SYRIA IT PRIMER 
 J. Dyneley Prince 1
 
 
 <S 
 
 ASSYRIAN PRIMER 
 
 AN 
 
 INDUCTIVE METHOD 
 LEARNING THE CUNEIFORM CHARACTERS 
 
 BY 
 
 J. DYNELEY PRINCE, PaD. 
 
 PBOFKSSOE OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 
 
 THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 1909 
 
 All rights reserved
 
 w.
 
 ASSYRIAN PRIME 
 
 AN 
 
 INDUCTIVE METHOD 
 OF LEARNING THE CUNEIFORM CHARACTERS 
 
 BY 
 
 J. DYNELEY PRINCE, PaD. 
 
 PROFESSOR OF SEMITIC LANGUAGES IN COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 
 
 THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 1909 
 
 All rights reserved
 
 PRINTED BY G. KREYSING, LEIPZIG, GERMANY
 
 Foreword 
 
 The need of a series of progressive lessons for beginners in Cuneiform 
 has long been felt in the Columbia University Semitic Department. The 
 object of the present work is to lighten the labours of the English 
 speaking Assyrian student, who has hitherto been compelled to learn, by 
 sheer force of memory, the ninety-eight simple signs before he could 
 proceed to read the most ordinary text. In the following lessons an 
 attempt has been made to grade the acquisition of the signs and the 
 learning of the main features of the grammar, so that the student may 
 proceed, inductively and with comparative facility, to master simultaneously 
 both the intricacies of the characters and the most salient facts of Assyrian 
 grammatical structure. 
 
 My especial thanks are due to my friend Dr. Robert J. Lau of 
 Columbia University for the great care and skill with which he has 
 autographed the sign-lists and exercises. 
 
 J. Dyneley Prince. 
 
 Columbia University, New York. 
 
 2047305
 
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 Assyrian-English Glossary. 
 
 Note that in the following word-list, Arabic numerals standing alone refer 
 to the pages of the preceding lessons and that small Roman numerals followed 
 by Arabic numerals refer to the text of the last three lessons, the Arabic 
 numerals indicating the numbered lines. Thus, 48 would mean page 48, but 
 XV, 10 indicates the tenth line of the fifteenth lesson. 
 
 Note also that verbs final N 2 are indicated throughout by final !"l. 
 
 u 'one', 11; edis 'alone', 39, 41. 
 bx 2 N dlu 'city', pi. aldni, 15. 
 
 2N abu 'father', pi. aMti, 8; abisif, 'his father', (gen.), XIIT, 14. 
 23N abdbu 'shine, be pure', 35; prec. libbib 'mny he shine'; adj. 
 
 ebbu 'shining, pure'. 
 
 *p abiktu 'defeat'; ideogr. SI 1, 41. 
 ras abkallum 'leader, governor', 33. 
 pis abnu 'stone', 43. 
 
 i2N 4 eberu 'cross over', 49 ; pret. %bir, XV, 6. 
 33N agdgu 'be angry'; pret. egugma, XIV, 6. Noun: uggatu 
 
 ' 'anger', 23. 
 
 D5N agammu 'marsh', 49 ; pi. agamme, XV, 6. 
 1N 4 adi prep, 'unto, as far as, together with', 38. 
 "TIN addru 'fear', 39; pret. adur, XII, 11. 
 nN 3 essu 'new', 23. 
 aTN^ ezebu 'leave, abandon', 39, 41. 
 TTN 4 ezzu 'strong, powerful', 22. 
 "1TN 4 ezeru 'curse'; prec. pret. 1 p. luzzurma, XV, 10; ezru 'a curse', 
 
 XV, 10. 
 
 nN ahu 'brother', 15; ahatu 'sister', 15. 
 TON ahdzn 'seize, grasp', 47; III, 1 \(&dhhaz, XIII, 16. 
 i2t<4 eferu 'spare, save', 41. 
 pN 4 nu 'eye', 11. 
 -PN dru 'reach, attain', 23, 39. 
 riDN aku 'cripple, feeble', 37. 
 bDN akdlu 'eat'; pret. ekulma, XV, 11. 
 
 sN* ekallu 'temple, palace', 42. Not a Semitic word, but from 
 Sumerian e-gal 'big house'.
 
 b ilu 'god', pi. ildni, 11, 37. 
 b ul 'not'; jisual negative = Heb. xb. 
 bN* ultu prep? 'from', 11. 
 nb4 elu 'go up, ascend', 48; pret. eli, XIV, 5. Adj. elinu, fern. 
 
 elinitu 'upper', 38. Prep, eli 'against, over', 11. 
 ^b 2 aldku 'go', 37, 48; pret. 1 p. allik, XIV, 13; 3 p. fflik, 19. 
 bbN aldlu 'shine, be bright', 35; adj. ellu, fern, ellitii 'bright, pure', 
 
 23, 34. 
 
 bb aldlu 'hang' (trans.); pret. 1 p. alul, XIII, 15. 
 28 ummu 'mother', 15. 
 
 BN 3 emu 'father-in-law'; emetu 'mother-in-law', 15. 
 bttN am&lu 'man'; pi. ameluti, 11. 
 J7DN ummandti 'troops', 41; XIII, 16. 
 p72N emuqu 'power', 44. 
 T73N amdru 'see* ; pret. 1 p. amur, XII, 9. 
 "TON tamirtu 'circumference'; ina tamirti 'around', 41. 
 ~i70N 3 imeru 'ass', 15. 
 
 ]N ana prep, 'unto': ina 'in, by', 11. 
 
 n: annu 'this'; fern, annitu, 19; pi. annutu (ti), anndti, 20. 
 13N unutu 'furniture, implements', 43; XII, 10. 
 *]3N andku pron. 1 p. T, 8. 
 ^:N an^M 'lead' (metal), 34. 
 J3K aninu 'we'; also: anini, n&nu, nmi, 8. 
 ON ensu 'weak', 22. 
 nON usdti 'help, assistance', 37. 
 jDN isinnu 'feast', 50; isinnt, XV, 11. 
 bcN aplu 'son', 23. 
 DEN apsu 'abyss, ocean', 33. 
 
 epdsu 'do, make', 37 ; adj. itpisu 'active, capable'. 
 apdru: appardti pi. of apparu 'marsh', 45; XV, 6. 
 epru 'dust', 46. 
 irtu 'breast, front', 34. 
 Urbi; name of a tribe, 23. 
 y-M'irba 'four', 37. 
 
 n4 eri 'like an eagle', XII, 3 from eru 'eagle', 34. 
 n^N urfa 'road', 19; XII, 11; XV, 2. 
 D"iN aramme, pi. 'siege instuments', 48; XIV, 12. 
 ynN ir$itu 'earth', 11. 
 TIN ardru 'curse'; arratu 'a curse', 23. 
 ttiN* istu prep, 'from', 11. 
 izio< i$atu 'fire', 34. 
 
 ittJN aSdru 'care for, pay attention to'; pret. a$ur, XII, 10. 
 ittjwx afru 'place', 23, 39. 
 aSdridu 'leader', 38. 
 ussu 'foundation', 1 1 ; XV, 8. 
 aSSatu 'wife, woman', 11, 23. 
 iSten 'one', XII, 8. 
 nN itti 'with', 11. 
 
 nN atta 'thou', fern, atti, 8 ; attunu 'ye', 8. 
 nN itlum 'hero'; sometimes written idlum, 37.
 
 53 
 
 3N3 bdbu 'gate', 23, 49 ; XV, 4. 
 
 b 4 3 Ulum 'lord', 23,44; XII, 12; bffit, constr. of MUu 'lady', 
 50; XV, 7. 
 
 113 urfo 'well', 49; XV, 6. 
 
 ma bitu 'house', 11, 34, 43. Bitdurani 'fortifications', 44. 
 
 rTO3 bamdte(ti) 'high-places, heights', 15. 
 
 HD3 banu 'build, beget'; noun: nabnitu 'offspring', XIV, 3. 
 
 p13 bardqu 'lighten', 38. 
 ttlba ba$u 'be, exist', 11; bu$u 'property', 43. 
 
 gabbu 'all', XTV, 7. 
 
 gitmalum 'perfect', 38. 
 
 gimru 'entirety', constr. gimir, 19; XII, 5. 
 
 gardru 'run'; girru 'campaign', 40. 
 
 gaSru 'mighty', 22. 
 
 'look'; pret. adgul, XII, 8; %M/, 19. 
 m~ dadmu 'dwelling'; pi. dadme, 23. 
 
 ^in <^aA;M 'slay, kill'; pret. aduk, XIII, 16; maddktu 'fortification'. 
 4 "m dimdti 'posts, stakes', XII, 15; pi. of^Ww. 
 pTDI damdqu 'be favourable to', 34 ; adj. damqu 'favourable, 
 
 gracious', 37. 
 pn dandnu 'be powerful'; adj. dannu 'powerful', 15, 37; fern. 
 
 dannatu, 15. Noun: dunnu 'power, strength', XV, 8. 
 r]sn duppu 'clay tablet', XIV, 11. 
 
 i M 'and', 11. 
 b3T abdlu 'carry, bring'; nouns: muttabilutu I, 2 partc. 'portable 
 
 things' ; biltu 'tribute', 49 ; XV, 5. 
 NXi asu 'go out'; noun: situ 'rising of the sun', 39. 
 nn aru 'bring' ; uraSsu. XIV, 4 = urd + 5w. 
 ^n arfcw 'after', XII, 8. 
 
 3n cwa^w 'dwell' 38; noun: Subtu 'dwelling', XIV, 2; with suffix 
 Subatsun, XIII, 14. 
 
 T 
 
 IDT zikaru 'hero, male', 11. 
 
 ^731 zam^Tm 'enemy', 38. 
 
 qp; zaqdpu 'set up'; azqup, XIV, 13. 
 
 npr zaqdtu 'be sharp'; zaqtu, pi. zaqtuti 'sharp', XIV, 7. Noun: 
 
 zuqtu 'sharp peak', XIV, 5. 
 N 4 1T zru: constr. ^r 'seed', XIII, 14.
 
 54 
 
 n 
 
 mn kadis 'joyfully', 43. 
 
 Tin tohazu 'battle', 39, 42 ; XII, 10. Mahazu 'city', XII, 2. 
 aan AaftM 'sceptre', XV, 1. 
 
 btt hullanu 'garment', XV, 9. 
 ynn hurdsu 'gold', 34, 43. 
 nnn tahtu 'defeat'; tahtdSunu, XIV, 8. 
 
 temu 'counsel, wisdom, taste', XV, 1. 
 mra tabu, fern, fczfow 'good', 15. 
 TIB fudu 'road', 19. 
 rro ##u 'clay, mud', 23. 
 bata fcW/w 'torch'; #to//#, 'like a torch', XIV, 3. 
 
 idti 'me', 13. 
 
 idu 'hand', 23; zW-za 'my hends', (dual), XII, 13. 
 
 aqartu, fern, 'precious', 43. 
 
 misaru 'righteousness', 37. 
 
 ^ A;oa 'thee'; kd$i, 13; kdSunu 'you', 13. 
 03D kabdsu 'tread', III, 1, partc. constr.; sukbus 'hostile advance' 
 
 XIV, 12. 
 
 -\tt.kibrdti 'regions', 37. 
 P3D kabtttu 'heart, liver, XIV, 6. 
 -ns A;orfre 'gifts, tribute', 47; XIII, 16. 
 bis kdlu 'all', 38; kdtisunu 'all of them', XIV, 4. 
 j-0 kdnu 'establish', 49 ; prei ukin, XV, 5. Noun : kittu 
 
 'righteousness', 37. 
 13 Tdma 'like, like to', 11. 
 ~D kakku 'weapon', 38. 
 13DD kalbanndti 'axes', 48; XIV, 12. 
 IDDD kand$u 'bow down', 39. 
 ^03 kaspu 'silver', 43. 
 nss 7m^t2 'cold', XII, 11. 
 DID /carww 'ploughed field', XV, 3. 
 ^"O kurunnu 'wine', XV, 11. 
 ^"^D kirdSu 'camp'; with suffix kirassu, 41. 
 -IIUD kaSddu 'conquer'; pret. 1 p. aksud, 19, XIV, 9, 12, 44; 
 tkSudd, 3 pi. fern., 42. 
 'hosts', 37.
 
 55 
 
 Nb Id 'not', 11. 
 
 E2N 4 b partc. M, it 'swallow up, devour', 38. 
 
 ab libbu 'heart'; libbi, XIV, 6. 
 
 -tab labiru 'old, ancient 1 , 23. 
 
 sab Zafo&M 'be clothed ; II, 1 ulablis, XV, 9. 
 
 ib ZM 'verily', 11. Strengthening and precative particle. 
 
 ffiib liSdnu 'tongue, language', 15. 
 
 -ibb lattamm 'honey', XV, 11. 
 
 Mtob Zaww 'surround'; pret. 1 p. aZrae, XVI, 12. Noun: limdiu 
 
 'boundary, border', 44. 
 
 fob ftmnt* 'evil', 34 ; XV, 10. 
 
 N s pb %< 'take' ; pret. alqd, XII, 3. 
 
 marw 'son', 33. 
 
 ONTO mi'mma 'whatever, something', 34, 43. 
 nNto maftt 'land', 15. Probably not a Semitic word, but from 
 
 Sumerian mada. 
 
 1313 magdru 'favour', 38; migru, constr. migir 'favourite', 37. 
 nifc mdtu 'die' ; I, 2. gmltfc, XV, 2. 
 ynw mahdsu 'smash, smite'; pret. with suffix: amhassu 'I smote 
 
 him'. Noun: mundahsu 'warrior', for vmimtahisu. 
 inft mahru 'first', 40 ; tamhdru 'battle', 41. 
 "OW namkuru 'property', 43. 
 Nbw maZw 'be full'; ma/a 'as many as', 11. 
 
 "pW maldku 'rule, counsel' ; mdtifcu, pi. malke, malkdni 'prince' ; 
 malkatu, pi. malkdti 'princess', 15; milku 'counsel, advice' 
 XV, 1. 
 
 I'D mannu 'who?'; mzw 'what?', 20. 
 nrra maww 'count, reckon'; pret. amrm, 43. 
 npw maqdtu 'fall'; pret. amqut, 49. 
 yjW WMSM 'night', 34. 
 
 masdru 'leave, abandon; II, 1, umassir 'he left', XIV, 2. 
 me&riti 'limbs', 34(?). 
 
 Nn: nabu 'speak, utter', 34; nibu 'number', 45. 
 
 baD nabdlu 'destroy' ; pret. abul, XII, 4. 
 
 y5D nigissu 'gorge', 39. 
 
 mD nadu 'set, place, lay' ; pret. addi, XV, 8. 
 
 p: naddnu 'give'; pret. iddin, 15; pres. 3 pi mamdmu-ma, XIV, 2. 
 Noun: mandatu 'tribute, gift', XV, 5. 
 
 -n: nuru 'light', 34. 
 
 HD nazdzu 'stand' ; pret. 3 p. fern, tazziz-ma, XII, 13 ; 1 p. ctzzaz, 19. 
 nto: niati 'us', 13. 
 
 V3 niru 'yoke', XII, 9. 
 
 -113 n8ru 'a ner' = 600.
 
 56 
 
 D=>: mksu 'breach in a wall', XIV, 12. 
 
 -o: nakdru 'change, hostile'; II, 1, unakkir, XIII, 16; XV, 12. 
 
 Noun: ndkiru 'enemy, XIV, 7; XV, 10. 
 -,7o: namdru 'shine', 35. 
 no; nasdhu 'tear away' ; pret. assuh, XIV, 3. 
 e: napistu 'life', 41. 
 
 -i}D nasdru 'keep', 37. Noun: nisirtu 'treasure', 43. 
 -ipa naqdru 'tear down, destroy'; pret. 1 p. a^itr, XII, 4. 
 Stt.3 na&2 'lift up'; pret. 1 p. assi, XV, 7 ; III, 1, u3a$$i with fern. 
 
 suffix, XIV, 5 ; partc. nds, XV, 1. 
 piB3 naSdqu 'kiss'; II, 1. unaS&q, XIV, 10. 
 
 po sudinnu 'a sort of bird', 39. 
 qno sahdpu 'overthrow' ; pret. ishup, XIV, 9. 
 *ino sahdru 'surround', 37; ina sihirti-. prep, 'around', XIII, 5. 
 0^0 *WM 'horse, 42 ; XII, 9. 
 
 rpo sakdpu 'overthrow'; pret. askup, 19; iskap, XII, 12. 
 T^O samnu. ordinal: 'eighth', 11. 
 jEO sapdnu 'sweep away, overthrow'; aspun, XII, 5. 
 k]EO sippu 'threshold', 49 ; XV, 4. 
 *ICD supuru 'enclosure', 22. 
 no sittu, pi. sittuti 'rest, remainder', 23. 
 
 pagru 'corpse'; pagris 'like a corpse', XIII, 15. 
 pu, gen. joe 'mouth', 22. 
 J9^ 'limit', XII, 5 : pat gimri 'entirety'. 
 patdru 'split'; Noun: patru 'dagger', 23. 
 paldhu 'fear'; ^M%, XIV, 9; puluhtu 'fear', XII, 12. 
 jozZJw, v\.pil$i(e) 'hole, mine', 48; XIV, 12. 
 piqittu 'order, muster', XII, 9. 
 paru 'mule', 42. 
 
 parakku 'royal chamber, shrine', 38. 
 pardsu 'flee', 39; IV, 1, pret. ipparis XIV, 2. 
 parMdu 'flee', 41. Quadriliteral from cnc. 
 N 3 nc ^zVw 'open'; pret. apte-ma, 43. 
 
 Nnx sdbu 'warrior', 41. 
 313S sumbu 'cart' ; pi. sumbe, 42. 
 nn* sabdtu 'seize'; pret. 1 p. cqbaf, XIII, 11. 
 ins sihru 'little, small', 22, 44. 
 1"S iru< constr. sir 'against', XV, 5. 
 Dbs: salmu 'image'; constr. salam, 19; XIV, 12; XV, 9.
 
 57 
 
 salmu 'black'; fern. pi. constr. salmdt: salmdt qaqqadi 'the 
 black headed ones', i. e., the Babylonians, 39. 
 
 simittu 'span, team', XII, 9. 
 
 susu 'marsh', 19. 
 
 ms 'sdrdhu 'cry out' ; I, 2. issarih, XII, 6 ; XIV, 6. 
 rpSZ sarpu 'refined silver', 34. 
 
 ntp qdtu 'hand', 19; dual qatd, 42. 
 
 bap qablu 'midst; combat', 41. 
 
 ttrp qistu 'gift', 23. 
 
 "liSp ^zsrtt 'strength, power'; constr. qisir, XV, 8. 
 
 ~PP qaqqadu 'head', 39. 
 
 -ipp qaqqdru 'territory, ground', XV, 8. 
 
 3"ip qirbu midst', 35 ; constr. qirib, 42 ; qitrubu 'battle, attack', 42. 
 
 "np qarradu 'warrior', 33 ; qurddu 'warrior', 15. 
 
 nip qa$tu 'bow'; qasdtsunu 'their bows', XII, 13. PI. is qasdti. 
 
 rtN 4 "i rum 'shepherd', 37. 
 ON 3 ~i rdmu 'love', 37. 
 wen rdsu 'head', 15, 23. 
 na") rdbu 'be big, large'; III, 1. usarbd, 38. Adj. rabti, fern. 
 
 rabitu, pi. rabuti, rabdti 'big, large', 22, 37. 
 3D"i rakdbu 'ride, mount'; noun: narkabtu, constr. narkabat-, 
 
 pi. narkabdti, XIV, 5. 
 
 nstl rflww 'help, aid'; pi. partc. rw^ 'allies', 41. 
 Htzn raSu 'possess'; used particularly of mental qualities; partc. 
 
 seen in rd3 t&mi 'possessor of counsel, understanding', XV, 1. 
 
 
 
 115 Sa: rel. pron. 'who'; prep, 'of, 11, 19. 
 bj Sa'dlu 'ask' ; pret. 1 p. aSdl, XV, 7. 
 1N 3 1C 5^rw 'morning', 15. 
 
 law sabdru 'break'; pret. 3 p. fern, ta&zr, XII, 13. 
 rmz: M^t2 'mountain', 23. 
 
 in, &2 'he; that one', 8. tii 'she', 8. tiunu, sina 'they' (masc. 
 and fern.). Sdsu, fern. ^*, 8, 13; suatu, fern. Jzcrfz, pi. 
 $uatunu, fern. Siatina, 19 ; also Satunu, masc. pi. demon- 
 strative pronoun = 'that one, those ones'. 
 -it3 foAzrw 'write'; III, 1. usa3tir-ma, XIV, 11. 
 
 'set, fix, establish' ; Simtu 'fate, destiny', 34 ; XV, 2. 
 'foot', 48 ; s&pi-ia 'my feet', XIV, 5. 
 pw *a^nu 'set, establish', 34; pret. o^fcun, XIV, 8; I, 1. 
 aSlakan, 41. 
 
 'snow', XII, 11.
 
 58 
 
 bb' saldlu 'take as booty' ; pret. aglula, 44. Noun : Sallatu 'booty' ; 
 allati 'as booty', 43; satlasunu = Sallat-sunu 'their 
 booty', 44. 
 obc saldmu 'set' (of the sun), 38. Noun : sulmu 'peace, greeting'. 
 
 19, 50; XV, 7. 
 DIE sumu 'name', 34, 43; pi. sume. XIV, 11 ; constr. sing. Sum, 
 
 XIII, 16. 
 
 rTOC samu 'heaven'; pi. samt, 35. 
 ri2tt sind 'two', XII, 8. 
 "ffi Sandnu 'rival, vie with', 38. 
 bsc saplu, fern, saptitu 'low', 39. 
 yc^: *^)95M 'might, power', 39. 
 ncffi M/?rM 'message'; constr. sipir, 19. 
 
 *lttj Sarru, pi. sarrdni 'king', 15; sarrutu 'kingdom, royalty', 38. 
 CJTC: sarapu 'burn' ; pret. 1 p. asrup, XII, 4. 
 p-id sardqu 'give'; pret. 1 p. a$ruq, XIII, 16. 
 rtpiZJ 6-o^M 'high', 23. 
 nw sa^ftt 'year', 49 ; satttiam 'annually', XV, 5. 
 
 DN 2 n tdmtu(m) 'sea', 38, 39 ; gen. tdmtim, XIV, 2. 
 inn fc2rw 'turn, return', 34; III, 1. utir, XV, 3. 
 *pn ^Ma^' 'ropes', XIV, 5. 
 
 bDn tukuitu, constr. <uA;^ 'trust, confidence', XIV, 9. 
 bn ft7tt 'hill, mound', XV, 3. 
 abn taldmu 'give, present', 38. 
 
 qn tappu 'companion', 34 ; tapputu 'companionship', 37. This 
 is probably from Sumerian tab 'two' and is consequently 
 non- Semitic.
 
 CORRIGENDA TO THE LESSONS 
 
 Page 33. In Lesson X, line 2, the RA-sign should have an extra 
 perpendicular wedge. 
 
 Page 35. Vocabulary, line 10, for " good," read god." 
 
 P,age 45. In Lesson XIII, line 13, the sign BIR should be num- 
 bered 100 and not 102. 
 
 Page 48. Vocabulary, line 13, read IDT for ^DO. 
 
 Page 49. Vocabulary, line 3, read tin for rnx. 
 
 CORRIGENDA AND ADDENDA TO THE GLOSSARY, pp. 51-58 
 
 In the Glossary, all roots referred from the Vocabulary of Lesson 
 XIII, lines 2-13, incl., should have the reference XIII, instead of XII. 
 
 nix Add arhu < month,' XIII, 11 j urruhis < quickly/ XV, 2. 
 
 SaKg Add eklttu ' darkness,' X, 4. 
 
 mK 2 Add erti bronze,' X, 6. 
 
 Ssp Add bmtu < dominion,' XV, 7. 
 
 ^Sa Add participle mubcdiil ' fusing,' X, 6. 
 
 nan Read XIII, 6 ; XIV, 6. 
 
 IBO Read 19, 44 ; XIV, 9, 12. 
 
 to 1 ? Add Idbbis ' like a lion,' XIII, 6. 
 
 DoS "For XVI, 12, read XIV, 12. 
 
 D^o Add melammu ' splendor,' XIV, 9. 
 
 Sobo Add mulmullu < javelin,' XIV, 7. 
 
 npn Add imqut, XV, 4. 
 
 113 Add annadinna ' I raged,' IV, 1 ; XIII, 6. 
 
 -ino For XIII, 5, read XIII, 15. 
 
 U3 Omit pagris ' like a corpse,' XIII, 15. 
 
 rax For XIII, 11, read XIII, 14. 
 
 DSx For XIV, 12, read XIV, 13. 
 
 pw Add pret. askun, XIV, 1, 8 ; Ifteal astakan, 41. 
 
 \Q\ff Add Ifteal istapparflnimma ' they sent me,' XIII, 7. 
 
 S:m Add takiltu ' oracle,' XIII, 7.
 
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