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 A^gl'iaton ("the best") shorthand. 
 
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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 &061 •a - m m I 
 7?I^D 'aoppojg ,
 
 ARI5T0S « 
 
 ("THE BEST-) DAii <AS J T£XAS 
 
 SHORTHAND 
 
 A. JANE5, 
 
 For 25 years a Parliamentary Reporter. 
 
 FULLY EXPLAINED AND COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 " Aristos " combines in an exceptional degree the qualities 
 
 of ease in learning, facility in writing, legibility, and brevity. 
 
 Tli is Manual contains the complete Corresponding Style, 
 
 which is equal to an ordinary reporting speed. 
 
 SECOND EDITION 
 
 ONE SHILLING NET. 
 
 London : A. Janes, 5, Crofton Road, Camberwell, S.E. 
 I Entered at Stationers' Hatt.]
 
 ARI5T05 
 
 ("THE BEST") L.. 
 
 SHORTHAND 
 
 A. JANES, 
 
 For 25 years a Parliamentary Reportei 
 
 FULLY EXPLAINED AND COPIOUSLY ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 '• Aristos " combines in an exceptional degree the qualities 
 
 of ease in learning, facility in writing, legibility, and brevity. 
 
 This Manual contains the complete Corresponding -Style, 
 
 which is equal to an ordinary reporting speed. 
 
 SECOND EDITION 
 
 ONE SHILLING NET. 
 
 London : A. Janes, 5, (Jkofion Road, Camberwell, S.E. 
 I Entered at Stationery Hall. 1
 
 TARRANT & CO., LTD., 
 
 Printers, 
 
 108 and 110, CamberWell Road, 
 
 London, S.E.
 
 -~\ 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 To the Edition of 1901. 
 
 GEOMETRICAL Shorthand may be divided into two classes. In 
 the one class, a small circle stands tor a given letter, as in 
 the systems of Mason-Gurney (1672- 1 750), J. H. Lewis(i8i5), 
 and Isaac Pitman (1837). In the other class, a small circle forms 
 part of a shorthand sign, hence called compound or " looped," 
 as in the systems of John Byrom (1767), W. Mavor (17S0), and 
 Samuel Taylor (1786). Taylor had a genius for simplicity, and 
 he reduced this style of stenography to its barest form — scarcely 
 more than an alphabet ; but his selection of the characters was 
 n so good, in the main, that his system has always been popular 
 *£ where known, and it is well represented in the shorthand writing 
 profession in London. Nature does not furnish a sufficient number 
 -1, of simple geometrical characters for a complete consonant alphabet ; 
 ws and when the quarters of the circle (which are unfit for the purpose 
 — of joining) are passed over, the number of simple signs left is very 
 inadequate. Of the two classes of shorthand, the Author, whose 
 acquaintance with various systems extends over many years, holds 
 ?*■ that the Taylorian method is the better. In 1882 he published, 
 © under the title of " Standard Stenography," an improvement or 
 JE extension of Taylor's plan. 
 
 A recommendation by William Harding (1823), one of the 
 
 many adaptors of Taylor's system, that the sign for F should be 
 
 j made thick to represent V, gave to Isaac Pitman the idea of mark - 
 
 P ing in this way the l< phonetic pairs." This device increased the 
 
 H stock of signs, but as Pitman did not adopt looped characters, he 
 
 was obliged, from paucity of material, to employ the quarters of 
 
 the circle, which Taylor had rejected. 
 
 In 18S5, the present Author published a system in which, 
 for the first time, thick and thin signs for phonetic pairs were 
 combined with looped characters. In this way the stock of 
 shorthand material was again increased, and the consonant alphabet
 
 which resulted was copious and complete. This system was 
 improved in subsequent editions, and under the name of " Short- 
 hand Without Complications " it has met with considerable favour. 
 
 Nevertheless, the Author, after several years' experience of 
 this method, is convinced that thick and thin phonetic pairing is 
 a structural mistake, while it hampers the hand and is an obstacle 
 to legibility. It is a structural mistake, because a sign which is 
 proper to the importance of one consonant may not be at all pro- 
 portioned to the importance of the consonant with which it is 
 paired. The two are " unequally yoked." He has therefore 
 composed, on Taylorian lines, a system in which all his long and 
 varied experience has had part, either as to what is given or 
 as to what is omitted. Phonetic theories are discarded, and the 
 only considerations entertained are, legibility and facility of writing. 
 In the belief of the Author, " Aristos Shorthand " will be more 
 easily learnt, written, and read than any other system now 
 before the public. lie has always written a system himself 
 before asking others to adopt it, and lie gives the same proof of 
 good faith now. Whatever judgment be passed upon his 
 final stenographic w^ork, he thinks he may claim that this is the 
 only shorthand system which has been produced after more than 
 fort}' years spent in the practice of the art. 
 

 
 ARISTOS 
 
 (" THE BEST ") 
 
 SHORTHAND 
 
 Shorthand Spelling. 
 
 i. The first rule to notice is, that silent and unnecessary letters are not 
 written, as GH in "though,'" D in "adjourn," T in ''catch," I> in "lamb." C in 
 "excel," P and L in "Psalm." W in ''who," and a final W as in "blow.' 
 Put D before G. as in "badge, bridge, lodge," maybe written when the outline 
 without the D would represent another word. W between two vowels, as in 
 "tower,'" is written. II with W, as in "what," is omitted. When W is 
 pronounced, though it is not in the spelling, as in "persuade,"' it should be 
 written. So, V may be written when pronounced medially, as in " bunion, 
 million," but this is optional. 
 
 2. Y is to be written tor !' or EU initially, when pronounced YU, as in 
 " union, Europe." 
 
 3. There is no shorthand C ; that letter is represented by K or S, according 
 to sound. When O is pronounced K, as in " chequer, conquer,' lv is written. 
 The shorthand O stands for the sound of OTJ (K.W in ordinary spelling. 
 
 4. When (ill and PH are prom 
 
 jd F, F is written. 
 
 v The ('II character is used for the sound heard in "much," and whenever 
 CI! is pronounced SII or Iv, the SII or K sign is written. So, when S, C, or T 
 is pronounced SII, the SII sign is used, as in "sugar, sure, assure, initial, 
 conscience, patience, associate."' As the same sign represents the sound of /I I, 
 it is written in " azure, leisure, measure, pleasure, treasure. 
 
 (>. When the letters " ed," as in " worked, h 
 written. 
 
 are pronounc 
 
 ed T, T 
 
 7. X as the first letter of a word is pronounced Z, and X is written ; in all 
 other cases in which X is in the spelling, the shorthand sign is used, anj it is 
 alsci used when the sound of X is heard at the beginning ol a ^ word, as in 
 i ' accident ' (xdnt). 
 
 \ A nasal sound heard at the opening ot a word, as in " ink, anchor, angle 
 angry,"" requires the sign for the nasal NG to be written, and that sign may also 
 be used whenever the nasal sound is heard, as in " hungry-, linger, bark, timet ion,
 
 sanction, <x:c." G or K following the nasal sign may often be omitted. When K 
 follows a nasal sound after L or E, as in " lank, link, rank, trunk," it is more 
 convenient to write N, K. and not to use the nasal sign. 
 
 9. Subject to the rule laid down in '• An Opening Vowel Indicated,'' and to 
 the list of words represented by the second forms of looped signs, the first 
 form of a looped character is to be written when it is the first consonant 
 in a word. A double consonant in the spelling, pronounced as one, is to 
 be written only once, except that it is sometimes desirable, as a means 
 of distinguishing words which would otherwise have the same outlines, to write 
 D. F, R, S and T double length when they are doubled in the spelling. In this 
 respect, the most important character to be doubled is R. 
 
 10. When a letter represented by a looped character is repeated ar.d 
 separately sounded, as in " leal, paper, memory," the character must be written 
 twice. A letter represent* d by a simple curve, when repeated ana separately 
 soune'ed, must be written twice if no other consonant precede it, as in " babe, 
 cake, anonymous," but a double-length curve may be made in other cases, as in 
 '■ peacock, renown.'' 
 
 11. The signs for A, E, I, O, I", OO, are used both for the long and the short 
 sounds, however expressed in spelling, heard in the words " late, iat ; mete, met ; 
 fight, lit ; ccat, cot; mute, hut; boot, book " ; and also the sounds befi re K in 
 "air, ear, ire, ore, or, ure. oor." I represents a final Y (other than in " ly, ty,") 
 as in "busy, mercy." When W, coming between two vowels, is written, no 
 vowel sign need be expressed. 
 
 12. While learning, the signs for A, E, I, O, U, OO, which require to be 
 shown are : — Initial ar.d final vowels, long or short ; medial vowels when loi g ; 
 I in " es, ies," as in "places, mercies " (but net in the teiminaticn "ti<-s"). In 
 monosyllables, however, a short medial vowel may sometimes be useful. I lie- 
 other vowel signs are written according to sound. 
 
 Consonant Signs. 
 
 1 3. The following is the alphabet of consonant signs : — 
 
 B 
 
 "N 
 
 I) 
 
 / 
 
 E, V 
 
 \ 
 
 G. J 
 
 o s 
 
 II 
 
 9 
 / 
 
 K 
 
 
 I, 
 
 
 
 \V 
 
 cr-N ^ 
 
 ; WK 6 " 
 
 
 X 
 
 c — 
 
 ! WX 9 
 
 
 V 
 
 n y 
 
 
 tary 
 
 S ' I 
 
 I 
 
 1 L 7 
 
 / 
 
 
 TH 
 
 1 
 
 j PL 
 
 
 A ' ; 
 
 !K 
 
 1 
 i bTR i 
 
 
 Note.— The NO sign is for the nasal sound heard in "song" (see paragraph's). 
 It is not to be used for the termination "ing,'' which is otherwise provided for.
 
 How to Join these Characters. 
 
 14. D is written downwards ; R, upward.-. When D stands by itself, it is 
 well to make it thick for greater distinction. The joining of the simple strokes 
 
 and curves needs no explanation. 
 
 15. The rule for the joining of the looped signs is, that the loop must fall 
 inside a curve and outside an angle, as :•— 
 
 . 9-J <?( J{ 
 
 y\ 
 
 16. When the TH sign follows L, N (or similar curve), or R, the hook is 
 omitted, because o'; the inc invenience of making it alter those c'lara ters, and the 
 stroke -which is T — is written through the L, X or R. No confusion can be 
 caused by tin's, as T is never struck through those characters for any other 
 purpose. The shorthand of the following words will be found at the end of the 
 book in Appendix A : — 
 
 beneath cloth earth month ninth truth 
 
 breath Corinthian health plinth stealth wealth. 
 
 17. Tl form of Y to ined to a simple stroke is that which can be 
 written without making a hook. in joining to curve--, the more convenient 
 form i- to be chosen. 
 
 iS. M .and X before K may, in the following and similar cases, be expressed 
 ;y leavii g out the -Mole/, the exceptional position of the loop or hook being a 
 ■ufliXe: t indication of the leit< r (Appendix Hj : — 
 
 < ni ii ic mimic 
 
 .-macK excuse. 
 
 Some thinu similar happens when B follows (X, as in " !gb, ngb rgb/ 
 
 Use of the Supplementary Signs. 
 
 Hi. '1 hi -c X .::- ;:re to be ; ' when the Itt'ei - 1 L, 1 I., 
 
 ,\cr, Hock, plac.trd, plunder, straight, stream, stu et. stride. 1 
 i- optional to n.-i t: < 1,1 in o.htr cases, provided a Ions; vowel is not sour. a 
 betwi en them. Hence, they should not be written in " fail, iei 1, tile, ] a ; 
 pile, pel , star, start, >to:m.' It is recommended to use !' and J., iu.-.cad ui th 
 1 'I- si. 11, ill "spell " and vei i.>.- endii g in " pel,' us " impel. 
 
 20. The 1 1. X'.'-n is never to be iim d lor VL.
 
 Words Represented by Consonant Characters 
 
 21. These characters represent words in three positions. The first position is 
 above the line ; the second is on the line for a horizontal character, through the 
 line if other than horizontal; the third is below the line. It is intended that a 
 character in the first or third position shall be clear of the central position, which 
 is the normal writing line, on which all words that are not allotted to another 
 position are to be placed. 
 
 22. The following are the words which the consonant signs represent. The 
 positions are indicated by the figures I. 2, 3. It should be noted that the first 
 form of a looped letter, and of Y, is here intended. Here, and elsewhere, when 
 
 a character stands for more than one word in the same position, such words are 
 separated by a semi-colon from words in other positions : — 
 
 B about 1 ; be, been, but 2 ; by, buy 3 \Y which 1. would 2, when 3 
 
 I) danger 1, do 2 ; did, during 3 X accept, extraordinary 1 ; except 2 ; 
 
 F far, for 1 ; have, of 2 ; if 3 expect, next 3 
 
 (! general I ; go, good 2 ; great 3 Y yes 1, you 2. yet 3 
 
 11 habit 1 ; has, him, his 2 : help 3 CH change I, much 2, such 3 
 
 K. can, case I ; could 2, character 3 .-! I ash, snail I ; she, should 2 ; issue j 
 
 L always I : all, eli 2; little 3 Til they I, that 2. them 3 
 
 ~M more I ; may, among, me 2 ; my 3 XG along 1, long 2, length-en 3 
 
 X in, interest 1 ; not 2, on 3 V\"K work 1 ; wake, weak, week 2 ; 
 
 P up 1, upon 2 ; practice, practical 3 wicked 3 
 
 O acquaint-ance I ; question, quite 2 ; \YX once 1 ; one, win, won 2 ; 
 
 quarter 3 w nder-ful 3 
 
 R are 1 ; hour, our 2 ; or 3 IT, fall I ; fell, fill 2 ; full 3 
 
 S as 1 ; is, sense, sent 2 ; so, us 3 PI. place 1 ; pill, pull 2; political 3 
 
 T at 1, it 2 : to, too 3 STR instruct-ion r, strong 2. 
 
 nrength-en 3 
 
 Xote. — G 2 in this list stands for ''good" as an adjective, run! GDS must be 
 written for " goods." 
 
 23. The second forms of looped signs, and the second form of Y. represent 
 the following words : — 
 
 G again 1 ; age, ago, edge, egg 2; P oppress-ion 1, perhaps 2, purpose 3 
 
 against, judge 3 \Y whether I, with 2 
 11 hypocrisy I, her 2, hypocrite 3 Y beyond I, your 2, yesterday 3 
 
 I. well 1, will 2 ; ill, while 3 XG belong 1, prolong-ation 3 
 
 M amendment 1 ; immense, moment 2 ; 1 
 movement 3 
 
 24. It is important that these words, in their proper order, be committed 
 to memory, so that the position of any one of them can be immediately brought to 
 mind. Tiie .arrangement here set forth, answers, in this system, to the multipli- 
 cation table in arithmetic, in the sense that it is necessary to learn it by heart, 
 that it is constantly being used, and that it becomes familiar by practice.
 
 
 ■ 
 
 Note. — When one of the foregoing positional words undergoes modification 
 the necessary characters must be written to the sign for the word. For example 
 N above the line standing for " interest," S must be joined to it for "interests, 
 and D for " interested." NND above the line would therefore mean " uninte 
 rested." This instruction applies all through the book, and need not be furthe 
 set forth. 
 
 Phrase Outlines. 
 
 25. We now come to a method of the utmost value for ease, brevity, am 
 legibility — namely, the joining together of consonant signs to represent manj 
 phrases in common use formed of some of the words given in the foregoing list 
 The rule for this is a very simple cue: — Write in its proper position the sign foi 
 the first word of a phrase, and add the sign or signs for the other word or word; 
 according to the rule for joining. 
 
 26. Thus, for " about which,'' write B above the line, and join to it the fits 
 form of W. 'lie same outline in the second position would mean " but which ' 
 or " but would," and in the third position, "by which." And so with TW foi 
 "at which 1, it would 2, to which 3." Similarly. NW (second form of W) stanc 
 for " in which " in the first position, ''not with'' in the second, and "on which' 
 in the third. It will be seen that the first character of the outline gives the kej 
 to the phrase. 
 
 27. There are two or three exceptions to the rule just laid clown. The 
 words " general, g( od, great,'' are ail adjectives, and therefore G cannot be user 
 for them in common when it follows another letter. Consequently, with one 
 exception, G, in a phrase outline, stands only for the word which it wcuic 
 represent in tb< position used if it stood alone. 'J lie exception is the ven 
 corrmon r brase " as good." SG at ove lie line should mean " as genera!,'' bu 
 it is tn be written tor " as good "' (and. by arah gv, SGS for " as gc< d as ") ; anc 
 "as general " must he expressed by the separate characters S G. "As great" i; 
 to be written by Si G3, separately ; but "gi eat as " may be shown by GS3 
 "In great" raid "on general" must be expressed by N G separately, in tin 
 respective positions, but " in general" and "on great"' are shown by XG joined 
 in the position of the first word, The combination SL is appropriated to "a: 
 well' iu the first position, and to "so well " in the third ; and the vvc ids "a. 1 
 little." "so little'' mu.-t be expressed by sepatate letters. TG below '. lie hot 
 stand for " to go, " and TG are written separately for ''to judge." V, standini 
 for "you,"' as the first word in a phrase, before a verb, is written in thepositioi 
 of the verb to which it is joined. Altera verb or a prepositii n, eitl er term 
 Y may ! e i:-m1, according to convenience of joining, both for "you" and "your.' 
 
 2>S. When "her" is not the first word in the outline, I1R (for "hers." I IRS, 
 should be written. "Must,'' in phrases, may often be represented by .MS. 
 
 29. A few examples of phrase outlines will make the general method quite 
 clear. The outlines should be copied on ruled paper in the proper position foi 
 each phi ase. Tin- figures indicate: the positions in which the outlines n.u.-t I. 
 begun. In " whii h has, which had " the second fr rm ol \V is the' more convt nit nt 
 (Appendix ('.
 
 can be 1. could be 2 upon which 
 would be 2 
 
 you can I, you ! little more 3 
 could 2 
 for which 1, of ' are you-r 1 ; with her 2 
 
 will be 2 
 may be 2 
 must be 2 
 
 which will 1 
 
 with which 2 
 
 which 2 
 against which j 
 
 against you-r 3 
 
 against them 2 
 
 you are 1 
 
 the3' are I 
 they would I, that 
 which-would 2 
 next week t, 
 
 in you-r I, not in that I, not that 
 
 you-r 2, on : 2, on that 3 
 you-r 3 
 
 general work I, in length I, not I with that 2, with 
 
 ^od work 2, 
 great work ; 
 work which I 
 
 lot . 
 has been 2 
 has had 2 
 
 which would 1. danger which 1, i have had 2 
 
 when would 3 during which 3 
 
 which has I, with do you-r 2, did it will be 2 
 
 him-his 2 you-r 3 
 
 within which 2 you do 2, you did 3 it will have 2 
 
 without which 2 can you-r I, could they will have I, 
 
 you-r 2 that will have 2 
 
 (Join S to add "as" to the last four phrases.) 
 
 30. To write a phrase outline in the negative, join X in the outline in the 
 place where "not : ' is in the phrase, as TLNB, '' it will not be. " 
 
 them 3 
 
 as far 1 , so far 3 
 
 as long 1, so 
 
 as much 1, so 
 
 much 3 
 as well 1, so 
 well 3 
 
 Double-length Characters. 
 
 31. .Simple strokes or curves made double the ordinary length represent the 
 following words : — 
 
 Double B, probable | Double N, announce-ment 1; none, 
 
 ki:i nvn, 2 ; opinion ^ 
 „ D, add, odd 
 
 S, says 1 ; sees, seas, seize 2; 
 ,, F, off assize, sighs, size 3 
 
 K, account I, communicate- 
 tion 2, correct-ion 3 
 
 CH, church 
 
 32. The words " be able," in a phrase-outline, as in " would be able, should 
 not be able." are indicated by a double-length B, joined. 
 
 The Vowels. 
 
 ^3. A, E, I, are shown by a dot in three positions along the line of a 
 consonant, from the commencement, as : —
 
 54- A dot by itself above the line stands for "a, an, and"; on the line, for 
 " he, the" ; below the line, for " I, aye, eye." 
 
 35. The remaining vowel marks, which (except those for AH and ER) may 
 be joined to consonants when convenient, have no positions answering to the 
 three places of the dot. 
 
 36. O is a short tick from right to left. Detached, it is made downwards ; if 
 joined to a consonant, it may be written upwards or downwards. When standing 
 by itself for " O, oh, owe,'' this tick should be thickened, so as not to appear like 
 the tick for " of the " (which see). 
 
 37. U, LU, or E\V, is a short tick from left to right. 
 
 38. Detached vowel signs are read before or after consonants by the following 
 rule : —Before, they are placed over horizontal characters ; on the left side of other 
 characters. After, they are placed under horizontal characters ; on the right side 
 of other characters. 
 
 39. A joined vowel sign is written in its proper place in the spelling of the 
 
 40. If it be desired to express two vowels which come together, the first, 
 should it have a position, is written in its proper place, and the oilier is made 
 beside it without regard to position. 
 
 41. The following vowel signs represent the words placed beside them : — 
 
 AH - ah ! OO + who 
 
 At' c awe, aught, ought, ought to OW y however I, how 2, now 
 
 OI a employment 1 ER, IR, L i\ 1 
 
 i'he AI" mark must not be joined to S so as to form a I100K. 
 
 4.'. in the following words, all the rules concerning vowels are illustrated 
 
 (Appendix D) : — 
 
 ace 
 
 
 crow 
 
 own 
 
 
 ought not to be 
 
 who would 
 u knever 
 
 --:■' 
 
 male 
 
 cr< \\ s 
 
 row (0) 
 
 
 ought not to have 
 
 whosoever 
 
 ■rase 
 
 meal 
 
 home 
 
 low.- 0) 
 
 
 ought to be able 
 
 out 
 
 see 
 
 mile 
 
 although 
 
 feudal 
 
 
 ought not to be able 
 
 plough 
 
 ice 
 
 axe 
 
 no-know 
 
 few 
 
 
 boy 
 
 row ( ow) 
 
 sigh 
 
 ( liaise 
 
 knows 
 
 new 
 
 
 in iise 
 
 rows ow) 
 
 aid 
 
 flee 
 
 obey 
 
 calm 
 
 
 toy 
 
 turn 
 
 day 
 
 plea 
 
 often 
 
 half 
 
 
 voice 
 
 twirl 
 
 brief 
 
 below 
 
 oh 
 
 brought 
 
 
 who's-who is (whosi 
 
 lis) 
 
 idea 
 
 lee 
 
 coach 
 
 over 
 
 oiigh; to 
 
 be 
 
 who nre 
 
 oasis 
 
 I'd 
 
 coal 
 
 . wed 
 
 ought to 
 
 have 
 

 
 An Opening Vowel Indicated. 
 
 43. The rules under this heading have an important bearing on the di'Yeren- 
 tialion ot' many words. 
 
 44. 'the second form for G, I., M, or P is to be written initially instead of 
 the first form when a word, not being a monosyllable, begins with a vowel 
 followed by double G, L, M, or P. and also when a word begins with a vowel 
 followed by a single G or J (or by D.I). 
 
 45- When the consonant which is doubled, with an opening vowel bet'i re it, 
 is represented by a simple stroke or curve, the stroke or curve is doubled in 
 length. SC in "ascend" are treated a;; double S. 
 
 46. The following words illustrate these directions (Appendix 1".) : - 
 
 adder ; appear j ascend I agree adjourn immaterial 
 
 affirm j appoint assail ajar aggrieve j immature 
 
 aflix approach | acclaim eager illegal | immeasurable 
 
 47. When X or the nasal XG sign is the first character written, a pn ceiling 
 vowel is necessarily implied. 
 
 The T Hook. 
 
 45. A hook within a curve means T. Tins hook sometimes enables '■ it '' to 
 
 be added to an outline. Illustrations ot the T hook in curves (Appendix 1 > : - 
 
 tact reached nut tub in it I, on it 3 within it can't I. couldn't J mu<t i't 
 
 fact tin chat touch with it worked I, waked 2 wouldn't won't, wont 
 
 49. " Into 1, unto 3." are written with the stroke T, to which, a T hook can be 
 added for " into it I, unto it 3." 
 
 50. When a word which in the singular might take a T hook, like " fact, 
 event,' becomes a plural, as " facts, events,'' the stroke "1 must of in cessity 
 be used. 
 
 51. There are no T hooks before strokes. After a stroke, a Ik ok o\\ the under 
 side of a horizontal character, or on the right side of an up or a down sign, 
 represents T. A T hook may sometimes be added to a stroke for "it"; and in 
 tour cases — "as to, so as to, in regard to. with regard to" it is used to add "to." 
 ( Appendix G.) 
 
 best might immediate quit indebted 1, as it is I, so it is 3 
 
 undoubted 2 
 tests exit let was it, west motive as it, as to I 
 
 sit, is it strongest flat will it most so as to 3 
 
 ditto shut get debt I, doubt 2. plot without it 
 
 did it 3 
 
 52. When T follows P, T, TH, STR, it is generally more convenient to write 
 the stroke T (that is, to lengthen the stroke) than to make a In ok.
 
 The T> Hook. 
 
 ^3. There are no D hooks to curves, or before strokes. But a hook on the 
 upper side alter a horizontal stroke, or on the left side after an up or a down, stroke, 
 represents L>. It is to be noted that in very few cases can a sign be added to a I > 
 In. k, so that when a character is to be joined to 1), t lie stroke should be used. 
 Examples of this hook (Appendix H) : — 
 
 accepted 1. excepted 2, expected 3 
 
 instruct 
 
 ed 1 
 
 , strength- 
 
 shod 2. issi 
 
 led 
 
 acquainted 1 , questioned 2. quartered 3 
 
 fe< 1 
 
 
 ened 3 
 
 supplied 
 
 
 feared 
 
 leu 
 
 
 
 tied 
 
 
 breathed 
 
 ir ad 
 
 
 
 urged 3 
 
 
 destroyed 
 
 made 
 
 
 
 willed 
 
 
 sad, .-aid 2 : us< d 3 
 
 paid 
 
 
 
 unpitied 
 
 
 54. It is generally better to write the stroke D after the characters I), II, IT. 
 (that is, to lengthen the stroke) ; but for tin- sake of distinction the 1) hook 
 should be used in the words " added, dead, indeed." 
 
 The F Rule. 
 
 5;. II', FY, are usually written as a double-length F; but after any other 
 downward sign F or V, when followed by an unlooped character, may otten 
 be omitted, the next character being struck from the middle of the sign before 
 F or Y. 'I his peculiar but easy form implies the omission of F cr Y. and avoids 
 awkward joinings. The following are examples (Appendix I) : — 
 
 advanci 1. deafen 2, deiine-divine 3 before haven 1, heaven 2 
 
 adverb behaviour j motives 
 
 advert I, divert 2 behaves ! pulls 
 
 adver.-e :. divers- 2 defer 2, dii'f r 3 relative.- 
 
 advice-advise I , device-devi.-e 2 endeavour 1 strifes-strive- 
 
 for ever 1 i thievi - 
 
 The A Rule 
 
 56. It will be observed that in the examples under the F I' , e v 
 
 beginning with A an;, when tin- outline- stands tor another word, written abovt 
 the- lire. This may he talo n a.- a general hint that when an - ntlii e n pi o.-< nt- 
 tvvo or more words which it is desired to differentiate, and one ol sucn worth- 
 fi-ai; - with A, that word should l.e written in the first po-dtion. Vai ion 
 instance.- ot this will be 1011110 under the heading " Differentiation,'
 
 14 
 
 The S Rule. 
 
 57- 1 he striking of one sign through another implies the omission of S, but 
 a looped sign must never be the intersecting character. 
 
 58. The one exception to this rule is, the striking of T through L, X, R, the 
 second form of W, or the large sign for WW In these cases an intersecting T 
 stands tor TH, as set forth in paragraph 16. 
 
 59. Intersection by X represents "stance, staney, stant, star.tial," in 
 words having those syllables, and consequently " insane " is written above the 
 line, and "unseen" below the line. When, in other words than those in 
 " stance,' &c, a horizontal character comes before S, as in " mason, season," there 
 
 is no need for intersection, the line of the M or S being continued to add S. 
 
 Go. "Answer" is written XSR, in order to distinguish it from "reason," in 
 which X is struck through R. " Reason," again, is placed below the hue, so that 
 the outline shall not clash with that for "distance.'' 
 
 61. These directions are illustrated as follows (Appendix J) :— 
 
 amongst | circumstance-tial substance- fiscal 2, poison 
 
 tial physical 3 
 
 artificer distance-nt cask insane I, in- reason 
 
 stance-nt 2, 
 unseen 3 
 assistance- resistance desk, disc, lesson receive 
 
 ant dusk 
 
 res;- him ve 
 
 The T Rule. 
 
 62. The writing of a character — which must never be a looped one- under 
 a horizontal sign, or under the end of a downward stroke, implies the omission 
 ot T. The following are examples (Appendix K) : — 
 
 acted bigoted 
 
 admitted chatter 
 
 afterwards 1, creditor 
 
 after 2 
 
 better debtor I, flattei 
 
 doubter 2 
 
 excited ' initiative plotted 
 existed invited quitted 
 
 fitted native situate 
 
 ( ibtain 
 
 situated 
 
 might be 
 might have 
 might not be 
 
 might not have 
 
 63. For the sake of distinction from some of these words, the stroke T should 
 be used in "batter, bitter, butter, fatter, fitter, flutter, batten, button, station." 
 
 64. The T Rule provides for " ante, anti," in many cases, and also for " enter, 
 inter, intro," (when the next character is not a looped one or Ri. lint in 
 " anticipate," the rule is not applied, so as to distinguish that word from 
 " intercept,'' in which it is applied. (Appendix L.)
 
 '5 
 
 antecedent I antidote i entertain introducer j interrupt 
 
 antedated I antiquated : interval j introduced anticipate 
 
 antediluvian j antiseptic | introduce j interpret j intercept 
 
 65. S must not be writtten finally under this rule except for the termina- 
 tion " ties." 
 
 The ST Rule. 
 
 66. After I., X (or similar curve), R, the letters ST, when coining or 
 pronounced together, are (except in " lest, list, lost, nest, rest, unrest, arrest " which 
 words take a T hook) to be represented by a double-length T. For this reason, a 
 double-length T is never written after L, >.', K, for any other purpose (Appendix 
 M;:- 
 
 Christian enlist ; Ia*t 1, j monster : restore nearest \ trusted unrestrained 
 
 least 2 j 
 earnest honest j lustre j priest j surest j trust | trustee ! withstand 
 
 Prefixes. 
 
 67. CONTRA, &C. The prefixes " contra, contri, contro, contr, ' are shown 
 by an initial dot in the line of the first character. 
 
 6S. COUNTER. This is shown by a short stroke in the place of the clot. 
 
 69. SELF. This is shown by a small detached circle, written close to the 
 next character, in compound words only. It may blend with a following loop in 
 one large circle. 
 
 70. The following are examples (Appendix X) : — 
 
 contradict contract contrast contrasted contrasting contravene 
 
 contrary contrive counteract 
 
 counterfeit countermine countersign counteivail self-esteem seh-gcverned 
 
 self-heln self-interest seif-wiil 
 
 Terminations. 
 
 71. LY. A fii a] dot in the line of the last character. 
 
 72. TY. A short horizontal stroke, in the piai e of the dot, or under the end 
 'if a horizi >ntal chai acter. 
 
 No'iK. — When Y is added to a word ending in ST, written under the ST 
 Rule, as in " honesty," the I vowel may be placed after the long T, 
 
 73- TIFS. The plural of TY is shewn by S in the place of the TY mark. 
 
 7-1- IMi. A small circle, ins'de a curve, or < n the T hook side i.f a s!r< ke. 
 for two " iiiLrs " two circles are made, heuinnins; on cither side- 1 : [■..<• stroke.
 
 i6 
 
 When "ing"is followed by S, the circle is made larger. For a medial " ing, 
 the N'G sign may be used. 'lag'' may blend with a following loop in one 
 large circle. 
 
 75. SELF, SELVES. A small final circle on the D hook side of a st ; : 
 or inside the second form of V. 
 
 76. LESS. When this termination follows a stroke, it is expressed by a 
 small circle on the 1) hook side. After a curve, the circle is detached. In the 
 few words in which" less" follows '' ing "' after a stroke, the i; ing " is omitted, 
 and the •' less " circle is made large. 
 
 77- OUS. A long loop inside a curve, or on the T hook side of a stroke, 
 " Ous " includes "us"' and "ions." The pronoun ''us'' may often be thus 
 expressed. This loop, on the I) hook side of a horizontal stroke, means " rous, 
 rious," or " cious, tious." On the D hook side of an up or a down stroke, it 
 means "cious, ceous, tious." After a curve, "cious"' is represented by SH and 
 the " ous " loop. 
 
 78. TION, etc. Tion, sion. cean (in " ocean '), cion, and cian, are shown 
 by (_J < which may be written in the line of D, T, or F. The D slope is the 1 
 generally convenient, and the sign standing alone, is made so, and represents 
 " nation-al I, notion 2, passion 3." Tin's sign takes T and 1) hooks and the " ing " 
 and ''less'' circles. In long words, "tion" may often be omitted. In "confession, 
 cushion, fashion profession," the SH character should be written, to distinguish 
 them from "confusion, caution, vision, profusion,'' respectively; the second 
 and third of those words require SH and X ; in the first and last, the X may be 
 omitted, the detached prefix giving the clue. 
 
 79. The following examples of the terminations will be found i 
 Appendix O : — 
 
 Badly 2, bodily 3; finely, fin illv 3 : generally I, g~o i y -\ greatly ^ : h 
 heartily, haughtily, hotly, immensely, madly, nationally 1, stupidly. 
 
 Amity I, empty 2, might}' 3; city, duty, ditty, nationality 1, party, pretty, 
 society. 
 
 Cities, duties, ditties, parties, societies. 
 
 Dining, doing; ending 2, needing 3: undoing, going, saying, sneaking 
 writing, petitioning, cautioning, questioning; -ing 2, using 3: singing, sings, 
 ring, ringing, rings, fling, flinging, flings, king, kings, cliugi; g, clanging, winged, 
 Wellington, eating-house, boarding-house, lodging-house. 
 
 Herself, himself, itself, myself 3, themselves 3, thyself, yourself-ves. 
 
 Careless, changeless I : endless 2, needless 3; far- for less 1, have-of less 2, 
 if less 3; fearless, hapless, hopeless, joyless; lawless 2, little less 3: lifeless 2, 
 loveless 3 ; motionless, no less, passionless 3, pitiless, reckless ; senseless 2, 
 useless 3 ; ringless, springlcss, 
 
 About us 1, by us 3 ; at us 1, to us 3 ; animus, numerous, bilious, curious ; 
 for us 1, have us-of us 2 ; in us 1, on us 3 ; upon us-pious, joyous, onus, omnibus, 
 omnibuses, 'bus, 'buses, with us, precious, facetious, humorous, seditious, litigi 
 plus, cautii ins.
 
 i7 
 
 Absolution, decision, mention, privation, occasion, ocean, musician, physician, 
 position, possession, petitions, petitioned, passionate 3, passionless 3; motioned 2, 
 impassioned 3; cautioned, confession, cushion, fashion, profession. 
 
 Ticks for " Of The," &e. 
 
 So. A tick from right to left represents, when above the line, " at the " or 
 " at it " ; cm the line, " of the'' or •' of it " ; below the line, " to the " or " to it.'' 
 
 Si. A tick from left to right represents, when above the line, ''for the" 
 or "for it"; on the line "from the" or "from it"; below the line, "if the" 
 or ' if it." 
 
 82. These ticks always stand by themselves. 
 
 S3. Examples isee Appendix F) :— Go to the window and call for the police. 
 Tbe news of the day. Far from the madding crowd. If the letter were written, 
 it would be sent to the post. I heard of it at the moment of writing. If it were 
 only true! Go to it. Look at it. Far from it. Go and look tor it. What do 
 you think of it '.' 
 
 84. The sense ol a passage prevents confusion as to whether a tick should 
 hi- read with " it " or with " the.'' 
 
 Syllabic Use of Alphabetical Characters. 
 
 S3, Seveial alphabetical characters stand for syllables, as prefixes or as 
 terminations. In the following lists, the asterisk means that the character is 
 joined, the unmarked letters being detached. It may be noted that sometimes in 
 expressing a termination, another character is left as it repi csentiii"- a prefix 
 But no risk is thereby run. In " request, recencjuest," a possible confusion js 
 guarded against by difference of outline. 
 
 Prefixes. 
 
 1 ), des, dis T, trans 
 
 •II (second form), hypo X, extra 
 
 II (second form), hyper DK, discom, discon ; below the line, 
 Is, con; when below the line, coun, discoun (except in "discount") 
 
 but not in words beginning with Double If, the lettt rs PR1; ; ..t the 
 "counter" beginning of words 
 
 JM, magni Double K", a< com 
 
 .\, encoun, ineom, incon, incan, uncom, Double X, non (in compi unci words 
 uncon except "nonsense"), noncom| 
 
 I', pre, pro noncon 
 
 R, recog, recom, recon Double R, irrecon 
 S, circum, separ, super 
 
 S6. D. K and P should not be detached w hen the next character is looped 
 hut US, KX, PR, should be written on to the loop. It will be obseived that the 
 detached K does not represent "com," for which KM are written, not detached.
 
 i8 
 
 87. K for "coun " cannot be employed in "count, counted, counting.'' 
 Note. — In "abstinence-nt, business, obscure,'' the S after B maj- be omitted 
 
 8S. The following examples of prefixes are shown in Appendix O : — 
 Abstinence, desert, disdain, desire, desperate, disturb, hypercritical, conceit, 
 confess, council 3 ; continence 2, countenance 3 ; counter 3, encounter, incon- 
 siderate, uncommon, communion, obscure, predict, produce, prejudice, recognise, 
 recommend, reconsider, circumference, separation, separate, separated, supersti- 
 tion, discomfort, discontent, discountenance 3, transact-ion, transacted, transient, 
 transition, transport, barbarous, accommodation, accomplice, accomplish, non- 
 commissioned, uon sequitur. unreconciled. 
 
 Terminations. 
 
 *B, ble 
 
 
 ' ;! *0, quire-y (except in 
 
 " acquire. 
 
 D, tude 
 
 
 quire ") 
 
 
 F, ful 
 
 
 0, quest 
 
 
 K, spect-ion 
 
 
 RV, serve 
 
 
 * ;; "M, ment 
 
 
 S, cence, cent, sense, sent 
 
 (add vowel 
 
 ~"'1\, ance, enee (not in 
 
 " stance "') ; 
 
 for " cency ") 
 
 
 add I in " ancy, ency'' 
 
 
 STR, struct-ion 
 
 
 N, ness 
 
 
 T, test, tist 
 
 
 P, pensate, pensation 
 
 
 X. text 
 
 
 " ;; "P, ship 
 
 
 Double V, servative 
 
 
 89. B for "ble' : should have more than one character before it, unless the 
 one character be double-length. The B may intersect a character when S pre- 
 cedes the termination, as in " invincible." For " bility,'' the TY mark is written 
 under B. When T precedes the termination " tude," as in "multitude,'' it may 
 be omitted. In most words ending in "fulness," the syllable "ful'' may be 
 omitted: but in " cheerfulness, hopefulness, joyfulness, rightfulness," it must be 
 expressed, as otherwise the outlines would represent " cheeriness, happiness, 
 goodness, Tightness," respectively. When, however, "ful" is not the last syllable, 
 it is not strictly a termination, and then, if it need to be written, the FL sign, joined 
 to the preceding character, can be employed. " Destruction " is shewn by the 
 form for "destroy" (D-STR). When "ted," as a final syllable, follows L or R, 
 it must be represented by a stroke T and a 1) hook ; after N, either this method 
 or D under the X is optional, 
 
 00. The following examples of terminations are given in Appendix R : — 
 Reasonable 3, unreasonable 3, inflexible, irreconcilable, sensible, sensibility ; 
 separable 2, superable 3 ; inseparable 2, insuperable 3. Disquietude, gratitude, 
 magnitude, multitude, solitude. Artful I, thoughtful, fearful, playful, Fulfilment, 
 regiment, regimental. Reliance, abundance, admittance, influence. Business, 
 plainness, nearness, narrowness, littleness 3, artfulness I, bashfulness. cheerful- 
 ness, faithfulness, forgetfulness, hopefulness, joyfulness, lawfulness, playfulness, 
 rightfulness, sinfulness, thankfulness, thoughti'ulness, truthfulness, usefulness, 
 watchfulness; wilfulness 2, illness 3; youthfulness. Compensate-tion, dispensa- 
 tion. Apprenticeship, kingship, partnership, warship (warp). Inquire-}-, 
 require. Bequest, conquest, request, reconquest. Observe-ation, conserve, 
 conservation, preserve, preservation. Jnnocence-nt, magnificence-nt, pre- 
 sence-nt, decent-dissent, decency, recent. Construct-ion, destroy-destruction, 
 destructive, reconstruct-ion. Artist, artistic, stoutest, protest, contest, conteste 
 Context, pretext. Conservative, preservative.
 
 19 
 Differentiation. 
 
 91. To " differentiate " is to distinguish one word from another when the 
 consonants are the same tor both. Most words are differentiated by the obvious 
 meaning ; and it may be taken as a rule that words which are not the same parts 
 ot speech will not be confounded, though the outline be the same. But nouns 
 must sometimes be distinguished from nouns, verbs from verbs, adjectives from 
 adjectives. This may be done (a) by means of a vowel ; (6) by difference of form, 
 where there is a letter which can be expressed in two ways ; or (c) by difference 
 of position. 
 
 92. The following are some examples of variation of form, or distinction lyy 
 means of a vowel (Appendix S) : — 
 
 Affair, oiler ; art I, right. Contain, continue ; creator, creature. Damnation, 
 domination ; dull. dual. Explosion, expulsion ; eventually, faintly. Fallible, 
 valuable; fort, virtue. Gelatinous, glutinous; goodly, jolly. Holy, wholly 
 (highly). Impassable, impossible ; impostor, imposture : infallible, invaluable. 
 Later, latter 1 ; leal, loyal; lifelong, livelong. Mistake, mistook. Orator, writer; 
 officious, vivacious. Passable, possible; plague, pillage. Real, royal; retreat 
 retort ; righteous, riotous. Same-seem, some-sum ; shame, sham ; similar, 
 smaller; situated, stated; situation, station; sold, solid; sport, support ; stable. 
 suitable. Take, took; taught-taut, tight; teach, touch; top, type; tub, tube. 
 Veracious, ferocious ; vision, fusion ; voluntary-, volunteer. Walk; work 1, wake 2. 
 
 93. It may here be mentioned that when a word ends in " lure " the stroke T 
 should be used. 
 
 94. Position is a good method of differentiation when vowels are not used. 
 and to fix the positions in the memory the order should, as far as is practicable, 
 be alphabetical ; as (see Appendix T) : — 
 
 Acceptation I, exception 2, expectation 3 (accession 2) ; act I, caught 2, cut 3; 
 action 1, caution 2, compassion 3; admonition i, dimension 2, diminution 3; 
 adulation I, delusion 2 ; advisable 1. defeasible 2, divisible 3 ; arch 1, rich, 2; 
 agency I, agony 2; allusion i, illusion 2; another 1, neither 2; apposite I, 
 opposite 2; apposition 1, opposition 2; appal I, appeal 2, apply 3; argue I, 
 rage 2, urge 3 ; arisen I, ristn 2, reason 3 ; arms 1, rooms 2; ait I, rot 2, root 3 ; 
 ask 1, seek 2; available I, valuable 2, voluble 3; avaricious 1, veracious 2, 
 voracit us 3 ; average 1 ; avoid 1, evade 2. Pad 2, body 3 ; believed 2, belov< d 3 ; 
 bland ;, blend 2, blind 3. Call 2, kill 3; conciliate I, consult 2. Duality 2, 
 ideality 3 ; dull 2, ideal 3. F.aily 1, really 2; earn 1, run 2, ruin 3; earth 2, 
 wrath 3 ; end 2, need 3; endless 2, needless 3; exact I, execute 2; exaction 1, 
 execution 2; exaltation 2, exultation 3; expand 1, expend 2, expound 3; 
 expanse I, expense 2. Faction I, fiction 2 ; factitious I, fictitious 2; fast 1, 
 feast 2, va.-t-visil 3; favour 1, fever 2; feature I, future 2; flatter 2, flutter 3. 
 G ■ 1, gig 2, jig 3; gain 2, join 3; gaunt 1, joint 3; gently 2, jointly 3; 
 ghastly 1, ghostly 2. Inability 1, nobility 2 ; inequity I, iniquity 2; ingenious 1. 
 ingenuous 2 ; island 3. Latter 1, letter 2, litter 3; laugh 1, leave-live 2, love 3 ; 
 Iifele.-s2, loveless 3; lively 2; lovely 3. Man 1. men 2, money 3. Koble-not be 2, 
 unable- 3. Papal 1, people 2. pupil 3; prudence 3 ; parity 1, party 2, purity 3; 
 pei mission 1, promotion 3; permit 1. prompt 2, promote 3; preposition 1, 
 proposition 2. Ragged 1, rigid 2, rugged 3; regain 2, ujoin 3; revelation 1,
 
 revolution 2, revulsion 3. Salutary 1, solitary 2; service I, surface 2, surveys 3; 
 sdenee 3 ; spacious 1, spacious 2 ; spirit I, sport 2 ; staff I, stiff 2, stuff 3 ; still 2, 
 subtle 3. Take 2, talk 3; than 1, then 2; these I, this 2, those 3. Venal I, 
 venial 2. final 3; venality I. veniality 2, finality 3; veracity 2, voracity 3 [ferocity 
 
 Woman I, women 2. 
 
 Figures 
 
 '' 95. There are no shorthand signs for figures. The WN sign should be used 
 for ''one'" when there is no other figure with it. The figure 1 above the line 
 represents -'first.'' "Six" ind ''nine," standing alone, require to be written in 
 shorthand (sx, and nn with the I dot\ as the figures would resemble L, H, 
 respectively. Hundreds tire indicated by a dot for each ; thousands, by a line 
 trader the figures ; millions, by two lines. 
 
 Punctuation. 
 
 96. In taking notes, the only stop required is a full stop, shown by a longer 
 space than that between the words. In extracts, the ordinary marks of punctuation 
 may be used, care being taken that the commas are distinctly formed, so that they 
 may not be mistaken for ticks. 
 
 Contractions and Special Forms, 
 
 97. The outlines for the following words and phrases in common use will be 
 found in Appendix U. Quarter-circle characters, quite unsuitable for alphabetical 
 purposes, may be usefully employed as signs for single words : — 
 
 Accordingly, according to, advantage, afraid of all sorts, already, al.-o, 
 altogether, anxiety, .anxious ; anybody I, any 2, anything 3 ; anyone ; anybody's l, 
 anyone's 2, anj' things 3 ; awaj' \. we 2, why 3. 
 
 Bank, because, been-being-able, besides, between, 
 
 " Certain-ty, cheers, committee, common, competence-nt ; complain I, came, 
 come 2, complainant 3; complete-tion, conduct, connect-ion, consequence-nt, 
 consequential, constaney-nt, constituency, constituent, constitute-tion, country - 3. 
 
 Dash 1, distinguish 2. dish 3; dear sir, dear sirs; defend-s-ce 1, deaf 
 2, defendant 3; destitute 2, destitution 3 ; difticult-y 3, distinct-ion. 
 
 Else 2, elsewhere 3 ; &c. ; every I, from 2. very 3 ; everybody I, everyone 1 ; 
 everything 1, very thing 3 ; extinct-ion, extinguish. 
 
 Fellow-follow, frequency, frequent. 
 
 Gentleman-en, greatest 3. 
 
 I am, incompetence-nt, incomplete, in consequence, increase, indu'ge-nce-nt ; 
 in justice I, injustice 2; in less 1, less 2, on less-unless 3; in regard to I, on 
 the greatest 3 ; instead of; institute 2, institution 3; instinct. 
 
 Justice. 
 
 Kingdom.
 
 Language, length and breadth. 
 
 Many, means of, minister, Mr., Mrs. 
 
 Necessary, necessity (unity), nevertheless, nobody, no doubt, no one, nothing, 
 nowhere, notwithstanding. 
 
 Object I, objection 3; of course ; on account I, o'clock 2. 
 
 Perfect 2, perfection 3 ; prevent-ion, provision, public. 
 
 Remark-able, remember. 
 
 Scarce, secular, short of, since, single (add R for "singular''), somebody, 
 someone, something, sort-s of; subject i, subjection 3; subsequent, sub- 
 stitute-tion. 
 
 Thank, therefore, think (also " thick ''), through, to all intents and purposes, 
 to be, to do, together, to have. 
 
 Under these I, the 2, those 3 circumstances ; unnecessary. 
 
 Want of (one of), whatever, whenever 3, with regard ; with regard to 2, 
 with the greatest 3 ; world — the world. 
 
 98. The signs for " away, because, every, Mr.," are written upwards. The 
 signs for " I am, we," may be joined to other characters in familiar phrases. The 
 latter sign joins to L (first form) for " we all," to L (second form) for " we will.'' 
 
 The sign for "very" is joined to L (first form) for " very little," and to I. 
 (second form) for "very well.'' The words " very hi" must be written disjoined. 
 
 99. In the following words R is omitted. When a word has more than one 
 R, the letter to be left out is in italic : — Cardinal, charge, cheerful, cherish, 
 commercial, control (and compounds); farther 1, further 3; form (and com- 
 pounds; "defame" is written above the line), fortune 1, fresh I, hitherto, 
 immemorial, immoral, immortal, impartial, literal (little, L 3), march I, 
 memorial, merchandise, merchant, natural, number (when a noun ; R is written 
 in the verb), parallel, partial, person (and compounds), progress, proper, regard, 
 research, search, serious (serous), short (shut), shorter, shortest, surprise, 
 treasure, understand, understood, unfortunate, worship, worth. In words 
 beginning with " over," the R in that word may in some' cases be omitted, the O 
 being joined to the V, and this to the letter after "over," as in "overcome, 
 overlook, overmatched, overthrow, overwork" (Appendix Y.). 
 
 ico. S may conveniently be left cut in " correspond " and cognate forms. 
 I) is omitted in "method," and "myth" is written below the line. In words 
 ending in NTIAL, as " confidential, essential, influential, preferential, presiden- 
 tial," &c, the outlines will be smoother, and sufficiently legible, without the SH 
 
 character after X,
 
 Shakespeare. 
 
 {From Washington Irving' s " Sketch Book.'') 
 
 [The positions of words are carefully preserved in the shorthand, though the 
 paper is not ruled. A few advanced abbreviations have been introduced — 
 mostly in the business letters.] 
 
 On returning to my inn, I could not but reflect on the singular gift of the 
 poet ; to be able thus to spread the magic of his mind over the very lace of Nature ; 
 to give to things and places a charm and character not their own, and to turn this 
 " working-day world" into a perfect fairyland. He is indeed the true enchanter, 
 whose spell operates, not upon the senses, but upon the imagination and the heart. 
 Under the wizard influence of Shakespeare I had been walking all day in a com- 
 plete delusion. I had surveyed the landscape through the prism of poetry, which 
 tinged every object with the hues of the rainbow. I had been surrounded with 
 fancied beings, with mere airy nothings, conjured up by poetic power, yet which 
 to me had all the charm of reality. 1 had heard Jaques soliloquise beneath his 
 oak ; had beheld the fair Rosalind and her companion adventuring through the 
 woodlands ; and, above all, had been once more present in spirit with tat Jack 
 Falstaff and his contemporaries, from the august Justice Shallow down to the 
 gentle Master Slender and the sweet Anne Page. Ten thousand honours and 
 blessings on the bard who has thus gilded the dull realities of life with innocent 
 illusions, who has spread exquisite and unbought pleasures in my chequered path, 
 and beguiled my spirit in many a lonely hour with all the cordial and cheerful 
 sympathies of social life! 
 
 As I crossed the bridge over the Avon on my return, I paused to contemplate 
 the distant church in which the poet lies buried, and could not but exult in the 
 malediction which has kept Ids ashes undisturbed in its quiet and hallowed vaults. 
 What honour could his name have derived from being mingled in dusty 
 companionship with, the epitaphs and escutcheons and venal euiogiums of a titled 
 multitude? What would a crowded corner in Westminster Abbey have been, 
 compared with tins reverend pile, which seems to stand in beautiful loneliness as 
 his sole mausoleum ? The solicitude about the grave may be but the offspring of 
 an overwrought sensibility; but human nature is made up of foible-- and pre- 
 judices, and its best and tenderest affections are mingled with these factitious 
 feelings. He who has sought renown about the world, and has leaped a full 
 harvest of worldly favour, will find, after all, that there is no love, no admiration, 
 no applause, so sweet to the soul as that which springs up in his native place. It 
 is there that he seeks to be gathered in peace and honour among his kindred and 
 his early friends. And when the weary heart and tailing head begin to warn him 
 that the evening of life is drawing on, he turns as fondly as does the infant to the 
 mother's arms, to sink in sleep in the bosom of the scene of his childhood. 
 
 How would it have cheered the spirit of the youthful bard when, wandering 
 
 forth in disgrace 'upon a doubtful world, lie cast back a heavy look upon his 
 paternal home, could he have foreseen that, before many years, he should return to 
 it covered with renown ; that his name should become the boast and glory of his 
 native place ; that his ashes should be religiously guarded as its most precious 
 treasure ; and that its lessening spire, en which his eyes were fixed in tearful 
 contemplation, should one day become the beacon, towering amidst the gentle 
 landscape, to guide the literary pilgrim of every nation to his tomb !
 
 23 
 
 The Brightness of Home. 
 
 We all join in declaring that " There's no place like home." And the true 
 charm of home, whether rich or lowly, is a spirit of cheerfulness, love, and unity. 
 
 Cobbett, writing at the age of sixty-four, said :— " I have been buffeted about 
 by this powerful and vindictive Government ; I have repeatedly had the fruit of 
 my labour snatched away from me by it ; but I had a partner that never frowned, 
 that was never melancholy, that never was subdued in spirit, that never abated a 
 smile on these occasions .... just as cheerful, and just as full of caresses, 
 whin brought clown to a mean hired lodging, as when the mistress of aline 
 country house with all its accompaniments; and, whether from her words or her 
 looks, no one could gather that she regretted the change. What cares have I had, 
 then ? What have 1 had worthy of the name of cares '.- 
 
 In the "(otter's Saturday Night,'' in a verse of which the idea was appar- 
 ently borrowed from Gray's " Elegy," Burns represents the toil-worn labourer 
 returning home. His children toddle forth with glee •' to meet their Dad," while 
 in his cottage there await him his " clean hearth stane, his thrifty wifie's smile/' 
 and the lisping infant will soon be prattling on his knee. Poor though he might 
 be, his lot was full of happiness. 
 
 How is such happiness to be secured V Love i.- the basis; but as a fin; has 
 to be replenished, so tin; flame of love needs to be kept alive. Like the bodily 
 frame, affection calls for its daily bread. 
 
 To a young husband one might say: — ''Always leave home with a smile. 
 
 Should any little misunderstanding have arisen, dispose of it before you quit the 
 house. If you do not, you may find on your return that, whereas exercise, 
 change, and business quickly removed the annoyance from your mind, the small 
 trouble, with a sense of being uncared for, had spoiled the day lor your wife, that 
 .-he had brooded over it in her solitude and more restricted sphere, am! that it 
 had left her sad and depressed - perhaps with a headache, following a heart- 
 ache. You should have parted from her in peace and harmony, which would 
 have remained with her all the time you were away, and would have shone forth 
 to greet you as you entered your home again alter hours of toil," 
 
 A man might, for his own happiness, as well as for that of other-, make 
 manj T a worse resolve than that he will so conduct himself that his return to his 
 own house -hall bring joy to wife and children, to servants, and to the dog or cat 
 within its borders. To see smiling faces and bright eyes, and to observe that 
 one's arrival gives pleasure even to the humble four-footed inmates, j.s in itself a 
 balm to wounded feelings, a rest to tired limb-, and a solace to jaded nerves. To 
 make others happy is to do a kindness to oneself. A. J. 
 
 Business Correspondence. 
 
 1)i:\k Sins. We beg to acknowledge your kind favour of yesterday, and 
 herewith return account duly receipted. 
 
 With rod renre to your remark- as to the price.- we are charging you. we may 
 mention that there is no other firm on our 1 oof - enjoy h g b< tti i terms than you. 
 Of course we are perfectly well aware that you ran buy goods similar in appear- 
 ance to ours at lower prices, but the quality, make, and fini.-h of the cheaper 
 article ran in no way be compared v ith tlio-e (-1 our manufactures, and, we are 
 confident, would not give satisfaction to your customers. Further, we would
 
 24 
 
 point out that our instruments are sold at uniform prices, whilst those of the 
 other manufacturers you refer to are retailed at no regular prices, so that the 
 competition daily increasing between retailers is only tending to make the sale of 
 the cheaper class of goods quite unremunerative. 
 
 Awaiting your further favours, 
 
 We are, Dear Sirs, 
 
 Yours faithfully. 
 
 Dear Sir, — We are sorry to have to inform you that, owing to the fire which 
 has taken place at our warehouse, we shall not be able to complete your esteemed 
 order by the stipulated time. We shall therefore be greatly obliged if you can 
 afford us a few more days, during which we will do our utmost to give you entire 
 satisfaction. 
 
 Regretting any inconvenience which this unfortunate incident may cause 
 von, 
 
 We are, &c. 
 
 Dear Sir, — We are in receipt of your favour of the 15th instant, with 
 invoice for the amount of which we have duly credited you. The goods arrived 
 yesterda}' in excellent condition, and we found that they corresponded with the 
 invoice. We therefore have much pleasure in enclosing herewith a draft tor 
 £~G 4s. 3d., being the amount of the invoice, less 5 per cent, discount. 
 
 Trusting that 3'ou will kindly acknowledge receipt by return of post, 
 
 We remain, yours truly. 
 
 Gextle.men, — I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of yesterday s 
 date, enclosing draft payable at sight for £~6 4s. 3d. winch amount I have 
 placed to your credit, together witli £1 lSs. id. for 2h per cent, discount. I am 
 greatly obliged to you for the prompt settlement, but regret that I cannot allow 
 you a discount of 5 per cent, as my terms are 2\ per cent, for cash. The excep- 
 tionally low prices which I charge for my goods leave me so small a profit that it 
 is not possible for me to meet you in this respect. 
 
 Kindly place the difference of £1 iSs. id. again to my credit. 
 
 I remain, Gentlemen, yours faithfully. 
 
 Dear Sirs, — We have pleasure in advising you that we have purchased 
 Messrs. Samuelson, Pickard, & Co.'s stock of the undermentioned goods, 
 preparatory to their dissolution of partnership, and are now offering same at 
 greatly reduced prices. These goods consist of Christmas, Easter, Birthday, 
 .Menu, Invitation, and Memorial Cards ; also Ball Programmes. Booklets, and 
 Stu lies, which latter include varieties in colours and sepia. 
 
 We have stocks of these at our London, Birmingham, Leeds. Liverpool, and 
 Manchester houses ; also samples of same at our Edinburgh and Glasgow houses, 
 and our Bristol and Belfast offices; and shall be glad to offer them for inspection 
 at any of these places. 
 
 As we are clearing out all these goods at such very low prices, we shall be 
 pleased to receive an early call, so as to prevent disappointment. If, however, 
 you cannot visit us, we will send you a selection of samples on receipt of letter 
 stating requirements. 
 
 We remain, yours truly.
 
 
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 '
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 FormL9-10m-3,'48(A7920)444 
 
 London: A. JANES, 
 5, Crofton Road, Camberwell, S.E. 
 
 Entered at 
 Stationers' Ha
 
 ooa ..rist-os {,"zne 
 1901 best" 
 
 hand.
 
 
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