THE HEFFLEY INSTITUTE THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES B. 0. 1 f A tun DALLAS, TULAS UNIFIED STENOGRAPHY THE SIMPLEST AND MOST UNIFORM OF ANY OF THE PITMANIC SYSTEMS PREPARED FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USE OF THE HEFFLEY INSTITUTE BROOKLYN - NEW YORK 1918 PRESS OF L. H. BIGLOW a COMPANY. INC. NEW YORK \\ 1 GENERAL DIRECTIONS The general directions which may be given the student in advance are few, as the principles introduced from time to time in the following pages will be specifically treated, when reference is made to them. Ruled paper should always be used. Faint red lines are pref- erable and they should be ruled about one-half inch apart. Every character must be carefully and correctly formed, and should never be written faster than it can be written well. Ability to write rapidly and legibly will depend upon the precision with | which in the beginning each character is written. Accuracy in writing depends upon the direction in which each 2g character is written, its length and whether it is light or heavy. The perpendicular, slanting, and horizontal strokes should be made in the proper direction, and the curved strokes, when made heavy, should be thickened in the centre only, and should taper 2* toward the extremities; while straight strokes are made heavy * throughout, and should be made only sufficiently heavy to dis- ^ tinguish them from light strokes. Either a pen or a pencil may be used, which should be held y between the first and second fingers, in an almost upright position. Ej The note-book must be kept in place with the left hand, and, when one is writing, the weight of the body should not rest upon the right arm. Everything should be written and read over and over again. Each character, word, or principle must be learned perfectly be- fore the next one is taken up, and nothing outside of the exercises given in connection with each lesson should be attempted. Word- signs must be reviewed daily. PHONOGRAPHIC ALPHABET CONSONANTS VOWELS Phono- graph Name Direction Written Sound of Sound of \ \ P B Downward P as in Pope B " babe E as in eat T u T " tight * A " ate D u D " deed Chay CH " church AH " arm ^ J K Left to right J " judge K " kick AW " all r Gay Ray Upward G " gag R " roar o " oak ^ Hay " H " high oo " ooze \^_ F Downward F " fife . ^ V u V " vat r " in ( Ith " TH " path ' e " ell y The S it TH " thy S " saw .a "at j Z Ish ii Z " zeal SH " she o " odd ~j r Zhe 1 L (Lay Yay Upward ( Downward y u I azure j vision L " lull Y " yet ~ u "us 06 " put 3 R Way M ii Left to right R " roar W " wake M " maim V I " ice A 01 " oil ^ 1 Emp 1 Emb N " MP " hemp MB " ember N " noun A ow " owl / ling link NG " thing NK " think n u " use PHONOGRAPHY Phonography is based upon a scientific analysis of the sounds of the English language. The common alphabet, as being inade- quate for the accurate representation of the various sounds, has been discarded and one more philosophic has been adopted, one which provides an absolute sign for each consonant and vowel sound. The CONSONANT signs are derived from the following geometric diagrams : From these divisions twelve simple straight and curved lines are obtained : These lines, made light and heavy, are arranged in pairs, the thin strokes representing the whispered sounds, and the heavy strokes the vocal or thickened sounds, as in column 1, on the opposite page. Each consonant, whether straight or curved, is written in the direction of one of the lines in the following figures : FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 The lines in the second and fourth directions are inclined exactly midway between the horizontal and perpendicular lines in the first and third directions. Each sign represents invariably the same sound, and is always written in the same direction. (See columns 2 and 3). The VOWEL sounds are represented by dots and dashes placed in three positions about the consonant signs, as in column 5. 5 CONSONANTS 1. Upright and sloping consonants are written DOWNWARD, except lay, ray, and hay, which are written UPWARD. A \. .1 /.. /_ L....L (. .(.. J 1 Chay J Ith The i r ... Ish Zhee L R Way Yay Lay Ray Hay 2. Horizontal consonants are written from LEFT to RIGHT. . K Gay M Emp or Emb N Ing or Ink 3. All strokes are made of uniform length. Chay slopes 60, and ray and hay 30, degrees from the line of writing A . *t\.~. Chay Ray Hay 4. When consonants are combined, they are written without lifting the pen from the paper, each succeeding consonant beginning where the preceding one ends. 5. Each consonant is written in the same direction when joined to others as ,yhen standing alone. When joined, the first DOWN or UP stroke rests UPON the line- L, when standing alone, is written UPWARD. p-m b-k t-gay v-ray chay-ray ray-chay t-m s-n ith-m ray-v ray-ish gay-ray-t hay-ith lay-f hay-k r-m way-k 'f-1 v-lay d-1 d-lay p-lay m-lay 'v-1 'ith-1 k-b gay-t m-f n-t k-thay gay-t-m n-t-ray Jng-t p-t' b-chay t-p dMth chay-p islvT v-] r-r) f-f p-p 6. Except in a few combinations, an angle is formed between a straight and a curved, and between two curved, consonants. f-n v-ing emp-f p-n f-r lay-k MAY 6 1918 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE i \ X 1 1 Z / L L ( , ( ).. :..) .J. JL C. ^ ^ r 3 ^-^ ^~s ^^ ^^ C / 4 \ 1 Z L.... c.. ) J.. r ^ 5 . . =. ^ tfaw-1 I t-o-l.f t-oo-1 17. When words contain two or more stems, the first UPWARD or DOWN- WARD stem is written in the position of the accented vowel. talk team balk teach daub sheep tick pitch top xX tub bake dome knave thump paidl page tape" *Uhade duck back palm doom shook tomb boom "jack tack took book attack \ v v 1* i i . A_L2=a^J3L--!Z. ^.....c^^s-^.........^...^ keep cape cap ' navy gage match meek name camp dump \^....\+,.....z. ^__J .^L....^! L. ^j buck pump honey shock Edith envy heed dock uncouth cake gag copy canopy Gotham ./attach vacate JL-^-J-. \. I ^- ~Nni : "X"" chap> ditto decay invoke package/ d^do chubby chimney 10 9 1918 P. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE but, to a on, should, how., DIPHTHONGS 18. The double vowels as heard in the words tie, toy, vow, and view, are expressed as follows: 19, These signs are always written in the same direction, and may be joined to the stem if they form an acute angle. c ^ L A! A/" pie thy type knife toy boy decoy Al out bow thou endow couch use few eyes Ida item oil oily 20. When two vowels are sounded between two consonants, write the first vowel after the first consonant and the second vowel before the second consonant poem payer 1 weigheV gayety deity .(fuel (wowel power- 2J. When two vowels either precede or follow a consonant, that vowel which is to be read next the consonant is written nearer to it. a 1 ~vt~'~ Iowa Genoa duaj, iota idea boa Padual radii avowee 22. (a) When the SOUND of L.or R begins a word, lay or ray is used, except before m or emp. c r s\ r^ (T~ law lay reap lake like wrought rug rub ray rope ring Rome loom ream limp (b) When the SOUND of L or R ends a word, / or r is used, except after m, emp or ray. HL ...x.. feel /pail call coal share' pour) mail meal rail reel 23. When the SOUND of L or R follows an initial vowel sound, I orris used ; when it precedes a final vowel sound, lay or ray is used. elm elk alum elect alike ark ri, -V- pillow delay fellow valley hourly Peru Harry carry bureau rj ^ \ READING AND WRITING EXERCISE |V IV IV W /V \V ft (. "v -?v ,r 3 .: - } ) I / <\J nj K ^ > vv .7 I' - 9 J: /TV Ir Word signs: . v V If 14 _.^..._^ ^ X .^ ( L I-eyc, you, hope-happy-party, object-be, to be, time, it, dollar, do, t5. f Z y. /.. y.. had, which, much, advantage, large. 13 CIRCLE S OR Z 24. S and Z are also represented by a small INITIAL or FINAL circle, called Iss. It is written on the RIGHT-HAND side of downward straight strokes, and on the UPPER side of horizontal and upward straight strokes. It is written on the INSIDE of curved strokes. It is read FIRST when it begins and LAST when it ends an outline. iss-k iss-b iss-t iss-chay iss-ray iss-f iss-ith iss-s iss-r iss-n iss-m gay-iss b-iss d-iss j-iss hay-iss v-iss s-iss way-iss m-iss n-iss emp-iss 25. The circle is written on the OUTSIDE of the angle formed by straight strokes. Between a straight and a curved stroke, or between, two curved strokes, it is written inside of the curve. ^^^n i t-iss-k gay-iss-t chay-iss-k b-iss^i b-iss-r f-iss-n m-iss-lay 26. The circle form is used for all words that BEGIN with S, or that END with S or Z. vp soap sake sight said such spoke sorrow slow save sash sing sank base dies chase choose less miss news stays sales suns notice ___g^j r 'desk cask reason Cincinnati business Missouri justice succeeds 27. The stroke form is used: (a) For all words that BEGIN with Z. (b) For all words in which S or Z follows an initial vowel sound, or precedes a final vowel sound, (c) For all words in which two vowels follow an initial S or Z, or precede a final S or Z. (a) Czan zealous zinc zero (b) ...... ;W ...i ....... ...... L icy ,assume I acid. Isaac busy Vdaisy ...... ....... ___________ i _______ -~-i _______ i- ...... r. ..... __. ) *\ \ **r^ '' noisy agency Tasso )- (c) Zion science sowir Siam chaos pious bias 28. The sounds of SES, SEZ, ZES, ZEZ, are represented by a circle twice the size of the iss circle. It is called sez and is used in the same way as the iss circle. paces teases cases voices noises looses amazes sources forcesO successive 29. S may follow the sez circle by an additional small circle. V, abscesses excesses successes recesses possesses dispossesses 14 L... T T r . T ; ' T " 8 t I I n 10 b o. L, ... DO Word signs: o o 13 o ...\. P __Pz _ P^ Is-his, as-has, subject, satisfy-fied, satisfactory, satisfactorily, fe" t5~ ~V>~ several, advertise, advertises, because, this, thus-those. 15. impossible-ility, improves, influence, influences, THE 1ST and STER LOOPS 30. St is expressed by a small initial or final loop. It is made one half the length of the stem. It is written on the circle side and is governed by the same rules as apply to the iss circle. ^ ........ x ......... t. ......... f .......... f ........... ?L ......... ....... ^ ...... t: steep stub state stout stood steady stitch stage stake stick 1 _______ V..JL ..... JL ....... -.. _JC ...^ ..... -L ..... ^... stiff staff* stove stave steal stale steam stall stem stamp _N$ ______ v ...... \L....A .......... [ ......... t ....... A ....... jL. ..... -^._._.A. post passed best based tossed dust chest just cast' guest rest feast fast vast zest list lost missed most west waste yeast _ ....... ........... i .......... ^ ........ A ....... .......... .^ ......... . .... amassed assist assessed arrest jest honest store story star kr: ....... jz ........... -V?- ...... " ......... .......... -A-,- ....... - ...... - destiny tallest ballast utmost tempest reduced revised refused < ......... -3L ......... w . ...... == ^ ..... ./. ........ k,. ......... 4. ....... .-... rejoiced unjust coolest calmest artistic testify justify mystify ......... <_. taste tasty haste hasty must musty rust rusty mist misty 31. Str is represented by a large final loop two thirds the length of the stroke. It is treated in the same way as the final ist loop. X .......... k ........... t... ....... ^ poster tester duster jester coaster castor Rochester foster vaster // V"" lustre arrester disturb nestor Worcester imposter songster yesterday 32. S may follow the loops by making an additional small circle. r. ..... X ....... ........ i ...... - ...... r. ...... -^ ....... ...... ..... . lists boasts toasts tests lasts costs coasts " ghosts wrists rusts nests invests jests feasters masters Lester's musters teamsters dusters dissters gamesters songsters boasters ministers 16 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE .=i- i a ? r^.......^.^ Jk .'Jb ?. >....A. wives wove weaves wash wax weds weights wads wing wife waif ., 3 3 ( *N *S ^i i A. v ^ \/ ^y\ -^A s ". v ' " ~ *\ wore wear weary wire waive warm worry, worth worthy DeWitt youth yoke yachts Yale yellow young Yates yokes Europe Yankee woe away awake awoke Wyoming Oswego wise wiser Oyer yes yeas 34. A LARGE initial hook on the circle side of T, D, K, and Gay, forming the double consonants tway, dway, kway, and gway, is used to represent W. They are vowelized the same as simple stems. y r rwill twice /'dwell quite quit quire require inquire inquiry 35. S may precede the semicircle and the initial hook by making the circle inside of the semicircle or hook. When the sound of S or Z follows W or Y the strokes and iss circle are used. ^ A ' *\ 1 ., '^ ^ ^1 r -v "X - >~<^ J- .o. -.^ sweep Swede swung squeeze square squad sequel woes wasp THE ASPIRATE H 36. H is also expressed by a short, light, initial tick, called heh. It is written in the direction of T or K and is always read first. head hatch hedge hook hazy Hague hero harass horrify hive hath howl here why ham hemp hung hogshead unhook white whit whim NOTE: WH at the beginning of words is sounded as HW, which sound is rep- resented by either the thickened semicircle for W, or the heh tick and way stroke. READING AND WRITING EXERCISE 1 I' 5 o o 1 o n" ..I. 7 t P f u ^ ^ 1 10 v v- ^A I n 12 Word signs: He-him, we-with, were, what, would, year, yet, beyond, you, that, when, aware. 19 WORD SIGNS 37. Certain words of frequent use may be abbreviated: (a) By the omission of consonants, (b) By the omission of vowels. These abbreviations are called WORD SIGNS. common, come-company, give-n, together, ago, are, for, half, ever, have. -t ......... - ( ............. -i .................. -< ............ < ........... ->--> ........ J - ....... ^ however, think, thank-thousand, them, though, us, was, shall, issue, usual-ly, will, am, important-ance, improve-d-ment, any, own, thing, _ ............ ^. _________ c. .......... C ............ f_ .......................................... language, away, your, we will. we are. PHRASEOGRAPHY 38. Writing two or more words together is called phraseography, which method of writing is usually confined to word signs. The first word is written in its proper position, the second beginning where the first ends, and so on. -d... ........ j.\ ............. //.iX __________ JC^T>. .......... jv^_ ............ JD .............. .Srf.-. you will, you will do, you will be, you may, you must, do you, have you, ...1 .............. 1 ............. J... ........... J.. ...... _.,...L_ ........... U._ ........ L^_ we do, we think, we shall, we sftall have, we take, it must, it must be. EXCEPTIONS: In a few phrases the first word must accommodate itself to the position of the second, otherwise the phrase would be illegible. in these, in this, in those, in each, in which, in much, I hope. 39. I, at the beginning of a phrase, may be abbreviated by writing the first half downward, or the second half upward, using that half which forms the better angle with the stroke. ri_J ........... .^ ............ JL ........... I... I will, I will do, I will be, I am, 1 do, I have, I shall. I think, 40. The, may be represented in the middle or at the end of a phrase, by a tick written in the direction of chay or ray. for the. take the, by the, in the, by the way, in the way. in the West 20 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE L kc i _ ] I 11- Sv V-. T 12 13 24 r we will, we are 21 THE R HOOK 41. An additional sign for R is supplied by a small INITIAL hook opposite the circle side of straight strokes, and on the inside of curved strokes. \....?s ] 1 L L~*JLL. L_L_J per ber ter der cher jer ker ger fer ver ther ther sher A C. C.. !^L ^ ^....-sw^. spray spruce spry suppress seeker solder spring strike suffer simmer ^r.. .JL. It ______ expressly destroy extreme westerly prosper stronger designer deciphers 44. Skr or sgr following D, P, or B; and spr or sbr, following J, are formed as follows: ATI?. J5C- / J5I\_ disgrace disagrees jasper\ prescribe subscribe subscriber 22 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE i _ t: x -i j r -I ^ 1 ^ , E^ LL I L r . jf. v ^-^ 7 x~9 >^ r- ( 5 ^ "X. "^ ^T ! ^- ^-s r U // | - ^ *> to. 7 \Q _ >Q ^\^ ~ ^*c q- vQ , 1 1- ,j J > T t- jo SZ^L.....:.\. : :. y _H ^ w 9v c\v txv *X rsv ^v \ v V \ V ND \) ^ u ... 12 .<\-, Word signs: appear, principle-al-ly, practice, member-remember,, number, doctor 1 9 ^~ C C 14 I 1 /__ .2. -S L dear, during, danger, larger, degree. from, there-their 23 THE L HOOK 45. L may also be represented by a SMALL initial hook, on the circle side of straight strokes, and by a LARGE initial hook on the inside of curved strokes. !x ..... .\ ...... f. ..... L./....Z... ..^..../..L..ci ..... C. ..... .0 ..... 3....J. pel bel tel del chel jel kel gel rel fel vel thel thel sel zel -2 ..... J. ...... .....r ..... ^....^ ...... <^,....<^ ......... ^ ............... s^_. shel zhel lei yel rel wel mel nel empel or embel ingel or inkel 46. The rules that govern the use of the stems with the r hook attached apply to those with the / hook. T * L -o o 'C_ "^ '9 J ....... A ........ .\. ......... 4 ........................ 1 ....... i* -. ______ ~r. ______ sLf. ....... ..... \ .T // idle able apple addle eagle Ethel oval evil awful uncle easel S-i ....... *-v ...... ^ ..... t- ..... ^L^-JL.^ ply play blow blue clay claw glue flee fly flow flew flaw 1 ...... L ...... i ....... i ........ 4 ...... .v ...... ^ ...... ITS. ..... S=L " N -I t A <^ 5" XL Bible title total tackle double chapel bam? bevel cobble regal reply bottle fickle vocal knuckle legal illegal partel tunnel funnel enamel -bushel official rural choral rouble i .......... ?- ............ v-v-^ ......... v--^--^-- 17 trouble trifle prattle) blacker plumper plural clamor floral nailer place applause angles close staple stable replace pleased closed struggle pickles rubbers blooms pupils^o clauses classes pleases 47. S may precede the / hook by making the circle within the hook. ..5.... A. i. -f. i ./._....r. ....^... / <**_2' supply splice sable subtle settle satchel sickle civil sooner .......... 5- ............ J .............. . .......... possible bicycle dispfay displace disclose physical plausible blissful classical explosive noticeable dissemble feasible exclusive 24 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE .j .^_ : : ^....., :*, ,_J3L Vf> s. G \s 2 A .:._... (S ./?. < o" *V cv 3.... x x ^ x - x ^ 4 ! ^\> . :. / G^>... J O e i ~zr ...J \ x \Lf>. v . jv "" w ^ 7 8. V x^ 9 - -? : ^ V r 1" X 10 y a 12 :*b. _-s.. Word signs: 13....1 ^ .\ ^ L... .....:.. people-d, apply- led, belong-ed. at all-until, deliver-y, equal-ly, difficult-y, follow, value. 25 THE N HOOK 48. A small FINAL hook opposite the circle side of straight, and on the inside of curved strokes, represents N. A ...... L.. A _*__ _=^_X_^C-k> k, C JA - ? pine ton down chain join can gain rain hen fun vain thin ....... ....... -. ..... __._. _. ...... . V i than zone shun lean earn mine known fine hone heaven ^->" .A- -K - human iron ocean often evening refine banish plenty twenty finish " VH3? ""iffc' "" ^^| ' " ' " '/' S finance Baybnne bayonet money many funny ruin lion 49. S, ses, isl, and ster are written on the n-hook side of straight letters to represent final ns, nses, nst, or nstr. A circle may be added to the loops for a final S. ^ j; j. j. v f, x- !><> P. dA pains towns- dines trains strains brains queens hence turns stones dances princes trances chances Kansas glances expenses essences pounced against pranced pronoun pronounced punster punsters 50. On curved letters, the circle is written in the hook for final S. vines loans moans' frowns shrines remonstrance evinces announces THE F or V HOOK 51. A small FINAL hook on the circle side of straight stems adds F or V. . _. -V "-"-"" -yr- -|~ - - tough dove chief gave roof heave grove strife refer reference r *L r s' *\/? /'" ~r^\ ^^ b~> defense driven discovery behave achieve cover reserve Tiffany ..NB ' hx.. r * 3?. .xlr--o u .o^-.V?^ paves coughs drives derives gloves observes refuse trophy survey? 26 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE I__*H IT. .-^_.... L Jo g* ^ X 3: P dn 5 _.V cL P.. o* 6 \ X J ""V ' V"~* fl. 7 -l v ^L _..- o ^^ ^y 9 Jj .~5l Isi-' J. J."d- 0-"" Word signs: 12 ,/ Vj .~x v. .... -j general-ly, can, begin. phonography, opinion, our own, your own. / J N I 13 P I ^ -^ > option passion addition auction occasion fashion evasion session illusion oration ration emotion notion unction education adoption I ^ |-^ i admission delusion fiction function location erection ammunition .z. , / > * I /^ (_ \ ' "^\ ^ ~rj \ fc, n -^ ^]- ~"t/X notation educational sectional petitioner) auctioneer dictionary "'" visionary attention application ambition operation intimation 53. 5, following the shun hook, is made inside of the hook. potions editions actions visions allusions litigations sanctions motions ovations lotions nations notations ascensions junctions THE S-SHUN HOOK 54. Shun is also expressed by a SMALL hook following the 5 or 5 circle. A first-place vowel occurring between the 5 and shun is written at the beginning of the hook, and a second -place vowel is written at the end of the hook The hook- vowel does not govern the word -position. opposition oppositional. possession accession precision procession .1 ....... !*. ........ 1... decision physician cessation musician supposition processional 55. 5 may follow the s-shun hook by writing the circle inside of the hook. (. -^ positions dispensations expositions acquisitions 5 ^ transitions depositions' 5 impositions civilizations propositions sensations 28 READING AND WRITING EXERCISE i e ^ * /r i O> ^. <\ '^""X I 6 X) Vv 5 Y 1 n s*- nf 9.. Word signs: objection, information, satisfaction, description, from,. over, very-every, there-their, other, sure-Iy, pleasure, Mf--remark-able-bly, more, describe-d, practiced, character, characters-ize, characterized, characteristic. 29 ADDED T or D 56. By writing a stroke consonant HALF its Usual length, T or D is added: (a) T is added to light, and D to heavy, SIMPLE strokes. (b) T or D is added to COMPOUND characters, or to a half-length stroke written with another stroke. The added sound is read after the stem and after all vowels and hooks, but before the final circle. The outlines are written above, on and below the line. iv iv _^ ,, QV \r i I V. ^~ V^ * \ N> Xo . a .^- - p....:. whatsoever yXj whensoever *r Jf whereas -J I I forever JP -i*~~. /S?\.... forward fr V^ y\ wheresoever s s A A hereafter xf / wherever misunderstand .p whichsoever whosoever v^_^i \ v nobody f" > \V_. objectionable withdraw J withheld withstand Word signs: , Si .^ D Yourself, myself, himself, themselves, ourselves, yourselves. OUTLINES In order to write with the rapidity of speech, words can be represented only by their consonant outlines, although occasionally it may be necessary to insert vowels. As a majority of the consonant letters are formed in two or more ways, many words may be written with several different outlines. The principal guide to the selection of outlines is that of convenience and ease in writing. How to make this selection, aside from the word signs and the words in the following lists, must be left to the stenographer. To qualify him for this selection it is absolutely necessary that he should possess a thorough knowledge of the principles as given in the previous lessons. If he does not possess this knowledge he should review the work before proceeding further. Each principle must be thoroughly learned and applied before facility will be acquired for writing from miscellaneous matter. WORDS DISTINGUISHED BY DIFFERENCE IN OUTLINE account, count L * agent, gentleman .J\ l auditor, daughter f ..._ _..\^ better, battery fiscal, physical order, rather accordance, (credence \^ \^...\3. perhaps-propose; (purpose annual, only poor, pure appropriate, (propriety .\ ^ product, protect appropriation, (preparation ./f~^\ ./f^..... renewed, ruined copy, occupy editor, debtor retain, written, (return separate, support situation, station Ji editor, debtor i ^ n l/^S J terrible, trouble .... V .>^. favored, favorite | ^7 ^-i : y. ]/.... , train, turn 38 CONTRACTED WORDS The outlines of the following words, because of their awkward forms when written in full, are contracted by writing only their prominent consonants. These are called "Contractions." The outlines are generally suggestive of the words they represent, but they should be thoroughly memorized so that they may be written without hesitation. acknowledge astonish-ed-ment capable-y challenge-d change chapter December determination determine-d develop-ed development discriminate establish-ed-ment extraordinary familiar familiarly ,. February .3 identical-ly independent independently indiscriminate indiscriminately indispensable indispensably individual individually individuality influential-ly i_. intelligence ,.J/..... intelligent intelligently intelligible irregular irregularly January magazine messenger misrepresent-ed memorandum mistake mistaken mortgage neglect-ed never nevertheless new - knew notwithstanding - November passenger peculiar peculiarly phonographer phonographic popular popularly practical practically practicability practicable privilege-d probable probably proper-ty properly . public-ish-ed publication regular . regularly represent-ed representation representative respect -ed stenographer stenographic sufficient sufficiently territory 39 SIMPLE PHRASES The following phrases should be written again and again until ease and rapidity have been secured. for the matter .r^L^_ all right anybody else H , how many has been ^v^^W^ anything else anything more _0 . I am as far as i , ^ " I am afraid s- tJ > I am glad .._. NC^ I am very glad CL..A. as long as as much as ""X -*11 v^o I am very truly yours fr. ^_ I am sure 6 SLJ?_.QJU as soon as as soon as possible I \ rx v ^ I am surprised I am sorry \ j_A- as well as as well as possible n~/ '* I am very sorry .Vv_-t I have no doubt IA \ Y?^*- as early as possible as the -v I think so -/_ . . I thank you v; I shall be &!^Z. as follows , as near as you can 4~- J I shall be glad as has been 2 i I shall not be a if he is * Hr- at the ~*V i i if the matter at that I '1 s^ .V = if you can . 1 1 .2=. at owner s risk ** *" r ^js at sender's risk by the way *=a i if you cannot r'.^TT'. if you can have \t__^sr i i if it is possible V ,11 IV ' in this matter /. in such f> in such cases is the , it has been QL- it is necessary it is only tfTT^ it seems to me \< o it would be . of course sj of this date on the on cars ... A on track i\ on sale ...\LS per cent. t \/ => per month -r..J! price list < price lists . such has been (, that the ... _, that is A thank you ,..^o. that place / this place -f o this class f> / there is \^-... there are 4 there has been to some extent to be able to truly yours very little very likely very truly very truly yours who is with his which would be _ which would not be ' will be satisfactory we are f /^\ we will * >.._ we will be 4 we can have we cannot we cannot have we have yours ~ we have your letter we shall we shall be we are very truly yours your city your place your letter you are in you will be you may have you ^ 41 CONTRACTED PHRASES Additional methods of phrasing will be found in the following list. The principles employed can be applied to other phrases, but the list embraces all that will be of special value. :Ht at hand is at hand let us hear -let us know let us proceed have their-there was there-their was there anything in their their for there for there is if there is if there is anything receive their when there is whenever there is 7 _ I think there will be I think there is ""0 I am sure there is JL L __A- our own your own their own . know their own receive their own at one p some one __VA_every one other than __jT5>L_niore than sooner than L faster than x 9 less than ,/_..._. rather than later than .further than longer than better than greater than in consideration in order,-to in receipt of,-the in receipt of yours I am in receipt of yours I am in receipt of your letter we are in receipt of-the we are in receipt of yours we are in receipt of your favor in referring to,-the in reference to,-the in regard to,-the in respect to,-the in response to,-the in reply to,-the in reply to yours in reply to your favor in reply to your letter in relation to,-the yesterday morning this morning Monday morning Tuesday morning Wednesday morning Thursday morning Friday morning Saturday morning Sunday morning at last at least at first at any rate at the same price at the time at the same time CONTRACTED PHRASES Continued t _v at that time at any time at one time at some time according to, -the again and again bill of sale bill of exchange bill of lading bills receivable bills payable by express collect on delivery certain extent east and w r est esteemed favor errors and omissions for the first time for a long time for some time f.o.b. f.o.b, cars, free on board here great extent I beg to acknowledge I beg to thank you I beg to say I beg to advise I beg to state in answer to yours in answer to your favor invoice and bill of lading my dear sir ^. my dear friend more and more O.K. . , replying to yours _/\ /_\.._ replying to your favor /7 , *~ cordially yours * _ faithfully yours fraternally yours respectfully yours sincerely yours in the first place in the second place >9 in the next place in the last place trust you will (ces _ annual-ly v ^ any , anybody anyhow ^ \ anything ^ , appear V-V N ,/ apply \appropriate appropriation approve are o.. as N> assure astonish-ed-ment P... at all J 1 at first . at hand I . at length b J .1 _ S n at once ( auditor d * > A aware 1 away _ awe balance \battery be been \ because V.,. become before ~^" began .j ^ begun \ behind .. \. . belief-believe belong-ed better -U but beyond call ~^>., can yl JL 1 I capable-y careful-ly challenge-d change chapter character characteristic characterized ?.- characters-ize circumstance circumstances - come commence commenced commences common company compassion compliance copy consequent constituent could count credence danger daughter dear debtor December degree deliver-y describe-d description develop-ed development determination determine-d did not differ-ent-ence difficult-y disadvantage discriminate do do not doctor dollar during editor enlarge-d 44 entire equal-ly equalization establish-ed-ment ever every extraordinary eye familiar familiarly favored favorite indiscriminately indispensable indispensably individual individually individuality J_ _ .1 I J ~^"~ \ ......... / 6 o gi ve-n good govern-ed-ment had had not half hand happen happy has have he hereafter hereinafter herself him himself his hope hope to have how however hundred I identical-ly i magine-ary-ation immaterial immediate-ly i mportant-ance impossible-ility improves improve-d-ment inconsiderate independent independently indiscriminate January knew language large larger largest memorandum misrepresent-ed mistake mistaken misunderstand misunderstood mortgage never nevertheless new next nobody notwithstanding November now ..!V. number object \v v objection \> .\V.. objectionable objective \ T\ x occupy ...V- >.- _ of oh on oneself only onward opinion opportunity \ } ui order other s ought c -> our own ourselves out of ~N 1 >:.. over I li A- owe owing own owned passenger part party particular-ly peculiar peculiarly people-d perhaps phonographer phonographic phonography physical pleasure poor popular popularly practice practical practiced practicable practically practicability preparation principle-al-ly privilege-d probable probably product profit proof proper-ty properly propose propriety protect prove publtc-ish-ed publication pure purpose quite rather regular regularly ...L ,< : 1 L t ~ L L /. . /. ._. /.. \> V V remark-able-bly remember remembered remembrance renewed represent-ed representation representative respect-ed retain return ruined satisfaction satisfactory satisfactorily satisfy-fied separate several shall should situation somewhat spirit subject subjected sufficient sufficiently suggest support sure-ly surprise station stenographic stenographer stenography tell territory terrible thank that the their there them themselves thing think this those though thousand throughout thus till time to to a to be to-day together to-morrow too to the 46 ...1. toward trouble ....... train turn two \ ?**?.... under ../ when which whichever r JL undersell undersign undersigned underwriter unless United States until us whichsoever / who ..P /.. -v...... whoever -t r ...a... X ) usual-ly value very ... was t we we are ..<=.... were whereupon wherever we will what whatever whatsoever 1 whosoever whom will wish with withdraw withheld within without r withstand woman ..- women, would written ..- year yet you your your own yourself .. yourselves 4V WORDSIGNS PHONOGRAPHICALLY ARRANGED (KEY TO ELEVEN SHORT LETTERS IN THE READER) I. \ ...S^ appliance > * been \\ ^ .v operation V belief -believe x^\ > \) oppression v objective \ ...VS\.. approve-al v objection V . . s v. able to x ....& position ^s behind r\ opportunity ...V.. possession III. time part profit ... it <\ N . . spirit 3 its-self \^ happen ^\ practiced II. A. object-be satisfy-ied / satisfactory surprise f \ to be o r ^"~ satisfactorily Ci inexperience ... \.. subject Y Q inexperienced \ P. satisfaction belong-ed U o experience ( . till-tell ....^. balance until-at all ^ experienced " Cv .> member-remember .V. hope to have \ ... compliance 1 at first ...^*y. number cv 1 at once o remembrance 48 J I at length whatever out of circumstance circumstances constituent at hand toward IV. dollar do had advertise advertises advertisement deliver-y deliverance doctor 1 dear 1 I t 1 I differ-ent-ence .2. - larger I I advance-d govern-ed-ment VIII got \ think .... get-good - / thank-thousand o signify throughout ...in..-: character * significance t ...v. " characters-ize L. for /.. though .. . I half ,...tz rf-> characterized .S: follow C. thus-those - SL full-y C \ there-their * consequence . .. X, _ from C other w ....: ji. can NA phonography _ that VII. give-n ^s several \ . ,. without together .._ ever \ us - acfo / / was I however ^ . shall 50 \^. under-hundred n hand-owned 9 assure (Mr. - entire-in their ^J usual-ly union _>/ pleasure . .. thing X. ^^f^ language f~ will any XI. ....7!\. away -x our own ^..^ own J v. p K f , your x"^ are influence ......._ your own x' aware ?s~*?. commence the /* "s am influences a-an women . ^^. commences-United (States ah f^~~^ woman > influenced s all somewhat N-^^... . commenced-next . .N tWO-tOO important-ance -^wr^..... stenography 1 .. already /^"N, improve-d-ment owner-in our immediate-ly .._ opinion 1,.., before ^ o owe-oh impossible-ility ^ information 51 ought / who whom & whoever _ whomever of ,.N to to the ..I but to a ...x. should how v I-eye c we-with -^ would u year y yet n ... beyond a you o is-his ., Q- as-has fc . New Orleans Newport New York City .. Niagara Norfolk Norwich . Omaha Ontario Oshkosh Oswego Panama Paris Peekskill Peoria Pernambuco . Philadelphia Pittsburg Portland Portsmouth Potsdam Poughkeepsie Princeton Providence Pueblo Quebec Quincy X Richmond Rio Janeiro Rochester Rockford Rome J -A ' Sacramento Saganaw Saint Augustine Saint John Saint Joseph Saint Lawrence Saint Louis Saint Paul SaintPetersburg Salem Salt Lake City San Antonio Sandusky San Francisco San Jose Santa F6 Santiago Saratoga Savannah Schenectady Scranton Seattle Sheffield Sioux City Sommersville Springfield Stamford Stockholm Sydney Syracuse Taunton Terre Haute Toledo Toronto Trenton Utica Valparaiso Vera Cruz Victoria Vienna Warsaw Waterbury West Point Wheeling Wichita Wilkesbarre Williamsport Wilmington Winnipeg Woonsocket Worcester Yankton Yonkers Youngstown NAMES OF PERSONS Abbott Abraham , Adams Alexander Allen . Anderson Andrews Appleton ... Armstrong Arnold Atkinson ... Atwood Bailey Baldwin ... Barker Barnes Bartlett .... Bedford Behrens Benedict ... Bennett Berger Bernard ., Bingham Bowers Bradford ... Burke Burns Butler '.. Callahan Cameron Canfield L Camden Campbell Carpenter ... Carroll Carter Chamberlain Christiansen Clark Clayton Clinton Coleman Collins . .., Comstock Cornell Corrigan Crawford Cunningham Curtis Davenport Davidson Da vies .. Davis L_A_^ .Lo. .4 u Dennison Dexter De Witt Dickinson I r^ f c|j>x Dixon Donaldson Douglass Dwight Eastman Eavenson Edison Edwards Elliott Emery Evans Farmer Ferguson Finch Fisher Flower Foster Fowler Franklin Fuller Fulton Gallagher Gardner Garrison Gates Gaylor Gaynor Gibbons Gibson Gilbert Goodyear Graham Grant Hancock Hall Hamilton Hammond Harper Harrison Hart Harvey Harwood Hastings Henderson Henry Higgins Hodgman Hoffman Holmes Hooker 56 NAMES OF PERSONS Continued Hopkins Horner .. Houghton Howard Hudson Hughes Humphrey Hunt Hunter Huntington Hutchinson Jackson Jefferson Jennings .y.....> Jewett Johnson Judson Kellogg Kendall Kennedy Kenyon Lambert Lancaster , Lewis Livingston Lockhart Logan Lombard Lowell Lynch Lyons Mackensie Madison Mansfield Marshall Martin Mason ^~> Miller ' Mitchell Monroe Montgomery :^> x. Morgan Morrison Morton Murray Nelson Newman Newton Nichols Nicholas Norton O Brien O'Connor Osborne Packard Palmer Parker Patterson Pearson > Perkins Perry Phillips Phelps Pierce Pitman Porter Potter Powell Powers Pratt Pullman Putnam Raymond Remington Richardson Roberts Robinson . Rogers Russell Salisbury ..Samuels Scott Seamans . Sedgwick Seymour Sheldon . Sherman Simpson Spencer . Stephens Stewart Strong . Sumner Taylor Temple , Thompson Thurman Townsend Trumbull Turner Upham Valentine Vanderbilt Vaughn Wagner Walters Wilkinson Wilson 57 : f- FINANCIAL TERMS abscond acceptance T/ ~\ accountant ' K accountable ' accrued ^- administrator - - administratrix ad valorem .. agent appraisal appreciation .. arbitrary arbitration assets ... assign-ment assigned assignee .. assignor attest balance .. bank bankable banker bank bill bank book bank note bank stock bankrupt bankruptcy bequest bond bonus borrower bounty bribe broker brokerage bullion _ capital capitalize cashier certificate certified certify chattel check check book circulation clearance collateral collection compensation compound compromise comptroller copartnership corporation counterfeit I coupon credential credit creditor currency current debenture debit defalcation defaulter - deficient-cy deficit defraud-ed deposit deposition depreciation disburse disbursement discount . discrepancy dissolution dividend , draft draw drawee K equity \ escrow . /...., estate exchange 1 execute I.... executor executrix expenditure expense finances financial .._/... financier fiscal forge ... f orger-y franchise fraud ., fraudulent FINANCIAL TERMS Continued fraudulently ^1 funds \/^) I guarantee .. \*s *-. - hypothecate ^v hypothecation \^~ ^/ * identity -_jCl \./\ identify identification importation importer incorporate incorporation indemnify indemnity indenture infringement injunction ,. insolvency ' insolvent installment interest investment involve-d joint lease ledger lender liability lien liquidate liquidation mandamus margin market maturity maximum minimum national bank negotiate negotiation notary obligation outlawed overdrawn panic partial paym't partner partnership par value pass book payee pecuniary per annum percentage policy power of att'y president promissory pro rata prorate protest proxy quarterly quotation quote realty rebate receiver . refund register-ed reimburse .remit remittance replevin . resources returns revenue .schedule scrip secretary . security sight draft signature solvency solvent statement . statistics stock stockholder , speculation subsidy summons .surety surplus suspend syndicate teller transaction .transfer treasur-e-y treasurer trustee unsecured usage usurious usury voucher wealth-y L .. ~7". COMMERCIAL TERMS absolute accommodation /i ~~^ actual ' actually annual-ly . c S, applicant ^1 application assistant c ^ <= associate , assorted assortment P / attached - krSat. _. attachment attainable average v bale barrel breakage bundle \ ...U business cancel capacity cask change-d charge-d charter cheat circular clerk color commerce commercial-ly commission commissioner commodity communicate communication company competition competitive conclude conclusion conditional-ly confidential-ly connect connection consent consideration consign consigned consignee consignment consignor V > consolidate-d consul contract contractor correspond correspondence correspondent corresponding couple customer customs damage declaration delay . demurrage department detain-ed . detention discharge dispatch , distance distribute document . drawback drayage due bill .dull duplicate duty , employee en route enterprise entry especial-ly essential-ly esteemed estimate except exception expire expiration export express extend extension facsimile failure fee simple fixtures folio . freight furniture gallon garnishee 17.. COMMERCIAL TERMS Continued gauge goods gross weight ground guard household immaterial indicate indication industries infer inference inform inspector instant instruct interstate intimate inventory investigation invoice jobber judgment judicious junction license maintain manager manipulate material mention merchandise merchantable moderate monopoly namely net weight notification official-ly omit opposite patronage personal positive proceeding proprietor prosecute proximo quality quarantine question questionable quorum receipt recommend recommendation refer reference refused remainder renewal repair requisition response responsible restrict retail rule salesman salesmen salvage semiannual-ly shipment shipper special-ly statutory storage storehouse subsequent substitute-d sundries superintend-ent tare tariff telegram telephone terminal track trade trademark traffic transmit transpire transpose typewriter ultimo uniform-ity verdict warehouse warrant warrantee weight wholesale witness writ yard yield .&Co. RAILWAY TERMS S aboard abrogated accident acting air brake air line approximate audit auditor axle axle box bad order ballast-ing baggage baggage car belt line berth billing blockade block signal box car brakeman brake men broad gauge bumper caboose carded cargo carrier cattle guard classification coach collision commutation commute competitor conductor construction consumer consumption coupling crossing culvert cut-off cut rate demoralization derailed derrick differential dining car director disaster discriminate diversion I L_ L vo - r- division dock dockage drawhead drawlink east bound elevator embankment embargo embedded emigrant engineer equalize equipment equitabl-e-y excavation excursion expedition export extra fireman firstclass flag station flange flat car flat wheel fluctuat-e-ing folder foreman form number freightage freight bill frog gauger general sup't grad-e-ing hand car haul headlight hot box inland interlocking interspersed in transitu ironclad junction lantern legislation lighterage limit limitation local locomotive mail train 62 RAILWAY main line maintenance manifest message mileage motive power operator optional palace car parallel parlor car pass paymaster perishable platform pool postal car prepaid rack car railroad railway re-consigned redeemable refrigerator regulate release released reload report reship restoration restriction right of way road bed road master rolling stock v roundhouse ) scalper ^ seaboard seaworthy second-class section boss semaphore shipyard side track siding signal sleeper smash-up spikes standard time state rates state line station TERMS Continued = 4 t steel rail stevedore stock car stop-over stub switch subscriptions suburban switch switching switchback switch lights target telescope-d tender terminal terminus through bill tide water tie time card time-table tissue copy tonnage tracer track trackage train dispatcher train order T rail trailing transatlantic transcontinental transit transport transportable transportation transshipment transverse traveling trestle truck trunk line tunnel turntable up grade ventilators vestibule waybill way freight west bound wharf wharfage whistle wreck r MECHANICAL TERMS accelerate alloy aluminum amalgam ancony angle angular annealing anthracite anvil apparatus arrester asbestos automatic beakiron bearing bellows billet bituminous blast pipe blower boiler bolt brazing burnisher cable calcium calipers calking cam casting cast iron chamber chapleting chipping chisel clamp clevis clutch coil compression condenser conduit cone pulley converter core countershaft countersink crane crucible cupola cylinder die dividers dolly draughtsman drill press duplex dynamics eccentric elbow- engine equilibrium escapement exhaust face plate facing finning fins fire brick fire grate flux friction function furnace fuse gage cock gaggers ganister gear cutter generator gland grozing iron gudgeon hanger horse power (H. P.| hub hydraulic indicator ingate ingot interior jam nut jim-crow joint journal knuckle joint laboratory ladle lag screw larget lateral latterkin lever lingot loam longitudinal MECHANICAL TERMS Continued machine machinery _J mandrel --} \__ .' manufacture ^"' manufacturer mechanical mechanics mechanism metal meter micrometer milling mold momentum mullar nippers nowel output periphery pickle pig iron pillow block pinchers pinion piston pivot . planchet planer plant plasm plate pliers plunger pneumatic power propulsion pulley punch . rammer rasp ratchet register regulator relay repeater reversible revolution revolve risers rotate rotation safety valve screw wheel shafting \ JZ t shank sheave .- shim shuttle skew chisel slag sleeve smokestack socket soldering iron spindle spline sprue squeezer stationary steam chest steel sullage swage block 'swarf tailstock tamping tedge teeming punch teest temper . temperature templet T iron . toggle joint top plate T rest triblet trip shaft trowel trunnion tumbler tuyere tweezers twister vacuum valve gear valve rod velocity vibration vise water gauge welding winch wiper wire wordle wrench zinc 65 WRITING EXERCISES The rules under each lesson should be memorized and the engrayed characters read many times. The heavy strokes are shaded only enough to dis- tinguish them from the light strokes. They can be made sufficiently distinct at a single stroke by a slight pressure on the pen or pencil, thus avoiding the necessity of retracing the line. CONSONANTS Write a line of each consonant in your note- book, first writing the name of the consonant in longhand. When each consonant has been written once show your note- book to the instructor, who will examine and date it. Then fill out the line and have it examined, and dated again. P, B, T, D, Chay, J, K, Gay, Ray, Hay, F, V, Ith, The, L, S, Z, Ish, Zhee, Lay, Yay, R, Way, M, Emp-Emb, N, Ing-Ink, T, V, M, Ray, Yay, Ish, P, J, R, Emp, B, K, The, N, Zhee, Lay, Z, Ith, D, Way, S, Gay, Ing, Chay, V, Ink, Emb, Hay, Z, B, Ing, The, Hay, R, Ith, D, Way, N, Emp, T, Ish, M, S, J, V, Emb, Ray, F, P, K, Chay, Zhee, Gay, Lay, Yay, Ink. First outline written. '. uulKnes completed CONSONANTS COMBINED When consonants are joined, the first up or down stroke should rest upon the line. Combinations of hori- zontal consonants should rest upon the line. When two descending strokes are joined, the first rests upon the line 67 and the second descends below it. Each outline must be carefully and accurately formed. All strokes must be of the same length. R-R, Lay-Lay, N-D, K-B, N-B, K-J, N-Chay, P-Gay, Gay-P, Gay-T M-M, K-M, N-K, P-K, M-K, M-J, N-M, N-N, Lay-N, L-Ink, Etnp-Ray, R-Emb, M-Ing, Lay-R, V-M, F-N, N-V, Chay-N, Gay-M, K-T, Chay-Gay, Gay- Chay, Ish-K, K-Ish, K-P, Hay-N, B-Ing, R-M, V-K-T. M-GayJ, M-N-D, P-Ray-T, N-M-Lay, T-M-Ith, N-T-Ray, B-K-M, Ray-D-M, Ish-P-Lay, Emb-Lay-Ish, M-Ray-D, P-B- Lay-K, Lay-T-M-Lay, V-K-T-Ray. MAY d First oi^l tine tojriiten ... .. Outlines complete* LONG VOWELS Write all the consonants of a word before inserting the vowel or vowels. Each syllable of a word has but one vowel sound. In stenography, only the sounds of a word are expressed. When L/ is the only consonant stroke in the word, use Lay. After the words have been written once, and the instructor has made the necessary corrections, carefully note them, and then fill out the line, following the same course as with the consonants. ( WORDS : Ate, aid, aim, ace, bee, fee, thee, they, day, Coe, beau, eel, eke, ache, oak, eight, key, foe, Fay, gnaw, go, hoe, no, toe, jay, Joe, shoe, know, gay, Lou, law, ode, Lee, low, may, doe, way, neigh, awed, owed, ooze, oat, ease, paw, Toe, weigh, mow, saw, Shaw, show, woe, pay, so, say, nay, hay, woo, thaw, Abe, ale. WORD SIGNS : The, a, ah, all, too-two, already, before, owe-oh, ought, who, whom. 68 After the sentences have been written once and corrected by the instructor, each one should be written at least ten times. Two light ticks in the direction of Chay should be placed under a proper noun. SENTENCES*: i. They may all go. 2. They already know the way. 3. They may see the Jew. 4. Each saw the show. 5. Who saw the bee ? 6. All who ate may go. 7. Poe may weigh the hay. 8. Who saw the ode? 9. All who owe may pay. 10. Lee may aid Abe. n. See the foe. 12. The toe may ache. 13. Fay may pay the fee. 14. Who saw me? 15. They who go may see all. 16. The beau may already be gay. 17. Ah, they may know all. 18. Who may own the hay? 19. They all say Coe may already know the law. 20. Before they go they may see the ape eat all the dough. lten once ....... ....... Sentences comple1 , - A/np A new lesson must not be taken up until the principles and practice-matter of the previous ' one have been thoroughly mastered. Especial attention should be given to the word signs, which are of the utmost importance. SHORT VOWELS Remember that each sign represents invariably the same sound, and that it is always written in the same direction, except the letter // also that the first ascending or descending stroke in the outline is written in the position of the vowel in the accented syllable. Doubt may sometimes arise regarding the use of the short second-place vowels ; also regarding the use of the first and second-place heavy dash-signs. The distinct sounds in words of this class may be ascertained by refer- ence to a standard dictionary. In writing shorthand, however, the exact distinction is hardly necessary. Double consonants, as in Anna, dummy, muddy, etc., are expressed with but one stroke. WORDS : Atom, adage, Anna, bush, botch, batch, ship, path, cop, choppy, check, dip, Dutch, dummy, ago, pad, Emma, fang, nook, gang, Gibb, gush, haughty, Havana, echo, jug, kink, knock, love, map, muddy, muff, many, manage, fathom, notary, income, engage, baggage, enigma, emanate, dignity, unpack, unmake, famish, avenge, becalm, entomb, fatigue, jockey, Panama, become, name, cheap, cash, money, baggage, pack, boat, dock, book, back, big, pick, thick, deck, beg, catch, tag, Canada. WORD SIGNS : An-and, of, to, to the, or, but, to a, on, should, how. First outline written Outlines completed. SENTENCES: i. To whom should they go ? 2. Take the cup to Minnie. 3. Who took the book back to the nook ? 4. The boat may be at the beach before they know of it. 5. How may the money be paid to the Havana bank ? 6. Fatigue may make me leave before Anna or Adam. 7. Many a month may go before they see it. 8. Take a big dish for the honey cake. 9. Make a cup of cocoa before they go back. 10. Hitch the gay nag to the buggy in the meadow, n. Show Jennie how to pitch the penny to Tom. 12. But how should they see it if they go away ? 13. Bob and Mamie may take the boat on the calm bay. 14. They ought to see the two sheep eat the hay. 15. All should go to Canada to catch fish. 16. They should manage to engage the boat. 17. Who ought to pay the money ? Sentences written once Sentences completed DIPHTHONGS WORDS : Dye, by, due, eyed, joy, lie, nigh, row, few, gouge, hide, ivy, fife, mouth, pouch, tube, fume, tiny, chime, tithe, toil, toiler, boyish, dower, Jewish, joyous, loyal, vial, theory, along, avail, borrow, abide, file, vile, revile, veil, failing, feeling, fur, hurry, jury, lame, lucky, lack, long, loop, booth, link, lung, mellow, Murray, namely, outlay, outlaw, par, 70 ripe, rate, rink, review, renew, Raleigh, waylay, wring, wreath, tyro, early, pipe, couch, write, Rome, romp, mail, rail, empire, rare. WORD SIGNS : I-eye, you, hope-happy-party, object-be, to, be, time, it, dollar, do, had, which, much, advantage, large. First outline written. Outlines completed SENTENCES: I. Do you know how to make money and how to keep it ? 2. You may enjoy life if you know how to take advantage of it. 3. You should pay the bill which the party had to take. 4. Take the lower layer of the cake in the big dish. 5. Pack my bag full of food and take it to Tacoma. 6. Take the noisy boy to the shore to bathe in the sea. 7. Check the item on the bill before you go to the bank. 8. Ask the tailor to carry it to the polo game. 9. You may write out my idea now. 10. To be happy and live long you should do right. II. I hope a dollar a day may be of advantage to all. 12. Of how much advantage may it be to each party ? 13. They who borrow money should pay it back. 14. I may be in time to be of advantage to all. 15. I had to borrow a dollar to pay my bill. 16. Our object may be to see you pack the bag. Sentences written cnce Sentences completed REVIEW WRITING EXERCISE. WORDS: Aim, ahoy, ado, abbey, avow, Ann, Annie, anew, allay, ally, alley, alloy, adieu, aching, apathy, aiming, abode, alkali, bow, bag, bank, balky, babe, baby, bath, Booth, bang, balmy, boil, bug, buggy, beach, being, billow, balm, bedaub, botany, both, bathe, boat, coop, calm, choke, cheek, chub, chubby, chair, chum, cabbage, Choctaw, chiming, calk, chalk, coke, coach, cage, comb, came, chalky, Dey, dog, deep, dupe, damage, deify, downy, deem, dame, eighty, ell, Eli, etching, edging, epic, enigma, evoke, embalm, feud, fell, fall, far, folk, Fitchie, fagot, famish, foaming, fatigue, faith, fang, gawk, gig, gewgaw, game, gothic, Geneva, gape, infamy, jaggy, jog, jibe, Job, Jacob, Jamaica, knack, knew, lieu, levity, lady, manage, meadow, melody, monk, magic, mug, make, maim, monotony, 71 Mocha, myth, mouth, monk, monkey, mimic, mutiny, moth, Madonna, nag, new, nail, nabob, nib, nub, nymph, naming, Noah, Nero, Opie, off, oaf, owl, pew, pang, poke, patch, poach, papa, pop, pup, puppy, peep, peck, package, pagoda, Pope, palmy, thatch, tank, tooth, teeth, tame, teem, tar, thick, topic, tobacco, tomato, take, unfair, unmake, vail, veil, vivify, variety, vogue, viola. First outline written Outlines completed- SENTENCES : I. You ought to see how much you owe before you go away. 2. You or I should see of how much advantage it may be. 3. It may be in time to be of advantage to all. 4. Who ought to go to the bank ? 5. I am happy to say they may see it. 6. To whom should it be paid ? 7. Do you know the advantage which may be in it ? 8. How should I go to the rowing match in Canada? 9. My object may be to buy the large etching. 10. Which party ought to know of it ? Sentences written once Sentences completed CIRCLE S OR Z WORDS : Sick, seat, suit, side, siege, scythe, safe, seen, sin, soon, same, seem, sway, case, keys, teas, days, does, dues, joys, ages, edges, ashes, these, office, face, voice, nice, ounce, knows, alms, house, yes, sets, seeks, space, seeking, speech, savage, Sunday, Smith, smoke, seeming, sinking, Thomas, annex, notice, anxious, annoyance, exceed, cousin, task, Tues- day, upset, passage, fasten, inside, insane, says, seize, spicy, access, vices, accuses, mazes, success. WORD SIGNS : Is-his, as-has, subject, satisfy-fied, satis- factory, satisfactorily, several, advertise, advertises, because, this, thus-those, impossible-ility, improves, influence, influences. First outline written Outlines completed SENTENCES : i. James may arise early to see the sun rise. 2. You may sell a dozen signs of this design. 3. You should advertise the notice in the daily Sun. 4. Miss Smith should make 72 less noise at the show. 5. You may receive the offensive notice on Sunday. 6. Lucy asks if she may use my music box. 7. The assets of the bank are in excess of its losses. 8. I desire to know his reason to sell his houses. 9. If it is satisfactory you may advertise it now. 10. It is impossible to know its influence on the masses, n. Miss Shaw possesses a nice voice to sing songs. 12. If the snow thaws, the seeds may be sown. Sentences written once Sentences completed LOOPS ST OR STR If the sound of st or str precedes a final vowel sound, the loops cannot be used. WORDS : Staid, august, paste, nest, hoist, guessed, Yost, soonest, safest, just, justice, stark, stork, solaced, fairest, forest, deepest, debased, fastest, funniest, stimulus, mustiest, repast, biggest, deduced, sticky, stubby, s'eamy, stuffy, stacks, stages, stakes, stalls, steals, stumps, stitches, stubs, stings, stores, stars, stairs, stole, styles, Hester, boaster, register, hoists, jests, feasts, lists, mists, baste, bastes, baster, boasters, jesters, coasters, posters, toasters, teamsters. WORD SIGNS : Advertised, first, at first, largest, influenced, next, stenography. Sentences written once -Sentences completed - SENTENCES : I . You should make haste slowly these chilly days. 2. Thomas lost the list of our stock of stoves. 3. The starch is sticky and may make the stuff too stiff. -4. Mary refused to receive the revised list of sales. 5. I am rejoiced to know of his arrest yesterday. 6. The minister may invest his money in stocks. 7. You may take the highway which goes to Worcester. 8. They may sell the rusty stove at the store. 9. The robust teamster may molest the gamesters at Rochester. 10. They should at first testify as to his unjust arrest, n. You should at least be happy to possess it. 12. The next to the largest has influenced us. Sentences written once Sente*ices completed 73 SEMICIRCLES W AND Y The zss circle, the ist loop, and the semicircles must be made very small. WORDS : Widows, widower, wag, wink, war, windy, Edwin, wine, won, warehouse, work, wall, well, window, Wednesday, worst, Wheeling, wisp, stairway, Swiss, yes, yoke, yawn, youngest, twitch, dweller, quill, quit, quietly, qualm, queer, Quebec, unquiet, acquire, swing, Swede, squeak, squire, square, hem, hark, harem, hail, hill, help, hallow, holy, hale, haziness, whack, whiz, whistle, whisky, whip, whims, whiff, whittle, wheel, whine, feeling, failing. In the middle of words, that form for / or r is used which makes the better angle with the preceding or following stroke. L, following the w-semicircle, must be written downward. WORD SIGNS : He-him, we- with, were, what, would, year, yet, beyond, you, that, when, aware. First outline written Outlines completed , SENTENCES : i . The worst of the storm has now passed away. 2. Weave the wide web and you may receive wages. 3. Unyoke the oxen and they may go to the hedge. 4. The)' may sell Tweed's dwelling house to Dwight. 5. Take the tweezers and twist the casters off the bureau. 6. Why do you wish to whistle here at this time? 7. The wheat may make white and wholesome hoe cakes. 8. We were all aware that you were in Wyoming. 9. The hammock is swung on the banks of the Wabash. 10. Why do you go to the game of whist with the whistler? n. We were with you on last Wednesday at Owego. 12. You should be aware of it by this time. 13. You should now write these items in the right way. Sentences written once. Sentences completed 74 PHRASEOGRAPHY Do not combine words which join awkwardly. Join only words which are closely connected either naturally or grammatically. Do not try to form very long or com- plicated phrases. Common words, such as in, if, at, our, me, may, they, way, know, no, go, take, make, buy, these, etc., may be written without vowels. PHRASES : You will have, you are, you may, you must be, you must have ; we think, we think you will, we shall have, we shall be ; it is, it must, it must be, it must have, in that, that which, that which may, in his, if you will, if you will be ; in these, in each, in this, in which, in those, in much, in each case, in which case ; of it, to it, on it, should it, to have ; I will be, I will have, I will do, I am sorry ; I shall have, I shall be, I think you will be, I fear you will, I hope you will, I hope you may ; have the, for the, in the, take the, by the way, in the way, in the west ; we will be, we will have, we will do, we are in, we are sorry ; you will, I will, we will, he will, they will. Sentences written once Sentences completed SENTENCES : I. It is of common advantage to give it together. 2. The company will come for half an hour. 3. Have they given it to us, or are you going to do so ? 4. Have you ever seen them do so? 5. I will thank them a thousand times for it. 6. I think, however, it will be to our advantage. 7. We shall issue our usual important book this year. 8. Your language will make us go away soon. 9. Is the thing of any importance to our own case? 10. I think you would be sorry if we should go with them. ii. You must in each case do as we desire. 12. I hope you will have no wish to do so. 13. If you will take the road to the west you will be all right. 14. In this case I shall be happy to have you sing the song. 15. We will have the improvement ready by the 15th of May. Sentences written once ^Sentences completed 75 THE R HOOK The r hook in the middle of an outline sometimes cannot be perfectly formed, in which case it is retraced on the preceding stroke. In the middle of outlines the circle must be made on the inside of the hook on straight strokes. Merand Emper cannot be used after T, D, Chay, and/. WORDS : Drape, drag, grape, trail, thrash, caprice, pauper, approach, dapper, daughter, hammer, banner, camphor, favors, traverse, cracker, abridge, authority, scrap, abstruse, creek, freak, shred, decrease, generous, Denver, educator, embrace, pressure, precede, trespass, treason, reproach, redress, presence, treasure, setter, scream, chemistry, tribe, crib, fiber, spider, diagram, silver, Fisher, triumph, increase, strips, industry, dishonor, broil, prop, prong, broth, broom, growl, throb, brother, lumber, thinker, anger, proceed, grocer, soldier, program, oppressive, strong, scroll, rumor, lunar, crusade, numerous, quaver, crutch, ludicrous, trustee, succor, supremacy, supersede, lustrous, quarter, quarterly, crystal, university, Friday, dexterous, extremity, seamstress. WORD SIGNS : Appear, principle-al-ly, practice, member- remember, number, doctor, dear, during, danger, larger, degree, from, there-their. First outline written Outlines completed SENTENCES : I. The preacher was eager to preach at Troy on Thursday. 2. The robber caused much labor and bother for us. 3. The shipper will protest that the wharfage was extra. 4. They must try to escape from the State prison. 5. Doctor Baker and his brother have the principle practice there. 6. It appears that they must pay the next quarter's dues. 7. The industrious baker is extremely generous. 8. The members agree to all that we require. 9. The doctor was away during the danger of the fever. 10. They may ship the paper and crackers by the next express, u. The subscribers disagree with the editor of the 76 paper. 12. The lumber fell on the younger brother's finger and broke it. 13. The baker and the banker must purchase a banner and wave it. Sentences written once Sentences completed THE L HOOK The r hook must always be made very small, so that it may not conflict with the / hook on curved letters. WORDS : Clause, glass, pliable, blemish, clump, climax, clothe, clumsy, Clara, clog, closed, glares, gleam, glum, glimpse, flake, flimsy, Florida, fling, fluency, flabby, flogs, papal, pebble, entitle, beetle, cackle, chattel, fickle, giggle, plumper, blank, circle, declaim, diploma, employ, emblem, enclose, festival, syllable, radical, tenable, technical, poetical, parable, novelty, admirable, variable, vital, splices, penal, diagonal, amicable, bashful, chemical, declivity, temporal, spinal, joyful, reliance, pliable, shingle, survival, wrinkle, implore, desirable, ramble, explicable, invaluable, paternal, warble, criminal, problem, chronicle, struggle, scruple, perplex. WORD SIGNS : People-d, apply, belong-ed, at all-until, deliver-y, equal-ly, difficul-ty, follow, value. First outline written Outlines completed SENTENCES: i. To whom does the black cloak belong? 2. I will enclose an envelope. 3. Flora was the only girl in the class who pleased the teacher. 4. \Ve are now able to display our flag in all climes; 5. You may receive the reply by cable to- morrow. 6. The clock was placed in the chapel to tell the time. 7. The classical pupil must apply at the university. 8. The faculty was in the assembly hall on Friday. 9. The title to the tunnel was official, but it was of no value. 10. You must settle for the supply of satchels when they are placed on sale. II. The clause in the classics pleases the pupils of all classes. Sentences written once Sentences completed 77 THE N HOOK The hook forms cannot be used before a final vowel. In the middle of outlines the circle must be made on the inside of the hooks on straight strokes. WORDS : Pin chin, grown, spin, stain, sudden, seven, ?dden, downs, chance, instance, assistance, expanse, bounce, bounced, bounces, bouncer, dispenses, responses, dampen, barren, famine, deepen, enjoin, refine, bench, vacancy, penny, Vienna, rainy, fans, earns, offense, offenses, whitens, sponsor, bunch, finances, leaner, occupancy, punish, mince, nuns, canes, dense, duns, tons, abstain, arraign, assign, assignee, aspen, button, campaign, cheapen, detain, discern, engine, examine, foreign, hidden, humane, illumine, Japan, lemon, oranges, linen, machine, stiffen, stolen, summon, sullen, thine, turn, wagon, weapon, whetstone, woven, bonny, Illinois, hempen, Spanish, zones, gunnery, soften, enhance. Puff, beef, reef, rebuff, tariff, sheriff, pave, repave, bereave, coffee, purify, verify, Java, defeat, refer, recovery, devote, river, puffs, achieves, heaves. WORD SIGNS ', General-ly, can, begin, phonography, opinion, our own, your own, at length, at once, generals-ize, generalized, remembrance, differ-ent-ence, advance-d, careful-ly, hope to have, whatever, out of, whichever, whoever. First outline written Outlines completed _ SENTENCES : i. Will you join in the fun down town at seven o'clock? 2. John Shane will assign his stock to his assignee. 3. Refine the iron, and finish it within twenty days. 4. I incline to make many bayonets for use in Oregon. 5. The chances for making your expenses in Kansas are slim. 6. The finances of the bank in this financial strain have increased. 7. The expenses'of the princes at the dances were out of all reason. 8. They announce that he evinces many signs against the loans. 9. It is your opinion that they will begin work at once. 10. I observe that he refers to the discovery of the reef. n. The sensitive man has no incentive to refuse the trophy. 12. You may refuse to revise his defense at 78 the trial. 13 As a general thing you can begin the study of phonography in your own town. 14. Our own opinion is that whatever is done you -will hear at once. 15. The general's re- membrance of it will at length be right. 16. Whoever goes should be careful to come out of it in time. 17. Whatever differ- ence there is, and. whichever way you go, it will be our gain. Sentences written once Sentences completed THE SHUN HOOK WORDS : Omission, ovation, sedition, collision, partition, vocation, mention, dictation, selection, legation, pollution, loco- motion, ascension, aspiration, digression, abolition, violation, division, passionate, stationary, missionary, reception, inception, obligation, benediction, discretion, attrition, creation, suction, affliction, prostration, production, abbreviation, dissipation, pre- sumption, superstition, exclusion, designation, emigration, ex- pedition, exclamation, expiration, exultation, subscription, ex- ploration, execution, passions, auctions, mentions, affections, sessions, fashions, deceptions, locations, resolutions. Civilization, deposition, exposition, succession, taxation, dis- pensation, secession, vexation, musicians, decisions, positions, possessions. WORD SIGNS : Objection, information, satisfaction, descrip- tion, from over, very there-their, other, sure-ly, pleasure, Mr- remark-able-bly, more, describe-d, practiced, character, characters, characterized, characteristic. First outline -written Outlines completed _ SENTENCES : i. It is the intention to give an option on sales at the auction. 2. I have a notion that education is a delusion. 3. The national ambition is to have attention given to the opera- tion. 4. He sanctions their actions for the nation's progress. 5. There is opposition to the possession of our new acquisitions. 6. The decision of the musicians for a cessation of the play gives satisfaction. 7. What objection is there to the information if it gives satisfaction? 8. The description he receives from them is 79 very fine. 9. We surely had much pleasure from his remark on this occasion. 10. Their sessions were more noisy than is usually the case. II. Is there to be any motion from the other side? 12. Mr. Brown and Mr. Jones will surely be there on that occasion. 13. They had more pleasure from his remarks than from others. 14. If you will pay attention to the directions you will be master of the situation. Sentences written once _ Sentences completed HALF LENGTH STROKES A half length stroke cannot precede a final vowel sound. A compound character is one used with the semi- circle or with an initial or final hook, or heh tick. Pat, cheat, coat, feat, meet, mate, not, shut, sipped, soaked, soft, smite, skate, slate, cats, fights, hacked, good, bids, saved, reach, reached, bake, baked, vivid, rigid, argued, aimed, made, mode, seemed, end, send, sound, signed, sinned, doomed, timid, descend, Pratt, street, sobered, blade, tend, attend, mound, brought, great, greatly, ascertained, attract, October, abound, enchant, Kentucky, resume, scold, framed, field, veiled, absurd, whetted, payment, print, reeled, ruled, crate, create, pot, poet, endued, endowed, invite, invited, headed, padded, faded, derived, divided, shrouded, righted, pickled, bottled, tackled, awaited, dieted, unedited, agitated, ray, raid, raided, radiate, radiated, inundated, Benedict, acted, dated, freighted. Doing, making, saying, having, missing, hopping, aiding, abusing, tracing ; ravings, sayings, ratings, openings ; watch- ing the, dividing the, mocking the, arranging the ; feasibility, invisibility, visibility, mutability, temporality, totality, circu- larity, muscularity, vulgarity. WORD SIGNS : Particular-ly, opportunity, part, remem- bered, at hand, did not, do not, had not, gentlemen, gentle- man, quite, could, good, that, without, immediate-ly, under, hand-owned, somewhat. Outlines written once Outlines completed. 80 SENTENCES : r. In spite of the fight he sent the mat late last night. 2. He vowed that the deed would be void if not sent soon. 3. The talkative man went to the tent and betrayed the band. 4. You should take pride in the gift sent by the general. 5. The noted man who offended us will be avoided. 6. He edited the report which was dated last week. 7. They are thinking of trying to buy the shining cup. 8. They are speaking of paying for the drawings. 9. The engravings will be shown at the meetings of the society. 10. We did not know because we had not heard of it. II. His responsibility and popularity are very great because of his prosperity. 12. I remember that we had a particularly good op- portunity without his aid. 13. We did not know that the gentle- man was at hand at that time. 14. He said that part of it would be sent immediately to the shipper. 15. If he made it wrong th?.t will be the end of it. Sentences written once Sentences completed DOUBLE LENGTH STROKES WORDS : Fighter, latter, mutter, shouter, flutter, flatter, alter, softer, smatter, salter, saunter, sender, surrender, cinder, matters, slanders, shatters, enters, finder, vendor, asunder, lender, whiter, yonder, wonder, hinder, islander, flounder, mentor, warder, astral, inventor, thermometer, defrauder, smel- ter, disorder, provender, intercept, interfere, interrupt, inter- dict, interest, introduce, entertain, entertained. Concede, conceit, conceive, concise, concur, condemn, con- dense, confine, consent, consign, contract, convince, conception, conclusion, combination, comfort, commend, communication, communicate, compel, competent, comply, accommodate, dis- continue, inconvenient, reconsider, intercommunication, circum- vent, self-educated, self-support, insert, insertion, insulation, magnifiable, magnetic, countersign, contradict, controversy. WORD SIGNS : Material, immaterial, commence, commenced, commences-United States, circumstance, circumstances, inex- perience, inexperienced. Outline written once Outlines completed 81 SENTENCES: i. I shall write a letter to father and mother about it. 2. The diameter of the meters is another matter. 3 The voters were in the center of the fighters. 4. The cylinder was too slender for the shutters. 5. I must confess that I did not consider your communication. 6. I have concluded that the condition of the concern is contrary to good order. 7. In recognition of the compensation received I will recommend you to the committee. 8. It is self-evident that his self-respect is an inspiration. 9. We must circumvent them and be self-possessed. 10. The instrument was an inspiration to all who heard it. n. The magnificent scene could not be too greatly magnified. 12. It is immaterial when you commence to ship the motors. 13. Under the circumstances we will not consider his inexperience. 14. The United States possess material for all purposes. 15. It is an experienced man who has commenced to render their accounts. Sentences written once Sentences completed ... UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. Form L9-10m-3,'48 ( A7920 ) 444 UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA AT < MBRARY Z56 E36u 1918 -