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 DU627. 1 
 Meares, John, 17^j6?-1809. 
 Extracts from Voyages made 
 in ttie years 1788 and 1789
 
 'S^B^' 
 
 '^^^
 
 Hawaiian 
 Historical Society Reprints f^^^ ' 
 
 (1787, 1788 and 1789) 
 
 Extracts from 
 
 Voyages Aade in the Years 1788 and 1789 From 
 
 China to the Northwest Coast of America, with 
 
 an Introductory Narrative of a Voyage 
 
 Performed in 1786, From Bengal, 
 
 in the Ship "Nootka." 
 
 By JOHN AEARES 
 
 (2 Vols., Printed at the Legographic Press, London, in 1791) 
 
 (The Edition of this Reprint is Limited to 500 Copies)

 
 Hawaiian 
 Historical Society Reprints 
 
 (1787, 1788 and 1789) 
 
 Extracts from 
 
 Voyages Aade in the Years 1788 and 1789 From 
 
 China to the Northwest Coast of America, with 
 
 an Introductory Narrative of a Voyage 
 
 Performed in 1786. From Bengal, 
 
 in the Ship "Nootka." 
 
 By JOHN AEARES 
 
 (2 Vols., Printed at the Legographic Press, London, in 1791) 
 
 (The Edition of this Reprint is Limited to 500 Copies)
 
 Preface 
 
 In presenting this reprint to our Members we have arranged 
 the text so that the parts dealing with the Hawaiian Islands come 
 first. All other parts, having an indirect bearing on the History 
 of Hawaii, will be found at the end, in the Appendix. 
 
 The detailed account of Kaiana, and his voyage to and from 
 China, together with an account of the ships trading with the 
 Northwest Coast of America, many of which touched at these 
 Islands, have been placed in the Appendix. 
 
 We have inserted, in brackets, the modern Hawaiian names 
 after those given in the text, whenever possible. Where we have 
 not been able to translate the names we have left parentheses in 
 which they can be inserted. Arranged and indexed for the Ha- 
 waiian Historical Society by Bruce Cartwright Jr.
 
 Aeares' First Visit to Hawaii 
 
 On January 20th, 1786, two vessels were purchased in India — 
 one of 200 tons the ''Nootka." and the other of 100 tons, the "Sea 
 Otter." The former was put under the command of John Meares 
 and the latter under the command of William Tipping, a lieu- 
 tenant in the Royal Navy. They started for a trading voyage 
 from India to the northwest coast of America. They went north 
 to Alaska and after meeting with many misfortunes the crew 
 began to suffer from scurvy, so they proceeded to the Sandwich 
 Islands, where they arrived about the first of August, 1787. The 
 voyage from the Northwest coast to Hawaii, is described as 
 follows : 
 
 "A Northerly wind now sprung up, and brought clear weather 
 along with it, which continued until we made the island of Owhy- 
 hee (Hawaii). Our passage from the continent was fortunately 
 very short; but if we had not been blessed with a continuance of 
 fine and favorable weather, the state of the ship was such, as to 
 make it a matter of doubt whether we should have reached the 
 Sandwich Islands. Still however the horrible disorder beneath 
 which the crew had so long labored, continued to accompany us, 
 and one man died before we gained the salubrious clime whose 
 zephyrs may be said to have bourne health on their wings ; for in 
 ten days after we had reached the islands every complaint had 
 disappeared from among us. 
 
 "We remained here a month, during which time the islanders 
 appeared to have no other pleasure but what arose from showing 
 kindnesses and exercising hospitality to us — They received us 
 with joy — and saw us depart with tears. Among the numbers 
 who pressed forward with inexpressible eagerness to accompany 
 us to Britannee, Tianna ( Kaiana) a chief of Attoi (Kauai) and 
 the brother of the sovereign of that island, was alone received to 
 embarke with us, amid the envy of all his countrymen. 
 
 "On September 2nd we left the Sandwich Islands, leaving be- 
 hind us, I have every reason to believe, the most favorable impres- 
 sions of our conduct and character, with the inhabitants of them." 
 
 The "Sea Otter," Captain Tipping, was never again heard of 
 after leaving Prince William's Sound. 
 
 MEARES' SECOND VISIT TO HAWAII 
 
 On the evening of January 22, I/88, the ships (the "Felice" and 
 "Iphigenia") set sail from China, sailing southeast along the west- 
 ern shores of the Philippines as far as New Guinea, and then
 
 1788 6 
 
 proceeding north along Japan to Alaska and the northwest coast 
 of America, the "Iphigenia" finally arriving off Maui about De- 
 cember 6. 1788. The "Felice" arrived off Hawaii about October 
 16th. 1788. a month and a half ahead of the "Iphigenia." Both 
 ships experienced very heavy weather and met with misfortunes. 
 Scurvy made its appearance before the "Iphigenia" arrived at 
 Alaska, and before the "Felice" arrived at the northwest coast of 
 America. Many of the live stock which were intended for Kauai 
 were killed by accident or for food. The "Felice" was in com- 
 mand of W'm. Douglas and the "Iphigenia" in command of John 
 Meares. When they reached the northwest coast of America 
 they changed ships. 
 
 THE VISIT OF THE FELICE, CAPTAIN MEARES 
 
 Oct. 17. 1788 (Friday). "At five o'clock, on the morning of 
 the 17th. to our infinite satisfaction we discovered land, bearing 
 from East South East, to West North West, at a distance of six 
 leagues : but it was so very hazy, that the island was imperfectly 
 discerned: in clear weather, the high land of Owhyhee (Hawaii) 
 can be seen at a distance of twenty leagues. 
 
 "We (the "Felice") had, indeed, good reason to rejoice at the 
 sight of this island, as we were greatly reduced in the article of 
 provisions. We had given so large a portion of our stores to the 
 "Iphigenia." and our passage to the islands not being so quick as 
 we had expected, the idea of that plenty, and those comforts, 
 which as it were, waited our arrival there, filled every heart with 
 joy and gladness. 
 
 "As we approached the island of Owhyhee (Hawaii), a per- 
 son who had never visited this part of the globe, would have seen 
 nothing by which he could be led to supi:)Ose that it was the seat 
 of luxurious abundance. — The high, mountainous appearance of 
 the land, and the blackness cast over it from the fog and va])our, 
 threw such a gloom on the whole scene, as to aff'ord no expecta- 
 tion of hospitality from the inhabitants, or refreshment from 
 culti\ation. 
 
 "It was too late in the evening to close in with the land; we 
 therefore hove to for the night, at about the distance of four 
 leagues from the shore, and waited with extreme impatience for 
 the morning. 
 
 "On the 18th. at day-break, we bore up. and j)roceede(l under 
 a gentle sail to close in with the land, which we accomplished 
 about nine o'clock; when the late barren and unfriendly prospect 
 was succeeded by a scene that might suit the fablings of poetry 
 and romantic fictinn. The haziness of the mornincr did not ob-
 
 1788 7 
 
 scure the varied landscape before us. The great mountain, or 
 Mouna Kaah (Mauna Kea), which is situated on the North East 
 part of the island, was clothed in clouds, which seemed, as it were, 
 to be rolling down its declivity ; while its summit towered above 
 the vapours, and presented a sublime object of nature : — from its 
 base to the sea was a beautiful amphitheatre of villages and 
 plantations, while the shore was crowded with people, who, from 
 the coolness of the morning, were clothed in their party-colored 
 garments. Some of them were seated on the banks to look at the 
 ship, while others were running along the shore towards the little 
 sandy patches where their canoes were drawn up. in order to 
 come off to us. We now hove to in the entrance of Toe-yah-yah 
 Bay (Kawaihae Bay) which is situated on the Western side of 
 the island, and consequently defended from the violence of the 
 trade winds ; nor was it long before a considerable number of 
 canoes came off to the ship, with hogs, young pigs, taro-root, 
 plantains, sugar-cane, and a few fowls. 
 
 "It was my intention to draw the supplies of pork from this 
 island, and then proceed to Oneeheow (Niihau), to procure a 
 sufficient quantity of yams for the remainder of our voyage. In 
 consequence of this determination, a very brisk trade was car- 
 ried on with the natives, and before night upwards of four hun- 
 dred hogs were purchased. The decks were loaded, and the 
 boats filled with them and the vegetables, which also made a part 
 of our present traffic. Indeed, such was the profusion of these 
 articles which were brought to us, that many of the canoes re- 
 turned without being able to dispose of their cargoes. 
 
 "Among the multitude which visited us on this occasion, I ob- 
 served but one person of rank : he came in a double canoe paddled 
 along bv twelve men, and accompanied by his wife and two young 
 female children. He brought very large hogs, and a large quan- 
 tity of ccooa-nuts , which he ordered on board the ship, and 
 immediately followed his present, accompanying it with the most 
 .friendly expressions and offers of further service. — We were not 
 dilatory in making him a suitable return ; and having thus won 
 his confidence I enquired of him concerning the present state of 
 the island, with a view to the advantage of Tianna (Kaiana). 
 
 "He very readily informed me that old Tereeobeo (Kalanio- 
 puu) had been poisoned, and that his successor was Tianna's 
 (Kaiana's) uncle. He also added, that in consequence of this 
 revolution, a very fierce war had taken place between the inhab- 
 itants of Owhyhee (Hawaii) and those of the island of Mowee 
 (Maui), of which Titeeree (Kahekili) was reigning sovereign. 
 
 "In answer to his information I thought proper to inform him 
 that Tianna (Kaiana) would shortly return to Atooi (Kauai) in
 
 1788 8 
 
 such a ship as mine and that I had a present from liim to the 
 sovereign of Owhyhec (Hawaii), which I desired the chief 
 would take upon himself to deliver, as a mark of Tianna's (Kai- 
 ana's) attachment to his uncle. By such well-timed act of re- 
 gard, I hoped to perform a good office for my friend ; and I have 
 since understood that it produced effects equal to my most san- 
 g-uine wishes. But in order to give certainty to my commission, 
 i made my request and delivered the present hefore a great num- 
 ber of the natives, which was also publicly tabooed ; this arrange- 
 ment was made in order to prevent the chief from keeping the 
 present himself, or substituting another of inferior value. 
 
 "By sunset we had purchased a sufficiency of fresh provisions 
 to last us to China ; we therefore prepared to make sail, in order 
 to proceed to Atooi (Kauai) and Oneeheow (Xiihau) ; but the 
 number of natives, and the women in particular, were so great, 
 not only covering the decks, where there was any room, but even 
 clinging to the rigging, that we were under the necessity of brib- 
 ing them with presents of some kind or other to procure their de- 
 parture. Some of the women took to their canoes, but the 
 greater part plunged into the sea, and swam to the shore. — The 
 ship was no sooner cleared of its visitors, than it began to blow^ 
 very fresh, when the top-sails were reefed, and we stood under 
 an easy sail for the island of Mowee (Maui). 
 
 "We now immediately set to work in killing the hogs, and 
 salting down the meat for sea-store. We followed the mode pre- 
 scribed by Captain Cook, who would deserve the gratitude of 
 his country, of every maritime people, and of humanity at large, 
 if his discoveries had been confined even to those improvements 
 he made in the interior government of ships and their crews. * * * 
 
 "Oct. 23, 1788 (Thursday). Light winds prevented our reach- 
 ing Atooi (Kauai) until the 23rd at noon, when we anchored in 
 Wymoa-bay (Waimea Bay). As we passed the other islands, 
 canoes continually came off to us with young ])igs and sugar- 
 canes, which gave us an opportunity of com])lcting our stock of_ 
 the latter. It was indeed fortunate that we had laid in our stores 
 of fresh provisions at Owhyhee (Hawaii) ; as, on passing Mowee 
 (Maui), Ranai (Lanai), Morotoi (Molokai) and Woahoo 
 (r)ahu), not one large hog was brought off to us; — in all proba- 
 bility there was not sufficient time for that ])ur])ose as the ship 
 was passing. — 
 
 "At Woahoo (Oahu ). indeed, we understood that the hogs, for 
 some reason or other, of which we were not informed, were at 
 that time under the taboo, — a kind of religious interdiction. 
 
 "We had no sooner cast anchor in Wymoa-bay (Waimea Bay) 
 that it began to blow so very strong as to prevent any canoes
 
 1788 9 
 
 from coming off to the ship. — Indeed I had no other motive for 
 stopping here but to inform Taheo (Kaeo), the sovereign of it, 
 that his brother Tianna (Kaiana) would shortly return, and to 
 make him such presents, and take such measures as might be of 
 service to the chief, on his arrival at his native country, which 
 had been for some time in a state of distraction, from the tyranny 
 of its present government. 
 
 "Thursday, Oct. 23, 1788. During the whole of this day not 
 a canoe appeared ; but in the morning of the 24th though it con- 
 tinued to blow very fresh, a canoe came off with two men and a 
 girl ; they brought a small pig and some cocoanuts ; now was I a 
 Httle surprised when the two men, on entering the ship, began to 
 embrace my knees, and to cry out 'Noota' ; the name that I have 
 already observed, by which I was known in these islands, as well 
 as on the American coast. They then burst into tears, and en- 
 quired after Tianna (Kaiana). 
 
 "From these people I learned that Taheo (Kaeo), growing in- 
 firm, suffered himself to be entirely governed by Abinui 
 
 ( ) , who has been already mentioned in the memoir of our 
 
 first voyage, and was the deadly foe of Tianna (Kaiana), Na- 
 maate-haw (Namakeha), another brother of Tianna (Kaiana) 
 and who was esteemed, after him, the bravest warrior of the 
 Sandwich Islands, had flew with his brother's wife and children 
 to a distant part of the island, to escape from the cruel power of 
 Taheo (Kaeo) ; and that some part of their force was at this 
 time in arms. 
 
 "It was, therefore, a very natural measure for Taheo (Kaeo) 
 to forbid all communication between his subjects and us, as he 
 believed that we had brought back Tianna (Kaiana) again: and 
 an inhuman proscription had been published, threatening him 
 with instant death, if he should land on that island. But, not- 
 withstanding the taboo, these faithful people had ventured to 
 come off to us, in order to inform Tianna (Kaiana), whom they 
 supposed to be on board our ship, of his danger. — Besides the 
 artless manner in which these men told their story, other cir- 
 cumstances occurred to convince us of the truth of it. No canoes 
 visited us, and we heard the conchs resounding from the distant 
 hills, — a certain prelude of war. 
 
 "Situated as we were, and without any other communication 
 with the island but that which the zeal of these two men had led 
 them to risk from a principle of affection, we could only, by their 
 means, inform Tianna's (Kaiana's) wife and brother of the ap- 
 proaching arrival of that chief, who would shortly return in a 
 situation to support them and himself against the unnatural pro- 
 ceedings of their tyrannic brother, and his inhuman minister.
 
 1788 10 
 
 This consolatory and encouraging- intelligence they undertook to 
 deliver, with certain presents to Namaatehaw (Namakeha), and 
 the wife of Tianna ( Kaiana ) and having received such as were 
 provided for themselves, they took a hasty leave, and paddled 
 swiftlv to the shore. 
 
 "Till the 25th (Saturday), at noon, wc remained in expectation 
 of receiving some intelligence from the island ; when not seeing 
 a single canoe in motion, we weighed, and proceeded to Onee- 
 heow, (Niihau) where we anchored about six o'clock in the even- 
 ing, nearly in the same position which we had occupied in the 
 preceding year. 
 
 "On arriving off this island we did not experience the opera- 
 tions of anv prohibition against us ; on the contrary, we were 
 surrounded by a crowd of natives, among whom were many of 
 our old friends, whom we perfectly recollected, so that the ship 
 was very shortly filled with visitors of all ages and both sexes. 
 Rut among several who expressed their joy to see us, and who 
 retained the remembrance of our kindness to them, was that af- 
 fectionate islander to whom some of our officers had formerly 
 given the well known, and I may add, honourable appelation of 
 'Friday'; and if any of the companions of my former voyage 
 should peruse this page, they, I am sure, will recollect with 
 somewhat of a grateful remembrance, the friendly and faithful 
 services of honest Friday. Those services he now repeated ; in- 
 deed, on the first sight of the ship, he swam off to make an offer 
 of them, and they proved of the utmost importance to us. 
 
 "We had at this time neither bread or flour on board, and de- 
 pended on procuring a (|uantity of yams sufficient to supply our 
 wants during the remainder of the voyage. But as this was not 
 the season for them, and they were too young to be dug up, we 
 should have found it a matter of great difficulty to have ob- 
 tained a sufficient quantity, if our friend I'>iday had not under- 
 taken the important negotiation. We therefore provided him 
 with such articles as were the most likely to forward our pur- 
 poses ; and, by his influence and perseverence. assisted with the 
 bribes in his possession, he persuaded many of his friends to dig 
 up the largest yams they could find, and bring them to market ; 
 so that we at length obtained several tons of these most neces- 
 sary provisions by the morning of the 27th ; and at noon we pre- 
 pared to put to sea. I am really at a loss how to describe the 
 very marked concern, both in words and looks, that the inhab- 
 itants of this island expressed, when they were informed of our 
 approaching departure. Friday, however, remained to the last, 
 and with him I entrusted a letter to Captain Douglas, with the 
 strictest injuncion to deliver it into his own hands, whenever he
 
 1788 11 
 
 should arrive ; which commission he readily undertook, and faith- 
 fully performed, as will appear in that part of the Iphigenia's 
 voyage which relates to the Sandwich Islands. 
 
 "The subject of this letter was to inform Captain Douglas of 
 the political state of Atooi (Kauai), and to recommend such ar- 
 rangement respecting Tianna (Kaiana), as might tend to rein- 
 state him in his rights, or place him where he might be secure 
 from the menaced injuries of his unnatural brother. Nor was 
 Friday forgotten, whose fidelity and attachment were already 
 known to Captain Douglas, who was an officer on board my ship 
 during our first voyage. I now presented that good fellow with 
 such articles as I well knew would afford him the satisfaction he 
 deserved; when after securing them in his maro (malo) which is 
 a cloth that these people wear around their middle, he plunged 
 into the sea ; and as he swam towards the shore, from time to 
 time turned his head towards us, and waived one hand, while he 
 buft'etted the billows with the other. 
 
 ■'The wind blew fresh from the East North East, when we 
 weighed anchor, and very soon lost sight of the island of Onee- 
 heow (Niihau)." 
 
 VISIT OF THE IPHIGENIA, CAPTAIN WM. DOUGLAS 
 
 The voyage of the "Iphigenia" is now given from the time of 
 her separation from the "Felice" on Tuesday, February 12, 1788, 
 in the Philippines. She proceeded to the northwest coast of 
 America, with King George's Sound as a rendezvous, touching at 
 Johnsons Island and other islands on the voyage. 
 
 "On Sunday, March 16, 1788, 'Tawnee' (Kane), a Sandwich 
 Islander from his watchful care and anxiety during Tianna's 
 (Kaiana's) illness was now sick himself. .Several others of the 
 crew were also sick. Tianna (Kaiana) was now entirely recov- 
 ered, and owed the re-establishment of his health to the Peruvian 
 bark, which operated almost miraculously upon the chief of Atooi 
 (Kauai). 
 
 "The poor amiable islander (Tawnee) at length baffled all the 
 care which was bestowed upon him. — A continual bleeding at the 
 nose was the first symptom ; and when that stopped, a fever suc- 
 ceeded, which seemed for some short time to yield to the bark ; but 
 the disorder at length triumphed, and Tawnee (Kane) was the 
 victim. About one o'clock, on the 23rd. he quitted this world, and 
 was consigned, with the regret of every one on board, to a 
 watery grave. 
 
 They arrived at the North W^est Coast and cruised along
 
 1788 12 
 
 same until on Thursday, Aug. 28, 1788, they met the FeHce in 
 Friendly Cove. 
 
 Monday. Oct. 27, 1788. The "Iphigenia" remained m Friendly 
 Cove after the departure of the "Felice," till the 27th of October, 
 the interval of which was employed in fitting the "North West 
 America" (which they had just built) for sea and making such 
 other preparations as their approaching voyage rendered neces- 
 sary. — At noon, on that day, they quitted Nootka Sound, and pro- 
 ceeded on their way to the Sandwich Islands ; — at day light on 
 Dec. 6, 1788, the "Iphigenia" and her consort ("The North West 
 America") were in sight of Hawaii. 
 
 "The West end of the island then bore South South West, 
 three quarters West, distant nine or ten leagues : and the island 
 of Mowee (Maui) bore West, distant seven leagues. The wind 
 having drawn round to South South West, occasioned them to 
 run over to the South East side of Mowee (Maui). 
 
 "Tianna (Kaiana) whose impatience since the "Iphigenia" left 
 Samboingan, had sometimes broken forth into violent anger, and 
 might have been expected, on approaching his native country, to 
 have assumed the shape of most violent joy, became grave and 
 thoughtful ; and any occasional eagerness which animated his 
 looks and actions, when they drew nigh to the Sandwich Islands, 
 rather implied the anxiety of expectation, than sensations of 
 pleasure. — He knew enough of the situation of his country to 
 cause a very powerful contest between hope and fear in his bosom ; 
 and those apprehensions of danger which weighed nothing with 
 him when sailing over distant seas seemed, in some degree, to 
 oppress his spirits, when he was about to encounter it. It was 
 certainly a period of most painful suspense, as he was uncertain 
 whether the treasures he possessed would be employed to elevate 
 him into consequence, or to purchase his safety ; — whether they 
 would be allowed to enrich himself, or seized, to form the wealth 
 of others. — He had left his island in a state of peace, but he had 
 every reason to fear that he should find it in a state of war ; — or 
 at least under the government of an usurped power, which he 
 could not for a moment suppose would be friendly to him. Such 
 appeared to be the state of Tianna's (Kaiana's) mind on arriv- 
 ing among his native islands. 
 
 "We had no sooner appeared ofif Mowee (Maui) than a great 
 number of canoes came ofif with hogs, yams and plantains. — On 
 this side of the island there is a large town, the residence of 
 Titeeree (Kahekili), the sovereign of Mowee (Maui), who was 
 at this time on a visit to Taheo (Kaeo), king of Atooi (Kauai), 
 in whose absence the government was left to the care of Flarwal- 
 lenee ( ), brother in law of Tianna (Kaiana), of
 
 1788 13 
 
 whose arrival he was no sooner informed, than he ordered a 
 present of hogs for the ship ; but before it arrived Tianna ( Kai- 
 ana) had observed his brother on shore, and having dressed him- 
 self in his best apparel, desired that a message might be sent to 
 invite him on board. — On his arrival they met as brothers should 
 do after a long separation ; the whole of their conduct to each 
 other was affectionate; — they melted into tears, and almost drew 
 the same from the eyes of those who beheld them. — After their 
 first emotions had subsided, the chief requested Captain Douglas 
 to remain with him for a few days, and engaged to supply him 
 with any quantity of provisions that might be demanded ; but as 
 he saw no place where the}' could come to anchor in safety, the 
 surf at the same time beating with great violence, and an heavy 
 swell with the wind blowing in shore. Captain Douglas was under 
 the necessity of declining the invitation. 
 
 "Tianna (Kaiana) being extremely anxious to visit Owhyhee 
 (Hawaii), they wore, and stood at noon for the North West 
 point of that island. 
 
 "At noon on the 7th (Sunday) a canoe from Owhyhee (Ha- 
 waii) came along side, with a friend of Tianna (Kaiana), who 
 had heard in the course of the night from Mowee (Maui), of his 
 
 arrived. — In the afternoon several relations of Abinui ( 
 
 . . . .) came on board, and in the evening Tianna (Kaiana) dis- 
 patched a friend to Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha), to give him 
 notice of their approach. 
 
 "On the following morning (Monday, Dec. 8, 1788) a great 
 number of canoes came off from Toe-yah-yah Bay (Kawaihae 
 Bay), with hogs, fowls, and taro-root. — The winds were light 
 and variable, and the latitude, by observation, 20° 11' North. At 
 sun-set the extremes of Owhyhee (Hawaii) bore from North to 
 South by North, distance off shore three leagues. 
 
 "At two in the morning there was a heavy rain, with thunder 
 and lightening. At day-light they had lost sight of the 'North 
 West America' ; but at nine saw her close in shore. At eleven 
 they hove to till the schooner came up. At noon they were only 
 four miles oft" shore, and the observed latitude was 10° 44' North. 
 In the afternoon several of Tianna's (Kaiana's) relations came 
 on board ; and so liberal was he disposed to be to them all, that 
 if he had not been checked in his generousity, the whole of his 
 treasure would have been divided among them. 
 
 "The king also sent a present to Captain Douglas, accompanied 
 with a message that he would pay him a visit as soon as he had 
 come to anchor in the bay. 
 
 "The current having sent them a considerable way to the North- 
 ward (Wednesday, Dec. 10, 1788), at day-light they made sail
 
 1788 14 
 
 for the bay : and at noon the latitude, by observation was 19° 35' 
 North. 
 
 "Tianna (Kaiana) now dispatched one of the chiefs who had 
 come to welcome his arrival, to invite the King to come on board ; 
 and at two in the afternoon he made his appearance in a large 
 double canoe, attended by twelve others of the same size, beauti- 
 fully adorned with feathers. As soon as he came on board. Cap- 
 tain Douglas saluted him with seven guns. After crying over 
 Tianna (Kaiana) for a considerable time, the King presented 
 Captain Douglas with a most beautiful fan, and two long- feath- 
 ered cloaks. The light winds and number of canoes hanging on 
 the ship, prevented her from making any way through the water; 
 so that it became a matter of necessity to request his Majesty to 
 taboo the ship, with which he readily complied, desiring permis- 
 sion, at the same time, for himself and several of the chiefs to 
 sleep on board. 
 
 "(Thursday, Dec. 11, 1788.) They continued working into the 
 bay till two o'clock in the morning ; when they dropped anchor in 
 21 fathoms water, at the distance of three quarters of a mile from 
 shore. The King professed the warmest friendship for the Cap- 
 tain of the Tphigenia,' — declared that the island should belong 
 to him while he remained there. — and, to prove the sincerity of 
 his regard, exchanged names with him. But however flattering 
 all these attentions might be. Captain Douglas thought it not 
 impossible but that some attempt might be made to seize the 
 schooner, as she appeared to be small, and her crew few in num- 
 ber ; he therefore in the evening, carried the King on board the 
 'North West America,' when by saluting him with all her guns, 
 and other explanations concerning the possibility of defending 
 her, when attacked, by retiring to close quarters, the difficulty of 
 getting possession of her must have appeared very evident to the 
 royal visitor. 
 
 "When, however, Tianna (Kaiana) explained to him the man- 
 ner and time in which she was built, he entreated that a carpen- 
 ter might be left at Owhyhee (Hawaii) to assist Tianna (Kaiana) 
 in forming such another ; and, indeed, so earnest were the re- 
 quests of them both on this subject, that it was necessary to 
 make something of a conditional promise, at least, for their pres- 
 ent satisfaction. 
 
 "(Friday, Dec. 12, 1788.) On the morning of the 12th the 
 Captains of both ships accompanied the King and Tianna (Kai- 
 ana) in the jolly-boat, on shore. They were met on the beach bv 
 three priests, who chaunted a kind of .song, and presented a small 
 hog and cocoa-nut ; the former of which was given by the King 
 to Captain Douglas. — This ceremonv continued about ten min-
 
 1788 15 
 
 utes, after which they were introduced into a large house spread 
 with mats, and a kind of party-colored cloth ; when, after the 
 repetition of these ceremonies, and the priest had chaunted a 
 third song, two baked hogs were brought in, of which the English 
 gentlemen alone ate, and then proceeded to take a walk, in which 
 they were not interrupted by a single person, as all the natives 
 were tabooed on the occasion, and, of course, confined to their 
 houses. 
 
 "Nothing was seen in this little excursion worth repetition, 
 but a clump of cocoa-nut trees, whose trunks were pierced by 
 the balls of the 'Resolution' and the 'Discovery" (nine years be- 
 fore, in 1779). It being extremely hot they returned and dined 
 with the King, on fresh fish and potatoes. — The other chiefs sat 
 at some distance during the dinner, and then made their meal on 
 roasted dogs, taro-roots and potatoes ; as at this season of the year 
 even the chiefs are forbidden to eat hogs and fowls, from the 
 King down to the lowest Eree (Alii). In the evening the King 
 and Queen returned with Captain Douglas on board the 'Iphi- 
 genia,' as they considered it to be a luxury of no common de- 
 scription to sleep in his cot. 
 
 "Saturday, Dec. 13, 1788. This day was chiefly employed in 
 killing and salting down hogs ; but as the coppers on board for 
 heating the water were very small, they made but slow progress 
 in this necessary occupation. 
 
 "At three in the morning of the 14th, the schooner came under 
 the stern of the Tphigenia,' when Captain Funter gave the very 
 disagreeable information that she had parted her cable. — After 
 having moored her to the 'Iphigenia,' Tianna (Kaiana) was re- 
 quested to go on shore, and entreat the King to send ofif his 
 divers, in order to recover the anchor ; and at 8 o'clock he came 
 off with them. The schooner having lain in thirty fathoms water, 
 and not having left more than three or four fathoms of cable, a 
 very great depth must have remained for the natives to have ex- 
 plored, in order to succeed in the business about which they were 
 to be employed. The following ceremony, however, was to be 
 performed, before they entered upon their search ; — When their 
 canoes were arrived at the place where the anchor lay, several 
 calabashes with Taro-root were presented by a chief to six men, 
 who employed about half an hour at the repast ; when one of the 
 chiefs who accompanied them gave three loud yells, and waved a 
 piece of white cloth over his head ; at this signal the six men 
 plunged into the sea, and disappeared in a moment. — Four of the 
 six remained beneath the water about five minutes ; the fifth con- 
 tinued about a minute longer, and when he came up was almost 
 exhausted ; two men immediately seized and dragged him to the
 
 1788 16 
 
 boat; — In the mean time there was no appearance of the sixth, 
 who was considered as lost, when he was seen near the surface 
 of the water, but sinking down again ; three of the divers, how- 
 ever, phmged instantly after him, and brought him up, but in a 
 senseless state, and with streams of blood issuing from his mouth 
 and nostrils. — It was some time before he was sufficiently recov- 
 ered to inform them that he had not only got hold of the cable, 
 but had cleared it. This man, according to the account of Cap- 
 tain Funter of the 'North West America,' was beneath the water 
 the space of seven minutes and a half. It appeared, however, 
 that the anchor was in too great a depth of water to afford any 
 prospect of its being recovered. — These people were amply re- 
 warded for their exertions. 
 
 "Captain Douglas having given orders to right the anchor, 
 thought it prudent to move further in toward the village of Kow- 
 rowa (Kailua) and dropped anchor in twenty fathoms water, 
 about a quarter of a mile from the shore ; — but, finding it to be 
 bad ground, a warp was run out, and the ship hauled into 14 
 fathoms water. 
 
 "Monday, Dec. 15, 1788. At day-light the jolly-boat was sent 
 to sound, when, on its being discovered that the ground was by 
 no means clear of the coral rock, on the Kowrowa (Kailua) side, 
 they weighed anchor, and warped the ship opposite Sandy Bay, 
 on the Karakakooa (Kealakekua) side, where they dropped the 
 bower anchor in 20 fathoms water, with a bottom of grey sand ; 
 the two points which form the bay, wearing West half North, to 
 South one quarter West, distant off shore about one mile. The 
 evening was employed in killing and salting provisions. 
 
 "Tianna (Kaiana) had now determined to remain at Owhyhee 
 (Hawaii), as Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha) had given him a 
 large tract of land in that island, where he would live in a state 
 of honour and security which the reigning distractions and jeal- 
 ousies of the government of Atooi (Kauai) would have denied 
 him ; besides, it was a matter of no great difficulty to get his wife 
 and the rest of his family from thence to his new settlement. 
 
 "h'riday, Dec. 19, 1788. The weather having been very squally 
 to the Westward for some days past. Captain Douglas was appre- 
 hensive of a gale of wind blowing from the sea ; he was therefore 
 determined to get under way, and go in search of some place, 
 among the other islands where the vessels might lie in safety. 
 In the morning, therefore, they unmoored the ship, but in heav- 
 ing the small bower they founrl the cable had parted. — On the very 
 instant this discovery was made, the King and his chiefs secretly 
 quitted the ship and paddled hastily to the shore. — As the clinch 
 was cut, to all appearance by design, there was little doubt on
 
 1788 17 
 
 whom to fix the mischief: Tianna (Kaiana), therefore, was 
 sent to inform the King of the circumstance, as well as the sus- 
 picions connected with it, and that if the anchor was not found, 
 his town should be blown about his ears. This threat had the 
 desired effect, for in a short time Tianna (Kaiana) returned with 
 a party of divers, who, after a repetition of the ceremonies al- 
 ready described, leaped into the water and disappeared, but no 
 anchor was to be seen. — They were sent down the second time with 
 the same success. — At length the buoy-rope was hooked with a 
 small grapnel, so that the divers had now no excuse whatever as 
 to the uncertainty where the anchor lay ; accordingly two of them 
 went down with a three and half inch rope, and bent it in twenty 
 fathoms, as well as if they had been on shore, so that this im- 
 portant object was fortunately recovered; the Iqss of which would 
 have been very distressing, as they had only one bower left, and 
 a heavy sheet-anchor, but without any cable of sufficient strength 
 to bring the latter to the bows. 
 
 "In the morning (Sunday, Dec. 20, 1788) they had light 
 breezes from the land, and as they were heaving up the anchor, 
 in order to get an offing, an heavy squall appearing to be brewing 
 from the Westward, the King, accompanied by Tianna (Kaiana) 
 and several chiefs, came on board ; but the former, when he found 
 that we shot out from the bay, thought it time to depart, and ac- 
 cordingly left the ship, attended by upwards of an hundred canoes. 
 
 "As soon as they had an offing, they hove to, and the squall 
 clearing away, Tianna's (Kaiana's) treasures were ordered to be 
 brought upon deck. They consisted of saws of different kinds, 
 gimblets, hatchets, adzes, knives and choppers, cloth of various 
 fabrics, carpets of several colors, a considerable quantity of 
 China-ware, and ten bars of iron. — These riches, for such they 
 may be truly denominated to the owner of them, were not to be 
 trusted in one bottom ; and as there yet remained about the ship 
 several double canoes that carried each from 40 to 50 men, his 
 trunk was handed into one of them, the bars of iron into another, 
 and so on, till he had no less than 5 canoes charged with his 
 treasure, which was securely lashed to them. — Tianna (Kaiana) 
 after intreating Captain Douglas again and again to bring his 
 family from Atooi (Kauai) to Owhyhee (Hawaii), took a most 
 affectionate leave of him and the whole crew, who had so long 
 been his constant companions and friends ; nor were the latter 
 without their emotions of regard, when they saw the chief, whose 
 amiable disposition and superior qualities had won their sincere 
 esteem through the connection of a long and dangerous voyage, 
 about to be seperated from them. — As Tianna (Kaiana) left the 
 ship, accompanied by a numerous train of his relations in their
 
 1788 18 
 
 respective canoes. Captain Douglas ordered a salute of seven guns, 
 as a mark of esteem to that respectable chief, and immediately 
 made sail to the North West." 
 
 Though several European vessels have been off the island, yet 
 as the 'Iphigenia' alone had anchored in Karakakooa-bay (Kea- 
 lakekua Bay), and Captain Douglas and his people were the only 
 Europeans who have ventured on shore at Owhyhee (Hawaii) 
 since the unfortunate death of Captain Cook, the changes which 
 have taken place in the island since that lamentable event, as far 
 as they came to the knowledge of Captain Douglas, may be con- 
 sidered, perhaps, as a matter of sufficient curiosity to justify a 
 cursory mention of them. 
 
 Many of the chiefs whom Captain King thought proper to 
 particularise, are no more ; and among them the friendly Kairee- 
 keea ( " ) and the treacherous Koah (Koa) ; — 
 
 but Eappo (Hiapo) the faithful Eappo (Hiapo), who may be re- 
 membered as having brought the bones of the illustrious navigator 
 to Captain Clerke, and who had married Tianna's (Kaiana's) 
 sister, was now on board the 'Iphigenia,' where he had lived ever 
 since her arrival off the island. As to the revolution in the gov- 
 ernment, the most accurate account, in the opinion of Captain 
 Douglas, was as follows : 
 
 About 3 years after the death of Captain Cook, ]\laiha Maiha 
 (Kamehameha), — for that was the name which Tomehomy-haw 
 (Kamehameha) then bore, — has occassion to send a message to 
 Tereeoboo (Kalaniopuu) who, for some reason which did not 
 appear, thought proper to put the messenger to death. — But Maiha 
 Maiha (Kamehameha) being a very powerful chief, and possess- 
 ing a bold and active disposition, contrived to unite the greater 
 part of those of his rank to join with him in forwarding his re- 
 venge. He, therefore, went immediately to the King, who be- 
 came so irritated by his provoking accusations, as to resent the 
 insult by a blow. On this act, whicli we must sui:>pose to have 
 been considered as in the highest degree criminal in the King him- 
 self, the Chiefs of the island sat in judgment during three days, 
 when it was determined by the council, that Tereeoboo (Kalani- 
 opuu ) shoulfl suffer death. A cup of poison, therefore, was in- 
 stantly prepared, and being given to ]\Taiha ^Maiha (Kameha- 
 meha ) was presented by him to the King, who refused it twice ; 
 when being informed that another and more dishonourable mode 
 of punishment was at hand, and in observing that an executioner 
 .stood by his side, in a state of preparation to knock out his brains, 
 the wretched sovereign, in an agony of despair, drank off the 
 deadly draught, and in a few moments fell from his seat and 
 expircfl.
 
 1788 19 
 
 The same power which doomed Tereeoboo (Kalaniopuu) to 
 death, deprived his son of the royal succession, and Maiha Maiha 
 (Kamehameha) was proclaimed King, by the name of Tome- 
 homy-haw ( Kamehameha ) . 
 
 Such was the most probable history of this revolution ; — though 
 the King himself topk no common pains to persuade Captain 
 Douglas that Tereeoboo (Kalaniopuu) was poisoned for having 
 encouraged the natives to the murder of Captain Cook. 
 
 Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha), however, appeared to be 
 rather an object of fear than love among his subjects. — As far as 
 could be observed, he was of a tyrannic disposition, and pos- 
 sessed few of those qualities which gain a sovereign the first of 
 all titles, — the Father of his people. Captain Douglas mentions 
 a circumstance which proves at least, that if a blow from the hand 
 or a weapon was considered at Owhyhee ( Hawaii ) as capital 
 ofifence even in the King, the same violence from the foot was, by 
 no means, considered as partaking of the same criminal nature. — 
 Some of the chiefs proposing, on seeing Captain Douglas shav- 
 ing himself, that the King should undergo the same operation, 
 his Majesty thought proper to kick them all, one after the other, 
 not only without fear, but without mercy. 
 
 Sunday, Dec. 21, 1788. On the 21st the ships made sail for 
 Mowee (Maui) with the wind from the South. At noon the ob- 
 served latitude was 20° 36' North, distant from Mowee (Maui) 
 4 miles. 
 
 A fresh gale springing up from the Southward they ran up to 
 the head of the bay, and had regular soundings from 13 to 5 
 fathoms of water over coral rock, with some spots of sand, where 
 they might have anchored with safety to their cables, if the wind 
 had not blown so fresh from shore. They, therefore, hauled out 
 of the bay, and steered for the West point of the island. At 6 
 in the evening, they dropped the small bower anchor in five 
 fathoms and an half of water, over sand and shells, and moored 
 with the stream anchor, half a cable each way. 
 
 No material occurrence took place from the 21st, but an at- 
 tempt of the natives to cut the cable while the "Iphigenia" was 
 at anchor ofif the Island of Mowee (Maui), for which one of 
 them received a very severe correction. They had continued for 
 several days to beat about in search of a good anchoring place ; 
 and on the 30th. they worked round the South East end of the 
 Island of Woahoo (Oahu) and at 8 in the evening were close in 
 with a large bay. The following day (Wednesday, Dec. 31, 
 1788) at noon, on finding that the current set them down to- 
 wards a shoal, which the sea broke over with great force, they 
 made sail and pushed out from the land, when they had 5, 4 and 3
 
 1788-9 20 
 
 and an half fathoms of water about 4 miles from shore. At 4 in 
 the afternoon they tacked and stood in, to try for anchorage; but 
 the wind blowing too fresh on land, and a number of shoals and 
 banks being under their lee, they were obliged to put about. 
 
 Tan. 1, 1789, Thursday. Having stood ofif till 4 in the morn- 
 ing, the wind drew round to the Eastward, and brought clear 
 moderate weather. They were now informed by the natives that 
 Titeeree (Kahekili), the King, lived on the East side of the bay. 
 The jolly-boat was. therefore, sent to sound opposite a sandy bay, 
 while the 'Tphigenia" stood off under an easy sail. At noon the 
 jolly-boat made signal for anchorage, when they accordingly run 
 in and dropped the stream anchor in 11 fathoms of water, over 
 sand and shells, at the distance of about 3 miles from a village, 
 and 2 from an high bluff land on the Eastern side of the bay. The 
 two extreme points which form this large bay, bearing West half 
 North, to East South East. It is called by the natives Witetee 
 (Waikiki), and the only good anchorage appears to be on the 
 Eastern side ; while the trade winds blows, a vessel may ride in 
 safety ; but if the wind varies to the South East or West, it then 
 becomes dangerous, on account of the number of shoals and banks 
 which it contains. 
 
 After they had dropped anchor. Captain Douglas dispatched a 
 present to the King, accompanied with an invitation to see him 
 on board, and at four in the afternoon he paid a visit to the 
 'Tphigenia" (Thursday, Jan. 1, 1789). The sovereign of Woa- 
 hoo (Oahu) was saluted with the discharge of five guns on his 
 arrival on board and a second present of adzes, choppers and 
 knives was offered to him ; when he readily promised that the 
 taboo should be taken off the hogs, as far as it related to them, 
 and that they should be plentifully supplied from the islands of 
 Mowee (Maui), Ranai (Lanai), Morotoi (Molokai) and Woa- 
 hoo (Oahu). 
 
 Friday, Jan. 2, 1789. In the morning the King repeated his 
 visit, bringing a present of hogs, taro-root and potatoes, with a 
 turtle, and some fish of the trout kind. Early in the afternoon he 
 went on shore, and soon after Captain Douglas followed him in 
 the jolly-boat. He was received very cordially by Titeeree (Ka- 
 hekili) who took him round the village, showed him several plan- 
 tations, and conducted him to some large ponds, which appeared 
 to be full of fish. He mentioned also some others where he had 
 a quantity of turtle, and promised to bring some on board the 
 next day. 
 
 Saturday, Jan. 3, 1789. The next morning Titeeree (Kahe- 
 kili) visited the ship, with a present of a turtle and some hogs. 
 About 10 o'clock a double canoe, schooner rigged, came round
 
 1789 21 
 
 the East point of the bay. The natives were deceived as well as 
 the people in the ship; for they all imagined it to be the "North 
 West America," which had not been seen for some days, till the 
 canoe came within a short distance. She had got jib, main-sail 
 and fore-sail as well as those of the schooner. 
 
 On the 10th they were joined by Captain Funter (of the "North 
 West America"), who had been beating off the West point of the 
 island for several days past, without being able to join the "Iphi- 
 genia." 
 
 Nothing of material occurrence took place during the time 
 which the vessels remained at Woahoo (Oahu), except the loss of 
 both their anchors; which Titeeree (Kahekili), who, in every 
 other respect, behaved with the greatest kindness, contrived, 
 though it blew a gale of wind, to heave up and get ashore, with 
 their cables. As this was a loss of the utmost consequence, and, 
 situated as they were, would have prevented their future progress, 
 it became absolutely necessary to be very serious in their endeav- 
 ors to recover them. The King did not attempt to hide the theft ; 
 and the people whom Captain Douglas sent to him to demand the 
 restoration of the anchors and cables, saw them lying in his house. 
 Indeed, they seem to have been taken with no other view than to 
 compel Captain Douglas to leave some of his armourers at Woa- 
 hoo (Oahu), as the condition of their being restored. However, 
 the anchors, etc., were regained, on presenting the King with a 
 pistol, a musket, and a small quantity of ammunition ; accompa- 
 nied also with some very necessary menaces, that if he did not 
 restore the articles he had taken, his town should be laid in ashes. 
 
 Sunday, Jan. 25, 1789. After having laid in such a stock of 
 provisions as it was in their power to purchase and having filled 
 some of the casks with water, at half past five in the afternoon of 
 the 25th, the two vessels got under way, and stood out of the bay. 
 
 At noon of the following day, the observed latitude was 21° 23' 
 North; and the extremes of Woahoo (Oahu) bore from East by 
 South, to North W^est by North, distant from shore about 4 miles. 
 
 Monday, Jan. 26, 1789. At two in the afternoon of the 26th, 
 they saw the island of Atooi (Kauai), bearing West by North 
 half North ; and in the course of the night had a strong current 
 setting against them, with the wind from the Westward. At 
 noon of the 29th they dropped anchor in Wymoa Bay (Waimea 
 Bay), in 23 fathoms of water, over a muddy bottom. The two 
 extreme points which form the bay, bearing from East South 
 East, to West North West. The ]\Iorai (Heiau) on shore, bore 
 North East half North. 
 
 On the arrival of the "Iphigenia" and the "North West Amer- 
 ica" off the island, Taheo (Kaeo), the King, and all the chiefs,
 
 1789 22 
 
 had gone to a considerable distance up the country, dreading the 
 eflFects of Tianna's (Kaiana's) anger, who, they had been in- 
 formed, was on board one of the vessels, and had tabooed every- 
 thing on shore ; but as it was understood that the chief, whose 
 vengance was so much dreaded, had been left at Owhyhee (Ha- 
 waii), messengers were immediately sent after Taheo (Kaeo), 
 who in consequence of this information, returned in about 3 days 
 to Wymoa (Waimea) ; and on his arrival, several canoes were 
 sent off with hogs, potatoes and yams, for which a most exhorbi- 
 tant price was demanded. A couple of hatchets, or 18 inches of 
 bar iron, was expected even for a hog but of a middle size. 
 
 This exhorbitant disposition arose principally from the sugges- 
 tions of a boy, wdiose name was Samuel Hitchcock, who had run 
 away from Captain Colnett, and was become a great favorite with 
 Taheo (Kaeo) himself. Indeed, so great was his influence with 
 the King, that one of the natives having stolen from him a small 
 piece of cloth which he wore round his middle, Taheo (Kaeo) 
 ordered the culprit to be pursued to the mountains, whither he 
 had fled, and when the wretched creature had been taken, both 
 his eyes were torn from their sockets, a pahoo (pahoa) was then 
 driven through his heart, and his flesh stripped from the bones, 
 as a bait for sharks. 
 
 But though Taheo (Kaeo) returned to Wymoa (Waimea) he 
 was by no means without apprehensions as to his safety ; nor 
 W'Ould he accept of Captain Douglas's invitation to come on board 
 the "Iphigenia" ; feigning as an excuse, that he had been ill used 
 by the crew of a ship some time before. This alarm, indeed, in a 
 short time subsided, and he paid his occasional visits to the ship, 
 and a friendly communication, at least to all appearances, took 
 place between the natives and their European visitors. 
 
 At the same time it was hinted to Captain Douglas to be con- 
 tinually on his guard against the designs of the King, and of 
 
 Abinui ( ) his minister ; and he was also informed of a 
 
 poisonous root well known to the inhabitants of the Sandwich 
 Islands which when ground to powder, might be easily scattered 
 about the ship, or thrown upon their clothes, without being ob- 
 served, and whose power is of such a deadly nature, that if the 
 smallest quantity of it should be inhaled by the mouth or nos- 
 trils, the consequence is immediate death ; Captain Douglas, there- 
 fore, although he did not very much suspect any murderous inten- 
 tion in Taheo (Kaeo) or his people, thought it a prudent precau- 
 tion, at all events, to make known his intention, if any attempt 
 was made to poison any of the provisions sold to them that he 
 would not leave a native alive whom he should find within his 
 reach.
 
 1789 23 
 
 But though the quantity of hogs and roots which they could 
 obtain on Atooi (Kauai), were by no means equal to their expec- 
 tations or sometimes even to their immediate necessities, oppor- 
 tunities w^ere taken of doing considerable service, by making such 
 repairs in sails, cordage, and other articles, which were essen- 
 tially necessary to the condition of both the vessels. It was there- 
 fore determined to proceed to Oneeheow (Niihau) ; and as Na- 
 mitahaw (Namakeha), with six of his relations, and four women, 
 expressed their wishes to accompany Tianna's (Kaiana's) wife 
 and child to Owhyhee (Hawaii), he took them all on board, in 
 the expectation that they would be of very great service to him 
 in procuring such provisions as he wanted, in the island he was 
 proceeding to visit. 
 
 Wednesday, Feb. 18, 1789. At two in the afternoon of Wed- 
 nesday, the 18th of February, both vessels got under way; and at 
 sun-setting. Wymoa Bay (Waimea Bay) bore North East. At 
 noon the following day (Thursday, Feb. 19, 1789) the South 
 West end of Oneeheow (Niihau) bore West, at a distance of one 
 mile. But strong gales coming on from the North West, and 
 finding that they drove a considerable way to the Southward and 
 Eastward of Oneeheow (Niihau) and Atooi (Kauai), and there 
 being every appearance that the wind would continue to the 
 Westward. Captain Douglas determined to run over to Woahoo 
 (Oahu), in order to get a fresh supply of provisions, as they 
 had killed their last hog. Accordingly on Saturday the 21st. at 
 four in the afternoon, a fresh gale springing up from the North 
 North West, they bore away for Woahoo (Oahu). At noon on 
 the following day (Sunday, Feb. 22, 1789) they past the West- 
 ern point of Witetee (Waikiki) Bay, the sounding being from 
 14 to 3 fathoms of water, and distant 5 or 6 miles from the 
 shore. Captain Douglas observes that this shoal runs out fur- 
 ther than any he had encountered among these islands, and that 
 it lies in the latitude of 21° 22' North, and the longitude of 
 202° 15' East of Greenwich. 
 
 In the morning of the 23rd they came to their former anchor- 
 ing ground; and at nine, Titeeree (Kahekili) came on board, 
 and some of the passengers having informed him of the price 
 paid for provisions at Atooi (Kauai), he was disposed to imi- 
 tate the exorbitant demands of the neighboring island ; and no 
 inconsiderable quantity of powder and shot, for those were now 
 become the favorite articles, was demanded for a single hog; 
 so that very peremptory methods were obliged to be employed 
 in order to procure the necessary supplies. 
 
 (Tuesday, Feb. 24. 1789.) A fresh breeze springing up from 
 the Westward about noon, on the 24th, Captain Douglas em-
 
 1789 24 
 
 braced the favorable occasion to get over to Owhyhee (Ha- 
 waii), where he hoped to find greater plenty, and more reason- 
 able demands. 
 
 At noon on the 2nd of ^larch, (Jwhyhee (Hawaii) bore from 
 North half West, to South East by South, distant from the 
 shore about two leagues; and very shortly after Tianna (Kai- 
 ana) came on board from a part of the island called Toee-Hye 
 (Kawaihae), and when he had indulged himself for some time in 
 the oppressive joy of yearning nature at the sight of his wife 
 and child, he conducted the ship into a bay called by the natives 
 Tiroway (Kailua) and at four in the afternoon, they anchored 
 in 16 fathoms of water, over a fine sand, the two extreme points 
 bearing from South South East half East, distant from shore 
 about a mile and a half. 
 
 In the evening, by the provident care of Tianna (Kaiana) 
 they received considerable quantity of refreshments. Early the 
 next morning (Tuesday, jMarch 3, 1789) the jolly-boat was 
 sent to sound the Bay, when good ground was found all across 
 it, from 14 to 22 fathoms of water, over a fine brown sand. 
 
 The King having been on a fishing party, he did not arrive 
 till 4 in the afternoon ; when he came, accompanied by his Queen 
 and daughter, in two dispatch boats, having quitted his heavy' 
 canoes and attendants. He appeared to be overjoyed at their 
 return, — expressed his hopes that Tianna (Kaiana) had paid 
 them all proper attention in his absence, and assured them that 
 his power in the island, and all he himself possessed in it, was 
 art: their command. Indeed, the quantity of provisions with 
 which he caused them to be furnished, and his anxious endeav- 
 ors to forward the wishes of Captain Douglas in every thing, 
 proved, beyond doubt, the sincerity of his professions. 
 
 The next day (Wednesday, March 4, 1789) at an early hour. 
 Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha), Tianna (Kaiana), and several 
 other chiefs came on board the "Iphigenia," and soon after the 
 whole company was dismissed by the King, except Tianna (Kai- 
 ana) ; and having thrown a feather cloak over Captain Douglas, 
 the chief, in the name of the sovereign and himself, began to 
 enfold the secrets of their political situation. 
 
 He stated that Taheo (Kaeo), king of Atooi (Kauai), and 
 Titeeree (Kahekili), the sovereign of Mowee (Maui), Ranai 
 (Lanai), Morotoi (Molokai) and Woahoo (Oahu), had entered 
 into a compact with Terremoweeree (Keawemauhili), the sur- 
 viving son of Tereeoboo (Kalaniopuu) who lived on the weather 
 side of the island, to dispossess Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha) 
 of his rank and power for no other reason but because he had 
 ])crmitted Tianna (Kaiana) to fix his settlement at Owhyhee
 
 1789 2?> 
 
 (Hawaii); — That Taheo (Kaeo) had been furnished by Cap- 
 tains Portlock, Dixon, etc., with a quantity of arms and ammu- 
 nition, on an express condition that he would not afiford any 
 suppHes whatever to Captain Meares and his associates ; — for the 
 truth of which information, he appealed to the reception which 
 that gentleman had lately found on putting into the island of 
 Atooi (Kauai), where he could not obtain any refreshment of 
 any kind. And Tianna (Kaiana), with tears in his eyes, and 
 the most affectionate expressions, declared his apprehensions of 
 the distress which Captain Meares and his crew must have suf- 
 fered from the want of provisions before he reached Macao, if 
 he should have been able, by any means, to have completed his 
 voyage to China. The speech, which was of considerable length, 
 concluded with entreating Captain Douglas to leave two of his 
 men behind him, till his return from America, together with a 
 swivel gun, his own fowling piece, and whatever other arms 
 and ammunition could be spared by him. 
 
 The preparations which Captain Douglas had seen at the 
 other islands, and the great demand he had experienced for 
 powder, shot and muskets, induced him to give some credit to 
 the scheme which Tianna (Kaiana) had just mentioned; he, 
 therefore, complied with that part of the request which related 
 to the fire-arms, and immediately orderec| the carpenter on 
 shore, to form a stage on one of the largest double canoes, to 
 receive the swivel. 
 
 In the afternoon of the following day (Thursday, March 3, 
 1789) the carpenter having finished the canoe, she was brought 
 alongside the "Iphigenia," when the gun was mounted; but it 
 was with great difficulty that the King could prevail on his peo- 
 ple to keep their paddles in their hands while he discharged the 
 piece. 
 
 At six in the morning, the wind being from the Southward 
 and Westward, a signal was made for the King to come on 
 board, when they got under way, steering for the bay of Toee- 
 Hye (Kawaihae). 
 
 The King was accompanied by his Queen, Tianna (Kaiana) 
 and other principal chiefs, while those of an inferior rank at- 
 tended the ship in a fleet of 30 canoes. Tiroway-Bay (Kailua), 
 which they now quitted, is superior in many respects to that of 
 Karakakooa (Kealakekua), the ground being extremely good, 
 with not a spot of coral rock in any part of it ; besides, vessels 
 may lay at such a distance from the shore, that if the wand 
 blows, they can clear the land with safety. The latitude of the 
 ship at anchor was 10° 4' North. At half past five in the after- 
 noon, the best bower anchor was dropped in 10 fathoms of water.
 
 1789 26 
 
 opposite the village of Toee-Hye (Kavvaihae), the two extreme 
 points of this large bay bearing from South West by South, to 
 North West by North, distant from the shore 3 miles. 
 
 (Sunday, March 7, 1789.) In the evening, the King and his 
 company went on shore; and on the following morning sent off 
 a present of 30 hogs, a quantity of salt, cocoa-nuts, potatoes, 
 and taro. As the trade wind was now blowing fresh. Captain 
 Douglas requested that he might, if possible, be favored with 
 immediate supplies, as he was in haste to sail for America. Tome- 
 homy-haw (Kamehameha), therefore, dispatched messengers up 
 the country, with orders for everyone who had an hog to bring 
 it immediately to the village, on pain of death ; and at ten the 
 next morning, he himself came off with a present of 50 hogs, 
 some of which weighed 15 stone. — In the course of the day 
 other necessary articles were sent on board; and amongst other 
 things were 12 geese. It may be a matter of curiosity to men- 
 tion that, at the same time, a boat came into the bay with a cock 
 and hen turkey. These animals were going round to breed at 
 the village of Wipeeo (Waipio). The hen, we were told, had 
 already sat twice, in different parts of the island, and reared 
 her broods to the number of 20; so that in a few years there 
 will be a great abundance of that species of fowl in these islands. 
 In the evening Captain Douglas, after presenting some fire-arms 
 and ammunition to the King and Tianna (Kaiana), took his 
 leave of them ; and at midnight they got under way. Their lati- 
 tude at noon, on the next day (Monday, March 9, 1789) was 
 30° 21' North. They now proceeded to Woahoo (Oahu), 
 where having got a considerable quantity of wood, and made 
 some addition to the stock of taro and sugar-cane, they continued 
 their course to Atooi (Kauai) ; and in the evening of the 12th 
 came to an anchor about two miles to the Eastward of the an- 
 choring ground. At daylight on the 13th, they got the boats 
 out, and towed the ship into her former berth. Taheo (Kaeo) 
 and the other principal chiefs were gone to Punna (Puna) and 
 Abinui ( ) was the only person of consequence re- 
 maining at Wymoa (Waimea), who sent a present of an hog on 
 board, but did not think proper to accompany it. 
 
 In the morning the long boat was sent on shore for water, 
 when the men on duty got to quarrelling with so much violence, 
 as to draw their knives against each other; and when Mr. Viana 
 attempted to part them, a seaman, of the name Jones, threatened 
 to knock him down. As such a disturbance, if not checked in 
 time, might have been attended with consequences that would 
 prove fatal to the voyage, Captain Douglas ordered Jones to 
 immediate punishment; to which with the most horrid execra-
 
 1789 27 . 
 
 tions, he refused to submit, and run for the fore-top, in expec- 
 tation of meeting with the bkinderbusses which were generally 
 kept there primed and loaded, in case of an attack from the 
 natives, but was prevented from gaining his object by Captain 
 Douglas, who fired a pistol over his head, and threatened him 
 with a second discharge if he proceeded another step. But as 
 it was very evident that several of the ship's crew were disposed 
 to support him, he was ordered either to deliver himself up to 
 punishment, or instantly leave the ship ; when he chose the latter 
 without the least hesitation, and tranquality was immediately re- 
 stored. 
 
 Having completed their watering, at five in the afternoon they 
 got under way for Oneeheow (Niihau), in order to obtain a 
 supply of yams. But being prevented by adverse winds, and a 
 current running strong from the Northwest, to make Yam Bay, 
 they were forced to avoid being driven to the leeward, to bear 
 up for the other bay ; and in the afternoon of the following day, 
 they dropped anchor in 13 fathoms of water; the bearings of 
 the two points being from South by East, to North by East ; the 
 small island of Tahoora (Kaula) bore at the same time, South 
 South West half West, distant from the shore one mile and an 
 half. In the evening Captain Douglas being informed of a de- 
 sign agitated by several of the seamen to go off with the jolly- 
 boat, gave orders to the officers to keep a strict watch; never-, 
 theless, during the night, the quarter-master and two of the sail- 
 ors had got on shore in some of the canoes that were along- 
 side. They had formed a plan to get off with the boat, and at 
 the same time to set fire to the ship ; but being prevented in 
 their diabolical enterprise, they had taken an opportunity to es- 
 cape to the island. Two of them, however, by the active zeal of 
 honest Friday, a native of Oneeheow (Niihau), who has already 
 been mentioned in these pages with the esteem he so well de- 
 serves, were shortly brought back to the ship ; but the quarter- 
 master, who was the ring-leader in the mischief, could not be 
 brought off on account of the surf, and was therefore left be- 
 hind ; for such was the situation of both vessels, being in want 
 of many necessary articles, — the "North West America" having 
 also lost her anchor, that though, according to his instructions, 
 Captain Douglas was to have proceeded to the Northward, he 
 was made under the necessity of disobeying them, and proceed- 
 ing immediately to the Coast of America, where he had every 
 reason to hope he should meet with a ship from China. 
 
 The "Iphigenia" and the schooner had now been near 4 
 months among these islands ; and it is to the honour of Cap- 
 tain Douglas, that he conducted himself with that prudent at-
 
 1789 28 
 
 tention to circumstances as to have avoided any serious dispute 
 with the natives of any of them. 
 
 Having got about a month's store of yams, the 2 vessels set 
 sail; and" having lost sight of the island of Oneeheow (Niihau) 
 on the 18th, they proceeded in company to the North West, with 
 tli*e wind from the North North East. At three the next morn- 
 ing, land was seen ahead ; and at four, being almost close up with 
 it, they hove to till day-light. 
 
 This island or rock, bears the form of a saddle, high at each 
 end, and low in the middle. To the South it is covered with 
 verdure; but on the North, West and East sides, it is a barren 
 rock, perpendicularly steep, and did not appear to be access- 
 ible but to the feathered race, with which it abounds. It was 
 therefore named fjird Island. It lies in the latitude of 23° 07' 
 North, and in the longitude of 198° 10' East, by a medium of 
 several observed distances of the sun and moon. 
 
 SECOND VISIT OF THE "IPHIGENIA," CAPTAIN 
 DOUGLAS 
 
 Saturday^, July 18, 1789. The 'Tphigenia" now proceeded on 
 her way to the Sandwich Islands, without the intervention of 
 any occurrence that merits a particular relation ; when it appeared 
 on the 18th of July, by a medium of several observations, that 
 she was in the longitude of 206° 20'. And at sun-rise of the 
 20th. the extremes of Owhyhee (Hawaii) bore from the North 
 East by North, to South half East, two leagues off shore. 
 
 The second visit of Captain Douglas to these islands had 
 well nigh completed the misfortunes of his voyage ; — as a .plan 
 had been formed by the chiefs of Owhyhee (Hawaii) to cut him 
 off with his crew, and then to rob and destroy the ship : — Indeed 
 it was in a great measure owing to the manly and prudent con- 
 duct of Captain Douglas that this scheme, which was regularly 
 formed and adjusted, proved abortive. This design was to have 
 been executed on board the "Iphigcnia"; and the treacherous 
 chiefs who were to have taken the lead in the business, had al- 
 ready introduced themselves into the ship. One of them had got 
 a pi.stol, others had daggers in their hands; and. as it may be 
 supposed, all were in some way or other secretly armed, because, 
 as it afterward ajipearcd, each had his allotted part to perform 
 in the intended massacre. The king's elder brother (Kalaima- 
 mahu ) and .Xropee ( ) had engaged to kill Captain 
 
 Douglas ; Parcconow ( ) was appointed to stab Air. 
 
 .Adamson. the principal officer; Tereametee (Keliimaikai), the 
 younger brnthcr of ilic king, was to perform the same inhuman
 
 1789 29 
 
 office for the boatswain, and the other chiefs had each his mur- 
 derous work assigned to him ; which being completed a signal 
 was to have been given for the natives, who lay in their 
 canoes, to get on board, and to throw all wdio remained alive 
 into the sea. The vessel was then to have been pulled in pieces, 
 and carried up into the mountains, in order to prevent any sus- 
 picions of what had happened from alarming such strangers as 
 might visit the island at any future period. 
 
 Such was the account which Tianna (Kaiana) gave to Cap- 
 tain Douglas, with tears and lamentations, of the intended trag- 
 edy ; in which thought he could not prevent the design, he re- 
 fused to cooperate and had employed his servant to give notice 
 of it ; but the man had been so closely watched by some or other 
 of the chiefs, that he had not found an opportunity to make the 
 proposed communication. 
 
 When, however, Captain Douglas saw the chiefs armed, and 
 found that the Queen had been secretly conveyed away from 
 the ship, he began to suspect mischief, and acted accordingly. 
 He took care in the first place, not to betray any signs of ap- 
 prehension of alarm ; and very properly conceiving that if he 
 should call his people up to prevent the apparent danger, it 
 might drive the insidious people to some act of despair that 
 might produce very fatal consequences to the ship, he deter- 
 mined to try a more tranquil method, and under various pre- 
 tenses, got a pistol from one of the chiefs and a dagger from 
 another, and being armed himself, he waited with impatience for 
 the arrival of Tianna (Kaiana), who was on shore, to deter- 
 mine in what manner he should finally proceed. In a very short 
 time that chief came on board, and Captain Douglas taking him 
 alone into his cabin, and bolting the door, he insisted upon being 
 informed concerning the intentions of the King and his people, 
 when Tianna (Kaiana) threw himself upon the floor, in an agony 
 of distress, and unfolded what has been already related, laid the 
 whole blame on the King and recommended that he should be 
 instantly put to death. Captain Douglas immediately jumped on 
 deck, with a loaded pistol in each hand, which had such an effect 
 on the chiefs, who were assembled there, that they quitted the 
 ship in an instant and drove their canoes swiftly to the shore. 
 
 Such an hostile and treacherous conduct in the king and his 
 attendants, as we have just related, might be supposed to have 
 broken off all intercourse between the ship and the natives ; but 
 as it was absolutely necessary to procure provisions for the fu- 
 ture part of the voyage, an humiliating apology was received 
 from Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha), for what had passed, 
 who laid all the blame on his chiefs ; and a communication was
 
 1789 30 
 
 renewed with the natives, which prochiced great plenty of hogs 
 and fruit, as well as grass-rope, the latter article being provided 
 on account of the miserable state of the cordage, etc., on board 
 the ship. 
 
 (Monday, July 27, 1789.) On the 27th, Captain Douglas, 
 after having left' letters for myself (Meares) and Captain Fun- 
 ter, in case either of us should touch at Owhyhee (Hawaii), 
 quitted the island. Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha), to the last, 
 intreated forgiveness, and expressed the deepest concern for the 
 alarm which he and his chiefs had occasioned; and Tianna (Kai- 
 ana) with all the sensibility of an honest and ingenious mind, 
 continued to lament it. Indeed, such was their conduct and be- 
 haviour when the moment approached for the "Iphigenia" to de- 
 part, that there can be no doubt but that British ships will here- 
 after find in this island, all the comfort, protection, and friend- 
 ship, which Tome-homy-haw (Kamehameha) and Tianna (Kai- 
 ana) may have in their power to procure them. 
 
 (Tuesday, July 28, 1789.) On the following day they came to 
 an anchor ni Witetee (Waikiki) Bay, in the island of Woahoo 
 (Oahu) ; but every article of trade being now expended, the ar- 
 mourers were ordered to cut up the rudder chains, in order to 
 purchase the provisions with which several c'anoes had come 
 laden from the shore. 
 
 Monday, August 10, 1789. After touching at the other is- 
 lands for water, yams, etc., on the 10th of August they quitted 
 the Sandwich Islands, and made sail to the Westward.
 
 Ofte cftbc Sa?i<^^\/cfi 7/7,rjit:/s.
 
 Appendix 
 
 TRADE IN THE NORTH PACIFIC. 
 
 In January, 1788, Captain Meares and several British mer- 
 chants of India purchased the "Felice" and "Iphigenia," the 
 former of 230 tons and the latter of 200 tons, for a trading 
 voyage to the North West Coast of America, intending to winter 
 in Hawaii. 
 
 The crews of these ships consisted of Europeans and China- 
 men (mostly the latter). Captain Douglas commanded the "Iphi- 
 genia" and Captain Meares commanded the "Felice." There were 
 a crew of 40 men on the "Iphigenia" and 50 on the "Felice." 
 Besides trading, an object of the voyage was 'to take back those 
 people who had been brought from America and the Sandwich 
 Islands." 
 
 Captain Meares says : "A certain number of cattle and other 
 useful animals were purchased, for the purpose of being put on 
 shore at those places where they might add to the comfort of 
 the inhabitants or promise to supply the future navigators of our 
 own, or any other country, with the necessary refreshments. 
 
 "In fulfilling his pleasing duty to these children of nature, 
 whom a curious spirit and unsuspecting character had led to 
 such a distance from their native country, a very marked atten- 
 tion was paid to Tianna (Kaiana), a prince of the island of 
 Atooi (Kauai), a chief of illustrious birth and rank, who in the 
 year 1787 was carried by me to China and who now afforded us 
 the pleasure of restoring him to his country and kindred, with a 
 mind enlarged by the new scenes and pictures of life which he 
 had beheld and in possession of various articles of useful appli- 
 cation, or comparative magnificence, which would render him the 
 richest inhabitant of his native islands." 
 
 " It would not be doing justice to this amiable Indian if he 
 
 were not represented as possessing many of those sentiments 
 which do honour to the most cultivated understanding. — Mr. 
 Cox, a commercial gentleman of China, manifested the greatest 
 interest in the honour and happiness of Tianna's (Kaiana's) 
 future life by the generous consignment of a considerable quan- 
 tity of live cattle and other animals to the island of Atooi (Kauai) 
 — and also appropriating a sum of money to be expended as his 
 own untutored choice or wayward preference should direct."
 
 32 
 
 His European friends, however, "directed the expenditure of 
 the allotted sum, to jjrocure him those valuable comforts and 
 advantages which might last during his life, and tend to im])ro\e 
 his nation." 
 
 "When he was assured of the return to Atooi, the idea that he 
 should again embrace the wife whom he loved, and the children 
 whom he doted, with all the added consequence which would 
 accompany him, from the knowledge he had acquired, the wealth 
 he possessed, and the benefits he should communicate to the 
 place of his natividity produced those transports which sensible 
 minds may conceive, but which language is unable to describe." 
 
 "When he first beheld the chips at Wampoa (near Canton, 
 China), his astonishment baffles description and he emphatically 
 called them the islands of Brittannee (Britain), but when he had 
 surveyed their internal arrangement, with all the various appara- 
 tus they contained, the immediate impressions they occasioned 
 on his mind were those of dejection; he hung his head in silence, 
 and shed an involuntary tear, as it appeared, over what he con- 
 ceived to be his own inferior nature. — But the same spirit which 
 urged him to quit his native country, in order to return with 
 knowledge that might instruct, and the arts that might improve 
 it, soon aroused him into an active and rational curiosity. 
 
 Indeed he very shortly manifested no common degree of intel- 
 lectual exertion, by discriminating, as occasion offered, between 
 the people of the several European nations, whom he daily saw, 
 and those of England, whom he always called the men of 
 Britannee (Britain). 
 
 The natives of China he considered with a degree of disgust 
 which bordered on extreme aversion; — their l)al(l heads, dis- 
 tended nostrils, and unmeaning features, had raised in his mind 
 the strongest sensations of contempt ; — Indeed it might be 
 owing to the addition which the natural dignity of his person 
 may be suiJ])osed to receive from such a prevailing sentiment, 
 whenever he found himself amongst them, that the Chinese ap- 
 peared to regard him with awe, and that, whenever he turned, the 
 timid crowd never failed to open him a ready passage. 
 
 Tianna (Kaiana) was about thirty-two years of age; he was 
 near six feet five inches in stature, and the muscular form of his 
 limbs was of an Herculean ajjpearance. His carriage was rei)lete 
 with dignity, anrl having lived in the habits of receiving respect 
 flue to superior rank in his own country, he possessed an air of 
 rlistinction, which we will not suppose could sufifer any diminution 
 from his observation of Eurojiean manners. He wore the dress 
 of Eurf)i)e with ihe habitual ease of its inhabitants, and had not
 
 33 
 
 only learned the use and arrangement of its various articles, but 
 applied his knowledge to the uniform and most minute practice 
 of personal cleanliness and decorum. The natural habits of his 
 mind, however, ocasionally recurred, and the childish fancy of his 
 native state would sometimes intrude upon and interrupt the prog- 
 ress of his improvement. He could not be taught to understand 
 the value of our current coin, and when he wanted anything that 
 was to be purchased by it, he would innocently ask for iron; 
 which being the most valuable metal in his eyes, was naturally 
 considered by him as the medium of barter among the nations. 
 
 To return Tianna (Kaiana) to his native island, operated very 
 powerfully in forming the arrangements of the voyage before 
 us ; — his original design and inclniation was to proceed to Eng- 
 land; and Captain Churchill, of the "Walpole," East Indiaman, 
 offered, in the kindest manner, to take him under his protection, 
 now could he have found a better protector; but to consign him 
 to another's care and to send him to a country from whence there 
 might be no future opportunity of returning to his own was a 
 business that his friends could not reconcile to their feelings. 
 The permitting him to leave Atooi (Kauai) was considered an 
 unreflecting act; and it was now determined that Tianna (Kai- 
 ana) should return thither, if not, in reality, happier than before, 
 at least possessed of treasures beyond any possible expectation of 
 his unexperienced mind. But of all the various articles which 
 formed his present wealth, his fancy was most delighted with a 
 portrait of himself, painted by Spoilum. the celebrated artist of 
 China, and perhaps the only one in his line, throughout that ex- 
 tensive empire. The painter had indeed, most faithfully rep- 
 resented the lineaments of his countenance but found the graceful 
 figure of the chief beyond the power of his genius. The surprise 
 that Tianna (Kaiana) expressed, as the work proceeded, was 
 various and extreme, and seemed to follow with continual change 
 every added stroke of the pencil. When this painting was pre- 
 sented to him, he received it with a degree of solemnity that 
 struck all who beheld it; and then, in a state of agitation in 
 which he had never been seen by us, he mentioned the catastrophy 
 which deprived the world of Captain Cook. He now. for the 
 first time, informed us that a fierce war had been waged through- 
 out the islands, on account of a painting, which he called a por- 
 trait of that great man. and which had been left with one of the 
 most potent chiefs. This picture, he added, was held sacred 
 amongst them, and the respect they paid to it was considered by 
 them as the only retribution they could make for their unfortu- 
 nate destruction of its original.
 
 34 
 
 It may not, be though improper, if a short digression is made 
 in this place, in order to state, that during our former stay 
 among these islanders, we had every opportunity of estimating 
 their feelings with respect to the lamented fate of Captain Cook, 
 and we have every reason to believe that these distant inhabitants 
 of the water waste, accompanied with fierce sorrow the regret of 
 Europe. — The numbers of them which surrounded the ship, 
 with a view to obtain permission to go to Brittannee (Britain), 
 to the friends of their beloved Cook, are incredible. They wept 
 and solicited with an ardour that conquered every previous 
 aversion. 
 
 Presents were poured upon vis from the chiefs, who were pre- 
 vented by the multitude from approaching the vessel, and the 
 clamorous cry of 'Britannee, Britannee', (Britain. Britain), was 
 for a long time vociferated from every part, and without ceasing; 
 nor can their silent grief be described, when it was made know 
 among them, that Tianna (Kaiana), a prince of Atooi (Kauai), 
 was the only one selected to the envied honour of sailing with us. 
 Previous to our departure, Taheo (Kaeo), the king of that 
 island, paid us a visit, accompanied by all his chiefs. As they 
 believed that the commanders of every European ship who had 
 touched at their islands since the death of (Zaptain Cook, were 
 the sons of that illustrious navigator, they, in the most affecting 
 manner, deplored that event ; and while each of them was solici- 
 tous to assert his innocence, they united in representing the pas- 
 sions that had urged them to commit the fatal deed — which 
 would be a subject of their eternal contrition — as a punishment 
 inflicted upon them by their gods. After these, and many similar 
 declarations, they renewed their offers of friendship to Britannee 
 (Britain), and departed; nor have we the least doubt but that 
 future navigators, who mav chance to stop at these islands, will 
 find there a secure and welcome asylum. 
 
 The other natives of the Sandwich Islands and America, who 
 were received on board, had been brought to China, by dift'erent 
 ships, rather as objects of curiosity than for the better motive of 
 instruction to them, or advantage to commerce ; — they consisted 
 of a woman of the island of Owhyhee (Hawaii), named Winee 
 
 ( ). who was in a bad and declining state of health ; 
 
 a stout man and boy from the island of Mowee (Maui), and a 
 
 native of King George's Sound. 
 
 On board of each ship were em1)arked six cows and three bulls. 
 
 four bull and cow calves, a number of goats, turkeys, and rabbits, 
 
 with several pair of pigeons, and other stock in great abundance. 
 
 Unfortunately it was not in our power, at this time, to procure
 
 35 
 
 sheep ; but several lime and orange trees were purchased and 
 destined for Atooi (Kauai), as Taheo (Kaeo) the sovereign of 
 that island, possessed all the power necessary to protect such 
 valuable property. Had we been so fortunate as to have landed 
 all the cargo prepared for the Sandwich Islands, they would 
 have become the most eligable places for refreshment in the 
 whole extent of the Northern Pacific Ocean. If, however, the 
 American commerce should be pursued, very confortable advan- 
 tages will be found to result even from that part of our design 
 which was completed." 
 
 On the evening of January 22, 1788. the ships set sail from 
 China sailing South East along the Western shores of the Philip- 
 pines as far as New Guinea and then proceeding North along 
 Japan to Alaska and the North West Coast of America. The 
 "Iphigenia" finally arriving off Maui about December 6, 1788. 
 The "Felice" arrived off Hawaii about October 16th, 1788, a 
 month and a half ahead of the "Iphigenia." Both ships expe- 
 rienced very heavy weather and met with misfortunes. Scurvey 
 made its appearance before the "Iphigenia" arrived at Alaska, 
 and before the "Felice" arrived at the North West Coast of 
 America. Many of the live stock were killed by accident or for 
 food. 
 
 Our friends from Owhyhee (Hawaii) had suft'ered severely 
 during the passage across the China Seas. Tianna (Kaiana), in 
 his constant attendance upon Winee, had caught a fever 
 which with the humane anxiety he felt on her account, con- 
 fined him for some time to his bed. — But the poor unfortu- 
 nate women justified our fears concerning her, that she would 
 never again see her friends or her native land. She every 
 day declined in strength, and nothing remained for us, but to 
 ease the pains of her coming dissolution, which no human power 
 could prevent. Nor did we fail, I believe, in any attention that 
 humanity could suggest, or that it was in our power to bestow. 
 She had been for some a living spectre, and on the morning of 
 the fifth of February she expired. At noon her body was com- 
 mitted to the deep ; nor was it though an unbecoming act to 
 grace her remains with the formalities of that religion which 
 opens wide its arms to the whole human race, of every color, 
 and under every clime, to the savage as well as to saint and the 
 sage. Tianna (Kaiana) was so much affected by the circum- 
 stance of her death, that we were for some time under very pain- 
 ful apprehensions lest his health might suffer from the feelings 
 of his humanity on this occasion ; as he possessed in a very great 
 degree, that delicacy of constitution which discriminates the chiefs
 
 36 
 
 from the vulgar people, and is perculiar to the great men of his 
 country. 
 
 Thus died Winee, a native of Ovvhyhee (Hawaii), one of 
 the Sandwich Islands, who possessed virtues that are sel- 
 dom to be found in the class of her countrywomen to which she 
 belonged, and a portion of understanding that was not be ex- 
 pected in a rude and uncultivated mind. It may not, perhaps, 
 be uninteresting to mention the cause of this poor girl's departure 
 from her friends and country, which it was her fate never to 
 behold again. 
 
 Captain Barclay, who commanded the Imperial Eagle, was one 
 of those adventurers to the coast of America who made a very 
 successful voyage. Mrs. Barclay accompanied her husband, and 
 shared with him in the toils, the hardships, and vicissitudes inci- 
 dent to such long, as well as perilous voyages ; but by no means 
 calculated for the frame, the temper, or the education of the 
 softer sex. This lady was so pleased with the amiable manners 
 of poor \\'inee. that she felt a desire to take her to Eu- 
 rope ; and for that purpose took her, with the consent of her 
 friends, under her own particular care and protection. On Mrs. 
 Barclay's departure from China for Europe. Winee was left, as 
 we have already mentioned, in a deep decline, to embarke for 
 her country, with the rest of the natives from the Sandwich 
 Islands. 
 
 On the morning of her death, she presented Tianna (Kaiana). 
 as a token of her gratitude for his kind attentions to her. with a 
 plate looking-glass, and a basin and bottle of the finest China ; 
 to these gifts she also added a gown, an hoop, a petticoat, and a 
 cap for his wife ; the rest of her property consisting of a great 
 variety of articles, she bequeathed to her family ; and they were 
 deposited with Tianna (Kaiana). to be delivered to her father 
 and mother. 
 
 Nor let fastidious pride cast a smile of contempt on the trifles 
 that composed her little treasure. They were wealth to her. and 
 would have given her a very flattering importance, had she lived 
 to have taken them to her native island. 
 
 But when we consider the sufferings of her mind, on the re- 
 flection that she should never behold her country again ; — when 
 we see, as it were, the disappointment of an inoffensive pride 
 preying on her spirits ; — When to these causes of dejection and 
 added the pains of incurable disease, increased by the tossing of 
 the billows, and the violence of tempestuous seas, — humanity 
 must feel for those miseries which liaunt every corner of the
 
 Z7 
 
 earth, — and yield a compassionate tear to the unfortunate Winee 
 
 ( )•. 
 
 Tianna (Kaiana), and Comekala, the man from King George's 
 
 Sound, were since the death of Winee ( ), the only 
 
 persons of their respective countries on board the "Felice"; the 
 rest of them were on board the "Iphigenia," to which we now 
 consigned the amiable chief of Atooi (Kauai), as her course com- 
 prehended his native islands; (this was at the Phillippines on 
 Feb. 10, 1788) Comekala remained with us as the destination of 
 our voyage was to his own country. 
 
 Tianna (Kaiana) had been so sensibly affected by the death 
 
 of Winee ( ), as to produce a considerable alteration 
 
 in the state of his health ; — his fever continued, and baffled all 
 our attentions to relieve him. The same fate that had separated 
 for ever his unfortunate countrywoman from her friends and 
 native land, pressed home upon his reflection. — He may be sup- 
 posed to have felt, and sometime, perhaps, expected that he might 
 hear no more the tender names of father or of husband ;— that 
 
 he might share with Winee (..... ) a premature grave in 
 
 the bosom of the ocean. — He was therefore consigned to the 
 care of Captain Douglas, with the hopes that the remaining on 
 shore till his departure, with the novelty of the scenes around 
 him, might abate his disorder, and recrute his spirits with a suf- 
 ficient degree of strength to bear out the remainder of the 
 voyage. 
 
 Mention is made here of the ships "Experiment" and "Captain 
 Cook," which made a trading voyage to the Northwest Coast of 
 America in the year 1786, but does not state whether they visited 
 Hawaii. 
 
 March 3, 1788, the "Felice" entered a storm which destroyed 
 plants and animals which were to have been landed at Hawaii. 
 There however yet remained alive one bull and a cow, and one 
 cow calf ; but the goats were all killed in one day by a sudden 
 roll of the ship. "Of the plants^, we still possessed a lime and an 
 orange-tree in full vigour, with six cinnamon, and several smaller 
 plants of various kinds." 
 
 Mention of other voyages to the North West Coast of America 
 are reprinted herein, as many of the vessels touched at Hawaii. 
 
 "On our arrival with the "Felice" in China, in the autumn of 
 1788, the agent of the merchants in England, and the agent of 
 the merchants in India, formed a union of interests, and asso- 
 ciated themselves under a joint stock company, to carry on the 
 furt trade of America. They accordingly equipped a ship called 
 the 'Argonaut,' under the direction of Mr. Colnett, a lieutenant in
 
 38 
 
 His Majesty's navy, and who had commanded in the years 1787 
 and 1788, the ship "Prince of Wales" of London, belonging to 
 the merchants trading to America. This ship had performed 
 her voyage to the coast, and returned to China with a valuable 
 
 cargo of furs in 1788. Mr. Colnett quitted the "Prince of 
 
 Wales" in China, to command the "Argonaut" and take charge 
 of the associated merchants property on the coast of America, — 
 he accordingly prepared the "Argonaut" for sea. and the "Prin- 
 cess Royal" of London, a vessel belonging to the same commer- 
 cial society. 
 
 The "Princess Royal" therefore sailed in February, 1789, and 
 did not reach the coast of America in less than sixteen weeks, — 
 whereas the "Argonaut," a prime sailer, left China the 26th of 
 April. 1789, and arrived in King George's Sound the 3rd of July 
 (1789). 
 
 The "Imperial Eagle" was a ship employed to collect furs on 
 the Coast of America, in the year 1787. 
 
 The ships "Captain Cook" and "Experiment" had been equip- 
 ped under the direction of Mr. Scot — from Bombay to America 
 for the purpose of collecting furs — They arrived on the coast 
 in the year 1786, and left Mr. Maccay, the surgeon's mate on 
 board one of them, with his own entire consent and approbation, 
 under the protection of Maquilla. Mr. Strange, who had the 
 superintendence of these ships entertained an opinion that very 
 great commercial effects might proceed from leaving Mr. Maccay 
 with the natives of King George's Sound, to learn their language, 
 customs and manners. He was therefore, accordingly left in 
 the year 1786. and continued with them until 1787, when he em- 
 barked for China on board the "Lnperial Eagle." Mr. Maccay 
 left a journal of his experiences. 
 
 In August. 1786, they met the "Princess Royal" near Port Cox, 
 (King George's Sound) under command of Captain Duncan. 
 The "Princess Royal" was of fifty tons burden manned by 15 
 men, she had come around Cape Horn and navigated the North 
 and South Pacific oceans. She had been twenty months from 
 England and reported meeting the "Queen Charlotte," Cajjtain 
 Dixon, bound for China. The "Felice" and "Princess Royal" 
 separajted on Aug. 9, 1788, the latter "proceeding to the Sand- 
 wich Islands, to take in refreshments, in order to return to China 
 with her valuable cargo of furs." The "Felice" going South 
 along the American Coast. 
 
 On Aug. 27, 1788. in Friendly Cove the "Iphigenia" met the 
 "Felice" Tianna (Kaiana) was overjoyed to see his old friends. 
 "Nor were we insensible to the pleasure of seeing him restored to
 
 39 
 
 us, so entirely recovered from a disorder which had filled us with 
 apprehension that we should never see him again. Indeed, from 
 the general change in his looks, and still wearmg his fur cap and 
 other warm clothing, with which he had clad himself, during the 
 cold season, while the "Iphigenia" was in Prince William's Sound 
 and Cook's River, — we did not immediately recognize the chief ; 
 but the violence of his joy soon discovered him to us; and though 
 it might be more expressive it was not more sincere than our 
 own. Indeed, such had ever been the conciliating power of his 
 manners, that there was not a seaman in either ship, that did not 
 love Tianna (Kaiana) as himself. 
 
 We had supposed that his satisfaction on seeing us once again 
 was complete ; but we found it still capable of increase ; for when 
 he was informed that we proposed, in a very short time, to pro- 
 ceed to the Sandwich Islands, his expressions of delight knew 
 no bounds ; — they were wild, fantastic and excessive ; and it was 
 sometime before they sunk into that state of moderation which 
 qualified him to receive any fresh impressions of pleasure. The 
 new vessel ("The North VVest America") was reserved for that 
 purpose; and when it was pointed out and he was made ac- 
 quainted with its object, he regarded it with such a firm and 
 fixed attention, as if his eyes would have darted from their 
 sockets to the vessel; and till she was launched, he continued 
 the constant companion of the carpenters examining their opera- 
 tions and observing their progress. We encouraged this disposi- 
 tion ; and it is scarcely to be credited how much of a carpenter's 
 profession he learned during the short time we remained at King 
 George's Sound." Some of the natives returned from a war trip 
 carrying baskets containing 30 heads. 
 
 The Sandwich Island chief did not, as we first expected, dis- 
 cover any surprise at the sight of Maquilla and his army; but 
 the frequent communication of the "Iphigenia" with the natives 
 along the coast, from Cook's River to King George's Sound, had 
 rendered them and their manners no longer an object of novelty, 
 as they had never been an object of consideration in the eyes of 
 Tianna (Kaiana). Indeed, when he, with his colossal figure, 
 stood by Maquilla, who was rather of a low stature, the dif- 
 ference was such, as not only to strike every beholder, but even 
 to aflfect themselves with the different sentastions of an exulting 
 or a wounded pride, which would prevent any very cordial afifec- 
 tion from taking place between them. Tianna and Comekela 
 were old acquaintances, but by ho means intimate friends, as the 
 former held the latter in a very low degree of estimation ; and. 
 accordingly, we did not observe any very cordial appearance of
 
 40 
 
 joy at their present meeting. As Comekela had been at the Sand- 
 wich Islands, on his first leaving America, the ship having stopped 
 there for refreshments, he was qualified to give Maquilla an ac- 
 count not only of Tianna (Kaiana), but the country from whence 
 he came, and he did it probably to the disadvantage of both. At 
 all events, Tianna (Kaiana) held the customs of Nootka in de- 
 testation ; and could not bear the idea of their cannible appetites, 
 without expressing the most violent sensations of disgust and 
 abhorrance. Indeed there was no comparison to be made be- 
 tween the inhabitants and customs of the Sandwich Islands and 
 those among whom we now resided, or of any part of the con- 
 tinent of America, — The former are their superiors in every- 
 thing that regards what we should call the comforts of life, and 
 their approach to civilization. They attend to a circumstance 
 which particularly distinguishes polished from savage life, and 
 that is cleanliness; — They are not only clean to an extreme in 
 their food, but also in their persons and houses the same happy 
 disposition prevails ; — while the North Western Americans are 
 nasty to a degree that rivals the most filthy brutes, and of course, 
 prohibits any description from us. Besides, their being canni- 
 bles, if no other circumstance of inferiority could be produced, 
 throws them to a vast distance from the rank which is held in the 
 scale of human being by the countrymen of Tianna (Kaiana) ; 
 nor should we pass over in this place the frequent and solemn 
 declarations of this chief, that the natives of the Sandwich 
 Islands possess the most abhorrent sentiments of cannible nature; 
 and though they may immolate human beings on their altars of 
 their diety, they have not the least idea of making such a sacri- 
 fice to their own appetites. Indeed, we trust, it will not prove a 
 vain hope, that these amiable people may soon be taught to aban- 
 don even their religious inhumanity and that near half a million 
 human beings, inhabiting the Sandwich Islands, may one day be 
 ranked among the civilized subjects of the British empire. 
 
 Sept. 17, 1788, the sloop "Washington" from Boston, arrived 
 at King George's Sound. She was of about 100 tons burden. 
 
 "Mr. Grey, the master, informed us, that he had sailed in com- 
 pany with his consort, the "Columbia," a ship of 300 tons, in the 
 month of August, 1787, being equipped under the patronage of 
 Congress, to examine the coast of America, and to open a fur- 
 trade between New England and this part of the American Con- 
 tinent, in order to provide funds for their China Ships, to enable 
 them to return home teas and China goods. These vessels were 
 separated in a heavy gale of wind, in the latitude of 59° South, 
 and liad not seen each other since; — but as King George's Sound
 
 41 
 
 was the rendezvous appointed by them, the "Columbia," if she 
 was safe, was every day expected to join her consort. 
 
 On September 20, 1788, the "North West America," the first 
 ship to be build in this part of the world, the work being done 
 by Chinese carpenters, was launched. "Tianna (Kaiana) who 
 was on board the vessel at the time of her being launched, not 
 only saw but may be said to have felt the operation, as if it had 
 been the work of enchantment ; and could only express his aston- 
 ishment by capering about, clapping his hands, and exclaiming 
 "Myty, Myty (Maikai, maikai) a word the most expressive in 
 the language of the Sandwich Islands to convey wonder, appro- 
 bation, and delight. . " 
 
 On September 24, 1788, "the 'Felice' being ready for sea, the 
 orders marked No. V in the appendix were given to Captain 
 Douglas, to direct his future proceedings; — The 'North West 
 America' was added to his command, and Tianna (Kaiana) once 
 more embarked on board the "Iphigenia," as she was destined 
 to carry him to the Sandwich Islands. 
 
 This arrangement was preferred after some deliberation ; for 
 I myself felt a strong inclination to restore the amiable chief to 
 his country ; but as I could not remain more than a few days at 
 the Sandwich Islands and as the "Iphigenia" was destined to 
 winter there, it was thought a more expedient measure to send 
 him home in her ; as it would, in a particular manner attach him 
 to her people, and, of course, promote their comfort and security 
 during the time, which would probably occupy several months, 
 of their stay there. These reasons were sufficient for us, on ac- 
 count of the general interest of the expedition, to return Tianna 
 (Kaiana) to the "Iphigenia;" but there were also other reasons 
 for pursuing this measure, for his own sake. 
 
 We had been informed by one of the vessels which returned to 
 China from the Sandwich Islands, subsequent to us, that Tianna's 
 (Kaiana's) brother, Taheo (Kaeo), sovereign of Atooi (Kauai), 
 was become so fearful of the power he might acquire from us, 
 as to meditate his destruction ; and that, in all probability, some 
 secret attempt would be made on his arrival to cut him ofif. It, 
 was necessary therefore, for the preservation of Tianna (Kai- 
 ana), that he should be taken back in that vessel, which, by her 
 long stay there, might ensure his safety, till the jealous fit of 
 his tyrant brother was passed away, and a perfect reconciliation 
 had taken place between them. 
 
 "In the evening the officers, etc., of the "Iphigenia" and the 
 "North West America" came on board the "Felice" to bid us 
 farewell. Tianna (Kaiana) was not the last to show us that
 
 42 
 
 mark of his regard; — and indeed to do justice to his amiably 
 disposition and friendly nature, whenever kindness could be 
 shown, or generosity expressed, he was among the first. Nor 
 could he say adieu to "Noota," the name universally given me 
 both in America and the Sandwich Islands, without a frame 
 almost convulsed with agitation, and tears gushing down his 
 cheeks. — Nor could I, though proceeding to complete my voy- 
 age with the fairest hopes of success, take my leave of that worthy 
 man. and the companions of our toilsome enterprise, without emo- 
 tions that required all my resolution to suppress. 
 
 We now hove anchor and the crews of the "Iphigenia" and 
 "North West America" gave us three cheers at our departure. 
 
 In July, 1788, there had been a mutiny on the "Felice" and 
 the boatswain and 7 others had been put ashore, being given their 
 choice of landing or of being put in irons for the rest of the 
 voyage. The boatswain joined the "Washington" the day after 
 the "Felice" left the Sound, where he did duty before the mast. 
 
 "Previous, however, to every other expedition, a vessel was 
 equipped in China in the year 1785, by a gentle man of first 
 mercantile abilities and reputation ; the command of her was en- 
 trusted to Captain James Hanna. who set sail in her to seek the 
 distant continent of America, to explore its coasts, and to open 
 such an intercourse with its inhabitants as might tend to a future 
 commercial establishment with them. The size of the vessel. 
 which was under 70 tons, her equipment, which scarcely amounted 
 to 30 persons, and every circumstance belonging to her. served 
 to impress the minds of all concerned in the business with an 
 high idea of the spirit of the man who had undertaken to con- 
 duct his little band of Argonauts in an almost untried course, and 
 where dangers were not to be avoided, or prepared for by the 
 communicated experience of ])receding adventurers. 
 
 Captain Manna, on leaving China, proceeded past Jajian to 
 King George's Sound and then down the North West Coast. 
 He left a journal which was "Very curious" 
 
 His 2nd voyage to the North West Coast was made in the 
 year 1786 and was purely of a commercial nature. He was pre- 
 paring for a 3rd voyage when he died. 
 
 It was in 1786 that different bands of trading adventurers 
 started up. as it were, both in India and England, to prosecute 
 this commerce. hVom India, the equipments took place at Bengal 
 and Bombay, under the patronage of the respective governments
 
 43 
 
 of those places. From the former sailed the "Nootka" and the 
 "Sea Otter," from the latter, the "Captain Cook" and the "Ex- 
 periment." At the same period another equipment took place, 
 for the same purpose, in China, and the "Sea Otter" sailed from 
 thence, and was joined by the "Lark," which was fitted out with 
 that intention for the coast of America. 
 
 About the same time certain merchants in England, and in 
 particular, Messrs. Etches of London, engaged in a similar ad- 
 venture. Having obtained license from the South Sea Company 
 to carry on this trade exclusively, with regard to England, for the 
 term of 5 years and having been favored with a permission from 
 the East India Company to lade teas home from China, these 
 gentlemen equipped the ships "King George" and "Queen Char- 
 lotte" in a very superior manner, and gave the command of them 
 to Lieutenant Portlock of the royal navy and who had already 
 been frequently employed by them as a master of a trading vessel 
 in their service. These ships left England in the month of Sep- 
 tember, 1785, near 7 months before any of the equipments set 
 sail from the different parts of India. 
 
 The "Captain Cook" and the "Experiment," commanded by the 
 Captains Lowrie and Guise, and under the superintendance of 
 Mr. Strange, one of the Company's servants sailed at the close 
 of the year 1785 or early in the year 1786. They were equipped 
 in the best possible manner by the public spirit of David Scott, 
 Esq., of Bombay who was the principal owner of them, etc 
 They proceeded to Nootka and explored the North West Coast. 
 The "King George" and "Queen Charlotte" were appointed with 
 numerous crews and officers of every denomination etc. They 
 spent quite a time on the North West Coast of America and 
 then proceeded to China eventually returning to Europe. 
 
 The "Imperial Eagle," Captain Barclay, we believe sailed from 
 Europe the beginning of the year 1787 and arrived at Nootka 
 Sound in August, etc 
 
 In the year 1788 there were on the North West Coast the ships 
 "Prince of Wales," "Princess Royal." "Felice," "Iphigenia," 
 "Columbia" and "Washington." 
 
 "The following is a list of the ships of different nations m the 
 River of Canton, in the year 1789; which will give a precise idea 
 of the present superiority of the British trade, over that of all 
 other European nations ;
 
 44 
 
 List of Ships Belonging to the English East India Com- 
 pany, AT Wampoa. 
 
 Ganges 
 Middlesex 
 Earl Alansfield 
 King George 
 Lascelles 
 \'alentine 
 Nottingham 
 Lord Macartney 
 Rockingham 
 Earl ^^'ycombe 
 
 W'alpole 
 
 Europa 
 
 Thetis 
 
 Ocean 
 
 George Elliot 
 
 War ley 
 
 Fort William 
 
 Duke of Buccleugh 
 
 Britannia 
 
 Pitt 
 
 English Country Ships Trading in China, 1789 
 
 Soliman Shaw 
 
 Gangavar 
 
 New Triumph 
 
 Milford 
 
 Shaw Ardeseer 
 
 Victoria Snow 
 
 Boddam 
 
 Royal Charlotte 
 
 Sullimaney Grab 
 
 Cartier 
 
 Gansava 
 
 General Meadows 
 
 Hornby 
 
 Carnatic 
 
 Shaw Biram 
 
 Darius 
 
 Surat Castle 
 
 Thamtum Taz But 
 
 Enterprize 
 
 Nancy 
 
 Clive 
 
 Bombay 
 
 Prince of Wales 
 
 Hindostan 
 
 Sultan 
 
 Fier Resoal Mucky 
 
 Eiez Allum 
 
 Cornwallis 
 
 Nonsuch 
 
 Surprise 
 
 Cheerful 
 
 Yarmouth 
 
 Britannia Snow 
 
 Henry 
 
 Resolution 
 
 Warren Hastings 
 
 Hibernia 
 
 Indus 
 
 Argonaut 
 
 Princess Royal 
 
 Foreign Ships Trading in China in 1789 
 
 Dutch 
 
 Meervk 
 
 Delft' 
 
 Christeffcl Columbus 
 
 Schagen 
 Maria Cornelia
 
 45 
 
 
 French 
 
 Dauphin 
 
 
 
 Danish 
 
 King of Denmark 
 
 
 
 American 
 
 Antony, Brig 
 
 Sampson 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Astrea 
 
 Union 
 
 William and Henry, Brig 
 
 Three Sisters, Brig 
 
 Federalist 
 
 Atlantic 
 
 Light Horse 
 
 America 
 
 Tay 
 
 Washington 
 
 Morse 
 
 Columbia 
 
 
 
 Portuguese 
 
 Bom Jesus Alem 
 
 Marquis de Anjuga 
 
 Campeles 
 
 
 The English shipping at Canton in the year 1789 gave employ- 
 ment to nearly two thousand men and officers. 
 
 'T shall only add, as it seems to be a link in that chain of 
 commerce which it is the office of these pages, however imper- 
 fectly, to enforce, that Providence, by permitting Great Britain 
 to make a discovery of the Sandwich Islands seems to have in- 
 tended that they should become a part of herself. The situation, 
 climate, and produce of these islands, may be made to answer 
 very important commercial purposes, besides, the inhabitants are 
 brave and generous race of people, susceptible to the highest 
 mental cultivation, and worthy of sharing, as they are already 
 ambitious to share, the fate enjoyed by British subjects. The 
 well directed industry, and assured fidelity of half a million 
 people, would surely add to the grandeur and prosperity of the 
 British Empire. 
 
 The following is from the Instructions of the Merchants Pro- 
 prietors. To John Meares, Esq., commanding the "Felice" and 
 "Iphigenia." 
 
 "You will endeavor to propagate at Nootka, and at the Sand- 
 wish Islands, the breed of your poultry of every kind ; also of 
 hogs, goats, and sheep. On your arrival you will find Comekela, 
 who is a native of the Sound, giving him such presents as you 
 may think proper. 
 
 On your return to the Sandwich Islands, you will land Tianna 
 (Kaiana) at Atooi (Kauai), or any of the islands he may de- 
 sire. You will also give him such presents as you think useful
 
 46 
 
 or acceptable, and if possible, you will reserve some of your 
 sheep and goats as a present to this chief, as by leaving them in 
 his possession, there is a better chance of their being taken care 
 of, and increasing, and thus rendering these islands the best place 
 of refreshment in the world. We particularly direct, that you 
 do not bring away any of the inhabitants of America, or the 
 Sandwich Islands, as there is no certainty that there will be any 
 opportunity of returning them to their own country. 
 
 Orders to Captain Douglas. Extract of a Letter from I\Ir 
 Meares to Capt. W. Douglas, commanding the "Iphigenia." 
 
 "and it is my particular desire, that not even a curiosity be 
 purchased on the coast of America, and as few as possible at the 
 Sandwich Islands, such an intercourse only tending to gratify an 
 idle and vain whim, at the expense of the infant commerce now 
 about to be established. 
 
 When you return to China, as you will touch at the Sandwich 
 Islands. I recommend to you to fill all your casks with salt pork, 
 which will sell well in China, or serve for sea store for the 
 next equipment of vessels in your employer's service for the coast 
 of America. 
 
 From experience we know that most excellent rope may be 
 made at the Sandwich Islands. You will prohibit all fishing 
 lines being purchased by individuals and let them be bought on 
 account of the ship, made into cordage, and the overplus care- 
 fully put by, that it may be returned into store. 
 
 You will await my arrival in Friendly Cove, till the first of 
 November, when on seeing nothing of me, on that day you will 
 make the best of your way to the Sandwich Islands, and anchor 
 in Wymoa-Ray (Waimea Bay), in the island of Atooi (Kauai), 
 remaining there 12 days, when if I do not arrive in that inter- 
 val, you will proceed to China, and follow the directions I have 
 given you, leaving a letter with Taheo (Kaeo), or Abinui 
 ( ). communicating only your arrival and de- 
 parture. 
 
 You will be particularly careful to preserve a breed of the 
 various animals put on board you for the Sandwich Islands. 
 
 C)n no account are you to bring away any of the natives of 
 America or the Sandwich Islands, or any other islands you may 
 discover, except your reasons are so cogent and strong, as will 
 ensure you the countenance of your employers. 
 
 Extract from Mr Meares instructions to Captain Douglas, on 
 leaving the American Coast. 
 
 "I mean to jjroceed immediately on the launch of the 'North 
 West America,' to the Sandwich Islands, and from thence to
 
 47 
 
 China, the whole charge of the "Iphigenia" and "North West 
 America" will consequently devolve to you. 
 
 From the information which I have received from the "Prin- 
 cess Royal," I think it necessary to warn you of the dangers 
 attending your stay at the Sandwich Islands, where a crew 
 immersed in pleasure may become but too easy a prey to so 
 daring and resolute a set of people. Your judgement will point 
 out to you to draw your principal resources of provisions from 
 Owhyhee (Hawaii), the windward isle. The danger of anchor- 
 ing there, from the multitude of people, is but too evident. 
 With the bay of Mowee (Maui) you are acquainted. Here I 
 would recommend you to anchor, if a spot free from coral rocks 
 can be found. 
 
 For though Titerree (Kahekili) is sovereign of Mowee 
 (Maui), Morotoi (Molokai) and the adjacent isles, yet the 
 factions existing between the lesser chiefs will, in all proba- 
 bility, prevent their combining to commit hostilities on you. The 
 distance also you lie from the shore of this island will, in some 
 measure, tend to your security ; and amongst the whole group of 
 those islands, I know no place so eligible, provided good anchor- 
 ing ground can be found. When the trade-wind blows it comes 
 down in refreshing breezes from the summits of the mountains, 
 and meliorates the scorching heat of the sun, every where so per- 
 nicious. If the trade wind ceases and the North West winds 
 blow, you have several large and capacious channels to put to sea 
 through, and the danger of a lee-shore is removed. and per- 
 mit me to observe that this is the only station you can occupy 
 amongst these islands, where this danger is to be avoided, and 
 it is a danger of such magnitude, that I must entreat you, the 
 moment you see it blacken in the North West to put instantly 
 to sea, as the only means of safety. 
 
 The savage fierceness of the people of Wahoo (Oahu), will, I 
 should suppose, render your stay at that island very short. The 
 populousness of Atooi (Kauai) may deter you from making any 
 long stay in Wymeo Bay (Waimea Bay) You will therefore 
 finally close your route at Onehow (Niihau) where I trust you 
 will guard carefully against the art and cunning of Taheo ( Kaeo) 
 
 and Abinui ( ) for I think them dreadful, mercenarv, 
 
 artful villians. As they attempted to poison the crews of the 
 "Prince of Wales" and "Princess Royal," you will guard against 
 such a diabolical design, by inspecting the cocoa-nuts, yams, 
 water etc making the seller taste each. 
 
 From Tianna (Kaiana) we have a full knowledge of the ex-
 
 48 
 
 treme subtility of a poison in their possession, which operates 
 instantaneously on the vital powers. 
 
 Should you discover such an attempt, I recommend to you to 
 seize those concerned; and as a transaction of this nature can- 
 not take place without the knowledge of Taheo (Kaeo) and 
 Abinui ( ) such wickedness ought to be made an ex- 
 ample of. The commerce that the natives of Atooi (Kauai) 
 have had with Europeans, has operated so much on their natures, 
 that too much caution or vigilance cannot be exerted. 
 
 On no account suffer more than one or two on your decks at a 
 time. Keep people constantly in your tops, with arms ready, 
 your guns loaded and primed ; and never permit the natives to 
 swim about the ship ; or most assuredly, you will have your 
 cables cut. 
 
 I trust that you will procure a good supply of cordage and 
 I should imagine that their mats, cloth, etc.. might be held in as 
 much request on the Northern station of America, as they are 
 on the Southern, you will therefore purchase as many as you 
 think proper for the American Market. 
 
 I have great hopes that Tianna (Kaiana) will be of service 
 to you. To this chief I recommend you to be particularly atten- 
 tive. The placing him agreeable to his wishes either on Owhyhee 
 (Hawaii) with his relation Tome Tomy Hawa (Kamehameha), 
 the sovereign of that island and Atooi (Kauai) or with his 
 brother Nawmity Haw (Namekeha) and family, on the latter 
 island, is a point that I feel myself extremely interested in. 
 Whatever Tianna's (Kaiana's) ambition may be on seeing him- 
 self so powerfully supported, yet we must not lose sight of pru- 
 dence in settling our friend, and we shall prove his truest and 
 most faithful ones, in placing him in exactly the station we took 
 him from. We must therefore not let his ambition stimulate us 
 on the one hand, nor our desires on the other, to raise our friend 
 to a station ever envied amongst mankind. Through the gen- 
 erosity of Mr Cox, he returns unboundedly rich to the circle of 
 his friends. Though greatly deserving in himself, yet the line 
 of prudence must not be passed, and the example of Amai 
 
 ( ) shows us the danger attending the smiles of fortune 
 
 even amongst savage tribes. — You will therefore dismiss him 
 with such presents, in addition to what he has. as you may think 
 proper to confer on him. and as you know his language so well. 
 I entreat you to meet his ideas of happiness as far as prudence 
 permits, or circumstances put in your power. 
 
 The island of Onehow (Niihau) furnishes the pearl-oyster. 
 You will endeavor to make Tianna sensible of the treasures
 
 49 
 
 they contain, and the importance of them to us, and I have 
 hopes that during your stay you will fully ascertain this point. 
 At Nootka I shall await Mr. Funter's arrival (in the North 
 West America) until the 20th day of November, 1789; when 
 seeing nothing of him, on that day I shall proceed to the Sand- 
 wich Islands, and wait your and his arrival in Wymeo (Waimea) 
 Bay, on the island of Atooi (Kauai), or at the anchoring 
 ground, the island of Onehow (Niihau) until the first day of 
 January, 1790.
 
 INDEX 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Abinui ( ) 13, 22, 26, 46, 47, 48 
 
 Adanison, Mr 28 
 
 Amai 48 
 
 Aropee ( ) 28 
 
 Atooi (Kauai) ^, 7 
 
 8, 11, 12, 16, 21, 23, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 
 
 Barclay, Captain 36, 43 
 
 Barclay, Mrs 36 
 
 Bird Island 28 
 
 Churchill, Captain 33 
 
 Clerke, Captain 18 
 
 Colnett, Captain 22, 37, 38 
 
 Cook, Captain 8, 18, 19, 33, 34 
 
 Deserters 27 
 
 Dixon, Captain 25, 38 
 
 Douglas, Captain Wm 6, 10, 11, 13, 
 
 14, 15, 16. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 37, 41, 46 
 Duncan, Captain 38 
 
 Eappo ( Hiapo) 18 
 
 East India Company 43 
 
 "Friday" 10, 11 
 
 Funter,* Captain 15, 21, 30, 49 
 
 Grey, Captain 40 
 
 Guise, Captain 43 
 
 Hanna, Captain James 42 
 
 Harwallenee ( ) 12 
 
 Hawaii (see Owhyhee) 
 
 Hawaiians (Unnamed) 34 
 
 Heiau 21 
 
 Hiapo (fsee Eai)po) 
 
 Hitchcock, Samuel 22 
 
 Jones (a seaman) 26 
 
 Kaeo (ftee Taheo) 
 Kaliekili (see Titeeree) 
 Fsaiana (see Tianna) 
 Kaihia (see Kowrowa) 
 
 Kaircckeea ( ) 18 
 
 Kalaimamahu ( ) 28 
 
 Kalanio[(uu (see Tereeobeo) 
 
 Kariieliameha (ser Tome-honiy-haw) 
 
 Karakakooa (Kfalakekua) . .'. 16, 18, 25
 
 51- 
 
 Kauai (see Atooi) 
 Kaula (see Tahoora) 
 Kawaihae (see Toe-yah-yab) 
 Kawaihae Baj' (see Toe-yah-yah Bay) 
 Kealakekua (see Karakakooa) 
 Keawemauhili (see Terremowree) 
 Keliimaikai (see Tereametee) 
 
 King, Captain 18, 19 
 
 Koa (see Koah) 
 
 Koah (Koa) 18 
 
 KoAvrowa (Kailua) 16 
 
 Lanai (see Eanai) 
 
 Lowrie, Captain 43 
 
 MacCay, Mr ^ 38 
 
 Maiha Maiha (Kamehameha). (See Tome-homy-haw.) 
 
 Maui (see Mowee) 
 
 Mauna Kea (see Mouna Kaah) 
 
 Meares, Captain John 6, 25, 31, 46 
 
 Molokai (see Morotoi) 
 
 Morotoi (Molokai) 8, 20, 24, 47 
 
 Mouna Kaah (Mauna Kea) 7 
 
 Mowee (Maui) 7, S, 12, 13, 19, 20, 24, 47 
 
 Namaate-haw ( Namakeha ) 9, 10, 23, 48 
 
 Naraekeha (see Namaate-haw) 
 
 Xawmity-haw (see Namaate-haw) 
 
 Niihau (see Oneeheow) 
 
 "Noota" 9, 42 
 
 Oaliu (see Woahoo) 
 
 Oneeheow (Niihau) 7, 8, 10, 11, 23, 27, 28, 47, 48, 49 
 
 Owhyhee (Hawaii) 
 
 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19, 22, 23, 24, 28, 30, 34, 35, 47, 48 
 
 Pareeonow ( ) 28 
 
 Portlock, Captain 25, 43 
 
 Puna (see Punna) 
 
 Punna (Puna, Kauai) 26 
 
 Eanai (Lanai) 8, 20, 24 
 
 Sandy Bay, Hawaii ( ) 16 
 
 South Sea Company 43 
 
 Spoilum (artist) 33 
 
 Taheo (Kaeo) 9, 12, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 34, 35, 41, 46, 47, 48 
 
 Tahoora (Kaula) 27 
 
 Tawnee (a Hawaiian) 11 
 
 Tereametee (Keliimaikai) 28 
 
 Tereeobeo (Kalaniopuu) 7, 18, 19, 24 
 
 Terremoweeree (Keawemauhili) . . . : 24 
 
 Tianna (Kaiana) 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, 
 
 24, 25, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 45, 47, 48
 
 52 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Tipping, Lieutenant Wm 5 
 
 Tiroway Bav (Kailua Bay, Ha\yaii) 24, 25 
 
 Titeeree (Kahekili) 7, 12, 20, 21, 23, 24, 47 
 
 Toee Hve (see Toe-vah-vah) 
 
 Toe-vah-vah Bav (Kawaihae Bay) 7, 13, 24, 25, 26 
 
 Tome-hoiny-haV (Kamchameha) '. 13, 14, IG, 18, 19, 24, 26, 29, 30, 48 
 
 Vessels Trading in the Pacific (* Those known to have touched at the 
 Hawaiian Islands) — 
 
 American : 
 
 ' ' America " 45 
 
 ' ' Antony Brig " 45 
 
 ' ' Astrea " 45 
 
 ' ' Atlantic " 45 
 
 *" Columbia" 40, 41. 43, 45 
 
 ' ' Fedralist " 45 
 
 ' ' Light Horse " . . . .' 45 
 
 ' ' Massachusetts " 45 
 
 ' ' Morse " 45 
 
 ' ' Sampson " 45 
 
 ' ' Tay " 45 
 
 ' ' Three Sisters " 45 
 
 "Union" 45 
 
 * "Washington " 40, 42, 43, 45 
 
 ' ' William and Henry " 45 
 
 East India Company: 
 
 ' ' Britannia " 44 
 
 ' ' Duke of Buccleugh " 44 
 
 ' ' Earl Mansfield " 44 
 
 ' ' Earl Wycombe " 44 
 
 ' ' Europa " 44 
 
 ' ' Fort William " 44 
 
 ' ' Ganges " 44 
 
 ' ' George Elliot " 44 
 
 ' ' Lascelles " 44 
 
 ' ' Lord Macartnev " 44 
 
 ' ' Middlesex " . . ". 44 
 
 ' ' Nottingham " 44 
 
 ' ' Ocean " 44 
 
 ' ' Pitt " 44 
 
 ' ' Rockingham " 44 
 
 ' ' Thetis " 44 
 
 ' ' Valentino " 44 
 
 ' ' Walpolp " 33, 34 
 
 ' ' Warley " 44 
 
 English : 
 
 * ' ' Argonaut " 37, 38, 44 
 
 "Boddam" 44 
 
 ' ' Boml)ay " .' 44 
 
 ' ' Britannia Snow ' ' 44 
 
 ' ' Cartier " 44 
 
 ' ' Carnatic " 44 
 
 "Cheerful" 44 
 
 ' ' Clive " 44
 
 53 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ' ' Cornwallis ' ' 44 
 
 ' ' Darius " 44 
 
 ' ' Enterprize " 44 
 
 ' ' Fier Eesoal Mucky " 44 
 
 ' ' Fiez AUum " . . . ". 44 
 
 ' ' Gangavar " 44 
 
 ' ' Gansava " 44 
 
 ' ' General Meadows " 44 
 
 ' ' Henry " 44 
 
 ' ' Hibernia " 44 
 
 ' ' Hindostan " 44 
 
 ' ' Hornby " 44 
 
 ' ' Indus " 44 
 
 * ' ' King George " 43 
 
 ' ' Milf ord " 44 
 
 ' ' Nancy " 44 
 
 ' ' New Triumph " 44 
 
 ' ' Nonsuch " 44 
 
 * ' ' Prince of Wales " 38, 43, 44, 47 
 
 * ' ' Princess Royal " 38, 43, 44, 47 
 
 * ' ' Queen Charlotte " 38, 43 
 
 ' ' Resolution " 44 
 
 ' ' Royal Charlotte " 44 
 
 ' ' Shaw Ardcseer " 44 
 
 "Shaw Birani" 44 
 
 ' ' Soliman Shaw " ' . 44 
 
 ' ' Sullimanev Grab " 44 
 
 ' ' Sultan " '. 44 
 
 ' ' Surat Castle" 44 
 
 ' ' Surprise " 44 
 
 ' ' Thamtum Taz But " 44 
 
 ' ' Victoria Snow " 44 
 
 ' * Warren Hastings " 44 
 
 ' ' Yarmouth " 44 
 
 Danish : 
 
 ' ' King of Denmark " 45 
 
 Dutch: 
 
 ' ' Christeffel Columbus " 44 
 
 ' ' Delft " 44 
 
 ' ' Maria Cornelia " 44 
 
 ' ' Meervk " 44 
 
 ' ' Schagen " 44 
 
 French : 
 
 ' ' Dauphin " 45 
 
 Portuguese : 
 
 ' ' Bom Jesus Alem " 45 
 
 ' ' Campeles " 45 
 
 ' ' Marquis de Anjuga ' ' 45 
 
 Other Vessels: 
 
 "Captain Cook" 37, 38, 43 
 
 * ' ' Discovery " (Captain James Cook) 15 
 
 "Experiment" 37, 38, 43 
 
 * "Felice" 5, 6, 11, 12, 31, 35, 37, 38, 41. 42, 43, 45 
 
 * ' ' Imperial Eagle " 38. 43
 
 54 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Other Vessels: 
 
 *"Iphigenia" 5, 0. 11, 14, 15, 
 
 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43 
 ' ' Lark " 43 
 
 * ' ' Nootka " 5, 43 
 
 *" North West America". . .12, 13, 14, Ki. 21, 27. 39, 41, 42, 4(5, 47, 49 
 
 * "Resolution" (Captain Cook's ship) 15 
 
 "Sea Otter" 5, 43 
 
 Viana. Mr 26 
 
 Waimea (see Wymoa) 
 Waimea Bay (see Wymoa Bay) 
 Waikiki (see Witetee) 
 Waipio {see Wipeeo) 
 
 Winee ( ) 34. 35, 36, 37 
 
 Witetee (Waikiki) 20, 23. 3i> 
 
 Wipeeo (Waipio) 26 
 
 Woahoo (Oahn) 8, 19, 20, 21. 23, 24, 26, 47 
 
 Wymeo Bay (see Wymoa Bay) 
 
 Wymoa (Waimea, Kauai) 22, 26 
 
 Wymoa Bay (Waimea Bay, Kauai) 8, 21, 23, 46. 47, 49 
 
 Yam Bay, Xiihau 27
 
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 UNIVERSITY OF CA , RIVERSIDE LIBRARY 
 
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