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:s '^<:/ojnv3jo>- \'/( ^^liJNVSOV^"^ '^ ^W ^1 TRANSLATIONS OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE Uattn PRIZE POEMS. SECOND SERIES. LONDON : LONGMAN, REES, ORME, BROWN, GREEN. AND CO. ANU SOI.U BY ALL bOOKSELLLHS IN TOWN ANU tOt'NTHV. 1833. Lonrioii : Mill-. Jowetf, and Mil!i«, Kolt-comt, Flfet-street. DEDICATION TO THK RIGHT HONOURABLE WILLIAM WYNDHAM, LORD GRENVILLE, D. C L. CHANCELLOR OF THF, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, THESE TRANSLATIONS ARE, WITH HIS LORDSHIPS KIND PERMISSION, MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED, BY HIS LORDSHIP'S VERY FAITHFUL AND MUCH OBLIGED SERVANT, NICHOLAS LEE TORRE. Leamington Priors, August 27, 1833. s;^5ijeG CONTENTS. I'AGF. Peter the Great . . . . 1 Tlie Nile . . . . . 19 The Siege of Gibraltar 43 Herculaneum . . . . 61 Malta Surrendered to the British 73 The Deliverance of Portugal . 83 Alexander at the Tomb of Achilles 93 Thebes .... 109 Syracuse .... 123 The Earthquake at Aleppo 151 Cicero at Tusculum . 163 The Rainbow .... . 183 Tyre ..... . 191 Hannibal .... . 217 I LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Acheson, Right Honourable Viscount, 13. A., M. P., GosfoiU Castle Abbot, Honourable Philip Henry, B. C. L., Lincoln's Inn, London Antrobus, Sir Edmund, Bart., M. A., Ainesbury. ;} copies. Vstley, Sir Jacob, Bart., M. P., Melton Constable, Norfolk Aldis, C. J. Berridge, Esq., M. D., Old Burlington-street, London Annesley, Rev. Arthur, M. A., Clifford, Gloucestershire Annesley, Rev. Francis, M. A., Clifford, Gloucestershire Arnold, Rev. Thomas, D. D., Head Master of Rugby School Arnold, Rev. T. Kercheven, ]\LA., Lyndon, Rutland Atwood, Rev. Henry, M. A.j-Kenilworth Awdry, Rev. Charles, B. C. L., New College, Oxford. Bucclcugh and Quecnsberry, His Grace the Duke of, K.T., M. A., &c., Montagu lIou?e, London Buckinghamshire, Right Honourable the Earl of, Hampden House, Bucks Bagot, Right Honourable Lord, Blithficld Park, Stafford- shire b 2 Vlll LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Bagot, Right Honourable Sir Charles, G.C.B., M.A., Eaton- square, London Bagot, Rev. Egerton Arden, M. A., Pipe Hayes, vStaffordshire Boughton, Sir William E. Rouse, Bart., M.A., Rouse Lynch, Worcestershire Bridges, Sir Brook William, Bart., M.A., Goodneston, Kent Brooke, Sir Arthur de Capel, Bart., M.A., Great Oakley, Northamptonshire Baring, Francis Thornhill, Esq., M. A., M. P., Spring Gardens, London Bethell, Richard, Esq., M. P., Rise Park, Yorkshire Blackstone, William Seymour, Esq., B.A., M.P., Castle Priory, Berks Brigstock, William Papwell, Esq., M. A., M. P., Combe Hay, Somerset Briscoe, John Ivatt, Esq., M. A., M. P., Chertsey Brodie, William Bird, Esq., M. P., Salisbury Buckingham, James Silk, Esq., M. P., Waterloo Place, London Baker, Rev. James, M. A., Nuneham, Oxon 3 copies. Barter, Rev. Robert, D.C.L., Warden of Winchester College 3 copies. Baskerville, J. B. Mynors, Esq., M.A., Rockley House, Wilts Bates, Rev. Charles Cecil, M. A., Castleton, Derbyshire Bayley, Rev. Arden, M.A., Edgcott, Northamptonshire Beckley, Rev. Thomas, M. A., Lymington, Hants Bellairs, Rev. Henry, M.A., Bedworth, Warwickshire Boissier, Rev. Peter Edward, M.A., Leamington Priors Botfield, Beriah, Esq., M.A., Norton Hall, Northampton- shire LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. IX Boutflower, Rev. Henry Crewe, M.A.. Bury, Lancashire Bowles, Rev. William Lisle, M. A., Brenihill, Wilts Boyles, Rev. Charles Gower, M.A., Buriton, Hants 3 copies. Braniston, Thomas William, Esq., M. A., Skreens, Esse.x 3 copies. Brercton, Rev. John, D.C.L., Bedford Bridger, William Milton, Esq., M.A., Lincoln's Inn, London Brownlow, Rev. John, M.A., Bath 3 copies. Bruce, John Wyndham, Esq., B.A., Mount- street, London Burney, Rev. Charles Parr, D. D., Greenwich Canterbury, His Grace the Archbishop of, D. D. &c., Lam- beth Palace 5 copies. Cholmondeley, Most Honourable the INLirquess, Cholmon- deley Castle, Cheshire 3 copies. Carlisle, Right Honoura))le the Earl of, M.A., Castle Howard, Yorkshire Cornwallis, Right Honourable Earl of, Linton Place, Kent Cavendish, Right Honourable Lord, M. A., Belgrave-square, London 3 copies. Clinton, Right Honourable Lord, M. A., Huish House, Devon Canning, Right Honourable Sir Stratford, G. C. B., M. A., Grosvenor-square, London CuUum, Rev. Sir Thomas Gery, Bart., M. A., Hardwick House, SuflFolk Chandler, Very Rev. George, D. C. L., Dean of Chichester Curteis, Herbert Barrett, Es(i., M.A., M. P., Pcasmarsh, Sussex Cartwright, Rev. Stephen Ralph, M. A., Aynlioc, North- amptonshire X LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Cheney, Robert Henry, Esq., M. A., Upper Seymour-street, London 2 copies. Cherry, George Henry, Esq., M. A., Denford House, Berks Cheslyn, Richard, Esq., Junior, M. A., Langley Prior} , Leicestershire Clarke, Edward Hyde, Esq., Clarendon-square, Leamington Priors, Warwickshire Cleaver, Rev. Henry Owen, M. A., Hawkhurst, Kent Cockerell, Samuel Pepys, Esq., ^I. A., Lincoln's Inn, London Coker, Rev. John, B. C. L,, RadclyfFe, Bucks Colchester, Maynard, Esq., ■NLA., The AVilderness, Glouces- tershire Cotes, Peter, Esq., North Sidmonton, Hants Cotes, Rev. Peter, M. A., North Sidmonton, Hants Creyke, Rev. Stephen, M. A., York Currer, Rev. Danson Reginald, M. A., Clifton House, York Devonshire, His Grace the Duke of, K.G., D.C.L., &c., Devonshire House, London Downshire, Most Honourable the ^larquess of, K. P., East Hampstead Park, Berks Dartmouth, Right Honourable the Earl of, M.A., Sandwell Park, Staffordshire Dungarvan, Rt. Honourable Viscount, Blounts Court, Oxon Duncombe, Honourable AVilliain, M.A., M.P., Cavendish- square, London Dale, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Berkenham, Kent Dawson, Frederick, Esq., M.A., Temple, London Dean, Rev. Henry, B. C.L., New College, Oxford Deedes, William, Esq., junior, M. A., Sandling, Kent LIST OP SIBSCRIBERS. XI Dorington, John Thomas, Es(i., M. A., ("lari^os-strcet, Lon- don Dovasstoii, John F. M., Esq., M.A., Westfcltou, Salop Dowdcswell, John Edmund, Esq., M. A., Pull Court, Glou- cestershire Downes, Rev. Robert, M. A., Leamington Priors Duke, Rev. Edward, M. A., Lake House, Wilts Egerton, Sir Philip M. de Grey, Bart., M. A., Oulton I'ark, Cheshire Estcourt, Thomas G. Bucknell, Esq., D. C. L., M. P., New Park, Wilts 3 copies. Estcourt, Thomas Henry Sutton Bucknell, Esq., M. \. 3 copies. Etwall, Ralph, Esq., M. A., M. P., Andover Ewart, William, Esq., M. A., M. P., Liverpool East, James Buller, Esq., M. A., Stratford Place, London Eckersall, Rev. Charles, M. A., Stockbridge, Hants 3 copies. Edwards, Rev. John, M. A., Prestbury, Gloucestershire Empson, William, Esq., M. A., Temple, London Erie, Rev. Christopher, B. C. L., New College, Oxford Fletcher, Sir Henry, Bart., Ashley Park, Surrey Faber, Charles Waring, Esq., M. A., Lincoln's Inn, London Fowle, Rev. Fulwar Craven, M. A., Kintbury, Berks Fowle, Rev. Fulwar William, M. A., Amesbury 2 copies. Freer, Rev. Richard Lane, M. A., Handswortli, Staffordshire Gloucester, H. R. H. the Duke of, K.G., D. C. L., &c., Chan- cellor of the University of Cambrid^je 3 copies. Xll LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Grenville, Right Honourable Lord, D. C.L., Dropmore, Bucks, Chancellor of the University of Oxford Granby, Most Honourable the Marquess of, Trinity College, Cambridge Grosvenor, Right Honourable Lord Robert, M. A., M. P., Upper Grosvenor-street, London Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard, Bart, M. A., M. P., Hawarden Castle, Flint Grey, Sir George, Bart., M. A., M. P., Lincoln's Inn, London Gore, Montagu, Esq., M. P., Mount-street, London Goring, Harry Dent, Esq., M. A., M. P., Highden, Sussex Gilly, Rev. William Stephen, M. A., Prebendary of Durham Gooch, Rev. Frederick, B. C. L., Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford Grant, Rev. Robert, B. C. L., Bradford Abbas, Somerset Grant, Anthony, Esq., S. C. L., New College, Oxford Graves, John Samuel, Esq., M. A., Temple, London Grice, Rev. Joseph Hill, M. A., Handsworth, Stafford- shire Haddington, Right Honoiu"able the Earl of, M. A., Tyring- ham Castle, North Britain Harewood, Right Honourable the Earl of, M. A., Harewood House, Yorkshire Herbert, Honourable Sidney, B. A., M. P., Great Stanhope- street, London Heathcote, Sir William, Bart.,D. C.L., Hursley Park, Hants 3 copies. Henniker, Rev. Sir Augustus Brydges, Bart., M. A., Great Horkesley, Essex LIST OF SUBSCRIB|RS. Xlll Hornby, Edmund George, Esq., M.P., Dalton Hall, Wt-st- morland Hall, Rev. Peter, M. A., Salisbury Hall, Thomas Henry, Esq., M. A., Lincoln's Inn, London 2 copies. Henderson, Gilbert, Esq., M. A., Temple, London Henville, Rev. Charles Bruno, B.C.L., Vicarage, Portsmouth 2 copiet, Hodges, Rev. Frederick Parry, B. C. L., New College, Oxfonl Hothani, Rev. Charles, M.A., Lincoln's Inn, London Huntingford, Rev. Henr}', B. C. L., Westerham, Kent 3 copies. Inglis, Sir Robert Harry, Bart., D. C. L., ^L P., Manchester Buildings, London 6 copies. Iinpey, Elijah Barwell, Esq , M. A., Clapham Common 2 copies. Ingram, Rev. James, D. D., President of Trinity College, Oxford .lephson, Henry, Esq., M. D., Leamington Priors Jeston, Rev. Robert Green, ^LA., Marston, Gloucestershire 3 copies. .lohnston, Peter, Esq., Cairnsalloeh, Dumfries, North Britain Johnson, Rev. John, M.A., Houghton, Northamjitonshire Kingsborough, Right Honourable Viscount, Exeter College, Oxford Kennedy, Rev. Benjamin Hall, M.A., Harrow, Middlesex Kerrich, Rev. Walter James, M.A., Paulerspury 3 copies. Kingsmill, William, Esq., M.A., Sidmonton, Hants M\ LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Kingsmill, Henry, Esq., B.A., Trinity College, Oxford Kinsey, Rev. William Morgan, B.D., Cheltenham 3 copies. Knight, Edward, Esq , M.A., Chawton Park, Hants Llandaff, Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of, D.D., Deanery, St. Paul's, London 3 copies. Lamb, Honom-able George, M.A., M.P., Whitehall, London Law, Honourable Cbarles Ewan, Recorder of London 2 copiea. Law, William John, Esq., M.A., Lincoln's Inn, London Legge, Honourable and Rev. Henr>% B.C.L., Blackheath Lopes, Sir Ralph, Bart., M.A., M.P., Marristow House, Devon 3 copies. Labouchere, Henry, Esq., M. A., M. P., Hamilton-place, London Lefevre, Charles Shaw, Esq., M.A., ^LP., Heckfield House, Hants Latham, Rev. Henry, M.A., Harlej^-street, London Lawson, Rev. William Mon-ell, M.A., Moseley, Worces- tershire Lee,' Rev. Harry, jun., B.D., Fellow of Winchester Col- lege 3 copies. Lee, Rev. William Blackstone, M.A., New College, Oxford 3 copies. Leigh, Chandos, Esq., Stoneleigh Abbey, Warwickshire Lettsom, Wm. Nanson, Esq., M. A., Harley-street, London Lonsdale, Rev. John, B. D., Rectory, Bloomsbury, London Mexborough, Right Honourable the Earl of, M.A., Methley Park, Yorkshire LIST OF SURSCRIBERS. tV Miiiustrr, Right Hoiiourahle the E.ul of, F. R.S., Bclgravt- scpmrc, London Milton, Right Ilouounible Viscount, B.A., M.P., Milton Abbey, Northiiniptonshirc 3 copies. Morpetli, Right Honourable Viscount, M.A., M.P., Gros- venor-placc, London Monson, Right Honourable Lord, ^L A., Gatton Park, Surrey Mackworth, Sir Digby, Bart., Cavendish Hall, Suffolk 3 copiey, -Mordaunt, Sir J., Bart., M.A., Walton Hall, Warwickshire Mackenzie, J. A. Stewart, Esq., M.P., Scaforth, X.B. Macabe, James, Esq., ^LD., Cheltenham Malcolm, Neill, Esq., jun., M.A., Hanover-square, London Master, Rev. Robert Mosley, M.A., Burnley, Lancashire Mcrewether, Very Rev. John, M. A., Dean of Hereford Milman, Rev. Henry Hart, >LA., Reading Mynors, R. E. Eden, Esq., M.A., Weatheroak Hill, Staf- fordshire Northumberland, His Grace the Duke of, K. CJ., D. C.L., Sic, Northumberland House, London Northampton, Most Honourable the ^L1r(^ucss of, M.A., Castle Ashby, Northamptonshire Newark, Right Honourable Viscount, B.A., >L P., Christ Church, Oxford Neeld, Joseph, Esq., M. P., (Jrittleton House, Wilts Nainie, Rev. Charles, M. A., Sha(lo.\hur«-t, Kent Newell, Rev. Thomas Hlackman, ^LA., Salpcrton, Glou- cestershire XVI LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Xorthcote, Henry Staffortl, Esq., B. A., Pynes House, Devon. Oss'.ilston, Right Honourable Lord, B.A., M. P., Grosvenor- square, London Palmerston, Right Honourable Viscount, M.A., M. P., Foreign Office, London Pelham, Honourable Charles A. Worsley, M.P., Charles- street, Berkeley-square, London Percy, Honourable Charles Bertie, M. A., Guy's Cliff, War- wickshire Poulter, John, Esq., B.C.L., M.P., Temple, London Pa>7ie, Peter Samuel, Esq., B. A., Knuston, Northamp- tonshire Pease, Joseph Robinson, Esq., M.A., Hesslewood House, Yorkshire Pechell, Rev. Horace Robt., M. A., Bix, Oxon Petit, Lewis Hayes, Esq., M. A., Lincoln's Inn, London Pickard, John Trenchard, Esq., D.C.L., Doctors Commons, London Piggott, Simon Eraser, Esq., M.A., Lincoln's Inn, London Pinckney, Philip, Esq., Amesbury, Wilts Portman, E. Berkeley, Esq., M. A., Bryanstone House, Dorset Praed, Winthrop Mackworth, Esq., M.A., Temple, London Price, Samuel Grove, Esq., M.A., Gray's Inn, London Price, Uvedale Thomas, Esq., M. A., Mongewell, Oxon Prichard, Rev. Robert, B.D., Peppard, Oxon QuickC, Rev. Andrew, M.A., Fellow of Winchester College 3 copies. LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. XMI Quirkc, Edward Cuniniinc:, Esq.. B.C.L., New C'oHcro, Oxford ."i copies. Rutland, His Grace the Dukeof, K.G., D.C.L., ike, Belvoii Castle, Lincolnshire Ripon, Rt. Hon. the Earl of, M. A., Privy Seal Office, London Rivers, Right Honourable Lord, Grosvenor-place, London Russell, Right Honourable Lord, ^L P., Belgrave-square, London Russell, Sir Robert Grcenhill, Bart., M.A., Che(iuer's-court, Bucks Russell, Jesse Watts, Esq., M.A., Ham Hall, Staftbrdshin- Rice, Right Honourable Thomas Spring, M.A., >LP., Trea- sury, London Rice, Stephen Edmund Spring, Escj., B.A., Trinity College, Cambridge Reid, Sir John Rae, Bart., ^LP., Pall MaU, London Richardson, Sir John, Knight, yi. A., Bedford-scpiare. London Richards, John, Esq., jun., Reading Ridding, Rev. Charles Henry, B. C.L., Winchester College Risley, Rev. William. Cotton, B.C.L., Souldcrne, O.xon Roles, Rev. Edward, M.A., Amesbury, Wilts Round, John, Esq., D.C. L., Brighton Seaford, Right Hon. Lord, Audley-square, London li copies. Stanley, Right Honourable Edward GeolVrey, >LA., M.P., Colonial Office, London Shore, Honourable Charles John, M.A., Portman-square, London XVlll LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Staunton, Sir Geoige Thomas, Bart., D.C.L., M.P., Leigh Park, Hants Scott, Sir Edward Dolman, Bart., M.P., Great Barr Hall, Staffordshire Scott, James Winter, Esq., B.A., M.P., Rotherfield Park, Hants Stuart, William, Esq., M.A., M.P., Tempsford House, Bed- fordshire Sadler, Rev. James Hayes, M.A., Portman-square, London .Seymour, Rev. John Hobart, INLA., Prebendary of Glou- cester .3 copien. Sheridan, Charles Brinsley, Esq., M. A. Shirley, Evelyn Philip, Esq., Eatington, Warsvickshire Shirley, Rev. Walter Augustus, ^LA., Shirley, Derbyshire Shuttleworth, Rev. Philip Nicholas, D.D., Warden of New College, Oxford 3 copies. Sibthorp, Rev. Humphrey, M.A., Washingborough, Lin- colnshire 3 copies. Sleath, Rev. W. Boultbee, D. D., Repton Smith, Thomas Hogan, Esq., Amesbury, Wilts Spurrier, J. W., Esq., M. A., Lincoln's Inn, London Streatfeild, Rev. William, M. A., East Ham, Essex Sutherland, Charles, Esq., Amesbury, Wilts Tankerville, Right Honourable the Earl of, ^L A., Chilling- ham Castle, Northumberland Tenterden, Right Hon. Lord, M.A., Russell-square, London Trevor, Honourable Arthur Hill, M.A., Durham 3 cojnes. Tennent, James Emerson, Esq., M.P., Duke-street, West- minster LIST OF SlBSCRinERS. \l\ Tarpley, Rev. K.M. Rcid, M.A., Flore, Northampton- shire Tennant, Henry, Esq., B. C.L., Lincohi's Inn, London Thomson, Rohcrt Dalzell, Escj., M. A., Lincoln's Inn, London Townjend, Rev. George, ]\LA., I'lebcmlary of Durliam Trotman, Rev. Fiennes, M.A., Dallington, Northampton- shire Tylecote, Rev. Thomas, B. D., Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge Wilmot, Sir E. Eardley, Bart., ^LP., Berkcswcll, Wiu- wick shire Wilmot, Jolin Eardley, Esq., B.A., Balliol College, Oxford Wclby, Glynne Earle, Esq., B.A., M.P., Denton Hall, Lincolnshire Whitmore, Thomas Charlton, Esq., B. A., M.P., Apky Park, Salop Wall, Rev. Frederick Sandys, B.C.L., East Acton, Mid- dlese.x '.\ copies. Webb, Rev. Richard, M.A., Amesbury, Wilts Williams, Rev. David, D. C. L., Winchester College 3 copies. Williams, Philip, Esq., D.C.L., Lincoln's Inn, London '.I copies. WTiicldon, George, Esq., Wolton Place, Northamptonshire 3 copies. Wise, Rev. Henry, M.A., Offchurch, Warwickshire Wise, Henry Christopher, Estj., M.A., Wootton IIousi', Warwickshire Wood, Rev. John Page, B.C.L., Cambcrwcll, Surrey XX LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. Wrangham, Digliy Cayley, Esq., M.A., Wilton Crescent, London AVrightson, William Battie, Esq., M.A., Cusworth Park, Yorkshire Wrightson, Rev. Arthur Bland, M.A., Campsall, Yorkshire Wyatt, Rev. William Robert, M. A., Wynyard, Durham Wyime, John Arthur, Esq., M.A., Sligo, Ireland Young, Rev. Richard, M.A., \ev.- College, Oxford 3 copie.i. PETER THE GREAT. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN PRIZE POEM RECITED IN THE THEATRE AT OXFORD, A. D. 1777. CHARLES ABBOT, Cii. Cii. AFTERWARDS SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, AND FIRST LORD COLCHESTER. PETER THE GREAT. With duteous zeal, while grateful Russia pays The well-earned tribute of triumphal praise, To thee, great Founder of thy country's fame. Who first with glory deck'd her lowly name. Whose ripening- wisdom rais'd to nobler place 'Mid earthly nations thy neglected race, — The Bard unknown from Britain's distant shore Attempts for thee his votive lay to pour. And strives, in reverence of thy full renown. To wreathe thy temples with the laurel crown. Beneath thy sway, o'er Arctic realms afar Stretch'd the bold sceptre of th' Imperial Czar; B 2 4 PETER THE GREAT. High o'er admiring States and rival foes In wealth and war transcendent Russia rose ; And now though strife, by vengeful Envy led, Aspiring Frederick o'er her land would spread, Though Austria, jealous of her brighter hour. With adverse perils would surround her power. Still not the less hath Russia's might prevail'd. Or struggling Poland's vain aggression fail'd ; Still bids her voice the war of Faction cease. And binds Sarmatia in the ties of peace. Now by th' ^Egean's farthest coast array'd, Thee, proud Byzantium ! hath her fleet dismay'd, O'er Helle's deep the conquering banner spread. And fiU'd Mohammed's hostile race with dread. Yet whilst her sway triumphant Catharine wields To Peter's glory still the palm she yields ; Due to his praise a grateful people own Their boundless empire and unshaken throne. PETER THE GREAT. Tims to thy name, illustrious Chief I the meed Of just renown have later years decreed ; Thus art tliou hail'd, as all thy gifts demand, The pride, the Feather, of thy native land. O'er all the realm, through countless ages past. Its mournful gloom barbaric darkness cast; Fierce and uncurb'd was Russia's ancient race ; No sapient laws the curious search can trace. Some the wide plain with scattcr'd tribes o'erspread, Around whose camp promiscuous herds were fed ; With flocks collected through the land to roam, Their strange delight, the tented field their home : No care had these the yellow grain to hoard, For these no charms Kalernian cups afford ; By Culture's aid no choicer gifts they woo'd, Earth's simple fruits and milky draughts their food. Some in wild ardour urg'd perpetual strife, And constant perils mark'd their stormy life : PETER THE GREAT. Such are the bands that, e'en in later days, The wandering Scythian arms for ruthless frays, That far around, where'er by rapine led. The sudden terrors of invasion spread : Sucli was of old the barbarous host that pour'd Through Indian vales the ravage of the sword. When Timour's banner o'er the Eastern world Its deathful menace to the breeze unfurl'd. While plains once happy bloom'd in peace no more, And Ganges' holy stream w^as dyed with gore. What though, not wholly of Misrule the prey. Aspiring Moscow bow'd to regal sway. Though widely beaming o'er each tower-clad height Luxurious splendour shed its early light. Still to some form of ancient laws inclin'd Though her bold sons in steadfast league combin'd. Vain was her boasted pomp, her concord vain ; — Surrounding Misery spoke th' enfeebled reign. TETKR THE GREAT. Nor aught avail 'd her Monarch's generous aim That strove to renovate his country's fame : From savage joys to wean th' uncultur'd race, And from his realm the dark'ning- clouds to chase, Alexis fail'd : — in vain might wonder hail At Riga's port the Briton's daring sail ; Whilst eager eyes the Merchant's wealth admir'd, No glowing breast with rival zeal was fir'd ; No bright example spurr'd the youth to gain An equal prize, and plough the boundless main : Immur'd in gloom, by letharg)' deprest, Still sank the Empire in ignoble rest. Yet had not Heaven's all-wise decrees reveal'd That Northern realms to endless sloth should yield Time o'er the Land redeeming lustre shed, — Ry slow degrees to nobler action led, — Taught the high station Man was forni'd to claim ; And rais'd a Founder of approaching fame. 8 PETER THE GREAT. He, with bold wisdom, from th' interior plain. Where long the Empire's hidden seat had lain. Where vain had long the might of Russia prov'd. Nigh to the coast his regal home remov'd : With meet design, — where Neva's waters ghde, And mix their torrent with the Baltic tide, — Rais'd on the stagnant marsh, at his command, A new-form'd city deck'd the barren strand ; And, while their Founder's honour'd name they bore. Far stretch'd the tower-clad walls along the shore. Bright was the augury of blissful days ; Eventful omens promis'd future praise ; And as the Monarch, with parental zeal, Watch'd o'er the infant State's advancing weal, Crown'd were his wishes, and his hopes elate, With the fair dawning of auspicious fate. Soon by the long-deserted coast array 'd, A gallant fleet unwonted power displayed ; PETER THE GREAT. Soon 'mid the spacious arsenal were plann'd Tlie various works that naval schemes demand ; Whilst in each labour, with unceasing care. The watchful Monarch bore an equal share, With keen devotion shaped the cumbrous wood, And form'd the vessel for the briny flood. Yes — as on hig-h the ponderous axe he rear'd. His friends in toil the Royal Workman cheer'd ; Each daily task unwearied he pursued. Nor blush 'd to wear the yoke of servitude : Such lofty purpose rous'd the Patriot's aim, So strong his ardour for his country's fame. Thus whilst his regal pomp aside was laid, 'Mid the low herd of vulgar men he stray'd ; By practice taught, observed with curious eye, And treasur'd still in faithful memory, Whate'er consistent with the seaman's use By the slow Scheldt Batavia's race produce ; 10 PETER THE GREAT. Learn'd by what arts, far ruling o'er the main, Britannia's Sons their naval fame sustain : Whether employ 'd by Thames's margin green, Or Vag-a's banks, th' industrious King was seen ; Or pHed his work on Devon's balmy coast, Where Tamar's waves in ocean-floods are lost ; Or sought the port where gallant navies ride, And Vectis* forms a barrier to the tide. Soon might be seen, where'er the eye could range. On every side the vast eventful change : By wondrous art and man's unwearied toil Fresh beaming features deck'd the barren soil ; Fields, long by culture's genial smiles unblest. In plenty's garb by careful swains were drest : Unfruitful hills were levell'd with the plain ; Through winding channels rivers reach'd the main ; * Isle of Wight. PBTKR THE (JREAT. 11 Turn'd was tlioir course, or curbM their ano:ry tide ; Drain'd from the flood new g-ifts the mead supplied ; And where of old the foamy torrent ran, Majestic piles display'd th' abode of man. Thus far and wide at leni^th from every shore Enlig-iit'nin^ Commerce spread her ming-led store ; And joyous Plenty to the wondering train Dirtus'd around the treasures of her reig:n. What deeds victorious mi2:ht the Muse rehearse. What blood-stain'd laurels claim th' ennobling Verse ! How oft have rush'd, in triumph's hour elate. The loyal tribes from Moscow's crowded gate. To hail their Chief, 'mid pomp and festal shows, Deck'd with the spoils and trophies of their foes ! Whether from plains where deep Araxes roars, From Persian confines or from Caspian shores, With conquest flush'd th' exulting warriors came, Or reap'd by Ister's banks immortal fame. 12 PETER THE GREAT. When Othman's race their mightier power confest, Vain schemes o'erthrown, and threatening ire supprest. Oft by the stormy Baltic's ice-bound coast Their arms prevail'd o'er Sweden's rival host ; And, rous'd by war's protracted ills, and taught In raging feuds experience dearly bought. The patriot Czar, by heavenly favour blest. His drooping country's bitter wrongs redrest, Sav'd from Ambition's grasp her sinking might. And seal'd her safety in Pultowa's fight. Then, chang'd at length in fatal hour of need. Capricious Fortune left th' imperial Swede ; And, doom'd at last inglorious to behold His squadrons routed, and his aims controU'd, Dishearten'd Charles, too long unknown to yield, Turn'd from his foe, and fled the tented field. Stung at his fall, he led with frantic pain O'er Dnieper's flood the remnant of his train ; PETER THE CJRhAT. 13 Far from liis northern realms and reg-al scat, TliroLig-h woods and wilds pursued his sad retreat, With haughty Achmet sought ignoble rest, A suppliant monarch, and suspected guest. War's odious tiends from Russia's land were fled, And Peace around her mild dominion spread ; O'er his vast empire and remote domains In settled rest the time-worn Monarch reigns ; While distant shores beneath his sceptre prove His kind protection and paternal love, in social order, by his wise design. Bound by his laws, the number'd tribes combine ; Whoe'er from Dniester's l)anks, a vigorous race. To Dnieper's margin hold the fertile space. Whoe'er the labours of the field j)artake. Where dull Maeotis spreads its stagnant lake. Where tranquil Emba through sequester'd meads And lowlv haunts its course obscurely leads, 14 PETER THE GREAT. Or seven-mouthed Volga rushing to the main Enriches Astracan's prolific plain. And they whose haunts no g-enial zephyr know, 'Mid Arctic regions of encircling snow. Whose lot is cast on Zembla's dreary shore, Where deep Irtisca's mingling waters roar ; Where still, 'tis said, nor yet by age subdued. The massive tombs of ancient kings are view'd, Where time-worn towers, still pointing to the sky. And giant columns, meet th' astonish'd eye. They too who, driven where endless Winter reigns, Share on Enissy's banks Siberian plains ; And they who, doom'd to cheerless homes, reside Where Lena's torrent pours an ampler tide. Nor leave untold, recording Muse ! the race That, far remote, a savage life embrace. Far to the East's extremest verge are found. Where icy reefs Kamschatka's coast surround. PETER THE GREAT. 15 From whose bleak shores a narrow strait alone Divides the World in earlier days unknown. Kever'd descendant of a royal line ! This noble merit, this bright act, was thine ; Thy native land from shades of nig-ht to free, And raise to power thy rescued monarchy. Yet I, the meanest of the Muse's train. Tune to thy deeds my feeble song- in vain ; No skill is mine, in tributary lays. To match with equal verse thy deathless praise; Pieas'd in this hope, alone the Bard can aim, Fir'd by his theme to meet one smile from Fame. Yet shall due honours thy renown declare ; She, who thy virtuous worth herself can share. She, on thy throne ordain'd like thee to shine. Whose steps in Honour's path keep pace with thine. Illustrious Catharine, shall I Ik; meed atl'ord, And deck thy memory with its just reward. NOTES. Verse 91. The foundation of the fortress named St. Petersburgh was laid on an island near the mouth of the Neva, covered with brushwood and swamps, the whole surrounding" country being- a complete morass ; and from the beginning has risen up, in the course of a hundred and thirty years, one of the most magni- ficent cities ii\ the world. Verse 112. In entering himself as a ship-carpenter in the dock-yard, Peter strictly adhered to the regula- tions under which his fellow-labourers worked, and was known, at his own request, by the name of Peter Tim- merman van Zaandam ; sometimes as Peter Baas, or Master Peter ; and, generally, when in Amsterdam, as Peter Michaelhoff. One day, either the great Duke of Marlborough, or the Earl of Portland (the narrator is doubtful which, as 17 both were known to have been at Zaand?m), came to the yard, and asked the Master to point out to him, unnoticed, the Czar amon^ the workmen, as he wished much to see him at work. A number of tlie men were ju.st then carrying- a large beam of wood close by the spot where Peter happened to be sitting* at the time. Having- shown tlie stranger tlie object of liis curiosity, the Master called out, " Peter Timmcrman, why don't you assist these men ?" Peter immediately rose up and obeyed, placed his shoulder under the log, and helped to carry it to its proper place. — Family Lihrnnj, vol. 35. The memory of Peter the Great, among his country- men, who ought to be the best judges, and of whom he was at once the scourge and the benefactor, is held in the highest veneration, and is consecrated in their history and their public monuments to everlasting fame. The magnificent equestrian statue, erected by Catharine the Second ; the waxen figure of Peter, in the Museum of the Academy founded by himself; the dress, the sword, and the hat, which he wore at the battle of Pultowa, the last pierced through with a ball ; the horse that he rode in that battle ; the trowsers, worsted stock- ings, shoes, and cap, which he wore at Zaandam, all in the same apartment ; his two favourite dogs, his turning-lathe, and tools, with specimen!* of his work- IS NOTES. manship ; the iron bar which he forged with his own hand at Olonitz ; the little Grandsire, so carefully preserved as the first g-erm of the Russian navy ; and the wooden hut in which he lived while superintending- the first foundation of Petersburg-h ; — these and a thou- sand other tangible memorials, all preserved with the utmost care, speak in most intelligible language the opinion which the Russians hold of The Father of his Coi;ntry. — Family Library, vol. 35. THE NILE. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN PRIZE POEM RECITED IN THE THEATllE AT OXFORD, A. D. 1799. D. J. WEBB, OF CORrUS CHRISTI COLLliGE. c 2 THE NILE. Whilst Albion's heroes, witli triumphal song-. Thy glorious praise, in Conquest's hour, prolong ; Whilst all her floods, illustrious Nile I to thee Of naval fame the noblest palm decree ; To deck the scene her tribute Isis pays. Where Albion's heroes won their fiiirest bays. Nor yet shall Isis to thine ancient coast That name deny her classic groves can boast ; Thou, favour'd Nile ! hast known, in days of yore, lMij)roving Arts adorn thy sacred shore ; Thou Wisdom's sons hast seen, in ages fled. Round Krror's path the light of Science spread ; 22 THE NILE. In times remote hast seen from Eg'j'pt's land The rays of Learning o'er the world expand. Here Thales first the Planet's course survey'd, Here first Pythagoras his school display 'd ; Here Plato's doctrine held divine control, And taught th' immortal Essence of the Soul : And here Mceonides awoke the lyre. Drew from the purest fount poetic fire ; Here Orpheus once, as fabling Bards have prov'd, By Music's spell the rocks and woods remov'd. Yet not alone thy name with praise we greet. That here the Muses fix'd their first retreat ; That here arose in Learning's infant age The matchless Poet, and enlighten'd Sage ; Majestic scenes th' applauding strain invite. And the wild grandeur of thy Torrent's might. Calm is thy stream nor clear for sight to trace, Where ceaseless storms Sacalian lands deface ; THE NILE. 28 But swelling waves, beneath the mountain rang-e Of Abyssinia, mark the wondrous chang-e ; With added forco th' increasing* tide proceeds, And sweeps resistless o'er Pelusian meads. What breathless awe, replete with bold delig-ht, The foamy torrents of thy stream excite, As bursting forth by Ethiopia's woods Round Elephantine roll thy stormy floods ; While rising peaks and barrier cliffs in vain The threat'ning terrors of thy course restrain. Nor less admir'd thy billowy waters roar In fearful wrath on fair Syenc's shore. Hurl to the ocean, with an earthquake's shock, The shatter'd fragments of her granite rock. Yet native tribes, by long experience bold, With dauntless heart thy raging waves behold : Oft, — while the traveller, in troubled mood, Views the light bark committed to thy flood. 24 THE NILE. Tlie rash attempt while shuddering thoughts upbraid, And mourn th' adventurer to death betray'd, — He from the gulf unharm'd shall rise, and moor His fragile shallop on the tranquil shore. An ampler stream, o'er whose expansive tide No bridge can reach, yet barks securely glide, Impell'd through Egypt's spacious realm surseys The splendid relics of her brighter days. Here flourish'd once, beneath propitious fates. The warlike City of the hundred gates ; Here, next in glory, Ptolemais shone ; In Chemmis here mysterious Pan was known ; Here rose of Hercules the sacred fane. And mighty Denderah o'erspread the plain. Where once Hermopolis her fame could boast. Where fair Antinoe decks the Eastern coast. Where mazy labyrinths, renown'd of old. The marble chambers of the dead unfold. THE Ml.K. 2^ Wliorc tlic tall Pyramid's crig-antic mound With massive burden loads ih' encumber'd ground ; Where wreck-clad Memphis lifts its ruin'd pile, Resistless sweep the waters of the Nile : Then, as the tide a winding- course pursues, Two parted streams illustrious Delta views ; And the deep flood o'er Libya's burning plain Through seven wide channels rushes to the main. Where'er it flows, the bounteous River yields Rrolitic moisture to the cultur'd fields ; With flowery herbag-e decks tlie verdant mead, And ripening harvest of th' implanted seed. When Summer's fervour cleaves the yawning ground. Beyond their banks the rising waves abound. Dirt'us'd afar their fostering dew supply. When sultry heavens the genial rain deny. Kxulting natives hail on either shore Tir unerring sign of Plenty's future store ; 26 THE NILE. Thy swelling- streams, productive Nile ! they own Of all her gifts the fruitful source alone. With solemn pomp, — (no holier usage reigns) — Assembling Tribes invoke thee to the plains ; And, — as the Turk, at custom's high command, Leads to the Prophet's shrine his suppliant band. Devoutly prays that, nourish'd by thine aid, Luxuriant crops may deck th* Egyptian glade, That teeming harvests to his chief may yield The copious tribute of the subject field, — Wav'd to the breeze the Crescent banners shine. And matchless splendour marks the rite divine. For not alone by genial moisture fed Earth's varied produce through the land is spread. But when o'erflowing waves the surface hide. And o'er the meadow rolls th' expansive tide, Enriching streams the thirsty soil imbibes. And twofold harvests bless th' Egyptian tribes. THE NILE. 27 Thus, when the merchant bears with trembling- haste His chosen treasures o'er the dreary waste, From fair Damascus bring-s th' abundant grain, Or silken vestures from Bassora's plain. Oft hath the lash, as pressing need demands. Urged the slow camels o'er the desert sands. To quaff the flood that wanders o'er the meads, Kre to its source the refluent tide recedes. What yearly impulse swells the fertile stream, Of doubtful source enlightened Sages deem : When from the North Etesian tempests blow. Some vainly judge th' increasing waves o'erflow ; Or from beneath the perforated ground That rising waters are diffus'd around. By these 'tis thought that spreading o'er the meads Nowise the flood its proper bounds exceeds ; Hut that, diminish'd by th' absorbing heat, To narrow banks at times the waves retreat. 28 THE NILE. Yet on the Nubian hills whoe'er have seen The g-athering clouds, o'ercharg-ed with rain, convene. Declare that hence the yearly floods arise. And Ag-atharsis deem correctly wise : He first the prodigy to light reveal'd. And search'd successful through the cause conceal'd. On sig-ns like these intent with anxious mind, ♦ The rustic tribes observe the changeful wind : Thus, when shrill Boreas curbs his angry gale. And southern breezes through the land prevail. No hope is theirs abundant streams to gain. Or reap luxuriant harvests from the plain ; But when the North, replete with storm, enshrouds All Abyssinia with impending* clouds, Tiien not in vain the husbandman implores O'erflowing waters, and prolific stores. Whate'er the cause, yet Custom hath supplied A certain index of the rising' tide ; THE NILE. 29 Midway between llie river's banks is placed A column tall, with lines transversely traced ; Not with the mystic characters that raise A people's wonder, as intent they g-aze, But such as simply mark the torrent's height, That chafes indignant at its bridled might. Then should the Mecias (such the column's name), Sunk to the view, the welcome sig-n proclaim. With joyous clamour to th' expectant meads From Cairo's walls the countless host proceeds ; Girt with attendant pomp the Chief presides. And forms a passage for th' impatient tides : Thrice with his golden rod he smites the ground, Hurls from its base the altar's hallow'd mound ; Swift rush the waters to their destin'd goal, And through each trench their headlong torrerits roll. Exulting thousands hail the spreading lake. Whilst all o'erjoy'd in festive scenes partake : 30 THE NILE. Some the light shallops from the bank unmoor. And ply to music's notes th' according- oar ; These on the waves in painted barks carouse, With lamps and flowers these deck their gaudy prows ; Some through the night (for there no darkness reigns. No mist obscure the lunar orb profanes) The gladsome dance on verdant turf prolong. And raise to guardian Powers the votive song. No plaints funereal now to Heaven arise, No more are heard the victim's dying cries ; No trembling Maid, th' unholy rite to grace, In parting hour receives her Sire's embrace. Greets her fond brother, death itself in view. And sister virgins, with a last adieu ; No ardent youth invokes the Priest in vain. Calls on his spouse betroih'd in frantic strain. And madly plunging in the gulf beneath Seals the pure vows of faithful love in death. THE NILE. 31 Tliis praise at least is thine, tliis well-earnM meed, I'nwise believer in Mohammed's creed ! That in each year no more tlie rising- wave Of liuman victims forms th' unhallow'd ^rave ; Far worthier g'ifts repay the boon that yields Luxuriant harvests to Pelusian fields. Such are the joys through queenly Venice spread. When her proud Lord the Adrian deep hath wed ; Such annual pag-eants mark the keen delight, That spring's unbounded from the nuptial rite, Such the loud shout the circling- air that rends, As to the wave the sacred Ring descends. But not alone upon his niarg-in g-reen Ilath Nile beheld his tribes in peace convene . Foul Superstition, that for bloodless feasts In snow-white vestments robes her mystic priests. Can arm, obedient to her dire command. For deathful horrors her devoted band. 32 THE NILE. Oh ! not alone within th' E^ptian fane Suffic'd one soUtary victim slain ; Too poor a boon the scanty offering grants. For ampler prey the fiend insatiate pants : How sad the scene ! o'er mangled heaps afar In frantic glee she sped her blood-stain'd car ; Surrounding corses oft her wheels delay'd, And streams of gore the monster's path betray'd. For this, where Delos by the watery bed Of rising Nile her cloud-capt towers hath spread, To quell the Moslem's persecuting rage In holy league united bands engage, Perils and toils at Glory's call defy, And dare in Faith's ennobling cause to die. Foremost of all, in glittering steel array 'd, Lo ! English Richard draws the vengeful blade ; On every side the Turk, in wild alarm. Flies from the lion-hearted Warrior's arm : THE NILE. 33 While foes that vainly have his lance withstood Are floating lifeless down th' ensangiiin'd flood. And thou, bright Star of Gaul's illustrious line, No less wert seen in glory's ranks to shine, Brave, virtuous Louis ! at thy name prepar'd A rival's hatred freely to discard, Each generous Briton to thy memory pays His earnest tribute of unmingled praise. 'Twas thine, arous'd in true Religion's aid, Through savage lands to preach the bold crusade ; Twas thine, a band of valorous knights to lead, Fearless of ills, when Heaven approves the deed ; By Plague, by Famine, oft assail'd in vain, And the wild warfare of a lawless train. Through Syrian tents a strange alarm they si)road. And at their sight the dark barbarian fled. Such was the Race, with impious crimes un^taiud. That Gaul of old, the Nurse of Heroes, train'd ; n 34 THE NILE. But now her sons, of blissful peace the foes. With restless fury vex the world's repose. Law's social compacts trample in the dust. In bold derision of the wise and just. Their Saviour's cross with open scorn revile, x\nd e'en their Maker's holy fane defile. Yet sleeps not veng-eance : — at retiring- day, While their fleet harbours in Aboukir's bay. Vainly the foe possess with fancied might The guarded haven, wrapt in shades of night ; Surrounding darkness veils their ships in vain. Nor grants the Port more safety than the Main. Fix'd is their fate : lo ! strong in heavenly aid, Britannia's host the river's mouth invade ; The strife begins ; — along th' affrighted shore The vollied thunders of destruction roar ; And swiftly, 'mid the smoke's ascending wreath Flash the red li^htnin^s of resistless death : THE NILE. 35 What sudden terrors through the land are known ! E'en Pharos trembles from its lowest stone ; E'en now the crocodile, his prey forgot, Seeks in the deepest gulf a safer lot ; Far flies the Ibis, in perdition's hour. And hides unconscious of his worshipp'd power. See ! from th' adjoining coast, diffusely bright. Victorious signal — shines the beacon light ; On every side the countless torches gleam. And pour their splendour on the glassy stream ; Triumphant Nile beholds th' auspicious flame. And hails an omen of increasing fame. And thou, fair land ! in arts and arms renown 'd, Whose outstretch'd sceptre rules the vast profound. Whilst far and near thy fleets unconquer'd glide In course majestic o'er the subject tide, Oh ! whilst thy thunders sweep the distant seas. And awe-struck nations bow to thy decrees, D L> 36 THE NILE. Ne'er let thy sons o'erlook, with pride elate, The Power Supreme that sways alone their fate. Withhold from Heaven, that spies out all their ways, Their pure, spontaneous, and unceasing* praise. The time may come, when e'en the turban'd host, Whose tents are spread by Nile's abounding* coast, Reft of their promis'd hopes, in high disdain. Shall leave at last the Prophet's useless fane. Bow to the Cross, and own with latest breath Jehovah's mighty works, and Christ's atoning death. The time may come ; — for oh ! this favour'd land Confest of old her God's avenging hand; Here was of old th' Almighty presence known, Here aid divine to Zion's people shown. O could the Muse th' aspiring theme adorn. Tell o'er the waves how Israel's tribes were borne ; How parted billows form'd on either side A wondrous rampart ; how the refluent tide, THE NILE. 37 When Pharaoh's train the cliosen race pursued. In watery graves their haughty files subdued ! Heaven's fatal wrath too powerless to restrain, The boastful Magi pour'd their spells in vain. To nobler lyres these sacred themes belong, These acts divine demand sublimer song : Enough for me, in humbler strains to show What fertile meads the waves of Nile o'erflow ; The realms belov'd of English Bards to sing, Where earliest Learning spread her infant wing. NOTES. Verse 29. The different appearances which the Nile exhibits in its course are beautifully described by Lucan, and are thus not unskilfully translated by Rowe : — ' Who that beholds thee, Nile ! thus gently flow, With scarce a wrinkle on thy glassy brow, Can guess thy rage when rocks resist thy force. And hurl thee headlong in thy downward course ; Wlien sporting cataracts thy torrent pour. And nations tremble at the deafening roar ; When thy proud waves with indignation rise, And dash their foamy fur>' to the skies !" \erse .57. A better idea of the magnificence and NOTES. 39 extent of Thebes cannot perhaps be ^riven than by the following lines translated from Homer: — ' Not all proud Thebes' unrivall'd walls contain. The world's great empress on th' Egyptian plain, That spreads her conquests o'er a thousand states, And pours her heroes through a hundred gates ; Two hundred horsemen, and two hundred cars. From each wide portal issuing to the wars." Pope. Verse 65. The famous labyrinth of Egypt was in- tended for the burial-place of Kings, and to comme- morate the actions of their reign. According to the account of Herodotus, this edifice contained three thousand chambers, fifteen hundred in the upper part, and the same number below. Verse 67. " Instead of useful works, like Nature, great, Enormous cruel wonders crush'd the land, And round a tyrant's tonih, who none deserv'd. For one vile carcase perish'd countless lives." Thomson. 40 >:OTES. Verse 80. It is impossible to find anywhere among terrestrial objects a more striking instance of the sta- bility of the laws of nature, than the periodical rise and fall of this mig-hty river. The inundations of the Nile are so regular, that the inhabitants of Lower Egypt look for its arrival with the same degree of confidence as if the blessings which it brings along with it depended upon causes within their own control. Verse 113. The following account of the Etesian winds is given by Pliny ; in the hottest part of the .summer the dog-star rises ; this is usually the fifteenth day preceding the calends of August, when the sun enters Leo. About eight days previously the north- east winds rise, which the Greeks call Prodromi, or forerunners ; about two days afterwards these winds increase in force, and continue for the space of forty days ; these are called the Etesian winds. Verse 122. This source of fertility to Egypt depends exclusively upon the periodical rains which drench the table-land of Abyssinia, and the mountainous country which stretches from it towards the south and west. NOTES. 41 Tlie ancients, some of wliom, indeed, entertained very absurd notions respecting; the cause of this pheno- menon, were generally in the right as to its physical oriofin — expressing their belief tliat the annual over- flow of the Nile was closely connected with the climate of Ethiopia, that receptacle of clouds and vapour. Plutarch states most distinctly, that the increase of the Egyptian river is owing to the rains which fall in Abyssinia. Even the Arabs had arrived at the same conclusion long before any European found his way into the countrv. Verse 138. The Mecias or Nilometer is built at one extremity of the island of Raonda, and the column to mark the progress of the inundation is erected in the centre of a low chamber, the walls of which are exceedingly solid, and the foundation on a level with the bed of the river. Officers are appointed to exa- mine the gradual rise of the water, proclamation of which is daily made by the public criers in the streets of Cairo. The festival of opening the Calige, or cut- ting the bank of the Nile, is still annually observed there, and is one of the few ancient customs which continue to identify the inhabitants of the modern capital with their remotest ancestors. 42 NOTES. Verse 165. A tradition prevails that, ,in ancient times, a virgin was annually sacrificed to the Nile, in order to propitiate the Deity who presided over its waters, and who it was imagined, with the view of obtaining- the wonted victim, occasionally postponed or diminished the periodical flood. This barbarous devotion was abolished, according to the Arabian his- torians, by the Caliph Omar. THE SIEGE OF CxIBRALTAR. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN PRIZE POEM RECITED IN THE THEATRE AT OXFORD, A. D. 1799. BV WILLIAM LISLE BOWLES, OF TRINITY COLI.KGK; AFTERWARDS CANON OF SALISBURY. THE SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. Long had proud Gaul her baffled art confest, Her squadrons routed, and her hopes represt; In vain her fleets, on every tide display 'd. Indignant Neptune's azure realm invade; O'er the blue Deep, allied with Gaul, in vain Sweep the bold galleys of confederate Spain ; — Firm and uninjur'd, thou survey'st afar, Majestic Calpe ! their innoxious war. Celestial Freedom ! whose pervading flame The high-born soul inspires with noblest aim, And, Valour, thou ! when patriot cares implore, Th' unshaken Bulwark of thv native shore, — 46 SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. Oh ! if to you the narrow straits be known, The rocky pass where Greece triumphant shone, If still the dauntless warriors ye revere, And Sparta's self-devoted host be dear. When, as the Persian all his might array 'd. They scorn'd to yield, or sheathe th' avenging blade, — In equal peril 'mid these close defiles Behold your Britons with approving smiles ! And oh ! if worthy of your aid ye deem The youthful bard, inspire his glowing theme ; In loftier measure bid the Muse declare Th' unwonted horrors of besieging war. Full on the sight, in towering splendour bold. Bursts the tall rock, renown'd in fame of old. Frowns o'er the Deep in pride of strength, and reigns Sole mighty guardian of the rear-ward plains ; From Afric's coast a narrow gulf divides. Defensive barrier to th' encroaching tides. SIEGE OF (ilUUALTAR. 47 Behind the steep, nor far from si^ht conceal'd, Spain's haughty legions till th' extended field ; And gaze, whilst envy tortures every breast, On the strong fastness not by them possest : Yes — from their realm the rock withheld they mourn ; E'en now on high their threat'ning flair is borne. That, o'er yon mountain hold if sway she gain, Surrounding seas may own triumphant Spain, And barks, endanger'd by the foe no more, May bear to Cadiz their Peruvian store. Thus when, long harass'd by contending might, Enfeebled Britain scarce sustains the fight, Spain's hostile race the wish'd-for post invade. And Gaul too willing lends united aid, Impatient here to strike th' avenging blow. And wrest the ocean-sceptre from their foe : — Love for their country stirs the daring aim, And bitter memory of their former shame. 48 SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. On every side combine tlie countless hosts, From Spain's green hills and Gaul's adjoining coasts; Eager they quit, intent on fierce designs. Their native valleys and paternal vines : Round Calpe's rock behold their bands array'd. And War's red ensign on the waves display'd ! Where for th' invaded few can hope be found ? Unnumber'd foes their craggy steep surround ; Terrific death in direst form is there, With hideous mien, and blood-besprinkled hair : And oft in vain is famine's look renew'd In silent agony for scanty food. Yet did not perils or impending fate The firm resolve of Britain's chief abate : Fix'd is his soul death's varied shapes to brave. His presence stills the tumult's raging wave ; In every toil he bears a soldier's part. And his calm courage strengthens every heart. SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. 49 But Gaul, long baffled in her aiin, prepares With boundless rage the battle's deadly snares ; Pernicious arts her furious bands provide. And the tall battery floats upon the tide : Thus, while the ^helterinpf towers from sight enclose. Secure they breathe defiance to their foes, Hurl with impunity, in veng-eful ire. The vollied thunders and the missile fire. The work proceeds ; and, fill'd with fatal wrath. The ponderous engine ploughs the ocean-path : Not such the terrors or destructive power Of Grecian fraud in Troy's expiring hour, When o'er the sad devoted City rose The giant monster crowded with her foes. Thrice hapless Troy — oh ! hadst thou known of yore A chief like him whom Calpe's rocks adore. Long hadst thou flourisli'd in the bliss of peace, Nor had thy fall repaid the wrongs of Greece. 50 SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. Calmly the Chief with dauntless heart descried Th' unwonted burden that profan'd the tide ; And, as advancing o'er the waves it rode, With high-born thoughts his soul indignant glow'd. While secret hopes within his bosom rose Of nobler triumph o'er his crafty foes : " Ye rocks," he cries, in conscious virtue bold, " And thou, dread genius of this mountain-hold ! " Ye Powers that deep within this earth abide, " Or rest unseen beneath yon azure tide, " Bless with your aid one daring act, and deign " Unchafd to mark th' invasion of your reign. " Ye, too, Companions of my toils and care, " One common peril doom'd with me to share, " Oh ! if respect for ancestry be yours, " If still aflfection for your Sires endures, " Now bring to mind the mighty deeds of old, " Now in one last attempt be firm, be bold ! " SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. He spoke — he rous'd each manly breast — afar Was heard the clash of arms, the din of war : No fears ih' advancing battery could impart, Nor Death's pale image shake tiie Patriot's heart : Dire was the strife ; — redoubled thunders roar'd, And fire-fraught shells their sad destruction pour'd. Blest light of Day I that with thine early dews 'Mid other realms could'st every joy diffuse. What scenes of blood did here thy rays behold, Wliat griefs did liere thy rising beams unfold ! Yet still thy dawn, 'mid Gallia's tranquil \ales. With gladden'd heart full many a parent hails ; Thinks of her absent son, and fondly cries, " E'en now for him the shouts of triumph rise, " Now on his brow the laurel wreaths are bound, " Now shines the youth in lastinjr fame renown'd." Vain hope — no more can rural charms delii:-lit The eye that sleeps in death's eternal night ; E 2 51 52 SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. No peaceful home again for him can smile. No mother's love a painful hour beguile. Nor shepherd's reed awake for him again The woodland echoes of his native plain. Night o'er the waves had cast her murky shade. Yet was not then the work of death delay'd ; Still swiftly darting through th' o'erclouded sky Bursts the red flash of loud artillery ; And, as some bark the missile fires ignite, O'er the dark ocean beams the track of light. 'Mid the dire conflict, foremost and serene. The fearless Chief of Albion's bands is seen ; From the tall rock, in glittering arras, afar With kindling eye he marks the midnight war. And, like th' Olympian, in imperial state. Guides the dread bolts and holds the reins of fate. On Afric's coast were heard at dead of night The vollied thunders of that awful fight ; SIEGE OF GIBRALTAK. 53 ScarM at the sound the fierce liya^na tliero Crouch'd with mute terror in his mountain lair. Lost hope for Gaul ! o'erwhelm'd by flames, in vain These valiant bands her batfled cause maintain ; These dash'd on rocks, or strug-gling- in the deep, Sink in sad torments to eternal sleep. Oft as, exhausted in the desperate strife. Some drowning" victim feebly sues for life. His aid the Chief, if aid may yet restore, N'lelds to his foe, e'en now a foe no more ; Slowly life's fleeting current is renew'd, \nd the wan cheek is flush'd with gratitude. ^■(' Rocks imperishably rais'd on high, ^ay, — when Alcides to your coast drew nigh, \iiil here, from toils and wanderings past reliev'd, Ivear'd the tall pillars that his name receiv'd, — Say, when proud Caesar through your straits convey'.! His warrior bands in glittering arms array'd. 54 SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. Say, — for ye witness'd 'mid the gloom of night Britannia's triumph, Gaul's despair and flight, — Did Victory e'er a nobler cause reward. Were juster claims to right and peace restor'd. Than late, when Albion's martial Chief defied Assailant foes, in steadfast league allied. And from your citadel o'erlook'd the main Strew'd with the wrecks of France, the tatter'd flags of Spain ? And thou, my Country ! Isle of glory, hail ! Oh ! could a Patriot's anxious love prevail. Safe from the perils that around thee press. Soon should'st thou share unchequer'd happiness ; And, as thy foes in captive chains were bound. Rise still more strengthen'd from each harmless wound. Nor vain the hope ; — e'en now the Muse foresees Long years of bliss, by favouring Heaven's decrees ; SIEGE OF GIBRALTAR. 55 E'en now Columbia's bold aspiring race Their parent Britain clasp in firm embrace ! While to thy sway the subject Ocean yields Recover'd empire o'er his azure fields, And grants, where'er thy Banner flies unfurl'd. The plenteous commerce of a distant world. Hail, from each peril sav'd, illustrious Isle ! Long- on thy sons may Fame untarnish'd smile ; And fiend-like Discord, while the Waves shall pour Their wrath in vain on Calpe's rock-girt shore. Fail at thy hearths to light her fatal brand, Or spread her shadow o'er thy favour'd land ! NOTES. Verse 55 et seq. &c. The bombardment of Gib- raltar continued day and night, almost incessantly, for three weeks, in every twenty-four hours of which 100,000 lbs. of gunpowder were used, and between four and five thousand shot and shells went through the town. It then slackened ; but was not intermitted for one whole day for upwards of twelve months. The fatigues of the garrison were extreme. The Town itself was nearly destroyed ; and such of the inhabit- ants as were not buried in the ruins of their houses, or torn to pieces by the shells, fled to the most remote parts of the rock ; but destruction followed them to places which had always been deemed secure. No scene could be more deplorable. Mothers and children, clasped in each other's arms, were so com- pletely torn to pieces, that it seemed more like an NOTES. 57 annihilation of their shattered fragrients, than a dis- persion of them ; and even ladies of the greatest sen- sibility and most dehcate constitution, deemed them- selves happy to be admitted to a few hours of repose in the barracks, amidst the noise of a crowded sol- diery, and the groans of the wounded and dying. At the first onset, General Elliot, the Governor, retorted on the besiegers a shower of fire ; but, foreseeing the difficulty of procuring supplies, he soon retrenched, and received, with comparative unconcern, the fury and violence of his adversaries In this juncture, when all Europe was in suspense concerning the fate of the garrison, and when, from the prodigious efforts made for its reduction, many believed that it could not hold out much longer, a sally was projected and exe- cuted, which, in about two hours, destroyed those works that had required so much time, labour, and skill, to accomplish. A body of 2000 men, under General Ross, made an attack, under cover of the night, on the exterior front of their lines, when the Spaniards gave way on every side. Their magazines and works were blown up, their cannon spiked, and all demolished, with an inconsiderable loss in the de- tachment which accomplislied the destruction. This unexpected event disconcerted the besiegers ; but they 58 NOTES. soon recovered from their alarm, and, with a perse- verance peculiar to their nation, determined to prose- cute the sie^e, more particularly as the reduction of Minorca had inspired them with fresh motives to exer- cise their indefatigable ardour and perseverance. Verse 70. From the failure of all the plans hitherto adopted for efFecting" the reduction of Gibraltar, it was resolved to adopt new ones : and among the various projects for this purpose, one, which had been formed by the Chevalier d'Arcon, was deemed the most worthy of trial. This was to construct such floating* batteries as could neither be sunk nor fired ; with this view their bottoms were made of the thickest timber, and their sides of wood and cork long soaked in water, with a large layer of wet sand between. To prevent the effect of red-hot balls, a number of pipes were contrived to carry water through every part of them, and pumps were provided to keep these constantly supplied with water. The people on board were to be sheltered from the fall of bombs by a cover of rope-netting, which was made sloping, and overlaid with wet hides. These floating batteries, ten in number, were made out of the keels of large vessels cut down for the pur- NOTES. 59 pose, and carried from ten to twenty- eio:ht guns each, were seconded by eighty large boats, mounted with guns of heavy metal, and also by a host of frigates, ships of force, and some hundreds of small craft. Verse 125, &c.— 141, &c. The Spanish floatmg batteries, for some time, answered the expectations of their framers ; for the heaviest shells often rebounded from their tops, while thirty-two-pound shot made no visible impression upon their hulls. For some hours the attack and defence were so well conducted and equally supported, as to admit no appearance of supe- riority on either side. The construction of the bat- terinic-ships was so well calculated for withstanding the combined force of tire and artillery, that they seemed for some time t(j bid defiance to the powers of the heaviest ordnance. In the afternoon, however, the effects of red-hot shot became visible. At first there was only an appearance of smoke ; but in the' course of the night, after the garrison had continued firing fifteen hours, two of the floating-batteries were in flames, and several more were beginning to kindle. The opening of daylight disclosed a most dreadful spectacle. Many were seen in the midst of the flames 60 NOTES. crying- out for help, while others were floating upon pieces of timber, exposed to equal danger from the opposite element ; but the generous humanity of the victors equalled their valour, and was the more honour- able, as the exertions of it exposed them to no less danger than those of active hostility. In endeavour- ing to save the lives of his enemies. Captain Curtis nearly lost his own ; while, for the most benevolent purpose, he was alongside the floating-batteries, one of them blew up, and sunk his boat ; but he fortu- nately escaped to land upon some fragments of the wreck. By similar perilous exertions, nearly four hun- dred men were saved from destruction. The exercise of humanity to an enemy under such circumstances of immediate action and impending danger, conferred more true honour than could be acquired by the most splendid series of victories. HERCULANEUM. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN ODE RECITED IN THE SENATE HOUSE AT CAMBRIDGE, A. D. \ni. BY THOMAS GISBORNE, OF ST. John's college. HERCULANEUM. Where had thy ling-ering steps delay'd, Why distant was thy guardian aid, Monarch ! wliom Votaries deem'd divine At Herculaneum's holy shrine ? Why to tir impetuous storm's career Didst thou, dread Genius, close thine ear. And from destruction's yawning grave Thy menac'd City fail to save ? Where slept thy giant might, when first O'er thy lov'd walls the tempest burst; When first Vesuvius far and wide Pour'd the red lava's burning tide, 64 HERCULAXEUM. And earth with fearful shock was rent Beneath the o'erwhelming element ? In vain presaging- fate's award. The Augur's prayer thy help implor'd ; With rites divine the Priest in vain Heap'd added incense on thy fane. Ag-es have sped their silent flight. Since the proud City sank in night, Since Herculaneum's towers were doom'd To lie in ruin's gulf entomb'd : But now a fairer day hath beam'd ; Now, from Oblivion's womb redeem'd, Behold recall'd to light and fame The glories of her ancient name ! Burst thy dark barriers. Earth ! expose Thy buried wealth, thy depths unclose ; Too long within thy lap conceal'd. Be now thy sacred stores reveal'd ! HERCULANBUM 65 'Tis done :— Shall Tartarus alarm, Unravell'd by Thessalian charm ? Shall Spectres pale in wild aftri^ht Start at the day's unwonted light ? No — from encircling' ashes clear'd, E'en by Volcanic rag-e rever'd. Again before admiring eyes Behold a mighty City rise ! Deck'd in their ancient pride behold Man's desert halls their gates unfold ; See, long by mortal step untrod, The temples of each heathen God. Yet who shall tell what awe profound, What chilling horror, reigns around, As heavily each portal guard Moves on its creaking hinge unbarr'd. And human accents wake again The slumbering Echo's mournful strain ? G6 HERCULANKUM. Still o'er destructive ag-e can smile Unharm'd the Drama's honour'd pile ; Triumphant still o'er time, on high Its marble columns pierce the sky : But where hath each spectator fled ? Oh ! where are now the hope and dread. That rul'd by turns the anxious breast. In every speaking eye confest? Why is the bold Tragedian mute. And silent the melodious lute ? Death long hath seized the countless throng. The Muse's lyre hath slumber'd long ; Long hath applause been here unknown. And banish'd Laughter's merry tone. Look on those spacious baths ; yet there No more assembling crowds repair In social talk ; still brightly gleams The gilded roof, still cedar beams HKRCULANEUM. 67 Adorn the structure ; still we own The towering" shaft of Parian stone ; Vet 'mid the marble's empty caves Hygeia mourns her absent waves. O lead me where the eye may dwell On forms, by Sculpture's magic spell Redeem'd from death ; where still can frown, Enwreath'd with conquest's laurel crown. The Chief, whose arms of sinewy mould The frag-ment of a rock uphold. And from the meteors of whose eye A routed legion seems to fly. Works of the olden-time we trace. Relics of Grecian art and grace ; Marble and ivory proclaim Alike Italian skill and fame. Here manly beauty decks the brow, Here dimpled cheeks delight avow ; ¥ 2 68 HERCULANEUM. And o'er the gentle features steal The rays that sportive Love reveal ; There deep solicitude is seen. And silent griefs undoubted mien ; Fix'd is the eye, and in the breast Some hidden sorrow seems represt. Nor yet hath envious age defac'd The breathing forms that Zeuxis trac'd ; Surviving still Time's awful doom, The colours of Parrhasius bloom. Sketch'd on the 'wall with skilful care, The pencill'd figure still is there ; Preserving still its glowing hue. Each faultless limb attracts the view; Still deck'd in smiles each feature seems. Still darts the eye its sparkling beams. And ye, amidst the wreck secur'd. Too long in darkest night immur'd, HERCIJLANKUM. 6'J That kindlier fates to light restore. Hail ! sacred mines of classic lore. Hail, rescued volumes! though the strain Of Horace lives not here again. Though vainly may the Muse desire The thunders of a Virgil's lyre ; Yet may perchance new Bards ari'^e. Where Herculaneum huried lies ; Some new Catullus prove his heart The prey of Love's envenom 'd dart : There may some new Propertius tell The wily God's o'erpowering spell, And in sweet plaintive measure mourn The beauteous Nymph's unbending scorn. NOTES. Verse 19. Herculaneum was destroyed by an erup- tion of Mount Vesuvius, in the first year of the reign of Titus, A. D. 79. Pompeii, which stood near, shared the same fate. After being- buried under the lava for more than sixteen centuries, these cities were acci- dentally discovered; Herculaneum in 1713, by la- bourers dig-g-ing for a well, and Pompeii, forty years afterwards. It appears that Herculaneum is in no part less than 70 feet, and in some places 112 feet below the surface of the ground, w^hile Pompeii is buried at the depth of only 10 or 12 feet. Verse 71. The valuable remains of antiquity, statues, busts, pictures, &c., which have been re- covered from the ruins of this ancient city, are all 71 preserved at Portici. and form tlic most curious nui>eum in the world. N'erse 10.'). " Tlie most remarkable objects in tlie Museum at Portici are the manuscripts found in two chambers of a liouse at Herculaneum. The person who has the direction of unfolding them by no means despairs of deciphering all the six hundred manu- scripts still extant; and does not doubt of finding: a Menander and an Ennius, as he flatters himself with having' already discovered a Polybius," ^c. — Kutzcbue. MALTA SURRENDERED TO THE BRITISH. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN ODE RECITED LN THE SENATE HOUSE AT CAMBRIDGE, A. D. 180L Tm: Hon. V. ROBINSON, OF ST. John's collkgk ; AriKRWARDS CHANCELLOR OK THK KXCHKQl I.K, stCRK TARY OK STATE FOR THK COLONIES, &C. &C., AND FIRST EARL OK RIl'ON. MALTA SURRENDERED TO THE BRITISH, Hush'd be the voice of grief; no more ller vain complaint let Sorrow pour ; And in Tartarian shades of night Let Faction hide from mortal sight ! Raise, Sons of Britain ! raise on high The joyous shout of Victory ; Let earth's remotest realms prolong The echoes of your festal song ! Triumphant race — where ocean roars Midway between opposing shores, Where Malta lifts above the deep In towery pride her craggy steep, 76 MALTA SURRENDERED By glory led, nor led in vain. Your gallant navies sweep the main ; And, by the breath of Conquest fann'd. Your banners to the gale expand, P'air Virtue on this favour'd isle Was wont in earlier days to smile ; And Freedom here, in ages flown. Upheld her fame and fix'd her throne : Here, like the glorious orb of day, Religion pour'd her cheerful ray ; Through every change of fortune bright. Still own'd the heart her beacon light • This bulwark of the Christian breast The Moslem chief of old confest. When, at each fresh defeat inflam'd. Rekindled war his wrath proclaim'd With bitter vow : — " Tis fix'd," he said, " And Malta shall in dust be laid ; TO THE URITISH. 77 " Her ancient name, her knightly power, • Shall perish with each blazing- tower. " Rise, warrior tribes ! our foe no more •' Shall dye the seas with Turkish gore ; " No more in triumph o'er our loss " Shall wave the standard of the Cross : " Rise — let not Vengeance still delay — " Nor let the Prophet's eye survey ' (O vile disgrace and grievous sight !) ' His faithful race dispers'd in flight." He spoke : — again his vessels ui^e Their course amid the foaming surge ; Resounding oars disturb the seas. And sails outspreading court the breeze. How vain, — as Malta's cloud-capt height Burst on the Moslem's eager sight. How vain to her advancing foes The hope of future conquest rose I 78 MALTA SURRENDERED Illustrious isle— th' approaching feud. The Crescent beams, afar she view'd. And mark'd, more firm in peril's hour, The proud array of hostile power ; Undaunted mark'd ; — thus, pois'd on high, The Eagle soars in majesty. And heedless, from his realm serene. Of warring clouds beholds the scene. Peerless amid the patriot bands Above the rest Valetta stands ; And as th' invading fleet appears. The emblem of their faith he rears ; Secure of triumph to their cause, His glittering blade the Chieftain draws. Himself a host ; if doubt infest, He fires and strengthens every breast ; " Lift to the Cross your reverent eyes, " And Heaven be your defence \" he cries. TO TUP. nRiT:-,i. 79 Fled is the foe ; its native bcarh Scarce can one frag^ile vessel reach , The tale disastrous to proclaim, Of Solyman's o'erwhelming shame. Oil I how unlike her sires of yore The race that later ages bore, When Malta fell without a blow, The victim of her Gallic foe ! Sad was Valetta's wandering shade. That haunted still the wonted g-lade, Whilst impious hosts profanely trod Oer many a hero's funeral sod. But now, fair I>:le ! shall bliss be thine A brighter sun for thee shall shine ; Peace to thy shores again be known. And Glory there resume her throne. Avenging Albion from thy land Hath swept th' invader's hostile band ; 80 MALTA SURRENDERED TO THE BRITISH. And whilst the Ocean-Queen shall boast Her mild dominion o'er thy coast. Freedom her fostering sway shall own. And Piety uphold her throne. Beneath her guardian care again Shall Malta rear the sacred fane, Prevail o'er baffled foes, and raise Fresh monuments of deathless praise. NOTES. Verse 58. The last important attack whicli Malta experienced from the Turks was made by the Emperor •^oiyman in 1565; when greater firmness, bravery. Hid activity, could not be displayed, than were exhi- bited by the knig-hts under their grand master, John (le la Valette. This intrepid warrior was wounded in the breach; when some of his friends wished him to retire, he replied, "At seventy-one, can I finish my life more srloriously than hydyin^-wiih my brethren ?" The Turks being repulsed, withdrew in the utmost onfusion, never again to appear on that laiul which liad been deluged with their blood ; and I^:i Valette, on the principal emplacement, the scene of his irlory. built a town, which was called after his nauic DELIVERANCE OF PORTUGAL. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN ODE RECITED IN THE SENATE HOUSE AT CAMBRIDGE, A. D. 180y. JOHN LONSDALE, SCHOLAR OF KING's COLLEGE, AND BATTIE's university SCHOLAR. o 2 THE DELIVERANCE OF PORTUGAL. " Blow, g:ently blow, i)ropitious breeze! And ye ! fair rulers of the seas. Who deck with coral wreaths cntwin'd Your tresses, flowing to the wind. Whose cars, from mortal eye conceal'd, Sweep o'er the Ocean's azure field, Grant, favouring- nymphs ! tliese barks to g-lide Securely o'er your tranquil tide! And ye, whose hearts no fears assail, Unyieldinp: sons of Albion, hail! Go — Lusitania's cause embrace. And rescue her unhappy race ! 86 THE DELIVERANCE OF PORTUGAL. Unfurl'd e'en now on yonder seas. Thy standard, Albion ! courts the breeze ; E'en now, proud despot ! in dismay Thy bands retreating quit the prey." Thus, as upon the busy strand. The scene celestial freedom scann'd. Her bright locks streaming in the air, Th' impassion'd Goddess breath'd her prayer While Britain's eager sons unmoor Their barks to seek th' Hesperian shore. And wave their vengeful swords on high To burst the chains of Tyranny. Fill'd with the Muse's fire, too well I hear the thunder's awful knell ; And, flashing on my troubled sight. Beam the red lightnings of the fight. 'Tis done — o'erthrown the Gallic band — Who, who can Freedom's cause withstand ? THE DKLIVF.RAMK OF PORTLliAL. 87 Onward, victorious Iiost ! o'erwhclm Th' invader of thy sister realm ! Go — boast in vain. Ambition's slave ! The ducal name Abrantes ^ave ; — Boast, mighty Chief ! thy spoils of yore ; — Thy past renown avails no more. But why, in silence strang'e and deep, Must battle's storm so quickly sleep 'f What ills doth sudden calm presage. Why ceases War's avenging rage ? Alas ! the patriot's angry mind Laments the base Convention sign'd ; And vanquish'd now the Victor yields The trophies of his glorious fields. Such is thy triumph, Gaul ! the hour Is past of Albion's martial power ; Vain is her valorous might, o'eraw'd By secret wiles and abject fraud. 88 THE DELIVERANCE OF PORTUGAL. Be such the triumph, Gaul ! for thee ; Yet Lusitania's realm is free ; Her chains are rent — thy legions fled ; And joy through all her vallies spread. And bear'st thou to thy native Seine From fair Iberia's ravag'd plain. From Tajo's banks, the wealthy store, Seiz'd 'mid a people's tears and gore 't Shall Paris, in each splendid hall. Thy plunder boast, insulting Gaul ? No — deem not thus the wolf, at bay, Retreats in terror from his prey ; Nor thus, in War's o'erwhe'ming reign. The eyes of Justice watch in vain. Raise, Lusitanians ! rai&e on high The Paeon shout of Liberty ! Your wonted sports, fair maids ! resume ; Lo ! brighter suns your path illume ; THE DELIVERANCE OF POKTlCiAI-. S9 Lo ! favouring gales, at Heaven's conunand. Have swept tlic locusts from your land ; \nd. shrouded by the veil of niirht, rhe Spoiler far pursues his flight. Oh I that the bard, to Lusia dear,* Coukl leave awhile yon starry sphere. Bright mansion of the minstrel host, \nd view again his native coast ! Oh ! that ?gain with patriot fire His daring hand could sweep the lyre, The baffled Tyrant's flight proclaim, And all his country's rising fame ! But thou ! Braganza's noble heir, Too proud th' Usurper's rule to bear. Illustrious exile to the shores, Where Freedom still her blessing pours, — ♦ Camoens. 90 THE DELIVERANCE OF PORTUGAL. What joy again shall fill thy breast. To know thy country's wrongs redrest ; To know, when Fame on fleetest wing The tidings to thine ear shall bring. That o'er thy native land no more The tempests of oppression roar ! And hope, Iberia ! dawns for thee ; Soon shall thy suifering race be free ; Soon of the thousand chains that gall Shall high-born valour burst the thrall. 'Tis not a dream — e'en now behold The Austrian in thy cause enroll'd ; And gallant Charles the Danube's flood Hath dyed with France's dearest blood. Where blood hath flow'd shall blood be shed Now is the feast of Vengeance spread ; Europe her peace restor'd shall own. And hurl the tyrant from his throne. THK nKLIVKRANTK OF rORTinAL. 91 Kuropc shall triumph: — then, for thee. When hajipicr days fair earth shall see. When throus^h the world each rightful heir His crown usurp'd again shall wear,) Illustrious exile ! through thy land For thee shall rise the duteous hand, With ardour for their King shall burn. And hail with joy thy blest return ; And in thy grasp exulting place The sceptre of thine ancient race. ALEXANDER AT THE TOMB OF ACHILLES. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN PRIZE POEM RECITED IN THE THEATRE AT OXFORD, AD. 18L^ HKNRY HART MILMAX, Bras. N. Coll aktkrwauds i'rokkssou ok i-ohtrv. ALEXANDER AT THE TOMB OF ACHILLES. Bow'd to his yoke tli' Emathian youth had seen The Attic towers, bclov'd of wisdom's queen ; Now o'er Cadmaean Thebes, display 'd on high, His conquering banner floated in the sky ; Yet scorns his soul the trophies won from Greece, And proudly spurns the idle thought of peace ; For distant regions, worthy of his sire. The son of Amnion burns with fresh desire, Despises Europe's subjugated shores. And a new world for deeds of arms implores. E'en now the chiefs that, deck'd in purple, reign Dependent kings of Asia's wide domain. 96 ALEXANDER. That yield in Babylon — so power decreed — Their duteous tribute to th' imperial Mede, Start, as o'er Helle's wave the warrior steers. Of dreaded Greeks to view the well-known spears, Of haughty Myrmidons to mark afar The serried phalanx and resistless war. Yet while each scene of Priam's hapless reign Attracts his eye on Troy's devoted plain, While every spot, where Heroes rest in peace, 'Mid grassy mounds, declares the fame of Greece, Her ancient triumphs rise before his sight. When Gods descending mingled in the fight, When, in fair Helen's cause as Sparta sued. Dire was the carnage of that lengthen'd feud. Tis sweet to view all traces that recall The wralh of Greece, and Troy's disastrous fall : Here foamy Xanthus still with headlong might Bursts on the plain from Ida's wood-crown'd height. ALRXANDBR. 97 Though down his flood no shields nor helms are borne, liul shatter'd rocks and roots of trees uptorn ; Here, wliere rich harvests bloom in summer hours. (Jncu rose Laomedon's embattled towers ; Yet are no crumbling' walls, with moss o'erg-rown, No broken columns seen, nor sculptur'd stone ; Twould seem that Greece in vengeance could destroy E'en the sad ruins of unpeopled Troy. There, by the Rhaetian cliffs, that distant rise, The tomb of Ajax meets the Conqueror's eyes ; Yet rest e'en there inglorious he disdains, And burns alone for battle's tented plains. But soon, advancing by the noted beach, Sigeum's hill at length his footsteps reach, Whose gentle slopes with fragrant thyme abourul. Whose sunny brow spontaneous shrubs have crown'd : This spot, — when steering to the Lesbian coast. Or vine-clad shores that wealthy Chios boast, H 98 ALEXANDER. Oft will the Mariner with pride survey, Refulgent still in Morning's early ray ; And, resting on his oar, with fond regard. Recall to thought the bold Moeonian bard. As rapt he views, surviving Ilion's doom. Of great Achilles the time-honour'd tomb. Such as in Homer's verse, with sternest mien. Clad in celestial arms, the Chief is seen. When, borne erect in his o'erwhelming car. He seeks for Hector 'mid the ranks of war. Alone for Hector, — such in form, upsprung, V As though the battle rag'd, the trumpet rung, Thy shade, Achilles ! such, in glory bright. Burst the dread phantom on the gladden'd sight. Fix'd on th' ideal form his joyous glance. The Macedonian stood, in breathless trance, Gaz'd on the airy shape that Fancy drew. With steadfast eve, and deem'd the Vision true : ALKXANDKR. 99 Asia's wide realms, while there in peace he staid, And distant nations felt their fate delay'd. Then pious rites his chosen friends prepare, And blazing incense to the altar bear ; The work proceeds : while some in meet desig^n Mix the pure element with rosy wine, Or from the golden bowl's untainted store Of freshest milk the due libation pour ; Some to their shrine the flowery chaplets bring-, And spread around the fragrant gifts of Spring; Then on the spot a snow-white heifer slain Dyes with its blood the consecrated plain. From Ida's mount, with mingled ire and fright. Assembling Phr}'gians view the holy rite, Vex'd that new honours still the Chief await. E'en now the bitter object of their hate : There the sad Mother, while the scene appals, Thy woes, Andromache ! to mind recalls, H 2 100 ALEXANDER. Weeps for Astyanax, ill-fated boy, Hurl'd by Ulysses from the heights of Troy : And, as her thoughts on Hector's offspring- rest, Clasps her dear infant closer to her breast : There may some trembling Maid be seen to mourn, Lest she, perchance, from arms maternal torn, Meet, like Polyxena, th' unhappy doom. To soothe Achilles, slaughter'd at his tomb. In silent majesty, to thought resign'd. Behold th' Emathian on his spear reclin'd ! Soon, like some Bard with future visions blest. He feels th' inspiring God within his breast ; Ecstatic frenzy sparkles in his mien. While flashing terrors in his eyes are seen ; Colossal size the Hero's form assumes. And o'er his helmet wave the flutter'd plumes. " Me. too," he cries, " when to this arm shall yield ** Opposing tribes, subdued in battle-field. ALEXANDER. 101 Me >liall the world exalt for trophies won, And mighty Amnion own me for his son. Thee, great Achilles ! might devoted Troy Through ten long years in tedious siege employ ; Rut ere yon orb's uprising beams decline. O'er vanquish'd foes the triumph shall be mine. K'en now (as husbandmen with pale dismay View lowering clouds o'erspread the light of day. Uncertain whom the gathering storm await) The bands of Susa tremble for their fate ; Rich in her ivory gifts, her golden stores, My proud array Ecbatana deplores ; And all her Gods Persepolis in vain Invokes to save from War's impending reign ; The last sole glory that survives to all. Alone by Alexander's hand to fall. 1 come— again her gates of brass behold Submissive Babvlon for me unfold ; 102 ALEXANDER. " For me Euphrates views with calm delight " The lengthening" arch his sever'd shores unite ; " Of clattering hoofs loud rise the echoing peals. " hi o'er the ramparts bound my chariot wheels " I come, — I come; — another Chief succeeds, " Where fierce Hystaspes urged his foaming steeds ; " Where, deck'd with spoils from suppliant Lydia won, " In triumph pass'd Mandane's honour'd son ; " And, far above thy gentler sex severe, •' Thine, bold Semiramis ! was fame's career. " Then shall I haste, on eagle pinion borne, " To rosy chambers of the orient morn, " Stretch my wide sway o'er Indian tribes controll'd, " And quaff the mighty floods that teem with gold. " Thus, when no more can subject earth afford " One spot unconquer'd by this dreaded sword, " Each humbled nation shall my yoke sustain, " And Alexander o'er the world shall reign. ALEXANDER. 103 " E'en now afar, delig-htful to mine ear, " War's brazen notes and batlle's din I hear; " E'en now the Mede, impatient of his doom, " Waves his bright sword, and dons his glittering " plume, " In purple vest resumes his proud career, " And tempts the vengeance of the Grecian spear. " But thou, Darius ! in ill-omen'd hour " Lead'st to the combat thine unequal power; " Vain of his might, elate with daring aim " To wrap the siiips of hostile Greece in flame. " Forth went the Son of Priam ; him at eve " Hop'd the fair dames of Ilion to receive, " Proud o'er Achilles slain, or homeward borne " By the fleet coursers from Atrides torn; *' False was that hope ; — far oft' on earth were spread " His comely locks, and bow'd his beauteous head, " Remote from Troy, in gory dust dctil'd, " Of Argive mariners the spot revil'd. 104 ALEXANDER. " Back, as the King- of Erebus commands, " Shall fly the barriers of Tartarean lands, " And, — that Pelides may our deeds behold, " And view his tribes victorious as of old, — " Ag-ain to scenes of battle shall repair " The godlike Chief, and breathe terrestrial air : " He 'mid the combat's heat shall mount my car, " Divine associate throug'h the strife of war, " Yes — if no airy spectre mock'd my glance, " These eyes have seen the Hero's beamy lance, " 'Mid the dire conflict have these eyes confest " The waving terrors of his high-plum'd crest, " That, by the glittering steel's effulgent ray, " Smote the whole race of Priam with dismay, "And from his gilded chariot on the plain " Stretch'd the dark Memnon 'midst the heaps of " slain. " 'Twas no illusion; — still in Stygian shades " One earthly thought the Hero's breast invades; ALEXANDER. 105 • Dear to his soul are still the deeds that grace ' The brave descendants of his ancient race. • Thrice blest Achilles ! in oblivion's gloom Thy name had sunk inglorious to the tomb, • Thy mighty name — that shall, to fame endear'd, ' By Ister's banks through ages be rever'd, ' Known by the /Ethiop 'neath his sultry skies, • And where the pillars of Alcides rise; — Yes — it had perish'd ; — but the favouring Nine Rai-M for its lasting fame a bard divine : Or r;itlier was it not some God, that told, — III form (jf mortal poet, blind and old, ■ In strains that breath 'd a more than mortal tire, — • The din of war, the battle's fearful ire, ' Bade thy renown outlive the conmion doom. And gave thy laurels an eternal bloom ? " For me, this last and worthiest gift, for mi- ' Oh I may the Gods with fostering care decree; 106 ALEXANDER. " (The Gods, whose smiles approve my bold career, " To whose high thoughts my honour'd name is dear ;) " Oh ! may some future Homer's glowing lay " The deathless triumphs of my sword portray; " Oh ! let another Homer strike the lyre, " A new Achilles shall his theme inspire!" He spoke, and smote upon his shield ; — around The woods of Ida echoed back the sound ; From all his bands the clash of arms arose. And fill'd with terror his far distant foes. K'en then, Granicus ! on thy fatal banks, The peal was heard through Persia's startled ranks ; Then leapt Darius from his ivory throne, And, as his fears the dire prognostic own, Four'd to the Gods his suppliant prayer ; — in vain; Heaven hears him not, or hears him with disdain. NOTES. Verse 8. When Alexander visited tlie Temple of Jupiter Ammon, which is situated about twelve days' journey from Memphis, the priests saluted him as the son of their god, and enjoined his army to pay him divine honours. Verse \S'2. The pillars of Hercules arc two lofty mountains, situate, one on the most southern extre- mity of Spain, and the other on the opposite part of Africa. They are are reckoned by the ancients the boundaries of the labours of Hercules, and. according- to their tradition, were joined tog-ether till they were severed by the arm of the hero, and a communication thus opened between the Mediterranean and Atlantic seas. THEBES. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN ODE RE( ITED IN THE SENATE HOUSE AT CAMBRIDGE, A. D. 18iy. THOMAS HENRY HALL, OK KINu'iJ COLLKtiK. THEBES. Ve g-oI(Jen sliores, ye classic haunts, Where her past fame Canopus vaunts, — Though still may Nile o'erflowing" lead His bounteous waters through the mead, hinrich your fields, unblest with rains, And nurse the harvests of your plains ; Though still your sons at ease behold Spontaneous fruits the soil untold ; — Why, — of your earlier days the boast, — Hath holy W^isdom fled your coast ? Why mourn yc now, in adverse hour, Relentless Time's o'erwhelming power ? 112 THEBES. Oh ! not for this was Learning given To favour'd Thebes, direct from Heaven Descending there her light to Man Reveal'd Creation's wondrous plan ; Of every change explain'd the cause. And fathom'd Nature's mystic laws : Skill'd were her sons each sign to know Of Heaven above or Earth below ; What stars in midnight skies appear. What varied seasons rule the year. Yet now, alas ! th' untutor'd mind Droops in the bonds of Sloth confin'd ; Forgetful now of nobler days. Degenerate sons their sires dispraise ; And trample on each holy trace. That proves of old a patriot race. With deeper thirst for Science fir'd. By glorious Enterprize inspir'd. THEBES. lis From distant coasts, all fear disdain'd, To realms where once Busiris rei^n'd. From Italy's romantic vales. From Britain's isle, the traveller sails ; To search in Thebes, v.ith curious aim, The records of departed fame. Undaunted through surrounding gloom His daring footsteps pierce the tomb. Where mighty kings, in solemn rows, In Death's eternal sleep repose, Girt with the pomp, by age defil'd, That vainly o'er their dust was pil'd. Oh ! why, to deck the grave alone, Should toil and care like this be shown ? E'en here shall Time's effacing hand Destroy the fabrics Man hath plann'd ; And Heaven in swift decay shall hide The monuments of human pride. I 114 ' THEBES. No more, — as Morning's orient lig-ht Slowly dispels the shades of Night, — Harmonious sounds Aurora hears, (Like Music of celestial spheres,) That long in earlier years were known To breathe from yon colossal Stone, When Memnon bade the Day-star hail, (Such is Tradition's wondrous tale^) Saluting with melodious praise Yon glorious Orb's returning rays. No more, replete with varied bloom, The sloping gardens yield perfume : But still, within the dark recess Of craggy mountain wilderness, With the fierce partners of his toil The ruthless Bandit shares the spoil; — When the lone Traveller on bis way Hath sunk of lawless might the prey ; THEBKS. 115 Or Rapine's arm hath here transferr'd The feeble Shepherd's choicest herd. Still tameless beasts the plain invade. Or watchful lurk within the shade ; Still to the Sun's prolific rays The Crocodile her eggs displays. Leaving- what parent aid demands To sultr)' beams and barren sands. Yet here, unfetter'd with dismay, The Stranger's lingering steps delay ; Here, 'mid the leaves of lotos, spread Above the River's glassy bed. Or reedy banks, at evening's close. Softly the murmuring Zephyr blows ; While groves of palm from noon-day heat Present their shady cool retreat ; And far around the morning dews Their freshness o'er the ghide diffuse. I 2 116 THEBES. The Traveller here with curious eyes Each trace of ancient fame descries ; And as around in rapturous trance He casts inspir'd his eager glance. In Fancy's dream, where'er he strays. He sees the forms of other days ; And frames, in pensive thought reclin'd. The visions of his wayward mind. Again in all its former might The City bursts upon his sight ; Embattled towers the scene supplies. And adamantine pillars rise ; While, from each wreck of fanes o'erthrown, Each crumbling mass of shapeless stone, Fond thought restores in all their pride The temples of the deified. On every hill, in freshest hues. Some God's majestic pile he views ; 11 And seems in every sound again To hear the Statue's vocal strain. And, io ! releas'd from Stygian gloom, Bursting the cerements of the tomb. Again to realms of light and air The Chiefs, renown'd of old, repair; FVoni dark oblivion rise again, To triumph on their native plain. Around the hundred gates, that seem E'en now rcstor'd in magic dream. Warriors in glittering arms advance, And wield in fight the beamy lance. Call it not vain : — what selfish heart With sweet illusions loves to part. That spring at Memory's apt command, 'Mid wrecks of age in classic land ? Who, first of Cities, queen of States, Unmov'd hath pass'd thy sacred gates. 118 THEBES. Or fail'd to rest, with tarrying- feet. In ancient Learning's honour'd seat ? In vain the Persian's vengeful horde Hath far and wide destruction pour'd ; Still hath the Victor led in vain Through desert halls his lawless train. And (pity's ruling power unknown) Statues and shrines of Gods o'erthrown : For oh ! if Memor}% heavenly guest, Retains her sway o'er mortal breast, — If e'er the Poet's generous lay Surviv'd his native land's decay, — Still in the Muse's hallow'd strain Shall Thebes -through future ages reign ; And Time with sparing touch revere The relics of her past career. And oft the wanderer on her coast. Who sees the pomp her Sires could boast. THEBES. 119 With reverent feeling's shall explore Celestial Wisdom's ancient lore : Her praises shall the verse inspire, Her favour'd land shall wake the lyre, Where first, as earlier bards have sung", The Arts arose, and Learning* sprung*. NOTES. Verse 58. The famous statue of Memnon, near the city of Thebes, was said to utter a sound like the snapping" asunder of a musical string", when it was struck by the first beams of the Sun. It was a colos- sal figure of gigantic size, the mutilated bust of which, weighing nearly twelve tons, was sent to England by Belzoni, in 1818, and is now in the British Museum. Verse 123. Thebes sank in importance when Lower Egypt began to be more thickly inhabited, and the new capital Memphis arose. It still remained, how- ever, the chief seat of religion, until the furj^ of Cara- byses, or, more correctly speaking, his religious fana- ticism, destroyed most of its priesthood, and overthrew its proudest structures ; from which period it rapidly declined. 131 Verse 138. " It is absolutely impossible," says the enterprising' Belzoni, " to imag-ine the scene dis- played at Thebes, without seeing it. The most sub- lime ideas that can be formed from the most magni- ricent specimens of our present architecture, would give a very incorrect picture of these ruins ; for such is the difference not only in magnitude, but in form, proportion, and construction, that even the pencil can convey but a faint idea of the whole. It appeared to me like entering a city of giants, who after a long conflict were all destroyed, leaving the ruins of their various temples as the only proof of their existence." SYRACUSE. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN PRIZE POEM RECITED IN THE THEATRE AT OXFORD, A.D. 181;oriKTY. THE RxVINBOW. When o'er the waste of watcr> wild The Spirit of Jehovah smilM, And shut within their hounded reig-n Tlie fountains of the Deep aijfain ; The sea, the sky, the stormy hlast, Back to their wonted limit past, And far ahove the flood suhdued Each mountain height ag-ain was view'd Then, Queen of air, with j^ladsome light, With thousand colours s^aily hrii^ht, The Rainbow shone, to sig-ht unfurl'd. And liaruioni/.'d th' afflicted world : ISG THE RAIVBOW. Then came to all of mortal race Thiis promise of Almighty grace ; " Within the clouds, for man below " A token, have I set my bow, " Between myself and earth to prove " A lasting covenant of love. " No more cut off all flesh shall be " By waters of th' o'erwhelming sea ; " And earth, though guilty, shall no more " The terrors of the flood deplore." And still thy tints celestial shine, Still, Iris ! beams thy pledge divine ; Still mortals gaze, and gladly know The sign of Heaven's aerial bow. O Thou ! who through the star-pav'd dome Didst favour'd Newton teach to roam, Where meteor fires the void illume, Where Sol's eternal splendours bloom. THE RAINBOW. Where heavenly minstrels tune the string Pale Cynthia's rising beams to sin":, Thy g-enial aid, Urania ! lend, The poet's humbler strain befriend, Who paints in song- the countless dyes. That each ethereal fount supplies. Refulgent arch I when o'er the plains The Pleiads pour their dewy rains. In glorious majesty on high Thy circling pinions span the sky ; And to serener charms give birih Through fragrant air and gladden'd earth Oft as thy radiant colours glow, More calm the waves of Ocean flow ; Hush'd is the Eastern gale's career, That anxious mothers shrunk to hear. And when again thy beams restore The sunny hues that morning wore, 187 188 THE RAINBOW. When thus their splendour can assuage The troubled Ocean's mig-hty rage. And halcyons on the billow's crest Securely build their tranquil nest, 'Tis thine to bid affliction cease. And aching" bosoms bless with peace. Rejoicing- in thy welcome light. The grateful Sailor hails the sight ; When storm his shatter'd ship hath tost. And life itself been all but lost. From some tall rock his spouse shall mark Her absent lord's returning bark ; And haste, in memory of her vow. With blooming wreaths to deck the prow. Child of the Sun ! 'tis not alone In realms of air thy charms are known ; Descending from above, thy beams Are seen amidst the fountain streams, THK RAINHOW. Where Nymplis terrestrial haunt the woods Of Tihur's heig:ht, or Aiiio's floods, Wliere dashing- waters wildly break On dark Velino's foamy lake. With sportive glee thy glittering hues The Naiads o'er their locks diffuse, Pleas'd as their necks more radiant glow Amidst tiie colours of thy bow. Sublimely on the mountain's verge Tiiy rays illume the fretful surge, Where the loud roar the ear appals By Niagara's awful falls : Amidst the whirlpool's angry yell Thy golden beauties softly dwell ; Where rocky fragments headlong roll. Serenely shines thy bland control. And seems with steady light to brood Benignly o'er the raging flood. 189 190 THE RAINBOW. Oh ! thus,* — in troubled life's career, When sinks the heart in anxious fear, When, as the final hour draws nigh. Tumultuous thoughts their pang supply. Oh ! thus may Hope, divinely bright. Shed o'er the scene her sacred light ; Sootiie by her aid the soul resign'd. And lull the conflicts of the mind ! An Iris sits among th' infernal surge, Like Hope upon a death-bed." Byrox, Childe Harolde, c. 4. TYRE. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN PRIZE POEM RECITED IN THE THEATRE AT OXFORD, A. D. 1830. HY W. PALMER, OF MAGD. COLL. TYRE, Where Syrian regions bound their inland main, And part Cilicia from the Libyan plain, , There stands deserted Tyro ; no more she boasts The walls Phoenicians founded on her coasts : { Nor reig^ns o'er nations with supreme command. Rich in the purple treasures of her land. There oft the traveller, as daylig'ht fades. Strange forms beholds in eve's advancine: shades, Hears in the breeze, or seems, in silent fear. Low plaintive sounds and murmur'ti siirhs to hoar I" Whether pale ghosts their ancient haunt frequent. Or the dread Genius pours his wild lament, o 194 TYRE. Few to the isles of Greece, o'er Ocean's bed, Few barks unknown their venturous course had sped ; Nor yet had strangers, steering o'er the floods, Pierc'd the deep silence of Etrurian w^oods, When first to glorious deeds and wider fame Tyre's noble sons impell'd their daring aim. For not to them were flocks and herds assign'd, As in the ruder ages of mankind ; Theirs were no rustic toils nor sylvan cares. No cherish'd hopes of smiling crops were theirs : Less was their boast the honied stores to hive. Less, that the olive and the vine should thrive, Than crowded marts within their port to hail, And o'er the waters urge th* expanded sail. Fir'd by these views to tempt unfathom'd seas. Boldly the mariner invok'd the breeze ; Nightly the merchant from his deck afar Watch'd 'midst Ijis gather'd stores each guiding star. TYRE. 195 Thougli fretful billows round his vessel roar'd, And stormy blasts their bitter rage outpour'd. And soon, when Poverty no more assail'd, Wlien Fortune's gifts and dawning smiles prevail'd, The Arts were known : no fields, by Nature blest, Whose bounteous hand spontaneous fruits confest, lleveal'd to enterprise their wealthy store ; But far and wide she view'd a rugged shore ; 'Mid sterile rocks her future liopcs she plann'd, And Ocean's spoils enrich'd a barren land. Lo ! the tall cedar, that of late had stood Gigantic monarch of the fragrant wood, That far and wide luxuriant boughs display'd, And o'er the waters stretch'd a darkening shade, Yields its fair honours to the axe ; — the pride Of mighty Lebanon ascends the tide ; And, fell'd to earth on Basan's highest brow. The cloud-capt oak provides the bounding prow. 196 TYRE. Now, through the gates of Death their passage won. They reach the swarthy nations of the Sun, Where precious trees their liquid gifts unfold. And Ophir's mountains richly teem with gold. Propitious winds the gallant vessel urge. No helmsman needed, o'er the foamy surge ; Not with such favouring gales, such bounteous aid, The wandering seaman Afric's coast survey'd, Of either Pole who view'd the starry sign, Who pass'd, 'mid scorching heat, the torrid line ; Full on whose sight, with darkening clouds o'erhung. The stormy Cape's gigantic phantom sprung. Far distant seas each daring galley braves. The Western Ocean, and Atlantic waves ; Far glide the vessels o'er th' Ionian main. All toils endur'd in dauntless quest for gain. x\nd first, Canopus ! to thy friendly port. For commerce bound, Sidonian barks resort : TYRE. 197 Thine, Cyprus ! next, by sea-born Venus lov'd, Of traffic oft the welcome mart hath prov'd ; Next would th' iEgean isles, and Carian lands, The clitfs of Thasos, or Lig-urian sands, Invite the sail, Italian coasts invite, And e'en Iberus gladden'd at the sight. What fabled horrors fear-struck Fancy view'd ? The Siren's rock with human bones bestrew'd, — The furious dogs from Scylla's gulf that roar, And ceaseless whirlpools of th' opposing shore. Why should the Muse the shuddering awe recount, When first o'er Ocean tower'd th' /Etnaean mount, When tlames volcanic spread terrific light, And each grim Cyclops stood reveal'd to sight ? Yet happy they, whose fearless 7x\il prevails O'er stormy surges and impetuous gales. Whose favour'd skill through narrow straits haili ^ircrM By the tall pillars that Alcides rear'd ; 198 TYRE. To these (the dragon's watchful ire controll'd) Hesperian groves assign'd their fruits of gold. Nor less, when Tyrians urgM their wonted aim, To northern realms the venturous galley came. Where hordes barbaric haunt the forest glades. The sedgy marshes, and the tangled shades. Train'd to domestic life, with skill endued. Mechanic tribes their wond'rous toil pursued ; Quick to devise, in Hiram's honour'd reign. The beauteous gifts for Salem's rising fane. Or taught with works of curious art to crown Their native land, and raise its wide renown. Ting'd with the dyes that ocean-spoils diffuse, Egyptian vests assum'd unwonted hues ; In sparkling gold were costly figures wrought, Unrivall'd gems by Kings intensely sought ; While nought could fairly through the world surpass The bowls, the tripods, and the shrines of brass. TYRK. 199 Then rose afar, 'mid native glories, then, From crowded streets tl»e husy hum of men ; Ships from all countries throng'd the sheltcrinfr port, And ever)' language grac'd the Tyrian court. There too, in pillar'd state, and marble pride, With godly fanes the sumptuous palace vied ; There trading barks commodious harbours gain. And jutting piers stretch boldly o'er the main ; Wealth's varied stores in massive piles unfurl'd Mark the free commerce with a friendly world. And as the wond'rous tree of Indian birth Bends from above its graceful boughs to earth. While countless branches spreading o'er the ground With verdant shade the parent stem surround, — Or active bees, when Summer hours invite, In dense assemblage wing their busy flight, And through mid air in sphere-like swarm proceed. To taste fresh treasures from the flowery mead, — 200 TYRE. So when increasing plenty blest her plain ; Nor yet could Tyre her numerous tribes contain, To various legions pass'd the wandering hosts. And spread her colonies o'er distant coasts • Where'er they roam, each liberal art is trac'd, And stainless laurels ne'er with blood disgrac'd. Thus on th' iEgean shore, in cloud-capt height, Cecropian towers the far-stretch'd gaze invite ; Thus, on the sacred spot, by fate exprest. Where the white heifer bow'd her form to rest, His promis'd walls the wandering Cadmus plac'd ; Thus the wide plain imperial Carthage grac'd : And w^ell of her, with growing fame endow'd, Might anxious Tyre, the parent land, be proud ; Boast of a realm that long the terror rose Of Moorish legions, and Numidian foes : Yes— wdien her ships with martial hosts were n ann'd, Swift was her triumph o'er Sicilia's land ; TYRE. 201 Far stretcli'd her sway, beyond the subject main. O'er the rich vales and conquer'd tribes of Spain. TluMi, hapless Dido I might the fates for thee Ordain at length the promis'd Chief to see, Whose arm victorious to the blood-slain'd tomb The faithless Trojan's hated race should doom, Requite at last thy wrong's of old, and prove The brave avenger of thy slighted love. Alas! how sad, 'mid all her just renown. 'Mid high-born deeds with well-earn'd fame that crown U\ Tyre to mark each crime's ascendant sway. And own the silent progress of decay ! Alas I that, heedless of their early stain. Tyre's haughty race should heavcMily wrath disdain, .\nd, whilst in Luxury's careless paths they trod, Should slight the vengeance of an outrag'd God I Oft by the winding shore, remote from aid. Defenceless tribes the spoiler's might upbraid ; 202 TYRE. Oft, as insatiate avarice steels his breast. The treacherous host betrays his blameless guest. And oh ! what frantic vows, what foul delights, Dark Superstition taught in blood-stain'd rites ; What savage hordes, dispers'd from shore to shore, Each sacred temple dyed wath human gore ! With mournful dirges and funereal wail, Sidonian damsels sought the secret vale ; Wept for Adonis lost, and falsely own'd The stream empurpled with his annual wound. How starts the Muse at Horror's fearful reign, When slaughter'd babes polluted Saturn's fane ? Then at the pile accurs'd in frenzy wild. The ruthless mother doom'd to death her child ; Ensanguin'd altars on the hills were rais'd. The Sun's pure beams with hymns profane were prais'd To Dian's orb was impious w^orship given. And sylvan orgies mock'd offended Heaven. TYRK. 203 Reft of their homes, wliile bitter thoughts recall Their temple's ruin, and their country's fall, When Sion's daughters, exil'd and subdued. In captive plight their weary march pursued. Thus, — as his tierce career the Victor prest, Insulting Tyre her vengeful scorn confest : " For this," she cried. " have all your bards of old " A glorious reign, ill-fated race! foretold)' " Why cease the thunders of your threatcn'd ire ? " Where now your might oppos'd in vain to Tyre 'i " Thus hath your God his chosen tribes restor'd, " Is this the boasted promise of your Lord ?" The scoffer ceas'd, presumptuous and elate — No thought she harbour'd of impending fate ; Yet in that hour, beneath her vaunted walls The fierce invader's conquering host appals, E'en at her gates the yells of battle rinir, And glittering arms reveal the warrior King. 204 TYRE. Hark ! from her streets what sounds tumultuous rise. What shrieks despairing- pierce the lurid s kies ! Too late the scorner, in repentant vein. Retracts her ire, laments her past disdain ; — The city yields ; — alas ! for distant flight These sad prepare ; these bow to foreign might. Curb the deep murmurs of the labouring breast. And share awhile precarious y^ars of rest. Peace spreads o'er Tyre again her sheltering wing, Yet Heaven's dread wratli shall smite the victor King ; Heaven's outstretch'd arm to Babylon shall lead The valorous Persian and avenging Mede ; Through Egypt's land its boundless power make known, And with loud thunders shake th' oppressor's throne. Hark I the fierce shock rebellowing earth hath prov'd ; Hell from beneath to meet its guest is mov'd ; And its pale inmates, conscious of his doom. With bitter mockery hail him to their tomb. TYRE. 205 A^ain unrivall'd o'er the billowy tide From East to West the Tyrian g-alleys ride ; O'er Europe's realms, by thirst for g-lory led, Invasive war the tribes of Asia spread : These, at Ambition's call, on Attic plains. Would scare the Muses from their liallow'd fanes ; These, nobler far, to peaceful arts incline, And life itself for well-earn'd praise resig-n. Yet shall destruction come ; — when g-uilt hath run Its full career, devolv'd from sire to son, Heaven shall th' Emathian arm with vcng-eful ire And retribution smite the hopes of Tyre : He o'er the blood-stain'd fields and ravag-'d plain, 'Mid thrones o'erwhelm'd while deepening horrors reig-n, Swift as the winds pursues his conquering- way. Or the red lightning's that around him i)lay. 206 TYRK. Nor then avails, amidst the battle's heat. The boasted strength of Sidon's well-known fleet ; No floating" batteries shall avail ; in vain Fanatic priests their powerless gods enchain. As some huge mass from towering cliffs uptorn Hurl'd by the tempest to the plain is borne. And as it rolls tumultuous o'er the mead. Earth shakes around, and ruffled waves recede; Thus the proud city that with boundless reign Stretch'd her bold sceptre o'er the subject main, That every coast with various gifts supplied. With growing power through ages amplified, Fell from her regal state, her glory's height, Crush'd by the thunders of celestial might : Earth's distant regions trembled at her woes. And lamentation o'er the deep arose. On Egypt's coast by regal aid restor'd. The new-form'd city owns a foreign lord : 207 Majestic Pharos views her merchant train Ursre their rich vessels o'er th' accustom'd main ; Here seems at leng-th, beneath her latest blow, Defeated Tyre unwonted rest to know. What though for her, in widow'd state forlorn, Twas fix'd in vain declining pomp to mourn. Of vanish'd freedom learn the bitter doom, And bow submissive to the yoke of Rome, — Still niig-ht her wrongs this cheering solace own, That here the Christian's steadfast faith was known ; These favour'd coasts the blest Redeemer trod, x\nd power miraculous proclaim 'd the God. 'Tis past; — and now, with Arab tribes o'erspread. With lawless hosts that Othman's halls have fed. Tyre yields to fate ; no more, on high display'd. The red-cross banner speaks protecting aid; No champion knights uphold her sinking state, And Tyre deserted yields at length to fate. 208 TYRE. From northern shores perchance some wandering g-uest On the lone sand in silent gaze may rest. Look on the vacant port, the wreck-clad plain, The shatter'd column and dismantled fane ; While Time's sad havoc shall his thoughts eng-ag-e, And piteous traces of barbaric rage. Perchance some fisherman's diminish'd crew Still lingering there precarious toil pursue ; Or, as their nets along the beach are dried, Amidst the ruin'd walls are seen to glide. Like phantom shapes that flit across the sight In the still hours and murky gloom of night. NOTES. Verse 12. The Mahometans imagine that all ruin •pecially those in Syria, are haunted. " For oft, 'tis said, in Kedron's palmy vale " Mysterious harping-s swell the midnig-ht srale ; " And, blest as balmy dews that Hermon cheer, " Melt in soft cadence on the pilgrim's ear." Hvhcr's Paltstinc. Verse 35. " Where Nature seems to inoiirn " Her rugged outcast rocks, there Enterprize " Leaps up : he gazes, like a god, around ; " He sees on other shores the diamond blaze," &c, Bowles. 210 NOTES. Verse 49. The straits of Babel-mandel are called by the Arabians the gates of mourning and of death. " Have pass'd the straits, and left the rocks and gates " Of death." Bowles. Verse 51, 52. Ophir is placed in the East by all the best authorities. The " algum tree" was also brought from the East. Verse 54. In allusion to the trade winds. Verse 56. Concerning this circumnavigation of Africa, see Herodot. (Melpom. ch, 42), who mentions their passing the line. The Portuguese only re-dis- covered the Cape of Good Hope. Verse 60. The giant phantom of the stormy Cape." — Bowles. Verse 65. Canopus was the only free port in Egypt. NOTES. '211 Verse 73. Scylla, Cyclops, Charybdis, tlie Sirens, &c., we owe to the invention or exaggeration of Plioenician navigators. Verse 84. See note to " Alexander, &c." Verse 86. The fable of the golden fruit is said, like the Colchian fleece, to have meant no more than a lucrative commerce. Verse 102. Quotations from Homer, for bowls, tripods, swords, &c., of Phoenician manufacture, might be needlessly multiplied. The brazen altar which took the fancy of Ahaz at Damascus, was pro- bably of the same. Verse 112. The extensive commerce of Tyre is well known. The Phoenician merchants visited all the shores of the Mediterranean, and even extended their adventurous course to the modern Scilly Islands and the Baltic. Their inland trade also put them 212 NOTES. in possession of the rich commodities of Eg-ypt, Arabia, India, and the whole of Asia. Verse 124. The inhabitants of Tyre founded many cities in different parts of the v;orld, such as Carthage, Gades, Leptis, Utica, &c , which, on this account, are often distinguished by the epithet Tyrian. Verse 130. Cadmus, on consulting* the oracle of Apollo, was ordered to build a city where he should •see a young milk-w^hite heifer stop in the grass, and to call the country Bceotia. — (See Virgil, Georg. 4.) Verse 151. They were of the sons of Canaan, and Tvre itself within the promised land. Verse 160. On the superstitions of Phoenicia, see Selden " De Diis Syris ;" and for a full account of their human sacrifices in various parts, a note on a fragment of Ennius, p. 28. Also Quintus Curtius concerning the siege by Alexander. NOTES. 213 Verse 165. " Thammuz came next behind, Whose annual wound in Lebanon allured The Syrian damsels to lament his fate In amorous ditties all a summer's day. While smooth Adonis from his native rock Ran purple to the sea, suppos'd with blood Of Thammuz, yearly wounded." Milton's Paradise Lost, 1, ver. 446. The festivals in honour of Adonis (supposed to be the same personage as Thammuz) at which women only were admitted, were first celebrated at By bios in Phoenicia. They lasted two days, the first of which was spent in ho Ablings and lamentations, the second in joyful clamours, as if Adonis was returned to life. The waters of the river, at a certain period of the year, assume a deep-red colour, and were said to be discoloured with the blood of Adonis. This pheno- menon has been observed by modern travellers, and is attributed to the rains which bring" a quantity of red earth into the stream. Verse 181. Ezekiel, ch. 26 ; Joel, ch. 3; Amos, ch. 1 ; Isaiah, ch. 23. 214 NOTES. Verse 192. Nebuchadnezzar. Verse 197. ''Her own feet shall carry her afar off to sojourn." — Isaiah, ch. 23, ver. 7, 12. Verse 203, 208. " He stretched out his hand — he shook the kingdoms." — Isaiah, ch. 23, ver. 11. " Hell from beneath is moved to meet thee at thy coming"." — Isaiah, ch. 14. ver. 9. Verse 230. It was Apollo, who they feared would leave them, and so chained him to Hercules. Quintus Curtius. Verse 234. We are informed by Dr. Clarke, that the fall of such masses of rock is of peculiarly frequent occurrence in Svria. Verse 242. Ezekiel, ch. 26, ver. 18, and ch. 27, ver. 29. &c. &c. NOTES. 215 Verse 256. Tlie coasts of Tyre and Sidon were the scene of the miracle of the Syrophoenician woman. Tyre was afterwards a bishop's see, and was finally destroyed when the Crusaders left it, being the last place they retained in the Holy Land. Verse 269. " Thou shall be a place to spread nets upon." — Ezekiel, ch. 26, ver. 14. Bruce describes very circumstantially two fishermen drying- their nets; and Maundrell mentions such persons as the only inhabitants of the ruins. HANNIBAL. TRANSLATED FROM THE LATIN ODE RECITED IN THE SENATE HOUSE AT CAMBRIDGE, A. D. 1H28. m CHRISTOPHER WORDSWORTH. SCHOLAR OF TRINITY COM.. HANNIBAL. As once, beneath the mountain's crest, Where Rome superior mig-lit confest, The Sabine bard, to sleep rcsig-n'd, In cool Apulia's vale reclin'd, Thrice-blest reward — the sacred doves, That haunt Idalia's chosen g^roves, Adorn'd his brows, in sig-n of praise. With myrtle wreaths and verdant bays. Me too, beneath the willowy shade, While slumber lent its balmy aid, With visions brii^ht, in hours of rest, The g"enius of that reg-ion blest ; 220 HANNIBAL. For softly there the murmur deep Of g'urg-ling' rills invited sleep ; And g-entle zephyrs, as they sigh'd 'Mid reedy banks that g-irt the tide, Where Aufidus translucent flows. Serenely lull'd me to repose. Methoug-ht that, darkening* o'er the lands. Came Hannibal's triumphant bands ; That tower-clad elephants again Mid the dense phalanx swell'd the train ; And streaming banners proudly rose In mockery of Hesperian foes. Ag-ain Numidian hosts resume The terrors of the waving- plume ; The Moor agam denounces woe. And slaughter from his twanging bow While glittering in armorial state, Iberia's legions rouse their hate. HANNIBAL *2_M Behold, great Mars ! tlic deep disgrace Tliat bows to dust thy vaunted race; From Libyan victors, till'il witli dread. Behold ! thy chosen bands have fled ; And Cannae's plain and Trel)ia's flood Are dyed afar with Roman blood. O'er Alpine summits, realms of snow, Throug'h ice-bound ramparts bursts the foe ; And, tir'd with thirst for rajMne, hails The riches of Italian vales. Thus pois'd in air, the bird of Jove O'erlooks the nestling-s of the dove ; From cloudy reg-ions tracks his way. And hovers o'er his heedless prey. Long had Hamilcar's ofispring known Of storm and mist that wintry throne, — The bleak abode, the cloud-capt heijrht, Mark'd bv the liirhtnimr's arrowv flight, — 9-)-2 HANNIBAL. And Alpine barriers cast in vain Athwart his march their mountain chain : Known from that hour, v/hen, by the side Of his fond parent, thus he cried ; (His tender hands uprais'd in air Witli all the fervency of prayer ;) " O thou ! around whose hallow'd shrine " Funereal cypress now we twine, " If brooding- o'er thy slighted loves " Thy spirit haunts the sacred g-roves, " If still amidst those myrtle shades " Terrestrial care thy breast invades, — " Phoenician Dido ! here to thee " With filial awe we bend the knee ; " And swear, while life to each belongs. " Still to requite thy matchless wrong-s ; " And on the Dardan's perjur'd race " x\venge, O Queen, thy past disgrace. HANNIBAL. ii.'i " Yes;" cried the youlli, " when once my swurd " Can succour to thy cause afford. " No Roman nymph on festal days " Shall thread the dance's airy maze; " No spouse the votive wreath prepare, " To greet her lord return'd from war. " The savage lioness may |)rove " For gentle kids a mother's love ; " But never shall this hand embrace "In friendship's bond with Priam's race, " While bounding o'er the tield of Mars, " Youthful they urge their rapid cars, " And in the Capitol proclaim, " With laurels crown'd, their country's tanic Thus as they spoke, 'tis said, on hig-h Mysterious voices made reply ; Reveal'd to each, they view'd, 'tis said, Jove's godlike radiance round their head; 224 HANNIBAL. While fearful stoims through aether driven Convuls'd the starry vault of Heaven. O'er Alpine heights their hosts convey'd. By mighty Jove's propitious aid, 'Mid vine-clad vales v^'ere given to roam, — The blest Ligurian's fruitful home ; Where cool Eridanus proceeds Through myrtle groves and verdant meads. Victorious Hannibal ! what dread Thy rapid march around hath spread : Chang'd is Timavium's peaceful state, And Umbrian matrons mourn their fate : Thee, cloth 'd with triumph and dismay. With thunder arm'd for battle-fray, Placentia's vales, in fearful hour, Beheld, and own'd thy conquering power ; Whilst Arno's wood-crown'd banks and plains. The shepherd's haunt, delight of swains. HANNIBAL. 225 Clieer'd by the rustic chant no more, Re-echoed war's unwonted roar. Yes — by V'elino's foamy tide, By Trebia's waves in slaughter dyed. By Thrasymene's impurpled flood, Vainly hath Rome her foe withstood. While groves by Nature's shock o'erthrown, A mightier power in conflict own. With terror fill'd, th' approaching- feud Wildly th' imperial city view'd ; In thought beheld with carnage red The sacred Aventine o'erspread ; And, low in mournful ruin laid. The Capitol itself betray'd. Stayed is at length the victor's ire ; — Prey to sedition's raging fire, Devoted Carthage seals his doom. And treachery saves despairing Rome Q 226 HANNIBAL. Recall'd from plains by fame endear'd, Homeward the Chief liis course hath steer'd ; And, — as before his ling-ering eyes The scenes of early conquest rise, As slowly from his aching sight Recedes Tarentum's pine-clad height. While still Calabria's fields and towers Recall the warrior's glorious hours, — Subdued he weeps ; no deeper woe Had caus'd the manly tear to flow. Though doom'd an exile far to roam From all the joys that brighten home. And change for Scythia's icy gales, The sunbeams of his native vales. " Alas ! " he cried, " in evil hour " Hath Carthage hence withdrawn her power " Before her gates in dread array " Shall Roman legions urge the fray ; HANNIBAL. 227 " And haiig-hty foes insult lier fall, " In mockery 'midst each desert hall. " No foreign treachery hast thou known, " No Scipio hath thy pomp o'crthrown, " Alas ! my country ! o'er thy land " No fierce Marcellus wields command ; " But oh ! perfidious sons have wrought " Thy woes, in triumph dearly bought ; " Crush'd are thy hopes by wrath divine ; " Impatient Juno quits her shrine, " Bursts from her temple's shatter'd gate, " And leaves thee to the storms of fate. " Yet oh ! whate'er my country's doom, " Think not, proud Queen, detested Rome I " That, captive to thy temple borne, " Hamilcar's son shall meet thy scorn. " Soon shall I seek untarnish'd rest, " 'Mid distant islands of the blest ; 228 HANNIBAL. " Where, freed from toils and worldly cares, " Elysian joys my parent shares ; " Where Hasdrubal e'en now invites " The partner of his hundred fights, " And chides e'en now my long delay " 'Mid realms of earth and sons of clay." NOTES. Verse 2. Cannae, where Hannibal obtained his celebrated victory over the Romans, is a small village of Apulia, near Mount Vultur, and the river Aufidus. Verse 8. " Me fabulosa^ X'uiturc in Appulo, " Altricis extra Union Apuliae, " Ludo fatigatumque somno, " Fronde nova puerum palumbes " Texere, &c."— //om/. Od. lib. iii. 4. " Fatigued with sleep, and youthful toil of play, " When on a mountain's brow reclin'd I lay, " Near to my natal soil, around my head " The fabled woodland dovesa verdant foliage spread." Francis. 230 NOTES. Verse 55. When Hannibal was nine years old, he took a solemn oath, at the request of his father, in the temple of Dido, that he would never be at peace with the Romans. FINIS. Mills, Jowctt, and Mill?; Bolt-court, Fleet-street. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. miii^^.^ APR Z\ ib^' ■7.'69(N29684)— C-120 1987 mi ^i l^iyi i^ 3 158 OIJU^^ .: n UCLA Voiioq Mo•••»c^ I .b»»»> PA8164 .T63t ser.2 L 009 608 954 5 LI,-, m lUhn