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A0DL9e XLUTEE/.CY IS HB WSr^ STAfM 
 Alio* L. Xrvias 
 
 fliteSfti«d In purtl&I Miiafaotioa of tlu ftqulraannts rjr tb* d rngt— of 
 
 MMtor cf AH0 
 la 
 
 fiduo«tlon 
 
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 Deroolted in the Utdverslty Llbnuryt 
 
 Dai* UtffMriaa« 
 

 EDUCATION DEPT. 
 
Cutlinoto 
 Adult IllltorAoy* 
 !• Xntf<»4U0tlon, 
 
 fb) 0U»9 
 (o) Gooatlon* 
 
 n, 
 
 (ft) Socially 
 (b) rolltioally 
 (•) Industrially 
 
 HI, IfMM of XlliininAtioa 
 
 t\ 
 
 i^tilonthropy 
 atOnoolM fbr Mulia 
 IMtral Aid 
 
 Oooolusion* 
 
 ^58862 
 
Adult nUtM««y in %\m Qiitad Siutes. 
 Ztt lawMTO and Umxm of Elii4jmtioQ« 
 
 IlllteratM wre %Jmm% n«rMai •borm th» *g« of ten yaars «t« 
 enniwt read or vrita* and li;b«r«t«s ar* those who have had evm 
 the allgpiieat aaeuBt of •ohoollng* IjatQr literates nay be ignorant, 
 but illiterate* •amot even vrite their e«n naxnes* tiany an 
 illitoratte nan vho ean only ■&]» Ida nark for his aignature is 
 bett«r equipped for oitiseaship ihMi eoae kigli sdhoel sradMiee* 
 ftAooliag supplenentt but oan nefwr replace worldly viadoa and 
 aacpwlenoe* BefverMthe^leee, the ability to read and write is 
 fimitoMsnt'l , and lask of this equipnent is suob a Imndieap that 
 illiteraoy implies ignoranee* 
 
 XniellifKtee IsplisNi taental quality, oupacity and ability; 
 Wtvadned, its usefiOjUNMi Is revttfioiedi to an illiterate, intellicenee 
 is stunted ^>x)d iaporfeotly applied* 
 
 QoTenaBent by r«pre«entation rests upon the inteXlieenoe of all, 
 aad inteXliceruse dtpenda upon general and rapid transfer of tliougH and 
 infonaation by the printed pofs* It is difficult fbr ttiose irho read to 
 fbm even a bare eoneopiion of the sMnial lixiitation of the ill iterate • 
 
 BeSMRit researtfluNi ef tlie t&iitod States ^ireau of Bducation 
 (juswnstrate 0napbi«al]^ that in nineteen •t«iee the mnber of adult 
 irtdte illiterates ia steadily Inoreasing. 
 
 Hire and one half Million people in the Itaited States oTer ten years 
 of age, are illitorate, or nearly oight out of ervory one hundred* There 
 wore sore illiteratee in 1910 than ooapriso the OBtire pepuUtion of 
 
>>•>.■■ 
 
 VA^» 
 
 Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2008 with funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 Mr:!.' 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/adultilliteracyiOOirvirich 
 
-2- 
 
 Wm iBtk in 19I4. Oooparinf; the pa r a w i t agg of illlteraoy fbr the 
 
 years Xt80 aad 1920 w htive ths fbllwidaf t* 
 
 1880 1910 
 
 iKilv* ^11dt«~P«r MBt of total population » 73«5 ~.*...>-. 74»4 
 3?or ••nt of tut&l llllter(M}y - 9.4 3.7 
 
 Ibrolgn bonH»P«r ••ni of totMl pepuUtlon « 13»1 •- ^ 14«8 
 
 Por e«nfc of total lllitorooy • 12«0 — ^— — — 12,7 
 
 B i yt «M^Per e«nt of total 'Opulatlon • 13*1 - — ■■ — « 10*7 
 Per o«nt of tot- 1 illltoraoy - SB«0 *«— 30.4 
 
 fft f^raap oonor«i«Iy tkt fiact that absolut* figuros, not poroaiitagM alon«, 
 
 •an tell the atory, ianagine thiit all Mm &llii4Mrat«a in tho Italtad 3tat««, 
 
 flT* and ona iMlf allliBn atrong, imitad and toak poaaaaaion of Illiiioia, 
 
 cviotinr; arary paraon riov llTlng thoro* The at&te would th$m ba aa populoua 
 
 a« it is no«| the thronf^s in State Street* ^lULaago, would ba aa danae, but 
 
 pioture the oivllisation of that ffro&t state and city* Eailroada eould 
 
 oaaae to run* for no truinnan oould road hie ordero, no diapatoh^ oould 
 
 «*ite thesi* Street lighta would be darkened, while taapleaa European paaaanta 
 
 and nayp field lianda fftped idly at the Maninglesa Storaaiars printed on 
 
 ilw Volt wetera of naelaaa pawMrtWMiaa* Tkm graat daily papera of ChioaQo 
 
 would so out of buainaas} an—raa would atop basauae no Bbn in all the 
 
 atate oould write down the reaord of transaotions} public aohoola would 
 
 be abandoned J the UhlYMraiiy of Chioaflp lould be doaerted* 
 
 Another illustrution would be llmt in a double line of maroh, thraa 
 
 feet apart, theae illiteratea would ioAand over & diaiansa of 1*567 ailes— 
 
 aore than twice the diatanse fTcci T%ahineiun to Ja<iraomriIle> Florida* 
 
 Hairaliii^S at the rate of 25 nilaa a d^iy* it would re^iuire onre thus two 
 
 ■onths fbr th«a to paaa a given point* A adg^y arsiy is thia* with 
 
 their baanmra of blaokasaa inswribed with tho legKida of llliiMrasy* 
 
rnJPftaJ' 
 
 -£tii ikTJiC. ao.wysiyu' 
 
Ignor&nMt m0tikam», holpIe«sn«8« Esjnd kopaleaenMs, too liurg« fbr e^ifety 
 1a our datnooratio ii-sstltutlunn, fbr tho hljrhoat good of aoolvty and fbr 
 ik* g^eftteat dttgrae of ncitorlcil proapority. 
 
 to VRlt for a feneration of Illiterate nen and wonea to 
 die is a alow and p^Alnfol pruoaaa* That there ia a ahcrter n&y to 
 the reduction and eliisination of illiteraoy haa been prored by «or:« 
 Biorepaon atatea and aporadio efforta in thia ooiuBiry indicutea that 
 there la a batter «ay bare, to tritt to teaok fjeomx upe in aaboela 
 organiaad Mpaoi&lly fbr then* 
 
U»r« than half of all limeioon^ Turkiah aid Syriem iamXfgfxAB 
 ara ilXitarato. These ntribor 92«729 or 1»B per eetit of tha wtola* 
 
 TlMTa «ara 148^1 Oroatiana and Sleranian UliWratM or 3*6 
 per #atit* 
 
 Other iBad0NuxtS(.^rer 30 por oont illlteratee are Buasians^ 
 aawmlana^ BalgfRrianaf Senrtarui, Lontenegrine and Koreans. Thia 
 group umabwm 178,655 or 4 per •eai* V»bnm ianlgrante are 24*6 
 per eent illitorate and rank third in msaber 1,121, 159, or 9*4 p^ 
 •eoi* Slovaks are 22*8 por cent illiterate and — iher 4S8*364, or 
 8*8 p«r tMt* 
 
 The Oreaki 24*6 per eent illiterate are 356,363, In naAier or 
 8«1 per oont* 
 
 The reaalning raoes over 20 per wnxt illiteraies are Arsienians 
 25*2 per eent illiterate, nanbering 47,224, or 4 per eent; and 
 dhftpaBMM 22*3 per oeni illiteruto, numbering 43,218 or 1*3 per eent) 
 AAriaan 9*8 per eent illiterate tmabw oniy 1X^129 or 5 per eent* 
 
 Spanish 16*6 per oent illi i f rt e hare tont us 13,184 or 8 per eent* 
 
 TIm Chlnaae 15*8 per eent illiterate or 10«891, Indians, 45.8 
 por oent or 85,446* 
 
 In order to appreoiate the pttrpert of illiteruoy in this oountry, 
 «o «Mit lo 'k beyond tke at&tiatloal totals to aono of the dsiailo, oo 
 as to peroeive «ho these illiterates aro oaA vkgr th&y are illiterate, 
 and «hat elasoes of then are Sjioroasing or dooroaaiag and ifhy« 
 
 Ottr illiterates aro dividod into A>ur classes* First, Vldte 
 
■'m "fiHf 
 
puofds of AuMTlcan birth mmI famii»9i« Of ihCMM l«9T8,t84 or 
 3.7 per eent tmre illiterate in the oei«u« of 1910* This rooord 
 i« a $pK9B roproaiAi* 
 
 The SMond «lM« ar* iddta people, i>neri«an bora of toflgk parentage. 
 Of these only 155«308 or l«l per pent are illiterate* la only one 
 etate, Teoma, dees their perserttage of illiteracy rea^ 10« They are 
 tlio loaet illiterate of all the four cloesee* 
 
 daee Three are white people^ fbreign born or lanigrents* of 
 tHeee, 1660^961 or 12«7 por oent are lllit«Fate« This is a rogrt^tably 
 large groiportixin bub it la not a diegruoe to our nation ae «e are not 
 rmponelfale for lt« ^o are responaiblo for their pretenoe here but we 
 o&nnDt bo held aooounbable ftor their illiteraey origiaally. 
 
 The Ihurth Claae are Miyo eaj all ^oarieaa born aad praeiieally 
 all of Aracrlean paiiKita(e» ef iritmn Z,ZZ7,7$1 or 30»4 por oent are 
 illlterata* !Per theee we are reeponalble* We soade thee illiterate 
 aad we are teeeping theca ao* 
 
 Ae poroentage of illiterate negroee between the H^ ^^ ^^^ '^^ 
 fburtecn is 18.9 while above eixtyiitflTe years it is 74*6 per sent* 
 At all ages ho www w r tiMre is a wurtMki d es r e a se at etery oenous* 
 The totul n«3ber of whito illiterates, native and fbreios born is 
 asarly one tnlllion roro than the total ambw of Hegro illitoratee* 
 Zlliteraoy is aaialy a «hite aaa's preblen^ owing to tho faot that 
 the mriber of Beffro illiterates is rapidly deoreoslngy wluHreas, the 
 mSBber ef white illiterates lo Inoreaslng due to inadgratlon ef 
 illiteriites* 
 
 Tliile the pefr«eala|$e ef the first olass, white people of 
 
HM£9 t 
 
• 6 - 
 Ansriwrn parMftaga* U «mIi aaaUar ihaa tho third or Icaaicr^AntQ, 
 tlw Mitual nootor of its illitaratas la nearly as larfa* That it 
 to 9uy, thmtm w alHPat a« aaay "iitlta nativas of Anariaaa parwiaca 
 yA» are illitarata as thare ara lllltarata iiB4g;rant8« I'iraelaaly 
 eaaofourth of aU om> illltoratoa ara «hit« nan and «ob«b, bcm 
 la tliia oouBtry of natlTa paranta* This la one of the aoat 
 41aor .ditabla faaturaa of tlia Yitaola aituation* Xt appaura tha 
 ■pra ao by aontraat with tha aaaand of thaaa alaaeaa^ Anarltan 
 Ibom «bildlr«? of fbrai^a paraats* Tha siiah lower rate of llllteraoy 
 mmnfn the latter la attributed to various oauaaa* but ohiefly 
 aB»at t^Mi* ■o*^ ^ refliPTiart tlwi fuperSor arabition of the imAprvAs 
 anA l^beir keener arpraeiatioa of the need of eduoati«n» and of the 
 eyportunities tor getting it, vhieb their ehildren here enjoy. 
 Baring be«n deprWod of auoh opportuoitiea thonaelvos In the Old 
 country they are Mfarly diMMrBdaad that their lAlldron ahail 
 aojoy then to the full« Tea«h«ra teetify to the fa«t that «hildroA 
 ef iHAfVanta are of uii^ the HMit faithful in attondii:«e aad 
 the aoat diligant in atudy* 
 
 Afftinst the dei«reaalng ttataennt of tl^a ^roaa rmA» of 
 illiter&te«» la to be placed tho enaouraglag f^et that tho aetual 
 MMnber and the TK->reentaga of illit«««tea u>a both ataadily and 
 even rapidly deereaeinf;. Deapita our •nomDM growth m total 
 population and daeplte tho enoroous influx of imnigranta there 
 are ootmlly fe^er illiter«te« in the Qoited States aov than at 
 any ttae in t^.e laat thirty yeurs at lea«t« while of oourae U» 
 percentage la reay mxoh lovror atill. In ISfiOj eafvaAeen p^ •est 
 
!Wi 
 
 ^©i 
 
-7- 
 of our populailon veic'e llXliarate; in lft90 tluir« ««r« 13*8 per eent} 
 
 in 1900 th»r« «erc 10«7 per«mib and in 1910 the poroMiUs* «M 7.7* 
 
 Zt i« to bo oboerred thftt this d««>«c^e both in a«itwl nejboiv 
 
 ftfld in {MTVontact Ins owiurrod In all of the four olft«ae« exoepi 
 
 tho third aad tl^t mwa in it thore Ikui bMB ft dMnrtase in the v«i^ 
 
 «R3(t«t»* Ttvt BOtUH^l nunber of illit«raio« of foroig^ birth bui 
 
 ItttHTMatd, but i«t *• BMMii ft* tho total ikbil er of - ll«na in this country* 
 
 Tlds tmfBriunstftly* oamiDt* It is fecirftd bo attributftd to ftn 
 
 l^provinftRt In the guullty of laaiiprftnta. Zt U frobftbly duo in 
 
 ft grftftt atamuro to thft soro fgmmifl gtndiiig to eohool of yomg Uni« 
 
 gpnuito b«tvo«n tho ««•■ of t«:i £«d fturtfton yftBTft* ftnd to tJM higjlMr 
 
 4Mkth ratft ftaftfig illitsrfttc ths^n litor&te ftdulta* 
 
 Dtsrii-ig tho last dofta^, hotwror, ChimMw, JftpomiM and Indian 
 
 illitorftteo h-ve dftocaoftd laaterialXy* 
 
 aN(«v»r« tho tolf ftoi^ l a ft—i AaMTitfta aKtivo bora, idio fbmoiot 
 
 that ft dMrftftsiag |NMr«ftaiftCft of illitoraoy is suffioisnb to inaurs 
 
 Sftfsty ftaA vliB would 4tamgr thft CPB«il^e iimiaos of ttis illiterate is 
 
 blind IndMMU 
 
 It is true that tlis pomMnUcs of iUiUrftoy ft»r tho ooiaAfjr m 
 
 ft vhoU t»s dtoraftftftA» but that is b sts w s s ftaoffwns cffbrt has bfttn 
 
 pot fbrth in ocnrtain parts of the oouniry« aotably the South} btA ws 
 
 Most keep In oind ths fftot tliat us still have tdth us five ftnA ft hUf 
 
 sdllion illiterates. PereenUsss do not tell the story* Zllitomtsft 
 
 ftre not Arabio nunierals* They are kHSMn bsiss* sho ars part of our 
 
 soeial orfpmisfttion, Tot«rs in our deraocHraoyt oitissns nhos* velfftrs 
 
 •ffeots oiur lives* these ill«equippsd fausun beines are being added 
 
•!j4«*«r 
 
 
 ^(: 
 
by tans *nd hundreds cf thouganda to osntrul wmM^om of tlw 
 eoxintry ^nd th» aril off eats of their ooEdRg is iatavMlfisd by 
 the ' uot that tlt^ MTo beiaf liMpad in fomidftble groups in a tmi 
 iadustriul and oininf, oentors iiwt— il of bviag sprMid cut tUialy 
 ever tlM wlwXe oountry irtuNW ttuiy oould bo ooro (Muiily anteilated. 
 
 Illiteratttt ure increasing in iak.iboTB, not in the Suuth* 
 •isDng the a s gr c eu , the "poor whito tmoh" and taount^ tosora vlioa 
 «• have bMM aoouatosMd to losk upon as alaost wholly illitarata, 
 but in UsMMluiMtta* Shod* Island, OsflBMiiout, llsv %rk, Bsv 
 J«7sey« rsonsylrinia, lUinois, Bbrth Dakota, Mabraika, UoOlaiia, 
 Vfoadi^ Ooloradu, Saw . axioo, Arisma, Utah, Hsvada, laahin ton 
 and CSallfbmia* tto hawrfcasi inoraaaa baing in Haw 1^b3>*<k^ <^^ 
 Mm ULddla Atlantic StatMi. 
 
 Curing taw^y stiare, froci 1890 to 1910 six of the ^uthem 
 Hataa daoraaaad t e mn^or of illiteratea f»«B 2,0C7,951, to 
 If427,0i8 ahile in Msaaaotwatts, Rhode xsland, Uonneatiout, iien 
 Torkf Baa Jersey and i^nnsylTunia, the inorease was from 790«T72 
 to o 1,103,87S« 
 
 Bw York Stute, irtiare the illiteratea are ao nwaravs tliat 
 they aould roplaae every living soul in Buffalo, is taking np 
 orgurtised sMasures, eren to eatiawi>te tho ioDensity of the problem 
 of its llllteraoy, Buoh leas afficially, to institute adupwia 
 astonsion of sohov ling to adults illiterates industrially Miployed* 
 Conneotiout is in even ciore dire straits* 
 
 In one typiet^l ssanufuotui-ing tovn in Conneatio-jt, the papulation 
 Is core than 60 per aeut fbreigh bom at the presmtt time* Ten 
 years ago It wis 15 per eent. The tovn Is inunduted with m»iSagllsli 
 
people, hip ay llllt©rfite, with foreign ld«al8« 
 
 OMtoflB, Bsd Ldwkla mf * lew order* 
 
 Jn !le« Tork 8i«tie of the popuXution over tuenty one yeera of 
 
 ege, six out of titwry ha pa w d ean neither reed nor erlte; in tMae 
 
 end Yerrjont, Sj in n«vr Uanpehire, Laa«i«linM*%e end Coaaeeilout, 
 
 6; in m Jertey* 7|!ia Pvineylv&nia nearly 8j in Rhode leXand, 9| 
 
 i 
 end in I> Unmre, 10} 'end little ie being done to relelvo the eituetion* 
 
 One fifth of all our illitoratee live in litm York^ i^ewttylranie, 
 
 Vee Jersey and r»nneetiout« 
 
 The AuraAag eeetionis of California, "tiyeehtnr^ton, north ^^Atoift aaA 
 MMreeke ere Inoreeein]; thoir nonibere of illiterate iioni^ant laborers 
 on the plea that reaouroee met be Aweleped fti f«ar priee* Land evnere 
 of c&lifomiu and TTaehini^tt deinded eheap labor to tArreet tlwir orope 
 Mi-tlie plea that vaet &orear;e of vntilled lai«i loust be dMPeloned ) o«, at 
 any priee, by any stecma. It is, in their view, ae If the idle land were 
 polluted by some diseaee tliat -aould infest the ooiuitry if it eere net 
 WUifceiiti to have it developed in snaU. lots by iVcaeriean eitisms as they 
 ■ilgrate from the BMt* The result in Oiliforniu, for example, is that the 
 J&paneee have repleeed the native irtdte settlers in whole oountiss in the 
 riehest pert of the State, and that California has •nkovileu tte HRtii^n 
 in the MMMM of a ear vith Japan over the rigi:ts of oitisenship* 
 
 Bural illiteraoy la not exolusiffnly native but it is li^rgely so* 
 In 1910 there were 3,748,031 rural illiterates* Tide eqionls appro»» 
 laately 10*1 per sent of the ehole rural population; of rural 
 illiterates but thlrtoon out of every limte ' ed or 477,870 in all 
 vsre foreiijli bom, Itesolgr tne of every landrad vers ae^roee and 
 
» ftt'y* .♦<>-■■> r 
 
 . osaMEi ■^^^ 
 
 vf-fftMterAUri 
 
 '.«M«|i *■ 
 
•10- 
 «l2£tyxflT« wartf niiilv« bom vhitMia 
 
 2f w turn froia ilw oountry to tli« olilM tm find 6 vwMurlnbls 
 revorsnl in %lm j^oportion of nfttiv* And for«i(p»i>l»m population, 
 Ttw rftt* of illit«rMy is eanvldamlsly l««a then inrcral dlstrlcta- 
 61 o«b ftf imiry thMvaai* Of th* mm wd tHr«« quwriera ciXiioa 
 ilUiinraticM of the cities, clxtyt^eirGn out of mr^y one tandred «r« 
 l<or«ifners» elown nro niitivo .!dtea &»i ttranty > two aro n i §|!»>t # 
 
 oat would nc^turcaiy •xp«oi, i» tSw l*rct oltioa of 100,000 or 
 avre poptilation viioro tbar« aire bettor sohool f^oilities and 
 lainroTad aattedi of Instruetion tlHii ifaHNi trauld b« & ocnaiderftbly 
 Icwer ruto of lllitMwey than la tH« aeaai^r toiniaf bat this is not truo, 
 
 Tba ooaMaad popnlation of cities nith oore than 100,000 pepnlation 
 la 1910 tsna 16,587,228 Md ih» illiteracy mm 4» iA avtry thamand, a 
 Mdaetion of but txa in a thousand la the l&rga citiaa* 
 
 Siaa do«« Bot — ■a a a a iily rapraaaat aaaMllanoa, y«4 a* nay aaavaa 
 tt*A vinlcvar our eclwcl ajjnstctaa hava to abov of asoellonoe in 
 •duaatioxtal ayaioa and ateftalcteatkn le fully, if aat ooilaaivtly 
 fapr«t«ntad aaaag ih» tiaenty tv» las^^oat oitiee of tho iJhitad Stataa« 
 
 Xa 1910 tlwaa oltios had a aoribiaed popalation of 12*MK>«M3 
 of «ho« «tS«900 vera illit«rato» I'hla raptraaaaia fifty*fiTa out of 
 •vary tteawnd* That is to aay, tharo ia a laiTfar par aant of illiteraqr 
 in the lar^^est citiae %hm i& all the oitioa aa a «lwla, not atumnndlng 
 the sffbrta of gitrpatnaiMta and aolu^ols, private and auxiliary 
 arf^Moisaiiioas, tha ratiu ootattiaaaa to iuc^Niaaa* 
 
 la natt not only kaaw tlia asMMb of illitc^raoy bi^ ita ohuraetwr 
 
•■^KJ '^'^^ffr*'- - '■^wffW^S-ti 
 
 Y;4.«»4r4A«^c 
 
-li- 
 as veil* ttod in th«se twenty two oitics lllltaraoy la Sdreigjn 
 
 llliiwnkoy* Ouit of «f»ry ona hundrwl of tfeM« llllter t«t» niiMty 
 
 Mr* ft)r«ign born, four n«tlv« horn :»hit«a and nix nogro««» 
 
 Ttwt thore should be In our wxllf^oraid Stole of Cullfornia a 
 MMMft^ of illitorateci In ««oh of otc 58 oountios mnfiinf: fron 67 In 
 Alpine to 9«6S9 in loa ^actlee will prore a revelation to nnny and 
 fundeh fbod for tlw«||lll fbr all* T?ith a total of 76,964 llliten^tee 
 in dur great Hate tbore is 3or4rtihlni; of a problea befbre u«» 
 
 The Legielature, iriiioh oornrvMs nwct Jaiaiary, will be ai^ed to 
 pMe ft law Klked to Mterioanlxe every allea rA» ooiaee to C«:^lifomia 
 to llvo* The bill* t^loh already' 'Naa been tentciti<rely drafted and 
 la in line with Urn vlm» of tlte IMted Bt«t*e Bivcett of Btaeet|oiK« 
 will sckc it aatidictcry that every (lereon, by the tine he ree^Mc 21 
 years (^ \^t shall have the equivalent of a fifth i^rade edueation* 
 
 It shall be aiaidatory £br tinrery zmXe oad fnaie between the 
 ages of 16 and 21 yenre wiiK) oanraot spook the Aaii;lish language, rewl 
 or write, to attend Binjkit or day eelaool «BtiX mu^ tiaae M they 
 iHKve ooxapleted the fi3!*th f^-iio* 
 
 nm eoolAl aenaoe of illit«raioy le of great isportanoe to us beefouse 
 it thr(setens to Invads that MMt saored Institution the hr>!ae« We 
 know thai if an illlt<&rate alien sh uld buy a iKmse adjoiniag ours 
 we shuuld be ayt to aove elMlMNi* and yet our q]iil49lB aro nin^llBc 
 daily at solx>ol with the ohildren of these illiterates, ^e shall 
 hardly develop a e^ete fiy»tec whloh «ill (aroclude the later sArriage 
 of raoes wad it is probable t!iat ttie future As3eria:.ai will h»ire in 
 his veins s»re of the blood of the tosigraat illiterate adndtted 
 te our ocuniry through the lenient iaadsratlon lawc, thun of the 
 
blocd of All the ooHmgfm pak t«fliMhMP* MoordlngXy « 0r«(it daal 
 tenanda uncn tti« ehEur««tor of ttean alieiM« 
 
 StM aotlMr in the ham aoBtrit nere inflaaiMs* ov«r ill* IIvm of 
 othore thun doiMi a«^uo <il«e* Hvr* ar« fbund the idi*l« of 4MUMUk» 
 llx»sa» baattby^ ordar, obodlenoe. industry, honoety, truth, Icfv* 
 «Bd r«Iig;ioa end In ao far «a thoa* are XaqJEim *a they &re In the 
 IKHMM of iIIlt«n4iHi «« a rule, they are a aetOMe to aur eoolal 
 order* The alias nother ia the l»at MMriber of the fiasLly to bm 
 reaohed uy •'vKiriean ideals* She has no vay of learaioft the li^t^glieh 
 Vmgmfgt* 'ihA children aoon Iwm to epeak our Ictngu&j^ at so^icol 
 and bMoae ae Anerlaanisiid, in a iditort ti<i^ tliut the parent* lose 
 oenirol over tixan* fhiiy enter tlie i 4ii*irluX xaurkat enC rith&ut 
 Umi refitrainliif; influaoee &f the hoc» beewt deliiKjueUUi aaA 
 oriBdaale* Our juvoidio octurts ara over filled ^ith these children* 
 
 Ubny thoueand oaeea ef deetittttea in l<e«f York OiAy aipe cauMd 
 «>Rually by the deaertion of the old«AwhSmMd or rather tb« 
 WHMHriflurtised fttrei^^ born wovmn by e raore pro^retftf^'e 1«uibHm!» 
 
 Aoeag IdM htwiitewraiieen ianiflPeatta ia found vhftt is the imnrito 
 able result of Inok of aOhooling everywhere ■diaenee ead 
 defeat ivenoae^^th a type of ianifranta vbo darily nay 
 dependent or pitiilio ohurfse at »a mwXy a«e# C<M«iiderably core 
 than half l^hepavpere in the ndaelDiHmt of the Ihiited i>tbtee« aeoord* 
 las to the mmxm of 1910f were of itorei^ft blood* 
 
 Oeaoeraey ie bared on fuiiiliiirntil isMlli«Maoe« Illiteratee 
 without the ability to read and write r«>tard the pcogreee of ue 
 all* In order to rlaln the priviletgo oi' iutelllgoiit living^ to 
 

»AO» 
 
 (HBlarca our opportiaiiiiaa wA enjoy thu b»ii«fLtf of a r«pr<M«nt*tlY« 
 gpwriiawni, «v«ry ono niMt b« «bltt is profit by the kao«l«df0 
 Mid tatpori— «■ of otbors Mad !>•■ « ■■ iitfbnMid oa tklX aiiiora of eosnon 
 tiitt^ni tmA iMV»ri«iM« 
 
 It iK^vo roaliftoii tile nmid of ooopulsor;/ •ohooline; for c lidrca 
 «b> MTo iiC2erio«a bora| «• aro tryiac to provid* for ohlldren of 
 lanl(5ni;:.ia; yti tra i0»r« tlM illlterady of Eiillloms of vameHmeXnA 
 asm and wommi •« chllciren liQ rlM tiiDUgjh aduXt in yvars— -ep^y^ently 
 fbreaitlag thai the first r«4ui«it« for gov iB in im ligr rspracaeiatioA 
 i« liioraoy* 
 ««Utloal lOmmu^m 
 
 2tt ibf> ooiiaufi of 1900 *.% w« eho^m tlwt tt2«r« ««r» 2,329,000 ami 
 of vietiiH; agio xino ««ra umabie to road or vrito* Suppose that tho idia^ 
 WMtiMf Of illitorateu »^uld vote UBdir tlio MMtiol of ooao woorupulotti 
 politlol«m« iriwt Miould booaae of tke otu^^lity of this rov^Uot 
 
 TIm oonoua of i910 thtiwo that tbaro ««po 2,27;5,dOS illiterate nnleo 
 of notins ace of «bom 6i?»T S «ore aativo «hltos, 788,63X foreign bom 
 i^too and fUli^al^ aosrooo* 
 
 Tin total aadbor of ilHter«to mn of 'votisg age in tto oonntry 
 vma iipeu&or touo tba tote;! nuuber of aen of votlag ap» in tho otatM of 
 Monfcmft'yy tanimtoa, i.lalwaa, UlMi««ippi« D0l@^«ar« and the liistriot of 
 0»liisbiti* In aooe ots^too aiyl in {aeiity oouatios the illitor&too hold %htf 
 bftloiMe of pooor in aay oluoely oontosted oiootion* la CiilifOraia eight 
 out of «««ry one kuxid;-ed vi iurs \mre illliorui&s in 1910* 
 
 a** little ksDwledKO C'f tjM fuudaauutalo uf a detaeorutio ^rorvaaak 
 i« roquired of a ItofoiipMMf opplyiac ibr oltisoBSbip« tl*t iMi 
 
.«vta 
 
ia InoapablA of ualag tli* bftllot* &) bMMmi a tool in the hands of 
 oorru|»t polltiolAiu to yAtm h« nay ettXl hit voto, aitlior fbr dollart 
 or « job* 
 
 1NHP<Mt>rth U d«i«nDia*a mlnly b:r iiii«lllfs«tioe, aad laok •# 
 wAM^ttBg «ff««i0 «HRwMNAi3F« aBfyloyMMi* •dww i w ii il «al U#Mir vag*. 
 
 If tlM vorkMT hM b««n %«2gJ t lliil« or nothin/s, when h* eoir<«s Into 
 •MBpfttitloB vitU thos« vrho kmm Mr« airil •an dc nore he it outoi^^saed* 
 fc c.lnix.:uia w*^ law r«a«bM the MsiBtial dlffloultlM of lov oarning 
 IpMMr* T%m iB&r« liiitorato Um «orie«r|thi» 1ms his ability to roiiliM 
 iho roaecns tnd rwwvo the eavwen of his ova iMk df — f t^y— «*« or lew 
 
 »• 
 
 ViMi iUiterato alioD ie hmfUMmppwA fron «Im start by iew>raB«« 
 of the a^gtiiAi Iwfunngi md hj auiimiMiii dlttruat and ampiolon 
 iiiMr«tt««d through Utok of kaovlvdse of AamriMnn iaay«« laduatrial 
 opetratioM hsA tiork vtqolniMaiaa Ibr those rwuions it ia boeaalat 
 tafwrtttive to oonoom cumeliriia nore dir«atly with odueational 
 •Vportunitiee for adult wortewm* 
 
 tiMi iUitirata liaidcnni has widouiTt'^dly twiumA wacMci 
 fatffUntlftr 9»lHta in our Moando aytUn* Of the maber of iMlff^aUi 
 trtio laaled in K«w York in ins» eighty p«r mtA, of tte»a« 
 abowe tho sohool afo vara without «ny reeular trade or occupation* 
 
 It i« aaaily aaaaaed that elcilled labor flndo itH beat naikai 
 by a »»turul process. In a ocuMry whare diaiaaBM are abort « 
 transportation oheap, where knowledi^ of waeaa aad OfiDrtuiiity ia 
 lirwtty well oKtsnte&t where th9 people ttrtt fairly hsaogaMaoua^ 
 homd by the ooot; en tie of Ismi^ge aad tradition and a aone vha% 
 
-15« 
 WtfjLd tooial orgi»niMtion, this 8A|^ b« true. But that* ftr« 
 preolaoly not tho o^ndltlont vhi<^ onnftront tlio nonsl^lish 
 ■p—Ving ioMlgreRt* There !• • ohMB b«t«Mn tlw Isrlfprank and 
 his oppcrtonity and fbr the illiterate in E^sgiish, it is a iride one* 
 
 Ifey do they oengf OlMiap labor is the anmmr* As soon as they 
 C«i into tnrtCf labor agitators play upon their legit Isnte gri«vunMW 
 aaA ineite theci tc IMliM ■ • IhP i s of relief. On the othor hand 
 •bpiatns bf industry sei^ to profit by their cheap labor and yet 
 mpf&^ttr pgrote«ti«n of the law afainet the lawleee aets of the 
 taborers vfaom they ia^ort. 
 
 Illitoraey oeaas inereeeing indiuitrial agitation and UMreet) it 
 
 >tea race prejudice and elaes hatred| it preolutdee that viituAl 
 and ability to oo.«fNn«te trtiii^ MMit underlie voll- 
 tied induetry and efficient denooraey* 
 
 It is not by ^onoe that the gttttkt tradM« seirloying thoueands of 
 worknro in the large eities have had loany ooetly strikes, nor is it 
 ■ere •oiaeiAsMM that epidcmioe of disease arise in tVie city and 
 village slUBS iriiere the Illiterate swam. If ^e are to handle, 
 iatelUfittkly* eueb pi-oblasie ao industrial unrest and public health, 
 ppeaoto oiTio adninistration and good govwi ttien tt tse need to know 
 ■ore about that portion of tur people who feed with difficulty} to 
 wlwsi the printed page is asMUiinf.less. 
 
 The policy of "let well eno\^ alone," is followed at {Mreeent 
 tiue. Zkie has rseulied in a large Xmrmmn in the ntt:2ber of perscns 
 «ho» ft>r iMi of kaovledge, bMose tBsstployable as fust ae 
 ■achlne ff«eees disolaees the hand labor to which they are trained* 
 9ar eoBBKipIe, steam slwvels, ditch diggMre mvA aeetianieca oonreyert 
 

 «f'*|«i*>- r 
 
 ('M«i»i 
 
Iwv* Wmn ttw plao« of tlM iMSd pomtr* This HMlamlCHil rarrolubloa 
 of oiM of th« Bott sijBpl* foyMt of work h»8 iMiMwrt nfttorlaUy tlM 
 ifind for A typ» vhioh for omniurles Immi •upplltd a living to 
 lllltorates* fhm do— ntlilig policy has iMan ooatly in aany y i pi rt »» 
 Vh* pero«i4iict of awidublfl ao^MtaiiM it inorMMMkl thrcu(?,h tho 
 inability of tnrkwra to r«ad Aanftr algpM and <K»9r«hind diraotloaa 
 vhioh would prerent aooidvnts* 
 
 Wmmr in the hlitory of tha Jmmtimn paopXa hat a a«a«ura batn 
 |>a— ad by Goa^raas a« ofkan wad Tatoad by tha ireaidaBA aa noxiy tinaa 
 aa tba laadgratknbill* Tlnraa iYaaiiants \vxre felt so icaanly tliali 
 fouadara of the eovai iwaiit and their autocaaora imra rif^it in koIdln( 
 thai tha imtk of opportunity to laam to read and write ahould 
 not bar an alien from freadois'a ahores, that thoy h«f« over rlMtn 
 ilM will of four Cox^aesaa* Bat Oongraaa waa atrong wmugh to 
 over ride the praaidenti&l vvto at laat and ao tha iMdipmilon 
 d»«krina8 of a •Mittury and a fuavtar ara ahangad* Baraafier no ea» 
 above tha age of alxtaan» wtao aunnot raad and write nay enter. 
 MMoa of Kliaiiiation, 
 
 VMar a literacy teat we wiU turn bM»k one«fburth of tha Araaniana} 
 Iwe flftha of the Serbian, ftalg^rlana and Uontagriaai oBa«fburth of the 
 Jawa mmd. Ore^kai one>4ialf of the .:iouth Italiana} one^hlrd of the Klaa and 
 AnttliBM and onawiPMrth of the Slovuka* And ywi out of over a teuidred 
 Billion popalaiion in the united Stataa, only fifty«fuur million are of 
 full white native anoaatry* Ifan %}m Praaident has only one anoaator idw 
 waa born in '^■ariaa* 
 
 Maagr do not baliawa that litoraoy la a proper itandard to apply 
 io tha adaiasion of tha iaadcirant, raalislng tha debt thia country owaa 
 to tha illitwrate and uaakillad in tha past* 
 
ioy 
 
 •«a^.«( 
 
 .iv,ft*bli^* 
 
•ATo 
 
 Cor* Wilaon 8t<Mmrt auys that the Unitod States 1« the plAoe 
 tb« iMdcnual should oMi Instruction InstwuS of sontlwiloiu 
 
 TlM Isbor supply xthloh isnl;^ nta ' tve brought to this nation 
 ooastituiM sn InsstiHliAtUi dflftyt. Soren out of «T«ry ten of tlioss 
 «!• nsffc la oior Ivoa sadct**! itidustriss «r« dVHm from this olass* 
 Bmwk out of «v»ry %wn wtmmtm^ Hap** out of tsn in Isrft paottag 
 ooBB«rns, niafsi««a out of twmty in sugRr refineries are foreigners of 
 this tyvem 
 
 ftm exeeutiTe w ssi f s mtofomfimjisif^ the veto of the l««t imAm 
 0petion bill is a fine flMyvMsion of l HnwHi ii» but it daes m>% 
 tfarov light on the efwr im—rtii(| fVtfblsM of ilUteraoy. At Vm 
 «nlM>nee of our priaeipal port «e haire placed a statue of Liberty 
 HUHlfltiiiiiliit tbe Tnnrld* The statiM earries in one hand a toroh 
 •ad in the otiiar a book* Tide properly Int eipwl ed means not serely 
 that iMAgranU ehall be educated to a liiljbi' <Nigrss after they fei 
 Iwre btH «li«t «key steU be lOsle to read tlie tvmtmmiknX 1mm of the 
 Istad by tlM light of liberty's toroh in order %o entitle then to 
 enjoy %be advastases vhioh liberty has produoed. 
 
 Ve nMrt laRl0nuite but «e suet teaeh thoci to wmA and write and 
 AMVifaaiae tbsw, iSMMPiflauiMation is ttMliMUiiJyas in the United 
 States* It is that proeeee by vliich laMitfradts are tvensfbroed to 
 Aaerieaa eititeas. An iasUg p ant is Aaeritswieed, only* kAmd his 
 ■lad anA will have been wiltd with the oiad and will of tiM 
 Aasriaan ao that ike ieo aet and think tec>^her« 
 
 fidt ffPaat problen eannot be aolvad by lag^lators or by aduaa* 
 tors aioae* It re^iuires the fcroe of aa iafbisied publie aeniiaMde 
 
■:■,«*« Jar, ■• .!».-sfM/^t*HC' 
 
 , "'WK'Pi'J' "'iS 
 
 
 lAJP'i*!-. 
 
 
It is ft imtter that •oiMMNrra •vary wosaui m well «• 0warj ami «I» 
 would ooiM«rv» the imII being of tho hune «ad induetrlAl prosperity* 
 
 Hiilanthropy tad religion hcve oontrlbutod muoh to uplifting and 
 •dttaafciagtke tOBigrent* TIm SiAhiA&dii Anqr enters laany hooee, 
 inaooeselble to Church org^uilMtione. Tbtif nnlwn Tislt frou house 
 to house, shoeing the spirit of brotlu»rIy lotei they gain the 
 oonfidsnee ^-t the fioreigner espeolally of the aotherj they iee^rtk 
 Ivne loeepliHE *t «*11 es religion) they teach reeding so thei thMM» 
 people aey be able to reed the bible* 
 
 Vho Y«ti^*C*A end Y«v^«C«A* tore gre^tt «gei3oies In eliaiiiAtSjic 
 illitereoy* fflwy hvre ttleesoe In «L1 subjoots from tlie fiiiiiMnnittU 
 to TooatioBftl tyeiaiiig* Tlw gjpiiiwes iMsd ennisinsnt hells 
 keep Ui' |OMng people from yloo end inoidentally tetich sporlMBMUtithip 
 food eitisenship and dewtore oy* 
 
 ?arent«ieaohers elifte reeeii ^e tivthere thgwii^ the ehildren 
 bringlam tha» late oloeer oo-opwet Son« LMtvr m end dsponstrutiont 
 evo tjkmn of the eere of ohildren and hooo Ir—pliigi fho sutbere 
 ere tauight to read and sew* Xa eoao eitiee avdbero of Woeien's Cliabs 
 pirtfi th«KNMliree to ieaete one illiterate to r«ad said write, vnA 
 to give loeeoas 1. bygisne* oooking and nothorhood* 
 
 Vie find the ehiarch at woilc in the fi^ against illiterMqr also* 
 Xte greatest inflnense is in oolding the nereis of the lontippani* 
 It brings the /itaerioanised into asacoLation eiih the u»>'Wirioanised 
 
 flM preblsn of hew to induoe the adult isnigrant to adopt 
 Annrioan life is rapidly eoioing to be a funotlon of trude unio&is«* 
 

 
 l*t 
 
 aWWW> 
 
 ■iTV^--' 1»^t 
 
In 1906 the Union mrt»tra ocnalstad of over 90 par ••at of 
 ibroign Taom, oaoatelf of nhom oould not apmk Snglitb* F&nmrly 
 tbM« people tMMre lt^m•d Into femrtllo sroupa frtdflii aMt* Antri^ba* 
 iMtlon ippMaible. The Ltditiai ««r« ilw Mtter mmdma of tte 
 irtile«i the IWjpn of thtt Slovaks, M first aei:Qrute mtlosiftlltlee 
 hftd eefMNTftte QdMie but oow it ie not ee oooh e qiwfltlon 'ehether 
 ViW mm is ;.oliah or tt&litm as irtisther fas Is a union or non* 
 union vorlcer* The tsniHNV i* ^ ^^^ ^^ Snglish Xsngwui in ths 
 ni ir s M it givsa before the Italons* The effsttt of the tBiions is to 
 inoresee uie*** reduoe hovtrn and inprove uMftrlm ooaditiMUi* wiUoi* 
 sliich tho |BMl(p>bnt would not hRVe the ability to «4Df4 lusrlias 
 •laodUrde* 
 
 llM ttaion teeehes the Imli^nt self«»u'ifufiisu>t Bs fo^e his 
 HfsA lessen in covoming Ms omi aetivities and learning to ohef 
 offie«rs sIkmi he helps ele«t« The Uhioa givee hin a sense of 
 mmmm ta us e w jeiisiyiiio spirit* it loixos nationalities so that 
 the foreign nationality of cuigf one of th«a h ees — s leii* 
 The QsiOB uaiially requirf<s every aec^er to be a oitiscoi or at 
 least to hKve declared his intenti n of heooiaing one* 
 
 The frontier life ees the greaWci ecenigr in ^AnerieaairiLnc the 
 fbrei^uNT in early 4ay8» but to«4ay he enters the 'ridrlpeol of 
 ioduskry end in order to survlTe* is osMyeil^d io leam our lseginge» 
 dress as «• dress« norfc as «e eefk« or he is iiery soon ef et H a elaed 
 hy those «ix> ore mof readily assimilated* 
 
 The iMpsvtiinie of the public school as an iksMrieaniaetion foree 
 lies ehiefly in its effeet upon the Miend (■ssvation^ yet iadireeily 
 
'--i.'^itmi 
 
 'c ;S i V^ irt > 
 
 > '..' J 
 
•sa- 
 lt «fr«tU ibe adult IcnifPiuiii fekifiaMlf la tp MMh as his oi'dldirea 
 •oQHtliMHily or iMMiMtoiMiljr Iwflmnoi hin i» ito* asBMi dlTMiion. 
 
 IIm mIidoI teaohsa the Daclish Unfiai^ioi It br*uka up husiiilty 
 b g tu t w i :«itomliil«ui it tsaohM Mmutimn hiatory •aad %1m history 
 of our institutions; it tc^uchss A as rl e sn putrlotiaa una by o .ua of 
 ■smal tr&lning, s^vsa th« isiaigrant oidld sn Idstt of Isdusirisl 
 ■MMds. All iiMM ksTs a grsst inflianw upan ths teas* In asay 
 «MMs» th« otiild is the only sffwiM sf lalMmtlMi bs lw ti a the nothor 
 toA Anerioun life* 
 
 Publio scAmjoI instruotion fbr the Illiterate kmiginaA a ii to tw> 
 p PS St dlNmlspMnisi ths mttUlkmmk of its eoatent sad th* sorte^ion 
 •# U« saUvltiMe flHi •eHNnfe agi* b« asrv frs«tiosl and ls«s 
 litsMTy, and it should be rieixlfully organised so that troei the 
 first* the learner vill be able tc use nhet he gets end adapt it 
 te erdiaary situations as he ae«%s tAMm« fkw oourse ia eivics 
 IksiAd MUM to be abetfael sod femal* Too loag it has beer. s«&e« 
 ildoG tamfbt out of a teact book* Hmowiffimvi^t the teacher should 
 %mm Ift atad thai ifaa attendant is a wags aamers Be «ay teve little 
 aaed te know tbe qualifieatiDns of a oon0NM«saa but he does need 
 a kBB«tadfe of tte t>Mrk8, auS'^uoMi, hospit-^1 olinios and uthur sooial 
 fhoilities and appefftnaltieB of the oity* liia touuh with the ala|« 
 is ifavoiiih the pollaermn, tbe faj^afe oolleotor, letter «arrier« 
 health officer and iJLs iaetruotioa should bosi& with these represei>> 
 tatlvee of sathority* 
 
 Ooafeiasfcition and part tiae al asses ai^e it possible for tlie 
 shildrea of the poor tc help eu»r«rt the f&siiljf nhile in eoh»&l* 
 Continuation elass aetbod is at prsasot in an eacperiasnt 1 star;c in 
 
*'1§vl09^ 
 
 'U 
 
 
 
 •^^■\i-Vi 
 
 ,m mumi ' ^ -'iiHiSt 
 
•21. 
 tlw tlaH«d StatM. tv« ar« btgUniag to f)Ml thut »ti«nlanM 
 Mould b» ooapoltery M it li dlfflouU to ••oore voluntary oo« 
 opontlon on the part of the ezaployir* Uaasaohuaetta^ I'onntylvuaiR 
 Mid Wiso; Mln !»▼• pfuw«i IMM aBkiag aitmnda^.o* at eontiiMNktion 
 MIkmI oompalDOry to th» •«iT«»b»«»th yMr» 
 
 Tto eontina&tlon elata IdM wi^ b« «ct»ndBdl to nM4 tlie atad 
 j0Mr edueatlng the i thor« If «• v to — oaw id in (NWi 
 
 praotlaaiy ororooniig t: ^ •Mdition now •xlitins b«t«»en 
 
 the 3puag«r and older gai^aratlcm^ irihtra «a flad» on the no alda tua 
 ttzijuatif iable arro|^aMMi and on the other* that halplMe rMlgnation 
 da* to ahaer 1;^ ranoa of laagaaga» w> aaiat oflte attruotive f^oilitiaa 
 to tha JgBnL||«int mother to l«ani Casliah. 7he iKxaigrtkrit 
 «ith«r*a i^Mraaoa of all things Anarlaaa do«t ta»r« to diaturh tha 
 mrmX haidthy ilMiily lifa of our imAigf^iA, to aond tha ahildMn 
 Into tha oourta and Inetitoticaa than hu mMaHNrally baaci roocgnlaad* 
 
 Sona iaaalcrant mothani vmy ba Induaad to attmd ahort<^y aehool 
 MMlMM if thay ara ditlg«i ii|#oiiilIy Ibr tnen. In ^r. 
 V^PKMiaoo and other citlea, a syataa of hoaa taaahars la now In forea. 
 Cnfrtiiarti taaohwra vialt in tofipk htmm utmn thagr twah '^liift 
 tdilla Inpartir^ alalia prinolplaa of tanitation and hant MonoidLM* 
 
 Voadhare are acr^tleoa Mwifunad to^ia ah all tha aothvra in oaa 
 mfftrtij^tit bouse* fhia aakaa tha tananant houoe & aohool and bus 
 tha aiHania^^a tv^^n tha an|l»ar*a point of viaa of aooiAbillty and 
 
 Hir* Baary Hard tea an intareatiag Mhool in ocnnaotlun vlth hia 
 
\!X}Jlff "■ 
 
 ^timittf 
 
■MnAurturlns •stobliateMit* His sohool prcvldss tiv ooctpulcory 
 opurtM* A ooura* in IndMtry fttid «ffteienay« a oo^rM in tlurifi 
 •ad •oottoriy, ft •mxre* in donaetio reXfttiosiSf sum ia oonetunity 
 r«lAtion a«d om in IndustriftX rmlBtiom^ TTw ¥brd English t^Kwl 
 pr«3VidM «MDriM in ipfcine, rMdiag tad «ritiiie» BngUali and in 
 Ayitlv«iU« 7M« U m% exMily o^iom.1.. A ooa wte dao linat to 
 t«fc« it i« Ui<! off ftr a oouple of «««lc« t(i tli&ak it over. If ha 
 faAuHM to ftttaod tha «14MMM h« ia givvn c« opiwrtunity to find 
 
 •iMMhwrft. In iliU •<Aiool %hOT« is o {xrofMSor of tabla 
 
 ftrt irtw tsftcAMs tlM tart of satSac <^ °^^ ^ * Moaar that vill 
 jBot intsrfera triih th» appatite of tha other fallow* Than thara is 
 a aourso in the art of aaltag a aa« tUrt in Ufa vith a J a iya a of 
 A«tt., D«UB*, ahUlt si«aua« "A ttlattOra Oaiibly Llvad Xtovn." Tha Xaaaon 
 iBsaai to taa«A) ia that -v^'Jlla a «aa attmiot out run Ui.a paat ha oan 
 autogrc^n it« 
 
 Tha Ford idaa in adnaation ias* To ia^rova a nan's taata at tho 
 ■ama ilna iaaraaaa his aarmiac f»mw» To ts' ah a aan to we his 
 inoona in a oonstruotiTo naanar* To pai a k»u iaA.o a right ralation 
 with his tixnily aiTl his aiiaawiiHy and inic ris<it ralation with liia 
 aaflt aad bis aa^^loyar. To fit a fbtaipwr to baaoma a altisait m4 
 to aoictiraga his to dc ac*« To giira a «»% afao ia aowa «mA ut« a 
 ttmuom to ooas bacfc* 
 
 Tha Ibrd idaa ia to inoraaaa a sia 'a o^^paclty Sat happlaaas aad 
 at th» wmo tina to iaaraaaa hla asffioianoj. , hia aturaiag a^paoity 
 and his wrth to aooiaty ao that ha nay hava aaoaan to %ha thla^i 
 Im haa baan tauefat to anjoy* 
 
«HWyW' '■' 
 
ftrd 84lK> 1 tttft«li«l %h» tofifpMir %c lovo hit adof4« «ouiiUy« In 
 tte B^ditii DvpWtaMi tKtr* $af IM i«M^«r« •ad teOO «tudr^nt:;. 
 Um •OMi to iiWHWi tor a •holi tixai tovf: m nnd &ft<ir vork« two d. . n 
 ft <«Mk« TIm iMWoat «re telf hoar iwrlodn. TIm •oqtm la slvan In 
 •IxtyitlBht ImaQm la ihiri7»fbur ^nnslca. Th» mm gfiualu ■ tin 
 i*«dMUBe mpm^i»m «ad rvMivo dft|^w«« The first tfJui; a 
 flHMiVMr is tmigiht ie tay la, "I wa ft food JMVllMte* 
 
 ■■d >mar< d t of inULi^rMit* rM«lT« itotlr first Mteoling in tliM« 
 MlM»l«| Mfc ikty aronot AdtfuMMi (tiMm§ m tiu»y MMffc ih« awd of 
 •MBpUPfttivvly f«« of thfost «te> Mdd it »Dit« 
 
 tn yjtm %ytc City, for iasUdBte* in 1910 ttivro «iv» MitOHl 
 mtiOit ■■. over fouiHUi^a ywir« of a^* Tbe total nurtug of 
 IbroigR bMm fwfdlt «f« RttonilJliiywii ono alg^ or mr* wui n»SM 
 «Ml only ft BiijM»r portion of ihwNi ytmM illit*?attt« T!)« alght aoliocl 
 la t&tiM !• I«re«ly lnpro«tl«»14« «mik «qpl«)pM« of ftuKorlM* 
 MMy %/tm •nffoll ar« uratblt to parMWtdW totnu — of dliQf«i«»l fbtls^; 
 MTiewi IktigiM firim iwlliMi •nAitntloa in r«plci ::roeMa vorte* 
 brttln lkg« dtw to flmlty tnrli eonditloaa^ poor TMStilitlBn, bad 
 li^HbH^ ■»!••« fthMuoa of In^.arest and look of Inftetttlvo* Th« 
 Mi^ adhooU floorolX Tory tm wammn* Xf ilM ftVftlA iM too MMk 
 lt»r tko a«i« it !• dovtoly m fbr tlw wnmr* 
 
 Tiw Iforkcr'b CU6C tiM d«rl««d ftad pot isio opditttioii prlnftrily 
 to tfi,y (6B|toy«d ftduXt lllit«r»t«« ft <iAiM»« to Itftrr^ to r«ftd ftud 
 Witt but 1« ftppUaiUv to tifaftr torsm of ladnsfcrial iidi—IWm of 
 ft taore oo»pXajt typo* It 1ft ftA^iftd to fftfttorlfts and tan b« nsftd to 
 
■dVktfllagcr liy ^aogittart in ex^ey ^nd etrloa and «aplo]fCvi!nt8 } to fldM 
 vovkersj fhna tends aui eUxa^stic b«li»» 
 
 Tlie i^iaaipul of tbv %i4»r*« CImm is tlv^t thn pabllo-sehool 
 sistsiu sUftll l\irni8'n a to&o^.er «»d s«^ol •quipMtttj th« ftsicbllstirMnit 
 •iMdi (Mtwids i>i ro<M waA ttao during ttw day fbr liwtruotion 
 vithout l«i s of i*C*2 ^^ ^^ i^ez^ere sHaII &pply th^iselvvs 
 vlth &8 zateh dlli g s w as tboqglt ihoy irars st «ov^« 
 
 In ths iMBflBHrHl COMun it le tx^sBlblo i\»r wqr ptnvn of ordinary 
 iBfcqll ig o n — id» IMM Btfvsr Iwumec to rssd or vrite in sny 
 1iiiiif>«HS snd 1^ OB.n speak nc EngXleh ic nequiro a good «o]4dU^ 
 kiio«l«d|^ of six hutujrcd linglish tR>rds« ena« in r«Adinf oocaocnr 
 pMlmt itH^hUi twnirtilp toad hsMlad^ sf ttmpls /ritlnetlc* 
 Wliav fiMlft ii ttijcty liDurs <r om l»ir a day fo^' tvsiim «s(sfcs, 
 flvs iftys A WMfc* 
 
 Qf|ia4 m99 •hotOd be isik«B la iMltfCtlsag ths rlgH kind of 
 isMolisrs ftr thss« elaocea, miy tlv?»e uto srs iaOasirlslly 
 tsiadsd anl «l»sa MTscii&llty ikiiA %ittsl!ti% ft^ili^.y ar« maxAi am 
 to srlp tl^> intAJTMi of itfjtiyfiilopsd Adult pupils wtess s4mIs ». e 
 not pl«stio« «li»<o att<9r:tion la sasily lost Mid lAn Ay« qui<^y 
 nff itd SMNfAAlly* rite teacher v ust b» s p«rson of food fad(fmtA$ 
 «dftptibillty» pi>iM9, Don»p«rtis&.i« both soolslly sn£ meislly* 
 Thoy susi trla the eor^fidsniw of the lllHsfrate in oi'dsr to 
 hap iilsM 
 
 In 191'6 tho school suihoritles of TKm Jt>i^ «mployod a t— si h f 
 to i^ndust ^ «DVk6rs«MBlass in a aasXiii iMAergKrosgat factory. There 
 «ere furty illlfceM4e sirle la tlw •last} tlie froup «as divided 
 Sato seotlons of six or ne^mn, eaoh sect ion iau^ d^tily for a 
 
•eA-sf 
 
period of forty fiTO minutes. In this tiay •aoh girl reo«iT»d 
 nearly individual instruotion in English-reading and vriting* 
 aritluaatio, Aaeriean history, geography, personal hygiene, 
 practical information about food and the evolution of the under* 
 gannent* The latter subject connected up wit their present 
 occupation* They were tau^rht facts about business such as keeping 
 account H, budgets, reports, banking etc* 
 
 It was obvious as the treeks passed by, that the lessons in person- 
 al hygiene, physical culture, right bre&thing and eating nere taking 
 effect. The eyes of the girls grew brighter, the skin clearer, 
 the minds alert and reeeptive and better taste «as shown in their 
 dress. The records of the firm showed a gain of froLi twenty to 
 seventy per cent in working effioienoy. 
 
 Another report cones from a principal of a school in tianliatten. 
 The girls from a faotory were selected on the busis of illiteracy. 
 Sone had never been to school, others had attemptednight school 
 but this proved such a task to their strength that it liad to be 
 abandoned. 
 
 The fim paid them while attending the classes. The earning 
 capacity of the girls increased ten to forty per cent. The course 
 of study in this class included the Knglish language, reading, 
 writing, aritlanetio, geogruphy and hygiene. Under civics were 
 taught the rnerita of a democratic government, patriotism and oitisenshipa 
 
 At the close of the year graduating exercises were held and 
 oertifioates of literacy were presented to the members of the class. 
 
,»£evv«« 
 
 -./. -MUiiX 
 
»26- 
 rtw mnmm of 1912 brou^ gr««i «iooaf«iPMnt In »e y > H %• 
 
 Vh« progrMe rauls by tits tmpfttwa in tha :iouth In laamiag to tmA 
 
 ■ad mrlto* At the close of the olvil mir about nln«ty«five per 
 
 (MBt of the negiroM wire illiterata «liile et present there are 
 
 tVtlrty per oeni eadi it la Interesting to note that beteeen the afM 
 
 of %eB and fourteen there are only ti^iteen per cent lllltorate* 
 
 This shews a ffp».t inbmrest in •aoeation In the pres«:it generation* 
 
 ItMR we eonslder the dUwAvrntafse onisr which the nsgro gets any 
 
 •fhocllng at all, the prof^reas inade seeens rsoMrtcable* That thmre 
 
 would haTe been a gfwater p^ Mnt of literaey had opportunity 
 
 hmm Hore faTorable is shor^n in the faot that negro illiteraoy is 
 
 less In urban Hew BaglaBA and the Middle itlanbio States than the 
 
 illitoraoy of Uie whites in the South Hlantlo and Southern stutes* 
 
 At this rate of decurease of illiteraoy it taill take only a fee 
 
 years to bring the per cent down to %Tno level of illiteraoy of the 
 
 oountry as a#«lea 
 
 Tlw sohool fund whioh is supposed to be equally distributed 
 ssvag the races aooording to the meiber of children is not equally 
 iiciribvied* Vbr instame, in Elisabeth County, Virginia, 
 HMNre were ZgZOO white ehildren and 2,300 oolored oMldren of 
 eohool age* The negro ehildron Itad twvmty teaohsrs while the w)iite 
 ehildren had fert;y«<-nine« The negro ^ildrms here buildings 
 •ottiag 15,000, vihile i^ite i^ildren hsnrs buildings costing Iit»i00* 
 The salaries of the twenty negro teaohsrs anountod to f4,000, while 
 the salaries of the fbrty nine white teachers onounted to 023,000. 
 
 The Binpton Sohool and the Twflkagee Institute are proving that 
 the negro is eapdble of beecnlag a useful. Industrious oitisen 
 
vt)-.' .%vu:jN)£'nMUU 9»f>it» 
 
 '■:!j.Jii£. 
 
fA»u It 10 vcrth ..hilo to •duoftt«« 
 
 On* of ilw nost rcoMtmble *tt«B>pit to tMHiii gmmn upe ia 
 MttfoU orfardMd ••p«oi«lly for thoa was begun in 1911, hy lam* 
 OMTtt t^llaoa StMMurt, Supi* of Sobo.lfi in Uowui Count y,KMttttdcy« 
 HnH StvMurt A9uU»A t^LMMlB nli^ Mkeols for adulta on Bccnllghl 
 sights, sho outllatd litr pltaa to tte tcAobmrs and oallftd for voluntoore* 
 Brary taaohfur in the oountry roeponded. X|u»y Tisited the honva and gKre ilw 
 invitatSoa* Zi mm toqpMted that responfe would be alow but more 
 than tMlTo hundr«A man and mmm ftroa •Igjhieen to lAf^ym^ix yaara 
 of afse were enrclled the f irei mmaiagt, 
 
 There vere not only illiterate AuMara and their lllltor«ie 
 vivwi but JUiiterate aarohantay mlniaiera and luoberMMU Tlia 
 ■PT WBt nt apread to ei^t or ten oth«r ooualULaa and the aeoond year 
 iiia Mgrollwni ^md inorei^aed to aixiaan hundred pQ|i43«* 
 
 Tilt «aaa«a8 of the nan uA mimm proves that It la not m 
 diffloult for adultsi to laam to raad aaA write acia generally 
 Mipnoaed* A ohild of ordinary laind mn b« tauglt to read and write in 
 ilvee or four weaka and an ftdult oaa do et lM«t aa well* One nan» 
 thirty yeara of mfi» wroto a legible letter after four leaacna and 
 (k, womm of aerenty years wrote a letter after ei{^ leasona* 
 
 One teaclier eighteen yaare of age* had only fsur adult tipila 
 
 in h«r olaasy but one of thaae waa a prealAnP yA» learned to read 
 
 kit Bible and a nanapeper aft or « few wealca of eameat atttdy; after 
 
 fbur leaaow he aifpttd hit nt4r>e to a paper for the first tine and 
 
 after 8«<rMi lesaons, to quote the words of the County •^uperintendmit* 
 he wrote an enthuslastio le ter with » period at the oloae of ea«h 
 
 Mnimioe ^a l^rge aa a bird*t eye*" 
 
.'OW'.i ' nMi rm>t^ 
 
 r^'-T-tr y* tl^ 
 
 H'i! 
 
flM Mwu4 bftfl •{nm&A to 87 Q<auAie« in K«nittoky« Lars* St««art 
 •»yt» "TThon «» b«gftn» «e plunntA to wipe cut our illitemoy in thr«0 yeftrs* 
 nw i(ia«hm ttad tupMritfUndanlMi ast in IMUPoh 1913 and AgrMd thftt they 
 muld wipe out illltanMgr MEbnn the oloae of ttet |NMr« t?« than hkd the 
 MtoooX trujii«4M tefee a Masus of the iiliterfttos v f their districts* Ve 
 peid thea co raich per tv.4ne ac that Idwy would txft be likely tofldtt any one* 
 Ve elttaiiMd not only the bmw Mid ege* bm. the history of eaeh illiterute, 
 his rellgioue prttfareoMf Ide poXltlOAl f^ith, hie ireeloieaoeB, tastea» 
 pMttUftrlAes, hie frittniiliifBy hmam tlee end enviroamnt* Ve eaettrtaiiied 
 the inflieim thrcu^fh whic^ he nlgbi bo reeeh«(l» «hiih«r that tnflwenee 
 ««e neiheTf e&eter, d>mh* "r or eeeetheert* The t«e«h«re were givwa e 
 ocpy of the reeord tor their dietrlote end vere inatruoted to eull end fat 
 •eefoeiBted with theee people before the night eohoole opened* 
 
 We etrove with all our vd^^ to teaoti every cawn, wonea and cAiild in 
 the oounty to reed end write* te found four «he hed e urcng ooneeption, 
 ttaroni^ their inm>ranee of o!;r mMwAi* fhey eiaply refused to be taught* 
 fhore were el:: bliad people^ five irrrulids and elx Inbeeile* At the olo«i 
 of the tern there were tMnty-three illiterates out of 1160* 3inee that tiae 
 one of tho teaehare* the one «^ had tau^ the largest miciber to read and 
 «rite« went to board 1;^ tho hcae of ttn old eMMoi «he had refueed tt; learn to 
 read and write and she agr*«d to pay thia woraun an eaeorbiti^nt sua for board* 
 After she listann ae^^lated with hmr, ahe indteoed the wooan to tw^oh her to 
 k«it« They eat end knitted tcgeihor und bejatne faat und fioaili^r frienda* 
 IQmr the tine watt ripe she propoeed to thia old wonan th&t she tecmh her 
 to read and write eaying* '*You huTo tau|^ tm eoGaathing w&luable vhloh I 
 haiwe long w&nted to knew« and I sr aew giving to teuob you to read und write* 
 
"i» m 
 
-29. 
 B«fbre tho old m>i.*n Iomw it« either through) a fBaothared dMlre to be 
 ftbl* to write to bar «bMnt soni or thrc (^h fear of leAiag wak * 
 VAluAbXe boordwr, she took a peocdl and «&• eoon oopylag tlie letter *E* 
 the flrvt letter in her moae*" 
 
 The «o«ieliaiag iafluonoe of tlMMe Mhoole i« abovn in eciwinUUi 
 ^Amf they ure held* A fflliBol trueteo writes, **! hAwe lired in thie 
 •osciunity Sbt fiftywfive yeere and I never ea» euoh InterMt ae we hure 
 ■•«• The eohool UMd to just drag ctong and mbody seeaed interected. ^ 
 iwer iMd a guthering at the eehool and aohody thaught of wieiftlHg tikt 
 ■ebc^clQ, t% had not had nlcM aobMl b«Kt three weeica uaiil we fpt 
 toftlhvr ri|^* We papered the liottee, put in new «indowa« Ba4e IMW 
 •iepe» oootributed the mtav and beof^ the winter* i fUel* Bftw we hawe 
 * Uwe ftaiJay Sohool, a einislag eehool, prayer neetinga and praaehing. 
 Feeple of 4.1 dea»Bdaatlon& r^eet and vorahip in unity*" 
 
 The ttwdiea pursued in thMe idLght sc^ols ore reading, writing^ 
 arlthMtlo and s elllac* Brief drills are giwn in the Mwantial faets 
 of laiiguage, history, csogr<^phy, oivios, aanitution, agrioulture and 
 l»rtioult!Jire« The readiac t«^ ^o the l^owan County Sohoel Ueeaenger, 
 •dlted by ^le County SuperiatMAeBt, published weday and furnished free 
 ef eharce* 
 
 This esperleiMMi in Bowan County, Kentusky, showi that it is wsslble 
 to hrU^ help tc illitMWte aso and wisen uad«r the a»st diffioult oir- 
 ovBSt noes fbr these people had WA f w s i s to truvel, high hilla to olii:£}, 
 but they e««te, walking cdles, oarryiag babiee la their anas* 
 
 The tsasbsrs are in the aainy aatiwea of Bowan County, deor-ly in 
 •jB^nthy with the people ttd their »s«4a, a naoerated to the eauses of 
 education, and detemined to wipe cub illit«re^« 
 
•ou» 
 
 mm tm uammt was n^mm n almama. 
 
 The annual MMilJle of ite flouilMni BteMiiowil AtMoUtlon >mlA 
 tn Ifettaton, Teima, in 1911 c<kY« a Atlagfttlon of Alabaiaa BduMiors th* 
 •ppcriunlty of hcarla^ Mrs* Oera Wilaon St««»rt toll of tho r«f!ArkAble voric 
 l»«lns <3cn« in Um ■■iiiilfcal iii of KMAlMky, for rcsiDvinc illitcraoy* Hor 
 •tery «pp«olod to tho Alabtiaft repriMlotttatl'vos, ^lino xBumxaovialy a{proed to 
 oxtMid to hmt ftn invitation to viBit the Stato axd addross the Alakoaa 
 Kduoatioml AMooistion. l^s* rileon aoooftod the invitation and hut 
 •ddress «a« the aoct intfirlnc nvrnr dolivered befbre tl>e A0soaiG.tloa« 
 Dartof; the Gpritv; of 1914 tho ooaoprntition of the (\:uiiiy >3uperlRtsQdiMt« 
 «Mi •nlisted in a taeyvmrns^ to aeoxire a ooznplete list of Illiterate white 
 ohildren li i l — e ii tho agM of eight and twenty y«ars« I1ie roault of thi« 
 Inwtiifpition brought the g«m«ral publie to a full realisation of the 
 jfliket that the mill of negleot «aa busy grinding out a nana erop of 
 illitoratea* It did lauoh to atiotilate the publio eoaMlenM to a full 
 reulieation of the neoessity of a oonpuleory attondanee law irtiioh wm 
 illiiltd by the . \lab44ia LesitUture the neoet yiar. 
 
 The eawoutive oonnittee f the Alahana Eduoational Aeuoolation 
 Adopted ae a ea ifi g n Slogan, "Illiteraoy In Alehan^wLet'e renoTe it«" 
 Hhe State Legislature paeeed a bill i^ch fiaa eigned by Oovernor Henderson 
 autlioriaJng the oreation of the ooexuission ibr the removal of adult 
 illitaraoy in Alalwaa* Vht aet eveatine the Aletnaa Illiteraoy Oonr^ission 
 proYidesi 
 
 Ant there should be wreated a ockx lesion tu be known as. "The 
 AXeWaw Illiteracy Qoenission, vhioh slmll bo oonp^ sed of five persons 
 ittoluding the State Superintervdent of Sdooation. It shall be the duty 
 of this OGraoission and it ehall have the power tc wdce researohes, oolleet 
 
illb'XAlid 
 
4»ia« end proaurc ih* tcrrioM pf Mgr ^^d '^l'^ ooErunlties of ihe St&te 
 iMking to tlw obtaining of « n»r« Ait«il«d kBo«l«d$e of ih« true 
 ■QaiMtloa vf tiM SMkIw in raeard to ita adult iXlit«niqr rad VAport 
 r«(«lMrl > ills rMttltfli of its labors to th« Ok>T«ra»r and to p«rfbrm My 
 «iher oat viiloh la its dlaor«tlon ^ill oontribute to ib« •lieiDAtion of 
 ilM St«t«*t (iduU lllit«r«ty« by mmvM of tho •duoation and anXidMaoBMit 
 of lllitarat* per aosi la tho St^^te of AlAiaas aad tl» OMiaisalMi ihall 
 •■PmA any ilnto «liUli ii aay rvtaive in aooapiMW «l*li Mih ragolatlcna 
 «« it my froa %tam to tisia adopt* SIm wmfbrnn of tka aowdaoii^n ahall 
 roeoiTo no oonpMiation for iimAjt aarrioao mr axpauMo of ua^ kiad out 
 of tha StP.te 'ZfaQtvj, but thay AaU ba rolubwQad cut of any fundi vhloh 
 any eoaa ialbo the hmtdo of ttaa aaMslcelon tnaa otliav aoureaa tor tha «»• 
 of tha ooBMlaalMi Sar tktiM ntwti trcfallas airt atlHr n a aa i aary —paiwai 
 inourrad in the infHuiaaiiua of thoir dutloe. 
 
 fha 6«oratary»Traaaurer «aa authorised to aaloot In esoh ocunty, 
 at laatt flro oltCeane, to aerva hb a County aitb^aoiwnlaslonj to solicit 
 demtioaa f^r tka fiapthitanaa of tha mamamkt and to aiipoint & fiald 
 afot to trxvel ov«r the st^ta in the intcraat of tha aauaa* 
 
 fi» aotsniaolon aw a d tha first UmiA ay in JuEie aa "Illiteraoy ^y*** 
 mA meaoatad the Oovarncr ta ^roalaia it aa aash and to appaal to ttaa 
 citisons of Alalwsa to obaarra it* 
 
 fka Oo^araor of Alatauoa laauod tha followiag rToolamatlons 
 
 "X« Charloa Boaiaraon, Oofarnor of Alalaaa in raspaaM to tha «dd» 
 apraad aowtiaawi <M»as our peoplo, aaciiraaoad by tha L^slutura of ^^^aVuna, 
 tlia ilU i h i w ii XU ttoP oa y ftiaatniaa aad tha flialwwa EduoatioBAi ikaaoaiation 
 do Iw ra h y act apart and dMriLpMto the f Irat Uoaiay la Juna, 19X5, to ba 
 a lh a afwd thrcu|^««t tha Stata as Zllitaiaoy Jkky, aad X appoint and fix 
 
:~-k 
 
 ''.^!*i*wL«' i^'rgf^ 
 
 ,teM4. 
 
IMt Ml the tlJw irtwn vvvry Ulli«rat« mn, mim aii |O M > h iB tht 
 
 auiiiiwiiiiilii Itti shiill cooM«rat« hSntelf to tta» ••r«lo« of hU St*t« and 
 innnity ma ih» dkt* «h«n tlu» p«ftpi« alMill «i«t« ooni'^r and organlM 
 •MN fbr ihft VnjilrtwwwH of i]llt«raay In the Mffwral ooaaanBities* 
 
 Z •ail upon the t«Mhers in mmrf omemAty, th» mIIkk)! i mpra tm m i^ 
 MeeolatloM* tHe (1wrt>er of Cowmrm, the Paiva«r't wloae, the pr—B of 
 the 8iaie« the nialat«3'» le(«y«re» phy.<$«iAl8» faniere, buelneee nen, «ad 
 ell etiwre to lay aside oattMre of pr irate oonoern and to liaartily 
 ttMOfemte ia vortcim otit ptane tor the r«ia»*fRl of llliter^y. 
 
 Kith • lofty faith and reoolution that Algth!»n , xea&or the fa^vcrable 
 gidjanie of AliA#ty Ood* ehall vipo m»y the hla«^ stain, I oall on 
 «fery iltentt* ■»% woaa »al «ihild of every etatlon, ooonninity or wedd 
 te ocMMMTtAe 'uloMlf to tl4.a etiifaaarus, thou^ ■lyrwi — t a bl e tMk«" 
 
 B«fbre attaiMnK the vtobl«B It wm i te me d wise to datenAae it*a 
 WiBfit1ii<lt< Xt «a« f .uad in the f]hlt«d States Cenaue report of 1910 that 
 there ware S41«m pewoiai in ilabMsa trota Urn efae ef tea to twenty 
 taalwtve, ir> per eent of «hcm, or My406 are illlterato, i^lle fToa the 
 OfM of SI aad over, thatro vave 1,016^010 fWtone* 26 per eent of vhon or 
 MM^ «aii aeitber rea4 aar write* Ahmis ^^ ^it? population thore 
 were 31,061 rmlea of wtlag afi and 33,705 nature wmm vtio were Ullterate 
 Aronf; the a^proa«« there mtm 99«T44 anlea over 21 yeara of age and 
 IPBfUt ftaalea* 3mMaAy-dto'.3r per oerib of the adult lllitaraoy in the 
 Ha4e ia amae the aaipnoae pefflailim* Only 5,874 of cur netive T^te 
 lUlteratee are eity deellerc, ^'^ilo 80,894 of thora roaide ia the oouairy* 
 fha town iwt* ie 2*6 per oant and the oouairy rate is 11»5 per •eoti. The 
 lowest rtito of 11 literacy ia in ^nt gw a w y County* 
 
 The real work of roooving illlt«raoy waa hardly hwfun before the 
 
 * 
 
.i^-.. 
 
 **fJftttK/* 
 
ooEsdtfticn -ms oonfyonted with the ..ooea&iiy ©f ?e'.v-':.;-c: uddibiciial 
 tmiB vith «1 loll io fUMB« ifce £X>v«mMBt« ButWn itttEApftlgps ««re 
 lm«{;«r«t«4 In miqr •itUs of th« H*4«* The Slogan "llllter»«y in 
 AUterta • L«i's rcrvvft it,? axd iho iBsab«r 36S,779 ic^e pi'iii«d wpum 
 %h» Yitttten* Mm and wrv»n ot iBtollicsnM Abo^o the KVirafiaj hvlM 
 hrougjht ftice t: fnoe ^Ith the a»ioundinK figurcM priiitod en tho button, 
 optnXy oonfVMi89d they t)r«r(» lipovant of oduostional ocnditiomi in the 
 •tat«» A d«8irQ fnr Infbrafttion tnui itisnlatocl^ reaultli^ in a pnarftl 
 mamVwing of tho publio •onidlonM A3 to Alttbcusd's dtty in apaedlly 
 
 TIm ttubjMt of lUltarMgr wm U^^j^oniDCt in tho iainda of the i^eopl.«} 
 It cra«upi«d » {VOffiiumt ?Xa<Mi on aUlb pro0r«ni and mts dlsmssad viih 
 iiAllmg eCfMA froa ilMtfi£l|ti. As tho 11^ v^s tlvorm upon the aubjeot, 
 ooanendciX orgKnlsiktloiko b«fM to r««ilis«f lit •ccnosdo aigniri«a..oe and 
 mt^mA vithoui rMfirvotlon loto tlia spirit of ths ptiblioity a»f«BM*« 
 
 Tha r:»rf:i 8trU:lng affoot cf th9 fimpittjpfMt i*a« tlialr sfaMTftl iiiflumfto 
 in iproparinc tte HitMla of thn peoplo A»r « ftnwl? •onsldofttiion of tha 
 MMd icT better aohool flR«iXltiM« a ixied tliat oould be taat only by 
 giTlac ^^i^(>* ^^ fifdhb of lc>«Kl tnxatlonp The fmp o i gn truly p&red tlie 
 nfcy for the gro^t loe&l tax vlotory of iSr-irw'ibor 7t.h,19in, 
 
 As e reault of thei IXlltereey tniimitgi ftduXi ac!)M>l« hbve bean 
 oonAioied in sore then teo thirds of the eountiee of Alailwiwa and eoiae 
 «ork itua in All ^^>bC)bility bean done in every eounty. 
 
 AAoerHne tc tho bieml*! mmm fopert ef 19U ^i«re vero 20O,59B 
 «hiie ehildmm b e tn ai DB 'Vtm a|^ of i«n end %eenty in Alebee«i>« 26*SS9 of 
 «lMa were totally UUterete* The eenfua flcoree of 1916 ahoved 296*572 
 oMLldren of eehool age of whieh SftlM vare tllUei'ete^ Xlliie«e«y ae»as 
 
tAite ohildi' c^nb* Tte r«tx>H of th« 
 
 ilUt«r»cy OoMBi..: Sot 1916 t tm w cfl ihntl 2,969 Aiali« ««r« iaagliil 
 
 to r«ad ftnd «rU9« The fHWA t A H ftil o a il prupo||M4a liiieh ««• 
 «arriod iato tho renotniit «a«(tl«M of f/w«ty oounty Aoq^intinc; tte 
 9li»Uo with the Sitttua of llMJXy ix^ th« State «mi to iCII|ptiT« in 
 MMMpllaMac t}i0 objoot for wldoh it ima tntoxkded ihut t)M Btait of 
 tto* i^?Xe WNMi w w ilo i mua to th« iiaportani* of batter «^k>o1 oonditloiui 
 in e«i»rAl« Ths ♦afbrtwrnrt. of tbe ooiapuXsory £itteadlftno« Inry whicA 
 'brntum mtt ml Uw Oote^ber Ist , 10X7« ^11 proviB ft Imb AiffUalt teifk 
 ¥a*mt» of tl: ' c'-r>t>ai^r:« TiM «KroXUMHb of oliLliron of sofaoel aft in 
 tbe St«4« Ibr ih« yob? 19I&»1G ghvmt m 4i at i» d iaerecuie oTsr the 
 mxtollamA one year a^o* The statlstiot wham mn iaarvmo of 51^991 pupile* 
 
 Sduo«ti»Wi4 wet^HMni (Wong the Mqp^oea« oboerrlng th» is-toeeea of the 
 iMte teft«hira in eaUiHR llUtarMy httitetw« feqiieeted th«t tlwy 1»e 
 l>drr.itted to siwrtieipftto in raiaiiis fund^. The eoacdesion had & button 
 ante Imurin^ the UkanMo of Bo^^r ¥• Waehin^on^ tli^ cr«ftt l««4»r of 
 hia raod. 
 
 A trtntndoue ing^im taM been (i-ven to the nemalf to vipe the 
 •talii of iliiterftey in .^tehca* froMk iMme ^^ vol^Md peopl^v, through 
 the iafXttwaee of ih« ttixt^^-Cive i ei eh e t e inetitute« ieiidm4»i Airiag the 
 yeer, the mmmX Meetiog of the au^ihm ttett* ln^wrt AMMUtlps^ the 
 mtamr aohDols f&r teaonere* «»d the ymrllf mo«Imi of the Vezmeeeee 
 Yfelley Yee oher e AMoei&ilon. 
 
 At eae of the fuwei ■ 1 eeeecibly ptnrioAe of the T n i keg e e Itatltvtee 
 »mwt mmtmr Mhcol for tetiehere, the entire tine wm devoted %e e die- 
 oueeion of t}te illiton^oy w>tk in the etate imd in iteving the teaolieni 
 hov to arg^niee the w>fk« 
 
^^M*^ 
 
-t5» 
 
 Xn 1910 VirglttiA Iwd 0S«iS6 llUt«x«tM> 2«S68 ol* vhots «Hr« Ibrslsn 
 and stlxi. nor* iMMMKUble, 81«105 of the 68«tt6 WMr« aniiw bora «hitM« 
 Oi^ or th» 2,iSol«6S0 negroaa lllltortttM* TirKloia famiahad U8«teO* 
 Ibntem liftir* htm. Mooa^listwdl by both rseae la Vlrslnl** During tlM 
 Mmtm WtVMtt VKO Aud IdlO the mfff^t— in YI«gUli» MdaMd tlioir 
 llllioraAy 88 P^r ooztt but tho ^iltea bvou(g^ about a reduction of only 
 it pwr «Hit* / oeiHftiri i^tuto ^duoutor cm9 midg "Th0 atfro «ltuntioB 
 will %uk0 •aro of lt««lf If wt koop tlio uatlvo ishlto tttatlatlot constantly 
 iMifbiM ottt* •yM»" 
 
 Th« SMtlve tllitiiilily of ft^nii OsmIIw atill «3e»»ada tbt^t of 
 ViirglQicL» bttt c«feiNMn 3900 and 19X0 liortii Oaroliaa rcduoad lllitoraey 
 Sa pa«> MDt* Saoivtary of tte Stote Bsard of Bdaoailo^ nadtaa to fbllctdag 
 apt»<^l io ttM «opXo of VlrgiiiUs 
 
 Ito aaa with a f|nf1c of hcnanlty in hUi soul m^a ftxil to reallzo that 
 tha Uld DGoandoB irti»ii24 rid h«rsoli' of this benaful shade-? that hac fallan 
 aHaart our proud o&t;!:«i3Msalth« nc san vlth a prop«r sanse cf oltlstMa^lp 
 ottu ffeiU to uBAMtUaA t)»^t ha OMst dc' bis i^rt tcDurd uprootlnf tha evll| 
 m mm mi'^M t\m tviUast idsc of propcrtioas ma fitll to saa ilia 
 lainvtaiBaa of o&rryins adoeatlon alwtt to iba throahold of vrary 
 Virginto iMMw**' 
 
 Tha avar^p» lllltarsiiea fbr oLtlae in tlw f&ilted St^itas hsvtne 
 lOOyOU) population Is 4 oufc of flMry MSD irtiUe tha SMVafe in V|||g|i||A 
 io 80 wlilte out of (tvory 1000* Xn proportion to its population howovor, 
 BioteMid has ai^t tlkaas laas llllteraoy thaii tho rest of tha St&ta* 
 
 ttsistttly graat affbrt has boon satds ta abolish llUtarcioy by 
 ■asm of the nlf',ht soltools* At procsot there are in tl^ nifht sehools 
 of Vtmtmuad, 3,64ft persmoa of ahna a tmi^ aajority ara b^oafi aiAioeX a^a* 
 
■■-tt^wtf 
 
Tlw Sitlnoail S«Ik>o1 Board thinks ft p«reoa «lio tea not oompl«t«d th* fifth 
 rtAd»r grftd* la not to bo olA«a«d tkr abov* ilXiterftoyc 
 
 fliera «wr* In TTiaocnoin 67769 lllltomtos ov«r t«n yMrs of agt 
 MMording to tho oonsua of 1910 and 120^666 non i n^lioh spaakiag residents* 
 Isn't thia i9faU.iz)6? It ia aapaolally ao ainaa it taaa lN»an provad tliat 
 aagr paraoR of ordinary intolligenoa who has nerer laamad to raad or 
 vrita in any langnaga a«t «!■> oan apaalc bd llngliah aan aoqulra a good 
 voriElng kaavladea < f six hundred Knfi^lish words, aim with aaaa raad 
 ocncgoon proae» write lagibly and have a kn>vlad(;e of sinple aritlsnetio* 
 tlw tioa nquired la aixty hours or one hour u day for tvelye veeks, five 
 daya a tMek* 
 
 Dm {>eroentage of illitamoy fbr Fiaconala la 3*2« This ia lower thwi 
 il» pwaaiilaiea tor the Country at large iiliioh is 7»7. It is interest Ing 
 to ooapara ilia par^ontaca of illiteraoy with natgjHbaring states* Illinois 
 Ins 168,274 or 3.7 per aant illi^vnAase UloliigHn haa 74,000 or 3*3 
 per oani* Ohio has 124,774 illiterates or 3»2 per oant. tdSBMota taaa 
 ^f83d illiterates or 8 per oent* lomi has 29,889 illiterates or 1*7 
 par oaRt« Io'« haa the loweat p i nmta ge in the Tkiited Stataa* Sacdi of 
 thaaa atataa reduoad its illiteraoy greatly in the tmaxty yeare nreaedinr; 
 tlM la«% t&tmtX aanaus. T7iao. naia lad in t!i.a mpMtif iMtag daa r a a aad 
 illiteraoy 88 per aant* WiaaMMla nay hm sraat proud of its raoord for 
 it 'iiiniamallad by only tao other seotiona of the oountry, the Biatriot 
 of Colusibia, irhare the reduetion '•aa 81^ aal fa— n idiare it was 60^ 
 
 TMLa radnetion of St par aaot adoivabla as it is, affactad largely 
 %lw group of paopla aoning under school a§a and «aa brouj;fat about by 
 b«ilar ocHapuIaory aMandanoa lavs and a nora atriot enforoenMii of th«a» 
 
ioftmn 
 
 
 .rj^t*' .,*!ri«c <:■ • 
 
 lOnfA:; 
 
rasoaehuaetts, vihidh •hcrwa a tauoh analler p«>r««]t*f» of 
 ff«Ana%lon (19^ tor this •«•• pMri»di« raully oorreoted llllimraey of 
 thPMi tMVMA th* mmpaSLmtry MtaooX •(• aora thtm did '«Vi8oonaln, fbr 
 l£a«Mahuaatta Iwa liad ft iMr upon har atatute booka fbr aaarly thirty yaara* 
 raquiring illitarata minora over fourtaea ya«ra of aga to ftttaod aohooX, 
 if they livad fbr a yaar la ft city or toan oftintftiniag ft m aa ni ing aoheol* 
 fa MMrt this raqulranant MaaMMhuftetta now dal'liMa tha ataadard of 
 litamoy to wmuk ftbllity to roftd ftoA iwlta fta ie requirad fbr ooisplation 
 •f tha fburtk graia* llda la tw aboro tho ordinary interpraiation of 
 litatftc vhioh Miaftiiy ftaawta to itliillty to write cne'a own aaaa and 
 erdiaftry ainpla words. 
 
 Baaida the 67,769 illitaratfta in Wiaocnain thara are the 120*666 
 aoB apftaHwg li t ar ftt aa who atwuld ftatqulre ft raftd iw g and apaaddiig kaavladeo 
 0t Incllah be^aoaa IMaVftl Mgi^tions d a aa i iKl ability to raad ajad apailc 
 before oitiaenshlp nay ba actiferred. 
 
 Va are helped to a mawar appvwidatiian of tha iatftraat that a 
 
 Lty ahould take in taaohlag J^liah to Its fbraigiR spaakicg reaidenta 
 
 by rafereiice to a altuutloD which ooourred in Detroit in the «intor of 
 
 1914 •IS* TwantyMthraa tViouaaad unamployad waitaan applied to tha Baftrd 
 
 •f OaaMTQft for warlc^ f ifiaan tkouaand oould not spaak iagliah* ' ork 
 
 •amid aat b# fbuad fbr the non Bni^ish apaaking people* and thay and their 
 
 ftedlisa ware ublio ohargae daring tha wiatar* Tliia lad Detroit btuiinasa 
 
 MM ta aonalwia that the te&ohlng of Engliah and tha ftsainilfttloQ of tha 
 
 i—ig if ftiii ia ft olTio MMMaity rather than walfftra work* Taaah«ra 
 
 •■nidftlly ahould be intavastad ia tmhlag 1^0A»h to foreign born 
 
 Hwatltaa for thara ia a direst relation b a fc aa an thalr lack of knowledge 
 
 w€ B^Kliah and the prograsa of their ohildrwa In aohool* Tha graataat 
 of oaaea of rotardatioa oooura aaong (^lldran outsinf; fror hosmi 
 
f*nrfSf.. 
 
 
 
 4$A-^i- 
 
 
 ift^'VIR' 
 
m. U- 
 
 «li«r« SD English la aiiokatu 
 
 Wiccooaln la «wtabliahlag axtttnsioa cohoola for those iilioaa laaeda 
 «ro not raii by d»3r MliBoXa* Zta Imv provldo for th« •sUblitkwMd 
 of eonkiflHtlon tofaools vhloli nnsi MMfh hoy* sad glrla ba i— a u th* 
 •§tt or fourt«aai and lai ynt etp «l» iMMPt l«ft sohool to •ngage in 
 oaonpfttions other thaa •grioultura or doatstio eervloe* ThM* Mhoola 
 a»y and do^ r«fi^<di p«»pl« b^^nd the ummtikmm ya&r ac* linlt* 
 
 m ir y MaHaBlty of ovwr 6,000 Inhabitants Enurt am! svwpy one of 
 Ums than 5,000 nay hotvn ata Industrial •du«itlon board, a part of '«hoa« 
 4M1«» ahAll b» tlw ftstwPiiHu •rtrtlttUlM and laaUKHtwlM mt 
 oontinuation •ofa»ols« holding day and avealng ••■sions* Such sohDola 
 MWt be •stabliahed on petition of %«e«iy-fiTe persons qualified to attend 
 tlww» Thifftj^ioae HMoaaln cities have eoniianation sohools and al||iA 
 eaeslone are eunAMked la aoaaeiiilaa* These aitles in a nuasber cf maes 
 aaike speeial ef^rt to enroll adults vlio are in need of sohoollag* 
 
 TkM «e see that • nation elds neVMBBi has be«i liMSf idaiT for 
 the purpose of Mwwrleanlilt onr ell«i pspiaBttoB as veil & extending 
 edueetlosal «diex4»ses to tliose iihe have been isnisd than* 
 
 The vitality of this question nas ^^ut strongly to the nation during 
 the past year in a fom tl.at eas not altogsther agreeable* For the draft 
 revenled the astonisliing fhot that thsre eere 200,000 out of 2,000,000 
 BMit irt» could not reed their orders or undera4aad than when MUlMvedi# 
 or read letters aent thaa fipea lMBe« 
 
 If Bsn eanriot be eonrerted readily into soldiers but t^unt be held 
 in eaape «hilo they reeeive a prftnary edueation, eurely no one ean holA 
 that this is a Better desM>ving of norely St»te cittention* 
 
 This aeve s wBt is fostered by the FederaJL Bureau of Xaedgritlon, 
 
vti s>c«it.* •mti^.itr' 
 
 *il .;■;. 
 
 sC^'i 
 
 
 . ',i<t'**«'f*" 
 
 !:JSlsifitf9 »:-i^ < "BKldV-vS; «llA 
 
•QS»«» 
 
 It iB trite thftt tho w»rk «m wnlwrltfien prior to the F«d«rftl QovwraMHut* 
 int«r»«t but OcnrenaDent sid hM giv^ it fr9tlh lafMius* 
 
 S1i» hiatory of this IMUrnl R«tlvity is tliat th« Bftiur*lis«tloa 
 oourtt iNHNi finding it wmo»»mry to rejeot or to oontlant Um omm« of 
 rly IS per eont of those i^ho «kb« up £or •Itisaoahip^ on oooouai of 
 
 igap9wacM of the appli«itais« or bu niif of thsir look of kzioirlacle^ 
 of our ecitwrwMat* 
 
 Tlw Bfttundizaktion Buraau r«a«on«d ihnit alnoe the Orniigiiiniit 
 prevldM ihftt bo court Adoli an ftlien to eltlMeChip uotll it la tatiaflod 
 ^btt h« i« »ti>hw^ to the ptitmiphm of tlw •oiwtitutlon, it la the duty 
 of th» (omraMOi %o ■•• thai ^orlalon !• ettde to inttruet aliena In 
 tarn— prlnclploe in order tlwt the apirit of the prorlsion nay h — cw 
 •ffMtiw* 
 
 Tho 00 i<»ltrtiiu that tlw Sweuu of SK|i«ftllM*io» it ••iklas to 
 Mtabliah with tiM» pMblio eohods in tlie natter of giTins wCtamMMmX 
 •df ntaya to appXiowoto for oltiaensiiip* vill of itself reaot upon thoae 
 of longer r«ilAiM« here, vho m liadii^ereat to prinrllega and dutle« 
 of oltisenehip* 
 
 9m Bnraan •tiaaqito to eatablisli this oo«ep«i«iiDn Iqr fttraiahias 
 IWlbllc aohool imthorltles vith c£)ntiU,y Xiata cf appXl«anta for oitisonahip 
 in all oowaiMiiiet Kl i e r e there la &n alien population large eooui^ to 
 Jutttify the oateblliAawBt of eohoola for thon« Tiwatt lists inolxade clso 
 of tho wlv»a cf the petitioners* for tho Goyerniasnt now 
 iA9mt sa t«usiiiaUjia nHlteiMi sad li dMlrous of Instruotlng 
 •mA itBMrl«Ani£lng theei as vsll as their husbands* 
 
 Letters are sent by the Buraau to mpflimuAB and their wives, telling 
 %imA of the advantagss that would aoorue froo their attends: loe at sohool. 
 
■amiitm*^ ^^?-i^ -' 
 
 ■mfnii-i 
 
 .'ii'^usMis-m ojoskj «R4 ^ ^^isatrn'tim^ 
 
 
It Is «BKp«ai«d tiAt th« loo&l 0o}iuol« by 'nurious tsmana, will fbUow 
 ii|> %YmB9 l«tt«r» vad bricg to th« ftttMition of the r«oipi«nt«, iho 
 •pportxmltlM th*t ths Mteola offsr tlaanui 
 
 In tfi« t»«t, anplosMHra of labor ta«i» Beisetinosy ofiMMlA tatttel F fce 
 %• atfuMW %lM ilXIA«r&te, «iU«if»Uag m oxm ou|«mm» ^taRt lili^r 
 wifst would b« dwmfidvd. Tlodfiy iJam mtit ealis9A«Md wployvre ar« 
 fiRiK)rii^ bettor •^oollns cuxd Mr* vtm. aAktag fo-iiTislon to tainr* 
 •duotitiojtAi ojipoHuiiitlM ofiHMiA •» Um pmaAam vkar* tlwf work* 
 
 Ihan «• ac'i»!4flr that 88«6 par «HDt of the forei^ spMkiMg 
 SinlpMts arriving, in this oountry re orer attuMM yiMU's of ago^ 
 and thM beyond Uie iBflnMiM of tte pc fcl to day soliool, «« r«i^liM 
 that it is lapfrative tor ue to eeteblish sc!iool« in «hloh they amy 
 be tAUghi fiaglifli Md oiilMOBhip so th«t %hiy sa^ b« proparly faaa^lgumX^d* 
 Tb* last etatlatics ahMMid ilwi otily 1*9 per oent cf ti;e Turaiflia bom 
 whitM^ ovtr <we n<g ri< m i y«aro of a^i fttt«cid aobooX* 
 
 WHkKt ^Hm Un»t mtur&liM4io« {»p«r« wm tiX^A witb tb* ol«i^ of 
 wurts and a ditplitalMi of «11 iwliigiiUjKlwn pvwra anit b« aasi tc Mit 
 buraau cf naturalisation, and it io in tvia wty that tha burwm obiaim 
 the nataes, oooujpatioaa uid ajliffiimiii of all alimw applyiag for oititanship* 
 Wum tfame P'-pers reach the Burtaa of iaInraUwtioa, ibe wmm of tbe declarant 
 ia reocrded on a white peat be«9A wurd, wliich card twifctinw full 4ata m 
 to nane, resideiiee* o«aa9«UiO% mitienaJitar mi* •!• of the alien an4 
 this eard is arrai^tpd to thew the tdiiBaitieaftX rating of the deelarant, 
 and on the baefe: of the o«ftf proviaimi la m4m for keeriXHt * vooord cf 
 hia attMntenM at the sehooX Ibr Vm> ye&rs* A liMff •erd, oontuinlne the 
 Mi» is r-ade out ft>r the allea wbe a'rlisa for oitiBenship,(aeoond 
 i) aod a gpe«K oerd it aate eat £or tho wife of eaeh aii«n« a hlvm 
 
. \ u 
 
 .matim 
 
 I'mnS' muti^JsaUit^^*^'}-* 
 
 
 f>* 
 
 '41 4ft« 
 
 ■ ' ""Cj^lWid 
 
 ■ ;.'>• 
 
 4f 
 
 •mm'^'r^s 
 
 tVLt 'VtVONM 
 
 .•iWEtite '«*y*r»». 
 
 ■iv.vKi 
 
«tfA le {Mrepored oonicti^ing Urn sftw dftta for u«» tilitr* the aXImi llMi 
 rtwwifd tttm ft pMtlouior eolsool distriot to tknothor «fid the iMfthar U 
 io r»iuru i>t&i to the biur^au^ giving ilw tlMnmrt ftiirws of tiift alian «» 
 tbH IdU auM BAy b« toat to tb« wupvrlaiwMliMt of ttoo Mlif'Oi &t that 
 plft«« lAMMm be h<Mi I f— im d« 
 
 IlM«« OMTda «r« (4roa|>tXy ifsnwrdM to ^i» i>U|>«rliit«ktont of th« 
 ■tlwol v>» is •xpMAftd to tuxTi then vnr t» tlM i«uAMr of tl^o ai|^ 
 •obool^ (Old «he& thM« «rda «ro wot to tha SuvMrlatendtcit, a letter la 
 MKt to the aXlea Isftmaiag his th&t hi* wmm faM b««ft Mnt tc the 
 SuporinAaudeiit aud wmrttnt tb UUa tlM *dEVHBitftfi» Iw «iU rocMivo tigr 
 uitandinc the ni^it bCitool* In this vtiy yuu viXl note tliat thm mmm of 
 
 lutd ^ho file pfttitious for full oliiMMliip >-*m proaptXj ftorwurdftd io th* 
 taper intendimt of the tohool aod it raw tmi f^r the oirtwol tiuth^ritlea to 
 cat ia %ett«li viUk tbasft paapl* oad ftftuaa tb«Bi ia «l*ftad ttoa nii^ aoliDola* 
 
 Thaaft ftMNb ftTft yMfftgiJ ta tiMi4 aaple data wty ba awlarad thftfaOM^ 
 relative to the ft#ai»ional atatua of tha wr&aua aliana and tiNi r»«ttU 
 of their atiandftnoa at aahool^ oxid at the and of the first aohool yaar 
 ihey are i^m&rded to the Boram of Baturtl iaatioa, thai t>:lt data aof' 
 to aXassifiad and the raaults of the aohjul ymut noted* Vh»y are t^taa 
 returned to the Super inlwiident for uao ia tha fftaofdl»6 of thia data for 
 itaa Mooad y»r and likaidlta raiumod to ^la Bvroau of alaaalfieatioa, 
 the purpoea of thia toiag to oMftin luiaWMition in • irttotia&l wy for 
 aftbttisaion tc Coaipreaa tu ahov the reeulta of the voric sund to o&aaa 
 Qaagraaa to afford finaaoial aaaiataafta in thia sraat work* 
 
 Xlda briefly ia the plan adapted by i,h» fionmu of Uutur&llMtioa 
 •ftd tfauB far ovter tOO night aftfeBftift taava baan atarted ia the Utaitad JiUtftt 
 
i» M «Mqr M 44 «t«t«s, aad Mw B«n««i of BaiurallMtion thr ^uc^ its 
 HtAd offioers i« urgias ike tatIou* oiilft* and ••stera of populfttloai 
 iiher* there are euffiolcnt aMRkerti of uliene to eeiAblish ni|^ oehoola 
 fbr ilie hmtMi of alien adult a « 
 
 The lure'-iu of lieturul isatioa doee not ptmumm to tell tbo tet^flber, 
 h»« he thall teHoh theee alieM« but it stendt ready «i all tlMM to 
 offior eusgeetioM Mid veniwr Mgr M«iet&xK>e it «ai «lieii •ailed upon. 
 Xt bae printed an outline eoureo in altinwilM» ftnd expeet to oontintte 
 Iseulnc literature on thie iHportant aubje^tf and vlll tbrou|>V Ita field 
 effioere reepond to the eoll of toiiohera to render aaslatuMe in 
 •atteiac Uie attettd an — of allena and appearing befbre the sol»ola,to 
 mmmikmAm ■aliyfal laelleii lana and K^atlAalena* 
 
 the judges «lll« mheo fhoiStiee ibr guiiiiag this kanrledge Is at 
 tend re<F<ii>e the applieant to attend the sohool and thus beeoae profloient* 
 B«4 if theee faellities are not given the ullen« the oourt «ill usually 
 aAsit hiu to oitlseBship even thom;h he dees not kne» vhat the oct«titution 
 of tlie nited i»tatMi is» irtmt it tmuvi tc hia as a citisen, or twv the 
 yfniiiiiit^ of «hieh he Is & F&rt, is oooAaeted. 
 
 TeaMierB, I believe can 4» nore thMt any other body of o Itiseas t# 
 eitempltsh the ed^jeatlng and ^wwrtsanlalng of the alien and then «e shall 
 •ssMM ftlMn and war antfewi bom altliens tc tlJLnk of Jnirlea only* and net 
 Mrely of Axmm1m» ilrst j arid if we e us nee d in doteg ttaat «e ghall see the 
 praetlotti elladantion of %»» hy|lMa In all things AaHMritsd wd tl«s stop 
 the gr-uping of /laerieun eltlsean as «o imve It today and bring about 
 abs^luto ml fleet ion and oonsolidation of all of our rttilisi unto one 
 •eapasi and glorious isiarloanisa. 
 

 
 
 -: •■^■. 
 
 
 -io? it; 
 
 •*> '^#9 W^«W! W 
 
 UVSQJ^. 
 
 ^"mfrnVt^ 
 
•43- 
 
 ftut ««r hM reiT»Hl«d to vm tha biting truth th&t we «re not * 
 united nation. Ive fuoe the l\ ot ttwt flimlii Is not first in Vtm bmHa 
 of srrvry residsnt, t)^t not every HKin vorks fbr '^ooriM^ and that aot 
 •vmry laan trusts her present or believen in her futxo'o* This is atill 
 the lawi of prciaise ftr the %ird of pMHWCe utoo ttxpJioits mm, sktd vims 
 «• pluok in return*" 
 
 8«tttrity ftad y p mytly !■»• biiated «■ to th* fi^«t that «• du net 
 All 8p««k the Mune Ungufcge nor follow the •«»• fl«t* ^ <^^ quest for 
 a»tion&li8A we eteaA hN^*^ *^ ^^ ^^^ before «•« Zt i« no fatdl 
 •Mfaillfttive tesik to preserve the b«8t in the tradiiitms. beliefs^ end 
 ■tMidarda of theee people rt>r the ttMOglhaniae of ivoeriae end to fiire 
 thm eiiou^ of AoMMrlee** ideals to aeke thssi ctroas gItltMin of • d«a»«r«tie 
 oountr^. 
 
 Sie ver is giviag ms • bvwMiiac •poll to find out siid t define • 
 folicy vhioh will insure ijsier loanisa* SBvery gpymnrnmA, but our cnni»lMUl 
 e aetional purpose «hic^ it is eerrying out in i^nwriea vith its e«a Mdbjeots 
 asturalised or alien, thr ugh it» repviMNnkatiVM and afMobs* its 
 publieations, ixwtitutions, iknd busine^e interests* Aaeri»^ aleae la its 
 euB territory has • neg<Atiire -'Wdui-e and is idiheut (» policy* ?«e sore 
 ecneeraed ohiafly vith thfOM «e #an k«ep out or sead haalu Oate an alien 
 is adf'iitted, there ie no eysteta of protect k>u« ditftributicn and asaUdlation} 
 OD Sittoiflc induosBWRt to oitlaeashipl a» aoeoufftfliMaA to a««^r« a 
 ho « stake iu /oMriaa* 8a«tio&al and speeifio inite«<M%s eoag^ate tor «hai| 
 the iisaitfraat has to offer; the parent (oT^irniaant ..eops ab ej^a on the utm 
 arrivui and helps hin in dlstreati* The Mdaral fj ^wmummiL aXeae ffniiilns 
 siluut oad iadiffarsnt* Xt is l^rue we basse tlte beginaing of mxdh a s|«t«ra 
 in several deiaurtBaats . It is esioouvaciag Viuit the Burouu of lIsturMlisation 
 
iM^ 
 
 »eer a -. 
 
 i'ti if IMHBpIJi -Oti. 
 
 ^ 'f.f^' 
 
 '.<!Cfel|Pl MO 
 
 
htm lOmtmi*^ ^^fi atiituda and Is acm V^lng of mmJikmrtiw to dllMi lite 
 havo lipplicd for c)ltl£onul.l.p« TUm"* la iu tao our^teu <ui^ ttoiiBiiQa a 
 DlTlslun qS Zcnlcr<^utd •Ouoaiiou «tiialk £&v tbtt p«fit> thro« ;)!«Ar8 biw hma 
 
 v>t^ of the«« bufwUM do>«« nut r«a«iTe »d»quai« support or ftublioriiy and 
 ten not so fiur bowi ouiMldBrod m sui ■mntlnl part of mkI pmputmBKMum* 
 Xhm viblcu omL fkliit Bad sfr^rt of that* oi^iciala is not p«.;'t af Mqr 
 atroiy d»flttid poXi^y^ it Is mi uoor<liimt«<i vltU il» (ovwranant*! 
 lAi^r Mtlviti«fl and oould bs wipod oiii toatorroia by & sli^Xs ordtar* 
 
 This cc\inti*y is aiivd to Um twfl^iiway of its mrsi^ and iMwy but 
 as yet sasns to hava the stmllest I'lmnaaiitUa olT %ba diael Dlins* talf 
 saarifioa* aud epirii oX* s«rvio« ito»t aaoU oiis of u« iouet «i«qulr« and 
 of tUe r^ood of orfauL8aik>n ulot^^ oatioabl liuas tlit«it Ammrimn 
 iBStitutlous vriXl ra^ulro tu 1m £!r(ip*rod to a-raa aaiaiitiB pttavst AfWr 
 BKuigr sDatl^ of var our sXcfua is "ui^f 9ty first' aaA "^Uate in ^aari«a" 
 vhila toaanis ndtloncil altlsantbip trai«!lag» tovard cduotAl. mX miifiaatioa^ 
 and iodustriuX ^'Qy&s^Ca^ouA, tl>o aa-'Mion ha« aad« Xittit> |Mrog|r»«l« 
 
 Xn the gro vIa; dsnand iltor a sx>r& uoltad Aowritta it iv afiparant 
 thai i&iacri«a naads a natiouaX I94rit vhi^^* ahalX ooaibino roverenea aod 
 s«rrleai a mtiouaX oon«44au«anass vbidli lOiaU ba vilXisig to|imiii«as w»XX 
 as to rsoalvs, banKTlts a»d tc put aoiattb&i^ unto puHt&as as valX aa taka 
 GuiiOtl;lni; cut* Lot i3i^ oim itUiipoee tbat anytbicig short of a national 
 policy, purpose tioiu ootiaa l^usiiese iu «hi<^ aaob ons of via doaa hie fttll 
 aburu, . c/t tho o^iiici^A ..ov d af t^ hour* ow ot^p«ici-ly for nation&Xisa 
 is iip. axoct proiurtiou iw tte ataauraa wm tska fci* its &alii4nregBsat# 
 
 The WAT \mu iaa^ ue tiK t it •wraet bo laft to tfas aomplasaney of 
 tba aativo ^aari«so or to tha vt^lmitE^ry offurts of tbs lMdi|pr«nt« 
 

 v«4««^,^j|^ 
 
-in- 
 
 Ji gvuoral coliing (»i« tonded by net oj^e in i)«rtl«alMi*H|Mt-V% 
 
 fxijf brew u n ttt ioo» liMa U «vtm »»r« truo ituKu «a i'iad so 
 
 oilMT StfifolntwNNrkKl nai^iow waA paftpl* tiirrine W« f^oi* Vte 
 tray faas teug^ii us tit&t t e daaand Ibr ohiap labor otiix*! tK»iifcltiiii %o 
 b0 th9 (rtkitf AotormuiBs <^M4or in ih» admiasiua of iMAfrftiA* b«puaM 
 of AsiarlM** atw i»t«rM4 la ftU«Mi m pioapMiiT* «itiMB>« w» ijoi 
 only iaiv* m pr g« t oAiioawcAaid Jub of MwiuilaiiiOQ^ Uit «• MMd to 
 prtfttre ouriwlVM Ibr ibs uKuV^mm ib*i will ■tii i ii ipi^y ' Mi^%U4i»Ml 
 £or p«aod* We sbalx hav* «it iwci iltrtM ^umUmw of gtmA MA ftMr 
 rwMriiing ii!»»t»M»i^ iaHdtfn*tiim* MaigmUoa Mid ^itlMicM^iy «%«adMpA« 
 
 Xf our iBBlgrsticn bill rofrwMais ihs suu total of tho wUdrai «• 
 •■a gMHMa on issai^mtion^ at aball fail sdaerably to iopri^va tbie 
 apportualty by tubsiiiutiag » oaattraaiiw pciioy, for our ^r«v6UJUi 
 aoffttiTe polioy4 ^mk arbitrary taato at tko Xit«ra«y alauaa^ baaM 
 oa rtm9 aad oiaas tbeorian aad aattt4BBaiiM»« boars x» wt»l or luMitins 
 rMatlon to tbo fuyaiMuonttti imtioBtol aaoAo of tUo counbry* 
 
 iMUoion of aUasMi W thin iovuxtr^ should bo b««<Ml u$aa Vmir 
 •Rpwity fbr ^aorioaiaJjailoB* IDptry lanl^pKnt oboid^ dialora apon bit 
 arrteal Ut^'o* ids iGAoaUMi te rtaaia aad boaoao m oii1n«< l> i^ald 
 bo raqiulrod to \mmvm liiorAto ia tha IftiglUb lanugo, (i!» alalMM 
 •iw^dard to bo AiflnitoAtai) aivfaiu flvo yw»w» tlo{iDrtatl»a ahorOd ba 
 %im PMMlby Abr l^uiliiro to <i0 ao« 
 
 Z^ poUcty of xxitienal odua&tloia la vatz^lfad )tbr a utabtwrnllko ooi>- 
 aldarutioii of siatiuuaUaa. Lcoal aaiaaMBUtaii iMttot aartar ibo buviott af 
 adaaating lorfo awbara of irarwjwg roaidoato ounuorafos vttm tUoy lunro 
 aoi bawl fbroMMmad* Tho relation of o duiat lon to aaoaoaftl labor ia 
 &at*rtaat« 9ha fraat faraao la Amaritiniaatioa *ro tbo bois«« tbo oshool^ 
 
:.»• u*. 
 
 
 
 
the nai<:Jiborh&cd* 7hM!« oaiuibt lafXtiineo ilw Itiavrttiti r««i4»nt, 
 in oD« iova to4tty Mkl fom iOndDrrow* V« wuit ooiiirlTe iitat «duo&tionftl 
 fundi ouXturftl tor ami slmU fbUjnr tbe mas from pla«A to nlftoe If v« ar» to 
 u«Ai«v« nftiiatMaliara through Msiioiltellun* 
 
 OwrWija thiiKg» nr* MoMbiAl te kaaarkt^aimMm Ow of th«t9 1« a 
 oomotk iuBVwgti* !k>t uatll 1^ asoeeeity ft>r mli&nftl defsoM «m 
 iitruat upon tw Usst* wt ooRfiiAirad fcrioviidy reqiiixiiig thai <dl Anairi««ta 
 r«sidk»:ii« iMMTn SMglli)^ It U trus ne t&id In X908 ihsit all mtanat«d 
 •itiMBU riusi Ibve ;uiDv;iodg« uf th« Sasiieh Tangmy bub 1*0 neglMiad t» 
 4tflii0 «h«i «• MMuHf au the kaorwlodfa a»y oonsist at ft* anagr ^rda a« 
 mah Mmnral lHiadr«d Jtiflgiii en/ d«i»lA» is h ftblr t*«t« liot until th» 
 buaiuM* MMi £bu2ia tUftt a kzKnriladft of ij)gii«h r«duo«;3 »«oidenrt8 did he 
 iadoraa sight aotiDoIs* 
 
 ji» iaalffaot Xandi ia ABaricw& and g«ia iitai%0tm' K>rk ha »an. Bo 
 d»«i ac»t kad and no gem Willi 11 1 aflmiiflkcet tha t«>ouble tc tell hin, 
 trtMit partiaulor rosirioticafi there are on uny gitva oeottpat&on* 9> one 
 etqplaiBa to hUx for whioh ^b he has to li«v» a ll«e:i«Q or ifridh oeoupatione 
 are opMi only tc citlse&s* Ho doe« not kasm our ordlsnnces aboiA the 
 diei»aux K>£ gurboge or aahaa* flxt say ooaa from a regioa wtmtt th<»re ve 
 m Omm mA»cIu« »nd ha 4»«« not kaov ihr^t the lew in this e^rrtr;f 
 ooUgee hia to aciad his chilctywa to oo^kjlI, Iftnrittingly with ttte beat 
 iaMationa iu thD «orld* be aay otfrnxl In Mlwatairtry relatlrn of his life. 
 
 Xgnoraixt of hi& ri^« not underatModias vlhat his cf fanee iQ> he ia 
 tried und ouixvioiiad wad laavM tlie eoult vaaiBring aliAt he hat d9se ilwt 
 jMiii'lee it la lapaadiag hia aa a Ihv bro ker* As reapast for ^erlaan 
 km and £9T i4aarijvxa juatieo dc^as not oublivo zar^ny e .prrienoee of thia 
 kla»\» aad tlaio aaother door tc ^ui<t>rio£ini.8atioa ia eliHieA« 
 
-*7- 
 
 fk» nailTB />xmrimn tei« a pr*ju4i«* umiast xMriitiliiinK <»«iGt im 
 fywiiffk langiK.K* aad oI%«b Earoo««d« on ib» Uieory iitut. iilito«i|^ li» doM 
 ■»iliii« to fumiith f^UitlM Ibr l«BVniag ii^igliah, U it b«iUr if«At 
 ilM teniiirftab ahould read nuiiiitiis vhiU he imit«« It 1ft idl* to £tmr 
 tiiut tha foreign lantCCMfe liMk ia am obvtMCUi to i>iBeriou]:u.«MtiiftB« Anyihlag 
 ti:ut iuureAeee the eltam inbeixitenee* bnd eapeeiaLly hiu iaf^ramtiAn 
 •bevk Aswrioii is en add^ cc% a liiadfenM« utaide of the l>jree oltiea ttm 
 libnuriea isrre aqf 0olleaiiDri of ilbrei^i boolea* 
 
 IdM li^anMQT te«i ia • Piaiia Dwuiian of ihe naAlvo .«)erieu«*i 
 re«l»a*iiH.Iftlkr Mrt • laisy «uy ^f thkidtalB eoi tlM pv&blaiM V» towve avvar 
 Mi ourc^vM aarimaUir ito <Um» talk of HAtiotMidisftMg imwitum Vktm tM 4i 
 «a wimix :tuvo M« aiioBg » imti&n iia vw Iwwa bri (t§ti and VaUl«a4to mul tM«ka* 
 
 It la Tjoeaible tliat we hatw beer> adnlttlsig V>e attagf people of too ^Ida 
 a variety for tha n&iivo i^ierloeai Ut iaaari«aaiaa* Zt la oarbaitily irtia 
 tlMi «a aif)ould heaiiaiw to ftda&t MOiy otteara «BtU «• lavra teaMBWtraiad 
 •ur ability to pmwUm «i aMteitotiaa faliay £br tto wiien* Wa «BiiBot 
 A>revor depend upon the Miealonary i'^f tba Aairi«»nia»tion of Aliana* 
 
 l£ «« oloae our doore to pr«itt«rve iaiari » a ni»ai iott, iidll It tic^i ba 
 ft aonfaaalon of our utter £fiL lure to deal In a itMteaiaa»lilce afty «lt': 
 the iuiornatiimal or oational aiiuatiun vhloli •onfrwnts us? 
 
 Oenoluaions 
 
 M9 abouid aoand emr anturuXiaatlon Imm and StandRVAlsa aduaational 
 ftfajifiaatie— ibr oitisenabip* Wa abould add to tfai» ^adeu.^; court 
 awa&aaitien, a raquiri iB ea i ttat the appllatait Tor oltixeaalJLp preaeat, 
 with lu.a p«tiiion» « oertiflcate ahowlng or«»dltal*le m>fk and regular 
 attai d a n d a upon »-«« pubiiu aurioul for ai ieaat oa t«r» -ehare Im ra««lipai 
 inetruetlon in ^ jii|;llab uoJ oiviea of « oertate tlandayd* 
 
^■e^'Vk- 
 
 ■mm. 
 
 ■a-' 
 
 ■■x,Ci«::52i.' 
 
VMorttl aid should b« 0runi»d to thes« iuSult iinllioclc «h«r« standixrdt 
 etrn nnlntninad, 7h9 Vsdtml OoTsnaomit should tui^rucie jurlsdioticn of tho 
 vholA «nbi«at of %m&t^.vA eduoation on th« ground thai th« AdsdciiDii of 
 ellenn to the l^Avd States is » PsdMwl z«tt«r and thMNtfbrs ttMiir 
 q*»LXiflontlon fcr eitlsenahip is & oono«rn of the Federul GovsnwwKtt 
 
 1fi» should a^raand the eduoatlonal !««■ to neoetsitut* conpultory 
 ctt.t«)dAn0* of noiNftHsllcAl apcslcini; «nd illlt.nr«t« persons bsAwsMi the 
 mffn of femrtaan and tamij ^ oi w <lxlaf tka atandard of litaraay traLnint* 
 racptlrad as •qul'Mileist to the oonplation of tha Fifth Grade 1 publlo aolwol* 
 
 lAbor 1mm ahould prohibit tho mwilo^^cmvA, of minor e imiMS vae-ly 
 vaporta of raf>:ular sohool sttondanoa ara p r a s a n tad to aetployorsa 7ha 
 l^kUiral Oovanawit ahould reoulre all oiilos to naintaln areniai; alaasaa 
 anl orbenA faollltioa fax adxtoatin;; fcraignara auoh aaaaop aohools* 
 lnd^l8triAl aaA TDoatlonAl aotioclsj* ocntlnuE^tion aohtola, pftrt tlaa sahools^ 
 VDVloars alaawaan and pNnrida frectaxt bQ<te« 
 
 la lATfa «itlao thia «bi4c of •du«a41ni; tho illitarata ahould ba 
 tnidar o oupaanriaor apmiiAad by tha iMparintandwit of I^ac«ktloB with powar 
 to atandaMisa swthoda, aubjaat nattar» olassas* ato* Tha GovaraMMt 
 aliouid proYida taaahara aouvMHi in varSoua ciodam languagaa ao that iaa«liaar« 
 ■a^r qualif^r sufflolonily to be a raadiuBi of aiMHiWiiiaation with non>iSnsl>^*^ 
 ayaHm attidoRts in thaaa aAaaaMi* Thaaa o l a aa— •taotald bo advartlaad 
 in fbraif^ navapapere, by plaoardaf by paraonal irnritation, by olrouXara 
 Jritmf 0nt foraignars are ii^>lo|«d« By dOBling affaatlvaly i«lili thia 
 prnhlva of adult illitai«oy «a orj«itribut« saiterlally to«axd an intallifaak 
 •oc^iiralMnsion and tfaataant of jproblaea of graatoat importar^a tc Industry 
 and aoaiaty auoh as tha raduotioa of diaa*aa« tho prevantion of aooideiits^ 
 «MBiploy«»nt« miniaan aaf^* svaaik ahop i»ga, and every forxs of aoeial Mi 
 
.Wisa." 
 
 yfdtim- 
 
•49* 
 inducttricl relfttioc nhloh oontnlns th» •l«c»Kit« of tormiffi citiB«n8hlp md 
 
 J&nt Atew «ayt# ^Rw only ••rrlo* iMiHUri la \inlv«r«ftlly —^r to 
 0ff«ir to tb« i8Bilsrar± ftnd hl0 ohll4ren mad tho ^ nly ona It la tliorouf^ly 
 •qulpned to off«r la Arte •duottiion*" 
 
 An llllt«rt(t9 iftUt^ It » oltlMn «9Rmifmt«ti, «nobl«d, •l«t«.i«d« 
 
I 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 EDUCATION - PSYCHOLOGY 
 LIBRARY 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recall 
 
 7 DAY USE DURING 
 
 MAYl 1 964 
 
 SUMMER SESSIONS 
 
 ^PR17R£CD 
 
 DEC 22 1964 
 
 UEC ^^Mu wss 
 
 MAY 5 19 66 
 
 
 *IMS 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 
 "5 ^?5- 
 
 5 
 
 -or _ 
 
 ^-*- 
 
 LD 21A-15m-4,'63 
 (D6471sl0)476 
 
 General Library 
 
 University of California 
 
 Berkeley