^OAHvaaiT^^ o ^^tLIBRARYQ<- -^ILIBRARYQ^ %a3AiNn3WV^ ^(i/ojnvDJO'f^ '^odiivjdo^ ^WEUNJVER% o ^lOSANCElfj> o .^OFCAIIFO% DC Ul-I >;,OFCALIFO% %a3AiNn-3WV^ '^ ^^^^l•LIBRARYQ^ ^ ^J'JliDNVSOl^'^ %a3AlNn-3WV^ ^«!/0JllV3JO'^^ ^OFCALIFO% "^c^Aavaani^ ^weuniverva o ^lOSANCElfj> o ^OFCAllFOftj^ ^ > V/ _ IS > '%a3AiNn-3Wv ^^AavaaiH^ vvlOSANCElfjVx o so %a3AINn-3WV' o^lOSANGElfj^^ ^lllBRARYO^ ^^ILIBRARYQr^ '^- .^WEUNIVERS-//) ^,4^i %\^^7. i ^ B o %j]3AiNn3Wv ^OAyvaaii# >&Aavaani^ <: N- ^Hmmoyr^ ^Hmmo/:^ '2/odiiVDJo>' '^jo- AWtUNIVERi//, <':?i]0Nvsm^ vvlOSANCElfx> o -< ■%a3AINn-3WV^ OFCALIFO/?^;, ^OFCAIIFO% , ^ME UNIVERi"//, vvlOSANCElfj> i?Aavaan-^^'^ ^(?Abvaan-is^'^ :lOSANCElfj> %a3AiNn]UV^ ^lUBRARYO^ A^lllBRARYOc^ 30 ^(tfOJUVDJO"^ y\E UNIVERiy/i o ^lOSANCEEfj-^ %a3AiNn]v\v ^OF-CAIIFO/?/^ ^OFCAllFOff^ ^^ e necessary buildings, and to introduce extensive and permanent plans for the employment and education of such juvenile of- fenders as shall be committed to their charge. The Society beg leave to refer your Honorable Body to the annexed Abstract of a Report of a Com- mittee of the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism 11 in the city of New-York, for a full account of the ori- gin of their Association, and a developement of the principles and objects which are to govern them in its administration. CADWALLADER D. GOLDEN, President. Robert F. Mott, Secretary. REPORT, &c. It will be admitted by every person conversant with hmnan nature, and with the great objects of political association, that tliere are iew judicial considerations of greater importance, than the wise adaptation of punishment to crime. The safety of life and property ; the enjoyment of personal liberty ; the blessings of so- cial intercourse ; and the strength and stability of governments themselves; are essentially interwoven with those penal regula- tions, which coerce the refractory, and operate as dissuasives from the indulgence of passions, hostile to the general good. Of the various institutions of civil government, there are none, perhaps, which more clearly mark the progress of refinement, and the growth of enlightened feeling, than the meliorations which are visible from time to time in the criminal code of nations. In the savage and barbarous state, vengeance is the rvding principle in the infliction of punishment, and death is seldom decreed, without the accompaniment of lingering and merciless torture. As know- ledge increases, men learn to discriminate more clearly between actions and their motives : and although the divisions of the statute book become more artificial, there is an obvious attention to the natural distinctions of crime ; a more cautious inquiry into the quo animo — the nature and force of the temptation ; and more human- ity in the retributions of legal justice. But the most important step in the enactment and administration of penal laws, is the full admission of the principle, that it is not revenge which stimulates society to the infliction of punishment, and arms the law with its severest denunciations ; — that neither in the prescriptions of the Legislature, nor in the progress of juridical investigation and de- cision, are the vindictive passions to be allowed to operate ; — but that the great ends of punishment are, to deter others from crime, to prevent the aggressor from the repetition of his ofTences, and, if possible, to eflect the moral reformation of all those who become amenable to the laws. It cannot but aflbrd the highest gratification to every huraane individual, to witness the solicitude which now prevails in rela- tion to this subject. The zeal which is observable in various coun- tries, with respect to the improvement of prison discipline, to the reformation of abuses, to the perfection of criminal laws, and to the more discreet and consistent treatment of those whom oflcnded justice visits with its severe but needful inflictions, is an indubitable indication of that expansive Ixinevolcnce which is the genuine- fruit of Christianity. It is creditable to thi^ country, young as it was in 12 experience, to have given to the world one of the first efiec live im- pulses in this new sphere of wise and charitable regulation — the Penitentiary System of Prison Discipline. Had that system been pursued among us with the same intelligent and disinterested zeal with which it was commenced, our prisons would at this time ex- hibit the best models for the world to imitate ; — their influence would be far more decisive upon the public welfare; and we should not now have to lament that disrepute into which the Penitentiary Sys- tem has partially fallen, in consequence of doubts of its superi- ority. Among the evils and abuses which obstruct the operation of this system, and most powerfully counteract the reformato/y influence of imprisonment, is the want of classification among prisoners, the indiscriminate assemblage of persons of all ages and degrees of guilt, and the inevitably corrupting tendency of such an intercourse. The very imperfect structure, and the crowded state of our pris- ons, absolutely forbid the application of an adequate remedy for this deplorable evil. So notorious is the demoralizing nature of some of those institutions which are called Penitentiaries, — so gen- erally do those who are liberated from them come out more vile and corrupt, and more skilful in the various modes of depredation than when they entered; — and so seldom do they manifest any signs of reformation, that these places have acquired the appellation of Schools and Colleges of crime. The amount of injury sustained by the lamentable defects in the regulations of our city and state pris- ons, is so great, — to such an extent is the younger class of prisoners initiated in the mysteries of wickedness, by this exposure, it is a questionable point, in the estimation of many persons, whether the present system, with all its expensive apparatus, and all its show of lenity and moral treatment, is not more inauspicious to public tranquillity, than the simple incarceration and corporal chas- tisements, the whipping-posts, pillories, and croppings of former times. The experience, nevertheless, of some of the prisons of the United States, whose discipline is the most exact, and where classification is an object of careful attention; and the growing ex- perience of England, and other countries of Europe, where the san- guinary codes which have been for ages in operation, are beginning to yield, in practice, to the more rational and humane substitution of hard labor, restricted diet, solitary confinement, and judicious classification, afford unquestionable evidence, that the energies of the law in the suppression of crime, are most potent and availing, when directed with a constant reference to the moral faculties of our nature ; and when clothed with that spirit, which seeks to re- store, in order that it may safely forgive. The great object of the institution of civil government, is to ad- vance the prosperity, and to increase the happiness of its subjects. The agents of the government, become, in this point of view, the fathers of the people; and it may surely be ranked among the du- ties incident to this paternal care, not only that those who are guil- ty of crime should receive the chastisement due to their offences, but that no pains should be spared to remove the causes of offence, and to diminish, as far as possible, the sources of temptation and corruption. This obligation applies with peculiar force to the case of juvenile offenders; — a class whose increasing numbers, and de- 13 pJorable situation in this city, loudly call for the more effective in- terposition of its police, and the benevolent interference of our cit- izens in general. To this class of guilty unfortunates, the Society for the Preven- tion of Pauperism, beg leave to solicit the attention of their fellow- citizens, in the earnest hope, that means may be devised to rescue from the lowest degradation, and from the danger of utter ruin, ' hundreds and thousands of the youth of this city, of both sexes, whose crimes and misery arise, in a very marked degree, from the neglect of those who ought to be their guardians and protec- tors. Every person that frequents the out-streets of this city, must be forcibly struck with the ragged and uncleanly appearance, the vile language, and the idle and miserable habits of great numbers of children, most of whom are of an age suitable for schools, or for some useful employment. The parents of these children, are, in all probability, too poor, or too degenerate, to provide them with clothing fit for them to be seen in at school ; and know not where to place them in order that they may find employment, or be better cared for. Accustomed, in many instances, to witness at home nothing in the way of example, but what is degrading; early taught to observe intemperance, and to hear obscene and profane language without disgust; obliged to beg, and even encouraged to acts of dishonesty, to satisfy the wants induced by the indolence of their parents, — what can be expected, but that such children will, in due time, become responsible to the laws for crimes, which have thus, in a manner, been forced upon them? Can it be consistent with real justice, that delinquents of this character, should be consigned to the infamy and severity of punishments, which must inevitably tend to perfect the work of degradation, to sink them still deeper in corruption, to deprive them of their remaining sensibility to the shame of exposure, and establish them in all the hardihood of da- ring and desperate villainy? Is it possible that a christian commun- ity, can lend its sanction to such a process, without any efibrt to rescue and to save ? If the agents of our municipal government stand towards the community in the moral light of guardians of vir- tue,— if they may be justly regarded as the political fathers of the unprotected, does not every feeling of justice urge upon them the principle, of considering these juvenile culprits as falling under their special guardianship, and claiming from them the right Avhich every child may demand of its parent, of being well instructed in the nature of its duties, before it is punished for the breach of their observance? Ought not every citizen, who has a just sense of the reciprocal obligations of parents and children, to lend his aid to the administrators of the law, in rescuing those jjitiable victims of neg- lect and wretchedness, from the melancholy fate which almost in- evitably results from an apprenticeship in our common prisons. In order to arrive at a more correct understanding of the amount of the evils alluded to, the committee have to state, that they have been furnished by the District Attorney, II. Maxwell, Esq. with an abstract of those persons who were brought before the Police Mag- istrates, during the year 1822, and sentenced either to the City Bridewell from 10 to 60 days, or to the Penitentiary from 2 to G months. The li»t comprehends more than 450 persons, all under 14 25 jears of ago, and a very considerable number of both sexes be- tween the ages of 9 and 16.- None of these have been actually char- ged with crime, or indicted and arraigned for trial. It includes those only, Avho are taken up as vagrants, who can give no satis- factory account of themselves ; — children, who profess to have no home, or whose parents have turned them out of doors and take no care of them, — ^beggars and other persons discovered in situa- tions which imply the intention of stealing, and numbers who were found sleeping in the streets or in stables. These miserable objects are brought to the Police Office under suspicious circumstances, — and, according to the result of their examinations, they are senten- ced as before mentioned. Many of these are young people on whom the charge of crime cannot be fastened, and M'hose only fault is, that they have no one on earth to take care of them, and that they are incapable of providing for themselves. Hundreds, it is believed, thus circumstanced, eventually have recourse to petty thefts; or, if females, they descend to practices of infamy, in order to save themselves from the pinching assaults of cold and hunger. The list furnished us, affords numerous instances, especially of fe- males, who request to be sent to the Penitentiary, as a favor — as their only resource and refuge from greater evils. The District Attorney, in the explanations which accompany his abstract, observes, " that man)- of each description might be " saved from continued transgression, no one can doubt, who will " examine the statement that I have made from the records of the *' Police Office for the year 1822. This abstract contains the names " of more than 450 persons, male and female, none over the age " of 25, many much younger, andso/;ie so young as to bepresumed ^^ incapable of crime. v "All these have been convicted by the Police Magistrates as "disorderly persons, and imprisoned as such. "Many others not mentioned, have been discharged, from an " miwiliingness to imprison, in hope of reformation, or under pe- "culiar circumstances. "Many notorious thieves, infesting the city, were at first idle, "vagrant boys, imprisoned for a short period to keep them from "mischief. A second and a third imprisonment is inflicted, the "prison becomes familiar and agreeable, and at the expiration of "their sentence, they come out accomplished in iniquity. " I have already mentioned," observes the District Attorney, "that this statement does not include prisoners, indicted and tried "at the Court of Sessions. At each terra of the Court (the terms ' " are once a month,) the average number of lads arraigned'for pet- " ty thefts, is fiv^e or six ; and I regret to state, that lately high " crimes have been perpetrated in several instances, by boys not " over 16, who, at first, were idle, street vagrants, and, by degrees, " thieves, burglars, and robbers." From further information it appears, that about 60 persons are, upon an average, indicted and arraigned at each term of the Court of Sessions, for misdemeanors and felonies ; and that out of this number, four or five are boys under sixteen years of age. A large proportion of them, amounting to fifty or sixty per annum, are founil guilty and condemned, citlier to the City or State Peniten- tiary, there to associate with others more hardened in crime, and 15 who are ev^r ready to impart their instructions in the arts of de- ception and wickedness. It is now generally admitted, that in none of our prisons, — in the Bridewell, — the City Penitentiary — or the State Prison — as they are at present constructed, and conducted, is it possible to in- troduce those subdivisions, and restrictive regulations, which are absolutely essential to the prevention of mutual contamination, and independently of which, the prospect of reformation is really pre- posterous. In the City Prison or Bridewell, it is not only impossible to sep- arate the juvenile offenders from those that are old in crime, but the rooms are so small, and very often so crowded, as to produce an atmosphere both physically and morally disgusting in a high degree, and certainly adapted to the debasement of every virtuous sentiment, and almost inevitably ruinous to the natural sensibilities of youth. The condition of this prison, in our estimation, calls loudly for the attention of the police ; and were its actual condi- tion known to the citizens of the neighborhood, we think the no- tice of Grand Juries would be often directed to it, as a nuisance, disreputable to the character of the city. In rooms about eighteen feet square, there are often thirty or forty persons, confined togeth- er without any discrimination except that of sex and color — boys of nine years of age and upwards, sharing the same dismal fare, and mingling in conversation with aged villiany, — and girls of ten or twelve exposed to the company and example of the most aban- doned of the sex. This prison has no yard excepting for the use of the keeper. The prisoners' rooms have no outlet whatever, not even by pipes or conduits, and no ventilation excepting by the door and windows. The convicts in these small, close rooms, are employed in picking oakum. The period of confinement is from a few days to a year or more, and it is not unusual for them to re- main several months. Tlie present keeper, 3Ir. Thorpe, evidently coiltiucts the prison with as strict an attention to cleanliness and order, as the construction of the house and the nature of his charge will admit ; but both in verbal and written communications to the committee, he states unequivocally his opinion of the impossibility of classifying the prisoners in the present confined and very imper- fect building, and the consequent injury to the morals of juvenile offenders. "The number of boys," he observes, " committed to "this prison, as nearly as it can fairly be estimated, is from three " to four hundred in the course of a year, and at one time from six '♦ to nine. They are committed generally for trifling offences, such "as vagrancy, misdemeanors, &c. and some for petit and very few " for grand larcenies. The proportion that are committed here for " the second and third time, is about two-thirds of the whole, chicf- " ly owing to a want of residence, or a return from transportation, " or an escape from the Alms-house. This prison," he adds, " is "so constructed that there can be no suitable place for the confine- " ment of this class of prisoners, separate from old and hardened " offenders, with which it generally abounds ; and what induces or "leads them to the commissibn of crime, is the education they re- " ceive from the before mentioned offenders. There have been a "multiplicity of instances, where boys have been sent here as va- " grants, destitute of parents, «&c. and have cither been discharged, 16 " transported, or sent to the Aims-House, and have returned char- " ged with crime, and when examined, they have proved to have "had or received their education in this prison. They are confi- "ned with old and hardened offenders, by day and night, because " the prison is so constructed that it will not admit of keeping them "otherwise." It may well be submitted to the judgment of a discerning public, whether an exposure of a few weeks, or even of a few days, to such company and fare as are here represented, is not sufficient to sup- press, in youthful minds, all virtuous emotions ; to reconcile the feelings to a life of guilt, and even of suffering, shame, and degra- dation. Sleeping upon the bare floor, without covering, or at best with only a coarse and dirty blanket, they soon learn to brave the exposure, and to disregard the privation. That an institution of this nature, in a building so entirely inad- equate to its object, and exhibiting so much that is repulsive to the senses, and deplorable in moral regulation, should be suffered to occupy one of the most prominent and beautiful situations in the city, we cannot but consider as a reflection upon the humanity and public spirit of our citizens ; and we indulge the hope, that the pe- riod is not distant, when the city prison will be removed to a situa- tion of greater seclusion, and erected upon a plan which will admit of every facility for cleanliness, ventilation, classification, employ- ment, and perfect inspection. The Penitentiary at Bellevue, three miles from the City Hall, is destined for convicts from the city, whose period of confinement does not exceed three years. This prison, though comparatively of modern erection, does not, we regret to say, possess those requi- sites for convenient distribution, employment, instruction, moral government and easy inspection, which the present improved plans for prisons so readily afford. The boys, it is true, are here sepa- rated from the old offenders ; but this, though it is the first impor- tant step in classification, is entirely insufficient to answer the de- sired end of reformation. No principle of our common nature is better established, than that "evil communications corrupt good manners." It is certainly as necessary, in order to preserve the moral sensibilities of youth, to keep them from the society of cor- rupt persons of their own age and classj as it is from the company of older criminals. Boys imitate each other, both in virtue and in vice, more naturally and more rapidly than they do those who are much their superiors in age. They may not, indeed, receive from each other, such profound lessons in the science of crime, nor hear from the lips of their equals, observations, which will tend so ef- fectually to blast every germ of compunctive feeling, and establish the guilty soul in the principles of infidelity and misanthropy; but with associates of their own cast, they will more readily assimilate, and their initiation in depravity may prove the more certain. It is well known, that when vagrant children are taken up, on their first offence, and threatened with imprisonment, they frequently evince great penitence and contrition, entreat forgiveness on the promise of better conduct, and deprecate a confinement in gaol with cries of distress and horror. But a familiarity with the company they find there, soon wears oft' this repugnance, and renders a second conviction a thing of comparative indifference. Hence, to convert 17 a prison into a real Penitentiary, there ought to be, in a collection even of juvenile offenders, at least half a dozen different classes, not regulated by age ; for it is obvious that a prisoner of eighteen may be far less guilty, less hardened, and more open to the visita- tions of remorse and shame, than others of twelve or fourteen. The divisions should therefore depend upon an experimental inqui- ry into their moral character and dispositions, and a knowledge of their previous habits. The most important facts relative to the Bellevue prison, as con- nected with the objects of this report, will be best understood from the following answers of Arthur Burtis, Esq., superintendent of that extensive establishment, to questions sent to him from this committee. Qiies. 1. What number of boys arc sent to the Penitentiary in the course of a year, and of what ages ; and what is the average number at onetime in the prison? Ans. The average number of boys sent to the Penitentiary for the last three years, has been seventy-live per year, from twelve to sixteen years old. The average at one time in the house is about thirty-five. Ques. 2. For what offences generally are they imprisoned ? Ans. Most generally for petit larceny and vagrancy. Ques. 3. What proportion of them are sent there for the second or third time? Atis. About one-half are in for the second and third time ; but it is impossible to be exact, as the same boys come in by so many different names. Ques. 4. How far are the boys instructed? Ans. They are taught the catechism, and to read and write. Ques. 5. How far are they put to labor, in the Penitentiary ? Ans. We have not put them to labor, except a part in the Pin Factory. Ques. 6. What effect has the present treatment upon them, in reference to their reformation and future usefulness ? A71S. The effect of their present condition is deplorable. Instead of reformation, they must become worse, as we are compelled to put a boy for his first, perhaps small crime, with the old offender, if not in years, in crime, in the same room. Ques. 7. What proportion of them are destitute of parents, or other persons to take charge of them? Ans. About two-thirds have one or more parents, but in al- most every case their parents have taken very little or no care of them. Ques. 8. As far as you have experience, what is the origin, or what leads to the commission of offences by boys of those ages? Ans. The principal cause of Juvenile Delinquency, is, first, the bad example they have from their parents and guardians; when small, they are allowed to run at large without restraint. No child will be a vagrant, if put and kept steadily to a well-regulated school, but for a few-years. — But the reason why their parents will not send them, is, the encouragement which our citizens give, (and no doubt from the best motives,) to begging. When a poor child calls at a gentleman's house for a little cold victuals, who can re- fuse, when they have it, and especially, since, if not given it must 3 18 be thrown away ? But if our citizens were aware of the evil, I am sure they would make a universal stop. I can not learn of one child that has been in the habit of begging, who has not turned out a prostitute, or vagrant ; and their begging serves only to keep their parents in idleness and profligacy : for they find it so profitable, that, if they have one or two good begging children, (as they term it,) it is all they want ; all they can get by other means, goes for drink. Another cause, is, sending small children round the docks, under the pretence of picking chips, and whatever they can find ; in peddling small articles onboard of sloops, and through the streets, 6cc. These habits introduce them into bad company, and prove an almost certain cause of their ruin. It is hoped that they may be discountenanced by all good citizens. Ques. 9. What proportion of them can read and write, at the time of their committal ? Ans. About one in eight. Ques. 10. How far are the boys separate from old offenders by day and by night? Ans. They are kept entirely separate, except a few who are in the Pin Factory, and they are under the care of a keeper. From the exposition thus given of the subjects referied to their consideration, the Committee cannot but indulge the belief, that the inference which will be drawn by every citizen of New-York, from the fact^ now laid before him, will be in perfect accordance with their own, — that it is highly expedient that. A House of Re- fuge FOR Juvenile Delinquents, should, as soon as practicable, be established in the immediate vicinity of this city. The subject presents itself to the minds of your Committee, as one of the deepest importance. Such a proposition appears to us to come forward at the present time, clothed with all the authority which can be derived fiom considerations not only of humanity, of mercy, of christian tenderness, and parental feeling ; but of a due regard for the honor and reputation of this metropolis. To suffer such a building as the present Bridewell to remain in activity for a single year, after the appalling facts have been fairly disclosed of its total inadequacy to the purposes of such an institution, and the inevitable corruption of our youth, which results day by day, and hour by hour, from its continuance, — what is this but to view with complacency, and even to sanction by our apathy, a school, whose lessons of moral turpitude and of dark iniquity, must assuredly render its pupils adepts in crime, and lost to all rational expecta- tions of happiness as social and accountable beings. What parent or guardian, who has had to contend in the execution of his charge, with the innate perversities of human nature, and to enlist in the struggle between the powers of light and darkness, but must shud- der at the bare possibility, that the child of a near and valued con- nexion, should, through the enticements of wicked associates, chance to fall into the hands of the officers of justice in this city, and be placed as an apprentice in this school ! The present is emphatically an age of humanity, — of unusual sympathy, on the part of the wise and virtuous, not only for those who are suffering from the unavoidable calamities of the world, but for those who, untaught and unprotected, are left to struggle with its manifold temptations. It is a period in which science is display- 19 ingits vast and increasing resources, not only in the conveniences and embellishments of life, but in advancing the interests of human- ity, and facilitating the means by which men may become wiser and better. Prisons and hospitals have felt and are feeling its benign influence. The diseases of the body and the maladies of the mind, have experienced its relieving hand, — and even the moral disorders of our corrupt nature, have fallen within the circumference of its beneficent energies. Abroad and at home, there is a spirit of more than ordinary benevolence, seeking for the means by which it may invade more effectually, the domains of prejudice and folly, and re- lieve the sufferings Avhich they have entailed for ages upon their victims. In that quarter of the field which it has been our object to explore, much has been done in other places, and unless this city shall speedily renew its efforts, w'e shall soon be left greatly in the rear in this progress of humanity. That the views of your committee, in relation to a House of Re- fuge, are not unsupported by the opinion of many of their fellow- citizens, who have had the most extensive opportunities of forming a correct estimate of its importance, they can confidently affirm. The District Attorney, in reference to a House of Refuge, remarks, in his communication to the committee, "That many of each de- "scription might be saved" by it, "frorr^ continued transgression, " no one can doubt who will examine the statement which I have "made from the records of the Police Office for 1822. This ab- " stract contains the names of more than four hundi-ed and fifty " persons, male and female, none over the age of 25, many much " younger, and some so young as to be presumed incapable of crime. "Many others not mentioned have been discharged; from an un- " willingness to imprison, in hope of reformation, or under peculiar "circumstances. Such facts," he adds, "must satisfy every one of " the necessity of a House of Refuge. It Avould be indeed difficult " to determine who would and who w^ould not be influenced by such "an institution, to leave the paths of vice : unworthy objects might " be received, — ihiposition practiced ; yet surely out of three or " four hundred miserable b eings, some would be found worthy of "protection, and desirous of amendment. " Legislative interference must be had to carry into full effect the "objects of your institution. " The law under which the Police Magistrates convict as va- " grants, &c., ought to be amended to authorise them in proper ca- " ses, when the culprit consents, to deliver the party to the direc- " tors of the House of Refuge. The court ought to be empowered, " when boys under fourteen shall have been acquitted of a theft, " on account of their tender years to dispose of them in like man- " ner ; always consulting the views of the persons who may have " charge of your proposed institution." Thus far the District At- " torney. The keeper of the City Prison (Bridewell,) says in his letter ; " The proposition of the society for erecting a House of Refuge, "meets my warmest apjuobation. Of the boys who are committed " here, I presume there might be, with care and attention, about " one-third received in a House of Refuge, with hopes of reforma- " tion. The expense of supporting boys in a House of Refuge '* would not materially vary from 16 to 20 cents per day." 20 The Superintendent of the BelleTtie establishment, thus replies to the queries of the committee in reference to this immediate ob- ject;— Ques. 1 1 . What is your opinion of the expediency of establish- ing a House of Refuge for Juv^enile Delinquents ? Ans. I believe it feasible and necessary ; or we must continue to have our city thronged with young, idle \agrants. I think it char- itable, humane, and economical. Ques. 12, Of the boys who are in general committed to the Pen- itentiary, Avhat proportion do you think might be received into a House of Refuge with a fair prospect of their reformation/' Ans. I think two-thirds may be made useful to themselves and the public. Ques. 13. To what mechanical, or other employments coTild boys be put, in a House of Refuge, to the most advantage ? Ans. What mechanical employment will be the most advantage- ous, it is impossible for me to say. I should however suggest that they be put to different trades as application is offered for their la- bor. Ques. 14. Would it be more economical to hire out their servi- ces by contract, to labor in the Establishment, or to procure raw materials, and work them on account of the House of Refuge ? Ans. I have no doubt that hiring them out by contract would be the most economical. Ques. 15. What is the expense of supporting a boy per day in the Penitentiary? Ans. About 9 cents per day. Ques. 16. What do you think wouL,' be the expense of support- ing them in a House of Refuge? Ans. In a Temporary Refuge it will cost at least 12 cents per day, but in a Permanent, I should hope they would maintain them- selves. Ques. 17. Would it be necessary to deprive them of their liberty by restraints of walls or otherwise ? Ans. They must be kept secure until the keeper and committee are well acquainted with their wishes and character. Ques. 1 8. What proportion of them do you think would con- sent to be bound by indentures to go to sea, or to the country. Ans. They will all consent ; that must be left to the judgment of the committee. In answer to your general inquiry, I should suggest a Tempora- ry and a Permanent Refuge : the Temporary to receive all Juve- nile Offenders — to contain separate apartments for Classification ; there to have them taught and employed at such trades as may be found convenient, and not burthensome, with proper rewards and punishments, and from these bind out all that after a proper ac- quaintance with tlieir characters and wishes, give a reasonable hope of reformation, to merchants, farmers, or as seamen ; with an as- surance, if they should behave improperly again, they will have to go into the Permanent Refuge. The Permanent Refuge should receive all those in whom there is no reasonable hope of reformation, and those that should return to bad practices, after being put out of the Temporary Refuge ; these 21 should be tanght such trades as will be found most useful and con- venient, as applications may offer. July 3, 1823. Thus supported in their views of the importance of a House of Refuge, by a mass of interesting facts, and by men, whose oppor- tunities of practical information and judgment entitle their opinions to much respect, the committee cannot but indulge the belief, that the proposition of the society will meet with the prompt and cor- dial support of their fellow-citizens, with the unhesitating patronage of the Corporation, and the approval of the Legislature. It re- mains for them to state more particularly their views of the plan of such an institution, and to enter into a few details, relative to its arrangement, and to advert to the success which has been obtained in some other countries, in the erection and progress of similar es- tablishments. The design of the proposed institution is, to furnish, in the^rs^ place, an asylum, in which boys under a certain age, who become subject to the notice of our Police, either as vagrants, or houseless, or charged with petty crimes, may be received, judiciously classed according to their degrees of depravity or innocence, put to work at such employments as will tend to encourage industry and ingen- uity, taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, and most carefully in- structed in the nature of their moral and religious obligations, while at the same time, they are subjected to a course of treatment, that will afford a prompt and energetic corrective of their vicious pro- pensities, and hold out every possible inducement to reformation and good conduct. It will undoubtedly happen, that among boys collected from such sources, there will be some, whose habits and propensities are of the most unpromising description. Such boys, when left to run at large in the city, become the pests of society, and spread corruption wherever they go. To expect the reforma- tion of such, by the ordinary chances of Sunday schools, churches, or admonitions from Magistrates, would be vain and fruitless. There may be some, who, in the best regulated institution, would prove altogether incorrigible. But if placed in a situation in which their dress, their food, their labor, their privations, and enjoyments, are all made to depend on their conduct; and in which every im- portant step in the progress of improvements, advances them into a better class, and greater comforts, — when they learn to know that a daily register is made of their conduct, that this register is inspected by the governors of the institution, and bj respectable visiters, — that the public eye is tlius fixed upon them, and their fu- ture welfare has become the subject of public concern — is it not probable that in a majority of cases, the latent sparks of emulation may be elicited, and fanned into a goodly desire that they may yet live to honor their country, and to reward the assiduity which thus labors to save them ? Such an institution Avould, in time, exiiibit scarcely any other than the character of a decent school and man- ufactory. It need not be invested with the insignia of a prison. It should l)e surrounded only with a Iiigh fence, like many facto- ries in tlie nci«rhl)()rhood of cities, and carefully closed in front. Second. — In addition to the class of boys just mentioned, the com- mittee have no doubt that were such an institution once well estab- lished, and put under good regulation, the Magistrates would very 22 often deem it expedient to place offenders in the hands of its Man- ag-ers, rather than to sentence them to the City Penitentiary. The gradations of crime are almost infinite; and so minute are the shades of guilt, so remote, or so intimate the connexion between legal criminality, and previous character, it would often be judged rea- sonable to use all the discretion which the law would possibly ad- mit, in deciding upon the offence and the destination of juvenile de- linquents; and every principle of justice and mercy, would point, in numerous cases of conviction for crime to such a I'efuge and re- formatory, rather than to the Bridewell or City Prison. A third class which it might be very proper to transplant to such an establishment, and to distribute through its better divisons, are boys, (some of whom are of tender age,) whose parents, either from vice or indolence, are careless of their minds and morals, and leave them exposed in rags and filth, to miserable and scanty fare, destitute of education, and liable to become the prey of criminal associates. Many of such parents would probably be willing to in- denture their children to the managers of a House of Refuge ; and far better would it be for these juvenile sufferers, that they should be thus rescued from impending ruin. The laws of this state, do not, as in Massachusetts and some other places, authorize magis- trates to use compulsory measures with parents who thus grossly abuse their charge, and, at the same time, absolutely refuse to re- sign their children to the hands of the guardians of the poor ; but it is surely presumable, that were suitable provision made for the economical support and instruction of such children, a law for this purpose might readily be obtained. There is still a fourth description of youthful delinquents for whom the contemplated establishment would afford a most season- able and essential refuge from ahr.ost inevitable suffering and dete- rioration : that is those youthful convicts, who, on their discharge from prison, at the expiration of their sentence, finding themselves without character, without subsistence, and ignorant of the means by which it is to be sought, have no alternative but to beg or steal. They may, perhaps, be provided for at the Aims-House during a few days, or they may receive the admonitions and advice of the superintendents how to conduct themselves, but this can avail them but little, and with their previous habits unaltered, and their vicious propensities aggravated by corrupt intercourse, they again become depredators, and are again consigned to the same, or to some other prison, and most probably under a different name. Your commit- tee, cannot but consider a House of Refuge for such outcasts from society as a desideratum called for by every principle of humanity and christian benevolence. Here they will be put to work, and treated acoording to their dispositions and behavior; their capaci- ties for useful service wall become known; habits of industry will be acquired ; moral precepts will be implanted ; and suitable places will be eventually obtained for them, in which they may have eve- ry opportunity of becoming honest and useful members of the com- munity. There remains to be noticed but one more class, for whom a House of Industry and Correction, under the management we con- template, would be an appropriate place for reformation and im- provement. We allude to that class of delinquent females, who 23 are either too young, to have acquired habits of fixed depravity, or those whose lives have in general been virtuous, but who, having yielded to the seductive influence of corrupt associates, have sud- denly to endure the bitterness of lost reputation, and are cast for- lorn and destitute upon a cold and unfeeling public, full of com- punction for their errors, and anxious to be restored to the paths of innocence and usefulness. That there are many females of ten- der age Justin those predicaments in this city, none can doubt who surveys the list of last yeai-'s culprits, furnished by the District At- torney. In this list, are the names of thirteen females, of 14 years of age, fourteen others of 15 and 16, and about forty of 17 and 18. The ages of a considerable number in this appalling catalogue have not been inserted, and it is by no means to be supposed that even a majority of those unhappy females who are in the predicament we have alluded to, have become the subjects of police investiga- tion. It is very far from the intention of the Committee, to propose, that the contemplated Refuge should become the receptacle of fe- males whose ages and habitudes in the paths of guilt, render their restoration to society a question of dubious result. However de- sirable it may be, that an institution should be formed for the spe- cial purpose of affording the means of reformation, to those who are sincerely desirous to abandon a life of such debasement and wretchedness, we have no hesitation in expressing the belief, that it ought to be altogether detached from every other concern, and conducted by a separate association, and with the most prudent at- tention to delicacy and retirement. But within the ages and under the circumstances we have alluded to, it is our decided opinion, — an opinion founded not only upon the reasonableness of the propo- sition, but upon the result of similar institutions in Europe, that destitute females might form one department of the establishment, with the greatest benefit to themselves, and with adv^antage to the institution. Occupying apartments entirely distinct from those of the other sex, and separated from them by impassable barriers, the females might contribute, by their labor, to promote the interests of the establishment, and at the same time, derive from it their full and appropriate share of benefit. On this point, however, the Com- mittee only mean to express their opinion, without urging it as an indispensable part of the concern. The idea suggested by the Superintendent of the Aims-House of two distinct institutions, a Permanent and a Temporary Refuge, seems naturally to have sprung from the consideration of a distinc- tion which will doubtless be found to prevail among the inmates of such a Penitentiary, viz. — a separation of those who are obvi- ously susceptible of reformation, from those whose vicious pro- pensities appear to be incorrigible. But we do not conceive it ne- cessary to carry this principle to the length of having two distinct erections ; — nor is it apprehended that two classes will by any means be suflicient. Even if there should be no more than forty or fifty inmates of the House of Refuge, we believe that there ought to be at least six classes, in order to form such a separation of character, and establish such a gradation of treatment, as to afford a perpetual and powerful stimulus to improvement and reformation. Wc would make a distinction in each of these classes in their dress, diet, lodg- 24 ing, hours of labor, recreation, &c., and we doubt not that these and other modes of treatment, would be found quite sufficient to break down the most stubborn dispositions, without having recourse to flagellation, or other personally degrading modes of punishment. The middling and lower classes, should in no wise difier in appear- ance from a decent and well ordered school and manufactory. But we should rely above all in the reformation of our subjects, upon a careful, unabated, and judicious course of moral and religious in- struction. The Bible should become familiar, — the admirable events which it records, and the Divine precepts which it contains, should be the subject not merely of weekly but of daily enforce- ment; and, in order to render the moral and also the economical government of the institution more efficient, your committee would strongly recommend that a suitable number of ladies should be ap- pointed to take a share in its administration. Of the special and very important advantages of associating the skill, the discretion, the tenderness, and fidelity of females, in concerns of this nature, we have not the least doubt. In those countries of Europe, in which penitentiary institutions, and establishments for the support of the poor, are under the best management, women are associated in the direction. In Holland, there is not, perhaps, an alms-house, or a house of correction, in which the females do not take an active share; and in no part of the world, it is believed, are the concerns of charity, and economical government more wisely managed. In England, Scotland, and Ireland also, since the illustrious example of 5lrs, Fry and her associates in Newgate, the humane design of ladies' associations has been greatly encouraged, and accordmgly we are informed by the late reports, that female visiting committees have been formed in the prisons at Bedford, Bristol, Carlisle, Ches- ter, Colchester, Derby, Durham, Dumfries, Exeter, Glasgow, Lancaster, Liverpool, Nottingham, Plymouth; York, and Dub- lin. The Committee would therefore deem themselves very deficient, did they not hold up, in a prominent point of view, the benefits to be derived from an enlistment of the services of judicious females in this moral warfare against the vices of society; and they would beg leave further to express the opinion, that if an association of ladies were once formed for this purpose, essential benefits might result from inviting them to appoint a committee for the regular visitation and inspection of our City Penitentiary and Aims- House. Their influence and assistance would, we presume, prove acceptable and grateful to the superintendents of those depart- ments. The introduction of labor would constitute an important feature in the concern, not only as a means of diminishing its expense and promoting its moral influence, but in order to supply its subjects with that instruction and with those habits which would enable them, on leaving the house, to procure a decent and honest liveli- hood. Various kinds of manufactories and trades might, doubt- less, be introduced with advantage, and experience would soon enable the managers to decide upon the most profitable and eli- gible. Although we are not apprised of there being any where in the United States, a House of Refuge established and conducted upon 25 the principles now proposed ; yet it is known to your Committee that philanthropic individuals, in various places, have deemed such an establishment a desideratum in each of our large cities. In Bos- ton there is an institution approximating in its object, to that un- der consideration. It consists of a house, to which are sent those children, whose parents, through culpable and vicious neglect, leave them to roam through the streets untaught and unpi-otected. By the laws of Massachusetts, children thus neglected, may be ta- ken from their parents, at the discretion of persons duly authori- sed, and placed at school, or at trades with suitable masters. In this asylum, their time is divided between the exercises of a school and manufactory, and when they have attained to a sufficient de- gree of skill and learning, places are obtained for them as appren- tices at some useful art or trade. But London and Dublin afford examples, quite in unison with that which your Committee is anxious to see erected in this city. In London there are several establishments of this nature, but the one instituted in the borough, appears to come nearest in its gene- ral system to that which we would recommend. It "originated from the extent of Juvenile Depredations in the metropolis, and from a desire to ascertain the causes and arrest the progress of this great and growing evil. A large committee is appointed who meet every fortnight ; and sub-committees, with confidential agents, are employed to investigate the cases of individuals, and to register the particulars. The building consists, first of a range of workshops of one floor, upwards of 500 feet in length, under which is a rope- walk, where every kind of lines, twines, and cord are manufactu- red ; secondly, of a separate enclosure, used as a house of probation or reform, for the criminal classes of boys ; thirdly, of a similar receptacle for the same description of girls; fourthly, of a chapel for religious worship ; fifthly, of an eating-room, and also for an evening school-room ; sixthly, of a warehouse, for the reception, delivery, and sale of the manufactured articles; seventhly, of the general kitchen, bakehouse, and dormitories; and, lastly, of the re- quisite accommodations for the superintendents. The quality of the food is proportioned to the gains of the youth, or the hardness of their labour. The boys are bound apprentices for a certain number of years to the master workmen employed within the in- stitution. They have a particular dress, and a badge, which is left off after a certain period. The hours of work are from six in the morning till six in the evening in summer, and from day light till half past seven in winter. The school is open four evenings in the week for reading, writing, and arithmetic. Tlie elder boys are al- lowed to go out one day in the month, and the younger, one day in three months, to return before dark. If any one escapes and is retaken, he is treated as a refractory apprentice. The task assign- ed, is such as can easily be performed ; and of the extra labor, one- half is allowed as a reward, a small part being given in money, and the rest placed to his credit, to be paid at the end of his appren- ticeship. Work of almost every trade is done by the boys. The girls are employed in making, mending, and washing the boys' clothes, and in different kinds of needle-work; and at the age of about 16, they are placed out as liouse servants, receiving a quar- terly gratuity afterwards for good behavior during a certain period. 4 26 There are about 200 boys and girls in the place, and the result, as to conduct is extremely gratifying." Some modifications of this plan would be requisite to adapt it to the local circumstances of this city; but in its general character it exhibits a cheering evidence of the blessings which flow from well- directed efibrts to inure yovmg people to habits of industry, reg- ularity, sobriety, and morality. One of your Committee who went through the various wards of this institution, confirms the account which has been here given. The cheerful animation of the youth- ful laborers, and the neatness of their manufactured articles, were, in the highest degree, encouraging. Who can duly appreciate the importance of taking from the streets, boys who are under no pa- rental or guardian control, who are "exposed to every temptation, " addicted to every vice, ignorant of all that is good, and trained by "their associates to the perpetration of every crime;" and training them during several years in such an institution, and then providing them with situations, in which their corrected habits will, in all probability, render them examples'worthy of the imitation of others? The annual reports of the committee detail at length, numerous striking cases of the efficacy of this Refuge, in producing an entire change in the character of individual boys and girls, and their ob- taining situations of comfort and respectability.* "They are," they observe, "more happy to allude to the suc- " cess of this establishment in reclaiming the^outhful character, as " much difficulty is stated to be felt in managing juvenile ofienders "in ordinary prisons. But boys in fact require a species of disci- " pline distinct from that of men ; and as the gaols of the metropo- " lis, from their crowded state and imperfect construction, do not " admit, without considerable alterations, of such arrangements as "are necessary to reclaim these delinquents, it becomes of great " importance, that, at a period when crime is making such rapid " progress among the rising generation, a prison should be built " solely for the confinement of such offenders. It is not the wish " of the Committee that one of these boys should escape correction; t' on the contrary, they would inflict a punishment that would be <' severely felt as such, but of an opposite character and tendency " from that now experienced ; imprisonment in the gaols of the ".metropolis, being at present regarded by youthful criminals, with *' comparative indifference." It will doubtless be acknowledged by the society, that these im- portant truths apply, with almost equal pertinency, to the state of the prisons and of juvenile criminality in the city of New-York; and our authorities and our citizens at large, may echo the senti- ment contained in another part of the same report, that, " it is the " ordination of Divine Wisdom that man cannot suffer from the neg- "Icct of man, without mutual injury ; and, by a species of moral " retribution, society is punished by the omission of its duties to the " ignorant and the guilty. The renewed depredations of the offen- "der when discharged from confinement, the crimes which he pro- " pagates by his seduction and influence, spread pollution among " all with whom he associates, and the number of offenders thus *' become indefinitely multiplied." * See Appendix B. 27 From the views which they have thus laid before the society, your Committee cannot but cherish the lively expectation, that when the public mind comes to be impressed with the nature and importance of these various considerations, there will be but one opinion of the necessity and expediency of providing a place in this city, which shall serve as a real penitentiary to the younger class of offenders ; as a refuge for the forlorn and destitute, who are on the confines of gross criminality ; and as a temporary retreat for the discharged criminal, where he may find shelter, labor, and reli- gious instruction, until someway can be pointed out to him of ob- taining subsistence, without a recurrence to dishonesty and crime. If the actual situation of these several classes of criminal and des- titute beings in this city, does not open a door for christian benev- olence, as inviting in its promises of good, as any of the various kinds of charity, either at home or abroad which claim the atten- tion of our citizens, your Committee think they might in vain seek to explore the miseries of their fellow-creatures, with the hope of exciting the feelings of commiseration, and the energies of active and unwearied humanity. Can it be right that Ave should extend our views to the wants of those that are thousands of miles from us, and close our eyes upon the condition of the worse than heathen, that wander in our streets ?— Shall our hands be opened, with dis- tinguished liberality, to the means of civilizing and reforming whole nations in the remotest quarters of the globe, and closed to the ob- vious necessities of the outcasts of our own society? Your Com- mittee mean no reflection whatever on the schemes so actively prosecuted of doing good in distant parts of the earth; — but surely, if this we ought to do, the other Ave ought not to leave undone. We venture upon those remarks, under the strongest impression of the importance of the subject upon Avhich Ave have undertaken to dilate. Much more might be said in the Avay of elucidation and argument, but this is deemed unnecessary : and Ave cannot terminate our report more to the satisfaction of our oAvn minds, than by quo- ting the conclusion of the last year's report of the London Com- mittee for the improvement of Prison Discipline and the reforma- tion of Juvenile Oflenders. " We live in times in Avhich extraor- " dinary efibrts are in action for the moral Avelfare of mankind ; "Avhcnthe state of Europe opens channels of extensive usefulness, "and presents occasions for immediate exertion, Avhich could "scarcely have been anticipated, and which it AA^ould be criminal " to neglect. There seems, too, at the present time, to prevail " among the benevolent of diflierent nations, a unity of thought and "design, Avhich cannot fail to strike a considerate beholder: and " he must be dead to sensibility, Avho can contemplate, Avithout "emotion, the intercourse Avhich now subsists between men of va- " rious countries Avho are laboring for the public good, and Avhom " national diflerences have too long kept asunder. Enlightened " principles and practical benevolence are taking deep root. As- "sociations, originating in public feeling and sanctioned by public " authority, are forming in countries, Avhere co-operation in deeds " of mercy, has hitherto been but little knoAvn. The moral eflccts " of these institutions will be vast, and indeed incalculable not only "by the accomplishment of that Avhich it is their professed object " to promote ; but such associations call into action the latent seeds 28 ♦« of public virtue, — bring togetber tbe piong and the good of every " religious sentiment and political opinion, and eradicate those pre- " judices which too often alienate ailcction, and separate man from *' man. In the exercise of their duties, prison societies bring into "benevolent contact the educated and the enlightened, with the "ignorant and the debased; the great and the powerful, with the "lowly and the oppressed ; the pure and the elevated, with the ab- "ject and the guilty. They supply' an important chasm in the " widely extended circle of human charities ; connecting those who " most need, with those who most effectually can dispense mercy. " To behold nation after nation thus catching the spirit, and enga- •' ged in the arduous struggle, of self-improvement ; to trace the " progress of civilization and refinement, by the establishment of " institutions which have for their direct object the reformation of " the vicious and the succour of the oppressed ; to observe the rig- •' or of antiquated custom, and the relics of barbarism yielding be- »' fore the advancement of knowledge, and the humanizing influence •' of christian principles — this is a moral spectacle which it is indeed •'a privilege to witness, and in which it is a glory to share. " To diffuse principles, and cherish feelings, which are directly •' calculated to insure respect and obedience to the laws — meliorate •'the state of society, and promote the present and eternal well- *' being of man — is the aim of the society for the improvement of *' Prison Discipline ; and surely an object of greater importance " cannot engage the attention or impress the heart. Of the various *' obligations due to the community, the prevention of crime, may "be ranked among the most sacred : — whether regarded as a duty "enjoined by religion, urged by enlightened policy, or impelled by "benevolent feeling, it is one which involves the great interests of "human nature, and demands exertions from which no mania enti- " tied to consider himself exempt." A. The following list is extracted from the four hundred and fifty cases of Juvenile Offences, furnished by the District Attorney, from the Records of the Police Ofice, for 1 822. Henry H. aged 15, came out of Bridewell, now charged with stealing, vagrant thief; sentence 6 months to the Penitentiary. David B. aged 12, brought up by the watch, charged with steal- ing, vagrant thief; 6 months Penitentiary. William H. goes about begging, no home or business, a vagrant; 6 months Penitentiary. John T. aged 12, no parents, boards with a woman in Thomas- street, cannot tell her name, came from Newburgh a week ago, arres- ted in coming out of a house where he went to steal, vagrant thief; 6 months PeniteOiiary. Henry M. aged 12, no place to live at, goes out to beg, charged with stealing fat, vagrant thief; 6 months Penitentiary. 29 Joseph P. aged 13, no parents, no home, goes a hegging, char- ged with stealing, vagrant thief; 6 months Penitentiary. OUver R. aged 14, father Uves in Flusliing, stays with a woman in Mulberry-street, no home ; vagrant thief; 6 months Peniten- tiary. George D. aged 14, father dead, mother in Baltimore, picks up chips, begs for victuals, and steals, vagrant thief; 6 months Peni- tentiary. Thomas Y. and James M'D. boys, wandering abo'ut idle, no home, and thieves; 6 months Penitentiary. Thomas H. C. aged 12, father is dead, mother lives at service, never went to school, been twice in Bridewell, once in Penitentiary, charged with stealing; 6 months Penitentiary. Martha Van C. aged 22, taken up by the watch, out of Peniten- tiary last week, often in Bridewell, three or four times in the Pen- itentiary, no means of living, a vagrant; 6 months Penitentiary. Eliza M. aged 15, has no parents, came out of Penitentiary in December last, been there twice, charged with stealing; 4 months in the Penitentiary. Hetty S. aged 13, goes to beg, found in a house with another stealing; 6 months Penitentiary. Francis J. aged 17, has no money, no clothes, no residence; 4 months Penitentiary. Jacob B. aged 17, came out of the Penitentiary in October last, is now indicted for burglary; 6 months Penitentiary. Jane Ann S. aged 14, has been twice in Bridewell; 6 months Penitentiary. Alexander G. aged 18, no occupation, no particular place of abode, vagrant thie*"; 6 months Penitentiary. Peter W. and John W. ages 19, both noted vagrants, and idlers, vagrant thieves; 6 months Penitentiary. Phebe AnnM. aged 19, no honest means of living; 60 days City Prison. Mary Ann T. aged 18, has no honest means of support; 60 days City Prison. John C. aged 19, no particular place of residence, charged with stealing; 60 days City Prison. Samuel S. aged 14, has no means of support, came out of the Alms-House, vagrant; 6 months Penitentiary. Sally B. brought up by the watch, was taken from under the stoop of the Aims-House ; 60 days City Prison. John B. brought up by the watch, has no place of residence, and is very filthy. Hannah M. has no home, and has lodged in the watch-house for two nights past; 60 days City Prison. George, alias Rodolph T. aged 19, has no particular place to live at, no money, no clothes, charged with stealing ; 6 months in the Penitentiary. Alfred C. aged 13, was brought up, having been found sleeping in some shavings, destitute, and no home; 6 months Penitentiary. Samuel C. was found drunk in the street, without clothes to cover his nakedness, no means, no money; 60 days City Prison. Jane B. aged 1 8, came from the Penitentiary a year ago ; 6 months Penitentiary. 30 Thomas P. aged 16, has just come out of Bridewell, has been in the Penitentiary, has no particular place to live at; 6 months Pen- itentiary. Charles M., John B. and Jacob B., ages 14, were found sleeping at night in a boat, no homes, no parents ; 6 months Penitentiary. William S. aged 11, his father turned him out of the house, was found sleeping in a boat at night; 6 months Penitentiary. Sophia H. aged 14 years, Avas charged with stealing, goes about begging, has been in Bridewell 6 times, no means ; 6 months Peni- tentiary. Alexander C. has no money, no business, just come out of prison, no particular place to sleep at; 6 months Penitentiary. Etienne S. aged 21, came from Canada five months ago, first of- fence, has no place to live at ; 60 days City Prison. Rachel S. aged 1 8, has no particular place to live at, is poor and ragged, was found in the street, said she was sick ; 3 months Peni- tentiary. Susan J. aged 18, has no home or means of taking care of her- self, very filthy, and nearly naked ; 3 months Penitentiary. Mary B. aged 16, has been a vagrant about two years ; 30 days City Prison. Harriet B. aged 18, has no clothes, most of those on her back are borrowed ; 60 days City Prison. Edward Van C. aged 13, was found at night sleeping on the side- walk, has been once in Bridewell, no parents ; 6 months Peniten- tiary. John H. aged 13, was found at night sleeping on the side-walk, no parents ; 6 months Penitentiary. Lucinda D. aged 16, came out of Bridewell about two months ago, is a prostitute, no home ; 6 months Penitentiary. Robert T. a boy, brought up charged with stealing, has been in Bridewell and Penitentiary, no home ; 6 months Penitentiary. John C. aged 14, has no parents, was found sleeping in a yard on some shavings; 6 months Penitentiary. Maria W. aged 18, lives with her parents at the Hook, has been a prostitute for six months ; 4 months Penitentiary, &c. &c. &c. B. EXTRACTED FROM THE LONDON REPORTS, TEMPORARY REFUGE; The following Cases are given, as an outline of the description of characters which have been relieved by the Committee : — 1. — A. B. aged fourteen, was discharged from the New Prison, Clerkenwell. When received under the care of the Society, he had been in the commission of crime for eight months. During this period, he had plundered to a considerable amount, and had been engaged in purchasing and passing forged notes, picking pockets, and shop-lifting. He was in the Temporary Refuge for four 31 months, and his conduct satisfied the Committee of the sincerity of his professions, and the earnestness of his desire to amend his life. He was consequently admitted into the Permanent Establishment, where his conduct continued to afibrd threat satisfaction. He was discharged to his father-in-law, who is by trade a weaver, and who is teaching the lad his own trade. The accounts of his conduct are extremely favourable, and such as to justify the expectation, that he will become an honest and industrious member of society. 2. — C. D. aged seventeen, was discharged from the Borough Compter. He had been apprenticed to a paper-stainer, but having misconducted himself, left his master, and engaged himself as a gen- tleman's servant. He was tried in Horsemonger-lane, for stealing lead, in company with other bad characters, and sentenced to one month's imprisonment. "When in his master's service, he de- frauded him to a considerable amount. On the discharge of the boyfrom prison,he applied to one of the visiters of the Society, who placed him in the Temporary Refuge, where his general conduct and demeanor have given general satisfaction. He has been bound apprentice for aeven years: and the accounts received of his con- duct are very favourable. 3.— E. F. aged twelve, was discharged from the Borough Comp- ter. The father of this youth deserted his wife, and left her with five children to maintain, entirely destitute. This boy defrauded his mother, from whom he stole the implements of trade, which his father had left at home. For this oflence, his mother caused him to be committed to the Borough Compter for a week. On his discharge, he was admitted into the Temporary Refuge, and after conducting himself with propriety for six months, he was received into the Permanent Establishment. He has been bound appren- tice to a captain in the merchant service, and has lately returned from a voyage of eight months, and presented himself to the com- mittee, with an excellent character from his master. 4. — J. S. aged fourteen. This youth has been for eight months engaged in the commission of crime, during which time he had plundered and defrauded to a great amount. He had been engaged in purchasing and passing forged notes, shoplifting, picking pock- ets, &c. After having been four months in the Temporary Ref- uge, he was admitted into the Permanent Establishment, where he made considerable progress as a tailor. He has since been given up to his father-in-law, a weaver, who is teaching him his own trade, and reports to the Committee that he is going on very well, and conducts himself with great propriety. 5. — B, M. aged sixteen. This youth was about three years in the service of different gentlemen as a footboy. After having left his last place, he was taken up for picking pockets, tried at New- gate,, and sentenced to six months imprisonment in the House of Correction, Cold Bath Fields. He is now in the Permanent Estab- lishment, making considerable progress in his trade as a tailor, and conducts himself with great propriety. 6. — W. V. aged seventeen. This lad was apprenticed to a paper-stainer for some time, and afterwards engaged as a gentle- man's servant. He was tried at Horscmonger-lane for stealing lead, in company with some other lads, and sentenced to one month's imprisonment, and to be flogged. Whilst in the employ- 32 ment of one of his masters, he defrauded him to a consider- able amount, but for this offence he was not tried. He was in the Establishment for three months, and gave great satisfaction by his general conduct and demeanor. He was then bound apprentice for seven years to a merchant in Honduras, and the account both from himself and others, as to his industry and integrity, is very satisfactory. 7. — J. S. aged sixteen, is a natural child ; he never knew his father, and his mother has been dead for some years. He was in three several employments ; the first with a stationer, where he learnt part of the business, and in the two others as an errand boy. Unfortunately for him, two of his emyloyers became bankrupts, and upon the failure of the last, this lad was thrown upon the town completely destitute. He then fell into evil courses, and was im- prisoned twice; once for passing forged notes, and the second for picking a gentleman's pocket. Upon his discharge from Newgate, he solicited admission into the Temporary Refuge, and after re- maining there four months, was received into the Permanent Es- tablishment. He is now engaged in the book-binding department, where he takes a leading part, and bids fair to be a useful and res- pectable member of society. 8. — J. W, aged sixteen. His father is a schoolmaster, and in consequence of the misconduct of the lad, who had become con- nected with some bad boys, he turned him out of doors, about a year before he solicited an asylum in the Temporary Refuge. From that period until his admission, he was engaged in the com- mission of crime, and was tM'ice in NeAvgate, but was discharged the last time by proclamation, none appearing against him ; from the Temporary Refuge he was received into the Permanent Establish- ment, where he behaves very well, and is making considerable progress in his trade of a shoe-maker. 9. — H. R. aged eighteen. This lad was received into the Tem- porary Refuge, upon the recommendation of the Sheriffs of Lon- don. He had wandered from the paths of rectitude twelve months before he was received, six months of which had been passed in prison. He behaved orderly and well whilst in the Establishment, and as there was every reason to believe that he might be trusted again in the world, he was recommended to a captain of an East Indiaman, and is now on his voyage. 10. — R. I. aged twelve years, Both the parents of this boy are dead. He was for some time in the work-house of his parish, from whence he was placed out as an errand boy. In this situation he robbed his master of a one pound note, and was sent to prison for two days by the magistrates. He was recommended to the Tem- porary Refuge, and pity being taken upon his destitute situation, he was immediatel)^ received. He is now in the Permanent Estab- lishment, and has made good progress in his trade. He conducts himself perfectly well, and there is every reason to expect that he will turn out an honest and useful man. 11. — J. H. aged twenty; this young man was in the navy for two years as servant to a warrant officer. Having obtained his discharge, he was employed in difierent situations, and latterly as a potboy in difierent public houses. Having embezzled some property belonging to the master whom he last served, he was ap- ^ S5 prehended, but discharged upon trial, in consequence of a flaw in the indictment. He solicited admission into the Temporary Ref- uge, and after having conducted liimsclf very well there for some time, was placed on board a ship bound to India, and is now on his voyage. 12.— M. C. aged twenty-five ; a man of colour, was born in Ja- maica, and had been in England fifteen years- He lived nine years in the family of the gentleman who brought him to this country, and five years in another gentleman's service. He embezzled some M^earing apparel of his last master, who immediately dis- missed him from his service, but did not prosecute him. After be- ing in some other employment, he was apprehended for theft, and sent to prison. From thence he was received into the Refuge, and when an opportunity offered, Avas placed aboard a ship in the coal trade. With this situation he was not satisfied; but his first mas- ter having met with him, and feeling convinced that he was a re- formed character, he has taken him into his service again, and he is now on his voyage to India with him. IS. — J. A. aged sixteen. This lad is entirely destitute,'having no father or mother, or any friend who could assist him. He was twice imprisoned, first for a petty theft, and the second time as a vagrant. After having been six months in the Temporary Refuge, he was admitted into the Permanent Establishment, where he is now occupied in the shoemaker's shop. He conducts^himself very well, and is making a good progress in his trade. 14. — W. B. aged fourteen ; this lad was corrupted by some bad boys in the neighborhood where his parents resided. They per- suaded him to abscond from his home ; and by them he was initia- ted into the ways of vice. After having been a short^ time in prison, he was received into this Establishment. Having expressed a wish to go to sea, he was sent on a voyage in the merchant ser- vice. He conducts himself well, and to his master's satis- faction. 15. — J. G. aged twelve : this child absconded from his father's house, and associated Avith bad boys for two months. He was then taken up for theft, and after trial was received into the Tem- porary Refuge, where he remained eight months, when he was de- livered to his father. He now conducts himself extremely well, and works at his father's trade. Twelve months have elapsed since his discharge. 16. — II. P. aged thirteen ; the father of this boy has been sepa- rated for many years from his mother, and now lives with another woman. She declared she would not continue with him, if his child remained under the same roof. In consequence of this, the imnatural father turned him out of doors. He maintained himself for about six weeks by begging and holding horses in tlie street ; at length, in a state of starvation, he stole a loaf of bread out of a baker's shop. He was apprehended and sent to jjrison for one month. From the Temporary Refuge he was after some time, sent on a voyage in a merchant vessel, and has behaved so well that the captain has desired that he might be apprenticed to him. 17. — T. F. aged twelve years. This child robbed his father, who is a poor man, of some money which he had saved to pay his rent. Having absconded from his home, he was picked up in the 6 34 streets by a boy who took him to his lodgings, where he remained till he had spent the greater part of the money, and been robbed of the remainder. He then returned to his father's house, who sent for an officer, when he was taken to Worship-street Police Office, and from thence to New Prison, Clerkenwell. Being recom- mended by the magistrates, he was received into the Temporary Refuge, where he remained nine months. He is now in the Per- manent Establishment, where he behaves very well and is learn- ing the trade of a tailor. 18. — J. B. aged sixteen ; this boy who was in a stationer's ware- house, was prevailed upon by a man who had formerly been in the same employ, to rob his master. The theft being discovered, he was apprehended and was sent to Clerkenwell Prison ; from thence he was received into the Temporary Refuge, and after being therefor nine months, was admitted into the Permanent. In both in- stitutions his conduct has been good, and he is now in the shoe- making department. 19. — B. B. aged fourteen : this lad had been employed in two or three different manufactories in the neighborhood where his mother resided, his father being dead. In going to and from his mother's house to the place of his employment, he became con- nected with some bad boys, and was apprehended for stealing a pint pot from a publican's door. He remained in the Temporary Refuge four months. From thence he was apprenticed to a baker by his mother ; he has been in this situation seven months, and his master gives him an excellent character. 20. — J. U. aged sixteen. This lad, whose parents are dead, ap- pears to have conducted himself respectably whilst he was in dif- ferent situations as an errand boy, &c. Being out of employment, he became connected with some bad characters, and unfortunately was prevailed upon by them to commit a theft. For this he was apprehended and commited to Newgate, where he lay twelve weeks. After his discharge, he was received into the Temporary Refuge, from whence, after eight months, he was admitted into the Permanent. There he is engaged in the shoemaking shop : he conducts himself well, and makes great progress in his trade. 21. — C. E. aged sixteen years. This lad, whose father is an honest and industrious man, was employed for some time as an errand boy ; but having become acquainted with some bad boys, he was induced by them to become a partner in their depredations. Happily for him he was soon stopped in his career ; for being ap- prehended for a theft, he was, after a short confinement, received into this asylum. Here he remained six months, and is now in the Permanent Establishment. He is learning the trade of a shoema- ker, in which he makes considerable progress, and conducts him- self with great propriety. 22. — W. J. was born at sea ; his father was for many years in the naval service. At the age of 14 years, he was apprenticed to a trade. He fell into the company of bad characters, and joined them in committing depredations. His case was made known to the Committee ; he was received into the Temporary Refuge, and hav- ing remained a considerable time in that asylum, was apprenticed to a captain of a merchantman. His conduct on board has been most exemplary^ and entirely to the satisfaction of his employers. 35 He lately presented himself to the Committee, and returning thanks for the kind assistance which he had received, said, with much emotion, " This House has saved me from ruin !" 23. — T. H. 16 yeais of age, was received into the Temporary Refuge, having been in confinement for picking pockets. He was discharged by the Magistrates, because no prosecutor appear- ed against him. After remaining some time, he was admitted into the Refuge for the Destitute, and has since been apprenticed, at his own request, on board of a ship in the merchant service. 24. — W. J. aged 16 years ; at 12 years old he went to the ser- vice of a pawn-broker, and was with him eight months; was after- wards 20 months as a pot boy, and three months in the employ of a harness-maker ; got acquainted with some young thieves, who persuaded him to join them, and he commenced picking pockets in September, 1819 ; has been three times in confinement ; once in Tothill fields, once in Clerkenvvell, and for the last offence, robbing a child's neck of coral beads, at Sadler's wells, was confined seven weeks in Newgate, tried at the Old Bailey, and sentenced to three months imprisonment in the House of Correction. Having been admitted into the Temporary Refuge, he has been since transferred to the Permanent Establishment, where he is learning the tailoring business, and is going on very well. 25. — W. A. aged 1'4 years : his father is dead, mother a poor wo- man supports herself by charing and washing. This boy has been two years in the practice of thieving, but has been imprisoned but once, for picking a gentleman's pocket, and was discharged in consequence of the prosecutor not appearing against him. He has been transferred to the Permanent Establishment, in which he has conducted himself with great propriety, and shows much gratitude for the assistance afforded him. 26. — D. W. aged 13 years : his father is dead, mother is a book- folder. This boy robbed his master of eight books, which he sold for 3s6d. Was in confinement one month at Newgate, and tried at the Old Bailey. He has been placed in the Permanent Estab- lishment, where his conduct has been most exemplary. 27. — C. D. aged 16 years. This lad was two years a clerk in a respectable counting-house, but having stolen some property be- longing to his master, he lost his situation ; his employers declined to prosecute. He was received into the Temporary Refuge, where having conducted himself with great propriety, his former master has again taken him into his employ. 28. — C. B. 16 years of age: his parents are both dead. He worked several years at a cotton factory in Cheshire. Having found his way (about three years since) to London, has been em- ployed in the brick fields, in summer, and in the winter, in several dust yards. Being in company with three boys, he was apprehen- ded with them for robbing a till in a shop, and was committed to the New Prison, Clerkenwell, where he was confined a week. His conduct, during his residence in the Refuge was most exemplary, and he has been apprenticed for 7 years to a respectable house at Honduras. 36 FEMALEa E. S. was deprived of her father at an early age, and was brought up by her mother, a poor charwoman. At the age of fourteen years, she obtained a situation as servant in a decent family, from whose house she soon absconded, through the persuasion of some wicked girls in the neighborhood, taking away with her apparel to a considerable amount. She was immediately apprehended, taken before the magistrates, and committed for a second hearing. The prosecutor having declined to appear against her, she was dischar- ged. — She was immediately placed in the Temporary Refuge, and has since been received into the Refuge for the Destitute, where her conduct induces the hope that she will ultimately be restored to so- ciety, as a reformed character. E. W. 19 years of age, was convicted of robbing her master's house, and Avas sentenced to twelve months imprisonment in the House of Correction, Cold Bath Fields. On her discharge from prison, she was placed in the Temporary Refuge by this society, and has been since restored to her relatives, and continues to con- duct herself with propriety. M. R. 26 years of age, was convicted of picking pockets, and was sentenced to seven years transportation. This sentence was, sub- sequently, on account of some favorable circumstances in her case, commuted for two years imprisonment in the House of Correction, Cold Bath Fields. Upon the expiration of her sentence, she was sent to the Temporary Refuge by this Society, under whose care she still remains. Her friends have since been reconciled to her, and are now endeavoring to procure for her a reputable situation. Officers of the House of Refuge* CADWALLADER D. COLDEN, President. STEPHEN ALLEN, PETER A. JAY, JOHN T. IRVING, JOHN GRISCOM, HENRY I. WYCKOFF, CORNELIUS DUBOIS, RALPH OLMSTED, Treasurer. ROBERT F. MOTT, Secretary. JOSEPH CURTIS, Superintendent. Vice Presidents.- Stephen Allen, Arthur Burtis, C. D. CoLDEN, Isaac Collins, Samuel Cowdrey, Gilbert Coutant, John Duer, Cornelius Dubois, Cornelius R. Duffie, IMtanagers. Thomas Eddy, • John Griscom, James W. Gerard, Joseph Grinnell, John E. Hyde, Ansel W. Ives, John T. Irving, Peter A. Jay, James Lovett, Robert F. Mott, Hugh Maxwell, Henry Mead, Ralph Olmsted, John Stearns, John Targee, J. M. Wainwright, Henry I. Wyckoff. FIRST ANNUAL, REPORT, &c. 1825. WiTH a heart-felt interest in the cause which has been committed to their charge, the Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents meet their constituents and the public, in the needful formality of a first annual Report. At no period since their appointment (on the 19th of December, 1823,) has the question of the establishment of a House of Refuge, on the plan indicated in the Report of the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism, (which led to the formation of the Society they now represent) been for one moment regarded as an object unworthy of their anxious solicitude, and their earnest and un- remitted efforts. If any thing could have been neces- sary to stimulate them to diligence and perseverance in the accomplishment of the desired object, the gene- rous sympathies which were promptly manifested on the distribution of that report, and the benevolence which flowed spontaneously from their fellow citizens into the channel first opened to receive it, were abundantly sufficient to excite the Board of Managers to a zealous discharge of the trust reposed in them. It was obvious that throughout our whole community, the evils which were accumulating upon destitute children and young people, were regarded as truly deplorable. The expo- sure to which they are subjected, in the streetsand lurk- ingplaces of the vicious,and more especiallyin the pri- sons to which they are sentenced as a punishment, when once made known, called forth, from every hu- mane bosom, a burst of feeling in favour of some more efficient protection from the pit of destruction which yawned beneath their feet. To sentence individuals of a tender age and of either sex, for crimes into which they may have been drawh, by the almost irre- sistible impulse of circumstances to them unavoidable, to a penalty which tends immediately to prepare them for deeper guilt, was perceived to be not only a sole- 38 cisra inlegal justice, but a departure from every prin- ciple of enlarged humanity and sound discretion. The protection of society from the depredations of the vicious, is the main object of penal legislation. Not only to correct the criminal in his unprincipled course, but as far as possible to eradicate the habit and the desire of vicious indulgence, is the concurrent aim of all well devised schemes of penal jurisprudence. Reformation is, or ought to be an object dear to every man, who votes for a penal statute. In the case of the young it is almost every thing; for who can deny that juvenile offences proceed almost entirely from the influence ofbad example. To neglect the reformation of this class of delinquents, — to punish those who are young in years and in crime, by dungeons, compul- sory indolence, and wretched fare, without any attempt to break in upon the darkness of their understandings by the radiance of knowledge and religion, — and this with a view of affording protection to society, — of ren- dering property secure and public morals uncontami- nated, is surely to neglect the plainest maxims of prudence and common sense. Such, nevertheless, has been the course pursued in our own andinother countries, in relation to one of the most important considerations embraced in the whole circle of crimi- nal law. In what code shall we find a just discrimi- nation between adult and juvenile crimes, and an adequate provision for withdrawing young offenders from the vortex of corrupt association, for enlightening their minds, changing their habits and inclinations, and restoring them to society, prepared to increase the amount of industry, morals, and virtue. That a far more ample provision of this nature is absolutely necessary to complete the reformatory system oi prison discipline, so happily commenced in this coun- try, few persons we think will entertain a doubt; — that such is the tenor of public opinion in this city, is most obvious from the evidence which has been afforded us, by the cheerfulness with which contribu- tions were made, for the commencement of an insti- tution, which we trust will be not less permanent, than beneficent in its operation and example. The first concern of the Managers, after being duly 39 organized, was to ascerain to what extent they might rely upon the bounty of the city, for the means requi- site to carry into effect the proposed asylum for va- grant and depraved young people. For this purpose the city was divided into districts, and with such as- sistance as we found it not difficult to obtain, a per- sonal application was made to those of our citizens, who, it was believed, would be likely to respond to the views and objects of the Society. The result was an amount of subscriptions and donations, of about 15,000 dollars, and a universal expression in favour of the contemplated institution. Thus encouraged, the Board proceeded to solicit of the corporation, the ap- propriation of some suitable site, for the erection of a House of Refuge, and in conference with the commit- tee of that honourable body, the ground and buildings held by the general government as an Arsenal, near the head of Broadway and the Bowery, was stated to be the most eligible of any in the city, especially as it was reported that the United States had no occasion to continue much longer in the occupation of it at least as a depot of arms and ammunition. The man- ner in which this application to the city authority was received, was manifest by the report of its committee, a copy of which is hereunto subjoined. The officers of the War Department, including the present Vice President of the United States, to whom application was made in favour of a relinquishment of the said ground and buildings, for the purposes of this Society, received the proposition with cordiality, acknowledged their conviction of the utility and im- portance of the proposed institution, and agreed to convey the government title to the premises and build- ings for as small a sum as was consistent with the na- ture of their public duties. An arrangement being thus amicably concluded with both the authorities concerned, the Board of Managers was put in posses- sion, upon terms which must be regarded as extreme- ly favourable, of ground and buildings better adapted to their wants than any other within their knowledge. From the erratic and vicious habits of the boys who would necessarily be sentenced to a House of Refuge, it was easily foreseen that a high wall around the 40 premises would be indispepsable. The arsenal not only afforded this important advantage, but it con- tained a suitable dwelling for a superintendent and his family, and a building which has furnished tempo- rary accommodations for a limited number of sub- jects. The outer wall includes a space of 320 feet by 300, which is quite sufficient for any extension of the institution, which will be required at any future time.* The unavoidable delay attendant on the removal of the government stores, and the making of such al- terations as were requisite to adapt the building to the purposes intended, together with those prelimina- ry steps relative to the collection of subscriptions, the procuring of a charter, &c. which were not to be omit- ted, the Board was not prepared to open the institu- tion until the commencement of the present year. On the first day of January last, the board met and opened the Institution, in presence of a considera- ble concourse of citizens, (among whom were seve- ral members of the Corporation) who assembled to witness the ceremony of the introduction of a number of juvenile convicts, the first in this city, if not in this country, into a place exclusively intended for their reformation and instruction. The ceremony was interesting in the highest degree. Nine of those poor outcasts from society, 3 boys and 6 girls, clothed in rags, with squalid countenances, were brought in from the Police Office, and placed before the audi- ence. An address appropriate to so novel an occa- sion was made by a member of the board, and not an individual, it may safely be affirmed, was present, whose warmest feelings did not vibrate in unison with the philanthropic views which led to the foundation of this House of Refiige. Thus commenced, our insti- tution assumed a standing among the charities of our city and state, and the managers confidently believe, will prove inferior to none in the satisfaction which its operation will afford to a benevolent public, and *An application to the Legislature, for an act of incorporation met with no obsta- cle. The act received its final sanction on the 29th day of March, 1824, and a grant of |;2000 per annum, for five years, to aid in the support of the Institution, was made the last session of the Legislature. 41 in its moralizing influence upon the most degraded portions of our community. The number of its delin- quent inmates continued to increase until it amounted to 58 — beyond which the present limited accommo- dations for the males, at least, admit of no extension. Of this number, 44 were boys and 14 girls. Of the former, the oldest, at the time of his admission, was 18, and the youngest 9. — The whole number admit- ted into the house, from its commencement to the pres- ent time, is 73. They have been received from the following sources, viz : — From the Court of Sessions, for grand larceny - - 1 , for petit larceny - . - 9 From the Police Magistrates, for stealing and vagrancy - 47 From the Commissioners of the Aims-House, for stealing, vagrancy, and absconding - - - - 18 Total 73 Of this number, 6 have never been in Bridewell, , 49 have been in that prison from 1 to 7 times, , 19 have been confined in the City Penitentiary. Total 73 Of those who have been confined in the Penitentiary, 9 have servec 1 1 term c •f - 2 to 12 months 3 do. do. 2 terms amounting to 12 do. do. do. 2 do. do. 24 do. do. do. 2 do. do. 8 do. do. do. 2 do. do. 9 do. do. do. 3 do. do. 18 do. do. do. 4 do. do. 33 do. 2 do. do. 5 do. do. 36 do. 19 Of the whole number received in the house, 30 are the children of foreigners, and 43 are from the city and various parts of the state. They have been thus disposed of: — BOYS. Returned to their parents - £ Indented .---..--.5 Absconded - - -4 At present in the house 43 GIRLS. 64 Sent to the Aims-House 1 Discharged, being of age .«.-.. 1 Indented 4 In the house - 13 19 6 Total T3 42 Of the 5 boys who have been indented, 2 were placed with farmers, and the other three were bound, as seamen, to a person in whom the Managers and Superintendent place entire confidence. From one of the boys, a favourable report has been received,* the others having been recently indented, no account from them has been obtained. From two of the girls, the Superintendent has re- ceived acceptable information.* The others have but lately left the house. The subjects, on their admission, have proved, with a few exceptions, to be very ignorant. Some of them * The following letters from the respectable persons to whom these children were indented, afford encouraging hopes of their continued good conduct. P e, Jane 21st, 1825. Dear Sir, Believing that the Managers of the House of Refuge, as well as the patrons generally of that Institution, feel a lively interest in the welfare of those intrusted to your care, and sufficient time having elapsed since I recieved J. and J. to be- come acquainted with their dispositions, I write to acquaint you with their deport- ment. Joseph for about ten days, behaved extremely well — always attentive ; but after church he came to me and asked permission to take a walk; as he had been more than a mile to church, I did not consider it necessary ; and being extremely cautious that he should not become acquainted with the town boys, I refused him permission to go, and he gave out some threats to one of the servants, and refused to eat his supper. The next morning I callad him to me and conversed with him for a considerable time, telling him that he must look to me for protec- tion, which he would be sure to find whilst he conducted himself with propriety; and that he would be equally sure of punishment when his conduct was bad ; and as he had been angry enough to go without his supper, he must take the field with- out his breakfast, and at noon I would inform him whether he could have his din- ner. At 12 he came in with my man, evidently humbled and weak for want of food. I asked him if he was sorry for his conduct, he said he was; and after a prom- ise of better behaviour, for the future, I gave him his dinner. Since that I have not had cause of complaint. Jane has shown nothing of that temper which I have discovered in Joseph, and I am pleased to say, her conduct has been unexception- able up to the present time. Wishing that all those that are bound out from that Institution may conduct themselves as well as these two have so far done, I remain respectfully, Your Friend, J. W. Extract from a Letter from the same, dated 18th October. Since my last, under the date of 21st June, J. continues to conduct himself as well aa boys generally wh® have been creditably educated. He is attentive to church and to school, and appears anxious to improve. As respects J. her con- duct has been uniformly good, and I am informed by her teachers she is the best scholar in her class. D i, August 30,1825. Dear Sir, You may recollect that when I took Diana from the House of Refuge, I en- gaged to give you information respecting her behaviour in my family ; and it is with no little satisfactioji that I can with truth state to you that her conduct has been good. She has given less cause of complaint since being here, than we should have reason to expect,from a girl of her age taken from one of our well reg- ulated families in this part of the country. The lessons taught her while under your care appear to have made a proper, and I think lasting impression on her mind. She evinces a disposition to learn what is good, and such kinds of work as is proper to employ her in, she performs with ingenuity and neatness. She is not 43 by an irregular attendance at schools, had learned to read, but had acquired no relish for intellectual im- provement. Their habits, as it respects skill and useful industry, were still more deplorable. With one exception, there has not been a girl received, who could sew even well enough to make an apron. Of washing, ironing, cooking, or baking, they knew but very little, and indeed, were unable to do any thing without instruction. But such has been the progress of the females in these important attain- ments, the Superintendent has been enabled to have every garment, which his subjects have required, made without charge to the Institution. The employ- ment of the girls, in addition to the needful domestic occupations, has been chiefly the plaiting of grass ; and although they have not yet advanced sufficiently to render their skill of much pecuniary advantage, many of them have made attainments, in this branch, which justify the belief, that it may become a source of profit to the Institution, and the means of honest support to them when discharged. The most considerable occupation of the boys, has been the clearing up of the premises, by the removal and disposal of the lumber, sheds, &c., clearing and cultivating a small garden, and more especially in waiting upon, and assisting the masons and carpenters that have been engaged in various repairs, elevating the wall, and erecting a new building within the en- closure. In this exercise, they have been very effi- cient; a number of them have evinced a becoming spirit of ambition and desire of improvement, and can- not fail to have laid the foundation of future industry. able, (and perhaps never will be) to perform any heavy work, yet I consider it a fortunate accjuisition that I obtained her from you, and if the want of order and regularity in my family should not tend to weaken or do away the habits she ac- quired wiiile under your care, wo should have reason to be thankful. From the cursory view I had of your establishment, a very favourable impression was made on my mind respecting the beneficial effects it might produce in society. Since that time, I have reflected much on the subject; from which, and the facts I have learned from little D. I have been led to consider the Institution as one of the most wise, humane, and (as respects your city in particular) the most beneficial of any I am accjuainted with, and cannot but hope and believe that it may receive from both the corporation and the legislature, that fostering care and aid which in my opinion it so justly merits — and I am, Sir, with sentiments of respect and esteem. Your Fiiend,&c. &c. E. F. 44 The principal in-door employment has been shoe- making and tailoring. In these, the bojs have made no inconsiderable advancement; — one hundred and twenty-nine pair of shoes having been made, in addi- tion to forty-one pair used in the family. With res- pect to manual employment, it therefore appears that although nothing has yet been done, as a source of income to the Institution, the work accomplished by both sexes has produced a positive saving, and afford- ed a promise, under a more favourable circumstances, of a useful and profitable extension of manufacturing skill and activity. About two hours in the day, one in the morning and one in the evening, are devoted to mental improve- ment. During the first hour, they are occupied in learning to spell, read, write, and cypher, and in this exercise the system of mutual instruction is followed, and they are divided into classes agreeably to the method pursued in the Lancasterian schools. On that system the 1st Class learn the Alphabet. words and syllables of two letters. words and syllables of three and four letters. words and sentences from Scripture of five and six let- 2d 3d 4th ters. 6 th 6th 7th 8th words and sentences from Scripture of two syllables. words and sentences from Scripture of three syllables. words and sentences from Scripture of four syllables. includes the best readers, who spell and write words, with their meanings attached, and read the Old and New Testa- ments. Arithmetic, as far as Compound Division, is divided into nine classes, each class advancing a single rule. This explanation will enable us to understand the following statetnent of the Super- intendent, relative to the improvement of a number of his subjects. BOYS. Date of Entry. Class of Entry. Class 1 advan- ced to.l Date of Entry. Class of Entry. Class advan- ced to. w. c. Jan. 1 1 4 J. B. Feb. 16 1 5 J. B. 1 3 8 L. S. March 5 5 8 J. R. 1 1 4 D. S. 5 1 6 S. C. B. 7 5 8 T. S. " 14 1 5 J. H. T. 13 6 8 w. s. " 19 6 8 A. T. 12 1 4 J. L. " 23 4 6 E. M. A. M. 15 21 1 1 8 6 J. G. J. B. April 7 5 1 3 5 5 J. P. 27 1 6 T. S. 7 5 6 E. E. 27 1 6 C. J. " 20 1 4 45 GIRLS. Class Cla.ss - Date of Entry. of Entry. advan- ced to. M. A. Y. Jan. 1 5 8 C. A. A. 1 1 5 M. S. 1 5 8 A. M'C. " 1 1 4 M. A. C. " 12 5 8 M. A. P. 29 5 8 J. A. B. 22 5 8 The advancement in learning, exhibited as above, affords a very satisfactory promise of the intellectual benefit that will be likely to ensue from the present arrangements; and the Managers are further encour- aged in their views of these advantages, by knowing that the Superintendent is in the daily practice of lec- turing to the boys on the subject adapted to their intel- ligence, such as various objects of natural history, and the useful arts, availing himself of the opportuni- ty thus afforded of enforcing moral and religious truths, and inculcating desires, which tend to elevate their minds above the low and degraded habits to which they had been accustomed, and to implant the ambition of entering upon an honourable and useful course of life. By the liberality of several citizens, a number of books have been presented to the Institu- tion, suitable for the instruction of those who can read; thus laying the foundation of a library for the benefit of the House of Refuge which, it is hoped, will be en- larged by further appropriate donations, from benev- olent individuals. To excite in those delinquent youth a fondness for spending their leisure hours, in profitable reading, will be to gain no small ascenden- cy over their idle and corrupt propensities. The last of the two hours of the day devoted to instruction, is chiefly employed, by the Superintendent, in reading, lecturing, explaining, and questioning. Agreeably to a suggestion held out in the original report, the board of managers liave availed them- selves of the auxiliary superintendence of a committee of ladies, whose watchful care and enlightened coun- sel have entitled them to the sincere thanks of the board. Their benevolent attentions are producing conspicuous effects in relation to the domestic econo- 46 my and to the deportment and improvement of the female delinquents. In their weekly visits, a portion of their time is employed in hearing the girls recite portions of Scripture, and other pieces, which they have committed to memory; an exercise in which several of them have distinguished themselves by laudable and remarkable exertions. The advanta- ges to be gained by the continued superintendence of the Ladies' Committee, as the institution becomes enlarged, and the employment and exercises of the girls are multiplied, cannot be anticipated without feelings of particular satisfaction. In addition to their oversight of the domestic regulations, and of the employment of the girls, their conversations with these unfortunate children, their admonitions, their encouragement, their patient efforts to gain upon their sensibilities, to enlighten their judgments, and to im- plant, however slowly and discourageingly, the pure principles of integrity and religious obligation, all strengthened by their clear and pertinent explana- tions of Scripture truths, — cannot fail to come power- fully in aid of the instructions of the matron in efTec- ting the moral improvement of her charge. Upon the whole, as it respects the important and main question of moral reformation, the managers have abundant reason to congratulate the society on the evidences, which their short experience has af- forded, of the substantial benefit which may be ex- pected to flow from the operation of this institution. The superintendent, (whose vigilant and judicious at- tentions to the untried duties of his station have given much satisfaction,) speaks in the most decisive terms of encouragement, with respect to the moral improve- ment of the children of both sexes. Some of the boys who appeared for a considerable time to be the most obstinately depraved, began at length to yield to the application of the moral remedies which were pa- tiently and steadily applied, and now rank among the very best in the institution, — docile, industrious, and so useful by their example and correct deportment, as to have gained upon the esteem and affections of their care-takers. The same observations apply to several of the girls. 47 It was ascertained by an investigation of the circum- stances of those who first entered, that their depraved condition was, in several instances, to be attributed to the example and persuasives of a young female, who, though well known in the haunts of vice, had never rendered herself absolutely amenable to the criminal laws. To abstract such an example as this from the company to which the unguarded youth of the city were daily exposed, was considered by the superintendent as important to the objects which the society have in view, and the officers of the police were requested to have her secured and placed in the House of Refuge as soon as they could find a law- ful occasion for such a commitment. It was not very long before she was brought in ; and proved by her deportment in the house, that she had abandoned the principles of feminine propriety. Her case was dif- ficult and discouraging ; but, restrained in conversa- tion and behavior, by the salutary rules of the institu- tion, her habits became changed, and she appeared to feel sensible of the superior excellence of virtue. In the course of a few months, her conduct was so al- tered, and evinced so many proofs of thorough amend- ment, that she was considered eligible to the station of a domestic in a respectable family in Connecticut with whom she has been indented. This, with other cases of an analogous nature, have sufficiently demonstrated that among the neglected and profligate children of our metropolis, there is at least a large proportion who need only the reclaiming hand of such an institution to secure their abstraction from the delusions and horrors of vice, and establish in their minds a decided preference for a life of honest industry. The managers are thus encouraged to be- lieve even from the short period of their operations, that the influence of the society, and its institution, will produce a decided effect upon the moral habits of the children of poverty and neglected education, in this rapidly increasing city-; — that it will contribute to render its streets more decent, and its magistrates, judges, and jurors, less occupied with painful and perplexing cases of juvenile criminality. Its effects in this important relation, are believed to be already 48 conspicuous. On inquiring of the District Attorney, whose station enables him to judge correctly of these effects, he expresses himself thus : — "lam happy to state, that the House of Refuge has had a most be- nign influence in diminishing the number of juvenile delinquents. The most depraved boys have been withdrawn from the haunts of vice, and the examples which they gave, in a great degree destroyed. " 1 find no difficulty now in checking the young of- fenders. Before the establishment of the House of Refuge, a lad of fourteen or fifteen years of age might have been arrested and tried four or five times for pet- ty thefts, and it was hardly ever that a jury would convict. They would rather that the, culprit ac- knowledged to be guilty should be discharged alto- gether, than be confined in the prisons of the state or county. " This disposition so frequently exercised by mag- istrates and jurors, rendered the lad more bold in guilt; and I have known instances of lads now in the House of Refuge, being indicted half a dozen times, and as often discharged to renew their crimes, and with the conviction that they might steal with impunity. "The consideration, however, that there is a char- ity which provides for objects of this character, has removed all objections to convictions in cases of guilt. " Formerly, too many citizens were reluctant in bringing to the police-office, young persons who were detected in the commission of crimes. This operated as an encouragement to depraved parents to send very young children to depredate on the community, — if detected they knew no punishment would follow. This is one cause of the small number of juvenile of- fenders during the last year. I might enlarge on the benefits of this noble charity, were it necessary. Of this I am certain, that no institution has ever been formed in this country by benevolent men, more use- ful and beneficent. "I am very truly your obedient servant and friend, "Hugh Maxwell." Oct. 21, 1825. Of the nature and tendency of such an institution, nothing further it is presumed, need at present be 49 urged. While them anagers console themselves with the, persuasion, that it has thus far equalled, in effect, all that could reasonably have been anticipated, they need not dissemble the fact, that a fev/ of the subjects appear to evince but little fruits of the efforts made to reform and meliorate their character. Of the whole number in the house, the superintendent reports that eleven are still restless and refractory. Considering their previous habits this is no cause of surprise. As the Refuge was considered by them all as a place of durance, it was not to be expected that tiiey would enjoy the greater liberty of this new prison without the most ingenious efforts to escape its bounds. The alteration of the walls, the erection of the new build- ing, and the liberty of the yard, necessarily granted them during the day, greatly facilitated the means of escape. A number of them from time to time contin- ued to elude the vigilance of their guards. With the exception however of the four cases already men- tioned, those who absconded were brought back, and in some instances within a few hours. Of those four, one is in the state-prison for stealing, one is in the Philadelphia county-prison, one in the city-peniten- tiary, arid from the other no account has been received. This restlessness and desire to escape, has been the greatest source of anxiety and difficulty which the superintendent has had to encounter. It has rendered a constant guard necessary; but since the first of May, there has been a sufficient number of trust-worthy boys in the house, who were able and willing to act as guards over the others; and at present, there is much less desire among them to run away^ than at any previous time. In two instances, beys who ab- sconded, returned voluntarily to the house, from fa conviction that it was better for them there to remain, than to expose themselves again to their old associ- ates. With respect to the means by which this histitution is to be supported, and to take a permanent stand among the concerns of beneficence which every chris- tian nation finds it necessary to cherish, the Managers wish that they could give to the Society definite and conclusive information. The benevolence of the city 50 has indeed given to it an excellent "local habitation;*' and in the confidence of acknowledged utility, and as essential to the success of the experiment, the board felt itself bound to lay such a foundation for the recep- tion ofjuvenile delinquents as could alone satisfy their own views and those of their most intelligent fellow- citizens, of the importance of such an establishment. The building which they found on the premises, although it has answered a good temporary purpose, is totally inadequate to the wants of such a school of industry and reformation as the society has contem- plated, and the occasion demands. Accordingly, after repairing and elevating the wall around the premises, the managers contracted for the erection of a new building, designed exclusively for boys. This build- ing is in a state of forwardness, and will probably be completed by the first of December. It is a stone edi- fice, 150 feet long, by 38 feet wide, and two stories high. The lower story is to be arranged for work- shops and kitchen, and the upper for school-rooms, hospital, and dormitories, and calculated for the sep- arate lodgment of l.'^2 male subjects. This building will cost, when completed, independently of school- room and other fixtures, $10,000. The expense of raising the wall, and making needful repairs and alte- rations, has been upwards of $3,000. Two thousand have been paid to the United States, and $4,000 more remain to be paid, being the valuation of the build- ings and materials relinquished by the War Depart- ment. As soon as the new^ building is in readiness for the male subjects, it is intended to appropriate the one now occupied, to the use of the females. But it will be easily foreseen by the society, that after assign- ing suitable accommodations to the matron, this build- ing which at best is not well constructed for the pre- sent object, is quite too small to admit of that exten- sion of the female department of the institution which is so desirable. A building, corresponding with that now in progress for the males, is therefore a great de- sideratum in the completion of the plan, and the board cannot but indulge the earnest hope, that the enlight- ened bounty of the city and state will speedily author- ize its erection. It will be perceived by a statement 51 of accounts, that the funds of which the Board has been put in possession, are all pledged in the erection of the building on hand, and will scarcely be adequate to its completion. The House of Refuge has been brought into existence by the animating sympathies of our city for the destitute objects whom it embraces. But how it is to be supported, — by what unquestion- able means its continuance and its prosperity are to be secured, are considerations which call for the de- liberate attention of the Society, and which cannot but excite a feeling in the breast of every enlightened member of our community, Avho has turned his atten- tion to the nature and tendency of this institution. That the free-will offers of benevolent citizens will, when called for, still flow to its support, cannot be doubted from the manifestations already obtained of heart-felt interest in our cause. The same liberal hands that have given us a place and a name, are able to insure our continuance, and even to enlarge the sphere of our useful activity. But the question will naturally arise, — Ought such an institution as this to rest for its support on the voluntary contributions of a city, whatever may be the extent of the benevolence which it is calculated to excite ? Is it of that local and incidental character which places it in the class of those objects which are fitted merely to awaken the impulse of spontaneous charity? We would venture to call upon the members of our Corporation and of our state Legislature, to view the facts in relation to this question. Can there be a more legitimate and worthy object of legislative provision than the educa- tion of the destitute.^ And of all classes of the desti- tute, have not they the most emphatic claim to the charity of public instruction, who have the misfortune to be drawn into the vortex of crime, by the tbrce of inevitable suffering, by the urgency of guilty parents, by the excitement of wicked associates .^^ Our state is beginning to stand in the very front of those countries which view the question of education under the most truly enlightened aspect ; — which conceive it to be a solemn duty to provide liberally for the instruction of all its children, — and to spare the hand of correction, and the brand of infamy, from those whose juvenile de* 52 linquencies spring from the combined influence of ig- norance and wretchedness. On the importance of a legal provision for the education of the poor, there is hardly at present a divided opinion. But how are the peculiar objects of your bounty to be educated, unless they are entirely withdrawn from the purlieus of wick- edness, and their habits radically changed, by the im- possibility of criminal indulgence.^ We would appeal to the good sense of every citizen who hears or reads our statement. And above all we would appeal to those who have visited our House of Refuge, imper- fect as it still is, and have witnessed the altered coun- tenances, the modest demeanour, the cheerful indus- try, and the promising indications which its inmates exhibit. Ought such a school to be left to the casual charities of the kindhearted — annually to be sought after, — with difficulty gathered — and of doubtful effi- ciency.'' Can it be questioned that the redemption of all such children from such schools of crime as our Bridewell and County Prison, and sending them forth, in due time to the world, honest, intelligent, and indus- trious, will be to strike at the root of those alarming evils which fill our State Prisons, and greatly aug- ment the numbers of our city and county paupers.^^ Will not then, such a provision as ours for juvenile delinquents prove a real saving to the state ? We have the satisfaction to know^ that this question is affirma- tively answered by most, if not all of those who have viewed the subject in all its bearings, (/onsidered ei- ther as a school, a prison, or a work-house, it is deem- ed to have as just a claim upon the protection of muni- cipal and state authority as any establishment of a similar denomination. With respect to the educa- tional part of our system, we trust there will not be the least hesitation in any quarter. The state has al- ready embarked in the glorious purpose of educating its children, and especially its poor. The only point which can suggest the least difficulty, is the question of a public maintenance of these children, — of supply- ing them with food, clothing, lodging, and all the ap- paratus of a perfect domicil. But when we reflect that these pitiable beings must be somehow main- tained, and that by their depredations, and the expense 53 necessary to restrain them, thej are the occasion of greater actual cost to society, than thej will be when naade to contribute by their own labour, under the guidance of experience and system, to their own sup- port, the saving policy of such a provision cannot, we think, admit of a doubt. It will be proper to observe, that from the best estimates that can be drawn from the facts at present before the Board, it appears that the daily average cost of each subject, for clothing, food, fuel, light, hospital and school expenses, is 1 3 and 1-10 cents. This estimate is formed from the average number of 41 children, from the first of January to the first of October, embracing the first nine months of the first experiment oi" such an establishment. With a greater number and longer experience, the amount would in all probability be diminished. I( includes also no other allowance for the work of the children than the savingof expense in the making of shoes and other garments. But when the Institution is well or- ganized, it is the belief of the Managers, that the pro- fits of their labor will cover a considerable portion of the expense of their maintenance. A little time and experience will enable the Managers to decide upon the most eligible occupation, for each and all of the inmates, and, it is presumed, to adapt their exercises to the difference of genius and capacity which may be found amongst them. We are encouraged therefore, — nay emboldened and animated in the belief, that upon the face of our unvarnished statement, there will not be found an individual member either of our city or state Legislature, who will say that an institution erected for such objects, and commenced under such auspices, ought to be left to struggle with the embar- rassment of an uncertain support, but rather that it ought to enjoy that ample countenance, which the wealth and prosperity of our state enable it so freely to extend to institutions exclusively beneficent. 54 CO* «o oo o « • 6 o O 00 CI o 00 'to ^ 'to tad , a ri t; CO ca O'sCC-ltiOCi— TTS^QO ■n- M L-5 ^ -V to to n • OOiOiO— 'COOlO — C3 O ^ CO '- ■* — rr Ol^^OCDOt-ClOOO ■T Ci 'M •^ '^ CO o 00 or-ioC'jiMioi^'^io-^ lO O OO t^ r>- o Or^'^l>l0^1-ll-| O^r-i ri CO o Oi J> (N M rllO -"f «iS ^^ - w «#C#'" IN COMMON COUNCIL, March 1st, 1824. The special Committee to whom was referred the Memorial of the Board of Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Ju- venile Delinquents, presented the following Report which was adopted. The Committee to whom was referred the Memorial of the Board of Managers of the Society recently formed in this city, for the Re- formation of Juvenile Delinquents, report, That they have taken the subject into consideration, and confer- red with gentlemen appointed on behalf of said Board, and they feel a pleasure in expressing their approbation of the laudable ob- jects, which they have in view. Perhaps no institution is more de- sirable in our city, than one which aflbrds a place of refuge for neglected and depraved children, just entering upon the paths of vice, where they may be reclaimed from their bad habits, their minds instructed in the rudiments of learning, and their time devo- ted to some useful employment. Also a refuge for those juvenile convicts, continually discharged from the Bridewell and Peniten- tiary, many of whom have neither friends, parents, nor employment to return to. 56 The Commlttpe believe that such an institution, properly regula- ted and conducted, would not only tend to improve the condition of society, by lessening the commission of crime, and the number of convicts sent to our prisons, but would have a tendency to diminish the expenses of the city, incurred on that account. Under the di- rection of the intelligent and judicious individuals who now super- intend its concerns, the Committee feel satisfied that the institution and necessary erection of buildings, will not only be commenced upon an economical footing, but conducted in a manner calculated to produce permanent advantages. The immediate aid which the Memorialists solicit from the Cor- poration, is a grant of land or a piece of ground for the purpose of locating their establishment, and commencing their operations. To this subject the Committee have turned their attention, and are of opinion that the wishes of the Memorialists can be accommodated without much inconvenience to the city. The piece of ground lying at the junction of the Bloomingdale and old post roads, on which the United States Arsenal is situated, was on the seventeenth of November, eighteen hundred and seven, granted by the Corporation to the General Government, upon the express condition and understanding, that the same should be used for the purpose of an arsenal and deposite of military stores; and whenever it should cease to be used for such purpose, it was to re- vert to the Corporation. This piece of ground, which, together with the triangular plot in front containing about three acres, the Memorialists are of opinion, will be an eligible place for their establishment, and they have sta- ted to the Committee, that if the Corporation will grant, to the Mem- orialists, the right and title to said piece of ground, they are indu- ced to believe that tliey can make an arrangement with the General Government, by which they can obtain their interest in the same, and the improvements thereon erected. This request your Com- mittee consider reasonable, and are of opinion that it ought to be granted, and therefore offer the following resolution : — ^^ Resolved, That whenever the Board of Managers of the Soci- ety for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, shall obtain from the General Government, a conveyance of their interest in the piece of ground, lying at the junction of the Bloomingdale and Old post roads, the Corporation will convey to the said Board of Man- agers, {he said piece of ground, and the triangular plot in front, by a proper deed for that purpose, to be used by said Managers for the purpose of a House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents ; On con- dition, that if it shall cease to be used for that purpose, it shall then revert to the Corporation. (Signed) Jameson Cox. Alpheus Sherman. \ Geo. Zabriskie. Thomas Boston. Shivers Parker." 57 SJEIiECTIOM OF CASES. BOYS. S. C. B. — Committed from the Police-Office, aged fourteen, was born in Newtown, Conn. His father moved to New-York, and died before his memory, his mother died about a year ago, ancl left him friendless. He early commenced a career of stealing and depreda- tion, to which he was led by the company of older boys, and his brief life exhibits one of the most extraordinary instances of juvenile depravity that has come under the notice of the board. His thefts, as admitted by himself are almost be3"ond number. He has twice served out his sentence in the Penitentiary. He was much encour- aged in his thefts by the facilities aflbrded him in selling the articles he stole to persons who must have been aware of the manner in which he got them. His depredations upon entries were numerous. The Circus and Theatre also presented a wide field for his dexter- ity in picking pockets. The reformation of such a character, was a bold undertaking by the institution, but as he was young, and his ofilences had been the result of bad company, his case Avas not considered hopeless. He found means to escape the first week, but was brought back: his temper was obstinate and he was determined upon opposition. Se- vere remedies and punishments were then applied to bend his spirit, and the managers have reason to believe with success. Since April he is much improved in temper and has evinced a disposition to be- have well ; he is now one of the most agreeable and pleasant boys in the house, and is apparently quite happy : should application be made for him for a proper place where he would be strictly attend- ed, the Board think they could bind him out with safety. A. T. — Aged 16 years, was committed to this establishment by the Police under the vagrant act. Although he v.as once taken up for being in company with a boy who had committed theft, yet it does not appear that he himself had ever stolen. He lost his pa- rents when very young, and was thus thrown upon the Avorld. He has lived at several places, and worked for short periods at sev- eral employment«. Latterly he lived in Bancker-street, where his sole employment was to pick chips, and play in the streets. The first week of his commitment to this establishment, he found means to escape by the aid of carpenter's tools, the next day he returned unexpectedly, and to the great satisfaction of the superintendent — said that he had no desire of leaving the house, but was persuaded by another ; that he wished to see his sister, whom ho had heard was sick; he is sensible that this is the place for him, and the only means of ridding himself of his former associates and his evil pro- pensities. He has for several months been in the confidence of the superintendent, and principally employed as a guard over the other boys : he has also frequently been sent to the city on errands, which he has discharged faithfully. The managers think that they could bind him out to a proper place with confidence. J. H. — Now about 12 years of age, was born in the city, his pa- rents died in his infancy, and he was successively taken by several of his relations. He was one year in the Aims-House, and has been left to follow pretty much his own inclinations, without a friendly hand to guide him. So far as we know he has never been 8 fiS arratgned for crime or put in prison. He was sent to this estab- lishment by the Police under the vagrant act. He was in May last indented to a farmer in Poughkeepsie. From the time he was received into this asylum up to his leaving it, his conduct was almost unexceptionably good : to his fellows he was pleasant and agreeable, to his superiors obedient and humble. Two letters have been received from the gentleman to whom he is indented, which give satisfactory accounts of his behavior.* E. M. — Aged 15 years. His parents are now living in this city, and with whom he has always lived. He used to pick chips in the street, and the first thing he ever stole was chips from other boys. About two years since, he, in company with an older boy who had been in the Penitentiary, stole from a man in the street who was intoxicated, a bundle containing many articles ; he was taken up, tried for highway robbery, and sent to the Penitentiary for six months, when his time was out, he commenced thieving again. He was again taken up and put in Bridewell, (where he has been three or four times,) convicted and sentenced to the House of Re- fuge. He escaped in a short time, and was found in Bridewell, where he had been committed under a feigned name, under suspi- cion of shop-lifting. Severe remedies and punishments were ap- plied for nearl)- two months. He was put to the shoe maker's bench. Since April, his conduct has been such as to give much satisfaction. He is unremitted in attention to his work, and evin- ces much ambition. In short, his uniformly good conduct since the above time " impress us with the belief," says the superinten- dent, " that the steps taken for his preservation will prove success- ful ; in him we anticipate the realization of our wishes." J. P. — Aged between fourteen and fifteen, was born in Boston ; his father being dead, his mother removed to this city, and married again ; she takes in washing, and his step-father is a laborer, and works along shore. He has been to sea four months, on his return he lived with his mother, has not lived at any other place; he used to sell oysters and clams, and play about the streets. About two years ago, he stole a goose from on board a sloop, and was sent by the Police six months to the Penitentiary. He stayed out his time, and stole nothing (he says) afterwards: he was taken up in Jan- uary last on a Sunday, for getting with other boys into the cabin of a steam-boat : he was put in Bridewell and then committed to this establishment. He was never at school. His conduct at first was very refractory; evincing a settled determination to escape, in which he once succeeded, but was retaken. Appearing bent on his purpose, and making several ineffectual efforts, it was found ne- cessary to apply severe and continued punishments and confine- ment to break the obstinacy of his temper. ■ Since April, his conduct has been very good, he has been one of the guard for some months, and has frequently been sent to town with the cart. M. W. — Between 15 and 16 years of age, from the Police — he has no mother but his father is living in this city : without his fa- ther's consent he went to sea; on his return, he lived at various places and employments for short periods, in wandering in the • See Pag« 42. ^9 fltreet3 and picking chips, by which he was exposed to constant temptation. He was at length talcen np for stealing a turkey, and sent to the Penitentiary for six months. When he came out he strolled through the streets, and commenced pilfering as an occu- pation, and was three times committed to Bridewell. His conduct from the day he was received into this establishment, was uniformly good : he was one of the guard for about three months, the duties of which he performed vigilantly. After having given many evidences that he would not return to his former mal- practices, he was at his own request indented to a farmer in Broome County, on the l4th of October. G. D. — Between 14 and 15 years of age — was born in this city, his parents are living, and he has always staid with them ; he was brought up in idleness, which led to habits of pilfering. He was charged with stealing clothes, tried, and sentenced for six months to the Penitentiary, at the expiration of his sentence, as his parents had neglected him, he was sent to the Refuge by the commissioners of the Alms-house. He has conducted himself better than we had a right to expect, considering the manner in which he has been brought up. He has a cheerful and obliging disposition, and does much to obtain the good-will of the other boys. He is engaged to a person in the country. T. B. — Aged 17, committed by the Police under the vagrant act. He was born in this city ; his father is a laborer. He was some years in the Aims-House, wherce he was bound to Paterson, but having permission to spend a fourth of July in town, he did not re- turn : the winter following, he was again sent to the Aims-House, and indented to a gentleman in one of the western counties, who removing to New-YorJ\, brought the boy with him, who left his master and went to live with his father, where he staid until his mother died, when he began to lead an irregular life. The first theft he ever committed was in stealing some silver from his young brother. About four years since in company with another boy, he stole a bundle of clothes, for which he was sent to the Penitentiary for six months. He has been in the habit of drinking, in which his parents encouraged him. He says he drank one day twenty-two glasses and was not intoxicated. Since he has been in the house, the superintendent has not had mHch cause to complain of him. He has frequently been heard to express his gratitude that he was snatched from the vortex of dissi- pation into which he was fast hastening, and to exclaim " what would have become of me by this time, if I had not been brought here." R. F. — .\bout 16 years old. Was born in tliis city. His pa- rents, with whom he has lived most of the time, allowed him to be a street idler. He early commenced stealing, which seems to have been with him a passion. He has been tried for it four several times, and served out in the Penitentiary four different terms of punishment, and was finally sent to this Refuge. As he has had no opportunities of gratil'ying his vicious propen- sity since he has been here, it is not possible to say how fai- good principles ard viri-uous examples hrve had a.i e.Tect o.i hini. Tlie superintendent reports that his conduct hao been such as to give 60 him much satisfaction; he is in possession of his confidence, and has occasionly been on guard. J. T. E. — aged 17 ypai's, is a young man of good parentage, and who has Uved in several respectable places in this city. His fii'st temptation to error was the sudden attainment of money by draw- ing a prize in a lottery, which led him into dissipation and evil company. He became acquainted v,'ith women of loose character, who led him into extravagance, which induced him to commit theft to support his manner of living when his lottery money was ex- pended. The Court considering his youth, the respectabiUty of his family, and it being the first offence, thought fit to sentence him to the House of Refuge. He says he never knew a moment's happiness from the time he committed the first offence, to his be- ing taken up. Since his admission into the establishment, his conduct has been such as we have reason to be satisfied with. The abhorrence he appears to feel at, and the contrition he evinces for, his former conduct, give strong- encouragement to believe that he will yet be- come a useful and respectable member of society. GIRLS. C. A. — Aged between 1.5 and 16, has a mother in this city, with whom she has always lived. This girl was brought up to no other employment than picking chips for her mother, Avhich led her to live in the streets, and be exposed to every species of crime. She was taken up with other girls for stealing a watch. She made two several attempts to escape, and her conduct was such as to require confinement and punishment. The misconduct of this girl, we think, may Avith justice be attributed to the example of a depraved mother and elder sister, who are now in the Penitentiary, as well as to an impaired mind, occasioned by an epileptic affection with which she has been atfficted since a child. Our physicians have prescribed for her, and have been successful in suspending her fits; since July she has not had a return of them. From which time she has behaved much better. The improvernent of her mind is also sufficient to give flattering hopes of her yet becoming a res- pectable woman. A. M. C— Between 13 and 14 jears of age. Her mother lived in Bancker-street, but is now in the Alms House; the girl has lived for short periods in several places. She afterwards became associated with girls of bad character, was in the habit of picking chips, running about the docks, stealing small articles and selling them to market women. She, in company with other girls, com- mitted several robberies upon strangers in the public streets, of an aggravated nature, which indicated a degree of daring and vice be- yond her years. It may not be proper to give a detailed account of the life of this girl and several others hereafter mentioned ; suf- fice it is to say, that to reform such characters requires no ordi- nary patience and talent. Upon reading her history, it will naturally be supposed that from one so early depraved, much was not to be expected. Since her reception into this establishment, she has frequently been vis- ited by her mother, from whom we have learned sufficient to jus- tify our saying that her conduct may rather be ascribed to her bad 61 example, than to any intrinsic or natural propensity to evil. Yet notwithstanding her early disadvantages, we feel pleasure in say- ing, that within the last three months, a great change in her feel- ings, as well as her conduct, has been eflected, and she bids fair to become entirely reformed. J. M. C. — Twelve years old, born in this city, is sister of the preceding. With such an example, and such company, and without any controul from her mother, a difl'erent fate from her sister's could not be expected. She became vicious and criminal, and was taken up as an accomplice in her sister's robberies. Being younger in crime and years than her sister, there were much greater hopes of her reformation ; nor have they been disappointed . She was indented to a gentleman in Poughkeepsie some months ago, from whom very flattering accounts of her conduct havelbeen received. He states that " her conduct has been unexceptionable, and he is informed by her teachers, that she is the best scholar in her class." D. W. — Aged fifteen ; was with the last two girls on the com- mission of their robberies, and was sent to this place by the police on her being detected. After remaining a sufficient time to convince the superintendent that she felt a desire to reform, agreeably to her own wishes she was bound to a gentleman in the western part of the state. In a letter under date of the 30th August last, he states "that her con- duct has been good. She has given less cause of complaint than he should have reason to expect from a girl of her age taken from one of our well regulated families in this part of the country. The lessons taught her while under your care appear to have made a proper, and, I think, a lasting impression on . her mind. She evinces a disposition to learn what is good ; and such work as is proper for her, she performs with ingenuity and neatness." M. A. C. — Aged sixteen years. Both her parents are dead. She has been to service in several places in this city. Beino- out of j)lace, she formed acquaintance with girls who led her into vi- cious courses. She was sent one day with others of errands; after being absent some hours she returned, and said she had been to see her relations. She stated that from the moment she had left the house until her return she was unhappy, and that she wished to remain here until it was thought best for her to leave. Her im- provement is such as to give much satisfaction. She appears de- termined upon becoming a respectable woman. She has acquired the art of manufacturing grass into hats, and has a happy faculty of teaching others. S. A. R. — Aged between thirteen and fourteen years, was born in this city. Her parents having died, she was put to several pla- ces, at none of which she remained any time, or received any im- provement. She was taken up by the watch and sent to this es- tablishment. Her conduct since June has been more than ordina- rily good : she is very ambitious, and frequently exerts herself beyond her strength. She, in a few days, is to be bound out. J. G. — Aged between 16 and 17. She has lived in several pla- ces but in none to any advantage to her principles or habits. Her last place, in Bancker-street, led her to form evil associates. She was taken up by the watch, being in bad company, and committed 62 to this house. With her conduct since in the house, the superin- tendent has had better reason to be satisfied than with that of any- other of our female siibjects, notwithstanding the vicious life she led the last year before she canrie into this establishment. She has Txiany good principles. After being in the house a few weeks, she became willing to yield to restraints and attend to advice given her. She has a good disposition, and pleasant manners. She was inden- ted the beginning of last month. Subscribers and l^onors ^mWi Israel Corse Harriet Douglass Thomas Gibbons William Jauncey James Lovett John Watts Moses Allen John Adams George Arcularius Stephen Allen - William B. Astor David Austin Saul Alley Thomas Allen - Cornelius M. Allen - Henian Averill - Divie Bethune - Daniel Berrien - Henry Brevoort,jun - Thomas S. Byrnes Robert Brown - William Bayard Henry Barclay - Joseph Blackwell Isaac Bronson - James Boggs Floyd S- Bailey - Henry Booraem James Byers Hyppoiite Barrere F. Barretto Abraham Bell - M. W, Brett Gurdon Buck Robert Bogardus Dr. William Barrow - James Boorman TO THE 5j (?)Tp iB:Ei?®(i'j»- tendent, he was indented to a farmer in the country. Since his in- denture, we have been informed by the gentleman with whom he lives, that " he is industrious, attentive, and kind ; and such is the state of his mind as relates to religion and morality, that he will reprove his men for using profane language, in a prompt, though modest and becoming manner, often referring to the precepts he received from his recent friends." D. B. L. — Aged fifteen years, born in New-York, committed from the Police, on suspicion of having stolen a shawl. He was brought up in the vicinity of Bancker-street, and for some months played the tambourine, in those receptacles of vice and misery, the dancing-houses of Corlears Hook. He acknowledges having stolen some few articles, but denies stealing the article for which he was sent here. From the time he was committed until his dis- charge, he conducted in an entire satisfactory manner. In Octo- ber, he was indented to a respectable gentleman residing about sixty miles north of this city. L. S. — Aged about sixteen years, born in Ireland ; his parents emigrated to this country about eight years ago. His father has since died. His education was entirely neglected by his parents, and the choice of his companions left exclusively to himself. He has worked at several mechanical branches of business, to none of which his restless disposition CDuld attach itself. He was commit- ted to the Refuge in March, 1825, from the Police Office, for steal- ing a copper kettle, for which he had been confined in Bridewell eight days, (and where he had been four times before.) The char- acter of a notorious thief cannot with justice be attached to this boy, though he had been a habitual pilferer for several years. Upon his entry into the House, he gave no evidence of a disposi- tion palpably wicked, yet he was a source of much trouble to the superintendent. In mischief, he was almost invariably first ; to the rules and regulations of the House he was perfectly indifferent, and in one instance he absconded. After a few days he was re- turned, severely punished, and put in irons for forty-three days, when his irons were taken off". In December, his improvement was so great, that he was promoted to the situation of night watch and day guard, the duties of which he faithfully performed until July, 1826, when he requested to be sent to sea : his request was complied with, and he was indentured to a highly respectable ship owner of this city. After an absence of three months, he returned to the Refuge on a visit, stated that he was perfectly contented with his situation, and that he had often reflected while at sea, that instead of enjoy- ing the blessings of liberty, he might have now been in State Prison, had it not have been for the establishment of a House of Refuge. D. S, — Aged fifteen years, born in New-York. His father died while he was yet an infant, his mother since married an oysterman, now living in the vicinity of Bancker-street. David has lived with three different persons, who kept oyster-cellars. After leaving them he returned to his mother. He commenced his thefts by stealing wood from about the docks ; has also been in the habit of 94 stealing old junk, copper, &c. He has been three several times committed to Bridewell ; the last time for stealing a copper kettle in company with the foregoing boy : it v/as for this offence that he was committed to the Refuge. He was at first very refractory, constantly plotting how to es- cape, and endeavoring to persuade others to accompany him. He was for some months treated with much strictness : from June, 1825, to February, 1826, his conduct was entirely satisfactory. At this time, an opportunity offering to give him an advantageous sit- uation, it was deemed incompatible with the object of the Institu- tion to detain him longer. He was consequently indented to a gentleman residing in the western part of this state, who, in a letter directed to his mother, two months after the date of his indenture, says he has much reason to be pleased with David's conduct. J. D. S. — Aged eleven and a half years, born in New-York. This child, notwithstanding his extreme youth, has committed many errors. He was first led to the perpetration of crime, by the persuasion of one older than himself, in whose company he stole many articles ; he was once in Bridewell for stealing, and was fre- quently punished by his parents, but to no effect. He was com- mitted here at the solicitation of his father, in April, 1825. He conducted himself with uniform propriety until October, 1826, when he was returned to his parents, for the purpose of indentur- ing to a gentleman v/ho was instrumental in his reformation, and who was well acquainted with his disposition. Here is another instance in Avhich the preservation of a child from ruin may be attributed to the establishment of a House of Refuge. Had this boy's thieving practices been permitted to de- generate into a habit, they doubtless would have procured for him a residence in our State Prison or Penitentiary, where the object is punishment, and not reformation, he must have been thrown in the company of old and hardened offenders, the contaminating influence of whose conversation, would eventuail)" have banished every virtuous and generous sentiment from his tender bosom. What reflecting mind but must admit the utility of such an institu- tion, and what generous soul but would contibute to its support? G. D. — Between sixteen and seventeen years of age, born in New-Yoi'k. He had been sentenced to the Penitentiary for petit larceny for six months, in October, 1824. At the expiration of his sentence, in April, 1825, being sick, and no one appearing to take charge of him, he was sent to the Refuge by the Commission- ers of the Aims-House. His conduct, from the time of his commitment until December ensuing, was uniformly good. He was at this time indentured to a gentleman residing at Poughkeepsie ; and four months subsequent to his departure, we received a letter from his master, giving a very satisfactory account of his behavior. GIRLS. M. S. — Aged sixteen years, was committed by the Police on the day the Institution commenced its operations ; for the first sixteen months of her confinement, she manifested a restless and uneasy disposition, and twice was successful in escaping, but was re- taken. 95 After this, she appeared to reflect upon her former conduct, with regret, and gave evidence of a determination to reform. Having conducted herself well for three or four months, she was indented to a clergyman in the country, from whom the superintendent has since received a letter, in which he states, that he is very much pleased with the girl. M. L. B. — Aged about seventeen and a half years. Some few days previous to her indenture, some one of the committee hap- pened to express a doubt as to the reality of her reformation ; this was communicated to her by a girl who heard it. She said nothing at the time, but quietly commenced her apprenticeship. In a letter subsequently directed to the Superintendent, she manifests a de- gree of exultation in doing well, and in disappointing those who suspected her fidelity. She also expresses much regard and friend- ship for those she left behind, and appears very grateful "for the good advice given her." M. A. C. — Aged seventeen years, born in New- York. Is an or- phan: was committed to the Refuge in January, 1825, at the so- licitation of her aunt, in whose charge she was left by her parents. After having been but three months here, her conduct was such as to gain the entire confidence of the Superintendent, who in one instance permitted her to go off the premises in search of greens: after having been absent about six hours, she returned, and said she had been to see her friends in town ; expressed a regret that she had done so without permission, and said that she did not wish to leave the House until the Managers thought best. From this period, her conduct was very good until April 21st, 1826, when she was indented to a gentleman residing in the central part of the state. Since her indenture, we have received letters from her, ex- pressive of her entire contentment. J. A. B. — Aged between sixteen and seventeen years, born in Philadelphia, father and mother both dead. She was committed in February, 1825, for stealing a few articles of wearing apparel from a person with whom she lived as a domestic. She has lived at many difierent places, and has been in considerable bad company for about one year. After her commitment, she was almost un- manageable. She in one instance escaped, but was shortly after retaken. The frequent application of corporal punishment and solitary confinement, were finally successful. After giving evi- dence of a change of feeling, by conducting herself with uniform propriety for many months, she was indented to a lady living a short distance from the city, who informs us that she wants no better girl. C. W. — Aged fourteen years, born in New- York, of Irish pa- rents, who now keep a fruit shop in this city. This child became a victim to the seductive arts of a villain at the early age oi eleven years. For two and a half years subsequently continued to asso- ciate with lewd and abandoned women, and has twice been in Bridewell for being found in such company. She has also been guilty of stealing many articles. She was brought here in July, 1826, at the request of her father, for leaving his roof, and frequenting houses of ill fame. At first 96 her conduct was such as to give little hope of reformation : ghe would use profane and vulgar language, was disobedient and disres- pectful. She was soon given to understand, that this was not a place in which she could indulge in improprieties with impunity, and was treated as her conduct deserved. - After about two months, the treatment she received produced the desired effect, and she became directly the reverse of what she before was. The Matron now thinks her the best girl in the House, and says that if she offends in the most trivial thing, she is not con- tent until she has asked and obtained forgiveness. Many more cases of both sexes could be selected, but it is pre- sumed that those mentioned will be adequate to convince every judicious person, that the House of Refuge has not been established in vain ; and our subscribers, that they have not contributed their money to a useless purpose. 97 S ® rv--r^° ® O O '^^ P>^C»-! -. -< 1 -! « (to ZSIccoco -— SCBOBOO o p ^ 2. — • ^ 3 o 03 5d (5 OP? »■« - n a _ re "T- Oq P O ci5 te re 7o-g-p o -! c- 2.' o 3 5 ■ ™ o re 3 3 S ^ 2. s- a- re 3. 03 3 Os o tn 3- ^ «- £- ? re re re -1 c re » : E. o: £-.3 o . : =^ s 2. °i^' P^o. >3 2 • "n • CO ^ '- ftF» tn ts «>a >C^ 1—1 JO CO I-' ^ fO CO ti."^ CO en ji. 4i ^ to « ^ OD to 00 »0 QC 01 ^ ^ CD ^^ -t CT2 CO W .fc ^ -o« W C^ h— — ^- ta- CD o> -r i. v fj — rr, -/-; rj^ CT •£ cc ~ ^^ ~~ ^ ~ «-H -1, — ►_. p - p 9 00 m 3 ►- - oc - 1—1 p CO 3 1-" 3 m 10 10 • cc f (o^ CD"^ ro ■ 00 • to M ko 01 ^ to ^ CT 10 >;^ _^ ^^ 1— 1 -^ <— . ^I . ^ .sj k.. CD B ^ ir-re ^ o 2 o 3 o 00 CO CO 5r P f^re lOT, 1^3 §3 5 2 re re M as:* a o O . o (S VI • {« » T3 . T) re p^* , — • 3 =r C o 5 r ^* £. Z Piy re re 3 O' 03 ; ^ 3 £- O' ^ : Z re o Co CD S 10 CO 5! ?r p ? * 13 98 DESCRIPTION OF THE HOUSE OF REFUGE. Thb Houses of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, are situated about two miles north of the City Hall, at the junction of the Har- laem and Bloorningdale roads, on the ground recently occupied by the United States Arsenal. A more convenient or eligible situa- tion could not probably have been selected. The lot of ground, 320 feet by 300, is enclosed by a stone wall 17 feet in height, and more than two feet thick. Within this enclosure, the Society has erected two stone buildings, each 1 50 feet in length by 38 in breadth, and two stories high. One of the houses is appropriated for Boys, the other for Girls, and the two being separated by a high wooden fence, there is no communication between them. The first story of the Boys' Refuge is divided into five rooms, 30 by 34 feet, for Dining Room, Common Hall, Superintendent's Office, and Tailor's and Shoemaker's Shops. Three flights of stairs lead into the second story, which contains a Hospital, 30 by 34 feet, and two rows of Dormitories, each 3| feet by 7, and 6 feet high, for the accommodation of 132 boys with separate rooms, each of which is well ventilated by openings in the rooms and stone wall. Two aisles, 10 feet by 110, are used as School Rooms, and are furnished with desks and benches, suitable for the monitorial plan of instruction. The Garret is one large room, 150 feet by 34, and may be occupied when required as a work-room. The whole building is well lighted and ventilated. The Girls' Refuge is finished in a superior manner to that for the Boys. The first story is divided into four rooms, 30 feet by 34, for a Kitchen, Dining Room, and Work Rooms. The other part of this story is occupied by a neat Parlor and Chamber for the Matron, a Committee Room, and a Laundry. In the south end of the second story is a handsome Chapel, with a gallery, sufficiently large to accommodate 140 boys, 70 girls, and 300 visiters. At the north end is the Hospital, 25 feet by 34, and the intermediate space is occupied by two rows of Dormitories, furnishing 60 rooms for as many girls, which are also ventilated similar to the Boys' rooms. The Garret is 150 feet by 34, and is intended for the stowing of goods and drying of clothes, and may be used as a work-room. A two-story brick building, 40 feet by 30, situated on the south- west corner, is occupied by the Superintendent and his family. Near to this is another brick building, 22 feet by 60, occupied by tlie Superintendent, and by the Assistant Keeper and his family. Adjoining this is a two-story brick Work-House, 40 feet by 80, di- vided into four rooms, each 40 feet square, in Avhich 40 boys are employed in the chair-making business. On the south-east part of the yard, is a one-story wooden build- ing, 60 feel by 14, in which 30 boys are employed in the manufac- turing of brass nails and sadlery, and in filing, &c. — to this is at- tached another wooden building, used as a foundry, &.c. Near to the north wall is a wooden building, 80 feet by 18, used as a Bakery and Store-House, under which are large vaults for provisions, stores, and fuel ; a stable and carriage-house under one roof, and some small out-buildings, complete the establishment. A part of the ground is laid out into kitchen and flower gardens. 99 grass plots, and gravel walks. There are four wells on the prem- ises, of excellent soft water. Adjoining the south wall, tlie Soci- ety occupies an angular piece of ground, containing about one acre, as a pasture. The whole aspect of the establishment is cheerful and comforta- ble, and it has little or none of the appearance of a prison. EXTRACT FROM A REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION. The Sub-Committee to which was assigned the duty of providing the books, furniture, . . , , ,. JOHN MILLER, \ ^^^'^^^^^^"^ Keepers. P. SHERLOCK, Gate Keeper. St^anagers, Stephen Allen, William W. Fox, Hugh Maxwell, Heman Averill, John Griscom, Ralph Olmsted, Arthur Burtis, James W. Gerard, Fred'k Sheldon, C. D. Colden, John E. Hyde, Peter Sharpe, Isaac Collins, Isaac S. Hone, John Stearns, Robert C, Cornell, John T. Irving, Benjamin L. Swan, Samuel Cowdrey, Ansel W, Ives, David Stebbins, Joseph Curtis, James Kent, M. Van Schaick, Cornelius Dubois, James Lovett, Henry I. Wyckoff, Thomas Eddy, William F. Mott, Samuel Wood. Acting Committee. Cornelius Dubois, Arthur Burtis, Robert C. Cornell, Henry I. Wyckoff, Isaac Collins, David Stebbins, William F. Mott, Wm. W. Fox. Ladies' Committee. Mrs. Ann Shipley, Mrs. Ann Warner, " Martha Willis, " D. Embury, " Charlotte Fox, " Maria Hyde, " Sarah Hawxhurst, " Isabella Buloid, " Almy Cornell, " Margaret Prior, " Alice Townsend, •* Maria Colden. " Rebecca M'Comb, *^* Donations to the House of Refuge will be thankfully receiv- ed by the Officers and Managers of the Society. The payment of 50 dollars, or of 10 dollars per annum for six years, constitutes a person a member of the Society for life ; and an annual subscription of 3 dollars, a member so long as it is con- tinued to be paid, A complete list of the Donors and Subscribers to this important Institution, will be published in the next Annual Report. ir" THIRD ANNUAL. REPORT, &c. 1828. Tme Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, in commencing their Third Annual Statement, cannot but congratulate the Soci- ety, on the prosperous condition of its Institution, and the beneficial results which evidently flow from its operations. The actual condition and results of the House of Refuge have become so far the objects of public in- quiry and minute examination, as to have furnished the means of a more exact appreciation of its value as an establishment of charity, and a moral instrument in the community, than can be said of almost any other of the benevolent institutions of our state. The principles on which it is founded, and the nature of the evils which it is intended to remedy, have been commented upon by some of the ablest jurists of our country; and it appears to be conformable to the most correct views of human nature, and to the sound- est principles of legal justice, that in the infliction of punishment for offences against society, there ought to be a marked distinction between juvenile and adult offenders; — that the treatment of each class, in order to be the most effectual, ought to be distinguished bjr those discriminations which are so clearly indicated by the natural and acquired propensities of the guilty in these different periods of human life; — and that, with respect to the greater numberof youthful offend- ers, — those whose offences are so intimately connected with the abandoned situation to which they have been exposed, it would be a wide and grievous departure from moral justice to condemn them to a life of suffer- ing, for crimes that might have been prevented with less expenditure to the community than that which must unavoidably be incurred in the infliction of the penalty. The practical recognition of these principles, in 15 lU the establishment of a juvenile penitentiary, together with a knowledge of the immense degradation of cha- racter which has ensued from the mixture of young and old convicts, in the prisons of this and other states, was the leading motive in the formation of this Soci- ety ; and the Managers do not fear to assert, that the call upon their fellow-citizens and the legislature for support in this undertaking, has been justified to the fullest extent in the progress and present state of the House of Refuge. The advantages, abstractly considered, of an insti- tution of this nature, have been so fully developed in the former Reports of the Society, that it is deemed unnecessary to insist further upon them. It is not among the least of the gratifications of the Society, that its efforts have gained the attention of the Legis- lature, and so far received the sanction of the highest authorities of the state, as to justify the belief, that a juvenile penitentiary will hereafter be regarded as an integral part of those institutions, which, from a due consideration of public safety and benefit, have a per- manent claim to its protection and support. The source from which its support has hitherto been chiefly derived, under the authority of law, has proved to be fully adequate to the several objects to which that fund is destined. This fund, it is well known, accumulates, mainly, from the payment of a small sum by each of the emigrants who arrive in this state from other quarters of the globe. Provision is first made for the ample maintenance of the Marine Hospital on Staten Island: — and few persons there are, it may be presumed, who will assert, that a more reasonable and fit appropriation of the surplus could be made, than to the reformation of juvenile delin- quents, a large proportion of whom are the offspring of these very emigrants. The children of seamen are also as likely to partake of the benefits of the Refuge, as those of any other class; and the pursuits of sea- manship under judicious captains, are considered by the Managers to be a fit destination for those of the inmates who incline thereto; and it will be seen by the reports that a considerable number have been thus apprenticed. 115 There have been, within the last year, ninety "boys apprenticed by the Managers, and thirty-five girls. About thirty of the boys have been sent to sea, prin- cipally on whaling voyages from Nantucket and New- Bedford, as apprentices to captains or owners, in whose caie and guardianship the Managers have reason to confide. The others have all (with one pe- culiar exception) been placed in situations more or less remote from this city, under circumstances favor- able to the formation of virtuous habits, and to an en- tire change of old associations. The masters to whom they are bound, covenant with the Society for giving them a suitable share of school learning, and for their due instruction in the art or trade in which they are engaged. In a few cases, the children who have been thus apprenticed, have, after a trial of their new homes, returned to the Refuge, disappointed in the opportu- nities of improvement which were afforded them, or dissatisfied with the treatment they received. The cases appear to have been very few in which the mas- ter has been glad to relinquish his bargain from the continuance of depraved habits in the apprentice ; but on the other hand, the Managers have been much gratified in the information received from various quarters, of the good conduct of those who have been thus disposed of, and of the mutual satisfaction of master and apprentice. As this is a point of vital im- portance, and the intelligence thus obtained affords an unquestionable evidence of the tendencies of the House of Refuge, it will not be deemed improper to introduce in this place, extracts from several letters from persons who have taken apprentices from our establishment. LETTERS. A. S*****, Noveviber 7, 1827. Dear Sir, — I received your letter, dated September, inclosing an address to G . I am much pleased to find that the Mana- gers of the Society feel such a decj) interest lor the liappiness, and are so solicitous for the improvement of the morals and habits of the children from under their care. G. was much pleased with the address seut him by his friends, containing instructioos and ^ 116 tioe* so encouraging. He keeps it as a treasure, and often reads it, as though he intended to adhere to the instructions of his much respected friends. I shall comply with your request in as brief and plain a manner as possible. I am happy to say that G 's conduct has been praiseworthy since he left the House of Refuge. If he continues as faithful as he has been, I think he will do honor to the Institu- tion : he is a very industrious, obedient, and trusty boy ; I have never found him to be guilty of telling an untruth, or make use of any bad language, but he reads his bible, attends public worship, and always speaks well of the House of Refuge. His improve- ment in learning has not been as great as I should wish, but I am in hopes he will improve faster with longer experience. He seems to be seriously inclined, and we endeavor to impress his mind with the necessity of religion. I remain yours, &c. B. B . B. G?*^***, February 28, 1827. Dear Sir, — Yours of the 3d of January I have just received, in ■which you want to know how my boy (J. H. S ) behaves ; — he has spent the winter at school — his conduct as yet has met my entire approbation. You will communicate this information to Mr. Hart, if he has not received a previous letter which I have sent to liim and you. I remain yours, &c. W. B. S. C. iV*****, Octoher 19, 1827. Dear Sir, — I received your letter on the 17th of this month, stating that you would esteem it a favor to have a detail of R 's conduct. With pleasure I write a few lines to inform you that R. has conducted very well ; he has been very attentive to his busi- ness, and learns as fast as I can expect. He has made but very few acquaintances since he has been with me in this place, and ap- pears to be very well contented, and has no disposition to run about the town in the evening as many boys do. He assists me in keeping my books, and I leave him the charge of my business when I am absent. On the whole, I have found him honest and industrious. Yours, with respect, E. C. B. D. IF*****, Turnhull County, Ohio, September 17, 1827. Dear Sir, — It affords me much pleasure to repoi't to you the general good conduct and behavior, since his residence with me, of A. v., the young lad I took from the House of Refuge in your city, about twelve months since. I have discovered in him no vicious habits ; he is faithful, honest, end industrious ; though not very active or intelligent, always Avill- ing and obedient, even-tempered, and contented : had he more Bprightliness and activity, he would be a most valuable boy. I * A printed Letter of Advice from the Managers is given to each child on leav- ing the Refuge, 117 should be, however, loath to part Avith him for the chance of ob- taining a better. Many of my friends in the vicinity are desirous of procuring Jads from your institution, who cannot conveniently personally ap- ply for them ; could arrangements be made without their personal attendance, several persons of very respectable standing in this place would like to obtain them. Your institution I consider of the first order amongst the nu- merous benevolent and humane associations of the present day to benefit mankind, and as such entitled to public and individual pat- ronage. Enclosed I send you five dollars, accompanied with my hearty wishes that success and prosperity may attend the laudable exertions of yourself and associates to reclaim the youth of our country from the paths of vice. Very respectfully, I am, Sir, your Obedient Servant, JL. 1\.> E. Y****town, Ohio, Novemher 18, 1827. Dear Sir, — Your letter of September, I did not receive until yesterday. By some means it has been mailed at Cleveland, Ohio, which I presume occasioned the delay. In answer to your letter, I am happy to state to you, that M V , whom I took from the House of Refuge in the month of October, 1826, has behaved himself as well as any boy I ever saw. I have had him at school ever since I brought him home. He is the most attentive boy to his learning I ever saAv, and his instructer informs me that he is the most attentive scholar he has in his school. I am also pleased to state to you that the impressions he has received from your excellent institution, I have no doubt, have been the means of reclaiming the youth M V . My intention is, if he remains as attentive to his learning as he has done, to make a scholar of him. Accept of my best wishes for the success of your excellent insti- tution. I remain yours, respectfully, W. R. P. S, — M • will write to you before your next Report. I shall be pleased to hear of the success of your institution occa- sionally. AA. r*******, February 27, 1827. Respected Friend, — After a full trial of the indented little girl, (C D ,) which I procured through your means from the House of Refuge, we have great reason to be highly pleased with her. As she was in the House of Refuge, so she is beloved by the whole family. She is useful and attentive in all the kinds of busi- ness in Avhich we have employed her. I have no doubt, that with ordinary care, and the blessing of God, she will grow up in favor of God and man. The great interest which you take in this interesting institution, is fully deserved by its undoubted utility. That Providence may long continue you in your successful career of practical benevo- lence, is the sincere prayer of your friend, C. D. W. 118 BB. H*******, (Conn.) October 27, 1827. Mr. Hart, Sir, — In compliance with the request contained in youf circular, that I should give you an account of the character and' conduct of E M. M , a girl whom Ave received from the House of Refuge in March last, I address to you the following lines. In answer to your queries, I am happy to inform you, that she is a girl of good disposition, and that her conduct and deport- ment have been such as to meet our approbation. She is a very good domestic, faithful and industrious, and she performs expedi- tiously and correctly, the various duties which are entrusted to her. She goes to church every Sabbath, freq uently reads aloud in the Bible, and receives moral advice and instruction from myself and from Mrs. P., which we hope has been beneficial to her. I should have written to you sooner, but my health is very poor, and I am not able, nor have I had an opportunity of writing before. Yours, respectfully, For W. P., W. E. W. CC. P***********, Octoher 18, 1827. Sir, — In compliance with your request, and my promise made last spring, I proceed to give you an account of the deportment of E B . I should have written before, but thought best to delay until a sufficient time had elapsed to test her character ; and it affords me much pleasure to say, that after six months' trial, 1 can bear testimony to the correctness of her conduct. The funda- mental rules of the institution over Avhich you preside, appear to be indelibly impressed on her mind. I have never discovered any deviation from the truth in her, and as to the work allotted to her, she performs it as well as a child of her years can be expected to do, and expresses her gratitude to the Managers and Officers of the House of Refuge, for their interference in her behalf, and being in- strumental in rescuing her from a vicious course, and restoring her to a virtuous and correct line of behavior. She does now, and I trust, by the blessing of God, will continue to do credit to that best of charities, the House of Refuge, It must be a source of much gratification to the Managers and Officers of the Refuge, to find that in many cases their benevolent efforts have been crowned with success, in rescuing delinquents from the abyss of vice, and restoring them to the paths of virtue. "Wishing every prosperity to the Institution, and temporal and eter- nal happiness to all connected Avith this invaluable establishment, I remain. Sir, your Obedient Servant, J. V. B. V. As an exemplification of the characters of the youth who are the subjects of the Refuge, including those respecting whom the foregoing Letters were written, the following selection is made from the books of the Buperintendent, 119 SEIiECTIOM OF CASES. BOYS. G. W. B. — This boy was sentenced here from the Sessions, for being connected with that gang of youthful depredators, who crea- ted 60 much public excitement by store-breaking in the latter part of last fall. He was put to work in the Cliair department, where his industrious and quiet disposition soon gave the Superintendent reason to believe that he had rather been a victim to bad example than to any intrinsic vicious propensity. After continuing in the House eight months, and exemplifying his determination to do as well as he knew hoAV, he was indented to a respectable mechanic in West Chester County, whose account of him is given in the pre- ening letters. (A.) M. M. — Aged about fourteen years, was born in Ireland, emigra- ted to this country at the age of eight years ; soon after which his father died, leaving his mother in very indigent circumstances. The boy shortly after became a subject of the Aims-House, from which institution he was indented to a painter in the country, who discharged him on account of his not being sufficiently strong, and gave him a letter to Mr. Burtis, stating the reason why he had sent him back. M. instead of returning, destroyed the letter and ran away. Having no hom.e, he in a short time commenced stealing, and pursued it for more than three years uninterruptedly. His thefts were principally confined to old rope, copper, and lead; but after a while he joined the gang of store-breakers referred to in the foregoing case, and was connected with them in entering twenty-six stores. They were all arrested excepting M. He was apprehen- ded in the course of three months for steaUng two dollars, and sent here at the recommendation of tlie Grand Jury. From the information the Superintendent had previously receiv- ed of his character, he anticipated mucli trouble from him, and in taking his examination he explained to him the object of the insti- tution, and told him that if his conduct merited it, all his former crimes should be forgotten, and he should be treated kindly; but on the contrary should his conduct be vicious and immoral, he might depend that it should meet with prompt punishment. This lesson was evidently listened to with attention. He went to work indus- triously and cheerfully, and continued to merit the approbatory smiles of the Superintendent as long as he continued in the House, In August last, he was indented to agentlcmanin Connecticut, who subsequently informs us that M. is a sterling good boy ; that he is the quickest boy in the neighborhood at doing an errand, and that he is perfectly satisfied with his situation. J. H. S. — Aged about sixteen years, was sent to the Refuge in March, 1826, from the Tcnitcntiary, to which place he had been committed some i'ew months previous for vagrancy. His conduct was entirely void of every thing of a flagitious or immoral nature ; he was industrious while at work, and in his })rivate deportment quiet, peaceable, and inoftcnsive. In nine months after his admis- sion he was indented to an opulent farmer in Orange County, who after the lapse of a suflicicnt length of time fully to test his conduct, writes to the Superintendent that "John has spent the winter at 120 school, and that his conduct had met his entire approbation." (See letter B.) R. T. C. — Aged seventeen years, born in New- York, of very re- spectable parents. At the age of thirteen years his father put him with a merchant in the country, where he unfortunately contracted a habit of pilfering from his employer ; after continuing for one year, he returned to this city, and was engaged as a clerk in a res- pectable dry-goods store, in Pearl-street. Wliile there he stole about sixty dollars at different times, in sums of five dollars each, in a few months ; he was suspected and discharged. His father then sent him on a voyage to Germany ; he was absent five months, returned and resuming his old practices of stealing, he was put into 53ridewell by his brother-in-law, for stealing a merino shawl and sundry jewels from his wife. He was tried at the Sessions, plefd guilty, and was sentenced to t'ie Refuge. After being in the House some few months, he was promoted to the class of honor, which station he soon forfeited by a misde- meanor. A short time after this, he attempted to escape, but was arrested and punished. From this period his conduct became ex- emplary, and he seemed determined to obliterate the remembrance of his past misconduct, by his future good behavior, and ia which he was entirely successful. In July, 1827, he was bound an apprentice to a mechanic, in Kew-Jersey, whose account of him, after a few months trial, is given in letter C. A. V. — Aged about 14, born in New- York, was a friendless or- phan, entirely destitute of a home, and gave himself up as a vagrant, 4ind at length desired to be sent to the House of Refuge. Upon questioning him as to the manner in which he had spent his past life, it was ascertained that his parents when living were poor and incapable of providing for their children ; that he had worked alter- nately with tobacconists and boatmen ; he had never stolen any ■article of consequence, but had commenced pilfering about the anarkets, whence we may infer that he would too soon have become an adept. While in the House he appeared at all times entirely cheerful and happy. In October, 1826, he was bound to a gentleman, in the State of Ohio, who, after a year's trial of his character, speaks of him in encouraging terms. (See Let. D.) B. W. R. — Committed from the Police in November 1826. His •father was a Counsellor at Law, and unfortunate in his circumstan- •ces. B. was sent to school at an early age, and continued two or -three years, after which, he accompanied his uncle on a voyage round Cape Horn, and was absent about eighteen months. When lie returned, he became connected with some vicious boys, and ■commenced the practice of stealing. From his grandmother he stole money, in small sums, a number of books, handkerchiefs, &c. From the yards of several people, residing contiguous to his grand- mother's house, he stole frequently chickens and clothes. He was finally detected, in stealing cakes from a store in the Bowery, and sentenced to the Refuge. After conducting himself, with uniform propriety, for half a year, he was indentured to a gentleman, in the State of Connecticut. 121 The reformatory influence of this establishment upon his mincl, the following anecdote may serve to illustrate. B. on his passage in the steam-boat, up the East River, found a watch, in one of the private rooms of the boat, belonging to a passenger ; he immedi- ately sought the captain, and delivered it to him, and was solicitous that the owner might be found. The gentleman, to whom the watch belonged, struck with the honesty of the act, was led to in- quire his name and residence. Tliis gave rise to a very interes- ting dialogue, in which B. evinced a degree of exultation, in having been an inmate of the Refuge, and in realizing the benevolent mo- tives which led to its establishment. GIRLS. C. D. — Aged about nine years, committed in April, 1826. Thiai little girl was a very singular case of youthful female depravity. She had been in Bridewell, before she became an inmate of the Re- fuge, for stealing, and had been in the practice of pilfering, frona her earliest childhood. After having been confined for one month in the Refuge, she was returned to her parents, by order of the Act- ing Committee, in order to remove some private unhappiness, be- tween her father and mother. Three months afterwards, she was found by the Superintendent in Bridewell, where she had been put for stealing, and returned to the Refuge. — She acknowledged that soon after her discharge, she ran away from her father's house and oflercd her services ts a wo- man at Powles Hook; she continued with her three weeks, stole five dollars, absconded, and returned to the city. She enumerated a variety of articles that she had stolen, with as much simplicity and apparent innocence, as if she was unconscious that she had done wrong. After her return, it was frequently necessary to punish her for falsehoods, and such was her general misconduct, it was almost feared that she was incorrigibly vicious. She continued in this course for many months, without manifesting any evidence of a re- formation; but some time in September, 1826, she appeared to be a subject of religious excitement, and from this period became a new girl ; instead of an untractable and almost unmanageable dis- position, she evinced an agreeable, cheerful, obedient state of mind, which endeared her to all who saw her. In January, 1827, she was indentured to a reverend gentleman, residing in the central part of this state, who after the lapse of a few months, in a letter addressed to one of the managers, speaks of her in flattering terms. (See letter A. A.) S. I. F. — Aged about seventeen, committed in November, 1826. This girl was the daughter of pious and respectable parents, resid- ing in the central part of this state. She was persuaded to come to this city to learn the mantuamaking business, by a female, who, after she liad arrived here, introduced her to a house of ill fame, where her inexperienced youtli was soon persuaded to relinquish her greatest treasure, for the glittering vanities offered her. She was kept by a young man, who indulged her in every thing she wished for, but he soon died and left S friendless. Soon ofter this, she was taken by Mr. Hays, and sent to the Refuge. 18 122 i She ecknowledged that she never experienced a moment's hapf- piness, while living in the haunts of vice, and, that the parting ad- ■ vice of her kind mother was constantly in her mind. Her conduct in the house was at all times good; in conversation she frequently spoke of her lost reputation, with the most poignant anguish and apparent heart-felt contrition. "When her time of confinement had nearly expired, she earnestly solicited that a place of service might be procured for her, in the country, where she would be out of the reach of the persuasions of her former associates, and where by her future good conduct, she might create the forgiveness of the past. Her request was com- plied with, and she voluntarily consented to bind herself, for a pe- riod of one year over the general time, in order to secure the situa- tion. Some few months after her indenture, we received from her mas- ter, a very flattering account of her conduct; he states that she is a good and industrious girl, and that he in much pleased with her. E. M. M. — Aged fifteen years, committed by the Commissioners of the Alms House, for vagrancy. Her mother kept one of the brothels of Corlaers Hook, and E resided w^ith her. With such examples and associates, it was not to be expected that she Vould be free from error — she was daily in the practice of running the streets, and associating with women of the most abandoned character. Her mother's house was indicted, and she and her daughter were put in Bridewell, from which place, E was sent to the Refuge. Her conduct, when she first came into the Plouse, was such as was anticipated ; she was wild and indolent, and gave the matron much trouble; she was frequently reprimanded, and in one or two instances punished. After a while, however, the discipline of the House was productive of the desired effect^ and E became a very good girl. For the last six months of her residence here, she never gave the matron occasion to find fault with her, but was al- ways quiet and industrious. In Alarch last she was bound to a gentleman of Connecticut, who, in the ensuing September, furnished the statement contained ia letter BB. E. B. — Aged about thirteen years, bom in Liverpool, (Eng.) The predominant proi)ensity of this girl was a restless disposition ; she repeatedly absconded from her father's house, but was as often found and taken liomc. In one instance she ran away, and was taken up and put in the Alms House, from which place she v/as bound out on Staten Island, where her father found her and took her home; in a few weeks afterwards, she stole some articles from her father, and again ran away, she was then taken, and a second time became a subject of the Alms House, from which place she was sent here. After being in the House nearly two years, she was indentured to a gentleman residing in Dutchess County. (See Letter CC.) S. A. M'C. — Aged about sixteen years. — At the age of twelve years, she was put, by her father, to live with a woman, Avho kept a sailor boarding-house; her association in this place naturally 123 tended to the corruption of her morals, and after continuing three years, she quit, and became a prostitute. She had been living, in this abandoned course, six months, when she was arrested by the watchman, for being very noisy in the streets, taken to the Police, and from thence sent here. Upon her entry into the Refuge, she appeared entirely callous to every principle of shame or morality; but the rigid enforcement of the discipline of the House were productive of a happy influence, in correcting her vicious propensities, and it is hoped in effecting her entire reformation. In May, 1826, she was indentured to a gentleman in West Ches- ter County, who after sixteen month's trial irfTorms us that S is a very good girl, and a faithful and industrious domestic. Numerous otiier cases of an analagous nature might be related, but it is believed that those already quoted will be sufficient to sat- isfy the public. STATEMENT Of numbers admitted, destination, 6fC. The whole number of subjects received into the House, from the commencement of its operations to the present time is 377, viz: — Boys 270 Girls 107 877 They have been committed by the following authorities, viz: — From the Court of Sessions 42 U. S. Court 1 Ballstown Saratoga Sessions - - - 1 Albany Sessions ... - - 8 Schoharie Sessions - - - - 1 — Troy Sessions . - . - . 3 Washington Co, Oyer and Terminer - 1 • Newburgh Sessions . . - - 2 Police of this City 122 Commissioners of N. Y. Alms House • Bridewell . . . . . 196 — 377 Of the above number, one hundred and forty-nine are the chil- dren of foreigners, and the remaining two hundred and twenty- eight were born in the city and in various parts of the adjacent states. — They have been disposed of as follows : — BOYS. Indentured -------- Sent to the Aims-House, - - - - - Returned to friends ...--. Deceased -------- OfAge -.-•--.- Permanent Escapes .-..-- Now in the House 124 GIRLS. Indentured • Of Age Sent to the Aims-House Returned to friends Permanent Escape In the House 60 8 8 2 1 38 -107 -377 Of the 118 boys Indentured, 28 were included in last Report. 4 sent to Alms H. 2 do. do. do. 14 ret'd to friends, 11 do. do. do. 5 perm't escapes, 3 do. do. do! Of the 50 girls indentured, 15 were named last year. 8 of age, 3 do. do. do. 8 senttoAlmsH.4 do. do. do. Of the whole number, 109 never have been in Bridewell, 225 have been there from 1 to 7 times, 43 have been in Penitentiary from 1 to 3 times. The boys have been apprenticed, as follows, viz :— Farmers, 1 4 3 3 14 1 1 2 1 8 in Putnam County, N. York Queens Saratoga Delaware Ulster Dutchess Livingston do. Genessee do. Steuben do. Oneida do. do. do. do. do. do. do. do, do. do. do. do. do. do. do. 7 in West Chester Co. N. York. Sullivan Orange Greene Clinton Somerset do. do. do. do. do. State of Connecticut, State of New- Jersey, State of Ohio. do. do. do. do. do. 2 Assistants, in an Oil and Candle Store, in Nantucket, Mass. 2 Chair Makers, m Syracuse, Onondago Co. New- York. Paper Makers, in New Prospect, New-Jersey. Potter, in Norwalk, Connecticut. Weaver, in Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co. New- York, ' Cabinet Maker, in West Chester Co. New- York. Printers, 1 in West Chester Co. and 1 in Suffolk Co. (L. I ) Shoe Makers, 1 in Stamford, and 1 in Fairfield, Con Tanners and Curriers, 1 in Orange Co. and 1 in Somerset Co. New-York. Tin Smith, in Newark, New-Jersey. Hatter, in West Chester Co. New-York. Provision Dealer, in the city of New-York. Blacksmiths, 1 in West Chester Co. 2 in Nantucket, and I In Dutchess Co. 35 Seamen, 5 for European voyages, 30 for the Nantucket Whale Fishery, m the Pacific Ocean, and on long voyages. 125 The girls have all been indented, as domestic servants, in the following places : — 2in Delaware Co. N. York. 10 Dutchess do. do. 2 Wayne do. do. 4 Steuben do. do. 1 Courtlandt do. do. 4 Rensselaer do. do. 9 West Chester do. do. 1 Sullivan do. do. 1 in Ontario Co. N, York. 6 Ulster do. do. 1 Jefferson do. do. 4 Sussex do. do. 3 State of Connecticut. 1 State of New- Jersey. 1 State of Ohio. Note. — It is an invariable rule, that no child is indented, except by his own consent. From the foregoing statement, it will be perceived, that while the labors of the Society in the support and management of the House of Refuge, are affording a local convenience to the city of New- York, it is at the same time acquiring the character of more general usefulness in becoming the receptacle of youthful con- victs from other parts of the state. In proportion as its benefits are thus perceived by the courts and mag- istrates of interior counties, the necessity will arise of more extended accommodations than the present limits can supply. The house for boys has been for some time past, nearly full; and some restriction is of necessity placed on the number and character of those who are now admissible from our city authorities. Whatever may be thought by those who indulge in cold and abstract speculation on the relative amount of good which this or any other benevolent institution may produce upon the great mass of our population, there cannot, as the Managers fully believe, be a doubt remaining in the mind of a sound political economist, ofthe meliorating, protecting, and reformatory influ- ence of such an establishment as the House of Refuge. Its positive effects on those who partake of its coer- cions, its persuasions, and instructions, and the terror which is inspired by a knowledge of its incarcerations and its penalties, all tend to increase in the minds of our youth, a sense ofthe magnitude of crime, and to diffuse throughout the neglected and misguided por- tion of our juvenile community a better feeling in rela- tion to their social and moral duties. This effect is already obvious to the magistrates, attornies, and of- ficers whose duty it is to arraign such young criminals 126 at the bar of justice. Nor ought we to omit, in the enumeration of its benefits, the important fact that it strengthens the too feeble hands of parents, (many of whom are widows,) over their ungracious and disobe- dient children, furnishing them with a final resource altogether new, and almost altogether exempt from the insuperable objection which lies against the com- mitment of young people to the common prisons. The Managers are induced, from these considera- tions, to turn the attention of the Society and the pub- lic to the means of enlarging the sphere of their ope- rations. One hundred and forty boys are all that the present buildings can accommodate. Two hundred and seventy is the whole number upon which the in- stitution has been in operation. If within these nar- row limitations, advantages so decisive have resulted to this populous city, and to the adjacent counties, as the letters and other cases contained in this Report clearly prove, what might not be expected from an adequate extension of such a salutary system of juve- nile reform ? That it would eventually diminish the increasing number of those adult convicts who crowd the cells of the state prisons, and whose established career of vice is generally found to have been con- nected with, and preceded by, a youth of neglect and abandonment, is nearly as certain as that eflects pro- ceed from established causes in the moral as well as in the physical world. Buildings adapted to at least double the number of male Delinquents, may on these accounts become de- sirable. Nor are we so enthusiastic as to suppose, that, with a population so rapidly augmenting, congre- gated from so many parts of the world, and comprising 60 great a variety of character, and amidst so many sources of temptation to criminality, the utmost exer- tions of the benevolent by this and all other modes, will be able to exterminate vice, or remove the neces- sity of penal inflictions. [t seems obvious to the Managers, that while the New-York Refuge is thus interposing its shield against the devastations of crime within the limits of this me- tropolis, it ought to be the timely concern of magis- trates and other enlightened citizens in the interior 127 districts of the state, to devise the means of erecting- a similar institution, in some one of the most populous or central places within their confines. We shall do no more than make this suggestion, indulging the hope that it will in due time meet the views of those who are competent to estimate its importance, and to give it all the elFiciency which it may deserve. The following is an account of the manual opera- tions in the shops of the Refuge during the past year. STATEMENT OF MANUFACTURES, Done on the Premises^ from Januauj Ist, 1827, to Jan. 1st, 1828. IN THE SHOE DEPAUTMENX, 1214 pair of Pumps liave been completed. 43il " Pump Ui)pcrs closed. 39 " Bouts completed. 4262 " Boot Legs crimped and closed. 1556 " Brogans and Shoes closed. IN THE CHAIR SHOP. 0834 Cane Seats for Plain PVames. 864 " " for Maple Frames. 330 " " and Backs for large Arm Chairs. 132 " Settee Bottoms, caned. IN THE BRASS NAIL SHOP. 14976 M. Brass Nails. 7;J2 pair Wheelbands, 228 doz. Bits, 780 Spanish Gig Steps, 2196 pair Stirrups, 108 llames. 396 " Holster Tips, 408 Gig Handles, 104436 feet of Moulding, 396 Cavessons, 660 gross Ornaments, 1200 Ferrets. 156 " Buckles, IN THE DOMESTIC SHOE-SHOP. 394 pair of new Shoes for the subjects, besides mending. IN THE tailor's SHOP. 350 pair Canvass Pantaloons, for summer. 175 Round .Jackets of Satinett, for winter. l7o pair Pantaloons, " " Besides all the requisite mending for 135 or 140 subjects. In addition to the above, it may be observed, that much has been done by the boys in improving the walks, garden, and grounds within the walls. The work assigned them is in general performed with great alacrity, and some of them have acquired no in- considerable dexterity in the trades in which they are employed. But valuable as is the labor performed in the work shops, both in a moral and physical point of view, it 128 will be perceived by the Society, that this labor can- not be relied upon as a source of profit, to so great an extent as might at first be anticipated fi-om the evi- dence of industry which the shops exhibit. Nearly as soon as the boys acquire a dexterity at their trades which renders their labor increasingly valuable, they are sent into the country, and inexperienced hands succeed to their places. On this account, it has been found impracticable to obtain for them steady employ- ment, at higher wages than an average of twelve and a half cents per day, of eight hours each ; the remain- der of the twelve hours being devoted to their school exercises. A few of them are also too small to be considered as entitled to any reward. From the work of the females, no other profit is obtained than that which is saved by the performance of domestic duties. Their number, since the increase of the boys to their present amount, has been only sufficient to accom- plish the varied routine of cooking, cleaning, making of garments, and other work, incident to so large a family. But although it is desirable to direct the employ- ment of the youth so as to render it an important item in the pecuniary concerns of the institution, it is not, Bnd cannot be the main object of the Refuge, to cause those juvenile offenders to support themselves. To inflict upon them a suitable punishment for their of- fences, and to effect that moral reformation which will restore them to the world, enlightened and regenera- ted, are the great objects of this Society, Accom- plish this, and we hold it to be a demonstrable truth, that, whatever the cost of such an institution within the bounds of practicable economy, it cannot but prove in its ultimate effects, an essential advantage to the finances of the state. The School, we believe to be in a prosperous con- -» OT O iS ex h3 »- CS O C5 CD _^^___» •<{ to c a C O I — c Q O 5^0 5"^ 3 ►- 3 €0 ^ W Co o oo 'Is';! P CU" P M«'*^S.^ >-r •"• ^ (T; ^ ^ ZL O £ o 5 S- 2.3 5 02 o c o C: jri »5 2.^3 :? 3" o < CD 3 S CD 3" i^ N O CD CD ^ O 3 CB 3-S,o' CD h^B P ^ -> O o o «i-< 3 2 • ©• Co So S^ w a C> ^ S Si.. ;> ^ O S 1% <^ ^ Su <^». ^ ■fXH =e>9 ^ Oi o 03 10 o piyoidans and Surseon*. ANSEL W. IVES, M. D. \ J^f^ystcians ana surgeons. House of Refuge. NATHANIEL C. HART, Superintendent. HENRY MILLER, Assistant Superintendent. CATHARINE GOWEY, Matron. MARY WEAVER, Assistant Matron. J. M'CONNELL, Teacher. P. SHERLOCK, Gate Keeper. J. BIRMINGHAM, Cartman. Indenturing Committee. WILLIAM F. MOTT, HEM AN AVERILL, BENJAMIN L, SWAN. I^anagers. Stephen Allen, William W. Fox, Hugh Maxwell, Heman Averill, John Griscom, Ralph Olmsted, Arthur Burtis, James W. Gerard, Fred'k Sheldon, C. D. Colden, John E. Hyde, Peter Sharpe, Isaac Collins, Isaac S. Hone, John Stearns, Robert C. Cornell, John Hunter, Benjamin L. Swan, Samuel Cowdrev, John T. Irving, David Stebbins, Joseph Curtis, Ansel W. Ives, M. Van Schaick, Cornelius Dubois, James Lovett, Henry I. Wyckoff, Thomas Eddy, Willia3i F. Mott, Samuel Wood. Ladies* Committee. MRS. ISABELLA BULOID, First Directress. " SARAH HAWXHURST, Second Directress. " CHARLOTTE FOX, Treasurer. " MARIA HYDE, Secretary. Mrs. Martha Willis, Mrs. D. Embury, " Almy Cornell, " Margaret Prior, " Alice Townsend, " Maria Colden, " Rebecca M'Comb, " Anna Mott. " Ann Warner, *** Donations to the House of Refuge will be thankfully receiv- ed by the Officers and Managers of the Society. The payment of 50 dollars, or of 10 dollars per annum for six years, constitutes a person a member of the Society for life ; and an annual subscription of 3 dollars, a member so long as it is con- tinued to be paid. FOURTH ANNUAL- REPORT, &c. 1829. — -^o© — With another anniversary, the duty of the Mana- gers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents to present a Report, for the information of the members of the Institution and of the public, recurs. This is a task which it must always be a gratification to perform, as long as the Managers are able to state, as they can now do, that the establish- ment continues to realise the most sanguine expecta- tions of its friends and advocates. After the Institution has been in operation several years, and its objects, its principles, and its system have been so often developed in former annual re- ports, it might be unnecessary to discuss, at this time, at any length, its policy, its humanity, and its justice. It would be necessary, on this occasion, to do no more than to make known the proceedings of the Society for the last year, and the results of the efforts of the Managers to accomplish the designs of the establish- ment; but as the unexpected state of the funds, and the resources of the Society, will oblige them again to apply to the legislature for more certain means of support, it is thought that it will be proper in this report, to present some general views of the merits of the Institution. It must be satisfactory to those with whom this charity originated, and to those by whose exertions it has been, and is supported, to find that it is not only approved at home, but that it has attracted the atten- tion of those in other countries, whose minds are bent on the amelioration of the condition of mankind. If it were possible that any feelings but those of pure benevolence could mix with the consideration of this subject, we might feel a pride in the reflection, that our young country which has so lately assumed the rank of an independent nation, was the first to adopt with any efficacy, the penitentiary system of prison 148 discipline, and the first to attempt to prevent the com' mission of crimes, by seeking out the youthful and un- protected, who were in the way of temptation, and by religious and moral instruction, by imparting to them useful knowledge, and by giving them industrious and orderly habits, rescuing them from vice, and render- ing them valuable members of society. Several of our neighboring states are profiting by our example, and we cannot but hope that our success in this new system of wise and charitable regulation, will induce a more extensive adoption of it in our own state. Though by a recent law, the establishment is opened for the reception of Juvenile Delinquents from every county in the state, yet owing to this provision not being sufficiently known, or possibly, owing to objec- tions which there are to transporting young offend- ers for petty crimes, to a distance from their homes, there have been but few subjects in the House of Refuge sent from elsewhere than the city and county of New-York. If the happy effects of this establish- ment, on the community where its influence is imme- diately felt, were better and more generally known and considered, it could not fail to insure the adoption of similar institutions in other districts of our state. Previously to the establishment of the House of Refuge, there were more than five hundred young persons annually committed, in the city of New-York, either as criminals or vagrants; now the officers of justice do not find half that number, of these descrip- tions ; so that the effects of the institution are not only felt by those who are committed to its care, but the community at large feels its benign influence in the diminution of crime, its operation, in this respect, is not only in the present time, but future generations will be rendered more pure and virtuous, by the re- formation of the depraved youths of the present race, who, if they were left to their ordinary course, would have been matured in vice. The laws which provide for the punishment of aged criminals, are not more important than those which regard Juvenile Delin- quents. If the young can be rendered virtuous, there will be comparatively but few crimes, for how 149 seldom does it happen that a person in advanced life is criminal, who was not vicious when he was young? If there could, at this time, be a question as to the humanity and justice of the institution, the condition of the objects of its care, previously to and after they are received into the House of Refuge, might be ex- hibited, in a manner that would appeal to the most obdurate feelings. Very generally, the children who are committed to this asylum are orphans, or if not, they are so neglected, or misled by their parents, as to be in a worse condition than if they had none — deserted and in poverty, often in absolute want, and without a roof under which they can claim shelter; not only without religious or moral instruction, but in many instances taught to be vicious by precept as well as by example, these unfortunate children are found oflending against the laws. Frequently the younger persons who are received in the House of Refuge are so totally devoid of moral instruction, that they evince an entire Avant of a knowledge of right and wrong. It has happened that when one has been questioned as to his former course of life, and asked how he obtained means of subsistence, he has answered, by begging and stealing, with apparently, as little consciousness that he was making a disgrace- ful confession, as if he had said that he had found a support from some honest employment. Under such circumstances, what could be more unjust than to visit the young delinquent with the same kind or degree of punishment, which would be due to a de- liberate oflender of mature years ? To confine these youthful criminals in our loath- some and crowded prisons, where no, or scarcely any, distinction can be made between the young and old, or between the more and less vicious, where little can be learned but the ways of the wicked, and from whence they must be sent to encounter new wants, new temptations, and to commit new crimes, is to pursue a course, as little reconcileable with jus- tice as humanity ; yet, till the House of Refuge was established there was no alternative. The unfortu- nate child, though hardly beyond the years of infancy who had committed the least olFence was doomed to 150 a confinement, not only without hope of his reforma- tion, but with almost a certainty that, when he was discharged, he would again be obnoxious to punish- ment; and that thus, a course would be pursued, every step in which, would lead to new and greater crimes. The value of the institution of which we are the guardians, will not be duly appreciated, unless this retrospect be taken, and this dismal, but true picture be compared with that, which it is our happiness to be able to present. — The forlorn, helpless, aban- doned or misled child, finds a comfortable home under our roof. He is supplied with food and rai- ment, and is surrounded by friends who devote them- selves to his instruction. He acquires habits of in- dustry and regularity; and soon sees in his fellow- creatures, who are around him, not as he formerly did, in the whole human race, beings whom he considered as regardless of him and his misery, as he was of them, but beneficent guardians, administering to his necessities, endeavouring to render him virtuous, to give him the means of future independence and hap- piness in this world, and to show him the right path to the next. In almost every case, we do not say in all cases, the discipline of the institution Avorks a reformation. The moral faculties are awakened, the thoughts of the young offender are turned, often with regret, upon his past life, and he is led to resolve on a better course. In many instances, the child not only thinks of his future condition in this world, but his mind is filled with a concern for his eternal, as well as his temporal welfare ; a conviction is produced that our happiness in this life, as well as in that which is to come, depends on a due application of our moral and physical faculties. The transition of a being from a life of want, ignorance, idleness, corruption and hope- lessness, to the enjoyments in the Refuge of comfort, to the relief which is afforded to the mind, by con- stant and useful employment, to the knowledge of good and evil, to the hope of obtaining an honest liv- ing, and to the consolations of religion, must be to him as a new birth. 151 That these are not visionary or exaggerated views of the effects of the institution, will, in some measure, appear from the statements, furnished by the Super- intendent, of the cases of some of the children who have been received into the House of Refuge, and by the letters from some who have been apprenticed, and from persons to whom they have been bound. These statements and letters will appear in the Ap- pendix. It is true they relate to but a few cases. Did the occasion permit, many more of the same na- ture might be presented; and it may be said with great truth, that, very generally, the children who have been taken from the House of Refuge, as ap- prentices, have evinced the benefit they derived from the institution, and have merited the commenda- tions of those to whose care they have been entrusted. It is worthy of remark, that several of those who ap- peared the most depraved, when they came into the Refuge, and for some time afterward appeared incor- rigible, have subsequently given the best hopes of their entire reformation. Since the establishment was opened, on the first of January, 1825, to the commencement of the present year, five hundred and twenty-seven subjects have been received, of these two hundred and seventy-five have been bound out, and of the latter, only twenty- two have been returned on account of their having given dissatisfaction to those to whom they were ap- prenticed. The feeling manifested by the letters from the children, towards those who have the immediate care of them, is very general, while they are in the house, and is not always lost when they leave it. Many who have been discharged or apprenticed, have seemed anxious to avail themselves of an opportunity of visiting the place, and the parents of their reforma- tion. In several instances reformed youths, after an absence, which they were conscious they had advan- tageously employed, have presented themselves to greet those to whose care they were indebted, with filial aflection, and with full hearts to express their gratitude. The course of these remarks leads to a fit occasion 152 for the Managers to state, that they are always watch- ful of their officers, who have the immediate care and charge of the children. They have been led, by re- cent circumstances, to a severe scrutiny of the con- duct of their Superintendent, and they think it due to him to avail themselves of this opportunity to say, that they have been confirmed in their opinion of his strict integrity, his capacity, his zeal for the prosper- ity of the institution, and his entire devotion to the important station he fills. By a mild, but firm conduct, he maintains order and discipline. He does not hes- itate to resort to severity, where it is necessary. His punishments are inflicted with discretion and modera- tion, and always with an appeal, as well to the moral, as to the corporal feelings of the delinquent; so that he kindles no animosity; but on the contrary, the of- fenders and their companions, while they acknowl- edge the justice of the chastisement, do not regard him by whom it is inflicted, otherwise than as their friend and benefactor. The Managers would not be understood as applying these remarks, as to the effect of punishments, to every case where it has been ne- cessary to resort to the severest measures: but they are warranted as being applicable in most instances, and as presenting generally, the true character and efficacy of the system of discipline the Managers have adopted. The rules of the House have lately been revised, and are now arranged under the following heads; — Employment, Arrangement of Time, Food, Female and Matron, Punishments, Wardsmen and Monitors, Classification, Superintendent and Keeper, Teachers and Assistant Keepers, Acting Committee, Indentur- ing Committee, and Divine Service. The titles to these regulations indicate the subjects to which the attention of the Managers has been particularly di- rected. Experience has led to improvements in rela- tion to most of them. — The occasion does not admit of details, but the rules have been printed and pub- lished, and those who feel an interest in the establish- ment are invited to examine them. It will be seen, that though the Managers chiefly rely on a system of moral discipline, yet, moderate corporal chastisement 153 is not prohibited. — It rarely happens, but there are some natures who can be made to feel only through their corporal senses; and the Managers have not been willing to suffer these to be sacrificed to notions of ultra-philanthropy, which would abolish all punish- ments. The introduction of the supervision of a Committee oPLadies, for the female department, is an improve- ment, the benefits of which are constantly felt. To those ladies who have been unremitting in the discharge of the duties they have assumed, the Man- agers feel themselves bound to make their acknowl- edgements. Their last annual report will appear in the Appendix, and will best explain what services they render, and the manner in which they are per- formed. There have been in the House of Refuge, during the last year, including those who were left there the preceding year, three hundred and thirty-seven boys and girls, of whom one hundred and forty-eight have been bound out, and one hundred and sixty-one re- mained at the close of the year. For information in relation to the respective children who have been ap- prenticed, and in relation to the employment of the subjects, while they are in the House, as well as for other information, the Managers must refer to the subjoined tables, for particulars which would swell this report to too great an extent. It is to be regretted that this report can not be clos- ed, without adverting to a subject, which is very far from affording any grounds of satisfaction — it is the state of the funds and the revenue of the institution. In 1826, a law was passed, by which the surplus of the receipts of the Commissioners of Health, after paying all the expenses of the Marine Hospital and leaving an ample provision for repairs and contingen- cies, was appropriated to the maintenance of this charity. As it was ascertained that the expenses of the Marine Hospital did not, at that time, exceed sev- enteen thousand dollars a year, that the receipts were upwards of thirty-six thousand dollars and were an- nually augmenting, it was thought ample and certain means were provided for the House of Refuge. The 20 154 Managers, however, have not been able to realise their expectations from this source, and find them- selves now short of" the necessary funds. They can not doubt but that the legislature will put their reve- nue on a certain and permanent footing. This estab- lishment must be considered as an integral part of the penitentiary system which has been adopted by the state; it may be said to be the foundation on which the whole superstructure rests; and there can be no more reason to believe that the legislature will withhold from it an adequate support, than there is to believ^e that they will abandon the principles of a penal code, which marks the advancement of mankind in knowl- edge, civilization, and humanity. The Managers, while on this subject, beg leave to present some extracts from a report of a Committee of the Senate, which introduced the law of 1826. The Committee say "If the House of Refuge were to be considered merely as a place where so many children may be rescued from poverty, reclaimed from the haunts of vice and wretchedness, protected, in- structed, and reformed, it would be a charity having the highest claims to the bounty and liberality of the government; but when viewed as a means by which the perpetration of crimes will be prevented, and if the increased number of criminals be considered, which, without it, the state would be obliged to main- tain in our prisons, it is believed that aregard to econ- omy alone would require the support of the institution. There is hardly a child who will be condemned to the House of Refuge, who if left to the course, which will bring him there, would not finally become a charge to the state as a convict. The evidence of this is that a very large proportion, as your Committee are inform- ed and believe, of the persons who are now confined in our state prisons, commenced their career in crime, when they were children, in the city of New-York, or in some other large cities. One person, in particular, who is now confined in the prison at Auburn, was first convicted when he was only ten years old, and has since, at different times, been twenty-eight years a convict, supported by the state at an expense of not less than two thousand dollars. This case which is 155 by no means singular, except as to time, shews, at once, what may be the advantages, even in point of economy, of an institution which will arrest young of- fenders in their criminal course, and at the same time is an evidence that confinement in our state prisons is ill calculated to produce reformation in young per- sons. "Since the House of Refuge was opened," contin- ues the same report, "the number of children who have been brought to the bar of the criminal courts in New-York, has lessened in the proportion of four to one." The institution, it will be recollected, was set on foot, and was for some time maintained by voluntary contributions, to the amount of upwards of twenty- thousand dollars, from inhabitants of the city of New- York; adverting to this circumstance, the report from which the above quotations are made, adds, "it is not to be expected that this institution will longer be sup- ported by private charitable contributions. It would be unjust to require that an establishment of such pub- lic benefit should be sustained at the expense of indi- viduals. Unless the state affords it efficient aid, it must fall. If this were to happen, while other states, under a conviction of its great utility, are adopting similar institutions, entirely at the public charge, we must be deprived of the great advantages ours must afford." The Managers will add, in the language of a memo- rial they presented to the legislature, last year, that in such an event, "the children who have found ref- uge in this asylum, must be turned upon society to pur- sue a course which must again bring them to the bars of our criminal courts, from thence to be sent to our penitentiaries and state prisons, there to be main- tained, as irreclaimable criminals, at a greater expense to the state than would be required to continue the support of an institution, in which they may receive moral and religious instruction, acquire habits of in- dustry, be reformed, and fitted to be useful members of society." As there has been much misunderstanding, in rela- tion to the application to the House of Refuge, of a 156 portion of the money collected by the Commission- ers of Health, a copy of a memorial presented to the legislature last year, containing a full elucidation of that matter, is subjoined in the Appendix. It will be seen that no part of the contribution of mariners, to the Hospital fund, was ever touched; but that on the contrary, the Managers of the House of Refuge could only receive a part of what was paid by passengers, the most of whom are foreigners. How just and ap- propriate a disposition, of this contribution from emi- grants, was made by the law of 1826, will appear by the fact, that of the five hundred and thirty-three sub- jects, who have been received into the House of Re- fuge, two hundred and ninety-six, that is very consid- erably more than half, were born abroad, or were the children of foreigners. And of one hundred and fifty- nine received last year, ninety-three or nearly two- thirds were of European parents. That it may be seen in what manner the Managers exercise the power given to them, to bind out the chil- dren committed to their care, they subjoin, in the Ap- pendix, circular letters, copies of which go with every apprentice taken from the institution. In conclusion, the Managers have only to say, that they desire nothing more than the moderate means necessary to support the institution; and relying on the disposition which has been heretofore manifested by the legislature, to support an establishment which, the Managers believe, was justly characterised by the late governor, as "the best penitentiary institution ever devised by the wit, and established by the bene- ficence of man;" and relying on a continuance of their own zeal and exertions, which have hitherto overcome every difficulty, they cannot but hope that the estab- lishment will be maintained, and transmitted to pos- terity, as an evidence of the wisdom and humanity of their ancestors. 157 SEIiECTIOJV OF CASES AI¥« EETTERS From. Apprentices, and from Persons to whom Apprentices have been hound. BOYS. September 17, 1826. J. B. — from a court of General Sessions, aged IG years the 25th of July last. Born in New- York — his father is dead, his mother keeps a confectionary store in New- York. About two years since J. went to live with Mr. M., a tailor in Philadelphia, where he continued but a short time, and quit ; being an only child, was greatly indulged ; soon after he went on board of a packet, that sailed from New-York to Baltimore, &c. His first thefts weve small amounts of money from his mother, then old rope, copper, &.c. with his companions, who Avere of the worst class of thieves, passers of counterfeit money, «fec. A man by the name of King, informed him where he could steal a watch, which he succeeded in obtaining: King sold the watch for ten dol- lars, and divided the money with J. He also took from the money drawer of a grocer in Grand-street, twenty-five dollars. Once in company with .T. C. and H. H., they went to Philadelphia on a cruise ; they there stole several pieces of linen and muslin ; by going into gentlemen's kitchens after dinnei-, they stole two or three dozen silver spoons ; he then entered a house in the day time, finding the front door not fastened, Avent up stairs, shook the trunks to find where he could get the most valuable articles, cut the leather hinges of a trunk, took from it twelve dollars in silver, a valuable silver repeating watch, which he sold for eighteen dollars, two coats, linen shirts, and pantaloons. In New-York, he went with A. D. a butclier, they entered houses and stole clothing. Once in Philadelphia, he was taken up and put into the work-house, for having a gentleman's coat which he knew and swore to ; but when the court came to look for the marks that the owner had described, they were not to be found, J. having taken them out ; he in consequence was discharged. In company with H. T. and R. D., they stole, near Fulton market, 18 gold watch keys — on the following Monday morning about three o'clock, they broke open the same store, and took all the valuable property they could find, amounting in value, he thinks, to about three hundred dollars : he has been in Bridewell three times. For several months after J. became an inmate of this Institution, he evinced an unhappy, discontented turn of mind, and was fixed on making his escape, if an opportunity should afford. It was found necessary to deal strictly Avith him, and to keep a watchful eye constantly over him ; by degrees we discovered his feelings to change, until he became one of the most pleasant and agreeable boys in his class. We find the following remark posted to his history. 158 1828, January 2, — J. was this day indentured to Mr. M. P., of T. town, S. Co. New-York, farmer. Previous to his coming here, he was a wild youth, but has con- ducted himself uniformly well for nearly a year ; he became pleasant and agreeable in his manners, and industrious in his habits. T , S Co. February 25, 1828. Mr. Nathaniel C. Hart, Dear Sir, — This will inform you that I find in J. B. a very good boy ; he appears to possess a modest and excellent disposi- tion, and in my estimation bids fair to make a useful citizen. He appears to be very contented, and thinks he should not be so happy in any other situation. He wishes to see Mr. Hart, (of whom he speaks very highly,) and also his former mates in the Refuge. He appears to be far ■ from those vices which generally characterize boys of his class and age, and improves well in our line of business. I think he pos- sesses all the qualities of a good moral young man, and I shall en- deavor to instruct him in the way he should go. I should be pleased to hear from either yourself or the committee at any time, and more so should you ever think proper to call on us personally. Receive the sincere respects of Yours, &-c. (Signed) M. P. The following is from the boy alluded to in the above letter. My Dear Friend, Mr. Hart, I let you know that I am well, and hope this may find you are the same, not forgetting Mr. Miller, Miss Goewey and Miss Weaver, and all my former fellow inmates. I like the gentleman I live with better than I thought I should, and he is as clever to me as I wish him to be. Mr. Hart will please read this letter to the boys I left behind me, and I hope they may all abide by the two rules of the House ; they are simple, but true to them that follow them. I shall follow them as long as I can " speak the truth at all times," and then we will find friends al- ways. I hope I may soon return and see you all as well as I left you. I shall never forget the House of Refuge ; it is the home I was looking for, long before I came there : but I found it at last, and if I had not found it, where should I have been now, not where I now am learning a good trade. I remain yours affectionately, J. B. May 10, 1826. N. S., from the commissioners, aged 14 years the 27th June, born in New-York of Irish parents. His father died about eight years since ; his mother is a widow, and has been confined to the house above a year, with the consumption. About three years since he was sent to the Aims-House, from whence he was put to live with Lieut. B. at fortD., where he stayed about one year, when he returned to his mother ; soon after he was put on board the ship I., and made a voyage to C. ; after he re- turned, he shipped on board the C, and made another voyage to 159 C. ; he returned about six months since, and has played about the streets ever since. He once stole a copper kettle and some old iron from his mother, which he sold — says he never stole any thing from any one else. His mother wanted him to learn a trade, but he liked to play too well to work at any trade. He says he had rather learn a trade than go to sea. Enters 6th class. Previous to N. being brought to the House of Refuo-e, we knew him to be a very bad boy, associating with the -worst of boys, idling about the streets, and was pointed at, as a boy swiftly running to destruction. But since he has been introduced to regular habits of industry and obedience, he has become one of the smartest boys in the shop that he works in, improved smartly in his education, was promoted to the class of honor, and left the House in a good state of mind. March 5, 1827, He is indentured to Mr. S. H., of P. P., D. Co., Blacksmith. Dear Sir, — Agreeably to your request, and in compliance with my promise, I address you on the subject of N. S., whom I took from the House of Refuge in November last. I shall not be under the necessity of multiplying many words on the subject, but can with propriety make the following remarks. N., while living with me, has behaved well in every respect ; has been industrious and attentive to his business ; has not frequented bad compan}', nor shown a disposition so to do ; and should he pursue his present course of conduct and attention to business, I have no hesitation in saying, he will make a respectable man, and a first rate workman. Yours Respectfully, (Signed) S. H. December 2, 1 826. W. C. from the Police, aged twelve years the 22d May ; born in New-York ; hiiS father and mother have been dead about two years. His father, at his decease, left a lot of ground, with a front and rear house thereon for the children, six in number : his sisters oc- cupy the rear house, and take care of the property, and the small children. He went once to live with Mr. P., a farmer in the coun- try, disliked and quit after staying three months, then with Mr. F. in R., continued two years and quit. After his return from the country, he went to live with Mr. C. a cooper, and quit after three months. He was recently indentured to Mr. W. B., a coppersmith, continued four months, and ran away because his master punished him for a fault about two weeks since. The first thing he stole was cakes from his mother, the next ap- ples from a grocery ; while an apprentice to Mr. B., he stole cop- per twice, (about six pounds) and to avoid punishment for it after being detected, he ran away from him. He used to associate with bad boys, who used to steal old rope, iron, &c. He and seven or eight other boys, were found in an indicted grocery, playing cards, for which he was sent here. December 2, 1826. J. A. M. from the Commissioners, aged 14 years the 12th of July last. Born in New-York ; his father has been dead nine months. His mother resides in this city ; nurses for a living. The 160 only bad trait I can find in J., is that his mother cannot Control him, nor keep bim at any place to which she puts him : he says he never stole any thing. Noveviber 24, 1827. W. C. was this day indentured to Mr. J. B. L., paper manufactu- rer, of N. P. (N. J.) November 24, 1827.- J. A. M. was this day indentured to Mr. J. B. L., of N. P. (N. J.) N*** p*******, April 25, 1828. Dear Sir, — An apology is due you, for having delayed so long answering your letter, asking information in regard to the beha- vior of J. A. M. and W. C, from the House of Refuge, under my charge. Had any thing censurable occurred in their conduct deserving particular notice, I should have immediately informed you on the subject : but so exemplary and praiseworthy has been their de- portment, that not a single act indicative of their former abandon- ment has fallen under my observation or come to my knowledge. So efiectual indeed has been the treatment pursued at the Ref- uge, in reclaiming them from vice and vicious habits, that the most willing obedience has been rendered to all directions given them, without the necessity of punishment in any one instance. No stronger proofs of the utility and benefits derivable from an institution, intended for the reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, need be pursued to my mind, than those cases under my immedi- ate observation, to impress me with the hope of its prosperity and success, equal to the wishes of its most sanguine supporters. Yours sincerely, (Signed) J. B. L. April 27, 1828. J. B. C. from the commissioners, aged 15 years, the 24th of August ; born in New-York, of Irish parents. His father is quite intemperate ; his mother he has not seen in three months, nor does he know where she lives ; he says he never stole any thing ; he has been in the practice of drinking pretty freely, beer, wine, rum, and cider ; he Avas often seen staggering about the streets, fighting and quarrelling to the great annoyance of his neighbors ; he says he was sent here because he would not stay at the Aims- House, until Alderman Burtis could get him a place. Reinarks. Proved to be one of the most troublesome boys ever sent to the House; bold and daring, influencing others to venture in his exploits ; made his escape four times, and made two unsuccessful attempts to escape. In one of his attempts to escape, he made use of three sheets and a small cord that was attached to his hammock ; these he fastened together, broke through the upper part of his cell, into the garret, broke out one of the circular blinds, and while in the act of letting himself down, the cord broke, and he fell twenty- eight or thirty feet, which broke six of his bones ; yet he recovered and was still bent on being wicked, until the softening grace of God touched his heart, and made a deep impression: although we do not believe he is a thoroughly changed boy, yet the deep im- 161 pression was visible and lasting, and notwithstanding we believe he received the worst and severest punishments of any boy in the House, yet he left us with the most cordial feelings, determined to become a man of respectability. December 16, 1827. J. is indentured to Mr. S. M. of N., to go a whaling voyage. The Superintendent has since received a letter from his captain, who states, that he shall try to teach J. navigation, and "knows no reason why he should not become a captain of a ship." S Brazil Banks, on board the ship Z., in I lat. him, 5\deg. S. Feb. 29, 1828. Dear Sir,— I embrace this opportunity, to inform you that we are all well, and if it was not for the thoughts of those friends we left behind, would be happy. Shortly after I sent you my last, we dropped down below the Hats, and on the 22d of December, we weighed anchor, and set sail for the Pacific Ocean ; we had pleas- ant weather until we were out three days, when we experienced much bad weather, until about the 30th, when we crossed the gulf stream, and got in Avarm weather ; from then till the l4th of Jan- uary, when the man from the mast head, cried out whales ! we lowered our boats, and pulled after them ; after rowing two or three hours we fastened on one, and had the pleasure of seeing him turn up ; we got him alongside about one o'clock, A. M. ; we got the rigging all ready, and next morning cut him in. This whale was but a small one in comparison to some, but I thought it was a monster. It may not be improper to make a few remarks on this whale ; he was of an immense bulk, his body is covered over with a black skin, about the eighth of an inch thick, so hard that it is difficult to cut unless the knife is very sharp, his head is long and square, and his jaws are about fifteen feet long. This morning we fell in with the ship Ontario, of Nantucket, %vhich ship is nearly full, and is expected to go home in a short time, so I thought I would take this opportunity to let you hear from me. Give my best respects to Mr. Colhns, and all enquiring friends. Please excuse this miserable writing, as I am so hurried on ac- count of sending the oil we have on board of the Ontario. We are yours, with the most perfect respect and esteem, (Signed) J. B. C. J. M. and W. E. Here the Committee would remark that from another captain, who wrote to his owners in Nantucket, having five or six Refuge boys on board ; he says " they are the best sailors I have in my ship ;" and another who has about as many, says " they are fine fellows." May 4, 1826. D. M'N., from the Sessions, aged twenty years the 4th of April; born in Scotland, his parents are living. About three years since, he came to Charleston, (S. C.) to seek employment as an account- ant, he was received by his uncle, a wheel-wright in that place. About one month after his arrival, he hired to J. R., a grocer, where he lived about sixteen months, then returned to his uncle, 21 162 ihe wheel-wright, and remained with him about one year, and kept his books ; in November he took passaj^e for New-York, and took board Avith R. T., a ship carpenter in C. street, a man that he had known in Charleston. Until February, he did no work, but spent his time in walking the streets, and in public houses, he then took board in O. street, at Mr. B's porter-house, where there was card playing. He used to play, but not for money. The first theft he ever committed, was in stealing nine dollars from the pocket of a fellow boarder, which money he spent, while he boarded in O. street ; he became acquainted with J. H. about eighteen years of age, who was in the habit of stealing; he went with him and stole from a dwelling house, a coat, which they sold in Catharine-street, for four dollars ; about one week after, in com- pany with the same boy, stole a time-piece, for w hich he was taken up, tried, and sent here. Last December he stole from a fellow boarder, twenty-five dollars ; he was taken up, tried, and sent to the penitentiary for four months, which time expired on the l4th of April last. Enters 9th class. April 4, 1827. He is sent to sea, on a whaling voyage from Nantucket. On hoard the ship p***** B**, Sir — I hope this will find you in good health, as this leaves me at present. The four boys aboard here, are all in good health; they send their best respects to you: please give my best respects to Mr. M. B. Hart, and to all the boys. I have seen M. W. and W. S. about three weeks ago ; they were both in good health at that time. M. W. saw J. C. in a port of South America, who told him that W. P. was lost ofl'Cape Horn. I have not seen the ship that he sailed in myself; I will write you the news more particularly when we get into port, which wall be in the course of one month, from this date. We have got at this date, seven hundred barrels of sperm oil: our ship holds about twenty-seven hundred barrels. Since we came round Cape Horn, Captain C. has taken me as steward and clerk; he is a very fine man, he has told me several times, he will instruct me in the art of navigation, as much as is in his power. Excuse bad writing, as the ship by which I send this, is laying by for our letters. No more at present, but remain your affectionate servant, (Signed) D. M'N. P. S. I hope the boys are all getting on well with their learning ; they will all find that it is most to their advantage, to pay attention to it while they have an opportunity. 1 Avont forget the shells. D. M'N. 18th February, 1828, lat 5 deg. > 4 min. south. Ion. 107 deg. west. ^ J. W. — from the Commissioners, aged fourteen years in Septem- ber 1826. Born in New-York, of English parents. J. lost his mother about three years since : he had attended Free School No. 1 about three yeais, without playing truant one day; but after the death of his mother, he was solicited by J. M. and F. M. to play truant from school, which he feared at first to do ; but they at last succeeded in persuading him. He was absent one month, before he was found out, during which time, he had become 163 pretty well initiated in the practice of stealing lead from buildings, ships, &.C., old iron, copper, and the like; and has constantly been in the practice of running away from his father's house since. After practising awhile witli the M's in stealing lead, pewter, zinc, old rope, &c., the company was increased by G. S., G. B., W. S., H. and J. II., J. H., and others. In consequence of their frequently climbing to the tops of houses after lead, they discovered a way to enter stores and houses through the scuttles, at which they became very expert, insomuch that they would sometimes enter a half dozen stores in a single night. This boy, and J. H. at one time entered a store in Broad-street, and obtained ^40, which they divided; it proved, (he says,) to be counterfeit. At another time, in company with M. M., they broke open an office on the corner ofSpruce and Nassau-streets, broke open a desk, and stole ^18 in gold, &.C. Enters 7th Class. Remark. J. is a smart boy, and has improved very much, and if his lot should in time be cast with a prudent man, would, we trust, make a good citizen : he possesses a good bright intellect. J. is indentured to Mr. A. B. of B. C. B 1, July 13th, 1828. Mr. N, C. Hart, Sir, — Agreeably to your request, I transmit to you ah account of J. W. the boy taken from the House of Refuge in March last. It is now a little over three months that he has been with me, and he has, I think, improved very much, both in work and in his stu- dies : he has been so far faithful and obedient, and appears willing to do as well as he knows how in all things ; he attends church and Sunday School regularly every Sabbath, and his evenings are em- ployed in study, spelling, reading, writing and ciphering, as is most convenient, or as we think most proper. We do not allow him to associate with other boys of the neighborhood, therefore his time and attention must be devoted to his work or studies. He has the same treatment and privileges as one of our family, and I doubt not but he linds it a good home : he appears very well pleased with his business and situation, and if he continues to do as wxll as he has done, as I have every reason to suppose, he will, with proper at- tention, become a respectable and worthy citizen. J. frequently speaks of Mr. Hart, and desires at this time to be remembered to you, also to the boys generally, and hopes or wishes, that they will all do better and become good. I have given J. some little trees, and some cuttings of the vine, which he appears to be much pleased with, and wishes to know how long before they will bear grapes, as he will send some to Mr, Hart. I hope he will soon be able to write sufficiently well to write to you himself. And wishing you good success, in so good a cause as that to which you are devoted, I remain your very obedient servant. A. B. E. M'L. — from the Commissioners, aged sixteen years the 1st of May 1827, born in N. Y. of Irish parents. His father died about one year since; his mother resides in this city, owns the house in which she lives, and receives about ^'3 per week rent. His first 164 place of residence was with Mr. Z. a baker in S. street: he was employed in carrying out and selling rusk : he continued three weeks. The next and last place was with Mr. P. in N. J. to learn the shoe-making business: continued two weeks and quit. Then to selling fish, clams, &.c. about the streets: would drink frequent- ly, and occasionally become intoxicated. The first thing he stole was sixpence from his mother, then an apple from a Mrs. S. then a fishing line from an associate, then two shillings while selling fish, next a ball from P. B. and again six- pence, &c. &c. "Was a frequent visiter of theatres, circuses, &-c. was disobedient to his mother, was finally taken up at a late hour drunk, while returning from Mount Pitt circus, carried to the watch- house, and sent from there here. Enters Sixth Class. After having been in the house some months, and manifested to our satisfaction a disposition to do as well as he knew how, was advanced to the station of guard, which station he filled with faith- fulness and integrity, until June 1828, when he was indentured to Mr. W. M. a hatter, at C. R., W. county, N. Y. C. R. August 1st. Mr. N. C. Hart, Sir, — As it has been your wish that I should write, I now take the opportunity of informing you, that my boy, E. M'L. has been very steady and attentive to his business ever since I have had him: for so far, I must say, I never had a better boy: he gains in learning the hatting business as fast as can be expected. Yours, respectfully, (Signed) W. M, December, 1828. E. M'L. called to see us, with a very pleasing letter from his master, who inconsequence of his good conduct, had permitted him to visit his mother. E. expressed his intentions to do as well as he knew how, of his pleasure in his master, and his determina- tion to stay and learn his trade. C. T. S., from the Commissioners, aged fifteen years the 5th of July, 1826, born in N. Y. — His father and mother removed to P., N. J. two years ago. C. returned to this city three months since, and went to live with Mr. B. a shoe-maker, inC. street ; continued six or seven weeks, and absconded. He first stole fruit from the marketplaces, next a pair of spurs from a livery stable in Bancker- Btreet, cakes from shops, and many other things which he cannot recollect. Enters Fourth Class. May, 18S8.— C. was indentured to Mr. W. H. P. of P. O. county ji Jf.Y. P.August 19th, 1828. Mr. N. C. Hart, Respected Friend and Benefactor, — Since I left your place of confinement, I have been constantly employed in the factory, with which business I am much pleased ; and by strict attention to my business, I expect to become acquainted with a trade that will afford me a full employment, and of course a good living. I have been regularly to meeting every other Sabbath, which is four miles from this place, and to Sabbath School every week, 165 which is half a mile. At this place there is an abundance of fruit of all kinds, which I can have in any quantity by asking for it, and that without pay. I have been well and hearty since I left you. (Signed,) C. S. August 19th, 1828. Mr. N. C. Hart, Dear Sir, — The writer of the foregoing letter, C. S. appears to be well satisfied with the business he is employed at, and also with his exchange of a city for a country residence, and has never ex- pressed any desire to return to N. Y. I think he will make an hon- est man, if he has proper attention paid to him, Avhich I shall spare no pains to bestow upon him. I am, respectfully, (Signed,) W. H. P. Maij, 1827. T. C. from the Commisioners, aged sixteen years in April last, born in Ireland. His father, T. lives in this city, and bottles por- ter, cider, &c. for a living. I believe the complete history of this boy is comprised in the following narrative : he was put to eleven different places to learn a trade, and ran away from them all, viz. three shoe-makers, two bricklayers, two looking-glass frame-makers, two carpenters, two bakers, and I believe was too lazy to work. When he came here he was filthy in the extreme. Enters Seventh Class. August 1st, 1828. T. has become quite a good boy; has gained our confidence, and is promoted to the class of honor as night guard, which station he fills to our satisfaction. October. He is indentured to Mr. G. R. of W. G. county, N. Y. W , November 1st, 1828. Dear Sir, — I have the pleasure of informing you that T. C. ar- rived here on the 24th of October in good spirits, and appears to be a well disposed boy, is very willing to do what he can ; is not at all acquainted with our business, but appears to learn very easy : he has been very ill one night, but is now healthy, and appears contented ; says he likes living in the country very much ; he is anxious to learn to handle the hoe and axe, and if his health is spared, will, I think, make a good farmer. I have delayed send- ing the indenture, in order to be able to write concerning the boy. I shall encourage him to write to you as soon as he can write a legible hand. Yours, &c. (Signed,) G. R . T. W. from the Police, aged (he says,) twelve years the 15th of May last, which we doubt ; his age can be found on the books of Public School No. 2 — born in England. His father, J. came to this country several years since, and died in this city soon after. His mother some years ago married again. His mother, it was supposed, was on her death-bed when he came here. This boy was a member of Public School No. 2, four or five years since, then a notorious truant, and has continued so ever since. He informs me that he then practised pilfering about the docks ; nor had he much improved in any thing except stealing. Rope, copper, lead, and the like, were the articles that ho made 166 his calculations to raise cash from by stealing, almost every day for five years past, and for which he Avas sent here : twice he stole money from his mother. Enters Eighth Class. It appeared in the case of T. that he only wanted some friendly hand to place and direct him in the right way. He soon became industrious, quiet, and attentive to all his duties. October, 1828. T. is indentured to Capt. F. B. farmer, of P. D. county, N. Y. P , November 9, 1828. Dear Sir, — The little boy, T. W. does very well, and appears perfectly contented and cheerful; he is up every morning of his own accord by day-light, and I can hear him whistling and singing as he makes the fire and feeds the stock, before I am out of bed. I am, Sir, with due respect. Your most obedient servant, F. B. FEMALES. June 9th 1827. C. N. from the Police, aged about 1 1 years, born in N. C. Her father, S. N, removed to this city when she was young, and died about seven years since: her mother married D, L. a cartman within a year past, and now resides near the corner of D. and E. streets. She lived with Mrs. M. in G. street a short time last summer. She has for some time past been connected with her elder sister and others, in selling soap, needles, cotton balls, &-c. about the streets. She has been in the practice of attending theatres, cir- cuses, &c. would use profane and indecent language; was disobe- dient to her parents, and would steal. The first thing she stole was one hundred needles from a shop- keeper, while pretending to praise or purchase some : this prac- tice she often repeated. Next a silk handkerchief, which she sold for three shillings ; then two or three dollars from a shop drawer, in company with four or five others, Avhich she divided, this being their practice. She appears to be quite an accomplished thief: often stole Avorked Vandykes, handkerchiefs, &c. and sold them about the streets. The last attempt she made to steal, was in company with several of her companions in a dry-goods store in D. street : she, being the heroine, was sent in to steal money from the drawer, inside of the counter, fromAvhich she took four or five dollars, Avhen the shop-keeper discovered her, gave chase and caught her ; for VA^hich crime she was sent here. She has stolen much ; has a bold and daring manner ; she says she never Avould have stolen, had it not been for A. M'D. Avho she says steals a ereat deal, and lives near the Alms House. Enters Third Class. Fehrvary h-th, 1828. Indentured to Mr. J. D. B, of W. O. county, N. Y. In this child there has been a most pleasing change. Once a champion for da- ring expeditions in stealing, wild and impudent, has now become one of the best girls in the house ; pleasant, obedient, active, and, we trust, seriously and religiously inclined. 167 W , April 22nd, 1828. Mr. N. C. Hart, Sir, — The bearer of this is Mr. J. D. B. from this place, who wishes a girl from the House of Refuge : Mr. W. gave him infor- mation that one Avould be kept for him. It is certainly an excel- lent place, in which a young girl would receive the best of exam- ple and precept, and be instructed in the solemn truths of our holy religion. I can recommend this situation to you with much plea- ure, inasmuch as I believe, that in this family, a child would re- ceive such information as will make them useful in after life, and a credit to themselves and to their benefactors. We are much gratified with our little girl C. N. she answers the recommendation given me by Mr. A. she is an industrious, obedi- ent, kind and affectionate child, and we feel entirely satisfied with her conduct thus far, and I trust, (through the blessing of God,) she may continue as she has began. She appears willing to learn and receive instruction; she progresses rapidly in reading in her Bible ; she has committed about half of the shorter catechism to memory; she has altered in appearance greatly since she came to reside with me; has grown so that you would scarcely recognize her. She feels very anxious that her sister Catharine should come with Mr. B. says if she had Catharine here she v.ould never want to see New-York : she was much pleased that her little sister Jane came with Mr. W. and was much afliicted at the death of her mother. She speaks with much feeling and affection of yourself and Miss Goewey, and continues, I believe, the duty of prayer, at least I enjoin it upon her. The sisters appear to have much affec- tion for each other, and I hope they may prove a blessing, and not a hindrance : and I trust that your labour may not be in vain in reclaiming the lost and wandering children of obscurity, that their hearts may be regenerated. That your institution may be blessed is my heart's desire and prayer to God, and receive my assurances for your peace and felicity. (Signed,) J. D. B. January 9th, 1828, C. N., from the Police, aged fifteen years the 17th of June last, born in C. Her father has been dead about eight years, since which her mother married D. L., who is now a labourer. C commenced to sell cotton balls about six years ago ; then shaving soap, needles, almanacs, songs, &c. &c. — this practice led her to stealing. The first tl)eft was six skeins of silk, four or five years ago, then one hundred needles, and so on, until she was sent here for being connected with two of her old associates in stealing forty dollars from Captain , near White Hall, which they di- vided among them. She enters fourth class. When Catharine entered the House, her sister Charity took the earliest opportunity to give her the best counsel she was capable of; who by this lime had greatly profited by the discipline and op- portunities the House ofiered : from a wild and uncultivated child, she became (|uiet, mild, and one of the most industrious little crea- tures in tlie House, and was found often in secret places in private devotions to her Maker. Her remarks were to this amount : — You must be very particular to obey the Matron ; not do as naughty girls do, but obey the two rules of the House, " Never tell a lie" 168 =—" Do as well as you know how," and you will be happy. But a short time had passed, before Charity's influence had caused Cath- arine to unite in her secret devotions ; and such an attachment be- tween sisters so natural and correct, it is uncommon to witness. Catharine soon convinced us that she only wanted to be put into the right path, and she would ornament it. But a few months had elapsed after their confinement in the House, before their mother died, and they were left without any earthly parent — Charity at this lime being bound out as above. Catharine was taken down to see her lifeless mother, where was found the only remaining little sis- ter, hanging around the corpse of her mother, and none but neigh- bors to comfort her. Such were the strong appeals of Catharine to the Superintendent to take her little sister under his care and protection, that he went immediately to the Commissioners with the child, and related the circumstances ; they at once approved and committed her as a vagrant, not having any home. Tn a short time they were all indentured to superior places in W., O. county, where they can see each other every week. November 27th, 1828. J. D. B. Esq. of O. county, to whom Charity was indentured, called and stated that she and her two sisters, who were in the same neighborhood, were three of the finest children he knew : that he Avould not part with Charity for ^100 ; and that the oldest sister, Catharine, who lived with Mr. J. B., was, in point of mind and deportment, a superior girl, and that they manifested much tender and kind feeling towards each other, and had no idea of ever returning to the city to live, lest they should fall into temptation's way. Mr. B. said, the children express the warmest regard for their former care-takers while in the House of Refuge, and it was in consequence of their strong solicitations that he had called to spend a few hours with us. January 9th, 1 828. M. L., from tne Police, aged sixteen years the 20th of Novem- ber last, born in the western part of this state. Her father, W. L. resides at No. 83 S.-street, is poor and intemperate. This child, and her sister, have been employed several years selling soap, cotton balls, almanacs, pencils, «fcc., which led her to all kinds of company. The first thing she recollects to have stolen was 250 needles, in company with A. M'D. and her younger sister ; then a dozen tapes, &c. &c. ; so on for two or three years, dividing all they could take, "Would occasionally attend theatres and circuses. She says she has frequented bad company much. A few days since, she, her sister, and C. N. went into a grocery store near Coenties' Slip to sell soap, when a Captain B. began to carry on with them ; she consented to go with him for one dollar, and while he was planning with her, she slipped her hand into his pocket and stole his pocket book, containing ^40, agreed to meet him at the next corner, and ran ; went up Broadway and divided the amount between them. The Captain, rather than lose his money, exposed himself, and by some means found where C. N. lived, at whose dwelling the girls were found next day in the afternoon. They however took a good twenty shilling carriage ride, drank 169 cordial, &c. out of their money, before they were taken up. Sho enters the Third Class. When M. first came to the House, she put on many important airs, and manifested a considerable degree of impudence, and our hopes in her case were not very flattering ; but by steady perseve- rance in correcting her errors, exhibiting to her view the enormity of her crimes, and what they must eventually result in; holding up rirtue and piety, and the i-oppy consequences that must result from a virtuous course ; siic, v.-itnessing the high estimation that was placed upon those that l.ad reformed, in a few months her manners changed to nik'nes'', industry, and obedience ; she became ambi- tious to have jn opportunity to show how highly she appreciated her new views of virtue and propriety. The result wasj she was indentured to J. N. of B., B. county, P. on the 27th of August last. A Cew weeks since, we were visited by Mr. N's daughter, a young married lady, who informs us that M. is a fine girl, and that she is beloved by all the family, and bids fair to make a fine woman. January 9th, 1828. S. H. L., from the Police, aged fourteen years the 25th of De- cember; born in New- York. Her father is infirm and does no work, drinks hard — had a handsome property left him by his father, but has spent it. He was the cause of introducing his children to sell soap and the like. One of his daughters, elder than either of these, became a prostitute through the same channel ; but finally found a husband on board the S. F., and is now doing better. This little girl commenced her career, about two years since, selling soap, needles, pencils, almanacs, &c. She first commenced to steal soap from Mr, H., then needles from Mr. P. in Maiden-lane — she has taken four hundred at a time ; and would receive from her companions a part of their stolen property, and in turn would give them a part of hers. I judge her not to be much past twelve years of age. She however learnt the trick of getting money from men, with the promise that she would go with them, and afterwards runaway: her suitors would sometimes chase her ; if she found herself too closely pursued, she would run into a grocery store, and tell them that a man was chasing her. She would pick up her sweethearts at the Battery, Steam Boat Wharves, Theatres, &.c. She and her associates would occasionally attend the theatres and circuses. If they took five dollars each, per day, home to their mother, she was satisfied, and they could spend the rest. Some- times they could clear eight dollars per day, honest sales, then again 12 s. per day, when they were successful in stealing needles and soap. This girl also received a portion of the forty dollars. Enters Fifth Class. This child soon gave hope in her case, was open and frank in her communications, and became modest and industrious in her habits; only wanted to know her duty, and she performed it. She was indentured to Mr. L., of H. C., in April last. H. April 2S, 1828. N. C. Hart, Dear Sir, — S. H. L. arrived on Friday, and I also received from Mr. H. her indentures by the same conveyance ; and also your circular address to masters. The indentures I have signed, 22 170 and thef are witnessed by one of my daughters, (not wishing to ^o out of my family for a witness to this instrument, on S's account,) one of which will be returned herein* The address of the Mana- gers to masters, I hope and intend to comply with strictly. S- commenced Sunday School yesterday, with my children — and to the same meeting with us, is seated under our sight. She com- menced a private day school this morning, under the instruction of a pious female, in company with one of my children. Our Sunday School is attended by classes of society, from those in the first standing, down to the dregs of the lowest kind. From my family I have seven children in the school, one male and two female teach- ers, and four pupils. S. will have much advantageous preparation for Sunday School at home, from my two daughters, who are teach- ers, and I trust. Christians. It cannot be expected I should say much of S's conduct thus early, but for the little time she has been with us, the ready cheer- fulness with which she performs the little required of her, has al- ready interested us all very favorably. I hope to be able, hereafter,, to give you a further good account of her. I am very respectfully yours, (Signed) R. L. Since which we have been informed that she is doing well, and is a girl of promise. September, 1827. M. K., from the Commissioners, aged 12 years the first of April;, born in Ireland. Her father and mother are both dead. Between three and four years since, her father, E. K. put her to live with Mr. J. P., a distiller, in this city, where she continued until within a few days since, when Mr. P. informs me that one of his hired men made free with her twice, the last time it was discovered by the servant woman : and as the child was young and had no friends, Mr. P. was fearful she would go to destruction, if she was not se- cured more closely than lay in his power; consequently obtained legal permission to send her here. The girl simply states, that some weeks since, S., one of Mr. P's men, threw her on the floor, &c., and that a few days since, he found her in the still house, and threw her on the hogshead, but the servant woman came so soon that he did not effect his purpose. She appears perfectly honest in her confession, says she never stole any thing ; and I think if placed in a small careful family, will yet make a good girl to work. Enters seventh Class. March 5th, 1828, M. is indentured to the Rev. W. G., ofS., N. J. S , June 23d, 1828. Dear Sir, — The bearer of this, Mr. N. C. is anxious of obtain- ing a lad from the House of Refuge, should there be one at present to put out that will suit him. Mi-, and Mrs. C. are members of my church. He is a farmer in easy circumstances ; his family is small, and among the most respectable in this place. So far as I can judge, I think it Avould be a desirable situation for one of the boys; and hope you will aid him in selecting one of a pleasant disposition, of industrious habits, and in whom confidence can be placed. Mrs. G. and myself are much pleased with M. K., she is a good girl, respectful, industrious, pleasant, and seems anxious to com- r/1 mend herself to our approbation. Her health is good ; and from her pleasantness and cheerfulness, I have reason to believe that she is perfectly satisfied with her situation, as an inmate of our family. She frequently speaks with much feeling of the House of Refuge, and in afiectionate and grateful terms of yourself and the matron ; and seems to regard it as one of the favored circumstan- ces of her life, that her lot was cast, for a season, in the House of Refuge. From what I have witnessed in M. connected with her conver- sations with Mrs. G. more particularly, I am led to form a high opinion of that interesting institution, over which you preside, and hope that you will feel encouraged still to persevere in your labors of love. Rest assured, my dear sir, that the blessings of many of these unfortunate children and youth, who were ready to perish, will come upon you, and that your instructions and councils are neither forgotten nor disregarded, by many of them, though re- moved from your watch and care. Yours, very sincerely, (Signed) W. G. March 28tli, 1828. A- E- F-, from the Commissioners, aged, she thinks, twelve years the fourth of July last ; born in B-, of Irish parents. Her father, she says, was first partner and then foreman, to Mr. M'Q., the founder in D- street ; but a few months since Avent to the state of O. Her mother, she says, used to drink so hard, that her father . left her, and she then went to live in A. street. This child went to live with a married sister, Mrs- N-, in C. street, but was taken ill and went to Trenton. When this child went to live with Mrs- H., in Y. street, near A. street, she says her step-sister, T- B-, had her sent here, for going out and staying with different boys, about four- teen and fifteen years of age, in new buildings, at different times. She says that Mrs- H's daughter M- persuaded her to do so, and she used to go also ; and the boys would purchase cakes and apples for them — they used to carry on badly in the streets- Enters Eighth Class- March 27 — she was indentured to the Hon- L- E-, of D., S. Co., New-York. December ^th — Senator E-, with his lady, called on us this after- noon : they speak highly of A-, saying she is a good girl, and they are much pleased with her- August 25, 1828. M. H-, from the Commissioners, aged twelve years last spring; born in B-, New- York, of English parents- Her father, J- H., put an end to his existence, in A- M- has no sister living, but five brothers — the mother resides in T- street, takes in washing and goes out to labor by the day- This little girl has been three years in bad practices, by going with boys, in other girls' company first — speaks of many of the same age and practices, then by degrees with larger boys. As small as she is, and as young as she appears, she has been in the practice of receiving men's company for more than a year. In her time she has been very active and successful in winning other little girls from the paths of virtue- Had finally taken a room with Mrs. 172 H., in T. street — frequently attended theatres, circuses, &C', La Fayette and Mount Pit- Enters Third Class- Since M's residence in the House, there has been an astonishing change. For nearly four months past, she has evinced the sweetest Christian spirit, mild and meek, quiet and kind ; often seen to weep under religious exercises, but never discovered to show any fruits of her former life — is one of the most industrious and trusty of her class ; and when a sufficient length of time shall have elapsed, for her to be settled and grounded in the way she should go, we trust to have the pleasure of transplanting this hopeful child into some eoil that will be congenial to her future prosperity and usefulness- REPORT OF THE LADIES' COMMITTEE. The Ladies' Committee to the Female Department of the House of Refuge, respectfully Report : That we have great satisfaction in finding ourselves able to communicate information respecting our truly excellent institution, which must be very acceptable. Where there are so many abandoned and profligate young per- sons, daily entering this establishment, it must be expected that some among them will be refractory, and occasion vexation and trouble ; yet these are not numerous- Within the last year we have heard few complaints from the Matron- Two or three of the girls have not behaved so well- Their improper conduct may probably be, in some measure, attributed to the nearness of a store-room, by which the boys have access to the baking room of the girls- Here they can communicate to each other and contrive mischief, only a thin partition separates them. We are glad to learn that the di- rectors of the institution have in contemplation to turn this store room into an eating hall for the boys, whei'e they will only be ad- mitted at meal tine- In our opinion they should be kept out of view of each other — it is certainly the best plan, and most likely to keep them orderly and well behaved- The Female Committee have not been unmindful of the sugges- tions of the Indenturing Committee, in respect to the selection and recommendation of girls to be apprenticed. Four are now, in the opinion of the Ladies' Committee, qualified, by their general good conduct, to give satisfaction, in any family in which they may be placed. At the same time, we would observe, that it is most desi- rable that these children should be sent to some distance from the city, where they would not be likely to meet their former bad asso- ciates. The Ladies' Committee have held their montlily and weekly meetings, without intermission, even in stormy weather. They have constantly visited the House of Refuge, inspected the apartments, heard recitations from the Scriptures, and attended to the different lessons in which the children were engaged : most of them have improved satisfactorily, and give promise, under the advantages of religious education which the House of Refuge affords, that they may become worthy members of society, and repay the friends of tlie institution, the expense, trouble, and anxiety they have under* 173 In our monthly reports, every particular, in regard to these chil- dren, is given with great exactness. We now only add, that we shall continue our visits, with unabated zeal. We have daily more reason to think this institution is going on well, and that it is doing much good in the community. The beneficial eflects of the estab- lishment must and will be continually seen. Under the influence of this humane institution, vice will forsake its wonted haunts, and virtue find votaries in those who were depraved — Praise be to God! through the perseverance of a few benevolent persons so much has been effected. We have nothing further to add, but to assure the Directors of the House of Refuge, that we desire not to weary in our efforts to aid them every way in our power. ISABELLA BULOID, First Directress. MARIA GOLDEN, Second Directress. CHARLOTTE L. FOX, Treasurer. SARAH C. HAWXHURST, Secretary. ZKCanagers. Almy Cornell, Rebecca M'Comb, Martha Willis, Anna Warner, Maria Hyde, Phebe Mott, Deborah L. Embree, Esther Seymotir, Margaret Prior, Margaret Beers. December, 29th, 1 828. REPORT OF WORK DONE BY THE FEMALES. A statement of the work performed by the Female subjects in the House of Refuge, from December first 1827, to the first of Decem- ber 1828, inclusive, viz: Reeling two hundred and seventy thousand skeins of cot- ton yarn 270,000 Shirts made 482 Stockings run in the heels, pairs - - - - 250 Ravens Duck Pantaloons made - - - - 114 Spreads for Cells 113 Woolen Pantaloons - - - - - - 59 Woolen .Jackets 52 Sheets for Cells made ------ 80 Sheets for Hospital - - - - - - 10 White Van Dykes made 79 Calico do. do. ------ 9 Calico Frocks .-...-. g Gingham do. ----..-81 Chemises made ------- 54 Brown Aprons --67 Brown Aprons for Boys ----- 6 Night Caps 66 Night Gowns 1^ White Aprons -- 15 Jackets - - - - - - - - 30 Brown Towels - - 5.3 Brown Rollers 20 Pillow Cases - - 26 174 Bed Ticks 50 Mattresses ------ -.17 Carpeting, yards of - 65J Quilts for Hospital 10 Blankets mended -------62 Bed Ticks mended 30 The number of stockings mended were so numerous, that to have kept an account of them would have proved tedious. Washing and baking, are two branches of no inconsiderable im- portance. The washing on an average has during the year, amount- ed to about eight hundred pieces per week, and the mending of the same. In addition to the above estimate of work there is to be considered all tlie domestic work relative to themselves, and the keeping in order the female department, viz : cooking, mending for themselves, cleaning house, &c. &.c. of which there cannot be a minute account given. WORK DONE BY THE BOYS. BRASS NAIL MANUFACTORY. Of assorted sizes, 15,600 M. which averages 300 thousand per week. CHAIR BOTTOM MANUFACTORY. Cane chair bottoms, 10,844, or 907 dozen. It will be understood that the cane is dressed, and the frames for the seats made by the boys. WILLOW WORKERS. Have covered 200 3 Gallon Demijohns " 500 2 do. do. " 700 1 do, do. " 400 I do. do. " 350 quart do. BRUSH MANUFACTORY. 1000 dozen Shoe Brushes. 250 dozen Hair Brushes. 250 dozen Cloth Brushes. 200 dozen Tooth Brushes. 50 dozen Hatters' Brushes. 250 dozen Scrubbing Brushes. 60 dozen Crumb Brushes. 2000 weight Bristles, assorted and combed. 500 pound Bristles picked. 1000 weight Bristles washed and bleached. carpenters' shop. Soap boxes, for Shipping - - . 12,407 Windsor do. 1,722 Large brown do. 2,529 Candle do. 1,842 18,600 SHOE SHOP. Cacks 1,500 Pumps - 500 For domestic use 450 175 tailors' shop. 150 Suits, jacket and trovvsers for winter. 400 pairs canvass trowsers for summer. 50 Caps. STATEMENTS. Subjects. There were in the house when the last report was made, 161 Of those previously disposed of, there have been returned 17 Received during the past year - - - - - 159 Of whom there have been indentured Escapes - - - - . Returned to friends ... Returned to the Aims-House Of age . - . . . Now in the House ... 337 148 6 13 2 7 161 The number of subjects received into the House of Re- fuge since our last report as above - - - . Committed by the following authorities, viz ; -337 159 Commissioners 98 Police - . . 45 New- York Sessions 8 Brooklyn Sessions - 3 Albany Sessions 2 Utica Sessions 1 Newburgh Sessions ' 1 Schoharie Oyer and Terminer 1 159 Of the above number, ninety-three are foreigners, or the chil- dren of foreigners, and the remaining sixty-six are of American parentage. SUMMARY. Inden- Esca- Returned Reiur'd Of tured ped to friends toA.H. age. 1828. January, 5 1 2 - 2 February, March, 2 11 1 — — 1 April, May, June, 24 24 19 2 3 1 1 1 1 July, 8 - 2 - - August, September, October, 1 16 20 - - V 2 November, 12 2 - - December, 6 - 1 - 148 6 1 13 2 7 1 tot, 176 176 MEMORIAL. To the Honorable the Legislature of the State of New- York. The Memorial of the Managers of the Society for the reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, respectfully sheweth, That your memorialists have seen, with deep concern and re- gret, a remonstrance addressed to your honorable body, purporting to be from shipmasters, mariners and citizens of the city of New- York, against the appropriation made by law towards the support of the House of Refuge, of a part of the moneys collected by the commissioners of health. Your memorialists will not doubt but that the authors of the re- monstrance are actuated by the best motives, nor question the sin- cerity of their declaration, that they are not "hostile to any char- itable institution;" neither will your memoi'ialists presume to say, that by the remonstrance, facts are intentionally misrepresented ; yet it is certain the language the shipmasters, mai'iners and citizens have adopted, is calculated to mislead the Legislature, and to create a prejudice in the public mind against an establishment which the late Governor, in his message to the Legislature, in eighteen hun- dred and twenty-six, characterised as "the best penitentiary in- stitution ever devised by the wit, and established by the beneficence of man." In adverting to the law creating the fund, a part of which is ap- propriated to the House of Refuge, the remonstrance could not avoid disclosing, that it was collected as well from passengers as from mariners; yet, in the zeal of their remonstrance, this impor- tant fact is entirely overlooked, and the injustice of a diversion of any part of the moneys collected by the commissioners of health to any other purpose than the immediate benefit of mariners, is ur- ged on the ground of the fund being "wholly earned by them, in their arduous profession. If it be meant by the remonstrance, that the money collected from passengers, as well as that which is paid by mariners, is earned by the latter because the passengers in ques- tion arrive here by sea ; then seamen might, with equal propriety, claim a particular interest in the public funds derived from duties on importations in the ships they navigate. Soon after the law of eighteen hundred and twenty-six, relative to this subject, was passed, the managers received, under an order from the late Governor, nineteen thousand dollars out of a surplus then in the hands of the commissioners. This sum was applied to the extensive buildings erected by the society, owing in some meas- ure to the house having been opened by a late law, to the Juvenile convicts of all the counties in the State, the number of delinquents it would be proper to receive has so far increased, that an addition to the building has become necessary. — To meet the expense of an enlargement of the establishment, the managers obtained from the late Governor an order for a further appropriation of seven thou- sand dollars, from any surplus the commissioners might find in their hands. Of this appropriation the managers have received no more than two thousand dollars. Soon after the law, giving the Managers a claim on the surplus of the Hospital fund, was passed, they entered into an arrangement with the Health Commissioners, to receive from them at the rate 177 of eight thousand dollars a year, which the Managers calculated would be sufficient for the support of the House of Refuge, as it is at present established ; and the Commissioners estimated that the Managers might be allowed this sum, and ample funds be left, not only for the support of the Marine Hospital, but to meet all the expense of the very extensive additions and improvements which the Commissioners are making at the establishment on Staten Island. The Managers have received nothing more from the Commis- sioners of Health than what is above mentioned : and to show how far the eight thousand dollars a year, which, under the present ar- rangement the Managers are to receive, will be from encroaching on the contributions of mariners, your memorialists beg leave to submit the following statement: — There was received, during the last year, as appears from the Custora-House books, From 1465 captains and mates, • - - - ^1297 50 From 13,750 seamen, - - - . '- 13750 00 From coasters, 3199 50 Making the whole amount received from mari- ners, 19,147 00 During the same time, there was received from passengers, ------. 17,747 26 Making the whole receipts for the year 1827, - ^36,894 26 From which deduct for the House of Refuge, - 8000 00 And there will be left for the use of the Marine Hospital, |28,894 26 Whereas the contributions of mariners have been, as above stated, only, - - . . 19,147 26 Leaving, $9747 00 More than was contributed the last year by mariners. There is every reason to believe, that the proportion of the hos- pital fund, which will be contributed by passengers, will be greater than it was last year. The receipts for the current year from passengers have been more than they were in the corresponding months of the last sea- son, and the information from Europe is, that the emigrations from thence will be this year greater than they have been. The sums collected by the health commissioners are not only sufficient for the support of the marine hospital, and to affiDrd to the House of Refuge all it requires, but will enable the commis- sioners, from the surplus, to establish a fund to meet contingencies, and pay the expenses of further improvements. The ordinary expenses of the hospital are, as your memorialists have been informed and believe, less than seventeen thousand dol- lars a year, so that however pathetic the appeal of the remonstrance in favor of mariners may be, it is obvious, that it was not required by the occasion, nor was the expression of an opinion that an ap- plication of the earning of mariners, otherwise than for their bene- fit, would be unjust, (from which, it is probable, no one would dis- 23 178 sent,) called for by any circumstances connected with the subject under consideration. It is ascertained, that by far the greater part of the collections made from passengers, are paid by foreigners, who arrive in this state from different parts of the world. Your memorialists most readily admit, that not only a liberal support should be allowed out of the hospital fund for the Marine Hospital, but that ample provision should also be reserved for contingencies. For all this the law has provided. But when this is done, your memorialists respectfully submit that there could not be a more just or reason- able appropriation of the surplus arising from the contributions of foreign passengers, than to the support of juvenile delinquents, a large proportion of whom are children of emigrants. When the last annual report of the Managers was made (with a copy of which the members of the legislature have been furnished, and to which your memorialists pray leave to refer) the Avholc number of subjects received into the House of Refuge from the commencement of its operations, was three hundred and seventy- seven, of these, one hundred and forty-nine were the children of foreigners. The Managers forbear, on this occasion, to urge the advantages or merits of the establishment under their care. This has been done at the several times when the legislature has been induced to extend to the institution its patronage and support. The House of Refuge has more than realized the most sanguine anticipations of its founders and friends. Its benefits are not only felt in our own community, but the influence of its example is extending to every part of the Union, and even to foreign countries. The prin- ciples on which it is founded, its management, and the advantages resulting from its operations, have been the theme of the most en- lightened jurists and philanthropists, both abroad and at home. Whenever it shall be thought more politic and humane to prevent crime than to punish criminals, asylums for the protection and reformation of juvenile delinquents, must find advocates. In sev- eral stales, similar establishments are forming Avholly at the pub- lic expense. The House of Refuge in New-York, grew from, and was for some time supported by, private contributions, which have amounted to more than twenty thousand dollars. But so extensive an establishment can not be maintained at the cost of individuals, and is utterly incapable of supporting itself. If the appropriations made for this object be withdrawn, and no adequate revenue be substituted, the institution must be abandoned. The hundreds of children who have found refuge in this asylum, must be again turned upon society, to pursue a course which must bring them again to the bars of our criminal courts, from thence to be sent to our penitentiaries and state prisons, there to be main- tained as irreclaimable criminals at a greater expense to the state, than would be required to continue the support of an institution in which they may receive moral and religious instruction, acquire habits of industry, be reformed, and made useful members of society. The Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, can have no other interest in the establishment of which they have charge, than that which ship-masters, mariners, 179 and every citizen ought to feel. Your memorialists, therefore, can have no other prayer, than that you will duly consider the impor- tance of the institution, its situation, the consequences of its being abandoned, and that you may do what is right. By order of the Board of Managers, CADWALLADER D. GOLDEN, President. New-York, April, 1828. LETTER TO THE MASTERS. House of Refuge^ JS'ew- York^ 1 82 The Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents. To Sir, We have consented to bind one of the children under our care in the House of Refuge, to you as an apprentice, pursuant to powers given to us by an act of the Legislature of this state. We should not have done this, had not our inquiries, as to your character, induced us to believe, that your example, and your treatment of this young person will be such as may tend to per- fect the moral reformation, we have reason to hope, he has expe- rienced since he has been in the asylum under our charge. Great pains are taken to impress on the children, committed to the House of Refuge, a love of truth, to give them religious in- struction, habits of order and industry, and to teach them to be respectful and obedient. We have found from experience, that this may be done by a steady and firm conduct, not incompatible with great kindness. We are persuaded that most children may be more easily, and more effectually, governed by proper appeals to their mental feelings, than by corporal punishments, and that where these are inflicted frequently and with severity, it oftener marks a want of sense or humanity, on the one part, than demerit on the other. We hope the s)-stem we pursue, will have had an effect on the child you will receive from us, which will render him useful to you, and contribute to make him a worthy member of society, when his connection with you shall cease. But this can not be expected, unless you, to whose care he will now be committed, interest yourself in his welfare. It has not been concealed from you, and ought not to be forgot- ten, that this child has been a delinquent. We beg, therefore, to remind you that conduct may require more attention than might be thought necessary to one who had never been led from the paths of virtue. Should your kindness and care redeem this child, and make religious, moral, and industrious, you will participate with us in those feelings, which must result from the reflection that we may have contributed to the temporal and eter- nal happiness of a fellow-being. It will be very satisfactory to us, to receive from you, from time to time, an account of the conduct of this young person. This is desirable not only as respects the individual, but should bc« 180 have, as we hope will, your favorable report will be service- able to our Institution. We wish you would encourage to write occasionly to our superintendent. We are happy to say, that the accounts we have had of, and from the children, we have bound out, have been, except in a very few instances, highly satis- factory. When the child's service has expired, it is desirable that should receive from you a certificate, which may express your opinion of conduct Avhile was under your care. With a hope that you may find in your apprentice a worthy and useful servant, and he in you an able instructer and kind master, and with our best wishes for and your happiness and pros- perity, we commit to your care. By order and in behalf of the Board of Managers, Superintendent. LETTER TO THE APPRENTICE. House of Refuge^ JVew-York^ 182 The Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile DeHnquents, To You are about to leave the House of Refuge. You will be bound as an apprentice to a person, who, the Managers believe, will pro- vide for you, instruct you, and if you behave well, treat you with kindness. We should not have consented to part with you at this time, had not your conduct given us reason to hope, that the religious and moral instruction you have received, since you have been under our care, have disposed you to lead an honest, industrious, and so- ber life. You are now of an age when you are capable of distin- guishing between virtue and vice ; you have had experience that must teach you, that if you are good you may be happy, if you are bad you must be miserable. You can not but have perceived how much your welfare depends upon yourself, and upon the observ- ance of the precepts you have seen inculcated with so much pains by your preceptors in the House of Refuge. Among these are the following : — You are always to tell the truth. You are to be obe- dient to those under whose care you are placed, doing your duty as well as you know how, industriously and cheerfully. You are to be civil and respectful in your manners, and to avoid all bad lan- guage. You will find time that you may employ, not only in reli- gious reading and exercises, but in improving your mind, and in acquiring such learning as may be useful to you. If you mean to be a good and respectable man, you will not fail to avail yourself of these opportunities. Do not be discouraged by what has happened from striving to raise yourself to a respectable station in the world. If your life be hereafter exemplary, the errors of your infancy will be forgiven or forgotten. In our happy country, every honest man may claim the rewards he merits. Many of our most distinguished citizens have been the makers of their own fortunes, and in their childhood Were as poor and unprotected as you have been. There is no reason why you, if you pursue the course they have done, may not 181 command the same good fortune. At all events, you may be sure, that if you make yourself master of your business, arc diligent in your calling, establish a character, for truth, honesty, industry, and sobriety, you can not fail to obtain a comfortable living, and to be beloved and respected. Look at those you have seen in poverty, and observe those you will hereafter meet with, who are in want: you will generally, if not always, find, that they owe their condi- tion to bad company, to idleness, and intemperance, which notonly debase the individual, but often make all who have the misfortune to be connected with him, unhappy and ashamed to acknowledge any relationship. When you see a man, and particularly a young man, frequenting bad company, given to drink, and using profane language ; when you see that he neglects his business, is wasting his time, and taking no pains to learn, you may be sure he is in the road to ruin ; he has no chance to be reputable ; he can hope for nothing but to live all his days from hand to mouth, and to earn by mean and hard bodily labor, enough to keep himself alive, and if he should have a family, to save them from starving. On the other hand, if you see a young man attentive to his business, passing his leisure time so- berly, but cheerfully, with companions of whom he need not be ashamed ; if he loses no opportunity of gaining religious and moral instruction, and is obedient and civil in his manners, you may be sure that when left to make his own way in the world, he Avill al- ways be'beforehand. Instead of leading a life of continual toil and hardship, and of reliance on his daily labor for his daily bread, he will become independent and happy, and may have around him a family and friends who will esteem and respect him, and be proud of their connection with one who is so deserving. You well know the evil consequences of bad company : there is nothing as to which you ought to be more on your guard. You ought particularly to avoid those with whom you associated before you was placed in the House of Refuge. That you may not be again tempted by these, you should not be too anxious to^return to this city, and put yourself in a situation where you may meet with them. When your time of service is out, and you become your own master, you may have a better chance of success in the world, if you will establish yourself where you will have no friends but those you may hereafter make by your good con- duct, and where the history of your early life is unknown. It will always be gratifying to us to hear of your welfare. We shall be pleased to learn that you preserve and often read this letter. We wish you occasionally to write to our Superintendent ; you will always find in him, and in us, friends ready to advise and to serve you. Committing you to the protection of Providence, and to the care of your master, and repeating our admonition to you, to be reli- gious, to love the truth, to be sober and industrious, and to avoid bad company, we bid you farewell. By order and in behalf of the Board of Managers, Superintendent. 182 <5 ^ Co so -g = . f^l. CO o o o or) 5 CO I-' CI o o o 0) o o CO CO .2 : "o.s s So? Q>^ ^^^ S O o a ■" •So ^ ri *-* .3 S o m'^ ^ CUTS •" — ^ til = "^ « - -^ o N c; 'Z; .02 El S . -S I] CD t- o - — en -a QJ C CD -^ 2 ,> QJ o :^ S a -J4 pacQ 0) Q 2 ci- ifi •= ti> ^ ■S. 1^ .2 1 "3 O S •- 'rS'S. B „- S -tt o S £ 2 ^ h-< o S S S aWa ."1^ ►* cs m ^ b o 9 5»- a oj ^2qO oX-a ra t:^ ~ -5 ^ U P "1 !- y n M en CQ —> Ci '-1 ^ 00 (H o 01 - CO . CI . 00 c >-" a 03 a ■^^Sh? i-H nj i-s 1> 00 CO CO i^ CI Oi d CO l^CO J> 0> fO — 1 '-' O Cicri ■^ CO CD I-H O ^ J^ O Ol t^ "^ en rf O TT r- CO Tf Oi TT O l-» !>■ CO »0 CO to ■^ O UD o CO Tf •^ 1> ^ r-l CO r-1 CO CO €©= ^ : Ph P3 -2 • 2 :s^< "J &< o o EETTERS JProm Apprentices, and from Persons to whom Apprentices have been bound. BOYS. A. B., the son of a dissolute mother and a runaway father, — was bound out from the Ahus-House, discharged by his master, and in a few months changed his place of service in this city five or six times. This course led to idle and reckless habits ; visiting Thea- tres, and petty thefts followed, and he came into the Refuge, with a peevish and sullen disposition and only able to spell words of one syllable. This is one of the cases in Avhich the efficacy of a mild, firm and regular system of instruction, was soon made apparent by bringing out the "good qualities of the lad. He was indentured 195 in October, 1828. August 12, 1829, his master writes as follows: — " For the most part A. is a very good boy, and certainly we would not part Avith him for any consideration. He is generally faithful and steady at his work, which consists in tending my gar- den, &c. When he gets older, I shall put him on the farm and in- struct him in all the branches of the profession, provided he proves a good boy, stays with me till he is 21, is smart and industrious, and looks to ray interest as to his own, he shall never be turned off with no more than is mentioned in his indentures. I have it in my power to do as much for him as any man in this part of the coun- try; having no children of my own and two good farms, either of which I shall be glad for him to manage after he is 21, and in a way that he shall find profitable. In fine, it is my design to make a smart business man of him, and to this end he shall have a good education. He is not suflered to spend the Sabbath day as some other boys in this place and elsewhere do, in strolling from place to place, hunting, fishing, swimming, &c. : but on such days he is generally found with his spelling book or testament, reading to me or my wife, or to himself. In fine, I shall spare no pains to make a good and respectable citizen of him, and if he does not do well, his blood shall not be upon my hands." In another letter he says — " I have always found him remarkably quick and willing to do whatever I command him, and perhaps no boy of his age has proved himself more trusty and faithful when left alone, &c. He often speaks of Mr. Hart, and F think views him almost in the relation of a father, though nothing will cause him to shed tears sooner than to talk of sending him back again to the House of Refuge, &c. I have taken the special charge of his education, 12,500 Windsor do. ----- 1,550 Large brown do. ----- 4,000 Candle do. 2,500 20,550 tailors' shop. By the girls, 250 Suits, jacket and trowsers for winter use. Bv the boys, 100 ) „_„ . , . T>'' ,1 • 1 ntrv f" 350 pairs canvass trowsers for summer. By the girls, 250 ^ '■ By the boys, 150 Cloth Hats or Caps for boys. DRUGS PREPARED FOR APOTHECARIES. 400 pounds roots cut up. 180 pounds Gum broken up. CABINET SHOP. 600 Cradle Bottoms, for willow cradles. 600 Wagon do, do. do. 800 pair Cherry Rockers. 600 pair pine Rockers. 1 dozen Wash Stands. 3 dozen Pine Tables. 10 dozen Safes, (wire) 20 dozen Wassh Boards. 200 pair small Rockers, for toy cradles, 20 dozen Spitting Boxes. 2 dozen Knife Boards. 6 dozen Paste Boards. 3 dozen Wash Benches. 40 dozen Bottoms for willow chairs. 40 dozen Tables for do. 12 dozen Knife Boxes. 200 Segar Boxes. 4 dozen Foot Benches. 6 dozen Boot Jacks. 12 dozen Step Ladders. 6 dozen Clothes Horses. 206 OTHER WORK DONE BY THE BOYS AND GIRLS. Tilling the grounds ; working in the gardens. All the cooking for the Male House, has been done by t-ie boys, except the baking ; that is done by the girls. The boys whitewash and cleanse their own apartments ; mend the greater part of their own clothes, save their shirts and stockings. The girls make and mend all the shirts; knit a part, and mend all the stockings. The girls do all the washing for the whole establishment, which is said to be eight hundred pieces per week. The girls make and mend all their own clothes, and in some instances, they have become quite decent mantuamakers in making their plain garments. STATEMENTS. Subjects. There were in the house when the last report was made, 161 Of those previously disposed of, there have been returned 26 Former escape, returned, ...--- l Received during the past year - - - - - 154 342 Of whom there have been indentured - - - l48 Escapes -.--_.-- 8 Returned to friends ------ 12 Returned to the Aims-House _ . - - 3 Of age -------- 6 Now in the House - - - - - -166 342 Of the 26 returned, 7 came to the House for protection, having been unfortunately situated. One was a little girl 7 years of age, and proved too small for the purposes for which she was wanted. Two in consequence of indisposition. The number of subjects received into the House of Re- fuge since our last report as above - - . - 154 Committed by the following authorities, viz : Commissioners - - 76 Police . - - - 33 New-York Sessions - 15 Brooklyn Sessions - - 6 Albany Sessions - - 11 Monroe Sessions - - 4 Washington County Sessions 2 Green County Sessions - I Rensselaer County Sessions 1 Tompkins co. Oyer and Terminer 1 Orange County Sessions 1 "Westchester Sessions - I Dutchess County Sessions 1 154 Of the above number, eighty-five are foreigners, or the chil- dren of foreigners, and the remaining sixty-nine arc of American parentage. 207 COrHTRIES OF FOREIGNERS, OR CHILDREN OF FORIIGNERS. Ireland 47, Scotland 2, England 24, France 1, Spain 1, Germany 4, Wales 1, Italy 1. STATES OF AMERICA PARENTS OR CHILDREN OF DITTO. Massachusetts 2, Connecticut 2, New-York 54, New-Jersey 9, Pennsylvania 1, Maryland 1. The ages of the Children received into the Refuge since it was opened on 1st January, 1825, to 1st January, 1830. Years of age. - - 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1825 to 1826, 1 1 2 4 5 6 6 13 14 7 5 1 1 to 1827, 1 4 7 4 6 9 20 25 10 11 5 9 3 to 1828, 4 8 13 14 13 16 11 12 8 4 1 to 1829, 3 5 11 12 18 13 32 12 11 5 to 1830, 3 10 7| 17 6 25 23 10 5 1 2 1 GIRLS. 18?5 to 1826, 1 1 2 4 3 4 to 1827, 3 2 4 3 4 5 6 7 to 1828, 1 1 4 5 7 6 5 9 3 to 1829, 3 3 1 3 7 10 3 5 5 3 to 1830, 2 4 2 4 4 5 5 10 4 1 Classification of the Children received into the House of Refuge since it was opened on 1st January, 1825, to 1st January, 1830, in literary improvement. BOYS. GIRLS. Class, - - 1 '1\ 3 4| 5 6 7| 8 9 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8| 9 from 1825 to 1826, 6 5 24 2 16 10 1 1 I 3 6 5 1 to 1827, 10 9 13 15 19 10 13 21 4 6 6 8 5 2 4 3 1 to 1828, 9 11 9 7 12 8 25 19 4 3 5 3 4 6 3 17 to 1829, 10 10 12 7 7 8l38 26 4 1 5 5 7 4 2 51 3 8 4 to 1830, 6 10 20 10 9 13 20 16 6 1 6 3 5 5 7 1 6 7 1 SCHOOL REPORT. The School was re-organized 1st January, 1829. The following Tables are designed to show the improvement of the children, for the past year, and embrace as well those that were in the House at the period of re-organization, as those received du- ring the past year. Of those who entered the following reading classes, there have been promoted from the 1st to the 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 3 4 3 1 1 2d 8 8 4 1 1 3d 14 8 10 2 4th - . 16 9 8 6th - . 16 8 6th . . - 16 5 7th - . . . . 40 4 8th . . . . . . 28 3ci, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th 12 12 2 27 24 4 - 16 6 20 4 . - 12 - - 9 2 - • • 5 3 . . . - 5 208 Of those who entered the Arithmetic classes, there have been promoted from the Combination, 1st to the 2d, ' 20 Addition, 2d Subtraction, 3d - - Multiplicat'n, 4th Division, 5th Comp. Rules, 6th Reduction, 7th Rl. of Three, 8th In the ninth class there are twenty-nine children* who read His- tory and study Geography. Fifty-two write on paper ; 114 write on slates. "With this exhibit of the improvement of the children, the teach- er would remark, that the regular and stated employment of the children, eight hours per day, does not appear in any wise to mili- tate against as successful a prosecution of their studies during the time allotted them, as is observed in our Public Schools. The Sabbath School is also under the sole care of the teacher, and it is gratifying to say, the attention given to the reading and searching the Holy Scriptures, affords reason to hope, that many of our children will hereafter (as many already have) date their acquaintance with that " salvation" which is no where taught save in the " lively oracles," to Sabbath School instruction received in the House of Refuge. It appears due in this place to advert, with thankfulness, to the very liberal donations which have been made from time to time, by the Young Men's Bible Society of New-York, Auxiliary to the American Bible Society ; nor should the monthly visits of the friends of Sabbath Schools, who are careful to present us with their monthly rewards, for the encouragement of such children as are diligent in searching the Scriptures, be forgotten. The number of children received into the Refuge, since it was opened, 1st January, 1825, to 1st January, 1830, that have been in places of confinement, viz : In Bridewell, Prisons, Penitentiaries, &c. &c., and the length of time they were confined, before being sent to the Refuge. Bridewell. — 47 have been in once, 23 twice, 11 three times, 3 four times, 5 five times, and 1 ten times. Penitentiary. — 13 have been in six months, 3 twelve months, 4 eighteen months, 1 thirty months, 2 thirty-six months. State Prison. — 1. Character of the Parents of Children received into the Refuge. Parents been in Bridewell, 25 ; Penitentiary, 6 ; State's Prison, 2; Intemperate, 401 ; Houses of 111 Fame, 9; Parents allow chil- dren to steal, 8 ; Pa.rents receiving the avails of stealing, 8. * This exhibits the state of the schools, male and female. 209 Statement of the ages of the Children now in the House of Hefuge, up to 3lst December, 1829. Boys. — 1 eight years, 2 nine, 6 ten, 14 eleven, 16 twelve, 19 thirteen, 25 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 21 sixteen, 6 seventeen, 3 eighteen. Girls. — 1 eight years, 2 nine, 4 eleven, 1 twelve, 6 thirteen, 7 fourteen, 8 fifteen, 5 sixteen, 4 seventeen. Since the opening of the House there have been received, 690.- Of whom there have been indentured, Boys, - - 326 Girls, ■* - 92 418 Of the above there have returned, 17 401 Returned to friends. Boys, • . - 34 Girls, - » 17 61 Returned to Commissioners, Boys, 3 Girls, 14 17 Of Age, Boys, 6 Girls, 18 24 Deceased, Boys, 1 Sea Service, Boys, 14 Escaped permanently. Boys, 15 i Girls, 1 16 Now in the House, Boys, - 128 Girls, - 38 166 690 S7 210 c from 1825 to 1826. from 1826 to 1827. from 1827 to 1828. from 1828 to 1829. from 1829 to 1830. OS ^ 00 ►— CO tot O 00 09 Farmer. OS K) — 8hoe Maker. tot fO N3 Blacksmith. ►- -- to Chair Maker. H> Brush Maker. »B »0 <-■ Tailor, ^ ^ ^ Hatter. Potter. ^ Silversmith. ^ Carver. N5 to '— Tinman. ^ Fuinp and Block Maker. ^ brass Founder. to K3 1- '1 anner and Currier. JO i-. Wheelwright. to Carpenter. !-.►_.-. Cabinet Maker. !_. — — " Printer. to Comb Maker. 00 Miller. •-» Baker. to t- to Paper Maker. H_ Boat Builder. t-" Glass Blower. V- Mason. K, fiugar Mak-!. 1- JO Cloth Manulactory. Ci ^ to CO >- KeturneJ to Parents. .^ _ 1— I To Commissioners. h- _ ^ Of A CD to )tk o OS 00 o Summary. 211 TO WHAT TRADE OR BUSINESS — GIRLS INDENTURED. YEARS. :n s o Q 1 1 Si "a Returned to Parents and Friends. TO s o • < o Total. from 1825 to 1826. 4 1 1 6 from 1826 to 1827. 8 1 3 12 from 1827 to 1828. 20 1 3 8 C 38 from 1828 to 1829. 34 1 1 8 1 3 48 from 1829 to 1830. 23 6 3 5 37 141 IN WHAT STATES INDENTURED. Boys. Girls. « en 1 CO O >-< c S3 3 . 1 3 H i-s IB « >r ^ >> YEARS. > a & c u u ^ ^ S i c o 1/1 (U o o K> >b •a v^ o o •s 2U * NOTE 1 — Upon Tax on Tavern Licences, and Theatres. It will be noticed in the preceding statistics, how large a pro- portion of the Parents of children sent to the Refuge, are Intem,' per ate : more than one Afl//of the whole number : viz. of 690 chil- dren received, 401 of their parents drink ardent spirits to excess. The examination and histories of the children, furnish the melan- choly fact, that upwards of 150 children of both sexes, commenced stealing, and other vices, for the purpose of being furnished with the means to frequent Theatres, and to obtain Rum. — There are now two children in the Refuge, (of the ages of 12 and 14 years,) who were previous to being sent there, in the daily practice of drinking from 8 to 12 glasses of rum or whiskey, and one of them has drunk a quart of ardent spirits in a day, when they v.ere suc- cessful in pilfering property, which could be exchanged for it, or which they could sell for the value of 20 to 30 cents. t NOTE 2 — In relation to the balance of Funds on hand. The Building at the Refuge, appropriated for the Boys, has 128 Dormitories, or sleeping rooms. It will be noticed in the "Weekly Report of the number of boys in the House," that a larger num- ber has constantly been in the Institution during the past year, than could be accomodated with separate sleeping cells, (an object very important in the system of Reformation,) and that from 6 to 20 of the smaller Boys, have been compelled to sleep upon the floors of the School-hall, (for the want of additional accommoda- tions,) which is very unsafe, inconvenient and unhealthy. At sev- eral periods, during the past year, the managers were obliged (reluctantly) to notify the police and commissioners of the Alms House, to withhold sending Boys to the Refuge, not having accom- modations for them. The interest of the Institution requires an additional building, for sleeping apartments, an eating room, and bake house. And. the managers have authorised their Acting Com- mittee to contract for the erection of a building, to connect the two present houses, which will furnish accomodations for KiO more Boys. The Building will probably be ready to be occupied by the 1st of May next, and will cost, furnished, (from estimates received) about 8000 Dollars: which will absorb all the funds now on hand, and the balance will have to be paid from the receipts of the year 1830. 215 Officers of the Societyr. CADWALLADER D. COLDEN, President. STEPHEN ALLEN, CORNELIUS DUBOIS, JOHN GRISCOM, HENRY I. WYCKOFF, JAMES LOVETT, PETER SHARPE, CORNELIUS DUBOIS, Treasurer. FREDERICK SHELDON, Secretary. JOHN STEARNS, M. D. ANSEL W. IVES, M. D. Vice Presidents. Physicians and Surgeons. House of Refugfe. NATHANIEL C. HART, Superintendent. RICHARD WYMOND, Assistant Superintendent. REBECCA ORAM, Matron. SARAH ANN ORAM, Assistant Matron. DAVID TERRY, Jun. Teacher. Indenturing Committee. ROBERT C. CORNELL, NATHANIEL RICHARDS, JAMES LOVETT. Acting Committee. WILLIAM W. FOX, MYNDERT VAN SCHAICK, RUFUS L. LORD, JOHN HUNTER, ROBERT D. WEEKS, FREDERICK A. TRACY, JACOB HARVEY. ZMEanagers. Ansel W. Ives, John Stearns, Jameb Lovett, M. Van Schaick, RuFUS L. Lord, Henry I. Wyckoff, William F. Mott, John W. Wyman, Robert C. Cornell, Hugh Maxwell, Samuel Wood, Cornelius Dubois, Dennis M'Carthy, Russel H. Nevins, William W. Fox, Ralph Olmsted, J. I. Roosevelt, Jun, Stephen Allen, Heman Averill, Arthur Burtis, C. D. CoLDEN, John Griscom, John Hunter, John E. Hyde, Jacob Harvey, Nath'l Richards, Fred'k Sheldon, Peter Sharpe, Frederick A. Tracy, Robert D. Weeks, William L. Stone. Ladies' Committee. Rebecca M'Comb, Isabella Buloid, Sophia Wyckoff, Phebe Mott, Ann Warner, Charlotte L. Fox, Deborah L. Embree, Sarah C. Hawxhurst, Almy Cornell, Maria L. Hyde, Margaret Beers, Martha Willis, Ann L. Mott, Esther Seymour. SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, &c. 1831. The Managers of the House of Refuge, proceed to lay before the " Society for the Reformation of Juve- nile Delinquents," the Sixth Annual Statement of the Institution committed to their charge. It would be an easy task for the Managers, at the present time, to extend their Report by a renewed, or an en- larged exposition of the nature and importance, of the system of Juvenile Reform, which has now been steadily prosecuted by them, throughout a period of six years. But, so fully have these points been illus- trated, by the early Reports and publications of the Society, and so distinctly were they recapitulated in the last Annual Report, that it is deemed to be alto- gether inexpedient, at the present time, to occupy the attention of the Society, or the public, with a rep- etition of these arguments. The minds of all those of our citizens, who have taken the trouble to read our Reports, and to examine, deliberately, the ques- tion of a Juvenile Penitentiary, distinct from that of adults, and governed in conformity to the clear dis- tinctions which separate the two classes of public offenders, will, we confidently believe, unite with one voice, in the importance of such a distinction. If there are any of our fellow citizens, whose judgment and character, claim for them an influence in the community, who have declined their assent, to the value of such an institution as ours, we venture to be- lieve, that they are among those who have never vis- ited our establishment, and examined the history of its inmates. It is no small satisfaction to the Managers, to be able to say, that the experience they have gained, in the knowledge of juvenile crime, and the causes which lead to it, have greatly tended to increase their convictions, of the humanity and necessity of such a charity. 217 They are not aware, that any of their anticipations have proved too sanguine — that any of those expec- tations, which, prior to the foundation of the Refuge, rested chiefly upon theoretic views, have been disap- pointed or defeated. There was nothing in the scheme, which suggested such a mode of relief, for some of the most alarming evils, which have proved to be of an impracticable nature. The incomparably greater influence of moral and religious treatment, over the minds and habits of the young, than in the case of adult criminals, has been amply confirmed. The prospect of being able to rescue hundreds of children and youth, of the finest natural endowments, from almost inevitable ruin, has been fully realised. The possibility of inculcating a love of literary improvement, and habits of industry and honesty, upon the idle and profligate, has been well established. The readiness with which even young boys can be taught mechanic arts, has been demonstrated in our work shops. The advantage of appropriating from two to four hours per day, to liter- ary instruction, has been manifest by the progress in spelling, reading, and writing, of many of the boys, who otherwise would have remained destitute of this knowledge, throughout their lives. The efl&cacy of religious instruction in meliorating the character, and changing the dispositions, of some of the most abandoned youth, has most clearly appeared, by their good conduct after leaving the Refuge, and by their grateful acknowledgements, that it had been to them, as an ark of safety, and a rescue from destruction. The short history of our establishment, has proved, that it is possible to convert juvenile thieves and va- grants, gamblers, and pick-pockets, the most profane and abandoned, into honest farmers, good sailors, ingenious and faithful mechanics. It has also proved, that a House of Refuge, while it effects these sal- utary changes in the character of its subjects, is nev- ertheless, a house of improvement. It has thus gained for itself, a name in the community, well known throughout the various ranks of juvenile depravity. Its name imposes a wholesome terror upon disobedi- ent and vicious youth; and it appears evident, to the 28 218 managers, from the small number of commitments which they now receive from the city police, and the Court of Sessions, compared with those of the Com- missioners of the Alms House, that the influence of the Refuge, is highly auspicious to the peace of the city, and the security of our dwellings. It is an in- stitution also, which with other concommitant cir- cumstances, enables its managers to trace to their earliest effects, the causes of those crimes, which in their punishment, occasion to the municipal and State governments, so heavy an expense of time, and labor, and taxation ; and it must be, by a judicious attention to facts, thus developed, that the criminal laws of a country, can be made to approximate the most nearly to a perfect system of prevention and cure. The Managers therefore, beg leave to invite the attention of the Society, as opportunities occur, to the record of cases on the books of the Refuge, a number which have been printed in the Annual Reports. They would earnestly invite all respectable citi- zens, who entertain doubts of the value of this insti- tution, to visit the Refuge, — to witness, on working days, the activity and ingenuity of the young mechan- ics — the order and economy of the table — the good con- dition of the School, and, on the Sabbath, the de- cency and devotion of the Chapel; and then seriously to inquire, whether it is possible, by any other mode, to lay the needful restraint upon the vicious propen- sities of young criminals, — of children, corrupted or abandoned by their parents, — to reform their habits, and to train them to usefulness and respectability. So obvious is the necessity, and so palpable the benefits of a reformatory for Juvenile delinquents, in every populous city. It is well known, that the prin- ciples upon which our House of Refuge is conducted, have been approved in all parts of the Union, and that similar establishments are now in operation in Boston and Philadelphia, and that humane individ- uals in Baltimore, have taken some steps for the erection of one in that city. Since the last Annual Report, the Managers have completed an additional building of stone, 120 feet by 38, and three stories high, which, besides other im- !J19 portant accommodations, affords 138 additional dor- mitories; and being constructed with a view to greater security than those previously in use, they are much better adapted to the nightly confinements of older and larger boys, and will thereby supply a want, which has long been felt. The Managers cannot well avoid again calling the attention of those who may favor this Report with a perusal, to the two most fertile sources of juvenile profligacy and crime — the Theatres and Grog Shops. Very (ew are the instances on their books, which do not go to demonstrate, that the earliest departure from honesty and filial duty, is immediately connected with, if it does not result from, the allurements of those two capital sources of ^'•public amusements.'''' They are emphatically, the Scylla and Charybdis of the current of life, to the youth of this metropolis. Could we ab- stract from the various incentives to evil which abound in the city, the vicious excitement produced by these places of resort; we know of nothing, which could be found as a substitute, that would be productive of half the amount of crime and misery which so evidently result from them. In the preceding remarks, we have endeavored to give a brief general view of the prosperous condition, and the moral effects of the Institution. But there are some points, respecting which, it will be necessary to descend more into particulars. The cause of elementary instruction, has been pros- ecuted as usual, in both departments of the Refuge, and with flattering success. The Sunday schools have likewise been continued, and, it is believed, with happy results. The course of religious and biblical instruction, which it is the primary object of Sunday schools to impart, may be counted first among the means of effecting a reformation of vicious youth. Among numbers of the inmates, there have been de- cided evidences, not only of outward reformation, but of sincere piety. And it is hoped that numerous others, who do not afford a confident hope of such a change, previously to their departure from the Refuge, will carry thence many precious lessons from the scriptures, which will be freshly remembered, and 220 productive of much good, in after years. In aid of the religious instruction given, the Managers have to acknowledge the receipt ofdonations of Bibles, from the Young Men's Bible Society. It would be a work of supererogation, at this day, to urge the necessity of continuing these schools, and rendering them as in- teresting and effective as possible. But were it other- wise, and should we attempt to illustrate their utility and importance, and to show the close affinity existing between vice and crime, it would only be necessary for the Managers to state, that of the commitments during the last year, of boys alone, fifty-five could not read a syllable. Fifteen of this number knew not a letter of the alphabet. The ages of these latter, were from eight to sixteen — averaging eleven and a half years. The remaining forty were from ten to sixteen years of age, averaging twelve and a half In speaking of the House of Refuge in his late Mes- sage to the Legislature, His Excellency the Governor remarks: — "The funds provided by the Government, are ample for all the purposes of the institution." This declaration of the Chief Magistrate, whose views and feelings are decidedly in favor of the institution, when taken in connexion with the present embarrass- ing condition of our Treasury, seems to require some explanation from the Managers. The erection of the large new building already referred to, required heavy disbursements. This addition to our accommoda- tions, was already necessary to the enlarged and in- creasing usefulness of the institution; but the law of the last session of the Legislature, authorising the Governor to transfer minors from the state prisons to the House of Reibge, rendered the new edifice indis- pensable to the comfort, convenience, and safety of the establishment. For the means of paying for its construction, the Managers have confidently relied upon the funds by law appropriated to their use, but which, without the knowledge of His Excellency the Governor, as it is presumed, have for many months been retained in the hands of the Mayor, under the direction, (as regards far the greater sum,) of the Common Council. The funds here referred to, are those derived from the additional excise imposed by 221 the act of 1829, upon the grocers and tavern keepers of this city, for the especial benefit and support of the House of Refuge; and likewise the money derived from the licences of theatres, circuses, &c. Every member of the Society is probably aware of the fact, that the constitutionality of this additional excise upon the venders of ardent spirits, has been contested by those required to pay it; and although the tax was collected, yet the money has been withheld by order of the Common Council, and is to be withheld, until the question in litigation shall have been finally dis- posed of. In order to save expenses, however, and bring the question to a more speedy decision, a case was made up in the first instance, and submitted, by consent of parties, to the Supreme Court; by which tribunal the constitutionality of the law has been sus- tained, and judgment awarded in behalf of the House of Refuge. That such would be the decision of this enlightened tribunal, the Managers never entertained a doubt; and on hearing of the decision, they suppo- sed the money would be paid over without further dif- ficulty or delay. But they have been disappointed in this reasonable expectation; and because of an in- timation, (though as yet unofficial, as your Managers believe,) that the cause is to be carried up to the Court of Errors by an appeal. His Honor the Mayor still withholds the money from our treasury, to the amount of between four and five thousand dollars, of which the Managers are in the utmost need. The amount due the institution, accruing from li- cences granted to theatres and circuses, is twelve hundred and fifty dollars. No constitutional diffi- culty has been raised by those who have taken these licences. Nor do any pending or threatened legal proceedings afford an excuse for retaining the money from the House of Refuge. But his Honor the Mayor, and, as it is understood, without the direction of the Common Council, has thus far declined paying it over, upon the ground that, under the best opinion he has been able to form, if the additional excise upon gro- cers and tavern licences is unconstitutional, so also must be the tax upon places of public amusement. His Honor therefore expresses a determination to re- 222 tain these moneys also in his hands, until the question involved in another, and, as your Managers believe, a very different and distinct case, shall have been de- finitively adjudicated. In stating the foregoing facts, the Managers feel that they have been in the discharj^e of their duty, not only to the Society in whose service they are engaged, but to the Chief Magistrate of the state, and to the government by which it has been so liberally endow- ed. But in doing so, they would by no means be un- derstood as questioning the motives of the Mayor. Still, they cannot but regret the embarrassments to which they have been subjected by these unexpected proceedings. Their treasury is not only empty, but they have been compelled to draw upon the private funds of their treasurer, to the amount of upwards of three thousand five hundred dollars. No apprehension, however, is entertained by the Managers, as to the ultimate result of the legal con- troversy mentioned above; but every week of delay must necessarily add to their pucuniary difficulties. The constitutionality of the law has been sustained, not only by the opinions of men of great legal emi- nence, but by the ablest judges on the bench. But while the Managers feel it to be unnecessary to enter upon any argument as to the equity of the law, they are constrained to repeat their belief, that it is the consumption of ardent spirits, and the influence of the theatres, which contribute, more than all other cau- ses, to the numbers sent to the Refuge. Intemperate parents, being unfit ibr the care and management of their children, suffer them to grow up in idle and vi- cious habits — the criminal infirmity of the parents, too often begets a like infirmity in the children, while the pestilent atmosphere of the theatre, conspires to hasten the work of destruction. Although the Managers feel that they have but little to fear from such an application, yet they have learn- ed with regret, that a renewed effort is to be made during the present session of the Legislature, to de- prive the treasury of the House of Refuge, of the mo- nies hitherto, during the last few years, derived from the Health Commissioners' department — being a com- 223 paratively small portion of the receipts from passen- gers arriving in this port. The pretext under which it is hoped to deprive the Refuge of this portion of its revenue, is the old and unfounded complaint, that it is encroaching upon the contrihutions of mariners, and perverting their hospital money to a purpose for- eign to that for which such contributions were orig- inally, and are yet professedly levied. This is by no means a fair or correct statement of the case, as the members of this society, the public, and the Legis- lature, must all by this time very well know. It would be unnecessary, were it otherwise proper, to go into the argument here. The facts are simply these: The hospital funds, so called, are derived as well (vom pas- sengers as mariners. Nay, the receipts from passen- gers will always approximate near, if they do not swell beyond, the amount derived from the mariners. Such has been the fact for several years past; and during the year now just closed upon us, it is estima- ted that the receipts from passengers alone, will amount to nearly thirty thousand dollars — say twenty- eight thousand. The act of the Legislature of 1829, appropriates the sum of eight thousand dollars from the moneys so collected, and no more. So that the hospital fund will have received about twenty thou- sand dollars during the past year, from passengers alone, over and above the amount paid to the House of Refuge, and in addition to the contributions of the mariners; for, notwithstanding the clamors upon this subject, it is nevertheless a fact, that not one dollar of the money arising from such contributions, has ever been asked for, or received, by the Refuge, Nor is there any more reason, so far as your Mana- gers can perceive, why the mariners should exclu- sively enjoy the benefits accruing from the contribu- tions of ihe passengers arriving at this port, than there is that the latter should in some way participate in the benefits of the tax upon the former. But there is a very substantial reason why the House of Refuge should receive a portion of these funds. By referring to the series of tfie Annual Reports of this Society, it will be seen that a very large proportion of the in- mates of the Refuge, are the children of foreigners — 224 of the same passengers who have contributed towards this fund. Of one hundred and forty-four inmates committed during the past year, sixty only were children of American parents, while eighty-four were children of foreigners. Of these forty-one were of Irish, and twenty-three of English extraction — the countries, which, more than all others, have contribu- ted to the fund of which we are speaking. This sim- ple statement of facts is deemed amply sufficient to prove the peculiar propriety of the enactment of the State Legislature, which appropriate a part of the revenues thus accruing, to the House of Refuge. There is one other subject to which, though a mat- ter of some delicacy, the Managers feel constrained to invite the attention, not only of the members of the Society, but of the community at large, and of the state government. Whenever it has so happened that fresh depredations have been committed upon the property of individuals, or the peace of the public, by persons who may have formerly been inmates of the Refuge, the cases have been eagerly seized upon by certain persons, who, from interested or some other motives not apparent, are opposed to the insti- tution, magnified beyond measure, and employed as means of exciting unfriendly feelings towards the In- stitution, and distrust as to its utility. Such, in par- ticular, has been the fact on two occasions during the past year, viz : on the return of a couple of sailor-boys last summer, who had been inmates of the Refuge, and in the recent case before the Court of Sessions, of John Lace. In regard to the former, the Managers are persuaded, that the larceny charged upon one of them, was imputed to him by mistake. He had most worthily performed a long sea-voyage, and returned here with his earnings in his pocket, to visit his rela- tives, and in particular to thank the Superintendent of the Refuge, for his kindnesses towards him. He was moreover, at this very time, under a profitable engagement for a second whaling expedition, upon which he is now absent. The case of Lace was a hard one from the beginning. When first thrown upon the hands of the managers, and conveyed to the Refuge, he was old and skilful in crime. Indeed his i 225 case was one of the few which seemed altogether hopeless in the outset: and it is now several years since he left the Refuge. He was bound out to a trade, but soon ran away from his master, and has at length found a situation in the State Prison, where he ought to have been in a state of discipline long since. But is it just or generous to raise a clamour against an institution of this peculiar description, on account of three or four, or even of a dozen unfortunate cases? There have been eight hundred and thirty Juvenile Delinquents received into the Refuge, since its com- mencement, six years ago. Six hundred and fifty of these have been disposed of in different ways;— and is it to be supposed that in so great a number, a thorough moral reformation could, by human means, have been wrought in every one? Such a general and radical transformation, it is apprehended, how- ever desirable, could not have been produced, save by the immediate and visible interposition of Divine Power. It is to be recollected, however, that when the Refuge was founded, it was an experiment. There was no other institution of the kind in America ; and errors both i[i judgment and practice were to be expected, until time and experience should have enabled the Managers to discover the most wholesome principles upon which to build their moral edifice, and to devise the best practical system for the effec- tive administration of its affairs. When moreover, its doors were first opened, and for a year or two there- after, many of the larger classes of the delinquents sent to the Refuge, were already adepts in crime, and not a few of them had previously been in the peni- tentiary, once, twice, and in some cases, even thrice. Was it reasonable, then we repeat, to suppose, that in each and every of these cases, a radical, perfect, and permanent reformation was possible; — or, in default of having effected such reformation, in such cases, is it just to question or deny the utility of the institution ? If so, the age of human perfec- tibility might have been considered very near, since nothing more would have been necessary to banish sin and shame, crime and sorrow, than to transform all the dwellings in the world into houses 29 226 of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents. But notwitfv standing the disadvantages which all new and untried establishments forimprovingthe moral and intellectual condition of man, must encounter, and in despite of other untoward circumstances, so far from the exis- tence of anyjust cause of censure or disappointment, the wonder is, that so much has been accomplished ; that so many hopeful reformations have taken place; that so much real, substantial, and, to all human ap- pearance, enduring good, has been effected. If the Managers of this institution can already point to hundreds of cases, in which idle and dissolute, and even criminal, children, of both sexes, have been re- claimed — snatched, as it were from the steep leading to inevitable destruction, — and moulded into well- behaved, sober, moral, industrious and modest young artizens, farmers, seamen, seamstresses, &c, — some of them already grown up, married, and respectably settled in life, — then surely may the Institution appeal with confidence, to the favor and support of the pub- lic. That such have been the fruits of the salutary moral and religious discipline of the House of Refuge, and in very numerous instances, too, its archives are supplied with abundant testimony to prove. A portion of this testimony, which is constantly accu- mulating, has been laid before the Society,. fro-m year to year, in its annual reports; and some additional items of evidence to the same effect, are hereunto annexed. That some of the inmates have proved irreclaimable, and that others, after an apparent reformation — speaking contrition for the past, and promising well for the future, — have again relapsed into immoral and vicious practices, the Managers feel no disposition to conceal or deny. But such cases, they are warranted in saying, are comparatively rare comprising but a small proportion of the whole number who have fallen under the care of the institu- tion. On the contrary, if the assurances of their officers are to be believed, some of the finest young seaman in the navy, have been taken from the Refuge. Others have been entered in the whaling business., to the entire satisfaction of their employers, and with profit to themselves. There has been general good 227 conduct among these, and some of them are at the present time engaged as officers in that hardj and lucrative service. Others, again, are seamen, en- gaged in difTerent branches of commercial enterprise ; and one of the reformed inmates of this Institution, has recently sailed from one of our ports, the second mate of an Indiaman. Many are now engaged, under very favorable circumstances, as apprentices in the art of husbandry. I'he term of service of some has expired, and they have grown up respectable young men. One of these has married, and settled down a good citizen. Some of the number have become res- pectable mechanics. One of these, a very hard, but ultimately a very interesting case, became decidedly devout while in the Refuge. His whole temper and disposition were changed to mildness and docility. He was bound out to a trade — has acquired it — and having married a respectable girl, is now established, and engaged in the successful prosecution of a lucra- tive business. Several cases have occurred, where young girls, guilty of different offences, have been thoroughly reclaimed from the paths of iniquity. Of these, some have been bound to service at distant places in the country, where their deportment was in all respects so excellent, that they have married res- pectably, and are now discharging the duties of affec- tionate and virtuous wives and mothers. And the reports from great numbers of others, of both sexes, whose periods of service have not expired, are of the most gratifying, and even animating description. With these facts before us, is there not much cause for rejoicing that Providence has in such numerous instances, smiled upon the labors of this institution! And is there not large encouragement for the contin- uance of our exertions, in a cause which has already been attended with such gratifying results, and which is so rich in promise for the future ! In conclusion, the Managers have only to express the very great obligations they are under to the la- dies who have the supervision of the Female Depart- ment of the Refuge, for their continued and efficient services in that interesting branch of this important public charity. It is peculiarly pleasant to contem- 228 plate the spirit of philanthropy, resting upon virtuous and accomplished women, enabling them, as her min- isters, to forego the luxuries and refinements of ele- gant homes, to watch over the management of an in- stitution like the House of Refuge — filled, as it must be, with beings often rendered loathsome by their vices and their crimes, and seeking to bring back the erring wanderer to the paths of virtue, and to elevate even the most degraded to a state of comparative moral purity. It is woman who invests charity with her most beautiful drapery, while her deeds of benefi- cence increase her own loveliness. Could there be an excess of true charity, woman would be prodigal; *' but in charity there is no excess ; neither can man or angel come in danger by it." To the physicians of the institution, likewise. Doc- tors Stearns and Carter, the thanks of the Managers are eminently due, for their gratuitous services ren- dered during the past year, in the hospital of the Refuge. Confidently relying upon the continuance of the public and legislative favor, and determined to spare no exertions themselves to render this institution, if not all that can be desired, at least much more than could, a very few years since, have been anticipated by the most sanguine, the Managers close their sixth year's labors, with the consolation arising from what they have believed a faithful discharge of their public duty, and are prepared to enter upon the seventh with renewed confidence, and with still brighter prospects of success in proportion to their means. LETTER FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT. In reply to a note addressed by the Committee appointed to pre- pare this Report, to the Superintendent of the Refuge, requesting the necessary facts and documents to be incorporated therein, the following letter was received with the other papers. It was not written for publication ; but as it embraces many statements proper for the public eye, the Committee have thought it advisable to in- clude it in this Apperdix. 229 "You ask, gentlemen, the causes of the commitment of our in- mates. 1 would first refer you to the number of intemperate pa- rents ascertained — doubting not, but if the truth was known, there are many more of this cla.ss than the parents of the sixty-three I have mentioned. The consequence is, the children are neglected, and suffered to run about the streets, to form acquaintance and con- nexion with older and idly trained boys and girls. They next begin to pilfer— sleep out nights, around tlie market places, &.c. ; and as their depravity naturally leads them from one step of vice to another, they begin to find the power of money, not only to gratify their appetites, but by degrees are led to different places of amusement, which in their nature are very seducing. Indulgence does but create stronger dispositions to obtain the means for at- tending Circuses, Theatres, &c., and we rarely receive a child of any years, which is not quite familiar with either the one or the other, or both. We have one of the strongest instances of the in- fatuation produced by theatrical amusements, in a boy now in the House, that we recollect to have witnessed. He is a youth of liighly respectable parentage, and his father had the means and disposition to give him a liberal education. Much pains and ex- pense were expended to qualify him for college, and he actually entered one of those seminaries, where he spent part of two ses- sions. But while quite young, he was taken to the theatre, by a person unknown to his parents, and continued to attend there for a length of time, before it was discovered by them. When it be- came known to them, they set their faces strongly against it; — but such was his propensity thitherward, that, in the first instance, if means could not be obtained, he would sell his school books — then his mother's silver spoons, and books from his father's library ; and when these were not obtainable, would change away his best clothes for inferior ones, to obtain the difference, for the purpose of gratifying himself in these amusements. It had such an influ- ence upon him, as to become a perfect infatuation. lie would not attend to his literary pursuits, and would stop at nothing to obtain money, that he might indulge his passion. To prevent greater disgrace, his friends interfered, and had him sent here. We have not discovered that this youth is beset by any other propensity. And had it not been for this, there is no probability that his pa- rents' hearts would have been wounded in so tender a point, and one of our colleges would doubtless now have had one more res- pectable and promising young man enrolled upon its catalogue. And while we look over our large family, we see many under our care, who, had they been blessed with sober and industrious parents, would doubtless have made such children as we all would have been proud of, had they been sons of our own. We consider the inculcation and practice of industrious habits, a powerful means of restoring to a good state of feeling, this young class— connected with those moral and religious precepts taught in the Bible. Not- withstanding we do not always see the fruits of religious instruc- tion ; still, feeling the influence of a kind father's precepts and ex- ample upon my own mind, we pursue our labors cheerfully, be- lieving the impressions will be lasting and powerful in more mature age. "Of the larger and more hopeless class, we have sent them on 230 long voyages to sea, where they will arrive to manhood in this honest and industrious calling — hoping that on their return, those bubbles and toys, that in their youth glistened in their eyes like the diamond, will have lost their charms. Some, it is true, have disgraced themselves, and brought sorrow to the hearts of the managers of this institution, who devote much of their time by day and by night, for the interest of these unfortunate Juvenile Delin- quents, without fee or reward, other than the satisfaction they must experience, at having done all in their power to reclaim and to save them, by placing them in a way to obtain a respectable and honest livelihood. Yet, on the other hand, they are cheered to see now and then a hearty and hardy Tar return from his voyage — and passing even his own relatives to come up with his certificate of good conduct from his captain, or the merchant, first to greet his kind benefactors at the Refuge. I now recollect two boys who once afforded but little hope. They are now mates of ships out of this port, one of whom is entrusted with large amounts of valuable propertv, and is considered to be a young man of the strictest in- tegrity. " As to the children occasionally returned upon our hands, while we are compelled to say some are unworthy of the stations they were placed in — yet with all the vigilance and industry of our In- denturing Committee, who spare no pains to obtain information, not only of the respectability, but fitness of the families of persons applying to them for apprentices from the Refuge, yet sometimes children are unhappily located — or more is expected ffom them than it is reasonable to require of children of their age. A striking instance at this moment occurs to my mind. A gentleman of res- pectability obtained a little girl. His family became so dissatisfied with her, tliat the gentleman put her out to board for a short time, until he could make application to the Indenturing Committee, and have an opportunity of returning her to the Refuge, which he did with an appearance of strong dislike, &c. All were fully satisfied that his complaints were without just grounds, and after retaining her a few months, another favorable opportunity offered to send her to the West. After she had been out several months the se- cond time, the gentleman's brother came (a few days since) nearly three miles, to tell us how highly his brother and family were pleased with the little girl, and that she was the admiration of the neighborhood. "From one neighborhood in Massachusetts, we have lately had an account from five boys, who are all doing well, and were very much beloved. In one place in Connecticut, six of our boys are all doing well; and, gentlemen, I could fill a little volume Avith in- teresting facts like the foregoing, as we always keep an account of parentage, former life, conduct in the House, reports from their masters after being indentured, and even after they are free, mar- ried and settled in business, with great care and precision, and have now rising eight hundred of these histories of cases thathave fallen to our care. I will close by furnishing you with a few ex- tracts from the books of the past year, showing the effects of this beneficent public charity. " Respectfully yours, N. C. HART." 231 SELECTIO]¥ OF CASES A]¥» IiETTER!§^ From Apprentices, and from Persons to whom Apprentices have been bound. BOYS. September 18, 1829 C. D., from a court of Oyer and Terminer, held in Albany, in and for the county of Albany, aged 18 years the 11th inst., born on the island of Guernsey, of English parents ; his mother died in Guernsey, twelve or thirteen years ago ; his father moved to P, sevei-al years since. Not long after, moved back to V. Some short time previous to his father's death, he had put C. D. as an apprentice to Mr. , where he continued four years; had learned the trade so that he could make cream cups, silver spoons, &c. — became acquainted with a boy about 15 years of age. M. C. proposed leaving that place for the north ; C. D. said he had no money ; C. replied that he had sixty dollars. They started the 7th of June last. The first stop they made was Avith P. M. in Broad- way, four days ; they then went to Albany, put up with Mr. J. They stayed there about a week, and then cleared out without pay- ing their board ; went to Troy, put up with Mr. P. three days, paid their board and started for Waterford : put up with Mr. H. F. a short time, and cleared without paying their bill. They then started for Albany, took lodgings with Mr. C, told him they had no money, but they were to write to Washington for some ; stopped one week, walked out to Rensselaer Ville, and put up with C. T. Not having any cash, they were ayked for money ; C. D. pawned his watch, which, according to calculation, would defray their ex- penses for several days, (subject to be redeemed for ^'8) ; but in about two days they arose before day, contrived to get into the bar room, took the landlord's pocket book containing ^12 50 cents in cash, and several promissory notes. C, as it rained, helped himself to a cloak, and on they started, (this was the 4th of July.) They were pursued and taken near Coeyman's Landing, with the money on them, having thrown away the pocket book and papers. C vvas bailed out for ^500 ; went home, and forfeited the bond. CD. remained and was found guilty, and sentenced here. He says du- ring the four years that he was with his master, he in a few instan- ces picked up scraps, made gold rings and sold them ; his master knew of it twice, but only reproved him. Entered the 8th class. On the re-examination which took place, I judge about three months after the foregoing, he says that he vvas a bad boy, would play truant from school, &c. ; feels deeply impressed that his bad conduct was the leading cause of his father's death, and shows much contrition for his past misconduct. When this boy first came here, he was very troublesome, and showed a strong disposition to avail himself of the first opportunity to make his escape, and gave us much anxiety ; but in a few months, we can truly say, the Lion became (from every appear- ance) a Lamb; he became humble and pliable, of a quiet and meek spirit; a lover of his Bible and of his closet; would gather the smaller boys around him during play hours, in the school hall. 232 read some good book, and converse so sweetly about good things, that he had much influence with them ; as he was large and some- what advanced in years, we felt it our duty to give him a fair pro- bation. He was in due time, indentured to a Blacksmith in U. I saw a gentleman from that neighborhood, who informed me that he was an admirable boy, his life was an example for the neighbor- hood. The following is the copy of a letter from E. F., a little Irish boy, whose father is dead, and whose mother is very intemperate: in consequence of which she was expelled her humble abode, not being able to pay her rent ; they were found in the street, without house or home, by the Commissioners. This boy having been guilty of some little improprieties, was sent here as a vagrant, in July, 1828 ; and in about nine months was indentured to Mr. B. M., farmer of M. M. December 7, 18.30. ^'My Dear Mother. — Your letter dated the 26th of January last, was received by my friend, Mr. M., it has given me great pleasure. I have been well through summer and fall : I have at- tended Sunday School regularly ; I am well pleased with my place; yet, dear mother, I wisli you good health, and sister, and uncle, and friends; likewise I wish you to let me know how you are ; I like my master and his family very well so far; I expect to go to day school this winter ; I am going to have a suit of new clothes this Christmas ; I have learned to ride on horseback pretty well ; I have plenty of good food and raiment; I have seen D. F., he is well, and lives two miles from us ; if I live, and be a good boy, I expect to go to New-York, and see you and my sisters, and perhaps some of my friends too; we have had a very fine fall in this coun- try; we are privileged with plenty of nuts and apples. Mr. M., has a large fine ox, and when he takes him to New- York, he will be dressed with ribbons. Dear mother, I give my best respects to all my friends and ac- quaintances. Dear mother don't give yourself any uneasiness on my account. I am hearty, well, and contented, and hope to see you again before long. I remain your affectionate son. E. F. The following is at the bottom of E. F's letter, written by his master, Mr. M. E. appears to be well pleased with his place, and we like him very well ; we think he is full as smart, and trusty, as common for boys of his age. This letter is his own hand writing and compo- sition. Yours, &c. N. C. Hart. B. M. The following letter was received from G. S., who was inden- tured to a Mr. S., in D. Co., New-York, farmer, nearly four years ago, and may be interesting. His father is dead, and his mother is a poor, low, miserable drunkard. Mr. N. C, Hart, — Dear Friend, I take this opportunity to write to you these few lines. I am well, and hope this will find you so too, and all my mates, and I hope they will all behave well, and get good places, and when they get them, I hope they will stick to 233 them. I have stuck by Mr. S., and have "done as well as I knew how" so far. I have got the promise of a farm when my time is out. My dear mother, I hope, is well, and my brothers and sis- ters too. My time will soon be out, and I will come and see you all. Mr. Hart, please write to me, and tell me where my mother and brothers and sisters are, and how they are doing. I should like to hear from all. Yours, &c. J. M. [This poor boy's prospect of having a farm on shares when his time is out, connected with the tender interest manifested in behalf of his mother, brothers and sisters, comes home to our feelings. N. C. H.] 1826, Dec. 2, H. C, from the Commissioners, aged 15 years, born in New- York. He, commenced a wild career very young, M'as, by his father, turned over to the Commissioners of the Alms House as a vagrant. Alderman Burtis bound him out in the coun- try. He soon ran away from his place, and returned to his father, who sent him to school; but he played truant about the streets. He was then put with a cabinet maker, as an apprentice, in a short time was sent with a piece of furniture, received the money, and ran away, and in fact he could not be kept by his father nor mas- ters from running at large. He said his first theft was committed five years ago, by stealing a shilling from his father. He stole a silver watch from one of his father's boarders. In offering it for sale, he was mistrusted, and taken. The watch was obtained by the owner, and he severely punished by his father. Soon after, he procured a key that opened a trunk belonging to the same man from whom he had stolen the watch, where he found a sum of money in bank bills; — he took them, but was detected before he left the house. His father then locked him up for two or three months, and kept him on bread and water; but notwithstanding, he frequently afterwards pilfered small amounts from his father, and sometimes when sent on errands with money, would run away with it, and be gone from home several days at a time. The last time, he was absent a month, carrying wood, begging, &c., when his friends had him taken up, and sent here as a vagrant. H. was not a bad dispositioned boy, nor was he very trouble- some to manage ; yet, after keeping him here two years and a half, we could not feel that confidence in his integrity, w hich warranted us in binding him out in the country. Consequently, in June, 1829, as an opportunity offered, he was sent on a whaling voyage. The following is a copy of a letter sent by him to the Superin- tendent: Sajite Jago, July 2.3, 1830. Mr. N. C. Hart, — Dear Friend, I take my pen in hand to inform you that I am well, and hope you enjoy the same blessing. I am now on my second voyage; — when I return, I will come and see you. There being a brig near us bound to New-York, I thought it a favourable time to let you know where I was, and how I come on. I am hearty as a buck ; I never will forget what you have done for me. I remember what you told me— "H, you are going to sea,* but remember there is seldom a rose without a thorn." "At which he was very much pleased. 3U 234 If I live, when I return I shall come and see you with pleasure. I 6aw J. M., who has gone round Cape Horn the second voyage. I am on board the same ship, the old Congress forever. We got last year, 1-300 barrels of oil. We have three pots and four boats. We are determined to get a voyage. We are going to the Cape of Good Hope ; of late we call it the Cape of Storms, where there is many a bitter blow. If we do not get a load, we are going to double the Cape, and cruise for the Spanish coast. We are in hopes to return by next March, with a full cargo of oil. When I return to Nantucket, I will let you know. I leave my blessing with you. H. C, a Refuge boy in the ship C. Feb. in, 1830. H. J. was received from the Police, aged lO years, the 4th of Julyt last; born in New-York, of Irish parents. They are both dead, and he has been two years in the Orphan Asylum. His sister, the wife of J. S., took him, thinking that she could do for him. But it appears that her husband drank. He received a coat to mend, which he pawned, and for which he was sued; he threw all the blame and disgrace upon his wife, wrongfully. Feel- ing herself so disgraced, she told her husband to clear out, and went herself to service. Consequently, the care of H. devolved on his brother T., a stone cutter ; but he not being married, put him as an apprentice, first to G. W., a butcher, to whom he was so diso- bedient and saucy, that he would not keep him. Next his brother put him to live with a Mr. , a shoe maker, where he remain- ed two weeks, and ran away. On application of his brother to the Police, they sent him here as a vagrant. He hardly knew his let- ters, and a more scurvy looking little object of pity, we have seldom received. But it was soon found, that all that he required to make him a first rate boy, was proper discipline, with regularity and some encouragement. He soon rose to the class of honor, and a more faithful, respectful, industrious child, we could not desire. In about nine months, he was indentured to , of , who has sent us the following letter: Dec. 13, 18.30. Dear Sir, — I now sit down to drop you a few lines respecting the boy who was indented to me by you on the 23d of October last, and thereby fulfil my promise. As respects the boy, I certainly am much pleased with him ; and as far as my observations have ex- tended, must say, that his willingness to make himself useful, ex- ceeds the ordinary run of boys. As yet, I have not selected a school for him, but think of doing so in a iew days, as the winter is the most convenient time for me to spare him. He tells the family he would rather stay than return, notwithstanding he has to work hard. Should you, or any other person, who is, (or ought to be,) interested in the boy's welfare, be passing through this section of the country, I should like you to call. Your Obedient Servant, Mr. N. C. Hart, Superintendent of the House of Refuge. August 21, 1829. O. P., from a court of Special Sessions held in this city, aged 12 t When we cannot ascertain what month or day they were born, we always put it the 4th of July.— N. C H. 235 years the 4th of July last, born in County, of American pa- rents. His father resides in street; does occasionally drink too much. His mother died about four years ago. His father mar- ried again in about two years. He appears to have been at loose ends for some time. The boy has been in the practice of playing truant from school, running about the markets, 3 00 g- C 00 ^^ r* "-it* "^ ^ O! : 02 =■ J= -. 2 — =-p =; c 5 V. 02' 2L - — • "3 >^ p ° W ^S ?;■ . o 3- n p — -^ = o o 3 o <^ . 3" £. ? ^ 2 '^ ' P _.C^ ^^"* fs X ; ^^ i-H .*^ -^ 2 ?= Hi' ^ 2 p -^ S"^ ° E^- :?S 3-W< 5-; 3 i'-p'S--"?' : -30 P 5'cr:! 3 -"^ £' ~ o 5 Q: 2 "^ f? = S 2 p o ,0 S^y O ■ -J : (t '. JO » '• -^ • « o • ; o 2, i > :• I |: |:| ^ ^ m CO ^4 ^^ . — -^ ■— 1 p - p >-. 3 ^ 3 CO ■ CD • CO CO ^^ — •— c^ % p 5 «^. s c% s o«j Co '^ b ^ g ts ''^ ^. i:^ UO H to •^ >?*< f>i a S Op KCS S s *t C^y «> S M OS 246 Vice Presidents. Officers of the Society, CADWALLADER D. COLDEN, President. STEPHEN ALLEN, \ CORNELIUS DUBOIS, JOHN GRISCOM, HENRY I. WYCKOFF, JAMES LOVETT, PETER SHARPE, CORNELIUS DUBOIS, Treasurer. FREDERICK SHELDON, Secretary. JOHN STEARNS, M. D. ? „, . . , c- GALEN CARTER, M. D. ^ P^W^c^cins and Surgeons. House of Refuge. NATHANIEL C. HART, Superintendent. JOSEPH B, ROE, Assistant Superintendent. REBECCA ORAM, Matron. SARAH ANN ORAM, Assistant Matron. CHARLES CECIL, Teacher. indenturing Committee. WILLIAM F. MOTT, HEM AN AVERILL, MYNDERT VAN SCHAICK. Acting Committee. WILLIAM W. FOX, MYNDERT VAN SCHAICK, HEMAN AVERILL, JOHN HUNTER, ROBERT D. WEEKS, FREDERICK A. TRACY, RUSSEL H. NEVINS. Stephen Allen, Heman Averill, Arthur Burtis, C. D. CoLDEN, ]BSanagers. William Kent, James Lovett, RuFus L. Lord, William F. Mott, Robert C. Cornell,Hugh Maxwell, Cornelius Dubois, Dennis M'Carthy, Jacob Drake, William W. Fox, John Griscom, John Hunter, Jacob Harvey, RussEL H. Nevins, Ralph Olmsted, Nath'l Richards, Fred'k Sheldon, Peter Sharpe, John Stearns, P. R. Starr, William L. Stone, Charles Town, Frederick A. Tracy, M. Van Schaick, Henry I. Wyckoff, John W. Wyman, Robert D. Weeks. Ladies' Committee. Rebecca M'Comb, Isabella Buloid, Sophia Wyckoff, Phebe Mott, Ann Warner, Charlotte L. Fox, Deborah L. Embree, Sarah C. Hawxhurst, Almy Cornell, Maria L. Hyde, Margaret Beers, Martha Willis, Ann L. Mott, Esther Seymoub. SEVENTH ANNUAL. REPORT, &c. 1832. IN obedience to the act incorporating the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinqiients in the city and state of New-York, the Managers respect- fully Report : — That Subjects. There have been received into the House of Refuge during the past year, Boys, - 101 Girls, - 24 125 Of those who had been previously indentured, there have been returned, Boys, - - n Girls, - - 2 13 There have been also returned, two boys who had escaped, 2 There were in the House, at the date of the last Annual Report, Boys, - - 14l Girls, - - 40 181 Thus making, of all the children under the care of the Society during the past year, the total of - - - 321 Of these there have been Indentured, Boys, - - 102 Girls, - - 20 — —122 Returned to friends, - - Boys, - - 12 Girls, - - 2 14 Of Age, , - . . - One Girl, - - 1 Escaped during the year, - Boys, - - 2 And there are now remaining in the House, Boys, - - 139 Girls, - - 43 182 321 Those received into the House, were committed by the following authorities, viz: — Boys : — By the Commissioners of the Aims-House, 6 " Police of the City and County of N. Y. 63 " Special Sessions of do. - - 6 " General Sessions of do. - - 7 " Albany County Sessions, - - - 7 " Kings County Sessions, - - . 4 248 " Orange County Sessions, - " Rensselear County do. " Monroe County do. " Ulster County do. " Oneida County do. Girls: — By the Commissioners of the Aims-House, " Police of New-York County " Special Sessions of do. 125 Of the above number, there are. Of American Parentage, - - - 61 Of Irish do. Of English do. Of German do. Of Scotch do. Of French do. Of Welch do. Of unknown do. 32 15 2 5 8 3 1 125 5 years 7 (( 8 (( 9 (( 10 (( 11 (( 12 (( 13 (C 14 (( 15 (< 16 (( 17 (( 18 (( 19 (( Those committed were of the following ages, viz: One of One of Five of Five of Six of Seven of - Thirteen of Eighteen of Twenty-one of Twenty-nine of Twelve of Five of One of One of Total, one hundred and twenty-five. There have been Indentured during the year; — Boys, — To Farmers, . - - - 35 South Sea Whale Fishery, and other Sea Service, • - Shoe Makers - ^ - Blacksmiths, - Tailors, . . - - House Carpenters, Ship Carpenters, ... Mason, _ . . - Chair Makers, . - - Tanners and Curriers, Baker, . . . - Carriage Makers, - - - Carried over, 249 Brought over, 97 Hatter, 1 Printer, 1 Cloth Manufacturers, 2 Cabinet Maker, 1 102 House-wifery, 20 122 It will be observed in the foregoing Tables that in a few instances, children have been returned to their friends. This course has never been pursued, except under peculiar circumstances, which appeared to the Managers not only to justify the proceeding, but to render it more advisable than the ordinary mode of indenturing apprentices. It was done, for example, in one instance, in which a child's parents of respect- able characters had removed from the city to the country, and settled on a farm with a view to perma- nent agricultural pursuits, and offered perhaps the most advantageous apprenticeship, which it was in the power of the Managers to procure. In another instance, it was satisfactorily proved that the charge on which a boy had been sent to the Refuge was ut- terly unfounded, and the Magistrates before whom he had been arraigned, united in a certificate of his in- nocence. One little boy of very tender years, afflic- ted by a disease which ultimately terminated in his death, was surrendered, temporarily, to the care of an anxious mother. This departure from the usual disposition of the children, has been allowed only when on the best consideration, it seems preferable to any other course which could be pursued in rela- tion to the child. In indenturing the Children, committed to the Man- agers' care, the most patient consideration is bestow- ed upon the selection of suitable occupations and pla- ces of abode, and every means within the power of the Managers is diligently employed in the investi- gation of the character and circumstances of the per- son to whom an apprentice is indentured. The wish- es of the child are carefully attended to, and an ap- prenticeship rarely takes place without the perfect accordance of his feelings. The execution of this im- portant branch of the Directors' duties, involves in it 32 250 perhaps the greatest degree of labor attending the management of the Institution. Three of the Mana- gers, forming what is termed the Indenturing Committee^ are specially charged with this employment. This Committee meets always once, and frequently twice or three times a week at the House of Refuge, often spending the greater part of a day in a meeting. Be- fore this Committee are laid the applications for ap- prentices; and all such certificates and evidence as it is possible to obtain of the character and circum- stances of the applicants, are required and minutely examined; and as far as a personal investigation into every circumstance connected with the proposed In- denture is within their power, it is industriously pros- ecuted by the Members of the Committee in the re- cess of their Meeting. It is felt by the Managers, to be due to the gentle- men to whom this important department of the man- agement of the Institution has been confided, to be- stow a further remark upon the additional labors with which they charge themselves. The supervision of this Committee over the children of the Refuge, ceases not with the departure of the latter from our walls. As far as is practicable, a tutelary observation is still maintained over the situation of the youth who have been indentured, and particularly over the treatment which they receive from their employers. And in some instances, where an interference on behalf of the apprentice was demanded, as where it was dis- covered that he had been cruelly treated, or that his morals had been neglected, or that the character of his master was different from what it had been repre- sented, and likely to affect injuriously the welfare of the indentured boy, a change was effected by the ex- ertions of the Committee, and the child transferred to a more humane and advantageous situation. The discipline and government of the children within the House of Refuge, are enforced and impro- ved by the collateral labors of the Indenturing Com- mittee. In guiding their judgments in the selection of Apprentices, the xVlembers of the Committee render themselves minutely acquainted with the individual character and circumstances of the different children, 251 and are enabled to assist the Officers of the Institution by their counsel, in the details of their treatment of the inmates of the House. The children are sepa- rately called before them, and examined in private; their good or bad standing is inquired into, and its causes ascertained ; those who are subject to cen- sure are exhorted, advised and reproved, while the meritorious are commended and encouraged to per- severe in the performance of their duties: and a reo"- «lar classification of all the persons in the House is made, with a view to the relative standing of eacli in- dividual, and the distribution of rewards or the ap- plication of punishments. The effect of these servi- ces is perceived by the Managers, on the whole ope- ration of the Institution, and draws from them this ac- knowledgment to the gentlemen whose gratuitous labors, at the cost of so much time and active exer- tion, have been faithfully and unremittedly performed. The tables above given, exhibit the different occu- pations selected by the Managers for the Apprentices whom they have indentured. One of the occupations, which may strike the ob- server on the first consideration, as the most hazard- ous and doubtful in its effects on youth — we allude to that of a seaman — has been proved by experience to be among the most benign and favorable. The young men, (for those indentured as seamen were the oldest boys in the establishment,) shipped as sailors were mostly sent on the South-Sea whaling voyages, of which the results appear to have been favorable to their morals, as well as to their pecuniary interests. The Superintendent, in a letter to the Managers, of which we give an extract, has pointed out this class of our boys as deserving of particular notice. "1 shall," he remarks, "feel much gratified in speaking "of the happy results of sending our boys on the long <* South-Sea whaling voyages. A large number have "returned this season, and almost uniformly come to "see us; dressed without exception like gentlemen; " some with watches in their pockets, the fruits of "their own industry. The greater part of them re- " turn to the same employ again. Many are shipped 252 *« as boat-steerers, and one, I am informed, has been "made second mate of one of the whaling ships." During the past year, the inmates of the House of Refuge have been engaged in the following mechan- ical employments: In the manufacture of Brushes for clothes, shoes, hats, &c. ; in Cabinet work, making bedsteads, pine and cherry tables, wash stands, &c. ; in the manufacture of bead ear-ring, safety-chains, and necklaces; and, principally, in the manufacture of seats for chairs and settees. The amount of work performed by the boys in these branches, will appear in the statements of the Superintendent annexed to this Report. Shoes for the use of all the children are made within the walls, as are also clothes for the use of the whole establishment. The cooking of the Male and Female Houses, is done exclusively by the inmates of the respective Houses; and the washing for all the children is done by the girls. By a recent arrangement, fifteen of the girls are now employed by a tailor in making clothes, on wages of a shilling each per day. And in the above mentioned trades, (except the making of shoes and clothes,) the boys are, in like manner, hired by contractors at wages of 12 1-2 each per day. This method has been adopted by the Man- agers, after atrial of different dispositions of the chil- dren, as on the whole the most advantageous. It is free from the losses and risks attendant on the car- rying on of trades for the account of the Society, and enables the Officers of the Institution to bestow more time, and greater attention on the moral government of the children, who remain, by the terms of the con- tracts, exclusively under the discipline and control of the Society. It is with great satisfaction that the Managers ad- vert to the health of the Refuge. During the past year not a single death has occurred among the chil- dren within the House, nor scarcely a case of serious disease ; and at the present moment, there is not in our Hospital a child whose sickness excites the least apprehension. In a season like the present, of unu- sual sickliness in the city of New-York, the healthy state of the House of Refuge cannot but be considered as a convincing proof of the propriety of the regimen 253 and treatment observed in it. The Managers have, however, some time during the late year, felt much solicitude at the existence in the Refuge of a disease of the eyes, which at one period assumed an alarming aspect. At the commencement of 1830, about thirty boys were afflicted with this Opthalmia.* The at- tention of the [Managers, and of the Physicians of the Society, was particularly turned to it, and a system of sanitary regulations, under the advice of the latter, adopted, which has been followed by a reduction of the number of those affected by the disease to four, all of whom appear to be on the recovery. In no in- stance has the eye-sight of an individual been lost, and the Managers now confidently anticipate the speedy extirpation of this disorder among the chil- dren. The judicious management and skill of Dr. Power, the Resident Physician of the House of Refuge, in relation to this disease, have been felt and apprecia- ted by the Managers; and they avail themselves also, of this opportunity, to renew to Doctors Stearns and Carter, their grateful acknowledgments for their gratuitous services, rendered in the past, as during the preceding year, with indefatigable and perseve- ring attention. The nature of the government and discipline exercised over the children, will perhaps be better illustrated by a summary account of the routine of a single day in the House of Refuge, than by any other descrip- tion which it is in the power of the Managers to give. At sun-rise of every day in the year, a bell rings to rouse the children. In fifteen minutes the cells are opened, and each of the children, having made up his own bed, and arranged his little apartment, steps forth at a signal into the Hall. They are then marched in order to the wash-room, where the utmost atten- tion to personal cleanliness is required and enforced. From the wash-room, they are called to parade in the open air (the weather permitting) when they are ranged in ranks, and underijo a close and critical in- * As far as it could be traced, it was introduced into the House by three boys, who had been subject to this distemper iu tho City Alms-house. 254 spection as to cleanliness and dress. The Parade finished, they are summoned to Morning Prayers. These various operations consume about a half-hour; and at half-past five o'clock, in the summer, the Morning School commences. In school, they remain till seven o'clock, vi'hen they are dismissed for a few minutes, and until the bell rings for breakfast, which consists, according to the dietary regulations of the Managers, of bread, molasses, and rye coffee, occa- sionally varied by the substitution of indian meal for bread, and milk for coffee. A half-hour is allowed for breakfast, at the expiration of which, the signal for labor is given, and the children are conducted to their respective work-shops, to remain there until noon. By an allotment of tasks, however, these hours of labor are shortened to the industrious. The work- ing day for this purpose is considered as commencing at one o'clock in the afternoon, when a certain task, proportional to his years and capacity, is assigned to each child, and if this task is performed before twelve o'clock at noon of the succeeding day, the child is re- warded by the allowance for his recreation of what- ever time he thus gains before twelve and after eleven o'clock, until which hour all are kept in the work- shops. The benefit of this arrangement is sensibly perceived upon the spirits and industry of the boys, and there are few among them, who do not thus gain, what all but the wilfully idle are able to gain, some extra time for their own amusements. At twelve o'clock, a bell rings to call all from work, and one hour is allowed for washing (which is again scrupulously attended to) and dinner. The dinner, by the Managers' regulations, consists [for five days in the week,] of nutritious soups, meat, potatoes and bread. On Fridays, fish is substituted for soup and meat; and on Sunday, a dinner of Beef and a vegeta- ble of superior quality to those of the other days is allowed. At one o'clock, a signal is given for recom- mencing work, which continues till five in the after- noon, when the bell rings for the termination of the labor of the day. A half-hour is allowed for wash- ing (which is once more enforced) and supper, con- sisting of mush and milk, molasses and rye coffee. At 255 half-past five, the children are conducted to their Evening School, in which they are kept till o'clock. Evening prayers are now attended to by the Superin- tendent, and the children, ranged in order, are then marched to the Sleeping Halls, where each takes possession of his separate apartment, and the cells are locked, and silence is enforced for the night. The above is the history of six days of every week in this year, except that during the short winter-days, morning school is suspended, and the work-shops are closed at four o'clock in the afternoon. On Sundays labor, of course, ceases, and instead of the Morning School, the time allotted on other days for this pur- pose, is taken up in the classification of the children according to their conduct during the preceding week, and the distribution of Badges of Merit. Reli- gious Service is performed twice during the day in the Chapel, in the presence of a Committee of the Mana- gers, by the clergymen of the city in rotation. In the interval between the church services, a Sunday school is held for the children ; and after the Evening Service, they are allowed to walk about the grounds under the observation of the officers until eight o'- clock. The children have been instructed during the past year by the Assistant Superintendent of the respec- tive Houses, in reading, writing and arithmetic. Their progress has been on the whole satisfactory ; but the Managers have it in contemplation to extend and im- prove the system of instruction. The duties of the Assistant Superintendent are necessarily varied and pressing, and it is deemed advisable to appoint a well qualified person to discharge the single duty of in- structing and watching over and promoting the moral and religious improvement of the children. The discipline exercised over the inmates of the House of Refuge, is of a mild and simple character. The children are divided, with reference to their merit, into four classes, the most worthy being placed in class No. 1. Each wears on his arm a badge of the class to which he belongs. To a station in the third class, is annexed a certain slight deprivation of play ; and to the fourth class, which consists of the 256 worst boys, who have been guilty of flagrant offences against the rules of the House, is attached, during the first week, the penalty of the third class, with an ad- ditional one, consisting of the deprivation of Sunday supper. A second week's continuance in the fourth class, which is the consequence of further bad con- duct during the first week, brings with it the addi- tional punishment of confinement after evening service on Sunday. On the other hand, four weeks mainte- nance of a station in class No. 1, which is the result of continued good conduct during this period, entitles a boy to a blue ribbon, and certain slight but highly appreciated privileges: four weeks of further good conduct, entitles the wearer of the blue ribbon to the higher honors of the red and blue: — and if after this, he shall, without any special limitation of time, prove himself worthy of the confidence of the officers, he receives the highest reward of merit in the tri-color badge. This simple system of rewards and punishments, suffices, in the main, to preserve in contented and cheerful obedience the two hundred little beings con- tided to our care. Cases however do arise, which require severer punishments. Bold and daring at- tempts to escape, and rude and obstinate disobedi- ence do occasionally occur, when corporal punish- ment — never however of a severe character — and solitary confinement — rarely of a protracted duration — are found indispensably necessary. The miscon- duct which renders necessary punishments of the last description, is almost invariably committed by those of the youth who are approaching the years of manhood. The experience of our Institution fully confirms the common opinion, that the hope of a de- linquent's reformation is inversely as his years; and that the benefit which an offender of mature age de- rives from the discipline of the Refuge, is greatly counterbalanced by the evil which he spreads around him. It must indeed be an obvious truth, that a youth of either sex, who has passed the years of child- hood — who adds a thorough acquaintance with vice to the untutored passions of early life, and who has felt all the attractions, and but slightly the bitter con- 257 sequences of guilt, is not included among those Juve- nile Delinquents, -whom, it was the design of this In- stitution, to receive, and cherish, and reform. The means of coercion and government possessed by the House of Refuge, were intended moreover for chil- dren, in the ordinary meaning of the term, and not for those who in bodily strength, temper, fixed habits, determination of character, and every thing except the legal definition of infancy, are separated from this class. It will be remembered, by those who have at- tended to the history of the House of Refuge, that some years since, a desperate plan of escape was formed and nearly executed, which cost the blood, and almost the lives of several of the officers. This was the work of a boy of nineteen years of age. In the past year, several daring plans of escape by vio- lent means, have been detected among the older boys. It is of importance that these facts should be under- stood and appreciated by the community, as, by a late statute, amendatory of the act incorporating this Society, every court in the state is empowered to send to the House of Refuge, such convicted children as shall be deemed by them to be proper objects. And under this authority, the Managers are very fre- quently compelled to receive boys, sentenced hither by courts influenced by deceptive statements of the ages of the offenders, or by the suggestion, as they respectfully conceive, of ill-judging compassion, who would have been excluded by a due consideration of the nature and objects of this Society. A statement of the receipts and expenditures of the Society during the past year, by Cornelius Dubois, Esq. the Treasurer of the Society, is annexed to this Report. Subjoined to this Report, will be also found a few histories of children who have heretofore been under our charge, and who were indentured under our su- pervision. The selection is made from a mass of cases, perhaps equally interesting, and could have been extended far beyond its present limits. In these short and simple annals, no attempt has been made by the Managers to alter or suppress the language of the communications of the children whose cases are 33 258 given, under the belief that their own artless, if im- perfect narratives, are the best form in which their stories can be presented to the public eye. But in histories of these children, preceding their entrance into the House of Refuge, the Managers have been compelled to throw a veil over many details, which would have heightened the contrast of the present situation of these little beings, snatched from the midst of vice of the deepest, and in some instances, most unnatural depravity. The Managers invite attention to the annual report of the Ladies' Committee, of whose services to the In- stitution — particularly the Female Department, it is difficult to speak in terms of adequate commendation, and sufficiently grateful acknowledgment. In closing this report, the Managers have only to observe that they are aware of no circumstances in which this Institution has failed to fulfil the wishes and hopes of its Founders and Patrons; and, on the con- trary, they feel encouraged by every view of this So- ciety and its effects, to persevere in their direction of this noble attempt on the part of the community, to stay the contagion of corrupting guilt, and to direct to paths of virtue and peace, the footsteps of erring and deserted childhood. \ 259 CO s w • ■5 to a W »- E S a =• g ^ S.. S S. '(<' 2. g" o S- ^•?' o' o §^ ^ 3 ^' o = o, o s 3>" 3 g-. • - pro 3 » S I 3 S o o ~ p £, o *= 2 — o P -1 o X S* < Sr P ^ (.J CD 3- t o. CO - W &; P <-♦ Cu UJ H".^ w; q a- "73 -i '^ ■! '" B w 1 Q^ 9 9 n ^' ". ^ m «l^ C5 ■- 1 to to 00 CO rfi. 1-1 03 I-' 1-1 o 00 .b. to O Ol o « -t^ p o (s i-i B >-' 3 00 csca M .'-^■^ tB CO C3 CO £-p ^» 2.P ?? 'rp SS *^ o p [g CD Jft gx, O 3 5-0 O p Oi O ST w o ?r p C 2.0 =i' 2 -;:co - o' ""^ ■= 3 g S: J" < ° o p 5 X C3 " Ca ^^ i-* — 2 3 p S. p" n P hI 9 S .-3 X "O ^ n p C ^ 0= "^e =-0 ^T3 c-o a-o O o B o r* 3 ■5 3 ►_. 3 3t G J?5 00 ^ x" 1^ CO cd "^ ^ a. «T3 3- §5 p C :? CO 1 3 It- C Q. 3 n P c o /i^ 3"~ 3" ' I '< p o o ^*< 3 (-5 ■5 ^S 3 EL •^cc i-i hO O to OT Ji. CD 10 Oi " -i^ ? 2 o •s 2* ^ ? I. OS ^^ Ob w5 • OS Pi 8 ft 260 J,!?I?IlSri©I!Sc REPORT OF THE LADIES' COMMITTEE. To the Managers of the Hoiise of Refuge, the Ladies' Committee Report — That since their last Annual Report, the Monthly Meetings of the Committee have been regularly held, and a Sub-Committee of their number have visited the House of Refuge at least once in •ach vv^eek during the past year. Minutes have been kept by the Committee and Sub-Committees, a summary of which will be laid before the Managers ; and to this summary they refer them for particulars of their proceedings. By a reference to our Minutes of the past year, we find general satisfaction is expressed with the order and management of the House. We believe the several Committees have endeavored as far as they could, to assist and advise with the IMatron on the ar- rangements necessary for the improvement and comfort of the fe- males committed to their superintendence, and to convince them that the path of virtue is the only one to happiness, while they ac- knowledge the necessity of Divine agency to make their counsel effectual. The usual duties of washing, making and mending the boys' and their ovtrn clothes and bedding, liave been accomplished by the girls with general satisfaction; which, together with school-exerci- ses, family devotion, and moral and religious instruction, have fully occupied them ; and we may notice an improvement in industry and order, aslthough we have to lament that we cannot, in every case acknowledge success. We believe, however, that the pasthaa not been a year of particular discouragement, but that we have the usual incitements to perseverance, leaving consequences with Him who alone can bless our efforts for the amelioration of these chil- dren of sorrow. The Committee express their pleasure with the effort now making, to give our larger inmates a more perfect knowledge of the taylor- ing business than they have hitherto had. We have long wished for a more profitable application of time for many of them, than the routine of the family furnishes. There will always be several of them, who, from various causes, will continue under our care until they are of age, and we feel very desirous, that when they leave us, they may be sufficiently instructed to gain a respectable living, if so disposed, with but little exposure. The subject of classification has long engaged much of our atten- tion, and we earnestly solicit your co-operation with our wishes on this subject. We know that it involves many difficulties, but not more than you have already encountered and successfully combated. We think onr usefulness would be much increased by a judicious separation between girls of sixteen and children often years of age, who are at present promiscuously instructed ; the former of whom must naturally be older in delinquency than the latter. We have before eaid to you, how pained we frequently are, ia 261 our walks through this city, with the sight of disgusting pauper- ism, which must almost with certainty eventuate in crime, if not prevented by adequate care ; and we do feel how much better and easier prevention is than reformation. And when we reflect that almost one half of our comfortable House is untenanted, we greatly desire for these children of destruction, so safe and efiectual a Re- fuge from contamination and suffering. We have painfully to acknowledge, since the date of our last Annual Report, the separation, by death, of our esteemed friend, Sophia Wyckoff. She is the first so separated from our Commit- tee since its formation. She was indeed one of those who fed the hungry, clothed the naked, and visited the sick and imprisoned ; and we humbly hope she has her inheritance with those who are blessed of God our Father. Her last moments were consoled with the belief that she should be permitted, through the merits of her Redeemer, to join the Heavenly company in praising and adoring the King of Kings and Lord of Lords. Before closing this Report, we note with gratitude, the general health of our inmates during the past year, and hope, as we perse- vere in attention to the objects of the Institution, we shall be en- couraged by beholding future improvement amongst them. SARAH C. HAWXHURST, Secretary, 12th mo. (December) 26th, 1831. SEIiECTIO]¥ OF CASES AIVD I.ETTERS From Apprentices, and from Persons to whom Apprentices have been bound. The following cases were furnished by the Super- intendent. It is his practice to write down the history of each child, taken from his own narration, on his ad- vent to the House. After the lapse of some time, the child is re-examined, and the accuracy of his first account is thus tested. In the following cases, it will be perceived, that the history of the child, preceding its entrance into the House of Refuge, consists of the narrative thus taken down by the Superintendent. The statements, &;c., following the cases of the boys, were also furnished by the Superintendent. BOYS. September 17, 1830. A. B., from the Police, aged 14 years the 22d of December last; born in New-York, of Irish parents. His father is an old porter; he occasionally drinks too much ; then, the boy says his father will swear off for a year at a time, but when the time is past will pay for all in excess of drinking. He has two sisters and one brother. A. and one of his sisters lived about two years in Paterson, where he was a good boy ; bHt his father took him home to go to school, when he soon coramen- 262 ced playing truant and going round the markets (Washington and Fulton) stealing fruit. He commenced, injunction with two others, stealing eggs from barrels standing by grocery stores, in which they were very suc- cessful, and one would pass and take a handful, and another would receive them at a convenient place, and sell them to a woman who keeps a victualing stand, by the name of , who gave them one shilling for eighteen eggs. This woman would give them three shillings per piece for smoked beef, and from four to eight shillings for hams by the lump; these articles, this boy and his companions were very successful in stealing. He stole hats occasionally, some- times they stole cocoa-nuts from stands and vessels, lead frequently, and sometimes old rope ; but his associates told him that was too low, that he could make more at more honorable stealing. He once stole an umbrella in Maiden-lane, once he stole from the pocket of a drunken man three shillings, and at another time one shilling and eleven-pence from a money drawer in Hudson-street. He was very successful in selling stolen handkerchiefs about the markets : they frequently stole clothes when they would be out to dry. A. was in the act of stealing a pair of pantaloons from a yard near the white fort, North River, when he was detected, taken and sent here. He would be frequently away from home, first one night, then a week and three weeks at a time, sleeping in shavings in new buildings, lumber yards, <&c. He and his companions had curious names for different articles that they stole, so as not to be understood by honest men : for in- stance, smoked beef or hams were smokers, hats cadies, shoes and boots crabs, handkerchiefs wipers, vests garvises, trowsers kickers, watches thimbles, shirts and other articles taken from yards were gooseberries ; when they proposed to plan to get articles of this kind, they would say we will go a gooseberrying ; crockery and glass from crates would be tapping crates, a trunk they called Peter. They often deposited their goods in lumber yards and slept in them. He often went to the Theatre. By the above, we see that this unfortunate, interesting boy, had learned many lessons in one year, and was in the broad road to destruction. On re-examination, the boy thinks it likely that he stole many other things; that he cannot remember all. Enters 6th class — could not read in the New Testament. September 27th, 1831. — He was indentuied to Mr. V. D., Prin- ter, of . It was a matter of much pleasure to the Managers, to witness the great improvement in this boy, snatched from the haunts of vice, rapidly running into such crimes as must, had there not been a House of Refuge, have soon added to the number in our Peniten- tiary or State's Prison. The moral influence used in our Institu- tion, had a visible effect upon his mind, and by degrees he became a good boy. He selected such company as prided themselves in doing as well as they knew how : and before he left the House, ar- rived to the highest grade of the Class of Honor. It will be observed, that when he came here, he could not read intelligibly the New Testament ; but to show his advancement, we will here insert a letter from his master, relative to the boy. 263 N , Nov. 14, 1831. N. C. Hart, Dear Sir, — You no doubt wonder at my silence with respect to the boy A. B. I did expect to have visited you ere this, or 1 should certainly have answered yours of the 26th October, previ- ous to this time : with respect to him, I have the satisfaction to inform you, and the rest of his friends, that his conduct, so far, has proved entirely satisfactory. He is obedient, active, willing, and very apt, and appears to do everything that he is requested to, with cheerfulness. Considering the time he has been with us, he has made very great progress, certainly more than we did expect of him ; although he has not been with us two months yet, he can set very near a column of our paper per day, which, I am proud to say, I consider rather extraordinary. He appears to be perfectly satisfied with his situation, and says he has no desire to associate with his former street companions. I have no doubt, sir, he will prove an honor to your house and to himself. I am, Dear Sir, Yours, Respectfully, J. V. D . Jul]/ 15, 1830. C. D., from the Police, aged 15 years the 9th of May, last; born in Ireland, his father is a stone cutter by trade, and carries on the business in , keeps journeymen and apprentices, at which business he put this boy, but he would not work with his father. Said that he first began to run away from home about five years ago ; would be absent from one week to a month at a time, sleeping in stables, &c. — would steal old rope, copper, iron, lead, (fee: in fact, almost any thing that he could lay his hands upon: frequently was very successful in stealing old copper from the Dry Dock; not uncommon to make six shillings per day. Says the opportunities for stealing old copper at the Dry Dock, make many boys thieves. He stole money several times from his father, from two shillings to two dollars at a time ; sometimes would go over to Long Island and pick peas, &-c. He contracted an ardent thirst for rum, which was to him a serious harm. He states, as one reason why his home was disagreeable to him, that his father drank hard, and would often go home intoxicated, quarrel with his mother, and raise mobs about the house. He used to find market for his stolen goods at , in ■ street. After an absence of three weeks, his father discovered where he was, had him taken up and sent here. C. D. entered the 7th Class — that is, could read moderately in the New Testament. After he had been here a few months, the Superintendent made the following written remarks to his history, which is his custom to do to every case occasionally, as their cases may be. "C. D.has a good deal of natural cleverness about him, we are sometimes almost ready to confide in him, but fear his habits have been so long badly fixed, as to require a longer probation." However, a mason by trade, who was represented to be a reli- gious man, wanted an apprentice, and it was thought as he had some knowledge of stone cutting, it would be to his advantage to 264 put him to this business, he was selected for that purpose — when called to converse with the gentleman and to ascertain whether he would be pleased to go with him and learn the Mason's trade, (as the Managers are careful never to compel a child to go with any person, nor to any trade contrary to their wishes,) his first remark was that he would be willing to go providing liquor could be kept from him ; that being easily disposed of, he was indentured accor- dingly, and in rather less than a year after he came to the house. It appears that his Master last summer built a large stone House for M. in Connecticut, brother to one of our Managers, who wrote to him recently, "we have so far progressed towards finishing the "house, and not a drop of ardent spirits has been used by any of " the workmen, but we have been greatly favored with the out " pouring of the Spirit of the Lord," enumerating how many of his workmen and neighbors had become the subjects of grace, he says " C. D. is one of the members, and his light shines daily, his de- "portment corresponds with his profession, he is a fine boy, has •'joined a Christian Church, and is much beloved." August 18, 1829. E. F., from the Police, aged he says 16 years, but we judge l4 the 4th of July last, born in Ireland, his father sells potatoes, clams, &c. his parents both drink, but his mother is very intemperate, his father (the boy says) used to beat him very unmercifully, for being a bad boy, he often ran away from home, once he was absent 15 months in diflerent parts of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Paterson, Lehigh &c. used to steal difllerent articles from his father and oth- ers, would often sleep out nights, would drink very hard, often get very drunk, a few days since in company with went into a house while selling clams, saw a man lying drunk, they conclu- ded to sound him, and stole a Pocket Book containing six dollars, but were so profuse in spending it in the [neighborhood that it led to their detection. He was in the practice of driving a Horse and Cart or Wagon to sell the above articles, consequently could get as much rum as he wanted, often drank 10 and 12 glasses per day. Entered 8th class. We find that after he had been here about 5 months, the Super- intendent remarked under his history that E. improved, and had become a boy that afforded some promise, and professed to have lost his desire for ardent spirits, but to the regret of all concerned, he was persuaded some time after to unite with two larger boys in making arrangements to escape, in which he was detected ; this, connected with his former very intemperate habits, caused the Managers to think it best to give him a long probation before they parted with him. For several months before they parted with him, he evinced a uniform, industrious, moral course, showing much contrition for his errors; consequently after remaining in the House about 20 months M. of made application for a boy as an apprentice to the shoe-making business. The indenturing Committee made thorough investigation as to the character of the man, his family, &c. They were not only satisfied that M. was a very suitable man to have an apprentice, but that all his appren- tices had joined the Temperate Society, in the place where he lived, as well as their Master, and were suitably zealous in this 265 good cause, consequently they thought this a very suitable place for the boy who was formerly in "the practice of drinking 10 and 12 glasses per day. Some months after M. called and informed the gentleman who furnished him with the boy, that E. was a very fine j'^outh, moral, modest, sober and industrious, and that he had frequently sent him to collet money, and had never discovered any thing improper in his apprentice, that he attended Sabbath School, &,c. and was so much pleased with him, that he would be glad to have another from the Institution. Oct. 21, 1830. G. H. from the Commissioners, aged 10 years the 4th of July last, born in Philadelphia of Irish parents, his mother died about 5 years ago, and his father a shoe-maker, died about 4 or 5 months since, he then was left in charge of his step-mother. It appears that when his friends made application to the Commissioners to have him sent here, they represented him to be a disobedient bad boy, running about the streets, playing truant from school, sleep- ing out at night, going with bad boys, who Avould accasionally steal &c. they sent him here. On examining the boy himself, he says that he ran away because his step mother beat him, he would sleep almost any where, when night overtook him, in sand and coal boxes, &c. then up in the morning, away to the Dry-Dock, steal copper, or any thing that he could get, and when he could not supply the calls of nature by stealing, then he would beg. Entered the 7th class. The following remark was made by the Superintendent some months after he had been in the house, under the head of remarks on the page of his history* G., is a bright, intelligent, interesting, little fellow, and we set much store by him. On the 6th of Oct. 1831. He was indentured to Mr. J. D. of ^— — town County, State of New York. Since which the following letter has been received from the boy in his own hand writing ; Nov. 24, 1831. Dear Sir, — I with pleasure inform you that I am in good health, and like my master and mistress well. They are very kind to me. We have every day something that is good. He has given me two suits of clothes. I have a good bed to sleep in : but he is very angry if I tell him a crooked story. He has once boxed my ears for telling him that I had watered his horse, when I had not water-, ed him. I drive the horse for him when he goes abroad with his one horse wagon ; then my fingers got cold, but now I have got a new pair of mittens to keep my hands warm. I have learned the printed instructions you gave me by heart, and I intend to follow them, for my master has promised me that if I be a good boy, he will be a good master, if I be a bad boy he will be a hard master. But I choose the good part. I intend, as much as in me lies, to follow your good advice, for whicli I kindly thank you. I am go- ing to school on Monday next. Our school house is near by. I remain your obedient boy, G. H* To Nathaniel C. Hart. 34 266 Jan. 8, 1831 — J. J. K., from the Police, aged 13 year?, tlie29t& of August last, born in New-York, of American parents. His fa- ther was a carpenter by trade, died 6 or 7 years ago ; after which his mother took in sewing and washing, but she died about three years ago. Since Avhich time he has been principally nnder the care of his uncles residing in . He once lived with ' who keeps stages, &-c. at , returned to his uncle in ■ and went to school, rendering assistance as the cases required. Last February, being a tolerable scholar, he, by the influence of Mr. , got a situation with Mr. , where he remained some months, and he thinks gave satisfaction. Would often have several thousand dollars given him to deposit in the bank, or pay away. His aunt, with whom he boarded, was very strict with him, allowing him but 20 minutes to be at her house after he shut up his office at 3 o'clock. Towards the close of July, the boy took a notion to go to after he closed his office — did not return until 6 o'clock in the evening — his aunt scolded him very hard, and gave him to understand that he might clear out, and go about his business, and let his uncles take care of him, if he was running there, neglecting to come home at the appointed time. He felt rather dissatisfied with the reception he met with, and left his aunt the next morning. It appears that his wages were drawn by his aunt to pay board, &c. ; there being ^17 due, he forged an order for ^lO of it, and ran away. Went to , worked a little while in one place, and then to another ; was doing very poorly : shunned his relatives, and was doubtless in the broad way to destruction, when they interfered, and had him taken before the authorities, and sent here. — Entered the 9th class. He was indentured, the 27th of September last, to Mr. of — Co, Conn. Shoe-maker. The following letter was re- cently received from him. ■.Conn., Dec. 12, 1831. Mr. Nathaniel C. Hart, — I take my pen in hand to inform you that I am well, and hope these few lines will find you the same. I have got a good place, and am doing well. I am going to school at present to a good man. I am used well, and have every advan- tage that can be wished for. I had the pleasure of seeing my pister before I left New-York. I also had a meeting with my old school-master at Wilton, who has often given me good advice ; and if I had taken it, I should ;[aever have been in the House of Refuge. But I feel it a blessing that I have seen the House of Refuo^e. Had it not been for the good instructions! have received there, I might long ago been ruined. My eyes got well in about three days, so that I could work as well as ever, by washing them morning and evening in eye Avater procured by Mr. I like the country, and enjoy liberty with thanks, and with pleasure, and thank you and Mr. Roe for the good instructions which I have received from you both : though I confess with shame and with sorrow, that I did not deserve it as well as I ought to have done. I am now at work a little, closing shoes at night and go to school in the day time. Give my respects to Mr. Mon- mouth B. Hart, Mr. Roe, and Mr. Joseph Belden, when you see 267 him again. Tell G. D. that I hope he will conduct himself so that I may have the pleasure of seeing him at liberty. Please send me an answer as soon as you get this letter. I am your humble and obedient servant, I. J. K. Extract of a letter from the Rev. David Terry, jun. to one of his friends in this city. « Please tell Mr. Hart, that E. F. and G. H. are living on the circuit that I travel. I saw E. F. with his master ; he was dressed like a gentleman. G. H. " is all alive in religion, and I understand is very gifted — that is, he exhibits superior talents for a boy of his years," 189 August, 2 - 187 (( 9 . 189 (( 16 . 193 (( 23 . 196 (( 30 - 200 September, 6 - 200 (( 13 . 205 (( 20 . 205 (( 27 . 208 October, 4 • 208 (( 11 . 202 (( 18 . 203 (( 25 . 19S November, 1 . 197 (( 8 . 190 (. 15 - 191 (( 22 < 191 <( 29 - 195 December, 6 . 193 (( 13 - 194 (( 20 - 197 (( 27 - 198 January, 2 - 182 271 WORK DONE BY THE BOYS. BRUSH MANUFACTORY. 600 dozen Shoe Brushes. ' 120 dozen Scrubbing Brushes. 400 dozen Hair Brushes. 3U0 dozen Cloth Brushes. 70 dozen Horse Brushes. 30 dozen Hat Brushes. 30 dozen Flesh Brushes. 6 dozen Nail Brushes. 5 dozen Table Brushes. 1200 pound Bristles, assorted and combed. 900 pound Bristles picked. 800 pound Bristles washed and bleached. 600 dozen Shoe Brushes finished. 120 dozen Scrubbing Brushes finished. 400 dozen Hair Brushes finished. 300 dozen Cloth Brushes finished. 70 dozen Horse Brushes finished. 30 dozen Hat Brushes finished. 30 dozen Flesh Brushes finished. 6 dozen Nail Brushes finished. 5 dozen Table Brushes finished. CABINET SHOP. 675 Bedsteads made, 75 Pine Tables made, 25 Cherry Tables made, 50 Wash Stands made. jeweller's shop. 1680 dozen pairs of Black Bead Ear Rings or drops, 20 dozen Safety Chains. CANE CHAIR BOTTOM MANUFACTORY. Cane Chair Bottoms or Seats made as follows : 67 dozen plain or thin Maple Seats, 636 dozen plain solid front do. 165 dozen curled maple, do. do. 18 dozen sewing chair do. 3^ dozen curled maple raised back do. 481 dozen curled maple box seats, 1 dozen seats and backs caned for large arm chairs, 22 dozen small seats for children, 5 dozen old chairs re-bottomed, 63 dozen stools for steam boats, 1 dozen counter stools, 14 oval stools for Piano Forte seats, 32 dozen frames for thin seats, made for shipping, 9 dozen birds eye solid front seats, 68 settee bottoms, Making 916 doz. seats made complete, besides the settees, old chairs, &-c. 18000 pounds rattan knotted and scoured, 1800 pounds of cane dressed fit for seats. 272 The frames of the seats are cut from rough plank and boards — made and poHshed complete by the children. Also, the rattan as imported, cleansed, split and dressed by do. SHOE SHOP. About 400 pairs new shoes, for both houses. A large number of do. mendsd. Boys do all their own cooking. SCHOOL REPORT. l_From the Superintendent.^ In consequence of sickness, &c. it has been necessary to make a change in our Teachers during the past year, which has prevented my receiving a correct account of the promotions from the school department for the whole year ; therefore, that you may judge of the present rapid improvement of our well organized school, I shall only give you an exhibit of the advances of the children for the last three months in their various departments. In Spelling and Reading there have been promoted From 1st to 2d class. Boys' department, 2 " 2d to 3d class, " " 9 " 3d to 4th class, " " 20 " 4th to 5th class, " " 31 • " 5th to 6th class, " " 38 " 6th to 7th class, " " 30 " 7th to 8th class, " " 32 " 8th to 9th class, " " 22 It will be understood that those who enter the 1st class do not know their letters, &c. ; the 9th class are understood to be those who read with much ease, and a good degree of elegance. PROMOTIONS IN ARITHMETIC. From Addition to Subtraction, - " 63 " Subtraction to Multiplication, - 43 " Multiplication to short and long division, 39 " Division to the Compound Rules, - 25 " The Compound Rules to Reduction, 3 " Reduction to the Rule of Three, - 2 " The Rule of Three to Interest, - 2 There are now 139 boys in the School. All write on Slates, 45 on Paper. In looking over the Girls' School, I find seven now in the House that have been received during the last year, who could not read when they came here, but who can now read the Scriptures, and write a fair hand. There are 43 Girls in the House ; 18 of that number write on pa- per. The girls have been taught by the Assistant Matron for about nine months past. 273 ARTICLES MADE BY GIRLS IN 1831. [^Furnished hy the MatronJ] Chemises, Shirts Pantaloons, Roundabouts Jackets, Petticoats, Frocks, - - - Bed Ticks, Brown Rollers, - Brown Aprons, Sheets for cells, - 75 Spreads made and quilted, 18 439 Stockings run, (pair) - 311 511 Stockings knit, " - 10 307 Stockings footed, " - 16 29 Carpeting made, (yards) 243| 116 Silk Shades for Eye Infirmary, 60 68 Waistcoats for girls,- - 30 56 White Vandikes, - - 7 54 Bed Gowns for Hospital, 2 117 Night caps, - - • 60 Shirts, Pantaloons, Chemises, Stockings, (pair) ARTICLES MENDED. - 2350 Blankets - 1359 Bed Ticks, - 57 Pieces Washed, - 1222 98 58 62,000 35 274 OtTieers of the Society* STEPHEN ALLEN, President. CORNELIUS DUBOIS, \ JOHN GRISCOM, HENRY I. WYCKOFF, \ y^,^ p^^sidents JAMES LOVETT, ^ vue rresiaents. PETER SHARPE, HUGH MAXWELL, CORNELIUS DUBOIS, Treasurer. FREDERICK SHELDON, Secretary. JOHN STEARNS, M. D. I pj,,,,:.i^ns and Surgeons GALEN CARTER, M. D. § -^''^^'"^'** ''''^ i^urgeons. Indenturing Committee. ROBERT C, CORNELL, WILLIAM F. MOTT, HEMAN AVERILL. Acting* Committee. JAMES LOVETT, WILLIAM KENT, FREDERICK A. TRACY, JACOB DRAKE, JOHN HUNTER, WILLIAM W. FOX, P. R. STARR. ZMCanagers, Stephen Allen, James Lovett, John Stearns, Heman Averill, Rufus L. Lord, P. R, Starr, Robert C. Cornell,William F. Mott, William L, Stone, Cornelius Dubois, Hugh Maxwell, Frederick A. Tracy,, Jacob Drake, Dennis M'Cartht, M. Van Schaick, William W. Fox, Russel H. Nevins, Henry I. Wyckoff, John Griscom, Ralph Olmsted, John W. Wyman, John Hunter, Nath'l Richards, Robert D. Weeks, Jacob Harvey, Fred'k Sheldon, Silas Brown, William Kent, Peter Sharpe, B. L. Woolley, Ladies' Committee. Isabella Buloid, Ann L. Mott, Margaret Beers, Rebecca M'Comb, Almy Cornell, Esther Seymour, Deborah L. Embree, Martha Willis, Charlotte L. Fox, Ann Warner, Maria L. Hyde, Eliza Tomlinson, Sarah C. Hawxhurst, Sarah Lavender. Phebe Mott, Bouse of Refuge. NATHANIEL C. HART, Superintendent. W. SAMPSON, Assistant Superintendent. REBECCA ORAM, Matron. CLARISSA NICHOLS, Assistant Matron. MONMOUTH B. HART, Teacher. RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE HOUSE OF REFUGE, Requisites which the House of Refuge possesses for tJte Reforma- tion of Juvenile Delinquents. 1. The Means of Security, 6, Allowance of Food and 2. Inspection. Clothing, 3. Classification, 7, Space for Exercise con- 4. Constant Employment. ducive to Health. 6. Religious and Moral In- 8. Separation of the Sexes. sTRUCTioN. 9- Attendance upon the Sick. The introduction of labor into the House of Refuge will be regarded principally with reference to the moral benefits, and not merely to the profits, to be derived from it. Preference will be given to those trades, the knowl- edge of which may enable the delinquents to earn their subsistence, on their discharge from the House. LABOR, The Children shall be employed every day in the year, except Sundays, at such labor, business, or em- ployment, as may from time to time be designated by the Acting Committee ; and, in order that the chil- dren may be properly instructed in the Arts or Trades at which they may be employed, the Superintendent shall, with the approbation of the Acting Committee, engage as Assistant Keepers, persons who are prop- erly qualified to give such instruction. A LIST OF EMPLOYMENTS AT PRESENT CARRIED ON IN THB HOUSE OF REFUGE. BOYS. . . '^''l^f-. Tailoring. Cutting out and Making Wear- ing Apparel for Boys and Girls. Washing, Ironing, and Mend- ing for Boys and Girls. Plain Cooking, and House Work generally. Shoe Making. Brush Making. Basket Work on Bottles, dfC. Brass Nail Making and Plait- ing. Box Making. Chair Making. Turning. These may be increased or changed for other em- ployments, as circumstances may require and the Committee direct. 276 FOOD. The Children shall be fed with a sufficient quantity of coarse, but wholesome Food, and in conformity with a Dietary to be established by the Acting Com- mittee. The greatest economy and plainness shall be used in furnishing food for the children. The Superinten- dent shall inspect every article, and take care that nothing unsound be admitted into the House, and that the contracts made for its supply are fairly executed. CLOTHING. The Children shall be clothed in coarse, but com- fortable apparel, of the cheapest and most durable kind. The cloth to be of a uniform color, and the clothes of the same cut or fashion. All the clothes, garments, shoes, &:c. must, if practicable, be made on the premises, and by the children. FEMALES AND MATRON. The Females shall eat their meals and lodge in sep- arate apartments from the males, with whom they shall have no intercourse or communication. The Females shall be placed under the immediate care and superintendence of a Matron or Female Keeper, who shall reside in the House, and shall at no time absent herself from the premises, without the permission of the Acting or Visiting Committee. None but the Matron shall search or examine the Female Delinquents. She shall superintend their work, and take charge of their clothes and bedding. She shall accompany the Superintendent or Physician, whenever it may be necessary for either of them to visit the apartments of the Females. She shall en- deavor to unfold to those under her charge, the ad- vantages of a moral and religious life, and to impress them with a conviction of the evils and miseries that attend the wicked and profligate. She shall, at the season set apart for the purpose, teach them the rudi- ments of education, and instruct them in the business of Housewifery, &.c. She shall be authorized to pun- ish them for offences against the rules of the House, or for indecorum in their behavior towards herself or 277 one another, and she shall regularly report to the Su- perintendent such matters relative to their deport- ment and conduct, and the punishment she has inflict- ed, with the nature otthe offence committed, as will be proper for him to lay before the Acting Committee. No female subject shall pass out of the female yard or house, into the public yard or any of the adjoin- ing tenements, upon any pretext whatever. And no boy, except the messenger, specially approved of by the Visiting Committee, shall go into the female house or yard, except to attend Divine Service on Sunday, or unless he is accompanied by an officer of the Insti- tution. PUNISHMENTS. If any child shall refuse or wilfully neglect to per- form the work required of him or her, or to obey the orders of the Superintendent or Assistant Keeper or Keepers, or shall use profane or indecent language, or shall assault or quarrel with a fellow delinquent, or shall make a noise or talk after having retired to the sleeping room, he or she shall be punished at a suitable time; and if, after this, such child persist in disobedience, he or she shall be confined in solitude for such time as the Superintendent may direct. If any child shall strike or resist the Keeper, or at- tempt to escape from the House, or shall wilfully injure any article belonging to the Society, he or she shall be punished. The Superintendent shall possess a discretionary power in awarding the punishment to offenders; but this must be exercised with great caution and judg- ment, and never under the influence of passion. He shall in all cases enter on the daily Journal, and re- port to the Acting Committee, a brief detail of the of- fence, and the punishment inflicted for the same. If it should ever be necessary to inflict corporal punishment upon /ema/e^, it shall only be done by or in the presence of the Matron. KINDS OF PUNISHMENTS THAT MA.Y BE USED IN THE HOUSE OF REFUGE. 1. Privation of play and exercise. 2. Sent to bed supperless at sunset. 278 3. Bread and water, for breakfast, dinner, and sup- per. 4. Gruel ivithout salt, for breakfast, dinner and sup- per. 5. Camomile, boneset, or bitter herb tea, for break- fast, dinner, and supper. 6. Confinement in solitary cells. 7. Corporal punishment, if absolutely necessary. 8. Fetters and handcuffs, only in extreme cases. WARDSMEN OR MONITORS. The Superintendent may, whenever in his opinion it shall be useful, appoint for each ten or more chil- dren, one of the delinquents as Wardsman or Monitor, who shall be selected from the most orderly, well be- haved, and best qualified for the purpose. The general duty of the Wardsmen shall be, to ob- serve the behavior and conduct of their respective classes ; to see that they daily wash their persons : that their sleeping and work rooms are regularly swept every morning, and washed or scrubbed once in each week; that the rooms and bedding be venti- lated and aired, and the night utensils removed and cleansed; and that decency and good order prevail throughout the class. The Wardsman shall be authorised to select from his class, in rotation, one of the number to perform the duty of sweeping, scrubbing, &c. and it shall be an offence against the rules, for any of the class to disobey the reasonable commands of the Wardsman. He shall report to the Superintendent any improper act committed by a member of his class immediately after its occurrence, in order that it may be corrected forthwith. ARRANGEMENT OF TIME. A bell shall be rung every morning one quarter of an hour before the unlocking of the lodging rooms, and also at the hour of unlocking, when every child shall be prepared to leave his room, in order to wash &c. previous to going to work. The time of beginning and leaving off work, of eat- ing breakfast, dinner, and supper, of attending school, and of retiring to sleep, shall be in conformity with 279 a table prepared by the Acting Committee, and each time shall be designated by the ringing of the bell, as the Superintendent may direct. CLASSIFICATION. The Bovs and Girls shall be classed accordinsf to their moral conduct, and as soon as practicable there shall be four grades of classes formed, viz: Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4. Class No. 1, shall include the best behaved and most orderly Boys and Girls: those who do not swear, lie, or use profane, obscene, or indecent language or conversation, who attend to their work and studies, are not quarrelsome, and have not attempted to es- cape. Class No. 2. Those who are next best, but who are not quite free from all the foregoing vices and practices. Class No. 3. Those who are more immoral in con- duct than Class No. 2. Class No. 4. Those who are vicious, bad, and wicked. Badges bearing the number of each class, shall be worn on the arm, at all times in the day. In case of improper and bad conduct, the children in Classes, Nos. 1, 2, or 3, shall be transferred or de- graded by the Superintendent to the lower or lowest Class. And for improvement, or good conduct, in Classes 4, 3, or 2, they may be transferred or promo- ted to a higher class. The children in Class No. 1, who behave well, and are orderly and correct in their conduct, may be re- warded by the Superintendent, in the presence of all the children, and of the Acting Committee. Those children who have behaved well for three months in succession, shall be allowed to wear a badge of distinction and approbation. SUPERINTENDENT AND KEEPER. The Superintendent and Keeper shall have the general superintendence of the House of Refuge, and shall carry into effect all the rules and regulations adopted by the Acting Committee for its management and government. 280 He shall keep a register of every child committed to his custody, the name, age, and description of per- son ; when received, by whom committed, on what charge, in what part of the House confined, when discharged, and such other remarks as may be prop- er and useful, including a brief historical sketch. He shall keep a regular aud separate account of the expense incurred for the keeping of the children placed under his charge, with every item properly designated; also, an inventory of the whole personal property within the House belonging to the Society, and the manner in which the same may have been disposed of, to be submitted to the Acting Committee, every half year, or oftener if required. He shall keep a record of the events worthy of note, that may occur daily during the recess of the Committee, and submit the same for inspection at every meeting. He shall daily inspect every part of the House and premises in person, and shall not absent himself from the establishment for a night without permission from the Acting or Visiting Committee. He shall exercise the authority delegated to him with firmness, moderation and discretion : but in or- der that the certainty of punishment may deter from a repetition of offence, he shall permit no offence against the rules to pass without some punishment. He shall, under the instruction of the Acting Com- mittee, procure the necessary supplies for the House, and purchase such materials as may be necessary and indispensable for the employment of the children; and he shall dispose of such manufactured articles, as the Committee, may direct, and credit the Society for all receipts from such sales. By the direction and sanction of the Committee, he may contract with mechanics or others for the ser- vices of the children under his charge, or any number of them, to be employed within the walls of the es- tablishment, at such business as may be mutually ap- proved by the parties. He shall allow none of the children to be absent from the premises, without special permission in wri- ting first obtained from the Committee for that pur- pose 281 He shall have the uncontrolled direction of the Matron and Assistant Keeper or Keepers, in all mat- ters relative to carrying into effect the rules, regula- tions, and discipline of the House; and he shall be responsible for their acts and conduct v/hile on the premises, and in the employ of the Society. The Superintendent shall render quarterly to the Acting Committee, a detailed account of receipts and expenditures on account of the House of Refuge. TEACHER AND ASSISTANT KEEPERS. The Matron and Assistant Keeper or Keepers shall conduct themselves in strict conformity with the rules of the Establishment; they are to receive their orders from the Superintendent, and to obey his di- rections. They shall not absent themselves from the House, without the leave of their principal. ACTING COMMITTEE. The Board of Managers, shall choose, from their own number, an Acting Committee consisting of seven members ; one of whom shall go out of office monthly, and a new member be chosen to supply his place. The Acting Committee shall meet four times a month, for the transaction of business, once at the House and three times in town. The Acting Committee shall appoint a sub-commit- tee of two, to visit the House of Refuge weekly, one of whom shall retire each month, and a new one be appointed. The visiting committee shall record in a book, to be submitted to the Acting Committee, such observations on the cleanliness of the House, and the conduct of the officers and children, as may seem to them proper. From these records, summary minutes shall be made by the Acting Committee, and laid be- fore the stated meetings of the Managers. The Acting Committee shall be empowered to ap- point a temporary Assistant or Assistants, for the pur- pose of instructing the children in the House of Ref- uge in any work, manufacture, or useful employment, which they may deem expedient to introduce into the House. The Acting Committee shall be authorised to en» 86 282 ter into such contracts, as they may think proper, with any person, for the employment of the children in any work, manufacture or trade. The Acting Committee shall appoint in rotation, one of its number, to attend at religious service in the chapel of the House of Refuge, on Sundays. The person appointed, shall furnish a substitute from the Board of Managers in case of unavoidable absence. Whenever any work above the value of five dol- lars is authorised to be done at the House of Refuge, when any of the boys or girls are put to labour at a stipulated price, or when a Superintendent, matron or other officer or servant of the House is hired, or a collector employed, contracts in writing shall be made by the Visiting Committee, with the party or parties respectively, which contracts shall be copied by the Superintendent into the contract book, kepi at the House for that purpose, and delivered by him to the Acting Committee at their next meeting. ladies' COMxMlTTEE. The Managers will annually appoint a Committee of thirteen Ladies, to visit the Female Delinquents. It shall be the duty of the Matron to attend upon the Ladies' Committee, to afford them every facility in their investigations, and give them all the informa- tion she possesses respecting the conduct of the fe- male house, the clothing and property belonging to it, the character and conduct of the girls, their profi- ciency in learning and good manners, and generally to advise and confer with the Ladies, relative to the affairs and management of this Department. The Committee of Ladies will visit the House of Refuo-e monthly, and they viill appoint in rotation a sub-committee of two of their number to visit it once in each week, to inspect the Female Department, to excite in the girls a sense of virtue and piety, to in- culcate habits of industry, cleanliness, and strict at- tention to the directions of the Matron and the rules of the House, and to reward those v^^ho shall distin- guish themselves for industry and good conduct. Minutes will be kept by the general and visiting committee, in a book, provided for that purpose, in 283 which they will note the order, cleanliness, and im- provement of the girls, and make such suggestions and remarks as they may deem proper and useful. These minutes will be read at the meetings of the Acting Committee, and a summary of them also at the stated meetings of the Managers. Should vacancies occur in this Committee by death or resignation, the Committee may appoint such La- dies as they shall have previously ascertained will, if elected, attend to the important duties devolving on them. The Committee of Ladies, will recommend to the Superintendent, the most suitable materials of cloth- ing for the male delinquents, and he will confer with them on the subject, when new clothing is required for the use of the male Refuge. They shall be empowered to purchase or procure, or may recommend to the Acting Committee, the most suitable clothing for the female Delinquents. The Committee of Ladies will report to the Super- intendent, for the use of the Indenturing Committee, such girls as may be fit to be bound out. In any other emergency, the Ladies will report to the Acting Com- mittee. f INDENTURING COMMITTEE. The Board of Managers shall annually choose from their own body an Indenturing Committee, to consist of three persons, who shall be (ex-officio) members of the Acting Committee. The Indenturing Committee shall meet weekly at the House of Refuge, they shall keep regular minutes of the business transacted by them, and shall monthly report to the Board of Managers a detailed state- ment of the number of children indentured, to whom indentured, place of residence, and references, and such other information, connected with their duty, as they may consider expedient and proper. The Indenturing Committee shall examine into the character and qualifications of the children, and at proper times endeavor to procure for them suitable places, as apprentices, to mechanics, manufacturers, and farmers, and as domestics, and in some cases as mariners. 284 The Committee shall obtain the best information practicable of the fitness of applicants to have chil- dren indentured to them, and when satisfied on this important head, they shall give permission in writing to the Superintendent to have the indentures execu- ted, and deliver the child. No child shall be indentured in the city, or delive- red up to its parents or guardians, without the consent of the Acting Committee. When any boy is to be indentured as a mariner or for the sea service, the consent of his parent or guar- dian, if he has any, shall first be obtained, if practica- ble, by the Indenturing Committee. The Superintendent shall present all written appli- cations for apprentices and servants to the indentur- ing Committee, by whom they shall be approved be- fore they are granted ; and no child shall be put to service out of the House, unless under regular inden- tures from the Society. A Bible and printed paper of advice relative to his or her future conduct, shall be given to each delin- quent when so apprenticed. The term of the apprenticeship of the Girls shall not extend beyond the age of 18 years ; they shall not be apprenticed to unmarried men, nor placed in board- ing-houses, or academies for boys. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent, under the direction of the Indenturing Committee, to corres- pond, as often as they may think necessary, with those to whom children have been indentured, to ascertain the general character and conduct of the child. DIVINE SERVICE. Divine Service shall commence in the Chapel, on the Sabbath at half past ten in the morning, and from the 1st of March to the 1st of November, at three o'clock in the afternoon, and from the 1st of Novem- ber to the I st of March, at half past two o'clock in the afternoon; and may be continued for one hour and a half each. There shall be no meetings held at any other time or place, experience having shewn that many of the children are unfit to attend, after their daily schooling and labor are finished. 285 Respectable visitors and the neighboring^ families, may be admitted to attend religious service in the Chapel, at the discretion of the Superintendent and upon his responsibility, but they are not to be suffered to remain on the premises, or to talk to the children, or have any intercourse with them. It is made the duty of the Superintendent to publish this rule to the audience, as often as may be necessary. No person shall be allowed to address the children at the meetings for worship, without the permission of the Superintendent or the Committee in Attendance. GENERAL REGULATIONS. No spirituous liquors shall, upon any pretence what- ever, (excepting by order of the Physicians,) be brought into any part of the premises of the House of Refuge. No species of gambling, nor of plays or games hav- ing a tendency thereto, shall be permitted at the House of Refuge. The wall, and ceilings of the wards, cells, rooms, and passages, used by the delinquents throughout the House of Refuge, shall be white-washed and thor- oughly cleaned at least twice in each year; which work shall be done by the delinquents, except on par- ticular emergencies. Every morning the day-rooms, work-rooms, passa- ges and cells shall be swept; the pans emptied, the dirt and ashes, and all filth and rubbish collected in the yard, removed to the place appropriated for the same. The day-rooms, working-rooms and sleeping cells, shall be washed once a week, or oftener if re- quisite. The doors of all the sleeping cells, and also the windows, when the weather will permit, shall be kept open during the day. The bedding of the House shall be hung up to air, whenever the Superintendent shall require it. The straw in the Mattresses shall be changed, and the corn-husk Mattresses scalded and washed as often as the Physicians may think proper. The blankets and coverlets shall be washed, at least once in three months, and in all cases clean bedding shall be pro- vided for every new delinquent. 286 No delinquent of any description shall, on any ac- count whatever, be confined in any apartment under ground, or where there is not sufficient light and ven- tilation. Every delinquent, seized with any disorder, shall be forthwith removed to the Infirmary ; and in case of any putrid or infectious disorder, to the Fever Ward therein. The cell, from which he or she was taken, shall immediately after such removal, be cleansed, fumigated, and white-washed. Bibles and Testaments, and such elementary books as may be thought necessary, shall be provided for the use of the children, to be distributed among them, at the discretion of the Acting Committee. The admission of visitors during the week, shall be restricted to Wednesdays and Fridays, excepting strangers, not residing in the city, and persons accom- panied by or having a written permission from a man- ager. Parents and guardians shall be permitted into the Refuge, to see their children, once in three months, upon the days appointed, under the inspection, of the Superintendent and Teacher, and their visits shall be confined to the hours between 12 and 4 o'clock. The Superintendent shall make weekly reports of the sums he receives from the contractors for the la- bor of the boys, together with the balances due, and the names of those contractors who do not pay every Saturday. The Superintendent shall pay over to the Treasurer, at least once a month, all the monies he receives be- longing to the House. It shall be the duty ofthe Visiting Committee to call upon the contractors, whenever it may be necessary, and to see that they pay with punctuality. Not less than from three to four hours shall be de- voted to the literary instruction ofthe subjects of the Refuge. The Superintendent shall report the hours of employ, every month, so that new arrangements may be made by the Acting Committee to suit the chang- ing seasons. No boy or girl shall be permitted to receive money or presents of any kind, while a subject ofthe Refuge. 287 The Superintendent shall keep a notice of this regula- tion, on the bojs' house and the gate, for the govern- ment of parents and visitors. As no person can be received into the premises who is not engaged under contract, or committed ac- cording to law, it is made the duty of the Superinten- dent to report the name of any person or persons, male or female, who shall have staid in the Refuge du- ring the week, or any day or night of the week prece- ding his report. And the Acting Committee shall take cognizance of the case without delay. The gate-keeper shall not admit any person, with- out permission of the Superintendent, or by his ex- press orders, unless he bears a permit from, or is in- troduced by, a manager. Any violation of this rule shall be reported to the Acting Committee, and will subject the gate-keeper to immediate dismission. The person who may be appointed collector to the House, shall once a month furnish the Treasurer with a list of the subscribers and donors, from whom collec- tions may have been made ; and at the same time shall pay the moneys collected, into the hands of the Treasurer. It shall be the duty of the Treasurer, to examine the collector's books and accounts, at the period above named, and if any omission or defalcation is discove- red, he shall immediately report the same to the Act- ing Committee. The Treasurer shall, once a year, publish a list of subscribers and donors, in any two or more of the public papers. At their meeting next after the annual election, the Board of Managers will appoint a Finance Committee, to consist of two members to serve for one year. Any vacancies in this committee will be filled up at the discretion of the Board. The securities and vouchers taken by the Finance Committee, shall, as soon as received, be delivered by them to the Acting Committee, who shall cause them to be copied into their book of minutes, and then to be transferred to the Treasurer for safe keeping and collection when due. *1 JDIS€OlIMSE ON OPENING THE NEW BUILDING IN THE HOUSE OF REFUGE, NEW- YORK ; ESTABLISHED FOR THE REFORHATION OF JUVENILE DE- LINQUENTS. DELIVERED DECEMBER 25tH, 1825, IN PRESENCE OF THE MANAGERS OF THE INSTITUTION, THE HONORABLE THE MAYOR AND C0M3I0N COUNCIL OF THE CITY, SOJIE OF THE MEM- BERS OF THE LEGISLATURE, AND MANY OF ITS PATRONS AND FRIENDS. BY JOHN STANFORD, A. M. Once rude and ignorant we were, ' With natures prone to stray! Blest now by Pilj's kindest care, We hear of Wisdom's way. The soul untaught is dark as night. Where every evil dwells ; All hail Instruction's sacred light. Which all this night dispels! SS. — e®©— New-York, Jan. 10, 1820. At a meeting of the Board of Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, the following Resolutions were passed : — Resolved — That the thanks of this Board be presented to the Rev. John Stanford, for his very able and appropriate Discourse, on the opening of the House of Refuge, on the 25th of December last. Resolved — That the Rev. Mr. Stanford be requested occasionally, and when his other public engagements will allow, to visit the House of Refuge. Resolved — That the Rev. Mr. Stanford be requested to furnish a copy of his late Discourse, deUvered at the opening of the New Building, for the use of the Delinquents at the House of Refuge. Copied from the Minutes, ROBERT F. MOTT, Secretary. To the Honorable Cadwallader D. Colden, President, and the Gentlemen composing' the Board of Directors of the KOirSS or RErVGE, M the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, SThliS HtSiCOttt^tC is Most • Respectfully DEDICATED, by JOHN STANFORD. 289 ADVERTISEMENT. The House of Refuge owes its origin to the Society for the Prevention of Pauperism in the City of New- York : — a voluntary association, formed by a number of citizens for the purpose of tra- cing the evils of poverty to their actual sources, and of suggesting and urging such remedies as might be deemed practicable, for a certain portion of those evils. The results of the investigations and deliberations of this Soci- ety, were given to the public in several successive annual and spe- cial reports, which excited among the benevolent citizens of the metropolis, no inconsiderable share of solicitude that the city might avail itself of those suggestions ; inasmuch as it was plainly per- ceived, that without some energetic efforts to arrest the progress of vice and its attendant poverty, the burthen of the city for the maintenance of its poor would increase to an alarming degree. Among those evils, the subject of juvenile delinquency presented itself to the Society in a formidable shape. The report on that subject, detailing the nature and amount of the evil, and proposing an establishment, separate from the City and State Prisons, for the confinement and reformation of juvenile criminals and vagrant youth, elicited so much cordiality of feeling, that the sum of^ 15,000 was promptly subscribed by the citizens, and a special Society formed, for carrying the plan into operation. These objects have been so fully approved by the Governor and Legislature, that the Society has been incorporated, and a legislative provision made for its support, which, with the liberality of the citizens, will, it is presumed, prove sufficient to secure its continuance and prosperity. The Institution was opened on the first of January, 1825, with nine subjects, sentenced by the police to the control of the Soci- ety. The number at the present time, (July, 1826,) is, 94 boys and 24 girls. When the buildings which are now in progress shall have been completed, the Institution will accommodate 140 boys, and 70 girls. Four hours of each working day are devoted to literary instruc- tion ; and the remainder, with the exception of meals, and a mod- erate portion of time for relaxation, to the work shops. The Managers are abundantly encouraged, from the success al- ready obtained, to hope for extensive usefulness in the reformatory influence of the Institution, over the minds and characters of its subjects : most of whom, Avithout such a timely agency, would in all probability be led, by the force of corrupt associations, into habits of deep and irretrievable criminality. 3? 290 DISCOURSE. Exodus II. 0. Take this child aioay and nurse ii for me, and I will give thee thy ivages. It has frequently been asserted, that when a child is destined for some eminent station and usefulness in life, its birth is usually accompanied with some strong marks of distinction. This certainly was the case with Moses, who was designated by the Al- mighty to be the deliverer of the Israelites from their bondage in Egypt ; and afterwards to become their Lawgiver, Prophet, and General through the wilder- ness to inherit the land of Canaan. About the 320th year of the Hebrew captivity, it is said, There arose up a new king over Egypi-, which knew not Joseph. ^V hich I presume, is nut to be understood, that he was igno- rant such a person had lived in Egypt, was raised from obscurity to dignity, and preserved multitudes alive amidst the ravages of famine: but, that he had no esteem for him, because he was an Hebrew; and therefore cultivated an implacable enmity to Joseph's brethren, who had so exceedingly increased that it alarmed his fears for the safety of his kingdom. This excited his cruelty to lay unjustifiable burdens upon tliis people ; but the more he affiicted them^ the more they muUiplied and greiv. Disappointed in this measure, he commanded, that when the Hebrew women should bring forth their male children, the midwives should destroy them in their birth, in this also the king was disappointed; for, to the humanity and honour of those females it is said, the midwives feared God, and did not as the king of E'^ypt commanded them^ but saved the men children alive; and then made an excuse for their conduct. This so exasperated the king, that, he chars^ed ail his people, saying, Every son that is born ye shall cast into the river, and every daughter ye shall save a- lli^e. — Cruel wretch, in the character of a king! his edicts are here recorded as perpetual brands of his infamy. At this time lived Amram and Jochebed, two pious 291 Israelites of the tribe of Levi. God had already blessed them uilh a son whose name was Aaron, and a daughter called Miriam. Now, a third child is added to the number ; it was a son of a beautiful coun- tenance, and excited the most ardent alTections of his parents. But, the edict! the cruel mandate of Pharaoh, which sentenced the lovely child to death in the waters of the Nile, overwhelmed them with sorrow. The fond parents determined to conceal the infant as long as possible, and retained it within their arms for three months, but could do so no longer. God, who foresees all events, to accomplish his own purposes, no doubt dictated to the mother the expedient of making an Ark^ or close basket of bul- rushes; and it is said, she daubed it tvith slime and with pitch, to keep out the water. Into this ark, she laid her tender infant, closed the lid, and in faith on the God of Israel, laid it in the flags by the river's brink, whether for life, or death.* Say, ye tender mothers! what were your feelings, when on the loss of an infant by death, it was laid in the coflin, and before the lid was closed, you gave with your lips, the last token of affection ! Ye best can tell the feeling of the mother of Moses, when in tears she closed the lid of the ark, and left him in the waters of danger. On this very day, the providence of God directed the feet of Pharaoh's daughter, in company with her maidens, to go down to the river and wash. Whether this was for the purpose of pleasure, for health, or as an act of idolatrous worship, is not so material for us to determine. As she walked by the river, she saw a something among the flags; curiosity prompted an order to her maidens to fetch it; the lid was opened; she saw the child; and behold! the babe wept. Had we been present, we should have perceived her sur- prize; the tears of Moses in distress awakened her sympathy; her generous bosom glowed; she had compassion on him, and instantly exclaimed. This is one of the Hebrews'' children! A nurse was immediately provided, and the princess honoured her own feelings by thus addressing her : Take this child awaij, and^iurse it for me, and [ will give thee thy wages. This W'as ac- cepted, And the woman took the child and nursed it. * Hebrews xi. 23. 292 Those who have read the sequel of this history, need not be told, that from this most striking occurrence, Pharaoh's daughter adopted this rescued child as her own son; she caused him to be instructed in all the learning of Egypt ; and, that he afterwards became one of the most distinguished and honoured charac- ters that adorn the pages of the Old Testament. As we are this morning assembled in this new building, to offer our prayer to the Almighty for his gracious benediction upon this benevolent Institution : perhaps I may not better perform the duty assigned me, than by drawing a few lines of comparison be- tween the forlorn exposure, and the relief of little Moses, and those young unfortunates whom this So- ciety rescues from misery, granting them protection in this House of Refuge. I. Let us recollect the danger to which the infant Moses was exposed. — He was laid among the flags which grew on the brink of the Nile, and in danger of being carried away by the stream, and seen no more. And who does not know, that iniquity has too long run down our streets like water; and that the floods of the ungodly, like the rising of the waters of the Nile, have frequently overflowed the safety and peace of our city ? The rising generation, for successive years, have been exposed to this polluting current, and many of them have been carried away and de- stroyed. Often have we seen the children of the lower orders of society, for the want of education and restraint, plunging into this iniquitous stream; and such are the force of example and the fascina- tions of vice, that we are not without some instances of other young persons, of respectable connections being unhappily carried away from the paths of virtue, lodged in houses of criminal confinement, lost to all expectation by their parents of retrieving their char- acters, and becoming useful members of society. But now, the pitying eye, like that of Pharaoh's daugh- ter, is directed to such young offenders; and, the hand of kindness is extended, at once to rescue them from destruction, and safely conduct them to this House of Refuge. Let us not forget that littlo Moses was also in dan- 293 ger of being devoured by the crocodile. This am- phibious animal is a native inhabitant of the Nile, living both on land and water; it frequently grows to an enormous size, is of great strength, and extremely voracious. It has the largest mouth of all monsters, opens both his jaws at once, which, being furnished with a great number of sharp teeth, can snap a man asunder in a moment, and gorge the body. To this dreadful monster the infant Moses was exposed ; and we cannot but shudder at the apprehension of his ex- posure. Perhaps you may inquire, Have we any such dangerous animals in our city, or in its rivers.'* We have only seen them exhibited in show, and so confined, as to admit of no danger to the visiters. Where then can be the correctness of this compari- son between little Moses, and the miserable young beings who wander in our streets ? I venture to affirm, that among us, we have crocodiles in human shape ; persons whose conduct is as dangerous to the interest of civil society, as are the ravages of the monsters in the Nile. They may well be denominated amphibi- ous, for they are capable of committing their ravages upon the land, or on the water. Indeed, it is well known that by various methods, such unhappy char- acters form their criminal practices into a system. They first learn the rudiments of their art in secret; perhaps in some obscure cellar, and there form com- binations. Occasionly, a party sally forth to try their skill in less crimes; till eventually, some of them are detected, and sentenced to the penitentiary. There, for the want of room to make the necessary classifica- tion, they horde too much in mass, and soon find those who are more proficient in criminal practices than themselves; from whom they receive greater aid to carry on the course of bad instruction. So true is it, that evil communications^ not only corrupt good manners^ but certainly make bad manners much worse. Here too, they formerly met with the juvenile oflfender; perhaps sentenced for his first ofTence. As with the false tears of the crocodile, they pretended to com- miserate his misfortunes, ingratiate themselves into his tender feelings, and by such insinuations, he gra- dually listens to the story of their own vicious]conduct ; 294 and, finally imbibes those depraved principles, which soon make him to resemble their own likeness. Thus advanced in their vicious education, no wonder they should resolve to form a new gang on their liberation ; so that, on the expiration, it may be said of some of them, they are competent to take their first degree of Bachelor in the Art of crime. Now, a new scene appears. Instead of cultivating repentance for past offences, such is the strength of sinful habits, they improve their criminal system, and form stronger combinations to execute their purposes. Their rapacity, like that of the crocodile, increases; and, with extended jaws they lay in wait to catch the young offender that he may aid in their dark designs. This becomes indispensably necessary, in order to perform those operations of which a grown person is incompetent. The little boy must watch the opening door; climb the fence; or, urge his way through the cellar bars. Having gained admission, the urchin conceals himself, perhaps beneath the bed; within the vacant closet; or, in the garret's corner, until all is hushed in silent sleep; when, behold! he descends the stairs, unlocks the door, and admits the gang to accomplish their plunder. This is no false represen- tation; facts like these have too frequently occurred; and I personally know a youth, of about fifteen years of age, now in one of our prisons, who, by such early instruction and practices, has been pronounced com- petent to take the lead of a gang. What generous soul but shudders on beholding scenes like these, and ar- dently wishes to rescue such young delinquents from the jaws of total destruction! Such public depreda- tions, however, seldom go long without detection; and, the perpetrators are deservedly conveyed to the State Prison. Here,likewise,for the want of adequate means to classify the criminals, their intercourse with each other, especially in the shades of night, is favor- able for that conversation, which, can only produce a stronger growth of vicious principles, and which out- braves the watch of their keepers, and the moral les- sons which they constantly receive. And here too, the old offenders seldom fail to ensnare the young, and instil stronger principles of mischief into their minds, 295 and thus stimulate them to the perpetration of more flagrant offences. From such a mass of criminals, so long in the cultivation of vice, no wonder that some of them should become so proficient, as at the expira- tion of their sentence, they may be said to take their second degree, of Master in the Art of criminality. Let us look again at the infant Moses, and we shall perceive him exposed to danger from the Officers of Pharaoh's court. Had they passed along by the river side, and perceived something in the shape of a bas- ket, they would have been excited to ascertain its contents. Opening the lid, they would have found the Hebrew child ; and although they might have been affected by perceiving its tears, the inexorable edict of their king would have compelled them to take away its life by drowning him in the river. This is similar to the case of our delinquent children; for, the civil law of our country knows no distinction in the detection of crime, whether committed by old or young. When therefore our officers of justice per- ceive the unwary youth, wading in the stream of ini- quity, notwithstanding they may have compassion for his tender years, they are bound to arrest. And, al- though the natural life of the offender be not in dan- ger, like that of Moses, still, the condemnation, and criminal confinement of a young person, generally pro- duces the moral death of his character, and destroys the hope of society in his favor. How generous then is that hand, which can rescue a fallen youth from such extreme danger! What adds a final grade to the distressing exposure of poor little Moses, is, that he was unconscious of his danger. Is not this the case with our unwary youth? Ignorant of the criminality of their conduct; their of- fences against God; and their accountability to the laws of society, they go astray, regardless of its fatal consequences. Like as Moses knew not his danger of being carried away by the stream, or devoured by the monster of the Nile: so our unfortunate children are insensible of the current of vice, or of those older, abandoned characters, whether male or fiemale, who lay in wait to destroy them! Nor is it uncommon for such old offenders, having succeeded in decoying the 296 young under a promise of gain, on their detection, to turn evidence against them, and thus seal their con- demnation. Let this general statement of our dissipated youth, and the dangers to which they are exposed, produce the necessary impression upon our mind, and we shall instantly perceive the importance of the laudable ef- forts of this Society in rescuing them from the paths of the destroyer, and giving them a place in this House of Refuge. As the means which the Almighty em- ployed to extricate the infant Moses from his danger are so remarkably interesting; and, as the circum- stances attending it are so admirably calculated to afford us a few lessons of instruction on the design of the present assembly, we will make them the subject of the second part of this discourse. II. By the intervening providence of God, the feet of Pharaoh's daughter were directed to the waters of the Nile. How minutely does the Almighty perform his operations! Had the Princess, with her maidens, come down on the morning before, Moses had not been there; had she been confined to her chamber, and visited the river on the following day, the child might have been drowned, or devoured by the mon- ster. This therefore was the very set time for God to favor Moses; and all circumstances combine to pro- duce the event. — Permit me to say, that many years ago, I cultivated a commiseration for the vagrant chil- dren in our streets; and especially for those misera- ble little creatures who were confined in our prisons. In the year 1813, I presented to the Honorable the Common Council, the outlines of a plan for the estab- lishment of an Asylum for their relief; but, it was like the morning, too soon! The set time for such an operation had not arrived; now, the providence of God appears in their favor, and the public mind is generously excited to rescue them from the puUuted waters of destruction, and employ every possible means for their restoration to usefulness and happi- ness. The address of the Princess of Egypt to the nurse, is as expressive as it is kind and benevolent ; and af- fords us a charming impression of the strong interest 297 which she took in the future welfare of the infant. Take this child away ^ said she, from its present danger, though it be an Hebrew. Carry it to your home, and nurse it for me, as though it were my own. I require not this care at your own expense; for I am able, and promise to give thee thy wages. Excellent Princess! what more could she have said! How justly may all these items be applied to the good intention of the Society now assembled. Let us examine them ? — Take this child aivay ; remove the miserable little ob- jects from the paths of idleness, beggary, vanity, and inducement to crime, by the crafty and the wicked who lay in wait to allure and destroy them. But whither shall these juvenile delinquents be conveyed ? Where is the hospitable door that will open to receive them.'* Here it is! The House of Refuge is now open: its door unfolds to receive and protect them, as the arms of the nurse were extended to embrace the rescued Moses. — What attention are they here to receive.'* They are to be nursed. What this means, is easy to be understood. They come to you in rags, and you must clothe them; they are hungry, and you will feed them; destitute of virtuous friends, you clasp them to your bosom; mentally diseased by idleness and sin, you afford them the religious means for restora- tion. Nursing is indeed anxious labor; and those who have the government of this Institution, will fre- quently find a sufficiency of care to fill both their hands and their hearts. — Still, who is to supply.-* From whence are the necessaries to be obtained to feed, and to clothe so large a family } Remember, Pharaoh's daughter said unto the nurse, I will give thee thy wa- ges ; and if the nurse could trust the Princess of Egypt, surely we may confide in the providence of the Al- mighty, for the sjlver and the gold are his to bestow. Besides, the public mind has already been so benev- olently interested in its favor, that, methinks I hear their voice to you this morning, "We will give thee thy wages." For, indeed, you nurse these poor mis- erable creatures for the public peace and safety; and therefore they will not fail to give you the most ample supply. The refl.ection9 I have already made, lead me to in- 38 298 stitute an inquiry: — What may be the public expec- tation of benefits arising from this new establishment? The first I will name, is, the extraction of the Core OF Pauperism. It is well known, that we seldom see men and women, with baskets on their arms, going from house to house, soliciting charity ; for the trade of mendicity has been carried on, principally by the children of the indolent and worthless. While this practice was pursued. Societies for the cure, or pre- vention of Pauperism, may hold their meetings, and publish their annual reports, without any other bene- fit than what would accrue to the paper mill, and the printing press. Remove such child ren from the streets, and nurse them well; then, though the strings of the core of pauperism may draw hard in ils extraction, it is the best, if not the only method of cure. — The pub- lic will likewise expect these children will be instruc- ted in the rudiments of plain education; the impor- tance of cultivating habits of industry; and some of the more useful mechanic arts; by which, hereafter, they may obtain an honest livelihood, whether on the land, or on the seas. — To which must be added, their reformation, and improvement in morals; without which, very little good will be obtained. No man will expect that you can change their vicious little hearts ; for this is alone the prerogative of God, by the operation of the Holy Spirit of his grace. But, as this is frequently produced by the use of means, you can teach these ignorant children to read their once neg- lected Bible; show them the nature and danger of sin and transgression in the sight of God and man ; you can point them to a compassionate Saviour, who not only died for our sins, but in the days of his flesh, took children in his arms and blessed them. And, it will be easy for you to contrast their former state of igno- rance and degradation, with the privileges of instruc- tion and good examples which they now receive, in the cheering hope of their interest and happiness in the world. These are some of those duties which you owe to them, and to the public; and if faithfully performed, I hope God will succeed your endeavors, and the expectation of our citizens will be" happily realized. 299 ADDRESSES. The Ladies who have so generously engaged their services to visit and to watch over the female depart- ment of this House of Refuge, will accept my congrat- ulation upon this occasion. You have no need for me to intimate the duties you have to perform. You pos- sess a parental feeling; and nothing but motives of tenderness and kindness could have prompted your exertions to aid in this noble design of restoring the fallen children of your own sex, to the paths of virtue and happiness. Permit me to remind you of Pha- raoh's daughter, as your noble example. True, she was an Egyptian; an Idolatress; no matter for the color of her complexion ; she came to the brink of the river; she saw the helpless infant; she had com- passion, and she saved him! Had that distinguished woman lived in a Christian land; and had her heart been enriched with the Gospel of Christ, I would ex- hibit her in the attitude of relieving the distressed, and then say to you, behold the loveliest picture of Christian Charity! — Go, worthy Ladies, and do like- wise. The Honorable the Mayor, and the Members of the Common Council of the City; and the Gentle- men OF THE New-York Delegation to the State Leg- islature, who have honored this Society with their presence, cannot but feel a lively interest in behold- ing this rising Institution. You must be convinced, Gentlemen, that this is not an object of simple charity. It is strongly combined with the safety, honor, and happiness of the whole community. If such little of- fenders were permitted to range at large, their crimi- nal habits would grow with their years; their number by example would increase; and, by these means, town and country would be overrun, and our public prisons be crowded, not failing to produce an enor- mous expense to the state ! To prevent these calami- tous consequences, the House of Refuge is erected, and makes a strong appeal for public support. But, my humane friends, the prevention of the growth of crime is not all that is intended by this Society; it is their moral design, by every method possible, to re- 300 claim these juvenile delinquents, that they may be- come useful and honorable members of society. This enhances the value of the Institution so highly, that 1 have no language sufficiently to express its impor- tance ! While therefore we cherish the hope that our own Corporation will look with a benign aspect on the House of Refuge: our City Delb-gation also will make such a favorable representation of it, that our State Legislature will form a sort of echo, " We also will aid, and pay thee thy wages." The Managers of this Establishment. I cannot but congratulate you. Gentlemen, on the completion of this new building. The smiles of heaven have thus far succeeded your efforts, in favor of the young un- fortunates committed to your care. The duties re- quisite in every new institution, must generally be known as the result of observation and experience; of course you will have much to learn, as well as much to perform. Begin your services in the fear of your God; duly reflect on the magnitude of the object for which you are engaged; while you combine tender- ness and faithfulness in all your operations; it is my sincere wish, that the whole may be crowned with the most abundant success. THE CHILDREN. Children ! I must not omit claiming your attention, and soliciting you to indulge the most serious reflec- tions on the privileges you now enjoy. The erection of this building, together with your support, must give you strong conviction, how much a benevolent public are interested in your present and future welfare. Had you been left alone to yourselves, in poverty, idleness and sin, instead of ensuring you peace and pleasure, iniquity would have proved your final ruin. You are to look at the walls which surround this build- ing, not so much as those of a prison, as an hospitable dwelling, in which you enjoy comfort, and safety from those who once led you astray. And, I may venture to say, that in all probability, this is the best home many of you ever enjoyed ! You have no need for me to tell you, that the consideration of all these favors should stimulate you to submission, industry, and grat- 301 itude. You are not placed here so much for punish- ment, as to produce your moral improvement. By these indulgent means, we hope, that instead of your spending your days in idleness, disgrace, and misery, you may become useful to yourselves, honorable in society, and share in the true happiness of your fellow creatures. Although you are now young in years, you must have some consciousness that the errors of life, and the evils of your heart, expose you to the dis- pleasure of the Almighty ; that you need the tender mercy of the Saviour to pardon your iniquities; to renew your depraved minds by the virtue of His grace, and thus save you from the desert of your transgres- sions. We hope, therefore, that while you are within these walls, the Lord may command his merciful kind- ness upon you, and enable you to devote yourselves to his adored Name, and his most delightful service ! Moses could never forget the humanity and kindness of Pharaoh's daughter, in delivering him from Ihe danger to which he was exposed; and I would indulge the charming impression, that, there is no youth in this House of Refuge, but what will bear in devout re- membrance the deliverance and the favors which you have here received, and evince the sincerity of your gratitude by the amiableness of your temper, and the virtue of your future conduct. CONCLUSION. The time on which we have now assembled, is usu- ally called "Christmas Day." Whether this recogni- zes the very day on which Jesus was born in Bethle- hem, is not now my business to examine. If any man prefers keeping this, or any other day to the Lord, I am not disposed to interrupt him in the enjoyment of his privilege. The text on which 1 have this morning addressed you, combined with the narrative of Moses laid among the flags on the brink of the river, remind me of the Angel's address to the Shepherds in the field while watching their flock by night. Fear not : for^ behold^ I bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour, which is Christ the Lord, jjtid this shall be a sign unto you ; ye shall find the babe wrapped in 302 swaddling clothes^ ^y^^g ^^ ^ manger. Immediately the Shepherds left their flocks ; and they came with haste, and found JMary, and Joseph., and the babe lying in the man- ger.* This is that true Moses, the Prophet, which the Lord our God promised to raise up, like unto him in all things, whom his people should hear.'f How singularly striking were the circumstances which attended their infancy! Yes, the babe of Bethlehem, found in a man- ger, was Christ the Lord ; and, his name was called Je- sus, for he was to save his people from their sins. If Mo- ses that was found in the ark of bulrushes, was born to deliver the Israelites from their bondage in Egypt, and conduct them through the wilderness on their way to Canaan ; we are certain, that our blessed Sa- viour was born to deliver from the more dreadful bondage of sin and misery, and safely conduct his re- deemed to the rest of immortality and glory. Yes, Jesus was born to live, to suffer, and to die upon the cross for our sins; and after he was laid in the grave, he burst the bands of death, ascended up to heaven, and sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high, from thence to shower down the multiplicity of his mercies upon mankind. And who, on this occasion, but what will most devoutly pray — Lord, reserve a BLESSING FOR THIS HousE OF Refuge ! Amcn. The service was concluded by the children, alone, singing an hymn. The recollection that those sixty-three unfortunates, had just been rescued from vice, and the paths of the destroyer; and now employed in singing the praises of the Lord ; together with the melody of their voices, produced a most impressive effect upon the whole assembly ! *Luke ii. tDeut. xviii. 15. Acts tu. 87, 303 Acts of the liC^islatupe of the State of !¥. York, RELATING TO THE HOUSE OF REFUGE. AN ACT to hicorporate the Society for the Reformation of Jilve- nile Delinquents in the City of New-York. Passed March 29, 1824. Whereas, by the petition of several inhabitants of the city of New-York, it is represented, that they are desirous of establishing a Society, and House of Refuge, for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the said city, and have prayed to be incorporated ; Therefore, Be it enacted by the people of the State of New- York, represented in Senate and Assembly : that all such persons as now are or hereafter shall become Subscribers to the said asso- ciation pursuant to the bye-laws thereof, shall be and hereby are constituted a body corporate and politic, by the name of " the Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delin- quents in the city of New- York; and by that name they shall have perpetual succession, and being in law capable of suing and being sued, defending and being defended in all courts and places, and in all manner of actions and causes whatsoever, and may have a common seal and change the same at their pleasure, and shall be capable in law by that name and style, of purchasing, holding, and conveying any estate real or personal for the use of the said cor- poration. Provided, that such real estate shall never exceed the yearly value of ten thousand dollars, nor be applied to any other purposes than those for Avhich this incorporation is formed. And he it further enacted. That the estate and concerns of the said corporation, shall be conducted by a board of thirty Managers to be elected by a plurality of ballots of the members resident in the City of New-York, being Subscribers as aforesaid, and present at such election yearly on the third Monday in November, at such place in the said City and at such time of the day as the Board of Managers may from time to time appoint, and of which public no- tice shall be given, and if any vacancy shall occur by the resigna- tion, removal, or otherwise, of any one of the said Board, the same shall be filled for the remainder of the year by sucli person or per- .sons being subscribers as aforesaid, as the Board for the time beino- or a major part of them shall appoint; and until the election on the third Monday in November in the year one thousand eight hun- dred and twenty-five, the following persons shall compose the said Board of Managers, to wit : — Cadwallader D. Colden, John Gris- com, John Duer, Jonathan M. Wainwright, Isaac Collins, Thomas Eddy, Ansel W. Ives, John T. Irving, John E. Hyde, Cornelius Du Bois, James \V. Gerard, Joseph Curtis, John Stearns, Ralph Olmsted, Robert F. Molt, Stephen Allen, Henry I. Wyckoff, Sam- uel Cowdrey, John Targee, Arthur Burtis, Joseph Grinnell, Huo-h Maxwell, Henry Mead, Peter A. Jay, Gilbert Coutant, Cornelius R. DulRe, and James Lovett; and it is hereby further enacted, that no Manager of the said Society shall receive any compensation for his services. 30d And be it further enacted, That if the annual election shall not take place on the stated days for that purpose, the said Corporation shall not thereby be dissolved, but the Members of the said Board shall continue in office until a new election, which shall be had at such time and place and after such notice as the said Board shall prescribe, and in case of an equality of votes for any one or more persons as a Member or Members of the said Board of Managers, the said Board shall determine which of such persons shall be con- sidered as elected, and such person or persons shall take his or their seats, and act accordingly. And be it further enacted, That the said Managers shall have power in their discretion to receive and take into the House of Refuge, to be established by them, all such "children who shall be taken up or committed as vagrants, or convicted of criminal offen- ces in the said City, as may in the judgment of the Court of Gene- ral Sessions of the peace, or of the Court of Oyer and Terminer in and for the said City, or of the Jury before whom any such offender shall be tried, or the Police Magistrates, or of the Commissioners of the Alms-House and Bridewell of the said City, be proper ob- jects, and the said Managers shall have power to place the said children committed to their care, during the minority of such chil- dren, at such employments, and to cause them to be instructed in such branches of useful knowledge, as shall be suitable to their years and capacities ; and they shall have power in their discretion to bind out the said children with their consent as apprentices or servants during their minority, to such persons, and at such places, to learn such proper trades and employments as in their judgment will be most for the reformation and amendment, and the future benefit and advantage of such children : Provided, that the charge and power of the said Managers upon and over the said children, shall not extend in the case of females beyond the age of eighteen years. And be it further enacted. That all and singular the clauses and provisions in the act entitled an act concerning apprentices and servants, relating to the covenants to be inserted in the Indentures of apprentices and servants, made by the overseers of the poor, and the provisions of the Sixth, Ninth, Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Sections of the last mentioned act, shall apply to the apprentices and servants, and the persons to whom they may be bound, under, and by virtue of this act. And be it further enacted, That the said Managers under this act, may, from time to time, make bye-laws, ordinances, and regu- lations relative to the management and disposition of the Estate and Concerns of the said Corporation, and the management, gov- ernment, instruction, discipline, employment, and disposition of the said children, while in the said House of Refuge, or under their care not contrary to law, as they may deem proper, and may ap- point such officers, agents, and servants as they may deem neces- sary to transact the business of the said Corporation, and may designate their duties ; and further, that the said Managers shall make an annual report to the Legislature, and to the Corporation of the City of New- York, of the number of children received by them into the said House of Refuge, the disposition which shall be made of the said children by instructing or employing them in the 305 said House of Refuge, or by binding then:\ out as apprentices or servants; the receipts and expenditures of the said Managers, and generally all such facts and particulars as may tend to exhibit ef- fects, whether advantageous or otherwise of the said Association. And be it farther enacted. That this act shall be and is hereby declared a public act, and that the same shall be construed in all courts and places benignly and favorably for every humane and laudable purpose therein contained. And be it further enacted, That the Legislature may at any time hereafter, alter, modify, or repeal this act. State of New- York, Secretary's Office. I certify the preceding to be a true copy of an original act of the Legislature of this State on file in this Office. Archabald Campbell, Dep. Secretary. Albany, April 1, 1824. AN ACT in aid of the Managers of the Society for the Reforma' tion of Juvenile Delinquents in the City of New- York. Passed April 9, 1826. BE it enacted by the People of the State of New- York, represented in Senate and Assembly, That the Treasurer shall, on the warrant of the Comptroller, pay to the Treasurer or the Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New-York, out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appro- priated, the sum of two thousand dollars annually, for the term of five years : that the first payment of two thousand dollars shall be made on the first day of May next, and the like sum on every first day of May thereafter. AN ACT to amend the act, entitled " An act to incorporate the 5o- ciety for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New-York," passed March 29, 1824, and for other purposes. Passed January 28th, 1826. BE it enacted by the People of the State of New-York, repre- sented in Senate and Assembly, That the Managers of the Society mentioned in the act hereby amended, shall receive and take in the House of Refuge, established by them in the City of New-York, all such children as shall be convicted of criminal ofienccs, in any city or county of this state, and as may in the judgment of the court before whom any such offender shall be tried, be deemed proper objects ; and the powers and duties of the said Managers in relation to the children which they shall receive in virtue of this act, shall be the same in all things, as are prescribed and provided by the act entitled, " An act to incorporate the Society for the re- formation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New-York," passed March the 29 th, 1824, in respect to children which the said Managers have received, or may receive in virtue of that act. Aiid be it further enacted, That the commissioners mentioned in the thirty-eighth section of the act entitled " An act to provide 39 306 against infectious and pestilential diseases," passed March the 21st, 1823, shall account annually .to the comptroller of the state, for all monies received by them, for the use of the Marine Hospital, and if the same shall, in any one year, be more than sufficient to defray the expense of executing the trust committed to them, exclusive of such expenses as arc to be borne and paid as part of the contingent charges of the city of New-York, and including the annual com- pensations granted to the said commissioners by the said act, then, and in such case, the said health commissioners shall pay such sur- plus over to the treasurer of the Managers of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New-York, for the use of the said Society ; and the said commissioners shall also pay to the said treasurer, for the use of, and to be expended by the said Society, in the erection of a House of Refuge, for female Ju- venile Delinquents, so much of the balance, or surplus, now in their hands, or which may be invested, pursuant to the said thirty-eighth section, to meet any deficit of the receipts of the said commission- ers for the purposes of the said marine hospital, or for the building of such other stone or brick hospitals in the place of the present wooden ones, as the person administering the government of this state may from time to time think necessary, and that the said thirty-eighth section, so far as the same is inconsistent w'ilh the provisions of this act, and no further, be, and the same is hereby repealed. And be it further enacted. That the sheriffs of the several coun- ties of this state, shall be allowed for the transportation of any Ju- venile Delinquents according to the provisions of this act, the same compensation as is now given by law for the transportation of con- victs to the state prisons, to be audited and paid by the supervi- sors of the respective counties, as part of the contingent expenses of the said counties : Provided, That after notice shall be given by the Managers of the said Society, that there is not room for the re- ception of any further delinquents, it shall not be lawful to trans- port any other delinquents, until notice shall be given that they can be received. And he it further enacted, That the legislature may at any time, repeal, amend, or modify this act. Chapter Ist, Title 7, Sections 17 and IS of the Revised Statutes, Page 701, Vol. 2. Whenever any person under the age of sixteen years, shall be convicted of any felony, the court, instead of sentencing such per- son to imprisonment in a state prison, may order that he be re- moved to and confined in the House of Refuge, established by the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New-York ; unless notice shall have been received from such So- ciety, that there is not room in such House for the reception of further delinquents. Such convicts shall be removed by the sheriffof the county, pur- suant to such order, and he shall be allowed the same compensa- tion therefor as is provided by law for the transportation of con- victs to the state prison, to be audited and paid as part of the con- tingent expenses of the county. 307 AN ACT to create a Fund in aid of tJie Society for the Reforma- tion of Juvenile Delinquents, in the city of New-York^ and for other purposes. Passed April 29, 1829. The People of the state of New-York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact asfolloxos : § 1. The commissioners of health mentioned in the eleventh and twelfth sections of Title fourth of Chapter fourteenth of the first part of the Revised Statutes, shall ])ay out of the monies received by them for the use of the marine hospital, eight thousand dollars annually, in quarterly payments of two thousand dollars each, com- mencing on the first day of May next, to the treasurer of the soci- ety for the reformation of juvenile delinquents in the city of New- York for the use of said society, which sum of eight thousand dol- lars, shall be part of the surplus, and not in addition thereto, directed to be paid said treasurer by the above mentioned eleventh section, and the said commissioners of health shall pay over annu- ally to the comptroller of the state, on or before the first of April, the balance that may remain of the said surplus fund, after paying the eight thousand dollars as aforesaid; and the balance of the said surplus, so paid to the comptroller, shall be invested by him in some secure manner at interest, and the said fund shall be kept dis- tinct and separate, and shall be denominated the "Mariner's Fund." § 2 So much of the said twelfth section of Title fourth of Chap- ter fourteenth of the First Fart of the Revised Statutes as applies to the balance of hospital monies in the hands of the commissioners of health, is declared to apply only to such balances as were in their hands at the time said chapter took effect as a law; and any part of said section inconsistent with this declared construction, is hereby repealed. §3. The commissioners for collecting the duty of excise in the city of New-York, designated by the act entitled "An act to lay a duty on strong liquors, and for regulating inns and taverns, so far as relates to the city of New-York, and for other purposes," passed April 10th, 1824, shall demand and receive one dollar and fifty cents, in addition to the sum now required by law, upon every li- cence granted by them after the passing of this act, to any tavern keeper, grocer or keeper of an ordinary or victualling house or public garden, in pursuance of the act above mentioned, and the acts amendatory of the same, which additional sums the said com- missioners shall pay over to the treasurer of the society for the reformation of juvenile delinquents in the city of New-York, for the use of said society. <5> 4. No theatre or circus, or building for exhibiting theatrical or equestrian performances in the city of New-York, shall be opened for such exhibitions after the first day of May next, unless the man- ager or proprietor thereof shall annually obtain from the Mayor of the said city, a license therefor; which license the said Mayor is authorised to grant, to continue until tlie first day of May ensuing the grant thereof; and every manager or proprietor offending in the premises, or consenting or allowing the same to be done, whether there be one or more managers or proprietors of such the- atre or circus, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be sub- 303 ject to a fine of one hundred dollars for each day it shall be so opened, or imj^risonment not exceeding three months. ^ 5. Upon granting every license authorised by the preceding section, the mayor shall receive from the person to whom the same shall be granted, the sum of five hundred dollars for each theatre, and the sum of two hundred and fifty dollars for each circus : which sums when so received, shall be paid over to the treasurer of the society for the reformation of juvenile delinquents in the city of New-York, for the use of said society. § 6. The said commissioners of health shall render to the comptroller annually, a minute and detailed account of all monies denominated "Hospital monies," which shall be received, and also of all such monies disbursed by them or either of them, for the marine hospital; for the expenses of their trust, so far as the same are payable out of this fund for their own salaries, and the com- mission allowed by law to the health commissioner for collection, and also of the surplus, if any, of such monies paid over to the treasurer of the society for the reformation of juvenile delinquents in the city of New-York. <§, 7. The comptroller is hereby authorised to allow to the health commissioner for the collection of "Hospital Monej" from coast- ing vessels, a commission at his discretion, of not less than two and a half, nor exceeding ten per cent., which allow-ance he is au- thorised to make, as well upon the collections made from such ves- sels during the past year, as upon those hereafter to be made. AN ACT concerning^ convicts under the age of seventeen years, and other purposes. Passed April 16, 1830. The People of the State of NeW'York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : § 1. The person administering the government of this state, is hereby empowered to direct the agent of either of the state prisons of this state, whenever the inspectors thereof shall recommend the same, to convey any convicts who shall be under the age of seven- teen years, to the house of refuge in the city of New-York ; and they shall there be confined according to the rules and regulations of said house of refuge: The expenses of such removal shall be the same as allowed to sherifis for like services, and a charge upon such prison, as part of its ordinary expenses to be certified by the inspectors. AN ACT to amend " An act to create a fund in aid of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New- York, and for other purposes," passed April29, 1829. Passed April 21, 1831. The People of the State of New-York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : ^ 1. There shall be paid annually by the treasurer of the city of New-York, on the first Monday of July, to the treasurer of the So- ciety for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, in the city of 309 New- York, the sum of four thousand dollars, for the use of said society, out of the moneys appropriated for the support and main- tenance of the poor of the said city, by the act, entitled " An act to amend an act, entitled "An act to lay a duty on strong liquors, and for regulating inns and taverns, so far as it relates to the city of New-York, and for other purposes," passed April 10th, 1824. ^ 2. The third section of the act, entitled "An act to create a fund in aid of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delin- quents in the city of New-York, and for other purposes, passed April 29, 1829, and which directs the commissioners for collecting the duty of excise in the city of New-York, to demand and receive one dollar and fifty cents in addition to the sum then required by law for a license to any tavern keeper, grocer, or keeper of an or- dinary or victualling house, or public garden, shall be, and the same is hereby repealed. PART OF AN ACT passed April 22, 1S31. The People of the State of New- York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : § 13. The eight thousand dollars appropriated by the act entitled " An act to create a fund in aid of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New- York, and for other purposes," passed April 29, 1829, shall continue to be paid to said society in the manner and at the time therein specified, out of the moneys collected from passengers by the provisions of Title four, Chapter fourteenth. Part first of the Revised Statutes : but if the amount collected from passengers should be insufficient (after pay- ing all the expense of the quarantine establishment at Staten Island,) to meet the eight thousand dollars now appropriated from the "Hospital Funds" for the support of the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the city of New- York, then the balance to make up said eight thousand dollars shall be appropriated annually from the state treasury. %J Ziist of JLife Subscribers and JDonors TO THE NOT PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED. •.»*e@e* B. Auchincloss, & Co. $ Charles Anthon, Heman Averill, Benjamin Bailey, Simeon Benjamin, Wm. Blakeley, - Silas Brown, John M. Bruce, J. Boyd, jun. H. Beekman, Wm. Banks, D. I. Boyd, R. S. Brown, J. Benedict, James Brown, James Brewster, John Bolton, C. Beers, Wm. & T. C. Chardovoyne, Joseph Corlies, - John Crumby, Thos. G. Gary, - Benjamin Corlies, D. M'Coimick, - Nathaniel Coggeswell, F. Depcyster, J. S. Dolan, James W. Dominick, - John A. Davenport, E. Dayton, Ogden Edwards, James Fellows, - Ferris Finch, D. A. Frost, Chas. Pregure & Frassire, E. T. Franklin, - G. Froute, Henry Grinnell, Fred k. Gebhard, John Greenfield, 10 F. G. 59 Wall-st. 50 20 Geo. Griswold, 50 50 J. W. Gerard, - 10 20 Geo. Gardiner, (on account of 6 life subscription,) 30 6 George Griffin, - 50 5 J. Houseman, 10 6 John Hunter, 9 5 Hugh Holmes, - 6 5 Willet Hicks, - 15 5 H. Hinsdale, 6 5 J. S. Hyei', 5 6 0. Holmes, 5 10 J. K. Hamilton, - 5 50 Jeromus Johnson, 50 50 W. S. Johnson, - 6 10 H. P. Jones, 6 15 Jackson & McJimsey, 5 6 John D. Keese, 6 6 J. & W. Kelly, 6 20 J. D. King, 6 5 R. Lockwood, 6 5 C. W. Lawrence, 10 10 E. W. Laight, - 6 5 Henry Laverty, 10 50 Allen C. Lee, 10 6 James W. Lent, 10 10 Thomas F. Livingston, 9 6 P. Lorillard, 20 6 Valentine Mott, - 20 10 Morland Mecholl, 6 10 B. P, Melick, 6 C Robert L Murray, 10 6 Thos. W. Moore, 9 B Wm. W. Mott, - 5 5 Petersen and Mensch, - 5 5 Samuel Marsh, 6 6 H. Maxwell, 12 10 David Marsh, jun. 20 5 N. Norris, 6 311 C. Oakley, 5 A. Seton, - - - 6 Wm. Prior, 10 G. P. Shipman, - 6 F. Place, 6 C Swan, - - . 10 J. Post, JO T. R. Smith, 20 G. C. Peterson, - 10 Seabury Tredwell, 5 E. Prince, 6 George Tredwell, 5 P. 169 Front-st., 50 Wm. Thomson, 6 R. L. P., 101 Front-st., 10 Wm. W. Todd, 6 Henry Rogers, - 10 A. Tredwell, 5 Bailey & Remsen, 5 E. Townsend, 5 P. H. Rhinelander, 5 S. A. Talcot, 5 R. Ray, 6 Martin E. Thompson, - 50 A. C. Rossire, 6 Joshua S. Underbill, - 6 N. Richards, 10 H. Vanwagenen, 6 Rev. — Robinson, 10 W. Vandewater, 6 Peter Sharpe, 50 Wm. Waring, 6 B. Sterrill & Co. 5 Wm. Wright, 10 Benjamin Strong, 10 Elizabeth Walsh, 7 Mrs. G. Smith, - 10 Henry S. Wyckoff, 10 "Wm. Stevens, 6 Salem Wines, 6 Fred'k Sheldon, - 10 John Wheelwright, 5 H. H. Scheiflelin 5 C. P. White, 6 W. Stewart, 5 Stephen Whitney, 50 F. S. & P. Schlesinger, 50 Mead Wheeler, - 6 Thos. L. Servoss, 5 E. White, 5 Ruel Smith, 10 R. D. Weeks, - 20 S. P. Staples, - 6 John Ward, jun. 10 THE END. ^ CO so I3WV ^ ^^WEUNIVERS/^ ^IMCElfx^ -^UIBRARYQ^ ^1 I ^ 5 1^3 r— • - - CO ' c'Tv^ ^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. I 4WKDEC0 7l9«. 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