UC-NRLF 
 
 41TED 
 
LIBRARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
 
 8.70 
 
 Class 
 
 
METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 WITH PASSAGES FKOM ENGLISH 
 LITERATURE FOR PRACTICE 
 
 BY 
 
 FRANCES E. BEVAN 
 
 Classical Tripos, Cambridge; Joint-Headmistress of the 
 South Liverpool School for Girls 
 
 OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 LONDON 
 BLAGKIE & SON, LIMITED, 50 OLD BAILEY, E.C. 
 
 GLASGOW DUBLIN BOMBAY 
 1909 
 
PREFACE 
 
 This collection of passages from English Litera- 
 ture for Grammatical Analysis is the material of 
 many years' work in teaching English to Upper 
 and Middle Forms in Secondary Schools. The 
 book is not intended for Junior Forms; but as 
 the examples in each exercise are arranged more 
 or less in order of difficulty, the teacher will see 
 that a first year's course in the analysis of com- 
 plex sentences might be made by taking the first 
 twenty to thirty examples in each section, and 
 leaving the more difficult ones for a second and 
 third year. I have purposely departed from the 
 usual order and placed the Noun Clause last, be- 
 cause in my experience this type of clause presents 
 most difficulty to the learner. It is, however, open 
 to anyone who may use this book to reverse my 
 order. 
 
 Part I is not meant to take the place of an 
 English Grammar, but merely for the recapitulation 
 of the main principles of sentence construction and 
 
 197484 
 
vi METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 the method of analysis. Throughout, in dealing 
 with complex sentences, I have laid the chief stress 
 on logical analysis the division of such sentences 
 into their component clauses, with a full description 
 of the relation such clauses bear to one another, 
 arrived at by inductive reasoning. It is for this 
 purpose, rather than for detailed analysis, that the 
 extracts have been chosen; and although they are 
 suitable for both purposes, still, for every one sen- 
 tence analysed in detail, twenty or more should be 
 analysed logically. Such practice affords a valuable 
 training towards the understanding of English 
 literature, and may often be a substitute for para- 
 phrasing. Every teacher knows how difficult it is 
 to make pupils realize the meaning of what they 
 so glibly read words which they 
 
 " trundle smoothly o'er the tongue 
 Like mere abstractions, empty sounds, to which 
 They join no feeling and attach no form !" 
 
 I know no better way to stimulate their intelli- 
 gence than to make them analyse every involved 
 or obscure sentence they meet. Once this habit 
 is formed there will be less slipshod reading and 
 imperfect understanding, and from that time forth 
 English grammar may safely be left to take care 
 of itself. Rapid mental analysis becomes an almost 
 unconscious practice in the face of any difficulty, 
 
PREFACE Vll 
 
 not only in English, but also in foreign languages, 
 and thus more than one end is served. 
 
 The teacher will usually find abundant examples 
 in the reading book or work of literature studied 
 by the class; but as no one book can give every 
 variety both of construction and style, I venture to 
 hope this little book may serve a useful purpose. 
 That it may not be devoid of literary interest, I 
 have chosen, where I could, passages conspicuous 
 for beauty either of thought or diction. Among 
 my own pupils many have found great pleasure in 
 identifying quotations; so, that the search may not 
 last too long, I have added an index of the authors 
 and their works which may be used or not as a 
 kind of "key". A few extracts, however, taken 
 from examination papers, I have so far failed to 
 identify. 
 
 F. E. BEVAN. 
 
 LIVERPOOL, April, 1909. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PART L DEFINITIONS 
 
 Page 
 
 SENTENCE Subject Predicate Finite Verb - - - 11 
 
 Simple Sentence - - - - - - - - 13 
 
 Compound Sentence Co-ordinating Conjunctions - 13 
 
 Complex Sentence Principal Sentence - - - 14 
 
 CLAUSE Co-ordination and Subordination of Clauses - 15 
 
 The Adjective Clause The Relative Pronoun - - 18 
 
 The Adverbial Clause 21 
 
 Contracted or Elliptical Adverbial Clauses - - -25 
 
 The Noun Clause - - - - - - - 25 
 
 Clauses differing in Function but introduced by the 
 
 same Conjunctions - - - - - - - 27 
 
 PHRASES The Nominative Absolute 29 
 
 ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SENTENCES 32 
 
 PART II. EXAMPLES 
 
 I. EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND SENTENCES - 35 
 
 II. CONTAINING- ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES - - 40 
 
 III. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES - - 44 
 
 IV. NOUN CLAUSES - - - 49 
 
 V. MISCELLANEOUS COMPLEX SENTENCES - - - 53 
 
 INDEX TO AUTHORS 83 
 
 ix 
 
OF THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 IFOfiS^ 
 
 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 PART I.-DEFINITIONS 
 
 Words are the currency of intercourse between 
 man and man a medium for exchange of ideas, 
 just as coin is a medium for exchange of property. 
 Words are not the things themselves, but they are 
 symbols for them. Thus 'a shilling ' is not a word, 
 but the inscription on it, " one shilling ", consists 
 of two words, whereby we represent the thing in 
 speech. When we represent fact or thought by 
 means of these symbols, we usually combine them 
 into formal combinations called Sentences. 
 
 SENTENCE 
 
 A sentence (Lat. sententia, ' expressed thought ') 
 is the expression of a thought or the statement of 
 a fact in words, which on analysis can be resolved 
 into two main parts: (a) Subject and (6) Predicate. 
 
 Subject Predicate 
 
 Ex. (i) Fishes | swim. 
 
 (ii) The curfew | tolls the knell of parting day. 
 (iii) You | are very welcome, 
 
 (iv) On either side the river lie | Predicate. 
 Long fields of barley and of rye. | Subject. 
 11 
 
12 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 (a) Subject. The Subject is that word in the 
 sentence which represents the person (or thing) 
 about whom a thought is expressed or a statement 
 made. Ex. In (i) Fishes] in (ii) The curfew ; in 
 (iii) You; in (iv) Long fields of barley and of rye. 
 
 It follows, then, that the Subject must be a noun 
 or pronoun. It may be unqualified, as in (i) and 
 (iii), or more or less qualified, as in (ii) or (iv), by 
 adjectives or adjectival phrases or clauses. 
 
 To find the Subject, first find the verb of the 
 Predicate, and ask the question "who?" or "what?" 
 before it. 
 
 Ex. (v) Full many a gem of purest ray serene 
 
 The dark unfathom'd caves of ocean bear. 
 
 Quest. "What bears?" Ans. "Caves." 
 
 (b) Predicate, The Predicate must contain a 
 Finite Verb. Ex. Sivim (i), tolls (ii), are (iii), lie 
 (iv), bear (v). 
 
 A Finite Verb is one whose action is limited to 
 a particular subject (Lat. finitus, 'limited'). It 
 will therefore vary in number and person according 
 to its subject. A finite verb can be known, if in 
 a simple tense, by its ending, if in a compound 
 tense, by the presence of an auxiliary (e.g. 'be' or 
 4 have ') with a participle. 
 
 Ex. He comes; they come; I am coming; You have 
 been delayed. 
 
DEFINITIONS 13 
 
 1. Simple Sentence 
 
 If a sentence contains but one subject and one 
 finite verb it is called Simple. 
 
 Ex. Any of the foregoing examples. 
 
 N.B. A simple sentence may be quite compli- 
 cated, but it must be tested by the above rule. 
 
 Ex. And down the river's dim expanse, 
 Like some bold seer in a trance, 
 Seeing all his own mischance, 
 With a glassy countenance 
 
 Did she look to Camelot. 
 
 2. Compound Sentence Co-ordinating* 
 Conjunctions 
 
 If a sentence contains more than one subject, or 
 more than one predicate, joined by co-ordinating 
 conjunctions and, but, for, either ... or, neither 
 . . . nor, and sometimes the relative pronouns who 
 and which it is called Compound. In other words, 
 a compound sentence is two or more simple sen- 
 tences joined by such conjunctions. 
 
 Ex. a But he was old, | b and she was young, 
 
 | c And so in evil spite, 
 She baked the black bread for his kin, 
 | d And fed her own with white. 
 
 a But who hath seen her wave her hand, 
 | b Or at the casement seen her stand, 
 | c Or is she known in all the land, 
 
 The Lady of Shalotf? 
 
14 METHOD OF ANALYSIS , 
 
 N.B. Remember that for is a co-ordinating con- 
 junction, although the sentence it introduces may 
 express a reason. 
 
 Ex. a Sir, I desire you do me right and justice, 
 And to bestow your pity on me ; | & for 
 I am a most poor woman, and a stranger, 
 Born out of your dominions. 
 
 a and b are co-ordinate or equal simple sentences, 
 and the whole forms a compound sentence. 
 
 3. Complex Sentence 
 
 If a sentence includes other sentences branching 
 off from it, and depending for their sense-connection 
 either upon a principal sentence or upon each other, 
 the sentence is called Complex. 
 
 Such branch-sentences are called clauses. 
 
 Ex. a You all did see | & that on the Lupercal 
 
 I thrice presented him a kingly crown, | 
 c Which he did thrice refuse. 
 
 Here a, 6, and c are not co-ordinate or equal, like 
 the parts of a compound sentence; for 6 is the object 
 of ' did see ', and c is a second object, because which 
 stands for and it] and a is the one independent 
 sentence in the set, and is therefore the principal 
 sentence. 
 
 Do not make the common mistake of thinking 
 that the principal sentence is the 'most important 
 sentence '. We are not now dealing with the rela- 
 tive importance of the facts stated, but with their 
 grammatical presentation. Thus, in the example 
 
DEFINITIONS 15 
 
 above, b and c contain facts far more important to 
 the story of Julius Caesar than sentence a; but the 
 sentence is so constructed that they are made depen- 
 dent on a, and a is dependent on no other. We 
 might conceive a as dependent on another. Thus 
 we might report these words of Antony's thus: 
 
 " Antony said | they all did see, &c." 
 
 In that case a would lose its presidency, as it were, 
 and itself become the object of ' Antony said', which 
 now would be the principal sentence. Hence the 
 rule : The principal sentence is the one that depends 
 on no other, but has others depending upon it. 
 
 CLAUSE 
 
 We have said that these dependent sentences that 
 branch off from the main one are called Clauses. 
 A clause, therefore, is a sentence enclosed in a 
 larger one of which it forms part. (Lat. clausus, 
 ' enclosed '). 
 
 N.B. A clause must not be confused with a 
 phrase (see p. 29). 
 
 A clause is a complete sentence according to 
 1, p. 13, and must contain a subject and a finite verbo 
 In a complex sentence the dependence of the clauses 
 upon other clauses is called Subordination (Lat. sub, 
 'beneath', and ordinare, 'to rank'). All clauses, 
 therefore, that are not principal are subordinate 
 to the sentence on which they depend. But two 
 or more clauses of the same nature, depending on 
 
16 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 the same sentence and joined by co-ordinating 
 conjunctions (see 2, p. 13), are Co-ordinate with one 
 another, i.e. of equal rank (Lat. GO (cum), 'with^ 
 and ordinare, ' to rank '). At the same time they 
 are subordinate to the sentence on which they both 
 depend. 
 
 Ex. \ If I were Brutus now | a 2 and (if) he were Cassius, 
 I & He should not humour me. 
 
 Here a and a 2 are both conditional clauses sub- 
 ordinate to 6, but they are equal, being joined by 
 and', hence they are co-ordinate with each other. 
 
 And is by far the commonest of the co-ordinat- 
 ing conjunctions. Hence look to see what and 
 joins wherever you see it, for it always joins on 
 a clause exactly like a previous one. Sometimes 
 the 'ands' are omitted: 
 
 Ex. a l know not, gentlemen, | b l what you intend, 
 I & 2 Who else must be let blood, | & 3 who else is rank. 
 
 Here b v b 2 , b 3 are all co-ordinate noun clauses, 
 objects of the verb ' know ', and therefore all sub- 
 ordinate to clause a. 
 
 Sometimes a complex sentence contains two or 
 more co-ordinate principal sentences: 
 
 Ex. \ Here will I stand | b till Caesar pass along, 
 I a 2 And as a suitor will I give him this. 
 
 Here a x and a 2 are co-ordinate principal sentences. 
 
 Subordinate clauses are classified according to 
 the part they play in the sentence on which they 
 depend. Remember, in deciding this, to look at the 
 
 (050) 
 
DEFINITIONS 17 
 
 clauses from the grammatical point of view. Thus 
 in such a sentence as: 
 
 a Brutus hath told you i b Ccesar ivas ambitious, 
 
 if you are asked what part is played in the whole 
 sentence by clause 6, do not answer: "It tells you 
 what Caesar was ". This is quite true ; but it would 
 be equally true if we were looking at the simple 
 sentence, ' Caesar was ambitious '. 
 
 We are not now concerned with the facts, but 
 with the grammatical presentation of those facts. 
 And we must think in terms of grammar, and 
 remember that the units in grammar are the parts 
 of speech nouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs 
 and their several relations to one another, as subject, 
 object, qualifying word, &c. We must remember, 
 too, that in a complex sentence the clause is a unit, 
 and, in relation to the sentence on which it depends, 
 must be taken and treated as if it were one word. 
 
 If, therefore, we look at this sentence again, 
 bearing all this in mind, we shall see that clause b 
 is the object of the verb ' told ' in a, therefore it is 
 subordinate to a; and as objects are usually nouns, 
 we call clause b a noun clause, because it is doing 
 the work of a noun. 
 
 Take another example: 
 
 a Merrily, merrily shall I live now, 
 Under the blossom | b that hangs on the bough. 
 
 Here clause b refers back to ' blossom ; in a, and 
 tells something more about the blossom. Hence 
 we have a clause that describes or qualifies a noun, 
 
 (C50) 2 
 
18 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 and as what qualifies a noun must be an adjective, 
 clause b is doing the work of an adjective, and is 
 therefore an adjectival clause. 
 Again, in the following sentence: 
 
 a There I couch | b when owls do cry, 
 
 clause b tells the time when * I couch * ; therefore it 
 is doing the work of an adverb, and we call it an 
 adverbial clause. 
 
 We will now take these different kinds of clauses 
 in detail; and as adjectival clauses are the easiest, 
 we will begin with them. 
 
 The Adjective Clause 
 
 To understand the adjective clause it is necessary 
 fully to grasp the following rules about the Eela- 
 tive Pronoun: 
 
 1. The Relative Pronouns (who, whom, whose, 
 which, that) relate back to a noun or pronoun in 
 a previous sentence. This noun or pronoun is 
 called the antecedent, i.e. the word going before, 
 (Lat. ante, ' before ', and cedo, 'I go '). 
 
 Ex. The city, | that is set on a hill, | cannot be hid. 
 
 The relative pronoun that relates back to its 
 antecedent, city. Two things follow: 
 
 (i) The relative and its antecedent are never in 
 the same clause. 
 
 (ii) The relative acts as a conjunction, and intro- 
 duces a new clause. Its position in this clause 
 determines its case. 
 
DEFINITIONS 19 
 
 2. The clause introduced by the relative pronoun 
 generally qualifies the antecedent, and is there- 
 fore adjectival: 
 
 Ex. a Uneasy lies the head | b that wears a crown. 
 
 = participial adject, 'crowned' 
 
 3. The relative words, where, whereon, wherein, 
 whereby, when, also introduce adjectival clauses 
 when these words refer to definite antecedents and 
 are equivalent to relative pronouns with preposi- 
 tions : 
 
 Ex. I know a bank | ivhere the wild thyme blows. 
 = on which 
 
 I remember, I remember 
 The house | where I was born. 
 = in which 
 
 It was the time | when lilies blow. 
 = at which 
 
 The play's the thing | 
 
 Wherein I '11 catch the conscience of the king. 
 
 The few cases where the relative clause carries 
 the further idea of purpose, consequence, or reason, 
 are best learnt from Latin. Such usage is rare in 
 English. In the few instances in which it occurs 
 it will be readily recognized. 
 
 Ex. See Ex. 159, p. 75: 
 
 Breathes there the man with soul so dead, 
 Who never to himself hath said, 
 "This is my own, my native land..." 
 
20 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 Here who is consecutive, and the sense is: 
 
 Breathes there the man with soul so dead, 
 That he never to himself hath said, &c. 
 
 The presence of the adverb 'so' in the principal 
 sentence is a guide to the consecutive nature of the 
 clause that follows. 
 
 When the relatives who and which (never that) 
 may be replaced by ' and he ', l and she ', ' and it ', 
 ' and they ', the clauses they introduce are not adjec- 
 tival, but co-ordinate with the sentence to which 
 they are joined: 
 
 Ex. I told my wife, | ivho told my daughter. 
 
 = and she 
 
 The snorting beast began to trot, 
 Which galled him in his seat. 
 = and this 
 
 See also 3, p. 14, ' which he did thrice refuse '. 
 
 It should be carefully noticed that such relative 
 clauses do not define the antecedent at all, but add 
 a further fact which might be expressed in a sepa- 
 rate sentence. 
 
 As after such and same is a relative pronoun: 
 
 Tears such b as angels weep | burst forth. 
 
 We should make the same use of a book | & as the bee 
 does of a flower. 
 
 In both cases clause b is adjectival, qualifying 
 the antecedents such tears and the same use. 
 Either the relative pronoun or the antecedent is 
 
DEFINITIONS 21 
 
 sometimes omitted. They must be supplied before 
 the sentence is analysed, e.g.: 
 
 Who steals my purse steals trash. 
 (i.e. a He steals trash | b who steals my purse.) 
 
 a There are | b who ask not if thine eye be on them. 
 (i.e. There are some.) 
 
 There is a willow | & grows aslant a brook. 
 (i.e. That grows aslant a brook.) 
 
 But after universal negatives is sometimes a rela- 
 tive pronoun = who not, e.g.: 
 
 There's not a man I meet | but doth salute me. 
 
 = who does not salute me 
 
 Cf. the use of quin in Latin: 
 
 Nemo est quin sciat. There is no one but knows. 
 
 For other uses of but as a subordinating con- 
 junction see pp. 22 ( 6, 7), 29. 
 
 The Adverbial Clause 
 
 It should be carefully borne in mind by the 
 learner that the adverbial clause, like the adverb, 
 can only be attached to verbs, adjectives, and ad- 
 verbs. By far the greater number of such clauses 
 modify verbs, and express the following ideas: 
 
 1. Time. (Conjunctions when, while, ere, before, 
 after, till, until, since, as, as soon as.) 
 
 Ex. Rich gifts wax poor | when givers prove unkind. 
 And thought leapt out to wed with thought 
 Ere thought could wed itself with speech. 
 
22 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 You shall not choose but drink | before you go. 
 The swallow stopped | as he hunted the bee. 
 Many a weary night and day 
 'Tis | since thou art fled away. 
 
 I only wish to live | till the snowdrops come again. 
 
 2. Place. (Conj. where, whence, whither.} 
 
 Ex. Smooth runs the water | where the brook is deep. 
 He went | whither we could not follow. 
 The wind bloweth | whence no man seeth. 
 
 3. Manner. (Conj. as.) 
 
 Ex. O wad some Power the giftie gie us 
 To see ourselves | as ithers see us \ 
 
 4. Reason and Cause. (Conj. as, because, since, 
 that, seeing (that), inasmuch as.) 
 
 Ex. As Caesar loved me \ I weep for him. 
 
 I came | because your horse would come. 
 Since there 's no help \ come let us part. 
 
 Deep harm to disobey, 
 Seeing obedience is the bond of rule. 
 Rejoice | that ^ve have conquered. 
 I thank my stars | / am happy. 
 
 5. Purpose. (Conj. that, in order that, lest ( = that 
 not).) 
 
 Ex. Be silent | that you may hear. 
 
 I closed mine eyelids | lest the gems 
 Should blind my purpose. 
 
 6. Result (or an accompanying state). (Conj. that 
 
DEFINITIONS 23 
 
 (generally after so and such), but, but that (= so that 
 not, after negatives).) 
 
 Ex. He gazed so long 
 
 That both, his eyes were dazzled. 
 
 Never morning wore 
 To evening | but some heart did break. 
 
 It cannot be | but some gross error lies 
 In this report. 
 
 Such clauses are often called Consecutive clauses. 
 
 7. Condition. (Conj. if, unless, whether ... or 
 ( = either if ... or if), though (= even if), but 
 that (= if not).) 
 
 Ex. If gay attire delight thine eye, 
 I '11 dight me in array. 
 
 But they '11 not pinch | unless he bids them. 
 Whether you agree or not, \ it must be done. 
 Think naught a trifle, | though it small appear. 
 
 I would confide in you | but that I am sworn to 
 secrecy. 
 
 Sometimes a condition is expressed by reversing 
 the normal position of subject and verb without 
 using a conjunction: 
 
 Ex. He were no lion | were not Romans hinds. 
 
 I could not love thee, dear, so much, 
 Loved I not honour more. 
 
 And | will you, nill you, \ I will marry you. 
 (i.e. Whether you will or will not.) 
 
 8. Concession or Contrast. (Conj. though,although, 
 however, whatever, howbeit, albeit.) 
 
24 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 Ex: Though, this be madness, \ yet there 's method in it. 
 However we brave it out, \ we men are a little breed. 
 
 I do not fear to follow out the truth, 
 
 Albeit along the precipice's edge (i.e. I follow it). 
 
 Save them from this, | whatever comes to me. 
 
 And sometimes by inversion, as in the case of 
 conditions: 
 
 Ex. Come what come may, 
 
 Time and the hour run through the roughest day. 
 (i.e. Though [what may corne] come.) 
 
 Creep time ne j er so slow, 
 
 Yet it shall come for me to do thee good. 
 
 The following clauses modify Adjectives or Ad- 
 verbs: 
 
 1. Degree. (Conj. as following adverb as (or so 
 after a negative) in principal sentence.) 
 
 Ex. She sings as sweetly | as the nightingale (sings) ~ 
 Nor know we anything so fair 
 As is the smile upon thy face. 
 
 2. Comparison. (Conj. than.) 
 
 Ex. She was more fair | than words can say. 
 
 3. Proportion. (No conj., but comparative with 
 adv. ' the ' in both clauses.) 
 
 Ex.- The more I give to thee, 
 The more I have. 
 
 A comparison of this construction with Latin 
 / Quo plura tibi do, eo plura habeo, , 
 
DEFINITIONS 25 
 
 confirms the fact that in English the principal 
 sentence always follows the clause of proportion. 
 
 Contracted OP Elliptical Adverbial Clauses 
 
 Clauses expressing Manner, Degree, and Com- 
 parison are often more or less contracted by the 
 omission of what can easily be supplied from the 
 context: 
 
 Ex. I was born free | as Ccesar (i.e. was born free). 
 I have seen more days | than you (i.e. have seen). 
 The sea was as smooth | as a lake (i.e. is smooth). 
 (Notice the case of ' Caesar \ i you ', and ' lake '.) 
 
 Sometimes, as in the case of the double con- 
 junctions, as if, as when, as though, than if, &c., 
 the whole of the first clause is omitted: 
 
 Ex. Fulfil your works, your daily tasks, | as when there 
 was straw. 
 
 (i.e. As (you fulfilled them) when there was straw). 
 
 He looks | as if he had run a mile, 
 (i.e. He looks as (he would look) if he had run a mile.) 
 
 The missing words must be supplied before analys- 
 ing. 
 
 The Noun Clause 
 
 The Noun Clause can stand in any of the five 
 positions in which nouns are found in a sentence. 
 For example, the noun clause can be 
 
 1. Subject of a verb: 
 
 Ex. (1) What J s one man's poison, Signor, 
 Is another's meat and drink. 
 
26 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 (2) That you have wronged me \ doth appear in this. 
 
 (3) T is an old maxim in the schools, 
 That flattery 's the food of fools. 
 
 2. Object of a transitive verb: 
 
 Ex. (1) Brutus hath told you | Caesar was ambitious. 
 
 (2) I remember, I remember 
 Where I was used to swing. 
 
 (3) What in me is dark 
 Illumine. 
 
 3. In apposition to another noun or to a pronoun : 
 
 Ex. The doctrine, | that the sovereign is not responsible, \ 
 is doubtless as old as any part of our constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 4. Complement to a verb that is an incomplete 
 predicate, like the verbs, to be, become, make, &c. : 
 
 Ex. (1) Our deeds still travel with us from afar, 
 
 And what we have been makes us | what we are. 
 
 (2) J T is something to be willing to commend, 
 And my best praise is | that I am your friend. 
 
 5. Governed by a preposition: 
 
 Ex. (1) Judge me by j what I am, 
 
 (2) And up we came to | where the river sloped, 
 
 (3) There all is hushed and breathless, 
 
 Save | when some image of old error falls. 
 
 The noun clause as subject is very frequent after 
 such expressions as 'it is certain', 'it is evident', 
 'it seems', and passive verbs of saying, hearing, 
 
DEFINITIONS 27 
 
 knowing, feeling, hoping, &c., which in the active 
 voice take a noun clause as object. Such clauses 
 may also be parsed as noun clauses in apposition 
 to the pronoun it, which acts as a substitute for the 
 clause, seeing that it follows its predicate. 
 
 Ex. It cannot be denied | & that the financial results of 
 his policy did honour to his talents. 
 
 It seems | she hangs upon the cheek of night 
 Like a, rich jewel in an Ethiop's ear. 
 
 No rules can be given for the conjunctions that 
 introduce noun clauses. That is very frequent, but 
 all interrogative words, as well as some others, are 
 used. It is most important that the learner should 
 decide, not from the conjunction, but from the work 
 the clause does in the sentence to which it belongs. 
 
 Clauses differing* in Function but introduced 
 by the same Conjunctions 
 
 The following different kinds of clauses, in groups 
 introduced by the same connective words, should 
 be carefully noted: 
 
 "As" 
 
 1. As the tree falls, \ so must it lie. Manner Adv. 
 
 2. As the tree has fallen, \ it shall be cut up. Reason 
 
 3. As the tree fell, \ it gave a great crash. Time 
 
 4. There is no such tree | as this was. Adj. 
 
 5. This tree was as high | as the house (is high). Degree Adv. 
 
 -. 
 
 A 
 i UNIVERSITY ) 
 
28 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 "That" 
 
 1. That I am wretched \ makes thee the \ 
 
 happier. J 
 
 2. I fear | that you are unhappy. Obj. 
 
 3. The fear | that you are unhappy \ dis- \ A 
 
 turbs me. J 
 
 4. I rejoice | that you are ^vell. Cause Adv, 
 
 5. He came | that he might find you. Purpose 
 
 6. The tree was so old | that it fell. .Result 
 
 7. He | that is down \ need fear no fall. Adj. 
 
 "If" 
 
 1. If ivishes were horses \ beggars would ride. Cond. Adv. 
 
 2. I know not | if the game be worth the candle. Obj. Noun 
 
 (so also "whether", "or") 
 
 "Where" 
 
 1. I remember, I remember the house | where \ \ i- 
 
 / was born. j 
 
 2. I remember, I remember | where I used \ 
 
 to siving. ) 
 
 3. Where you were born \ is of no consequence. Subj. 
 
 4. Where duty bids \ he confidently steers. Place Adv. 
 
 "When" 
 
 1. I am never merry | when 1 hear sweet music. Time Adv. 
 
 2. For now I see the true old times are dead, \ ^ i- 
 When every morning brought a noble chance. J 
 
 3. When Parliament ivill be dissolved I i s \ Q "k* N 
 
 uncertain. J 
 
 4. I know not | when we shall meet again. Obj. 
 
DEFINITIONS 29 
 
 "But" and "But that" 
 
 1. There's not a man I meet | but doth\ ^> 
 
 salute me. / 
 
 2. It cannot be | but that I shall be saved. Consec. Adv. 
 
 3. He would have gone | but that you for- } 
 
 bade him. } 
 
 PHRASES 
 
 A very common source of error in the analysis 
 of sentences is to mistake a phrase for a clause. 
 They are quite different in their construction, 
 though they may not differ in function or in mean- 
 ing. A phrase is two or more words which are 
 inseparable as far as the sense goes, but a phrase 
 is not a statement. A participle or a verb in the 
 infinitive may be included in a phrase, but never 
 a finite verb. A phrase, like a clause, may act as 
 a Noun, Adjective, or Adverb. 
 
 Ex. It is a thing to ivalk with hand-in-hand through the 
 everyday/ness of this workday world. 
 
 This phrase is doing the work of an adjective, 
 qualifying the noun ' thing '. 
 
 How oft the sight of means to do ill deeds makes ill 
 deeds done ! 
 
 Here the phrase is the subject of the sentence, and 
 is therefore a noun phrase. 
 
 1 A bow-shot from her bower-eaves 
 He rode 2 between the barley -sheaves. 
 
 There are here two phrases, (1) telling the distance 
 
30 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 and (2) the place that he ' rode ' ; they are therefore 
 adverbial phrases. 
 
 To-morrow your Dictator 
 
 Shall bring l in triumph home, 
 
 The spoils 2 of thirty cities, 
 3 To deck the shrines of Rome. 
 
 There are three phrases here; the first is adverbial 
 of manner, the second adjectival, qualifying 'spoils', 
 the third adverbial, telling purpose. 
 
 If a participle or an infinitive forms part of a 
 phrase it may take tho construction of the verb it 
 comes from, thus: 
 
 The stars with deep amaze 
 
 Stand fixed in steadfast gaze, 
 
 Bending one way their precious influence, 
 
 Here the phrase which is adverbial, expressing how 
 the stars gaze, contains the participle ' bending ', 
 which has its own object influence, qualified by 
 adjectives, and also an adverbial phrase, one way, 
 telling place. 
 
 Sometimes a participial phrase has its own special 
 subject, and is quite independent of the rest of the 
 sentence. This construction is called the Nomina- 
 tive Absolute. 
 
 If you do sweat to put a tyrant down, 
 You sleep in peace, the tyrant being slain. 
 Thinkst thou this heart could feel a moment's joy, 
 Thou being absent** 
 
 Six frozen winters spent, 
 Return with welcome home from banishment 
 
DEFINITIONS 31 
 
 Such phrases usually express some adverbial rela- 
 tion to the verb of their sentence, as time or circum- 
 stances. 
 
 The important thing to remember in analysis is 
 that such phrases present one idea. We must take 
 the words of phrases en bloc, and consider only how 
 the whole phrase is related to the main parts of the 
 sentence. It is a very common mistake to think 
 of the individual words that make up a phrase 
 instead of the combined effect of them all. This 
 is the method of parsing, but not of analysis. Thus 
 in the first example above, if we were parsing, we 
 should divide the long phrase into four, thus: 
 
 (a) to walk with ... Adj. phrase describing 'thing'. 
 
 (b) hand in hand ... Adv. phrase modifying 'walk 
 
 with': expressing manner. 
 
 (c) through the every- Adv. phrase modifying ' walk 
 
 dayness with': expressing place, 
 
 (c?) of this workday Adj. phrase qualifying 'e very- 
 world dayness '. 
 
 But in analysis all four form one phrase, acting as 
 enlargement of the noun thing. 
 
32 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 ANALYSIS OF COMPLEX SENTENCES 
 
 The unit in the analysis of complex sentences 
 is the sentence or clause. Before analysing an 
 involved complex sentence, count the finite verbs 
 and those only. (All infinitives, with or without 
 *'to' before them, and all participles must be left 
 severely alone.) As many finite verbs as you find, 
 so many clauses you will have. Then divide off the 
 clauses at the conjunctions, remembering that the 
 conjunction is the first word in its clause, and that 
 relative pronouns are also conjunctions. No word 
 except a governing preposition may stand before 
 a relative pronoun in its own clause. If two con- 
 junctions come together, they cannot belong to the 
 same sentence unless they form a compound con- 
 junction, such as but that = if not or that not. 
 Generally, when we find two conjunctions together, 
 we have either one clause wrapped inside another, 
 or an ellipse of one clause, as with the double con- 
 junctions ' as if ', ' as when ', &c. (see p. 25). When, 
 therefore, the conjunctions have been carefully 
 assigned to their respective clauses, mark off the 
 clauses, and letter or number them for clearness 
 and future reference, thus: 
 
 1. | a Soft pity never leaves the gentle breast 
 
 [ & Where love has been received a welcome guest; 
 | c As wandering saints poor huts have sacred made, 
 | d He hallows every heart [ e ^he once has swayed, 
 \f And, \ g when his presence we no longer share, 
 leaves compassion as a relic there. 
 
DEFINITIONS 
 
 33 
 
 Next write out and describe each of the clauses 
 as below: 
 
 SENTENCE. 
 
 KIND. 
 
 COMPLEX SENTENCE. 
 
 a Soft pity never leaves the 
 gentle breast, 
 
 1st principal sentence. 
 
 & Where love has been re- 
 ceived a welcome guest; 
 
 Subordinate to a. Qual. 
 'breast'. .'. Adjectival 
 clause. 
 
 As wandering saints poor 
 huts have sacred made, 
 
 Subord. to d. Qual. 'hal- 
 lows'. Tells manner. .'.Ad- 
 verbial clause. 
 
 d He hallows every heart 
 
 2nd principal sentence. 
 
 6 (Which) he once has swayed, 
 
 Subord. to d. Qual. ' heart '. 
 /. Adjectival clause. 
 
 f And (he) still leaves com- 
 passion as a relic there. 
 
 Co-ordinate with d. .'. 3rd 
 principal sentence. 
 
 # When his presence we no 
 longer share. 
 
 i Subord. to /. Qual. ' leaves '. 
 Tells time. /. Adverbial 
 clause. 
 
 2. | ai It is most meet | b we arm us 'gainst the foe ; 
 | aa For peace itself should not so dull a kingdom, 
 
 [ ^ Though war^ | c ' 2 nor no known quarrel were in 
 question, 
 
 | dl But that defences, | ^ musters, [ da preparations, 
 
 Should be maintained, ( assembled, | and collected, 
 | e As^ \ f were a war in expectation. 
 
 (050) 
 
34 
 
 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 SENTENCE. 
 
 KIND. 
 
 COMPLEX SENTENCE. 
 
 a i It is most meet 
 
 Principal sentence. 
 
 b We arm us 'gainst the foe; 
 
 Subord. to a. Subject of 'is 
 meet '. /. Noun clause. 
 
 a a For peace itself should not 
 so dull a kingdom, 
 
 Co-ordinate with a lf /. 2nd 
 principal sentence. 
 
 c i Though (neither) war (were 
 in question), 
 
 3 Nor(though)noknownquar- 
 rel (were in question), 
 
 1 Co-ordinate clauses. Subord. 
 to 02. Qual. 'should not so 
 j dull a kingdom'. Tell con- 
 J dition. /. Adverbial clauses. 
 
 d *But that defences should 
 be maintained, 
 
 ^2 But that musters should be 
 assembled, 
 
 ^3 But that preparations 
 should be collected, 
 
 Co-ordinate with each other. 
 Subord. to a z . Qual. 'should 
 not so dull a kingdom'. 
 Tell result. .'. Adverbial 
 clauses. 
 
 e As (they would be, &c.), 
 
 Subord. to d^ d^ d s . Qual. 
 the verbs in these clauses. 
 Tells manner. .*. Adverbial 
 clause. 
 
 ^ / Were a war in expectation. 
 
 Subord. to e. Qual. 'they 
 would be maintained', &c. 
 Tells condition. /. Ad- 
 verbial clause. 
 
PART II-EXAMPLES 
 
 I. EXAMPLES OF SIMPLE AND COMPOUND 
 SENTENCES 
 
 1. A jewel in a ten-times-barr'd-up chest 
 Is a bold spirit in a loyal breast. 
 
 2. You thus employed, I will go root away 
 The noisome weeds. 
 
 3. No sweeter voice was ever heard 
 
 In spring-time from the cuckoo-bird, 
 Breaking the silence of the seas 
 Among the farthest Hebrides. 
 
 4. There, in thy scanty mantle clad, 
 Thy snawy bosom sunward spread, 
 Thou lifts thy unassuming head 
 
 In humble guise. 
 
 5. The sun descending in the west, 
 
 The evening star doth shine ; 
 The birds are silent in their nest, 
 And I must seek for mine. 
 
 6. Then came the jolly Summer, being dight 
 In a thin silken cassock coloured greene. 
 
 7. Then came faire May, the fayrest mayd on ground, 
 Deckt all with dainties of her season's pryde, 
 And throwing flowres out of her lap around. 
 
36 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 8. But oh ! what solemn scenes on Snowdon's height 
 Descending slow their glittering skirts unroll ! 
 
 9. Thee, Shepherd, thee the woods, and desert caves 
 With wild thyme and the gadding vine o'ergrown, 
 And all their echoes mourn. 
 
 10. Thus done the tales, to bed they creep 
 By whispering winds soon lull'd asleep. 
 
 11. Not seldom clad in radiant vest 
 
 Deceitfully goes forth the morn ; 
 Not seldom evening in the west 
 Sinks smilingly forsworn 
 
 12. Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day 
 Stands tip-toe on the misty mountain- tops. 
 
 13. The grey-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night, 
 Chequering the eastern clouds with streaks of light ; 
 And flecked darkness like a drunkard reels 
 
 From forth day's path and Titan's fiery wheels, : 
 
 14. How fleet is a glance of the mind ! 
 
 Compared with the speed of its flight, 
 The tempest itself lags behind, 
 And the swift-winged arrows of light. 
 
 15. But still he seemed to carry weight, 
 
 With leathern girdle braced ; 
 For all might see the bottle-necks 
 Still dangling at his waist. 
 
 16. Under tower and balcony, 
 By garden-wall and gallery, 
 
 A gleaming shape she floated by, 
 Dead-pale between the houses high, 
 Silent into Camelot. 
 
EXAMPLES 37 
 
 17. Yet ev'n these bones from insult to protect 
 
 Some frail memorial still erected nigh, 
 With uncouth rhymes and shapeless sculpture deck'd, 
 Implores the passing tribute of a sigh. 
 
 18. Year after year unto her feet, 
 
 She lying on her couch alone, 
 Across the purple coverlet, 
 
 The maiden's jet-black hair has grown, 
 On either side her tranced form 
 
 Forth streaming from a braid of pearl. 
 
 19. Then rode Geraint into the castle court, 
 His charger trampling many a prickly star 
 Of sprouted thistle on the broken stones. 
 
 20. The pleasant'st angling is to see the fish 
 Cut with her golden oars the silver stream 
 And greedily devour the treacherous bait. 
 
 21. That very time I saw, but thou couldst not, 
 Flying between the cold moon and the earth 
 Cupid all armed. 
 
 22. There sleeps Titania sometime of the night, 
 Lull'd in these flowers with dancing and delight ; 
 And there the snake throws his enamell'd skin 
 Weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in. 
 
 23. Within the infant rind of this small flower 
 Poison hath residence and medicine power ; 
 
 For this being smelt, with that part cheers each part, 
 Being tasted, slays all senses with the heart. 
 
 24. His mother was a votaress of my order, 
 And in the spiced Indian air by night, 
 Full often hath she gossiped by my side, 
 And sat with me on Neptune's yellow sands. 
 
38 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 25. From behind the roof 
 Rose the slim ash and massy sycamore, 
 Blending their diverse foliage with the green 
 Of ivy flourishing and thick. 
 
 26. One spirit animating old and young, 
 A gipsy fire we kindled on the shore 
 
 Of the fair isle with birch trees fringed, and there 
 
 Merrily seated in a ring partook 
 
 The beverage drawn from China's fragrant herb. 
 
 27. Abruptly paused the strife ; the field throughout 
 Resting upon his arms each warrior stood, 
 Checked in the very act and deed of blood, 
 With breath suspended, like a listening scout. 
 
 28. And more to lulle him in his slumber soft, 
 
 A trickling streame from high rock tumbling downe 
 And ever-drizling raine upon the loft, 
 Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne 
 Of swarming bees, did cast him in a swowne. 
 
 29. The fire and cracks 
 
 Of sulphurous roaring the most mighty Neptune 
 Seem to besiege, and make his bold waves tremble, 
 Yea, his dread trident shake. 
 
 30. Sitting on a bank, 
 Weeping again the king my father's wreck, 
 This music crept by me upon the waters, 
 Allaying both their fury and my passion 
 With its sweet air. 
 
 31. With slow steps from out 
 An old storm-beaten, russet, many-stained 
 Pavilion, forth a grizzled damsel came, 
 
 And arm'd him in old arms, and brought a helm 
 With but a drying evergreen for crest. 
 
EXAMPLES 39 
 
 32. There on a day, he sitting high in hall, 
 Before him came a forester of Dean 
 
 Wet from the woods, with notice of a hart 
 First seen that day. 
 
 33. He spake ; and to confirm his words outflew 
 Millions of flaming swords drawn from the thighs 
 Of mighty cherubim ; the sudden blaze 
 
 Far round illumined hell : highly they raged 
 Against the Highest, and fierce with grasped arms 
 Clash'd on their sounding shields the din of war, 
 Hurling defiance towards the vault of heav'n. 
 
 34. Bound them and above 
 Glitter with dark recesses interposed 
 Casement and cottage-roof and stems of trees 
 Half -veiled in vapoury cloud, the silver steam 
 Of dews fast melting on their leafy boughs 
 By the strong sunbeams smitten. 
 
 35. But from my boyhood up I loved to hear 
 The tall pine-forests of the Apennine 
 Murmur their hoary legends of the sea, 
 Which hearing, I in vision clear beheld 
 The sudden dark of tropic night shut down 
 O'er the huge whisper of great watery wastes. 
 
 36. Thy mighty clamours, wars and world-noised deeds 
 
 Are silent now in dust, 
 Gone like a tremble of the huddling reeds 
 
 Beneath some sudden gust ; 
 Thy forms and creeds have vanished, 
 Tossed out to wither like unsightly weeds 
 
 From the world's garden banished. 
 
 37. All round, upon the river's slippery edge, 
 Witching to deeper calm the drowsy tide, 
 
40 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 Whispers and leans the breeze-entangling sedge ; 
 Through emerald glooms the lingering waters slide 
 Or, sometimes wavering, throw back the sun, 
 And the stiff banks in eddies melt and run 
 Of dimpling light, and with the current seem to glide. 
 
 38. And after lonely sojourning 
 
 In such a quiet and surrounded nook, 
 This burst of prospect, here the shadowy main, 
 Dim-tinted, there the mighty majesty 
 Of that huge amphitheatre of rich 
 And elmy fields, seems like society 
 Conversing with the mind, and giving it 
 A livelier impulse and a dance of thought ! 
 
 II. EXAMPLES CONTAINING ADJECTIVAL 
 CLAUSES 
 
 1. True love's the gift which God has given 
 To man alone beneath the heaven. 
 
 2. He who shall hurt the little wren 
 Shall never be beloved by men. 
 
 3. The water-nymphs that in the bottom played, 
 Held up their pearled wrists and took her in. 
 
 4. Even there the only weapon 
 
 That could wound him, that could slay him, 
 Was the seed-cone of the pine-tree. 
 
 5. He loved the bird that loved the man 
 Who shot him with his bow. 
 
 6. Rich and rare were the gems she wore. 
 
 7. I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. 
 S. Who pants for glory finds but short repose. 
 
EXAMPLES 41 
 
 9. Lilies that fester smell far worse than weeds. 
 
 10. The greatest gift the hero leaves his race 
 Is to have been a hero. 
 
 11. The purest treasure mortal times afford 
 Is spotless reputation. 
 
 12. That which in mean men we entitle patience 
 Is pale cold cowardice in noble breasts. 
 
 13. But peaceful was the night 
 Wherein the Prince of Light 
 
 His reign of peace upon the earth began. 
 
 14 It is the hour when from the boughs 
 The nightingale's high note is heard. 
 
 15. But Life was like a faire young lusty boy, 
 Such as they faine Dan Cupid to have beene, 
 Full of delightful health and lively joy. 
 
 16. None but such as are good men can give good things. 
 
 17. We are such stuff as dreams are made on 
 And our little life is rounded with a sleep. 
 
 18. By the rushy-fringed bank, 
 
 Where grows the willow and the osier dank, 
 My sliding chariot stays. 
 
 19. The Phantom Knight, his glory fled, 
 Mourns o'er the field he heaped with dead. 
 
 20. Seemed all on fire that chapel proud, 
 Where Roslin's chiefs uncoffin'd lie; 
 Each baron, for a sable shroud, 
 Sheathed in his iron panoply. 
 
 21. Nor hill nor brook we paced along, 
 But had its legend or its song. 
 
42 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 22. l God's finger marks distinctions all so fine 
 We would confound. 
 
 23. 1 There is no vice so simple but assumes 
 Some mark of virtue on its outward parts. 
 
 24. The very spot 
 Where many a time he triumphed is forgot. 
 
 25. And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills 
 Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree. 
 
 26. That moment that his face I see 
 
 I know the man that must hear me. 
 
 27. Make a bed for me to lie in, 
 Where the rain may fall upon me, 
 Where the sun may come and warm me. 
 
 28. There 's not the smallest orb that thou beholdest, 
 But in his motion like an angel sings. 
 
 29. There 7 s not a budding boy or girl this day 
 
 But is got up and gone to bring in May. 
 
 30. When went there by an age since the great flood, 
 But it was famed with more than with one man'? 
 
 31. There was a day when England had wide room 
 For honest men as well as foolish kings. 
 
 32. And Raveloe was a village where many of the old 
 
 echoes lingered, undrowned by new voices. 
 
 33. How sweet are looks that ladies bend 
 On whom their favours fall ! 
 
 34. For nought so vile that on the earth doth live 
 
 1 But to the earth some special good doth give. 
 
 1 See 3, pp. 19 and 20 (Consecutive Relative). 
 
EXAMPLES 43 
 
 35. That is the best blood that hath most iron in 't 
 To edge resolve with. 
 
 36. 'T is not the grapes of Canaan that repay, 
 But the high faith that failed not by the way. 
 
 37. 'T is not the many oaths that make the truth, 
 But the plain single vow that is vowed true. 
 
 38. We have no altars for such healing gifts 
 
 As soothe the heavens for outrage done on earth. 
 
 39. And bid her steal into the pleached bower, 
 Where honeysuckles ripen'd by the sun 
 Forbid the sun to enter. 
 
 40. No stir of air was there, 
 Not so much life as on a summer's day 
 
 Kobs not one light seed from the feather'd grass. 
 
 41. We went up the beach by the sandy down 
 
 Where the sea-stocks bloom, to the white-walled town, 
 Through the narrow paved streets where all was still, 
 To the little grey church on the windy hill. 
 
 42. He that has light within his own clear breast, 
 May sit i' the centre and enjoy bright day, 
 
 But he that hides a dark soul and foul thoughts 
 Benighted walks under the mid-day sun ; 
 Himself is his own dungeon. 
 
 43. Yet some there be that by due steps aspire 
 To lay their just hand on that golden key 
 That opes the palace of eternity. 
 
 44. The clouds that gather round the setting sun 
 Do take a sober colouring from an eye 
 That hath kept watch o'er man's mortality. 
 
44 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 45. There 's none cares like a fellow of the craft 
 For the all-unestimated sum of pains 
 That go to a success the world can see. 
 
 46. Thou art not for the fashion of these times, 
 Where none will sweat but for promotion. 
 
 47. The man that hath no music in himself, 
 
 Nor is not moved by concord of sweet sounds, 
 Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils. 
 
 48. The blackbird has fled to another retreat, 
 
 Where the hazels afford him a screen from the heat, 
 And the scene where his melody charmed me before, 
 Kesounds with his sweet-flowing ditty no more. 
 
 49. On a rock whose haughty brow 
 Frowns o'er cold Con way's foaming flood, 
 Robed in the sable garb of woe, 
 
 With haggard eyes the poet stood. 
 
 50. Such as I am all true lovers are, 
 Unstaid and skittish in all motions else, 
 Save in the constant image of the creature 
 That is beloved. 
 
 III. SENTENCES CONTAINING ADVERBIAL 
 CLAUSES 
 
 1. Small service is true service while it lasts. 
 
 2. For peace is nigh 
 
 Where wisdom's voice has found a listening heart 
 
 3. When I have plucked the rose, 
 
 I cannot give it vital growth again. 
 
 4. And where'er my footsteps wander 
 All the meadows wave with blossoms. 
 
EXAMPLES 45 
 
 5. As many arrows loosed several ways come to one 
 
 mark, 
 
 So may a thousand actions once afoot end in one 
 purpose. 
 
 6. But I will rise there with so full a glory, 
 That I will dazzle all the eyes of France. 
 
 7. Though it appear a little out of fashion, 
 
 There is much care and valour in this Welshman. 
 
 8. Though patience be a tired mare, yet she will plod. 
 
 9. Superfluous branches 
 
 We lop away, that bearing boughs may live. 
 
 10. It fits us then to be as provident 
 As fear may teach us. 
 
 11. More things are wrought by prayer 
 Than this world dreams of. 
 
 12. Fain would I climb but that I fear to fall. 
 
 13. And now I have the boy, I will undo 
 This hateful imperfection of her eyes. 
 
 14. Be as thou wast wont to be, 
 See as thou wast wont to see. 
 
 15. One here will constant be, 
 Come wind, come weather. 
 
 16. Mend your speech a little, 
 Lest it may mar your fortunes. 
 
 17. Be silent that you may hear; awake your sense that 
 
 you may the better judge. 
 
 18. As Caesar loved me I weep for him; as he was 
 
 fortunate I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I 
 honour him ; but as he was ambitious I slew him. 
 
46 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 19. Who is here so base that would be a bondman'? 
 Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman 1 ? 
 Who is here so vile that will not love his country 1 
 
 20. I have done no more to Csesar than you shall do to 
 
 Brutus. 
 
 21. When beggars die there are no comets seen. 
 
 22. Life is as tedious as a twice-told tale 
 Vexing the dull ear of a drowsy man. 
 
 23. If thou be as poor for a subject as he is for a king, 
 
 thou art poor enough. 
 
 24. Have more than thou showest, 
 Speak less than thou knowest, 
 Lend less than thou owest. 
 
 25. The summer's flower is to the summer sweet, 
 Though to itself it only live and die. 
 
 26. And low where dawning day doth never peepe 
 His dwelling is. 
 
 27. And up and down the people go 
 Gazing where the lilies blow 
 Round an island there below. 
 
 28. Such sorrow with such grace she blended, 
 As if she feared she had offended. 
 
 29. If you let slip time, like a neglected rose 
 
 It withers on the stalk with languished head. 
 
 30. Were it a draught for Juno when she banquets, 
 I would not taste thy treasonous offer. 
 
 31. Their armour, as it caught the rays, 
 Flashed back again the western blaze 
 In lines of dazzling light. 
 
EXAMPLES 47 
 
 32. Before their eyes the wizard lay 
 As if he had not been dead a day. 
 
 33. He seemed in such a weary plight 
 
 As if he had ridden the live-long night. 
 
 34. Though little fire grows great with little wind, 
 Yet extreme gusts will blow out fire and all. 
 
 35. Wisdom is ofttimes nearer when we stoop 
 Than when we soar. 
 
 36. Where rose the mountain, there to him were friends ; 
 Where rolled the ocean, thereon was his home. 
 
 37. And I, secure in childish piety, 
 Listened as if I heard an angel sing 
 With news from heaven. 
 
 38. The more we live, more brief appear 
 Our life's succeeding stages. 
 
 39. I made them lay their hands in mine and swear 
 To reverence their king as if he were 
 
 Their conscience, and their conscience as their king. 
 
 40. Whate'er her theme, the maiden sang 
 As if her song could have no ending. 
 
 41. I listened till I had my fill ; 
 And as I mounted up the hill 
 The music in my heart I bore 
 Long after it was heard no more. 
 
 42. Shine out, fair sun, till I have bought a glass, 
 That I may see my shadow as I pass. 
 
 43. And ere I take this charm from off her sight, 
 As I can take it with another herb, 
 
 I '11 make her render up her page to me. 
 
 --\ 
 
 TH 1| 
 
 I UNIVERSITY ft 
 
48 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 44. However we do praise ourselves. 
 Our fancies are more giddy and unfirm, 
 More longing, wavering, sooner lost and worn 
 Than women's are. 
 
 45. As one lamp lights another nor grows less, 
 So nobleness enkindleth nobleness. 
 
 46. Care keeps his watch in every old man's eye ; 
 And where care lodges, sleep will never lie. 
 
 47. Had I a heart for falsehood framed 
 
 I ne'er could injure you; 
 For though your tongue no promise claimed 
 Your charms would make me true. 
 
 48. The more laws you accept, the fewer penalties you 
 
 will have to endure, and the fewer punishments to 
 enforce. 
 
 49. O'er wayward childhood wouldst thou hold firm rule, 
 And sun thee in the light of happy faces, 
 
 Love, Hope and Patience, these must be thy graces,, 
 And in thine own heart let them first keep school. 
 
 50. The finer the sense for the beautiful and lovely, and 
 
 the fairer and lovelier the object presented to the 
 sense ; the more exquisite the individual's capacity 
 of joy, and the more ample his means and oppor- 
 tunities of enjoyment, the more heavily will he feel 
 the ache of solitariness, the more unsubstantial 
 becomes the feast spread around him. 
 
EXAMPLES 49 
 
 IV. EXAMPLES CONTAINING NOUN 
 CLAUSES 
 
 1. Time shall unfold what plaited cunning hides. 
 
 2. I dare assure thee that no enemy 
 Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus. 
 
 3. Know then this truth enough for man to know, 
 Virtue alone is happiness below. 
 
 4. What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. 
 
 5. I am a fool to weep at what I 'm glad of. 
 
 6. What you do still betters what is done. 
 
 7. So let what will be rest with what has been. 
 
 8. What I aspired to be, 
 And was not, comforts me. 
 
 9. What was known lent a charm to what was unknown. 
 
 10. What you have said 
 I will consider ; what you have to say 
 I will with patience hear. 
 
 11. What is obvious is not always known, and what is 
 
 known is not always present. 
 
 12. Whatever hath no beginning may be confident of no 
 
 end. 
 
 13. We look before and after 
 And pine for what is not. 
 
 14. But where they are and why they came not back, 
 Is now the labour of my thoughts. 
 
 15. Play, play your sonatas in A, 
 
 Heedless of what your next neighbour may say ! 
 
 (C50) 4 
 
50 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 16. Praising what is lost makes the remembrance dear. 
 
 17. What men call luck is the prerogative of valiant souls. 
 
 18. It was thought a weakness in the Squire that he had 
 
 kept all his sons at home in idleness. 
 
 19. It was plain that either the king or the House of 
 
 Commons must be stripped of all real power in the 
 State. 
 
 20. The best proof that the religion of the people was of 
 
 this mixed kind is furnished by the Drama of that 
 age. 
 
 21. For 't is a vulgar proof 
 That very oft we pity enemies. 
 
 What great ones do the less will prattle of. 
 
 With weeping and with laughter 
 
 Still is the story told, 
 How well Horatius kept the bridge 
 In the brave days of old. 
 
 24. In this same interlude it doth befall 
 That I, one Snout by name, present a wall. 
 
 25. It comforts me in this one thought to dwell, 
 That I subdued me to my father's will. 
 
 26. Tell me how it came this night, 
 That I sleeping here was found 
 With these mortals on the ground. 
 
 27. I rather tell thee what is to be feared 
 Than what I fear. 
 
 28. For God doth know how many, now in health, 
 Shall drop their blood in approbation 
 
 Of what your reverence shall incite us to. 
 
EXAMPLES 51 
 
 29. My comfort is that Heaven will take our souls 
 And plague injustice with the pains of hell. 
 
 30. Of all beasts he learned the language, 
 Learned their names and all their secrets, 
 How the beavers built their lodges, 
 Where the squirrels hid their acorns. 
 
 31. From the Master of Life descending 
 I, the friend of man, Mondamin, 
 Come to warn you and instruct you, 
 How by struggle and by labour 
 
 You shall gain what you have prayed for. 
 
 32. Life ! I know not what thou art, 
 But know that thou and I must part; 
 But when or how or where we met, 
 
 I own to me 's a secret yet. 
 
 33. What Antony shall speak I will protest 
 He speaks by leave and by permission, 
 And that we are contented Csesar shall 
 Have all true rites and lawful ceremonies. 
 
 34. They know what beauty is, see where it lies, 
 Yet what the best is take the worst to be. 
 
 35. Thence comes it that my name receives a brand, 
 And almost thence my nature is subdued 
 
 To what it works in, like the dyer's hand. 
 
 36. I know not if in others' eyes 
 She seem'd almost divine ; 
 But far beyond a doubt it lies 
 That she did not in mine. 
 
 37. I cannot sing the old songs now ! 
 It is not that I deem them low; 
 J T is that I can't remember how 
 
 They go. 
 
52 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 38. I often think that the pitiful shortness of this life 
 
 compared with a man's hopes and plans is almost 
 enough proof of itself that there must be another 
 better fitted to his aims and capacities. 
 
 39. By what strenuous exertions, by what ingenious ex- 
 
 pedients, by what blandishments, by what bribes, 
 he succeeded in preventing his allies from throwing 
 themselves, one by one, at the feet of France, can 
 be but imperfectly known. 
 
 40. It seems clear, therefore, that the wages of labour 
 
 estimated in money were in 1685 not more than 
 half of what they now are. 
 
 41. What I am, what I am not, in the eye 
 
 Of the world, is what I never cared for much. 
 
 42. Boast not of what thou wouldst have done, but do 
 What then thou wouldst. 
 
 43. Vouchsafe my prayer 
 
 May know if you remain upon this island, 
 And that you will some good instruction give 
 How I may bear me here. 
 
 44. Olivia. I prithee tell me what thou thinkst of me. 
 Viola. That you do think you are not what you are. 
 
 45. Now Conscience wakes the bitter memory 
 Of what he was, what is, and what must be. 
 
 46. Our people's faith 
 
 Is faithfulness ; not the rote-learned belief 
 That we are heaven's highest favourites, 
 But the resolve that being most forsaken 
 Among the sons of men, we will be true 
 Each to the other and our common lot. 
 
EXAMPLES 53 
 
 47. We have partly succeeded in enforcing on the minds 
 
 of the poor the idea that it is disgraceful to receive; 
 and are likely without much difficulty to succeed in 
 persuading the rich that it is disgraceful to give. 
 
 48. "What he layeth out, shall be paid him again", is 
 
 quite true in matters of education. 
 
 49. You do not educate a man by telling him what he 
 
 knew not but by making him what he was not. 
 
 50. Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight, 
 
 And all the air a solemn stillness holds, 
 Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight, 
 
 And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds ; 
 Save that from yonder ivy-mantled tower 
 
 The moping owl does to the moon complain... 
 
 V. MISCELLANEOUS COMPLEX SENTENCES 
 
 1. My strength is as the strength of ten 
 Because my heart is pure. 
 
 2. I will eat dust before I will deny 
 The flesh I spring from. 
 
 3. The sun will set before I shall discharge 
 What I must strive to do. 
 
 4. My creed is he is safe that does his best, 
 And death 's a doom sufficient for the rest. 
 
 5. Look if he be 
 
 Friend to himself that would be friend to thee. 
 
 6. If you shall send them word you will not come, 
 Their minds may change. 
 
 7. True ease in writing comes from art not chance, 
 As those move easiest who have learned to dance. 
 
54 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 8. I sleep so sound all night, Mother, that I shall never 
 
 wake 
 
 If you do not call me loud when the day begins to 
 break. 
 
 9. Let them tell that Highland honour 
 
 Is not to be bought or sold ; 
 That we scorn their Prince's anger 
 As we loathe his foreign gold. 
 
 10. Dost thou so hunger for mine empty chair, 
 
 That thou wilt needs invest thee with my honours 
 Before thy hour is ripe 1 ? 
 
 11. It seemed she was a queen 
 Over her passion, who most rebel-like 
 Sought to be king o'er her. 
 
 12. The brinded lioness led forth her young, 
 
 That she might teach them how they should forego 
 Their inborn thirst of death. 
 
 13. I dreamed I lay where flowers were springing 
 
 Gaily in the sunny beam, 
 List'ning to the wild birds singing 
 By a falling crystal stream. 
 
 14. I have heard the grey-haired friar tell, 
 How on her death-bed she did say, 
 That she should hear the castle-bell 
 Strike twelve upon my wedding-day. 
 
 15. They that can wander at will where the works of the 
 
 Lord are revealed, 
 
 Little guess what joy can be got from a cowslip out 
 of the field. 
 
 16. This is certain that a man that studieth revenge 
 
 keeps his own wounds green which otherwise would 
 heal and do well. 
 
EXAMPLES 55 
 
 17. When winter winds are piercing chill 
 
 And through the hawthorn blows the gale, 
 With solemn feet I tread the hill 
 That overbrows the lonely vale. 
 
 18. Tell him he hath made a match with such a wrangler. 
 That all the courts of France shall be disturbed with 
 
 chaces. 
 
 19. Unless thou tell'st me where thou hadst this ring, 
 Thou diest within this hour. 
 
 20. Your brother kings and monarchs of the earth 
 Do all expect that you should rouse yourself 
 As did the former lions of your blood. 
 
 21. My heart doth joy that yet in all my life 
 I found no man but he was true to me. 
 
 22. He that outlives this day and comes safe home, 
 Will stand a-tip-toe when this day is named, 
 And rouse him at the name of Crispian. 
 
 23. Therefore, Jew, though justice be thy plea consider 
 
 this. 
 
 That in the course of justice none of us should see 
 salvation. 
 
 24. There dwells a consciousness in every breast, 
 That folly ends where genuine hope begins, 
 And he that finds his heaven must lose his sins. 
 
 25. If you praised her as charming, some asked what you 
 
 meant, 
 
 But the charm of her presence was felt when sho 
 went. 
 
 26. Even now, methinks, as pondering here I stand, 
 I see the rural virtues leave the land. 
 
56 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 27. Know you not 
 
 What nature makes you mourn she bids you heal? 
 
 28. I have lost 
 Beauties and feelings, such as would have been 
 Most sweet to my remembrance even when age 
 Had dimmed mine eye to blindness. 
 
 29. Yet all experience is an arch wherethro' 
 
 Gleams that untravell'd world, whose margin fades 
 For ever and for ever when I move. 
 
 30. 'Mid pleasures and palaces though we may roam, 
 Be it never so humble, there 's no place like home. 
 
 31. Happen what may, of me expect to hear 
 Nothing dishonourable, impure, unworthy 
 Our God, our Law, my nation or myself. 
 
 32. And but he 's something stained 
 With grief that's beauty's canker, thou mightst call 
 
 him 
 A goodly person. 
 
 33. Spurs are a sign of knighthood, and should tell thee 
 That knightly love is blent with reverence, 
 
 As heavenly air is blent with heavenly blue. 
 
 34. With a look of exultation, 
 As of one who in a vision 
 Sees what is to be but is not, 
 Stood and waited Hiawatha. 
 
 35. What thou art we know not; 
 
 What is most like theel 
 From rainbow clouds there flow not 
 
 Drops so bright to see 
 As from thy presence showers a rain of melody. 
 
EXAMPLES 57 
 
 36. A substitute shines brightly as a king, 
 Until a king be by ; and then his state 
 Empties itself, as doth an inland brook 
 Into the main of waters. 
 
 37. And her smile it seems half -holy, 
 As if drawn from thoughts more far 
 Than our common jestings are. 
 
 38. What avails it that indulgent Heaven 
 
 From mortal eyes hath wrapt the woes to come, 
 If we, ingenious to torment ourselves, 
 Grow pale at hideous fictions of our own] 
 
 39. Ask why God made the gem so small, 
 And why so huge the granite ; 
 Because God meant mankind should set 
 That higher value on it. 
 
 40. Virtue could see to do what virtue would 
 
 By her own radiant light, though sun and moon 
 Were in the fiat sea sunk. 
 
 41. Your charm so strongly works them, 
 That, if you now beheld them, your affections 
 Would become tender. 
 
 42. Such tricks hath strong imagination, 
 That, if it would but apprehend some joy, 
 It comprehends some bringer of that joy. 
 
 43. So dear to Heaven is saintly chastity, 
 That, when a soul is found sincerely so, 
 A thousand liveried angels lackey her. 
 
 44. And thou art worthy that thou shouldst not know 
 More happiness than this thy present lot. 
 
 45. We are not now that strength which in old days 
 Moved earth and heaven ; that which we are, we are. 
 
58 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 46. But the more we study the annals of the past, the 
 
 more we shall rejoice that we live in a merciful age. 
 
 47. There 's a land, a dear land, where our vigour of soul 
 Is fed by the tempests that blow from the pole ; 
 Where a slave cannot breathe, or invader presume 
 To ask for more earth than will cover his tomb. 
 
 48. For though from out our bourne of Time and Place 
 
 The flood may bear me far, 
 I hope to see my Pilot face to face 
 When I have crossed the bar. 
 
 49. I am the best of them tfyat speak this language, 
 Were I but where 't is spoken. 
 
 50. To-day, my lord of Amiens and myself, 
 Did steal behind him as he lay along 
 Under an oak, whose antique root peeps out 
 Upon the brook that brawls along this wood. 
 
 51. Never did my steps approach 
 
 This humble door but she who dwelt therein 
 A daughter's welcome gave me, and I loved her 
 
 As my own child. . . 
 
 . . . . , . and no one came 
 
 But he was welcome ; no one went away 
 
 But that it seemed she loved him, 
 
 52. To-morrow night, when Phoebe doth behold 
 Her silvery visage in the watery glass, 
 Decking with liquid pearl the bladed grass, 
 A time that lovers' flights doth still conceal, 
 Through Athens' gates have we devised to steal. 
 
 53. Could folks see with other eyes 
 
 They would know, 
 That the wildest winds that blow, 
 And the deepest drifts of snow 
 
 Are but blessings in disguise. 
 
EXAMPLES 59 
 
 54 If any care for what is here, 
 
 Survive in spirits render'd free, 
 Then are these songs I sing of thee 
 Not all ungrateful to thine ear. 
 
 55. For all we know 
 Of what the blessed do above, 
 
 Is that they sing and that they love, 
 
 56. Sometimes 
 'T is well to be bereft of promised good, 
 That we may lift the soul and contemplate 
 With lively joy the joys we cannot share. 
 
 57. The test of being educated is can you do what you 
 
 ought when you ought, whether you want to do it 
 or not 1 ? 
 
 58. For 't is a truth well-known to most 
 That, whatsoever thing is lost, 
 
 We seek it ere it come to light, 
 In every cranny but the right. 
 
 59. Be that thou know'st thou art, and then thou art 
 As great as that thou fear'st. 
 
 60. Their higher instinct knew 
 
 Those love truth best who to themselves are true, 
 And what they dare to dream of dare to do. 
 
 61 . The clouds return into the hues of night, 
 Save where their brazen-coloured edges streak 
 
 The verge where brighter morns were wont to break. 
 
 62. And come he slow or come he fast 
 It is but Death who comes at last 
 
 63. Vain is the glory of the sky, 
 
 The beauty vain of field and grove, 
 Unless, while with admiring eye 
 We gaze, we also learn to love. 
 
60 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 64. What I am not and what I fain would be, 
 Whilst I inform myself, I would teach thee, 
 My gentle Arthur, that it might be said 
 
 One lesson we have both learned and well read. 
 
 65. I hold you here, root and all, in my hand, 
 Little flower but if I could understand 
 What you are, root and all, and all in all, 
 I should know what God and man is. 
 
 66. Now glowed the firmament 
 With living sapphires : Hesperus that led 
 The starry host rode brightest, till the moon 
 Rising in clouded majesty, at length 
 Apparent queen, unveiled her peerless light, 
 And o'er the dark her silver mantle threw. 
 
 67. But ere you wed with any, bring your bride, 
 And I, were she the daughter of a king, 
 Yea, tho' she were a beggar from the hedge, 
 Will clothe her for her bridals like the sun. 
 
 68. Who knows not Circe, 
 The daughter of the Sun, whose charmed cup 
 Whoever tasted lost his upright shape, 
 
 And downward fell into a grovelling swine 1 
 
 69. One lesson, Shepherd, let us two divide, 
 
 Taught both by what she shows and what conceals, 
 Never to blend our pleasure or our pride 
 With sorrow of the meanest thing that feels. 
 
 70. And though not mortal, yet a cold shuddering dew 
 Dips me all o'er, as when the wrath of Jove 
 Speaks thunder and the chains of Erebus 
 
 To some of Saturn's crew. 
 
 71. He tells me that he thanks God that he never knew 
 
 what it was to be tempted to be a knave in his life, 
 till he did come into the House of Commons, where 
 
EXAMPLES 61 
 
 there is nothing done but by passion and faction 
 and private interest. 
 
 72. It little profits that, an idle king 
 
 By this still hearth, among these barren crags, 
 Matched with an aged wife, I mete and dole 
 Unequal laws unto a savage race, 
 That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me. 
 
 73. If there is an angel who records the sorrows of men 
 
 as well as their sins, he knows how many and deep 
 are the sorrows that spring from false ideas for 
 which no man is culpable. 
 
 74. Who has not heard how Tyrian shells 
 
 Enclosed the blue, that dye of dyes, 
 Whereof one drop worked miracles, 
 
 And coloured like Astarte's eyes 
 Eaw silk the merchant sells 1 
 
 75. Eemorse is as the heart in which it grows; 
 If that be gentle, it drops balmy dews 
 
 Of true repentance ; but if proud and gloomy 
 It is a poison-tree, that, pierced to the utmost 
 Weeps only tears of poison. 
 
 76. That things are not so ill with you and me as they 
 
 might have been, is half owing to the number who 
 lived faithfully a hidden life, and rest in un visited 
 tombs. 
 
 77. If youth is the season of hope it is often so only in 
 
 the sense that our elders are hopeful about us ; for 
 no age is so apt as youth to think its emotions, 
 partings, and resolves are the last of their kind. 
 
 78. They do not err 
 Who say, that, when the poet dies, 
 Mute Nature mourns her worshipper 
 And celebrates his obsequies. 
 
62 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 79. Still as I view each well-known scene, 
 Think what is now and what has been, 
 Seems as to me of all bereft, 
 
 Sole friends thy woods and streams were left. 
 
 80. Here, where the fretted aisles prolong 
 The distant notes of holy song, 
 
 As if some angel spoke again 
 All peace on earth, goodwill to men, 
 If ever from an English heart, 
 O here let prejudice depart ! 
 
 81. Ah, let us hope that to our praise 
 
 Good God not only reckons 
 The moments when we tread His ways 
 
 But when the spirit beckons, 
 That some slight good is also wrought 
 
 Beyond self-satisfaction, 
 When we are simply good in thought, 
 
 Howe'er we fail in action. 
 
 82. It very seldom happens to a man that his business is 
 
 his pleasure. What is done from necessity, is so 
 often to be done when against the present inclina- 
 tion and so often fills the mind with anxiety, that 
 an habitual dislike steals upon us and we shrink 
 involuntarily from the remembrance of our task. 
 
 83. So far is it from being true that men are naturally 
 
 equal, that no two people can be half an hour to- 
 gether but one shall acquire an evident superiority 
 over the other e 
 
 84. The Macedonian conqueror, when he was once invited 
 
 to hear a man that sung like a nightingale, replied 
 with contempt that he had heard the nightingale 
 herself; and the same treatment must every man 
 expect whose praise is that he imitates another. 
 
EXAMPLES 63 
 
 85. What is most pleasant to observe in them is that they 
 
 assume to themselves the merit of the persons whom 
 they have in their custody. 
 
 86. It is a fair, even-handed, noble adjustment of things 
 
 that, while there is infection in disease and sorrow, 
 there is nothing in the world so irresistibly con- 
 tagious as laughter and good humour. 
 
 87. Although Scrooge was well used to ghostly company 
 
 by this time, he feared the silent shape so much 
 that, when he prepared to follow it, his legs 
 trembled beneath him and he found that he could 
 hardly stand. 
 
 88. At a little distance from Sir Boger's house, among the 
 
 ruins of an old abbey, there is a long walk of aged 
 elms, which are shot up so very high, that when 
 one passes under them, the rooks and crows that 
 rest upon the tops of them, seem to be cawing in 
 another region. 
 
 89. Then I told . . . how I bore his death as I thought 
 
 pretty well at first, but afterwards it haunted and 
 haunted me ; and though I did not cry or take it 
 to heart as some do, and as I think he would have 
 done if I had died, yet I missed him all day long, 
 and knew not till then how much I had loved him. 
 
 90. He that would pass the latter part of his life with 
 
 honour and decency, must, when he is young, con- 
 sider that he shall one day be old, and remember 
 when he is old that he has once been young. 
 
 91. Whatever advantage we snatch beyond a certain 
 
 portion allotted to us by nature, is like money 
 spent before it is due, which at the time of regular 
 payment will be missed and regretted. 
 
64 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 92. In the early ages of the world, we know it was 
 
 believed that each territory was inhabited and 
 ruled by its own divinities, so that a man could 
 cross the bordering heights and be out of the reach 
 of his native gods, whose presence was confined to 
 the streams and the groves and the hills among 
 which he had lived from his birth. 
 
 93. It seemed to him that the Power he had vainly 
 
 trusted in among the streets and at the prayer- 
 meetings, was very far away from this land in 
 which he had taken refuge, where men lived in 
 careless abundance, knowing and needing nothing 
 of that trust which for him had been turned to 
 bitterness. 
 
 94. Thou seest we are not all alone unhappy : 
 This wide and universal theatre 
 
 Presents more woeful pageants than the scene 
 Wherein we play in. 
 
 95. And it is very much lamented, Brutus, 
 That you have no such mirrors as will turn 
 Your hidden worthiness into your eye, 
 That you might see your shadow. 
 
 96. Our reasons are so full of good regard 
 That, were you, Antony, the son of Caesar, 
 You should be satisfied. 
 
 97. I cannot tell what you and other men 
 Think of this life ; but, for my single self, 
 I had as lief not be as live to be 
 
 In awe of such a thing as I myself. 
 
 98. T is so strange, 
 That, though the truth of it stands off as gross 
 As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it. 
 
EXAMPLES 65 
 
 99. By my Christendom 
 
 So I were out of prison and kept sheep, 
 I should be as merry as the day is long ; 
 And so I would be here, but that I doubt 
 My uncle practises some harm to me. 
 
 100. For you shall read that my great-grandfather 
 Never went with his forces into France, 
 
 But that the Scot on his unfurnished kingdom 
 Came pouring like the tide into a breach. 
 
 101. Near to her close and consecrated bower, 
 While she was in her dull and sleeping hour, 
 A crew of patches, rude mechanicals, 
 
 That work for bread upon Athenian stalls, 
 Were met together to rehearse a play, 
 Intended for great Theseus' nuptial day. 
 
 102. I think 
 
 The nightingale, if she should sing by day, 
 When every goose is cackling, would be thought 
 No better a musician than the wren. 
 
 103. If thou canst serve where thou dost stand condemned, 
 So may it come, my master whom thou lov'st 
 
 Shall find thee full of labours. 
 
 104. This, my mean task, 
 
 Would be as heavy to me as odious, but that 
 The mistress I serve quickens what ? s dead, 
 And makes my labours pleasures. 
 
 105. Strike, as thou didst at Caesar ; for I know, 
 
 When thou didst hate him worst, thou lovedst him 
 
 better 
 Than ever thou lovedst Cassius. 
 
 106. Had I as many eyes as thou hast wounds, 
 Weeping as fast as they stream forth thy blood, 
 
 (C50) 5 
 
66 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 It would become me better than to close 
 In terms of friendship with thine enemies. 
 
 107. Only be patient till we have appeased 
 The multitude, beside themselves with fear, 
 And then we wdll deliver you the cause 
 
 Why I, that did love Caesar when I struck him, 
 Have thus proceeded. 
 
 108. That I am guiltless of your father's death, 
 And am most sensibly in grief for it, 
 
 It shall as level to your judgment pierce 
 As day does to your eye. 
 
 109. So please your majesty, I would I could 
 Quit all offences with as clear excuse 
 As well as I am doubtless I can purge 
 Myself of many I am charged withal. 
 
 110. When I was with him I have heard him swear 
 That he would rather have Antonio's flesh, 
 Than twenty times the value of the sum 
 That he did owe him ; and I know, my lord, 
 If law, authority and power deny not, 
 
 It will go hard with poor Antonio. 
 
 111. But dust was thrown upon his sacred head; 
 Which with such gentle sorrow he shook off, 
 His face still combating with tears and smiles, 
 The badges of his grief and patience, 
 
 That, had not God for some strong purpose steel'd 
 The hearts of men, they must perforce have melted. 
 
 112. Why should I fear him more than other spirits, 
 Whom I see daily wave their fiery swords 
 Before the gates round which I linger oft, 
 
 In twilight's hour, to catch a glimpse of those 
 Gardens which are my just inheritance, 
 Ere the night closes o'er the inhibited walls 
 
EXAMPLES 67 
 
 And the immortal trees which overtop 
 The cherubim-defended battlements'? 
 
 113. Oh, if the selfish knew how much they lost, 
 What would they not endeavour, not endure, 
 To imitate as far as in them lay 
 Him who his wisdom and his power employs 
 In making others happy 1 ? 
 
 114. My mind to me a kingdom is ; 
 Such perfect joy therein I find, 
 As far exceeds all earthly bliss 
 That world affords or grows by kind ; 
 Though much I want what most men have, 
 Yet doth my mind forbid to crave. 
 
 115. Because our race has no great memories, 
 I will so live it shall remember me 
 
 For deeds of such divine beneficence 
 
 As rivers have, that teach men what is good 
 
 By blessing them. 
 
 116. Though from our birth the faculty divine 
 
 Is chained and tortured cabined, cribbed, confined, 
 And bred in darkness, lest the truth should shine 
 Too brightly on the unprepared mind, 
 The beam pours in, for time and skill will couch the 
 blind. 
 
 117. There's not a nook within this solemn Pass, 
 But were an apt confessional for One 
 Taught by his summer spent, his autumn gone, 
 That life is but a tale of morning grass 
 Withered at eve. 
 
 118. Near yonder thorn that lifts its head on high, 
 Where once the sign-post caught the passing eye, 
 Low lies that house where nut-brown draughts in- 
 spired, 
 
 Where grey-beard mirth and smiling toil retired, 
 
68 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 Where village statesmen talked with looks profound, 
 And news much older than their ale went round. 
 
 119. And he gave it for his opinion, that, whoever could 
 
 make two ears of corn or two blades of grass to 
 grow upon a spot of ground where only one grew 
 before, would deserve better of mankind and do 
 more essential service to his country, than the 
 whole race of politicians put together. 
 
 120. O'er yon low wall, which guards one unkempt zone, 
 
 Where vines and weeds and scrub-oaks intertwine 
 Safe from the plough, whose rough discordant stone 
 Is massed to one soft grey by lichens fine, 
 The tangled blackberry, crossed and recrossed, weaves 
 A prickly network of ensanguined leaves. 
 
 121. Were there below a spot of holy ground 
 
 Where from distress a refuge might be found, 
 And solitude prepare the soul for heaven, 
 Sure, nature's God that spot to man had given 
 Where falls the purple morning far and wide 
 In flakes of light upon the mountain side ; 
 Where with loud voice the power of water shakes 
 The leafy wood, or sleeps in quiet lakes. 
 
 122. High above all a cloth of state was spred, 
 
 And a rich throne as bright as sunny day; 
 On which there sate most brave embellished 
 With royall robes and gorgeous array, 
 A may den Queene, that shone as Titan's ray, 
 In glistring gold and perelesse pretious stone. 
 
 123. We can only have the highest happiness such as goes 
 
 along with being a great man, by having wide thoughts 
 and much feeling for the rest of the world as well as 
 ourselves; and this sort of happiness often brings so 
 much pain with it, that we can only tell it from pain 
 by its being what we would choose before everything 
 else, because our souls see it is good. 
 
EXAMPLES 69 
 
 124. It was partly to this vague fear that Marner was in- 
 
 debted for protecting him from the persecution that 
 his singularities might have drawn upon him, but 
 still more to the fact that, the old linen-weaver in 
 the neighbouring parish of Tarley being dead, his 
 handicraft made him a highly welcome settler to the 
 richer housewives of the district, and even to the 
 more provident cottagers, who had their little stock 
 of yarn at the year's end. 
 
 125. Such a daughter-in-law would be a saving to the old 
 
 Squire if she never brought a penny to her fortune ; 
 for it was to be feared that, notwithstanding his 
 incomings, there were more holes in his pocket than 
 the one where he put his own hand in. 
 
 126. A man will tell you that he has worked in a mine for 
 
 forty years unhurt by an accident as a reason why 
 he should apprehend no danger though the roof is 
 beginning to sink; and it is often observable, that 
 the older a man gets, the more difficult it is to him 
 to retain a believing conception of his own death. 
 
 127. But sometimes it happened that Marner, pausing to 
 
 adjust an irregularity in his thread, became aware 
 of the small scoundrels, and, though chary of his 
 time, he liked their intrusion so ill that he would 
 descend from his loom, and, opening the door, would 
 fix on them a gaze that was enough to make them 
 take to their legs in terror. 
 
 128. Is any rule more plain than this that, whoever 
 
 voluntarily gives to another irresistible power over 
 human beings, is bound to take care that such power 
 shall not be barbarously abused. 
 
 129. I therefore promised that I would repeat my lecture 
 
 next day, and actually conceived some hopes of 
 
70 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 making a reformation here, for it has ever been my 
 opinion, that, since every heart lay open to the shafts 
 of reproof, no man was past the hour of amendment 
 if the archer could but take a proper aim. 
 
 130. I was ever of opinion, that the honest man who married 
 
 and brought up a large family, did more service than 
 he who continued single and only talked of popula- 
 tion. From this motive I had scarce taken orders a 
 year before I began to think seriously of matrimony, 
 and chose my wife as she did her wedding-gown, not 
 for a fine glossy surface, but for such qualities as 
 would wear well. 
 
 131. If we had not very rich, we generally had very happy 
 
 friends about us; for this remark will hold good 
 through life, that the poorer the guest, the better 
 pleased he ever is with being treated. 
 
 132. The general cry was that the banished oppressor had 
 
 at least given Englishmen fair warning, and that if 
 after such a warning they welcomed him home, they 
 would have no pretence for complaining, though 
 every county-town should be polluted by an assize 
 resembling that which Jeffreys had held at Taunton. 
 
 133. The principle that the King of England was bound 
 
 to conduct the administration according to law, and 
 that if he did anything against law his advisers and 
 agents were answerable, was established at a very 
 early period, as the severe judgments pronounced 
 and executed on many royal favourites sufficiently 
 prove. 
 
 134. It seems to us quite clear that an enquirer who has 
 
 no wish except to know the truth, is more likely to 
 arrive at the truth than an enquirer who knows, that 
 if he decides the other way, he shall be punished. 
 
EXAMPLES 71 
 
 135. We ring true still whenever anything strikes home 
 
 to us; and though the idea that everything should 
 "pay" has infected our every purpose so deeply, 
 that even when we would play the Good Samaritan, 
 we never take out our two pence and give them to 
 the host without saying, " When I come again, thou 
 shalt give me fourpence," there is a capacity of noble 
 passion left in our heart's core. 
 
 136. No book is worth anything which is not worth much ; 
 
 nor is it serviceable until it has been read, and re- 
 read, and loved, and loved again; and marked, so 
 that you can refer to the passages you want in it, as 
 a soldier can seize the weapon he needs in an armoury, 
 or a housewife bring the spice she needs from her 
 store. 
 
 137. But when a poet, or when one like me, 
 Happy to rove among poetic flowers, 
 Though poor in skill to rear them, lights at last 
 On some fair theme, some theme divinely fair, 
 Such is the impulse and the spur he feels 
 
 To give it praise proportioned to its worth, 
 That, not t' attempt it, arduous as he deems 
 The labour, were a task more arduous still. 
 
 138. For meeting her of late behind the wood, 
 Seeking sweet favours for this hateful fool, 
 I did upbraid her, and fall out with her ; 
 For she his hairy temples then had rounded 
 With coronet of fresh and fragrant flowers ; 
 And that same dew, which sometime on the buds 
 Was wont to swell like round and orient pearl, 
 Stood now within the pretty flowerets' eyes 
 Like tears, that did their own disgrace bewail. 
 
 139. He had no sooner seated himself at the upper end of 
 
 the high table but he called for a clean pipe, a paper 
 
72 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 of tobacco, a dish of coffee, a wax candle and the 
 Supplement, with such an air of cheerfulness and 
 good humour, that all the boys in the Coffee-house, 
 who seemed to take pleasure in serving him, were at 
 once employed on his several errands, insomuch that 
 nobody else could come at a dish of tea till the knight 
 had got all his conveniences about him. 
 
 140. The common problem, yours, mine, everyone's, 
 Is not to fancy what were fair in life 
 Provided it could be ; but finding first 
 What may be, then find how to make it fair 
 Up to our means. 
 
 141. They wasted not their brain in schemes 
 
 Of what man might be in some bubble-sphere, 
 As if he must be other than he seems 
 Because he was not what he should be here. 
 
 142. I love all waste 
 And solitary places, where we taste 
 The pleasure of believing what we see 
 Is boundless as we wish our souls to be. 
 
 143. Our better part remains 
 
 To work in close design by fraud or guile, 
 What force effected not, that he no less 
 At length may find, who overcomes 
 By force, hath overcome but half his foe. 
 
 144. And who knows, 
 
 Let this be good, whether our angry foe 
 Can give it or will ever*? How he can 
 Is doubtful ; that he never will is sure. 
 
 145. There stood a hill not far, whose grisly top 
 Belch'd fire and rolling smoke ; the rest entire 
 Shone with a glossy scurf, undoubted sign 
 That in his womb was hid metallic ore, 
 
 The work of sulphur. 
 
EXAMPLES 73 
 
 146. For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, 
 Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, 
 Quite vanquished him: then burst his mighty heart, 
 And in his mantle muffling up his face, 
 
 Even at the base of Pompey's statua, 
 
 Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell. 
 
 147. And though we lay these honours on this man 
 To ease ourselves of divers slanderous loads, 
 He shall but bear them as the ass bears gold, 
 To groan and sweat under the business, 
 Either led or driven, as we point the way. 
 
 148. But 'tis a common proof 
 That lowliness is young Ambition's ladder, 
 Whereto the climber upward turns his face ; 
 But when he once attains the upmost round, 
 He then unto the ladder turns his back, 
 Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees 
 By which he did ascend. 
 
 149. Be witness to't . . . 
 
 That were I crowned the most imperial monarch, 
 Thereof most worthy, were I the fairest youth 
 That ever made eye swerve, had force and knowledge 
 More than were ever man's, I would not prize them 
 Without her love. 
 
 150. Hadst thou but shook thy head and made a pause 
 When I spake darkly what I purposed, 
 
 Or turned an eye of doubt upon my face, 
 
 As bid me tell my tale in express words, 
 
 Deep shame had struck me dumb, made me break off, 
 
 And those thy fears might have wrought fears in me. 
 
 151. O, speak again, bright angel ! For thou art 
 As glorious to this night, being o'er my head, 
 As is a winged messenger of heaven 
 
 Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes 
 
74 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 Of mortals that fall back to gaze on him 
 When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds, 
 And sails upon the bosom of the air. 
 
 152. True, I talk of dreams, 
 Which are the children of an idle brain, 
 Begot of nothing but vain fantasy, 
 Which is as thin of substance as the air, 
 And more inconstant than the wind who woos 
 Even now the frozen bosom of the North, 
 And being angered puffs away from thence, 
 Turning his face to the dew-dropping South. 
 
 153. I conjure you by that which you profess, 
 Howe'er you came to know it, answer me : 
 Though you untie the winds and let them fight 
 Against the churches : though the yesty waves 
 Confound and swallow navigation up ; 
 
 Though bladed corn be lodged and trees blown down, 
 
 Though castles topple on their warders' heads ; 
 
 Though palaces and pyramids do slope 
 
 Their heads to their foundations ; though the treasure 
 
 Of nature's germins tumble all together, 
 
 Even till destruction sicken; answer me 
 
 To what I ask you. 
 
 154. And when I am forgotten, as I shall be, 
 
 And sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention 
 Of me more must be heard of, say, I taught thee ; 
 Say, Wolsey, that once trod the ways of glory, 
 And sounded all the depths and shoals of honour, 
 Found thee a way out of his wreck to rise in, 
 A sure and safe one, though thy master missed it. 
 
 155. I am no orator as Brutus is, 
 
 But, as you know me all. a plain blunt man, 
 That love my friend ; and that they know full well 
 That gave me public leave to speak of him : 
 
EXAMPLES 75 
 
 but were I Brutus, 
 
 And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony 
 Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue 
 In every wound of Caesar, that should move 
 The stones of Koine to rise and mutiny. 
 
 156. Even now perhaps as there some pilgrim strays 
 Through tangled forests and through dangerous ways, 
 Where beasts with man divided empire claim, 
 
 And the brown Indian marks with murderous aim, 
 
 There while above the giddy tempest flies, 
 
 And all around distressful yells arise, 
 
 The pensive exile bending with his woe, 
 
 To stop too fearful and too faint to go, 
 
 Casts a long look where England's glories shine, 
 
 And bids his bosom sympathize with mine. 
 
 157. For we are all like swimmers in the sea, 
 Poised on the top of a huge wave of fate, 
 Which hangs uncertain to which side to fall; 
 And whether it will heave us up to land, 
 
 Or whether it will roll us out to sea, 
 Back out to sea to the deep waves of death, 
 We know not and no search will make us know ; 
 Only the event will teach us in its hour. 
 
 158. For well I know, that, did great Rustum stand 
 Before thy face this day and were reveal'd, 
 There would be then no talk of fighting more. 
 But being what I am I tell thee this, 
 
 Either thou shalt renounce thy vaunt and yield, 
 Or else thy bones shall strew this sand till winds 
 Bleach them. 
 
 159. Breathes there the man with soul so dead, 
 Who never to himself hath said, 
 
 44 This is my own, my native land!" 
 Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned 
 
76 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 As home his footsteps he hath turned 
 From wandering on a foreign strand 1 ? 
 If such there be, go, mark him well ; 
 For him no minstrel raptures swell ! 
 High though his titles, proud his name, 
 Boundless his wealth as wish can claim; 
 Despite those titles, power and pelf, 
 The wretch, concentred all in self, 
 Living, shall forfeit fair renown, 
 And, doubly dying, shall go down 
 To the vile dust, from whence he sprung, 
 Unwept, unhonoured and unsung. 
 
 160. And after all this, when a man might reasonably 
 
 believe that less than a universal defection of three 
 kingdoms could not have reduced so great a king to 
 so ugly a fate, it is certain that in that very hour 
 when he was thus wickedly murdered in the sight of 
 the sun, he had as great a share in the hearts and 
 affections of his subjects in general, was as much 
 beloved, esteemed and longed for by the people in 
 general of the three nations, as any of his prede- 
 cessors had ever been. 
 
 161. If, leaving off the delusive custom of substituting 
 
 imagination in the room of experience, we would 
 confine ourselves to what we do know and under- 
 stand; if we would argue only from that, and from 
 that form our expectation, it would appear at first 
 sight that, as no probability of living beings ceasing 
 to be so can be concluded from the reason of the 
 thing, so none can be collected from the analogy of 
 Nature, because we cannot trace any living beings 
 beyond death. 
 
 162. What was the course of his dismal adventures after 
 
 he became hidden from the world by the vapoury 
 screen, could not be fully deciphered even by the 
 
EXAMPLES 77 
 
 most sagacious of mountaineers, although in most 
 cases they manifest an Indian truth of eye, together 
 with an Indian felicity of weaving all the signs that 
 the eye can gather into a significant tale, by connect- 
 ing links of judgment and natural inference. 
 
 163. It is no part of the design of this treatise to aim at 
 
 nicety of definition, where the ideas suggested by a 
 term are already as clear as practical purposes require. 
 But, little as it might be expected that any mis- 
 chievous confusion could take place on a subject so 
 simple as the question, " What is to be considered as 
 wealth 1 ?" it is a matter of history that such confusion 
 of ideas has existed. 
 
 164. This state of things I have thought, it necessary to 
 
 premise for the information of the general reader, 
 who might be apt to forget that, although no great 
 historical events, such as war or insurrection, mark 
 the existence of the Anglo-Saxons as a separate 
 people subsequent to the reign of William the Second, 
 yet the great national distinctions betwixt them and 
 their conquerors, the recollection of what they had 
 formerly been, and to what they were now reduced, 
 continued, down to the reign of Edward the Third, 
 to keep open the wounds which the Conquest had 
 inflicted, and to maintain a line of separation betwixt 
 the descendants of the victor Normans and the 
 vanquished Saxons. 
 
 165. What other excellences this garden of Paradise had, 
 
 before God for man's ingratitude and cruelty cursed 
 the earth, we cannot judge; but I may safely think 
 that, by how much Adam exceeded all living men 
 in perfection, by being the immediate workmanship 
 of God, by so much did that chosen and particular 
 garden exceed all parts of the universal world, in 
 which God had planted that is, made to grow the 
 
78 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 trees of life, of knowledge, plants only proper and 
 becoming the paradise and garden of so great a Lord. 
 
 166. But if there were a painter so gifted that he could 
 
 place on the canvas that glorious paradise, seen by 
 the interior eye of him whose outward sight had 
 failed with long watching and labouring for liberty 
 and truth, if there were a painter who could set 
 before us the mazes of the sapphire brook, the lake 
 with its fringe of myrtles, the flowery meadows, the 
 grottoes overhung by vines, the forests shining with 
 Hesperian fruit and the plumage of gorgeous birds, 
 the massy shade of that nuptial bower which 
 showered down roses on the sleeping lovers, what 
 should we think of a connoisseur who should tell 
 us that this painting, though finer than the absurd 
 picture in the old Bible, was not so correct 1 Surely 
 we should answer, It is both finer and more correct; 
 and it is finer because it is more correct. 
 
 167. As he excelled in all other virtues, so in temperance 
 
 he was so strict, that he abhorred all deboshery to 
 that degree that, at a great festival solemnity where 
 he once was, when very many of the nobility of the 
 English and Scots were entertained, being told by 
 one of them who withdrew from thence, what vast 
 draughts of wine they drank, and that there was an 
 earl who had drunk most of the rest down and was 
 not himself moved or altered, the king said he de- 
 served to be hanged; and that earl coming shortly 
 into the room where his majesty was, in some gaiety, 
 to show how unhurt he was from that battle, the 
 king sent one to bid him withdraw from his majesty's 
 presence ; nor did he in some days appear before the 
 king. 
 
 168. For though my soul disputes well with my sense, 
 That this may be some error, but no madness, 
 
EXAMPLES 79 
 
 Yet doth this accident and flood of fortune 
 So far exceed all instance, all discourse, 
 That I am ready to distrust mine eyes 
 And wrangle with my reason, that persuades me 
 To any other trust but that I am mad 
 Or else the lady 's mad ; yet if 't were so, 
 She could not sway her house, command her fol- 
 lowers, 
 
 Take and give back affairs and their dispatch 
 With such a smooth, discreet and stable bearing 
 As I perceive she does. 
 
 169. Perhaps 
 God will relent and quit thee all his debt, 
 Who evermore approves and more accepts, 
 Best pleased with humble and filial submission, 
 Him who imploring mercy sues for life, 
 
 Than who, self-rigorous, chooses death as due ; 
 Which argues over-just and self -displeased 
 For self-offence more than for God offended. 
 
 170. Thou durst not thus disparage glorious arms 
 Which greatest heroes have in battle worn, 
 Their ornament and safety, had not spells 
 And black enchantments, some magician's art, 
 Armed thee or charmed thee strong, which thou from 
 
 Heaven 
 
 Feign'dst at thy birth was given thee in thy hair, 
 Where strength can least abide, though all thy hairs 
 Were bristles ranged like those that ridge the back 
 Of chafed wild boars or ruffled porcupines. 
 
 171. The other shape, 
 
 If shape it might be called, that shape had none 
 
 Distinguishable in member, joint, or limb, 
 
 Or substance might be called that shadow seemed, 
 
 . . . . black it stood as night, 
 Fierce as ten furies, terrible as hell, 
 
80 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 And shook a dreadful dart; what seemed his head 
 The likeness of a kingly crown had on. 
 
 172. So strange thy outcry and thy words so strange 
 Thou interposest, that my sudden hand 
 Prevented spares to tell thee yet by deeds 
 What it intends, till first I know of thee 
 
 What thing thou art thus double-formed, and why, 
 In this infernal vale first met, thou call'st 
 Me father. 
 
 173. As when from mountain tops the dusky clouds 
 Ascending, while the north wind sleeps, overspread 
 Heaven's cheerful face, the low'ring element 
 Scowls o'er the darken'd landscape snow or shower; 
 If chance the radiant sun with farewell sweet 
 Extend his ev'ning beam, the fields revive, 
 
 The birds their notes renew and bleating herds 
 Attest their joy, that hill and valley rings. 
 
 174. While thus he spake, the angelic squadron bright 
 Turned fiery red, sharp'ning in mooned horns 
 Their phalanx, and began to hem him round 
 With ported spears, as thick as when a field 
 
 Of Ceres, ripe for harvest, waving bends 
 Her bearded grove of ears which way the wind 
 Sways them ; the careful ploughman doubting stands, 
 Lest on the threshing floor his hopeful sheaves 
 Prove chaff. 
 
 175. Meanwhile our primitive great sire, to meet 
 
 His god-like guest, walks forth, with no more train 
 
 Accompanied than with his own complete 
 
 Perfections ; in himself was all his state, 
 
 More solemn than the tedious pomp that waits 
 
 On princes, when their rich retinue long 
 
 Of horses led and grooms besmeared with gold 
 
 Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape. 
 
EXAMPLES 81 
 
 176. Now when ambrosial night with clouds exhaled 
 From that high mount of God, whence light and shade 
 Spring both, the face of brightest heaven had changed 
 To grateful twilight, (for night comes not there 
 
 In darker veil), and roseate dews disposed 
 
 All but the unsleeping eyes of God to rest, 
 
 Wide over all the plain, and wider far 
 
 Than all this globose earth in plain outspread, 
 
 (Such are the courts of God), the angelic throng 
 
 Dispersed in bands and files, their camp extend 
 
 By living streams among the trees of life, 
 
 Pavilions numberless, and sudden reared 
 
 Celestial tabernacles, where they slept 
 
 Fanned by cool winds ; save those, who, in their course 
 
 Melodious hymns about the sovran throne 
 
 Alternate all night long. 
 
 177. Say ye, who with less prudence than of old 
 1 Jotham ascribed to his assembled trees 
 
 In politic convention, put your trust 
 
 In the shadow of a bramble, and reclined 
 
 In fancied peace beneath his dangerous branch 
 
 Eejoice in him and celebrate his sway, 
 
 Where find ye passive fortitude ? 
 
 178. The longer on this earth we live 
 
 And weigh the various qualities of men, 
 
 Seeing how most are fugitive, 
 
 Or fitful gifts at best, of now and then, 
 
 Wind- wavered corpse-lights, daughters of the fen, 
 
 The more we feel the high stern-featured beauty 
 
 Of plain devotedness to duty, 
 
 Steadfast and still, nor paid with mortal praise, 
 
 But finding amplest recompense 
 
 For life's ungarlanded expense 
 
 In work done squarely and unwasted days. 
 
 i See ' Judges ' ix, vv. 7 to 15. 
 (C50) 6 
 
INDEX TO AUTHORS 
 
 I. SIMPLE AND COMPOUND SENTENCES 
 
 1. Shakespeare Richard 11. 
 2. 
 
 3. Wordsworth The Reaper. 
 
 4. Burns To a Mountain 
 
 Daisy. 
 
 5. Blake Night. 
 
 6. Spenser Faerie Queene. 
 
 7. 
 
 8. Gray The Bard. 
 
 9. Milton Lycidas. 
 
 10. L' Allegro. 
 
 11. Wordsworth Inscriptions. 
 
 12. Shakespeare Romeo and 
 
 Juliet. 
 
 13. Shakespeare Romeo and 
 
 Juliet. 
 
 14. Cowper Alexander Selkirk. 
 
 15. John Gilpin. 
 
 16. Tennyson The Lady of 
 
 Shalott. 
 
 17. Gray Elegy. 
 
 18. Tennyson The Sleeping 
 
 Beauty. 
 
 19. Tennyson Idylls of the 
 
 King. 
 
 20. Shakespeare Much Ado 
 
 about Nothing. 
 
 21. Shakespeare A Midsum- 
 
 mer-Night's Dream. 
 
 22. Shakespeare A Midsum- 
 
 mer-Night's Dream. 
 
 23. Shakespeare Romeo and 
 
 Juliet. 
 
 24. Shakespeare A Midsum- 
 
 mer-Night's Dream. 
 
 25. Wordsworth The Excur- 
 
 sion. 
 
 26. Wordsworth The Excur- 
 
 sion. 
 
 27. Wordsworth Sonnet. 
 
 28. Spenser Faerie Queene. 
 
 29. Shakespeare The Tempest. 
 30. 
 
 31. Tennyson Idylls of the 
 
 King. 
 
 32. Tennyson Idylls of the 
 
 King. 
 
 33. Milton Paradise Lost. Bk.i. 
 
 34. Wordsworth The Excur- 
 
 sion. 
 
 35. Lowell Columbus. 
 
 36. To the Past. 
 
 37. An Indian Summer 
 Reverie. 
 
 38. Coleridge Fears in Soli- 
 
 tude. 
 
 83 
 
84 
 
 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 II. ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES 
 
 1. Scott Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 strel. 
 
 2. Blake Auguries of Inno- 
 
 cence. 
 
 3. Milton Comus. 
 
 4. Longfellow Hiawatha. 
 
 5. Coleridge Ancient Mari- 
 
 ner. 
 
 6. Moore Irish Melodies. 
 
 7. Shakespeare Merchant of 
 
 Venice. 
 
 8. Pope Epistles of Horace. 
 
 9. Shakespeare Sonnet. 
 
 10. Geo. Eliot Spanish Gypsy. 
 
 11. Shakespeare Richard II. 
 
 ** 55 55 
 
 13. Milton Hymn on the Na- 
 
 tivity. 
 
 14. Byron Hour of Evening. 
 
 15. Spenser Faerie Queene. 
 
 16. Milton Comus. 
 
 17. Shakespeare Tempest. 
 
 18. Milton Comus. 
 
 19. Scott Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 strel. 
 
 20. Scott Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 strel. 
 
 21. Scott Marmion. 
 
 22. Browning Luria. 
 
 23. Shakespeare Merchant of 
 
 Venice. 
 
 24. Goldsmith Deserted Vil- 
 
 lage. 
 
 25. Coleridge Kubla Khan. 
 
 26. Ancient Mariner. 
 
 Corn- 
 Corn- 
 Well 
 
 27. Longfellow Hiawatha. 
 
 28. Shakespeare Merchant of 
 
 Venice. 
 
 29. Herrick Corinna's Maying. 
 
 30. Shakespeare Julius Ccesar. 
 
 31. Lowell A Peep behind the 
 
 Curtain. 
 
 32. Geo. Eliot Silas Marncr. 
 
 33. Tennyson Sir Galahad. 
 
 34. Shakespeare Romeo and 
 
 Juliet. 
 
 35. Lowell Harvard 
 
 melioration Ode. 
 
 36. Lowell Harvard 
 
 memoration Ode. 
 
 37. Shakespeare All's 
 
 that Ends Well. 
 
 38. Geo. Eliot Spanish Gypsy. 
 
 39. Shakespeare Much Ado 
 
 about Nothing. 
 
 40. Keats Hyperion. 
 
 41. Matthew Arnold The For- 
 
 saken Merman. 
 
 42. Milton Comus. 
 
 43. 
 
 44. Wordsworth Ode on Inti- 
 
 mations of Immortality. 
 
 45. Browning Luria. 
 
 46. Shakespeare As You Like 
 
 It. 
 
 47. Shakespeare Merchant of 
 
 Venice. 
 
 48. Cowper The Poplar Field. 
 
 49. Gray The Bard. 
 
 50. Shakespeare TwelfthNiyht. 
 
 III. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES 
 
 1. Wordsworth. 
 
 2. Coleridge To Wordsworth. 
 
 3. Shakespeare Othello. 
 
 4. Longfellow Hiawatha. 
 
 5. Shakespeare Henry V. 
 
 7. Shakespeare Henry V, 
 
 8. 
 
 9. Richard 1L 
 
 10. Henry V, 
 
 11. Tennyson Morte d' 'Arthur. 
 
 12. Raleigh. 
 
INDEX TO 
 
 AUTHORS 85 
 
 13. Shakespeare A Midsum- 
 
 33. Scott Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 mer-Night's Dream. 
 
 strel. 
 
 14. Shakespeare A Midsum- 
 
 34. Shakespeare Taming of the 
 
 mer-Night's Dream. 
 
 Shrew. 
 
 15. Bunyan The Pilgrim. 
 
 35. Wordsworth Excursion. 
 
 16. Shakespeare King Lear. 
 
 36. Byron Childe Harold. 
 
 17. Julius Ccesar. 
 
 37. Lowell To the Dandelion. 
 
 18. 
 
 38. Campbell Review of Life. 
 
 19. 
 
 39. Tennyson Idylls of the 
 
 20. 
 
 King. 
 
 21. 
 
 40. Wordsworth The Reaper. 
 
 22. King John. 
 
 41. 
 
 23. King Lear. 
 
 42. Shakespeare Richard III. 
 
 24. 
 
 43. Midsummer- 
 
 25. Sonnet. 
 
 Nights Dream. 
 
 26. Spenser Faerie Queene. 
 
 44. Shakespeare TwelfthNight. 
 
 27. Tennyson The Lady of 
 
 45. Lowell Yussouf. 
 
 Shalott. 
 
 46. Shakespeare Romeo and 
 
 28. Coleridge Christabel. 
 
 Juliet. 
 
 29. Milton Comus. 
 
 47. Sheridan The Duenna. 
 
 30. 
 
 48. Ruskin The Two Paths. 
 
 31. Scott Marmion. 
 
 49. Coleridge Education. 
 
 32. Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 50. The Solitary Date- 
 
 strel 
 
 tree. 
 
 IV. NOUN 
 
 CLAUSES 
 
 1. Shakespeare King Lear. 
 
 18. Geo. Eliot Silas Marnsr. 
 
 2. ,, Julius Ccesar. 
 
 19. Macaulay Essays. 
 
 3. Pope Essay on Man. 
 
 20. 
 
 4. Old Proverb. 
 
 21. Shakespeare TwelfthNight. 
 
 5. Shakespeare Tempest. 
 
 22. 
 
 6. A Winter's Tale. 
 
 23. Macaulay Lay of Horatius. 
 
 7. Unknown. 
 
 24. Shakespeare Midsummer- 
 
 8. Browning Rabbi Ben Ezra. 
 
 Night's Dream. 
 
 9. Unknown. 
 
 25. Tennyson A Dream of 
 
 10. Shakespeare Julius Ccesar. 
 
 Fair Women. 
 
 11. Dr. Johnson Preface to the 
 
 26. Shakespeare Midsummer- 
 
 Dictionary. 
 
 Night's Dream. 
 
 12. Sir Thos. Browne Urn 
 
 27. Shakespeare Julius Ccesar. 
 
 Burial. 
 
 28. Henry V. 
 
 13. Shelley Skylark. 
 
 29. Richard II. 
 
 14. Milton Comus. 
 
 30. Longfellow Hiawatha. 
 
 15. Calverley Play, Fly-leaves. 
 
 31. 
 
 16. Shakespeare All's Well that 
 
 32. Barbauld Life. 
 
 Ends Well. 
 
 33. Shakespeare Julius Ccesar, 
 
 17. Lowell A Glance behind 
 
 34. Sonnet. 
 
 the Curtain. 
 
 35. 
 
METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 36. Calverley Mystery \ Fly- 
 
 37. Changed) leaves. 
 
 38. Mrs. |Ewing A Rat- Iron 
 
 for a farthing. 
 
 39. Macaulay History. 
 40. 
 
 41. Browning The Inn Album. 
 
 42. Milton Samson Agonistes. 
 
 43. Shakespeare Tempest. 
 
 44. Shakespeare TwelfthNight. 
 
 45. Milton Paradise Lost, 
 
 Bk. iv. 
 
 46. Geo. Eliot Spanish Gypsy. 
 
 47. Ruskin Munera Pulveris. 
 
 48. Time and Tide. 
 
 49. Munera Pulveris. 
 
 50. Gray Elegy. 
 
 V. MISCELLANEOUS COMPLEX SENTENCES 
 
 1. Tennyson Sir Galahad. 
 
 2. Geo. Eliot Spanish Gypsy. 
 
 3. Shakespeare Tempest. 
 
 4. Cowper Progress of Error. 
 
 5. Ben Jonson Friendship. 
 
 6. Shakespeare Julius Ccesar. 
 
 7. Pope Essay on Criticism. 
 
 8. Tennyson May Queen. 
 
 9. Aytoun Burial March of 
 
 Dundee. 
 
 10. Shakespeare Henry IV, 
 
 Pt. ii. 
 
 11. Shakespeare King Lear. 
 
 12. Shelley Witc h of Atlas. 
 
 13. Burns Song. 
 
 14. Coleridge Christabel. 
 
 15. Tennyson In the Children's 
 
 Hospital. 
 
 16. Bacon Essays. 
 
 17. Longfellow Woods in Win- 
 
 ter, 
 
 18. Shakespeare Henry V. 
 
 19. All's WeUthat 
 Ends Well. 
 
 20. Shakespeare Henry V. 
 
 21. Julius Ccesar. 
 
 22. Henry V. 
 
 23. Merchant of 
 Venice. 
 
 24. Cowper Progress of Error. 
 
 25. E.B.Browning A Portrait, 
 
 "My Kate". 
 
 26. Goldsmith Deserted Vil- 
 
 lage. 
 
 27. Coleridge Remorse. 
 
 28. Coleridge Lime-tree Bower. 
 
 29. Tennyson Ulysses. 
 
 30. Payne Home, Sweet Home. 
 
 31. Milton Samson Agonistes. 
 
 32. Shakespeare Tempest. 
 
 33. Geo. Eliot Spanish Gypsy. 
 
 34. Longfellow Hiawatha. 
 
 35. Shelley To a Skylark. 
 
 36. Shakespeare Merchant of 
 
 Venice. 
 
 37. E. B. Browning A Por- 
 
 trait. 
 
 38. Unknown. 
 
 39. Burns Epitaph. 
 
 40. Milton Comus. 
 
 41. Shakespeare Tempest. 
 
 42. Midsummer- 
 Night's Dream. 
 
 43. Milton Comus. 
 44. 
 
 45. Tennyson Ulysses. 
 
 46. Macaulay History of Eng- 
 
 land. 
 4 7. Mackay A Song of England. 
 
 48. Tennyson Crossing the Bar. 
 
 49. Shakespeare Tempest. 
 
 50. As You Like It. 
 
 51. Wordsworth Excursion. 
 
 52. Shakespeare Midsummer - 
 
 Night's Dream. 
 
 53. Unknown. 
 
 54. Tennyson In Memoriam. 
 
 55. Unknown. 
 
 56. Coleridge Lime-tree Bower* 
 
 57. Spencer. 
 
INDEX TO AUTHORS 
 
 87 
 
 58. Cowper The Retired Cat. 
 
 99. Shakespeare King John. 
 
 59. Shakespeare TwelfthNight. 
 
 100. Henry V. 
 
 60. Lowell Harvard Commemo- 
 
 101. Midsummer- 
 
 ration Ode. 
 
 Night's Dream. 
 
 61. Byron Heaven and Earth. 
 
 102. Shakespeare Merchant of 
 
 62. Scott Marmion. 
 
 Venice. 
 
 63. Wordsworth. 
 
 103. Shakespeare King Lear. 
 
 64. Ben Jonson Friendship. 
 
 104. Tempest. 
 
 65. Tennyson Flower in the 
 
 105. Jidius Ccesar. 
 
 Crannied Wall. 
 
 106. 
 
 66. Milton Paradise Lost, iv. 
 
 107. 
 
 67. Tennyson IdyUs of the 
 
 108. , Hamlet. 
 
 King. 
 
 109. , Henry IV, 
 
 68. Milton Comus. 
 
 Pt. i 
 
 69. Wordsworth Hartleap 
 
 110. Shakespeare Merchant of 
 
 Well. 
 
 Venice. 
 
 70. Milton Comus. 
 
 111. Shakespeare Richard II. 
 
 71. Pepys Diary (1667). 
 
 112. Byron Cain. 
 
 72. Tennyson Ulysses. 
 
 113. Cowper Selfishness. 
 
 73. Geo. Eliot Silas Marner. 
 
 114. Dyer. 
 
 74. R. Browning Popularity. 
 
 115. Geo. Eliot Spanish 
 
 75. Coleridge Remorse. 
 76. Geo. Eliot Middlemarch. 
 
 Gypsy. 
 116. Byron ChUde Harold. 
 
 77. 
 
 117. Wordsworth The Tros- 
 
 78. Scott Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 sachs. 
 
 strel. 
 
 118. Goldsmith Deserted Vil- 
 
 79. Scott Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 lage. 
 
 strel. 
 
 119. Swift Gulliver's Travels. 
 
 80. Scott Marmion. 
 
 120. Lowell An Indian Sum- 
 
 81. Lowell Longing. 
 
 mer Reverie. 
 
 82. Dr. Johnson The Idler. 
 
 121. Wordsworth Descriptive 
 
 83. Rasselas. 
 
 Sketches. 
 
 84. The Rambler. 
 
 122. Spenser Faerie Queene, 
 
 85. Steele Spectator (" On Con- 
 
 Bk. i. 
 
 fidantes"}. 
 
 123. Geo. Eliot Romola. 
 
 86. Dickens Christmas Carol. 
 
 124. Silas Marner. 
 
 87. 
 
 125. 
 
 88. Addison Spectator. 
 
 126. 
 
 89. Chas. Lamb Essays ofElia. 
 
 127. 
 
 90. Dr. Johnson The Rambler. 
 
 128. Unknown. 
 
 91. The Idler. 
 
 129. Goldsmith Vicar of WaTce- 
 
 92. Geo. Eliot Silas Marner. 
 
 field. 
 
 93. 
 
 130. Goldsmith Vicar of Wake- 
 
 94. Shakespeare AsYouLikelt. 
 
 field. 
 
 95. Shakespeare Julius Ccesar. 
 
 131. Goldsmith Vicar of Wake- 
 
 96. 
 
 field. 
 
 97. Julius Ccesar. 
 
 132. Macaulay History of Eng- 
 
 98. Henry V. 
 
 land. 
 
88 METHOD OF ANALYSIS 
 
 133. Macaulay History of Eng- 
 
 156. 
 
 Goldsmith The Traveller. 
 
 land. 
 
 157. 
 
 Matthew Arnold Sohrab 
 
 134. Macaulay Essays. 
 
 
 and Rustum. 
 
 135. Ruskin Sesame and Lilies. 
 
 158. 
 
 Matthew Arnold Sohrab 
 
 136. 
 
 
 and Rustum. 
 
 137. Cowper The Task. 
 
 159. 
 
 Scott Lay of the Last Min- 
 
 138. Shakespeare A Midsum- 
 
 
 strel. 
 
 mer-Night's Dream. 
 
 160. 
 
 Clarendon HistoryofEng - 
 
 139. Addison Spectator. 
 
 
 land. 
 
 140. R.Browning BuhopBlou- 
 
 161. 
 
 Butler A nalogy. 
 
 gram's Apology. 
 
 162. 
 
 Unknown. 
 
 141. Lowell Ode for July 4th, 
 
 163. 
 
 ,, 
 
 1875. 
 
 164. 
 
 Scott Ivanhoe. 
 
 142. Shelley Julian and Mad- 
 
 165. 
 
 Unknown. 
 
 dalo. 
 
 166. 
 
 Macaulay Essay on Byron. 
 
 143. Milton Paradise Lost, i. 
 
 167. 
 
 Clarendon History of Eng- 
 
 144. ii. 
 
 
 land. 
 
 145. i. 
 
 168. 
 
 Shakespeare Twelfth 
 
 146. Shakespeare JuliusCcesar. 
 
 
 Night. 
 
 147. 
 
 169. 
 
 Milton Samson Agonistes. 
 
 148. 
 
 170. 
 
 i 
 
 149. A Winter's 
 
 171. 
 
 Paradise Lost, ii. 
 
 Tale. 
 
 172. 
 
 }) 55 
 
 150. Shakespeare King John. 
 
 173. 
 
 JJ 
 
 151. Shakespeare Romeo and 
 
 174. 
 
 iv. 
 
 Juliet. 
 
 175. 
 
 > v. 
 
 152. Shakespeare Romeo and 
 
 176. 
 
 5 
 
 Juliet. 
 
 177. 
 
 Cowper The Task. Bk. v. 
 
 153. Shakespeare Macbeth. 
 
 178. 
 
 Lowell Under the Old 
 
 154. Henry VIII. 
 
 
 Elm. 
 
 155. JuliusCcesar. 
 
 
 
BRIEF GENERAL LIST OF 
 MATHEMATICAL * SCIENTIFIC 
 AND TECHNICAL * WORKS 
 
 PUBLISHED BY BL ACKIE * AND SON * LIMITED 
 
 Arithmetic 
 
 A Complete Short Course of 
 Arithmetic. By A. E. Layng, 
 M.A. A new highly practical 
 text -book, covering the whole 
 ground of the ordinary school 
 course, and provided, in addition, 
 with separate sections on mental 
 and other short and approximate 
 methods of calculation. With 
 Answers, is. 6d. Without An- 
 swers, is. 
 
 Layng's Arithmetic. By A. E. 
 Layng, M.A., Editor of" Layng's 
 Euclid". With or without An- 
 swers, 4$. 6d. In two Parts, with 
 or without Answers, 2s. 6d. each. 
 Part I: To Decimals and the 
 Unitary Method. Part II : Uni- 
 tary method to Scales of Notation. 
 
 Layng's Exercises in Arith- 
 metic. (The Exercises of the 
 above, published separately.) 
 Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d.; with 
 Answers, 31. Part I (5000 
 Exercises), is.; with Answers, 
 is. 6d. Part II (3500 Exercises), 
 I s. 6d. ; with Answers, 2s. 
 
 A Complete Arithmetic. With 
 Answers, 234 pages, is. 6d. 
 Exercises only, 192 pages, is. 
 Answers only, limp, 6d. net. 
 
 Higher Arithmetic and Men- 
 suration. By Edward Murray, 
 Mathematical Master at the Civil 
 Service Institute, Dublin. With 
 Answers, $s. 6d. 
 
 Higher Rules. For Commercial 
 Classes, Civil Service and other 
 Examinations. 6d. With An- 
 swers, Sd. 
 
 Mercantile Arithmetic. For 
 Commercial and other Classes. By 
 E. T. Pickering. Cloth, is. 6d. 
 
 Short Cuts and By-Ways in 
 Arithmetic. By Cecil Burch. 
 A labour - saving Arithmetic. 
 With full explanations, many 
 examples, numerous exercises, 
 and a chapter on Magic Squares, 
 &c. 2s. 
 
 Blackie's Supplementary Arith- 
 metics. 
 
 Decimals and the Metric System. 
 zd.-, cloth, 3</. 
 
 Common Weights and Measures. 
 3,d. ; cloth, 4</. 
 
 Higher Rules. Cloth. 6d. With An- 
 swers, cloth, 8<^. 
 
 Answers, separately, 3^. net each. 
 
 The Teacher's Black - Board 
 Arithmetic. By "Tact". In 
 two Parts, is. 6d. each. 
 
 Mental Arithmetic. Consisting 
 mainly of Problems specially de- 
 signed to give the oower of ready 
 solution. 6d. 
 
Typical Mental Problems. In 
 Six Numbers, each, paper, 2d. ; 
 cloth, 3^. 
 
 TEACHER'S EDITION of Typical 
 Mental Problems. Numbers I to 
 VI. With Answers, 6d. each. 
 
 Typical Government Problems. 
 Numbers I to VI, each 40 pp., 
 paper, 2d. ; cloth, $d. ; Answers 
 to Numbers I, II, V, VI, 2d. net 
 each. Answers to Numbers III 
 and IV (one vol.), $d. net. 
 
 Practical Problems in Arith- 
 metic. Mental and Written. 
 Numbers I to VII, each, paper, 
 2d. ; cloth, $d. Answers to Numbers 
 I to VII (one vol.), cloth, $d. net. 
 
 Blackie's Arithmetics for Course 
 " B ". Crown 8vo, large type, 
 many examples. 
 
 Nos/I, II, & III, each, No. VI, 3^. 
 
 Nos'.IV&V,each,2K< No. VII, 3^. 
 
 Cloth covers, \d, extra. 
 
 ANSWERS to Nos. I and II, one vol., 3^. net; 
 
 to Nos. 1 1 1- VI I, -$d. each net. 
 
 Arithmetical Tests for Scheme 
 "B". Numbers I to VII. Paper, 
 id. each. Answers to the Seven 
 Numbers (one vol.), cloth, 3^. net. 
 
 Blackie's Concentric Arith- 
 metics. The treatment is con- 
 centric : formal rules are avoided : 
 practical exercises : measuring 
 work provided : newer methods of 
 subtraction and multiplication ex- 
 plained : printed in script figuring. 
 
 Book I yt. I Book III 4 <t. 
 
 Book II yi. I Book IV 6d. 
 
 ANSWERS, Books I-II (one vol.), 3^. 
 Book III, 3 dT. ; Book IV 3^ net. 
 
 Blackie's Model Arithmetics for 
 Scheme " B ". Concrete sums. 
 Three-Term. In Script Figuring. 
 
 Book I i 
 
 Book II.... 2 
 Book III... 2 
 
 Book lV....zY z d. 
 
 Book V yi. 
 
 Book VI.... id. 
 
 Cloth covers, -id. extra. 
 ANSWERS I-ITI (one vol.), -$d. net 
 IV- 71 3 d. net 
 
 Blackie's Three Division Arith- 
 metic. A New Series based on 
 
 Scheme B, foruse in schools adopt- 
 ing the tripartite classification 
 recommended by the Board of 
 Education. No. I, 2d.', No. II, 
 4^.; No. Ill, 4^. Answers (com- 
 plete), cloth, 6d. net. 
 
 Blackie's Script-Figure Arith= 
 metics. In Bold Written figures, 
 specially designed for the series. 
 Nos. I and 11^ id. each. Nos. Ill 
 and IV, 2d. each. Nos. V, 3^., 
 VI, ^d. Cloth, id. extra each. 
 Answers I-II, 3^. net; III-IV, 
 3oT. net ; V-VI, $<i. net. 
 
 Blackie's New Scottish Arith- 
 metics. 
 
 A First Course in Arithmetic (Junior 
 Division). $d. Cloth, 50!. Answers. 
 
 A Second Course in Arithmetic 
 (Senior Division). Cloth. 6d. With An- 
 swers, 8^. ANSWERS, separately, ^d. net. 
 
 Merit Certificate Arithmetic. Cover- 
 ing the whole work of the Standards. Cloth, 
 Bd. With Answers, cloth, lod. ANSWERS, 
 separately, cloth, 3^. net. 
 
 Blackie's Arithmetical Tables. 
 Price id. 
 
 ARITHMETICAL SHEETS 
 
 Typical Government Problem 
 Sheets. Printed on strong man- 
 ilia paper. Size 30 x 40 inches, and 
 mounted on rollers. Sets for Stan- 
 dards III and IV, price 6s. each. 
 
 The Vivid Mental Calculator 
 and Table Tester. Printed in 
 Colours, cloth backed, size 44 x 36 
 inches. On rollers, 6s. 
 
 The Vivid Concrete and Ab- 
 stract Arithmetic Sheets for 
 Number-Laying. 4largeSheets 
 printed in Colours. With cover, 
 los. per set. Coloured Tablets, 
 to accompany the sheets, in box, 
 ^d. In packets of 400, is. 6d. 
 
 Hand-and-Eye Arithmetic. A 
 Teacher's Handbook, is. 6J. 
 
 The Class-Teacher's Arith- 
 metic (Course "B"). For 
 Standards I and II, is. 6d. 
 
Geometry, Algebra, &c* 
 
 Elementary Mathematics Al- 
 gebra and Geometry. By 
 .A. Leighton, M.A., B.Sc. 2s. 
 
 A First Course of Algebra. By 
 A. E. Layng, M.A. Embodying 
 Graphic and other solutions and 
 applications to Arithmetic and 
 Geometry. Up to and including 
 easy Quadratic Equations. 2s. 6d. 
 
 An Introduction to Algebra. By 
 R. C. Bridgett, M.A., B.Sc., 
 F.C.S. is. 
 
 A New Geometry for Beginners. 
 Theoretical and Practical. By 
 Ravvdon Roberts, B.Sc. is. 6d. 
 
 Elementary Geometry of the 
 Straight Line, Circle, and 
 Plane Rectilineal Figures. 
 By Cecil Hawkins, M.A. On the 
 lines of the new Cambridge Uni- 
 versity Syllabus. 3^. 6d. Also in 
 two Parts, 2s. each. Key, $s. net. 
 
 Exercises in Theoretical and 
 Practical Geometry. By R. B. 
 Morgan, B.Litt., L.C.P. CL, is. 
 
 Constructive Geometry. Ar- 
 ranged for the First Year's Course 
 in Science. By John G. Kerr, 
 LL.D. is. 6d. 
 
 Euclid's Elements of Geometry. 
 
 Edited by A. E. Layng, M.A. 
 
 BOOKS I to VI, and XI, 3*. 6d. 
 
 BOOK I, is.; II, 6d.; Ill, is.; 
 
 IV, 6d.; V and VI together, is. 
 
 XI, is. 6d. BOOKS I-II, is. 3^1; 
 
 I-III, 2s.; I-IV, 2s. 6d. Keyte 
 
 BOOK I, 2s. 6d. net; complete, 
 
 5-r. net. 
 A New Sequel to Euclid. By 
 
 Professor W. J. Dilworth, M.A. 
 
 2s. 6d. Part I, is. Part II, 2s. 
 
 Easy Mathematical Problem 
 Papers. By Charles Davison, 
 Sc.D. 2.s. With Answers and 
 Hints for Solution. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Preliminary Geometry. By 
 Rawdon Roberts, B.Sc. is. 
 
 Elementary Plane Geometry. 
 By V. M. Turnbull. 2s. 
 
 Test-Papers in Mathematics. 
 By John Dougall, M.A. With 
 Answers, is. 
 
 Blackie's Euclid and Mensu- 
 ration for Beginners. 6d. 
 
 Euclid, Book I. Paper, id. 
 
 Elementary Mensuration. 
 
 Lines, Surfaces, and Solids. By 
 J. Martin. lod. 
 
 Descriptive Geometry. In- 
 cluding chapters on Plane Geo- 
 metry and Graphic Arithmetic. 
 By Alex. B. Dobbie, B.Sc. 2s. 
 
 Mathematical Facts and For- 
 mulae. By A. E. Lyster, M.A. 
 Cloth limp, 9^.; cloth boards, is. 
 
 Trigonometry. Theoretical and 
 Practical. Embodying Graphic 
 and other solutions with Loga- 
 rithm Tables and Answers. By 
 R. C. Bridgett, M.A., B.Sc., 
 F.C.S., and William Hyslop, 
 M.A., B.Sc. 4J. 6d. 
 
 Experimental Trigonometry. 
 By R. C. Bridgett, M.A., B.Sc., 
 F.C.S. is. 
 
 Elementary Text - Book of 
 Trigonometry. By R. H. 
 Pinkerton, B.A.(Oxon.). New 
 Edition. Cloth, 2s. 
 
 Introductory Mathematics. By 
 R. B. Morgan, B.Litt., L.C.P. 
 2s. Answers, 6d. net. 
 
 Elementary Graphs. By R. B. 
 Morgan, B.Litt., L.C.P. is. 6d. 
 Answers, 4//. net. 
 
 Graphs for Beginners. By Wal- 
 ter Jamieson, A.M.I.E.E. is. 6d. 
 
 A Handy Book of Logarithms. 
 With Practical Geometrical Ap- 
 pendix. 2S. 
 
 Blackie's Algebrafor Beginners. 
 From Notation to simple Equa- 
 tions and Square Root. With 
 Answers, 6d. 
 
 Elementary Algebra. From No- 
 tation to Easy Quadratic Equa- 
 tions, is. 6d. With Answers, 
 cloth, 2s. Also in three Parts, 
 3^.; cloth, 4//. each. Answers, 
 3^. net each ; complete, ^d. net. 
 
Exercises in Elementary Al- 
 gebra. By A. E. Layng, M.A. 
 With or without Answers, is. 
 
 Algebra. Up to and including 
 Progressions and Scales of No- 
 tation. By J. G. Kerr, LL.D. 
 2s. With Answers, 2s. 6d. 
 
 An Introduction to the Differ- 
 ential and Integral Calculus. 
 With examples of applications 
 to Mechanical Problems. By 
 W. J. Millar, C.E. is. 6d. 
 
 Mathematical Wrinkles for Ma- 
 triculation and other Exams. 
 Six Sets of London Matriculation 
 Papers, with full Solutions. By 
 Dr. W. T. Knight. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Algebraic Factors. How to Find 
 them and how to Use them. By 
 
 Dr. W. T. Knight. 2s. Key, 
 35-. 6d. net. 
 
 First Mathematical Course. 
 Containing Arithmetic, Algebra 
 (to Simple Equations), and the 
 First Book of Euclid. Reduced 
 price, is., with or without An- 
 swers. Answers, 6d. net. 
 
 Blackie's Mathematics, First, 
 Second, and Third Stages. 
 
 FIRST STAGE. Euclid and Algebra. 
 Paper, 6d., cloth, yd. 
 
 SECOND STAGE. Euclid and Al- 
 gebra. Paper, lod., cloth, is. 
 
 THIRD STAGE. Algebra. Cloth 
 limp, 6d. Layng's Euclid, Books 
 
 I-III, 2S. 
 
 Answers to each Stage, $d. net. 
 Key to Stage I, cloth, is. net. 
 
 Science 
 
 PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 
 Deschanel's Natural Philoso- 
 phy. An Elementary Treatise. 
 By Prof. A. Privat Deschanel, 
 of Paris. Edited by Professor 
 J. D. Everett, D.C.L., F.R.S. 
 Medium 8vo, cloth, i&r. ; also in 
 Parts, limp cloth, 4_r. 6d. each. 
 PART I. Mechanics, Hydrostatics, &c. 
 PART II. Heat. 
 
 PART III. Electricity and Magnetism. 
 PART IV. Sound and Light. 
 
 Electricity. (Being an expansion 
 of Part III of Deschanel on the 
 lines of modern electrical theory. ) 
 Edited by Professor J. D. Everett, 
 M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S. 45. 6d. 
 
 A Text-Book of Heat. By 
 Charles H. Draper, B.A., 
 D.Sc.(Lond.). 4?. 6d. 
 
 Light, Heat, and Sound. By 
 Charles H. Draper, B.A., 
 D. Sc. (Lond. ), Head-master of the 
 Technical School, Brighton. 2s. 
 
 Elementary Ophthalmic Optics. 
 By Freeland Fergus, M.D., 
 F.R.S.E., Surgeon to the Glas- 
 gow Eye Infirmary. 3^. 6d. net. 
 
 Elementary Text -Book of 
 Physics. By Professor Everett, 
 D.C.L., F.R.S. 3-y. 6d. 
 
 Elementary Experimental 
 Science. An Introduction to 
 the study of Scientific Method. 
 By W. Mayhowe Heller, B.Sc., 
 and E. G. Ingold. 2s. 6d. net. 
 
 Elementary Physics. Practical 
 and Theoretical. First Year's 
 Course. By John G. Kerr, M. A. , 
 LL.D. Illustrated. ls.6d. 
 
 Elementary Physics. Practical 
 and Theoretical. Second Year's 
 Course. By John G. Kerr, M.A., 
 LL.D., and John N. Brown, 
 A.R.C.S. Illustrated. 2s. 
 
 Elementary Physics. Practical 
 and Theoretical. By John N. 
 Brown, A.R.C.S. Third Year's 
 Course. Illustrated. 2s. 
 
 Elementary Chemistry. Prac- 
 tical and Theoretical. FIRST 
 YEAR'S COURSE. By T. A. 
 Cheetham, F.C.S. is. 6d. 
 
 Elementary Chemistry. Practi- 
 cal and Theoretical. SECOND 
 YEAR'S COURSE. By T. A. 
 Cheetham, F.C.S. 2s. 
 
 Chemistry for All. Or, Elemen- 
 tary Alternative Chemistry. By 
 W. Jerome Harrison, F.G.S., 
 and R. J. Bailey, is. 6d. 
 
Elementary Inorganic Chem- 
 istry. Theoretical and Practical. 
 By Professor A. Humboldt Sex- 
 ton, F.I.C., F.C.S. 2s.6d. 
 
 Systematic Inorganic Chem- 
 istry. FROM THE STAND-POINT 
 
 OF THE PERIODIC LAW. A 
 Text- Book for Advanced Students. 
 By R. M. Caven, D.Sc. (London), 
 and G. D. Lander, D.Sc. (St. 
 Andrews and London). 6s. net. 
 
 Junior Chemistry and Physics. 
 By W.Jerome Harrison, F.G.S. 
 With numerous Illustrations and 
 Diagrams, is. 6d. 
 
 The Arithmetic of Elementary 
 Physics and Chemistry. By 
 H. M. Timpany, M.Sc. is. 
 
 Chemistry for Beginners. By 
 W. Jerome Harrison, is. Also 
 in three Parts, paper, 4^.; cloth, 
 $d. each. 
 
 A Text-Book of Organic Chem- 
 istry. English Translation from 
 the German of A. Bernthsen, 
 Ph.D. Edited by J. J. Sud- 
 borough, Ph.D., D.Sc., F.I.C. 
 7-r. 6d. net. 
 
 Chemistry Lecture Notes. By 
 G. E. Welsh, B.Sc. Adapted for 
 Third and Fourth Years in 
 Secondary and Grammar Schools 
 under the Board of Education. 
 Interleaved with blank pages for 
 additional notes, is. 6d. 
 
 Progressive Lessonsin Science. 
 Practical Experiments with Food- 
 stuffs, Soils, and Manures. By 
 A. Abbott, M.A., and Arthur 
 Key, M.A. 3*. 6d. 
 
 Laboratory Exercise Book. For 
 Chemical Students. Tables for 
 analysis; Sheets for results. By 
 E. Francis, F.C.S. 6d. 
 
 Chemistry Demonstration 
 Sheets. By E. Francis. Eight 
 Sheets, 37" x 28", 3^. 6d. each. 
 
 An Introduction to Analytical 
 Chemistry. By Prof. G. G. 
 Henderson, D.Sc., M.A., and 
 M. A. Parker, B.Sc. 5*. 
 
 MAGNETISM AND ELEC- 
 TRICITY 
 
 Electricity and Magnetism. (Pt. 
 Ill of DeschanePs Natural Phil- 
 osophy. ) Edited and enlarged by 
 Prof. J. D. Everett, D.C.L., 
 F.R.S. 4s. 6d. 
 
 Magnetism and Electricity for 
 Beginners. By W. G. Baker, 
 M.A. is. In three Parts, paper, 
 $d. ; cloth, 4^. each. 
 
 The Arithmetic of Magnetism 
 and Electricity. By R. Gunn. 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 Elementary Electrical Engi- 
 neering. By John H. Shaxby, 
 B.Sc. 3-r. net. 
 
 Electrical Engineering Meas- 
 uring Instruments. For Com- 
 mercial and Laboratory Purposes. 
 ByG. D. Aspinall Parr, M.I.E.E., 
 A.M.I.Mech.E. 9*. net. 
 
 DYNAMICS, MECHANICS, &C. 
 
 Elementary Text-Book of Dy- 
 namics and Hydrostatics. By 
 R. H. Pinkerton, B.A. 31. 6d. 
 
 Hydrostatics and Pneumatics. 
 By R. H. Pinkerton. 4*. 6d. 
 
 Mechanics, Hydrostatics, and 
 Pneumatics. (Part I of Des- 
 chaneFs Natural Philosophy. ) 
 Edited by Prof. J. D. Everett, 
 D.C.L., F.R.S. 45. 6tt. 
 
 Mechanics for Beginners. By 
 David Clark. is. 6d. Part I, 
 4</.; cloth, 5</. Parts II and 
 III, 5</.; cloth, 6d. each. 
 
 Theoretical Mechanics. (Solids 
 and Liquids.) By R. H. Pinker- 
 ton, B.A.(Oxon.). 2s. 
 
 An Elementary Text-Book of 
 Applied Mechanics. By David 
 Allan Low (Whitworth Scholar), 
 M.Inst.M.E. 2s. 
 
 The Geometry of the Screw 
 Propeller. By William J. 
 Goudie, B.Sc. is. 6d. net. 
 
 PHYSIOLOGY, HYGIENE, &c. 
 
 Simple Lessons on Health and 
 Habits. With Elementary Les- 
 sons in First Aid. 8d. 
 
The Laws of Health. By Car- 
 stairs C. Douglas, M.D., D.Sc., 
 F.R.S.E. 3-r. net. 
 
 Health in the School. By 
 J. S. C. Elkington, M.D., D.P.H. 
 2s. net. 
 
 Animal Physiology for Be- 
 ginners. By Vincent T. Murche. 
 Cloth, is. 6d. Part I, paper, 
 4</. ; cloth, $d. Parts II and 
 III, paper, $d. ; cloth, 6d. each. 
 
 Elementary Physiology. By 
 Prof. Ainsworth Davis. With 
 Appendix for Agricultural Stu- 
 dents. 2S. 
 
 Elementary Physiology. By 
 Vincent T. Murche. An enlarged 
 edition of Murche's Ani?ual Phy- 
 siology for Beginners. 2s. 
 
 An Elementary Text-Book of 
 Physiology (Elementary and 
 Advanced). By J. M'Gregor 
 Robertson. 4^. 
 
 An Elementary Text-Book of 
 Anatomy. By Henry Edward 
 Clark. Illustrated. 55. 
 
 Elementary Hygiene and Phy- 
 siology. By H. R. Wakefield. 
 2s. 6d. 
 
 Elementary Hygiene. By H. 
 Rowland Wakefield. 2s. 
 
 Food and its Functions. A 
 Text - Book for Students of 
 Cookery. By James Knight, M. A., 
 B.Sc.,D.Sc. Illustrated. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Progressive Lessons in Science. 
 
 Practical experiments with food- 
 stuffs, soils, manures, &c., bear- 
 ing on the science of daily life. 
 By A. Abbott, M.A., and A. 
 Key, M.A. 3*. 6d. 
 
 BOTANY, AGRICULTURE, &c. 
 
 First Lessons in Botany. An 
 Introduction to Nature Study. By 
 Miss C. A. Cooper, L.L.A. 6d. 
 
 Botany for Beginners. By Vin- 
 cent T. Murche. 144 pp., cloth, 
 I*. Also in three Parts, paper, 
 *$d. ; cloth, 4//. each. 
 
 Elementary Botany. By Joseph 
 W. Oliver. 2s. 
 
 Elementary Botany. For use 
 in Middle and Lower forms of 
 Secondary Schools. By M. A. 
 Liversidge. is. 6d. net. 
 
 A First Course in Practical 
 Botany. By G. F. Scott Elliot, 
 M. A., B.Sc., F.L.S., F.R.G.S. 
 With over 1 50 Illustrations. $s. 6d. 
 
 The Student's Introductory 
 Text - Book of Systematic 
 Botany. By J. W. Oliver. 45-. 6d. 
 
 Seasonal Botany. A Supple- 
 mentary Text-Book, including an 
 outline of General Botany and a 
 detailed course of Physiological 
 Botany. By M. O'Brien Harris, 
 D.Sc. Interleaved. &/. 
 
 The Natural History of Plants: 
 Their forms, growth, reproduction, 
 and distribution. From the Ger- 
 man of the late Anton Kerner von 
 Marilaun, by F. W. Oliver, M. A., 
 D.Sc., with the assistance of Lady 
 Busk, B.Sc., and Mrs. M. F. Mac- 
 donald, B.Sc. 2000 Illustrations. 
 In two volumes, 30^. net. 
 
 Nature Studies. (Plant Life.) By 
 G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A., B.Sc., 
 F.L.S. Fully Illustrated. 3^.6^. 
 
 Nature-Study Exhibition Offi- 
 cial Report, 1902. 2s. 6d. net. 
 
 Agriculture for Beginners. By 
 R. P. Wright, Professor of Agri- 
 culture, Glasgow Technical Col- 
 lege. 144 pp., cloth, is. In 
 three Parts, paper, yi. ; cloth, 
 ^d. each. 
 
 Elementary Agriculture. By R. 
 P. Wright. An enlarged edition 
 of Agriculture for Beginners, 
 is. 6d. 
 
 The Principles of Horticulture. 
 A Series of Practical Scientific 
 Lessons. By Wilfred Mark 
 Webb, F.L.S. 2s. net. 
 
 The School Garden. A Hand- 
 book of Practical Horticulture for 
 Schools. ByJ. E. Hennesey. is. 
 
GEOLOGY, ASTRONOMY, &c. 
 
 Practical Experiments in Ele- 
 mentary Science, or, First 
 Steps in Earth - Knowledge. 
 Being an Introduction to Physio- 
 graphy. By J. Ansted Harrison 
 and W. Jerome Harrison. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Earth - Knowledge (Advanced 
 Physiography). By W. Jerome 
 Harrison and H. Rowland Wake- 
 field. 2s. 6d. 
 
 A Text-Book of Geology. An 
 Introduction to the study of the 
 Rocks and their Contents. By 
 W. Jerome Harrison. $s. 6d. 
 
 METALLURGY, COAL- 
 MINING, &c. 
 
 Elements of Metallurgy. By 
 W. Jerome Harrison and William 
 J. Harrison. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Elementary Text-Book of Coal 
 M ining. By Robert Peel, Mining 
 Engineer. With many Illustra- 
 tions and a Coloured Map of the 
 Coal Fields. 2s. 6d. 
 
 ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING, 
 &c. 
 
 Elementary Building Construc- 
 tion and Drawing for Scot- 
 tish Students. By Charles 
 
 Gourlay. With 24 plates and 
 full descriptive letterpress. 6s. 
 net. Plates of the above, with 
 introduction, done up in portfolio. 
 3-r. 6d. net. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS 
 
 Blackie's Circular Protractor. 
 For Practical Mathematics and 
 Elementary Science. Diameter, 
 6 inches. Price 3^. 
 
 Blackie's Circle Series of Ruled 
 Exercise Books. 
 
 No. i. Ruled in squares one-tenth of an 
 inch, with page for notes. 40 pages, 
 id. 80 pages, cloth, ^d. 
 
 No. 2. Ruled in centimetre squares. 40 
 pages. id. 
 
 No. 3. Ruled in quarter-inch squares. 
 40 pages, id. 
 
 No. 4. Ruled in millimetre squares. 32 
 pages. 3^. 
 
 No. 5. Ruled in one-eighth-inch squares. 
 T.d. 
 
 No. 6. Fire Insurance Surveyors' Note- 
 Book. Ruled in one -eighth -inch 
 squares, for working on 4o-feet scale. 
 zd. 
 
 No. 7. Fire Insurance Surveyors' Note- 
 Book. Ruled in one-tenth-inch squares, 
 for working on 3o-feet scale, zd. 
 
 Portfolio to hold any one of the above 
 exercise books. Handsomely bound 
 in full leather, limp, is. 6d. net. 
 
 Cookery, Domestic Economy 
 
 A Handbook of Cookery for 
 School and Home. By Ada 
 T. Pearson. 6d. 
 
 Cookery for School Girls. Ten 
 Elementary Lessons. By Mary 
 R. Macdonald. Paper, $d. ; cloth, 
 4^. 
 
 Cookery and Laundry-Work. 
 With simple lectures on Hygiene 
 and Housewifery. By L. C. 
 Andrews. Sd. 
 
 Food and its Functions. A 
 text-book for students of Cookery. 
 By James Knight, D.Sc. Illus- 
 trated. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Domestic Economy. By E. Rice. 
 is. 6d. In three Parts, paper, 
 3</. ; cloth, 4//. each. 
 
 A Manual of the Science of 
 Laundry-Work. For Students 
 and Teachers. By Margaret Cuth- 
 bert Rankin. is. 6d. 
 
 The Art and Practice of Laun- 
 dry-Work. For Students and 
 Teachers. By Margaret Cuthbert 
 Rankin. 2s. 6d. 
 
 Blackie's Domestic Economy 
 Readers. The lessons provide 
 a complete course of practical in- 
 struction in all the branches of 
 housekeeping. In 8 numbers. 
 Fully Illustrated. 
 
 [L,ist on Application. 
 
 The Care of the Baby. By Mrs. 
 Crighton Davies. $d. 
 
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OP 25 CENTS 
 
 WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN 
 THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH 
 DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY 
 OVERDUE. 
 
 161236 
 
 NCV 1 
 
 D 
 
YA OP353 
 
 197484