(IHIiliilDIOKlUtllilttlinXIIIIIIIUIUIUfiltlllXtdKllllinilliM f B C) It JIJl ■f 'I r.-' ':\ ».. II c ]:' J' .i.'h '.JIf hi 1 II ' ,( i. i\ 'I \ttnntiitttiiiinitiitiitiiiiimvtii'nnmttimnmtu»mnvt\UH^ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES MRS. ELLA FLAGG YOUNG, Superintendent of Schools, City of Chicago. Bodine's Reference Book Juvenile Welfare A Review of the Chicago Social Service System By William Lester Bodine Illustrated Edition CHICAGO AGENCIES A. C. McClurg & Co., 218 S. Wabash Ave. Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co., State and Madison Publisher WM. L. BODINE 4517 Magnolia Ave. Chicago Copyright. 19ia By WM. L. BO DINE All rights reserved PORTRAIT CUTS MADE BY THE GLOBE ENGRAVING AND ELECTRO TYPING CO. CHICAGO Fai'lkner-Ryan Co., Printers Chicago Contents Foreword 11 Part I. — The Big Question of the Little Citizen . . 23 A General Review of All Phases of It Part II. — Chicago System of Social Service ... 49 Public Agencies Private^ Agencies Part III.— Who's Who and What They Do ... 67 Where to Report Cases, etc. Part IV, — Corrective and Charitable Institutions for Children 95 The Parental School St. Charles Home for Boys House of the Good Shepherd Institutions Affiliated with the Juvenile Court Part V. — The Juvenile Court 117 Its History Law under Which It Operates Organization and Procedure Part VI.— The Court of Domestic Relations ... 129 Its Object and Achievement Part VII.— Humane Activities of the Public School 137 What the Chicago Board of Education Does for Social Welfare of Children. (3) i^aiea-^ 4 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Part VIII. — Compulsory F2ducation 159 How School Attendance is Promoted Truant Officers and Their Work The Law under Which They Operate. Part IX. — Child Labor and Factory Inspection . • 175 Organization and Administration Legislation for the Protection of Children Part X.— Duties 189 Truant Officers Probation Officers Factory Inspectors School Nurses Medical Inspectors Census Supervisors Census Enumerators and Clerks Part XI. — Minor Population of Chicago .... 201 Age, Sex and Nationality^ Part XII. — Miscellaneous Information .... 205 Protective Legislation for Children CivU Service Examinations for Social Workers, etc. QII|p rottfitant frtpnia of (Eliilti (Honannntxon, mlin I|ao0 aluiaya bp?n loyal aJiooratea of tl)at prptioua trtnitg of rliarartpr-bitilhtng — tlje ([Il|urrl|, tl|e l^ome attJi tl|p ^rl|0ol. ©Ilia BoluutP ia r^ap^rtfullg drdtrateb l^ptlcr rnnbtttona mean better rl|tllire«. IBpttrr boya anb gtrla Noui, mpan better men anJj momen in tt|e fnture. letter I^nmantty ®f|en, means tl|e Setter (Etiiragn, mitl| tt|e ([greater QIl?iraga. JPrntertion of future rttt2euat|lp ta ti|p Olttg Sutiful. fully aa important aa tl)e (Eity beautiful. 1il|at are ^on boing for tl|e rinir ibeal ? Children of STATE are merely chil- dren of FATE — the pathetic sequel of fathers' failures and mothers' mistakes. We must reach THE HOME that needs reconstruction, or it will qualify other children for the institutions. FOREWORD This volume is respectfully submitted as the need in sociological literature, of an up-to-date, uni- fied manual on all subjects pertaining to welfare work in behalf of children in Chicago. Its purpose is to awaken more public interest, more individual effort, particularly among those who are invincible in sympathy for "the cause" but invisible in the work of co-operation with the public and private social agencies; and also to place in the hands of every citizen and social worker who is interested, a reliable reference book on the juvenile question. In Chicago, the children's battles have been fought for years by the same little band of active, persevering, philanthropic men and women who know the conditions and the needs of the city's children. The fate of many has depended upon the faithful few. Beginning in the early days with Lucy Flower, Alzinah Stevens, Belle Harmon, Jane Addams, Minnie Low, Gertrude Howe Brit- ton, Florence Kelley, Judge Tuthill, T. D. Hurley, Graham Taylor and others, these faithful pathfind- (U) 12 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK ers blazed the way for the march of progress and achievement. If the average citizen of means only knew what they know; if he or she could but see that ''other Chicago" of which they knoweth not; if they would become interested, personally, in one poor boy or one poor girl, or co-operate with those in active service — if they would believe more in the applied altruism that would brighten and better the lives of ''other people's children" — it would prevent much delinquency and dependency. It would les- sen the number of juvenile ofifenders. It would minimize paternalism of State. It would encour- age the humanizing agencies that build for child- hood; for citizenship and the commonwealth. Members of Women's Clubs and kindred organ- izations have always stood for the noblest pur- poses and the highest ideals of modern civilization. They have given moral and material aid to the pro- tection and the betterment of child life. Chicago leads, and the world follows, in juvenile reclama- tion largely through their efforts. But there is yet need for the greater and better system in the con- servation of humanity. The average club woman is confused at the multiplicity of subjects she must remember; at the number of agencies, the legislative enactments, the reforms, and the demands upon her time. A sys- tematized volume at her disposal showing to whom ON JUVENILE WELFARE 13 to report various cases, and a unification of facts and figures will be of inestimable value for ready reference. The business man, as a rule, is a big hearted, but very busy man. He has but a vague idea of the big question of juvenile reclamation — the method of organization and the work. The author desires to post him, to enlist his sympathy and support. Those in the service peruse scattered publica- tions on various phases of the system. This book is all in one, and one for all — without prejudice or favor — and with the hope that it will expedite the work and aid co-operation among every man and every woman in that work. Applicants for examinations for positions in public service have, in the past, been greatly handi- capped in the frantic search for technical knowl- edge and information to which they were legiti- mately entitled and which this book presents. This manual is not one of theoretical verbosity. It is a concise and comprehensive presentation of facts, a review of conditions and of causes of those conditions. Fifteen years' experience as Superintendent of Compulsory Education in this great city of ours enables the author to present a fund of complete and practical information. He has often been requested to compile a book of this kind. Encour- aged and supported in this personal venture by 14 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK friends to whom he is duly grateful for their inter- est, he presents this publication simply in the name of one, and with the faith of one who has given the best years of his life in a labor of love — the sacred cause of childhood. There should be more constructive agencies to keep GOOD boys GOOD, to combat the destructive agencies that make good boys bad and keep bad boys bad. (2) e- The girl question is fully as important as the boy question. Some girls dance tJieir zvay to doom, some zvalk blindfolded by the failure of parents to zvarn them in time — zvhile others ride. ''Light" headed girls should keep out of "dark" automo- biles. Automobiles cannot talk, but there is often a scream in the joy ride. "Will you zcalk into }ny auto?" said the "speed- er" to the fly. And the speeder is oft the spider at tJie zchccl. Part I The Big Question of the Little Citizen TJic laze of liitniaii nature can never he changed by the law of the commonwealth. JVe will always have the chiUilcss home among some people, and the homeless child among others. There will always be more prosperity than posterity among the rich and more posterity than prosper- ity among the poor. THE BIG QUESTION OF THE LITTLE CITIZEN It is inevitable that with all kinds of men and women in the world we should have all kinds of homes and habits — and all kinds of children as the logical deduction. As a result, the little citizen has become a big question. Our corrective institutions are filled with juve- nile offenders. Our charitable institutions have their capacity taxed with the fatherless, the moth- erless, and the neglected children who lack proper parental care. The social unit of the home is often broken by paternalism of the State. Our republic is becoming a nation of institutionalized children. Humanizing agencies are busy, with the pitying hands of charity and correction, to redeem the boy who failed and the girl who failed, or responding to the sad chant of the orphan and the oppressed. Defective children are increasing. Our public school system is dotted with special rooms for the subnormal, the sightless, the child with visual or auditory defects, the crippled, the truant, and the backward pupil who does not fit in any particular (23) 24 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK grade whose mental aptitude has not kept pace with his physical growth. We have the child who never had a chance in life. Many need a square meal, — and a square deal. An empty stomach is the storage battery of a mean disposition in the man. The boy is but the man in miniature. A hungry child has no appetite for study. In the making of a man, the boy must do his share. But society should also do its share in pro- viding for the remedial, where physical, as well as educational welfare, is an essential to the uplift of children. The "silent agencies" of education are those that tend to the utilitarian, the industrial, the physical, the training of muscle, of health and mor- als, as well as the mind. The economic is as essen- tial as the academic. Every child has a right to be born, — and ivell born. By the grace of weak, superficial and farci- cal marriage laws that permit the undesirable and the unfit to wed, many are not. Our marriage laws allow the epileptic, the illiterate, the habitual drunk- ard, the tubercular, and the neurotic to take each other for better or for worse — and it's the child that gets the zvorst of it. That defective joke of juris- prudence — known as the Illinois marriage law, — permits wedding bells to chime a w^elcome to the child wife; to amalgamation of black and white; and to the spavined December, who clutches fever- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 25 ishly across the span of life at the rosy May in short dresses. It permits tainted men and painted women to wed. And yet we zvonder at the decay of childhood. Dean Walter T. Sumner was chairman of the Vice Commission. He is not a theorist. He is a reformer who is a perfonn-tr. He does things — does them for the good of humanity. He is pos- sibly ahead of his time. But in Dean Sumner's plan to have applicants for marriage submit a "clean bill of health" before the wedding ceremony, lies the hope of future successful solution of many of the features of juvenile welfare that are now complex. Who should be ashamed of a "clean bill of health?" Every man, every woman and every child has his or her destiny in life. Fate decrees that some shall live in the mansions of the rich; and that others shall live in the tenements of the poor. In the cottage and the abodes of the improvident we invariably find very large families and very small incomes. And when we pass some of the imposing palaces of the prosperous where the voice of child- hood is not heard, we are constrained to remark: "Oh ! what secret sorrow do those walls hide, Although a maze of gold shines on the outward side !" Is it the pace of the modernist? Is it the pref- erence of the fancies, the frivolities and the fash- ions of society; the desire to respond to the call of 26 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK gayety rather than the sacred duties of mother- hood? Or is it because so many social demands and dissipations of the butterfly life have wrecked the health, the happiness and the hopes of the wife in that home? Or is there a physical decay of fatherhood, due to the habits of high life and the pace that kills? There is no race suicide in Chicago — and never will be as long as the poor man lives. It is class suicide. Environment is the greatest factor in the causes of truancy, delinquency and dependency among children. Poverty, insanitary abodes, some of which are unfit for human habitation; insufficient nourishing food; irregular hours; wife desertion; low wages paid to working mothers; physical or mental defects; influence of older boys or destruc- tive agencies; parental incompetence, indifference or intemperance; suspension from attendance at school for trivial offenses, all these contribute to the tragedies of childhood. It is the same old story day after day, year after year; the story old, so often told in the Juvenile Court. Local conditions and local causes are national. All large cities — particularly the cosmopolitan cen- ters — are confronted with the same story, the same conditions and the same causes. While Chicago is better equipped than other cities to cope with the juvenile question, there is room for expansion, for ON JUVENILE WELFARE 27 the strengthening of legislation, for the correction of some of the weak spots. Co-operation, harmony, elimination of petty jealousies among social work- ers, tempering of law enforcement with fairness to all; justice to every child and parent, every color, every creed and nationality, expedited service as free as possible from the slow coils of red tape — these are the ideals of Success, the standards of Humanity, that will lead to the sweet victory of Peace and Progression, in which every child will come unto its own. Let us begin with the baby in the work, — the smallest of the little citizens. Infant welfare is often imperiled by maternal inefficiency; by impure milk, by insanitary sur- roundings; by a stuffy home in the congregate life where many live in one room. The Elizabeth McCormick memorial fund is doing a commendable work in infant protection. In one year it helped 1,758 sick babies and visited 3,500 families. The Chicago Daily News Fresh Air Fund has saved the babies for years. The "Little Mother" classes at the public schools was a timely philanthropy — the instructions to the little girls in homes where they share the care of the babies with the mothers. The day nurseries are a blessing. The health department and nurses have achieved much in saving the lives of infants. But the mortality among children under one year of 28 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK age in this nation each year is appalling, due in a large measure to causes that could have been pre- vented. The vital statistics of the United States show that with the advance in civilization there has been a steady decrease in the death rate among adults, but that the same is not true concerning infant mor- tality. From 1901 to 1905 the annual average death rate for all ages in the United States was only 16.3 per 1,000 of population. New Zealand showed the lowest average with 9.9, while Chili was highest, with 30 per 1,000. Comparison with the fore- going figures of the infant death rate for ten years furnishes convincing proof that not enough atten- tion is being given the subject of preventing the deaths of babies. In New Zealand the rate was 75 per 1,000 births, 331 in Chili, and 149.4 in our own country. Thousands of babies are born every year in Chicago, whose births are not registered with the county clerk as provided by law. This fact is ad- mitted by physicians. They report all deaths. // they can I'eport the deaths, zvhy cannot they report the births? Why should we have a full count on coffins and a short count on cradles ? Birth registration is essential to safeguard the compulsory education law, the child labor law, the crimes against children law, and other legislation for children where the actual age of the child is the ON JUVENILE WELFARE 29 determining factor. It would safeguard the age registers at schools — frequently a source of con- tention in later years between parent and teacher. At the last session of the Illinois legislature a bill to provide a better birth registration law passed the Senate, but was killed in a committee of the House of Representatives. Dependent Children, who lack proper pa- rental care, exist in large numbers that seem to multiply each year. Home finding societies place many in private families for adoption; some are sent to institutions. There is a traffic from the east, with Chicago as the distributing center in dependents. The State of Illinois has only three visitation agents to visit thousands of homes in cities and upon farms. Children are sent to re- mote portions of western states, and they wander uneducated amid "the aisles of the wild." The child dependency_ system, both local and national, is the weak spot in social justice. Many people "adopt" girls from dependent institutions as a cheap solution of the servant girl question — and this phase of child slaving is not child saving. Children in factories have the protection of the child labor law, but the dependent child from the institution who works on farms, or in city homes as servants or household drudges, seems to be the child the lazv fo rgot- The institutions have not a suffi- cient force of investigators to follow up the wards 30 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK they place. There is investigation before the child is placed, but not enough after. It is true that some children get good homes and good care, and are treated as members of the family, but many — very many — do not. If Charles Dickens were alive to- day he would find some of his characters of fiction, degenerated by the characters of living fact. He would find his Little Marchioness to be the child of burden doing a woman's work. Truancy knows no nation, but all nations know truancy. It is the first toddling step toward delin- quency. The chain of crime begins with the small link of boyhood's preference of the street to the school. From truancy to delinquency and from delinquency to crime is the natural, the inevitable evolution of youth — to the threshold of manhood — unless checked in the first lapse of attendance at school. Herein lies the great value of the work of truant officers. More truant officers, more Parental Schools, mean fewer reformatories, fewer prisons in the future. Enforced compulsory education laws mean more parents who will realize their plain duty in becoming interested in the regular atten- dance of their children at school. This must often be supplemented with reconstruction of the child physically. Psychopathic research and medical inspection of schools are to be commended for this reason. Fifty-six per cent of the boys sent to the Chi- m ON JUVENILE WELFARE 31 cago Parental School are not normal children. De- fective eyes, adenoids, mal-nutrition, mental or physical retardation that kept 13-year-old boys in third grade — all these exist among truants. Many boys need a physician instead of a policeman. Others are in institutions as a sequel to mismated individualism in matrimony — the product of the home that failed. Through truancy and delinquency trails the con- taminating finger of the senior influence among boys. The boys between 16 and 18 lead those be- tween 14 and 16, and those between 14 and 16 (all in the upper pro-truant or delinquent classification) easily lead those susceptible juniors between 10 and 14 into the paths that end in the Juvenile Court and the institutions. Co-operation between the home and the school is necessary. More of it would mean less interven- tion by the court. Literature influences the child's mind. A bad book often spoils a good boy. A bandit hero in his head ; a cigarette between his teeth, and a 22-caliber revolver in his pocket train the future highway- man. Nickel libraries of the yellow brand are merely primers of crime. What kind of books is your boy or girl reading? The solution of the housing problem, in the improvement of environment where childhood eats, sleeps and lives; better facilities for health, more (3) 32 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK zones for play, would aid immeasurably in the solu- tion of the juvenile question. Child labor in factories, workshops and insani- tary surroundings is the cancer of the nation. We should have the open door in the factories for men and women of all ages — and the closed door for the child. Discrimination of employers against a man or woman over 45 has forced adults, whose lives have grow^n gray, into the juvenescent occu- pation of selling newspapers, — while children or younger adults have taken their places in the workshops. If employers would reverse their pol- icy and permit the better angels of their nature to prevail they would contribute much in lessening dependency among parents, and in protecting the educational and civic future of the community. Discrimination of industrialism against the man and woman over 45 — even when they possess the required physical and mental faculties to "make good" on the job — will eventually create the greater question of home finding for adults as well as home finding for children. Many parents take their chil- dren out of school at 14 nowadays in order to have their productive years begin as soon as possible. It puts a premium on child labor. Commercialism sets a bad example for the children, many of whom lose respect for old people instead of having incul- cated in their hearts the motto : "God bless the head of gray, We will be old ourselves some day." ON JUVENILE WELFARE 33 There is need in Chicago — urgent need — of bet- ter faciHties for an isolation hospital for children with contagious diseases, who are taken ill at the Juvenile Detention Home or who are brought there infected and other children exposed. The Home has frequently been under quarantine, which handi- caps temporary detention of children awaiting trial, who should not be locked up at police sta- tions. There should be better surveillance over chil- dren at night — outside of school hours. Street trades should be regulated and the ordinance en- forced. Parents should not be so lax in their duty to knozv where their children are at night, and to enforce discipline to keep them off the streets at late hours, and not be so hasty to condemn the police when parental co-operation for the public morals of children has been lacking. Many chil- dren lie to their parents as to where they are going after the dinner hour, and many parents do not care where the children go. Protection of school girls in short dresses and prosecution of men who annoy or mistreat them frequently necessitates the vengeance of the law. The court records, the indictments by the grand jury, the records of the Bureau of Compulsory Edu- cation, the police department and the Juvenile Pro- tective League reveal the sickening fact that the wolves of the city creep closer and closer toward the little girls of 10, 11, 12 and 13 years of age. 34 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Lax parenthood, sometimes indifferent and sometimes ignorant of dangers, permit young girls to troop the streets unescorted in the evening. The girl question is largely one outside of school hours. Social workers save children up to the age of 16 or 17, and often sorrow begins where the law maximum ends. The question of the girl between 16 and 20 and the boy between 16 and 20 is growing more and more perplexing to the parent. Minors of these ages are merely grown up children. It is at this age that they crave recreation, social functions, amusement. Some of them become impudent, in- corrigible, — pouting rebels against the advice and the pleadings or the commands of parents. A few have the egotism and obstinacy of those who think they know more than their parents. Some parents are too strict — others not strict enough — others shamefully indifferent. The bright lights of the dance halls or "cafes" beckon, particularly on Saturday and Sunday nights. In the cafes is the "enchantment" of rag- time melody and entertainers. Perchance it is the seclusion of a booth — the skeleton of the wine- room — with the soft glow of the shaded lamp, the feast, or the flow of wine. Here you may find many of the wandering boys and wandering girls. There is always a wandering boy for every wandering girl — and some of them are "old boys," too — and ON JUVENILE WELFARE 35 there is also the ride, the roadhouse, the amuse- ment park, the gardens. These are a few of the avenues of recreation that confront the girl when she turns her face toward pleasure. The "respectable" districts are dotted with so- called "ladies' cafes." Public dance halls often have special bar permits for the sale of liquor after 1 o'clock A.M., the hour set for the closing of the sa- loons. Often, when the saloons are closed, the younger patrons drift to the dance halls to satisfy their unappeased thirst, and to mingle in the dance. And there is the "cabaret" habit to lure the young people between 18 and 21. Social centers at schools, recently established b}-- the Board of Education, were the timely recognition of the fact that the community should provide places for decent recreation among young people to combat the evil influence of the dance hall and the poolroom. The dignity of the dance should be protected in every dance hall and at all times. Within recent years dancing has degenerated from the waltz and two-step into the ungraceful and unspeakable wrestling of the sexes known as the "grizzly bear." The craze has been for zoological contor- tions and the tango in ballrooms with the lights turned low, known as "dark extras." These are very popular with some boys and girls of high school age. Dances, barred as improper by respectable 36 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK public dance halls, have been permitted at private dances given in public halls, including some at- tended by members of frats and sororities. Public dancing invaded the cafes and cabarets until stopped by the city council. Society often sets a bad example for children, and grown up brothers and sisters should remember the influence their conduct will have on the little brother or little sister. The "Juvenile-xA.dult" offenders between 17 and 21 should have a special court, as they are merely grown up children. Vocational guidance and the future of the boy or girl between 14 and 16 — is one of the most im- portant problems of the day. Thousands of juve- niles leave school at the age of 14 every year — with only a fourth or fifth grade education — to seek employment. The general trend is not to- ward the position for which the child is best adapted — but for "any old job" — first come, first accepted — with the result that industrialism is filled with untrained, half educated children — merely human machines at "piece" work. Technical training in our schools means the better future for our young. That feature of our compulsory education law which permits children between 14 and 16 to alter- nate between school and employment is the most complex to enforce. Sex hygiene is a delicate subject — very delicate. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 37 There has long been a division of sentiment on this question. It is admitted that the boy of 16 often knows "too much," and the girl of 14 not enough of "the dangers" for her own protection. Vene- real diseases are the world's plague. Prof. Chas. Hendersen of the University of Chicago, Judge Julian W. Mack, Dr. Clara P. Seippel, Judge Ben Lindsey, Jane Addams, the late Prof. Osier, Dean Sumner and physicians, sociologists and educators of high repute all have advocated the necessity of a campaign of effective education to protect hu- manity and save the sacrifice of children. If is bet- ter to be safe than sorry. Knowledge would be power, and power would be protection against temptation, if parents did what most people believe to be the duty of the home and parenthood — to post their children properly. Possibly Ella Flagg Young and the Chicago Board of Education have partially solved the question by the establishment of classes in sex hygiene for parents with a staff of expert lecturers. Sex hygiene is certainly the right of the home, and it is the right of the school to at least offer the parents in that home the opportunity to take up the important subject with their children. But will some of these parents who should attend the lectures and who come from homes where the warning might be heeded avail themselves of the chance? The experiment will be watched with in- terest. The Chicago Society for Social Hygiene, 38 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK consisting of 2,000 physicians, advocates a crusade of proper enlightenment to combat diseases that are the effect of human volition and habit; and with a higher moral control these diseases would be re- duced to the minimum, and the innocent protected from the ravage of ignorance. A phase of the juvenile question that needs the attention of business men and employers in par- ticular is the necessity for greater sympathy and encouragement of giving paroled boys of the Juve- nile Court and institutions an opportunity to make an honest living — a chance to forget the past and work for the new and better future. Employers shun boys who have been in the John Worthy School, or other reformatories, with the result that the boy feels that the world is against him, and he drifts into his old habits, when a soft word of en- couragement and a helping hand would redeem him. Business men are for juvenile reclamation col- lectively. But more individual interest in an indi- vidual case is what is needed. Among the men and women most active in the work of conserving the interests of childhood in Chicago, the public should appreciate the fidelity to the cause at all times manifested by Judge M. W. Pinckney, Mayor Carter H. Harrison, Ella Flagg Young, Jane Addams, Graham Taylor, Sherman C. Kingsley, Mrs. Gertrude Howe Britton, Miss Min- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 39 nie Low, Mrs. Leonora Z. Meder, Rev. P. J. O'Callaghan, Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, Dean Walter T. Sumner, Mrs. Charles Henrotin, Mrs. Joseph T. Bowen, Mrs. Emily W. Dean, Miss Julia Lathrop, Governor E. F. Dunne, Archbishop Quigley, Mary Bartelme, Judge Jno. E. Owens, Graham Harris, Mrs. John McMahon, Prof. Charles Hendersen, Mrs. Emmons Blaine, Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, Nel- son Lampert, Edward Tilden, Joseph Weissenbach, Mrs. Charles Walker, Eugene T. Lies, Miss Amelia Sears, Harriet E. Fulmer, Julius Rosenwald, Joel D. Hunter, Father Quille, Joseph Meyer, Judge Harry Olson, A. A. McCormick, Judge Tuthill, T. D. Hurley, Dr. Clara Seippel, Judge Joseph Z. Uhlir, Father Leddy, Judge William Gemmill, Judge C. N. Goodnow, M. J. Spiegel, Mrs. Harry Hart, Mrs. W. F. Dummer, Mrs. Harriet Van der Vaart, Miss Anne Nicholes, Judge Hopkins, Dr. Cornelia de Bey, Oscar F. Nelson, Mrs. Isabelle O'- Keeffe, Robert M. Sweitzer, A. J. Graham, Benj. Rosenthal, John L. Whitman, Mrs. F. A. Dow, Mrs. Mary B. Owen, Mrs. Madeline Sikes, Mrs. Lucy Flower, P. A. Mortensen, Dr. D. P. McMillan, Mrs. George R. Vosbrink, Sophonisba Breckenridge, Judge Adelor Petit, Judge Pomeroy, Peter Rein- berg, Lewis E. Larson, Mrs. John Thompson, ex- Chief of Police McWeeny, Dr. W. A. Evans, Frank E. Wing, Father Edward Kelley, Dr. George B. Young, Dr. William Healy, Delphina Culver, Edith 40 BO BINE'S REFERENCE BOOK and Grace Abbott, Barney Cohen, Mrs. John L. Reilly, Dr. Anna Dwyer, Belle Harmon, Ella M. Cullen, Mary McDowell, John J. Nuesse, Maclay Hoyne, J. W. Kennedy, James T. Austin, Emma Quinlan, Helen Crittenton, Judge Julian W. Mack, Henry Thurston, Mrs. Watkins, Minnie Jacobs Berlin, Mrs. Charles Betts, Mrs. Franklin Leavitt, Jno. D. Shoop, Mrs. Caroline Sherman, Rev. Jen- kins Lloyd Jones, Dr. I. Abt, Dr. Frank Churchill, Inez Rodgers Deach, Mary Wilmarth, Laura D. Pelham, E. B. DeGroot, Mrs. Geo. Bass, Ann Davis, Geo. E. Cole, Chas. H. Wacker, Harriet Vittum, Mrs. D. Harry Hammer, Esther Falken- stein, Prof. Geo. H. Mead, Mrs. Frank Wean, Charles Peters, Emma Haskell, Miriam Kalisky, Mrs. Moses L. Purvin, Sarah Reiwitch, Mrs. PI. H. Schuhmann, I\Irs. W. C. H. Keough, Lucy Gaston, Prof. Allen Hoben, Mrs. Edward Til- den, Mrs. Raymond Robins, Joseph and John T. Connery, Clifford Roe, Elnora Thompson, Aldermen Mayer, Beilfuss, Powers and Geiger; Dr. W. A. Evans, W. C. Graves and Sidney Teller. It is to be regretted that space prevents mentioning many others, including prominent club women. But the active work, the greater portion of the labor that has resulted in the creation and successful operation of a great army of constructive forces in the fight for the betterment of life among the chil- dren of Chicago, has been borne by those named. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 41 With regard to the Boy Scout movement, it is a significant fact that the name of a Boy Scout seldom appears on Juvenile Court dockets. Poverty conditions — the perennial cause of much delinquency, dependency and truancy among children — exist in Chicago as they do in all large cities. As the city grows, the percentage of im- provident population naturally increases. The official report of the United Charities shows the fol- lowing increase in the number of persons per 1,000 helped by that organization between the year 1909 and 1912: Northern District 64.8 per cent increase Northwest District 30.9 per cent increase Lower North District 86.1 per cent increase West Side District 75.6 per cent increase Central District 35 per cent increase Southwest District 53.4 per cent increase Stock Yards District 44 per cent increase South Chicago District 69.3 per cent increase All Districts 48.9 per cent increase And yet some people were skeptical a few years ago about reports of conditions on necessitous cases of underfed children. Bad housing conditions are responsible for many of the breeding spots for juvenile delinquency. Every good citizen should know the laws and the ordinances for the protection, correction or care of children. He or she should co-operate in their en- 42 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK forcement and report violations of those laws to the proper authorities. We have state laws that provide for compulsory attendance at school ; regulation of employment for children between 14 and 16; penalty for any male over 16 who contaminates or takes liberties with a girl under 16; a Juvenile Court law for delinquents, dependents and neglected children; a law for the maintenance of parental schools; laws prohibiting -obscene pictures and literature; another to obviate the cruel or inhuman treatment of children. There is also a law for pensions to indigent mothers who need assistance to support children; laws prohibit- ing the sale of tobacco, liquor, or cocaine to children, and one to punish those who contribute to the delin- quency of children. The Municipal Code of ordinances prohibits any boy under 18 from frequenting pool rooms; regu- lates fruit stores and ice cream "parlors" ; regulates street trades; establishes censorship over nickel theaters and moving pictures; and the mayor is invested with power to revoke the license of any saloon or place of amusement, for cause, upon the presentation of evidence that would justify the action. The hope of the future lies in the enforcement of the laws of the present; in the interest and co- operation of the public in those laws ; in the awaken- ing of parents; in having adequate forces to cover ON JUVENILE WELFARE 43 the city and to protect its children; in the success- ful prosecution and elimination of the causes of delinquency, and in social justice to humanity that will result in betterment of conditions in the home. Part II The Chicago System of Social Service Degeneration of childhood zvould be minimised by the regeneration of parent- hood that breeds the defective offspring. If the fruit of humanity is to be pre- served, the parent tree must be conserved. Our marriage lazvs should place a ban upon those men and zconien zvho are not physically, mentally or morally fit to zved. (4) THE CHICAGO SYSTEM OF SOCIAL SERVICE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION. The administration of social service in Chi- cago is divided into two parts. One is public serv- ice. The other is private agencies for public good. Victor Hugo truthfully said: "He who has seen the misery of man only has seen nothing — he must see the misery of woman. And he who has seen the misery of woman only has seen nothing — he must see the misery of childhood." Chicago men and women in both public and pri- vate service have joined hands in fraternal, united effort to relieve that misery. The awakening that resulted in the present co-operative system, came in 1899. The City of Chicago, the County of Cook, and the State of Illinois each does a defined share of the work. Officials lift their heads above partisan prejudice. Their respective beneficent activities constitute the keystone of cost, energy, and results in the children's cause. The Child Welfare exhibit in 1911 fully demon- strated that in social service Chicago is in the fore. (49) 50 BODINIVS REFERENCE BOOK We no longer hear the cynical laugh of New York, or the boastful voice of Boston. In the administration of laws, the State, through its Chief Factory Inspector and deputies, enforces the child labor law, which regulates the employment of children between 14 and 16 years of age. The County, with its Judge of the Juvenile Court, Chief Probation Officer and Probation Officers, enforces the Juvenile Court law, the Funds to Parents (mothers' pension) law, the Dependency law and statutes for the Children's Court. The County Judge also protects the interests of minors and families, and enforces the non-support law. The City maintains the Health Department, which furnishes the medical inspectors at schools, nurses and sanitary inspectors, and enforces ordi- nances and laws for the protection and promotion of public health. The City also maintains the Police Department, which details a number of regular officers on juve- nile work to the Juvenile Court, the Municipal Court, and the T>ureau of Compulsory Education to assist in the observance of juvenile laws. The Board of Education (city) has charge of the Bureau of Compulsory Education. The Com- pulsory Education law and Parental School law are enforced by the Superintendent of Compulsory Education and staff of truant ofiicers. Parents and guardians who violate the Compulsory Education ON JUVENILE WELEARE 51 law are arraigned before the Municipal Court (Do- mestic Relations branch), while the habitual tru- ants, and those who persistently violate the rules of the public schools are taken into the Juvenile Court on the truancy docket Friday mornings by the com- pulsory education officers. The Board of Educa- tion also enforces laws and ordinances for the pro- tection of school children and school property, wher- ever necessary. Private law enforcement agencies and reform organizations each have their respective fields of endeavor, shown elsewhere in this volume in detail. The City operates the John Worthy School for delinquent boys. Its abandonment is probable. The Board of Education maintains the Parental School for boys who are habitual truants and class room incorrigibles at Bowmanville. There is no parental school for girls. The County controls the Juvenile Detention Home and the institutions at Dunning, and pays its per capita cost of delinquent or truant girls sent to the House of the Good Shepherd, a Catholic institution open to girls of all religious denominations. The State provides the School for Boys at St. Charles for delinquents, the Illinois Industrial School for delinquent girls at Geneva, and the Re- formatory at Pontiac for older boys. It also cares for the blind, the deaf, feeble minded, and insane. Chicago furnishes many dependent boys for Glen- 52 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK wood and St. Mary's School at Feehanville. The capacity of each of the city, county and state insti- tutions and private institutions is inadequate. Many children are released on probation before commitment, and are prematurely paroled after- ward, as a result. The maximum age of commitment by the Juve- nile Court to delinquent institutions is seventeen for boys, and eighteen for girls. The maximum age for commitment to the Parental School is fourteen. The average period of detention at these corrective institutions varies from five months to one year. The County provides rations for the destitute. During certain periods of the year shoes are pro- vided in necessitous cases for children. The City, through its Board of Education, pro- vides free text books for indigent pupils and free transportation of crippled children to school. At the Bridewell, a woman prisoner is given five cents when she is discharged. On the face of this paltry nickel is the inscription "E Pluri- bus Unum," which means "one of many." And when an unfortunate woman faces the world with only a nickel, she is truly "one of many." The work of the New Future Association in waiting at the door to give these poor creatures (many of whom are mothers whose lives drove them to drink and prison) is to be commended as a practical bless- ing that benefits the woman who desires to reform. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 53 Federal prisoners who leave the Bridewell receive five dollars, and city prisoners five cents. The Free Tuberculosis Sanitarium of the City of Chicago is located at 105 West Monroe Street, headquarters for the fight against the "white plague." The County Agent is at the head of Cook County's public service for the relief of the poor. The central office of the County Agent is at 213 South Peoria Street, with branches in each divi- sion of the city as follows : 837 West Forty-seventh Street, 1054 North Ashland Avenue, 742 West North Avenue, 3466 Archer Avenue, 1655 Blue Island Avenue, 8800 Houston Avenue. MUNICIPAL PLAYGROUNDS. Audubon — North Hoyne, Cornelia and North Hamilton Avenues; Commercial Club — West Chi- cago Avenue to Rice Street, east of Lincoln Street; Dante — Ewing, Forquer and Desplaines Streets; Hamlin — South Hamlin Avenue and West Six- teenth Street; George E. Adams — Seminary Ave- nue, south of Center Street; Holden — Bonfield, north of West Thirty-first Street ; John B. Drake — Calumet Avenue, East Twenty-sixth to Twenty- eighth Streets ; Max Beutner — Wentworth Avenue, Thirty-third and La Salle Streets; McCormick — South Sawyer Avenue and West Twenty-eighth 54 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Streets ; McLaren — Polk Street, near Laflin Street ; Moseley — Wabash Avenue, corner Twenty- fourth Street; Northwestern Elevated — Alaska Street, corner Larrabee Street; Orleans — Institute Place and Orleans Street; Sampson — Fifteenth Street, east of Loomis Street; Walter Christopher — West Twenty-second Street west of Robey Street ; Wash- ington — Grand Avenue and North Carpenter Street ; Wrightwood — Wrightwood Avenue, corner Perry. MUNICIPAL BATHING BEACHES. Rocky Ledge — Lake Michigan, foot of Seventy- ninth Street; Walker — Lake Michigan, foot of Twenty-fifth Street; Diversey — North of Lincoln Park. MUNICIPAL FREE BATHS. Baruch — South Lincoln Avenue, corner West Twenty-first Street; Carter H. Harrison — 759 Mather Street; Cregier, Dewitt C. — 1151 Gault Court; Gahan, Thomas — 4226 Wallace Street; Gurney, Theodore T. — 1 141 West Chicago Avenue ; Henrotin, Fernand — 2415 North Marshfield Ave- nue; Kosciuszko — 1444 Holt Street; Lake Shore — Chicago Avenue, corner East Pearson Street ; Loef- fler — South Union Street, northeast corner West Twelfth Street; Madden, Martin B.— 3825 Went- worth Avenue; Mavor, William — 4647 Gross Ave- nue; Medill, Joseph — 2138 Grand Avenue; Ogden. < u ON JUVENILE WELFARE 55 William B. — 3646 Emerald Avenue; Pilsen — South Throop Street, corner West Nineteenth Street; Seward — Sedgwick Street, corner Elm Street ; Wal- ler, Robert A. — 19 South Peoria Street; Went- worth, John — 2838 South Halsted Street. PRIVATE AGENCIES. There are many private organizations engaged in philanthropic, physical welfare and juvenile work. There is a great system of social agencies headed by Hull House, the settlements and allied interests, that has become a powerful factor in char- ities, corrections and civics. Its influence reaches into every channel of the sociological question. It has become national in its scope, and to Miss Julia Lathrop of Hull House, an Illinois woman, was given the honor of being the first head of the new Federal Children's Bureau at Washington. Miss Jane Addams is the acknowledged active leader of these private social forces. It was through her efforts, largely, that Chicago secured the Child Welfare Exhibit in 1911. The generous donation of Mrs. Cyrus McCormick, Mrs. Emmons Blaine and others made it possible. The leading social organizations that co-operate for legislation and betterment of children in Chicago are as follows : Women's Clubs, Catholic Women's League, Chicago Woman's Aid, Jewish Aid Society, 56 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Association of Jewish Women, City Garden Associ- ation, Jochannah Lodge, Deborah Society, St. Vin- cent de Paul, Mothers' Congress and Clubs, Parents' and Teachers' Associations, Teachers' Federation, Principals' Association, George Rowland Club, Children's Day Association, Frances Juvenile Home Association, Klio Association, Arche Club, Nike Club, Sorosis Club, Women's City Club, Men's City Club, Association of Commerce, Commercial Club, Manufacturers' Association, Federation of Labor, Social Service Club, Chicago Medical Society. Church and charitable societies, men's clubs, etc., exist in every parish. The private organizations of the city for the en- forcement of laws, whose work benefits the city's children, consist of the following: Juvenile Protective Association, 816 South Hal- sted Street; Law and Order League, 19 South La Salle Street; Illinois Humane Society, 1145 South Wabash Avenue; Anti-Cruelty Society, 155 West Indiana Street; Legal Aid Society, 31 West Lake Street; Citizens' League, 1405 Ashland Block; Anti- Cigarette League, Woman's Temple; Bureau of Personal Service, 730 West Twelfth Street; League for Protection of Immigrants, 743 Plymouth Court. The leading private charitable organizations are: United Charities (Central Headquarters), 168 North Michigan Avenue ; Associated Jewish Chari- ON JUVENILE IV ELF ARE 57 ties, 30 North La Salle Street ; Jewish Aid Society, 1245 Waller Street. Private physical welfare agencies are as fol- lows: Home for Destitute Crippled Children, 1653 Park Avenue; Visiting Nurses Association, 127 North Dearborn Street; Tuberculosis Sanitarium, 105 West Monroe Street; Playground Association, 31 West Lake Street; Chicago Daily News Fresh Air Fund, Lincoln Park ; Elizabeth McCormick Me- morial, 315 Plymouth Court; Psychopathic Insti- tute, 771 Ewing Street; Society of Social Hygiene, 100 State Street. The leading home-finding societies are : Illinois Home and Aid Society, Republic Build- ing; Scandinavian Home Finding Society, 3422 Hirsch Street. TAG DAY ORGANIZATIONS The Children's Benefit League, authorized to solicit contributions on Tag day, is composed of the following institutions : Bethesda Day Nursery, Bethlehem Creche, Cen- tral Baptist Orphanage, Charity Alliance, Chicago Refuge for Girls, Children's Ward Provident Hos- pital, Children's Ward Wesley Hospital, Convales- cent Home for Women and Children, Danish Or- phanage, Ephpheta School for Deaf, Erie Chapel Mission, Fullerton Avenue Dav Nursery, Francis 58 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Juvenile Home, Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society, Jackson Park Sanitarium, Methodist Dea- coness Orphanage, Margaret Etter Creche, Math- eon Day Nursery, Mary Thompson Hospital, Nor- wegian Lutheran Children's Home, Olivet Mission, Outing for Crippled Children, Paulist Day Nur- sery, South End Center Day Nursery, St. Ann's Day Nursery, St. Elizabeth's Day Nursery, St. Mary's Home for Children, St. Mary's Settlement, Stock Yards Day Nursery, St. Mary's Mission House, South Side Crippled Children's Aid, Wo- man's Auxiliary Board Presbyterian Hospital. SOCIAL SETTLEMENTS. Hull House, 800 South Halsted Street ; Chicago Commons, Grand Avenue and Morgan Street ; Uni- versity of Chicago, 4630 Gross Avenue ; Gads Hill Center, 1959 West Twentieth Street ; Halsted Street Institutional Church Settlement, 1935 South Halsted Street; Henry Booth House, 707 West Fourteenth Place; Institutional Church, 3825 Dearborn Street; Maxwell Street Settlement, 1214 South Clinton Street; Neighborhood House, 6710 S. May Street; Northwestern University Settlement, 1400 Augusta Street, corner Noble Street ; Olivet House, 701 Ved- der Street; South Deering Neighborhood Center, 10441 Hoxie Avenue; South End Center, 3212 East Ninety-first Street; St. Mary's Settlement, 656 West Forty-fourth Street, northeast corner Union ON JUVENILE IV ELF ARE 59 Street; Association House, 2150 West North Ave- nue; Abraham Lincoln Center, Oakwood Boule- vard and Langley Avenue ; Chicago Hebrew Insti- tute, 1258 West Taylor Street, near West Lytle Street; Christopher House, 1528 Fullerton Avenue; Charles Sumner Settlement, 1951 Fulton Street; Eli Bates House, 621 West Elm Street; Elizabeth E. Marcy Home, 1335 Newberry Avenue; Esther E. Falkenstein Settlement House, 1917 North Hum- boldt Boulevard; Fellowship House, 831 West Thir- ty-third Place; Forward Movement, 1356 West Monroe Street; Francis E. Clark Settlement, 250 West Twenty-second Street; Frederick Douglass Center, 3032 Wabash Avenue. DAY NURSERIES. St. Mary's, 656 West Forty- fourth Street; St. Mary's, 850 Washington Boulevard; South End Center, 3212 East Ninety-first Street; Helen, 177 West Twelfth Street; Workers, 3009 But- ler Street; Margaret Etter Creche, 2421 Wa- bash Avenue; Ogontz, 1314 West Nineteenth Street; Paulists, 66 Eldridge Place; St. Elizabeth, 906 North Franklin Street; St. Elizabeth, 1360 North Ashland Avsnue; Stock Yards, 4758 South Marshfield Avenue; Bethlehem, 214 West Fifty- second Street; Eli Bates, 621 West Elm Street; Ful- lerton Avenue (Christopher House), 1528 Fuller- ton Avenue; Institutional Church (Colored), 3825 60 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Dearborn Street ; Little Wanderer, 646 North Oak- ley Avenue; Mary Crane, 818 Ewing Street; Matheon, Chicago Commons; Providence Kinder- garten, 3052 Sullivan Court. FREE DISPENSARIES. Bennett, Ada and Fulton Streets ; Calumet Ave- nue, 2526 Calumet Ave. ; Central, 1744 West Harri- son Street; Public, Dearborn and Twenty- fourth streets; Hahnemann College, 2811 Cottage Grove Avenue; Hering, 703 South Wood Street; Illinois Eye and Ear, 124 South Peoria Street; Institu- tional, 778 South Halsted Street; Jewish Aid, 1012 Maxwell Street ; Kirkland, 764 West Adams Street ; Provident, Thirty-sixth and Dearborn Streets; St. Anthony's, 2033 Frankfort Street ; West Side, Con- gress Street and Hoyne Avenue ; Gads Hill, Twen- tieth and Robey Streets; Iroquois, 23 Market Street; St. Elizabeth's, Blackhawk and North Ash- land Avenue. FREE TUBERCULOSIS DISPENSARIES. Maintained by the Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium. Chicago Policlinic Hospital Dispensary, 221 West Chicago Avenue ; Postgraduate Hospital Dis- pensary, 2400 Dearborn Street ; Hahnemann Hos- pital Dispensary, 2811 Cottage Grove Avenue; Stock Yards Free Dispensary, 723 West Forty- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 61 seventh Street; Central Free Dispensary (Rush Medical College), 1744 West Harrison Street; Jew- ish Aid Dispensary, Maxwell and Waller Streets; Gads Hill Free Dispensary, Twentieth and Robey Streets; Iroquois Memorial Free Dispensary, 23 Market Street; St. Elizabeth's Free Dispensary, Blackhawk Street and North Ashland Avenue. The office of the Superintendent of Nurses and central office of the Dispensary Department is at Room 1514 Fort Dearborn Building, 105 West Monroe Street. BOYS' CLUBS. Chicago Boys' Club, 440 South Dearborn Street, (Branch) 1144 Gault Court, (Branch) 3757 Went- worth Avenue; Boys' Club, 657 Willow Street; Hull House Boys' Club, Hull House; North Side Boys' Club, 602 North Avenue. Part III Who's Who and What They Do There is work enougJi for all and glory enough for all. Politics should be forgot- ten in responding to the cry of a child. Unity should greet opportunity ivith zvill- ing hands regardless of creed or race. WHO'S WHO AND WHAT THEY DO WHERE CASES MAY BE REPORTED. Oscar F. Nelson, State Factory Inspector, Transportation Building, 608 South Dearborn Street, is the official to whom should be reported vio- lations of the c hild labor la ws and everything per- taining to enforcement of protective legislation for^ women and children who work in factories, mercan- tile establishments, and oth er places o f employment. Telephone Harrison 3112. Applications for age and school certificates for children who are fourteen years of age, and who necessarily must go to work, receive their initiative certificate from the principal of the school they attend, and then, accompanied by parent or guar- dian, they go to the central issuing age and school certificate bureau. The public school central bu- reau, in charge of William Kalter, is located at the Jones School, Harrison Street and Plymouth Court. Telephone Central 3981. The parochial school cen- tral bureau, in charge of J. Hannan, is located at 538 South Dearborn Street, first floor. The working (07) 68 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK certificates are issued at these places, to the pupils of the respective educational systems. All cases of truancy, non-attendance at school, inquiries pertaining- to the transportation of crip- pled children, and school census, should be referred to W. L. Bodine, Superintendent of Compulsory Education, 626 Tribune Building. Telephone Cen- tral 3981. Juvenile delinquency and dependency, lack of parental care, and misconduct of boys under seven- teen and girls under eighteen years of age, should be reported to Joel D. Hunter, Chief Probation Of- ficer of the Juvenile Court, 1007 County Building. Telephone Franklin 3015. Cases of destitution requiring county rations are cared for by Joseph Meyer, County Agent, central office at 213 South Peoria Street. Telephone Mon- roe 2608. Juvenile offenders awaiting trial should not be taken to police stations, but to the Juvenile Deten- tion Home at 771 Ewing Street. Delphina Culver is superintendent and the telephone number is Mon- roe 3836. The central office of the Juvenile Protective Association is at 816 South Halsted Street (Hull House). Telephone Monroe 5796. Mrs. Gertrude Howe Britton is superintendent and prompt atten- tion will be given reference of cases pertaining to the moral protection of children and minors. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 69 Violations of parole by boys released from the Parental School should be referred to Peter A. Mor- tenson, superintendent of the Parental School, Bow- manville. Telephone Edgewater 384. Dr. George B. Young is Commissioner of Health, with offices at 707 City Hall, telephone Main 447. He has charge of all cases pertaining to service for the health and physical welfare of the public. Dr. Heman Spalding, of the Health De- partment, is Chief Medical Inspector in charge of school medical inspectors, public vaccinators, and school nurses. Adults on probation are referred to John W. Houston, Chief Adult Probation Officer, County Building. County Judge John E. Owens, County Building, has a staff of investigators to protect the interests of women and children. They handle non-support cases. The Visiting Nurses Association is at 104 S. Michigan Ave. Edna Foley, Superintendent. Tele- phone Central 1142. Eugene T. Lies is the General Superintendent of the United Charities, 168 North Michigan Ave- nue. Telephone Harrison 7160. He is also Secre- tary of the Illinois Committee on Social Legislation. Sherman C. Kingsley is Director of the Eliza- beth McCormick Memorial, with headquarters at 315 Plymouth Court (City Club). 70 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK The Woman's City Club, active in all fields of civic endeavor for the good of women and children in particular, is located at 116 South Michigan Avenue. Board of Education headquarters occupy the sixth, seventh and eighth floors of the Tribune Building, Dearborn and Madison Streets. Tele- phone Central 3981 (all departments). Cruelty to children should be reported to the Illinois Humane Society, 1145 South Wabash Ave- nue. Telephone Harrison 7005 ; or to the Anti- Cruelty Society, 155 West Indiana Street. Tele- phone North 5762. Applications for placing dependent children in homes may be filed with W. S. Reynolds, Superin- tendent Illinois Home and Aid Society, Republic Building, State and Adams Streets. Mr. Reynolds is also Secretary of the Board of County Visitors. Applications for mothers' pensions, under the Funds for Parents law, should be referred to Juve- nile Court, 1007 County Building. Mrs. Emma Quinlan is head of this division of the Juvenile Court. Dr. D. P. McMillan is Director of the Depart- ment of Child Study for the public schools, with offices at Suite 808, Tribune Building. Telephone Central 3981. He examines children with visual, auditory, physical, or mental defects. Dr. William Healy has charge of the Psycho- MR. EDWARD TILDEN, Former President of the Chicago Board of Education, and Philan- thropist Who Does Not Forget the Day He Was a Boy. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 71 pathic Institute at the Juvenile Detention Home, 771 Ewing Street. The Immigrants' Protective League is at 743 Plymouth Court. Telephone Harrison 6576. The Bureau of Personal Service, 730 West Twelfth Street (telephone Monroe 5293), is a pro- tective organization for Jewish families. Minnie Low is the Superintendent. The Cook County Board of Visitors for the in- spection of institutions is composed of Geo. E. Cole, Chairman; Daniel McCann, Vice-Chairman ; Min- nie F. Low, Dr. Mary B. White, Rose C. Kwasi- groch and Chas. H. Wacker. Applications for positions in the United States government civil service may be filed at the Federal Building, thirteenth floor. Dealers who sell cigarettes and tobacco to minors, in violation of state laws and the munici- pal code, are prosecuted by the Anti-Cigarette League, 108 South La Salle Street (telephone Main 4659), Lucy Page Gaston, Superintendent. The Citizens League, 1405 Ashland Block (tele- phone Central 799), prosecutes dealers who sell liquor to minors and habitual drunkards. The City Civil Service Commission is located at Room 610, City Hall, where applications for exam- inations for classified service may be filed after ex- aminations are advertised. R. A. Widdowson is Secretary. Telephone Main 447. 72 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Original entrance examinations are open to male citizens of Chicago twenty-one years of age or over, and females eighteen years of age or over. The State Civil Service Commission has head- quarters at Springfield, III. Investigation of philanthropic organizations ask- ing public support, are made by the Association of Commerce, 10 South La Salle Street. Henry Stew- art is in charge of this bureau, and he has an ap- proved list of organizations the Association deems worthy of support. Telephone Main 4808. The Protectorate of the Catholic Woman's League is at 7 West Madison Street. Mrs. Thad- deus J. Meder is chairman. Its work in the Juvenile Court and the Court of Domestic Relations deserves special mention. The Committee on Relations has saved many girls from lives of disgrace and despair. The Court of Domestic Relations, Room 906, City Hall (telephone Franklin 2684), is a branch of the Municipal Court which deals largely with wife abandonment, incompatibility and intemper- ance among parents, agencies that contribute to juvenile delinquency, parents who violate the school attendance law, etc. The Legal Aid Society, 31 West Lake Street (telephone Randolph 647), is for the purpose of assisting men, women and children who cannot af- ford to employ attorneys. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 73 The Morals Court is a branch of the Municipal Court in the City Hall. The County Civil Service Commission is located in the County Building. Telephone Franklin 3015. Sergeant Jere O'Connor is censor of moving pic- tures, etc., vi^ith headquarters at City Hall. The City Club, 315 Plymouth Court, has a Com- mittee on Juvenile Protection of which W. W. Case is chairman. A directory of organizations, social agencies, institutions, etc., appears elsewhere in this volume. F. A. Crosby is City Director of Boys' Work, and Glenn D. Adams Secretary of the North Side Boys' Club, with headquarters at 602 North Ave- nue. Telephone Lincoln 2314. Helen Kelly is chief of the school nurses, with headquarters at the Health Department, City Hall. The State Charities Commission has head- quarters at Springfield, III, A. L. Bowen, Secre- tary. The members of the board are Dr. E. H, Ochsner, Dr. Anna Dwyer, Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, Chicago, Frank Trutter of Springfield, and Jno. B. Harris of Champaign. Morgan G. Hogge, 6028 Drexel Ave., is Presi- dent of the Principals' Club, and Ida L. M. Furs- man, 4465 North Forty-third Avenue, is President of the Teachers' Federation. Dr. Clara Seippel. 32 North State Street, i<^ President of the Frances Juvenile Home, located at 74 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK 3929 Indiana Avenue, an institution which cares for infected children. Telephone Douglas 4553. The public safety of children is given attention by the Public Safety Commission, H. L. Brownell, Secretary, Otis Building. Telephone Main 3891. Mrs. Minora S. Jones is President of the Race Betterment League, Headquarters 509 East Thirty- fourth Street. The Chicago Boys' Club has central headquart- ers at 440 South Dearborn Street. Dr. Solon C. Bronson is President, and John H. Witter Super- intendent. The Eleanor Association for Girls has central headquarters at Room 1007-37 South Wabash Avenue. Miss Ina Law Robertson is President. It has five branches. The Illinois Society for Mental Hygiene has its central office at Room 1406, 116 South Michigan Avenue. Elnora E. Thomson is Superintendent. (Telephone Randolph 5073). The Illinois Probation Officers have a State As- sociation. L. A. Peckham, of the Chicago Juvenile Court, is President. Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, of Chicago, is President of the Illinois State Conference on Charities and Cor- rections. The National League of Compulsory Education officials has headquarters at 7 South Dearborn Street, Chicago. The officers are: President, W. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 75 L. Bodine, Chicago; Vice-Presidents, H. R. Pesta- lozzi, of Milwaukee, H. J. Gideon, of Philadelphia; Secretary, Jno. B. Quinn, St. Louis ; Treasurer, E. P. Gepson, Omaha. The headquarters of the Chicago Public School Kindergarten Association is at 5 South Wabash Avenue (Room 1808). Miss C. Louise Shafifner is President. "Votes for women" means welfare for CHILDREN. There are a number of suffrage or- ganizations in the city. Among those who head these organizations are Mrs. Harriette Taylor Treadwxll, of the Chicago Political Equality League; Mrs. Jos. T. Bowen (Chicago Equal Suf- frage Association) ; Mrs. Grace Wilbur Trout, of the Illinois Equal Suft'rage Association; Mrs. Charlotte C. Rhodus (Woman's Party of Cook County) ; Miss Marion H. Drake (Cook County Suffrage Alliance). The Civic Federation is at Room 416, 108 South LaSalle Street. Douglas Sutherland is Secretary. The Society for the Prevention of Crime has headquarters Room 1118, 8 South LaSalle Street. President E. E. Lambert. Mrs. Edward Tilden is President of the Chil- dren's Benefit League. "The American Vigilance Association," located at 332 South Michigan Avenue (Telephone Har- rison 2041), is conducting a crusade against the 76 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK "White Slave" traffic. Clifford Roe is attorney for this organization. F. Emory Lyon, Room 1245 Monon Building (Telephone Harrison 511), has charge of the Cen- tral Howard Association headquarters, — an or- ganization which gives ex-prisoners a chance to forget the past and strive for a new and better future. PUBLIC SERVICE OFFICIALS IN JUVENILE WELFARE WORK Mayor, Carter H. Harrison, 507 City Hall. State Factory Inspector, Oscar F. Nelson, Transporta- tion Building, 608 South Dearborn Street. Assistant State Factory Inspector, Barney Cohen, Transportation Building, 608 South Dearborn Street. Chief Justice Municipal Court, Judge Harry Olson, 915 City Hall. Judge of Juvenile Court, Merritt W. Pinckney, 1007 County Building. Assistant to Judge, Juvenile Court, Mary Bartelme, 1007 County Building. Chief Probation Officer, Juvenile Court, Joel D. Hunter, 1007 County Building. Judge of Court of Domestic Relations, Hon. Jos. Z. Uhlir, 910 City Hall. Commissioner of Health, Dr. George B. Young, 707 City Hall. Chief of Sanitary Inspection, Charles B. Ball, 707 City Hall. Chief Medical Inspector, Dr. Heman Spalding, 707 City Hall. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 77 President of County Board, A. A. McCormick, County Building. State's Attorney, Maclay Hoyne, Criminal Court Build- ing. County Agent, Joseph Meyer, 213 South Peoria Street. Public Guardian, Nellie Carlin, County Building. Assistant City Physician, Dr. Clara P. Seippel, 32 North State Street. Superintendent of Compulsory Education, Wm. L. Bodine, 626 Tribune Building, 7 South Dearborn Street. Director of Child Study Department, Dr. D. P. Mac- Millan, 806 Tribune Building, 7 South Dearborn Street. Assistant Director Child Study Department, Dr. F. G. Bruner, 806 Tribune Building, 7 South Dearborn Street. Superintendent of Parental School, P. A. Mortenson, Bowmanville. Superintendent of House of Correction and John Worthy School, Jno. L. Whitman, Twenty-sixth and Cali- fornia Avenue. Clerk of Age and School Certificate Bureau (Public Schools), Wm. Kalter, First Floor, Jones School, Plymouth Court and Harrison Street. County Clerk, Robert F. Sweitzer, 233 County Building. Bureau of Vital Statistics, Infant Welfare, etc., Health Department, Dr. N. O. Heckard, Dr. C. St. Clair Drake and Dr. H. Ohls, 707 City Hall. Superintendent of Juvenile Detention Home, Delphine Culver, 771 Ewing Street. Superintendent of School Social Centers, John D. Shoop, Assistant Superintendent of Schools, 820 Tribune Building. Superintendent of Special Industrial Rooms, District 78 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Superintendent Samuel B. Allison, Eighth Floor, Tribune Building (830). Judge of Morals Court, Judge Jacob Hopkins, City Hall. Physician of Morals Court, Dr. Anna Dvvyer, City Hall. Censor of Moving Pictures, etc.. Sergeant J. W. O'Con- nor, 304 City Hall. Chief of Food Inspection, Dr. B. E. Sherman, 707 City Hall. Clerk of Juvenile Court, George R. Bruce, 1007 County Building. Medical Examiner, Parental School Cases, Dr. W. Mur- ray, Health Department, City Hall. County Superintendent of Schools, Edward Tobin, County Building. Chairman Small Parks and Playgrounds Commission, Alderman A. W. Beilfuss, City Hall. Superintendent of City Playgrounds and Beaches, Theo- dore A. Gross, City Hall. Supervisor of Crippled Children's Bus Service, Gustav A. Hofmann, 626 Tribune Building. Superintendent Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium, Frank E. Wing, 105 West Monroe Street. Chief Adult Probation Officer, John W. Houston, County Building. First Deputy Superintendent of Police, Herman Schuettler, City Plall. Second Deputy Superintendent of Police, Major M. L. C. Funkhouser, City Hall. Sheriff, Michael Zimmer, County Building. Public Librarian, H. E. Legler, Public Library. Sergeant of Police Probation Officers, Martin F. Rogers, 1007 County Building. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 79 State Visitation Agent, Rev. Chas. Virden, Evanston, 111. Bailiff of Juvenile Court, Albert Rush. Interpreter of Juvenile Court, W. Nap'ierowski. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO 1913-1914. Peter Reinberg, President; Henry W. Huttmann, Vice- President; Lewis E. Larson, Secretary. MEMBERSHIP. Daniel R. Cameron, 15 West Lake Street; term expires 1916. Peter Reinberg, 5440 North Robey Street; term expires 1916. Dean Walter T. Sumner, 117 North Peoria Street; term expires 1915. Julius F. Smietanka, Room 610, 69 West Washington Street; term expires 1915. John C. Harding, Room 222 Postal Telegraph Building ; term expires 1914. Charles O. Sethness, 718 North Curtis Street; term ex- pires 1914. Harry A. Lipsky, 1214 South Halsted Street; term ex- pires 1914. Mrs. John MacMahon, 5426 East View Park, Third Apartment; term expires 1914. Jacob M. Loeb, Room 1737, 175 West Jackson Boule- vard; term expires 1914. James B. Dibelka, Room 640, 29 La Salle Street ; term expires 1914. Henry W. Huttmann, 111 West Monroe Street; term ex- pires 1914. John J. Sonsteby, Room 605, 19 South La Salle Street ; term expires 1915. (6) 80 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Thomas Kelly, 3622 South Western Avenue ; term ex- pires 1915. William Rothmann, Room 1340, 38 South Dearborn Street; term expires 1915. Dr. Otto F. Warning, Room 908, 8 North State Street ; term expires 1916. Robert J. Roulston, 436 West Sixty-first Place; term expires 1915. Michael J. Collins, Room 1553 Railway Exchange Build- ing; term expires 1916. Charles S. Peterson, 531 Plymouth Place; term expires 1915. Mrs. Florence Vosbrink, 4846 Forrestville Avenue ; term expires 1916. Mrs. Gertrude Howe Britton, 800 South Halsted Street (Hull House) ; term expires 1916. Dr. Peter C. Clemensen, 6156 Evans Avenue; term ex- pires 1916. Regular meetings of the board are held on alternate Wednesday afternoons at four o'clock. REGULAR COMMITTEE MEETINGS. Meetings of the Committee on School Management are held on alternate Thursday afternoons at four o'clock. Meetings of the Committee on Buildings and Grounds are held on alternate Friday afternoons at two o'clock. Meetings of the Committee on Finance are held on al- ternate Wednesday afternoons at three o'clock. STANDING COMMITTEES FOR THE YEAR 1913-1914. COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL MANAGEMENT. Dean Sumner, Chairman; Mr. Cameron, Mr. Smie- tanka, Mr. Lipsky, Mrs. MacMahon, Mr. Loeb, Mr. Peter- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 81 son, Mrs. Vosbrink, Mrs. Britton, Dr. Clemensen, the Presi- dent, ex-officib. COMMITTEE ON BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS. Mr. Sethness, Chairman; Mr. Harding, Mr. Huttmann, Mr. Dibelka, Mr. Rothmann. Mr. Kelly, Mr. Sonsteby, Dr. Warning, Mr. Collins, Mr. Roulston, the President, ex- officio. COMMITTEE ON FINANCE. Mr. Rothmann, Chairman ; Mr. Kelly, Mr. Sonsteby, Mr, Roulston, Chairman Committee on School Management, Chairman Committee on Buildings and Grounds ; the Presi- dent, ex-officio. education division. Superintendent of Schools, Dr. Ella Flagg Young. First Assistant Superintendent, Jno. D. Shoop. Assistant Superintendent, Elizabeth W. Murphy. Superintendent of Vocational Guidance, Wm. M. Roberts. District Superintendents of Schools, Ella C. Sullivan, Orville T. Bright, Gertrude English, E. C. Rossiter, Rufus M. Hitch, Henry C. Cox, Chas. D. Lowry, Minnie R. Cowan, W. C. Dodge, Kate Starr Kellogg, Samuel B. Allison. Supervisor of Blind, Jno. B. Curtis. Supervisor of Physical Education, Henry Suder. Supervisor of Manual Training in High Schools, Robt. M. Smith. Supervisor of Manual Training in Elementary Schools, E. F. Worst. Supervisor of German, Martin Schmidhofer. Director of Vocational Guidance, Ann Davis. Administration Division. L. E. Larson, Secretary, in charge. Bureau of Purchases, J. A. Guilford. 82 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Bureau of Audit, Fred Vogt. Bureau of Engineering, Frank McAdams. Bureau of Architecture, Arthur F. Hussander. Bureau of Repairs, J. J. McGrady. General Counsel, Richard Folsom. Attorney, Angus Roy Shannon. Special Agent, James Watson. CHICAGO PUBLIC SERVICE LEAGUE. The public officials of the City, County and State en- gaged in work pertaining to social service, have an organiza- tion known as the Chicago Public Service League. Or- ganized January 18, 1913. Its officers are as follows : President, Wm. L. Bodine. First Vice-President, Judge M. W. Pinckney. Second Vice-President, Joseph Meyer. Secretary, Robert M. Sweitzer. Treasurer, Dr. George B. Young. Chairman of Executive Committee, John L. Whitman. Chairman of Legislative Committee, L. E. Larson. Chairman of Program Committee, John D. Shoop. Chairman of Committee on Charities and Corrections, Ella M. Cullen. Executive Committee, Jno. L. Whitman, Ella Flagg Young, Judge M. W. Pinckney, Dr. Clara P. Seippel, Judge Jno. E. Owens, Joel D. Hunter, Robert M. Sweitzer, Dr. George B. Young, Joseph Meyer, Oscar F. Nelson, L. E. Larson, Jno. D. Shoop, Ella M. Cullen, and the President. JUVENILE PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION. The Juvenile Protective Association, with central head- quarters at 816 South Halsted Street, and branches or local ON JUVENILE WELFARE 83 organizations throughout the city, is organized and operated for the following object: To organize branch protective leagues within the boun- daries of Cook County. To suppress and prevent conditions and to prosecute persons contributing to the dependency, truancy or delin- quency of children, and to promote the welfare of children in every respect. To co-operate with the Juvenile Court, Compulsory Edu- cation Department, State Factory Inspector, and all other child helping agencies. To promote the study of child problems and by syste- matic agitation, through the press and otherwise, to create a permanent public sentiment for the establishment of wholesome agencies, such as parks, playgrounds, gymnasi- ums, free baths, communal social centers and the like. Its officers are as follows : Mrs. Joseph Tilton Bowen, President, 136 Astor Street. Very Rev. Dean Sumner, First Vice-President, 18 South Peoria Street. Father Andrew Spetz, Second Vice-President, 1 Ingra- ham Street. Dr. Rabbi Joseph Stoltz, Third Vice-President, 4827 Langley Avenue. Mrs. Charles M. Walker, Treasurer, 392 La Salle Ave- nue. Mrs. George R. Dean, Secretary, Kenilworth, 111. Prof. Allan Hoben, Field Secretary, University of Chi- cago. Gertrude Howe Britton, General Superintendent, 816 South Halsted Street. Harry E. Smoot, Attorney, 1520 Ashland Block. 84 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK SOCIAL SERVICE CLUB. The social workers in all branches of human betterment fields of endeavor have an organization — the Social Service Club — which meets every month to discuss sociological sub- jects. The officers are as follows : President, Helen M. Crittenton. First Vice-President, T. W. Allinson. Second Vice-President, Adelaide Walfh. Secretary, Mabel Brown Ellis. Treasurer, Joseph L. Moss. SCHOOL OF CIVICS AND PHILANTHROPY. The Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy was incorporated under the general law of the State of Illinois "to promote through instruction, training, investigation and publication the efficiency of civic, philanthropic and social work, and the improvement of living and working condi- tions." Headquarters, 116 South Michigan Avenue. Executive Committee — Victor Elting, Chairman; Julia C. Lathrop, Vice-Chairman; Edward L. Ryerson, Treas- urer; Mrs. W. F. Dummer, Secretary; Alfred L. Baker, W. E. Hotchkiss, Allen B. Pond. Administration — President, Graham Taylor; Dean, Sophonisba P. Breckinridge; Business Manager, A. K. Maynard ; Registrar and Supervisor of Field Work, Estelle B. Hunter. Departments — General Training — Director, Graham Taylor. Social Investigation — Directors, Sophonisba P. Breckinridge and Edith Abbott. Municipal Training- Director, Howard Woodhead. Extension and Reference — Director, Edward L. Burchard. Librarian — Ruth G. Nichols. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 85 CO-OPERATIVE AGENCIES IN RE- LIEF AND SOCIAL WORK. UNITED CHARITIES OF CHICAGO. Headquarters, 168 North Michigan Avenue. Eugene T. Lies, Superintendent, Telephone, Randolph 7160. Central District — Miss Myra B. Van Nostrand, Superintendent, 2804 Michigan Avenue. Telephone, Calu- met 1006. Englewood District — Miss Gertrude McCleery, Super- intendent, 226 West Sixty-third Street. Telephone, Went- worth 942. Lower North District — Myra B. Van Nostrand, Superintendent, 1116 Wells Street. Telephone, North 3398. Northern District — Mrs. Florence J. Brown, Super- intendent, 2251 Sheffield Avenue. Telephone, Lincoln 1886. Northwest District — Miss Ethel Bird, Superintendent, 1347 North Robey Street. Telephone, Humboldt 1320. South Chicago District — Miss Sara A. Brown, Super- intendent, 2955 East Ninety-first Street. Telephone, South Chicago 845. Southwest District — Miss Helen Friend, Superintend- ent, 2123 South Ashland Avenue. Telephone, Canal 211. Stock Yards District — Mr. Ralph J. Reed, Superin- tendent, 723 West Forty-seventh Street. Telephone, Yards 24. West Side District — Emil Steger, Superintendent, 940 West Madison Street. Telephone, Monroe 5837. Homeless Man Department — Mr. J. K. Brenton, Superintendent, 168 North Michigan Avenue. 86 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Other agencies that have a co-operative system with United Charities : Adult Probation — Jno. J. Houston, Superintendent, 226 County Building. Telephone, Franklin 3015. Anti-Cruelty Society — Mr. Hugo Krause, Superin- tendent, 155 West Indiana Street. Telephone, North 5762. Association House — Miss Carrie Wilson, Superintend- ent, 2150 West North Avenue. Telephone, Humboldt 1428. Associated Jewish Charities, 30 North LaSalle. Bohemian Charitable Association — Mr. Chas. Otto, Superintendent, 3401 West Twenty-sixth Street. Catholic Woman's League (Protectorate Department) —Dr. M. O'B. Porter, Superintendent, 7 West Madison Street. Telephone, Central 3301. Central Howard Association — Dr. F. Emery Lyon, Superintendent, 509 Monadnock Block. Telephone, Harri- son 511. Chicago Hebrew Mission — Mrs. T. C. Rounds, Super- intendent, 1425 Solon Place. Telephone, Canal 815. Chicago Inner Mission — Rev. V. J. Tengwald, Super- intendent, 1346 LaSalle Avenue. Telephone, Dearborn 6255. Chicago Law and Order League — A. B. Farwell, Superintendent, 19 South LaSalle Street. Telephone, Central 4585. Chicago Lying-in Hospital and Dispensary — Miss Sarah G. Pinney, Superintendent, 1336 Newberry Avenue. Telephone, Monroe 454. Chicago Nursery and Half Orphan Asylum — Mrs. H. H. Martin, Superintendent, 1932 Burling Street. Tele- phone, Lincoln 700. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 87 Children's Memorial Hospital — Miss Adelaide Walsh, Superintendent, Fullerton and Orchard Streets. Telephone, Lincoln 166. Christ Child Society — Mrs. Wm. Amberg, President, 1301 North State Street. Telephone, North 1281. Church of the Redeemer — Rev. A. E. Bartlett, Super- intendent, Warren Avenue and Robey Street. Telephone, West 1000. Citizens' League — Mr. Henry K. Grose, Superintend- ent, 1405 Ashland Block. Telephone, Central 799. Cook County Agent — Mr. Jos. Meyer, 213 South Peoria Street. Telephone, Monroe 2608. County Hospital — Miss Marion Prentiss, Superintend- ent, Social Service Department. Telephone, West 171. Court of Domestic Relations — Judge J. Z. Uhlir, 902 City Hall. Telephone, Franklin 2684. Eli Bates Settlement House — Mrs. Marie Leavitt, Superintendent, 621 West Elm Street. Telephone, North 3608. Glenwood Manual Training School — Mr. Leo Philips, Superintendent, Glenwood, 111. Telephone, Chicago Heights 17. German Society of Chicago — Mr. Felix Von W- Wysow, Manager, 153 North LaSalle Street. Telephone, Main 4026. Halsted Street Institutional Church — Miss Minnie M. Sorensen, Superintendent, Twentieth and Halsted Streets. Telephone, Canal 2559. Home for the Friendless — Miss Anna Helbing, Super- intendent, 5059 Vincennes Avenue. Telephone, Oakland 939. 88 BO BINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Illinois Children's Home and Aid — Wilfred S. Reynolds, Superintendent. Telephone, Harrison 5627. Illinois Humane Society — Geo. A. H. Scott, Super- intendent, 1145 Wabash Avenue. Telephone, Harrison 7005. Illinois Society for Mental Hygiene — Miss Elnora Thompson, Superintendent, 116 South Michigan Boulevard. Telephone, Randolph 5073. Immigrants' Protective League — Miss Grace Abbott, Superintendent, 743 Plymouth Place. Telephone, Harrison 6576. Infant Welfare Society — Miss Minnie H. Ahrens, Superintendent, 104 South Michigan Boulevard. Telephone, Randolph 3146. Juvenile Court — Mr. Joel Hunter, Chief Probation Officer, 1007 County Building. Telephone, Franklin 3015. Juvenile Protective Association — Mrs. James Brit- ton, Superintendent, 816 South Halsted Street. Telephone, Monroe 5796. • Kirkland Mission — Rev. T. E. Somerville, Superin- tendent, 764 West Adams Street. League of Visible Helpers — H. W. Schimpf, Super- intendent, 218 North Kedzie avenue. Telephone, Kedzie 8817. Legal Aid Society — Mrs. Wm. E. Boyes, Superintend- ent, 31 West Lake Street. Telephone, Randolph 484. Lincoln Centre — Miss Anna Zellman, Superintendent, Langley Avenue and Oakley Boulevard. Telephone, Douglas 1129. Mary Crane Nursery — Miss Myrn Brockett, Superin- tendent, 818 Ewing Street. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 89 Mary Thompson Hospital — Miss Kate J. Adams, Superintendent, 6549 Washington Avenue, Telephone. Hyde Park 5127. Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium — Mr. Frank E. Wing, Superintendent, 105 Monroe Street. Telephone, Main 447. Local 252. New Future Association House — Mrs. Josephine R. Schell, Superintendent, 536 East Thirty-seventh Street. Telephone, Douglas 3597. Northwestern University Settlement — Miss Har- riet Vittum, Superintendent, 1400 Augusta Street. Tele- phone, Monroe 1717. Oak Park Charity Organization — Mrs. J. I. Davis, Superintendent, 332 Lake Street. Telephone, Oak Park 3819-L. Olivet Institute — Miss Etta R. Koper, Superintend- ent, Corner Vedder and Penn Streets. Telephone, North 3071. Presbyterian Hospital — Mrs. Olive B. Hazlett, Super- intendent, 1753 West Congress Street. Telephone, West 2740. Salvation Army — Col. Geo. French, Superintendent, 673 South State Street. Telephone, Harrison 2434. School Children's Aid — Miss E. Boynton, Superin- tendent, 211 East Ontario Street. Telephone, North 2975. Swedish National Association — Mrs. Othelia Myhr- man. Superintendent, 107 North Dearborn Street. Tele- phone, Central 2687. Swift & Co., Social Service Department — Miss Whitty, Superintendent. Telephone, Yards 4200. Travelers' Aid — Mrs. Wilhelmina Barr, Superintend- ent, Y. W. C. A., 830 Michigan Avenue. 90 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Union Avenue M. E. Church — Miss S. B. Williams, Deaconess, 4325 Emerald Avenue. Visiting Nurse Association — Miss Edna Foley, Superintendent, 104 South Michigan Boulevard. Telephone, Central 1142. Vocational Bureau — Miss Ann Davis, Superintendent, Jones School. Telephone, Central 3981. Volunteers of America — Major Pauline Smith, 1201 Washington Boulevard. Telephone, Haymarket 4270. Jewish Aid Society, 1338 South Morgan Street. Part IV Corrective and Charitable Institutions IVe need Parents' Clubs for some dis- tricts and clubs for parents in others, — to make fathers and mothers do their plain duty is raising good citizens instead of bad ones. TJicn tJie institutions zvould not be so oi'ercrozvded. THE PARENTAL SCHOOL As a result of an agitation originally started by the late Alzinah Stevens, Lucy Flower and the League of Cook County Woman's Clubs and others, the Parental School, located at West Foster and North Central Park Avenues (Bowmanville), was erected in 1902. It is operated by the Board of Education for the purpose of affording a place of confinement, discipline, instruction and maintenance of children of compulsory attendance age (7 to 14), who are habitual truants or who persistently violate the rules of the public schools of Chicago. It consists of a main building, several large dou- ble cottages, and other buildings, farm, play- grounds, etc., which occupy a tract of seventy acres of land. Remote from the congested districts of a great city, this institution with its complete equip- ment of class rooms, dormitories, dining rooms, libraries, gymnasium, its broad fields and gardens, is the new home of the boy who is started on a new life amid an environment of sunshine, fresh air, a clean bed and nourishing food that tends to his physical welfare. The pitying hand of correction and care brings him closer to the educational life that means so much to his future. In addition to the (7) (95) 96 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK regular course of study, he is given manual train- ing, horticulture, military training, physical culture and opportunities to develop mind and muscle in the making of a man. It is not a prison school. It is not on the "con- gregate" plan. It is a "family" school on the pavil- ion or cottage plan. When the boys are through in the class room each day, they are given into the care of family officers — sympathetic and competent men and women who understand boys. A physician, matron, and child study experts attend to their physical welfare. Cleanliness is impressed upon them by a system of shower baths, and there is a large lagoon on the grounds used for swimming in the summer and skating in the winter. Because many who are committed to the Parental School are overgrown boys who are back- ward in their grades at school, the cause of retarda- tion is located and an effort made to bring the boy up to the grade he should be in before he is returned on parole to his old school. Parents are permitted to visit their boys at this institution, and are often thankful later when the boy returns home, that their son's waywardness was checked in truancy before it developed into delinquency. It costs the Board of Education $80,000 per year to maintain this institution. Its capacity is 325. With a system of paroles it provides for 500 boys per year. The average period of detention is from ON JUVENILE WELFARE 97 four to six months. The Superintendent of the Parental School has the sole power of parole, sub- ject to the concurrence of the Board of Education. There is no religious instruction in the class rooms. Each boy remains in the religious faith his parent designates. Each creed has a representative call at the school on the specified day of religious observa- tion. The Parental School is a factor in character building. It provides not only for habitual truants, but for boys who are incorrigible in the class room. As corporal punishment is not permitted in the pub- lic schools, the only protection of discipline where parents do not co-operate with teachers, is the Parental School. The question of discipline is as important as truancy in our schools today. Teach- ers cannot give too much individual attention to one unruly boy, without sacrificing the time that belongs to the obedient majority among other pupils in the room. The first Superintendent of the Parental School was Thomas Howard MacOueary; the second was Rufus M. Hitch, now a district superintendent, and the incumbent is Peter A. Mortenson, whose admin- istration has proved popular and successful in every respect. The Parental School state law, under which the institution operates, authorizes the Board of Educa- tion to establish, equip and maintain one or more parental schools for the purpose of affording a place 98 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK of confinement, discipline, instruction and main- tenance of habitual truants and pupils who persist- ently violate the rules of the public schools. It ap- plies to children between seven and fourteen years of age. The procedure for commi tment is by pjellF tion to the Judge of the Juvenile Court, who after hearing the evidence may commit the offender for a period of not less than four weeks or until such time as the child is paroled by the Superintendent of the Parental School. For violation of parole, the child may be returned forthwith to the Parental School and remain there until re-paroled or discharged. The law imposes upon parents the responsibility for providing suitable clothing for the child while the latter is in the institution. The child is returned to his parents and home when paroled or discharged. No religious instruction is permitted in the class rooms of the Parental School on school days, but separate religious services are held with respect to the moral training designated by the parent, and under direction of the respective representatives of various denominations. No child can be sent to the Parental School who has ever been an inmate of a penal institution, and the law also provides for the transfer to reforma- tories of children who prove unfit for the Parental School. Principals report to the Superintendent of the Parental School, from time to time, the progress of paroled pupils from the Parental School. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 99 Orville T. Bright, District Superintendent, and a veteran in educational work, recently made the following official report to the Board of Education: "The Parental School more than fulfills the wishes of those who strove so earnestly for its estab- lishment. Nobody who visits the school will fail to be delighted with its management and with the gen- eral spirit of kindliness, efficiency and good cheer which pervade the entire plant. The Superintendent is one of the noblest of men and his assistants of whatever rank are very efficient men and women. "The school is divided into eight family groups of forty boys. Each of these groups has a pleasant and sanitary school room and a cottage. The teach- ers are carefully selected and the pupils are graded as in elementary schools. Their school work is based essentially on the Chicago Course of Study, as the boys are expected to return to the elementary schools without loss of standing after a sojourn at the Parental. The excellent instruction at the Parental School renders this possible whenever good sense and sympathy prevail at the home schools. "In charge of each cottage are a family instruc- tor and an assistant, a man and his wife, just as carefully selected as are the class teachers. For eighteen hours a day, whether at work or at play, the boys are under the care of these family officers, and it is the same kindlv care that obtains in the 100 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK best regulated homes. There is all of the freedom that is compatible with good living. Their play is supervised, but not restricted. It is made sports- manlike through teaching. There is a half hour of military drill each day, each group by itself on its own grounds. The officers of the drill are from the boys. Each group has its own diamond for base- ball and there is healthful emulation to make the grounds of each cottage attractive by means of flower beds and other planting. "There is a well equipped manual training plant in which all but the smallest boys spend an hour each day. The room teacher accompanies the boys and assists in the manual instruction, thus making it possible for forty boys to work at each period. The boys who are too small to go to the benches have construction work in their rooms for the hour each day." ST. CHARLES SCHOOL FOR BOYS. Many Chicago boys who are classified as delin- quents, are now sent to the state institution estab- lished in 1904 and known as the St. Charles School for Boys, located at St. Charles, 111. In former years, delinquent boys were sent to the local institu- tion — the John Worthy School at Twenty-sixth Street and California Avenue, within a biscuit toss of the Bridewell, with only a wall between delin- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 101 quent childhood and the hardened adult criminals gathered from every portion of a city of crime. St. Charles means the country — with over 900 acres of fields, and a corrective institution operated on the progressive and humane family or "cottage" plan. The capacity at St. Charles is inadequate to keep pace with Chicago's portion of representation. Per- force, many boys are released on probation. The St. Charles School for Boys has its gardens, its meadows, and its buildings for the care, the edu- cation and the regeneration of delinquent boys. It is truly "a village of red brick in a setting of green." Five hundred boys are annually cared for here by the state. Judge Richard S. Tuthill, one of the pioneers in child conservation work in Illinois, is the one man above all others, entitled to credit for the creation and success of the St. Charles School. The Com- mercial Club of Chicago also has given it an encour- aging hand. Colonel C. B. Adams, Superintendent, has been a factor in making its great administrative achieve- ments possible. N. W. McLain of Hinsdale has always been the loyal friend of the institution. The plant includes school buildings, gymnasium building, eleven cottages, dormitories, natatorium, industrial building, hospital, stables, and all the ap- pointments of an up-to-date corrective institution. 102 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK The boys get next to Nature's heart at St. Charles. Scientific agriculture is one of the fea- tures. The academic courses are supplemented with the industrial. Trades are taught, that benefit the boys when they leave school. Athletics is one of the most popular features at the school. The gymna- sium building cost $50,000. The school has a dairy establishment. Cows and sheep add to the picture of country life that appeals to the interest of the boys from the congested dis- tricts of a big city. The older delinquent boys — over seventeen and under twenty-one years of age — are committed to the State Reformatory at Pontiac, the 'little peni- tentiary." Prior to the erection of the St. Charles School for Boys, youthful juvenile offenders from cities in Illinois outside of Chicago were sent to Pontiac, because it was the only available corrective institution for juveniles, with the exception of the John Worthy School. INSTITUTIONS, ETC., AFFILIATED WITH THE JUVENILE COURT. Delinquents. (Girls 10 to 18 years of age) — Chicago Refuge for Girls, Fifty-first Street and Indiana Avenue, Miss Helen Stevens, Superintendent. Telephone, Oakland, 346. Miss Jennie Ratclifife, Officer. Telephone, Calumet 3213. Delinquents (Girls 10 to 18 years of age) — House of the Good Shepherd, Grace Street and Racine Avenue, ffi u ON JUVENILE WELFARE 103 Mother Superior, Superintendent. Telephone, Lake View 966. Charles A. Smith, Officer, 3510 North Ashland Ave- nue. Telephone, Graceland 2687. Chicago Industrial School for Colored Girls (Branch), Forty-ninth and Prairie Avenue. Delinquents (Girls 10 to 18 years of age) — State Training School for Girls, Geneva, 111. Telephone, Geneva 10. Delinquents (Boys 10 to 17 years of age) — John Worthy School, Twenty-sixth Street and California Avenue, John L. Whitman, Superintendent. Delinquents (Boys 10 to 17 years of age) — St. Charles School for Boys, St. Charles, 111., C. B. Adams, Superintend- ent. Telephone, St. Charles 4. O. L. Peckham, Officer, 236 North Fifty-first Avenue. Telephone, Austin 5401. Truants (Boys 7 to 14 years of age) — Chicago Parental School, North Central Park Avenue and Foster Avenue (Bowmanville), P. A. Mortenson, Superintendent. Tele- phone, Edgewater 384. Working Boys' Home (For delinquent boys, boys picked up on streets, etc.) — Father C. J. Quille, Superin- tendent, 1140 West Jackson Boulevard. Telephone, Mon- roe 969. William Bernier, Officer. Dependents (Boys 10 to 17 years of age) — Illinois Manual Training School Farm, Glenwood, 111. Leo. A. Phillips, Superintendent, 169- Jackson Boulevard, Chicago. Telephone, Harrison 5814. Jacob A. West, Officer, 6125 Green Street, Chicago. Telephone, Wentworth 5758. Dependents (Boys and girls 7 to 14 years of age) — St. Mary's Training School, Feehanville, III. Sister Bor- romeo, Superintendent, 79 Dearborn Street. Telephone, Central 172. Patrick Dwyer, Officer, 5728 May Street. Telephone, Normal 3207. 104 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Dependents (Girls 7 to 18 years of age) — Illinois In- dustrial School, Park Ridge, III. Miss Martha Edwards, Superintendent. William H. Birch, Officer, 8945 Dauphin Avenue, Burnside. Dependents (Boys and girls 1 to 14 years of age) — Angel Guardian Orphan Asylum, 2001 Devon Avenue. Telephone, Edgewater 420. Sister Bertina, Superintend- ent. James L. Rofifle, Officer, 4333 North Robey Street. Dependents (Boys and girls, infants to 6 years of age) — St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, Superior and LaSalle Streets. Telephone, North 282. Sister Mariana, Super- intendent. Dependents — St. Joseph's Bohemian Orphanage. Lisle, 111. Dependents (Boys under 12 years of age; girls and women, all ages) — Home for the Friendless, Miss Anna Helbing, Superintendent, Fifty-first Street and Vincennes Avenue. Telephone, Oakland 939. Dependents — Polish Manual Training (boys), Edison Park, 111.; St. Hegewich Industrial School (girls), Edison Park, 111. ; Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Home for Chil- dren, Edison Park, 111. ; Home for Jewish Friendless, Fifty- third and Ellis Avenue; St. Mary's (Episcopalian) Home for Children, 2822 Jackson Boulevard ; Chicago Homes for Boys, 1500 West Adams. Other Institutions — Chicago Orphan Asylum, 5120 South Park Avenue ; Frances Juvenile Home, 3929 Indiana Avenue ; Louise Home, 6130 Ada Street ; Waterfield Home, 1307 West Sixty-first Street; Cathedral Home for Girls, Peoria and Washington; Foundlings' Home, 15 South Wood Street; Half Orphan Asylum, 176 Burling Street; Crippled Children's Home, Paulina and Park Avenue ; Central Baptist Orphanage, Maywood, 111.; Children's Memorial Hospital, Fullerton Avenue and Orchard Street. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 105 STATE BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION AND INSTITUTIONS OVER WHICH IT HAS CONTROL. Fred J. Kern, President, Belleville; James Hyland, Sec- retary, Chicago; Frank D. Whipp, Fiscal Supervisor, Springfield ; Frank P. Norbury, Alienist, Jacksonville ; Thomas O'Connor, Peoria. INSTITUTIONS. Elgin State Hospital, R. T. Hinton, M. D., Superintend- ent. Kankakee State Hospital, P. M. Kelly, M. D., Super- intendent. Jacksonville State Hospital, H. B. Carriel, M. D., Super- intendent. Anna State Hospital, R. A. Goodner, M. D., Superin- tendent. Watertov^^n State Hospital, J. A. Campbell, M. D., Super- intendent. Peoria State Hospital, George A. Zeller, M. D., Super- intendent. Chester State Hospital, Geo. K. Farris, M. D., Super- intendent. Chicago State Hospital, George Leininger, M. D., Super- intendent. Alton State Hospital, Frank R. Dinges, Business Man- ager. Lincoln State School and Colony, Thos. H. Leonard, M. D., Superintendent. The Illinois School for the Deaf, C. O. P. Gillett, Super- intendent. The Illinois School for the Blind, R. W. Woolston, Sup erintendent. 106 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK The Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind, Wm. F. Schultz, Superintendent. The Illinois Soldiers and Sailors' Home, Col. John E. Andrew, Superintendent. The Soldiers' Widows' Home of Illinois, Mrs. Flo. Jamison Miller, Superintendent. The Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home, Major Charles E. Bassett, Superintendent. The Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, Major Chas. T. Garrard, Superintendent. The State Training School for Girls, Margaret M. El- liott, Superintendent. The St. Charles School for Boys, Col. C. B. Adams, Superintendent. CERTIFIED ORPHANAGES OF ILLINOIS. (Courtesy of Department of Visitation of Children, Springfield, 111.) Amanda Smith Industrial Home, North Harvey. Presi- dent, J. A. Burhans, 25 North Dearborn Street, Chicago. Anna B. Milliken Home, Decatur. Superintendent, Mrs. Alice Caldwell. Bethany Protective Association, Rock Island. Superin- tendent, G. C. Wenger. Bethel Holiness Orphanage, Carlinville. Superintend- ent, Rev. C. C. Brown. Bethel Home for Convalescent Women and Children, 522 East Thirty-third Place, Chicago. Superintendent, Mrs. W. A. Barron. Board of Trustees, Southern Illinois Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Creal Springs. Superintend- ent, Rev. Daniel W. Hopkins, Rev. E. D. J. Haug. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 107 Bohemian Industrial School for Girls, 5061 Fortieth Avenue, Chicago. Bohemian Training School for Boys, 5061 Fortieth Ave- nue, Chicago. Superintendent, V. Bolek. Katherine Kasper Industrial School for Girls, Chicago. Superintendent, Sister M. Bartime. Central Baptist Orphanage, Maywood. Superintendent, Rev. James P. Thomas. Chicago Foundlings' Home, 15 South Wood Street, Chicago. Superintendent, Mrs. Frances C. Shipman. Chicago Industrial Home for Children, Woodstock. Superintendent, Rev. W. P. Ferries, 1132 Washington Boulevard, Chicago. Chicago Industrial School, Des Plaines. Secretary, Mrs. D. F. Bremner, Jr., 5009 Greenwood Avenue, Chicago. Chicago Inner Mission Society of the Evangelical Luth- eran Church, 1346 La Salle Avenue, Chicago. Superin- tendent, Rev. V. J. Tengwald. Chicago Orphan Asylum, 5120 South Park Avenue, Chi- cago. Superintendent, Mrs. C. H. Stocking. Chicago Refuge for Girls, 5024 Indiana Avenue, Chi- cago. Superintendent, Miss Helen Stevens. Children's Home of Rockford, Rockford. President, Mrs. Sarah Joslin. Cook County Kinderheim, 1305-6 North Rockwell Street, Chicago. Superintendent, Rev. A. F. Schlecte. Danish Lutheran Church Educational Association, 2927 Kedzie Avenue, Chicago. Matron, Mrs. C. Hanson. Deutscher Evangelischer Waisenhaus and Altenheim — Verein von Nord — Illinois, Bensenville, August 3, 1912. Superintendent, Ferdinand Brauer. Edgar County Children's Home, Paris. Superintendent, Mrs. Margaret R. Wickens. 108 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Evangelical Lutheran Kinderfreund Society of Illinois, Peoria. Superintendent, Rev. F. Zagel. Florence Crittenton Peoria Home, Peoria. Superintend- ent, Mrs. Martha Cobb. Francis Juvenile Home Association, 3929 Indiana Ave- nue, Chicago. Superintendent, Dr. Clara P. Seippel, 32 North State Street, Chicago. Girls' Industrial Home of McLean County, Bloomington. Superintendent, Miss Margaret Dickey. Glenwood Manual Training School, Glenwood. Leo A. Phillips, Superintendent. Guardian Angel Home (Third Order of St. Francis), 117 Buel Avenue, Joliet. Superintendent, Sister M. Clem- entine Koch. Home of the Good Shepherd, Peoria. Superintendent, Mother Mary of St. Roberta. Home of the Good Shepherd for Colored Girls, 4900 Prairie Avenue, Chicago. Superintendent, Anna Fitz- patrick. House of the Good Shepherd, Grace and Racine Streets, Chicago. President, Mother Mary of Loretto. Hudelson Baptist Orphanage, Irvington. Rev. Alfred C. Kelley. Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society, 209 South State Street, Republic Building, Chicago. Superintendent, W. S. Reynolds. Illinois Technical School for Colored Girls, 4900 Prairie Avenue, Chicago. Superintendent, Anna Fitzpatrick. Italian Ladies' Charitable Association, 533 Milwaukee Avenue, Chicago. President, Miss Rosamond Libonato. Jewish Home Finding Society of Chicago, 720 West Twelfth Street, Chicago. Superintendent, Mrs. Jennie Mandel. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 109 Ketteler Manual Training School for Boys, Chicago. Superintendent, Sister M. Bertima. Life Boat Rescue Home, Hinsdale. President, Dr. David Paulson. Lincoln Colored Home, Springfield. Superintendent, Miss Eva Monroe. Lisle Industrial School for Girls, Lisle. Superintendent, Rev. Proscop Menzil. Lisle Manual Training School for Boys, Lisle. Super- intendent, Rev. Proscop Menzil. Louise Juvenile Plome for Dependent Children, 6130 South Ada Street, Chicago. Founder and manager, Mrs. Elizabeth McDonald. McDonough County Orphanage, Macomb. Superin- tendent, Miss Rose P. Jolly. Mason Deaconess Home and Baby Fold, Normal. Superintendent, Mrs. T. W. Asher. Mt. Carmel Faith Missionary Training Home and Orphanage of the Brethren in Christ, Morrison. Methodist Deaconess Orphanage, Lake Blufif. Superin- tendent, Miss Lucy D. Judson. Norwegian Lutheran Children's Home Society, Edison Park. President, Lars Harrisville, 1406 Washtenaw Ave- nue, Chicago. Orphanage of the Holy Child, Springfield. House Mother, Sister Geraldine. Orphan Asylum for Southern Illinois at Cairo, Cairo. Secretary, Mrs. J. J. Rendleman. Orphans' Home and Farm School of the Scandinavian Lutheran Augustana Synod, Andover. Superintendent, Sister Elizabeth Anderson. Orphans' Home Association of the South Illinois District 110 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK of the German Evangelical Synod of North America, Hoyle- ton. Superintendent, J. H. Koenig. Park Ridge School for Girls, Park Ridge. Superintend- ent, Mrs. B. T. Gould. Polish Manual Training School for Boys, Niles Post- office, Edison Park. Rev. Father Francis S. Rusch, Super- intendent. St. Hedwig's Industrial School for Girls, Niles Post- office, Edison Park. Rev. Father Francis S. Rusch, Super- intendent. St. John's Catholic Orphanage of the Belleville Diocese, Belleville, 111. Superintendent, Rev. Edward S. Mitsch. St. Mary's Industrial Home of Metamora, Metamora. Superintendent, Sister Teresa. St. Mary's Training School, Feehanville. Superintend- ent, Sister M. Boromeo, Des Plaines. St. Vincent's Industrial School for Girls, Freeport. Superintendent, Rev. P. J. Muldoon. St. Vincent's Infant Asylum, 731 La Salle Avenue, Chi- cago. Secretary, Sister Regina. St. Vincent's Training School for Boys, Freeport. Sup- erintendent, Rev. P. J. Muldoon. Salem Orphanage, Flanagan. President, Rev. Benja- min Rupp. Salvation Army Rescue and Maternity Home, 1332 La Salle Avenue, Chicago. Matron, Major M. Louise Cog- geshall. Springfield Home for the Friendless, Springfield. Sec- retary, Mrs. Mary L. Morrison. Superintendent, Susie D. Trotter. Springfield Redemption Home, Eleventh and Jackson Streets, Springfield. Manager, Mrs. W. H. Hunt. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 111 Vermillion County Children's Home, Danville. Matron, Viola Slusser. White Hall Orphan's Home Society, White Hall. Sup- erintendent, W. J. Roberts. Women's Christian Mission (Home of the Friendless), Peoria. Matron, Mrs. Mary E. Mosher. Woman's Home Missionary Society of the Illinois Con- ference of the Methodist Episcopal Church (Cunningham Children's Home), Urbana. Superintendent, Rev. X. M. Fowler. (8) Part V The Juvenile Court A hoy is raised between his mother's prayers and his father's zvhippings. Thus his life flits, zvith fitful indecision, be- tzveen moral supplication on one hand, and material application on the other. A pair of boxed ears does not alzvays change foolish notions in a girl's head. When the hand of parenthood fails, the hand of the Lazv leads the child to the Juvenile Court, — not for punishment but for effec- tive correction. " ^p ^^ ■ 1 ^^^^^^^H^ 'i^m Hi^^^ ^Vv ^^^^^^V/ 2|| g 9M 1^1 1 9H 1 ^^^^^^^^^ L 1 ^^^^^^^KS!mS?^M^^ ^^^^^^^1 ■ ^^^^^^^^^Hg^^^^^S^^ W 'M s 1 HON. MERRITT W. PINCKNEY, Judge of the Juvenile Court and Vice-President of the Chicago Pubhc Service League. THE JUVENILE COURT Chicago led the nation in the opening of a Juvenile Court in 1899. The first session was held in the old county building in that year, with Hon. Richard S. Tuthill as judge. He was later suc- ceeded by Hon. Julian W. Mack, and temporary quarters were occupied in the Imperial Building on South Clark Street while the new county court house was being constructed. Subsequently, a build- ing for the exclusive use of the Juvenile Court was erected at 771 Ewing Street and dedicated August 7, 1907. Judge Tuthill succeeded Judge Mack. Then came Judge Merritt W. Pinckney, who is now serving his fourth term with that fidelity to chil- dren's interests, and with patience and love of jus- tice to all, that have made him a favorite with social workers and the public. The Chief Probation Officers during the exist- ence of the court since 1899 have been, respectively, Timothy D. Hurley, John J, McManaman, Henry W. Thurston, John D. Witter, Henry J. Lynch and Joel D. Hunter, the incumbent. The Juvenile Court is a branch of the Circuit Court of Cook County (now located at 1007 County Building), devoted exclusively to the hearing of fll7) ^ ■ 118 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK V. cases pertaining to delinquent, dependent, truant and neglected children, and to the enforcement of the Juvenile Court law, which provides for the care, custody, or correction of these classes of children, either by commitment to institutions, or release on probation to probation officers, or such disposition as the court may deem proper for the interests of the child. The_qbject of the court is to segregate juvenile offenders from adults in trial as well as in custody. Preliminary hearings of some cases, how- ever, occur at times at police stations, but these cases are sent to the Juvenile Court for final disposi- tion. After Chicago made a success of the "Children's Court," many other cities followed the example. A Juvenile Detention Home where children are tem- porarily detained, pending trial, is located at 771 Ewing Street. The court moved to its present quar- ters on the tenth floor of the County Building in 1912. The organization of the Juvenile Court consists of the Judge, Assistant to Judge, Clerk, Chief Pro- bation Officer, Assistant Chief Probation Officer, and executive staff, clerical force, seventy proba- tion officers, fifty police probation officers, clerk, bailiff, interpreter, physician. Superintendent of Detention Home and assistants. Judge Merritt W. Pinckney is assisted by Mary Bartelme, who hears girls' cases exclusively. Joel u PQ a ON JUVENILE WELFARE e D. Hunter is Chief Probation Officer, assisted by Joseph L. Moss and an executive staff composed of Mrs. Emma Ouinlan, Mrs. Mary E. Long, Miss Helen Jewell, Catherine Shannon, and Sergeant Martin F. Rogers. Albert Rush is bailiff and Mr. Napierowski is interpreter. Dr. Healy has charge of the psychopathic research. Coun ty prob ation officers are not under civil service, but they are selected by the judges of the Circuit Court, who also assign the judge of the court each year. The probation officers must, how- ever, pass a test of merit — an examination con- ducted under the same methods as civil service ex- aminations. The papers are marked by a committee of prominent men and women who co-operate with the court. The salary of probation officers is $87 per month. THE JUVENILE COURT LAW. The Juvenile Court law, originally enacted in 1899 and amended July 1, 1907, is a voluminous enactment, of which the following is a synopsis: It is an act relating to the children who are, or may become, dependent, neglected or delinquent, and provides for the treatment, control, mainte- nance, adoption and guardianship of such children. It provides for the establishment of the Juvenile Court as a branch of the Circuit Court, as an exclu- sive children's court, with jurisdiction over boys ^£^ 120 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK under seventeen years of age and girls under eight- een years of age. The term dependent and neglected child is de- fined in the law as an}^ boy under seventeen or girl under eighteen years of age who is "destitute, homeless or abandoned or dependent upon the public for support; or has not proper parental care or guardianship; or habitually begs or receives alms ; or is found living in any house of ill fame or with any vicious or disrepu- table person or has a home which by reason of neglect, cruelty or depravity, on the part of its parents, guardian or any other person in whose care it may be, is an unfit place for such a child." Also any child under ten years of age who is "found begging, peddling or selling any articles or singing or playing any musical instrument for gain upon the street or giving any public enter- tainments or accompanies or is used in the aid of any person so doing." A delinquent child is a boy under seventeen or a girl under eighteen who "violates any law of this state; or is incorrigible, or knowingly associates with thieves, vicious or immoral persons; or without just cause and without the consent of its parents, guardian or custodian absents itself from its home or place of abode, or is growing up in idleness or crime; ON JUVENILE WELFARE 121 or knowingly associates with thieves, vicious or immoral persons; frequents any policy shop or place where any gaming device is operated; or frequents any saloon or dram shop where in- toxicating liquors are sold ; or patronizes or visits any public pool room or bucket shop ; or wanders abqut the streets in the night time without being on any lawful business or lawful occupation; or habitually wanders about any railroad yards or tracks or jumps or attempts to jump onto any moving train ; or enters any car or engine with- out lawful authority, or uses vile, obscene, vul- gar, profane or indecent language in any public place or about any school house ; or is guilty of indecent or lascivious conduct." In counties having more than 500,000 population (Cook County) the judges of the Circuit Court are directed to designate one or more of their number to hear all cases coming under Juvenile Court law. For convenience this branch is styled the Juvenile Court and provision is made for a separate court room and separate records. The law specifies in detail documents to be used in bringing persons before the court; also, provi- sions for commitment to an institution, regulations concerning appointment of guardians and placing in foster homes under adoption or otherwise. Pro- vision is also made for supervision by the State 122 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK Board of Administration (formerly the State Com- missioners of Public Charities), over institutions to which children are committed and over children placed in foster homes. Further provision is made for county boards of visitation composed of six reputable inhabitants appointed at his discretion by the County Judge. That which most distinguishes the Juvenile Court Act from previous legislation is the provision for a probation department. In counties of over 500,000 population (Cook County) the probation force consists of as many probation officers as the judges of the Circuit Court shall determine by order entered of record. The head and other probation officers are a part of the classified service of the county, appointed under civil service regulations; their compensation is fixed by the Board of County Commissioners. The Chief Probation Officer has charge of all other probation officers subject to the direction of the court. In counties with less than 500,000 popula- tion these officers are appointed by the County Judge, but here also their compensation is fixed by the Board of County Commissioners, or Supervis- ors, as the case may be. In all counties the Judge or Judges have powder to designate probation officers to serve without pay. The object of the Juvenile Court law is to re- move all children's cases from the jurisdiction of rhrr^ ON JUVENILE WELFARE 123 criminal courts and to provide for their hearing in surroundings which as little as possible will bring children under evil influence or place a stigma upon them during their subsequent careers. In order to make this purpose more effective, provision has been made in Cook County, through co-operation of the City of Chicago, with the county government for a Juvenile Detention Home under ^^. gj jurisdiction of the court, to care for children who cannot remain with parents or friends pending con- sideration of their cases. Prior to this the spirit of the Juvenile Court Law was in a measure neutral- ized by the necessity of holding children at police stations pending their appearance in court. The procedure of bringing juveniles before the court is by petition filed by any reputable citizen or probation officer. FUNDS TO PARENTS OR "MOTHERS' PEN- SION LAW." (Under Direction of Juvenile Court and the County. ) 'Tf the parent or parents of such dependent or neglected child are poor and unable to properly care for the said child, but are otherwise proper guardi- ans and it is for the welfare of such child to remain at home, the court may enter an order finding such facts and fixing the amount of money necessary to 124 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK enable the parent or parents to properly care for such child, and thereupon it shall be the duty of the County Board, through its agent or otherwise, to pay to such parent or parents, at such time as said order may designate the amount so specified for the care of such dependent or neglected child until fur- ther order of the court." JUDGE RICHARD S. TUTIIILL. First Judge of the Juvenile Court in Chicago and One of the Pioneers in Child Welfare Work. Part VI The Court of Domestic Relations Right thinkiny means right living, and RIGHT living zvill never WRONG a child. More thinking before drinking, — among parents, — would cause less misery among children. Less infernalism in. tJie home means less paternalism of State. (9) COURT OF DOMESTIC RELATIONS It is a superficial reform that sends a child to a corrective institution and grants immunity to the home and the parents which often cause the delin- quency of that child. Many parents do their drink- ing in private and their reeling in public. Many carry their habits into the home. While mythology and the realms of art picture that all angels are women, realism decrees that all women are not angels. Men desert their wives, sometimes for cause, and sometimes without cause. Theories may be at variance as to the basic reason why there is so much wife desertion. Poverty and Jntemperance are the greatest causes that create home conditions disastrous to child raising. Just as intemperance causes poverty in some, so does poverty cause intemperance in others. As long as humanity lasts there will be more or less incom- patibility among some men and women who wed, — matrimony will often be a failure and on the other hand some failures will contract matrimony. While some homes are happy, and husbands and wives live in the blessed concord of Love, Contentment and Fidelity, there are other homes where Peace re- (129) 130 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK treats and Love is dead ; where people believe in the theory "United we stand — divided we stand it bet- ter." And there are others where parents live to- gether, stand pat, and "fight it out" day after day in the presence of their small children. Hence the multiplicity of matrimonial misfits and domestic re- lations needed a special branch of the Municipal Court of Chicago to straighten out tangled lives. It was established at Room 906, City Hall, in 191 1 and is known as Branch 8 — the "Court of Domestic Re- lations." Judge Chas. N. Goodnow was the first to preside over its destinies. He was successful as a man of law, a man of justice, and a sociological spe- cialist. In 1912 he was succeeded by Judge Wm. Gemmell and later Judge Joseph Z. Uhlir was as- signed. The court is a unique venture in the annals of jurisprudence. It deals e xclusively with the adults in the family, and the protection particularly of the interests of the home, the wife and the chil- dren. It is a potent factor in social betterment. The Court of Domestic Relations officially stands for the following : First — Uniformity of decisions and treatment of offenders. Second — Removal of women and children from the evil influence of a police court environment. Third — A more intelligent understanding of conditions and environment surrounding each case ON JUVENILE WELFARE 131 and consequently a more just and sympathetic treat* ment of each offender. Fourth — A vigorous reaching out for the causes of delinquency, truancy and dependency in children and by promptly checking the cause, lessens the effect. Fifth — An eft'ort to make the court equally as good an agent to keep husband and wife together and thus give the children the home influence as it has been an agent in separating them. Sixth — To inaugurate a system whereby delin- quent deserters may be promptly compelled to sup- port their wives and children, thus forcing the one upon whom that obligation rests to perform that duty and thus relieve the charitable public of an- other burden. Seventh — To exercise a watchful care over de- serving and unfortunate women and children, by seeing that they are placed under the protection of some person or organization that will extend to them such help, advice and direction that will put them in the way of becoming self sustained. Eighth — To keep a complete system of records regarding each case, so that in time, from the com- posite whole, some useful results may be obtained and some beneficial laws enacted. Ninth — To give prompt trials, especially when juries are demanded, and thus give more speedy jus- tice than heretofore. 132 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK In October, 1912, a rest room and nursery was opened as an annex to the court for the accommo- dation of mothers, with babies, who were previously compelled to sit for some length of time in the court room, waiting for cases in which they were inter- ested to be called. The special committees of social agencies, headed by Mrs. Britton, Miss Low and Mrs. Meder, installed this feature. The Court of Domestic Relations is beyond the experimental. It is, in all probability, a permanent branch of our Municipal Courts — a gratifying trib- ute to the faith and foresight of Chief Justice Harry Olson and the social workers who encouraged its creation, and co-operated in its maintenance in spite of covert attempts to destroy it. Part VII The Humane Activities of the Public Schools Some pessimists sneer at the "old maids" among teachers and social zvork- ers zvho give their lives to the uplift of other people's children. It often re- quires a "SINGLE" success to regulate a "DOUBLE" failure. MR. PETER REINBERG, President of the Chicago Board of Education. THE HUMANE ACTIVITIES OF THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS When the Child Welfare Exposition was held at the Coliseum in Ma}^ 1911, it was apparent to all who attended that the great showing made by the schools constituted the "life" of the exhibit. And back of the schools and the children's work stood a woman superintendent — Ella Flagg Young —who arose from the ranks of the teaching corps to guide the destinies of Chicago's public school sys- tem. With educative and executive ability tem- pered with the natural sympathy of womanhood for the best interests of the children, she has stand- ardized not only the practical school system of mod- ern education, but the ideal school system of spe- cial divisions for the needs of the children who should be normalized or given vocational guidance to fit them for the future and a chance in the world. Our public schools are a public pride. The Chi- cago Board of Education has charge of the pre- cious "people's estate," composed of 290 main school buildings and many branches, including high schools — of which several are devoted to technical train- ing. With an enrollment of 310,000 pupils, and an educational army of over 6,500 teachers, the sys- (.137) 138 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK tern is one of the three largest in the United States. In addition to providing the regular course of study in the various grades, the public school sys- tem has extended the sympathetic hand of the hu- manitarian to aid the defectives and unfortunates. There are special divisions for the blind, the deaf, the dumb, the crippled, the sub-normal and the truant. A Child Study Department is equipped to exam- ine children with visual, auditory, mental and physi- cal defects. A free transportation service is main- tained for crippled children. Free baths are pro- vided at a number of the schools. Penny luncheons with nutritious food are installed at others. Open air schools, vacation schools, social centers, evening schools, ''Little Mother" classes, cooking, sewing, manual training, kindergartens, music, drawing, pre-vocational classes, apprentice schools, technical training, sex hygiene lectures — all these features in social and educational service are a portion of the public school system of Chicago. Agricultural classes and other progressive branches are sched- uled for the expansion of this work for the rising generation. A Parental School — admittedly one of the nation's best c orrective_ institutions for truants — is a portion of this great share of social service endowed with generous grace by the City of Chi- cago. The following is a complete list of the humane ON JUVENILE WELFARE 139 activities of our public schools, maintained by the Board of Education: Crippled Children's Transportation Service; Centers for Sub-Normal ; Special Education for the Blind, the Deaf and the Backward; Child Study Department ; The Parental School ; Truant Officers ; The Special Industrial Centers for Truants ; Penny Luncheons; Social Centers; Sex Hygiene Instruc- tion for Parents ; Little Mother Classes ; Kindergar- tens ; Manual Training and Household Arts ; Even- ing Schools; Age and School Certificate Bureau; Agricultural School (Ordered), Free Bathrooms; Physical Education; Vocational Guidance; Classes for Pupils with Defective Speech; Pre- Vocational Centers; School Census and Statistical Research; Teachers at the Juvenile Detention School and Other Institutions; Co-Operation in Maintenance of John Worthy School ; Vacation Schools ; Open Air Rooms ; Technical Training. The headquarters of the Board of Education occupy the sixth, seventh and eighth floors of the Tribune Building, at the corner of Madison and Dearborn Streets. The membership of the Board is composed of twenty-one trustees — men and women prominent in business and . professional life, who demonstrate their civic patriotism by serving without pay. These trustees are appointed by the Mayor — seven an- 140 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK nually, for terms of three years each. Mr. Peter Reinberg is President. Management of the system is under two divi- sions — the educative and administrative — under the general direction of the board, and the three lead- ing standing committees of the board are: School Management, Buildings and Grounds and Finance. The educative division is headed by Ella Flagg Young, who succeeded Edwin G. Cooley in 1909. The administrative division is under the direc- tion of the secretary of the board, Mr. Lewis E. Larson, whose triumph in a civil service test of mer- it and whose rise from stenographer to a $10,000 per year position in public service is an indication of the opportunities in Chicago for every clean, efficient and ambitious country boy who responds to the ''call of the city" and desires to "make good." As the board publishes a manual of course of study, location of schools, etc., which will be sup- plied on application, this chapter will deal mainly with the social and physical welfare work at the schools. The social centers at the schools are a success. It would be merely a sham reform to save a girl from the cradle to sweet sixteen and then lose inter- est in her — to protect her until she reached that cru- cial period in every girl's life — sixteen to eighteen — and not provide a decent recreational center to safe- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 141 guard her social future against the influences of destructive agencies. It would be equally as superficial in the work of juvenile protection to guide a boy up to the age of sixteen and then abandon him to the evil zone of poolrooms and the traps of the ungodly that are ever set for the youth of the city. It is the plain duty of society to provide con- structive centers to take the place of destructive pit- falls to protect the socializing age. Although experimented with originally in 1907. the social center movement at the schools formally developed in 1910. It was timely. It was a progres- sive stride in the solution of the "sixteen to twenty" question. The public schools have twenty-four of these centers under the efiicient supervision of John D. Shoop, First Assistant Superintendent of Schools. They are no longer in the experimental stage. They have each been a power for good in their respective communities. They have elevated the moral and social standard of juvenile humanity. The official report on So- cial Centers shows "that in December, 1910, the Chicago Board of Education, under the direction of a special committee, consisting of Dean Walter T. Sumner, Mrs. Ella Flagg Young, Super- intendent of Schools, Dr. James B. McFatrich and Mrs. Isabelle O'Keefe, with Dean Sumner as the enthusiastic chairman, opened the public schools for 142 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK use as Social Centers. Mr. J. B. Dibelka succeeded Mrs. O'Keefe on the committee in 1911. Young people from store, office and factory were able to find opportunity for that recreation which the youthful spirit demands and under such moral safe- guards as would protect them against the tempta- tions which frequently are associated with places of public resort. "One basic principle on which the work of the Social Center rests is that of public responsibility for the guardianship of the full range of activities and interests that are peculiar to the life of the young. "There is no epoch in the formative period of youth more.yjUal in its irn^ortance than tlijaJ:_oiIa4p- lescence. If the spirit of the young can be safely directed through this unstable period of life, the moral problem is relieved of its most difficult factor. "The recreational center provided for by the public schools has for its purpose the safeguarding of the moral character and the creating of a health- ful environment in which the social tendencies of youth may be protected against the encroachment of immoral influences which, like the bacteria of phys- ical disease, are ever afloat to vitiate the atmosphere and to poison the fountain from which the spirit of youth seeks its needful refreshing. "But the ultimate sphere of the school in its rela- tion to the civic and social life of the people is that MR. LEWIS E. LARSON, Secretary of the Chicago Board of Education and Chairman of the Legislative Committee of the Chicago Public Service League. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 143 of larger possibilities than those which the terms recreation and mental relaxation suggest. The re- lation of the community group to the larger civic life is vital and constant. The broader view of the advocates of this scheme for school extension de- tects the promise of the encouragement and growth of those constructive agencies which create and re- inforce the motive powers of progress. The expe- riences of the first two years of the Social Center work in our Chicago are only preliminary and pre- paratory to the larger and more perfect service which our educational resources are to render to the masses." The vacation schools, originally financed by the Women's Clubs, are now provided for by the Board of Education. There are eighteen centers operated each summer for a six-week term of half -day ses- sions, with a special course of instruction, nature study and outings. The curriculum includes con- struction activities. Household arts is one of the most popular features, among girls, the scope of work embracing various phases of home making and household economy, and the purpose is the standardization of home life. Manual training was featured at the Perkins Bass school. Three open air schools are maintained each summer at the Lake View, Penn and Libby schools. Crippled children, with free bus service, are provided for at the Fallon and Jesse Spalding schools. The total cost per capita for maintaining the vacation schools is $2.98, CIO) 144 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK PUBLIC SCHOOL SOCIAL CENTERS. Adams — Charles A. Myall ; Monday and Thursday. Armstrong — Azile B. Reynolds; Tuesday and Friday. Avondale — John H. Stehman ; Monday and Thursday. Bismarck — Gertrude Corrigan ; Tuesday and Friday. Clarke — Henry G. Clark. Cornell — Thomas J. Casey; Monday and Thursday. Doolittle— Frederick M. Sisson ; Tuesday and Friday. Everett — Patrick J. Haley ; Monday and Thursday. Fallon — James E. McDade ; Monday and Thursday. Holden — Fulton B. Ormsby ; Tuesday and Friday. Howland — Amelia D. Hookway ; Monday and Wednesday. Jungman — Sarah A. Fleming. Kershaw — William Radebaugh. Kinzie — J. Edward Huber ; Tuesday and Friday. Kosciuszkq — Josephine C. Doniat ; Monday and Thurs- day. Otis — G. Charles Griffiths ; Monday and Thursday. Parkside — Edmund B. Smith ; Tuesday and Friday. Raymond — John L. Lewis ; Tuesday and Friday. Skinner — William Smyser ; Tuesday and Friday. Smyth — William R. Hornbak^r ; Monday and Thurs- day. Sumner — Orris J. Milliken ; Monday and Thursday. J. N. Thorp — Henry D. Hatch ; Tuesday and Friday. Ole A. Thorp — Minnie M. Jamieson ; Monday and Thursday. Waters — Esther R. Morgan ; Monday and Thursday. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 145 J. N. Thorp School, Superior Avenue and Eighty-ninth Street, Henry D. Hatch, Tuesday and Friday. Waters School, Wilson and Campbell Avenues, Esther E. Morgan, Monday and Thursday. VACATION SCHOOLS. The Chicago Vacation Schools are open each summer for a term of six weeks. Schools are in session the first four days of the school week from nine to twelve o'clock, except on excursion days. Classes are in various branches of Manual Training, in Sewing, Cooking, Physical Education, Games, Singing, Story Telling, Art, Housekeeping and Nature. The following shows school, location and principal : Agassiz, Seminary Avenue near George Street, G. Charles Griffiths. Burnside, Ninety-first Place and Langley Avenue, Clyde A. Brown. Burr, Ashland and Wabansia Avenues, Frank A. Larck. Copernicus, Throop and West Sixtieth Streets, Myra C. Billings. Dante, Desplaines Street near Ewing Street, John H. Stube. Gladstone, Robey Street and Washburne Avenue, Adrian M. Doolin. Graham, Union Avenue and Forty-fifth Street, Daniel O'Hearn. Greene, Thirty-sixth and Paulina Streets, Cecilia B. Schimek. Hamline. Bishop and Forty-eighth Streets, Caroline J. Utter. 146 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Holdcn, Loomis Street and Thirty-first Place, Lincoln P. Goodhue. Jackson, Sholto and Better Streets, William Hedges. Jenner, Oak Street and Milton Avenue, Frederick J. Lane. Jungman, Nutt and Eighteenth Streets, Sarah A. Flem- ing. Marquette, Wood and Harrison Streets, Mary E. Tobin. McCormick, Sawyer Avenue and Twenty-seventh Street, William F. Gingrich. Raymond, Wabash Avenue and Thirty-Sixth Place, John L. Lewis. Smyth, West Thirteenth Street near Blue Island Avenue, Wm. R. Hornbaker. Talcott, Ohio and Lincoln Streets, Clarence E. DeButts. Thorp, J. N., Superior Avenue and Eighty-ninth Street. Robert Jeffrey. Von Humboldt, Rockwell and Hirsch Streets, Mary J. W. Boughan. Washington, Grand Avenue and Morgan Street, Humph- rey J. Moynihan. Spalding School for Crippled Children, Park and Ash- land Avenues. Fallon School for Crippled Children, Wallace and Forty- second Streets. Parker Practice School for Deaf Children, Sixty-eighth Street and Stewart Avenue. SPECIAL DIVISIONS. ScH00i,s FOR THE Crippled — Jesse Spalding, Fallon. Schools for the Deaf — Burr, Clarke, Dore, Hammond, Holden, Jirka, Kozminski, Moos, Ninety-third Street, Ogden, Parker Practice, Seward. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 147 Schools for the Blind (Jno. B. Curtis, Supervisor) — Adams, Clarke, Felsentlial, Jahn. Open Air Schools — Graham School, Elizabeth McCor- mick Open Air School No. 1, Mary T. Crane Nursery, Halsted and Ewing ; Elizabeth McCormick Open Air School No. 2, 1122 Gault Court. Low Temperature Rooms — Franklin, Graham, Ham- line, Moseley. Centers for Special Rooms for Truants — Dore, Foster, Holden, Hammond, Jenner, Doolittle, J. N. Thorp, Washington, Parkman. Schools with Penny Luncheons — Adams, Jackson, Foster. School for Habitual Truants and Incorrigibles — The Parental. School for Delinquent Boys — J©h«-Worthy. EVENING SCHOOLS. The free public evening schools are under the direction of the Board of Education of the City of Chicago. The work of these schools falls into three divisions : 1. Teaching English to foreign-speaking people, chiefly adults. 2. Helping to complete the education of boys and girls who have left school before finishing the regular course. 3. Giving technical instruction in special subjects. north side. Burley, Barry Avenue, near Ashland Avenue; Waller, Orchard and Center Street; Franklin, Goethe Street, near Wells Street. northwest side. Burr, Ashland and Wabansia Avenues; Goethe, Rock- well Street, between Fullerton and Milwaukee Avenues ; 148 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Henry, Eberly and West CuUom Avenues ; Tuley, Potomac and North Claremont Avenues ; Washington, Morgan Street and Grand Avenue ; Wells, Ashland and CorneHa Avenues. WEST SIDE. Scammon, Morgan and Monroe Streets; Dante, Des- plaines and Forquer Streets ; Foster, Union and O'Brien Streets; Walsh, Twentieth and Johnson Streets; Garfield, Johnson Street and Fourteenth Place ; Medill, Fourteenth Place, near Throop Street ; Marquette, Wood and Harrison Streets ; Jackson, Sholto and Better Streets ; Burns, Twenty- fifth Street and Central Park Avenue; Froebel, Twenty- first and Robey Streets ; Hammond, Twenty-first Place, near California Avenue ; Jirka, Seventeenth and Laflin Streets ; Nash, Forty-ninth Avenue and Erie Street. SOUTH SIDE. Jones, Harrison Street and Plymouth Place; Harper, Sixty-fifth, Wood and Honore Streets; Wendell Phillips, Thirty-ninth Street and Prairie Avenue ; McAllister, Thirty- sixth and Gage Streets ; Seward, Forty-sixth Street and Hermitage Avenue ; Englewood, Stewart Avenue and Sixty- second Street; Pullman, Morse Avenue and One Hundred and Thirteenth Street; Bowen, Eighty-ninth Street and Manistee Avenue. SPECIAL SCHOOLS FOR TECHNICAL AND BUSINESS TRAINING. Crane Technical High School, Oakley Avenue and Van Buren Street; Lake High School, Forty-seventh Place and Union Avenue; Lane Technical High School, Division and Sedgwick Streets. • SUB-NORMAL CENTERS AND ZONES, AND SCHOOLS TRIBUTARY. Agassiz — Alcott, Hawthorne, Knickerbocker, Morris, Nettelhorst, Prescott. ON JUVENILE WELEARE W) Belding — Henry, Irving Park, Mayfair. Burr — Drummond, Kosciuszko, Langland, Wicker Park. Columbus — La Fayette, Schley. Cooper — Froebel, Komensky. Whittier. Cornell — Park Manor. DooLiTTLE — Douglas. DoRE — Dante, Goodrich, Jackson, Scammon, Skinner. Farragut — Burns, McCormick, Spry. Farren — Burke, Colman, Hancock, Parkman, Willard. Franklin — Jenner, Sexton, Sheldon. Gallistel — Taylor. Gary — Whitney. Hamline — Libby, Sherman. Hammond — Howland, Pickard, Plamondon. Holden — (Stock Yards District). Jahn — Andersen, Burley, Hamilton, Schneider. JiRKA — Clarke, Medill, Throop. Kershaw — Bass, Beale, Lewis-Champlin. King — Calhoun, Crerar, Ericsson, Grant, Irving. LaSalle — Newberry. Linne — Avondale, Cleveland. Logan — Chase, Goethe, Pulaski. McAllister — Armour, McClellan. Marquette — Jefferson, McLaren. Madison — Revere, Parkside. Moseley — Drake, Haines Practice, Haven. Motley — Carpenter, Otis. Schiller — Manierre. Seward — Hedges. Sheridan, M. — Brenan. Smyth — Medill, Rogers. Sumner — Bryan, May. Talcott — Mitchell. Von Humboldt — Bancroft, Moos, Wicker Park. 150 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Walsh — Jungman, Swing. Washburne — Foster, Garfield. Waters. Wells — Peabody. INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS. There are nineteen schools in which pre-vocational work is done. In these schools the pupils of sixth, seventh and eighth grades pursue the ordinary school studies — English, geography, arithmetic, etc. — for one-half of the school day. The boys during the remaining half of the school day are engaged in manual training work of various sorts, and the girls in household work, which includes sewing, cooking and millinery. The purpose of these schools is to familiarize the pupils with the materials and the processes of industrial work. The following is a list of the pre-vocational centers ; Pre- Vocational Centers — Burr, Carter Practice, Copernicus, Foster, Franklin, Gladstone, Haines Practice, Hendricks, Holden, Jackson, Jungman, McCosh, Smith, Von Humboldt, Walsh, Crane, Flower, Lake, Lane. SCHOOLS WITH MANUAL TRAINING CENTERS Adams, Agassiz, Alcott, Altgeld, Andersen, Armour, Arnold, Auburn Park, Audubon, Austin High, Avondale, Bancroft, Barnard, Bass, Beale, Beaubien, Belding, Bis- marck, Blaine, Bowen High, Bradwell, Brentano, Brownell, Bryant, Burley, Burns, Burnside, Burr, Burroughs, Byford, Calhoun, Calumet High, Cameron, Carpenter, Carter Prac- tice, Chalmers, Chase, Chicago Teachers College, Clay, Cleve- land, Coonley, Cooper, Copernicus, Cornell, Crane Tech- nical High, Crerar, Curtis High, Curtis Elementary, Dante, Darwin, Dewey, Doolittle, Dore, Douglas, Drake, Drum- mond, Earle, Englewood High, Ericsson, Fallon, Farragut ON JUVENILE WELFARE 151 High, Farragut Elementary, Farren, Felsenthal, Field, Forestville, Foster, Franklin, Froebel, Fuller, Gallistel, Gar- field, Gary, Gladstone, Goudy, Graham, Greeley, Gresham, Hamilton, Hamline, Hammond, Harper, Harrison Practice, Haven, Hayes, Hayt, Hendricks, Henry, Holden, Holmes, Irving Park, Jackson, Jahn, Jenner, Jirka, Jones, Jungman, Keith, Kershaw, Key, King, Knickerbocker, Kosciuszko, Kozminski, LaFayette, Lake High, Lake View High, Lane Technical High, La Salle, Lawson, Lewis-Champlin, Libby, Lincoln, Linne, Lloyd, Longfellow, Lowell, Madison, Mann, Marquette, Marshall High, May, McClellan, McCormick, McCosh, McKinley High, McPherson, (a) Medill High, (b) Medill, Mitchell, Monroe, Moos, Morris, Moseley, Mulligan, Nash, Nettelhorst, Ninety-Third Street, Nixon, Nobel, Oakland, Ogden, Otis, Parental, Park Manor, Park- er Practice, Parkside, Penn, Phillips High, Pickard, Pul- aski, Pullman, Ravenswood, Revere, Rogers, Ryerson, Scanlan, Schiller, Schley, Schneider, Schurz High, Scott, Seward, Shakespeare, Sheldon, Sherwood, Shields, Smyth, Spencer, Spry, Stewart, Stowe, Sullivan, Sumner, Talcott, Thomas, Thorp, James N., Tilden, Tilton, Trumbull, Van Vlissingen, (a) Von Humboldt, (b) Von Humboldt, Wads- worth, Walsh, Ward, Warren, Washburne, Washington, Waters, Wells, Wentworth, West Pullman, Whitney, Wil- lard. Worthy, Yale, Yates. SCHOOLS WITH HOUSEHOLD ARTS OR COOK- ERY CENTERS. Adams, Alcott, Altgeld, Auburn Park, Audubon, Austin High, Avondale, Belding, Blaine, Bowen High, Bradwell, Brentano, Brown, Bryant, Burr, Byford, Calhoun, Calumet High, Carter Practice, Chicago Teachers College, Clarke, Cleveland, Columbus, Copernicus, Cooper, Cornell, Curtis 152 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK' High, Dante, Darwin, Dewey, Doolittle, Douglas, Engle- wood High, Farragut, Farren, Felsenthal, Fiske, Flower Technical High, Forestville, Foster, Franklin, Fulton, Gal- listel, Garfield, Gary, Goethe, Graham, Gray, Greene, Ham- line, Harper, Harrison Practice, Haven, Hawthorne, Hayt, Henry, Holden, Holmes, Howe, Irving Park, Jackson, Jahn, Jenner, Jirka, Keith, Knockerbocker, Kohn, Kosciuszko, Kozminski, Lake High, Lake View High, Lewis-Champlin, Libby, Lincoln, Marshall, McAllister, McCormick, McCosh, McKinley High, Medill High, Monroe, Moos, Mozart, Newberry, Ninety-Third Street, Nobel, Otis, Parker Prac- tice, Penn, Phillips High, Pickard, Prescott, Pullman, Re- vere, Rogers, Schneider, Schurz High, Sheridan, Mark, Shields, Smyth, Spry, Stewart, Stowe, Sullivan, Talcott, Thorp, J. N., Tilden, Tilton, Trumbull, Von Humboldt, Wadsworth, Washburne, Washington, Waters, Wentworth, Whitney, Wicker Park, Willard. SCHOOLS WHICH HAVE A KINDERGARTEN DE- PARTMENT. Adams, Agassiz, Altgeld, Andersen, Armour, Arnold, Avondale, Bancroft, Barnard, Bass, Bismarck, Brad- well, Brentano, Bryant, Burns, Burnside, Burr, Bur- roughs, Byford, Calhoun, Cameron, Carpenter, Carter Practice, Chalmers, Chase, Clarke, Colman, Coonley, Coop- er, Copernicus, Cornell, Dante, Doolittle, Dore, Douglas. Drummond, Earle, Emerson, Ericsson, Everett, Fallon. Farragut, Farren, Field, Forestville, Foster, Franklin, Froebel, Fulton, Gallistel, Garfield, Gary, Gladstone, Goethe. Goodrich, Graham, Greene, Gresham, Hamilton, Hamline, Hammond, Hancock, Harper, Harrison Practice, Haven, Hawthorne, Hayes, Headley, Hendricks, Holden, Holmes, Howe, Jackson, Jahn, Jefferson, Jenner, Jirka, Jones, Jung- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 153 man, Kershaw, King, Kinzie, Komensky, Kosciuszko, Lang- land, Libby, Linne, Longfellow, Lowell, Madison, Manierre, Mann, Marsh, McAllister, McClellan, Medill, Mitchell, Mon- roe, Montefiore, Moos, Morgan Park, Moseley, Motley, Mulligan, Nash, Newberry, Nobel, Oakland, Otis, Parker Practice, Parkside, Peabody, Penn, Pickard, Prescott, Pullman, Raster, Raymond, Revere, Rogers, Scanlan, Schiller, Schley, Schneider, Seward, Sexton, Sheldon, Sheridan, Mark, Sheridan, Phil, Sherman, Shields, Skinner, Smyth, Stowe, Sullivan, Swing, Talcott, Tennyson, Thomas, Thorp, J. N., Throop, Tilden, Van Vlissingen, Von Hum- boldt, Walsh, Ward, Washburne, Washington, Waters, Wells, Wentworth, West Pullman, Whittier, Wicker Park, Yale. Part VIII Compulsory Education How School Attendance is Pro- moted. t-.' PREVENTION is far better — far cheaper than the cost of the cure. We need more APPROPRIATION zvith leg- islation to enforce laws for the protection of children, more public support and ap- preciation of the zuork of the truant offi- cers, probation officers and factory inspec- tors, who care for the greater number of children. Correcting the child in the first lapse of attendance at school, prevents a truant. One less truant means one less delinquent later, and one less delinquent means one less criminal in the future. Very Respectfully Yours, THE AUTHOR COMPULSORY EDUCATION Chicago is the great "melting pot" of nations. It is a cosmopolitan city in which there are many colonies of men, women and children from foreign shores. The recent school census showed that out of a minor population of 882,516, only 278,461 children of the American born had parents who were also American born. Compulsory education is a^nec^ssity for the wel- fare and the intellectual uplift of children in Chi- cago. The law is enforced promptly when moral suasion fails. The streets are the nurseries of crime. The schools are the safeguard of citizen- ship. With two large educational systems — the public and the private schools — and the vigilance of Board of Education truant officers covering both, attendance conditions are the best within the city's history. The Bureau of Compulsory Education was first organized in 1889. It is the oldest public service child-helping agency in Chicago, and is maintained by the Board oflEducation. The Superintendents of Compulsory Education, in charge of this department at various periods, have been respectively as follows : Abraham Frank- ,11) (159) 160 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK land, Theodore J. Bluthardt (both deceased), and W. L. Bodine, the incumbent who has served since 1899. In a recent article in the Ladies' Home Journal Jane Addams stated that when she first came to Chi- cago to locate a site for Hull House, she was escorted and aided by attendance agents of this de- partment. The^obj^Ci^f the department is to promote ' school attendance ; ro correct truancy ; theck irreg- ular attendance at school ; ^investigate absences whose causes are unknown, ^id to protect the inter- ests of children of compulsory school attendance age. It has four branches — the truant officers' branch ; transportation service for crippled children ; police branch ; school census and statistical research branch. The truant-officers cover attendance conditions at both the public (elementary and high) and paro- chial schools. Each officer has a district with a group of schools therein. Lists of absentees and truants are given to the officer by the principal. The officer calls at the homes of the children named ; investigates the causes of absence and secures the I return of the child to school. Prosecutions follow \ if moral suasion and warnings to parents fail. The I policy of the department is to always act for the j best interests of the child; to secure regular atten- I dance and to locate the actual offender at fault for ON JUVENILE WELFARE 161 c.^y.-:- ■ ■■■■■■''- - absence without cause. I f the parent is repeatedly __^giiiLty he is taken into the Municipal Court and fined under the Compulsory Education Law ($5 to $20 and costs). If the child is at fault, it is taken into the Juvenile Court on the truancy docket and either sent to tli e Parenta l School or released on probation t;ojtheJxiiaiit-©ffi€er. Parents are always given an opportunity to corVect and control their own chil- dren. If they fail, the aid of the law is invoked. The department has conducted over 6,000 prosecu- tions since 1900. Cases for court are referred by principals and truant officers to the Superintendent of Compulsory Education, who has charge of all arrests and prose- cutions. Truant officers file reports each Saturday J wnrV aT~7fnY Ira'nTn] occupation in any theatre, concert hall or place of amusement where intoxicating liquors are sold, or in any mercantile institution, store, office, hotel, laundry, manufacturing establisYimentT~ ^crliiig alley, passenger or freight elevator, factory or workshop, or as messenger or driver therefor, within this State. That no child under fourteen years of age shall be employed at any work performed for wages or other compensation, to whomsoever payable, during any portion of any month when the public school of the town, township, or village or city in which he or she resides are in session, nor be employed at any work before the hour of seven o'clock in the morning or after the hour of six o'clock in the evening. Children over fourteen and under sixteen cannot work before seven A. M. or after seven P. M. No child shall be allowed to work more than eight fiiours~m~any one day. TTprovides that it shall be the duty of every person, firm or cor- poration, agent or manager of any firm or corporation employing minors over fourteen years and under sixteen years of age to keep on file the working certificates certifying the child is of legal work- ing age, etc., and to also keep a register of all minors thus employed, and post a wall list thereof — open at all times to inspection by state factory inspectors. This law also provides that child ren 14 and over shall secure a& e and school certificates, and that tlie applicants must be able to read and write simple sentences. An age and school certificate shall be approved only by the superintendent of schools or by a person authorized by him in 180 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK writing; or where there is no superintendent of school, by a person authorized by the school board : Provided, That the superintendent or principal of a parochial school shall have the right to approve an age and school certificate and shall have the same rights and powers as the superintendent of public schools to administer the oaths herein provided for children attending parochial schools : Provided, further, That no member of a school board of other person authorized as aforesaid, shall have authority to approve such certificates for any child then in or about to enter his own establishment, or the em- ployment of a firm or corporation of which he is a member, officer or employee. The person approving these certificates shall have authority to administer the oath provided herein, but no fee shall be charged therefor. An age and school certificate shall not be provided unless satis- factory"g videiice is^fttrnTStTFd by the last school census, the certificate- of tirth or baptism of such child, the register of birth of such child with a town or citj' clerk, or by the recjordsof the public or parochial schools^ that such child is of the age stated in the certificate. PrS"- vided, That in cases arising wherein the above proof is not obtain- able, the parent or guardian of the child shall make oath before the juvenile or county court as to the age of such child, and the court may issue to such child an age certificate as sworn to. The law prohibits employment of children in hazardous vocations. Penalties for violation of the law vary from $5 to $50. — - STAGE CHILDREN. Inasmuch as the question of the child of the stage has become an issue that has caused much discussion and particularly of local interest since the present child labor law was enacted, it is apropos that the subject be entitled to attention in the com- pilation of this manual. Attempts to have the present child labor law amended to except the appearance of children at public performances at theaters where the highest ON JUVENILE WELFARE 181 standard of plays is maintained (where no intoxi- cating liquors are sold and where the moral environ- ment is said to be assured by strict rules and sur- veillance by the management) have been opposed as impracticable and inexpedient for the welfare of the law and the children. Theatrical managers have been prosecuted and fined. They complain that the present enactment is an injustice to them and to children who desire the vocational training, and experience on the stage to prepare them for their future profession. Those opposed to amendments, fear that it will let down the bars to smaller theaters and places of amusement where the child's morals and health would be imperiled. The same issue exists in other states. The re- sult is that the question of stage children has be- come nation-wide in interest. It is a detail of the child labor problem that threatens for the first time some difference of opin- ion among the members of the National Child Labor Committee. In Illinois, Massachusetts and Louisiana chil- dren under fourteen years of age are prohibited from appearing in any regular theatrical perform- ance. In Illinois a child under sixteen cannot par- ticipate at night in regular performances. Theatrical managers argue that classifying the stage child with the factory child is claimed to be 182 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK unnecessary and unfair. Others contend that the stage child should be protected the same as the fac- tory child. A middle ground with some new fea- tures is embodied in the Colorado child labor law. Children are not forbidden employment in concert or theatrical performances, but permitted to so en- gage on the express condition that "it shall be made to appear that suitable provisions have been made by the employer of such child for the protection of the moral and physical health and the education of such child." Further provisions follow, permitting the school authority granting the permit in the first instance or "any person" in the interest of the child bringing the matter to the Juvenile Court to require a bond for $2,000, with sufficient sureties, conditioned that any terms imposed as a condition to granting such permit shall be carried out. Under this provision a teacher, tutor, nurse or other care-taker may be provided the stage child, with a bond to secure enforcement of the condition. It is at least an important gain for the stage child over the present regulation for the employment of children on the stage. Judge Ben Lindsey of the Denver Juvenile Court has faith in this Colorado law as a conservative solution of the problem. The permit thus granted may be revoked at any time bv the Juvenile Court if its conditions are vio- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 1,S3 lated or if considered not for the best interests of the child. The Colorado act also provides that where conditions are such as to justify granting such permit and where it is granted the perform- ances of such child shall be considered a part of its training and education. This recognizes the work of the willing, talented stage child as different from that mere drudgery of the factory child. Such per- mits are to be kept on file at the box office of the theater and subject to inspection. Where the stage child's health, morals and edu- cation must be safeguarded and provided, it is be- lieved such a law may limit children of the stage to those possessing such talent and disposition as to in all probability make the stage their vocation or pro- fession — thus giving them the benefit of that early training and education that some of our most re- spected actors and actresses have insisted is so ad- vantageous or necessary in the education of actors. One claim is that a child destined to be a great musician learns his art by playing on a real instru- ment, and a child destined to be a great actor learns his art by playing on a real stage. The charge of commercial exploitation of the child by managers is not believed by many earnest people as a sufficient answer to the claim of members of the theatrical profession and others that it is unjust to deny the modern stage child the advantages of this early ex- 184 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK- perience to which it is claimed the perfection of their art is largely due. Experience will no doubt develop the real truth as to these various contentions. It is believed a law along this line with mandatory provisions, if such shall prove necessary, requiring security against violation in other states of conditional permits and the establishment of a co-operation between the Juvenile Courts now in every large city in America in seeing to the rigid observance and enforcement of the conditions on which permits to stage children are granted may prove a satisfactory compromise of about the only question concerning child labor that has threatened any division of opinion among the best known of those in this country who have been foremost in the fight against child labor and the sincerity of whose different views in the matter of the stage child no one can honestly question. PartX Duties Probation Officers, Truant Officers Factory Inspectors School Nurses, Medical Inspectors Census Enumerators, etc. "IVJiere is my zvandcring boy tonight?" is the question of the wondering mother. The wondering mother might find the zvandering boy if she asked the man who runs the poolroom. And probation offi- cers wonder why fathers don't wander more, to find out. u a O a c o m DUTIES JUVENILE COURT PROBATION OFFICERS. The duties of a probation officer of the Juvenile Co urt a re : ""^ "To investigate cases of degend^t, neglected or delinquent child ren, and, if court action is deemed best for the welfare of said child, to file necessary- papers with the clerk of the Juvenile CiDurt. "To be present in court to represent the interests of the child. "To furnish the court with such information and * assistance as the judge may require to enable him to make proper disposition of the case and to take such charge of child before and after trial as may be directed by court. "To advise with probationers and to co-operate with parents and helpful agencies to bring to the probationers assigned to them the best influences. "To make regular reports to the chief probation officer as to children's progress on probation. "To be a friend to both child and its family. "To familiarize herself or himself with the Ju- venile Court Law, Compulsory Education Law, Child Labor Law, and other laws pertaining to chil- (189) 190 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK dren and laws relating to adults contributing to the dependency or delinquency of children." ADULT PROBATION OFFICERS. The duties of probation officers for adults, affili- ated with the county service, are to co-operate with the judge of the court in obviating the necessity of committing adult offenders to prison by reconstruct- ing homes or habits that contributed to the down- fall of the offender ; by keeping in close touch with the wards of the court and giving diligent attention to the moral uplift of unfortunates who most fre- quently are victims of intemperance, poverty or evil associates. FACTORY INSPECTORS. The duties of factory inspectors of the State of Illinois are as follows : To make an investigation of the character of all establishments and places of employment for the purpose of enforcing the child labor law, gather information and report the same to the department. When violations occur, upon the direction of the chief or assistant chief they go to court, sign com- plaints and appear as witnesses. Investigate all establishments to which the Women's Ten-Hour Law applies, question the women as to the hours of employment, require a time book to be kept by the establishment ; examine the time book to see that it ON JUVENILE WELFARE 191 is correct and to report violations, sign complaints and act as witnesses in this instance, as in all in- stances of violation of the various laws of which they are charged with the enforcement. They make examination of all machinery, trans- mission machinery, stairways, elevators, toilets, etc., requiring all dangerous parts of machines and dangerous places in or about a factory, mill or work shop to be guarded according to law, toilets to be kept clean and properly ventilated ; seats for women to be provided. They look after the question of safety of eleva- tors and the controlling apparatus of same, requir- ing gates, etc. In addition to this they make careful inquiry and investigation of the question of violation, sani- tation and hygiene. And when visiting metal pol- ishing or grinding establishments they secure the size of the wheels and number of spindles and re- quire to be installed an exhaust system, including fans and necessary piping to the individual wheels to drive the fan to make sufficient revolutions to cause suction in the pipes equivalent to 9,000 feet a minute or to raise five inches of water in a U- shaped tube. Further they are required to make an investi- gation of places where clothing and wearing ap- parel are manufactured, see that the places are clean and sanitary, secure the names of people in the home (13) 192 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK shop, also of any working in the hving room who are not members of the immediate family. They make an examination of all places where ice cream and butterine are manufactured, look after the drainage, the utensils and general hygiene and cleanliness of the plant, requiring installation of certain devices, disinfectants, proper floors, etc. Also to observe the construction of buildings, bridges and viaducts on which men are engaged and see that they are properly protected by requiring certain standards of safety protection to be used, examine the barricades, hoists, etc., and require all openings in floors where a permanent floor has not been laid, to be temporarily planked over within two tiers of the height of structure. In addition to this they make investigation un- der the Occupational Disease Law, requiring that all places where industrial poisons are handled pre- caution is taken to handle the poisons in such a man- ner as to minimize the danger of contagious disease or an infection on the part of the employes. They are required to work from 9 o'clock in the morning until 5 o'clock in the afternoon, subject to night work whenever the needs of the department make it necessary. DUTIES OF TRUANT OFFICERS. The duties of truant officers are as follows: To work diligently for the promotion of school ON JUVENILE WELFARE 193 attendance, to check truancy and irregular atten- dance among children of school age; to comply with the requirements of Section 3 of the State Compul" sory Education Law, and the rules of the Board of Education pertaining to the work of truant officers; to maintain in official service a spirit of fairness to every child and parent; to possess the courage of fidelity to duty tempered with justice; to do what is best for the child's moral and intellectual welfare regardless of race, color, politics or creed; and to co-operate in the enforcement of school attendance laws. It is the duty of truant officers to be polite, punc- tual and patient; to fulfill their duty without fear or favor; to co-operate with principals, teachers, cen- sus enumerators and social workers interested in child welfare; to obey th e orders of th e superinten- dent of compulsoryeducation and perform such of- ficiaT~duHes"as he may direct; to investigate care- fuiry aTnists of absentees and truants referred to them; to co-operate with parents in behalf of chil- dren's school attendance; to ascertain causes of truancy and make special reports on emergency cases , as well as filing with the superintendent regu- lar weekly reports of work accomplished in their respective districts ; to see that unenrolled children are enrolled at some public or private school; to report cases of destitution or contagious diseases; to serve warning notices and notices to parents in ] 194 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Parental School cases ; to appear in court promptly to testify as to what they knozv about the case; to visit their schools as often as possible; to protect children who attend school and to reduce truancy in their districts to the minimum. SCHOOL NURSES. The duties of school nurses are to visit schools daily unless they have more schools than can be reached daily. They assist the medical health offi- cer in routine inspection for contagious diseases and aid him in culturing the throats of pupils suspected of having diphtheria ; they aid in the work of vac- cination; under the direction of the health officer, they attend to the necessary emergency dressings and treat minor contagious diseases such as pedicu- losis, favus, scabies, ringworm, etc., in those not able to procure medical attendance. If necessary, the nurse goes to the home to treat a child and in- struct the mother by demonstration how to care for her child. It is also the duty of the nurse to secure treat- ment for children whose parents are unable or will not provide medical or surgical care for them, after the health officer has examined them and found physical defects present. When a diagnosis of physical defect is made, and a written request signed by the parent is presented asking for treat- ment, the nurse will secure treatment for such child. ON JUVENILE IV ELF ARE 195 SCHOOL MEDICAL INSPECTORS. The duties of the school medical inspectors who are under the jurisdiction of the health department are to examine those children who may be referred to them by the principal of a school in instances where it is believed the child has an infectious dis- ease or been exposed thereto. School medical in- spectors exclude children from school when they have reason to believe that such action is necessary to protect the health interests of the school and the public. BI-ENNIAL SCHOOL CENSUS ENUMERATORS. The duties of bi-ennial school census enumera- tors are to make a house-to-house canvass in such districts as they may be assigned under the direc- tion of the superintendent of the census, and to file reports with the ward census supervisor. The enu- merator is to ascertain the name, address, age, sex and nationality of minors, and whether or not they are attending school. They also enumerate illiter- ates over twelve and under twenty-one years of age, and defective minors. BI-ENNIAL SCHOOL CENSUS SUPER- VISORS. The duties of a bi-ennial school census super- visor are to have charge of the enumerators, in the 196 BODJNE'S REFERENCE BOOK ward or district assigned; to supervise their work in the field; check the returns and file the same at central headquarters with the Superintendent of the Census and perform such supervisory work as may be directed by the Superintendent. SPECIAL CENSUS ENUMERATOR AND CLERK. The duties of a special census enumerator and clerk are to conduct such special censuses or in- vestigations and statistical research or clerical work as may be directed by the Superintendent of Com- pulsory Education. It includes investigation of necessitous cases of employment under the compul- sory education law for children between 14 and 16; the tracing of children who have secured age and school certificates to ascertain whether or not they are employed, or returned to school; to co-operate with truant officers in the promotion of school at- tendance and the enrollment of children of compul- sory attendance age. They also trace immigrant children after arrival in the city to see that they attend school. Part XI Census of Minors of Chicago Population, Age, Sex and Nationality There is no RACE suicide in Chi- cago. However, — if it is the "LITTLE things in life that count" — some castles would not count for very much. MR. (iK.MIAAl 11. HARRIS, The Friend of the Crippled Children. SCHOOL CENSUS The school census is taken under the direction of the Board of Education every two years. In May, 1912, the census was taken on the ward and precinct plan — a house-to-house canvass by the block system. In each ward a branch census head- quarters was established at a school house, with a Supervisor and Associate Supervisor in charge of a staff of enumerators in each ward. The returns, after being examined by the Supervisors, were sent to Central Headquarters for checking and compila- tion. Division Inspectors and District Supervisors were in the field to expedite the work of the enum- erators. The Superintendent of Compulsory Edu- cation and assistants were in constant touch with the work in every ward by telephone and personal visitation. The "Call Back" system was used in every instance where people were not at home. The general organization meeting was held at Fullerton Hall, where every Supervisor and enumerator was given instructions, both verbally and in printed form. Linguist enumerators were employed wher- ever needed. Every nationality, every color and every race in Chicago was recognized in the organi- zation. The foreign consuls, the non-English as (201) 202 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK well as the English press, the Police Department, the City Administration, truant officers, teachers, principals and parents co-operated to make the cen- sus a thorough and accurate one. The nationality as tabulated is on the basis of information given at the homes, and preference of how parents desired minors classified. The following is a recapitulation of the popula- tion of Chicago under twentv-one years of age (May 2, 1912): Age. Under 4 Between Between Between Between 4 and o . 5 and 6. 6 and 7 . 7 and 14. Between 14 and 16. Over 16 and under 21. Male. 97,076 31,275 30,110 25,749 129,425 41,885 88,334 Female. 90,899 30,765 29,846 26,063 129,025 42,616 89,448 Total. 187,975 62,040 59,956 51,812 258,450 84,501 177,782 Totals 443,854 438,662 882,516 ON JUVENILE WELFARE 203 RECAPITULATION OF TOTAL MINOR POPULA- TION—BY WARDS. School Census, May 2, 1912. Ward Male Female Total 1 4,919 4,643 9,562 2 6,310 6,437 12,747 3 6,990 7,457 14,447 4 12,924 12,674 25,598 5 13,277 13,464 26,741 6 8,354 9,144 17,498 7 9,579 9,945 19,524 8 14,932 14,736 29,668 9 15,664 15,026 30,690 10 14,905 14,672 29.577 11 14,777 15,230 30,007 12 14,776 14,175 28,951 13 9,717 9,886 19,603 14 11,482 11,541 23,023 15 14,598 13,999 28,597 16 17,286 16,813 34.099 17 15,064 14,986 30,050 18 7,827 7,896 15,723 19 14,840 14,540 29,380 20 12,548 12,320 24,868 21 6,462 6,528 12,990 22 12,764 11,920 24,684 23 10,515 10,624 21,139 24 12,758 12,553 25,311 25 11,868 11,903 23,771 26 14,304 13,832 28,136 27 18,335 17,592 35,927 28 15,664 15,370 31,034 29 16,894 16,137 33,031 30 13,025 13,223 26,248 31 11,978 12,214 24,192 32 15,411 15,053 30,464 33 15,716 15,708 31,424 34 13,678 13,330 27,008 35 ■ 13,713 13,091 26,804 Totals 443,854 438,662 882,516 204 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK NATIONALITY OF MINORS (Under 21) IN CHICAGO. School Census, May 2, 1912. 0) _ S £ E J5 c « o c rt ^-tot ;:;oo --coo o~ American 267,270 267,270 Negro 11,191 11,191 Austrian 2,954 19,893 22,847 Belgian 301 788 1,089 Bohemian 3,666 42,745 46,411 Bulgarian 41 382 423 Canadian 725 9,955 10,680 Chinese 11 99 110 Croatian 273 1,490 1,763 Danish 388 5,714 6,102 English 1,282 10,984 12,266 Finnish 78 349 427 French 72 1,156 1,228 German 4,913 135,232 140,145 Greek 295 1,153 1,448 Hollander 901 7,617 8,518 Hungarian 2,335 6,630 8,965 Irish 822 49,700 50,522 Italian 5,447 37,833 43,280 Japanese '4 26 30 Lithuanian 319 8,250 8,569 Mexican 8 33 41 Norwegian 966 14,318 15,284 Polish 6,589 91,388 97,977 Roumanian 673 1,256 1,929 ^Russian 15,378 53,534 68,912 Scotch 574 4,570 5,144 Servian 20 84 104 Spanish 11 148 159 Swedish 1,413 44,673 46.086 Swiss 79 1,470 1,549 Welsh 50 567 617 Other Countries.... 203 1,227 1,430 Totals 278,461 50,791 553,264 882,516 Part XII Miscellaneous Information Legislation for Children Civil Service Examinations, Etc. WHAT THE STATE LAWS OF ILLI- NOIS PROVIDE FOR THE PROTECTION OF CHILDREN They Provide: That children between seven and fourteen years of age must attend school the entire time (forty weeks each year in Chicago) unless ex- cused for cause by the principal. That no child under fourteen can secure age and school certificates and that chiTdren betweeni fourt^err^nd sixteen' cannot work over eight hours | per day, and cannot work at night. J* That children between fourteen and sixteen-i years of age must either attend school or be cm- / ployed in some lawful occupation. ^ That any male over seventeen years of age who takes indecent liberties with a girl under fif- teen years of age is subject to imprisonment in the penitentiary from one to fourteen years. That no girl under sixteen can be married, and that any minor female between sixteen and eighteen years of age or any minor male betw^een eighteen and twenty-one must have parental consent. The (U) (207) 208 BO DIME'S REFERENCE BOOK legal marriage age without parental consent is eighteen for females and twenty-one for males. That the sale of firearms, explosives or weap- ons to minors is prohibited under penalty. That physicians and midwives must report all births to the County Clerk within thirty days from the date of child's birth. That husbands who desert wives and children are subject to arrest, fine and imprisonment for wife abandonment. That minors under eighteen cannot smoke cigarettes in public places or elsewhere. That intoxicating liquors cannot be sold, served or given to minors at dance halls, cafes, or anywhere else. That any person contributing to the delin- quency or dependency of a girl under eighteen or boy under seventeen can be prosecuted. That cruelty to children on the part of any parent, guardian or person is forbidden under pen- alty. That the publication or exhibiting for sale of any periodical, book, picture or print exploiting crime, etc., or any literature or picture of an ob- scene nature is forbidden under penalty. That any person who carries or exhibits to an- other person, obscene pictures or literature is sub- ject to prosecution. WHAT THE CITY ORDINANCES OF CHICAGO PROHIBIT UNDER PENALTY Prohibit the sale of cigarettes within 600 feet of a school house. Provide for censorship of pictures exhibited at 5c theaters, etc. Prohibit the carrying of concealed weapons. Prohibit minors under eighteen years from flipping street cars in motion. License fruit stores and ice cream parlors, sub- ject to revocation for cause. Prohibits males under twenty-one years and females under eighteen years from being in fruit stores and ice cream parlors between lo P. M. and / A. M. Prohibit the sale of explosives to minors under eighteen years. Prohibit the sale of candy containing intoxicat- ing liquor. Prohibit minors under eighteen years from playing pool or billiards, or frequenting pool or billiard rooms. Penalty for both minor and pro- prietor of the place. (209) 210 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Prohibit minors, unaccompanied by parents, from patronising public dance halls where intoxi- cating liquors are sold or given away. Prohibit sale or giving of intoxicating liquor to minors at said places. Prohibit girls under eighteen from selling or distributing newspapers or other articles in any street or public place. Note — The State Laws in full may be found in the Revised Statutes of Illinois, and the City Ordi- nances in the Revised Code. A manual on all these laws in substance may be obtained from the Juven- ile Protective Association, 816 South Halsted St. CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINA- TIONS Examinations for a test of merit among appli- cants for positions in the public service of the city, county, or state, and federal system, are conducted from time to time. There are two kinds of exami- nations — original entrance and promotional. The original entrance examinations are open to the public. The promotional examinations are taken only by those employes in classified service who are in lower grades and seek advancement. Applicants for original entrance examinations must first secure the regular application blank sup- plied by the Civil Service Commission. All ques- tions pertaining to name, address, age, habits, phys- ical condition, etc., of the applicant must be filled out by the applicant, accompanied by physicians' certificate therein, and the applicant's character must be vouched for by three citizens not related to the applicant, and the applicant must also make affidavit before a notary public, attesting the accur- acy of the information on the application blank. After complying with all the requirements of appli- cation, the candidate files the completed blank with the Civil Service Commission, who notifies (211) 212 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK the applicant as to the date and place of the exami- nation. The test for social workers is generally in arithmetic, spelling, penmanship, experience, duties and technical knowledge. Th? one attaining the highe st degr eej)Xcfficiency is placed at the head of the eligible list from which certifications are made to fill vacancies. The average life of an eligible list is two years, or the list may be continued in 'elTeCtrrmtit^rTher notice by the Civil Service Com- mission. In city service examinations, the applicants must be citizens of Chicago unless local residence is waived in the announcement of the examination. Those eligible to take the test must be twenty-one years of age for males and eighteen years for fe- males. The minimum mark for passing an exami- nation is 70. One great cause of many failures in examina- tions is nervousness; lack of confidence; inability to express their knowledge in detail; omission of es- sential features of an answer; lack of knowledge in ordinary arithmetic and technical duties of the posi- tion to which they aspire. In a recent test for positions in the classified service as truant officer it was necessary to hold it in a High School, so great was the number of ap- plicants. The City Civil Service Commission bulle- tins all examinations to be held and the following is a sample of the questions asked in a previous ex- ON JUVENILE WELFARE 213 amination for truant officer — a list of old questions which will in all probability not be used again — but it gives some idea of the scope of the examina- tions in social service: Scope of Examination: Special Subject, Ex- perience, Educational (Arithmetic, Spelling and Penmanship). SUBJECT— SPECIAL SUBJECT. - • 1. What is the intent and theory of compul- sory education? 2. If a truant officer found three truants at large on the street, one of whom came from a public school, one from a parochial school and the other one who had never attended any school, what should the officer do ? 3. What should the officer do on finding that a parent or guardian was to blame for a child's repeated absence from school? 4. What course should be pursued if an! officer placed a boy in school frequently and he per- j sisted in being a truant? 5. Give an idea of the re- lation of a truant officer to (a) Department of Compulsory Education, (b) to the principal of a school, (c) to the family of a truant. 6. What should a truant officer do if he finds a child kept at home through (a) lack of shoes or clothing, (b) because of slight illness, (c) because of contagious disease in child's home? 7. Define the following: (a) Probation officers, (b) factory inspector, (c) X 214 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK a delinquent child, (d) a dependent child, (e) a truant child. 8. If an officer were taking a truant to school in a district where there were many for- eigners and they interfered to rescue the boy from his custody, what action should the officer take? 9. Name the state laws (without going into detail with any of them) that are now in force in Illinois pertaining to the care, protection and correction of children. 10. (a) Name and give the location of at least five corrective and charitable institutions to which the judge of the Juvenile Court commits juveniles, (b) Define the class of juveniles cared for at each institution, (c) Give the minimum and maximum ages that make each class of children eligible for admission to these institutions. SUBJECT— EXPERIENCE. 1. (a) How old are you? (b) Are you em- ployed? If so, where? State the nature of the work you are doing. 2. \Vhat experience, if any, have you had as (a) truant officer, (b) probation officer, (c) teacher, (d) special settlement worker? Explain fully, stating the nature of the work you did in each employment and the length of time so engaged. 3. What experience or training, other than that above mentioned, have you had that would tend to qualify you for the position of truant officer ? ON JUVENILE WELFARE 21, SUB J ECT— EDUCATION AL. ARITHMETIC. 1. Add 5,789, 43,793, 2,764, 8,539, 96,394, and from the sum subtract 78,692. 2. During a given 3^ear there were 3,675 cases of truancy in Chicago. During the succeeding year there was a decrease of 8 per cent in this number. How many cases of truancy were there during the succeeding year? 3. With rent costing $35 per month, coal $6.75 per ton, groceries $28.50 per month and gas $4.75 per month, what would be the total amount expended in a year for the above items if 8 tons of coal were consumed during the year? 4. What is the simple interest on $2,450.25 for 2 years and 6 months at 6 per cent per annum? 5. Multiply 687.6 by 78 1-3 and divide the product by 76.4. SPELLING. Agility Mental Effectual Environment Diversion Practice Feats Recreation Appropriate Vigorous Activity Benefit Disciplinary Suitable Exhibition Usage Adaptation Development Wrestling Promotive Penmanship marked on applicant's experience paper. A FEW FACTS TO KNOW Chicago, with 190 square miles, has 296 pubHc schools (main buildings) and 200 private schools, covered by 52 truant officers. Between 1909 and 1912 the Health Department medical inspectors examined 400,989 school chil- dren and found that 134,098 of them had defective teeth — 37 per cent; 21 per cent had enlarged ton- sils; 16 per cent had impaired vision; 14 per cent had enlarged glands, and 2 per cent had auditory defects. There are eleven public schools with classes for the deaf. The oral method is taught. There are four schools with classes for the blind. There are 42 schools with centers for sub-normal children, and the average number of sub-normal children to a class is twenty. Many people get the duties of probation officers and truant officers confused. The probation offi- cer is a county officer of the Juvenile Court, who attends to the wards of the court (delinquents and dependents) released on probation. The truant officer is employed by the feoard of Education and attends to matters at the schools pertaining to truancy, attendance and discipline. (217) 218 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK A dependent child is one who lacks proper parental care. A delinquent is one who violates a law of the state or who is guilty of immoral, incor- rigible, destructive or dishonest conduct. A truant is one who wilfully absents himself or herself from school without just cause during hours when the schools are in session, or who frequents public places as an idler during school hours without being excused from attendance at school. A defective child is one who has a physical or mental defect. A sub-nonnal child is one whose retardation in ^ study is due to a defective mentality which neces- 7^ sitates instruction in a special division at school. ^-''^ * A ''paroled" child consists of two types, (a) One released on probation in the Juvenile Court and not committed to any institution so long as his or her behavior is good, (b) A child released from an institution and paroled, obviating return to the institution so long as deportment is satisfactory. In returning children to school, truant officers place them in the public or private schools in which they were enrolled or where their attendance was designated by parent or guardian. There are thirty-five wards in the City of Chi- cago, located under the new re-apportionment as follows : SoutJi Side — First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Twenty- ninth, Thirtieth, Thirty-first, Thirty-second. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 219 West Side — Tenth, Eleventh, Twelfth, Thir- teenth, Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Sixteenth, Seven- teenth, Eighteenth, Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twen- ty-seventh. Twenty-eighth, Thirty-third, Thirty- fourth, Thirty-fifth. North Side — Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-third, Twenty- fourth. Twenty-fifth, Twenty-sixth. There are 187,975 babies in Chicago under four years of age. Does that look as though there was any race suicide in our city? There are 177,782 young people in Chicago between sixteen and twenty-one years of age. Illinois ranks third in the nation in enrollment at the public schools. There are 1,002,267 pupils enrolled in the pub- lic schools of Illinois. Of this number 508,965 are boys and 493,722 girls. There are 29,384 teachers in Illinois, of which 23,946 are w^omen and 5,438 men. The man teacher is slowly but surely seeking other fields of employment. There are 17,813,852 pupils enrolled in the public schools of the United States. T he object of the Boy Scout movement is to train juveniles in chivalry, good citizenship, patri- otism, courage and self-reliance. There are 115 reformatories for juveniles in the United States. 220 BODINE'S REFERENCE BOOK Most of the truants in Chicago come from the fourth and third grades, respectively — backward pupils at their books who have physically out- grown their grade, and who are sensitive about remaining in a class with smaller and brighter children. According to the federal census of 1910, the population of Illinois was, at that time, 5,638,591, and the population of Chicago 2,185,283 (within the city limits). The total enrollment of pupils in the public and private schools in Chicago is 415,000, of which over 300,000 are in the public schools. The total average number of persons ar- raigned in the courts of Chicago in one year is 80,000, the majority of whom are men and un- married. Of the total number, 7,800 persons are between sixteen and twenty years of age — an ar- gument for a special court for the juvenile-adult offenders. The Juvenile Detention Home, where children are often taken for temporary detention pending disposition of their cases by the Juvenile Court, provides for an average of 3,800 children annu- ally. An official report of the federal census bureau shows that in 1,337 prisons throughout the United States, sixty-three per cent of the prisoners were single and only twenty-six per cent were married. ON JUVENILE WELFARE 221 The probation officers of the Juvenile Court in Chicago obviate the necessity of committing over 2,000 children to institutions each year by correcting them under the probation system. And these officers each only receive $87 per month salary. Capt. James Gleason is the new General Super- intendent of Police of Chicago. Three thousand illegitimate children were born in Chicago during the last year, and there is no organization for the protection of this class of children. h