 47 ; hygrometer, 43°.7<>. POINT SAX JOSK, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1803.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT R. E. De RUSSY, SECOND ARTILLERY, JULY, 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location.— In the limits of the city of San Francisco. Latitude, 37° 48' north ; longitude. 122° 21' west. Post-office, San Francisco, California. QUARTERS.— For one hundred and fifty men. The barracks consist of two rectangular frame buildings, nearly similar in construction, both weather-boarded, with shingle roofs. One is lined 92 DESCRIPTIONS OF .MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. with smoothly grooved boards, and is ventilated from the roof; the other has no ventilation except from the doors and windows. These, buildings are 'M) by •'>(> feet, and one story high. There are two small frame buildings 32 by 24 feet, weather-boarded, occupied by the laundresses of the post. They are one and a half stories high and are divided into four rooms each. There are four build- ings used as officers' quarters. They are all frame, weather-boarded, with shingle roofs. Three are lathed and plastered and in good condition; the other is lined with boards; leaks badly, and the timber is rotten and giving away in many places, so much so that the building has settled nearly one foot on one side. A.11 these buildings were erected by citizens before the Government took possession, and at a time when timber was both scarce and high in price, so that the material of which they were constructed was of very inferior quality. The buildings that are now in good condition have been almost entirely reconstructed by the Government. The largest and be; these quarters are occupied by the department commander. Stobe-HOUSE. — Commissary, quartermaster, and ordnance store-rooms, adjutant's office, and quartermaster's offices, are in one frame building 30 T 7 5 by 106^ feet, weather-boarded, with shingle roof. The adjutant's ami quartermaster's offices are lathed and plastered; the other rooms have only the weather boarding in good condition. Capacity of commissary store-room, three months' supply for two companies. This building is one story high. Hospital. — Frame building 32J by 36J feet, weather boarded, shingle roof, divided into four divisions — one used as a dispensary, one as a kitchen, and two as wards. The buildingis one story high, and in good condition. OrARD-HOUSE. — Frame building 48 by IS feet, weather-boarded, shingle roof, divided into three divisions — first, a room for the prisoners; second, a room for the guard: third, four cells, 4 by 7 feet each. This building is one story high, and in good condition. Supply depot. — The post is supplied from the quartermaster ami commissary of subsistence depots at San Francisco. Supplies brought to post by wagons. Eoads good all seasons of the year. Subsistence. — Three months' supply is generally kept on hand. Watee. — The post is abundantly supplied with good water, free of cost, by means of pipes communicating with the works of the Spring Valley Water Company. WOOD. — Wood is furnished by the depot quartermaster at San Francisco, California. Communication. — Between post and city is both by wagon and steamer. Eeservation.— The reservation of Point San Jose, California, was first reserved for Govern- ment uses by President Fillmore in 1851, hut was not occupied by troops until 1863, when this post was established. The area swept by a radius of 800 yards from a rock at the extreme i^\u[ of the promontory upon which the post is situated, is held as a reservation. Description. — City of San Francisco, streets running up to line of reservation. PRESIDIO OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1847.) INFORMATION FURNISHED BY LIEUTENANT .1. H. LOKD, REGIMENTAL QUARTERMASTER SECOND ARTILLERY, JUNE, 1870. Location. — Latitude, 37° 48' ; longitude, 122° 21'. Post-office al San Francisco, California, I In it miles from post. Officers' quarters. — Twelve cottages 31 by 18 feet, bath-room and water-closet attached ; and one frame building 114 by 32 feet, with wing 44 by 30 feet, three stories liigh : divided into thirty nine looms. BARRACKS. — Nine frame buildings for nine hundred men. Laundresses' quarters.— Eight frame buildings ,v !'•"> feet, divided into three rooms. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's and commissary store-house L10 by 30 feet: frame, with foundation built of brick piers; capacity for supplies for nine companies for three months. For grain, one frame building 0G by 24 feet. One guu-shed, with ordnance store-room in loft : frame; 17-") by •".<) feet. One frame building, 51 by 18 feet, for storage of hard-wood lumber. Work-shops. — < >ne wheelwright and blacksmith's, 80 by 30 feel : frame. One frame building o0 by 2!> feet, divided in center, making two company blacksmith-shops. Stables, &c. — Two frame buildings 215 by •"><» feet, eighty-seven stalls each, and small lolt for forage. One. mule-shed. 430 by 16 feet, frame. Hospital. — Frame, SO by 10 feet, with L 35 by 22 feet : two stories high, and brick basement. Four wards 40 by 22 feet, and 11 feet high; capacity for lifty beds each. A prison ward L'O bj 15 feet, and 10 feet high. Library room and dispensary. Miscellaneous buildings. — One frame building 36 by 30 feet, adjutant's office. One frame building 45 by ■'!(> feet, chapel. One frame building 30 by 18 feet, school-house. One frame- build- ing 40 by 30 feet, two stories, guard-house. One frame building 28 by 23 feet, magazine. One frame building i'J by L8 feet, bake-house. Supply depot. — San Francisco, California, three miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon road. Subsistence. — Two months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied with water by water-wagons, and pipe from the Tunnel Spring, about :_',.'!<•!• feet from reservoir. WOOD. — Wood is furnished by the contractor. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is situated has been declared by the Presi- dent, and 1,520 acres are held as reserved. Description op country, &c— Surrounding country hilly ; foil sandy. Where sheltered, all kinds of vegetables can be raised. Timber and water scarce. Climate mild. Fogs prevail the greater part of the year. Average temperature, 53.14. Health of locality good. CAMP WINFIELD SCOTT, NEVADA. (Established December 12, 1866.) INFORMATION GIVEN P.Y CAPTAIN ('. C. C. CARR, FIRST CAVALRY, JULY, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFICES AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 41° 30'; longitude, 117° .".(»'. Mails for the command are brought to the post by a tri-weekly stage. Nearest town is Winnemucca, forty-five miles distant. QUARTERS. — For one hundred men, built of adobe: shingle roof; board ceiling : one-half of the building not floored or ceiled. Officers' (punters: One house completed ; one habitable, but not floored or ceiled; the other, the walls partly constructed; all of adobe, made by contract, and of excellent quality. Store-iioises. — Quartermaster's, 45 .by 25 feet : walls 7 feet high; building made of sods, placed in a slick frame, with roof thatched with rye straw-. It is impossible to state correctly the capacity of the building, as it is unsafe for any kind or quantity of property. The walls are in a falling condition, and the roof liable to take tire from any Hying spark. The same remarks as to condition and capacity are applicable to the subsistence-storehouse, which is I'd by (i-'i feet. HOSPITAL.— Built of rough stone, with thatched roof, and is :!1 by 18 feet: is used for sick- ward, kitchen, steward's room, and dispensary. No arrangements for proper ventilation. The ceiling is about six and a half feet above the floor. 94 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. (I i aim) house. — Built of rough stone, with thatched roof; is 26 by I'.» feet, and very insecure. A temporary cell was constructed last month. Stables. — Cavalry and quartermaster's stables are built of willow and Cottonwood sticks, and thatched with straw. Both of them arc liable to take fire at any time. Supply depot. — Supplies are drawn from San Francisco, California, and are transported to within forty-five miles of the posl by the Central Pacific Railroad. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kept ou hand. Water. — Is furnished by a mountain stream, which runs through the post. Wood. — [s furnished under contract. Price this year for best quality of hard wood, $21 75 per cord. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Pah-Utes. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by triweekly stage over a good road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared bj the President. About four square miles held as reserved. Description op country, &c. — The post is situated at the foot of Hie Santa Rosa Mountain range, on the west side, and near the head of Paradise Valley, which is said to contain some 40,000 acres of arable land, well watered. No timber, and no fuel except sage brush. Some large and well-tilled ranches in the valley. Number of settlers probably two hundred. Grass, wild rye, blue joint, and red top. Vegetables of all kinds can be produced. Climate healthy, and the temperature even and seasonable, so far as I know by my own experience. Average temperature unknown — the usual records not having been kept. CAMP WRIGHT, MENDOCINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. (Established December, 185S; abandoned September, L861; re-established December. 1862.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY FIRST LIEUTENANT A. B. MacGOWAN TWELFTH INFANTRY, JULY. 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 39° 48'; longitude from Greenwich, 133° 4.V. Post-office at Covelo, a newly established village, about one mile from the post. Ckiab, the county seat, is fifty-five miles south of post. Qjl ARTERS. — For one hundred men, built of adobe, in good condition. Officers' quarters, three; one built of brick, in good condition: two of logs, in poor condition — leaky, and requiring frequent repairs. Four laundresses' quarters, 18 by 12feet each; frame building; in tolerably good condition. Store-holtses. — Quartermaster and commissary store-house in one building, 7(i by 26 feet; walls 1() feet high; open roof; half frame, half logs; requires frequent repairs. Capacity for supplies for two companies for one year. Building subdivided, and part used for a grain-room ; capacity for three months' supply of grain. Hospital. — A frame building, in good condition, 40$ by 28^ feet at north end, and KP, feel at south end. One ward at south end 20 by L6 feet, dispensary in center !> by L3 feet. Office at north end, Hi by s feet ; hallway three feet wide between dispensary and office, leading to kitchen and mess room and store room on northwest side of building, and to the ward at right angles between kitchen and dispensary. Capacity of ward-room for five beds. (Ii ARD-HOUSE, &C- — ( 1 nard house, school house, and mess-room for company, built of logs. Cook-house adjoining mess-room: frame building, in good condition. The log buildings are all in I i condil ion. ( larpenter-shop, blacksmith-shop, and saddle and harness rooms Twill of slabs ; in poor condition, requiring frequent repairs. Bake-house — frame building, in good condition. SUPPLY DEPOT. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence supply depot is at San Francisco, ( ialifornia. The route of supply is by steamer to Petaluma, and thence by wagon to Camp Wright. Supplies can only be transported during the dry season — say June, July, August, September, October, and sometimes November. DESCRIPTIONS OP MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 95 Subsistence.— One year's supply is required to be kept on hand. Water. — The post is supplied by wells during eight mouths of the year, and during the remain- ing four months water is hauled by a wagon from a small cre< k two or three miles distant from the post. Wood. — Wood is supplied by the labor of the troops, and is hauled from two to three miles. Indians. — The military reservation of Camp Wright adjoins the Round Valley Indian reser- vation, on which are about 1,000 Indians, remnants of various tribes. Communication. — Between post and nearest town of importance, (Ukiah,) fifty-five miles south, is by wagon on the new road, or by trail via Cahto, which is twenty-six miles southwest. Reservation. — The reservation, as declared by the President and published in General ( )rders No. 60, Headquarters Department California, October 5, L869, consists of the following metes and bounds: Initial point, a point on the town ship line forty chains west of the northeast corner of town- ship 22, range north thirteen degrees west; from this point south eighty chains ; thence west eighty chains; thence north eighty chains; thence east eighty chains, to the place of beginning on the township lines; embracing the west half of section one, and east half of section two, township twenty-two, range north thirteen degrees west, being one mile square, more or less. Description of country, &c. — The post is situated in the northwest corner of Round Valley, which is about nine miles long from north to south, and varies from four to seven miles in width from east to west, it is supposed to be about 1,500 feet above the sea level, and is surrounded by mountains from 500 to 2,000 feet high, all of which are spurs of the Coast range. They are well timbered with several varieties of oak, pine, manzanito, and laurel. The land is nearly all arable. and grass plentiful in the spring. The nature of the soil is gravely, except on the north or lower end of the valley, where it is of the adobe character. All cereals except corn do well here, and all esculents, except potatoes, moderately well. Abundant crops, however, cannot be obtained without irrigation, which is impracticable without the introduction of artesian wells, as there are no perma- nent streams here, except a small creek at the lower end of the valley, which nearly dries up in summer, although in the rainy season it is swelled by mountain torrents from every direction to a large stream, which often inundates the greater portion of the valley. The climate is healthy, very warm and dry in summer, and temperate during the winter or rainy season. The mean temperature during the year 1869 was 66°.86. The extremes of temperature, 39°.0S-85°.25. Amount of rain, 36.84 inches. The valley and all the principal outlets are well settled under squatter title. There are some line farms, and the mountain ranges are all occupied by stock-raisers. Sheep, cattle, horses, and hogs are extensively raised. The north and south forks of Eel River nearly surround the first chain of mountains outside the valley. They are fordable during the summer months, but during the rainy season they can only be crossed by ferry-boats. VERBA BUENA ISLAND, CALIFORNIA. (Established 1SGS.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT JAMES F. GREGORY, ENGINEER CORPS, CJ. S. A.. JUNE, 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTEK AT THE TIME. Location. — San Francisco Harbor, California. Latitude, 37° 18' 45"; longitude from Green- wich, 122° 20' 45." Post-office at San Francisco, California, distant two and a quarter miles, which is the nearest town. Quarters. — All buildings on the post are the property of the Engineer Department, with the exception of the married soldiers' quarters, and half of the structure used as hospital : all in good condition. Two barracks, !i? by 30 feet, 16 feet high; wood; built for one hundred and fifty men. Officers' quarters — three houses sided; each two rooms 18 by 20 (vet, with rear L IS by 21 feet; built with attics, sufficient for three company officers and post surgeon. Mess-house, &c— Mess-house; 45 by .'it feet; kitchen, 18 by 25 feet. STORE-HOUSES. — Quartermaster's and commissary in basement of mess-house and kitchen. 96 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Quartermaster's store-house 4H by 31 feet, 1\ feet high. Commissary store-house 18 by 15| feet, 7.\ feel high. Hospital. — An old quartermaster's building, added to l>y Engineer Department, and used as hospital; incomplete main building, •">•"■ by 14 feet; two rear L's, 14 feet square Capacity for live beds in ward; divided into ward, dispensary, and quarters for hospital steward and matron. Laundry. — Quarters sufficient for laundresses for one company. Bake-house. — Dimensions 26 by 18 feet, and nine feet high. Guard-house. — Sided building, 28 feet square; four compartments; one dark and one lighted cell; general guard-room, and room for non-commissioned officers. Stables. — For quartermaster's mules, temporary board sheds. Supply depot. — Quartermaster and commissary, San Francisco, California. Supplies trans- ported by quartermaster's steamer. Subsistence. — Two months' supply always Kept on hand. WATER. — Post supplied by water-carts from spring near beach-line. One well near hospital. Amount limited. Communication. — With Sau Francisco by quartermaster's steamer twice a day on alternate days. Reservation. — The whole island is reserved, about 120 acres. Description op country, &c.— Island hilly and rocky. Highest point above sea-level, 340 feet. Average height of post above sea-level, 50 feet. No timber. Five acres cultivated by the troops as company garden. Usual vegetables can be raised. Average temperature, 56° F. Complete saturation occasionally at night. Prevailing wind westerly. Location healthy. DEPARTMENT OF THE COLUMBIA. POSTS I) KS( i; [ BED. Boise, Fort, Idaho, i Juan Island, Camp, Washington Territory. Cape Disappointment, Fort, Washington Territory. Sitka, Alaska. Co] tile, Fort, Washington Territorj . Stevens, Fori, ( (regon. Dalles, Fort, Oregon. Three Forks Owyhee, Camp, Idaho. Hall, Fort, Idaho. • Fort, Alaska. Harney, Camp, Oregon Vaueonvei tory. Klamath, Fort, Oregon. Ila, Fort, ' Kodiak, Fort, Alaska. W ai ton. Lapwai, Fort, [daho. FORT BOISE. IDAHO TERRITORY. (Established July, L863.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY FIRST LIEUTENANT GEORGE McMf TAYLOR, TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY, JUNE, 1870 THE \< [TN< ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude I'! 37'; longitude from Greenwich, 1 Hi 12". Altitude abo i sea- level, 2,812 feet. Post-office at Boise City, half a mile distant, the nearest settlement. Quarters. — Quarters for two hundred men, built of stone; shingle roofs; two buildings, each 87 by 27 feet, with side-walls ten feet high. Officers' quarters, five, built of stoue, with shingle root's. These, with the men's quarters, are at present in - i lition, being always kept in thorough repair when required. Storehouses. — Quartermaster's, 30 by 100 feet, L2 feet high; commissary, 30 by 100 feet, 11! feet high; capacity for supplies for two companies for one year. Built of stone, shingle nidi's, and at present in good condition. Hospital. — Hospital 32 by •"><> feet, and 1<> feet high ; built <>f stone; with shingle roof; con tains three wards, (capacitj for eight beds to each ward.) a dispensary and store-room, with a wing in rear IS by 40 feet, ou a line with the north end of building, in which are the steward's room, dining-room, aud kitchen. The building is divided in the center by a hall sis feet wide, running from front to rear. The whole is in good condition. Laundry. — Quarters for six laundresses; built of logs, with shingle roof; one apartmenl each; all in good condition. School-hotsk. — School-house 25by20 feet, 10 feet high; built of logs, with shingle roof. The building contains a library of about 1,000 volumes lor the use of the men serving at the post. Guard-house. — Guardhouse 30 by 40 feet, 10 feet high; built of stone, with shingle roof; three apartments, one for use of guard, and two for prisoners; in good condition. Stables. — Stables for two companies of cavalry; frame buildings, with shingle root's; now used as shelter tor public animals pertaining to the quartermaster's department; capacity for one year's supply of grain. The buildings, stalls. &c, are in good condition and thorough repair. A corral, built of logs, is attached to rear of one of the stables, and also a fenced corral for the storage of hay and straw, contiguous to thi Supply depot. — The nearest quartermaster's and subsistence depot is at fort Vancouver. 13 98 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Washington Territory, distant four hundred and sixty-( ight miles. The route of supply is pari by river ami part bj wagon-road; and supplies can lie transported, except in winters of unusual severity, at all seasons of the year. Subsistence — Twelve months' supply tor (lie troops, and forage (grain, bay, and straw is usually furnished the post bj contract. Water. — The post is supplied with water from a running creek and a well, both within the limits of the garrison. During the winter oths ice is cu1 and stored by the troops for summer use. Wood. — Wood is furnished by contract. Indians. — The nearest Indians are the Wieser tribe of Snake Indians, located on the north fork of the Wieser River. At present they are peaceable. Innervation. — The reservation on which the post is located has been declared by the Presi dent. It is one mile in width by two in length. A hay reserve, located two miles (by line of sur vey) W. N. W. of post, containing an area of 503 acres, is used lor grazing the public animals during the open season. A wood reserve (pine timber) of about -">4(i acres, located nine miles east of the post, is also included as a part of the reserve in fall: at present not used. Description or country, &c. — Boise Valley (location of this post) extends along the river of the same name from a few miles above the reserve to its confluence with the Snake River, a fifty miles below. This valley is of irregular width and varied in feature. On the north and east it is broken and hilly toward the Boise range of mountains, affording in spring time a short nutri- tious grass, and being adjacent on this side to the reserve, is taken advantage of for grazing purposes. To the south and west the valley is bounded by arid fable lands of sage-brush, rising westward of the river to the foot-hills of the Qwyhee chain of mountains. The soil contiguous to the river and minor streams, owing to the irrigation therein afforded, is highly arable, and being for the most part located by settlers, under considerable cultivation. Wheat, corn, barley, oats. and summer vegetables are raised in large quantities. The nature of the soil in these localities being generally of a sandy loam subsoil, with (particularly in the bottoms) a surface of decayed vegetable matter, renders the land not only easj of cultivation, but also capable of producing the cereals and vegetables in a high degree of perfection. Timber of the pine ami fir varieties abounds in plenty on the mountain ranges on both sides of the valley, also cottonwood and willow (white and red) on the margins of the river. The river can be forded only during the fall months, owing to the spring freshets and regular rise of the stream ai that season. Climate dry, and on the average mild; winters at times severe: warm during the summer months. Average temperaturi — Thermometer, 00°.25 ; hygrometer, 54P.25. Health of locality good. Settlements, Boise City half a mile distant, and ranches from three-fourths of a mile to five miles from the post. FORT CAPE DISAPPOINTMENT, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. (Established L862. Engineers commenced laying platforms for guns in 1862. First garrisoned in April. 1864) INFORMATION GIVEN BY SECOND LIEUTENANT ('. O. HOWARD, SECOND ARTILLERY, Jl LY, L870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 46° L6' north ; longitude, 124° 2' west. Situated at the mouth of the Columbia River, on the Washington Territory side. Xo post-office at the post. Mails received from Astoria. Oregon, the nearest town, fifteen miles distant. Quarters.— Quarters for one hundred men; frame building, weather-boarded and ceiled; second story used as quarters for the men; first story for dining-room, kitchen, and storeroom. Two buildings, weather-boarded, but not ceiled, each containing I \\ o sets of laundresses' quarters. Officers' quarters, three ; frame buildings, weather boarded, lathed, and plastered. All at present in very good condition. Ordnance sergeant's house, a small frame building, is being constructed. DESOEIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS \ M » STATIONS. 99 'Store-houses. — Quartermaster's and commissary store-house is a one-storj frame buildiug, withaloft; capacity for supplies for oue company for one year; iu good condition, but from the nature of the climate damp. Stable. — Stable, two-story frame buildiug, with a oue-storyL; capacity for fifteen animals and forage for one year. Hospital. — Hospital, frame building, weather- boarded, lathed, and plastered. Two wards, dispensary, store-room, dining-room, bath-room, and kitchen; in good condition; capacitj lor ten beds. Guardhouse. — Guard-house is a two-story frame building, not ceiled, built over the water, aud supported on piles. The first story is divided into cells for general prisoners, and the second is used as a ;;itard room and cells for company prisoners. Shops, &c— ( Jarpeuter's simp, blacksmith's shop, adjutant's office, and school house — one ston frame buildings. A portion of the carpenter's shop is used for the storage of lumber. All the build iugs ai the post, except the officers' quarters, which are about forty feet above the level of the sen. are on very low land, not elevated more than four or five fee!, and are protected by a breakwater of logs, sunk in tin' ground, and the rear tilled in with rock and earth, forming a small parade. The light-house department has had a station here since L856. One buildingon the reservation is used as a dwelling-house by the lighl keepers. Magazine. — Magazine •'!<> by IS feet ; capacity for 80,000 pounds of powder. Supply depot. — The nearest quartermaster's and subsistence depot is at Portland, Oregon, distant one hundred and twenty-five miles. The route of supply is by the Columbia River. Supplies can be transported at all seasons of the year. Subsistenok. — Three to four month's supply is usually kept on hand. WATER. — At the company's and laundresses' quarters water is supplied from springs in their vicinity. At the officers' quarters and hospital rain water held in a cistern is used during the rainy season. In fin' dry season they are supplied from the springs by water-carts. WOOD. — Wood is Supplied b\ the labor of the troops. [ndians. — No Indians in the vicinity, except a few of the extinct tribe of Chinooks; Communication. — Between post and nearest town (Astoria, Oregon) is by water. A small steamer in the employ of the Government is used for carrying mails, passengers, and supplies. Communication can be made with Oysterville, Washington Territory, on horseback, but not with wagons. ReservatK 'X. — The limits of I he reservation on which the post is situated are not known, but it is believed to have been declared many years before the post was established. One square mile is held as reserved. DESCRIPTION OF on NTRY, Ac — Surrounding country hilly. Soil reddish clay loam ; arable. Timber plenty ; fir and spruce in great abundance, and a small quantity of alder ami crab apple. The more hardy vegetables are raised in large quantities on the hills and low lands. Climate mild and very pleasant during the summer months. Average temperature, 50°.S5. Amount, of rain fall during the year, !)() inches. Health of locality very good. No settlements. FORT COLVILLK, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. (Established 1859.) INFORMATION GIVEN B1 LIEUTENANT P. T. BRODEEK'K. TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1870, Tilt: ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude, 18° 38'; longitude, lis- ."»' 30". Post-office at Pinkneyville, half a mile distant, the nearest settlement. Quarters. — Three double setsof officers' quarters, each 45by30feet. four company barracks, each !> by 30 feet. Four company kitchens, each 60 by 30 feet. Nine laundresses' quarters, each 25 by 17 feet. All Imilt of logs and roofed with pine shingles. Need constant repairs. 100 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS A.ND STATIONS. Store-houses. — Quartermaster and eoinmissarj in one building 43 by '■'>'■'< feel ; buill <>r logs, with shingle roof; capacity for supplies for four companies for one year; needs constant repair. Hospital, &o. — One hospital 45 bj 30 feet. One guard-house 40 by 30 feet, one stable 115 l)\ 30 feet. One bake-house '■'>- l>\ 18 feet. One blacksmith shop 32 by 18 feet. Onecarpenter shop 5() l>y ;.»() feet. One granary 50 by 30 feet. All built of logs, with shingle roofs, and need constant repairs. Saw-mill. — One saw-mill (water-power) 58 by 35 feet. Supply depot.— Quartermaster and commissary supplies furnished from Portland, Oregon. From Portland to Wallula by boat, tlience to Col ville, two hundred and ten miles by wagon. Supply communication broken during the winti WATER. — Garrison supplied with water by hydraulic rain from Mill Creek 300 yards distant- Wood. — Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Calispels, Colvilles, and Lakes. Communication. — Mail communication, via Upper Spokan Bridge and Walla-Walla, once a week. RESERVATION. — Post built on military reservation, one mile square. Description op country, &c. — Colville Valley is seventy-five miles long, extending from the Columbia River to the Spokan. The average width is one and a half miles. The soil is remark- ably fertile. Agricultural products, wheat, oats, potatoes, and hay. The hills and mountains are covered with a heavj growtho 'sumac. The settlement — which is principally composed of French and Indian ha If-! needs — is isolated in every direction for hundreds of miles. The Columbia River is distant from the post fifteen miles, andthe Spokan sixty miles. The scenery in the vicinity of the post, and indeed throughout the valley, is grand and picturesque. Climate healthy. Aver- age temperature — thermometer, 15°.37; hygrometer, 41°.50. FORT DALLES, OREGON. (Established 1848; rebuilt LS56.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY JACOB FRITZ, STOREKEEPER. Location. — Latitude, 15° 36'; longitude from Greenwich, L20° 55'. Post-officeat DallesCity, Wasco County, located on the Columbia River, and adjoining the military reservation. Quarters. — Two, for one company each; frame buildings, tilled up with bricks, between scantlings; require considerable repairs. Officers' quarters, two ; frame buildings; hard-finished inside: in serviceable condition. Two offices destroyed by fire in 1865; Store-houses. — Quartermaster's 30 by loo feet, 16 feet high; office on one end, and saddler- shop on tin' other. Commissary, 30 by ion feet, 10 feel high; office on one end. Both verj sub stantial frame buildings; eaves require repairs. Hospital. — Hospital built of logs in 1848, consisting of seven apartments, viz: steward's room. loA by Hi. 1 , feet, frame addition to log house; dispensary, 19 by lit feel : three wards, 1!) b\ 20 feet; kitchen, 10 by 19 feet; and matron's room. 19 by L9 feet. Hospital proper, log building- hard finished inside ; in sinking condition. Sleepers and lower logs in dispensary rotten. Guard house. — Guard-house is a two story building — upper story frame work, and lower storj built of rock. Prison proper in lower stor\ ; cells built of brick : condition unserviceable. Stables. — Cavalry stables for sixtj seven horses: balloon frame, in good order. Quarter- master's stables, two; one repairable, one unserviceable; frame buildings. Corrals built of boards and slabs: in good order. Suppli depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depol is at Port Vancouver, Washington Territory, one hundred and one miles distant. The route of supply is by the ( 'olumbiti River. Supplies forwarded b\ steamers, and, with rare exceptions, at all seasons of the year. This post was abandoned August 31, I860, reoccupied April 1, 1867, aud reabaudoned July 15, L867. The quartermaster and commissary store-houses have been used since August, 1866, for safe-keep- DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 101 iug and reshippiug of public stores eu route from Fori Vancouver to Oauips Watsou, Logan, Harney, and Warner, Oregon. The first two camps ua\ ieeu broken up ami sold. Water. — When occupied by troops, the posl is supplied with « Ml Creek, a small stream running tbrougli the military reservation, b\ water- wago Wood. — Wood is furnished by contract, all available firewood having been used up by t lie troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are on Port Simeoe, V\ on Territory, and reservation — the former about sixty-five miles and the latter about eight\ five miles distant. Communication. — Couinj i between post and neat either by mail or telegraph. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country hilly, or mountainous. Soil in the valleys along the creeks — Mill Creek, Three, Five, Eight, Ten, and Fifteen Mil ;s — ver) productive; on the hills, light ami sandy, but producing excellent pi imber is rather scarce in the vicinity of the post, but pleu tmileswe heColumbia River, consisting of yellow pint' and o irewood ; also some alder and maple are to be found on some of the creeks. All the cereals can be raised hereto , <,\ in the valleys; and even the uplands, though mostly light soil, are beliex River navigable the whole year b; srs. The river rises e\ om the melting snow in the mountains, am tin in the latl if June. Climate mild, generally warm and dr^ during the summer months. Health ol : llent. FORT HALL, IDAHO TERRITORY (Established 1870.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT J. II. MAY, TWELFTH INFANTRY, JULY, [670 VOTING ASSISTANT Ql I tAS'J EE \T THE TIME. Location. — Latitude. 15°; longitude, 112°. The post is located one hundred and thirtj miles north of Corinue, Utah, the nearest station on tu B se ;tJ Ross Fork, Idaho. fifteen miles distant. Quarters. — Quarters of the following dimensions are proposed to be built: For officers — two buildings, each 34 1>\ :_".( feet. '•'. i tilding, 90 1 > > mdresses — three buildings, each Hi by Hi feet. All io b,' built of lumber, with shingle roofs. Store-houses. — Quartermaster and commissary iu one buili et; to be built i lumber, with shingle roof. Hospital. — One building 53 by l.'.; feel ; t > be built of logs, with shingle roof. Offices. — One building 'i! by 29 feet, con tai built of lumber, with shingle roof. Guard-house. — One buildiug 24 by : to be built of logs, with shingle ro Bake-house, &c. — Bake-house — one building l(i by 20' feel >s — two buildings, each 26 by Hi feet. All to be buil! of logs, and ■ tvith .shingles. Corral 100 by 150 feet. Wood. — Wood can be obtained within three miles of the post. 1; consists of scrub cedar, and is at present furnished bj the labor of the troops. Commi nication. — The distance from the posl to Boise City, Idaho, is about two hundred ami sixty-live miles. The road is very sandy, and six mouths in the year is all that can be safelj counted on for supplies to pass over it. Between tit i there is a good road, with but live miles of sand, over which to transport stores. The road is open for freight eighl or nine months in the year. FoRAGE. — Hay can be purchased in open market a! prices ranging from $10 to 835 per ton. That costing $16 is cut within three miles of the post. The other will have to be cut and hauled from Fort Hall bottom, a distance of twenty-five miles. The hay is of go id quality of wild grass- Grazing is tolerably good. Barley or oats av.- not raised nearer than one hundred and twenty miles. Either will cost, delivered at the post, six cents per pound. 102 DESCRIPTIONS OK MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. CAMP HARNEY, OREGON. (Established L867.) INFORMATION FURNISHED BY FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN W. LEWIS, TWENTY-THIRD [NFANTRV, JULY, 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, : ' north; longitude, 118° 30' west. Post-office at ('anion City, Oregou, seventy-five miles distant, the nearest town. Quarters. — Three sets of barracks, each LOO by 30 feet, built of logs, cabin-style, with shiugle roots, interstices tilled with sticks and mud, each having capacity for one company, in rear of barracks are the mess-rooms and kitchens, 61 l>y 25 feet, having all necessary fixtures for cooking, &c. Quarters for laundresses and married soldiers — four buildings, 24 by Mi feet, and two, 29 by 20 . built of logs. Pour sets of officers' quarters, (one single and three double,) built of logs, shiugle roofs, with piazza extending along the whole front; each 23 by 15 feet, one story high. One building !-■"> I b, with piazza, used as headquarters aud quartermaster's office. All bhe buildings are in good condition. Store-houses. — Quartermaster and commissary in one building 80 by lo feet; built of logs, with shingle roof; iuadequati the demands made upon it for storage. One building (gran ary) 70 b\ 35 feet, built of logs, with capacity for 000,000 pounds of grain. Hospital. — One building built of logs, shingle roof, containing one ward 30 by 10 feet, eight beds; dispensary, l<> by 11 feet; steward's room. 10 by 11 feet ; bath-room, 1<> by 7 feet ; dining room, 15 by Mi feet; kitchen, 12 by 15 feet, adjoining. Stoic-room and loom for nurse in attic Piazza OU south and east sides. Guard-house. — Guard-house 42 by 32 feet, built of logs, with shiugle root': contains one cell 20 by 14 feet, and lour small cells TJ'J by 3| feet ; height of ceiling 11 feet. Stables. — Two for cavalry, each 190 by 30 feet; built of boards, with shiugle roots; capacity for seventy-five horses each, in good condition. si ppli depots. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, three hundred and fifty miles distant. The route of supply is ninety miles by water, ten miles by rail, and two hundred and fifty by wagon road. Supplies can be transported six months in the y< Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. \\ \tkk. — Water is obtained from a small creek running through the camp, from a spring half a mile from camp, and wells dug in rear of each set of barracks. Quality excellent, and quant ity unlimited. WOOD. — Woodis furnished by enlisted men, obtained from White Pine Mountains, about tour mdes distant. Indians. — Pah-ute tribe, now friendly. Subsist in summer on roots and fish of their own tiring ; in winter are partially supplied by the Government. COMMUNICATION. — I post and nearest town (Canon City, Oregon) is by wagon. RESERVATION. — The reservation is at present under process of survey. It extends six miles north and south of the flagstaff, and has a uniform width of three miles, making a rectangle of thirty-six square miles. The mouth of the canon opens into Harnej Valley, and the reservation extending into the latter embraces about fifteen square miles of level land. Description :y, &c. — The country to the north, east, and west of this post is a series of gravelly and nearly barren hills, scantily covered with sage-brush, and interspersed, with scrubbj juniper and mountain mahogany. Alter passing over six miles of the above, forests of and fir cover a large extent of country. The surface is largely made up of rugged nils and deep canons, with an occasional Hat or valley, and some table land. South of the post is an • flat, k n.i ', Mas Harney Lake Valley, (former I \ Big Meadows.) This flat has a length of fifty miles, and averages probablj thirty miles in width, making an area of about oue thousand five hundred square miles. Mineral products in the vicinity of the post, of value or special interest, base notyet been discovered. Gold was discovered in considerable quantities in a canon seventy- DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 103 five miles distant in L862 — now the site of ('arum City — where mining is still carried on to some extent by Chinese miners. Tl i <* surface soil on the liills generally is of a light pebbly nature. Its fertility in this vicinity lias no! Ween tested. That of the valleys and low grounds is of a dark color, with a light porous texture, strongly impregnated with alkali. It is proi as lias been proved, when vegetation is undisturbed l>\ grasshoppers and crickets, bul it is impossible to culti- vate a garden with any surety of success. .Most of the country affords grass of a good quality for grazing purposes, bunch-grass, which abounds on the side hills in largi titles, holding the preference, for the reason of its great nutritive properties, which it retains throughout the grea part of the year. The grass in Harney Valley is of a coarser and less nutritious quality, and is I lie source from which the hay consumed al the post is obtained. The country is rather remarkable as regards the small degree of humidity, there having been thirty two days of rain and sixteen of snow during the last year, the combined fall (of rain and snow melted) being 7.50 inches. The winter varies .ureal ly as regards the whole amount of cold weal her. and the degree of intensify certain periods. The mercury fell to 25° in the winterof l86S,and in LSOOthe lowi si point observed (at night) was I0°,anda1 7 A. M. 5 . From April to October the weather is p] :ing, nights, however, are cool, and frost occurs nearly each month. The tall is pleasantly cold until the snowj season commences, early in December, which lasts until the following April. This routine of the seasons seems to be regular, taking for data recorded obser\ al ions. Average temper ature — thermometer, I.V.'.Mt. Health of locality good." FORT KLAMATH, OREGON. (Established 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY SECOND LIEUTENANT STEPHEN B. THOBTIRN, TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY, .11 LY, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFK I Location.— Latitude, l : ■ 13' ll"; longitude, 121° 55'. Post-office at the post. Link River, Oregon, about thirty-five miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Klamath agency (Indian) four miles from post. Quarters. — Quarters for two hundred men. 34 by 138 feet, 12 feet high; built of 1 inch lumber: in ordinary condition, and iced repairs. Kitchens and mess rooms, two in one building, each 24 by 100 feet. 12 feet high : divided by a partition. Laundresses' quarters, two, each 16 by 61 feet, 12 feet high ; built of 1-inch lumber: capacity for four laundresses. Officers' quarters, five., 40 by 40 feet, 12 feet bigh ; built of 1 inch lumber; in ordinary condition, and needs repairs. Adjutant and quartermaster's office in one building of same dimensions as- officers' quarters. All the root's are made of shingles. Stobe-houses. — Quartermaster and commissary in one building, separated by a partition in center; each stoic 18 by 38 feet, and ll' feet high; built of hewn timber; capacity for supplies for two companies for one year ; roots made of shingles. A block-house at each end for protection and defense, in good condition. Hospital.— Hospital 10 by 40 feet, and 12 feet high; built of 1-inch lumber. Consists on north side of two rooms,each 12 h\ 18 feet, aud 12 feet high— one used as kitchen and the other as mess-room; west side, two rooms, each 14 by 16 — one \\--fd as dispensary and the other as steward's room : east side, one room 16 by 2* feet, and li' feet high, a \ the Russians, St. rani's.) is held as reserved. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country very mountainous. Timber plenty, being fir or spruce. The harbor has numerous small islands. Good anchorage in the stream. Wharf poor, but serviceable. Mean rise and fall of the tide, about L5 feet. Climate rather cold ; dry during' the summer months, but very rainy during the rest of the year, with the exception of January and February, when it is the coldest. Health of locality g 1. Soil a rich loam. Ground full of hummocks, which retain water. Grass good in summer. Potatoes and turnips do better than any other vegetables. Lettuce thrives, but cabbages do nol head. Few other vegetables do well. Temperature— thermometer, 42°.9. Average fall of rain yearly, 7:;. II indies. FORT CAPWAI, IDAHO TERRITORY. (Established 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN I?Y LIEUTENANT CHARLES BENDIRE, FIRST CAVALRY, JUNE, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. LOCATION. — Latitude, 46° 32' ; longitude west of Washington. 116° Id'. The post is located on the left bank of Lapwai Creek, a mountain stream, from which it derives its name, and three miles south of the Clearwater. Lewiston, built at the continence of the Clearwater with Snake 1,'iver, is the nearest town (nearly due west) from the post, and about 1- miles distant. FortLap- wai was first established in 1863, and its construction completed in the fall of 1864. It is intended to accommodate a troop of cavalry and a company of infantry. It was abandoned in July. 1867, and remained unoccupied until November of the same year. Since then it lias been constantly occu- pied. There is a post-office at the post. The Lapwai Valley, at the point where the garrison is located, is about three-fourths of a mile wide. Quarters. — Officers' quarters — two double frame buildings, each 52 by 46 l\'fl ;; one and one-half stories high, with shingle roofs ; require frequent repairs; woodshed and yard attached to each building. Men's quarters — two frame buildings, each 91 by 30 feet; one story high, with shingle roof; in good condition. Mess room and kitchen in one building 44 by li» feet ; built of logs, and in poor condition. Laundresses' quarters in two buildings, constructed of slabs, one containing four rooms, the other two rooms, each 10 by 10 feet; roofs shingled; in poor condition, and require fre- quent repairs. Store-houses. — Commissary in one frame building, board-lined ; 50 by 22 feet, and 20 feel high ; shingled roof; contains a cellar 20 by 12 feet, and 8 feet deep ; in g 1 condition. Quarter- master's in one building. 81 by 20 feet, and 17 feet high ; built of logs, with shingled roof; in poor condition, and requires frequent repairs. Hospital. — One frame building one and one-half stories high ; lathed and plastered throughout : Containing ward-room 20 by 15 feet, with capacity for six beds; surgery. 15 by 15 feet : mess-room and kitchen each 12 by 12 feet; roofed with shingles, and in g 1 condition. GUARD-HOUSE. — One frame building, board lined. 40 by 30 feet; one story high ; containing prison-room 10 by 16 feet, and three cells, each 4 by 8 feet; roof shingled; building in good condition. Stables, &c. — Quartermaster and cavalry in one frame building, 275 by 30 feet, and 16 feet I I 106 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. high ; has capacity for one hundred animals. The roof is constructed of shaker, and is not in good condition; about one-third of the stable in g 1 condition. Attached to stable is a saddle-room built of logs, and shaker roof, 33 by 22 feci: lined with boards, and in good condition. One frame building, 30 by 16 feet, is used as a granary. It is battened inside and out, roofed with shingles, and has capacity for 4,800 bushels (if grain ; in good c lition. South of the stable is a hay-yard 190 by 170 feet, surrounded by a hoard fence ; has capacity for 250 tons ofhay. Opposite the hay-yard is a cattle corral, 175 by 115 feet, surrounded by a slab fence; a shed, with shaker roof, 15 feet wide, extends along one side. Connected with the corral is a slaughter-house, 12 by 10 feet, built of boards. Offices, &c. — Adjutant's office and library in frame building, 30 by 20 feet; battened out- side, lathed and plastered within ; porch on north side; roof shingled, and in good condition. Bake- house, one building, 29 by 21, feet, built oflegs; roof shingled and in good condition. Carpenter's shop, one building, 85 by 15 feet, and IS feet high ; built of slabs; roof shingled, and requires frequent repairs. Blacksmith-shop, one frame building, 32 by ~\h feet, and 1(> feci high; has a shingle roof, requiring frequent repairs. Ice-house constructed of logs, with shaker roof; has capacity fur thirty tons of ice. Post garden. — The garden is situated on the right bank of the Lapwai, one-fourth of a mile east of the post, and contains about ten acres. Nearly everything in the vegetable line can be raised here. The whole garden can lie irrigated if necessary. Supply-depot. — The nearest quartermaster and commissary depot is at Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, three hundred and forty-eight miles distant. During three months of the year — April, May, and June — supplies can be landed by steamboat at Lew iston, Idaho Territory, only twelve miles distant. No boats run up Snake River during the remaining part of the year ; they stop at Wallula, Washington Territory, one hundred and thirty miles from the. post. From thence stores can be transported via Walla-Walla, Washington Territory, at all seasons. SUBSISTENCE. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water. — The garrison is supplied with water from a tine spring one fourth of a mile east of the post, and near the garden, by a water-wagon. There is a well between the company quarters, bid it is little used. Barrels filled with water are kept near all the buildings for protection against tire. Wood. — Wood, consisting of pine and fir, is furnished by contract. INDIANS. — The nearest Indians are the Nez Perces, numbering about three thousand five hundred. Their agency is situated at the mouth of the Lapwai, and three miles from the post. The largest part of the Lapwai Valley is occupied by them. The Spokanes and Cobut d'Alenes occupy the country north of the Clearwater. Reservation. — There are no records at the post showing that the reservation on which it is located has been declared by the President. One square mile is held as reserved inside of and near tin.' western boundary of the Nez Percys reservation. Description of THE COUNTRY, &C. — In the vicinity of the post it is volcanic formation, mostly high prairie land, intersected by deep and rocky ravines. The soil is generally rich, and water is plenty. The Lapwai Valley contains about 3,000 acres capable of cultivation and irriga- tion. The other valleys in the neighborhood contain little arable land, being mostly narrow and rocky. Some of the prairie land, especially near the base of Craig's Mountain, produces good crops of grain without irrigation, and no doubt most of this kind of land would, it the trial was made. Oats is the principal crop raised by the white settler; the Indians raise mostly wheat and corn. The only fiouring-mill in the vicinity belongs to the Indian Department. The grass is excellent and abundant : a liner grazing country is hard to find. The following are the most common trees found in the Lapwai Valley attaining any size: Cottonwood, birch, alder, choke-cherry, hawthorn, willow, and many berry-bearing shrubs are found in the valley. On Craig's .Mountain, a spur of the Salmon River Mountains, twelve miles distant from the post, are found fish and game of every variety in abundance. The Lapwai is always fordable, the Clearwater only at a verj low stage of water, and the Snake l.'iver is not fordable. The nearest ferries over the Clearwater and Snake River are at Lewiston. The climate is healthy and mild for the latitude. Extreme of heat in August, 103° in the simile : of cold in January, 4° below zero. Average temperature, 56.95. The DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 107 valley is generally 1'roe from snow during the winter months. Rain falls until June. The months of July and August arc hoi and dry. Lewiston, at the confluence of the Clearwater with the Snake River, the nearest town from the post, contains about five hundred inhabitants. It is the base of supplies for the various mining-camps in the mountains. Of these the must important are Oro Finn, or Pierce City, eighty miles; Elk City, ninety-live miles; Florence, one hundred and five miles; and Warruns, one hundred and fifty miles distant. The supplies to these mining-camps are carried by pack-animals only. Placer-claims are mostly worked, and pay well when a good supply of water can be obtained for mining purposes. Scattering farms and stock-ranches are found along the different routes to the above-mentioned mining-camps. The nearest military posl east of the Rocky Mountains is Fort Shaw, Montana Territory, about two hundred and fifty miles distant. CAMP SAX JUAN ISLAND, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. ^Established August, 1859.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT CHARLES BIRD, TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY, JULY, I860, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTEE AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude. 48° 28' north; longitude from Greenwich, L23° L' west. Altitude of barom eter above the sea, 150 feet. This post was established under peculiar circumstances. During the spring or summer of 1859 a disturbance arose between the American settlers on the island and the Hudson Hay Company's men, who claimed that the island was part of the colony of Vancouver's Island. The treaty of 1846 establishing the boundary line between the United States. British Columbia, and Vancouver's Island was not explicit in stating which channel was the dividing water between the main land of Washington Territory and Vancouver's Island. The British authorities claimed that Rosario Strait, that is the channel nearest the main land of Washington Territory, is the dividing channel ; while the United States authorities claimed that llaro Strait, that is the one nearest Vancouver's Island, is the channel referred to in the treaty. San Juan Island, lying between these two straits, became disputed territory. The American citizens on San .Juan aboul this time applied to the military authorities for protection against neighboring and northern Indians, and Captain George E. Pickett, Ninth Infantry, then stationed at Bellingham Pay, was ordered to San Juan Island with his company for that purpose. The governor of the colony of Vancouver's Island, James Douglass, esq., made preparations to dislodge by force the United States troops in tempo- rary occupation of the island, and directed the ships of war then in the harbor of Esquimault to proceed to San Juan Island. On the matter assuming a hostile appearance, General Harney, then in command of the Department of Oregon, with headquarters at Fort Vancouver, Washington Ter- ritory, ordered the troops stationed at Fort Steilacoom, Washington Territory, Port Townsend, Washington Territory, and Fort Vancouver. Washington Territory, to proceed to San Juan Island, and report to Lieutenant Colonel Silas Casey, Ninth Infantry, for duty, who was then in command. Fortifications or earthworks were at once erected, using the guns of the United States propeller Massachusetts. On the arrival of General Scott, commander in chief of the United States Army, and Admiral Paynes, commander in chief of Pier Britannic Majesty's naval force in the Pacific, it was agreed that there should exist a joint military occupancy of the island of not more than an aggregate of 100 men, until the question of title be settled, which occupancy still continues. The station was first called Camp Pickett, by order of Colonel Casey, August 10, 1859, and the name was not changed until July 1863, when it was called by Major G. Bissell, Ninth Infantry. San Juan, and remained so until March, 1S<>7, when it was called Camp Steele, after General Fred. Steele, who commanded the Department of the Columbia at that time. It was afterwards changed to Camp San Juan Island, Washington Territory, on account of there being a post in Wyoming Territory called Fort Fred. Steele. QUARTERS. — Officers' quarters— one building, frame, one and one-half stories high, witli porch in front; one building, double frame, with front porch; one double building built of cedar and weather boarded, with porch in front and on each side ; one building built of logs, shingle roof, with 108 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAKY POSTS AND .STATIONS. porch in front. Each has a yard and garden attached, surrounded by a high board fence. Men's quarters — one building, 0!)J by 11 feet, built of boards, with shingle roof; one building 20 by 12 feet, with addition 13 feet square, built of boards, with shingle roof; one building, 25^ by 12 feet, built of logs and covered with shingles. The accommodations, as regards room, are quite insuf- ficient for even the present number of men, (68.) They are very low, badh ventilated, and constantly require repairs. Four sets of laundresses' quarters, one built of logs, the others of old lumber. Mess-EOOM. — One building, 40 by 18 feet, built of logs and shingled ; has a shed attached, 18 by 11J feet, containing range, and every facility for cleanliness. Storehouses. — Quartermaster's store-house, 30 by 20 feet, built of old lumber; is in good con- dition, and has capacity for one year's supply of quartermaster's stores and clothing, camp and garrison equipage for one company. Shed, 10 by 0i feet, attached. Commissary storehouse. 30 feet square; new frame building; has capacity for six months' supply of stores for one company. Hospital. — One building, :;:; by is feet, frame, covered with shingles, containing steward's quarters, dispensary, mess-room, and kitchen. One building, (the hospital proper,) 23 by 20 feet, new, with porch in front; is well lighted and ventilated, and has accommodations for six patients- Stables. — One two-story building, frame, covered with shingles; first floor 4!U, by 30 feet second floor, 4\h\ by 30 feet ; capacity for one year's supply of hay. A frame building, 36 by 20 feet, shingled, is attached, containing a large bin, with capacity for 30,000 pounds of grain : building in good condition. A wooden shed on north side of stable, 20 by 14 feet, is used as shelter for oxen. Cakpenteu-siiop, &c. — Carpenter-shop, -'J by 20 feet; old log building, covered with shingles. Blacksmith-shop, 2] by 14 feet; small frame building, in good condition. One building, 27 by IS feet, built of logs and covered with shingles, is used as a bake-house. One small frame building, surrounded by a porch, used as adjutant's office. One old frame building, 26 by 12 feet, used as quartermaster's and commissary's office. Supply-depot. — Quartermaster's and commissary stores are furnished direci from San Fran- cisco, California. Stores can be supplied as cheap from San Francisco as from Portland, Oregon, and saves reshipment. They are generally delivered direct by the United States Steamer Newbern, otherwise they go to Port Townsend, Washington Territory, and are delivered here by the freight contractor. The whole year's supply of quartermaster's stores is furnished on one estimate. Com- missary stores are required for every three months. WATER. — The post is supplied with water from a spring at least a mile distant, by water carts. In wilder one cart is sufficient, but in summer two are required. Wood. — Wood is supplied by the labor of the troops. It consists of pine, fir, and alder. INDIANS. — The tribe of Indians immediately around the post is the Flathead, divided into several clans, such as the Sannah, Lummie, Victoria, and Callums. Communication. — Our mail, passenger, and freight communication is with Port Townsend, Washington Territory, about thirty-five miles distant, by steamer, as per contract between General Saxton and Thomas Coupe. The mail is delivered once a week at $300 per month. Troops are carried at $1 50 per man ; officers $2 50; freight, $5 per ton measurement — all in legal- tenders. There being no post-office here, our mail is made up at Olympia, Washington Territory, by regular mail service, and from there as stated above. The nearest town is Victoria, British Columbia, twenty miles distant, which has always been connected by steamer until tins year. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is located has not been declared by the President. All the southern extremity of the island from a point half a mile north of the flag-staff is reserved. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C. — The post is situated on the southern pari of the island, about two miles from its extremity, and near the old station of the Hudson Bay Company. The Strait of San Juan de Fuca, which partially bounds the island on the west, is bete about twenty-five miles wide, and separates it from the main land of Washington Territory, along the coast of which stretches the Olympian l.'angc To the south is seen Mount Rainier, and to the cast .Mount Baker, two of the highest mountains <>n the Pacific Coast, while connecting them are the serrated peaks of the Cascade range, 'the neighboring straits are studded with beautiful islands, thicklj wooded, on which, as well as this island, are found deer, beaver, and mink in abundance. The waters heir DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 109 abound in fish, such as salmon, halibut, flounder, rock-cod, and herring, and, in some of the bays, whiting and smelt. The Indians catch them in large quantities, and smoke them for winter use The soil is a light sandy loam, the greater portion of it arable, and the alder bottoms are peculiarly adapted to raising hay and grain,- of which there is more than sufficient produced to supply the demands of the post. There are a large number of sheep and cattle raised on the island, and the quality of San Juan mutton is celebrated. Timber, plentiful ; cedar, pine, fir, and alder abound. The climate is equable, with neither extremes of heat or cold. Average temperature — thermom- eter, 51.86; hygrometer, 48.69. The island is quite thickly settled, and very healthy. SITKA, ALASKA. (Established October, 1867.) INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. Location. — Situated on Baranoff Island, in latitude 57 2' 52" north; longitude 135 17' 54". Post-office at the post. Fort Wrangel, Alaska, distant about two hundred and twenty miles, is the nearest settlement. Ql aimeiis. — For enlisted men — one building, 66 by 7L' feet: three stories high ; stone foundation ; capacity for one company of infantry and one of artillery, for officers — four buildings, one of two stories, 50 by 87 feet, stone foundation ; one of two stories, 43 bj LOO feet, stone foundation; two one-story buildings, 35 by 55 feet, and 41 by 116 feet, respectively. For laundresses — tw e- Story buildings, one 80 by 55 feet, the other 24 by 32 feel. All are built of hewn logs, have shingled roofs, and are in fair condition, except quarters of enlisted men and laundresses, which require extensive repairs. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's, two-story frame building, 34 by 155 feet; boarded, with shingle roof and stone foundation; capacity for one year's supply for two companies. Oommissary, 44 by 74 feet; one story high ; built of hewn logs, with copper roof* and stone foundation; capacity for one year's supply for two companies. Both buildings in fair condition. Hospital. — One two-story building, 41 by 85 feet; built of hewn logs, with stone foundation and shingled roof; in fair condition. OFFICES. — One two-story building, 36 by 70 feet; built of hewn logs; stone foundation, and shingled roof: in fair condition. Magazine.— One one-story building, It) by 58 feet; built of hewn logs; stone foundation; sheet- iron roof; in fair condition. All the above, buildings were received by transfer with the Territory. Forage-shed, shops, &c. — The following buildings were erected by the Quartermaster's Depart- ment: Forage- shed, 65 by 30 feet; one story; built of lumber. Blacksmith shop, 16 by 26 feet; one story; framed and boarded. Carpenter, saddler, and paint shopiu a one-story building. 67 bj is feef ; framed and boarded. Bake house, 25 by 18 feet ; one story; framed and boarded. Indian market, one story building, If by 18 feet; framed and boarded. Steam saw-mill, one-story build- ing, 70 by 264 feet ; framed and boarded ; log foundation. All have shingled roofs, and are in good condition. SuPPLY-DEroT. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depot is at San Francisco. Cali- fornia, about one thousand three hundred and eighty miles distant. The route of supply is by water. Supplies can be transported at all seasons of the year. SUBSISTENCE. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. WATER. — The garrison is supplied with water by carts from Indian river, running one mile in rear of the post. Wool). — Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — The nearest Indians are the Eolosh and Sitkas. The Indian village is separated from the post by a palisade. HO DESCRIPTIONS OP MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Communication. — Communication between post and nearest town is by water. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country mountainous. Soil not arable. A few summer vegetables can be raised. Timber, plentiful, consisting of spruce, fir, and cedar. Health of locality, good. Average temperature in 1869, 58°. Pain-fall in 1869, 94.21. FORT STEVENS, OREGON. (Established in 18G5.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT JOHN E. WILSON, SECOND ARTILLERY, JUNE, 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. Latitude, 40° 22' 30" north; longitude from Greenwich, 123° 56' 56" west. Post office at Astoria, Oregon, the nearest town, eight miles distant. QUARTERS.— Officers' quarters — four ; plastered and hard-finished; fronts painted, sides and baric whitewashed; surrounded by good fences. Men's quarters, one building, 100 by 32 feet; capacity for one hundred men. Mess-room in rear of men's quarters. All built of plank, and in good repair. Laundresses' quarters, two buildings built of boards, with shingled roofs; white- washed, and in good repair. Store-houses. — Quartermaster and commissary in one building, 113 by 31 feet ; one and one- half stories high. Ordnance store-house, one building, SI by 22 feet : one story high ; built of boards; shingled and whitewashed. HOSPITAL.— Built of boards, 47 by 25i feet; painted and whitewashed. Kitchen. 24 by 22 feet, in rear of and connected with main building; contains bath-room, 12 by 7 feet, and pantry, 12 by 7 feet. In main building two wards, each 24 by 15 feet ; steward's room, 13 by 11 feet, and dispensary ; capacity, ten beds. Guard-house. — One building, built of 4 by 12-inch lumber, and contains guard-room and twenty cells, each 12 by 7 feet, and divided into three compartments. The building is T-shaped; length of cross part, 09 by 32 feet ; other part, 28 by 24 feet. Stables, &C. — One building, 40 by 30 feet; built of boards; whitewashed; contains thirty stalls. There is also a loft for forage. A forage shed, 100 by 30 feet, built of boards and white- washed, with floor made of saplings, used to store the yearly supply of forage. The front portion is divided into stalls for public oxen. Bake-house, &c. — One building, 35 by 12 feet, containing oven capable of baking bread daily for two hundred men. One carpenter's shop, two stories high; built of wood, and white- washed ; not in good repair. One small building in rear of stable, used as a blacksmith's shop ; not in good repair. POST cemetery. — The cemetery is 165 by 1(14 feet, surrounded by a picket-fence, whitewashed. It has been sown with grass-seed. Supply-depots. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depot is at Fori Vancouver, Washington Territory, about one hundred and ten miles distant. The route of supply is by steamer from Vancouver, via Portland and Astoria. Oregon. Supplies can be obtained at all seasons of the year. Subsistence. — From three to four months' supply kept on hand. WATER. — The post is supplied with water for driukiug purposes from wells. There is also a tank to each set of officers' quarters; There is lumber on hand to build two large tanks for com- pany quarters and stables. "Wood. — Wood is supplied by the garrison. Fir, alder, and drift-wood ou the beach in large quantities. Indians. — The uearesl Indians are of the Clatsop tribe, a branch of the Chinooks. Communication between post and nearest tow u is by steamer, chartered bj the Government. Reservation. — The reservation is a square mile, but its hunts are not defined. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Ill Description op country, &c. — The post is situated on a point of land (Point Adams) on Hie south side of the Columbia River. The quarters are some distance from the water. There is a wide beach covered with drift-wood. Timber in great quantities. There is a long wharf, at present nearly useless, as there is twenty yards of beacb beyond it ai low tide, and a vessel drawing over six feet cannot get alongside at any time. Potatoes, cabbage, and a few other vegetables can be raised. There is only one road leading out of the post, and it conies out on the county road about five miles from the post. The beach has washed away, so that it is impossible to get around the point, (Adams.) The beach is continually shifting — making and losing. Climate pleasant and uniform. Fires required nearly every day during the year. Average temperature, 54.15. Health of locality good. No deaths except from violence. Prevailing winds in wilder from the south- west and southeast, and in summer strong sea-breeze from northwest. What is called the rainy season in this vicinity lasts from. October to April, both months inclusive, and during that time (in 1868) 51.74 inches fell. There are no settlements in the immediate vicinity of the post. CAMP THREE FORKS, OWYHEE, IDAHO TERRITORY. (Established 1866.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY SECOND LIEUTENANT G. B. McDERMOTT, TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY, JULY, 1870, POST QUARTERMASTER AND COMMISSARY OF SUBSISTENCE AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 42° 51' north; longitude from Greenwich, 11^° 50' west. Post-office at Silver City, Owyhee County, Idaho Territory, the nearest town, distance about forty miles. Quarters. — Quarters for two hundred men, built of logs ; interstices plastered with earth; roof shingled. The quarters are not in good condition, having been built late in the year. Within six weeks they, as well as other buildings, wen- built and occupied. Officers' quarters — two build- ings, built of logs, with shingle roofs; both leaky and in poor condition. STORE-HOUSES. — One quartermaster and commissary storehouse, (il by 20 feet, 14 feet high; capacity for supplies for two companies for one year; built of fir logs; roof shin-led; hastily con- structed, and constantly in bad repair. One commissary storeroom for sales, 20 by LSi feet, 14 feet high ; in bad repair. Hospital. — Built of fir logs; roof shingled. Dispensary, office, and steward's room in the north end of building; size, 20 by 12 feet; mean height, 8 feet. Ward adjoins the dispensary; size, 24 by 20 feet; mean height, 8 feel ; capacity for eight beds. Ward is adjoined on the south by the hospital kitchen ; size of room. 20 by 12 feet, 14 feet high ; and this room is adjoined on the south by the post bakery ; size of room, 20 by 12 feet, and 14 feet high. Bakery contains one oven. 17 A by ~J. T feet. Guard-house, &c. — Built of logs; roof shingled; no cells. Quartermaster's corrals built of logs; condition serviceable. Stables built of logs, with board roof. All the buildings are leaky, and in bad repair. Supply-depot. — The nearest quartermaster's and subsistence depot is at Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, but in point of convenience San Francisco, California, is by far the best. Freight is forty days usually between Fort Vancouver and this post, and fourteen days from San Francisco. The distance to Fort Vancouver is five hundred and eighteen miles; to San Francisco, six hundred and seventy-two miles. The route of supply from Fort Vancouver is by wagon road; from San Francisco, by rail to Winneniucca, Nevada, and by wagon road from that point. Supplies can be transported only during the summer and autumn months, owing to heavy snows iu the winter and soft roads in the spring. Wood. — Wood is furnished by contract. Water. — The post is supplied by wells, three in number, and by a small creek called Dry Creek, which dries up during the latter part of summer, and remains so until winter. INDIANS. — There are no Indians known to lie in the vicinity of the camp, with the exc ption of a few small bands of friendly Shoshones, who are to the southward and eastward. 112 DESCBIPTIONS OF MILITAEY POSTS AND STATIONS. Communication between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Eeservation. — There arc four reserves, which have been declared by the President, and pub- lished in General Orders No. 29, Department of the Columbia, series 1869. They consist of the posl reserve, H by 1 miles; the wood reserve, 2 by 1 miles ; the grazing reserve, 2 by 2 miles; and the water reserve, 25 yards on each side of Dry Creek, and extending about four miles. Description of country, &o. — To the north and east the country is hilly and mountainous; to the south and west it is an eternal plateau and rolling table-land, covered with sage-brush, lava- rock, and some alkali. There is no timber near the camp, but on South .Mountain, six or seven miles distant, there is considerable fir timber, which furnishes fuel for the camp, and is generally delivered by contractors. Juniper or dwarf-cedar abounds among the hills six or seven miles to the southeast. The bottom-land on each side of the creek, for a short distance below the cam]), is rich and arable. Bunch-grass, rye-grass, red-top, and tide grow in, the vicinity. Bunch-grass covers all the neighboring hills, and for two or three months in the year affords good grazing. Climate rigorously cold in winter, with great depth of snow; in summer warm, with frequent and. violent wind storms. Mean temperature from January to June, 44.98; from July to December. 55. Average fall of rain during one year, 15-, ^ inches. Nearest settlement, in the valley of Jordan Creek, fifteen miles distant. FORT TONGASS, ALASKA * (Established April, 1868. Discontinued.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LIEUTENANT F. M. RING, SECOND ARTILLERY, JULY. 1870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 54° 4G' north; longitude from Greenwich, 1".1° 40' west. Post-office at the post. The post is built upon a small island, two miles in circumference, irregular in outline, and with rocky shores, except immediately in front of the garrison, where there is a small sand beach. It is separated, from the main land by a deep channel of from .'!()() to 500 yards in width. The anchorage is good and well protected, but difficult of access for sailing-vessels. Portland Canal, or Niss Straits, the boundary line of British Columbia, is distant eight miles to the south- ward. The garrison faces the north, and in winter suffers from exposure to the cold when north- erly gales are blowing. Quarters. — Officers' quarters — one built of lumber, in good condition ; two built of logs and lumber, temporary structures, in poor condition. Men's quarters — one two story building, L02 by 31 feet, built of logs, lined and weather-boarded, contains two rooms, i ach 10 bj 28 feet, and com- pany office and commanding officer's office, 28 by 15 feet : second story. 28 by 15 feet, used as store- room for company property; capacity for one hundred men; in good condition. Laundres quarters — temporary building of lumber, in good condition, contains s rooms, L2 by 15 feet each : by weather-boarding can be made substantial and comfortable. STORE-HOUSES. — One building, 40 by 28 feet, built of logs, lined and weather-boarded, con- taining four rooms, each 20 by 28 feel — two used for commissary stores, with capacity for one year's supply; one used for quartermaster's stores, and one for clothing; in good condition. There are also seven log-houses built by employes. Some of these are available as store-houses. Hospital. — Temporary building of logs, lined with lumber, 30 by 20 feet, and in good condi- tion. It contains wardroom, is by ll feet; dispensary, 18 by 8 feet; and kitchen, s l>\ L2 feet. Store room in rear of hospital, built of lumber, in poor condition. C,i Ai;i) house. — Temporary building of logs, lo by 20 feet, in good condition. Magazine. — A magazine, 20 by 10 feet, of logs and lumber, now in process of erection, is nearly completed. Stables. — A shed, no bj 26 feci, built of logs and lumber, in good conditiou, is used as a stable and store-house for hay and grain. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 113 Bake-house, &c. — A bake-house, 24 by 16 feet, with store-house, 24 by 10 feet, built of [umber, in good condition. One building, 4() by 24 feet, built of lumber, used as :i carpenter and black- smith shop, in good condition. School-house, 24 by 12 feet, built of lumber, in good condition. Supply-depot. — The nearest quartermaster aud subsistence depot is 'it Portland, Oregon. The route of supply is by water. Supplies can be t ransporl ed at all seasons of the \ ear. St BSISTENCE. — One year's supply is usually kept on hand. Water. — An abundance of good water can be obtained from springs on- the island. Wood. — Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. INDIANS. — The nearest Indians are the Tongas tribe. Their village is within 500 yards of the garrison. They number about one hundred men. women, and children. They are peaceable and well disposed. The Hydahs, Chimsains, Nascars, and ( 'ape Fox Indians often visit the post. They are well disposed. Communication. — Communication with San Francisco, California, per quartermaster steamer Newbern. three times a year; by mail steamer George S. Wright, with Portland, Oregon, Fort Wrangell, and Sitka, Alaska, once a month. Reservation. — The island on which the post is built is held as a reservation. Description of country, &c. — The surrouudmg country is mountainous, and heavily tim bered with spruce, hemlock, and red cedar. Yellow cedar and alder are also found, but are not plentiful. The soil is a mixture of sand and loam. It is \ cry wet, but arable when well exposed to the sun. Potatoes, turnips, and most garden vegetables can be raised. There is but little grass, owing to the thickness of the timber. The climate is moist and mild, occasionally warm in summer. Average temperature — thermometer, 45.1)4 Fahrenheit; hygrometer, 14.85. The yearly rainfall is preat — 135.64 inches. Forts Simpson and Metlacahtla, British Columbia, distant respectively eighteen and thirty miles, are the nearest settlements. Fort Wrangell, the nearest military post, is distant one hundred and eighty miles to the northward. FORT VANCOUVER, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. (The records of this post are incomplete. Supposed to have been established in 1849.) INFORMATION FURNISHED I'.Y CAPTAIN E. D. BAKER, ACTING QUARTERMASTER, OCTOBER, 1870. Location. — Latitude, 45° 10' north; longitude, 122° 40' west. Known as the chief post of the Hudson Bay Company prior to its occupancy by the United States Government. Situated on the Columbia Liver, one hundred and twenty-four miles from its month. Post-office in the old town of Vancouver, adjoining the reserve. The nearest city is Portland, Oregon, distant eight miles by land and eighteen by water. QUARTERS. — One commandant's quarters, built of logs, hard-finished, containing eight rooms and two attics, with two kitchens attached, needing repairs. Six double sets officers' quarters, built of logs, with kitchens attached, needing repairs. Four single sets officers' quarters, frame, with kitchens attached, hard-finished, and in good order. Two company quarters, built of logs, capacity for one company each, in poor order, needing repairs. Two companj quarters, frame, capacity for two companies each, needing repairs. One guard-house, frame, needing repairs. One billiard- hall, frame, in good order. One adjutant's office, frame, in good order. One bake house, frame. with two ovens, needing repairs. Nine laundresses' quarters, for ten families, in very poor order, needing repairs. HOSPITAL. — Two-story frame building, three large wards on first floor and one surgery and dispensary; two wards on second floor; capacity for thirty beds; hard-finished and in good order. Stables. — One frame building, capacity for seventy-two horses, in good order: one frame building, capacity for eighty-four horses, net-ding repairs. Sheds. — One battery-shed for six guns and caissons, in good order; one frame building, lot storing lumber, coal, iron, and wagon materials, in good order. 15 11-4 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Wuaef. — Situated in front of and between commissary and quartermaster's store-houses, extending into the river to twenty-nine feet depth of water at low-water mark, and adapted for transferring supplies at all stages of the river, in good order. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's, 50 by 4<> feet, two stories high, with extension toward the river 50 by 40 feet, one story high, with cellar; frame and in good order; capacity for supplies for one thousand men for one year. Commissary, 50 by 40 feet, two stories high, with cellar; frame and in good order; capacity for supplies for one thousand men for one year. Offices. — Two small frame buildings, used for quartermaster and eommissai-y offices, situated convenient to store-houses, needing repairs. Quartermaster's house and stable. — The quartermaster's house is a frame building situated near the depot, contains eight rooms and kitchen, hard-finished, and in good order. Sta- bles — frame building, witli hay loft, capacity for fifty animals, in good order. Corral. — Corral 200 feet square, built of lumber, with hay-racks and feed-troughs; well, with force and lift pump in center; needing repairs. Granakies. — Two frame buildings, capacity for 150,000 pounds of grain in each, in good order. Barns. — Hay-barns — three frame buildings, capacity for 125 tons of hay, each, in good order. Straw barn — one frame building, capacity for forty tons, in good order. SHOPS. — Blacksmith-shop — frame building, with one forge, in good order. One frame building, containing carpenter-shop, four benches; saddler-shop, one bench ; paint-shop for one painter, in good order. ENGINE-HOUSE. — Frame building for lire-engine, hose cart, and meeting-hall, in good order. Roofing. — All the buildings are roofed with shingles. Fences. — Four inclosures, in very bad order; posts nearly all rotted off and rails broken; should be rebuilt of new material. Indians. — Nearest tribes are civilized; names not known. WATER. — The post is supplied with water by the Vancouver Water Company, which is taken from one hydrant and distributed to the different quarters by the post water-wagon. The quarter- master's department is supplied by hauling water from the river. WOOD. — Fuel is purchased by contract. < lOMMUNlCATlON. — By the Columbia River. RESERVATION. — The reservation embraces 640 acres, fronting 1,200 yards on the Columbia River, and extending back one and one-half mile. Declared a reservation by the Secretary of War October 20, 1853. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is densely wooded. Soil, black clay. All sorts of fruits, grain, and vegetables pertaining to a northern climate, can be raised. The climate is even and mild. Average temperature, 52.13, divided as follows: Spring, 51.10 ; summer, 02; fall, 53.55; winter, 42.43. FORT WALLA WALLA, WASHINGTON TERRITORY. (Established 1856. Discontinued.) information GIVEN BY SAMUEL 1». SMITH, QUARTERMASTER'S AGENT, JUNE, L870. Location.— Latitude, 46° 2' 59"; longitude from Greenwich, lis 23' 48". Post-office at the town of Walla-Walla, about half a mile distant from the foil. Quarters. — Barracks and kitchens for six companies. Two of the buildings are built of logs and weather-boarded : tin- others are frame buildings, lined with sun dried bricks. Officers* quar- ters — live double sels; frame buildings, one and one half stories high : lined with sun-dried bricks ; walls covered with cloth, and papered ; plastered overhead. One frame building adjacent to the hospital, containing four rooms, was occupied by (lie post surgeon. Laundresses' quarters — two one-Story frame buildings, each loll by 20 feet; unfinished. All these buildings require repairs. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 115 Store-houses.— Quartermaster's, 94 by 30 feet ; two stories high. Commissary, 90 by 30 feet ; one story high. Capacity for supplies for six companies for one year. Both store-houses are good frame buildings, built in the must substantial manner, and arc lined throughout with adobe. Hospital. — Frame building, one and one-half stories high ; well built; lathed and plastered inside; has four wards, with capacity for fifty beds. Dispensary and steward's mom in main building. Kitchen and dining-room in building attached. Storeroom in upper story. Building in good order. Guard-house. — Frame building, two stories high. Prison room and cells on ground floor; officers' room and guard-room on second floor; needs repairs. Office. — Adjutant's office— one-story frame building, 42 by 18 feet; two office rooms; in good order. Ordnance store-rooms. — Two one-story frame buildings, each 30 by 20 feet ; one. on each side of guardhouse ; in good order. GRANARY. — Frame building, 00 by 30 feet; in good order; capacity for 000,000 pounds of forage. Stables. — Frame building, 80 by 4:! feet ; capable of stabling thirty-six animals ; with loft of capacity for thirty tons of hay ; well and substantially built ; in good order. Shops. — Frame building, 60 by 25 feet; one and one-hall' stories high; one-half used as a blacksmith-shop, and the other half as wheelwright shop ; saddler-shop up stairs. In good order. Bake-house. — Oven in fair condition. Building of no value, being only a temporary structure, built in 1857, of cottouwood logs set on end, and are now almost rotted down. Corrals and sheds. — Temporary structures, much dilapidated and decayed; require rebuild- ing before they can be used. Supply-depot. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Portland, Oregon, and Fort Vancouver, Washington Territory, distant about two hundred and seventy-five miles. Water.— The supply of water is obtained from a creek immediately in rear of officers' quar- ters by water-wagon. Wood. — Wood is furnished by contract — cottouwood, alder, birch, and maple. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Walla-Walla, Cayuse, and Umatillas, on Umatilla reserva- tion, thirty miles south of the post, and Nez Percys, on their reservation, one hundred miles east of the post. Communication. — With Portland by steamer to Wallula, thence to this place by stage tri- weekly, and by overland stage daily from the east and Dalles. Reservations. — The reservation on which this post is built was surveyed and set apart in 1857, and is one mile square. There are also wood and hay reservations — the former a tract of land two miles long by half a mile wide, located on Mill Creek, about five miles east of the post. The timber on this reserve was long since cut and used by the troops for fuel. The hay reserve is also two miles long by half a mile wide. It is located ou Dry Creek, about seven miles north of the post, and will furnish annually, if properly fenced and cared for, 200 to 300 tons of good wild hay. Both these reserves were also surveyed and set apart in 1857. Description of the country, &c. — Surrounding country rolling prairie, with numerous small streams, the banks of which are fringed with a small growth of cottouwood, alder, and birch trees. Timber for fencing and building is hauled from the Blue Mountains, distant eighteen miles. Corn, oats, barley, wheat, all kinds of vegetables, and fruits grow in great abundance. Wild bunch-grass grows in luxuriance, and stock can be grazed without forage for from- seven to eight months in the year. Climate, warm in summer, and in winter the temperature is no colder than in Washington City. Health of locality, good. Country, settled. lllj DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. CAMP WARNER, OREGON. (Established 1867.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN A. C. KISTLER, TWENTY-THIED INFANTRY, JULY, L870, THE ACTING ASSISTANT Q1 ARTERMASTEE AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude, 42°; longitude, 120°. Mail carried by an expressman to Camp Bidwell, California, the nearest post-office, forty-five miles distant. Reno, Nevada, the nearest town, about two hundred and sixty miles. Qi arters. — (Quarters lor two hundred and eighty enlisted men; built of logs; in good con- dition. Officers' quarters, seven — four rooms and a kitchen each; built of logs; in good condition. Laundresses' quarters, six — built of logs: in good condition. Staiu.es. — Stables for eighty cavalry horses; built of logs; in good condition. Stables for fifty quartermaster's animals: built of plank: in good condition. Storehouses. — Quartermaster's store-house, 07 by 30 feet, 15 feet high ; capacity for supplies for three companies for one year; built of logs; roof made of shingles: in good condition. Com- missary store house, Hid by •"><> feet, 15 feet high; capacity for supplies for three companies for one year; built of logs; roof made of shingles; in good condition. Granary, 70 by 30 feet, 15 feet high ; capacity for 700,000 pounds of grain ; built of logs; roof made of shingles ; in good condition. Hospital. — Hospital, 75 by 35 feet, 15 feet high; built of logs; in good condition; consists of Six apartments, viz : Ward. 44 by 24 feet ; kitchen, 20 by 12A feet ; dining-room, lio by 14 feet ; bath- room, 14 by 13 feet; dispensary, It by 14 feel ; steward's room, 14 by 14 feet. GrUARD-HOUSE. — Guard-house, 40 by 30 feet, 15 feet high : built of logs ; roof made of shingles ; in good condition. Corrals. — Quartermaster's and commissary corrals made of plank; in good condition. Supply-depot. — The nearest quartermasters' and commissary depots are at San Francisco, California, about six hundred miles distant. Supplies transported by water to Portland, Oregon, or to Reno, Nevada, by rail, and from both places to this post by wagon. Supplies cannot be transported during spring and winter season. Subsistence. — One year's supply is usually kept on hand. WATER. — The post is supplied with good water from springs around the garrison. Wood. — Wood is furnished by the labor of enlisted men. INDIANS. — Nearest Indians on the Klamath Reservation. Communication.— Between post and Camp Bidwell, California, post-office, by expressman, and from Camp Bidwell, California, to Reno, Nevada, (railroad depot,) by stage, once a week. Communication between post and Camp Harney, Oregon, one hundred and seventy-five miles, by enlisted men. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Five square miles held as reserved. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country, hilly. Soil, stony, and until for culti- vation. Timber, sufficient. Vegetables cannot be raised within five miles. Winter, severe ; warm dining the summer months. Health, excellent. No settlements within eighteen miles. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE ATLANTIC. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE ATLANTIC. The Military Division of the Atlantic was first established on tlie 27th of June, 18C5. It then consisted of five military departments, viz: Department of the East — embracing the New England States, New York, and New Jersey. Middle Department — embracing the States of West Virginia, Maryland, (except the counties of Montgomery, that part of Anne Arundel lying smith of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, and excluding the city of Annapolis, Prince George's, Calvert, Charles, and St. Mary's,) the county of Loudoun, and the Shenandoah Valley as far south as and including Rockingham County, in Vir- ginia, and the States of Delaware and Pennsylvania. Department of Virginia — embracing the State of Virginia, excepting Alexandria, Fairfax, and Loudoun Counties, and the Shenandoah Valley as far south as and including Rockingham County. Department of North Carolina — embracing the State of North Carolina. Department of South Carollna — embracing the State of South Carolina. On the 6th of August, 1800, by order of the President, a new arrangement of military divisions and departments was made. In pursuance ofthis order, the Military Division of the Atlantic was discontinued, as well as the departments composing it, except the Department of the East, which retained its old limits, with the addition of the State of Pennsylvania. Several new departments were also created. One, called the Department of the Potomac, embraced the States of Virginia and West Virginia. An. other, called the Department of the South, embraced the States of North Carolina and South Carolina. The States of Delaware and Maryland, formerly included in the Middle Department, were trans f erred to the Department of Washington, which embraced also the District of Columbia. The present Division of the Atlantic was created by order of the President on the 12th of February, 1808. It was originally composed of three_ military departments, viz : Department of the Lakes — embracing the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin. Department of the East — embracing the New England States, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Department of Washington — embracing the States of Delaware and Maryland and the District of Columbia. On the 16th of March, 1809, by orders from the War Department, (General Orders No. 18,) the State of Illinois was transferred from the Department of the Lakes to the Department of the Mis- souri. The Department of Washington was also discontinued, and merged into the Department of the East. By the same order, the First Military District, embracing the State of Virginia, was added to the Division of the Atlantic. Virginia having been admitted to representation in Congress, orders were issued from the head- quarters of the Army, dated January 29, 1870, discontinuing the First Military District, and cre- ating a new department, called the Department of Virginia, composed of the States of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina, and the District of Columbia, which was subsequently added. This department also formed part of the Military Division of the Atlantic. The division now consisted of the 120 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Department op the Lakes — embracing the States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, and Wis- consin; the Department op the East — embracing the New England States, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware; and the Department op Virginia— embracing the States of Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, and the District of Columbia. On the 1st of June, 1870, the Department of Virginia was discontinued, and the territory and troops therein were transferred to the Department of the East. At the same time, the Department of the Lakes was enlarged so as to embrace the northern frontier as far east as Ogdensburgh. The division is now (September, 1870) composed of two military departments, viz: Department op the East— embracing the New England States, New York, (excepting the northern frontier as far east as Ogdensburgh,) New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Department of the Lakes — embracing the. States of Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Wisconsin, and the northern frontier of New York as far east as Ogdensburgh. DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST. P C) S T S DESCRIBED. Adams, Fort. Allegheny Arsenal. Andrews, Fort. Carlisle Barracks. ( laswell, Fort. Cbaniplain Arsenal. Clark's Point. Fort at. ( lolumbus, Fort. ( lonsl itnt ion. Fort. David's Island. Delaware, Fort. Dutch Island, Fort on. Foote, Fort. Frankford Arsenal. Gorges, Fort. (Note.) Griswold, Fort. Hal.-. Fort. Hamilton, Fort. Independence, Fort. Johnson, Fort. Kennebec Arsenal. Knox. Fort. I - : 1 1 '. i \ ette, Fort. Lee, Fort. Long Point Batteries. Macon, Fort. IF t Irary. Fort. McHenry, Foi t. Mifflin, Fort. Monroe Arsenal. Monroe, Fort. Montgomery, Fort. New York Arsenal. Pickering, Fort. Piki sville Arsenal. Phoenix, Fort. Plattsburgh Barracks. Popham, Fort. Preble, Fort. Raleigh, North Carolina. Rome Arsenal. Sandy Hook, Fort. Scammel, Fort. ( Note.) Schuyler, Fort. Schuylkill Ars. (Clothiugdcpot.) Sewell, Fort. Springfield Armory. Standisb, Fort. Sullivan. Fort. Trumbull, Fort. Wadsworth, Fort. Warren, Fort. Washington Arsenal. Washington, Fort. Watertown Arsenal. Watervliet Arsenal. Willett's Point. Winthrop, Fort. Wolcott, Fort. Wood, Fort. POSTS NOT GARRISONED. IX CHARGE OF ORDNANCE SERGEANTS. Forts Lafayette and Schnyler and Fort at Sandy Hook, New York Harbor; Fort Utile. New HaveD, Connecticut; Fort Griswold. New London Harbor; Fort Montgomery. Ionises Point, New York: Fort Winthrop, Boston Harbor, Massachusetts; Forts standisb and Andrews, Plymouth, Massachusetts; Fort Sewell, Marblehead, Massachusetts; Fort Plucnix, Fairliaven, Massachusetts; Fort at Clark's Point, New Bedford, Massachusetts.; Long Point Batteries, Prov- incetown, Massachusetts ; Forts Scammel and Gorges, Portland, Maine ; Fort Knox, Bucksport, Maine ; Fort Popham, Parker's Head, Maine : Fort Wolcott, Newport, Rhode Island : Fort on 1 tutch Island. Rhode Island : Fort Constitution, Newcastle, X.w Hampshire; Fort McCleary, Kittery Point. Maine ; Fort Delaware, Delaware ; Fori Mifflin, near Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania, and Fort Caswell, North Carolina. FORT ADAMS, NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND. (Established on the old fort which formerly occupied the position. The present one was first garri- soned, in 1841, by two companies of the Second Artillery.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 14, 18T0, BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL HENRY J. HUNT. COLONEL FIFTH UNITED STATES ARTILLEPY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — On Brenton's Point, one mile west of the town of Newport, the nearest post-office. QUARTERS. — The quarters for officers and barracks for men are mainly casemates; they are built of stone and brick, with heavy arches of masonry, on which earthen parapets and banquettes 16 122 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. are placed ; they are damp, ill ventilated, unhealthy and inconvenient — those for the men over- crowded. They have been frequently condemned and reported as unfit for quarters, and, upon the repeated orders of the Secretary of War, an appropriation was once made for officers' quarters. The money was sank in foundations, which, alter years of delay, were taken up and the excavations filled up, leaving a pile of old bricks. From their dampness and other inherent evils these quar- ters are neither healthy, comfortable, nor convenient, and from want of facilities for storage and care of supplies they are exceedingly expensive to the occupants. The condition of the quarters is generally as good as the Quartermaster's Department can make them, but three of them are leaky, as well as damp, and to correct this it will probably be necessary to uncover some of the arches. Two or three years ago a deficiency in extent of quarters caused the erection of three temporary wooden buildings as officers' quarters — one as quarters for two captains, each of the others as quarters for two lieutenants. These quarters, although badly planned, inconveniently arranged, and apparently combining a maximum of labor with a minimum of accommodation, are much more suitable than the casemates as quarters. They are in good condition, as from their slight character the storm of September last injured them so much as to make repairs and altera- tions necessary. Store-houses. — Casemates are also used as store-houses ; they are unfit for the purpose, inju- rious to the articles stored, and like the quarters require constant fires to make them fit for any use. Plans and estimates have been forwarded for a new store-house. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — A new hospital — frame — has been occupied since last autumn. It is sufficient for the wants of the garrison and as a relict to the sick, who were formerly kept in- a casemate hospital. No guard-house at the post. A redoubt on the east front of the work fur- nishes a good room for the guard, but the prison part is altogether insufficient ; it is damp, confined, and wholy inadequate. The quarters for laundresses, a new building, erected two or three years since, is deficient iu extent ; it has but fourteen sets of quarters for seventeen laundresses. The rooms are small, ill ventilated, and uncomfortable. Four small buildings lor regimental non-com- missioned staff. There is one stable for artillery horses, containing ninety-six stalls. The battery at the post (Dupont's) has seventy five (artillery) horses. No stable for the Quartermaster's I )epart- ment ; one should be built. A brick building for blacksmith, saddlers', &c, shop, is near the stable. Also a gun-shed for the battery. These buildings are now undergoing repairs. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel, mostly coal, furnished by contract. Water supplied by cisterns under the casemate quarters and by wells. Forage furnished by contract. Communication. — By land and by boat with Newport. Reservation. — The whole of Brenton's Point belongs to the Government, and nearly all of it is covered by the fort and its outworks. ALLEGHENY ARSENAL, PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA. (Established April, 1814.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE IB, 1870, BY BREVET MAJOR JOHN A. KRESS. FIRST LIEUTENANT OF ORD- NANCE, ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER OF THE Post. LOCATION. — On the left bank of the Allegheny River, about three miles from its mouth: is now in the city limits of Pittsburgh. Post-office, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, No. 1, of stone and brick, two stories high, L15 by 45 feet, occupied by commanding officer. No. L', of stone and brick, two stories high, 115 by 15 feet, occu- pied by two first lieutenants. No. 3, of brick, two stories high, 105 by 25 feet, empty. No. 4. of stone and brick, two stories high, 45 by 45 feet, occupied by ordnance store keeper. Keeper's quarters, No. 1, of wood, two stories high. ."..'! by 33 feet, occupied by keeper of grounds. One office, of brick, two stories high, 125 by 25 feet, occupied as offices. Barracks, No. 1, of brick, two stories high, 125 by 25 feet, occupied as hospital, mess-hall, kitchen, and quarters of enlisted men. No. 2, el brick, two stories high, L25 by 25 \\'<-t, occupied as quarters tor enlisted men. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AIM) STATIONS. 123 Store-houses. — Magazine, No. 1, of stone, one story high, 119 l>y -•">', feet — cannon cartridges. No. 2, of brick, one story high, 51 by 38 feet — ammunition. No. 3, of brick, one story high, 86 by 41 feet— powder, &c. Laboratory, No. 1, of wood, one story high, 68 by -1 feet — laboratory. No. 2, of wood, one story high, <>l by 24 feet — laboratory. No. ■">. of wood, one story high, 100 by 24feet — laboratory. No. 4, of wood, one story high, 40 by 17 feel — greasing room. No. •">. of wood, one story high, 24 by 11 feet — miscellaneous stores. Ice-house, of wood and brick, one story high, 19 l>y lit feet. Carriage-shed, Xo. 1, of wood, one story high, 200 by 31 feet, and No. 2, of wood, one story high, 132 by 30 feet — gun-carriages. Four temporary buildings, of wood, one story high, 59 by 29 feel — ammunition. Two temporary buildings, of wood, one story high, 4<> by 15 feet — miscella- neous stores. One temporary building, of wood, one story high, 55£ by 181 feet — miscellaneous stores. One temporary building, of wood, one story high, 1!) by 19 feet— gasometer. One temporary building, of wood, one story high, 16 by 12 feet — scrap iron. One temporary building, of wood, one story high. 26 by 14=V feet — melting lead. One temporary building, of wood, one storj high, 72j by 201 feet— sabots, &c. Eight coal-houses, of brick. One guard-house, of brick, one story high, 53 by 17 feet. One stable of brick, three stories high, ir, by 444 feet. One machine and carriage shop, of brick, two stories high, 438 by 4!» feet. One smith-shop and engine-room, of brick, one story high, 170 by L's.J, feet. One brass foundry, of brick, one story high, 7s by 27A feet. One paint-shop, of brick, two stories high, 65 by 30 feet. One store-house, of stone, three stories high, 12<» by 40 feet — small-arms, \-c. One stole house, of brick, t wo stories high, 217 by 50 feet— accoutrements and timber. One store-house, of stone, three stories high, 60^ by 40^ feet — iron, lead. &c. One store-house, of brick, two stories high, 217 by I3J feet— accoutrements and timber. One store-house, of stone, wood and brick, one story high, 194 by 27 feet— miscellaneous stores. One store-house, of brick, two stories high, 82 by 25 feet — commissary and quartermaster stores, and bakery. One stoic-house, of brick, one story high, 124 by 25 feet — gun-carriages. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's supplies, clothing, &c, are received from Philadelphia generally. Fuel and forage purchased here. Commissary supplies all purchased in Pittsburgh. The commissary and quartermaster's stores are stored in one of the ordnance store houses. Subsistence. — From one to three months' supply kept on hand. Fuel, forage, and water. — Bituminous coal is used for fuel. Forage in abundance is sup plied by the surrounding country. A good supply of water for all the requirements of the post is obtained from a spring on property owned by the United States. Communication with the principal part of Pittsburgh is by street cars. Reservation. — The title is vested in the United States ; contains 36 acres. Description op country, &c. — The climate is mild ; location, healthy. FORT ANDREWS, PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established in 1812. Reestablished in 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY.",, 1870, BY MICHAEL McGARRY, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE. Location.— On the extreme point of land at the entrance to Plymouth harbor, nine miles from the city of Plymouth by water, and twenty-four by land. The nearest post-office is Plymouth. Quarters.— Officers' quarters, none. Men's quarters, a frame building; unserviceable; capable of containing one company if in repair. One frame quarters for ordnance sergeant, 20 by 14 feet. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest supply-depot is Boston, distant forty-four miles. Fuel, FORAGE, and water,— Fuel purchased in Plymouth. Water obtained from well in the fort. Communication by means of boats. Reservation. — Five and one-quarter acres. Description of country, &c. — Soil, good; timber, scarce; locality, healthy. 124 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. CARLISLE BARRACKS, PENNSYLVANIA. (Established as a military post in 1777.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 25, 1870, BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL GEORGE A. H. BLAKE, COLONEL FIRST UNITED STATES CAVALRY, COMMANDING POST, AND SUPERINTENDENT OF MOUNTED RE- CRUITING SERVICE. History. — The site of Carlisle Barracks was selected in the first years of the Revolutionary War with Great Britain as a military rendezvous and encampment. After the taking of Trenton by Washington this post was used as a place of confinement for the Hessian prisoners captured there; these were employed in building and extending the accommodations of the original sets of quarters and defenses. Subsequently Major Andre, Howe's spy. was brought here, awaiting sentence of death. These are the historic traditions of the post. The place is said to have been visited by conflagrations on numerous occasions, and in 1864 was entirely destroyed, and the build- ings and records burned by a detachment of rebel cavalry, commanded byFitzHugh Lee, who left the main army in the vicinity of Gettysburgh to make a demonstration in the direction of Harris- burgh. Location. — It is located about half a mile southwest of the town of Carlisle, near the center of Cumberland Valley, about midway between the mirth and south mountain spurs of Alleghany range, which are separated here a distance of ten miles. The. nearest post-office is Carlisle, Cum- berland County, Pennsylvania. Quarters. — Consist of the commanding officer's quarters, a brick building, two stories high, with wings attached; and ten sets of officers' quarters, each consisting of parlor, dining-room, two bed-rooms, kitchen, servant's room, and bath-room, in two brick buildings, 30 by 150 feet, two stories high, with wings attached. Men's quarters — capacity, six hundred men — two brick build- ings, two stories high, 25 by 250 feet, used as quarters for permanent and three recruit troops, and one brick building, three stories high, 24 by 210 feet, used as quarters for married men and families. The only objection to the quarters of this post are the tin roofs, which require constant repairs, and to such an extent as to employ two men almost constantly in patching them so as to render them water tight. Offices. — A set of officers' quarters is appropriated for this purpose. Store-houses. — 1st. Frame building, 25 by so feet, stone foundations, used for store-room — quartermaster's stores and clothing, six months' supply. 2d. Frame building, 25 by 50 feet, stone foundations — used as store-room for subsistence stores; six months" supply. To improve these buildings and better adapt them for the purposes required they should be built of stone or brick, and each provided with a cellar. A forage-house and hay shed are absolutely necessary. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — The hospital consists of three temporary frame structures, two of which are used as wards, dispensary, and chapel, and the third as a kitchen, &c. The fol- lowing is a synopsis of a former report, a copy of which is now on file in the Quartermaster's Department, and opinion of the surgeon with regard to same: "The location is the. most un- healthy one that could have been selected on the Government reservation. The buildings were temporarily constructed, as situated, in order that the more healthy and eligible site for a hospital could lie kept open for the erection of a permanent building. Efforts have been repeatedly made, but so far without avail, to obtain authority for constructing a permanent hospital building, on a healthy site, large enough to accommodate forty patients." It is earnestly requested that a medical inspector may be sent here for the purpose of examining and reporting upon the Ideal ion, buildings, &c, of the hospital, with a view to a speedy and final action in this matter by the proper authority. The guard house is built of brick and stone. 30 by 70; was originally intended as a magazine. It is divided into four compartments, two of which are used as prison-rooms, one as guaxd-room, and one as magazine for powder and ammunition. The ventilation is very good, but the building is entirelj too small for the purpose, and should be reconverted into a magazine, and a new guard- house built. The public stables are of brick, and substantially built, consisting of a center build- ing 35 by 150 feet, containing farrier's and saddle room, eight grain bins, boilers for water, &C, and DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 125 two wings joined at right angles, containing stable room for one hundred horses, well ventilated by numerous windows and ventilators, and supplied with water by water-plug and hydrants convenient. The stables, however, are far from being perfect, in consequence of the miserable clay floor, which should be replaced at once by the Nicholson or some other substantial pavement of that style. The matter was brought to the attention of the Department in October, 1868, by Inspector General Hartsuff, but no action has ever been taken. Authority has been requested to purchase materials' necessary and have the Nicholson pavement laid at once. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's stores (except fuel, forage, and straw) are received from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by rail, via Pennsylvania Central and Cumberland Valley Rail- ways, and subsistence stores from Baltimore, via Northern Central and Cumberland Valley Rail- ways. Two months' supply of subsistence stores usually kept on hand in summer, and four months in winter. FUEL, FORAGE, and water. — Fuel and forage are supplied to the post by contracts, renewed yearly, and a plentiful supply of water for every purpose is supplied at a very reasonable rate, by the Carlisle Gas and Water Company. Since the retorts of this company are so near, it is recom- mended that gas-pipes be laid, so that gas may be used" at this post. This could be doneat a reason able and small expense. Communication. — Communication between Carlisle and Carlisle Barracks, wagons and carts. RESERVATION. — The extent of reservation is !".» acres 134 perches of land, declared by the President. Description of country, &C. — The surface of the country in the Cumberland Valley is un- dulating. The soil is uniformly and highly productive, and much improved, covering a stratum of limestone on the east and slate-stone on wesf side of the valley. The timber, consisting chiefly of oak and hickory, is not very plentiful. The valley is supplied with water from two streams coming from the mountains, and springs are very numerous. Productions, com, oats, wheat, and potatoes. The climate is temperate ; the mean temperature in 1869 was 51° 09". FORT CASWELL, NORTH CAROLINA. (Established, unknown : an old brick fort, much out of repair.) INFORMATION GIVEN DECEMBER 4, 1870, BY CAPTAIN JOHN MENDENHALL, FOURTH ARTILLERY, COM- MANDING POST. Location. — Right bank of Cape Fear River, at the mouth of river, two miles south of Smith- ville. North Carolina, which is the nearest post-office. QUARTERS. — Inside the fort the brick walls of barracks are standing, all the wood-work having been burned out, it is believed, by the rebels when they evacuated the place after the fall of Fort Fisher, which is eight miles above, at the mouth of New Inlet. The building is about 100 by 40 feet; two stories. ' Outside the fort are two or three small frame shanties, one of which is used as quarters by the ordnance sergeant. Store-houses. — One of the shanties referred to is used as store-house. Hospital, guakd-house, &c. — None. Supply-depots, &c. — Supplies tor one ordnance sergeant are obtained from the post of Fort Johnson monthly. .Subsistence. — The ordnance sergeant draws Ins rations monthly. Fuel, forage, and water. — Water is obtained from a well inside the fort. Fuel is supplied from Fort Johnson. Communication. — A small boat is furnished the ordnance sergeant by the post quartermaster of Fort Johnson. Pesekvation. — The reservation consists of a peninsula, on the eastern extremity of which the fort stands; it extends down the beach for some two miles or more, and perhaps contains tour or live hundred acres. 126 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Description of country, &c. — Back of the fort, to the northwest, is a salt marsh two or three miles in extent; on the other three sides it is sandy for two or three hundred yards to the. water: perhaps, at the nearest point, it is not over one hundred yards to the shore. Climate, pro- ductions, &c, same as given for Fort Johnson. CHAMPLAIN ARSENAL, VERGENNES, VERMONT. (Established 1827.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 18, 1870, BY CAPTAIN E. D. ELLSWORTH, MILITARY STORE-KEEPER OF ORDNANCE, COMMANDING POST. Location. — In the city of Yergennes, county of Addison, State of Vermont, one-half mile from the post-office or center of the city, in a northwesterly direction therefrom, and on the bank of a river known as Otter Creek, eight miles from where it empties into Lake Champlain. The river is narrow, but deep enough to be navigable for canal and other boats not drawing over ten feet of water. QUARTERS. — Officers' quarters are intended for only one family, built of blue limestone and covered with slate, 80 by 30 feet; two stories high, with an addition of wood covered with slate, 40 by 30 feet; two stories high, the whole divided into twelve rooms, one of which is used lor the office. The buildings arc not very good, but are in good repair ; valued at $4,000. Men's quarters — one building of wood, one and one-half stories, 40 by 30 feet, three rooms; will accommodate twenty men ; building old and poor. Non-commissioned officers' quarters — one wooden building, 20 by 10 feet, one story high, six rooms, three on ground floor and three in attic ; old and poor. All quarters supplied with wood shed. The two buildings for men's quarters are valued at $075, with wood- sheds. Store-houses:. — Three; one of blue limestone, covered with slate, 80 by 80 feet, two stories, beside basement; valued at $8,000, and used for storing arms and accoutrements; one of blue limestone, covered with slate, one story, 40 by 10 feet, used for storing ammunition, and valued at $2,000; one of wood, one and one-half stories, 100 by 20 feet, in good repair; valued at $1,000; was built for storing gun-carriages; now not used. Hospital, guard-house, &C. — One smith-shop, wood, 20 by 14 feet, one story ; in poor repair ; used for storing coal ; valued at $50; one ice-house, of wood, 15 by 14 feet ; in good repair ; valued at $50: one barn, of wood, 38 by 28 feet: in good repair; used for stables and storing forage and straw; valued at $575. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster's depot is at Boston, Massachusetts, distant two hundred and twelve miles; communication by railroad over Rutland and Burlington, Chesire and Boston and Fitchburgh lines. The nearest subsistence-depot is at New York, two hundred and eighty-one miles distant; communication by railroad over Rutland and Burlington, Rutland and Washington, and Hudson River lines; in summer, by boat, through Otter Creek, Lake Champlain, Champlain Canal, and Hudson River. Subsistence. — For subsistence, requisition is usually made once in three months, and orders are received to purchase at or near the post; about two hundred rations at a time, and stored in officers' quarters. FUEL, FORAGE, AND water. — Fuel — coal — is usually purchased near the post in the month of September or < >ctober, sometimes in August — according to the state of market ; wood is purchased at the post, of the neighboring fanners; the same with forage, during the wilder months; water is plenty, but hard. COMMUNICATION. — Good wagon roads in every direction. Post is one mile from Vergennes Station, on Rutland and Burlington Railroad, connecting at Rutland with trains for south, east, and west. Water communication as above stated. Reservation. — The land, 28 acres, was purchased of Enoch O. Woodbridge, at $100 per acre. The War Departmant is trying to obtain authority to sell the post. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 127 Description of country, &o. — The country in the immediate vicinity is usually termed the Champlain Valley, lying between the Green Mountains <>n the east, and Lake Champlain and the Adirondack Mountains on the west. The surface of the land is considerably broken, with frequent ledges of blue limestone, and occasionally a sand-bank: but the soil is generallj clay: lias been heavily timbered, but is mostly cut off. There still remains some g 1 pine, hemlock, oak, walnut, and maple timber on the Green Mountains, twenty miles distant. There is plenty of spruce timber. Grass is as Rood as any in the country. This would be a good place lbr a purchasing agent of the Quartermaster's Department to purchase forage, especially hay. Water is generally plenty. Loca- tion is very healthful; temperature, severe in winter, ranging as low as 20° below zero : sometimes 30°. In summer the temperature often reaches 90°; today, June 18, 4 p. in., 80 degrees above, in the shade. FORT AT CLARK'S POINT, NEW BEDFORD, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established in 1859, and now in course of construction.) [NFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 21, 1870, BY WILLIAM DUFFEY, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IX CHARGE. Location. — Situated on a point of the main land known as ('lark's Point, in latitude -11° 35' 32" north, longitude 7() feet, containing two rooms, without lath or plaster, and now occupied as an ordnance store-room; in good condition. Hospital, guard-hucse, &C. — One hospital, two stories high, constructed of wood. 28 by 22 feet, containing one ward, dispensary, kitchen, and two small rooms ; unserviceable but repairable. One guardhouse, one and one-half stories high, constructed of wood, 30 by 18 feet unserviceable but repairable. One stable, two stories high, constructed of wood, .'!(> by i'l feet, capacity for six horses ; in good condition. There are also at this post (in charge of the Engineer Department) the fol- lowing buildings: One large dwelling house, one small dwelling-house, one large barn or stable, one small barn or stable, one carpenter-shop and one blacksmith-shop, all constructed of wood; also one stone house and one stone pier or wharf. Supply-depots. &C. — Boston and New York are the usual ami nearest supply-depots. Sup. plies can be obtained at any season of the year by the Boston and Providence, the Old Colony and Newport Railroad, and by water. Sltbsistence. — The post not being garrisoned there are no subsistence stores kept on hand. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel and forage can be obtained in the city of New Bedford. A bountiful supply of water is obtained from wells on the premises. Communication between post and nearest town is by land. Reservation. — Sixty acres of land, purchased by the Government. Description op COUNTRY, &C. — The surrounding country is low, well covered with timber, and well adapted to farming. Soil, good ; production, corn, oats, hay. vegetables, and fruit. Climate, good; health of locality, very good. 128 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT COLUMBUS, NEW YORK HARBOR. (Established 1809.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 2G, 1870, BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL THOMAS H. NEILL, LIEUTEN- ANT COLONEL UNITED STATES ARMY, COMMANDING TOST. Location. — Situated in New York Harbor, at the junction of North and East Rivers, in lati- tude 40° 42', and longitude 74° 00': one thousand and sixty-six southeast of New York City. The nearest post-office is that of New York City. Quarters. — < Jommanding officer's — outside of Fort Columbus ; brick buildings, 44 by 44 feet, two stories high, basement and attic, slate roof, with veranda in front and rear ; contains nine rooms and kitchen ; condition, good, except the roof, which is defective. Officers' quarters — out- side of Fort Columbus, and near commanding officer's quarters; two frame buildings, with shingle roofs, each building 30 by 44 feet, two stories, basement and attic; divided into two sets of quar- ters, each set containing five small rooms and kitchen ; condition, good. Officers' quarters — inside Fort Columbus — stone basement, brick walls, 150 by 22 feet, two stories, basement, and slate roof; divided into apartments capable of accommodating eight captains or twelve subalterns, with regu- lation allowance ; condition, good. Troops' quarters — three ranges of buildings inside of Fort Colum- bus — east, south and north sides — each range 150 by 22 feet, two stories and basement, slate roof, stone basement and brick walls, with verandas and iron railings in front; can accommodate from three hundred to four hundred men ; condition of these quarters is excellent. A building. 144 by 23 feet, in south battery, occupied by music boys, capable of accommodating about one hundred, stone basement, brick walls, slate roof, two stories and basement, with iron verandas in front. These quarters are in good condition. In addition to the quarters above enumerated there are always quartered in Castle Williams general prisoners and transient troops, (recruits generally.) Can accommodate about four hundred men ; is unfit for quarters by reason of dampness, more especially in midsummer. Within the circle of the castle yard is a rough wooden building, 00 by 30 feet, used as a mess-room and kitchen for recruits, &c. Laundresses' quarters — east side of the island; one frame building, stone foundation, gravel roof, one story and basement, 48 by 55 feet; divided into five apartments ; in fair condition. Laundresses' quarters — -near south battery ; one frame building, gravel roof, one story, 100 by 20 feet ; divided into ten apartments. This is an old structure, in bad condition. Depot band quarters — near south battery : a frame building, 50 by 20 feet, one story high, shingle roof, and basement; verandas in rear facing the river ; can quarter thirty men, and is in excellent condition. Two small frame building's, west side of south battery, occupied by laundresses, one 24 by 24 feet, the other 28 by 12 feet; shingle roof ; one set of quarters in each; are in a very dilapidated condition. Store-houses. — A brick building, stone foundation, two stories and cellar, slate roof, 35 b\ GO feet ; occupied by commissary and quartermaster stores; building in good condition. Frame building, on wooden wharf, one story, with shingle roof, 70 by 30 feet; occupied by quartermaster and commissary stores; condition, good. Two frame sheds, on east side of the island, one 42 by 10 feet, the other 40 by 10 feet ; shingle roofs; used as a store house for camp ami garrison equi- page and quartermaster stores; condition, fair. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Building, two stories and basement, brick walls, stone base meat, tin roof, 50 by 56 feet : used as hospital ; can accommodate between forty and fifty patients; condition, good. Frame building, one story high, gravel roof, built on three sides of a square, east and west side each L'O by Hi:; feet, north side 20 by 130 feet; with two wings on south side, each wing 20 by 23 feet ; used as hospital ; can accommodate aboul one hundred and twenty patients, and is in fair condition. Brick building, stone basement, one story high, in rear of hospital, tin roof, 100 by 20 leet ; used as quarters for matrons. Store houses and dead-house connected with hospital buildings; in a verj bad condition. Headquarters used as offices for commanding officer, adjutant, and recruiting officer ; stone basement, brick walls, two stories and attic, shingle roof, 10 by 33 feet, with one wing each on north and south side, each wing 11 by 7 feet. This building is DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. J 29 very old, decayed, and in bad condition. The basemeul building is occupied as a guard- room. Chapel, frame building, one story high, with slate roof, built in Gothic style, irregular; can accommodate from one hundred and fifty to two hundred persons, el is in excellent condition. Iioat-hou.se, a frame building built on piles, near wharf, !l' by ■ shingle roof, used as a receptacle for barges; condition, good. A small frame shed, 16 by 24 feet, shingle roof ; occupied for receptacle of fire-engine; condition, fair. Frame building, shingle roof, one story, 23 by 18 feel ; occupied as a printing-office : good. A brick building, one story high, shingle roof, 23 by 117 feet : used as library, billiard, and court-martial rooms: condition, I ilerable. Carpenter-shop, frame shedi 12 by 55 feet, shingle roof; old, rotten and decayed. Paint-shop, frame shed, 27 by 1l' feet, shingle roof ; tolerable condition. Blacksmith-shop, frame shed, 12 by 18 feet, shingle roof ; decayed and rotten. A frame building, one and one-half stories high, 40 l>y 26 feet, with shed on each side. 22 by 18 feet, shingle roofs ; used as stables. This building is in very good condition. Supply-depots!, &C. — The quartermaster and subsistence supply-depots are in .New York Citj , about ten miles from this station. The route is up the North Niver to Pier 43, where all stores are received and delivered at all seasons of the year, by a steamer in the of the Quartermaster's Department at New York City. Subsistence. — Subsistence is received on requisition from nmissary at New York City,and can he procured at almost any time and in all seasons. There is generally kept on hand from ten to forty thousand rations. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel is received, en yearly estimates, from tin- chief quarter master of the department at New York City, and the yearly consumption is generally delivered on or before the 1st of November in each year. Forage is obtained on a similar estimate and through the same channel, but is only delivered in such quantities as may 1 to time required, there being not sufficient storage for the yearly supply al Die- time. Water is obtained at the post from springs and cisterns, and is sufficient to suppl y the wants of tin *p1 in warm and dry weather, when Croton water is supplied from the city of New York, on requisition on the chief quartermaster. The Croton water is pumped into the cisterns at the depot from the water-tanks of the steamer in the service of the Quartermaster's Department. Communication. — A steamboat, employed by the Quartermaster's Depa at New York City, makes two or three tfips daily between this depot and New York, for I i portation of passengers and freight, and, in addition to this, a barge, capable of taking tweuty-five persons, runs four times dailv to the city. FORT CONSTITUTION, NEW CASTLE, NEW HAMPSHIRE. (Established 180 INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE •.'.', 1870, BY JAMES DAVIDSON, ORDNANCE si.. UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE. Established in the year 1808, and garrisoned by United Stales troops; but as earlj as the year 1800 the post was occupied by troops. The post then consisted of an earthwork, built by the English government, and named William and Alary. A new work was commenced in 1863, having its foundation outside, the old one. After progressing a little the work was stopped, and has not been renewed. The old work has been partly pulled down by the United Stales engineers. Location. — At the mouth of the Piscataqua River, 1 mi It upon a rocky ledge, about three hundred yards from the center of the main channel of the river, on a narrow strip of land of oblong form, being the eastern point of Great Island. The village t>t' Newcastle lies in a westerly direction from the post. The post-office is at present located about a quarter of a mile from the pi QUARTERS. — Officers', No. 1, is a one and one-half story house, containing one kitchen and three rooms on the first floor, and three rooms on the second, :!7 by 24 feet, built of wood: very old, but in fair condition. Officers', No. 2, is a one and one-half story L two kitchens and 17 130 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. two rooms on the first floor, and three on the second, built of wood; very old, requiring repairs. Men's quarters, Xo. 1, built of wood of poor material, is 3-story high, sit by HO feet; has kitchen attached; wants repairs; it will room about eighty men. lien's quarters. No. 2, built of wood, very old, is one story, 40 by 20 feet, contains two rooms and kitchen ; formerly occupied as hospital ; requires repairs. Men's quarters, No. •'!, built of wood, very old, is 70 by 20 feet: not worthy of repairs. Men's quarters, No. 4, built of wood, very old, is :;:! by 20 feet: requiring repairs. Men's quarters, Xo. 5, built of wood, one story, is 35 by 15 feet, containing- three rooms; in fail' order. STORE-HorsKS. — Xo. 1, a strong wooden building, two stories high, is 1! by 25 i'eet. With ex- ception of the cellar this building is in good condition, and has always been used as quartermaster's and commissary store when the posl was garrisoned with troops. Xo. 2 is a strong, wooden build- ing, one story high, is 56 by 25 feet, and was built for a guard-house, and now occupied as ordnance store and gun-house. This building is in poor repair. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital — a woodeu building of poor material, and slimly put together; is one story high, 89 by 24 feet; has a kitchen attached, .">.j by 17 feet. This building requires repairs, plastering having fallen. Guard house — a wooden building, one story high, .'18 by IS feet ; contains two rooms, and is very much out of repair. Bake-house — a wooden building, one- story high, contains one room, IS by IS i'eet; has a good oven, and is in fair repair. Stable — a wooden building, with stalls for four horses, and loft will contain about three tons of hay. This building requires shingling. Blacksmith's shop — wooden building, one story high, 49 by 20 feet. This building is very old, but repairable. Magazine Xo. 1 — small building, built of brick; when closely packed contains one hundred barrels of powder. Magazine Xo. 2 — small, built of brick; will contain fifty barrels of powder. The buildings above described are ail located outside the fort. Supply-depots, &C.— The nearest quartermaster's depot is Boston, Massachusetts; the dis- tance is sixty miles. Supplies are forwarded by rail to Portsmouth City, and from there carted to the post, a distance of four miles. Subsistence. — Commutation of rations from Fort Preble, Maine. Fuel, forage, and water can be obtained in abundance from the surrounding country. Communication. — Newcastle is the nearest town. Communication, by land or water. Reservation. — About six acres. Description of country, &c. — The soil is very productive; the post and island are ex- tremely healthy, both in summer and winter. Good water is obtained from wells dug to the depth of 12 to 20 feet ; the post has two such wells. DAVID'S ISLAND, NEW YORK HARBOR. (Established 1861.) INFORMATION GIVEN FEBRUARY 11. 1-71, BY COLONEL J. V. BOMFORD, EIGHTH INFANTRY, COMMAND- ING POST. Established. — Post was established (as far as can be learned) in 1861. In 1864 the island was purchased by the Government. In 1869 it was made a sub-depot for reception of recruits. Location. — David's Island is located in New York Harbor, twenty-seven miles distant from the battery, and about one and one-hall' miles southwest from Xew Rochelle, New York. Nearest post-office, Pelham, New York, one and one-half miles distant. Quarters. — The officers' quarters consist of one two-story frame building, 46 by 26 feet, known as the hotel building, containing eight rooms, with addition for kitchen, servants' quarters, &c; leaky, and in bad repair. Four one-Story frame cottages, 11 ' by 21.] feel, containing each four or five rooms ; in tolerablj good condition. < >ne long, one storj frame barrack building, 250 by 2-1 A feel : recently lilted up. and divided into apartments for three captains and nine lieutenants, with small additions in the rear of each suite for kitchens; roof covered with felt, cement, and gravel- roofing, (as also are the roofs of all the buildings on the island:) building in tolerably good order. One similar building, divided in like in; r into twelve sets of quarters, for three captains and DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 131 nine subalterns, but without the kitchens; recently fitted up aud in tolerably good repair. Two similar buildings, not occupied. Officers' mess building, 17(!A by I'l.l feet; formerly kitchens for the vacant barracks. The men's quarters consist of eight one-story frame buildings, 200 l>y 24.1 feet, and four mess-rooms, 127 by 24J feet; felt and -ravel roofing, with ventilators; leaky, and in bad repair. Four buildings, 140 by 32| feet, 52 by 20 feet, 81 by 22^ feet, 30J by 1SJ feet ; occupied by laundresses; temporarily divided up, aud in poor condition. Hand's quarters in barracks, 91 by 33 feet, formerly hospital store-house; in bad repair. All the buildings on the island are of a tem- porary character, having been erected for hospital purposes during the war. They are much de- cayed, and all the men's and laundresses' quarters leak during heavy storms. Store-houses. — One commissary store-house, one-story frame, 81 by 35 feet, covered with felt and gravel roofing. One quartermaster store-house, one-story frame, lit by 2D, feet, with like roofing. Both these buildings are in fair condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Post hospital consists of two connected one-story pavilions, 100 by .". 1 feel each; in good order. One guard-house, 61 by 24£ feet, frame; in poor condition. One two-story frame building, 86 by 13 feet, on ground floor, occupied as post headquarters; in poor condition. One small frame building, used as carpenter's shop; old, and in poor condition. Bakery — one frame building, 55 by 50 feet : old and decayed. < >ne frame church building, at present occupied as school-house. Co! l>\ 28J ; in fair condition. One frame stable, 72 by 38 feet, with stalls for twelve animals, and storage for hay and straw; old, aud in poor condition. Steamboat wharf, with boat- house, in very poor condition ; timbers decaying and settling down. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster and commissary stores are received by the Government steamer from New York, which makes semi-weekly trips to the island. Subsistence. — Thirty days' supply of subsistence stores is kept on hand.' Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel and forage are obtained from the quartermaster's depot at New York City. Good water is obtained on the island by means of wells for drinking water, and cisterns for rain water, all of which are more or less out of repair. Communication. — Communication between the island and the main land is kept up by means of barges, with detailed crews, running several times daily to the wharf, near the villages of New Rochelle and Pelham, about one and one-half miles distant ; also by public steamer with New York t'itv, -which visits the island twice a week. Pesekvation. — The island is owned by the United States. Description of country, &c. — The island has an area of s i acres; is said to be twenty-three miles from the city of New York; somewhat rocky, and supplied with cistern and well water; also from a pond of spring-water. FORT DELAWARE, DELAWARE. (Established 1814.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 22, 1870, BY BREVET COLONEL A. M. RANDOL, CAPTAIN FIRST UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Established.— Ceded, in 1813, by State of Delaware to the United States. First work com- menced in 1814, and burned down in 1831. In December. 1838, the island was claimed by a citizen of New Jersey, and the work on new fort suspended. In 1848 the United States title was confirmed, aud in May, 1849, the foundations of the present work were commenced. Location. — On Pea Patch Island, in the Delaware River. The island is one aud one-eighth miles distant from the Delaware shore, one mile from the New Jersey shore, aud forty-two miles below the city of Philadelphia. Its latitude and longitude, tit the triangulation point of tin' Coast Survey, are respectively .'!!)- 35' IS" north, and 75° 24' 34" west from Greenwich. Delaware City is the nearest post-office station, and is about west southwest from the post. QUARTERS.— Two officers' quarters, of brick, each 95 by 7 inches wide, and 12 feet li inches high; flour-room, (subsistence,) 20 teet ii inches long, 12 feet six inches wide, and 12 feet 6 inches high. Second floor, coffee, &c, room— dry— (subsistence,) 30 feet G inches long. 14 feet wide, and 12 feet 9 inches high; clothing, camp and garrison equipage room. 27 feet <> inches long. 13 feet 8 inches wide, and 12 feet !) inches high; quartermaster's store room, 21 feet long, Hi feet wide, and 12 feet 9 inches high ; spare quartermaster's store-roi i demned stores,) 24 feet 6 inches long. 16 feet wide, ami 12 feet !> inches high. < me carpenters' -hop,, (engineer's building.) built of wood, and two stories iu height, tin' second story used by Quartermaster's Department. Blacksmith's shop, (engineers',) one story high, and built of brick; used by Quartermaster's Department. Hospital, guard-house, &0. — The hospital consists of a central building, having a front of :i:; feet, and two wings, each 73 feci long. The first floor consists of two wards, one in each wing, about 25 by inches by !•! ir-A by 12 feet '.» inches; four prison rooms, as follows: 13 by S feet 6 inches by 12 fee- 9 inches; 19 feet 9 inches by 10 feet by 12 feet 9 inches ; 29 by 17 feet 9 inches by 12 feet !i inches; 24 feet (', inches by 1 1 fee! '.! inches by 12 feet 6 inches. Two cells, each 6 feet t' inches by 5 feel 11 inches by 10 feet— situated al sally-port, and built of stone and brick. Stables— oue stable, built of wood, IS by 1 I by 28 feet, eight stalls, each 9A by.", feet. Dimensions of granary, harness, and saddle rooms, 12 by 8 by 10 feet : amount of room for hay, straw, &c., 9,000 cubic feet. Chapel, built of wood, stands near the fort; dimensions, 56 by 26 feet (1 inches by 35 feet. A school- house, post trader's Store, and two ice houses, built in the ground. There is also a dock and three wharves, two of stone and oue wood. Supply depots, &c— Quartermaster's stores, on quarterly requisitions, supplied by chief quartermaster of third quartermaster's districl a! Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Clothing, camp and garrison equipage from Schuylkill arsenal. Philadelphia. Subsistence stores, on quarterly and special requisitions, by chi uissary of subsistence, Department of the Bast, New York City via Philadelphia. SUBSISTENCE.— Usually a supply of three months on hand, and in the winter season of six months, of all articles of the established ration, and such stores as may be specially required for sales to officers. FUEL, FORAGE, AND WATER. — Aboul a year's supply of wood and coal on hand. Coal delivered DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 13o under contracts made by the chief quartermaster, third quartermaster's district. Wood purchased by post quartermaster, under authority received through the same officer. Forage and straw de- livered under contracts made by chief quartermaster, third quartermaster's district. Water, twenty- two cisterns, supplied from terre-plairj of fort; aggregate capacity, 543,710{j gallons. Twelve iron tanks, each 12 1>.\ 8 by 4, supplied from roof of officers' quarters and barracks. This water is used in privies and wash sinks. Communication by barge to Delaware City; thence by steamboal to Philadelphia, or by stage to Saint George's station on Delaware Railroad; thence by rail to Wilmington, Delaware. Reservation. — The reservation lias so acres: its average level, •"> feet i inches, and highesl point, 9 feet 8 inches above mean low water. Average range of tide, <> feet G inches. The island is surrounded by a levee, protected from the river, and is drained by net-work ditches. There is also a farm of about 80 acres on tin- New Jersey shore, opposite the post, and owned by the I "nit ed States. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is mainly meadow land. The soil, a rich loam mixed with sand, very fertile, producing an abundance of corn, wheat, rye. oats, vege- tables, and fruits of every variety. Timber scarce and of a poor quality. Crass and water in abundance. Climate salubrious and healthy — rather moist at times; cold in winter and hot in summer. FORT ON DUTCH ISLAND, NARRAGANSETT BAY, RHODE ISLAND. (Established 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 14, 1870, BY BREVET MAJOK GENERAL HENRY .1. HUNT, COLONEL FIFTH UNITED STATICS ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. ESTABLISHED. — The island was purchased lor defensive purposes in July, 1SG3, and was garri- soned iu 18G3 and 1SG4, by Rhode Island volunteer troops. LOCATION. — Western entrance, between Canonicut Island and main western shore of the bay. It is distant four and one half miles west from Newport, and twenty six miles south from Providence. Nearest post-office, Jamestown, Rhode Island. QUARTERS. — There are no officers' quarters, 'fen temporary cantonment buildings, built for the volunteers, were turned over to the engineers by the Quartermaster's Department in 18G7 ; now- occupied by the engineers as stables and store-houses. There are four other buildings, wooden. built by the engineers for quarters ami me west of Greenwich; south of Washington, District of Columbia, ten miles, cast about 15°; south of Alexandria, Virginia, two miles, east about 30°. Alexandria, Virginia, is the nearest post-office; obtain mail from Fort Washington, Maryland, south four miles. Quarters. — Condition of officers' quarters, very good ; capacity, lour sets ; material built of, wood, placed partially on brick walls, partially on brick piers, plastered throughout, but not suf- ficiently heavy. Condition of men's quarters, very good; capacity, one company; material built of, wood, placed on brick piers, plastered throughout except ceiling of dormitories. Store-houses. — One storehouse ; dimensions, 110 by 24 by 10 feet; condition, very good ; capacity for one company post ; material built of, wood, placed on brick walls, used as follows: one room for quartermaster's property, 24 by 23 by 10 feet; one room for clothing, camp and gar- rison equipage, 23 by 15 by by 10 feet ; one room for subsistence stores, 10 by 23 by 10 feet ; one room for sales to officers, 14 by 11 by Id feet ; one room for office, 23 by 1 1 by 10 feet; one room for sergeant in charge, 11 by 11 by 10 feet. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital — condition, very g I ; capacity to care for sick of one company ; material built of, wood, placed on brick piers, plastered throughout except ceiling of ward. Guard-house — none on post ; use a bomb-proof as such. Stables — condition, good ; capacity, eight stalls and storage-room for hay and oats for one year, straw being stored in counterscarp gallery of the fort; material built of, wood. Ordnance sergeant's quarters — condition, very good : capacity, two rooms, 15 by 15 by 8.10 feet ; material built of, wood, placed on brick piers. Com- manding officer's and adjutant's offices — condition, very good ; capacity, two rooms, 15 by 15 by 8 by 10 feet ; material built of, wood, placed on brick piers. Carpenter and blacksmith shops — con- dition, fair; material built of, wood. Laundresses' quarters — condition, very good ; capacity, five sets; material built of, wood, placed on brick piers. Bake-house — condition, very good; material built of, wood ; capacity of oven, about four hundred rations. Boat-house — condition, good; capa- city, two boats; material built of, wood. Supply-depots, &c. — Nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots, Washington, District of Columbia; route of supply, by Potomac River. Season of supply, at all times. SUBSISTENCE. — Amount of subsistence usually kept on hand: during the summer, three months ; winter, six months' supply. Fuel, forage, AND AVATER. — Fuel and forage are supplied for one year at a time. Water — one cistern at officers' quarters, one at men's quarters, one at hospital, and a good spring near sta- ble, bat easily exhausted ; excellent well water ; only method of raising it, rope, pulley, and buckets; spring near river bank excellent, but impossible to get at it. COMMUNICATION. — One small steamboat at !> a. in. daily, during the summer season, to Alex andria, Virginia, returning about 4 p. m. One steamboat from Washington, District of Columbia, to Mount Vernon and return, daily, arriving 11 a. in., and return 3.30 p. in. Reservation. — About 55 acres, owned by private individuals; Government authorities making efforts at present to purchase. Description of country, &C— Land, fine and rolling, divided into a number of valleys, where water, grass, &c., can be found. Small quantities of hay made. Wood, sand, gravel, clay, and stone found in abundance. Generally healthy. Road, only medium. Country building up rapidly. Fuel and forage obtained by contract from the surrounding count ry. Water obtained at the post from cisterns, well, spring and river — sufficient in quantity for general use, but not in case of tires. delivered by a cart. Average temperature, 55 56'. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 135 FRANKFORD A.RSENAL, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. (Established by purchase of site in 1816. Enlarged by purchase of adjacent grourd and buildings in 1837 and 1850.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 6, 1870, BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL T. J. TREADWELL, MAJOR OF ORDNANCE, COMMANDING ARSENAL. Location.— The arsenal is located in the Twenty-third ward of the city of Philadelphia, at the (■(influence of the Frankford Creek and Delaware River, having a front on each. Quarters. — Consist of three two-story brick houses, withcapacity for four officers in all. The barracks are a two-story brick building', capable of accommodating one hundred single men, ami two buildings occupied by twelve enlisted men with families, Store-houses. — There are eight principal store-houses, of stone and brick, and twelve frame laboratories used as storehouses — all in good condition, and containing small-arms, ammu- nition, ordnance, &c. ; also a magazine with capacity for 1,000 barrels of powder. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — The building used as a hospital has four beds, a dispensary, and quarters for matron. There are two stables, one brick, the other frame, having a joint capa- city for ten horses, with hay-loft, cart-shed, &c. There is one guard-house, of brick, at the main gate, containing, in addition to a guard-room, four cells for prisoners, all well lighted and aired. SUPPLY-DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster's depot is the Schuylkill arsenal, in the southwestern part of Philadelphia, The nearest commissary depot is at Headquarters Department of the East, in New York City. Subsistence. — Requisitions are made quarterly on the Commissary General by the assistant commissary of subsistence of the post. Fuel, FORAGE, AND water. — Forage, in abundance, can be procured from neighboring farms: mil the proximity of the largest coal-shipping depot in Pennsylvania renders (lie supply of fuel easy in either large or small quantities. Communication.— With the city is effected by trains on the Philadelphia, and Trenton Rail- road, and the city passenger railways via Richmond and Frankford. ReservatkiX. — Jurisdiction over the site of the arsenal has been ceded to the United States by the State of Pennsylvania. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C. — The country is of primitive formation, consisting of diluvial soil in the higher parts, and alluvial soil on the borders of the water-courses. It is level, and highly- productive in all varieties of indigenous vegetation ; it is well wooded in parts, and yields water of good quality 12 or 15 feet below the surface. NOTE. The post next in order in the Department of the East is Fort Gorges, Portland, Maine. As extensive modifications are about to be commenced in these works, a description of their present condition is deemed unnecessary. FORT GRISWOLD, NEW LONDON HARBOR, CONNECTICUT. (Established originally in 1777. Subsequently to the war of ISlL' the original work was abandoned, and in 1S42 the new fort, or rather battery, was established below the old work.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNK, 29, 1870, BY BREVET COLONEL F. L. GUENTHER, CAPTAIN, FIFTH UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location.— The fort is situated on the east bank of the Thames River, on the heights over- looking the harbor of New London, three-fourths of a mile directly east of the city of New London, 136 DESCRIPTIONS OF .MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. and one-eighth of a mile south of the town of Groton, Connecticut. Nearest post-office, Groton. Connecticut. Quarters. — There are no quarters for officers or enlisted men, other than the house provided for tin.' ordnance sergeant, which is of wood, 12 by 24, and contains but two rooms. It is in good condition. Store-houses. — There is but one store-house, 32.6 by 73, containing but one room ; is built of wood — in good condition, and used solely for storing ordnance stores. This, and the ordnance ser- geant's house, comprise all the public buildings at the post. Supply-depots, &c. — New York City. Route of supply. New York and New London steamers, through Long Island Sound, during entire year. Subsistence. — The post not being garrisoned, none is kept on hand. I'Vel, FORAGE, and "water. — Fuel is furnished the ordnance sergeant from Fort Trumbull ; no forage is needed. Water obtained from pump. Communication. — Means of conrmunication between fort and the town of Groton is by wagon- road. Reservation. — Fourteen acres. Description of country, &c. — Same as given fur Fort Trumbull. FORT HALE, NEW HAVEN HARBOR, CONNECTICUT. (Established, it is understood, during the war of the Revolution — a small round tower being the only defense. The present fort, an earthwork, was begun in 1863 and finished in 1866.) INFORMATION GrVEN JUNE 29, 1870, BY BREVET COLONEL F. L. GUENTHER, ( A.PTAIN, FIFTH UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — The fort is located on the east side of the harbor of New Haven, and about two and three-quarter miles south by east of the city. The nearest post-office is New Haven, Connec- ticut. QUARTERS. — One brick building intended for officers' quarters, 50 by 18, two stories, and con- taining five rooms, in good order. One wooden building, barracks for enlisted men, 24 by 240, in good order. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &C— There is neither hospital nor guard-house. The other build- ings at the post consist of one wash-house to barracks, wood, 14 by 26, in good condition ; one kitchen for barracks, wood, 18 by 22, in good order; one barn, of wood, 28 by 50, in goodcoudition; one carpenter-shop, of wood, 20 by 24, in good condition; one blacksmith-shop, 20 by 20, also of wood, and in good order. Sipply-depots, &C. — New York City. Route of supply, New York and New Haven steamers and Shore Line Railroad. Subsistence. — None on hand, the post not being garrisoned. Fuel, forage, and WATER. — Fuel and forage not needed. Water obtained from well. COMMUNICATION. — Means of communication between fort and city of New Haven, is by wagon road. RESERVATION. — The land originally belonging to the United States at this post was one half of an acre. The Government, through the Engineer Department, is about effecting the purchase of the land now occupied by the United States, amounting to twenty two and one-thirtieth acres. The total will then be twenty-two and sixteen-thirtieth acres. Description of country, &c. — Fort Hale commands the water approach to the city of New Haven, a thriving and wealthy place. The country in the immediate neighborhood is hilly, the soil fertile and well timbered and watered. The farming lands yield abundant harvests that find ready markets. Manufacturing establishments abound throughout the surrounding country. The forests furnish large quantities of oak and chestnut timber. The climate is salubrious ; the locality healthy; the average temperature unknown, as no record is kepi nt the post, but probably does not vary much from 45° for the entire year. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 137 FORT HAMILTON, NEW YORK HARBOR. (Established. — There is no record as to when this post was established — it was turned over for occupation by troops in 1831.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL I. VOGDES, COLONEL FIRST UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, JULY, 1870, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — On the west side of Long Island, two and a half miles from the county town of New Utrecht, and adjoining the village of Hamilton. There is a post-office in this village, about one-quarter of a mile from the post. Quarters. — These consist of two buildings for held officers, containing four rooms, 20 by 18, and one building containing two sets of quarters for captains, consisting of two rooms, 20 by 18, and two small kitchens each. These buildings are of wood, and in good condition. Eleven case- mates in the fort, 44 by 1 f each, are also used as officers' quarters. Condition good. Fifteen ease mates are used as men's quarters, and one as an office for the post commander — all in good con- dition. There is a building beside for the non-commissioned staff of a regiment and post, con- taining eight rooms, IS by 12, and one for laundresses, of fourteen rooms, 10 by 12; both built of wood, and in good condition. Stoee-housks. — Thcve are two stoic houses at the post, both built of wood. One, 00 by 25, is used for quartermaster stores, and the other. 30 by 2."".. for subsistence stores. Both buildings are old and weak, and need repairs. Thirteen casemates are also used as store rooms, ten (not floored) for ordnance, and three for the batteries. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — The hospital is built of wood, and accommodates fifty patients. The plan of it is excellent, but the material of which it is built is of the poorest kind. The flank casemates are used for guard and prison houses. Prison room is strong and secure, but damp and uncomfortable at a certain season of the year. Stable is of wood; contains fourteen stalls, and has loft with capacity for a three months' supply of forage.' Condition fair. There is also a blacksmith's shop, 30 by 14J, and a carpenter-shop, 32 by 25, both built of wood, and in fair condition. Supply-depo is, &C. — New York and Philadelphia are the nearest supply-depots. The route is by water from New York City. Autumn is the principal season of supply, before the close of navigation, articles being procured as needed during spring and summer. Subsistence. — The nearest subsistence depot is at New York City; but small quantities of subsistence stores are kept on hand — only enough to supply the wants of the troops. Fuel, FORAGE, and water. — Fuel and forage are procured from contractors. Water is obtained from cisterns and wells belonging to the post. Communication. — With Brooklyn by horse-cars. Reservation. — The Government reservation is tt'.i acres in extent. Description of country, &c — The surrounding country is thickly settled; land undulat- ing; thickly wooded ; plenty of grass and water. Soil is very productive; all the cereals and vegetables raised in abundance. FORT INDEPENDENCE, BOSTON HARBOR, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established. — AYas first made a military post in colonial times, in 1631, and called "the Castle." The island on which it is situated was called Castle Island. In 1798 the island was ceded by Massachusetts to the United States. In 1799 it was established as a post. In 1801 a fort was commenced, and completed in 1805. In 1833 the present fort was commenced, and completed in 1851.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 28, 1870, BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM HAYS, MAJOR FIFTH UNITED STATES ARTILLERY. COMMANDING POST. Location. — The fort is on Castle Island in Boston Harbor, and in a southeast direction is two miles and three furlongs from India wharf, Boston ; from City Point. South Boston, it is distant 18 138 DESCEIPTIONS OF MILITAKT POSTS AND STATIONS. 900 yards, and from Fort Winthrop,- Governor's Island — from which it is separated by the main channel — 7<>0 yards. The surface will measure perhaps twelve acres at high water. The dimen- sions of the island on north, east, and west sides are known to have decreased prior to the election of the sea-walls. The southern extremity of the island, a level plain, but a tew feet above high- water mark, is doubtless a gift from the sea. Nearest post-office is Boston, Massachusetts. Quarters. — The officers' quarters consist of three almost similar double houses, and one iso- lated set of quarters west of the southwest bastion of the fort. The isolated quarters are but one story high ; they have seven rooms on the low er floor and a basement ; they are occupied by the com- manding officer. The other quarters are each one story and a half high — three rooms on the lower floor and two low attic rooms on the upper. These quarters each have a range in the kitchen and grates for coal iu the other lower rooms. They are all supplied from a tank filled by a forcing- pump from a general well. The rooms in the set of quarters are but 15 feet square. The material used in the above quarters is wood, except that in the commanding officer's quarters, which is brick. The men's quarters are in the casemates on the channel side of the fort. These are about the same size, averaging 21 feet long, 17 broad, and 11 feet high. Six casemates are thus occupied. The laundresses' quarters, officers', ordnance, quartermaster, and commissary store-rooms are in the other casemates of the fort. The casemates are extremely damp as compared with those of other forts, and are productive, in the opinion of the post surgeon, of pulmonary complaints. Store-houses. — The store-houses are, as before remarked, in the casemates of the fort. Exclusive of magazines three casemates are used for ordnance, tour for quartermaster and three for commissary purposes. They are of the same general size as those occupied by the men. Outside of the fort near the eastern sea-wall stands a long one-story building, originally erected as a quar- termaster's store-house, but until recently occupied by troops. It is now in a state of dilapidation. Close by, and at right angles to the last building, stands another of equal size in an equal state of dilapidation. Until the last September sale this was used for troops as quarters, but is now falling to pieces. There are likewise, and adjacent to the last named, two small wooden buildings, one 40 by 23 feet, the other 25 by 2.'! feet, both of one story, used for the storage of fuel and forage by the quartermaster; they are out of repair. All of the above buildings are of wood. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — On the extreme southern point of the island is the hospital, of brick, fronting north. It consists of two wings or wards, each 45 feet long, 25J feet broad, and one story high, connected by a central or main building two stories high and 36 feet square. Hack of the main building is a kitchen 21 feet long, 12 feet broad, and one story high. The roof is of slate. Owing to some misconstruction the inner walls are continually wet and the whitewash dis- colored. The ridge plan of ventilation is adopted. Each ward proper, exclusive of the rooms at the end partitioned off for nurses and bath-rooms, is .">:! feet long, 21 feet broad, and 14 feet high. They are each calculated for twelve patients, which if full would allow 66 superficial feet of space and 924 cubic feet of air per man. The wards and dining room are heated by coal stoves. The water is supplied from a tank which collects rain-wafer. The guard-house is in the northwest bastion of the fort. A small wooden building near the north wharf, about 20 feet long by 20 feet broad, was formerly used as a guard house : at present it is not used for any purpose. Beside the above buildings a small wooden building, one storj high, 32 feet long by 26 broad, is used as a sutlers store ; it is near the eastern sea-wall, and to the nortbeast of the hospital some 80 yards. The stable is a wooden building one story and a half high, north of and adjacent to the sutler's store. 21 feet long by 20 feet broad. Beside these are two small buildings, one story high, IS feet long, and about 12 feet broad, used respectively as a carpenter- shop and blacksmith-shop. SUPPLY DEPOTS, &C. — All articles of supply are obtained from the depots at New York City, except sometimes articles of subsistence which are purchased in Boston. SUBSISTENCE. — The supply from depot is quarterly, and received by water and rail from New York City. The amount usually kept on hand is the amount required lor issue during the quarter. A six months' supply of such articles as salt beef and hard bread is always kept on band. FUEL, FORAGE, AND WATER. — The fuel consists of wooil and coal. The coal on hand was last year transferred from Fort Warren, Boston Harbor, from that in store there. It is of inferior quality. The forage is furnished quarterly. The water for the garrison is furnished by six wells DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. \?>{) and lour cisterns. In some of the wells the water is impregnated with chloride of sodium and the alkaline carbonates. In two of the wells the wafer is very good and not unpalatable. The above impurities are considered as having a beneficial influence on health. The wells become nearly dry in summer, and it would be well if cisterns were constructed at the officers' quarters. Communication. — The communication is with Boston, nine hundred yards to City Point, a suburb of Boston, ami two miles three furlongs to the city proper; in both eases by row-boats; though in the winter months the engineer's steam-tug stopped here en route to Fort Warren, and again to Boston, thrice weekly. There is a sail-boat, (unseaworthy and not used,) about four tons, a barge, a yawl, and a flat-bottomed boat al the post. RESERVATION. — In 1798 an act passed the senate and assembly of .Massachusetts, ceding the post and island to the United States. This was accepted in the same year by the General Govern- ment. It is not known if any reservation has been declared by the President. DESCRIPTION OP COUNTRY, &C. — The soil on the island is poor, yet affords fair crops of pota- toes, cabbages, and hardy vegetables. There are but lew trees, and these generally elms and horse- chestnuts. The severe Minds, owing to the exposed condition of the island, are prejudicial to all growths. Crass grows well, and gives support to several cows. The climate is cool, moist, and variable. Easterly winds prevail during spring months, and southwest winds in the summer and autumn. The mean annual temperature is IS- Fahrenheit ; mean summer, llii ; mean winter, 27°; average rain-fall annually, 41 inches. The prevailing diseases are pulmonary in character. FORT JOHNSON, NORTH CAROLINA. (Established. — Reservation ceded to the United States January 1, L800.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 26, 1870, BY BREVET COLONEL JOHN MENDENHALL, CAPTAIN FOURTH ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — Located in the town of Smithville, near the mouth of Cape Fear River, about thirty miles south of Wilmington, North Carolina. Post-office near the reservation, in the town of Smithville. QUARTERS. — Officers' quarters in fair condition ; quarters for three officers, (rather limited.) built of brick ; two up-stairs rooms. Men's quarters in bad condition, 100 by 1>(U, feet ; 11' feet ceil- ing, (a single room;) piazza 10 feet wide on south front; one-story mess room and kitchen detached; building .">(> by l'OJ, feet — about one-fourth cut off for kitchen. Store-houses. — One old concrete block-house, near center of the garrison, 24 feet square, used for quartermaster and commissary stores : one store-house (frame) on wharf; two rooms used as quartermaster and commissary offices, each 10 by 14; one room used as company store-room, 15 by 28; one room for clothing', camp and garrison equipage, 19 by 28; one commissary store- room, 19 by 28, and one quartermaster store-room, 25 by 28 feet. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital (frame) unfinished; two rooms, 10 by 13; one room, 26 by 10, 11 feel ceiling; two rooms, kitchen and dining-room, 12 by 12 and 12 by 14; hall and stairway. Guard-house, old log building, 15 by •'!(>. with shed room attached for prison-room; insecure. Stable, frame building, 25 by 36 : four stalls. SuppLY-pEroxs, &c. — Quartermaster's stores supplied from Philadelphia and New York, per steamer to Wilmington, except lumber and the like, which is obtained from Wilmington, North Carolina. Subsistence stores supplied from New York, per steamer to Wilmington. SUBSISTENCE. — Supplies from Wilmington are brought on a sailing-vessel, which makes two or three trips a week. l'l EL, FORAGE, AND WATER. — Water is supplied principally from wells. Fuel and forage are supplied by contract. Fair oak wood is supplied from the country: forage from New York. 140 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Reservation. — The reservation is in about the center of the town of Smithville, has a front- age on the Cape Fear River of about 500 feet, and contains five or six acres to low-water mark. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is very flat and sandy. Soil gen- erally thin; some fertile spots on the low grounds. Productions principally sweet potatoes, corn, ground-peas, &c. Melons abound. Rice plantations in the vicinity are not much cultivated, for the want of capital and labor. Timber, principally pine — yellow and pitch : oak is scarce, except small scrubby trees, which abound; there are some fine live oaks in the town. Crass, little or none, except marsh-grass. Climate salubrious ; said to be some ten degrees cooler, as a rule, than Wilmington, thirty miles above. No record has been kept of the temperature till very recently. The locality is considered remarkably healthy. Before the war Smithville was a favorite summer resort for the planters in the country back from the coast and the Wilmington people. KENNEBEC ARSENAL, AUGUSTA, MAINE. (Established in 1828, by act of Congress approved March ■'!, 1827.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY :.. 1870, 1SY BREVET MAJOR JAMES M. WHITTEMORE, CAPTAIN OF iird- NANCE, COMMANDING ARSENAL. LOCATION. — East side of Kennebec River, in the city of Augusta, directly opposite the State eapitol, communicating with the business part of the city by a covered bridge about half a mile distant from the main entrance to the arsenal grounds. Portland and Kennebec Railroad depot about three fourths of a mile distant. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, Nos. I and 2, two stories high, built of granite, with slate roofs. Men's quarters, Nos. 1 and '2, two stories high, built of granite, with slate roofs. These buildings were constructed and are kept in repair by the Ordnance Department. Store-houses. — Arsenal building, three stories high, li'.") by 37 feet, built of granite, with slate roof. Two buildings, two stories, each 50 by .30 feet, built of granite, with slate roofs. One large and one small powder-magazine; shed for storage of fuel (wood) and cellar for coal, and one room and one cellar for subsistence stores. Hospital, guard house, &c — Hospital— a wooden building of one story, with ward-room of ten beds, dispensary, &c, attached. Guard room — part of office building at main entrance to public grounds. Supply-depots, &c. — None. Subsistence. — Purchased quarterly in open market, when approved by Subsistence Depart ment ; otherwise supplied by the commissary of subsistence. New York City. Fresh beef supplied from Augusta by semi annual contracts. FUEL, FORAGE, and water. — Fuel purchased in open market during the fall ami winter. when it is cheaper and more easily obtained. Forage for two private horses purchased monthly. All accounts of purchases are forwarded monthly to the district quartermaster at Boston, Massa- chusetts, for payment. Public horses at this post are accounted for and foraged by the Ordnance Department. Water abundant. < loMjyruNiCATioN. — By mail, telegraph, railroads, and steam-boats to all parts of the country. Post-office three-quarters of a mile distant. Reservation. — Thirty-nine and seven-eighth acres of land, bordering west on the Kennebec River, (near the head of steamboat navigation,) and inclosed on three sides by a picketed iron fence. Purchased by the United States at different times from private individuals. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C. — Hilly and well watered, abounding in farms and manufac- tories of various kinds; fruitful and thoroughly supplied with the necessaries of life. Staple products — lumber, hay, potatoes, &C Locality healthy. DESCBIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 141 F()RT KNOX, BUCKSPORT, MAINE. (Established isn. INFORMATION GIVEN Jl M BV LUKE WALKER, OEDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY IN CHARGE. Location.— On the western bauk of the L'enobscot River, aboul 50 miles from its mouth, and distant t'ldin the nearest town three-fourths of a mile. Bncksport, Kings County, is the iiearesl post-office. Quarters. — The officers' quarters in main works are unfinished, and built of brick and gran- ite — bomb proof. They are divided into two separate buildings, two rooms in each building; each room me isures 50 by 20 feet. In addition to the above there is a frame building outside oi' main works, built tor officers' quarters, measuring 40 by 20 feet, containing live small rooms — temporary. The men's quarters in main works are bomb proof, built of brick and granite, and are divided into eight compartments, each one measuring about -'10 by 15, and now used as magazines. There is also one building for men's quarters outside of main works, frame, measuring LOO by 20 feet; temporary. Store-houses. — Thei el store-houses inside of main works, one of which is used lor the implements appertaining to the ordnance al the post: measure,- ."ill by 15 feel : capacity 6,750 cubic feet; condition leaky. The other store-house, intended for commissary stores, is unfinished; it measures 50 by 20 feet. The above store-houses are bomb-proof, and built of brick and granite. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &c. — There are nine old frame buildings occupied at present by the Engineer Department as blacksmith-shop, carpenter-shop, implement houses, office, &c; also one large barn, measuring about 75 by 25 feet ; frame building, in good condition. There is also one unfinished frame building, intended for a kitchen, but now stored with wood belonging to the Quartermaster's Department. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depot is Boston, Massachu- setts. The route is by steamboat. Seasons of supply, spring, summer, and autumn. Subsistence. — No subsistence on hand at present; rations commuted. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel is obtained by purchase; delivered at the post. Forage can be obtained by purchase at the post. There are two springs of water in main works, beside several cisterns. Communication. — Between the post and nearest town is bj steam ferry-boat. T'eservation. — One hundred and fifty act Description of COUNTRY, &C — The country in the immediate vicinity of the fort is mount- ainous. The soil is generallj of a brownish "lay, and produces grass, oats, barley, and potal The quantity of timber is light, being of second growth, consisting principally of pine, beech, birch, and hemlock. About thirty acres of the reservation are under wood, and would yield, if cut, about three hundred cords. Orass and water good. Climate is cold, subject to fogs so prevalent on the Atlantic coast. Average temperature about 50°. Health of locality good. FORT LAFAYETTE, NEW YORK HARBOR. This post was recently wholly destroyed by lire, and no description can therefore be given of it. The post is still borne on the division roster: Ordnance Sergeant John Graves in charge. 142 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT LEE, SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established in the revolutionary war. Rebuilt in 1862.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 2, 1870, BY GEORGE S. P. BRADFORD, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE. Location. — The fort is built on the highest part of Salem Neck, and commands the entrance to Salem and Beverly Harbors. It overlooks and commands Fort Pickering, half a mile distant. It is half a mile northeast from Phillips's wharf, Salem, and one and a half from the post-office. QUARTERS. — There is but one building at the post used as quarters. It contains 690 square feet of room, and has an attic chamber of the same dimensions. It was occupied during the late "war as quarters both-by-effi«e«3 and men — the men occupying the upper part. It is built entirely of wood, and has no chimney. It was originally put up at Readville, Massachusetts, from whence it was brought in sections. It was very much shaken in the gale of September 8, 1869. It requires new shingling, new doors and windows, a chimney, and other repairs to make it sale and comfort- able. . Store-houses. — None. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — IS one. Supply-depots, &c. — Boston is the nearest supply depot. Stores may be taken to the post at any time overland, but on account of the heavy drifts of snow in winter heavy stores should be supplied during the summer months. Subsistence. — None at the post. Ordnance sergeant's rations commuted at Fort Independence. Fuel, FORAGE, and WATER. — Wood in small quantities is purchased in Salem on order from the assistant quartermaster at Boston. There is a very small supply of coal at the fort. There is no well at the post, and drinking-water has to be carried from Mr. Welsh's farm, a quarter of a mile distant. Communication. — Over Salem Neck. Vessels could land cargoes at the almshouse wharf, less than a quarter of a mile distant, or at the powder-house wharf on Winter Island, directly west of Fort Pickering. Reservation.— About 120,000 square feet. Description of country, &c. — There is no garden at this post, and but a very small amount of hay can be cut. The soil is of a light sandy nature. Rock-sand is plentiful, and bowlder-stones abound. LONG POINT BATTERIES, PROVINCETOWN, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established in 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 1, 1870, BY .1. ROSENTHAL, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE. Location. — Located on a narrow strip of land about two miles south of Provincetown, which is also the nearest post-office. QUARTERS.— Officers' quarters are a frame building. 41' by 21 feet, containing tour rooms and a kitchen. Men's quarters, a frame building, 82 feet long by 21— capacity for one hundred men. < 'ondiliou good. STORE-nousES. — One store-house, frame building, 30 by 20, used for magazine— contains all the ordnance stores a! the post. Condition good. Hospital, guard-house, &c— No hospital. Guard-house, frame building, L8 by 1 1. Stable, frame building, L8 by 1 !. Condition good. Supply-depots, &c. — The near.es! supply depot is Boston. DESCBIPTIONS Or MILITAEY POSTS AND .STATIONS. 143 Fuel, forage, and wateb. — Fuel is bought in Provincetown. Water obtained in cisterns. Communication. — Communication with Provincetown by water, except at low tide, when one can go there by land. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C. — The country is barren and sandy: no timber or grass ; no water, except rain water ; locality healthy, but very cold in winter. FORT MACON, NORTH CAROLINA. (Established, date not known.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 27, 1870, BY MAJOR JOSEPH STEWART, FOURTEENTH - ARTILLERY, COM- MANDING POST. LOCATION. — On the eastern extremity of Bogue Banks, northwest of < 'ape Lookout, ten miles distant. Beaufort about north, 30°east,one mile ami five-eighths distant. The nearest post-office, Morehead City — about three miles northwest of the fort. CHARTERS. — Five casemates, l(i by .".-1 feet, are occupied as officers' quarters, and three small cottages, of rough boards, containing each four rooms, 10 by 15 feet, with small kitchens in rear, furnish additional quarters for officers. One other cottage for officers' quarters is nearly com pleted. Six casemates are used as men's quarters, besides kitchens and mess-rooms. Officers' quarters in fair condition for inferior casemates. Condition of men's quarters not so good. Store-house. — One casemate, of the uniform size of those in the tort, is used as a store-room for quartermaster's supplies, and another as a subsistence store-room. One other casemate and two smaller irregularly-shaped casemates are used as ordnance store rooms. Company store-rooms are in the orderly-rooms. A large frame store-house, belonging to the Light- House Department, is partly used for quartermaster's and commissary stores. Condition of store-rooms fair. Hospital, guard-house, &C. — The hospital is a frame building of rough boards, in wretched condition and unlit for repairs. The guard-house is a casemate, accommodating the guard and the .narrisoii prisoners. Two other casemates are used as prison-rooms for convicts and general prisoners from other posts — constituting the military prison at Fort Macon. The stable is a frame building, somewhat dilapidated, but of sufficient capacity for the necessities of the post— in fair con dition. A carpenter's shop, frame, in bad condition, soon to be removed, being in close proximity to officers' quarters recently built. Same remark applies to laundresses' quarters. SUPPLY-DEPOTS, &C. — Supplies — subsistence and quartermaster's — are usually obtained from New York by steamer to New Berne, thence to Morehead City by rail, and at any season. SUBSISTENCE. — Subsistence for three months is usually obtained. Subsistence could be ob tained preferably in Baltimore, and transportation in schooners can be obtained in New York, Phil- adelphia, and Baltimore, direct to the post. Fuel, FORAGE, AND WATER. — Fuel is obtained by contract at the post, and procured in the surrounding country. Forage is obtained in New York : coin can be obtained in the vicinity of the post. Water from wells — a, fair article, but hard. Communication. — Communication is had with Beaufort and .Morehead City by means of small boats. Leservation. — The reservation embraces nearly a mile of the eastern extremity of Bogue Banks. It was ceded to the General Government by the State of North Carolina in 1825. Description OF country, &C. — Bogue Banks consist of a beach running about due east and west for a few miles from the foil, extending to the south from that distance to the western extremity, about twenty-live miles from the fort, and a series of downs or sand-hills between the beach and the low, marshj ground on the north side. The western parr of the island is well timbered. The country back of Morehead City and Beaufort is low ami sandy, and the timber chiefly pine, which is very abundant. Considerable cotton is raised, and extensive vineyards are 144 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS A XI > .STATIONS. being planted. Rosin is a chief article of export. But little if any grass is raised — hay being brought from the North, mid the stock feeding on the coarse tule-grass of the marshes. No meteorological records appear to have been kept at the post or in Beaufort, and positive information as to temperature cannot be given. The climate in ■winter is mild ; in summer hot, tempered with sea breezes. The prevailing winds, which are strong in March and April, are from the southwest. The climate is healthy. Mean rise and fall of tides, 2 feet S inches ; mean rise and fall of spring tides, :; feet 3 inches : mean rise and fall of neap tides, 2 feet 1' inches ; water on the liar. 15 feet. FORT McCLEARY, KITTERY POINT, MAINE. (Established, unknown. There were troops at the post in 1812 ) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 24, 1870, BY PATRICK GALLAGHER, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IX CHARGE. LOCATION. — The fort is built on a rocky eminence of the main land, on the north side of the Piscataqua River, and commands the entrance to Portsmouth Harbor. The river at this point is about one mile wide. The old fort has been partly torn down by the United States engineers, and new work commenced in 1863. There are no guns mounted, nor has the work progressed far enough to mount any. The fort is situated in the lower part of the town of Kittery. The nearest post-office is at Kittery Point, about one-fourth of a mile from the post. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, none. Men's quarters, a one-story brick building, containing two rooms. One room is 3! by IS and one 19 by 18; will contain about fifty men; is very old and out of repair; occupied as an ordnance store-room. Kitchen and mess room attached Ls a one-story woodeu building. Kitchen 17 by 15 ; mess-room 17 by J7: is entirely out of repair; occupied by the engineer department as store-rooms. Chapel is a one-story brick" building. I'.i by 13, inhabit. able. Blockhouse is a two-story hexagonal building, each square is feet feet six inches by 'J feet (i inches; built in IS!;'! 1>\ the (mops a! the post : is po irly constructed; unfinished above the ceiling,: needs repairs; is occupied by the ordnance sergeant as quarters; is situated about 500 yards north of the foil on the reservation. The guard house is a one-story brick building, 19 by 13; the roof partly destroyed; ceiling all down; unoccupied. Supply-depot. — Boston is the nearest supply-depot; distauce fifty-two miles ; route by rail to Portsmouth, from thence to the post by teams, four and one half miles. Subsistence. — Commutation of rations by the assistant commissary of subsistence at Fori Preble, Maine. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel is generally obtained from New Hampshire, there being very little, hard wood around here. Forage can be obtained in abundance from the surrounding country. The post is very poorly watered. There are two wells on the reservation, each distant from the jiost about 100 yards. Water can be obtained in abundance by sinking wells. COMMUNICATION. — Either by land or water. Principal part of the town of Kittery is three miles from the post. Portsmouth is distant four and one-hall miles. Reservation. — Fifteen acres. Description of coi \ti:\, &c. — The surrounding country is very uneven and rocky. Soil, when well cultivated, quite productive. Timber scarce — dwarf pine, with a very little scrub oak. Grass is of good quality; large crops arc obtained when the land is properly manured. The locality is very healthj ; the average temperature aboul 55 . DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 145 FORT McHENRY, MARYLAND. (Established in 1775. The site was firsl occupied as a military post bj the erection of a water battery, in 1775, for the defense of the town. In 1794 the fort was repaired, and the star fort of brick work added, when it was ceded to the United States, and called Fori McHenry.) INFORMATION GIVEN JINK 28, 1870, BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL FTORACE BROOKS, COLONEL FOURTH ARTILLERY. COMMANDING POST. Location.— It is situated on Whetstone Point, a peninsula formed by the junction of the northwest branch of the Patapsco with the main river, and is about three miles distant from the center of the city of Baltimore, in a southeasterly direction. Latitude 39° 1-V 44" north : longitude 76° 31' 28" west, Qcakters;. — Mens' quarters: The barracks, as originally built and intended to accommodate two companies, are two substantial brick buildings, occupying two adjacent sides of a pentagon, and located within the fort inclosures. They are each 97 feet 2 inches in length by 21ij in width, are two stories high, with a covered porch ten feet wide to each floor, extending the entire length of the west or front side. Each story contains three rooms of equal size; on the lower are the kitchen, mess-room, orderly and store rooms; on the upper are three squad-rooms as quarters, earl: .'!li by 21- by 8-j !} and 10 feet high, plastered and ceiled, giving each man (the company num- bering seventy-four) about 870 cubic feet of air space. In these roomsthe men live almost entirely; there being no separate provision for lounging, smoking, reading, &c. The garrison having been increased within the past few years by the addition of two artillery companies, it became necessary to provide additional barracks, and for this purpose there were fitted up two large brick buildings, originally built as stables and used as such, aud in which, dur- ing the late war, confederate prisoners were confined. These buildings run northeast and south- west, are near the sea-wall, and about 94 feet apart and (ISO from the east angle of the fort. They are each about 119^ feet long by 32 wide, with a covered porch 10 feet wide, extending along the front or fort side. The lower story, 14 feet high, contains the company office, store-room, mess- room, and kitchen, and a large room originally intended as a lounging and reading-room for the men, but which in one building is now vacant, aud in the other the band is quartered. The upper story, in which are the men's quarters, is one large room 119frr feet long by 32 wide, 8 feet high at the eaves of the. roof and 14A feet at the ridge, giving each man 449 cubic feet of air space. These quarters, by reason of their great size, are with difficulty heated in winter. The barracks are all heated by wood stoves, and ventilated by windows ou opposite sides. Laundresses' quarters are situated on the northeast side of the main entrance to the fort ; are three one-story frame battened buildings, originally put up for confederate prisoners, but used for quarters by troops, ami subsequently divided into rooms and occupied by laundresses. Officers' quarters are necessarily much scattered aud not uniform. That occupied by the com manding officer is situated near the chapel, between the two roads leading to the wharf. It is an old brick building, two and a half stories high, formerly used as a hospital. Opposite to this build- ing are two frame buildings used as officers' quarters. The one nearest the fort is one and a half stories high; the other, consisting of two separate buildings joined at right angles, are partly one and partly two stories high. There are within the fort inclosure two two-story brick buildings. occupying two adjacent sides of a pentagon, each containing six rooms averaging about 1G by is feet. Facing the road leading to the fort there are two double cottages and one single, built last spring. The double cottages contain lour rooms, two kitchens and four attic rooms ; the single one contains three rooms, one kitchen and four attic rooms. The buildings are convenient aud com- fortable, with the exception of being damp. They are filled with brick and covered in with weather- boarding, running vertically and battened. Store-houses. — The ordnance, quartermaster, and commissary store-rooms are in three large frame buildings without the fort, and afford ample room for all stores on hand. There are also two ordnance sheds outside, in which ordnance stores are kept. 19 140 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAB1 POSTS AND STATIONS. Hospital, guard-hou.se, &c. — The hospital proper is a substantial brick building, situated upon elevated ground within the fort limits and fronting to the southeast, two stories high, with a basement and attic rooms. It was built about thirty-five years since ; it is ."i.'U by 27 feet, and has two large covered porches 10 feet wide extending around the building on the lower and upper floors — the lower floor is about 4 feet from the ground, and is reached by stairs at the front and rear porch. The building is heated by stoves and lighted by kerosene oil, and ventilated by windows. A hall, 23 feet 1<> inches by feet, divides each floor, on the one side of which (on lower floor) are two rooms of equal size, 11 feet inches by lit feet 4 inches ; on the other side, one large room for dis- pensary, and a smaller room adjoining used as an office. These rooms are ample and furnished with the usual fixtures. The second floor i.s equally divided by a hall extending from front to rear, having a ward 23 feet 10 inches by 10 feet 4 inches and 12 feet inches high on each side. Six beds can be placed in these wards, giving to each man 070 cubic feet of air space. Each room has a water-closet. The bath-room is on the first floor adjoining the office. The basement story extends only under one-half of the building, and contains the kitchen, which is low and dark. This building is supplied with water from the main tank inside the fort, and conveyed in pipes to the first floor of the hospital. There is also a fine spring near the building. During the recent war it became necessary to provide additional hospital accommodations : so a temporary frame building was erected adjoining the hospital on the southwest side. This build- ing, 150 by 30/3 feet, is connected with the main building by an addition of GOi by -•">! feet, extending from the center of each. The connecting building contains the mess-room, store room, and linen-room. The frame building was originally one large ward, but latterly a portion of it has been partitioned off sufficient to contain twenty beds. This ward gives 1,200 cubic feet of air space Iter bed. The guard-house is situated at the entrance to the fort, occupying the fifth side of a pentagon. It is a substantial brick building, the archway passing through it, on one side of which are two rooms, one 21 feet 5 inches by 14 feet i! inches, the other 12J-V by 12 T 2 . T feet, used for the confinement of prisoners. These rooms are deemed too small for the strength of the garrison. The guard-room, 21 feet 5 inches by 14 feet 2 inches, is on the other side of the archway, and com- municates by means of a door of iron bars with three cells, each about 10 by 4 feet, intended for solitary confinement. The guard-house is warmed by stoves. Its ventilation is good. Supi'lv-dei'OTS, &o. — Baltimore, Maryland. The medical supplies are obtained upon requi- sition from the medical purveying depot at Washington, District of Columbia, received in good condition and kept in hospital store-room. Subsistence. — The regulation rations are furnished to the men, and also a supply of stores are kept on hand for sale to officers — quality as a general rule good. The stores are furnished by the. chief commissary of subsistence Department of the East. FUEL, FORAGE, and WATER. — The fuel consists of wood and coal ; the forage of hay and oats, furnished by the Quartermaster's Department. The principal supply of water is furnished by an artesian well sunk in the center of the parade ground inside the fort. The well is 142 feet in depth. 12 inches in diameter. 92 feet down — 88 feet of 8 inch pipe extending to L38 feet, double pipe Hi feet. The water is forced by means of a fori e pump, from a depth of .'!0 feet, into an iron tank ol a capacity of 3,322 gallons, and distributed through iron pipes to the following hydrants, viz. : one in the center of the fort, one in the center of the road leading from the sally-port to the wharf, one near the southwest corner of the laundresses" quarters, one in the hospital yard, one in the dis- pensary, one in the hospital kitchen, one in second story of brick hospital, and one in every kitchen of the officers' quarters, in new quarters, and in the commanding officer's house. The post is also supplied by means of pumps from wells located as follows: One in the southeast corner of the fort, one in the southwest corner of the yard in rear of the commanding officer's quarters, and one in the hospital grounds. Communication. — Baltimore city post-office. i;i:st:i;\ ation. — The military reservation covers an area of 49^ acres, of which about I,', is occupied by the fort and water battery. The surrounding country is comparatively low and level, with occasional undulations. During the summer the prevailing winds vary from south to DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 147 east — those of winter are mostly northwest. In summer the winds pass over the Low lands on tbe opposite side of the Patapsco, over one mile distant from the fort. The fort occupies the whole of the extremity of the peninsula. Its cresl is ill feet, and the parade-ground 31.1 feet above low- water mark. The land is of a sandy nature, and is not suited for farming or gardening purposes. There is no timber on the reservation except a few shade-trees, and fuel is obtained from the Quar- termaster's Department; also the forage. Description of country, &c. — The reservation is surrounded by water, except on the west side, which extends to the city limits ; and the dividing line is marked by a brick wall. A sub- stantial sea-wall runs nearly all the way around the reserve. FORT MIFFLIN, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. tablished A. D. 1798.) INFORMATION GIVEN OCTOBER 25, 1870, BY GEORGE BROMLEY, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY. IX CI! OJGE. Location. — la the Twenty-seventh ward of the city of Philadelphia, on the western shore of the Delaware River, about one mile, below the mouth of the Schuylkill River, and southwest from the city proper. Distance from the city by water about eight miles, and by land five miles. Quarters. — Commanding officer's quarters, one and a half stories, 70 by 31.1 feet, brick, rough-coated, tin roof, in good order, with the exception of the natural decay and long use of the wood-work inside. Subaltern officers' quarters, two stories, .so by 20.1 feet ; kitchen to said quarters, 1 U by 124 feet, and attached to the main building. Material — brick, slate roof, in good order, with the exception of the roof, which requires slight repairs, and also the wood-work inside of the building, which is decayed from long use, &c. Company quarters for one company of artillery, one and a half stories high, brick, slate roof, 117A by 28 feet, divided into three squad-rooms, one mess-room, kitchen, one orderly-room, and a small room for sutler's store on the first floor, and six- rooms for the company laundresses, and one company store-room on the second floor. The roof and wood-work of said building require slight repairs. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's and commissary store, one story, brick, slate roof. 55^ by 20 feet, divided into two rooms ; in good order, with the exception of the roof and part, of the wood- work inside, which require slight repairs. Ordnance store, one story, brick, slate roof, 4-1 by 2-1.1 feet, in good order, with the exception of the roof, which requires slight repairs. Gun-shed, one story, brick, shingle roof, !>7 J by 30A feet, in good order, though roof requires general repair; part of gun-shed is used by the Engineer Department and the balance by the Ordnance Department. Blacksmith-shop, one story, brick, shingle roof, 22^ by 19 feet, in good order. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Guard-house, one story, wood, tin roof, divided into two rooms, one as a guard-room and one as a prison-room, 30J by 1(1 feet, in good order. Hospital, (outside of fort,) two stories, brick, shingle roof, 51 by 20 feet, five wards and dis- pensary : roof and wood-work require repairing. Hospital kitchen, (outside of fort,) wood, shingle roof, 20 by 20 feet. Hospital wash-house, (outside of fort-,) wood, board roof, 24 by IS feet. Hos pital store-house, (outside of fort,) wood, board roof. 16 by 16 feet, in good order, except the roof, which requires repair. Ice-house, (outside of fort,) wood, shingle roof, 23 by 23 feet, in good order. Public stable, (outside of fort.) wood, shingle roof, 30 by 1>U feet. Hay-house, (outside of fort,) wood, shingle roof, 30 by 10 feet. "Wood-shed, (outside of fort,) wood, board roof, 50 by 13 feet. All of these buildings are more or less in need of repairs. S upply-depot, & c— Philadel phia. SUBSISTENCE. — From Philadelphia. The amount of subsistence usually kept on hand during the occupancy of the post by troops is for one company, and supplied in the fall ami spring, with the exception of fresh meats. &c, which are supplied weekly from the Philadelphia markets. FCEL, FORAGE, A.xn WATER. — Coal is from the Schuylkill regions of Pennsylvania, by the 148 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Schuylkill River and railroads, and wood from the States of Now Jersey and Delaware, by the Delaware River. Forage is furnished from the quartermaster's depot, Philadelphia. Water is supplied for the garrison from the Delaware River for cooking and dunking' purposes, there being no well inside or outside of the fort that supplies water fit for such use. Communication. — By the Delaware River and the road to Philadelphia. Reservation. — About 317 acres. Description of country, &c. — The surface of the land immediately adjoining the fort is flat and marshy, embracing an area of about six thousand acres of land; but to the northwest of this it is rolling, divided by numerous fresh-water streams. Productions — Indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, &c. Grass — timothy, clover, greeu grass. &e. Timber — oak. chestnut, poplar, ash. maple, hickory, and willow. The neighborhood of the fort is comparatively healthy. Malarial diseases prevail during the fall and spring months. Climate variable — often subject to sudden changes: especially is this the case diuing the winter and spring months. The fort is at present undergoing repairs by the Engineer Department. FORT MONROE ARSENAL, VIRGINIA. (Established August, L824.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 7,1870, BY BREVET COLONEL T. G. BAYLOR, M VJOE OF ORDNANCE, IN CHARGE OF ARSENAL. Location. — Fort Monroe, Virginia. Distant fifteen miles from Norfolk, Virginia, and north by west from it. Distant three miles from Hampton, Virginia, and southeast from it. Latitude 37° 00' 021" ; longitude 76° IS'. Post-office, < >ld Point < 'omfort, Virginia. Quarters. — Officers', one two story, brick, slate roof, 79 by 20 feet, divided into two sets of quarters; each set contains six rooms in good condition ; two two story, wood, shingle roof, each :;7 by 33 feet, four rooms in each in good condition. Men's, one two-story, brick, slate roof, 65 by 25 feet, three rooms, occupied by enlisted men; in good condition: three two story, wood, shingle roof, each 41 by IS feet, two rooms in each, occupied by hired men; in good condition; one two- story, wood, shingle roof, 10 by 32 feet, divided into three sets of quarters, four rooms in each, occupied by hired men ; in good condition. Store-houses. — Two one-story, brick, slate roof, 125 by 30 feet, a I present used for storing gun-carriages ; needs repairs ; one one -story, wood, shingle roof, 56 by 20 feet, at present used for storing material : in good condition ; one two-story, wood, tin roof, 17 7 by 27 feet, at present used for storing material ; in good condition ; one one-story, wood, tin roof, 125 by 40 feet, at present used for storing material: in good condition ; one one-story, wood, shingle roof, 224 by 26 feet, at present used for storing material; in good condition ; one one-story, wood, shingle roof. 70 by 27 feet, at present used for storing material ; in good condition: one one story, wood, shingle root. 32 by 20 feel, scale-house, in good condition. Eospital, guard-house, &c.— One two-story, wood, tin roof, 88 U\ 20 feet, stable, in good condition; one one-story, wood, shingle roof, K> by 15 feet, office, needs repairs; one one-story, brick, slate roof, 235 by 52 feet, workshop, in good condition ; one one -story, wood, tin root. 1 (."■ h\ 25 feet, workshop, in good condition ; one one story, wood, shingle roof, 107 by 27 feet, workshop and brass foundery, in good condition; one one story, wood, shingle root. '_'7 by 18 feet, sabotshop, in good condition ; one one story, brick, slate roof. 131 bj 33 feet, workshop and engine-room, in good condition ; one one story, brick, slate root, .Mi bj !"■> feet, boiler house, ingood condition: one one-story, wood, tin roof, 55 by tl feet, steam hammer house, in good condition. Si PPLY-DEPOTS, &C. — For quartermaster and subsistence stores, Fort Monroe, Virginia. Subsistence. — For enlisted men, drawn on requisition from post commissaryat Fort Monroe, Virginia. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 149 Fuel, forage, ami watee. — Fuel and forage drawn on requisition from depot quartermaster at Fort Monroe, Virginia. Water is either from wells or cisterns. Communication. — By water, daily, to Baltimore, Maryland, by steamboat ; three times daily to Norfolk, Virginia, ^by steamboat, and twice a week to Washington, District of Columbia, bj steamboat. Reservation.— Old Point Comfort, at whicli Fort Monroe arsenal is situated, embraces 250 acres of land. Description of cot ntry, &c. — The surrounding country is low and tiat, and the soil sandy. The soil is very favorable for raisin-- early vegetables and fruits, or for what is generally termed trucking. Some -rain is also raised. ( >ak, yellow pine, hickory, and gum, are the principal timber trees. The climate is generally mild and healthy, and temperature moderate. FORT MONROE, VIRGINIA. (Established in the year 181S.) INFORMATION GIVEN SEPTEMBER 13, 1870, BY COLONEL WILLIAM V. BAKRV, SECOND ARTILLERY, < OM MANDING POST. Location. — old Point Comfort, Elizabeth City County, Virginia, three miles southeast of Hamilton and fifteen miles north of Norfolk. Post-office at the fort. QUARTERS.— One frame building, HI by 70, one story, eight r< is, four rooms for quarters and lour rooms for officers, in good condition; one frame building, 34 by 31, one story, live rooms, quarters of military store-keeper, in good condition: one brick building, 34 by 34, two stories, twenty-four rooms, officers' quarters, in good condition; sixteen rooms assignable, sixteen base- ments and attics, and eight kitchens; one frame building, 34 by 34, one-story, five rooms, officers' quarters, in good condition : one frame building, 3 I by 34, one-story, four rooms, officers' quarters, in good condition ; two brick buildings, 3 1 by 34, two-story, fourteen rooms each, officers' quarters, in good condition; one brick building, -'It by 34, two-story, eight rooms, commanding officer's quar- ters, in good condition; casemates, first front, one-story, twenty-eight rooms, twenty-four rooms- for officers' quarters and four rooms for condenser, in good condition ; casemates, second front, one story, twenty-eight rooms, officers' quarters, in good condition : casemates, third front, one-story, twenty-eight rooms, quarters of noncommissioned staff, band and school-rooms, in good condition; six frame buildings, one-story, one room each, quarters for six batteries, in good condition; one frame building, 34 by 34, one-story, one room, quarters for band, in good condition; two frame buildings, 34 by 34, two-story, twenty-eight rooms each, quarters for laundresses belonging to bat- teries, in good condition. Store-houses. — One frame building, 40 by 150, one story, one room, store-house for quarter- master's stores, in good condition; one frame building, 20 by 50, one-story, one room, store-house for lime, in good condition : one frame building, 18 by 30, one story, one room, store-house for oil, in good condition ; one frame building To by '■•<•, one-story, one room, store-house for quartermaster's stores, needs thorough overhauling; one frame building, 30 by 354, one-story, one room, store-house for forage and straw, needs thorough overhauling; one frame building. 60 by 200, one-story, one room, store-house for quartermaster's stores, requires new roof; one frame building, 25 by 48, one-story, one room, store-house for clothing, camp and garrison equipage, in good condition: one frame building, CO by 250, one-story, one room, store-house for clothing, camp and garrison equipage, in good condition ; one frame building, 28 by 47, one-story, three rooms, offices for subsistence depart ment, in good condition ; three casemates, one-story, three rooms, subsistence store rooms, in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c.— One frame building, 16 by 49, one story, two rooms, school- house, in good condition; one frame building, 30 by 35, two-story, nine rooms, quarters of em- ployes, needs repairing; one frame building, 23 by 32, two-story, eight rooms, quarters of employes. 150 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. needs repairing; one frame building, 20 by 30, one story, six rooms, quarters of employes, needs repairing; one frame building, 30 by 50, one-story, six rooms, quarters of employes, needs repair- ing; one frame building, 30 by 30, one-story, five rooms, quarters of employes, needs repairing; itoi si;, &C. — The other public buildings consist of live work-shops, average ing55 by 21 feet : also one for office, 40 by -'1 feet ; these are built of hard pressed brick, one of which is used as a guard-house. Also a stable, To by 30 feet, built of stone and brick : also two maga- zines, one of which is 24 h\ 24 feet, liuilt ofbriek: the other is 60 bj 21 feet, built of stone. These buildings are all one story high, and in good condition. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster and commissary stores are received from Baltimore, Maryland, all of which have to be hauled in wagons. S: BSISTENCE. — Three months' rations, for four enlisted men and one civilian employe, are kept on hand. li EL, FORAGE, AND WATER.— Fuel is purchased from farmers residing in the vicinity. A DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. sufficient supplj of forage is obtained <>f the lands belonging to the arsenal, Water in abundance is had within the inclosure. Communication. — Between Baltimore and Pikesville is bj wagons retained at the arsenal for that purpose. An omnibus leaves Pikesville daily for Baltimore at 7 a, m.: returning, leave Baltimore at 4 p. in. Reservation. — Fifteen acre . FORT PHCENIX, FAIRHAVEN, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established — date not known.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 22, 1870, BY JOHN WETZEL, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE. Location. — One mile smith of the village of Fairhaven, harbor of New Bedford, Massachu- setts. Nearest post-office one mile. Quarters. — One officers' quarters, 21 by 18 feet, one and one-half stories high, lias three rooms — two rooms are 11 by 11 feet, one room :-'!> by 1 * > feel ; the building is of wood, and is old and decayed. One barrack, 40 by 24 feet, one and one-half stories nigh, lias capacity for one com- pany; the building is of wood, and is old and decayed. Ordnance sergeant's quarters, 28 by If feet, one-story high ; a wooden building, in good condition. Store-houses. — None. Hospital, guard-house, Ac- None. Supply-depots, &c. — Nearest quartermaster's depot is Boston, Massachusetts. Route is by the Old Colony and Fairhaven Branch Railroad. Subsistence. — None kept at the post. Fuel, FORAGE, and WATER. — Water, fuel, and forage can be obtained iii the vicinity. Communication. — Communication is by land and water. Reservation. — Two acres. Description of country, &c. — Soil good; no timber: grass and water in abundance; locality very healthy. POST OF PLATTSBURGH BARRACKS, NEW YORK. (Established. — No records at the post to show what time it was established ; probably about 1812 or 1814.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 12, 1870, BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL RICHARD ARNOLD, CAPTAIN, FIFTH UNITED STATUS ARTILLERY', COMMANDING POST. Location. — Situated upon the southern part of the reservation, i sandy plain, about one mile south from the town of Plattsburgh, New York, about twenty-five rods west from Lake Champlain and ninety feet above the water level. It is upon the direct road from the town of Plattsburgh to Peru, New York. The nearest post-office is at Plattsburgh. Quarters. — The quarters now occupied by the soldiers were commenced in 1S3S, and were originally designed to inclose a space of six hundred feet square. Only a part of the design has been carried out. The main building, facing nearly north, is constructed of uncut granite and sand stone. It is 204 feel long. 25 feet wide, and two and a half stories high. It is divided into twelve rooms. In the eastern end four rooms on the lower floor are set apart for use as a post hospital. There is a fine two storied porch !U feet wide along the front of the main building : also convenient pent-house at each of the doors leading to the rear of the quarters. The building used for officers' quarters is situated east from the main building and 20 feel from it. It is constructed of the same material as the main building : it is 102 feet long. 33 feet wide, and two and a half 20 154 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. stories high ; it contains twenty-four rooms for the use of officers ; it is at right-angles with the main building. Their are convenient quarters for laundresses separate from the main barracks. Store-houses. — One building used for a store-house for quartermaster and commissary stores is constructed of wood. -">1 feet long by 57 feel wide. The ordnance building, used in winter for a store-house for a battery of brass guns, is 81 feet long by 26 feet wide. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — The post hospital is in the east end of the soldiers' barracks and occupies four rooms on the first floor. The guard-house is a frame building, 77 feet long by 20 feet wide. It is situated near the main entrance to the inclosure constituting the post proper. It is divided into three rooms and two close cells : the latter are H» feet by 4J. The front rooin, 15 by 14 feet, is used as a guard- room. Adjoining the cells on the north is a room, 12 by 14 feet, used at present as a lock-up for prisoners; opening from this last room is an apartment, 28 b\ 14 feet, which is not now in use. The magazine is at the southwest corner of the inclosure; it is a frame building, 17 by 13 feet, inclosed by a substantial picket-fence five feet high. The adjutant's office is a frame building'. 25 by 30 feet, situated near the northwest comer of the inclosure. The hake house is a one- story frame building, 31 by 17 iVi't, situated near the southeast corner of the inclosure. The post school is a one story frame building, 45 by 17 i'vti, situated near the northeast corner of the inclosure. Stjtply-depots, &C. — The nearest supply-depot is New York City. The'routes are, in sum- mer, from New York to Whitehall by rail; thence by boat to Plattsburgh; thence by quarter- master's teams to the post. In winter, when the lake is closed by ice, all supplies come via Rouse's Point. The seasons of supply are the second, third, and fourth quarters of the year. SUBSISTENCE. — The amount of subsistence usually on hand is sufficient to supply the garri- son, composed of one company. FUEL, FORAGE, and water. — Fuel and forage are furnished by contract and delivered at the post by the contractor in such quantities as is most convenient for the post quartermaster to receive. Water is obtained from wells — one near the main building and on itside of the northern boundary of the inclosure. Communication. — The only means of communication between the post and the nearest town ! Plattsburgh) is a team of horses, the property of the United States, and in charge of the post quartermaster. There are also necessary carts, wagons. &c. Reservation. — Consists of 200 acres of sandy laud, purchased about 1815 by the United States from private parties. The reservation is bounded on the north by a portion of the town of Plattsburgh, on the east by Lake ( lhamplain, on the south by private laud, and on the west by pri- vate lands and the Saranae River. There is a railroad running through the reservation from Plattsburgh to Eeesville, New York. Description of country, &c. — The reservation is situated on the west bank of Lake Champlain, in the midst of a verj fertile country. The country around is cultivated, grow mil cereals, nearly all garden vegetables and fruits, except peaches and fruits that are grown only iu warm climates. The lands in the immediate boundary of the reservation are not cultivated, with the exception of the side toward Plattsburgh and a portion of that on the west. FORT POPHAM, PARKER'S HEAD, MAINE. (Established in 1863. There are two tiers of casemates almosl completed, with eighteen guns mounted on the first tier and three only on the second. When completed the fort is intended to garrison one company of heavy artillery or one company of infantry.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 21, 1870, BY DENNIS KELLY, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED sTA'l ES ARMY, IX CHARGE. Location. — On the west bank and near the mouth of the Kennebec River, precisely one mile north of Pond Island light house, which is located at the mouth of the Kennebec River. Lath, DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS \\I"> STATIONS. 155 Maine, distant ten miles, is the nearest town of any note. Parkers Head is a village of about seventy-five inhabitants, located on the west bank of the river, and two and a half miles by water (five miles by land) from the fort. There is a post-office at this last-named village, which is the post-office address of this station. Quarters. — None, except an old frame building, 70 l>y 28, owned and used bj the Engineer Department. Ktore-ih uses.— None. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — None. Supply-depots, &c. — Boston, Massachusetts, is the uearest supply-depot to this station. The route is by sea or by railroad to Bath, Maine, and thence by river to the fort. Supplies are generally furnished during the latter part of summer or early in autumn. Subsistence. — No subsistence stores kept on hand : rations commuted. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel is obtained by purchase at the post, or at Bath, Maine. I'M age can be obtained in the same manner when needed. Water is obtained in cisterns. Communication. — Private couveyauces between post and nearest town. Reservation. — The reservation is 2^ acres. There has been no improvement made on it since its purchase by the < rovernment in 1860, other than a temporary wharf built by the Engineer Department for the purpose of receiving materials with which to build the fort. <>n the west side of the fort are flats which are to be lilled in, and thereby enlarge the ( rovernment land for a parade ground, &c. Description of country, &c. — Soil sandy; climate in winter extremely cold; health of locality very good. FORT PREBLE, PORTLAND, MA INK. (Established. — Fort built in 1808. North and south batteries built in 1st:.. Brick barracks, lately demolished in tiie old work, built in 1846.) information given junk 21, 1870, by captain it. f. brewerton, fifth united states artil- i.i:i:v. commanding post. LOCATION. — South side of outer harbor — south 51°, east one and a half miles from Portland post-office. Quarters. — Officers", five sets of wooden buildings; one set, four rooms, a kitchen, attic, and cellar, requires painting, and general repairs; one set, two rooms, a store-room, kitchen, attic, and cellar, requires painting outside, and slight repairs to roof; one building, two sets, each set one room, a kitchen, attic, and cellar, requires painting outside, and other slight repairs; one set, four rooms, a kitchen, attic, and cellar, requires painting outside, and other slight repairs. Men's. two sets of wooden buildings, each set containing five rooms, used as sleeping-rooms for enlisted men, and two small rooms used as company office and first sergeant's room. One set not sufficient for a full company. Each set has a basement used as post bakery, blacksmith-shop, and store-house for vegetables. These buildings require painting outside, and repairs to roofs, floors, and ceilings. These buildings are each 52 by 37A by 22 feet. Storehouses. — Two buildings, same as men's quarters, rooms of which are used as store- rooms for Quartermaster's and Commissary Department, carpenter-shop, and paint shop; also, one room used as store-room for company property, and one as company bathing-room. These build- ings require painting outside and in. and repairs to roofs, floors, and ceilings. They are each re by 37£ by 22 feet. Hospital, guard-house, &c, — The post hospital is located near the eastern end of the reser- vation line, facing northward, and closely adjoining a powder magazine and ordnance shed. It is a two-story wooden building, <12 by -Ml feet, and contains, beside attic and basement, the follow- ing-named rooms, viz: On first floor two wards, each 25.J by 111 feet : office, 15£ by 19 feet ; dispen- sary, 'J\ by '.» feet ; mess-room, 25 A by K'A feet, and three small store rooms, each about 9^ by 9 feet, all these rooms being llv: feet high. On second floor, four wards, 25J by 19 bj 7| feet high; water- closets, lavatories, and bath-rooms are attached in the rear for each floor. The basement contains 156 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. a ro 25J by 21 feet, used for laundry and kitchen, and a room adjoining for fuel, cistern, &c. Each of the larger rooms, wards. &c., lias two windows, and smaller rooms one window. A hall aboul 6 feel wide extends from front to rear on both first and second floors. The basement, three wards, and mess-room are unserviceable in consequence of the recenl lire. This building needs painting outside and in, also the late damages repaired. Guard-bouse, wooden building, is 1.". by 3J by 13 feet, containing one guardroom, two prison- r< is, five cells, and one tool-room. Requires painting outside and in, and general repairs. Yen tilation not good. Two buildings used as laundresses' quarters, one wooden building occupied by the ordnance sergeant and family, has three rooms, one small kitchen, and an attic. » >ne wooden building occu- pied by company laundresses, has two rooms and an attic, with shed in rear. General repairs and painting necessary. One stable with six stalls and loft, that will contain five months 1 supph of forage for six horses, has a wagon and harness room. Requires painting outside. One small wooden building, has four small rooms used as commanding officer's office, post adjutant's office, post quartermaster and assistant commissary of subsistence office, and post library. Requires painting outside, and general repairs to roof. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest supply depots of the Quartermaster and Subsistence De- partments is New York city, accessible either by rail or water. SUBSISTENCE. — Subsistence stores are furnished quarterly for one company and supplies to post. Three months supply usually kept on hand. FUEL, FORAGE, AND WATER. — The fuel furnished is good, purchased under written contract. The forage is good, and purchased at Portland, Maine. Water is obtained from wells and springs, quality quite good. The main supply of this post is furnished by a deep well in the parade ground. which fails, however, in August. Communication. — Portland is the nearest city ; communication is had either by laud or water. There is one two-horse express wagon and two row-boats at this post. In winter, or in very stormy weather the boats cannot be used. The wagon placed on runners is. in winter, the only means of communication. Reservation. — Extent of land reserved, !>A acres, measuring to high-water mark. Description of country, &C. — The surrounding country is generally uneven and rocky. the reservation being situated on a rocky point of land projecting northward from the southern shore of Portland harbor. The soil is generally thin and gravelly, and is devoted to small farm- in-', grazing, gardening, &c. The natural drainage of the locality is good, the surface water readily (inding its way to the harbor. The climate is that generally characteristic of the New England coast, the mean temperature of each mouth during the past year being as follows, viz: L869, dune 60°.91, duly 63°.35, August 63 .83, September 58°71, October 45 .50, November 34°50, December '.'7 ; 1870, January 24 .50, February 20 .50, March 27°, April 1 1 .50, .May 59°. The health of the locality and of the post is generally very good, there being no diseases prevalent at anytime, excepting those incident to the season, such as, for example, a predominance of catarrhal affections during the winter months. POST OF RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA. (Established April L2, 1865, by Sherman's forces, li was previously used by the confederate ;jo\ eminent as a hospital.) INFORMATION GIVEN SEPTEMBER 11. 1370, BY CAPTAIN 1.'. T. FRANK, EIGHTH INFANTRY, COMMAND- ING POST. Location.— Due east from the city of Raleigh, just beyond the citj limits; longitude 78 c -IT : latitude 35° 17': elevation, above tide-level .",17 feet. The location is pleasant and extremely healthful, and adorned by shade trees of large growth. Tost office, Raleigb, North Carolina. D1SCEIPTI0NS OF M1LITAEY POSTS AM) STATIONS. i.>7 Quarters. — Men's quarters consist of five barrack buildings, each !J0 by 26 feet ; they are of a temporary character, built of wood, with shingle roofs and ridge- ventilation windows on either side and end; they are unceiled and without ponlies.su essential to the comfort of troops in this vicinity; mess-rooms and kitchens partitioned off the end of each. Officers' quarters consist of four buildings, one 90 by 20 feet, four rooms; one 80 by 20, four rooms; one IS by 26, two rooms: and one 70 by 26, two rooms; all one-story frame houses, built of inferior pine lumber without regard to style, architecture, comfort, or convenience. Some of them are without yards, suitable kitchens, or out-houses of anj kind. < >nly one is ceiled with plaster, the others with boards. They are not of a character suitable for assignment to officers, and are insufficient in capacity for i than the otlicers of two companies. They are all considerably out of repair. Store-houses. — The building originally intended as store-house is 1-1 by 31 feet, is divided into three apartments, and is built of wood, with shingle roof. It is of the same temporary character as the other buildings, and is somewhat out of repair. The capacity of the store-rooms is sufficient for the garrison ordinarily stationed here, hut inadequate to the wants of a garrison of live com- panies. At present two of the barr ick buildings are used for this purpose, but should the present garrison (two companies) he maintained here, the approach of winter will necessitate a change. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &c. — Hospital consists of a building 80 by 20 feet, with a. small kitchen detached. It is a frame building, one story, with ridge ventilation and windows on either side. It is in fair repair, and well adapted to the wants of a temporary post. Post headquarters, company store-rooms, &c. — The building is 60 by 20 feet, divided into four apartments, two of which are used as post headquarters and two as company store-rooms. It is a woodeu building like the others. (ii'ARD-norsE is a one story frame building, 36 by 13 feet, divided into two apartments, in one of which two cells are partitioned oil'. It is insufficient in capacity, somewhat out of repair, and illy suited to the purposes for which it was designed ; but is made to answer indifferently well. Supply-depots, &c. — New York is the depot of supply for the Quartermaster, Commissary, and Medical Departments. Stores are received via Norfolk, Virginia, and three months" supply usually kept on hand. SunsiSTENCE. — Usually of an excellent quality and received in good condition. In the article of pork it has been observed for some time past that the barrels fall short in quantity uniformly from eight to ten pounds per barrel. PVEL, FORAGE, Ami WATER. — Fuel can be purchased in any quantity, and of good quality, at reasonable rates. Forage is received from Xew York, but could be had in abundance in this market, it is believed, at low rates. Water is supplied from a well inside the reservation — of most excellent quality, with slight excess of lime. COMMUNICATION. — By rail and telegraph with all sections of country. Preservation. — Consists of about six acres, in the form of a parallelogram ; it belongs to the State of Forth Carolina. It was used for military purposes by the confederate government when captured, and has since been occupied by the United States Government for military purposes— it never having been restored. It ij pleasantly and healthfully located. Description of COUNTRY, &C. — The country is rolling, mostly of granite formation, and free from marshes. The soil is a red clay with a mixture of sand, generally fertile and productive under moderate cultivation. Corn, oats, cotton, and tobacco are the great staples. Potatoes, beans, garden vegetables, and almost every variety of fruit grow in great abundance in this climate and soil. The timber is mostly oak and pine of large growth. Little attention has been given to the cultivation of grasses in this section, though a number of fields of fine clover (the result of recent enterprise) may be seen in this vicinity. Water is abundant and of excellent quality. The climate, both summer and winter, is pleasant and health- ful, of equable temperature, and live from malarial or epidemic diseases. 158 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. ROME ARSENAL, ROME, NEW YOKE. This arsenal is about, being abandoned and sold. FORT SANDY HOOK, NEW YOKE HARBOR. (Established April, 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 25, 1870, By WILLIAM FOSTER, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE OF FORT. Location. — North end of Sandy Hook, State of New Jersey. New York post office easiest of access ; distant about eighteen miles. Quarters. — Officers', none; men's, one two-story frame building, lt> by L6, used as quarters by the ordnance sergeant; in bad condition. Store-houses. — One two story frame building, 50 by 21, old, in tolerable condition ; used for ordnance stores. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are in New York City. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel and forage procured from New York when required. Water obtained by pumps at any place wanted. Communication. — By water in summer season ; .seldom accessible during the winter months on account of the ice. Description of country, &c. — The soil is an accumulation of sand, partially grown over with coarse grass and shrubs, together with cedar timber of good growth. Average temperature not known ; health of locality, {rood. Note. — The post next in order in the Department of the East is Fort Scarumel, Portland, Elaine. As extensive modifications are about to be commenced in these works, a description of present condition is deemed unnecessary. FORT SCHUYLER, NEW YORK HARBOR, (Established. — Date not known. Land supposed to have been .purchased from Abi.jah Hammond, inl824. Surveyed in 1823.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 28, 1870, BY SURGEON C C GREY, UNITED STATES ARMY; LIEUTENANT 1). M. TAYLOR, ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER AND ACTING ASSISTANT COMMISSARY OF SUBSIST ANCE; AND BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL .7. II. HASKIN, LIEUTENANT COLONEL FIRST UNITED ST A I I ARTILLERY. COMMANDING POST. Location. — Throw's Neck, on Fast Fixer, nearly northeast, and thirteen miles in direct line from City Hall, New York City. Post-office, West Chester; distance about four miles. Quarters. — Twenty rooms as officers' quarters, in casemate, stone, between 1 U by ISA and HU by 1 7A feet, painted ; condition good. One room 17.] by L8 feet, as library; condition good. Commanding officer's office in casemate, condition -nod: eight rooms as enlisted men's quarters, 1 7 A by L8 feet, casemates, painted, condition good. But these rooms, as also the officers' quar- ters, in casemates, are nearly always very damp. Post surgeon and one other officer occupy rooms in an old building, formerly a part of the McDougal general hospital. Pour small rooms as otli DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAEY POSTS AND STATIONS. 159 eers' quarters in brick building outside of fort ; officers' mess and kitchen in frame addition ; cook- houses and mess-halls for men are frame buildings, three in number, outside of fort. Respective dimensions, 1,368, 2,004, and 1,368 square feet. Store-douses. — One building' used for quartermaster and commissary store-house, frame, two stories, 2,437A square, feet capacity on each floor; other store-rooms in very damp casemates: ordnance store-rooms in casemates. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — L'ost hospital, one building, frame, painted, condition fair; 7,430 s*quare feet. Guard and prison rooms, south gallery, (cover face,) 1,34(4 square feet, condi- tion very damp; stable and harness-room, 1,3.57 square feet, condition fair, frame ; built from old materials. The other public, buildings are frame ones, used for the following purposes, and of tin- capacity set opposite: ordnance sergeant's house, 482 square feet; laundresses' quarters, 3,036 square feet; post bakery, 750 square feet; blacksmith-shop, 231 square feet; post chapel, 720 square feet; forage-house, 285 square feet; and carpenter-shop, 400 square feet; all in fair condition. Supply-depots, &o. — Nearest quartermaster's and subsistence depot. New York City, seven- teen miles distant ; route, East River; supplied quarterly. Subsistence. — Three months' supply kept on hand. Fuel, Forage, and water. — Amount of fuel and forage supplied from three to six months. The water is hard, but good and healthful. That tor drinking and culinary uses is obtained from wells, and distributed by a tank-wagon to the garrison : and from rain-water cisterns lor washing. When these latter are exhausted, well water, treated with a soda salt, is substituted. Communication. — A road to West Chester; the right of way to a country road, said to have been granted in the deed of this land or post ; no public conveyance to W r est Chester. A steamer lauds at Baylis dock, (just outside the, limits,) between 8 and 9 a.m. daily, (except Sunday,) for New York ; returning, leaves the city at 3 or 4 p. m. From Whitestone, and three-quarters of a mile across the East River, there is a railroad making several trips daily. Reservation. — About fifty-two acres. Description of country, &c. — The country about is slightly rolling, the soil not a rich one, (sand predominating,) but highly cultivated. Most of the cereals may be seen growing in the vi- cinity of the fort. The land being for the most part in the hands of wealthy men, the timber has been spared, and fine groves abound. All the common deciduous trees, indigenous to this part of the. United States, may be observed. The common grasses are also nearly all represented. Judg- ing from the appearance of the red clover the local conditions are not favorable to its growth. The average temperature of the post during the past year was 53° F. ; the average tempera- ture of the coldest month (February) was 27°.r>6; that of the warmest (June) 74°. The records of the post are incomplete as regards humidity, prevailing winds, barometric oscillation, &c. The trifling character of the affections originating here, (as shown by the sick report, and the tact that no death has occurred among the troops constituting the garrison tor more than three years,) and the notable exemption from cholera during the epidemic years of L866, 1867, &c, seem a sufficient guarantee of the general salubrity ^i' the locality. SCHUYLKILL ARSENAL, CLOTHING DEPOT, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. (Established about the year 1S00. A marble slat) in one of tin' storehouses hears the following inscription : •- U. S. Laboratory, A. D. 1800.") INFORMATION GIVEN OCTOBER 21, 1870, BY CAPTAIN V. VAN ANTWERP, MILITARY STORE-KEEPER UNITED STATES ARMY, IX CHARGE OF ARSENAL. Location. — At the intersection of Gray's Ferry Road and Washington avenue, in the city of Philadelphia, extending back to the river Schuylkill, from which the depot fakes its name. 160 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAEY POSTS AND STATIONS. Quarters. — At the northeast extremity of the grounds, ;i two-storj brick building, contain ing basement, four large chambers and attic, is the quarters <>f officers. This building, erected over fifty years ago, is, save the roof and floors, still in good condition. Immediately opposite, at the southeast extremity, is a building of the same character and in about the same condition. Store-houses. — There are live brick store houses, known as Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, and the new storehouse, of the following dimensions, viz : Nos. 1 and 3, 173 by 40 feet ; No. 2, 151 by 35 feet ; No. 4, 151 by 37 feet; uew store-house, forming three sides of a hollow square, 200 feet 9 inches in length and 150 feet in width. The open area between the two side buildings is 163 by 77 feet. Another brick and stone building known as the magazine, the upper story of which is used as a work-room, is 70 feet square. The above are all the buildings inside the walls used for the storage of property, and contain clothing, camp and garrison equipage. Outside the walls, but connected by an entrance, is a row of wooden sheds, 1,105 by 43 feet ; these sheds are used for the storage of knapsacks and quarter- master's stores. Immediately back of building No. 1 is a shed from which supplies are shipped on the Balti- more Railroad to points south. Back of No. 2 building, and joining it, is a wooden shed, 150 by 16 feet, used for the storage of tents. There are two other frame buildings, containing about six rooms each, occupied by employes whose duties require their presence at all times. The stable (frame) is iu good condition, and will accommodate fifteen horses. In tin' western extremity of the grounds is a large wooden building, 107 by 51 feet, the upper portion of which is used for the storage of light articles, such as drums, hats, and caps : the lower or ground floor for work-rooms. Fuel, forage, and water. — The depot is supplied with water from the city water-works. In case of fire the river in the rear affords an ample supply. There is also a large cistern, over which is erected a stationary engine commanding buildings 1. 2, 3, ami 1. Communication. — The Baltimore Railroad on the south and the Pennsylvania Railroad on the north afford every facility for shipments to all points south and west, while the distances to other depots is comparatively small, and can be reached in a half hour. A branch of the Balti- more and Pennsylvania Railroads, inside the walls in the former case and immediately adjoining in the latter, enables the supplies to be loaded in cars at the depot, saving the expense of cartage. A more advantageous site for a depot could not have been selected. [•(tin 1 SEWALL, MARBLEHEAD, MASSACHUSETTS, (Established, it is believed, in 1812; perhaps earlier.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE S3, 1870, BY PATRICK McDONALD, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE. Location. — Marblehead, Massachusetts, adjoining the town. Post-office is about half a mile from the fort. Quarters. — There are no officers' quarters, but there are three casemated rooms, 51 feet in length, 33 in breadth, and 8 feet high. There is also a bomb proof, 98 feet long, L2 feel wide, and 7J feet high. About 12 yards outside the gate there is a wooden barracks, constructed of poor material, and unfit for occupation'; il is :>7 feet long, 25 feet wide, and 1 1 feet high. It was blown down on the 8th of September, I860, and has not vet been adjusted. Supply-depots, &c. — Marblehead, Massachusetts. Subsistence.— Commutation. Fuel, forage, and water.— Fuel purchased in Marblehead. Forage not required. Water good, ami in casemates. Communication. — By rail and water. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 161 Reservation. — Something over half an acre. Description of country, &C. — The fort is surrounded ou the north, south, and east bj water; on the west there is a good road connecting the fort with the town. The country is rocky and uneven; where there is soil it is good. No timber; grass \ r. The climate is considered very healthy; average summer heat, 72°; average winter heat, 34 . SPRINGFIELD ARMORY, SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established by act of Congress, A. I). 1794.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 20, 1870, BY BEEVET COLONEL J. G. BENTON, MAJOR OF ORDNANCE, IN CHARGE Location. — City of Springfield, State of Massachusetts. Quarters. — Commanding officer's, one two-story brick, thirteen rooms, in good condition. Officers', double quarters, two-story brick, ten rooms each. new. Ordnance store-keeper and pay- master, one two-story brick, seventeen rooms, iu good condition. Master armorer, one two-Story brick, eleven rooms, in good condition. Clerks', four two story bricks, eleven rooms each, good condition. Foreman and laborers', one one-story, wooden, nine rooms, good condition. Store-houses. — One two-story brick, 704 by 55, used for storing lumber, rough stocks, and material required in the manufactures of the post : 150 feet of the east end of this building is used as a stable, with stalls for twenty-four horses. New arsenal, three story brick, 104 by 08 feet, used for storing finished arms in racks; capacity 300,000 muskets. East and west store house, two two- story brick, 120 by 34 feet each, general stores, ordnance, and ordnance stores. The other build- ings at the armory comprise the workshops, a part of which are located near the store houses and arsenal, and the remainder (called water-shops) about three-quarters of a mile to the south. All the buildings are within the city limits. Communication.— By rail with all parts of the country. Reservation. — Between two and three hundred acres. Description of country, &c. — Mean temperature for 18G9, 17 . FORT STANDISH, PLYMOUTH, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established in 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 27, 1870, BY MARTIN KEEFE, ORDNANCE SERGEANT, UNITED STATES ARMY, IN CHARGE. Location. — Tour miles from Plymouth by water and twenty -four miles by land. Nearest post-office, Plymouth, Massachusetts. Quarters. — One wooden building barracks, requiring repairs. The barracks will contain one hundred men. The officers' quarters are built of wood, containing six rooms, in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One hospital, requiring repairs. One guard-house, requiring repairs: both built of wood. Supply-depots, &c. — Fort Independence, Boston Harbor, .Massachusetts. Subsistence. — Commutation of rations from Fort Independence, Massachusetts. Fuel, forage, and water.— Fuel supplied from Plymouth. Massachusetts. Water sup- plied by a well at the post. Reservation. — Two acres. Description of country, &C — Nearly all sea-coast land: is not good— verj sandy. No timber near the post ; grass good: climate very healthy. 21 102 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AXI> STATIONS. FORT SULLIVAN, EASTPORT, MAINE. (Established, date unknown. Was occupied and captured by British navy in Isil-; restored to the United States in 1818.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 24, 1870, BY MAJOR GEORGE P. ANDREWS, FIFTH UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — Between Adams street, (north,) Sullivan street, (south,) Water street, (east.) and High street, (west,) Eastport, Maine. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, one ground floor cottage, built in 1813, now in a general state of decay and unfit for a dwelling. It is 38 feel front by 20 feet width, -with two sheds attached to rear; it amounts, by liberal construction, to the quarters of a captain ; material, wood ; is occupied as quarters. One wooden house, L32 by 21 feet, used by officers of the post. This house is very old and rotten, but the roof is not leaky, and may last two or three years if repairs are made regularly. Two buildings of wood are occupied as laundresses" and ordnance sergeant's quarters. One is 68 by 35 feet, the other 3.3 by 20 feet ; both are good houses and will last a long time. The wooden barrack of the soldier is 91 by 30 feet ; it is in good condition and quarters one company. The mess-house and kitchen is 50 by 20 feet; in good order. Store-iiousls. — One old blockhouse, built of wood, 30 by 30 feet; was built by the British. It is still good for storing ordnance stores, carpenter's workroom, coal-house, and as a receptacle for odds and ends. One wooden house, 51) by 20 feet, is used as a quartermaster and subsistence store, and is in good condition. Hospital, guard-hoi se, &c. — The hospital is a wooden building, 50 by 30, one story and basement; it is in good condition and large enough for all probable wants. The guard-house, of wood, is 30 by 25 feet ; condition good. The bake-house, of wood, is 25 by Hi feel ; condition good. The stable, of wood, one and a half stories, is 50 by 22 feet, and in good condition. The old stable, 18 by 18 feet, of wood, is decayed and worthless. The old magazine, of stone, 14 by 18 feet, is unsafe, and not used for more than two barrels of powder. The engine-house, 20 by 14 feet, of wood, is decayed but serviceable. The commanding officer's office and library building is of wood, one and a half stories, 28 by 20 feet, built three years ago; it is leaky, rickety, and very badly built. Supply-depots, &c. — The post is supplied by a line of steamers from Boston, Massachusetts. Quartermaster's supplies are obtained, when approved, by requisitions on chief quartermaster fourth district, Department of the East, whose office is in No. 1' Bulfinch street, Boston. Subsistence. — Stores are obtained by requisitions through the chief commissary Depart- ment of the East, New York City. They are. either sent here or purchased after advertising. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel and forage are obtained in Eastport by contract; water by two wells in the post. Communication. — steamers to Portland and Calais, Maine, and St. John, New Brunswick : schooners to New York, Boston, aud many other ports; stages to Calais and Machras, Maine ; telegraph to Calais and Boston. Reservation. — Eight acres, more or less. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C. — This post and town are on .Moore Island, I'assamaquoddy I'.ay. The land is rolling; low hills; soil moderately good; rock granite; timber, spruce and pine, all small; productions, hay and potatoes. The island is four miles long from east to west. connecting with mainland by a bridge at the west. The town has some live thousand inhabitants. The principal interest is fishing. The harbor is line. No vessel can enter it without crossing the boundary line between the Dominion of Canada and the United States. The climate is mild in summer but severe in winter. Average summer temperature, about G4° F.; average temperature in December, January, and February, about 20° F. The post and town are. in the estimation of the commanding officer, Major Andrews, unhealthy, lie formed his opinion from noting that during the last year more of the inhabitants of Eastport died than the whole number of deaths in Key West, Florida, during the year 1867, which included a season of yellow fever. There were, however, no deaths in the garrison. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATION-. 163 FORT TRUMBULL, NEW LONDON HARBOR, CONNECTICUT. (Established originally in 1777. In 1S12 the work was remodeled. This stood until 1839, when it was demolished to make way for the present work, which was begun in that year and com- pleted in 1810.) INFORMATION GIVES JUNE 29, 1870, BY BKEVET COLONEL F. 1.. GI ENTHEK, CAPTAIN, FIFTH UNITED STATES A.ETILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location.— The fori is situated on a poiut of land on the west side of the Thames River, and seven-eighths of a mile directly south of the city of New London, Connecticut. Nearest post- office, New London, Connecticut. Quarters. — The officers' quarters are exterior to the fort, and consist of one stone building, containing two stories of assignable quarters, together with basement and attic, the kitchens being in the basement. There are practically four separate houses, each containing four assignable rooms, and having (each house) a total of 1,15G superficial feet floor surface. They are in g I condition. The quarters for enlisted men are also exterior to the fort, and consist of one stone building, to which au equal addition of wood was made during the late war. These are in good condition, and contain 5,250 superficial feet floor surface: company kitchens are in basement. There are also four small cottages exterior to the fort, 18 by 24, having each four rooms and 800 superficial feet floor surface, and are intended for ordnance sergeant, hospital steward, and company laundresses. In addition to these there are eight casemates in the fort finished for quarters for officers or men. Store-houses. — There is one wooden building used for quartermaster and commissary stores. and office of post quartermaster and assistant commissary of subsistence. It is 24 by 00, with an available basement under one-half of it, and contains 3,100 superficial feet floor surface ; it is in good condition. There is one brick building, 16 by 30, having 600 superficial feet flooring, and in good condition ; used for storage of ordnance stores. There is one wooden building, also used for ordnance stores. 20 by 50, having 975 superficial feet flooring. This is in poor condition. Hospital, uuakd-hoise, &C. — The original hospital built for the post is of stone, 25 by 64, containing 1,550 superficial feet floor surface, of dispensary and ward. The kitchen and store- rooms are in the basement, and contain an equal amount of floor surface. During the late war a wing of wood was added, containing 2,100 superficial feet floor surface. The whole is in g I condition. The guard-house is of brick, 16 by 3D, with COO superficial feet floor surface, and is in g 1 condition. There is also an old wooden building, in poor condition, used as carpenter, blacksmith, and paint shop; it is 20 by 'ill. Supply-depots, &C. — New York City. Route of supply, New York and New London steam- ers, via Long Island Sound, during the entire year. Subsistence. — Amount of subsistence stores usually kept on hand is six months' supply. Fuel, fokage, and water. — Fuel and forage are obtained by post quartermaster by con- tract. Water is obtained from wells and cisterns at the post. Communication. — Means of communication between post and city of ~Sf\v London is by wagon-road and barge. Reservation. — The extent of the land appertaining to Fort Trumbull, belonging to the United States, is 13i acre.-. DESCRIPTION of COUNTRY, &C. — Fort Trumbull is located near the mouth of the Thames River, a navigable stream some fifteen miles in length, with a railroad on either bank. At the head of navigation is the city of Norwich, an enterprising town largely engaged in iron and other manufactures. The Thames is the natural commercial outlet of a hack country filled with cotton, woolen, and paper mills, and rich in fine farms that contribute all kinds of produce to the .ureal markets. The city of New Loudon is a town of considerable thrift and wealth, and the country immediately surrounding the post is thickly settled, with excellent farming and grazing lands and 164 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) .STATIONS. well timbered ami watered country in rear. The land is generally hilly and interspersed with rocky ledges, many of which furnish excellent stone, chiefly either pure or bastard granite, and suitable for building aud other purposes. The appearance of the surrounding' country indicates considerable wealth, prosperity, and industry among its people. The climate is salubrious; the winters comparatively mild ; the .summers not exceedingly hot; the atmosphere, especially in summer, quite humid ; the locality healthy. Average range of ther- mometer during a year, 47°. FORT WADSWORTH, NEW YORK HARBOR. (Established. — Actual date unknown ; was used as a military station prior to the war of L812. INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 25, 1870, i;t BREVET MAJOR GENERAL JOHN M. BRANNAN, MAJOR FIRST UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location.— In the ninth ward of the village of Edgewater, Richmond County. Staten Island, New York, ten miles from New York City. Post-office at Stapleton, two miles from the post. QUARTERS. — New and convenient quarters for officers are now being provided : a portion are already finished and occupied, while others are about to be commenced. The officers' quarters are frame buildings, as are also the old ones. When all the former are completed they will provide for one Held officer, one surgeon, one captain, and four subalterns. The soldiers are quartered in the lower tier of casemates, in the south flank of Fort Tompkins. These form excellent quarters for the troops, being of large size and convenient to each other. STORE-HOUSES. — There, are no regular store houses at the post : the lower tier of casemates of the north flank of Fort Tompkins are used as such. Capacity ample, and condition good, except that their excessive dampness is liable to injure the. stores. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &c. — Hospital, a frame building, is new and commodious, and has a capacity for twelve beds. One of the casemates at Fort Tompkins is used as a guardhouse, and the one immediately adjoining it serves as a prison-room. There are several frame buildings at the post, -which are used for stables, storage of forage, lumber, carriage house, &c. There are also some small frame buildings which are occupied by laundresses, affording them vers satisfac- tory quarters. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster and subsistence depots are at New York City. Stores and supplies are landed at the post by Government steamer, at nearly all seasons. SUBSISTENCE. — The amount of subsistence kept on hand very rarely exceeds that of the cur- rent quarter. FUEL, FORAGE, USD w ATER. — Fuel and forage are obtained from the quartermaster's depot at New York. Water is obtained from wells and cisterns at the post. Communication. — Communication is had by horse-cars with the village of Clifton, and thence by the Staten Island ferry with New York City. RESERVATION. — About KM) acres are reserved. Description of country, &c. — Most of the surrounding country is timberlaud; south of the fort there is a salt meadow ; the waters of the New York Narrows form one of the boundaries of the reservation. FORT WARREN, BOSTON HARBOR, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established 1861.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 27, L87U, BY MAJOR T. SEYMOUR, FIFTH UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. LOCATION. — (In Saint George's Island, seven miles south of east from Boston. The nearest post office is Hull, two miles distant, but the garrison procures its mail from Boston. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY Posts AND STATIONS, 165 Quarters. — For officers — casemates, fourteen in number, each containing four rooms, of which the front and rear are 15 by 19 feet, and two small intermediate rooms are each 7 feet 6 inches by 10 feet. Ten of these fourteen casemates have basements similarly arranged, used for kitchens and dining-rooms ; the other four have but one floor. They afford convenient room for the officers of three companies in peace; during war those of a regiment could be crowded into them. They are as well arranged and as comfortable as casemates can be made, and are in good condition, except thai the rear rooms all leak badly, and in damp weather the basements are exceedingly wel from condensed moisture. For men — casemates. Five are 17 by 50 feet and ten are 17 by 28 feet, just sufficient for three companies in peace ; in war for a regiment. They are well ventilated, cool in summer, warm in winter, and as convenient as need !>:•. The kitchens arc in three casemates ; very unsatisfactory for want of convenient arrangement. There is but one permanent privy for the men, which is kepi closed in summer on account of its offensiveness, (the result of bad drainage ;) and a temporary privy outside, and 4(10 yards from one of the companies, is made use of. Xo urinals are provided. The want of these essential appendages to men's quarters is the cause of much inconvenience Store-houses. — Quartermaster's Department — casemates. No. 1, 34 by I6i feet; No. 2, 24 by 19 feet, and two basement rooms, fused for condemned stores chiefly,) each 17 by 15 feet. Subsistence Department — casemates, lour in all : one for small stores, l,; by 32 feet; one for dry stores, 45 by Hi feet, (capacity, 300 barrels;) ■ for wel stores, :;i by 18, (capacity, 200 bar- rels;) and one neat room, 17 by 18 feel — all in good condition. Hospital, guardhouse, &c. — The hospital is a single casemate, 38 by 54 feet, originally designed for a post chapel, ii will contain thirty beds, and is well adapted to the purpose, save in one vital respect that cannot lie remedied — that as there is only a single ward, the dying are too closely in contact with other patients. The dispensary, kitchens. &c, are all that could be desired. The guard-house is a casemate built into the cover lace near the wharf, and on the exterior of the work, and consists of two rooms, each 11 by 1G fed, with an intervening hall 10 feet wide. The prison-room is in an underground gallery in the same' cover-face, but in front of the main gate and 100 yards from the guard-rooms, and it is well arranged for the purpo The stable is a new frame building, 28 by 39 feet, outside the work, tt contains stalls for seven animals and storage lor about Km hales of hay. Laundresses' quarters, three temporary one-story frame buildings of the slightest construction, averaging 24 by 100 feet, placed outside the work, of sufficient capacity to contain twelve families. Chapel, (casemate,) 17 by 50 feet, con- veniently arranged for an audience of one hundred. Library, billiard-room, and carpenter- shop, (casemates,) each 17 by 50 led. The engineer buildings consist of a large barrack, a stable, store- house, carpenter-shop, and stone shed, (live in all.) all frame buildings, mostly old and falling to pieces, and exterior to the work. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermasters supplies are purchased by a-: ml quartermaster in Boston upon quarterly requisitions. SUBSISTENCE. — Supplies are furnished from New York Citj once in three months, except that six months' supply is usually sent at one time for winter use. Fuel, forage, AND WATER, — Fuel and forage are contracted for in Boston and supplied — the fuel yearly, the forage quarterly. There is sufficient water ordinarily on the island in cisterns and wells, but with a war garrison these supplies do not always suffice, and water must be brought from Boston. Co^diuimicatiu^. — At present by row-boat to Hull; thence, during summer, by steamer to Boston. Great inconvenience is experienced by the garrison, as its supplies of marketing. &c, are too great to be so transported. Sometimes one of the two Government tugs belonging to the Engineer Department in this harbor runs on three days of each week, but at present this is not the ease. Lesekvation. — The extent of Saint George's Island, 28 acres. The fort and its out works cover ISA acres of this. Description of country, &c. — The parade is 38 feet above the sea. The mainland is dis 166 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. taut about six miles, the coast ltne being about 225° of a circle, described with that radius about Fort Warren as a center. The intervening space contains numerous small islands. The climate is damp, foggy, and dis: ' . but extremely healthy. The prevailing com- plaints are rheumatism, pneumonia, and diseases of the air-passages. There are no endemic or malarial diseases. Average temperature in 1869, 53 . In comparison with the climate of Bostou, that of Fort Warren is about 10° warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Amount of rain in L869, 37 ,\ inches. Usual winds east and northwest. WASHINGTON ARSENAL, WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. (Established. — There are no documents on file here, or at the Ordnance Office, to indicate the precise time at which it became an arsenal. As early as 1803 it was a military station, and in August. 1 807, it is known that smith's and carpenter's shops were here. It is also known that powder was stored here in 1812. In January, 1813, it is first mentioned as an establishment.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 27, L870, BY BREVET MAJOR JOHN R. EDIE, JR., CAPTAIN, ORDNANCE DE- PARTMENT, IN CHARGE OF ARSENAL. Location. — The post is situated at the southern extremity of Four-and-a-half street, Wash- ington, on what is known as Greenleaf's Point, at the junction of the Eastern Branch with the Poto- mac River. Quarters. — Barrack, one brick building is used as a barracks; it is two stories and base- ment in height, 84 feet in length, and 20^ feet in width; it contains eight rooms used as dormitor- ies, besides a mess room, bath-room, and kitchen in the basement ; the dormitories are warmed by stoves and lighted by candles. The company kitchen is in the basement of the barrack building : its dimensions are 22 feet in length, 19 feet in width, and 8 feet in height ; it contains one large range for cooking, for one hundred and fifty men if necessary, and the necessary cooking utensils. The company mess-room is also in the basement, is 4(> feet in length, 22 feet in width, and 9 feet in height : it contains six tables and six benches, and has a seating capacity of one hundred men. Officers' quarters — four buildings are used at present as officers' quarters. They are built of brick, plain finish, two stories in height, 63 by 30 feet; they contain eight rooms each, the average di- mensions of which are I'd feet long, 15 feet wide, and 12 feet high; one entire building is allowed to each officer; they are heated by stoves, lighted by gas, and ventilated by the ordinary windows. Each house contains a water closet and bath-room, and has hot and cold water throughout. The building for the commanding officer has just been completed and is not yet occupied; it is three stories and basement in height; it is built of brick, and contains all the modern improvements, gas, hot and cold water, three bath-rooms, range, and electrical call-bells, &c. The. height of the different stories is as follows: basement, 7 feet ; first story, 13g feet; second story, 12 feet, and third story. 1 1 feet. The average dimensions of the rooms are 24 by 18 feet. The parlor is -10 by IS feet. Storehouses. — There are five ord ice store-houses at the post: they are built of brick, two stories each in height, and average 189 by 52 feet ; they are used for the storage of ordnance ami ordnance stores. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — The hospital is built of brick, and is two stories and base incut in height ; it is in good repair. The wards are warmed bj stoves, ventilated by windows at either end of the wards, and lighted by gas. The capacity of the wards is live beds, with a super licial area of 74.S square feet, and a space p sr bed of 7 IScubic feet. The guardhouse is built of brick, anil is one storj in height, 30 b\ 25 feet, with an extension L2 by 29 feet, in which are contained the cells — two in number. The interior contains one room. 12 feet high, 2G by 21 U'ci, with a capacity lor ten men. The cells are each 10 feet high, 12 by 12 feet, witli a | between I feet in width. The large room for t lie guard is warmed bj a eoal-sto"S e and ventilated b\ four v. indow S. The cells are ventilated bv a skylight in the roof. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 167 The stable is of brick, two stories in height, 7;; bj 10. In the basemen! are six stalls, each !» by 5 feet, which are used for the cows. On the main floor are twenty-four stalls for horses, each stall being 12 by "> feet : they are arranged in two rows of twel The upper floor is used as a storeroom. Supply-depots, &c— For Quartermaster's Department, Washington City, District of Columbia. Subsistence.— For commissary and subsistence stores, Washington City, District of Columbia. Fuel, forage, and water.— The supply of fuel is ample, and consists of anthracite coal, and oak or other hard wood ; it is obtained monthly by requisition On the acting assistant quar termasterat the post. The supply of forage is ample, and consists of oats, hay, and straw; it is obtained monthly by requisitions on the depot quartermaster. The depot is supplied with water from the city water-mains, and from wells on the posl : the quality is good and the supplj abundant; it is distributed bj lead pipes throughout most of the buildings at the post. Communication.— Wit Inn the limits of the city of Washington, Districl of Columbia. Reservation.— The original site was known on the plot of the city of Washington as reset vation No. 5, and was designated, in addition to its number, as the fort at Greenleaf's Point, and was bounded on the north by south T street. The northern portion was appropriated for the use of the United States penitentiary, in pursuance of the act of Cougress dated May I'd. 1826, but it reverted again to the arsenal during the recent war. In pursuance of an act of March :;, 1857, the site of the arsenal was enlarged by the purchase of the land lying between the Potomac River, James' Creek, and south I' street. The whole tract now consists of 69 acres. Description of Country, &c— The surrounding country is hilly and Hilling; the soil is moderately productive ; a few of the principal productions are vegetables of various kinds, and wheat, oats, corn, rye, hay, straw, &c. Woods are abundant, and consist principally of white oak. post oak, red oak, Spanish oak. beech, hickory, poplar, honey locust, black oak. persimmon, sassafras, mulberry, sycamore, &c, besides a great variety of smaller trees, shrubbery, &c. The above timber is found in ample quantities, and the quality is good. Grass is grown in large quantities. ami the quality is good. The climate is changeable, but mild. The health of the city and stir rounding country is good. No meteorological observations are made at present, there being no means at the post for making them accurately. FORT WASHINGTON, MARYLAND. (Established in the latter part of the seventeenth century ; blown up in 1^1 1 : rebuilt in i - INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 29, ism. BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL A. P. HOWE, MAJOR FOURTH ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. LOCATION. — Located on the. Maryland side of the Potomac River, fourteen miles below Wash ington, District of Columbia. Post-office at the post. Quarters. — Officers': Two sets of brick; one set, '.»i by 23; the other, 50 by 30: three sets, of wood, 44 by 32. Men's: One set, of wood, 162 by 24. and one set, of brick. 82 by 25. Laun- dresses': One building, of wood, 103 by 17. Hospital steward's: One building, of wood, ."nl by 10. Store-houses. — Quartermaster: One building, of wood, 02 by 32. Commissary: One build- ing, of wood. 40 by 22. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &C— Hospital : One building, of wood, 82 by 24. Stable: One building, of brick and wood, 44 by 31. Guard-room, none : casemate used for that purpose. Supply-depots. &c. — Washington, District of Columbia. Subsistence. — Furnished on quarterly estimates. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel and forage furnished by contract. The supply of water is furnished from cisterns and the Potomac River. Tn the summer season the supply of water is almost entirely drawn from the river. 168 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Communication. — Alexandria, Virginia, is the nearesl town, and the communication is by water. Reservation. — Fort Washington comprises an area of 1.3 acres, over a portion of which the jurisdiction has been ceded to the United Stales. Description of country, &c. — Face of country rolling; soil fertile, with light productions from bad cultivation; produces grain, grass, and tobacco, with a fair supply of oak and pine timber of good quality. The average temperature for the year is 56°. The latitude of Fort Wash- ington is 38 c 54'. The records show the health of the localitv not good. WATERTOWN ARSENAL, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established. — It is supposed that this arsenal was commenced under the act of April 23, LS08, as the first building was completed in 1810.) INFORMATION GIVEN SEPTEMBER 17. 1870, BY C. I". KINGSBURY, LIEUTENANT COLONEL OF ORDNANI E, COMMANDING ARSENAL. Location. — Watertown, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, about six miles west of Boston. The nearest post-office is Watertown. The grounds include 100 acres, and are bounded on the smith side by the Charles River. The track of the Boston and Albany Railroad passes about loo yards south of the river, and the line of the Watertown branch of the Fitchburgh Railroad runs a few yards north of the arsenal, with a station hard by. QUARTERS. — One set for commanding officer, Ot by -10, with a wing 47 by 30, two and a half stories, completed in 1S0C, (brick ;) two sets officers' quarters, two stories, each 30 by 40, with wing, (brick:) one set officers' quarters, two stories, 27 by 62, (brick;) one set officers' quarters, two stories, -!.'! by 33, [ wood ;) one men's barracks, two stories, 05 by 25, (brick ;) one men's barracks, one story, 08 by 21, (brick :) one men's mess hall, one story. 38 by 19, (brick.) and two cottages for married men. (wood.) StokE-IIOUSES. — Two arsenals or store houses, 124 by 34, (brick;) two lumber store-houses. 55 by 18, (brick ;) one implement, &c, store-house, 141 by 30, (brick;) one carriage store-house. L25 by 35, (wood ;) two laboratories, 75 by -0 and 75 bv 25, with two wings, 125 by 25, (wood ;) two magazines. 8!) by 35 and 30 by 20, (stone:) one iron and wood shop. 17o feet front, with two wings, each 250 by 50, (brick;) one smith-shop, •"•<>() by 56, (brick;) one iron and brass foundery, 71 by 30, (brick ;) one gas-house. 55 by 30, (brick;) one gasometer, octagonal. 50 by 50, (brick ;) one stable, 90 by 30, (brick,) and two coal-sheds, L57 by 20 and 60 bv 25, (wood.) HOSPITAL, <.i ARD-HOI ^e, &C. — One hospital, two stories, 05 by 25, (brick;) one guard and tire-engine house, 44 by 61, with wing, (brick;) one office, two stories. 05 by 21, (brick;) one hydraulic press house. 25 by 20, (wood ;) one testing-house, 35 bj 20, (wood,) and three reservoirs, (brick.) Supply-depots, &c. — Commissarj stores are mostlj purchased in Boston. Subsistence. — Supplies are usually procured from month to month. l-'i EL, FORAGE, AM) WATER. — Wood and anthracite coal are used as fuel, and are purchased in Cambridgeport in such proportions as are required. Forage is purchased in Watertown. Water is obtained from wells and cisterns, and in emergencies from the Charles River. COMMI NICATION. — The Boston and Albanj Railroad on the south and the Fitchburgh road on I he north. The latter, having a track entering the arsenal grounds, affords facilities for communi- cation in all directions. Heavy freight is sometimes shipped by the river to and from Boston. Reservation. — 'the land has been procured at differenl times by purchase from private individuals, jurisdiction having been secured by the usual State legislation. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is generally level or slightly undulating. The soil islighl and sandy, with a basis of gravel. \ ery little is produced except with great labor and high cultivation. Without a liberal application of fertilizers the land is unpro DESCRIPTIONS < >F MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 169 ductive. Wheat, Indian corn, hay, anil oats are, however, produced in small quantities. The principal fruits arc apples and pears. The climate, is of unusual seventy, and cold easterly winds prevail at intervals throughout the year. The temperature varies from about 10 c below zero to 103° above. Fires are required as early as September, and health and comfort suggest that the allowance of fuel be increased during that month. WATERVLIET ARSENAL, NEW YORK. (Established. — First purchased in 1813. Limits extended by other purchases in 1823, IS26, LS2S, 1833, 1859, 1861, 1867, and 1S69.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 9, 1S70, BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL P. V. HAGNER, COLONEL OF ORDNANCE, COMMANDING ARSENAL. Location. — Within the limits of West Troy, New York, on the bank of the Hudson Uiver. West Troy is the post-office. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, two buildings of stone, two stories each — for commanding officer and two juniors. One building, of brick, two stories, for one family, and for unmarried officers' quarters. Men's quarters, barracks for unmarried men, of stone, two stories and basement. Cottages ol brick, for married non-commissioned officers and privates: can quarter one hundred men and four- teen families. Store-houses. — Store-houses and shops for ordnance stores permanent and temporary. One si one arsenal, three stories and basement ; one brick arsenal, two stories and basement; one iron store-house, one story: one block of buildings, tire proof, of brick, for stores and shops; one laboratory, brick, one story; one store-house, brick, used for fire-engines and for quartermaster's and commissary stores and offices'; one brick artillery-implement store, two stories; two brick carriage and timber stores, two stories; three brick timber stun-, one story; one wood timber store, one story; one brick niter store-house, two stories; two stone magazines, separately inclosed; fourteen carriage sheds, temporary, wood; one laboratory, temporary, wood: one paint-shop, temporary, wood; one commanding officer's office, brick, two stories: and one chronoscope build- ing, frame, one story. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — One guard-house, brick, two stories; one hospital, brick, two stories and basement; two stables, brick, two stories: one wagon-shed, frame; and one tank- house for water-supply, frame. Supply-depots, &C. — New York City depots, one hundred and fifty miles distant by rail or water, SUBSISTENCE. — Subsistence stores usually purchased in Troy as required. Fuel, forage, and WATER. — Wood for fuel is obtained by teams from the neighborhood. Anthracite coal by boats entering the Hudson, by canal at Kondont, or at other points below; and bituminous coal by canal-boats through Syracuse, on Erie Canal. Sufficient hay for the wants of this section is grown in the immediate vicinity. Oats can usually be more advantageouslj pur- chased from dealers supplied by canal, but much also is grown in this neighborhood. Drinking- water is obtained from wells and cisterns. Uiver or canal water is pumped up into the tank-bouse, and thence distributed by pipes and hydrants for fire and household purposes, other than drinking. Gas is conveyed throughout the grounds and quarters. Communication. — Messenger wagon for packages. Horse cars and ferry to Troy and Albau . . RESERVATION.— Extent of public land about 106 acres. Jurisdiction granted by the State, except for lots last purchased. Description of COUNTRY: — Surrounding country thickh populated. Railroads running north and south on both sides of the river; also horse-railroad and turnpike-roads to Albany, Troy 170 DESCRIPTIONS OF .MILITARY POSTS AND STATION.-. and Colioes; steamboat for passengers and freight from Troy and Albany to New York City, and Erie and Champlain Canals run through the grounds. Record of the thermometer has been kept at the arsenal since L866, its position being outside of a north window and protected from the western sun. The highest temperature marked is 100° on the 13th, 14th, and 15th of July, 1SG8, and 00° ou the 25th of June, 1S70. The lowest temperature marked was 22° below zero on the 8th of February, 1S68, and IS below zero on the 21st of December, 1866. Usually each year the mercury falls below zero two or three times, (in December, February, and March,) remaining so for some hours; but such cold does not continue longer than two or three days at most. The river- is usually frozen to bear the heaviest teams for six or eight weeks; but last winter none ventured upon it, although it was sate for foot-passengers. The river closes in December and opens in January for a short time. Last year (an exceptional year) navigation was resumed for a few days more than once, after it was first suspended. A new wharf-wall is just completed along the river front, giving wharfage for a length of 850 feet, and a depth of s to 10 feet at low- water — as much as can be relied upon in the river- channel above Albanv. POST OF WILLETT'S POINT, NEW YORK HARBOR (FORT AT WILLETT'S POINT, LONG ISLAND.) Established 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 27, 1370, BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL IIENRY I.. ABBOTT, MAJOR OF ENGINEERS, COMMANDING FUST. LOCATION. — Mouth of Fast River, opposite Fort Schuyler, New York Harbor; latitude, 4(P 47' 2(1"; longitude, 5b. 55' of." west of Greenwich ; about twenty miles from New York City. Whitestone post-office. Quarters. — Permanent : One house for engineer of the fort; two double houses for officers of garrison; one house for officers' mess, (all completed ;) three barracks for troops, (under con- struction,) all wood, tilled in — stone or concrete foundations. Temporary : < >ld hospital buildings, now in ruins, built in 1864; all wood, without proper foundations or roofs. STORE-HOUSES. — Permanent: One quartermaster's store-house, one commissary store-house, one stable, one bake-house. Temporary: Old hospital buildings, in bad condition. The above do not include the buildings of the engineer depot, or those belonging to the fort under construction. The permanent buildings are of wood, with good shingle roofs ; capacity sufficient for a three-compauj posl ; foundations, stone. Hospital, guard-house, &c— Permanent : One excellent hospital; one excellent guard- house — all of wood, filled in -with brick. Capacity sufficient lor a three company post ; foundations, concrete or si '. Supply depots, &c. -Engineer depot for the Last, and engiueer and torpedo school of appli- cation. Subsistence. — Drawn from New York City or purchased by post quartermaster and com- missary. Amount for current issues kept on hand. Li EL, FORAGE, AND WATER. — Fuel drawn from New York City. Forage drawn from New- York Citj or purchased from vicinity. Good wells. Communication.— Ly boat ; also by Flushing and North Shore Railroad. Reservation.— Site purchased for fort, about 136 acres. Description of couni m . &c. — Fertile ; somewhat subject to fever and ague. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 171 FORT WINTHROP, BOSTON HARBOR, MASSACHUSETTS. (Established in L798. Lt was established b\ au act of the legislature of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, dated June 25, 1798 : Mien called ( lovernor's tsla INFORM VTIOIS GIVEN J UU I. IS". b\ .JACOB SWARTZ, ORDNANCE SERGEANT. I VITED STATES ARMY, l\ CHARGE. Location.— The fort is on Governor's Island, in Boston Harbor, two mile- east of Boston City, and separated by the main channel from Fort Independence, Castle Island, and is distant 760 yards. Nearest post office is Boston, Massachusetts. Quarters. — The officers' quarters consist of two frame buildings, one GO feel long, 25 feet broad, and 15 feet high ; two kitchens, one in feel long bj Hi led broad, and lOfeet.high; the other 28 feet long, Ki feel broad, and 10 feet high ; condition tolerable; occupied by the ordnance sergeant at the post. The other building is 10 feet long by 25 feel broad, and 10 feet high. One kitchen, 15 feel long, 1.0 feet broad, and 10 feet high; condition tolerable; occupied by the engineers. There is a building designated as adjutant's office, 30 by 15, and 12 feet high; condi- tion bad. The men's quarters consist of one frame building, 05 b^ 25, and 18 feel high. The laundresses' quarters consist of one frame building, 50 ff<'t long, 20 feel br I, and 10 feel high ; needs repairs. The tower or citadel is a granite building, 100 feel square, 15 feel high, (new,) casemate quarters inside. The engineer boarding-house is 110 feet long, !<> feel broad, and 20 feel high; is of frame, and iu a fair condition. Store-houses. — There is bui one store-house — frame buildiug, 50 feel square and 18 feel high ; condition tolerable; al present used by the engineers as a carpenter-shop and store-room. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, none. There is > guard-house, 20 feet long by 15 feet broad, and to feet high; occupied by the engineers. * One stable, a frame building of 50 feet long by 00 feet broad, and 15 feel high, and used for public animals by the engineers. Supply-depots, &c. — All articles of supply are obtained from Port independence. Huston Harbor. Subsistence. — The subsisteuce is received from Fort Independence, Boston Harbor, monthly. Fuel, FORAGE, AND WATER. — The fuel used consists of wood and coal, and is supplied from Fort Independence, Boston Harbor. Forage is not used except by the engineers. The water ior the post is furnished by four wells, and in the citadel by one cistern. The water supplied from the wells and cisterns is good. Communication. — The communication is with Boston City and Fori Independence bj water — in both cases by one row-boat only. Two miles to the city proper. RESERVATION. — It is not known if any reservation has been declared by the President. In 179S an act passed the senate and assembly of Massachusetts ceding the island to the United States. Description op country, &c. — Same as given for Fort Independence. F()KT WOLCOTT, NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND. (Established by the English before the revolutionary war. It has been rebuilt as *an earth-work by the Americans. The ruins of the original structure and of the earth-work remain.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 14, 1870, BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL HENRY J. HUNT, COLONEL FIFTH UNITED STATES ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — Haifa mile west of Newport, in Newport Harbor, which is the nearest post-office. Quarters. — One block officers' quarters, basement stone, upper part of wood; until recently used by the ordnance sergeants. Quarters sufficient lor two or three officers; much dilapidated, 172 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. but being put in order by the Navy, to which the posl has been recently transferred (it is under- stood temporarily) as a torpedo station. There are no barracks for soldiers. Store-houses. — One or two sheds for ordnance stores. These are being repaired, and new buildings or magazines, laboratories, &c, put up by the Navy. Hospital, guardhouse, &c. — None. Supply-depots, &c. — Before the place was tinned over to the Navy all supplies were fur- nished from Fort Adams. Communication. — By boat with Newport. Reservation. — Property of the Government. FORT WOOD, NEW YORK HARBOR. (Established, not positively known. Port built in L814, as shown by builder's stone, inserted over sally-port, bearing that date.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 37, 1870, in BREVET MAJOR C. I. WILSON, CAPTAIN, UNITED STATES \i,'\iy. COMMANDING POST. Location. — Situated on Bedloe's Island, New York Harbor, on the western side of the channel of the upper bay, at the distance of about one and a half miles from the New Jersey shore, and about two and a half miles in a southwesterly direction from the "Battery," New York City. New York City is the most convenient post-office. (Quarters. — Officers' quarters . Brady, Fort, Madison Barracks. Columbus Arsenal. Niagara, Fort. I letroit Arsenal. ( (ntario, Fort. Gratiot, Fort. Porter, Fort. Indianapolis Arsenal. Wayne, Fort. Mackinac, Fort. Wilkins, Fort. PORT BRADY, MICHIGAN. (Established. — Then' is a post retina on Qle dated April, L828. Old inhabitants say it was estab- lished in 1822.) INFORMATION GIVEN JL'Li 23, Id/O, IW I APTAIN R. II. OFFLEY, FIRST INFANTRY, COMMANDING POST- Location. — On Saint Mary's River, twenty-five miles from the mouth of Lake Superior, and iu the center of the village of Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan. Post-office address, Fort Brady, Sauit Ste. Marie. Michigan. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, frame-built, good, but of insufficient capacity for a two-com- pany post. Men's quarters, frame-built, good; also insufficient for a two-company post. No laun- dresses' quarters. Store-houses. — One large frame building, used as a commissary and quartermasters store bouse; dimensions, 81 by 20 feet. One large frame building, used as an ordnance store-house; dimensions, 81 by 20 feet. One magazine, built of stone ; dimensions, 20 by 17. Hospital, guard-house, &c.— Hospital, built of logs, old and much dilapidated; recently partially repaired ; dimensions,!;:; by 30. Guardhouse, new, and frame built ; dimensions, 20 by 24. Stables are frame-built, and of sufficient capacity. Si pply-depots, &C. — Detroit for quartermaster's stores, and Chicago for subsistence stores. Supplies are received in the spring and autumn. Communication by water. Subsistence. — One year's supply usually kepi on hand. Fuel, FORAGE, AND WATER. — Fuel and forage obtained on requisition from Quartermaster's Department. Water is obtained from Saint Mary's River, and of excellent quality. Communication. — By water to Marquette during navigation, and overland on snow-shoes during the winter. Reservation. — Declared a military reservation in L850 bj act of Congress approved by the 1 'resident. Description of coi ntry, &c.— Hilly; land tolerably fertile ; timber not verj large; locality healthy; grass is abundant ; the cultivation of vegetables requires considerable care. Tempera inic : average in summer, about 70- ; in winter, extreme temperature as low as 35 . DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 17.*) COLUMBUS ARSENAL, COLUMBUS, OHIO. (Established February 17. L8G3.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 24, 1870, To BREVET COLONEL JOHN Mi NUTT, MAJOR, ORDNANCE, DEPART- MENT, UNITED STATES ARMY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — Northeast of Columbus, Ohio, facing south on corporation line, distant about one mile from the post-office of Columbus, Ohio. Quarters. — Commanding officer's quarters, brick, two stories, area 73 by 40 feet, ten rooms; ordnance store-keepers quarters, brick, two stories, area 65 by 18 feet, eight rooms; men's quar- ters, brick, two stories, area 73 by 32 feet, eleven rooms, two of them being used tor a hospital; all the quarters in good condition. Store-houses.— Main building, brick, three stories, area ISO by 00 feet, with tower, five stories, area 34 by3J feet, used for storing ordnance stores and small quantities of clothing and sub- sistence stores. Artillery storehouse, brick, two stories, area 201 by 51 feet, for storing artillery, harness, &c. Magazine, brick, one story, area, 50 l>\ 33 feet, for storing powder. Two temporary store houses, frame, one story, each 100 by 5G feet, for storing ordnance stores; all the store houses in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c — Hospital, two rooms in barracks, 32 by L8 feet. Quard-hoi brick, one story, area 25 by 22 feet, one room and three cells. Office, brick, one story, 1 1 by 22 feet, two rooms. Stable, brick, two stories, 63 by 16 feet, containing nine stalls, carriage house, hostler's and harness rooms; wagon-shed, frame, 65 by 30 feet, attached ; all the above in good condition. St i'I'LY-depots, &C. — Cincinnati and Columbus, Ohio. Subsistence. — Subsistence supplies obtained yearly from depot at Cincinnati, Ohio, ex> fresh beef and flour, which are purchased as required at Columbus, Ohio. Fuel, forage, and water.-— Fuel, forage, and straw are pnrchased as required at Columbus, Ohio. Water obtained on post from wells and cisterns. Communication. — Communication between post, and Columbus, Ohio, carried on by means of messenger-wagon ; distance from post-office about otic mile. Reservation. — No reservation declared; ground consisting of 77|J acres, purchased from Robert Neil, of Columbus, Ohio. February 17, 1870. ' DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C— Surrounding country level, mostly under cultivation: soil, rich, producing corn, wheat, oats, &c. ; timber, good and plentiful; grass and water abundant ; climate, salubrious; temperature, moderate; health of locality, good. DETROIT ARSENAL, DEARBORNVILLE, MICHIGAN. (Established in 1835. INFORMATION GIVEN SEPTEMBER II. 1870~, \:\ CAPTAIN K. H.PARKER, ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT UNITED STATES iRMY, COMMANDING POST. Location.— Latitude 12.V-' ; longitudes;;.!. ; ten miles west from the city of Detroit, in the village of Dearbornville. Nearest post-office, Dearborn ville, .Michigan. QUARTERS. — For*ofiicers there are two, substantially built of brick, two stories high and base- ment, slate roofs, with piazza 10 feet wide on three sides, plain finish and painted ; they each contain twelve rooms, averaging 16 by 18 feet, and three attic rooms, averaging 10 by 12 feet. For enlisted men, one building, substantially built of brick, slate roof. 75 by 28 feet, two stories high an ment; capacity 100 men; plain finish ami painted. Store-houses.— There are three: 1st, arsenal, so called, 120 by 37 feet, three stories high, slate roof, with balustrade, basement, and attic: 2d, gun-shed, so called, 87 by 30 feci. story 176 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. high, slate roof, botb substantially built of brick, and painted — used for storage of ordnance and ordnance stores ; 3d, magazine, 07 by 22, well built and arched of brick, with inclosing wall 9J feet high, used for the storage of powder and fixed ammunition. Other buildings, erected for shops, are now also used as store-rooms for ordnance, subsistence, and quartermaster's stores. Hospital, guard-house, &c— Hospital, 44 by 2!) feet, built of wood and painted, situated west of Arsenal Square, one and a half stories high, three rooms besides the dispensary. Guard- house, at entrance gate of Arsenal Square, (which is inclosed b\ a brick wall and buildings,) ."»."> by 18 feet, built of brick, one story high, slate root' and painted ; one room used for office. Stable, in rear of Arsenal Square, two stories high, built of brick, shingle roof: first floor, stable in each end, carriage-house and granary in center: second floor, for storage of hay and straw. Three other wooden buildings near used as stables, barns, and wagon sheds. Three brick buildings, with slate roofs, 64 by 35 feet, built for shops; two enlisted married men's quarters, of the same materials, form a portion of the Arsenal Square. SUPPLY-DEPOTS, ° above to 20 c below zero: generally healthy. FORT GRATIOT, MICH K i AN. (Established May 11, 1814, by a detachment of Fourth United States Infantry.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 30, 1870, BY FIRST LIEUTENANT JOHN HAMILTON, FIRST INFANTRY, ACT- ING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER of THE POST. LOCATION. — Latitude, 420 yards south of the forty thiol parallel; longitude. 82 c 25' west; distant one mile northwest from thecityof Port Huron, Michigan. The nearest post-office is. at the village of Fort Gratiot, Michigan. Quarters. — < officers' quarters arc of sufficient capacity for the accomi lation of nine officers ; condition good. The condition of the men's quarters is also good, but the capacity is insufficient for the accommodation of the Dumber of troops at the post. All the quarters are of wood. Store-houses. — Two store-] ses at the post — one 81£ by 20J feet, one 20 by 10£ feet — in g I condition and of sufficient capacity for the storage of the necessary stores; both built of wood. The larger store-house is used as a quartermaster's and commissary store-room and office, and the smaller one as a quartermaster's stoic house, DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 177 Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &C— A post hospital, 50| by 30i feet, iu good condition, affording sufficient accommodation for the sick and necessary attendants'; material, wood. A guard-house, 30J by 20 \ feet, ('(instructed of wood, with two cells of brick attached, in good condition, affording a limited capacity for the accommodation of prisoners and necessary guard. .V barn and stable united, GOA by 41 feet, in good condition, with sufficient capacity for the storage of one year's supply of forage, and stabling for the accommodation of eighl animals; constructed of wood. A w len building, .'KM. by 20J feet, iu good order, used as the post commander's office. Supply-depots, &c— The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depot is at Detroit. Michi- gan. The route via, Grand Trunk Railway, also by boat on the Detroit and Saint Clair Rivers. Subsistence. — Supplies are generally received quarterly, and three months' supply of sub sistence stores are usually kept on hand. Fuel, forage, and water. — Fuel is obtained by contract; forage purchased as required; water is procured and conducted from Saint Clair River by pipes and hydrants : also obtained from cisterns built at the post. Communication. — Communication is had with the city of Port Huron, Michigan, by street railway. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is situated has been declared by the President. The original extent of the reservation was 600 acres, previous to grants made to the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and Port Huron Street Railway Company ; also a cemetery and park for the use of the city of Port Huron, Michigan. The extent of these grants is unknot u, the' reserve not having been surveyed since the grants were made. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is generally level or slightly undulating; the soil of a light sandy loam, producing chiefly hay, cereals, and potatoes; heavily timbered with excellent pine; the grass luxuriant, and water excellent. The climate is exceedinglj changeable; the average temperature in midwinter is l.v above and in midsummer 70 above zero. INDIANAPOLIS ARSENAL, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. Established in 1863.) [NFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 23, 1870, J'.\ BREVET MAJOK ];. M. till. I,. I \il\l\. ORDNANCE DEPART- MENT UNITED STATES ARMY, ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTEK OF THE POST. Location. — In the city of Indianapolis, and about two miles from the post-office. QUARTERS. — The quarters for officers and men are of brick and stone, in tine condition, and intended for two officers and fifty etdisted men. Store-houses. — There are three store-houses of brick and stone; one main store-house, 183 by 63 feet, three stories high ; one artillery storehouse, 201 by 52 feet, two stories high; one magazine, 50 by 33 feet, all in fine condition, and used for storing ordnance and ordnance stores. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Two rooms iu barracks are used for the hospital. The guard- house, at present, is a temporary one. The stable is new, and of brick and stone, with a capacity for ten horses. Supply-depots, &C. — Requisitions for quartermaster ami commissary stores are made direct on the heads of departments. Communication. — Thirteen railroads branch out from this city, making connections with roads running to all parts of the United States. Reservation. — The extent of the arsenal grounds is 7~> acres, purchased from private parties by I he United States. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country is well adapted to all kinds of agri- cultural purposes, and the forests abound with oak. black-walnut, anil poplar lumber. Health of locality good. 23 ITS DESCRIPTIONS <>!• MILITARY POSTS AM) STATION'S. FORT MACKINAC, MICHIGAN. Established. — Datenot known. The records of this posl were destroyed by lire some years ago.) INFOBMATION GIVEN .71 l.\ 21 I-;". BY HEEVEX MAJOE LESLIE SMITH, CAPTAIN, 111,'ST INFANTEY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — On the island of Mackinac, in the straits of the same name, connecting Lakes Huron and Michigan. The village of Mackinac, of about live hundred inhabitants, is situated immediately under llie lull upon which the fort stan Is. Post office in the village of Mackinac. The village of Cheboygan is southeast about eighteen miles. Q/trAEQ ers. — ( Ifficers' quarters — two buildings, on< of stone and divided iuto two sets of quarters, at present occupied by the commanding officer and his First lieutenant: this building' is 104 bj 31 feet, one story high with basement : condition good. The other building is a one story frame, and divided into two sets of quarters, at present occupied by the acting assistant surgeon of the post and the second lieutenant ; this building is 53 by 28 feet : condition very fair for an old building. Laundresses" quarters: A one story frame building, GO b\ in feet : it is divided into three sets of quarters, and at present occupied by the three laundresses of the company : this building is very old, but in fair condition. Men's quarters': A two storj frame building. 1 lo by 30 feet : the men occupy a room in the lower story. 47 feet long, the whole width, and the balance of (he lower story is divided into rooms and used as library, store room for clothing, camp and garrison equipage, &C. The upper story is divided the same as the lower: the large one having been occupied as a church, while this was a chaplain post; at present it is unoccupied. This building, after a new floor is put in the. inoifs quarters, will be in prime condition. Attached to the men's quarters is a one story frame, to by 111 feet, used as a mess-room and kitchen : this building is in good condition. STORE-HOUSES. — Three frame buildings — two one story, inside the tort — one occupied for sub- sistence and clothing, cam]) and garrison equipage; this building is 50 by 30 feet, and in good con- dition for a very old building: the other is used as a store house for quartermaster's stores; is 47 b\ 20 feet; this building is in good condition. The third is a two story frame building outside the fort at the foot of the hill, in the post garden : it is used tor the storage of subsistence stores, such as Hour, pork, &c, so thai the supplies may not all be in one building in case of lire during the winter months, when communication is cut off by the ice: condition very good. HOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — The hospital is a two-story frame building outside the fort, 4(i by -"'0 fed : is iii prime condition, and a verj fine hospital for a one-company post. Guard-house: A one-story frame building, •'!!) by 30 feet, is quite old, but with a new floor would be in good con- dition. Post bakery is a one-story frame building outside the fort, 25 by 17 feet; is in good con- dition and well adapted for the purpose. Stable, at the foot of the hill outside of the fort: this building is a two-story frame, -'!1 by 30 feet : the upper story is used for storing forage: is pretty old, but in lair condition. Carpenter-shop: A one-story frame building outside the fort, 30 bj 21 feet, in good condition. Post quartermaster and commissary officers: -V small one story frame building, 31 by 26 feet, in good condition. The magazine is inside the fort: this is a one story- stone building. .'Si' b\ 1'.") feet : it has been abandoned as a magazine in consequence of dampness, and one of three block houses converted into a magazine. This building may be used as a root- house, or for storing ice. Si PPLI DEPOTS, &C — Detroit, Michigan, route by water, and the season of supply from tin' l."»th of May until the 1st of November. Si BSISTENCE. — Oue year's supply of subsistence stores is usually kept on hand. l'i el, poeage, and u 'tee. — find is furnished b\ contract. Forage is supplied bj thechief quartermaster of the department from Detroit. Water is hauled from the lake, which keeps one man and horse employed constantly. There are four cisterns at the post, one in each set of the quarters occupied by the commanding officer, first lieutenant, and post surgeon, and one at the end of the laundresses' quarters, DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATION'S. 17!) Communication. — All commuuicatiou with this posl is by water. Reservation. — It is not known \\ nether the reservation on which I his post is situated has been declared by the President or not; l>ut being a very old one it is presumed it lias. It embraces about one-third of the island, and is of the extent of about two thousand acres. Description op country, &c. — The soil of the surrounding country is ofa gravelly nature; very little produce is raised, with the exception of potatoes. There is an abundance of beach and maple timber on the main-land niue or Ifii miles distance by water; grass is good on this island during live months of the year. The climate is very One, particularly the summer season, which is cool and invigorating; the winters are long, commencing about the end of October and ending about the middle of May; the lowest point the thermometer touched during last winter was 12 below zero, and the highest during the past year was SO . Average temperature for year ending June 30, 1870, 42°. Fuel is delivered at (his post by contract, (as before stated,) and is carried some fifteen or twenty miles by schooner from the main-land. POST OF MADISON BARRACKS, SACKETT'S HARBOR, NEW VORK. (Established. — The building was commenced August 1. LS16, and completed October, 1S19. Was erected by the Second United States Infantry — the first occupancy being by five companies of that regiment in the fall of 1810.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 22, 1870, BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL R. C. DUEYEA, CAPTAIN, FIRST VRTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — Situated at Sackett's Harbor, New York, on Black River Bay, south shore, about ten miles from Lake Ontario and three hundred and twenty miles from the Atlantic coast, in lati- tude 43° 57' north, longitude 76° 15' ; barometric height, 262 feet above the sea. It is about ten miles southwest from the city of Watertown, six miles southwest by south from the manufacturing village of Dexter, eight miles northwest from Adams Centre, and one quarter of a mile from the post-office, in the village of Sackett's Harbor. Quarters. — The officers' quarters consist of two stone buildings; area of each, 6,605 square feet. In inch building, thirty-four rooms, including kitchens, and over the rooms attics of the same dimensions. They are in very good repair, the ordinary wear and tear, such as painting, &c, hav- ing to be made good : they run southeast to southwest, fronting toward the bay. The soldiers' barracks consist also of two stone buildings, placed at right angles to the officers' quarters, one on each side; area of each S,790 square feet. They are so constructed as to accommodate lour com panics each, and over the rooms are allies, which can and have been occupied as laundresses' quarters. At the end of the southeast range is room for a tilth company, but the attics would require to be used as quarters. The ordnance sergeant' quarters is a wooden building, in a very dilapidated condition, not repairable, the frame-work rotten and worthless, consequently uninhab- itable. It is situated in the immediate vicinity of the ordnance stoic houses : area, 560 square feet. Quarters to accommodate four laundresses have been erected during the past year; they are of wood, containing eight rooms, each 12 by 12, but are without wash houses, which, if built, would make the houses admirably adapted to the purpose for which built. STORE HOUSES. — The quartermaster's and subsistence store-houses are comprised in one stone building; area, 13,705 square feet, situated close on the lake shore and fronting the officers' quar- ters—the parade-ground, 552 by 152, intervening. This building was erected in the years l838-'39, is well adapted to the uses for which originally intended, is of ample size to accommodate a full garrison, and is at present in good repair. The ordnance store houses consist of three wooden buildings in the northwest part of (he reservation ; their total area is 1,376 square feet. They are in very poor condition, very ill adapted to a post like this, and not worth repair-. Hospital, guard-house, &c— The hospital is a stone building, total area :;.:;i."> square feet, in which are twenty rooms, consisting of wards, kitchen, bath room, surgery, &c. It is situated at 180 DESCRIPTION'S OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. the northeast limits of the reservation, about 50 feet from the bay, and grounds (about three acres) hare, during the past year, been inclosed by a picket-fence, at a cost of $150. The building is at present in good repair, requiring painting throughout, authority for which has been received from the War Department. The guard-house and prison is a stone building, in very good condition ; area. '_'. 1 hi! square feet. It is very commodious. The prison-room is 32 by 20, and there are six cells, I by 9 each. The other buildings at the post are as follows, and are all in good condition, the magazine having been erected (of brick taken from that at the old fort — Pike) within the past year. The stable and barn may be said to be new, having been thoroughly overhauled: Carpenter-shop, wood. 24 by 30; mag- azine, brick, 20 by 1 t; smoke-house, stone, 17 by 15; stable and barn, wood, 40 by 18; coal shed, wood, 42 by 24 ; bake house, stone, 47 by 20 ; engine-house, wood, 18 by 25 ; blacksmith shop, stone. lit by 28; stable No. 2, wood, 45 by 51 ; wagon-shed, w 1, 64 by -1 ; ice house, wood, 32 by 16. Supply-depots, &C. — Supplies can be furnished from any of the lake ports as far west as Buf- falo, New York, bj water. Those recently furnished have been from New York City and Philadel- phia, Pennsylvania, by railroad to Watertown, and thence to the post by Government teams. SUBSISTENCE. — The subsistence at the post is good, and at a very reasonable valuation, and is principally purchased in open market in Watertown. Large quantities of gross stores, such as pork, beans, and peas, were left by the Forty-second Infantry in April. 1869. Considerable of the pork has been shipped to other posts dining the past year. Three months' supplies are kept on hand in summer, and six months' supplies secured for the winter season. Pi el, FORAGE, and WATER. — Fuel and forage can be obtained in any quantities and at a reasonable cost, and are procured under contracts made by the district chief quartermaster at Buffalo, New York. Water is obtained from the bay, there being no cisterns or reliable wells within the garrison. It is recommended as a matter of economy, to say nothing ot the manual labor and accidental loss by tire, that commodious cisterns be erected for each barracks. Communication. — Is by the way of Watertown by stage, ten miles, or Adams Centre; also by stage, eight miles, a railroad is projected to Watertown. which, it is believed, will be built within the next year. RESERVATION. — The reservation consists ill all of 35 acres,:! rods, and 20 perches; is surrounded on the land side by a strong stockade of cedar posts, pointed, erected in 1817, and was purchased in lots, costs unknown, as follows: First lot, quantity nAt known, July 1, 1813; second lot, quantity not known, December 1, 1814; third lot, quantity not known, April 3, 1815; fourth, two lots, quan- tity not known — these two lots are at Navy Point, in the village of Sackett's Harbor, New York — .May 4, 1810; fifth, 111' acres, October 0, 1816; sixth, 10 acres, March 28, 1817. DESCRIPTION of COUNTRY, &C— Around the post are most excellently cultivated farms, although of contracted area, furnishing everything necessary for a military post ; some of the farmers devoting their attention to milk, dairy, and cheese factories: others to the cultivation of hops, the former predominating; the grazing, however, is equal to the necessities, and troops can be supplied at this post as cheap, if not far cheaper, than at any oth»r in the Division of the Atlantic; timber is of good quality and in considerable quantity. The locality furnishes no disease not common to the lake region generally, such as catarrh, consumption, rheumatism, bronchitis, ami pneumonia. The following is taken from observations in 1869: Highest average temperature in August, C7 3 ..S0; in September, 83°; lowest temperature in December, 13°; yearly average, 43°.55; highest, 65°.91 ; lowest, 22 .:;."i; greatest amount of rain, October, 2.82 inches; lowest, January, 44 inches. Prevailing winds, January to March. November, and December, north and northwest; other months, south and southwest. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. ]S1 FORT NIAGARA, YOUNGSTOXE, N T EW YORK. (Established by the French (La Salle) in L67S. Captured '>> the English in 1759. Surrendered to and occupied by the United Stairs in L796.) INFORMATION GIVEN .ll'I.Y I A, 1870, BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL R. II. JA( KSON, CAPTAIN, FIRST ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — On the right bank of the Niagara lliver, al its mouth', in the town of Porter, county of Niagara, State of New York. Distance from Buffalo, thirty-six miles; distance from village of Toungstown, (nearest post-office,) one mile; distance from village of Lewiston, six miles: distance from city of Lockport, eighteen miles. Latitude 13 15' nortb ; longitude 3° 10' west. Quarteks. — Officers', stone building, two stories high, with light-house on top, 90 feel in length, and 48 feet wide, live rooms assignable as quarters, and five as kitchens. There are eighl small rooms or closets not assignable; building very old, the lower story built in the seventeenth century. It is utterlj nntit for officers' quarters. Men's, building made of brick, in gOQd repair, two stories high, I I I feet 6 inches long, and 2J feet wide; capacity for one hundred men ; well adapted for soldiers* barracks. Laundresses', and ordnance sergeant's, temporary frame building, in good repair, 51 feet ■■■ and 30 feet wide, six small rooms. Store-houses. — One building known as"old barracks,' 134 feel in length and 27 feel wide, used as quartermaster's store-house and office, in bad repair, and cannot be made any better. Stone building, four rooms are used as laundresses' quarters; total number of rooms, six. One building, known as southeast block-house, 36 feet square, two rooms and one loft, used as commis- sary store-house. Heavy stone building built for defence, very damp, not suitable for subsistence store-house. One building, known as northeast block-house, precisely similar to t lie one just described ; used as carpenter-shop and store room for lumber. Hospital, guard-uousr, &o. — Hospital, frame building; class temporary, 75 feet long and 26 feet wide; capacity for about twelve beds. Number of rooms eight; seven of them are very small; badly adapted for a hospital ; very cold in winter, and warm in summer. Guard-house, a new frame building, 32 feet long and 27 feel wide, six rooms and six small cells, in excellent order, and well adapted for a guard house. Barn and stables, a very old frame building, 50 feet in length and 30 feet wide, four rooms ; stabling for six horses, and storage-room for forage for them; in very bad repair. Post trader's store, an old wooden shanty. 30 feel long and L8 feet wide, two rooms and a closet, not worth repairing; should be torn down. Boat shed, an old unsafe wooden shed. 31 feet long and 1!> feel wide, recommended to be torn down. Bake-house, a frame building, 30 feet long and 20 feet wide, two rooms, in good repair. Old bake house, part stone and part wooden building, 38 feet long and 21 feet wide, two rooms; used in storing condemned ordnance stores; only refainel on account of its antiquity. Built in eighteenth century. Adjutant's office, an old tumble-down log building, 27 feet long and 18 feet wide, two rooms — unsafe; should be torn down. Magazine, a stone build- ing, 51 feet long and •">(> feet wide, oue room, iu very good repair — very much exposed. Capacity for the storage of 1,0(10 barrels of powder. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster's depol is at Buffalo, New- York; the nearest subsistence depot, Detroit, Michigan. Subsistence stores are usually purchased in the eit\ of Buffalo. The route of supply is by rail from Buffalo to Lewiston, New York, and by wagon from there to the post. Subsistence. — Supplied at all seasons, six months' supply of subsis stores usually kept on hand. Fuel, Forage, and water. — Fuel is purchased by contract — both wood and coal. The wood is cut in the vicinity of Youngstown, New York. Coal generally comes 1>\ schooner from Oswego, New York. Forage purchased by contract. On account of the large quantity of hay cut this year on the reserve a great saving of both hay and oats was made for the Government. Plenty of water. That for the men's barracks is pumped into the building from a well in the cellar: for all other buildings il is carted from the river. 182 . DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Communication. — Between the post ami Youngstown there is no conveyance; between Youngstown, Lewiston, and Lockport, by mail-wagon; and between Lewiston and Buffalo, by rail. Reservation. — It is supposed that the reservation has been declared by the President : it consists of 286 acres. DESCRIPTION OF COX NTRY, >\<'.— Northwestern New York is so well known that it is scarceh necessary to describe the nature of the country. The eastern shore of Lake Ontario, from the Niagara River to the month of the Genesee, for a width of seven or eight miles, is a rich alluvial soil, well adapted to agriculture; it is highly cultivated and yields large crops; it is a tine fruit growing district. Land in the vicinity of the post sells at from $150 to $200 an acre. The climate is good, a. little humid, and its average temperature 51°. It is much coolerin summer and warmer in winter than Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, or Albany; this of course is attributable to its situa- tion, as before described. The locality is very healthy — have not had a man sick enough to go iido hospital for the last six months, nor is there much sickness among the inhabitants of the con- tiguous villages. FORT ONTARIO, < >SWEGO, NEW YORK. (Established. — First built in 1755. Captured by the French under Montcalm in 17-Vi: rebuilt by General Amherst in 1700. Transferred to the United States in 1 798. Captured by the English fleet in 1814; rebuilt with wood in 1839; commenced to rebuild with stone in 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN JUNE 23, 1870, BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL \V. SILVEY, CAPTAIN, FIRST ARTILLERY, COMMANDING POST. LOCATION. — On the right bank of Oswego River, at its mouth, on a bluff, some fifty feet above Lake Ontario : situated in the city of Oswego. Oswego County, State of New York. The city has twenty-five thousand inhabitants, and is built on both sides of the Oswego River — two large bridges connecting the portions of the town. The post-office is Oswego, New York. Quarters. — Officers' quarters, within fortification, two two-story buildings, built of blue sand- stone, in good repair, containing each eight apartments of the following dimensions: Two rooms. To l'eet (i inches by 1 I feet 8 inches; two rooms, is fed 6 inches by 1 t feci o' indies; two rooms. 17 feet .'! indies by 15 feel (> inches; two rooms, 1;) feel l!) inches by 15 feet 10 inches. Exterior dimensions of each building, 43 feet 1 inch by .".7 l'eet 1 inch. Men's quarters, within fort ideation, one two story building, built of blue sand stone, in good repair, contain four apartments; first room, 27 feet 5 inches by 24 feet I inches; second room, ."><> feet by 1*7 feet 7 inches; third room. .">•"> feet by 27 feet «.) inches; fourth room, 35 feet by :l~, feet in inches. Exterior dimensions, ill feet 9 inches by 39 feet. Laundresses' quarters, without fortification, one one storj wooden building, containing one apartment, in good repair, 1!» feet •'! inches by 1!» fed ."> inches; one wooden shed attached to the above, containing one apartment, 18 feet by 1 1 feet. Exterior dimensions, to feet (> inches by 31 feet 6 inches. One one story stone building, in good repair, coutaius four apartments ; first apart meat, 15 l'eet 11 inches by 11 feel 7 inches; second apartment, 17 feet 2 inches by 13 feet ; third apartment, !» feel 1>\ s feel '2 inches; fourth apartment, 17 feet ."> inches by 13 l'eet 7 inches. Exterior dimensions, '■'<{ feel •'! inches bj •">-' feel ."> inches. One one story wooden building, in good repair, contains three apartments ; first apartment, Hi feel S inches by 7 i\-i'\ L0 inches ; second apartment, 11 feel 5 inches by Hi feet 10 inches ; third apartment, 16 feet 3 inches by 9 feet •"> inches. Exterior dimensions, 20 feel 1 inches by 27 feet '■', inches. One one-storj wooden building, unoccupied, in u 1 repair, contains three apartments; first apartment. 1!' feet !<• inches In 17 feet; second apartment, 11 feet I inches by 17 feet ; third apartment, 13 feet 6 inches bj 17 feet. Exterior dimen- sions, I.") feel in inches by 17 feel in inches. Ordnance sergeant's quarters, outside fortification, one one-storj wooden building, in good repair, containing three apartments; first apartment. 10 feel 10 inches by 1 7 feet 3 inches ; second apartment, 12 feet 1<> inches bj 17 feel 3 ; third apart men l. II feet 8 inches by 17 feel 3 inches. Exterior dimensions, 36 l'eet s inches by 18 feel *> inches. Shirk iti >t sks. — On el wo si or \ building — commissary store house, guard -house, and quartermas- DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 183 ter's office, within fortification, built of blue sandstone, and in good repair, contains seven a purl incuts; first room, 12 feet 5 inches by 9 feet I iucli; second room, 1:.' feel 5 inches by 6 feet 1 inch : third room, 15 ted !i inches by 1:-' lie! !> inches: fourth room, Hi lid by 12 feel 7 inches; fifth room, 15 feel !» inches by 12 feet 7 inches, used as guard house, prison room, &c. : sixth room, 26 feet s inches h\ 23 feet '.» inches, used as commissary store rooms; seventh room. 26 feet S inches by 15 feet 7 inches, used as quartermaster's office, Exterior dimensions of building, 13 feet •"> inches by 30 feet. Quartermaster's store house, carpenter and bake shop, outside of fortification, one one- story wooden building, in good repairs containing three apartments, as follows: first apartment, 21 feet 1 inch by I!' feel •'! inches, used as quartermaster's store-houss; second apartment, 21 I 1 inch by 30 feel 9 inches, used as carpenter shop ; third apartment, 21 feet 1 inch by 2S feel 8 inches, used as bake-house. Exterior dimensions of building, lid feet 10 inches by 22 feet 2 inches. Magazine, within fortification, one one story building, built of blue sandstone, in good repair, con- taining one apartment, II feet by 7 feel 1 inch. Exterior dimensions, 15 feet 2 inches \<\ 25 feel ! inch. ( )rd nance store house, outside of fort ili cat ions, one wooden shed, in good repair, containing one apartment, 7.j feet I inches by •'!<» feet 2 inches. Exterior dimensions, 75 feet 6 indies by 32 feel II inches. Hospital g\ ard-iioi si;. — The hospital is a frame building, situated about two hundred and fifty yards from the fort, and consists of a central building of two stories in height, containing, on the first floor, dispensary, surgeon's office, store-n i, mess hall, and kitchen, and in the second story, stew aid's quarters, linen rooms, and spare looms. The wards are two in number, one on each side of the center building, having a capacity for leu beds each, 14 by 24 feet, containing water- closet, bath-room, and attendants' room. The building is rather slight for this climate, and is uol very perfectly warmed. The guard houses are two' in number, one on each side of the sally-port, each one containing prison room. The dimensions of each, 1 1 feet !> inches by Hi feet 1 inches, built of stone — not deemed suitable for the purpose of their construction. Stables, outside of fortifica- tion, one wooden building one story, in good repair, containing one apartment, 24 feet 1' inches by 52 feet 10 inches. Exterior dimensions, 25 feet 3 inches by 53 feet 11 inches. Supply-depots, &c. — New York' city. Winter supplies for si\ months kept on hand : other seasons, three months. Si sistence. — In pari furnished from New York City, and a portion purchased in the city of < >sw ego, New York. This particularly applies to the purchase of flour, as the city islargely engaged in the manufacture of that article. FUEL, FORAGE, AND WATER. — "Wood purchased by contract. Coal purchased by contract in this place, obtained from mines in Pennsylvania. Water in abundance supplied from city water- works. ( JoMin nication. — Bj rail and water with all portions of the country. RESERVATION. — Declared reservation 75 acres, diminished now by authority given to two railroad companies to pass through a portion of it. The greater portion of the reservation is at present merely a pasture ground lor cattle belonging to the surrounding inhabitants — all attempts heretofore made to keep it inclosedby wooden fence having proved a failure, the fence being gradu. ally torn down and carried away by persons unknown. A solid stone wall should be built surround- ing the entire reservation. Description of country, &c. — The country in the immediate vicinity of the post is rough and not favorable to farming pursuits; the neighboring counties are among the richest in the State. All the grains are cultivated here; grass is largely raised for the purpose of hay : timber in reasonable quantity. The formation of the country, in the immediate vicinity of the post, is deemed favorable to the health of the post. Sandstone is the chief stone in the vicinity, and ft this .stone the fort is being rebuilt. The climate during the winter, or from November to April, is very severe, made so not by the intense cold so much as by the damp northwest winds and gales. Notwithstanding the severe and long winter the health of this place is above the average. The ton is immediately on Lake Ontario, and receives the full force of the prevailing northwest wind, in some years the full of snow is very great. Mean temperature for 186S. 47°. 60 ; for 1S69, 48. 65. 184 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT PORTER, NEW YORK. (Established, date unknown.) INFORMATION GIVEN SEPTEMBER 16, 1870, BY FIRST LIEUTENANT .mux TYLER, FIRST UNITED STATES INFANTRY, ACTING ASSISTANT QUARTERMASTER. Location. — Two miles north of the post-office, in the city of Buffalo, New York, on the Niagara River. Post-office, Buffalo, New York. <)\ uitkks. — There are at the posi one commandant's quarters, one surgeon's quarters, two sets of captains' quarters, andeight sets of lieutenants, quarters — all (except house of commandant, originally built for a private residence,) of wood — commandant's house of stone. There are also quarters for two companies of infantry, with complement of laundresses. The company quarters ran eaeli accommodate comfortably se\ enty men ; have mess-rooms, kite-hens, wash-room, office, and store-rooms for each company, and are builtof wood ; condition of quarters is serviceable, but they are of inferior kind for a permanent military post at this location. Store-houses. — There is but one storehouse at the post used as a subsistence and quarter- master store-room and office — material wood. Dimensions and how used as follows: office, 15 A feet bj 8, 9 T 3 ¥ feet high ; issuing room, subsistence department, 20 by 19 feet,9 T 3 2 feet high; store-room, subsistence department, 26J by 19 feet, 9 T 3 2 feel high; quartermaster's store-room, 26J by 1 9 feet, l'/'., by •'!,'., feet. .Stable, of wood, 62 by 30; 10 feet high, inside measurement. Ten single and one double stalls; single stalls D by 4; double stalls9by 9; having carriage shed, harness and hostler's room attached; and hay loft, 38 by 30 : 6 feet high ; capable of storing four tons of hay or straw. Magazine, material brick, 29 , ;i L , by is, outside : divided into two rooms, respectively 11 by 15 and 15 by 15. Bakery, carpenter, blacksmith shop, and coal shed. Sinks adequate tor the wants of post. Chapel used as school-room in winter, oO by 30; L6 feet high. Si I'i'i.v DEPOTS, &C. — Subsistence stoics are for the most part purchased in Buffalo, and such as are not obtained there are supplied from the subsistence depot in New York City, per railroad. Fifty days' supplies are usually kept on hand. Subsistence. — Quartermaster's stores are obtained from New York depot and the depot quar- termaster at Buffalo, New York, as required, or purchased by post quartermaster. Clothing is received from the military store-keeper at Schuylkill arsenal, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, usually in the fall and spring. Fuel, FORAGE, AND WATER. — Coal and wood arc obtained by contract in the Buffalo market. Oats, hay, and straw are obtained by contract in the Buffalo market. Water is supplied by the Buffalo City Water- Works Company; quality good. Communication.— The business portion of the city of Buffalo is accessible every few minutes by means of street railroad cars. Communication thence by rail and water extensive and general. Ki,si;i;y ITION. — Extent, 28.0658 acres. The ground pertaining to the post is not a reservation, the General Government having obtained ownership by deeds from the State of New York, and by purchase from individuals. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country, not occupied for residences or for manufacturing or business purposes, is highly cultivated, producing fruits, vegetables, and cereals in great quantities. Timber is practically exhausted, except on opposite side of Niagara River, in ( Janada, w Inch, in case of war, mighl be accessible. The location is believed to be one of the most healthful to be found. Climate indicated by Ihe following: Average temperature, monthly mean tor ten years, Januarj 2C°.7, February 26 .7. March 31°.S April 13°.5, May 53 .8, dune 65 .3, .lul\ 71 .7. August 690.5 September 61°.8, October 19°.8, November 39°.6, December 29°4 mean 47 V>. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 185 FORT WAYNE, MICHIGAN. (Established early in the present century, but has been changed from point to point several times until it was fixed at its present site, about the year 1840.) INFORMATION GIVEN SEPTEMBER 18, 1870, BY CAPTAIN I. D. DE III SSY, FIRST INFANTRY, COMMAND- ING POST. Location. — On right bank of Detroit river, in latitude 1- _•">' north; longitude 82° 58' west : two and a half miles from Detroit, five from Lake St. Clair, and eighteen from Lake Erie : is 580 feet above level of the sea. The nearest post office, and one from which all mail is received, is at Detroit, Michigan. Quarters. — The officers' quarters are in a line prolonging the east front of the fort and fa< the river, about 150 yards from southeast bastion. They consist of four two-story frame buildings, and are, with the exception of the commanding officer's quarters, of e^ ery inferior construction, being in most cases deficient in light and ventilation; are incommodious, and during the winter months excessively cold — owing partly to defective construction and partly to being two feet above the ground. To each, excepting the commanding officer's, there is a common entrance, each leading to two or more sets of quarters. The rooms are all under regulation size, averaging from 10 to 14 feet- square, and are heated by grates. The barracks are situated within the fort and consist of one stone building, three stories high, ISO by 30 feet inches wide; it is divided into five sets of company quarters, each set being sub- divided into squad-rooms, mess rooms, kitchen, &c. The building is well ventilated, heated by stoves and is comfortable. It was built in ISIS, and is now in good condition. Laundresses' quarters are outside the fort, and are two frame buildings, one story high — one 20 by 1 1 feet, the other 80 by 10 feet — condition fair. STORE-HOUSES. — The commissary and quartermaster storehouse is a large frame building, one and a half stories high, 250 by 20 feet; is divided above into one storeroom 75 by 26 feet, hay-loft and forage bins; below into commissary store-room, 55 by 26 feet, quartermaster store-room, 20 l>y 20 feet, stables for public and private animals, and carriage shed. This building is substantially built, and is in good condition. Hospitals, guARD-HOUSE, &c. — Eospital — a frame building, one story high, raised above the ground, 120 feet 6 inches by 24 feet, surrounded by a porch 11 feet high, and S feet wide. This building islighted and ventilated by thirty-three windowsand five doors; has one large ward, 73 by 23 by 1"> feet, giving 22,000 cubic feet of air space, and occupied by twenty beds; has also two store-rooms and bath-room, one wash-room and one reading room, a dispensary and an office. It has two lateral wings slightly detached from the building, one used as a kitchen, mess-room, &c, the other as quarters bj - the hospital steward. The whole has been recently repaired and painted at an expense of $3,000, and is in admirable condition. Guard-house — is a very strong frame building, one story high, 54 by 30 feet, has a full-length porch, Sfeet high and S feet wide — contains a guard-room, room for general and one for garrison pris- oners, and four cells, well ventilated, heated by stove and is in very good condition. Non-commis- sioned staff and band quarters — one story frame building, 150 by 1 1 feet, facing west side of parade — vacant and in good condition. Quartermaster's office — one-story frame building, 50 by 20 feet. south side of parade— is in very good condition. Library and school-room — one-story frame build- ing, 02 by 20 feet, with porch on one side — in good condition. General court-martial rooms — one story frame, 100 by 20 feet — in good condition. Chapel — one-story frame building, 44 by 24 by 15 feet, vestry-room attached, 10 feet square, capable of accommodating one hundred people — condi- tion good. Ice-house — one story frame building, 30 by 20 feet, capacity 240 tons — filled each winter with ice cut from the Detroit river by the command. Blacksmith-shop — a one-story frame building, 15 by 12 feet — very old but suitable for its purpose. Carpenter-shop — one-story frame building. 40 by 20 feet — in good condition. Paint-shop, saddle-shop, &c. — a frame building of same dimen- sions. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Chicago. Illinois. Six months' supply of quartermaster stores are i ly kept on hand. 18(3 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Subsistence. — The subsistence stores for this post are purchased in the Detroit market by the chief commissary of the department, and furnished to the post as required. "Fuel, forage, and water. — Contracts for furnishing the post with fuel and forage are made by the chief quartermaster of the department. Water for the post is obtained from the Detroit River. Communication.— With Detroit by water, rail, and teams. Reservation. — Consists of 63 acres of land purchased by the United States. Description or country, &c. — The country in the vicinity of the fort is about a dead level, and presents the same physical characteristics of the Michigan peninsula. FORT WTLKINS, MICHIGAN. (Established. — There is no record at the post showing date. The magazine bears the inscrip- tion 1844.) INFORMATION GIVEN JULY 7, 1870, I'.Y BREVET MAJOE FERGUS WALKER, CAPTAIN, FIRST INFANTRY, COMMANDING POST. Location. — Northern peninsula of Michigan. Latitude 47° 30' north, and longitude 88° west, about one and one-half miles east of the village of Copper Harbor, at which place there is a post- office. Quarters. — For officers, three buildings, containing seven sets of quarters. Tor men, two buildings, 65 by 21 feet each, suitable for one company; two kitchens with mess-room-. _V, 1>\ 21 feet each, and four buildings, 30 by 11\ feet each, containing eight rooms for married men and laundresses. All log and frame buildings, in fair condition, needing, however, constant repairs. Store-houses. — One two story frame building, 47 by 24 feet, used for storing quartermaster's property and clothing, camp and garrison equipage, on upper floor, and subsistence stores on lower floor; this store-house is poor and somewhat dilapidated. One log building, 30J by 23| feet, used for storing straw, shingles, &c. ; in poor condition. HOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Hospital, one one story log and frame building, 33 by 22 feet, containing one ward-room, one dispensary, and one store room, with kitchen and wood-shed attached, condition fair. Guard-house, one one-story log and frame building, 25 by 31 feet, con- taining one guard-room, one prison-room and three cells, condition fair. Stable, one log building, 39 by 24 feet, with loft for hay, condition poor. Carpenter-shop, two log and frame buildings, condition fair. Lake-house, one log building, 24 by 104 feet, condition very poor. Magazine, built of stone, arched and shingled. l.'U by 13 feet, in good order. lee-house, 10 by 1'U feet, in fair order. Supply-depots, &c. — Supplies are received by requisition on the chief quartermaster and chief commissary of subsistence of the department, at Detroit, Michigan. The post can be supplied onlj by lake transportation during the shipping season, about six months in the year. Subsistence. — One year's supply kept on hand. Fresh meat, on the hoof. Fuel, FORAGE, am) water. — Fuel is purchased under contract, at $6 per cord ; there is a good supplj of fuel in the neighborhood, forage is supplied on requisition by chief quartermaster and chief commissary at Detroit. Water is abundant, the garrison being nearly surrounded by water. Commi nication. — The nearest town of importance is Marquette, distance from one hundred and twenty-five to one hundred and fifty miles. There is a telegraph station at Eagle Liver, about twenty-five miles from this post. Communication is by lake steamers during navigation. No communication in winter, excepl bj mail. Reservation. — There being no record on tile at this post relative to the date this reservation was declared by the President, positive information cannot be furnished as to the correct date. The reservation is about one and one hall miles long, and one-third mile w ide. Description of coi ktry, &c— Soil, rocky ; productions, copper; timber, abundance of DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. L87 bard-wood ; the quality of timber for building purposes is uol of a desirable quality in the immedi- ate vicinity; grass, nothing of the shape of pasture in this vicinitj ; no hay is raised here. Cli mate, during summer season, mild; during winter season, liable t" extremes of temperature. Average temperature, 41° F. Lucidity very healthy. This post is objectionable but in one respect, that of the impossibility of its being relieved, or the troops garrisoning it removed during the winter months. The garrison is completely isolated from the outside world from early in November until late in April, and sometimes until late ill May, during which time navigation ceases and communication is then carried on only by mail, which is carried by men who travel on snow shoes. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI. MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI. The military division of the -Missouri was established in August, 1806, and placed under the command of Lieutenant General Sherman, who was succeeded by Lieutenant General Sheridan. The State of Arkansas, which then formed a part of it, was separated from it in March, 1807. and in March, 1869, the State of Illinois and post of Fort Smith, Arkansas, were added to it; since that time the boundaries of the division have been unchanged. lis general extent is from Britisb America on the north to Mexico on the south, and from the Mississippi River on the easi to the Rocky Mountains on the west. It comprehends the. military departments of the Missouri, of the Platte, and of Dakota, comprising the States of Kansas, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, and Minnesota ; and the Indian, Xew Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Montana, and Dakota Terri- tories, and contains within its limits the tribes of Indians enumerated in the following table, com- piled from the report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for L868. The estimate is believed. however, to be considerably in excess of the actual numbers. See partial estimates of the Peace Commission, of Brevet Brigadier General Sweitzer, and of Brevel Major General Sykes. Estimates of population of various Indian tribes in the militart/ division oj tlu Missouri. Iribi -. KOKTHERH SUPEKIXTEXDJ iKebraska and Dakota I Winnebagoes I Imabas i ittoes and Missourias Pawnees Sacs and Foxes, of Missouri fowas Brule and Ogallala Sioux Cbeycnnes I^rapaboes SioUX CENTB U. SUPEEIXTEXDEXCY. (Kansas, Eastern Colorado, and Western m Territory.) Pottawatomies Sacs and Foxes, of the Missouri ( Ihippewas and Munsees Osage River Agency Indians Sbawneea Debvwarea 11 i * 'Jiia | >aws Senecas and Shawnees Senecas Kansas or Knws Kickapooa Ottawas Kiowas and Comancbes Arapaboes - Apacbes 700 1 n . I J! Ill 121 1 . male 5 !2 '331 1,613 U 125 002 318 32 98 320 874 I in inl 46 "J7~, 114 Total 993 375 52 186 329 1,616 111 II I 55 264 125 1,512 i 002 471 : 82 246 I. 800 750 1,304 south ii; v. [Indian Vei ritory I Creeks < ; .< rot eea Choctaws Chickasaws Serninoles ' WichitaS Keecbies Wacoea Tawaecarra* i laddoes and [onies - Sbawnees ■ ires Other Indian-, belonj ing to tribes, bu1 not befoi e connti d - ■ 693 84 284 6411 I 052 3,490 281 205 101 :,39 269 2 4, 000 2,800 too 17. 442 Total NEW MEXICO SI V, It] ' Narajoes ilouacbe Utes Jicarilla Apacbes. Capote Utes ; Weminncbe Utes Pueblos - Mescalero Apacbes and M Captivea in peonage COLORADO SLTF.KIMF.M'KN' V. Tabeqnache Utes I ,■ ;nl [ i\ or ! mtab I i Hale. 900 127 ;xi 61 • j ■-ii,: 307 34 4',, la! l.ooo 153 67 71 85 264 313 4^ 239 HI 311 437 12,003 i : mii, 1,900 >S0 123 13.7 i:7 180 6 l.Ol 11 - B7fl n 506 -, 000 750 •.', 000 192 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY TOSTS AND STATIONS. Estimates of population of various Indian tribes in the military division of lie Missouri — Continued. Tribes. Male. l emale. Total. Tribes. Male. Female. Total. DAKOTA SL I'ERIX l'KNDEXC Y. .-mi 1, [25 375 COO 1 , 530 360 1,200 490 1,500 1,500 1,204 800 1, 125 3:5 600 1,530 300 1,200 4-7 1,500 1. 500 1,296 1,600 ■J, 250 750 1,200 3, 060 7-iO 'J, 400 977 3,000 3,000 2,500 1,637 1,500 400 400 'J, i.lii 2 3^0 1 1 ids Ventres • 3,000 5,000 Total 19, 360 UTAH SUFEItrSTENDENCr. 2, 01 1, Mill "Western Shosliones 2, 000 1,500 Utahs 15,300 2, 400 i\t>i:i'i:ni>e\t agencies. Chippewas : 'J, 166 Pillager and "Winnebagoshish 1,899 28, 034 1 1-:: Total • Wandering bands : HON r.VNA SITEKIXTEXHEXCY. 300 1,500 :.:• 4, 200 26 1 700 650 Blactfeet ]-- 105 Partial estimate by peace commtwioners, of the population of most of the tribes enumerated in the foregoing table, from report dated January 7, 1 368. Tribes. Population. Chi rokees Cr< eks < 'li'irtaw B 1 tiickasawa Seminoles 9 ."Wicbitas, (various tribes) Kiowas and Comancb.es 1 1 . ' lines. Arapaliof s, and Apai bea Pottawatomles Kansas Indians, (various tribes) Navajoea Yankton Sioux Poncas Lower Brule Lower Yanktonnaia Two Kettles Blackfeet Minuecorjoiis Oncpapas Ogallalas Upper STanktonnais Tribes. Sans Arcs .- Arickarees Gros Ventres Mandana Assinaboines Flatheads Upper Pend d'< Ireilles . Kootenays . .. ." Blackfeet Piegans Bloods Gros Ventres Crows Winnobagoes Omalias Ottoes Brule and Ogallala Sioux. Northern Cheyenne*. . . . Northern Arapahoi San tee Sioux Gland total Population. 680 5C0 400 400 6-10 55» 91a 150 B70 150 500 900 750 998 511 8G5 eoo 750 .: i0 139,562 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. !93 Kutimated population of tribes in the department of the VlatU am) vicinity, September I-. 1869, bij Brevet Brigadier General Sweitzer, < r 13, 1869. I AUo included in foregoing tahJes. I Ti ili. - < Ihippewas Cliippewas Cliippewas Cliippewas Cliippewas Cliippewas < ihippewas Lake Superior Agency ' ihippewas Cliippewas Chippewaa Sioux Sioux Sioux Sioux . Total 1'. Hid. Location, Strength. Mississippi „ White Dak Point White Earth... Lake Winnebag Leech Lake . . . . ishish Mississippi Pillagers Pillagers Pillagers Cass Lake Red Lake Red Lake Pembina Pembina Grand Portage Net Lake Fond du Lac Net Lake Bois Fort Xet Lak e Sisseton and Wahpeton Fort Wadsworth Resei Sisseton Fort Tot ten Reservation Wahpeton Fort Totten Resi Sisseton and Wahpeton, (Standing Buffalo's band) Turtle Mount Sisseton and Wahpeton Fori Ransom 2, 000 1,058 929 312 363 1,094 1 164 515 Disposition toward the Government. Friendly. 1 i U ml! , Frirmlh . Friendly. Friendly. Friendly. Friendly. Friendly. Friendly. Friendly. 183 Hostile. 60 Friendly. 194 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. INDIAN SITK1UXTENDENTS AND AGENTS IN THE MILITAKV DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI. Nairn- ami other-.. XOUTHEBX SUPEBINTENDENCY. N. ■ oi agent 3 Post-office address. Name of tribes. Samuel M. Janney, superintendent Northern superintendence Omaha, Nebr. . . Thomas Lightfoot, agent Great Nemaha Care of superintendent Edward Painter, agent - ' Omaha do -. — Howard White, agent. Winnebagoes do Jacob M. Troth, agent. ... . Pawnee do Albert G. Green, agent Ottoe do A sa M. Janney, agent Santee do CEXTBAX SUTERIXTKXDEXCY. Enoch Hoag, superintendent Central superiutendency.. Lawrence, Kans. Joel IT. Morris, agent Reuben L. Roberts, agent Thomas Miller, agent . .... Mahlon Stubbs, agent . •James Stanley, agent . John P. Miles, agent . . . Isaac T. Gibson, agent Lawrie Tatum, agent Brinton Darlington, agent SOUTHERN SUPEBINTENDEXCY. Bvt, Maj.Gen."W.B.Hazen,TT.S.A. 1 sup t Brevet Major J, N. Craig, V. S. A., agent. . Captain F. A. Field, U.S. A.,agent Pottawatomie Care of superintendent Shawnee do , Sax and Fox do , Kansas. do . Osage River. do . Kickapoo Neosho Kiowa and Comanche . . CTpper A rkausas ...... .do. .do do do Captain George T.Olmstead, U.S. A. t agent .. . < laptain X. A. Baldwin, I*. S. A., agent NEW MEXICO SUPERINTEXDEXCY. Major William Clinton, 1 T . S. A., superintendent. Lieutenant J. B. Hanson, agent.. Captain F T. pennt tt, V. S. A., agent Lieutenant A. S. B. Keyes, U. S. A., agent Lieutenant A. G. Henuissi e, U. S. A., agent... Lieutenant Charles E. Drew, U. S. A., agent . . Lieutenant Charles L. Cooper, U. S. A., agent Lieutenant George E. Ford, U.S. A., agent . . Sunt hern superiutendency. Fort Scott, Ivans Cherokee 1 Fort Gibson I 'nek Clerk agency, Indian Territory. Choctaw and Chickasaw. .. Boggy Depot, Choctaw I nation. Seminole Wewoka, Seminole ! country. New Mexico superintend- Santa Fe X. Mex elicy. Abiquiu Care of superintendent. Indians in Nebraska. lowas, Sacs and Foxosof Missouri Omahas. Winnebagoes. Pawnees. Ottoes and Missonxias. Santre Sioux. Indians in Kansas. Pottawatomies. Shawnees. Sacs and Foxes of the Missouri, Ottawas and Chippewa* and Christians or Munsees. Kansas or Kaws. Miamies, Confederated Kaskaskias, Pe- orias, Piankeshaws, and Weas. Kickapoos. Osages, Seneeas, Senecasand Shawnees, and Quapaws. Kiowas, Comanche s and Shawnees. < lad- does, Wichitas, and others. \ rapahoes and 1 !hej ennes. Navajo Cimarron Mescalero Apaches Gila Apacbe ...do Pueblo do Pueblo - - - ! do COLORADO SUPERIXTENDEXCY. E. M. McCook, go^ ernoi and ex-officio sup't . Captain W. If. Merrill, U. S. A., agent Lieutenant c. T. Speer, I". S. \.. agent l TAN Sn-EIIINTKNI'I Ni \ Bvt. Col. J. E.Tourtellotte, U.S A., superintend'! 1 i' !ii n! < feorge W. < Eraffam, U.S. A., agent . .. H fOMBffG BUrERrXTENDEN'CY. J. A. Campbell, got ernor and ex-officio sup'l ... Lieutenant G. M. Fleming, U.S.A pecial DAKOI \ Bl PERIS 1 1 SD] S* 1 . John A. Burbankj governor and ex-officio sup't Captain W. Broatch, c. s. A. agent. [Jrevel Major William II. Hugo, U. S, A., agent Captain W. H. French, jr., U.S. A., agent Captain Dc Witt C. Poole I", s. \., agent Colorado superintendent 3 Denver, Colorado Ter. . Conejos Cure of governor, &c_. Dem er..... do Utah BUporintondency — Sail Lake City r in tab Valley Care of superintendent Wyomingsuperintendcnc.-y Cheyenne Citj -- Fori Bridger Care of governor, &c. Dakota super in tendency . Yankton Yankton sious ... - Care of superintendent Ponca ' <*o Ci'iu Creek ' do Whetstone Creek ' do Tribes in Indian Country. Cherokee-, ('reeks. ( thoctaws and Chickasaw a. Seminoles. Tribes in New Mexico. Capote and Wemiuuche Utes. Navajoes. Maquocbe Utes and Jicarilla Apache Mescalero Apachea Gila Apaches. Pueblos. Pueldos, Various tribes in i Colorado. Tabequache Utes Grand River and I intali Utc Various tribes in Utah. Utabs, Pah-Edes, Pab-Utes, tribes in V; y: mm. It 1 1 it; ; 5 . East Bannacks and Shoshone*. 1 1 lin 9 in Dakota Yankton Sioux, Poncas. Sioux. Sioux. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS ANI> STATION'S. 195 Indian superintendents and agents in the military division of tin Missouri— Continued. Names and offices. Captain Walter Clifford, U.S. A., agent Brevet Major J. A. Hearn, U.S. A., special agent BvtMaj. Geo. M. Randall, U.S. A . special agent Jared W". Daniels, agent MONTANA SI 1'I'lilM I SDEX< * I'.vt. Brig. Gen. Alfred Sully, V. S. A., sup t Brevet Major A. S. Galbreath, V. S. A., agent Lieutenant W. 35. Pease, "U.S.A., agent Captain E.M.Camp, U. S. A., agent INDEPENDENT AGENCIES. Captain George Atcbeson, D". S. A., ag< nt Lieutenant F. D. Garretty, XJ. S. A., special agent Name of agency . Upper Missouri . Grand River ( Iheyenne Riv< r Sisseton Montana superintendeucy. Clal Head Blackfeet (Vinv !' Bc< addi i ■■■ Nairn i tril- s. i lareoJ superintendent Assiuaboim s, Arickarees, and others. do Sioux. di> Sioux. i are of Bishop Whip pie Faribault, Minn. Chippewa . .. Sac and Fox. Helena Montana ( lare of superintendent. do do Chippewa agency Toledo, Cowa . Sisseton anil SVa lipetoo Sioux. Cribes iii Montana. Flat Heads, ami others. Blackfeet Nation. Mountain ' 'n*w S. Chippewas of the Mississippi Sac and Fox of Iowa. DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI. POSTS DESCRIBED. U-buckle, 1 'nit, Indian Ten itorj . Bascom, Fortj New Mexico. Bayard, Fort, New Mexii o. Craig, Fort, New Mexico. Cnnimings, Fort, New Mexico. I »odge, Fort, Kansas. Garland, Fort. Colorado Territory. Gibson, Fort, Indian Territorj . Harker, Fort, Kansas. Hays, Fort, Kansas. Lamed, Fort, Kansas. Leavenworth, Fort, Kansas. Lyon, Fort, * lolorado Territory . McRea, Fort, New Mej ii u Reynolds, Fort, Colorado Territoi Riley, Fort, Kansas. Selden, Fort. New Mexico. Sill, Fort, Indian Territorj . Smith, Fort, Arkansas. stanton, Fort. New Mexico. Supply, Camp, Indian Territory. Union, Fort, New Mexico. Wallace, Fort, Kansas. Wingate, Fort. New Mexico. Zarah, Fort, Kansas, FORT ARBUCKLE, INDIAN TERRITORY (Established 1851.) INFORMATION GIVEN \i\ MAJOR JAMES I'. ROY, SIXTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, I860, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 34° 27'; longitude from Greenwich. 97 c OH'. Post-office at the post. The post is situated in the Chickasaw Nation. Sherman, Texas, one hundred miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For four companies of eighty or one hundred men each, built of logs at the time the post was established ; condition, decayed, tumbling down, and without windows: mot's leaky. Officers' quarters, six sets, logs and frame, old, rotten, and leaky. Store-houses. — One hundred feel by 10; capacity, 38,400 cubic feet; new and in good condition. Eospital, gi lrd-house, &c— Hospital, frame building in process of coustructiou — frame only erected. Guard-house, log building of two rooms, unserviceable, old, and decayed. A tew temporary log and board shanties, designed to shelter public animals, &c. Supply-depots, &c — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, one hundred and seventy two miles distant. The route of supply is from Fort Gibson by wagon ; obstructed from middle of December to 1st of July; best season for transporting supplies, from 1st of August to 1st of December. Supplies are now en runic from Fori Harker, Kansas, which route is pronounced by freighters impracticable for loaded wagons; best route (in my opinion) by Arkansas River to Fori Smith: thence b\ land transportation (two hundred miles) to the post. Subsistence. — Three months" supply is usually kept on hand. WATER AM) "WOOD. — The post is supplied with water by a line spring, and a well situated in the middle of the parade. Wood is supplied by contract. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 197 Indians. — The nearest Indians are Comanches, Kiowas, and affiliated bands of Chickasaws and Choctaws. Mixes. — None are known in the vicinity. Indications of coal contiguous to post. Cojimunication. — Between post and nearesl town is by wagon road. Trimonthly line of stages to and from Fort Smith, Arkansas. Reservation. — The reservation on which i lie post is situated has been declared by the President, under date of -May to, 1S69, as announced and described in General Orders No. 1'.'. Headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated Maj 25, 1869; area, one square mile. Description of COUNTRY, &c. — The fare of the country is rolling prairie, with timber bordering on the streams, interspersed witli post ridges and black-jack hills. The blackjack country is a high, sandy soil, well suited for sweet potatoes; and the upland prairies a loamy soil. well adapted to the cereals, particularly wheat: line gardens are made: country well watered ; post-oak, prevalent timber; on the river bottoms, walnut, pecan, red oak. and cottonw 1 are common; timber tor building purposes scarce; prairie grass very abundant ; line slock country- Streams usually commence to rise the middle of April, and continue high, generally, (with intervals when fordable,) until the middle of Juh : generally fordable eight months in the year; ferry-boats and bridges on principal streams between this point, Fort Gibson, and Fori Smith. Climate temperate, without any great extremes of heat or cold ; average temperature from August 1, IS68, to August 1, 1869, 61°. 63; occasional ••northers" in winter and spring; seasons, usually rainy from middle of December to 1st of May; showery in May. June, and part of July: dry balance of the year; health generally excellent. No settlements; about one thousand freedmen within a radius of thirty miles. Numerous salt springs scattered throughout the country. Lime and stone for building purposes abundant. FORT BASCOM, NEW MEXICO. (Established 1864) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR LOUIS T. MORRIS, CAPTAIN, THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, L869, THE COMMANDING OFFK ER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 35 c 23' 20"; longitude from Greenwich, MT 27' 20". Post-office at the post. Chaparita, about eighty miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For two hundred men, built of adobe, in poor condition. Officers' quarters, three; two built of stone, and one of logs, in poor condition ; leaky and require frequent repairs. Storehouses. — Quartermaster's, 34 by 85 feet, Hi feet high; commissary, 34 byT16feet, Hi feet high ; capacity for supplies for two companies for one year ; roofs made of logs and earth : require frequent repairs. A portion of the commissary's store-house is a grain-room, capacity for 3,570 bushels of corn. Grain-room of the corral, capacity, 1,785 bushels of corn. Hospital, guard-uousk, &c. — Hospital built of adobe; consisting, on north side, of two apartments, 20 by 30 feet each. di\ ided by a hall 10 by 20 feel : one of the apartments used as a dispensary, office, and steward's room, the other for a ward; capacity for ten beds. Two rooms built of logs on south side of hospital, used as store room and surgeon's quarters; roof of hospital, logs and earth. Guardhouse built of logs. Cavalry and quartermaster's corrals built of logs: con- dition poor. All the buildings are leaky and require frequent repairs. Sipply-Depots, &C — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at Fort Union, New Mexico, one hundred and forty-live miles distant. The mute of supply is by wagon-road; supplies can be transported all seasons of the year. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Canadian River, by water wagon. Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Comanches and Kiowas. J98 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATION-. MINES. — None arc. known in the vicinity of post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon. Reservation.— The reservation on which the post is situated lias not beeu declared by the President. One square mile is held as reserved. Description of country, &c. — Surrounding country hilly. Soil sandy, not arable. Timber plenty; Cottonwood on the banks of the Canadian River, and cedar on the hills. Corn and the usual' summer vegetables can be raised on the bottoms near the river. Crass, grama and upland. River can be forded at low water six months of the year; streams rise during heavy rains; fall, soon after, dry most of the time. Climate mild; generally warm during the summer months: average temperature.:.!; .30 thermometer, hydrometer 51°.43; health of locality good. No set- tlements. PORT BAYARD, NEW MEXICO. (Established August 21, 1866. INFORMATION GIVEN BY HKi:\ ET COLONEL H. C. MERRIAM, MAJOR, THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, Till: ' OMMANDING OFFICEE AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 32 55'; longitude from Greenwich, 108 25'. Post-office at the post. The post is situated between the Pinos Altos and Copper Mine Mountains, in what is known as the Copper Mine Pass. Central City, two miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS.— Temporary, for three hundred men; two sets built of logs, with mud roofs, and one set of sawed lumber: the log buildings are rapidly decaying and becoming unfit for occu- pation. Store-houses.— Two, quartermaster's and commissary, 120 bj 26 feet, 10 feet high; divided into two rooms, each 50 feet long, with office 16 feet; under the commissary storehouse is a cellar 50 by 20 feet, S feet high, built of adobe; all new and in excellent condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, a new and commodious building, built of adobe, with shingle roof. Guard-house built of stone; over guard-house and sally-port are three rooms, built of adobe, each 10 by 26 feet, 10 feet high, for adjutant's office. Library and court-martial room: the last is a two-story building and connects with the storehouses previously described. No other public buildings. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Tort Onion, New Mexico, four hundred and fifty six miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road from Fort Union depot, via Albuquerque, Forts Craig, Selden, and Cummings; only temporarily obstructed by snow in winter: best season for transporting supplies from August to January: contractor's trains. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from a clear mountain stream. 500 yards distant, by wagon. Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Gila Apache, west and northwest; Miembres and Copper Mine Apaches, east and northeast. Mines. — Santa Rita copper-mine, six miles east ; Hanover copper-iuine, eight miles northeast : Pinos Altos gold and silver mines, eight miles northwest: other gold-mines south and east, near post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President, ruder date of May !•">, 1869, as announced ami described in General Orders No. 19, Headquar- ters Department of the Missouri, dated May 25, I860. Fifteen square miles, and 520 acres re- served. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 199 Description of country, &c. — The country is rolling, with high mountains north, north- west, and east; open country south and southeast. Around post,and easl and north, country timbered and watered by small streams. Timber — pine, cedar, and oak; a good saw-mill three and a half miles north. Crops of corn, wheat and vegetables grow in bottom-lands; good gardens now under cultivation on the reservation. There are no streams between the Rio Grande and Gila which are not fordable at all times; rise of streams between March and June, while snow is melting in mountains. Seasons perceptiblj shorter than on Rio Grande, and climate cooler and more dry; average temperature for lsus, 5 I .29; health of locality excellent. Settlements, Pinos Altos mining-district; population about fifteen hundred. FORT CRAIG, NEW MEXICO. (Established L8o3, INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL AUGUST K. KAUTZ, LIEUTENANT COLONEL FIF- TEENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 33° 26'; longitude from Greenwich, 107 08'. Post-office at the post. San Marcial, four miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For two hundred men, built of adobe. Officers' quarters built of stone. All the buildings in poor condition; new roofs and other repairs needed. Storehouses. — Eight — capacity ample. Grain -house, capacity 4, 2S7 bushels; condition poor ; new roofs and other repairs needed. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &c. — Hospital and guard-house built of adobe. Carpenters' and blacksmiths' shop built of stone; condition generally poor; new root's and other repairs needed. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster subsistence depots are at Fori Union, New Mexico, two hundred and eighty miles distant. The route of supply is generally via Tejeras Canon and Albuquerque; seldom obstructed ; best season for transporting supplies, from May to November, inclusive ; usually by contractor's train. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and WOOD. — The post is supplied with water from the Bio Grande, hauled about one mile iu portable tanks. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Gila and Mescalero Apaches and Kavajoes— none within a hundred miles. Mines. — Coal mines worked thirty miles distance. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by stage. Reservation. — The reservation on which the pest is situated has been declared by the Presi dent, as described and announced iu General Orders No. 48, headquarters Department of the Mis souri, dated October 21, 1869. Thirty-eight square miles, and I7.~> acres reserved. Description of country, &c. — Only a small portion of country arable. No timber within thirty miles of post, and nowaterexcept Rio Grande. Corn, wheat, oats, potatoes, &c.,can be raised. Gardens generally poor. Grass good. Soil sandy. Liver usually rises about May 1. fordablenine months each year. Climate dry; extreme of cold in January; extreme of heat in July; average temperature during the year ending June 30, 1869, 5o°.10; locality healthy. Nearest settlement-. San Marcial, four miles distant ; population about eight hundred ; Faraje, eight miles: population about one thousand. 200 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT CUMMINGS, N T EW MEXICO. (Established 1863.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET .MAJOR ALEXANDER MOORE, CAPTAIN, THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, L869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 32° 27'; longitude from Greenwich, 107 : 35'. Post-office at the post. Miembres Village, nineteen miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For about one hundred and fifty men: built of adobe: in good condition. Officers quarters, double set, unfinished. Store-house*. — Three, with capacity for o i i e ir's supply for one hundred aud fifty men: in good condition. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &c. — Hospital, one ward; capacity, ten patients; built of adobe. Guard-house built of adobe, with inside easing of rough stone; in good condition. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Union, New Mexico, four hundred and three miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road from Fort Union via Albuquerque and Fort Selden, open at all season-;: summer months the best sea- son for transporting supplies — Government transportation. Subsistence. — Six mouths' supply usually kept on hand. Water and "wood. — The post is supplied with water from Cooke's Spring, about 300 yards distant, by water-wagon. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Apaches. Mines. — Santa Rita copper-mines, and Finos Altos and Central City gold-diggings. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. No public conveyance. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Surveyed in December, 1SCS. Four square miles held as reserved. Description of COUNTRY, &C. — Mountainous — no arable land in vicinity; valley oftheRio .Miembres, nineteen miles (list ant, nearest land cultivated; no timber. Garden at the post, but the sup- ply of water for irrigation is not sufficient. Grass, grama — good, with a mixture of coarser grasses. Soil, coarse gravel and sand, in some- places very alkaline. Streams rise during rainy season — generally fordable. Climate mild, not cold enough in winter to make ice of more than half an inch in thickness: cold winds in winter, and heavy rains during July and August, generally: ave- rage temperature (1867 aud 1868) 46° F.; the health of the locality is good. No settlements or population nearer than the Miembres Village, nineteen miles distant. FORT DODGE, KANSAS. (Established 186L) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN R. BROOKE, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, THIRD INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1809, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. LOCATION. — Latitude 37° 30'; longitude from Greenwich. L00°. Post-office — Hays City, Kansas, ninety-six miles distant, which is the nearest town or settlement. The post is situated on the Arkansas River, and its location is extremely bad, being upon made ground — wastings from bluffs. Ql \ RTERS. — For one company of cavalry, built of adobe : and for two companies of infant r\ . built of stone, good condition. Officers' quarters — one set stone, one set frame, and one set adobe — in good condition. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATION'S. 201 Store-hoitses. — Two — quartermaster and comuiissarj , built of stone, iuthorougli order and con- dition. One forage house, (frame,) in good condition ; capacity, about L2,000 bushels. Hospital, guardhouse, &c. — Hospital, buili of stone, with an additional ward of wood: excellent order and condition. Miscellaneous buildings: One bake bouse, (substantial stone build- ing,) oven of adobe ; temporary guard house, in bad condition ; carpenters' and wheelwrights' shop, ample for necessities of post; cavalry corral — sod: capacity, one hundred and twenty animals: temporary shed covering, 300 by mo feet, in process of erection ; stable accommodations for one hundred animals. The foundations of garrison buildings are verj insecure. The wallsof some of the larger buildings will not stand for any length of time, and even now some of them are settling. Supply -depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are al Fori Leaven worth, Kansas, three hundred and sixty seven miles distant. The route of supply is by rail from Leavenworth City to Hays City, thence by wagons; no permanent obstructions; best season for transporting supplies, early fall. Subsistence. — Eight months' supply is usually kepi on baud. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Arkansas River and numerous wells. Wood is furnished by labor of the troops. Indians. — The nearest Indians are the Arapahoes, Kiowas, and Cheyenues. Minks. — None are known in the vicinity of post. COMMUNICATION. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon to fort Hays, Kansas, on Kan- sas Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — The reservation was declared by the President under date of June 22, 1800, as described and announced in General Orders No. 17, Headquarters Department of the Missouri. dated May 29, IS6S; sixty-seven square miles, 581 acres, and 1,080 square yards, more or less. Description of country, &C. — Bottom-land and rolling prairiein the vicinity. Good grass on the former and buffalo-grass on the latter. Gardens are a failure. No timber of any descrip- tion nearer than fifteen to thirty-five miles. Stone-quarrj within twelve miles. River rises in June and continues high until middle of July; extreme rise, four feet; fordable at oilier times. Permanent ferry impossible, owing to the character of the banks. < llimate, light, dry, and bracing : seasons regular; average temperature for 1868, 5-±°.37. I generally healthy. No settle incuts of any importance within ninety miles. FORT GARLAND, COLORADO TERRITORY. (Established 1857.) INFORMATION GIVEN 111 BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL V. K. HART, CAPTAIN, THIRTY- SEVENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1809, THE COMMANDING OFFICEE AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 37° 20'; longitude from Greenwich, 105 23'. Post-ofJrce at the post. San Luis, sixteen miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For three companies, built of adobe, in good condition. Store-houses.— Quartermaster's and commissary: capacity, 73,1 16 cubic feet. Grain-house ; capacity, 18,150 cubic feet; condition good. Hospital, GUARD-ho1 SE, &C. — Hospital built of adobe, in poor repair; will be repaired as soon as proper materials can be obtained. Guard-house built of adobe — in good condition. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and mce depots are at Fort Onion, New Mexico, one hundred and eighty-nine miles distant via Maxwell's, and one hundred and fifty- five miles via Paos Valley. The route of supply is from Sheridan, Kansas, ria Port Lyon and Sangre de Christo Mountains. Special supplies from Tort Union. New Mexico, via Paos Valley and Black Lakes; season closed from November to May; best season for transporting supplies, from June to October — Government transportation, 20 202 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Subsistence. — Six mouths 1 supply is usually kept on band. VVatee am) wood. — The post is supplied with water by an aqueduct, about three mileslong, from the Rio de Ios Yutos. Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Tabequache, Manche, and Capote CTtes. MINES. — Sangre de Christo mining district, twenty miles distant. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared l>,v the President. Six square miles held as reserved. Description or country, &c. — Land arable, timbered, and well watered; buckwheat, barley, rye, oats, and potatoes easily raised; also, all kinds of vegetables. Grass consists of blue, mount- ain, and bottom. Timber, cottonwood. Soil gravelly. Streams rise in May and June; all forda- ble. Climate dry; winters severe : spring late; summer and autumn pleasant, but cool ; average temperature for year ending July 31, L869, 37°.22; location very healthy. Altitude 8,365 feet. Popu- lation in vicinity of the post consists of about thirty families settled upon the creeks. FORT GIBSON, INDIAN TERRITORY. (Established 1835. Abandoned 1857. Re-occupied 1863.) ■ INFORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN J. P. SCHINDELL, SIXTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1860, THE COMMAND- ING OFFICES AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 35° 47' 35"; longitude from Greenwich, 95° 15' P3". Post-office at the post. The post is situated in the Cherokee Nation, upon the south hank of the Neosho, two and a half miles above its confluence with the Arkansas. Fort Smith, Arkansas, sixty-five miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For two companies of infantry, not exceeding seventy men each, built of stone — in good condition. STORE-IIOUSES. — Three. New store house, 150 by 4l* feet; old store-house. SO by 24 feet; com- missary store-house, 30 by 36 feet. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital — temporary, built of logs; new one estimated for. Guard-house of wood, temporary and new. Other public buildings of wood, in good condition. SUPPLY-DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Leaven- worth, Kansas, two hundred and ninety-seven miles distant. The route of supply is by the Arkansas River, which is open about six months in the year, and is usually closed during the summer and tail months; the best method of transporting supplies is by steamboat, and the most favorable season during the months of April, May, anil June. SUBSISTENCE. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Grand River, and by cisterns. Wood supplied by contract. INDIANS. — Nearest Indians are the Cherokee and Creek. MINES. — Coal is discovered in all parts of the country, but no veins or mines have been ope I or worked. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by boat, when there is sufficient water in the Arkansas River. Reser\ a riON. — Reservation not yet defined or declared; survey in progress. Description of country, &c. — 'there is scarcely an acre of land, except upon the rauges of liigb hills alone the Grand, Verdigris, and Illinois Rivers, that is not arable and susceptible of cul- tivation. Soil, loam and clay- and will grow well and abundantly all kinds of cereals, vegetables, fruit, cotton, and tobacco. The principal crops now raised arc corn, w heat, potatoes, and oats; fruit (apples, pears, and peaches) of the finest quality, are very plentiful. The country is well DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 203 watered, aud abounds in springs. The prairies arc small, being usually from three to four miles wide. Timber is scarce, and growing only in the bottoms along the rivers and bayous, and on the mountains, but there very densely; it consists chiefly of oak, walnut, hickory, pecan,and cottonwood. Grass, wild prairie, (none of the cultivated varieties, or clover, having been attempted;) this grows rank and heavy, and is cut for hay in the season in large quantities. Streams usually rise the latter part of June and first of July — fordable all the other months, except the Arkansas, which is crossed by three ferries within three miles of the post, and the Grand and Verdigris near the mouth, by terries. Climate, mild; average temperature of the seasons for 18C8, as follows: January, February, and March, IP. l.'l; April, May, and June, 61°.04; July, August, and September, 70°.41; October, November, and December, 61°.6G. The country is generally healthy; chills and fever are very common among the people living in the bottom lands; on the high lands but little sickness is known. Settlements : Fort Gibson, adjoining the post, has a population of about three hundred. There are innumerable salt springs of the purest quality on the Illinois. Grand, and Canadian Rivers, some of which are extensively worked. FORT BARKER, KANSAS. (Established December 2. 1865.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL NELSON A. MILES, COLONEL, FIFTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT 'I'll!'. TIME. Location. — Latitude 38° 49' ; longitude from Greenwich, 98 c 10'. Post-office, foil Marker, Kansas. The post is four miles from Ellsworth City, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For four companies ; two frame and two log buildings. Officers' quarters built of stone; all in good condition. Store-houses. — Two, viz, one ."ill by 200, and one oil by 100, in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital and guard-house, built of stone, in good condition. Supply-depots, &c — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Leaven worth, Kansas, two hundred and fifteen miles distant. The route of supply is by the Kansas Pa- cific Railroad, usually closed or obstructed during the month of January, by snow, three or four weeks, and in this season, 18G9, (distracted about three weeks by Hood : stores can be transported from the post, south and southwest, by trains. Subsistence. — Three months' supply is usually kept on hand. "Water AND wood. — The post is supplied with water from tanks Idled from a running spring. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — The nearest Indians are the Oheyennes. JIinks. — Ellsworth coal mine, at Wilson's Creek, Kansas. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by Kansas Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has been declared by the Presi- dent, as described and announced in General Orders No. 6, Department of the Missouri, Septem- ber 22, 1SGG ; sixteen square miles. Description of country, &c. — The land is nearly all arable, probably a greater portion than is to be found in most parts of (he country. Timber is to be found only on the river courses and about the small streams; although, as the prairie tires are stopped, it is found that timber springs up. The country is very well watered by rivers, streams, and abundant springs. The experience during the present season has demonstrated that all grains can be raised, but the climate and soil seem more adapted to small grains, particularly wheat, barley, oats, and peas. Gardens have been planted, and the growth of the usual variety of vegetable plants has been successful. The country is covered with wildgrass; the bottom lands by blue joint, and the uplands by the buffalo, and a wild grass resembling what is known as the early June grass. The cottonwood, elm, hackberry, box- elder, ash, oak, and black walnut, are the chief timbers. The soil is very rich, sandy loam, about four to six feet deep; below the soil is a bed of sand about 15 feet deep, ami beneath this a strata 204 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY Posts AND STATIONS. of haul clay. Streams usually rise about May, June, and July, but can be forded readily uuless some unusual fall of water. Climate, very healthy ; water, very pure; air, dry, free from malaria, or fever and ague. Average temperature, I6°.31. During the last three years settlements have been made in sufficient numbers, so that this post may be considered within hounds of settlements. The country to the east of a line running to the southeast and northwest from this post is inhabited by an euterprising class of settlers, principally along the Smoky, Saline, Solomon, and Republican Rivers. In some places the land has not been taken up for fifteen and twenty miles; and in other places nourishing neighborhoods and villages are to be found. The civil organization of the coun- ties has been established, and the country is fast HI ling up with an industrious class of people. FORT HAYS, KANSAS. (Established June, 1807.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL GEORGE GIBSON, MAJOR, FIFTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1809, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude38 15'; longitude from Greenwich, 99°. Posl office, Hays, City Kansas, the nearest town or settlement half a mile distant. QUARTERS. — Tor four hundred men ; four wooden buildings, 118 by _'t feet, four rooms each : condition good. Five headquarter buildings, (hexagonal,) 17 feet radius, with two wings 17 by 17 feet, four rooms. Store-houses. — Nine, viz., two quartermaster's; one 90 h\ 24 feet, (four rooms,) and one 96 by 92 feet, portable buildings, (joined,) shingle root's: two, commissary: one 130 by 31 feet, (three rooms,) frame building': and one, 101 by 20 feet, stockade buildings; ordnance store-house, I'.i by 14 feet, wood; hospital store-house, 34 by 1 ! feet, wood; grain house. 102 by til feet, wood; one officers' store house, and one general store ■room, all in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &o. — Hospital buildings of wood, cottage style, (seven rooms:) capacity, twenty four patients; condition, good ; guardhouse, 50 by 80 feet, (three rooms;) wood stockade good; laundresses' quarters, four, each 18 by 24 feet. Total rooms, thirty- two, wood, good. Stone block house, good. Ice house. 124 by U> feet ; capacity, two hundred and fifty tons, wood. gund. Workshops, one good stockade building, 13G by 24 feet. Bakery, one good stock ado building, 40 by Hi feet. Dead house, wood, good, 16 by 16 feet. Lime house, wood, 4D by 1<> feet. Stable, ] K» by 24 ; i n o « iugs, each 86 by 2 1 : stockade, good. Quartermaster's stables, each 28 by 17o feet, good. Two extra wooden buildings, 30 by 20 feet each. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Leaven- worth, Kansas, two hundred and eighty seven miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road to Hays City, on Kansas Pacific Railroad, open at all seasons. Si BSIS'J ENCE. — Sis months' supply usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from wells, and from Big Creek (main supply) by wagon. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are Cheyennes, Arapahoes, and Kiowas. Mines. — None are known in vicinity of post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has been declared by the Presi- dent, under date of September 11, 186S, as annouuced and described in General Orders No. 24, Headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated Augusts. 1868; eleven miles, 460 acres, and 1,514 square yards. Description of country, &c. — Bottom lands arable. Timber scarce, cottonwood and elm on water-courses. No crops cultivated ; gardens can be cultivated on bottoms, near creek. Soil, dark, sandy loam. Big Creek rises from May to September, fordable. Climate dry: seasons changeable: average temperature, 4S°. 32 ; healthy. No settlements except Hays City, a small settlement on Kansas Pacific Railroad. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 205 FORT LARNED, KANSAS. (Established LS5S.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR DAINGEEFIELD PARKER, CAPTAE I I IMWI'KV, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 38 G 10'; longitude from Greenwich, 90 . Post-office, Fori Lamed, Kansas. The post is fifty miles from Hays City, Kansas, the nearesl town or settlement. Quarters. — For four companies, built of stone. Officers' quarters, &c, four stoue and one frame buildings, in good condition. Storehouses. — One, quartermaster's, 150 bj 10 by 12; two, commissary, one 155 by 27 by 12, and one 84 by 30 by 12. Store-house, 28 by 28 by 15, all stoue buildings, and in good condition. Eospital, gi ard-house, >\<'. — Hospital, adobe, built in 18C0, containing four rooms, not adapted for the purpose. Guard-house, stone. 39 by 39 by 12. Blacksmith's, wheelwright's, saddler's shops and bakery, stone, .si b\ 30 l>y 12. Quartermaster's corral, brush and dirt roof, will accommodate two hundred and fifty animals. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Leaven- worth, Kansas, two hundred and eighty-nine miles distant. The route of supplj is by Kansas Pacific Railroad and wagons, seldom closed or obstructed. October and November best months for transporting supplies. Subsistence. — Si\ months' supply usually kept on hand. Water and Wood. — The post is supplied with water from Pawnee Creek, and from wells at post. Wood supplied by contract. MINES. — None are known in the viciuitj oi the post. Communications. — Between post and nearest towu*is by wagon-road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Four miles square held as reserved. Description or country, &c. — The land on the reservation may be considered poor. Here- tofore no crops or gardens have been successful, notwithstanding several experiments have been made; this season being a favorable one, experiments on a small scale have tbus far been suc- cessful. It is more than probable that with care a vegetable garden could, in ordinary seasons, be cultivated by irrigation, so as to repay the labor expended. The land is well watered, but not well timbered, a few elm, ash, and black walnut and cottonwood trees. Grass (bufl'alo) is good. Soil, light and sandy. Streams rise in the spring, with the melting of the snow, and at intervals during the rainy season, which ordinarily lasts from the first of June to the end of August, and are not fordable at such times. The climate is healthy and mild; average temperature, winter, II ; summer, 70 D . No settlements proper, but two ranches, one four miles and a quarter southeast and the other two miles and a half northeast from post. FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS. (Establisbed 1837.) information given p.y brevet brigadier GENERAL VV.H. SI OKI. I,, lieutenant colonel, united STATES ARMY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 39° 21'; longitude from Greenwich, 1' If. Post-office, Fort Leaven- worth, Kansas. The post is three miles north of Leavenworth City — the nearest town or settle- ment. QuaktekS. — For six companies, of eighty men each: consisting of three frame buildings, each for two companies — need repairs. Some repairs, new roofs, &C, have been ordered and are 206 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. now progressing. Officers' quarters — one stone, three brick, six frame and three log buildings — in good condition. Store-houses. — Eight stoue buildings, viz : Five, 40 by 100 ; one, 10 by 190 ; one, 1-1 by lmi : and one, 16 by 40. Five frame buildings, viz : One, 40 by 100; one, 40 by 190; one, 30 by 128; one, i'f by 70; and one, 52 by 135 — all in good codition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital (brick, capacious, and well arranged) and hospital buildings — three brick and four frame; guard-house built of stone Miscellaneous buildings — laundresses', bake-houses, mess-house, blacksmith's shop, &c., &c., three stone, two brick, and nine frame buildings — all in good condition. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster and subsistence depots are at the post. The route of supply is by the Missouri River, which is closed about three months during the winter by ice; Kansas Pacific Railroad to the west, Missouri Pacific to the cast, and Missouri Valley to the cast and north. Subsistence. — Is drawn as needed from the depot for the current month. WATER AND wood. — The post is supplied with water by a stationary engine, which forces the water into a tank on the hills: distributed by water-wagons ; also by cisterns. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest [ndians are Delawares, Osages, and Sacs and Foxes, one hundred miles distant. Mines. — None are known iu the vicinity of post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is b'y wagon-road to Leavenworth City: steamboat landing at the post; railroad stations at Leavenworth City. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post, is situated has not been declared by the President. The land held as reserved extends from six to seven miles along the Missouri River, and varies from one to two miles wide, containing about 0,810 acres. Description op country, &C. — Land, arable, timbered and watered: corn, wheat, and all the productions of the temperate zone are raised; grass, good; timber, hardwood and cotton- wood; soil, good; streams have been high all summer, through rains; locality, healthy; country, well settled ; mean temperature, summer months. G9°.86; winter months, 33°.37, FORT LYON, COLORADO TERRITORY. (Established June 1 1, 1867.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL W. II. PENROSE, CAPTAIN, THIRD INFANTRY, M GUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 38° 5' 36"; longitude from Greenwich, 103° 3' 30". Post-office at the post. Village of Los Animos one mile distant, the nearest town or settlement. CHARTERS. — For two hundred and forty men, in good condition. Officers' quarters, five; three temporary, and two unfinished, of sun-dried brick; condition good. Store-houses. — Three, quartermaster's, commissary, and grain house; capacity for supplies for a full regimen! ; condition good. Hospital, ci ard-house, &C. — Hospital built of stone, (one wing to be erected.) Guard- house, none. Miscellaneous buildings, one bake-house, stone; three sets cavalry stables, wood ; one corral, wood : laundresses' quarters, scs en sets, wood ; blacksmith's, carpenter's, wheelwright's, and saddler's shops, wood, all new. Supplt DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Sheridan, Kansas, one hundred and thirty-two miles distant, 'flic route of supply is by Kansas Pacific Railroad to Sheridan, thence by wagons ; open at all seasons; April to .Inly best months for trans- porting supplies not affected by heat ; other supplies, between December and April ; forage, (corn and oats.) January. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 207 Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usuallj kepi on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied by water from the Arkansas River, distant 1,000 feet, by water-wagon; wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Ptes. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by stage. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the I 'resident, but has been announced in General Orders No. 18, Headquarters Department of the .Missouri, Juno 3, 18G8, and amended by General Orders No. 25, Headquarters Department of the Missouri, August 13, 1868. Nine square miles, 114 acres, and 4,0S0 square yards reserved. Description op country, &c. — Land, arable; timber, cotton-wood, on Arkansas River; crops, all cereals; soil, clay loam, capable of gardens, with irrigation ; good hay ; grass on bottoms surrounding post : liable to overflow ; buffalo grass on uplands. SI reams rise generallj from Lsl of May to 15th of July ; fordable at low water ; a bridge has been constructed near the post. Climate, variable; storms occur in March, April, and May. Rainy season, June and .Inly: average temper- ature, 48°.38. Health of locality, very good, excepting mild malarial fevers. Pnrgatoire River settled from source to mouth b\ aboui four hundred inhabitants; village of Los Ani s contains about sixty inhabitants. FORT McRAE, NEW MEXICO. (Established March, L863.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLOXEL JOHN C.GILMORE, CAPTAIN, THIRTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT Till: TIME. Location— Latitude :>P 02'; longitude from Greenwich, 107 05'. Post-office, Aleman, New Mexico. Alamosa, about seven miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For eighty men, built of adobe. Officers' quarters, built of adobe: all in good condition. STORE-HOUSES.— Four, viz : One, of two rooms, 20 by ."() each. 1 1 feei high in the clear, inside ; o.ne, of one room, 20 by 21: and two, 12 by 16 feet each. 9 feet in the clear, inside ; all in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c— Hospital, built of adobe, seven rooms and one hall. Guard- house, built of adobe, two rooms and one cell. All other public buildings at the post are built of adobe, except the post bakery, which is built of poles, (commonly called jackal buildings.) A corral built of adobe is about being completed ; all the buildings are in good condition. Supply-depots, &c— The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort CTnion, New Mexico, two hundred and ninety-two miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road from Fort Union, New Mexico, via Tigeras Canon, Albuquerque and Fort Craig, New Mexico: never closed or obstructed ; all seasons good (except July and August) for transporting supplies ; usually by contract ox-trains. Subsistence.— Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood.— The post is supplied with water from Ojo del Muerto. Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Miembres Apaches. Mines. — Coal-mines about ten miles distant; never have been worked. COMMUNICATION.— Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. No public couveyance< Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has been declared by the Presi- dent, as described and announced in General Orders No, 21, Headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated June 25, 1869. .Four square miles reserved. Description of country, &c— There is no part of the reservation that is arable, for the 208 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. reason that il cannot be irrigated; gardens can be made along the banks of the Rio Grande, ami irrigated from the river, two and one-half miles from the post. Grass, grama; timber, cedar, cottonwood, and ash. Soil, gravelly in vicinity of post; along the Rio Grande, generally sandy. Kio Grande commences vising in March, and is usually fordable except during March, April, May, June, and July. Climate, temperate ; average temperature for six months ending June 30,1860, 50°;60; health, good. Settlements: Alamosa, about seven miles from post, contains about one hundred and eighty inhabitants; Polomas, about sixteen miles distant, contains about two hun- dred and fifty inhabitant^; and Cafiada Alamosa, about twenty-five miles distant, contains about two hundred and fifty inhabitants. FORT REYNOLDS, COLORADO TERRITORY. (Established June, 18G7.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL II. B. BRISTOL, CAPTAIN, FIFTH INFANTRY, \i GUST, l-i'.'.i. THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 38° 15'; longitude from Greenwich, 104° 12'. Post-office a( the post. Pueblo, twenty miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For one hundred and nineteen men, built of adobe, shingle root', in good condition. Officers' quarters, one adobe building, shingle roof, good condition; two frame buildings, one in good, the other in bad condition. Store-houses. — Two, quartermaster's and commissary ; each 28 by SO feet, in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, frame building, bad condition. Guard-house, built of adobe, shingle roof, in good condition. Quartermaster's corral, built of adobe, stalls built of wood, canvas roof, bad condition. Carpenter and blacksmith shops, frame buildings, fair condition. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Harker, Kansas, four hundred and twenty nine miles distant. The route of supply is by way of Fort Lyon. Colorado Territory, open at all seasons; transportation generally by train. SUBSISTENCE. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. "Water AND WOOD. — The post is supplied with water from the Arkansas Liver by water- wagon. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the I'tes, Kiowas, and Cheyennes. Mines. — In the vicinity of Pike's Pealc, Los Animos, and Sangre de Christo. COMMUNICATION. — Let ween post and nearest town is by stage. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is situated lias not been declared by the President, but has been announced in General Orders No. 19, Headquarters Department of the Missouri, dated June '■'<■ 1868; twenty two square miles, 248 acres, and .".,.'171 square yards, more or less, reserved. Description of country, &c — Al st all the land in the vicinity of the post is under cultivation, and is well watered and timbered ; the principal crops are wheat, coin, and oats ; good land for gardens; good grass on the bottoms. Timber, principally cotton-wood. Soil sandy- Streams rise about the middle of May and commencement of dune; fordable, except during the monthsof June and July. Climate, temperate and dry; seasons mild; average temperature, GO ; health of locality good. Thickly settled population. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 209 FORT in LEY, KANSAS. (Established L852. INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL W. M. GRAHAM, CAPTAIN, FIRST ARTILLERY, NOVEMBER, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER \T THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 39° £' 20"; longitude from Greenwich, 9C 13'. Post-office, Fort Kiley, Kansas. The post is lour miles from Junction City, the nearesi town or settlement. Quarters. — For four batteries light artillery, or eight companies of cavalry or infantry, buill of stone. Officers' quarters built of stone; all the buildings in good condition, excepting the roofs, which need repairing. Storehouses. — Two, quartermaster's and c missary, frame buildings, in good condition, cellars excepted; drainage bad. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital and guard-house, built of st -. Magazine, brick. Stables, stone; condition good, except roofs. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Leaven- worth" Kansas, one hundred and thirty-five miles distant. The route of supply is by Kansas Pacific Railroad. SUBSISTENCE. — Two months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from river and bj cisterns. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Kaws. Pottawatomies, Sacs and Foxes, and Kickapoos, thirty to seventy-five miles distant. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — B'etween post and nearest town is by wagon road. Reservation. — The reservation has been surveyed, but has not been denned or declared. Estimated to contain twenty-two thousand ei.u'ht hundred acres. Description of country, &c. — Land, arable : timber scarce, and only useful as fuel : .mass good, and all the various varieties grow well. Gardens at the post. Soil, heavy black loam, well watered. Climate mild and healthy. Junction City, the nearest town or settlement, contains a population of about twenty seven hundred. FORT SELDEN, NEW MEXICO. (Established I860. INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL K. BLOODGOOD, CAPTAIN, THIRTY-EIGHTH INFAXTRY, AUGUST, 1869, Till'. COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE '['IMF.. Location. — Latitude 32 30' : longitude from Greenwich, 100 IS'33". Post-office at the post. The post is situated on the east bank of, and one mile from, the Rio Grande. Donna Ana, New Mexico, twelve miles distant, the nearesi town or settlement-. Starters. — For two hundred men; one building buill of adobe, in good condition. Officers' quarters, six sets, built of adobe, and in good repair. Store-hoi ses. — One building, containing two rooms. :;i by Hi, ami :'. I by 22=5 feet for quarter- master's stores: three rooms, :\i by oi, H by 1*1. and 20 by l~> feet, for commissary stores: also, granary, with capacitj for 0,000 bushels. Hospitae, GUAUD-HOl SE, &C. — Hospital built of adobe, accommodation for twelve patients. Guard-house built of stone, and two rooms for the guard built of adobe: two rooms built above the guard-house, used as adjutant's office and court-room. Four buildings in corral used as rooms for employes, granary, saddle-room, and butcher's shop; pair of tiie main building is used as carpen- ter's, blacksmith's, and saddler's shops, ami quarters for ordnance sergeant ; one buildingis used as 27 210 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. magazine. With the exception of the guard Louse, all tbe buildings at the post are built of adobe, and iu good repair. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Union, Sew Mexico, three hundred and fifty miles distant. The route of supply is by wagon-road, open at all seasons. Supplies generally transported by contraet. SUBSISTENCE. — Six months' supply is generally kept on band. WATER and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Rio Grande, hauled in tanks about one mile. Wood supplied by contraet. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Gila River and Mescalero Apaches. Mines. — Silver mines iu Organ Mountains. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by mail-coach. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Surveyed October 1, 1S68. Fifteen square miles, 327 acres, and .~>7o 1. About six thousand Indians are living upon the reservation within a radius of fifty miles of the post : no other settle- ments near. PORT SMITH, ARKANSAS. i Noi known when originally establish INFORMATION GIVEN B\ BREVET MAJOR M. BRYANT, CAPTAIN, SIXTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1889, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude.'!") 30'; longitude, from Greenwich, 91 10'. Post-office, city of Fori Smith, Arkansas, adjoining the post. The post is situated on the Arkansas River, at the boundary line of the Indian Territory. QUARTERS. — For two hundred and twenty men : one brick and one stone building, in good con- dition ; also, one frame building, in fair condition. Officers' quarters, frame buildings, in good condition. STORE-HOI SES. — Six. Quartermaster's, frame building; commissary, built of stone, two story; magazine, built of stone: ordnance store-room, frame building; forage-houses, two, frame build ings; capacity, 16,380 bushels; all in good condition. Hospital, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Hospital, two frame buildings, (one bricked inside,) accom- modation for sixteen patients; condition very bad, and cannot be repaired. Guard-house built of brick, in good condition. Post-bakery built of logs. Five frame buildings, one used as offices for commanding officer, quartermaster, and paymaster; and four used as carpenter's, saddler's, wheel- wright's, and blacksmith's shops, in good condition. Stables for ninety-two animals. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Gibs iu, Indian Territory: distant, sixty-five miles by wagon-road, and one hundred and twenty miles by river. The route of supply is by the Arkansas River, obstructed only when the river falls unusu- ally low. Best season for transporting supplies, spring, especially month of June, by steamboat. SUBSISTENCE. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Watek and wood. — The post is supplied with water from a large cistern, three wells, and from Arkansas River by water wagon. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Creeks, Cherokees, and Ohocfaws. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by steamboats of the Arkansas River Company, which run between Little Lock, Arkansas, and Forts Smith ami Gibson, Cherokee Nation. Wharf about 200 yards from post. Reservation. — The reservation on which the p >st is situated has not been declared by the President. The actual amount of laud held as reserved is not known. Three hundred and six acres has been surveyed in the State of Arkansas ; the remainder of the reservation is in Indian Territory, which portion has not been surveyed. Description of country, &c. — Land arable, thinly timbered and well watered; principal crops are corn, cotton, potatoes, wheat, and vegetables of various kinds; soil and climate well adapted to cultivation of gardens. Crass excellent tor grazing and to make hay. Soil chiefly clay, and pretty rich. Streams rise iu .Tune, not fordable near the post, which is surrounded by swamps. Climate very hot in summer, and rather sickly : mild in spring, and cold, with frost and snow, in winter; average temperature, 74°. Town of Fort Smith chiefly populated by white people, and -.nine colored. 212 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. • FORT STANTON, NEW MEXICO. Established I8u INFORMATION GIVEN JiY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL i. V. KAli/. I.Ihl TENANT COLONEL, FIFTEENTH INFANTRY, NOVEMBER, I--' I IM I OMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 33 29 37' ; longitude, from Greenwich, 105' 38' L9". Post office at tlie post. Placita, on the Rio'Bonito, nine miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters.— For two companies, buill of stone, in good condition, but nnflnished. Officers 1 quarters, one stone building, containing eight rooms ; unfinished. Store-houses. — One, 30 by 106 feet, built of stoue; originally intended for quartermaster, now used I'm' both quartermaster ami commissary, for which il is inn small ; commissary store house iu ruins. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital in ruins. Guardhouse buill of'stoue; good but small. All buildings at the post are either in ruins or unfinished, and quite inadequate for the present garrison. The post was ordered to be rebuilt in L8G8. Work stopped June 30, L869. SrppLT-DErms. &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Union, New Mexico, two huudred ami seven miles distant. The route of supply is generally via Fort Sumner, two hundred and seventy-one miles. Shortest route (two hundred and seven miles) via Anton Chico ami the (iallina Mountains. This route has but little water on it. In the driest sea ' sons trains go via Fort Snmner and the Pecos River, a distance of three hnndred and one miles ; road good, am! open at all seasons. All supplies transported by wagons. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kepi on hand. Water ami wood. — The post is supplied with water from the liio Bonito, \> ood furnished by the labor of tile troops. INDIANS.— Nearest Indians are the Mescalero Apaches. Mines. — Gold mines within eighteen and thirty miles; worked to a very limited extent. ( Iommunication. — Between post and nearest (own is by wagon-road, ^s'o public conveyance. RESERVATION. — Not known if declared by the President. No record at the post of the amount of land held reserved. Description of country, &c— Essentially a grazing country, but where water can be ob taiued for irrigation all crops. &c, raised in a temperate climate can be produced. Gardens atthe post producing all the necessary vegetables. The Bonito River, a small stream running through the reservation, furnishes water for irrigation. Grass, grama, which has failed this year on account of dry weather; other varieties of wild grasses are abundant, and have furnished hay for the post. Streams are subject to sudden and very temporary rises iu the months of July ami August, when heavy rains occur ; they are fordable at all times. Climate very temperate. Elevation between 0,000 and 7,000 feet above the sea : average temperature t9°.38. The climate is considered exceed- ingly healthy ; but little sickness prevails, and there are no prevailing diseases peculiar to the country. Principal settlement (Texans) on the Honda, about forty miles cast, at a point called Mis. souri Bottom-; titty miles south is a thriving Mexican village; on the Bonito and its tributaries are other settlements. To the north there are no settlements within a hundred miles, principally on account of the absence of sufficient water. Game and trout are abundant. CAMP SUPPLY, INDIAN TERRITORY. [Established November is. 1868.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR JOHN II. PAGE, CAPTAIN, THIRD INFANTRY, AUGUST, W6!>, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude >6 30'; longitude from Greenwich, 99 c 30'. Post-office, Uays City, Kansas, about two hundred miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. The post is situated DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 213 between and within one and a half miles of the junction of Wolf and Beaver Creeks, which combine to make the North Fork of the Canadian River. QUARTERS. — For about one hundred and fifty men, 1 mil t of logs, for temporary use; in fair condition. Store-houses, — Four. Quartermaster and commissary, two ; containing three rooms, each 15 by l.">; one 60 by 14, and one 16 by 1 1. Forage-house, 10 by 15; all of which are covered with paulins. New store-houses are indispensable. Hospital, gi ardhouse, &c. — Hospital, tents. Guard-house, built of logs, 12 by 11: one building, containing five rooms. 15 by 15 feet each, in good condition. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are al For! Lea\ eu worth, Kansas, four hundred and ninety miles distant. The route of supply is from Fort Bays, on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, by wagon road: open at all seasons. Subsistence. — Two months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from Wolf Creek, half a mile distant. Wood furnished by labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Arapahoes and Cheyennes. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. No public conveyance. Reservation. — No reservation has been declared, or means taken to that end. No land held reserved. DESCRIPTION OP COUNTRY, &C. — The country in the vicinity is mainly rolling prairie, with a great deal of sand near all the streams. Timber, cotton-wood. Water abundant. No crops are raised; good gardens can be made. Grass abundant and good. Soil, sandy loam. Locality healthy. No settlements. FORT UNION, NEW MEXICO. (.Established 1S01.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM N. GRIER, COLONEL, THIRD CAV- ALRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 35° 54/ 21" ; longitude from Greenwich, lor 57' 15". Post-office at the post. La Junta, five miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For four hundred men. Officers' quarters, nine. \ iz : < )ue Tii by 58 feet, and eight 56 by 54 feel each, and 15 feet high. All the buildings of adobe, with stone foundations, in good condition. Store-hoi ses. — Three, viz: one 100 by .".<> feet, one 106 by 30 feet, and one l to b\ 30 feet; height, 1"> feet ; in good condition. 'Hospital, guard-house, &c— Hospital, 158 bj 80 feet ; height 15 feet : built of adobe, with stone foundation, shingle roof. Guard-house built of adobe, tin root: also a prison, built of adobe, containing ten cells, built of stone. Condition good. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster and subsistence depots at the post. The route of sup- ply is known as Route No. 2, from Sheridan City, Kansas, by o\ or mule trains: partially closed during wilder. Spring and summer months the best seasons for transporting supplies on this route. SUBSISTENCE. — Is drawn as needed from the depot for the current month. Water AND WOOD. — The post is supplied with water from a spring about half a mile distant, and from wells at post. Wood is supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Utes, and some Jicarilla Apaches, settled about sixty miles northeast of the post. MINES. — Moreno gold (quartz) mines, about eighty miles distant. COMMUNICATION. — Between post and nearest town is by mail-coach : runs six days of tin- week between Sheridan City, Kansas, and Santa Fe, New Mexico. 214 3CRIPTI0NS OF MILITARY POSTS AND .STATIONS. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated 1ms been declared by the Presi dent, under date of October 13, 1868, with additional " timber" reservation for military purposes. Reservation fifty-one and a half square miles. Timber reservation fifty-three .square miles. Description or country, &c. — About one fourth of the land in the immediate neighborhood is arable, tolerably well watered and timbered. By irrigation fine crops of wheat, corn, and oats are raised by farmers in vicinity of reservation ; excellent hay in abundance is also produced. Forage procured at cheaper rates than at other posts in the Territory. Gardens near the post have been an entire failure for want of irrigation. Grass, upland prairie, largely mixed with grama, on the reservation: grazing good. Timber, pine and pinon. Soil, sandy and stony. Rainy seasou usually commences in August— this year in July— effecting a rise of the streams: the only streams in vicinity affected thereby are the Mora aud Sapello, both of which are bridged. The winter is severe for this latitude ; spring cool ; summer mild, and fall cool ; average temperature about 49 . extremes being 1° above zero, at the lowest, and 85° above zero at the highest, as taken from record of June 30, 1869; health of locality good. The largest settlement in the surrounding country is Las Vegas, about twenty eight miles southwest, on direct route to Santa Fe : popula- tion, about one thousand. FORT WALLACE, KANSAS. (Established June, 1866.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL C. R. WOODS, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, FIFTH LNFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. LOCATION. — Latitude 3S° 5.7 ; longitude from Greenwich, 100° 50'. Post-office at the post, which is situated on the South Folk of the Smoky Kill River, three miles distant from Pond City, Kansas, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For four companies; two stone and two wooden buildings, in good condition. Officers' quarters, six sets, built of wood, in poor condition. Store norsES.— Three. Quartermaster's storeroom 28 by 130 feet. Commissary store-room 28 by 132 feet, inside measurement ; walls 10 feet clear. Grain-house, wood : capacity, 13,000 bush els. Quartermaster's and commissary store rooms, stone: in g »od condition. HOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Hospital, guard-house, magazine, and stable built of stone. Adjutant's office, forage-house, and one cavalry stable, built of wood, all in good condition. SUPPLY-DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Leaven worth, Kansas, four hundred and two miles distant. The route of supply is by the Kansas Pacific Railroad, open at all seasons. Si BSISTENCE. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water AND WOOD.— The post is supplied with water from Smoky Hill liiver, by water wagon. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are (lie < iheyennes and Arapaho Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Com mi NICATION. — Between post and nearest town is by stage. Reservation. — The reservatjion'on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Fourteen square miles held reserved, as described and announced iu General Orders No. 24, Headquarters Department of the .Missouri, August S. L869. DESCRIPTION of COUNTRY, &C. — The country to the north, east, and west is rolling prairie; to the south broken and rugged for a distance of four or live miles, then rolling prairie. The entire country is covered with buffalo-grass; the land is well watered toward the north and west by the Smoky Hill Liver and its branches: the soil is good, but unproductive, for want of sufficient rains; no timber within sixty miles. Streams rise rapidly alter heavy rains in summer, and are DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 215 lbrdable. Climate is hot in summer and cold in winter; strong winds prevail the greater portion of the year; average temperature, 52° ; locality healthy. Settlements, Pond City, three miles dis- tant, about twenty-five inhabitants ; Phil Sheridan, thirteen miles distant, five hundredlnhabitants. There are a few hay-ranches within fifteen miles of the post : from fifteen hundred to two thousand tons of hay might be cut within twenty miles of the post. PORT WINGATE, NEW MEXICO. Established June. 18C8.) INFORMATION GIVEN 1(V BREVET COLONEL A. W. EVANS, MAJOR, THIRD CAVALRY, AUGUST, 1869 THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. » ■ Location. — Latitude 35° Hi' ; longitude from Greenwich, 107° IV. Post-office, Santa Fe, New Mexico. The post is situated at the headwaters of the Rio Puerco of the West. Zuni, thii three miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters.— For two hundred men, built of rough logs, (only temporary liars.) dirt roofs, and in poor condition. Officers' quarters built of logs, temporary portion of adobe with dirt roofs, excepting one — shingle. Storehouses.— One, built of adobe, 100 feet square outside, with interior square, (good shingle roof over all,) containing six rooms, viz: One, 86 by 20, (quartermaster;) one, 83 by 20, (commissary;) one, 56 by 20, (forage ;) one, 20 by 8, (ordnance:) and two, I'D by 20, for offices; average height of rooms, 17 feet. Considerable storage capacity in addition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital and guard house built of logs. Adjutant's office, frame, shingle roof: bake house built of stone— all in fair condition. Saw-mill, frame, board roof. Temporary quarters for laundresses, ^c, log and adobe. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots ate at Tort I nion, New Mexico, two hundred and eighty miles distant. The route of supply is by Government and contractors' trains, over direct wagon-road from Fort Union, crossing the Rio Grande by ferry at high water; open at all seasons. SUBSISTENCE. — Six months" supply is usually kept on hand. WATER AND "WOOD. — The post is .supplied with water from an excellent spring known as the Ojo del Oso, running a large and permanent stream. Wood is furnished by the labor of the troops. INDIANS. — Nearest Indians are the Navajoes and Zuni Pueblo. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Comjiuncation. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Reservation.— The resen ation has not been declared by the President. One hundred square miles held as reserved. Description of country, &c— Surrounding country— wooded mesas and valleys, valleys arable and well watered— well adapted for settlements. General elevation above sea-level, about 7,700 feet. Crops of wheat, barley, com, &c. Gardens at post. . Grass, good grama, bottom and upland, abound, depending a good deal on rainy season— June, July, August, and September. Timber abundant— large pine, (white,) jack-oak, pinon, and forests of cedar. Soil, heavy still' white and red clay— the best adobe material on the continent. Fine building-stone can be obtained in abun- dance within a short distance. Streams small, rise in summer— fordable. Climate mild, generally dry and healthy; seasons generally cool for latitude, owing to elevation; average range of ther- mometer, (F.) spring, 35° : summer, d ; autumn. 52° : winter, 27°. No settlements. 21(3 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT ZARAH, KANSAS. (Established 1SC8. This post was directed to be abondoned by Special Orders No. L85, Head- quarters Department of the Missouri, dated October G, 1869.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL N. NOLAN, CAPTAIN, TENTH CAVALRY, VUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 38 c 30' ; longitude from Greenwich, 9S C 45'. Forty-five miles from Ellsworth, Kansas, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For one hundred men; built of brown sandstone, in good condition. Storehouses. — One, containing two rooms, 25 by 30 and 22A by 30 feet, respectively. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — No hospital. Guardhouse, log building, 15 by 1">. Bake- house constructed of lumber, and blacksmith's shop of adobe. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort Leaven- worth, Kansas, two hundred and sixty-seven miles distant. The route of supply is via Fort Ilarker. Kansas; seldom closed, except by floods, which occur about twice in the spring and summer seasons, or by snow-storms in the winter months, which arc rare. Subsistence. — One month's supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from a well in the immediate vicinity. Wood is supplied by the labor of the troops. .Mixes. — Coal mine at Wilson's Creek, Kansas, distant forty-nine miles. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Four miles square held as resen ed. Description of COUNTRY, &c. — In the vicinity of the creeks the land is arable, and nearly all the root-crops might be raised, and such other crops as would not expose too much leaf and branch over the surface to the action of the violent winds. The grass is abundant in this vicinity — good for all kinds of stock. Timber, cotton-wood, elm, and some walnut. Soil, heavy brown clay. Streams rise during March, April, and May. Seasons — winter, extremely cold, with cutting winds from north and east; spring, very changeable, with wind and rain storms of great violence; sum- mer, hot, the thermometer rising to 115° : autumn, warm and dry. The locality is very healthy, no diseases being reported at this post tor six months, ending July 31, 1869. No population nearer than Ellsworth, Kansas, and settlements on Smoky Creek, distant forty live miles. DEPARTMENT OF THE PLATTE. COSTS DESCE Ml K I). Bridger, fort, Wyoming Territory. Douglas, Camrj, I tah Ten itorj . Fetterman, Fort, Wyoming Territory. Kearney, Fort, Nebraska. Laramie, Kent. Wyoming Territory. McPberson, Fort, Nebraska. North Platte Station, Nebraska. Ogallala Station, Nebraska. ( tuiali.i Bai racks, Mi braska. Plum Creek Station. Nebraska. Russell, 1». A., Fort, Wyoming Territory. Sanders, Fort, Wyoming Ti rrit ■ ick, Fort, < lolorado Territory. Sidney stat ion, Nebraska. Steele, Frederick. Fort, Wyoming Territory. FORT BRIDGER, WYOMING TERRITORY. (Established L857. INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL C. C. GILBERT, LIEUTENANT COLONELS, SKYENTII INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 41° L8' 12" ; longitude from Greenwich, 110 32' 3S". Post-office at the post. Carter's Station, Wyoming Territory, on ETnion Pacific Railroad, ten miles distant, (south,) the nearest town or settlement. Quarters.— For three hundred men; buill of logs in 1S57 ; condition tolerably good, uui going to decay. Store-houses.— Three, two built of stone and one of boards, LOO by 10 feet, 52 by 25 feet, and lio by 28 feet respectively; one new and two old; require new roofs. Hospital, guard-house, &c — Hospital built of logs and lumber; condition good. Guard- house built of stone; condition good. All other public buildings built of logs in 1857; in bad condition, roofs leaky. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Cheyenne, near Fort 1). A. Russell, Wyoming Territory, three hundred and fifty live miles distant by rail. The route of supply is by the I nion Pacific Eailroad ; obstructed sometimes from November until April by snow; summer and fall the best seasons for transporting supplies. Subsistence.— Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood.— The post is supplied with water from a stream known as "Black's Fork," running through the center of the post; water good and abundant. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Shoshones, Bannacks, and Ptes. Mines. — Sweetwater gold mines, distant one hundred and twenty miles, south. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. RESERVATION. — The reservation was declared in 1857 or 1858, and was surveyed in October and November, IS58. Twenty miles wide, limn east to west, and twenty-fire miles long, from north to .south. Description OF COUNTRY, &c— The laud in the valleys is arable near the streams, and is well watered. Barley, oats, and wheat have been raised on Smith's Fork, within ten miles of the 28 218 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. fort. Grass (bottom) abundant iu the valleys, and bunch grass of excellent quality on the benches. There is a post garden, in which is raised potatoes, beets, radishes, turnips, cabbage, and lettuce. but it is necessary to irrigate it. Soil alluvial. Timber twenty miles distant — pine, cottonwood, and quaking-ash. Streams rise in May and June; always fordable. Climate temperate during the greater" part of the year; not usual for severe weather before middle of December, when frequent snow-storms and high winds prevail until April; more rain falls during May and June than during the balance of the year. Altitude seven thousand feet above the level of the sea. Average tem- perature in 1868, 39°. 01 ; average during last ten years. 12°.90. Health of locality is proverbially good. The only population in the vicinity is a few mountaineers, living in cabins, on the water- courses. CAMP DOUGLAS, WYOMING TERRITORY. Established October 26, 1862.) INFORMATION GIVEN i:i BREVET MAJOE GENERAL JOHN GIBBON, COLONEL, SEVENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFK ER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude Lb 16' 02"; longitude from Greeuwich, 111 53' 34". Post-office, Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, three miles distant, the nearest town or settlement, starters. — For about four hundred men, built of logs, in poor condition. STORE-norsF.s. — Four : capacity, 200,000 rations each ; condition, fair ; needs repairs. Hospital, guardhouse, &c. — Hospital built of logs; in poor condition. Guard-house built of stone. Magazine and ordnance store houses, built of stone; all in good condition. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort 1). A. Russell, Wyoming Territory, five hundred and forty-three miles distant. The route of supplyisbj Union Pacific Railroad to Unitah, five hundred and eight miles; thence by wagon-road, thirty-live miles to post : obstructed sometimes by snow during the months of December. .January. February. March and April : best season for transporting supplies, from May to November. Subsistence. — Ten months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water by trenches running from a ravine di- rectly in the rear of the post. Wood is supplied by contract. INDIANS. — Nearest Indians are the Utes. MINES. — Mines of gold, silver, and copper, in the vicinity, but none as yet much developed. COMMUNICATION. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Reservation. — Reservation not yet declared ; it has been surveyed, and application made to have it declared. Two miles square held reserved. Description of country, &c— Land arable. -No timber in immediate vicinity. Irrigated by numerous streams from Wasatch Mountain, directly in rear of post. All the ordinary crops (wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn. &c.,) can be successfully cultivated ; excellent gardens. Grass, tini- othy, clover, and red-top; sage-brush on the mountains, and in neighborhood of post. Grasshop pers occasionally very destructive. White pine and <• (ttonwood in canons about twenty miles dis- tant. Soil light and sandy. Streams rise in spring ; fordable. Climate dry and bracing ; average temperature, spring, 51°; summer. 7i .' ■ No settlements in the vicinitv. 220 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT KEARNEY, NEBRASKA. (Established as Fort Cliilds, Indian Territory, 1848. Designation changed to Fort Kearney, March, 1849.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY CAPTAIN EDWIN POLLOCK, NINTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COM- MANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude I" 33' ; longitude from Greenwich, 99° 06'. Post-office at the post. Kearney City, Nebraska, two miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. The post is situated on the south bank of the Platte River, and about a quarter of a mile from it. Quarters. — For one hundred and twenty men; frame buildings, (pine and cotton-wood.) unfit f >r habitation, but being repaired. Store-houses. — Four, with capacity for supplies lor two companies; require some repairs. EOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Hospital, &c. ; frame buildings, (pine and cotton-wood;) capacity ample: all in need of repairs. SUPPLY-DEPOT, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Omaha. Ne- braska, one hundred and ninety miles distant. The route of supply is by the Union Pacific Rail- road to Kearney Station ; thence by Government wagons to post — about live miles: occasionally closed tor a few days at a time by floating ice in the Platte River; the best season for transporting supplies is from August 1 until January 1. SUBSISTENCE. — Three months' supply is usually kept on hand. W.vter AND WOOD. — The post is supplied with water by wells. Wood supplied by contract. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. COMMUNICATION. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President under date of January 18, 184'J. Ten miles square reserved. Description of country, &c. — The Platte River at this point is about nine miles wide, and tilled with islands on which hay can be cut. A range of hills of sandy formation skirt the valley on the south side; the range is from one to two miles wide. South of these hills, distant to the Republican Fiver, is about fortj miles of table-land slightly undulating. The whole of the country is prairie, and is supposed to be, with little exception, arable, capable of yielding good crops of wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, fruit, and all kinds of vegetables that grow in the same latitude in the Eastern States. Soil, sandy loam, yielding annually large crops of grass suited for grazing pur- poses. The past year there has been a sufficiency of water. Timber is scarce, and grows upon the islands in the Platte River, and upon the banks of the Republican and Blue Rivers, and on Turkey Creek. About forty miles south of the post are large quantities of cedar, oak, and ash, all of which will grow if transplanted ; fifty trees are now growing at the post which have been transplanted. The Platte River generally rises about the 1st of June, and remains so for about two months; it seldom overflows its banks, and is fordable at this point for about ten months of the year: the livei- lied was dry during the months of August and September, 1863. The locality is very health \ . serious local diseases being unknown. Settlements — Kearney City, two miles west of the post: Kearney Station, on the Union Pacific Railroad, six miles from the post; Wood River settlement, ten to thirty miles distant — a valley nearly parallel to the Platte River; Grand Island, west, on the Union Pacific Railroad, about forty miles distant ; Junctions ille, on the south side of the Plat tc River, about thirty-five miles east. South of the Platte River, in all the scattering settlements, there are about fifteen hundred inhabitants. Agriculture is the general occupation of the settlers, ami there is considerable trading done at the towns of Kearney, Wood River, and Grand Island. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 221 FORT LARAMIE, WYOMING TERRITORY. (Established August 12, I INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER-GENERAL I. F. FLINT, COLONEL. FOURTH [NFANTRY, AUGUST, 18G9, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude I- 12' 38"; Longitude from Greenwich, 10J 31 2C . Post-office at the post. Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, ninety miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For five hundred and fifty-four men — four sets of wooden buildings, and two sets adobe — iii good condition. Officers' quarters, seven buildings — lour of adobe and three frame, with adobe lining; all in good condition except one. Store-houses. — Five, viz: Quartermaster's, one; capacity, IS,900 cubic feet; commissary, two; capacity, 32, too cubic feet ; clothing-room, one ; capacity, 80,000 cubic feet ; grain-house, capacity . 100,000 cubic feet; all wooden buildings, rough boards, and battened, excepting clothing-room, frame; condition, good. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, frame and adobe, good. Guard-house, built of stone. good. Magazine, stone, good. Bakery, frame, poor. Post office, adobe, poor. Three laundresses' quarters, two poor and one good. One building for quartermaster's employes, adobe, good. One carpenter's shop, one wagon-shop, and one saddler's shop, all frame buildings, good. Five company kitchens, four adobe and one frame, (adobe lined.) in good condition. SUPPLY-DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at •■('amp Carl ing," near Cheyenne, eighty-nine miles distant. The route of supply is from Cheyenne, (on Onion Pacific Railroad,) by Government wagons: practicable throughout the year: summer and autumn the best seasons for transporting supplies. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood.— The post is supplied with water from the Laramie river b\ water wa - Wood supplied by contract. INDIAN*. — Nearest Indians are the Sioux. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Beservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President under date of dune 28, 1869, as announced and described in General Orders No. 34, Qeadquai Department of the Platte, dated June 3, 1869; fifty-four square miles. Description of < 01 ntry, &C. — Land well adapted for grazing. Grass, good. Timber, prin- cipally cottonwood along the water-courses and ravines. No crops can be raised or gardens sus tained but by constant irrigation. Platte and Laramie Rivers usually lis.' about the middle of May, and continue high from one to two mouths; -not fordable during that time. Climate, healthy; autumn and winter, mild: summer, dry and sultry; spring, usually rainy; high winds prevalent throughout the year. No settlements nearer than Cheyenne. Wyoming Territory. FORT McPHERSoN, NEBRASKA. (Established February 20, I860. Originally known (1S63) as "Cantonment McKean," and also as " Cottonwood Sprinj INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM II. EMORY, COLONEL, FIFTH CAVALRY, UJGUST, l 69, THE I OMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 1C: longitude from Greenwich, 100° 30'. Post-office, Cottonwood Springs, Nebraska. Platte City. Nebraska, twelve miles distant, the nearest town or settlement o carters.— For live companies, built of logs, with shingle roofs; a portion of the buildings are entirely frame, well chinked, plastered, and spacious, with large windows. Officers' quarters, 222 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. constructed of boards, lathed and plastered, with shingle roofs. Adobe houses better adapted for the climate Stork in uses. — Quartermaster's, two log buildings; one 300 feet long and 30 feet wide — 30 feet high each ; afford security for stores against the weather. Commissary, one portable building'. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, constructed of logs, well plastered, shingle roof — a good, substantial building. Guard-house, log building, shingle roof. Laundresses' quarters, log- building, shingle roofs. Buildings are all leaky, but it seldom rains. Four stables, very indiffer- ent; one other stable, making the fifth, about being completed, will be excellent. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence-depots are at Omaha, Ne- braska, two hundred and eighty-sis miles distant. The route of supply is by the Union Pacific Railroad, from < Mnaha to McPherson Station, distant seven miles ; thence across one branch of the Platte River by temporary bridge, and over the other brandies by ford. In the springthe Platte rises and washes away the temporary bridge, and makes communication with Union Pacific Railroad Station, distant only seven miles, very uncertain and hazardous. The best season for transporta- tion is from 1st of July until 31st of March. Transportation from railroad station to post done by contract, at 48 cents the hundred. Subsistence. — Three months' supply is usually kept on hand. WATER and wood. — The post is supplied with wafer from the Platte River, about 000 yards distant. Wood supplied by contract. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Seven miles from the post is McPherson Station, on the Union Pacific Railroad. RESERVATION. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. A post order, dated June 24, 1866, has declared the following, viz: " Commencing at a point one mile south of the flag stall', from the center of the parade; thence two miles east, thence four miles north, thence four miles west, thence four miles south, thence two miles east, to the place of beginning." Description op country, &c. — Not arable. No timber, crops, or gardens. Grass good, about three miles from the post. Soil sandy. Platte River rises in April, and falls in July ; ford- able about seven months of the year. Climate very dry; estimated average monthly tempera- ture for twelve months ending June 3(1, 1869, 51°.51; health of locality exceedingly good. There are three ranches or settlements on the reservation, two of them occupying the ground before the post was established, and believed to have good pre-emption claims. Grass of good quality can be harvested on Brady's Island, sufficient to make hay for a division of cavalry, and as this position commands the buffalo range to the south, it will, probably, always be a cavalry station of import- ance, at least so long as there is a hostile Indian on the plains, so that, in my opinion, all of Brady's Island, embraced by producing the north and south liuesof the reservation to the north, or farthest side of the island, should be declared within the reservation. 1 have no doubt that gardens of t lie finest quality might be maintained on the island by irrigation ; to accomplish this a wind-mill to raise the water would be necessary. No settlements in the immediate vicinity of the post. NORTH PLATTE STATION, NEBRASKA. (Established 1SG7.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET 1.1KI TENANT COLONEL ('. 1>. EMORY, CAPTAIN, NINTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICES AT Till; TIME. Location. — Latitude U°; longitude from Greenwich, ion 50'. Post-office, North Platte City, adjoining the post. The post is situated between and within one and a half miles west of the junction of the North and South Platte Rivers, and on the line of the I nioii 1'acilic Railroad. Quarters. — For one company; built of pine lumber. Officers' quarters, one set: built of pine lumber; condition poor, need repairs DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 223 Store-houses. — One. Quartermaster and commissary, buill of pine lumber; capacity for supplies for one company : condition poor. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — No liospital. Guard-house built of pine lumber ; condition, pour. Supply-depots, &o. — The. nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Omalia, Nebraska, two hundred and ninety one miles distant. The route of supply is by the Union Pacific Railroad; open at all seasons. Subsistence. — Four to six months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water a:\ii wood.— The post is supplied with water from wells. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Pawnees. Mines.— None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication.— Between post and nearest town is by Union Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — No reservation proper. The plan of the post embraces about eight acj i Description of country, &c. — The land between the North and South Platte Rivers is a level plain, with bluffs on the opposite sides of both forks at an average distance of one and two miles; the land, generally, is adapted to cultivation, and will produce most of the cereal crops. Vegetables are. not cultivated to any extent. A garden has been made, and it is believed that good vegetables can be raised. Grass good for grazing. Water plenty. Timber. Cottonwood, and very .scarce. Rivers high from April until July, fordable at other times. Railroad bridge over the North Platte, which can be crossed by men on foot. Climate temperate. Health of locality excellent. North Platte has a population of about three hundred and fifty. OGALLALA STATION, NEBRASKA. (Not known when established.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR S. S. SUMNER, CAPTAIN, FIFTH CAVALRY, OCTOBER, 1--'. THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 41°; longitude from Greenwich, 102. Post-office at the post. North Platte, Nebraska, fifty-one miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. The post is situated on the line of the Union Pacific Railroad. Quarters. — None. Store-houses.— Non e. Hospital, guard-house, &c — None. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, one hundred and seventy-five miles distant. The route of supply is by the Union Pacific Railroad. Subsistence. — One month's supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the South Platte River. Wood supplied by contract. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the pest. Communication. — Between the post and nearest town is by Union Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — No reservation. Description of country, &c — Land not arable. No timber. Watered by the South Platte River, which rises in .June; fordable at this point. Grass, common prairie. Soil sandy. Climate dry; seasons temperate. Health of locality good. North Platte, (excepting railroad stations.! the nearest town or settlement, contains a population of five hundred. 224 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. OMAHA BARRACKS, NEBRASKA. stablisked 1868.) INFORMATION GIVEN in BREVE! BRIGADIER GENERAL I. N. PALMER, COLONEL, SECOND CAVALRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 41° 20'; longitude from Greenwich, 96°. Post-office, Omaha City. Nebraska, the nearest town or settlement — three miles distant. Quarters. — For one regiment of infantry, frame buildings, filled in with brick ; built in 1868 and 1S(.',!. Store-houses. — 'Two. Quartermaster and commissary, with ample capacity for all public property required to be kept at post. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital (large and commodious) and guard-house, frame buildings, filled in with brick. Supply-depots, &0. — Quartermaster and subsistence depots at Omaha, Nebraska, three miles distant. The route of supply is by Missouri Liver and railroad. SUBSISTENCE. — One and two months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from wells. Wood supplied by contract. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. COMMUNICATION. — Between pest and nearest town is by wagon road. Steamboat landing and railroad depot (Union Pacific) about three miles distant. Reservation. — No reservation lias been declared by the President. Eighty acres are held as reserved. Description of country, &g. — All the country in the vicinity is arable and extremely fertile; it is not heavily timbered, but the oak, elm, walnut, and maple are being extensively and annually planted; cotton-wood grows on the streams. Water, in ordinary seasons, is not found in great abundance away from the Missouri River, but every crop and species of grain or fruit known in the Middle. Northern, or Western States can be grown in great abundance. The gardens areof the finest description. The grasses are not yet cultivated to any great extent, the wild prairie being almost the only one known. Soil, muck and loam, apparently inexhaustible. The Missouri River has its never failing rise in the spring; there is generally very little water in the smaller streams from May until November, excepting in very rainy seasons. Climate temperate and con- sidered healthy: the thermometer ranges seldom above 96° in summer, or below 8° in winter. Omaha contains at present a population of eighteen thousand ; no other settlements worth noticing in the vicinity ; the land for twenty or thirty miles around is taken up by small fanners. PLUM CREEK STATION, NEBRASKA. (Established 1867.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY lli;si LIEI L'ENANT J. R. HARDENBERGH, NINTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, l~i;:», THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 41°; longitude from Greenwich, 101°. Post-office at the post. The posl is situated on the line of the Union Pacific Railroad, in the valley of the Platte River. North Platte City, Nebraska, ten miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters.— Tents. Store aoi ses. — None. Hospital, guard-house, &c — None. Supply-depots, &c — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at Fort McPher- sou, Nebraska, fifty-five miles distant. The route of supply is by the Union Pacific Railroad; obstructed when snows are heavy in winter, when the road is blocked for days and weeks: summer season best for transporting supplies. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 225 Si insistence. — <>iie mouth's supply is usually kepi on band. Water and "\vooi>. — The post is supplied with water by wells. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians ate the Pawnees. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Commi nication. — Between post ami nearest town is by Union Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — No land held reserved. Description of country, &c. — The land is not arable, excepting in a lew places by irriga- tion. No gardens. Heavy dark grass on the bottoms near the river, good lor hay in winter: buffalo-grass in the valley ; good for grazing. Soil sandy. Timber scarce, and only on the islands in the Plaite River, of no use except for fuel. Streams rise in June, and continue high for about a month or six weeks; river not fordable at such times, and at low water the crossing is dangerous owing to quicksands. Climate, dry — very severe in winter, and intensely hot in summer; health of locality very good. FORT D. A. RUSSELL, WYOMING TERRITORY. i Established July 31, 1867.) INFORMATION GIVEN B\ BKEVET .MA. Mil,' GENERAL .1. II. KING, COLONEL, NINTH INFANTRY, AUGU&T, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICEE AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude il° 08'; longitude from Greenwich, LOJ 45'. Post-office, Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, about three miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For twelve hundred men, built of pine lumber; condition, fair — need some repairs. Officers' quarters, thirty-two sets, in good condition. S tore-houses. — Two — 25 by 100 feet each — 12 feethigh, bad condition. leaky; roofs require to be shingled: they are now simply boarded, and thelumber having shrunk, they leak badly; stores cannot be kept in good condition unless some repairs are made. HOSPITAL, GUARD-HOUSE, &C. — Hospital built of wood, (pine lumber;) capacity, forty-eight beds. Guard-house built of pine lumber, with watch-tower. Eight stables. Blacksmith's and carpenter's shops and granary in fair condition, built of pine lumber. Thirty laundresses' quarters, very small, built of logs, in very poor condition. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermasters and subsistence depots are at "Camp Calling," one and a half miles distant. The route of supply is from Omaha to Cheyenne via Union Pacific Rail- road; summer and fall best seasons for transporting supplies ; Union Pacific Railroad best method ; open at all seasons. Subsistence — One month's supply is usually kept on hand. WATER AND 'Wood. — The post is supplied with water from ('row Creek, i about two hundred yards distant,) by steam force-pump. Wood supplied by contract. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by good wagon-road to Cheyenne, on line of the Union Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President under date of June 2s. L869, as described and announced in General Orders No. 34, Headquarters Department of the Platte, June .".. 1869. Pour thousand live hundred and twelve acres. Description OF country, &c. — A plain almost level, without timber, well watered. Short • rops of wheat, rye. oats, corn, and barley might be raised. Grasshoppers numerous and destruc- tive. Efforts have been made toward planting a garden, but without success. Soil heavy and full of gravel, scantily covered with bunch grass. Timber twenty-five miles distant. Streams are easily lorded. Climate dry aud warm iu spring and summer ; very cold in winter: average temperature for past twelvemonths, spring, 41°.81 ; summer, 67°.30 ; autumn, 50°.46 ; writer, 30°.33 — gen- erally very healthy. No settlements in tin immediate vicinity. ■_".i 226 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT SANDERS, WYOMING TERRITORY. (Established Jane 23, 1866. INFORMATION GIVEN i;\ BREVETB RIGADIER GENERAL J. IJ POTTER, LIEI t'ENANT COLONEL, FOURTH* INFANTRY, AUG1 ST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude ll 13' 01"; longitude from Greenwich, 105 30' 22". Postofflce, Lar- amie City, Wyoming Territory, two and three-quarter miles distant, the nearest town or settle- ment. Quarters. — For six companies, limit ol logs; in poor condition. Officers' quarters, log build- ings; in good condition. Store-houses. — Five — quartermaster's, two, LOO 1>\ 30 feet, built of logs, in good condition; commissary, three, 50 by 32 feet, built of logs, nnlil for storage. Hospital, guard-house, &c- Bospital built of logs. Guard-house buill of stone. Maga zine built of stone. Block house and cavalry stables built of logs — all in good condition. Quar- termaster's stable temporary structure of pine planks, not suitable for the purpose. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort 1). A. Russell, Wyoming Territory, fiftj -three miles distant, by Union Pacific Railroad, and forty-three miles by wagon-road. The route of supply is by the railroad; closed during a few days in winter; sup- plies can be transported at all seasons. SUBSISTENCE. — Six months* supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood.— The post is supplied with water by a creek. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Arapahoes, Utes, and Sioux. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is b\ the Union Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President under date of June 2S, 1869, as announced and described in General Orders No. 34, Headquarters Department of the Platte, dated June 3, 1869 ; nine square mile's. Description op country, &c. — Country in vicinity, rolling prairie. Timber iu canons, eight miles distant, pine, fir, and cotton-wood. Soil good, partially'alkali, requires irrigation; plenty of water for this purpose. Potatoes, Turnips, beets, carrots, parsnips, peas, beans. ,\c.. can be raised. Grass excellent and abundant. Streams are high in .luly and August: generally fqrdable. Climate healthy; average temperature, August 1, 1868, to July 31, 1869, 10°.38. Settlements, Laramie City and some stock ranches. Laramie Plains and surrounding country cannot lie excelled for raising stock of all kinds. FORT SEDGWICK, COLORADO TERRITORY. ' (Established May 19, 1861.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL K. F. TOWNSEND, MAJOR, NINTH INFANTRY, u GUST.1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 41; longitude from Greenwich, I02 c 30'. Post-office, Julesbnrg, Nebraska, three and a half miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For four companies; three sets adobe, and one set portable frame, in good condi- tion, excepting one adobe set unrooted. Officers' quarters, five sets, two portable frame buildings, and three built of adobe: condition good. Store-houses. — Three quartermaster's and one commissary — boards battened, in good condi- tion ; capacity for four or live months' supplies for four companies. Bospital, gi ard hoi se, &c. — Hospital built of adobe — large and in good condition. Guard house, boards, not considered safe. One cavalry-stable. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 227 Supply-depots, &<'. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at Omaha, Nebraska, three hundred and seventy seven miles distant. The route of supplyis from ( (maha via Union Pacific Railroad. The South Platte River is not fordable for teams in very wet seasons. April and May, and September, « October, and November are fin 1 best months in tin- year for transporting supplies by wagons. Subsistence. — Six to seven months' supply is usually kept on hand. WATER AND WOOD. — The post is supplied with water from wells, and from South Platte River. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Sioux, (north ;) Cheyennes and Arapahoes, (south.) None within a hundred miles. Mines. — None are known in the vicinitj of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road, across the South Platte to Union Pacific Railroad, distant three and a half miles. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President under date of June 28, 1809, as described and announced in General Orders No. 34, Headquarters Department of the Platte, June ■'!. 18G9. Sixty-four square miles. Description of country, &c. — Wild prairie laud. No timber. Watered by South Platte River. No crops have ever been raised. First garden made this spring (1869) destroyed totally by hail-storm; would succeed very well. Splendid grass, buffalo and tall bottom. Soil, coarse sand and gravel. Riverrises[in June, and declines in August ; fordable except in June, .Inly, and August cf wet seasons. Climate very healthy and dry. Seasons very. dry, except in spring; very heavy winds at all seasons, generally from the northwest. No settlements nearer than fifty miles on south side of South Platte River; population of Julesburg, twenty. Came very scarce. A few- fish in Lodge Pole Creek, opposite the post. No birds. SYDNEY STATION, NEBRASKA. i Established ISC7. INFORMATION GrVEN B1 BREVET MAJOR FREDERICK MEARS, CAPTAIN, NINTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869. THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude U°; Longitude from Greenwich, L03 . Post oilice at the post. Chey- enne City, Nebraska, one hundred and two miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. The post is situated on the line of the Union Pacific Railroad, and in the Lodge Pole Creek Valley. Quarters. — For one company: wooden portable building; condition poor. Store-houses. — Two. Quartermaster and commissary — the first in bad condition, and the latter fair; capacity for three mouths' supplies for two companies; capacity of both store-houses utterly inadequate. Hospital, guard-house, &< .—None. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Omaha. Nebraska, four hundred and fourteen miles distant. The route of supply is by the Union Pacific Railroad; not yet known to be obstructed. Subsistence.— Three months" supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water by a well. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Sioux, Cheyennes. and Arapahoes. Mines.— None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Betweeu post and nearest town is by Union and Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — No reservation. A site of one mile squ ire has been selected, but not yet determined upon. Description he country, &o. — No arable land. No timber, crops, or gardens. Grassshort, and only fit for sheep-grazing. Soil, clay and alkaline. Lodge Pole Creek rises in March and June, fordable throughout the year. Climate healthy and seasons regular. Sidney Station contains a Population of about eighty. 228 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT FRED STEELE, WYOMING TERRITORY. i Established June 30, L868 INFORMATION GIVEN RY CAPTAIN C. C. RAWN, SEVENTH [NFANTRY, A I (JUST. 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 41° 48'; longitude from Greenwich, 107° 09'. Post-office at the post. St. Mary's, about twelve miles distant, the neatest town or settlement. Quarters. — For five companies, built of wood, chinked in with mortar, well Homed, and each provided with a piazza running along one face; condition very good. Officers' quarters, wooden buildings, in process of construction. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's, two buildings at right angles, 130 by 30 feet each ; commis- sary, one, 80 by 30 feet, with cellar for storage of vegetables. Branch track of Union Pacific nail- road alongside. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital in one of the barracks, affording very good accommo- dation. Guard-house in process of construction of wood. Headquarters building being erected of stoue. Bakery, 40 by 20 feet. Ice-house, 50 by 32 by 12 ; capacity, about 000 tons. Corral covers an area of 250 feet square; sheds of 7 feet high, and 21 feet deep ; accommodations for two hun- dred and sixty animals; condition of buildings generally good. The work at the post is being pushed forward, and, as soon as the officers' quarters are completed, the " bottom " will be vacated. SuprLY-DEPOTS, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Fort 1>. A. Russell, Wyoming Territory, one hundred and seventy-six miles distant, by Cniou Pacific Railroad. The route of supply is by railroad ; obstructed occasionally in winter by heavy snows : best season for transporting supplies is in the fall and summer. Subsistence. — Six months' supply is usually kepi on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the North Platte River. Wood supplied by contract. Mines. — Coal mines at Carbon — forty one miles distant. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by Union Pacific Railroad. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President under date of June 28, 1800, as described and aunouuced in General Orders No. 34, Headquarters Department of the Platte, June 3, 1800. Thirty six square miles. Description op country, &c. — The country, with the exception of some of the bottoms along the river, is exceedingly sterile and desolate — barren sandy bluffs and alkali plains, with but little vegetation, save the sage-brush and grease-wood, which are abundant. A garden has been at- tempted, but the result seems to warrant the statement thai the season is too short generally for garden vegetables. Timber, principally cotton-wootl, with some pine and fir, exists to a small extent on the bottoms : the majority has been consumed for buildings at the post. North Platte River is subject to rise in June; good fords are above, below, and opposite the post. Climate very dry; elevation about 7,000 feet above sea level ; average temperature for May, 1869, was 52 ; for June, C2°.27; the health of the locality is excellent. Elk, antelope, black tailed deer, mountain sheep, large and small hare, and sage-hens in the vicinity of post. fVFPARTMENT OF DAKOTA POSTS DESCRI B E l>. Abercrombie, Foi i . 1 Dakota Territory . Buford, Fort, Dakota Territory. ( looke, ( 'amp, Montana Territory . Ellis, Fort, Montana Territory . Randall, Fort, Dakota Territory. Ransom, Tort. Dakota Territory. Rice, Fort, Dakota Territory. Ripley, Foi i. Minnesota. Slia w . 1 'orl . Montana Territory. Snelling, Fort, Minnesota. enson, Fort, Dakota Territory. Sullj . Fort, Dakota Territory . Totteu, Fort, Dakota Territory. Wadswortb, Fort, Dakota FORT ABERCROMBIE. DAKOTA TERRITORY. (Established 1857.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL I.. C. HINT, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, TWEN- TIETH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude b'> 27'; longitude, from Greenwich, 96 c 28'. Post office at the post. Saint < '!fficers' quarters — wooden buildings, badly built, badly arranged, and in poor condition. Store-houses. — Three. Quartermaster's, oar, 80 by 20 feet ; commissary, two, 101 by 26 and 110 by 26 feet respectively; capacity ample. No provision having been made for draining the cellar of one of the buildings, the brick side walls were undermined and gave way ; replaced, and a "dry well" dug: condition of buildings generally fair. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital nearly new. wooden buildings; ai ommodatiou for twelve patients. Guard-house built of hewn logs, secure, but badly ventilated. .Magazine, of brick, badly built ; lias recently been strengthened by external supports. Stable nearly new, well arranged : accommodation for sixty animal?. No oat-lionses. Saw-mill within a mile and a half. Drainage of the post very bad and difficult. SurrLY-DEPOTS, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots area! Saint Paul. Min- nesota, two hundred and forty-five miles distant. The route of supply is by rail to SaiutCloud : thence by wagons in the summer, and by sleds in winter. During November, and aftersevere snowstorms. the roads are frequently impracticable for either wagons or sleds, and during the lat ter part of April, and nearly all of May, the streams rise and overflow the roads, carrying away bridges, and making the road impracticable for loaded wagons', duly. August. September, and October the best months for transporting supplies. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — Theposl is supplied with water from the Red River bj wagon. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Sisseton, Medawkanton. Wahpeton and Yankton Dakotas, on the south and west; Chippewas on the north and east. 230 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is l»y a triweekly line of stages, connecting with railroad at Saint Cloud ; time, three days. Reservation. — Reservation not yet declared. Surveyed in L867, and contains an area ol twenty-two square miles, embracing both sides of Red River. Description of country. &c.— Land, prairie and fertile, not well drained. The soil is a rich dark loam, containing much magnesia and soda, and underlaid with a stratum of stiff blue or yellow clay; it repays the labor of the farmers, and all the cereals and vegetables grow well and abundantly. The country is excellent for stock raising, all kinds of prairie grass being plentiful. Timber is found only along the river bank — chiefly oak and elm, with sonic poplar and iron-wood, but it is so scarce that it should be protected by law. Red river at its lowest stage is fordable in many places above the post, (south,) but nowhere below, (north.) In the spring it rises rapidly, sometimes forty feet above its usual level. Climate from four to five months of the year very cold. frequently 40° below zero, and in the summer 100° in the shade; between these extremes the mean annual temperature is 39°; health of the locality excellent: no epidemic diseases prevail. FORT BUFORD, DAKOTA TERRITORY. (Established June i.">. (.866.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL If. A. MORROW, LIEUTENANT COLONEL THIR- TEENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. LOCATION. — Latitude 18 ; longitude from Greenwich, L04°. The post is situated on the north bank of the Missouri river near the mouth of the Yellowstone. Fort Benton, head of Missouri river navigation, one hundred and thirty-two miles above the post by river, and five hundred miles by land, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For three hundred men, built of adobe, in tolerably good condition. Store-houses. — Two, built of adobe — quartermaster's, 236 by 24 feel ; commissary, 200 b\ 24 feet; condition good. Additional store-houses are required. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital built of adobe, 124 by 24: feet, in good condition — not built for the purpose, and therefore lacks many accommodations. No guardhouse. The entire post should be rebuilt if it is to be permanent. Supply-depots, <\''. — Quartermaster and subsistence depots at Saint Louis. Missouri, two thousand two hundred and thirty- three miles distant. "The route of supply is by the river, which is closed for navigation early in the fall. Supplies should lie sent early in the spring, as many articles spoil later in the season. Fresh vegetables are always needed, and some means should be devised to supply potatoes at least. Subsistence. — To June 30, (.871, ou hand, bul of many articles a far greater supply is on hand. Water and "WOOD. — The posl is supplied with water from the Missouri River, a distance of seven hundred and fifty yards, by wagon. There are wells, but the water is not good. Wood sup plied by contract, and cut on the reservation. Indians.— Nearest (Julians are the Assinaboines, Gros Ventres, > friendly,) Sioux, I nk papas, and Cut Heads, (hostile.) MINES. — None are known in the \ ieinitx of the post. • Cummi nication. — Between post and nearest town is b\ the Missouri l.'iver. No public land conveyance. Reservation. — The reservation on which the posl is situated has not been declared bj the I 'resident. Thirty miles square held reserved, as described and announced in General Orders No. LM, Headquarters Department of Dakota, dated Julj 16, 1868. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS ^.ND STATIONS. 23J I (escription of coi ntry, Ov ( '. — The count n around the post is uot arable. A plain of per- haps two miles in width stretches from the river to a ridge of bills, the ancient banks of the Mis- souri River; this plain would produce crops if il could be irrigated. Thecouutry is badly watered. Occasionally along the river, strips of land are found capable of producing corn and vegetables; a garden has been made, and good vegetables maj be raised it' properlj watered. The soil is alkali. Timber, cotton- w 1, which makes \ ery inferior lumber. The Missouri River has its rise in June ; during the summer season it is not fordable, but in the fall it may be crossed in many places. The grass is what is known as buffalo-grass. Tke climate is one of extremes, being excessively not in summer, and extremely cold in winter. The extreme beat of summer is of shorl dura! ion. and the nights are always cool ; winter sets in early in December, and lasts until near the first of April- The cold is continuous and sc\ ere : v\ iud and snow storms are of common occurrence ; suow some times Calls to a depth of two feet, which is the greatest depth ever known hen-. The atmosphere is dry, and the variations in temperature are uot as observable as in more humid climates. The fall of rain is very small, the annual average for two years being about nine and a quarter inches. The health of the locality is excellent, and there are no prevailing diseases. There are no settlements within several hundred miles. If the country was adapted to agriculture it would not be possible to cultivate it until the Indians are subdued. CAMP COOKE, MONTANA TERRITORY. (Established July, 1S««.) INFORMATION GIVES BY BREVET .MA. lot; X. W. OSBORNE, CAPTAIN, THIRTEENTH INFANTRY, At (il ST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 17 30' (about;) longitude from Greenwich, (about,) LOS . Post-office* Benton, Montana Territory, seventy-four miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. The post is situated on the right bank of the Missouri River, near the month of Judith River. Quarters. — For three hundred men, built of adobe and cotton-wood— in good condition. Store-HOTJSES. — Four, HIT by 20 by S feet, built of cotton-wood, in poor condition ; stores not secure at all times from bad weather, and no protection whatever against rats. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital built of adobe and cotton-wood. Guard-house built of cotton-wood: other public buildings constructed of adobe and cotton wood combined. All the buildings are very frail and may be considered unserviceable. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Omaha, Nebraska, two thousand one hundred and eighty miles distant. The route of supply is by the Mis- souri River, considered navigable to this point from middle of May to middle of July; this year the first boat reached the post ou the ISth May, and the last boat down left on the 8th July. The expense attending other means of transportation will confine the transportation of supplies to the Missouri River, which is the only practicable route. SUBSISTENCE. — Two years' supply is usually kept on hand. The early close of navigation has prevented the receipt of supplies this year, and in three months some important articles will run short, unless replaced by contractors' wagons coming in from the last landing on the river. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Missouri River by wagon. Wood furnished by the labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Blackfeet and River Crows. Mines. — A coal mine (above) on the Missouri River, distant thirty-nine miles by land. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by the Missouri River: when navigation is (dosed there is no public land conveyance. Reservation. — The reservation on winch the post is situated has not been declared by the 232 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AN I > STATIONS. President. The amount of land held reserved is estimated at fourteen miles long by one ami a half miles wide, principally on the bottom of the Judith River. Description of country , &c. — Rocky hills, rolling prairie and bluffs in the vicinity of tin- post. Upon the bottom lands, which are subject to overflow, the soil is arable, but requires to be irrigated; heavy strong crops would nol be successful, but quick-growing vegetables for use of troops would succeed; the soil is a clayey loam, and a deposit from the action of the Missouri, peculiar to the "bad lands" and vicinity ; and, beyond the strictly bottom lands, is not susceptible of cultivation. Grass, coarse but nutritious, limited in quantity. Timber, cotton- wood exclusively, scarce. Missouri River rises in April, not fordable at this point. Judith River tlows into the Mis- souri about four hundred yards below the post, and is a quick mountain-stream, not navigable — fordable, excepting at times in the early spring. The climate is similar to that of Southern Ohio and Pennsylvania, except that the heats of summer are seldom continuously as warm ; on occasional days, however, the thermometer goes much higher — one day this summer being 114° in the shade. In winter strong winds cause a very low temperature — sometimes 40 c below zero; nights cool. The locality is ordinarily very healthy, but it lias not been so this summer. Average temperature for year ending August 31, 1869, about 16°. FORT ELLIS, MONTANA TERRITORY. (Established August 27, 1807.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET COLONEL A. G. BRACKETT, LIEUTENANT, SECOND CAVALRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 15° 15'; longitude from Greenwich, HO" 1 53'. Post-office, Bozeman, Mon- tana Territory, three miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. The post is situated on the right bank of the East Gallatin River. QUARTERS. — Three sets company quarters, 10!) by 20 feet, built of round pine logs with dirt roots, boarded over, in very poor condition. Additional quarters necessary if four companies of cavalry and three of infantry remain here. Store-houses. — Three, 20 by um feet, for quartermaster and commissary supplies. Forage- house 20 by 132 feet. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital built of logs. 30 by 10 feet. A new hospital has been ordered to be built. Guard-house in one of the block houses. Bakery and carpenter's shop built of logs. Adjutant's office, and all the other buildings, small and poorly built. No good buildings at the post. Supply-depots, &c. — 'I'm- ueares! quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Omaha, Nebraska, distant about two thousand four hundred miles by the Missouri River; overland, about one thousand five hundred miles. The route of supply is by the river; closed from July until April or May — an unsafe and unreliable route. Three or more boats loaded with stoics tor the post weie wrecked last year. The best route, it is believed, would be by rail from Omaha to Corinne, thence by wagons ; by this route supplies could lie forwarded at any time between March and December, with no risk it\' lo.>s. and little, if any, increase in cost over river transportation. Si BSISTENCE. — Twelve to fifteen months' supply is usually kept on hand. Watee and wood.— The post is supplied with water from the West Gallatin River; also, by one well. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are .Mountain (.'rows, Blackfeet, and Piegaus. Mines. — Emigrant Gulch, thirty-five miles distant. Gold in small quantities fouud in vicinity. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Stage from Bozeman Citj to Helena. Reservation. — The reservation on whichtheposl is situated has not been declared bj the President. No record al the posl of the amount oi land held reserved. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 233 Description of coi ntry, &c. — The farming-land near the post is good, and wheat and small grains are raised; irrigation is necessary. Good gardens. Grass, mouutain, excellent. Timber, fl r, spruce, and aspen. Streams rise in June and July, generally fordable; the rivers have good bridges. Climate very cold in winter, and cool and pleasant in summer. Gallatin Valley, including Kozeman < 'ity, has a population of about one thousand. FORT RANDALL, DAKOTA TERRITORY. (Established 1856.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET COLONEL .1. X. G. WHISTLER, MAJOR TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 43° 11'; longitude from Greenwich, 98 1-". Post-office on the opposite side of the river. The post is situated on the south bank of the Missouri. Yankton ^distant seventy miles by laud, below the post, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For two hundred and fifty men — five sets for fifty men each, built of logs; only two sets flt for occupation, and those w ith decayed foundations, and otherwise so dilapidated as to render even them unfit for occupation. Officers' quarters — wooden buildings, decayed and dilapi- dated. Commanding officer's quarters in 'air condition. Storehouses. — Ten, viz: Quartermaster's, five, 58 by 10 by 10 feet each; commissary, five, 41) by 18 by 10, 84 by 22 by 0, 93 by 20 by 9, 58 by IS by 10, and 79 by 20 by 10 feet respectively : condition, decayed foundations, and otherwise dilapidated. Hospital, guard-house, &C, — Hospital and guard-house — wooden buildings, in a dilapidated condition — poor foundations, considered unsafe, and very likely to breed disease from their decayed condition. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Sioux ('ity. Iowa. Main supply-depots are at Saint Louis, Missouri, twelve hundred and eighty-five miles dis- tant. The route of supplj is by the Missouri River, closed by ice from 1st of November to about 1st of April. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is snpplied with water from theMissouri River, hauled yi wagons. Wood supplied by con dart. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Yankton, (about two thousand fivehnndred;) Ponca, (about nine hundred,) and Brule, (about four thousand.) Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. ComiUNlCATlON. — Between post and nearest town is by stage. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated was declared by the President, under date of March 11, L8G0. Twenty (about) miles long, and about eight miles wide. Description of COUNTRY', &C. — Tlfl3 bottom lands of the Missouri River arc, in many places, susceptible of cultivation, and will raise fine crops of corn, wheat, potatoes, &c. The country back from the river is a vast rolling prairie, almost -perfectly barren ; it is covered, however, with a light short grass, commonly known as buffalo-grass, which is very nutritious, and retains its sub- stance through the long severe w inter. Timber, cotton-wood and elm on the islands and river bot- toms. Streams are fordable. The water in the vicinity, excepting the Missouri River, is generally alkaline. Climate dry and changeable. Yearly mean temperature, 48° ; extreme heat. July 29, 1869, 106° : extreme cold, January 16, 1869, 1 . Health of locality very good. 30 234 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT RANSOM, DAKOTA TERRITORY. (Established June 18, L867.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR L. M. KELLOGG, CAPTAIN, TWENTIETH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 40° 37'; longitude from Greenwich, 97° 30'. Post-office, Fort Abercrom- bie, Dakota Territory. McCauleyville, Minnesota, sixty five miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For two hundred men, built of logs; in -nod condition for summer use, but require to be ceiled and plastered to be comfortable Cor winter use. Officers' quarters built of squared logs, generally in good condition, some repairs needed. Accommodation for seven officers. Storehouses. — Quartermaster's, one, 100 by 20 feet. Commissary, one, 100 by 27 feet, with cellar -10 by 20 feet. Granary, 10 by 25 by 12 feet ; all built of logs and in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, 40 by 33 by 10 feet, built of logs, is now being ceiled and plastered, which, when finished, will leave it in good condition. Hospital store-room, 20 by 20 by lo feet, built of logs, iu good condition. Guard-house, 30 by 20 by 10 feet, built of logs, in good con- dition. Adjutant's office, 30 by Hi by 10 feet, built of logs, not plastered, in fair condition. Bakery, 34 by 21 by 10 feet, built of logs, in good condition. Block-houses, two, I'D by 21 by 13 feet each, built of logs, no floors. Laundresses' quarters, six,15 by 30 by 10 feet each, built of logs in fair condition. Blacksmith's shop, 40 by 12 feet, built of logs, in fair condition. Iee-house, 30 by 25 by G feet, stone and earth, good condition. Root-houses, two, stone and earth, 25 by 15 by 8 feet ; condition good. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots arc at Saint Paul, Minnesota, three hundred and twenty miles distant. The route of supply is by rail to Saint Cloud, thence by wagons via Fort Abercrombie ; obstructed during the winter season; best season for transporting supplies is the summer. Subsistence. — Two years' supply is usually kept on hand ; at preseut there is thirty mouths' supply on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied by water from a never-failing spring, five hundred yards distant. Wood supplied by contract, and also by the labor of the troops. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Yauktonnais, Cut-Heads, Sisseton, andWahpeton bands of 1 lakota Sioux. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Peservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. One hundred square miles held reserved, as described and announced in General Orders No. 42, Headquarters Department of Dakota, dated May 18, 1SG9. DESCRIPTION OF COUNTRY, &C. — Polling prairie, with many small ponds and lakes scattered over it: nearly all the land is well adapted for grazing, and some of it is doubtless arable. Soil black, sandy loam. The valleys, especially the bottom-lands of the Cheyenne Piver. are exceedingly fertile, and would produce bountiful crops of spring wheat* oats, barley, and potatoes, and also the early varieties of corn. The post has a fair garden ; potatoes, beans, and peas the principal vegeta- bles. On the reservation there are extensive meadow-lauds, the grass being of the tall, coarse, prairie kind. Timber abundant, confined mostly to the valley of the Cheyenne, oak, elm, ash, and, bass wood. Sand and clay, suitable for making brick, are found in the vicinity : also stone, suita. I>le for making good lime. The Cheyenne River is generally tbrdable in most places, and has no :_.( at rise. The uealtb of the locality is good ; average temperature foreighl months, from Decem- ber, 1808, to July, 1869, inclusive, 34°.39. No settlements in the vicinity, excepting two isolated ranches between the post and Port Abercrombie, DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 235 FORT KICK, DAKOTA TERRITORY. Established IS64.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY CA1"1'AI\ GEORGE W. HILL, TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY, AUGUST, LSGi), THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 4i) 10'; longitude from Greenwich, LOO 30'. Post-office at the post. The post is situated on the south bank of the Missouri River. Yankton, six- hundred and twenty five miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For four full companies, built of pine and cotton wood; adobe-lined, stone founda tions. Officers' quarters, seven sets. Store-houses. — Quartermaster's, (luce; one, 90 l>> 20, and two, 125 by 18 feet each. Con ruissary, three, 90 by 20 feet each, one with cellar. Ordnance, one, 30 by 20 feet : all new. Hospital, guard-house, &C. — Hospital and guard-house. Stables, two frame and two built of logs; the latter to be replaced by frame buildings. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Sioux City, Iowa, about seven hundred and fifty miles distant. The route of supply is by the Missouri River; dosed from 1st of November to loth of April; best season for transporting supplies, from latter end of April to the 1st of August. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Missouri River by water- wagon. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Sioux. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post, and nearest town is by .Missouri River or wagon-road. Reservation. — Reservation not yet declared. No record at post of the amount of land held reserved. Description of coi N'J kv, &c. — Land is generallj not arable, sparsely timbered and watered. No crops have been raised, and it is doubtful if any can be. ('■aniens have generally been a failure from drought and grasshoppers. Soil very light and gravelly. Timber, cot ton-wood, elm, ash, and oak in limited quantity*. Streams usually rise in April; all fordable at low water except the Mis- souri River. Climate generally dry and healthy. Summer short and hot; thermometer 90 c to I10 c ; winter long and intensely cold ; thermometer frequently 10 c below zero; average temperature for the year, IT.]-'!. Locality generally very healthy. No settlements in the vicinity of the post. FORT RIPLEY, MINNESOTA. (Established 184S.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY LI'!.' ET MAJOR E. R. PARRY, CAPTAIN, TWENTIETH INFANTRY, AUG UST, It THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 4(1° 10' 30"; longitude from Greenwich, 94^ IS' to". Post-office at the post. Crow Wing, seven miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For about one hundred and nineteen men, built of wood, weather-boarded: very much in need of repairs. There are also two log buildings, built during the war. capable of quar- tering about two companies ; condition poor. Officers' quartersyeight sets built of wood and weather- boarded, comfortable and convenient, but very much out of repair ; some requiring new roofs and new foundations. 236 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Store-houses. — Que, "with capacity fin- supplies (quartermaster and commissary) for one year for two companies; iu good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, built of wood and weather- boarded ; accommodation for eight patients. Guard-house, built of wood and weather-boarded. Two large stables, with accommodation for all the animals, wagons, sleds, hay, &c, of the command; new stables are necessary. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster ami subsistence depots are at Saint Paul, Minnesota, one hundred ami twenty-five miles distant. The route of supply is by the Saint Paul and Pacific Railroad to Sauk Rapids, the terminus of the road, thence by wagons or sleds; obstructed only in case of heav\ snow storms, or for a few days (lining the spring and fall. v. hen the ice in the Mississippi River is breaking or forming: June, July, and August are the best months for transporting supplies. Subsistence. — Twelve mouths' supply is usually kept on hand. WAter and wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Mississippi River by water- wagon ; three wells at post, but of no practical use. Wood supplied by contract. INDIANS. — Nearest Indians are the Chippewas. Mines. — Xone are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is bj stage. RESERVATION. — Reservation not yet declared. One mile square held reserved. Description of country, &c. — The country is generally undulating, capable of yielding line crops of wheat, corn, oats, and most of the staple vegetables. Soil sandy. There is a garden at the post in which will be raised this season (if nothing happens to prevent) potatoes sufficient I'm the command until next planting season. Grass, prairie, or what is known in this section as " blue-joiut" and "pea-vine," a very nutritious and sweet grass, which is harvested for use at the post. Timber, oak, bass-wood, maple, &c, in abundance. Streams rise in spring, but not to anj damaging extent: crossings made by good bridges. Climate dry and healthy, generally very cool, and sometimes during the winter it is excessively cold : average temperature about 41°. No settle ments nearer than Green Prairie. A farm of about ninety acres is under cultivation on the opposite side of the river. FOET SHAW, MONTANA TERRITORY. (Established .luly. LS67.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET BRIGADIER GENERAL P. R. DE TROBRIAND, COLONEL, THIRTEENTH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude !7 30'03"; longitude from Greenwich, 111 Hi'. Post-office at the post. The post is situated on the rigbl bank of the Sun River, and about fifteen miles from its confluence with the Missouri. Sun River Crossing, six miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. QUARTERS. — For aboul five hundred men, built of adobe and wood, with stone foundations. Habitable, but unfinished. Store-houses. — One built of adobe ami wood, with stone foundation. 90 by 33, with two wings, (il J, by 30 feet, in good condition ; also one temporary wooden building, 90 bj 33,witb.two wings. CI.] by 30 feet, very much in need of repairs. Granary, with capacity for 200.000 pounds grain. Hqspital, guard -house, &c. — Hospital built of adobe and wood, with stone foundation. Guard house built of stone; condition of both, unfinished; they will be completed as soon as cir- cumstances will permit. The other public buildings are of adobe ami wood, with stone foundations. Supply-depots, &c. — The uearesl quartermaster depot is at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, two DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 237 thousand two hundred and sixty-three miles distant ; subsistence depot at Saint Louis, Missouri, two thousand five hundred and eleven miles. The route of supply is by the Missouri River to Fori Benton, the head of navigation ; thence by wagons over a comparatively good prairie load: the length of time this route is available varies; navigation usually opens the latter part of May, and some years remains open until the latter part of July or beginning of August ; but this season no boats coidd reach Fort Benton alter the 27th of June. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on baud. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with wafer from Sun River — a clear stream, (lowiug easterly, in the immediate vicinity. Wood supplied h,\ contract. Indians.— Nearest Indians are the Piegan, Blackfeet, and Peud d'Oreilles. Mines. — Nearest mines are the Whitlatch Union and Parkinson mine. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by a line of stages running every other day. Reservation.— The reservation on which the post is situated has uol been declared by the President. Thirty-two (about) square miles held reserved. Description OP country, &c— The country is not well adapted to agricultural pursuits; some portions only of the prairie bottom may be cultivated ; the country in the vicinity furnis grazing and a little hay in some places; the soil is rather light, affording but a scanty covering to the underlying gravel and pebbles. A good garden is sustained, situated in the bottom, about half a mile from the post, irrigated by an extensive ditch running through it; a constant supply of water is necessary, and irrigation is indispensable, but owing to the absence of springs the water must be obtained from the river. During the spring months the river rises to an unusual size from the melting of the snow in the mountains, when it is not fordable. The climate is highly salubrious. and the atmosphere very dry and rarified ; a moderate proportion of snow falls in the winter and much rain in the spring months: the summer and fall are almost invariably dry and clear: winds are exceedingly prevalent at all seasons, and of a velocitj scarcely surpassed. The locality is exceedingly healthy. The average temperature for the months of 1SC8 was as follows : January, lio.i'9; February, 30°.1S ; March, 10°.57 ; April, 47°47 ; May, 52°25; June, 64°.ll; July,70°.98; August, 6S°.35; September, 5()o.42; October, 17 . t:: -. November. 3G°.65; December, 26°12. Sun River Crossing, the nearest town or settlement, has a population of about thirty. Benton City, sixty miles distant, has a fixed population of about one hundred and fifty, and a floating population of about four hundred. FORT SNELLING, MINNESOTA. (Established LS20.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL GEORGE SYKES, COLONEL, TWENTIETH INFANTRY, AUGUST, I860, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude 44°, "»2' 45"; longitude from Greenwich, 93 c 04' 54". Post-office at the post. Saint Paul, about six miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For four companies: built of stone in 1830; shingle roofs: condition very poor and dilapidated. Store-houses. — Two; capacity ample. One good, and the other in poor condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c— Hospital built of stone in 1S30; shingle roof, in fair condi- tion. Guard-house in poor condition. Several outbuildings were built during the war and are now used by military store-keeper; a large stone prison was also built, which is likewise used by military store-keeper. Supply-depots, &c. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Saint Paul, Minnesota. Main supply-depots at Saint Louis, Missouri, distant six hundred and thirty-one miles by rail, and seven hundred and ninety-one miles by river. The route of supply is by the Mississippi 238 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Uiver. Supplies transported by steamboat from the month of May until navigation isclosed bj ice. Subsistence. — Six to nine months' supply is usually kept on baud. Water and "wood. — The post is supplied with water from a spring, and from Minnesota Ltiver by stationary steam-engine forcing water into a cistern inside the parade, thence by water-pip es to quarters. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Chippewas, in Northern Minnesota, and Sioux, in Western Minnesota. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Steamboat landing at the post during high water. Railroad depots at Saint Paul. Minnesota, or Minneapolis — about six miles distant from the post. Reservation. — Reservation not yet declared. Six to seven thousand acres held reserved. Description of country, &c. — The country is fertile, well watered and timbered, line wheat region. Good gardens. Climate, thought to be unequalled for salubrity. FORT STEVENSON, DAKOTA TERRITORY. (Established June, 1S67.) INFORMATION GIVEN I'.V CAPTAIN S. A. WAINWRIGHT, TWENTY-SECOND INFANTRY, AUGUST, L869, 'nit: COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 47 30'; longitude from Greenwich, 101° 30'. Post-office at the post. The post is situated at the junction of Douglas Creek with the Missouri River. Pembina, Dakota Ter- ritory, two hundred and seventy-five miles distant, near the line of the British frontier, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For two hundred and thirty-eight men : built of adobe; in good condition. Offi- cers' quarters, three adobe buildings. Store-houses.— Two, one built of logs for quartermaster's supplies, and one built of adobe, for both quartermaster and commissary supplies : capacity ample for all the stores required at the post ; condition good. A new store-house is to be erected. Hospital, guard-hoi'se, &c. — Hospital and guard-house built of adobe; one adobe build- ing used for offices, &c. : also, two log buildings used as temporary quarters for storing public prop- erty. Suppey-Depots, &C. — Quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Saint Louis, Missouri, two thousand miles distant by the Missouri River. The route of supply is by the river, which is considered the safest and most economical method of transportation to this post. Naviga- tion generally opens in April and closes in November. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. WATER and wood. — The post is suppled with water from the Missouri River. Wood supplied li\ contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Arickaiees, Gn>s- Ventres, and Mandans, located at fort Berthold. Mines. — A coal mine about two and a half miles distant is being worked. COMMUNICATION. — Between post and nearest town is by overland Government transportation and stage route. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. It has been announced and described in General Orders No. I' 1 . Headquarters Depart- ment of Dakota, dated June 10, 1868. Description op country, &c.— The laud in the immediate vicinity is not, strictlj speaking. arable at the present time : after considerable tillage, say three or four years, it may produce \ eg- elation sufficieni to repay the amount of labor and means required. At Fori Berthold, distan! fifteen DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAEY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 239 miles, where the Indians have had the land under cultivation for ;i number of years, good crops of corn, &'c, are raised by the tribes residing there. .V garden is being worked for the benefit of the command. Timber, principally cotton-wood, about twelve miles distant. The grazing in the vicinity of the post is good. Water abundant at all seasons. Climate healthy. Health of locality excellent. Average temperature 41°.36. No settlements nearer than Pembina, the population of which is at present estimated at twenty-live hundred, principally Canadian and French. FORT SULLY, DAKOTA TERRITORY. I Established Julj 25, LSGGVj INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET MAJOR GENERAL D. S. STANLEY, COLONEL TWENTY-SECOND INFAN- TRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFK ER AT THE TIME. Location. — Latitude 44° 20'; longitude from Greenwich, 100° 10'. Post-office a1 the post. Yankton, Dakota Territory, two hundred and fifty miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — For tour companies, built of squared cotton-wood logs, weather-boarded with pine, painted and plastered; condition good, but built too contracted and without regard to ventilation. Stork houses. — Quartermaster's, two, one 230 by 22 feet, and one 120 by 24 feet, two stories. Commissary, two, one 22S by 17 feet, with cellar, and one 50 by 22 feet, with half cellar, all in good condition. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, with double " L," built of squared logs, weather- boarded and plastered, contains six rooms and one Luge waul ; condition good, but considered too narrow by medical men ; ventilation bad. Guard-house and prison-room in main barracks, occupy- ing opposite sides of sally-port; condition good. Magazine of brick, 20 bj •"><> feet, condition good. Laundresses' quarters, three sets, frame, in good condition. Stables, shops, and icehouse tern porary. SUPPLY-DEPOTS, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Sioux I Iowa, three hundred and eighteen miles distant. The route of supply is by the Missouri River, closed from middle of November to middle of March ; best season for transporting supplies from 1st of May to 1st of August. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water A~sn wood. — The post is supplied with water from the Missouri River by wagon. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are (he Sioux, (including Upper and Lower-^) STanktonnais, Black- feet Sioux, Two Kettles, Sans Ares, Minpecoujou, Upper Brule", and Ogallala. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by steamboat or wagon-road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Forty-two (about) square miles held reserved, as described and announced in General Orders No. 40, Headquarters Department of Dakota, dated May 24, 1869. Description op COUNTRY, &C — Land along the Missouri River bottom rich; bottom-land averages aboutone mile wide. Grass luxuriant, but only in wet seasons ; during seasons of drought (as at present) it is very difficult to procure hay. Wood sufficient to supply this post for forty years within ten miles, mostly cotton-wood, with a small amount of ash and oak. Potatoes, of good quality, raised at the post ; garden vegetables difficult to raise on account of grasshoppers. Climate severe in winter, and subject to storms; thermometer goes as low as 40° below zero, yet men work out and travel with care. This summer the thermometer has been 114° in the shade. Locality healthy. No settlements. Cheyenne reservation seven miles distant, on opposite side of the river. Indians that live here, peaceable; but visited by hostile Sioux from the Yellowstone and other points. 240 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATION'S. FORT TOTTEN, DAKOTA TERRITORY. (Established 1867.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL GEORGE A. WILLIAMS. MAJOR TWENTIETH INFANTRY, AUGUST, 1869, THE COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude ±7° 59' 06"; longitude from Greenwich, 98° 54'. Lost office at Fort Aber- crombie, Dakota Territory. The post is situated on the southeastern snore of Devil's Lake. Saint Joseph, Minnesota, one hundred and ten miles distant, the nearest town or settlement. Quarters. — Temporary log-huts, in miserable condition. The troops would be much better in tents, and will probably sutler the coming winter. Xew quarters of brick for four companies are in process of construction; -one of the barracks, and part of another, are built, but orders from depart- ment headquarters prevent its use at present by troops. Commanding officer's and officers' quar- ters in process of construction, of brick; foundation of the first and of one of the latter is laid. STOREHOUSES. — Log buildings, with loose dirt root's, leaky and in verj poor condition. Two new brick store-houses are in process of construction. Hospital, GUAKD-HOUSE, &C. — Ilospital in process of construction, of brick, foundation laid. All the buildings at the post and now in use are built of logs, w ith loose dirt roofs, and in very bad condition. The post is being rebuilt of brick. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Saint Paul, Minnesota, four hundred and fifty-three miles distant. The route of supply is at present by the Missouri River to Port Stevenson, thence by wagon-road ; the overland route is considered the best. The river route, though not so certain and expeditious, is cheaper — although but very little; not enough to pay the risk of loss on the river, together with damage and wastage, which is great. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water and wood. — The post is supplied with water from a spring about three hundred yards distant; water good and abundant. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Sisseton and Wahpeton Sioux. Mines. — None are known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by wagon-road. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. Ten (about) miles square held reserved, as described and announced in General Orders No. 55, Headquarters Department of Dakota, dated June 30, 18ii'.». Description of country, &C. — Land arable, but the season is considered too short to raise crops or vegetables. Gardens have not been attempted, and it is not known whether they would be successful or not. Grass, prairie, of good quality. Timber, oak, poplar, ash, elm, and bass-wood. around the lake. Streams are fordable, and they have but little rise. Climate changeable; in winter the thermometer falls 40° below zero. Health of the locality good. No settlements near except Indians. FORT WADSWORTH, DAKOTA TERRITORY. (Established .Inly 26, 1864.) INFORMATION GIVEN BY BREVET LIEUTENANT COLONEL J. C, BATES, CAPTAIN, TWENTIETH INFANTRY, M GUST, 1869, Till: COMMANDING OFFICER AT THE TIME. Location.— Latitude I5°43'30"; longitude, from Greenwich, 97°j30'. Post-office at the post. Sauk Centre, Minnesota, one hundred and thirty-seven miles distant, the nearest town or settle ment. Quarters.— For four companies, built of stone; condition — flooring bad, inconveniently DESCRIPTIONS OK MIL1TAE? POSTS AND STATIONS. 241 arranged, badly lighted and ventilated. Officers' quarters brick, 38 by 125 and 38 by 45 feet, floor ing bad. Store-houses. — One, built of logs, 24 by 150 feet, 8 feel high : root' and flooring bad. Hospital, guard-house, &c. — Hospital, brick, one, and a half stories high, 33 by 60 feet ; needs plastering. Guard-bouse, brick, 22 by •"<<> feet, flooring very bad. Adjutant's office, stone, ID by 25 feet, good condition. Stable, stone, 36 by 240 feet, very good. Carpenter's, wheelwright's, and blacksmith's shops, two-storj log building, in good condition. Cavalry stables built of logs ; worth- less. Supply-depots, &C. — The nearest quartermaster and subsistence depots are at Saint Cloud, Minnesota, one hundred and ninety seven miles distant. Main supply depots at Saint Paul, Minne- sota, three hundred miles distant. The route of supply from Saint Paul is by rail to SaiutCloud — thence by wagons via Sauk Centre: obstructed (luring the months of January, February, and March; best seasons tor transporting supplies from June to September. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply is usually kept on hand. Water am» wood. — The post is supplied with water from lakes two hundred yards distant. Wood supplied by contract. INDIANS. — Nearest Indians are the Sisseton and Wahpeton bands of Sioux. Mines. — None art' known in the vicinity of the post. Communication. — Between post and nearest town is by stage. Reservation. — The reservation on which the post is situated has not been declared by the President. A tract of '.) by 15 miles held reserved, as described and anuounced in General Orders No. 41, Headquarters Department of Dakota, dated October 1, 1867. Description OF country, &C. — Land arable; high-rolling prairies, interspersed with many lakes, very sparsely timbered along the margin of the lakes with scrub-oak, water-elm, lytin, and cotton-wood. Corn and potatoes are raised, and from the appearance of the land most cereals might be. Soil sandy loam. Several good gardens are in course of cultivation for use of thecom- mand. Grass abundant and suitable for hay. No streams in vicinity of post. Seasons mild and dry; no dews; average temperature — February, 1S09, 12°; July, 69°.29 ; locality very healthy. Small settlements from fifteen to thirty miles east of post. No other settlements within seventj miles, other than about twelve hundred Indians on Lake Traverse reservation. 31 APPENDIX. CIRCULAE War Department, Quartermaster General's Office, October, 1S72. Tho following additional information is derived from the edition of 1872 of Outline Descrip- tions of the Posts in tlie Military Division of the Missouri, which was not received at this Office until after the preceding pages had passed through the press. M. 0. MEIGS, Quartermaster General, Brevet Major General, United States Army. INDEX OF POSTS DESCRIBED IN APPENDIX. Page. Abercrombie, Fort 2.">l Austin 263 Baker, Camp 255 Bayard, Fort 206 Benton, Fort 255 Bliss, Fort 271 Bridger, Fort 259 Brown, Fort 270 Brown. Camp 259 Bu 6 .id, Fort 254 Cheyenne Agency 256 Clark, Fort 268 Concho, Fort 269 Craig, Fort 20;, Cnmmings, Fort 200 Davis, Fort 270 Dodge, Foil 262 Douglas, Camp 201 Duncan, Fort 270 Ellis, Fort 254 Fetterman, Fort 261 Garland, Fort 20 1 Gibson, Fort 271 Grand River Agency 257 Griffin, Fort , 269 Darker, Fort 203 1 lays, Fort 263 Laramie, Fort 260 Lamed, Fort 20;; Leavenworth, Fort 202 Lower Brule Agency 256 Lyon, Fort 264 Mcintosh, Fort 270 McKavett, Fort 268 McPherson, Fort 258 McKae, Fort 265 Pago. North Platte Station 258 Omaha Barracks 258 Pembina, Fort 252 Quitman, Fort 271 Randall, Fort 253 Ransom, Fort 252 Reynolds, Fort 201 Rice, Fort 253 Richardson , Fort 269 Riley, Fort 262 Ringgold Barracks 270 Ripley, Fort 251 Russell, D. A., Fort 259 San Antonio 268 Sanders, Fort 259 Santa Fe 200 Scott, Fort 263 Selden, Fort 266 Shaw, Fort 254 Sidney Barracks 258 Sill, Fort 27 1 Snelling, Fort 251 Stambaugh, Camp 260 Stanton, Fort 265 Steele, Fred., Fort 259 Sti \ enson, Fort 253 Stockton, Fort 269 Sully, Fort '. 253 Supply, Camp 267 Totten, Fort 252 Tulerosa, Fort 265 Union, Fort 204 Wadsworth, Fort 252 Wallace, Fort 263 AVhetstono Agency 251 i Wingate, Fort 265 MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSOURI. The Military 1 >i vision of the Missouri n as established .la unary 30, 1865, and Major Genera] John Pope assigned to command. On June 27, of the same year, it was merged into the Military Division of the Mississippi, and placed under c - niainl of Major General W. T. Sherman, i >n August 6, 1 366, the stj le of the command was changed to the Military Division of the Missouri. (in March 27, 1869, General Sherman was succeeded by Lieutenant General P. II. Sheridan. The division at present comprehends four military departments, viz: Dakota, embracing the .State of Minnesota, and Territories of Montana and Dakota ; the Platte, embracing the States of Iowa and Nebraska, and Territories of Wyoming and Utah; the Missoi m, embracing the States of Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas, and the Territories of Colorado and New Mexico; and Ti:\ \s, embracing the Stale of Texas, and the Indian Territory north of Texas and south of Kansas. The general extent of the division is from British America on the north, to Mexico on the south; and from the Mississippi River on the oast, to the Rocky Mountains on the west. The State of Arkansas was taken from the division in March, 1867 ; and in March, 1869, the Stale of Illinois and post of Fort Smith, Arkansas, were added to it. On June 27, 1871, Fort Smith was discontinued as a military station. The Department of Texas was added to the division November 1, 1871, since which time the extent and boundaries of the division have been unchanged. DEPARTMENT OF DAKOTA. EMHRAI ING THE STATE OF MINNESOTA, AND TERRITORIES OF MONTANA AM) DAKOTA: HEADQ1 ARTERS SAINT PAUL, MINNESOTA. POSTS. FORT SHELLING, MINNESOTA. [See page 237. Location. — As described on page 237, Railroad and telegraph stations at Mendota, about one mile distant. Quarters, Ac. — For two companies, built of stone : officers' quarters, hospital, chapel, magazine, guard-house, and prison, of stone; stables, of lumber, need repairs; workshops, &c. All the out-buildings require new roofs. Reservation. — Reduced Maj 7, 1870, to 1,531 acres, embracing a cemetery of in acres. FOIiT EIPLBY, MINNESOTA. [Abandonment authorized. See page 235.] Location.— As described on page 235. 1' ce ami telegraph-station at the post. Sauk Rapids, on the Saint Paul I Pacific Railroad, 46 miles distant. The Mississippi River here is navigable only for small steamers from Lit- tle Falls, 17 miles below, to Pokegoma Falls, 175 miles above. Brainard, on the Northern Pacific Railroad ami Missis- sippi River, 17 miles distant. On completion of the Brainard branch of Saint Paul anil Pacific Railroad, which runs through the reservation, on opposite side of the river, a station with telegraph-office w ill lie placed within half a mile of the post . Quarters, &C. — For two companies; officers' quarters, eight sets. All the bnildings are constructed of white pine, and aro in fiuo condition. Supply-depots, Ac. — Quartermaster's stores from depot at Jeffersonville, Indiana : subsistence stores from depot at Saint Louis. Reservation. — Land reserved by President, September 15, 1849. Area, one mile sq FORT ABEECEOMBIE, DAKOTA TEEEITOEY. [See page 229.] Location. — As described on page 229. < in the Red River of the North. Post-office at the post. Telegraph and rail- road (Saint Paul and Pacific) station at Breckinridge, 12 miles distant. Morehead, a town on the Northern Pacific Rail- road and lied River, 30 miles distant. The Red River is navigable for small steamers. This point is the head of navigation during high water. Quarters, Ac. — Quarters for three companie quarters, three buildings; hospital, for twelve patients; guard-house ; store-houses, one 79 by 20 feet, and three 100 by 26 feet each ; stables for sixty animals : officers' stables, 35 by 26 feet; two magazines, one new ami one old ; three block-houses, hake-house, ice-house, workshops, &c. All the buildings of wood, except magazines, which are built of brick. The buildings are in fair condition. Supply-depots, Ac. — Supplies are furnished from depot at Saint Paul, \ ia Breckinridge, by rail. Reservation;.— Declared by the President, April 1-?. 1867. Reduced in 1871. Area, about 13 square miles. 33 252 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. FORT WADS WORTH, DAKOTA TERRITORY. | Src page J III. | Locati ix.— As described on page 240. Nearest telegraph and railroad station at Morris, Minnesota, 90 miles east. Northeast to Fort Abercrombie, 76 miles; northwest to Fort Ransom, 68 miles: and west to Fort Eice, Dakota Territory, 195 miles. Quarters, &c— Quarters for four companies; two stone buildings in good condition; officers' quarters, two brick buildings; adjutant's office, built of stone ; hospital, 33 by CO feet, U stories, built of.brick ; guard-house, brick building of one story ; magazine, stone and brick; store-house, '-'I by 150 feet, built of hewn logs; stable, 36 by 240 feet, built of sii ; workshops, laundresses' quarters, &c, built of logs. Supply-depots, Ac. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from depot at Saint Paul, by rail, to Mori is ; thence by wagons. Reservation. — Declared by President, February 7, 1871. Area, about 128 square mill s. FORT RANSOM, DAKOTA TERRITORY. [Abandonment authorized. See page 2:14.] Location.— As described on page 234. On the Cheyenne River, about ?•"> miles above, its junction with the Red River of the North, and To miles west of the Minnesota State line. Telegraph-station at Cheyenne Crossing, 25 miles distant. Wagon-roads to both points in good condition. Quarters, Ac— For one hundred men; nine Bets of officers' quarters ; hospital : guard-house; store-houses, two, w ith capacity for two years' supplies; stable for fifty animals ; granary, magazine, Ac. Buildings are constructed of logs, except magazine, which is built of stone. Supply-depots, Ac — Quartermaster's stores, from Fort Snelling. Subsistence stores, from depots at Chicago and Saint Louis. By rail to Breckinridge, thence by wagon to post. Reservation. — Declared by President, January 11, 1870. Area. 100 square miles. FORT TOTTEN, DAKOTA TERRITORY. [See page 240.] Location.— As described on page 2 10. Post-office at the post. Nearest railroad and telegraph at Breckinridge, 172 miles distant. Ql \i;n:i:s. &c.— For four companies; officers' quarters, five buildings; hospital: guard-house, magazine, baki in. offices, two store-houses, with capacity for a year's supplies, grain excepted. Buildings id' brick, with stone foundations. Stockade stable, in poor condition. Grain stored in a log building. Supply-depots, &c— Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from depots at Chicago. Saint Louis, and Saint Paul by rail to Breckinridge; thence by wagons, 172 miles. Reservation.— Declared by President, January 11, 1870. Area, about 10 miles square. Description ok COUNTRY, Ac— Tho surrounding country is elevated prairie, extending to the Missouri River on the west and to the Pembina and Red River of the North on the east. Devil's Lake is about fifty miles in length and from five to fifteen miles in width ; it is dotted with numerous islands, several of which are more than two miles long, all well timbered. No streams enter or leave the lake; its waters are salt, but much less so than those of the ocean. The country generally, as before stated, is not adapted to agriculture; the land is arable, but the season is considered too short to raise crops or vegetables. No gardens at the post. Timber scarce, and found only around the lake, FORT PEMBINA, DAKOTA TERRITORY". [Established July 8, 1870. Not hereinbefore described.] I.m moN.— Latitude 48 58 . longitude '.'7 . ( In the left hank of the Red River of the North, and near the line ol the British Possessions. Post-offic,-, Pembina, I' miles distant. Nearest telegraph station at Grand Forks, 80 miles south, on the Bed River. A telegraph line to Fort Garry, British North America, passes the post, and an office at the post is expected to he soon in operation. Nearest railroad station at Morchcad, on the Northern Pacific, 146 mil, distant. Breckinridge, on the Saint Paul and 1'aeilic Railroad, 104 miles distant. Saint Paul. 419 miles distant. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS A.XII STATIONS. 253 Ql lrtees. — For two hundred nun, two buildings, each IT- by 25 fei i : offici rs' quarters, lour buildings, each con- taining two Bets. ] [i ispital, &C. — Hospital for twelve patients : guard-house : Btore-house, L02by 30 feet, two stories : stable for fifty- sis animals; bake-house. All frame buildings, weatherboarded, with shingle root's: in good condition. Magazine, built of brick; workshops, laundresses' quarters, ice-house, built of logs. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from depots al Saint Paul and Fort Snelling, .Minnesota, by rail, to Breckinridge ; thence by wagon-road. Water and Wood. — Water obtained from Ked River by wati ipplied by contract. Subsistence.— Twelve months' subsistence kept on hand. Indians. — The Pembina band of Chippewa Indians, numbering about three hundred, range in the vicinity of the post. Tbo Turtle Mountain band of Chippewas arc scattered through the country as far west as Turtle Mountain, 160 miles distant. The disposition of both bands is at present fi iendlj . Reservation.— Declared by the President, < tctoher I, 1870. Ana, about 1,900 acres, or nearly three square miles. Description of country, &c. — The surrounding country for thirty miles is flat and low. The land is arable and well watered, but its agricultural resources have not as yet been much developed. Most ofthi c< i cepl corn, can be raised ; also potatoes and turnips, but it is estimated that oue crop in three will be lost, through the ravages of grasshoppers. Earlj vegetables can in- raised in gardens. The timber is verj scarce, chiefly oak, with a little cotton- wood. Grass good and abundant. No stone or sand within 30 miles. Streams rise in April, and are not fordable uutil about, the middle of May. Climate cold; winter sets in with November, and continues until about the middle of April. Si attering settlements along the Pembina River, mostly half-breeds. FORT RANDALL, DAKOTA TERRITORY. [See page 233.] Location. — As described on page 233. Quarters, &C. — For four companies; officers' quarters, six buildings; hospital; guard-house; store-houses, two ; laundresses' quarters. The foregoing are all new cotton-wood buildings. The old buildings are as described on page 233 . Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's and subsistence furnished from depot at Sioux City, Iowa, by water trans- portation ; clothiug from Jeffersonville, Indiana. Communication. — Post-office and telegraph-station at post. A railroad from Sioux City to Yankton is expected to be in operation by September, 1872. Wagon-route from Sioux City, via Yankton and Springfield, to post, 150 miles- River route, 275 miles. FORT SULLY, DAKOTA TERRITORY. [See page 239.] Location, Ac— As described ou page 239. Post-office and telegraph-station at the post. PORT RICE, DAKOTA TERRITORY. [See page -235.] Location. — As described on page 235. Nearest post-office, Grand River Agency, Dakota, 85 miles distant. > telegraph-station at Fort Sully, Dakota, 160 miles distant. Sioux: City, Iowa. 503 miles distant by land, and 700 miles by Missouri River. RESERVATION. — Originally declared by the President September 2, 1864. Same lands declared by the President under date of January 22, 1867. Area. 25 miles long and about 7 miles wide. FORT STEVENSON, DAKOTA TERRITORY. [See page 238.] Location*. — As described on page 238. Nearest telegraph-station at Fort Sully, Dakota Territory, 252 miles distant. Qu lrters, &.C— Quarters for two companies ; officers' quarters, one single and two double sets; hospital ; guard- bouse : store-house, capacity inadequate ; one building for offices and armory. All adobe buildings, in good condition. RESERVATION. — Declared by President, June 30, 1868. Reduced in IsTo. Area, about 40 square miles. 254 DESCRIPTIONS OP MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. POUT BUFORD, DAKOTA TERRITORY, page 230.] Location. — As described on page 230. No public land-conveyance. Mail cornniunicatiori Liti flat and uncertain. Nearest post-office, Fort Stevenson, Dakota, 145 miles distant. Nearest telegrapb at Fort Sully. Dakota, 397 miles distant : Yankton. Dakota, 655 miles; and Sior.x City, Iowa, 740 miles distant ; all land distances; Sioux City. Iowa, 1,215 miles distant by river route. (,M irteks, &C. — The following arc new buildings, viz : frame officers' quarters, one building; headquarters, one building; hospital, guard-house, bakery ; store-houses, four ; offices; magazine, built of stone; laundresses' quarters, stables, saw-mill, employes' quarters, Ac built of boards and slabs. Si pply-depots, &C. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from depots at ( hicago, Saint Louis, Leaven- worth, and Jeffersonville, by rail to Sioux City : thence via Missouri River. Subsistence. — Eighteen months' subsistence kept on hand. Indians. — Rees, Mandans, Gros-Ventres, Yanktonnais, Sioux, and Uuepapas constantly surround the post. The Rees and Mandans are trusted. Some of the Gros-Ventres keep away from their agency, and are mistrusted. All of the Yanktonnais are regarded as treacherous ; and the Sioux and Uncpapas are openly hostile. The Assinaboines here- tofore in the vicinity, under Red Stone, are supposed to be on their way back. Hostile aud ill-disposed Indians now iu the vicinity can muster about one thousand warriors. Reservation.— Declared by the President, An just 18, 1863. Reduced in 1870. Area, about 30 square miles. FORT SHAW, MONTANA TERRITORY. [See ; Location. — As described on page 236. Post-office and telegraph-station at tin po t. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for four hundred men and baud. Officers' quarters, sis double sets, with wings, and quarters for commanding officer ; hospital. 83 by 33 i\ j vi, with wing ; guard-house and prison, 68 by 31 feet ; store-house, 90 by 34, with two wings 61 by '2'.) feet each ; Btorage capacity inadequate ; temporary building for storage of grain, &c. ; stables, workshops, saw-mill, bakery, laundresses' quarters, &c. All the buildings are constructed of adobe and wood, and are generally in need of repairs. Supply-depots, &C. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from depots at Jeffersonville, Indiana, aud Chicago, Illinois, by rail to Corinne ; thence by wagons to post ; and also by Missouri River to Fort Benton ; thence by wagons. Indians. — Nearest Indians are the Piegans, numbering about three thousand. Reservation. — Declared by President. January 11, 1S70. Area. 46 square miles, or 29,842 acres.'] FORT ELLIS, MONTANA TERRITORY. [See pa< e 232.] Location. — Asdescribed on page 232. Post-office and telegraph-station at Bozemau, Montana Territory, 3 miles distant. Nearest railroad-station. Corinne, Utah, on the Union Pacific, 440 miles distant. Quarters, &C. — Quarters for about four hundred m en, three log buildings with wings, in poor condition ; officers' quarters, five buildings, in good condition ; hospital, frame, two-story, ten rooms, \\ itli wing, in good condition ; guard- house built of logs ; one log building offices; quartermaster's store-hou ' I 62 feet, built of logs ; commis- sary store-houses, two, main building 62 by 22, of logs : forage-house, with capacity for 34,500 bushels : quartermaster's stables and four company stables ; laundresses' quarters, built of logs : saw-mill building, frame : workshops, &c. Supply-depots, &C. — Quartermaster and subsistence stores are tarnished from the depots at Saint Louis. Chicago, Port Leavenworth, and Jeffersonville, Indiana, by rail to Corinne; thence by wagon-road to post. I,'i SERVATION. — The reservation was originally declared in February, F '. and declared by the President, March 1, 1870. Area, about 25 square miles. hi 3CREPTION in country, &C. — 'I'he Gallatin Valley, in which the post is situated, has a width of al .out 15 miles by :!."> long. Ranges of hills and mountains, which form the divide between the waters of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rft ers, surround the post on east and north sides. Agriculture is confined to the i iver-bottoms, and irrigation is necessary. The soil is fertile, and large crops of wheat, rye. oats, and barley are raised : also the hardy varieties of vegetables. The grass is excellent. The neighboring mountains are clothed to their summits with forests of white pine, red fir, and cedar, and contain immense beds of bituminous coal of good quality- (odd mining is carried on extensively in the vicinity. SI id July, and are generally ford able. The rivers have good bridges. The climate is dry and pure, very cold in winter, cool and at in summer. Bozeman Lake in the mountains. 15 miles distant, southeast of the post. S iveral farms in the vicinity. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND .STATIONS. 255 FOET BENTON, MONTANA TERRITORY. I Re-established in .Inly. 1869, not hereinb i ibed. Aband ueul authorized. ] Location.— Latitude 47° 50', longitude 110 30', on the left bank of the Missouri River, a( the bead of Missouri River navigation, and adjoining Benton City. Telegraph-office and post-office at the post. The telegraph line extends via Fort Shaw, Helena, and Corinne, on the Union Pacific Railroad. Helena, Montana Territory, 143 miles south. Corinne, Utah, 593 miles south. Tri-v, eekly i tage between the post and Corinne. Di stance ('nun Sioux City, Iowa, by the Missouri River, 2,333 miles. Quarters, &c. — No Government buildings. Six adobe buildings, one long building, and two block-housi rented, and used as follows, viz : Quarters for duo company; officers' quarters ; hospital; guard-housi ioms ; magazine; granary; bakery; offices; workshops, &c. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores are furnished from the dcpo i onville, Indiana. Chicago, Illinois, and Sioux City, Iowa, by rail to Sioux City, thence b >uri River. Subsistence. — One year's supplies are kept on hand. Water and wood. — Water obtained from the .Missouri River. Wood furnished by contract. Indians.— The nearest Indians are those belonging to the agency at Fort Browning trading-post, on Milk River, 1 10 miles north, viz : Gros-Ventres, numbering about 700 ; Upper Assinaboines, about 500 ; Lower Assinaboines, about 1,000; San tee Sioux, about 000; Yankton Sioux, about 3,000 ; River Crows, a bout 800. The Piegans, I Hoods, and Blacll fei ; range over the same country as the Gros-Ventres, and the. Piegans often range in the vicinity of the post. Reservation. — Declared by the President, December l. L869. Area, about 1 square mil is. I Inscription OF country, Ac. — The surrounding country is mostly prairie, with good -r:e~. but without timber or \\ .iter. The laud is not adapted to agriculture. On the bottom lands id' the Missouri and Teton Ri\ ere, crops of « heat, barley, oats, rye, and the hardy varieties of vegetables may be raised by irrigation. The only timber is some cotton wood along the banks of the Tetou. A species of pine is found on the mountain ranges. Belt Mountains are soul h of Hie post, about 25 miles, and Bear's Paw Mountains east of north, about 45 miles. The Great Falls of the Missouri ate about 40 miles distant by land. The Missouri River generally has its rise in April or May : it is fordable at several points from the latter part of summer until spring. Climate considered healthy. Extremes of heat and cold generally very great. The winter, in the main, is mild and genial. Winds prevail from the east and south, ami frequently blow with great violence. The settlers of this region are principally fur traders and hunters. CAMP BAKER, MONTANA TERRITORY. I Established in November, 1869. Not hereinbefore described. J Location. — Latitude 47 , longitude 111 . In Smith's River valley, near the junction of Camas Creek and Smith's River, about 18 miles northeast of Diamond City. Post-office at Diamond City. Nearest telegraph-station at Helena Montana Territory, 55 miles distant. Corinne, Utah, on the Union Pacific Railroad, about 510 miles distant. Benton, on the Missouri River, about 2-10 miles distant, via Fort Shaw, Helena, and Diamond City. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for one hundred men, built of logs, in good condition ; officers' quarters, two log and one frame buildings, in good condition; hospital. 41 by MO feet, built of logs, shingle roof; storehouses, two, Oi by :iu feet each ; block-house, two-story log building; all in good condition. Supply-depots, &c — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from depots at Chic ago. Saint Louis. Fort Leavenworth, and Jeffersonville, Indiana, transported by Missouri River to Fort Benton, thence by wagon-trains to post. Supplies are also sent over the Union Pacific Railroad to Corinne, thence by wagon. St insistence. — Six mouths' supplies kept on hand in advance of yearly estimates. Water and wood. — Water obtained from a stream running through the post. Wood supplied by Indians. — No Indians in the immediate vicinity. River and Mountain Crows on the Yellow. stone River, about 68 miles distant, supposed to number nearly 3,000, considered friendly. During the hunting season, Flatheads, Blackfect, Nez Perce's, and Gros-Ventres pass through the country near the post. Reservation. — Declared by the President May 10, 1871. Ana, :: ; square miles. Description of country, &c. — The valley and bottom lands of the surrounding country are fertile and well adapted lo agriculture, but irrigation is necessary. All kinds of grain, except corn, can be raised, and also the hard} \ at ieties of vegetables. Country is well adapted to grazing, stock as a general rule being able to remain out the year round. The grass is very nutritious, and is known as ''11110011 grass." Pine timber, of good quality, grows in the surrounding mountains, and cotton-wood, of scanty growth, in the valley along the water courses. Streams rise during spring, ami are fordable. The climate is changeable, but very healthy. The settlers in this legion arc mostly engaged in gold mining and grazing. 256 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. POST AT WHETSTONE INDIAN AGENCY. [Troops n ithdrawn April 30, 1872. Not hereinbefore described. | Locatiox.— Whetstone agency is located on the Missouri River, 30 miles distant from Fort Randall, Dakota Terri- tory, and 175 miles from Sioux City. Iowa, by land. Nearest post-office and telegraph-station at Fort Randall. Qt lexers, »&c. — The military buildings consist of quarters for one company; officers' quarters ; hospital; guard- house; block-houses; store-house; magazine; bakery; stables; workshops, &c. All the buildings are constructed of logs and cotton-wood boards and slabs, and are in good condition. Supply-depots, &c— Quartermaster's and subsistenci are furnished chiefly from the depot at Chicago bj rail to Sioux City, thence by steamet to post. Water and whop.— Water is obtained from the Missouri River by wagons. Wood supplii \ Missouri River. Hay con! i icted for in the vicinity. Subsistence.— Six months' supply kept on hand. Water and wood. — Water obtained from the Missouri River by wagons. Wood supplied bj contract. Indians, The Indians at this agency are the Minneconjou, Sans Are. and '1' wo Kettle tribes of Sioux. About arc now at the agency ami in the \ iciuitj .and not more than this number are considered as permanent residents, The number present has varied from 1,500 to 7,000; the latter number being at the agency during part of 1869 and 1870. The majority el' the Indian, In longing here :ii e constantly coming and going, and associate with roving hostile bands. The disposition of the Indians I QCy, who receive rations all the year round, or nearly so. is good, with the exception of the youi ho arc not n liable. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 2.17 post AT grand river agency, Dakota territory'. [Not hereinbefore described.] Location. — On the Missouri River, 90 miles by land, and about 120 miles by river above Fori Sully, Dakota Terri- tory. Post-office at the post. Telegraph a1 Fori Sully. Yankton, Dakota Territory, the nearesl town of any importance, 370 miles distant by wagon-road. Sioux City, Iowa, 440 miles distant by laud, and about 680 miles by river. Quarters, &c— The military buildings number twenty-four, and are constructed principally of cotton-wood They consist of quarters for two companies ; officers' quarters ; hospital: guard-house; library; store-houses; stab! laundresses' quarters; bake-house; workshop, &c. All the buildings are in fair condition. Supply-depot, &c. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores are furnished from the depots al Chicago, - and Jeifersonville ; transported from Sioux City by Missouri River. Subsistence. — Twelve months' subsistence kept on band. Water and wood. — Water obtained from the Missouri River. Wood supplied by contract. Indians. — The Indians belonging to this agency are the Upper and Lower 5fanktonnais, Cutheads, Blackfei I . I hi papas, and Sans Arc bands of Sionx. numbering from 7,000 to 9,000, Disposition at presenl peaceable. DEPARTMENT OF THE PLATTE, EMBRACING THE (STATES OF IOWA AND NEBRASKA AND TERRITORIES OF WYOMING AND UTAH; HEADQUARTERS OMAHA, NEBRASKA. POSTS. OMAHA BAEEACKS, NEBEASKA. [See page 224.1 Location, &c— Ajs described on page 224. FOET McrHEESOISr, NEBEASKA. j See page 221.] Location. — As described on page 221. Post-office and telegraph-station at the post. McPherson Station on the Union Pacific Railroad seven miles distant. < >malia 277 miles distant by rail from McPherson Station. Quarters, &c. — Are now reported iu serviceable condition. Indians. — There are now in the vicinity of the post three bands of the Sioux, numbering about 3,000, whose camps aro within a range of 50 to 140 miles. Reservation. — The reservation was originally declared by the President, January 22, 1867, enlarged January '-'■"•. 1870, and further extended October 1 1 , 1870. Ana. about 16 square miles. NOETH PLATTE STATION, NEBEASKA. [See page 222.] Location.— Latitude 40° 6', longitude 101° 25'. [See, also, page 22-.'.] Qi ieters, &C. — Noyi reported in fair condition. Guard-house built of adobe. Indians. — Bands of the Sioux and Cheyennes range in the vicinity during the hunting SIDNEY BAEEACKS, NEBEASKA. I See page 227. | Location. — As described on page •'■^. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for two companies ; officers' quarters, four buildings; hospital, throe wards and fifteen beds; guard-house, bake-house, and laundresses' quartei ; stables for ninetj horses; store-house, 15* i>\ 26 feet; house and blacksmith shop. AH wooden buildings, in excellent condition. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 259 PORT D. A. RUSSELL, WYOMING TERRITORY. I Sec page . Location. — As described on page 225. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for elevei mil band, with uecessarj mil buildings; officers' quarters, seven- teen buildings; hospital, with two wings; guard-house; store-houses, two ; stables for six hundred and seventy-two horses; bake-house, forage-house, engine-house, workshops, lain quarters, &e. All frame buildings. FORT SANDERS, WYOMING TERRITORY. I Si e page 226. ] Location. — As described on page 226. < >n the line of the Union Pacific Railroad. Station :ii the pi Quarters, &c. — Quarters for four hundred and eighty men, six buildings; officers' quarters, nine buildings, with accommodations for twelve officers; hospital, with capacity for twelve patients; store-houses, three ; cavalry stable for one hundred horses ; corral, with capacity for one hundred animals ; bakery, block house, workshops, >V c. All t be foregoing buildings arc built of logs, and are in fair condition, excepting four sets of the company quarters. Guard- house Imilt. of stone. Magazine built of bi Supply-depots, &C. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores aro furnished from the depol at Omaha bj rail. Indians. —No Indians in the immediate vicinity. FORT FRED. STEELE, WYOMING TERRITORY. [See page 228.] Location. — As described on page 228. On the North Fork of the Platte River and crossing of the Union Pacific Railroad. Benton Station about our mile distant. Telegraph-station at Benton. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for three hundred and twenty men, four log buildings with necessary out-buildings : offi- cers' quarters, one stone and four frame buildings, one and a half Btories each ; adjutant's office, library, &c, one frame building; hospital, built of logs; quartermaster's and commissary store-houses, two frame buildings; guard-house, built of stone ; stables for uinety-two horses, built of logs; corral built of logs ; quartermaster's and commissary offices, carpenter and blacksmith simps, bakery, laundresses' quarters, &c. All the buildings are in good condition. FORT BRIDGER, WYOMING TERRITORY. | See page 217.] Location. — As described on page 217. Post-office and telegraph-station at the post. Quarters, &c. — The buildings (heretofore described on page 217) generally arc in i r condition. Indians.— The nearest Indians are the Utes, on their reservation, about 75 miles south ; friendly with the presence of troops, but generally distrusted; Shoshones, 120 miles north, at their reservation on Wind River, disposition friendly. Reservation.— Reduced under act of February 24, 1871. Area, (re-located,) sixteen square miles. CAMP BROWN, WYOMING TERRITORY. [Established June 28, 1869. Not hereinbefore described.] Location. — Latitude 13 , longitude 109 . On the Shoshone Indian reservation, in the Wind River Valley, and half a mile distant from the Popsagie River. Post office and telegraph-station at Camp Sfcambaugh, Wyoming. t~ miles distant. Railroad-station at Bryan, on the Union Pacific, 150 miles distant. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for one compauy, with out-buildings containing store-rooms, bakery, &c ; office: ' quar- ters, two sets, with out-buildings, hospital, guard-house, stable, laundresses' quarters, &c. The buildings are con- structed principally of adobe, and are in good condition. Si pply-depots, ic. — Quartermaster's ami subsistence stores are furnished from depot at Omaha, 858 miles by rail to Bryan Staton, on the Union Pacific Railroad, thence by wagon-road to post. 34 260 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. Si r.-iM i'm ■!■:.— One to eight months' subsistence kept on hand, according to the time of year. Wa i er and win ii >. — Water obtained from wells, and from a ditch running through the post. Wood furnished bj contract. Indians. — Shoshones and Bannacks in the vicinity; the first tribe numbers about 1,200, ot which number 200 are able to bear arms ; the hitter tribe number about 425, about one-fifth being warriors. Reservation.— No reservation has been declared. The plan of the post is one mile square. Description oe country, &c. — The surrounding country is bounded im the west and south bytheWind River i ange of mountains, and cm the north and east by high hills. The land in the vallej s is a sandy loam, easilj cultivated and irrigated. Oats, barley, and wheat can be raised, and nearly all kinds of vegetables. The grass is short-prairie and bunch, affording excellent grazing nearlj ail the year. Timber, pine and cotton-wood, in abundance; the former on the mountains and the latter along the large streams. Streams rise in May, and with the exception of some of the larger ones, during the heavier rise in Juue, are fordable throughout the year. Climate temperate, and health of the Ideality generally good. In the hills and mountains bordering the west and south sides of the valley in which the post is located, coal exists in abundance. Sweetwater geld mines about 28 miles distant, south. CAMP STAMBATTGH, WYOMING TERRITORY. [Established August 20, 1870. Not hereinbefore described.] Loi ition. — Latitude 42 30', longitude 109 . In the region ot the Sweetwater gold mines, 2i miles from Atlantic City and 6 miles from South Pass City. Post-office and telegraph-station at the post. Bryan, on the Union Pacific Railroad, I' 1 ."* miles distant. Good wagon-roads between the post, settlements, and Bryan Station. Nearest railroad- station Point of Rocks, on Union Pacific, 07 miles distant. Salt Lake City, 272 miles : Cheyenne. 544 miles, and Omaha 960 miles distant, via Bryan. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for two companies, two buildings with wings ; officers' quarters, eight sets; hospital ; guard-house; store-houses, five ; adjutant and quartermaster's offices; cavalrj stables, 183 by 30 feet; corral, 64 by r,l leer ; workshops and miscellaneous buildings. All the buildings are constructed of logs, and are in good condition. Si en r-Di pots, &c. — Q ace stores furnished prini >m depots at Cheyenne and Omaha, via rail to Bryan, thence b\ wagon road. Subsistence. — Six months' subsistence kept on hand. Water and wood. — Water obtained from wells at post. Wood furnished by.contraet. Indians. — The nearest Indian and Bannacks, on their reservation in the Wind River Valley, about 40 miles distant, numbering about 1,700. Friendly. Ki,si:i:\ in i\. — No reservation has been declared. One mile each way from the flag-staff is held reserved. Di :iptj in Ol country, &.C. -The land generally is poor, and not well adapted to agriculture. By means ot irrigation good vegetables can hi I in the bottoms. Timber abundant, but of small growth, and only useful as fuel. Climate very healthy ; pleasant in summer, but very cold in winter, with high winds. Gold mines around and in the immediate vicinity of the post. Sweetwater River 8 miles south of the post. Trout Lake, at the headwatei s of the Sandy, about 30 miles distant. The settlers generallj are engaged in gold mining. FORT LARAMIE, WYOMING TERRITORY. [See page 221.] Location. — As described on page 221. Ti legraph-station at the post. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for six companies, two frame and one adobe building, with porches, Btone foundations and shingle runt's ; mess-rooms anil kitchens in the rear, lour adobe and one frame building: officers' quarters, ten buildings, six frame and four adobes, containing forty-three moms and fourteen kitchens; bospital, 32 by 148 feet, frame building on stone foundation; guard-houses, two buildings, one stone and i adobe; six store-houses, frame buildings, capacity 313,000 cubic feet ; stables, frame, lor one hundred and forty-four horses ; i built of stone; laundresses' quarters, three adobe buildings; adjutant's office, school bouse, post-office, bakery, « orkshops, Ac, adobe, and frame buildings. The buildings generally require repairs. Supply-depots, &c.— Quartermaster's and subsistence si ores furnished from Fort D. A. Russell depot, near Chej ennc. Indians.— At the Red Cloud agency, 35 miles from the post, are the following tribes, viz: Ogallala Sioux, Unite Sioux, A n a pa I iocs, and Che venues, numbering between 5,000 and 6,000. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 261 FORT FETTERMAN, WYOMING TERRITORY. [See [ Location. — As described on page 219. At the junction of La P : North l" . Nearest post- office, Fori Laramie, Wyoming Territory, 75 miles i i on tbe Union Pacific Railroad, 160 miles distant, via Fori Laramie, and 135 zi 'Cut-off." Tbe road bet we< i nd-Chey- enne, via Fort Laramie, is practicable at all times, and is tbe route usuallj travel •'. I ttious arc Rock Creek and Medicine Bow, on tbe Union Pacific, abou! 90 miles distant. I and the posi are obstructed only during deep snow in winter. Wagon-road from the | i id Phil Kearaej to Fort C. F. Smith, 234 miles. Qi lrters, &c. — Quarters for three hundred men: offici quarters; hospital, with accommodations lor fifteen patients; guard-house; store douses, two; stables tor fifty auimals; corral, with capacity lor fifty six-mule teams; magazine, granary, bake-house, workshops, saw-mill, laundn i ' qi uters, employe's quarters, «Stc. The buildings are principally constructed of adobe, and are in fair condition. Supply-depots, &C— Quartermaster's and subsistence stores fnrni : ' Fori D. A. Russell depot, near Chey- enne, by v, agon-road via Fort Laramie, and occasionallj via " Cut-ofl " route. Reservation. — As described on page 219. In 1870 a" wood and timber reserve " was sel aside in a portion of the Black Hills; also a "hay reserve," embracing a portion of the bottom lands of Deer Creek. A reduction of tbe reser- vation lias been ordered. CAMP DOUGLAS, UTAH TERRITORY. See page 218. | Location. — As described on page 218, excepting tbe error of placing it in " Wyoming Ti rritor; instead of " Utah Territory." Quarters, &c. — Quarters for about four hundred men, consisting of eleven barracks, 22 by 87 feel each, buill of logs, in poor condition ; mess-rooms, laundresses' quarters, Ac, new, built of lumber : officers' quarters, sixteen sets, prin- cipally log buildings. With tbe exception of four sets with new additions, their condition is poor ; hospital in fair con- dition : guard-house, new, built of lumber ; prison 18 by 58 feet, buili of stone, in fair condition ; magazine and armory built of stone ; store-houses, five built of stone, viz, one ordnance, j:; by 156 feet, one commissary, 50 by 100 feet, and three quartermaster's, 50 by 1U0 feet each, in fair condition : stable -. I wo, 28 by 105 feel each, with shed 105 by 1 1 fe >l ; corral. 105 by 34 feet ; bakery, workshops, &c. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's stores furnished principally from depot at Omaha, occasionally f t depot at Cheyenne, by rail. Subsistence stores furnished from depots at Chicago, Saint Louis, Omaha, and Cheyenne. Fresh beef furnished by contract, and the greater portion of the Hour required by the troops purchased in open market at Sail I ity. Reservation. — Declared by the President September 3, i 67. Area, two miles square. DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI. icing THE STATES OF ILLINOIS, MISSOURI, AND KANSAS. AND TERRITORIES OF COLORADO AND NEW MEXICO, AND POST OF CAMP SUPPLY, INDIAN TERRITORY; BEADQUARTERS FORT LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS. POSTS. FOET LEAVENWORTH, KANSAS. [See page '-205.] Location. — As described on page 205. Quarters, &C. — Quarters for six companies, band, and non-commissioned staff, live frame buildings and one brick, wilh necessary out-buildings; officers' quarters, seven frame buildings and one brick, two story: post headquarters building, brick, one story ; hospital, ten rooms, two-story brick : guard-house, built of stone ; post school and chapel, one-story stone building; store-house, bakery, laum Barters, workshops, Ac, frame buildings; stable, frame, eighty stalls. Department heafiq'uarters-building and buildings of the supply-depot consist of thirteen frame buildings as quarters and offices : three store-houses, built of stone, three-storj , 100 by 40 feet each, and twelve frame stables of eight v stalls each. All the buildings in fair condition. FOET EI LEY. KANSAS. [See page 209.] Location. — As described on page 209. Post-office, telegraph-office, and station of the Kansas Pacific Railroad at the post. Quarters, &C. — Quarters for four batteries or light artillery or eight companies of cavalry or infantry, six buildings, 88 by -in feet ; officers' quarters, six buildings, GO by 40 feet ; chaplain's quarters, 43 by 40 feet ; hospital, 57 by 40 feet, for forty-nine patients ; guard-house, 43 by 20 feet; all substantial stone buildings of two stories; chapel, one-story stone ; magazine, brick; two store-houses, 1 19 by 40 feet, inferior frame structures : one store-house, 119 by 18 feet, sub- stantial one-story stone building : five stables, 257 b; uiuety-four stalls, built of stone; two corrals, 277 1>\ '.'7? feet, one with stables aud one open, built of stone. Miscellaneous buildings, viz, forage-house, office, employes' quarters, bakery, laundresses* quarters, blacksinitb-shops. saddler's and carpenter's she] is, &.c., in good coudit ton. Reservation.— Declared by the President May 5, 1855. Reduced as per act of March 2, L867. Area, about 19,899 acres. FOET DODGE, KANSAS. page 200.] Locai ion.— As described on page 200. Nearest post-office, railroad and telegraph stations at Hays City, Kansas, 81 miles southwest, on the Kansas Pacific Railroad. QUAD l ERS, & C. — Quarters for three companies, two stone and one adobe building : offii ors' quarters, one stone frame, and one adobe; hospital, built of stone, with twelve beds; gnai'd-house, temporary building: offices: store houses, two, 130 by 30 feet each, one story, buill of stone ; corrals, with accommodation for two hundred animals. All i he buildings are in good condition. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 263 FORT HARKER, KANSAS. [Abandonment authorized. See page 203. ] Location. — As described on page 203. Post-office, telegraph, and station of the Kan- Pai ifii Railroad M the post. FORT HAYS, KANSAS. [See page 204.] Location.— As described on page 204. Latitude 38 I- 30 , longitude 99 9 30 . Qi lrters, &c. — Quarters for four hundred men: officers' quarters, sis sets and our double building, each with wings; commanding-officer's quarters ; offices; hospital; store-houses, two; all the foregoing are frame buildings with shingle roofs ; guard-house, new, buili of stone. The following arc stockade buildings with shingle roofs, viz, post headquarters and library, guard-house, bakery, granary, workshops; cavalry stables for one troop; posl stables for three hundred and fifty animals ; laundresses' quai fcers, &c. The buildings, generally, are in good condition. FOKT LARNED, KANSAS. [See page 205.] Location. — As described on page 205. Post-office at the post; railroad station anil telegraph-office af Hays City. Kansas, 15 miles distant. The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe" Kailroad is expected to be finished the pi miner (1872) to a point on Pawnee Creek, about live miles from the post. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for four companies; officers' quarters, three sets, built of sandstone, in good condition; hospital in one of the company quarters ; guard-house, 57 by 40 feet; quartermaster's store-house, 157-J by 42 feet; commissary store-bouses, two, l'>'-'< by 30 feet and 82^ by '- 111 feet, respectively; workshops, bakery, all sandstone buildings ; laundresses' quarters, ice-house, Ac. ; corral for one hundred and fifty animals. Reservation. — Declared by the President, January 3, 1868. Area. 1 miles square. FORT WALLACE, KANSAS. page 214.] Loi ation.— Latitude 38 IT 20 . longitude 101 35 . At the junction of Pond Creek with the South Fork of the Smoky Hill River. Post-office at the post. Wallace Station, with the telegraph-office, on the Kansas Pacific Kailroad. two miles northwest of the post. FOKT SCOTT, KANSAS. [Established October, 1869. Not hereinbefore described.] Location. — Latitude 37 40', longitude 94 45'. Post-office, telegraph, and railroad station in the town of Fori Seott. The post was established as headquarters for troops operating in southeastern Kansas. Ql arters, &c. — No Government buildings. Frame buildings erected by the Missouri River, Fort Seott and Gulf Railroad Company as quarters for three companies of troops. Reservation.— No land held reserved. 264 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. PORT LYON, COLORADO TERRITOKY. [See page 206. | Location. — As described on page 206. Nean si telegraph and railroad station at Kit Carson, on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, .">'2 miles distant. Fort Leavenworth, i ia Kit Carson, 520 miles distant. Quarters, &c.— Quarters for throe hundred and twenty men, four buildings, 100 bj 34 feei each, two of which are built of sandstone and two of adobe; officers' quarters, seven adobe buildings, one and one-half stories, containing twelve sets ; headquarter building, hospital, guard-house, magazine, chapel, bakery : stables for three troops of cavalry : store-houses, two built of stone, each 100 by 40 feet; laundresses' quarters, workshops, granary, corral, &c. All the buildings are in good condition. St pply-depots, &C. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from the depot at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, by rail to Kit Carson, thence by wagons. SUBSISTENCE. — Six months' supply usually kept on hand. POET REYNOLDS, COLORADO TERRITORY. [See page 208.] Location, &C. — As described on page 208. The post is to be discontinued. Ql lrters, &C. — Quarters for eighty men; officers' quarters, one building, containing two sets; hospital: guard- house ; store-houses, two, with ample capacity for the wants of the post ; corral for sixty animals: workshops. Ac. The buildings are constructed of adobe and wood, and are, in fair condition. SUPPLY-DEPOT.— Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, by rail to Pueblo, via Denver, thence by wagons to post. Reservation.— Declared by President, June 22, 1868. Area, about 'i'-i square miles. FORT GARLAND, COLORADO TERRITORY. [See page 201.] L,0i V.TION, &C— As described on page 201. The location commands the mouth of the cations of the Rio de los Yutosand the Rio delSangre de Christo, through which are the roads of travel. Post-office at t lie post. Nearest railroad and telegraph station at Pueblo, the terminus of the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad. 90 miles distant. Kit Carson, on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, 223 miles distant. Fort Leavenworth, via Kit Carson. 697 miles distant. Quarters, Ac— Quarters for two companies, one-story ado!:,.- buildings, in fair condition ; officers' quarters, seven oni story adobe buildings, in good condition; hospital and guard-house built of adobe; store-houses, two well constructed adobe buildings, with ample capacity for quartermaster's stores and for a year's supply of subsistence ; corral, built of adobe, containing thn pen stables (sheds) for two troops of cavalry: offices, workshops, bake-house, granary, laundresses' quarters, &c. Supply-depots, Ac— Tort Leavenworth, Kansas, by rail to kit Carson, thence by wagons. The route via Denver ami Pueblo is recommended, Rl ervation. — Declared 1>.\ the President, March 29, 1870. Ana. 6 square miles. FORT UNION, NEW MEXICO. I See page 213.] Lot moN. — As described on page 213. Post-office and telegraph-station at the post. Qt u; i ers, RT STANTON, NEW MEXICO. | Si e page 212.] Location.— As described on page 212. Nearest telegraph-station at Santa IV, 191 miles distant. Quarters, & c — Quarters for two hundred meu ; two large barracks, with commissary store-rooms attached, with capacity for six months' supplies for four companies; officers' quarters, live buildings; hospital of ample size for a four company post ; adjutant's office and small guard-house under same roof; store-honse, with capacity for six months' supplies; quartermaster's stoics for four companies ; granary, with additional rooms tor workshops. v \ r . The foregoing are substantial stone buildings with shingle root's: bakery, laundresses' quarters, Ac. built of adobe ; corral, in poor condition. Reservation. — Declared by the President, May 12, 1859. Area, 1 1 1 square miles. Reduced as per act of May 21, 1872. Area not to exceed lb square miles, and to embrace a strip of land eight miles in length and one mile from each bank of the Rio Bonito. TORT McREA, NEW MEXICO. [See page 207.1 Loc vims. &c— As described on page 207. Nearest telegraph at Sauta 1 v. 210 miles distant. FORT TULEROSA, NEW MEXICO. [To be established September, 1872.] Location - .— About 100 miles west of Fort Craig, and 76 miles northwest of Fort Bayard. Quarters, &c. — The buildings of the post have not yet been elected : $20,000 remitted in September, 1872, to build the post. 26G DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY FOSTS AND STATIONS. l'ORT BAYARD, NEW MEXICO. [Seepage 19 J Location.— As described on page L98. Nearest telegraph-station at Santa IV, 360 miles distant. Quarters, &c— Quarters for three companies; officers' quarters, eight sets; hospital, guard-house, adjutant's office; store-houses, two ; corral for one hundred animals, and one with accommodation for one troop of cavalry ■ magazine built of stun.': bakery Imiltof stone; laundresses' quarters, workshops, &c. The buildings generally are constructed of adobe and logs, and have been built by labor of the troops. R] servation.— Declared by President, April 19, 1869. Area, about 13 square miles. FORT CPMMINGS, NEW MEXICO. [See page 200.] Location. — As described on page 200. Nearest telegraph-station, Santa IV, 316 miles distant. Quarters, Ac— Quarters for one company; officers' quarters, live sets; hospital, guard-house; store-houses with capacity for two years' supply for one hundred men ; corral, &c. The buildings are built of adobe, and are in fair condition. Subsistence. — Twelve months' supply kept on hand. Indians. — Predatory bands of Apaches often range in the vicinity. Reservation.— Declared by the President, April 29, 1670. Area, 2 miles square. FORT SELDEX, NEW MEXICO. [See page 209. ] Location— Latitude 32 : 27' G", longitude lor, 53' 30". Nearest telegraph-station at Santa Fe, 263 miles north. Fort Union, New Mexico. 350 miles distant. Quarters, &c. — Quarters for two companies; officers' quarters, two double and two single buildings: hospital, capacity for ten beds; guard-house, offices, store-house, workshops, magazine, bake-house, four corrals, &c. The buildings are constructed of adobe, and are in good condition. Reservation. — Declared by the President, November 28, 1870. Area, about L5 square miles. POST OF SANTA FE, XEW MEXICO. [Not hereinbefore described.] Location. — The city of Santa IV is situated on an extensive plateau on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains : latitude 35 41', longitude 106 2'. The Rio Grande runs in a southwesterly direction from the city, about 20 miles distant at tho nearest point. A small mountain-stream, a tributary of the Rio tirande, called the Rio de Santa IV, neaih bisects the town. Fort Union, New Mexico, is about 100 miles distant, in a northeasterly direction. To the south runs the main road to Albuquerque and southern New Mexico. Post-office and telegraph-station. Nearest railroad terminus is at present Pueblo, Colorado Territory, distant about 300 miles by wagon-road. Qi utters, <£ c. — Santa IV is l be headquarters of the district of New Mexico, and the buildings formerlj composing Fort Many, which was abandoned as a post, in 1867, are still used as quarters tor troops, officers, band, Ac. There are two commissary store-houses and two quartermaster's store-houses. The hospital is located upon grounds 201 In 120 feet, and is well adapted for the purpose ; guard-house well ventilated and in good condition. The stables and corral are separate, and Hilt yards distant from the quarters. The buildings generally are adobe. Si nu.Y-i>i pots, & c— Supplies are furnished principally from depot at Fori Union. Water and wim>i>. -The water supply is obtained from Me]]- at the post. Wood furnished h\ contract. Indians. — The principal Indian tribes in and at km it the vicinity an' t he Pueblos. They an' principally engaged in agricultural pursuits, and are quiet and industrious. The lie-. Northern Apaches, and Navajos an' frequently seen in and about Santa I 'i DESCRIPTIONS <>l' MILITARY POSTS AM) STATIONS. 267 Description ov country. Tho soil of S j fruitful. Irrigation is:,: entirely relied upon, and extensive systems of aceriuias or canals surround the tow i er for this purpose being taken from the Santa Fd River. Good crops of wheat, corn, bi pepper, and many of the vegetables are raised. Potatoes cannot he successfully cultivated in this vicinil . destitute of trees. On the hills toward the mountains are round largo pines and piiion, a spei lino, furnishes the almosl sole supply of fire-wood. There are heds of bituminous coal about 25 or 30 miles to tin southwest. The post bas a j aboul acn . Tho climate i ilubrious. Mean annual temperature, i CAMP SUPPLY, INDIA X TERRITORY. Location. — As described on page 212. Hays City, Kansas, on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, 166 miles distant, the nearest railroad-station, posl offii legrapli-station. Qi irters, &c. — Quarters for six companies; officers' quarters, wil I ou for seventeen officers; adju- tant's office, hospital, guard-house ; store-houses, I wo, with capacity for one \ ear's supplies for six companies ; gran with capacity for eight hundred thousand pounds of grain ; e; idred borscs each ; corral for one hundred and seventy-five animals; bakery, &c. All the buildings are buill of cotton-wood logs. Si ppli depots, A. c. — Furnished from Fort Leavenworth and Saint Louis, \ i:i the Kansas Pacific Railroad to Hays ( ity; i uence D3 vi agon-road. Si BSISTENCE. — Six months' supplies kept on hand. 35 DEPARTMENT OF TEXAS, EMBIJ KING THE STATE OF TEXAS AND THE INDIAN TERRITORY NORTH OF TEXAS AND SOUTH OF KANSAS; HEADQUARTERS SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. POSTS. POST OF SAX ANTONIO, TEXAS. ( See page 54.] Location.— Latitude 29 32'; longitude 98 52'. Nearest railroad at Austin, 80 miles north. Good -wagon-roads to all important points in the State of Texas and along the coast. Quaiii ers, &.C.— No Government buildings, excepting one frame Malik- mi private grounds. Reservation. — None. POST OF AUSTIN, TEXAS. I Sec page 37.] Location. — Latitude 30 15'; longitude 97 IT : otherwise as given on page 37. Quarters, Ar. — Quarters for one company, with necessary out-huildings ; officers' quarters, four sets ; adjutant's office, library, &c; hospital, guard-house, quartermaster's store-house, commissary store-house, stables, and wagon- shed -. laundresses' quarters; all frame buildings, and in good condition. Supply-depots, Ac. — From depot at San Antonio, bj contract and Government wagon-trains. Subsistence. — Three months' supply kept on hand. Water and wood, &c— Water obtained from cisterns and from a wi 11 at the post. Wood, bay, and corn furnished by contract, and pnrchased in open market. FORT CLARK, TEXAS. | See page II.] la M ition. — As described on page II. Nearest railroad at Austin, about 218 miles distant via San Antonio. Quarters, &c— Q 'ters, built of stone, foi three companies and band ; officers' quai ters, three stone and three log buildings; hospital, stone, capacit} sixteen beds; guard-house, stone ; store-house, two stories, of stone; bakery, slum- ; magazine, stone; stables, two, built of frame; workshops, &c. All the buildings, stables excepted, are in very bad condition. FORT McKAVETT, TEXAS [ See page 49.] I.i ii viniN.- As described on page 19. Nearest telegraph at San Antonio, I7."i miles distant : nearest railroad at Austin, distant L85 miles. Qi utters, &c. — Quarters for eighl -.with necessary out-buildings; officers' quarters of amid.' accom- modations; hospital, guard-house; Btorc-1 scs, two; magazine, bakcrj : stables, three; forage-house, workshops. The buildings are constructed of « 1 and stone, principally stone, and are in fair condition. DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. 269 FORT CONCnO, TEXAS. [See page II.] Location.— Latitude 32 \!i. longitude 10J 22'. Nearest telcgrapli-statiou al San Antonio, 215 miles distant; nearest railroad at Austin, aboul the same distance. Good wagon-roads south, cast, and west. Communication by stages. [See, also, page H.] i,n tm ers, Ac. — Quai ters for eighl companies, some of which are yel in process of construction ; officers' quarters, seven buildings; hospital, twenty-four beds; guard-house; store-houses, two; corrals, three, with stables in magazine, workshops, .V c. All the buildings are of stone, ami well built. FORT GRIFFIN, TEXAS. [See page Location. — Latitude :'•■.' 51', longitude 99 40'. Posl office al the post. Nearest railroad and telegraph-stafion at ( lorsicana, Texas, about 180 miles distant. San Antonio 305 miles distant. page -15.] Quarters, &c. — Quarters r<>r sis companies ami band; officers' quarters, eleven sets; adjutant's office, hospital, guard-house ; store-houses, five; forage-house, bakery : stables, four open sheds ; workshops, laundresses' quarters, &c. All the buildings arc temporary structures, of wood, in \ ei j poor condition, and inadequate in capacity. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's and subsisteno stores are furnished from depots al Saint Louis, New Orleans, ami San Antonio. From Saint Louis, via Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, and Fort Richardson, Texas, by rail and contract-trains; total distance, 879 miles. From New Orleans, via Galveston and Corsicana, 306 miles by water. 271 miles by rail, and 180 miles bj wagons; total, 757. From Sau Antonio, via Fort Mason, 305 miles bj wagon FORT RICHARDSON, TEXAS. [Sit page 52. I Lo< vniix. — Latitude 33 15', longitude 9c . Nearest telegragh and railroad (Texas Central) station al Corsicana, Texas, 130 miles distant; Austin 'J in miles, and Sau Antonio 320 miles distant. (See also page 52. 1 i,; i lrters, & c. — Quarters tor seven companies of cavalry ami lour companies of infantry : officers' quai ters, eleven buildings, with necessary out-buildings ; offices, three ; library; hospital; guard-house; store-houses; quartermaster's, two; commissary, one ; ordnance, one: forage-house; magazine; bakery; workshops; laundresses' quarters; stables, six; corral. The hospital, commissary store-house, one quartermaster's store- house, bakery, magazine, and guard- house are built of stone : all the other buildings are constructed of wood and pickets. Supply-depots, &c— Quartermaster's and subsistence store are furnished from depots at New Orleans and Saint Louis. From New Orleans the route is via Corsicana, and from Sain I Louis through the Indian Territory. FORT STOCKTON, TEXAS. [ Sec page 56.] Location. — As described on page 56. On Comanche Creek and line of the great Comanche trail, the b from San Antonio to Old audNew Mexico and California, 74 miles northeast of Fort Davis. Post-office al the p Nearest telegraph at San Antonio, 392 miles distant. Nearest railroad al Austin, about 470 miles distant. Quarters, &C. — Quarters for four companies; officers' quarters, eight buildings, with accommodations for i officers; adjutant and quartermaster's offices; hospital; guard-honse; magazine; bakery; store-house, with capacity for quartermaster's and subsistence stores for four hundred men for si\- months; workshops; stables tor one hundred horses. All the buildings are constructed of adobe, excepting the guard-house and magazine, which are built of stone. 270 DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITARY POSTS AND STATIONS. POET DAVIS, TEXAS. [See page 13.] LOCATION.— As described on page 13. Nearest railroad and telegraph station at Austin. 430 miles distant. Qi irters, <& a— Quarters for four companies; officers' quarters, ten buildings ; adjutant o chapel; hospital ; guard-house; store-houses, two ; bakery; forage-hou ; corrals, two; workshops; one building with corral in use by Government employe's. All the buildin adobe, excepting four of the officers' quarters and the guard- house, which are buill of cut stone. FORT BROWN, TEXAS. [See page 40.] I'm \iion. — As described on page 10. Post-office and telegraph-station in Brownsville. No railroads in the vicinity. River steamers run between Brazos Santiago and the post; also to Ringgold Barracks, 121 mile above. Quarters, &c. — About the same as described on page POST OF RINGGOLD BARRACKS, TEXAS. [See page 53.] Location. — As described on page 53. s Quarters, &.C. — Quarters for four companies, with out-buildings, n< v, , built of brick and well constructed : officers' quarters, nine sets, new brick buildings; hospital, new, built of brick; guard-house; store-houses, two; bakery; sta i and corral. Additional quarters for officers are in course of construi tion. The old buildings consisl of one two-story frame barrack and five sets of officers' quarters. Supply-depots, tVr. — Quartermaster's and subsistence stores furnished from depot at New Orleans, via Brownsville, by water transportation. fort Mcintosh, texas. 18. ] Location.— As described on page 18. Post-office at the post. Nearest telegraph at San Antonio, ISO miles distant. Nearest railroad-station at Victoria, (Victoria and Indiauola Railroad,) about 200 miles di Quarters, &C. — Quarters for two c< tion; store-house, stone buildings, 28 by 61 feet, used at present as barracks : officers' quarters in course of erection, one of the buildings, e I completion : hospital. 136 h\ 40 feet, built of stone; guard-house, stone; bakery, stone : cavalry stables, 25 bj 188 feet, b iod, unfinished ; lour adobe buildings in use as officers' quarters, offices, workshops. >Ve. Supply-depots, &c. — Quartermaster's stores furnished from the depot at New Orleans via Brazos to Ringgold Bar- racks bj water, thence 118 miles by laud ; total dista tiles. Subsistence stores from Fort Brown (Brownsville) via Ringgold Barracks. Reservation. — None. Private lands occupied, and n taken to obtain a lease. FORT DUNCAN, TEXAS. Location. — As described on page 44. Po ; listant. Nearest railroad at Austin, distant 250 miles. Qt irters, &c. — Quarters for four companies, i f adobe and one of stone ; officers' quarters, stone and adobe buildings, of ample accommodations; hospital built of stone; guard-house, stone ; store-houses, two, DESCRIPTIONS OF MILITAEY POSTS AND STATIONS. 271 built of si : magazine, stone; bakery, buill of adobe; adjutant's office, stone; stables, two, one built of wood aud one of stone and wood : \\ orksbops, & c. Tbe hospital and guard-bouse are in poor condition. Indiana. — A band of Seminole negro Indians reside on i be i e sen a1 ion, mhi f whom arc employed as scouts and trailers. Bands of tbe Kiekapoo, Lipaus, Mescalero, and Apache tribes depredate in tbe vicinity, and arc all hostile; ICickapoos in Mexico estimated at 1,200 : Apaches, about 500; Lilians and Mescaleros live together, an. I range between Mexico and Texas. FORT QUITMAN, TEXAS. [See page 51.] Location. — Latitude 31 10', longitude 105 in. Nearest telegraph at Sama 1 ■'.'■. \rw Mexico,about 100 miles dis- tant. (Sec, also, page 51.) Qi irtbrs, &c. — Quarters for two companies; quarters for ten officers; adjutant's office ; hospital; guard-house; store-houses, two; bakery : work hops. All the foregoing buildings are constructed of adobe, and a1 present are in poor condition. Cavalry sbeds and corrals built of wood. TOUT BLISS, TEXAS. 4 [ See page 39.] Location. — As described on page 39. Nearest telegraph at Santa Fe", 330 miles distant. San Vntonio about GOO mill's distant. 1 i six days by stage ; mail twice a week. Daily mail by mounted carrier to and from Santa Fe, and by stage weekly. No railroad near. Qt vrtkrs, &c. — No Government buildings. Five buildings rented, described on pag< 39 fort sill, indiax territory. [ See page 210.] i.i itiox. — As described on page '-'In. Nearest railroad and telegraph-station is McAlester, mi the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad, 160 miles distant. During August, ]-'■!. tin- raihoad »ill in- completed t" Boggy Depot, which point is 115 miles dun cast of the post. i,i; irters, &c. — Quarters for six compat pied at present 1>,\ nine companies, with out-buildings, buill of stoui : stockade building, with ai mmodation for one company; commanding officer's quarters, and ten double sets officers' quarters; guard-house, office; store-houses, three; bake-house, work-shops, corrals, new stone buildings; commissary store-bouse, built of logs on stone foundation; hospital and two additional store-houses, with cellars in course of construction. Tin- new buildings air in good condition. Suri'l.Y-DEPOTS, &c. — Supplies furnished from depots at Fort Leavenworth and Saint Louis, by rail and contract- trains. Subsistence. — U>ou1 four months' subsistence kept on hand. Reservation. — Declared bj the President, Octobei 7, 1871. Area, 3G square miles. FORT GIBSON, INDIAN TERRITORY. [Established in 1824. Sec page 202.] i ,i M ■ wion. — As described on page 202. Telegraph and railroad-statiou at Muscogee, - miles distant, on tin Mis Kansas and Texas Railroad. Talequab, the capital of the Cherokee Nation, 21 miles distant in a northeasterly direction. Quarters, &c- Quarters for two hundred men, stone building with slate roof; officers' quarters, one stone and three wooden buildings; adjutant's office, built of stone; hospital, of wood ; guard-house, of w ood ; magazine, nt* -tone ; store-houses, three, two of stone and one of wend, (old, with stone basement : bakery, of wood ; si aides and stable- yard, built lit' stun.- : workshops, &c. All the buildings are in good condition. Reservation.— Declared by the 1 'resident . Jan nary 25, 1870. Area, about - square miles. RETURN! This book is 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. ...^ RENEWALS ONLY— TEL. NQ. 642-3405 A ■ This book is due on thelast date stamped below, or on the date tQwhfch renewed. * Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. JAN 3 01970 4 8 le VSBH REC'L ifrft - RECT . MiXj j U; RECEIV E D NQV JAN29 70-EPM LOAN Dt^( t ^0V tJ SENTONiLL OCT 2 3 109 6 U. C. BERKELEY SENT ON I* l DE C 5 1 996 U. C. BERKELE* SEN! ON ILL OCT 2 9 1997 U. C. BERKELEY 1998 L rxn 9 1 LD21A-60m-6,'69 iVi •" J (J9096slO)476-A-32 General Library University of California Berkeley HI f\ X u*+ ■* MAY 3 1 196 KJV LD 21A-50m-4,'6O (A9562sl0)476B [MAR 1W& General T ifc- r E C944/ %-#<*** iv UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY — . ■