THE ENGINEERING DRAUGHTSMAN E. ROWARTH, A.M.I.E.E. THE ENGINEERING DRAUGHTSMAN THE ENGINEERING DRAUGHTSMAN BY E. ROWARTH, A.M.I.E.E. / INSTRUCTOR IN ENGINEERING DESIGN AND DRAWING, GEOMETRY AND GRAPHICS, ETC. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC AUTHOR OF "ELEMENTS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING" WITH % FULL PLATE ILLUSTRATIONS AND OVER 150 EXAMPLES NEW YORK E. P. DUTTON AND COMPANY PUBLISHERS X PREFACE THIS book is intended for the use of students who are already familiar with the Elementary Principles of Engineering Drawing. The examples provided call for the practical application of these principles in the production of "working" drawings, and an attempt is made to provide for students a course of work comparable to that of a draughtsman during his apprenticeship. The work of the average junior draughtsman varies, of course, very considerably in different classes of work and in different offices, but may be fairly summed up as follows : (1) Making working drawings of details from information obtained from general arrangement drawings. (2) Making assembly or arrangement drawings from detailed working drawings. (3) Making working drawings of details of new machines similar to machines previously made, but with modifications in both size and shape. (4) Making working drawings from dimensioned sketches taken from actual machine details. (5) Making working drawings to verbal instructions and hand sketches, and (6) Tracing. In the following pages there are numerous examples covering cases 1, 2, 3, and 6. Case 4 is easily provided for by the use of models and actual machine parts, the latter being distinctly preferred. An instructor who has had some practical experience should have little difficulty in providing for Case 5. It will thus be possible to arrange that a student's work runs on paral- lel lines with that of the apprentice draughtsman. The practice of specialising in any one particular branch of engineering in the early stages of a student's career should not be encouraged. The essential foundation work of all engineering drawing is the same, whichever branch may be 435421 vi THE ENGINEEEING DKAUGHTSMAN finally selected for specialisation, and specialisation may fittingly come towards the end of a student's course. In the meantime his drawing office work should include, as his other work does, as many branches of engineering as possible. The collection of examples given in this book makes it possible to provide a course of work which will give the student a comparatively wide experience. A perusal of the List of Plates will reveal the scope and variety of the work provided. In many cases sufficient infor- mation is given to enable students to make sets of working drawings of complete machines, and the natural preference to deal with a machine in its entirety rather than with some isolated part of it is thus catered for. Amongst such complete machines that are included may be mentioned a steam hammer, a hydraulic capstan, a single ram pump, a hydraulic press, an air pump, an oil pump, a steam engine governor, and a lathe. It is not intended that the plates shall be capable of inter- pretation without the aid of the text. Indeed, the description lists, which largely monoplise the space usually devoted to text, should be considered as integral parts of the instruction sheets and should similarly form an integral part of every working drawing. The method of indicating the various materials by the use of different kinds of section lining has not been adopted in making the illustrations, nor is it recommended in the making of working drawings. An infinitely safer plan is to definitely specify in the description list the particular material required. Many of the plates are perhaps somewhat disfigured by the lavish use of reference letters and numbers, but since these references render the plates easier of interpretation it was con- sidered desirable to sacrifice appearance for utility. In a large majority of cases the text describing any particular plate will be found on the page facing the plate, thus obviating the necessity of turning over leaves for purposes of reference. Owing to the length of the description lists in a few cases the accompanying text occupies an additional following page. The book has been divided into sections for convenience of reference, but it is not intended that the examples should be worked in their numerical order. Instructors naturally prefer to plan their own courses for their students, but for students working privately the alternative courses outlined on page xii will be found serviceable. By the kind permission of the British Engineering Standards Committee, tables concerning standard bolts and nuts, screw threads and keys are included towards the end of the book, PKEFACE vii together with tables of wire gauges, decimal and millimetre equivalents, and weights of materials. The author's thanks are also due to Professor Unwin, LL.D., F.R.S., for the privilege of including his methods for determining approximate involute and cycloidal shapes of gear- wheel teeth. To his esteemed colleagues, Messrs. H. M. Edmonds, Esq., B.Sc., J. Beaumont Shaw, Esq., A.E.C.S., Wh.Ex., A. T. Dover, Esq., A.M.I.E.E., and H. L. Dingwall, Esq., the writer is greatly indebted for helpful criticism and suggestions, and takes this opportunity to express his gratitude for their services. Especially does the author realise how much he owes to the conscientious labours of Mr. Edmonds, and it is not too much to say that whatever measure of immunity from error the book may possess is largely attributable to the meti- culous care exercised by Mr. Edmonds in his checking of the drawings from which the blocks were made. Finally the author would place on record his gratitude to all the engineering firms who so generously supplied prints of their working drawings, by the aid of which he was able to make the illustrations. A list of these firms will be found on the following page. E. K. BATTERSEA POLYTECHNIC May, 1919 The following is a list of the engineering firms to whom the author is indebted for the supply of working drawings. Messrs. Thomas Beeley & Son, Ltd., Hyde, Manchester. Belliss & Morcom, Ltd., Birmingham. Beyer Peacock & Co., Ltd., Manchester. The Brush Electrical Engineering Co., Ltd., Loughborough, Leicestershire. Crofts Ltd., Bradford, Yorks. Davidson & Co., Ltd., Belfast. The Gnome & Le Rhone Engine Co., Ltd., London, E. 17. Humber Ltd., Coventry. Maiden & Co., Ltd., Tool Makers, Hyde. Marshall Sons & Co., Ltd., Gainsborough. B. & S. Massey, Ltd., Openshaw, Manchester. Musgrave Bros., Leeds. The Newall Engineering Co., Ltd., London, E. 17. Huston Proctor & Co., Ltd., Lincoln. The Skefko Ball Bearing Co., Ltd., Luton. R. A. Skelton & Co., Moorfields, London. South-Eastern and Chatham Railway Co. (per James Clayton, Esq.). Tangyes Ltd., Birmingham. Turbine Gears, Ltd., Hyde. Turner, Atherton & Co., Ltd., Den ton, Manchester. The Unbreakable Pulley and Mill Gearing Co., Ltd., Manchester. The Vaughan Crane Co., Ltd., Openshaw, Manchester. LIST OF PLATES INTRODUCTION. 1. Specimen Working Drawing 2. Specimen Working Drawing SECTION I. GENERAL ENGINEERING. xx xxii 9. 10. 11. 12. Flexible Coupling for Shafts . 2 Benn Patent Friction Clutch . 4 Head Gear Pulley for Mine Shaft 8 Housing for Sirocco Fan . . 10 Bearing for Mine Ventilating Fan 12 Hanger Bracket with Ball- bearing 14 Pedestal Thrust-bearing . . 1C Block for 10-ton Crane . . 18 Spring Relieving Block for 40- ton Crane . . . .20 Steel Stanchion . 24 SECTION II. TOOTHED GEARING. 13. Cycloidal Curves and Teeth 30 14. Involute Curves and Teeth 34 15. Types of Gear Wheels 36 16. Internal Spur Gearing 38 17. Bevel Gearing . . 40 18. Helical Gearing . 42 19. Worm Gearing . . 44 20. Worm Gearing Housing 46 SECTION III. DETAILS OP LOCOMOTIVES AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES. 21. Locomotive Valve Rod Guide . 50 22. Locomotive Cross-head (Two Bar) 54 23. Locomotive Cross-head (Single Bar) 56 24. Locomotive Cylinder Cover (Me- tallic Packing) . . . 58 25. Locomotive Steam Regulator . 26. H.S. Steam Engine Connecting Rod . . . . ! 27. H.S. Steam Engine Eccentric and Rod . 28. Traction Engine Cylinders 29. Traction Engine Valves and Pistons 30. Traction Engine Cylinder Covers 31. Traction Engine Cylinder Covers 32. Pickering Governor 33. Pickering Governor 34. Pickering Governor 35. Turbine Governor 36. Turbine Governor 60 62 64 66 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 SECTION IV. STEAM BOILERS AND MOUNTINGS. 37. 5" Steam Stop Valve . 38. Scum Cock for Locomotive Boiler .... 39. Ramsbottom Safety Valves 40. Traction Engine Firebox . 41. Marine Type Boiler . 42. Suckling Water Tube Boiler 43. Suckling Water Tube Boiler Details . 86 88 90 92 94 98 100 SECTION V. DETAILS OP AEROPLANE ENGINES AND MOTOR VEHICLES. 44. Aeroplane Propeller Hub . . 104 45. Cylinder, etc., for Gnome En- gine .... 46. Air Pump for Gnome Engine 47. Oil Pump for Gnome Engine 48. Cone Clutch for Motor Car 49. Gear Box for Motor Car . 50. Steering Gear for Motor Omni bus 106 108 112 116 120 124 THE ENGINEERING DRAUGHTSMAN SECTION VI. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. 51. Field Magnet (C.C. Generator) 128 52. Armature (G.C. Generator) 132 53. Commutator (C.C. Generator) 134 54. Pedestal Bearing (C.C. Gene rator) .... 136 55. Brush Holder (C.C. Generator) 138 56. Stator (Induction Motor) . 140 57. Rotor, Slip Rings, etc. (Indue tion Motor) . . . 142 58. End Frame and Bearing (Indue tion Motor) .... 144 59. Brush Holder (Induction Motor) 146 SECTION VII. HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING. 60. Hydraulic Stop Valve . . 150 61. Hydraulic Press, Details . . 152 62. Hydraulic Press, Details . . 154 63. Single Ram Pump, Details . 156 64. Single Ram Pump, Details . 153 65. Hydraulic Capstan, Arrangement 160 66. Hydraulic Capstan, Bedplate . 162 67. Hydraulic Capstan, Revolving Plate 164 68. Hydraulic Capstan, Crank Shaft, etc 166 69. Hydraulic Capstan, Cylinders, etc 168 70. Hydraulic Capstan, Valves . 170 71. Hydraulic Capstan, Valves and Unions . . . 172 SECTION VIII. MACHINE TOOLS AND JIGS. 72. Shell-ending Lathe, Arrange- ment 176 PLATE PAGE 73. Shell-ending Lathe, Stand, etc. 178 74. Shell-ending Lathe, Bed . . 180 75. Shell-ending Lathe, Saddle . 182 76. Shell -ending Lathe, Spindle, etc ...... 184 77. Square Turret for Lathe . . 186 78. Pipe-screwing Machine, Arrange- ment ..... 188 79. Pipe-screwing Machine, Bed . 190 80. Pipe-screwing Machine, Swivel Saddle Details . . .192 81. Pipe-screwing Machine, Swivel Saddle Details . . .194 82. Pipe-screwing Machine, Swivel Saddle Arrangement . . 196 83. Pipe-screwing Machine, Turning Head ..... 198 84. Pipe-screwing Machine, Tool Holder ..... 200 85. Pipe-screwing Machine, Leading Screw ..... 202 86. Pipe-screwing Machine, Driving Gear ..... 204 87. Pipe-screwing Machine, Stands, etc ...... 206 88. Drilling Jig .... 208 89. Drilling Jig .... 210 SECTION IX. 1 CWT. STEAM HAMMER. 90. Base Plate . . . .216 91. Standards ..... 218 92. Cylinders and Valves . . 220 93. Actuating Gear Details . . 224 94. Foot Gear ..... 226 95. Actuating Gear Arrangement . 228 96. Foundation . . 230 LIST OF TABLES PAGE British Standard Bolts, Nuts, and Screw Threads 232 Fine Screw Threads Pipe Threads Sellers', Metric, and B.A. Screw Threads ... %& British Standard Keys 235 Weights of Materials Imperial Standard Wire Gauge Birmingham Wire Gauge Decimal Equivalents of Fractional Parts of an Inch . . ^ Metrical Table with English Equivalents SUGGESTED COUESES OF WORK THE arrangement of examples given below provides a varied programme of work, detailing, assembling, modification of design, and tracing examples alternating with each other, the examples being taken from all sections of the book. As far as possible they are graded so as to be increasingly difficult, though this is not always a feasible or strictly necessary plan. 1. Ex. 7, p. 11, or Ex. 12, p. 17 31. Ex. 6, p. 9, or Ex. 34, p. 47 2. 36, 51, 47, 65 32. , 92, 135, , 90, 133 3. 52, 71, 53, 71 33. , 76, 107, , 78, 110 4. 14, 19, 17, 22 34. 77, 107, , 38, 52 5. 68, 89, 69, 91 35. , 71, 93, , 72, 95 6. 8, 11, 70, 91 36. 64, ,, 87, , 98, 141 7. 42, 59, 39, 55 37. , 128, 173, , 129, 173 8. 10, 15, 9, 13 38. , 99, ,, 143, 93, 137 9. 11, 15, 48, 65 39. , 103, 145, 100, 143 10. 2, 3, , 4, 6 40. , 18, 22, 15, 19 11. 3, 6, 28, 43 41. , 66, , 87, 16, 19 12. 41, , 57, 45, 61 42. , 139, , 191, 144, 199 13. 40, , 55, , 106, 147 43. , 88, , 130, 97, 141 14. ,, 75, , 105, 82, 118 44. , 94, , 137, 101, 145 15. 19, , 25, 37, 52 45. , 110, , 153, 112, 155 16. 13, , 17, 50, , 69 46. , 27, , 41, 26, 39 17. 20and21, p. 32, J^ 6 *^ ^f^one 47. 48. , 147, , 142, , 205, , 197, 146, 203 141, 193 18. ,, 22 and 23, p. 35, \ / vtor any course. 49. , 108, , 151, , 43, 59 19. 89, p. 133, or Ex. 91, p. 135 50. , 109, , 151, 35, 47 20. 125, 171, , 126, , 171 51. , 155, , 222, 156, 222 21. 24, 37, , 25, , 37 52. , 149, , 209, 150, 211 22. 127a, 171, , , 127b, , 171 53. , 79, , 110, 81, 114 23. 122, 169, , 123, , 169 54. , 95, , 137, 54, 71 24. 114, 157, 111, , 153 55. , 115, , 159, 145, 201 25. 31, 45, , 32, , 45 56. , 57, , 75, , 61, , 81 26. 135, , 185, , 131, , 179 57. 60, , 79, 62, , 81 27. 136, , 185, 132, , 179 58. 117, , 161, 130, , 177 28. 137, , 187, 140, , 191 59. 153, , 219, ,, 152, , 217 29. 55, , 73, , , 65, , 87 60. 138, , 189, 151, , 215 30. 85, , 125, 83, , 122 INTRODUCTION TT CORKING Drawings. The majority of the examples ry included in this book call for the making of working drawings, and Plates Nos. 1 and 2 show specimen working drawings as used by two up-to-date engineering firms. To have one detail only on each shop print seems to be the modern conception of a working drawing. Though more work for the drawing office staff is entailed, the saving of time in the works when this system is adopted, more than compensates for the extra cost of the drawing office work. Where half a dozen or more details of a machine are shown on one drawing, a practice still common with probably the majority of firms, much time is wasted and the progress of work in the shops considerably retarded by the fact that several work- men may be requiring the drawing at the same time. Since blue prints are so cheap and are so quickly made this difficulty is sometimes overcome by having several copies of a drawing issued to the works. This remedy is, however, not without its defects. However good the "drawing registration" in a works may be, " shop copies " will get mislaid, and if alterations to a drawing require to be made, there is always the chance that one or more of the shop copies will be missing at the time the alterations are made. The consequences are perhaps too obvious to need comment. Arrangement of Views. The Method of Projection used in making the illustrations in the following pages is the method most frequently used in this country. It is therefore suggested that the same method should be generally adhered to by the student. At the same time the student should indubitably be acquainted with the other method of projection which is used by many, but not by the majority of engineers. The difference between the two methods will be clearly understood by reference to the following sketches. xiii XIV THE ENGINEERING DRAUGHTSMAN METHOD I METHOD 2 In Method No. 1 (the method adopted for the plates in this book) a view placed in position A is taken looking in the direc- tion indicated by arrow (1). A view placed in position B is taken, looking in the direction of arrow (2) and a view placed in position C is taken looking in the direction of arrow (3). In Method No. 2, view D is taken looking in the direction of arrow (4), view E looking in direction of arrow (5), and view F in direction of arrow (6). This method is sometimes modified by making view F a view looking in direction of arrow (7). It may be conceded in favour of the second method that it is much more convenient to use in "certain cases" than is the first method. As an example consider the case of the general arrangement drawing of a locomotive where, in addition to a longitudinal elevation, an end elevation looking on the smoke- box and an end elevation looking on the footplate end may be required. It is obviously easier to read the drawing if the views are arranged by Method No. 2 rather than by Method No. 1, and there are numerous similar examples of a like character which might be named. For the vast majority of cases, however, it may be assumed that Method No. 1 is the better one. In reading a drawing it is usually a simple matter to determine in which direction a view has been taken. Where this is not perfectly obvious a definite statement in writing should be made by the draughtsman on the drawing. This is particularly desirable in depicting articles which may be made right- or left-handed. Number of Views Required. Whatever differences of opinion there may be as to the Method of Projection, there can be only one opinion as to the number of views that are essential. The complete shape of the object depicted must be shown. It may require one, two, three, or even more views, but unless the com- INTBODUCTION xv plete shape is clearly indicated the drawing is not a good working drawing. It sometimes happens that so many dimensions are required that it is advisable to add an extra view on which some of the dimensions may be placed in order to avoid unduly crowding the other views. This extra view, however, adds nothing to the information regarding shape. Dimensioning. Working drawings are usually fully dimen- sioned. In addition to depicting the complete shape, every size or dimension is given, so that the drawing forms a complete record of the object illustrated. It is the practice with some engineering firms to provide for the machine shops special copies of the working drawings on which are given only those dimensions relating to machining. In some cases this refinement is carried still further and each section of the machine shop is provided with its own specially dimensioned print. For example, a casting which in turn re- quires drilling, turning, and milling operations would, involve the use of three different blue prints. The print supplied to the driller contains only those dimensions relating to the size, number, and positions of the holes that have to be drilled. The print provided for the turner will show only those dimensions giving the diameters, lengths, and positions of the turned sur- faces. The milling machine operator works to a print on which appear only the dimensions necessary to enable him to carry out the milling operation. In short every process has its own specially dimensioned print provided for it. Undoubtedly there is much to be said for both these ideas as the saving of time in the machine shops which results must be considerable. As a set off against this time saving in the works there has to be taken into account the extra drawing office work involved, the multiplicity of tracings and prints, and the extra filing, registra- tion, etc. Whatever type of print is deemed most suitable for the machine shops it is essential that the pattern-makers and smiths should be supplied with prints containing practically every dimension, and the engineering firms using this type of print as their standard shop copy are still in a large majority. In dimensioning a drawing it is the practice in some offices to use inches and parts thereof. In others feet and inches are used, any dimension over 12" being expressed in feet and inches. In other offices where feet and inches are used, feet are not introduced for any dimension under 24". This is largety a matter of taste, influenced somewhat by the length of measuring staffs in use. There is no law controlling this matter. All that need be said concerning it is that if "feet" xvi THE ENGINEEEING DBAUGHTSMAN are used there should be a distinct gap, with a horizontal line across it, between the figures representing feet and those repre- senting inches, as thus 2" 2", and not thus 2' 2". The student will probably have learned by this time that apart from decimal parts of inches the inch fractions used by engineers are halves, quarters, eighths, sixteenths, thirty-seconds and sixty-fourths, and occasionally -ris"- The use of any other fraction is not permissible. Indication of Machined Surfaces. Probably in the majority of cases nowadays the surfaces that require to be machined are indicated in some way on the working drawing. In some offices it is the practice to do this on the blue print only, the custom most in vogue being to line the surfaces with red, a colour brush being used for the purpose. This is admittedly an effective method of calling the workman's attention to the surfaces requiring machining. The principal objection to it, in the writer's opinion, is that the information relating to machining is not recorded permanently on the tracing, and that each time a new blue print is required the red lining of the print has also to be done. This difficulty is sometimes overcome by red lining the tracing which gives a faint white blurred line on the print, a result not altogether satisfactory so far as the print is concerned. Unfortunately there is no standard method of indicating machined surfaces, though the one illustrated in the specimen drawing on Plate No. 2 is probably the one most frequently used. In this case a small letter / is printed across the line representing the surface that requires machining. In the specimen drawing shown by Plate No. 1 a large letter F printed close to the line answers the same purpose. Both these methods may be described as good, a description which the writer would hesitate to apply to some other methods which are in vogue. It is suggested therefore that one of these two methods be adopted by students and applied in every case where a working drawing is made. The plates in this collection are so generally crowded with reference letters and numbers that it was not considered advis- able to further complicate the illustrations by indicating the machined surfaces. Students will, however, profit considerably by an endeavour to determine for themselves which surfaces require machining. Sizes of Drawings, etc. There are no universal standards governing the sizes of the sheets or the arrangement of marginal columns or the information contained therein. Every drawing office is a law unto itself and has its own standard sizes and arrangement of sheets, usually dictated by the class of work INTEODUCTION xvii being dealt with and sometimes controlled by the available filing accommodation for office or shop copies of the drawings. The originals of the specimen drawings shown on Plates Nos. 1 and 2 are from different firms, equally eminent in the en- gineering world, and dealing with precisely the same class of work. As will be seen by comparison, the arrangement of the marginal columns and the information contained therein are entirely different in the two cases. The size of the two originals is also different, whilst the difference in the method of indicating the machined surfaces has already been noted. In some offices a double elephant sheet (40" x 27") is the standard, whilst in others " Imperial" (30" x 22") is found to be more convenient. In either case, when small separate detail working drawings such as the two illustrated on Plates Nos. 1 and 2 are required, the standard office sheet is divided into the required number of spaces which may be four, six, or eight, according to convenience. Suppose a double elephant sheet contains say six detail drawings. The sheet may be blue printed as a whole and the print cut up into six small sheets. Each of these sheets may then be mounted on a piece of card- board for use as the "shop copy" in the works. This is the practice most commonly followed. It may be noted that the sheets of tracing linen may be procured with the marginal columns and various headings ready printed to requirements. This effects a great saving of drawing office time, the extra cost of the tracing linen, due to the printing, being almost negligible by comparison with the time saved. Working drawings being produced in so many varieties of form, some being specially ap- plicable to some particular class of work or to suit some special system of organisation, it is suggested that for ordinary class work the student should not follow the system of any particular engineering firm. He should work on lines which, broadly interpreted, are applicable to most first class systems and the following regulations covering the making of working drawings are offered as a guide. (1) The drawing should show the complete shape of the object depicted. (2) Every size or dimension should be given. (3) All machined surfaces should be indicated. (4) The name of the part, the material of which it is made, and the number required should be stated. (5) The title and scale should be neatly printed. (6) Where more than one detail is shown on a drawing a " description list " similar to those accompanying the ma- jority of the plates in this book will be found to be the b xviii THE ENGINEEEING DRAUGHTSMAN most convenient way of giving the particulars required by re- gulation (4). Before proceeding with any of the examples students are recommended to read carefully through the description list and text accompanying each plate. Indeed the description list is a part of the drawing and the plate cannot be interpreted without its aid. In numerous cases dimensions, which it was found to be inconvenient or inexpedient to place on the drawing, are given in some form in the description list. In some cases where it has been impossible to give dimensions either on the drawing, owing to exigencies of space, or in the list, the dimen- sions may be scaled. o (X, b. -f , - ;~TI , iv. f k ! 3rz f * ^T^ I u. 1 1I IJX-H ti CM < 3 L o si CO u. d l/> 0) I- z o CO ce XXI co * O 52; I I 3 o a h ( PH 'S^agig'g -fl . - += a ^ t? Sill* 3 Bill 1 lys-g 11-11 /So imli g ^ o nd ^q ^H j bo^aj 1 ^ K*~ " m "3 *S 1^ g^-g C3r^ g H ' ^l "o C8 03 fl .2 ^-. 5.g-a ep red are 2 CD r O ft B |JJ8 < 8* is best to avoid this r imension being alte e machined surfaces eh uire machining r bD"- 1 vi 5 s.as^ |.s II III o*a sfS P S >, "> IJilill I^F.in a ?5 2 "5 a "5 XX11 TT O < o: d fc W 5 H! PM 10 H a: (M oo a: LJ Ld H UJ Z LL. CO O "T. < I "I -NOQNOT '6D Z X'X XX111 ^1 <1 P3 Q O S5 1 ! M P5 O > . e i- ss o^ 1 ^^ jf &D o !lli| '- a ^l= I ~ -8^ g a * : 099 ' ' l ~-ia oopp Nominal Diame High Limit Low ,, . 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Bolts and Nt Keys (worm wheel to s co CO CO aaawriN CH WTM/5 2222 S O day "^3 O 515' M ~ W " >aaa .^S wSSSiS5oi . . i li IrHi IT iCOi (COCO co W JCO I-S g-*- CO II jo 'ft O dl CD o zi o -js ft- 1 c3 5 O "sl 1 O CD CD ."~> CD o^ a ^2-s < ^-,'iJ-i " 1-Sls "Sg bJO oo S _S ^ O fl wg ll d 2 ^a o S"S CO 4H i 3 "^l CD ll CD CL| rt js'l'lf i ^ -4= g P CD '^ CO o'p ^ "" '- g o'o^ rl "2 S W cl CD .0 CD ^3 ll^oa CO 2 j3 co :11 r& CJ S 2 2*0 ^ S^ CD f> d CD .2 3 .- s f/3 O I I CO CO a a co CD ft co cj c3 O CD O 02 CD 8j CD O "S >-, 1 i O c/) a -2 c3 O too ""T3 Q tJD r .as CD fl C3 ^3 II CD ^ CO CD 'ft a r e3 CO ' oo o CO CD lf C3JD SECTION III DETAILS OF LOCOMOTIVES, OTHER STEAM ENGINES, AND STEAM GOVERNORS 50 (M CD 51 P O Q EH O S O o o ,.: RN NO SIZE. bfl | - s ,-( REFE NUM a g W fl fl CD 0) X 3 2 fl be CP T3 g X> P as *c *$ ~ ..sa o .2*3 2 I a a^ J aj 'g O -*= cp ri I 03 -*3 J a cp cp -i rj rt _2 cp O co a5 cp . v_, CP co >H j TJ CP :j |!!i 5 "o | J 02 .''* CO ' , S CP 03 p PH co Q cp S 2 S CP P^ *" p s g) ^3 ^5 C2 ft .B | cp rs p CO 12 x S H'S sufficient p o ft o PH co . -*%? co CO P - a CO CO <3 s (-H EH O S O Q cq bb 3 Ors .g "o ^ 2 ^ a ^ p bJO "i p CO - 1 jx mi 23 c -Q P n H v5 oo H h? fri S CM (M w 5 (-1 55 Ss*. A- -2 E ^ I 20 V*> ^ ""^ -i? ' '- Jt-sH =2 ^3 ! O dan O i-l IM CO rj< vo CO t^ QO TP COco * * C ^3 al^Sft ^ a ^ 2^-^ 2 .S , i o a ^^ S! o - C J fl'-^ PH i I ^ s ^ Q ^ _| o> o o o ^^ Ci * O. gj m be >^'\ Uli * G 2 0> fl 2

J"< . ac I X o I S .-o --n ^* ^^ 2 J S S icking Rings elical Spring, pressed) uds (screwed ex. Nuts , Lock Nut )lit Pins for S 1-box Lids . inge Pins for Q, ^K WOE aaawnN IM CO *! tntot^eo day .1 LCD 03 r& O ^ -S CO CX5 60 s y S3 - .3 'a -** i S " -43 -V k> CD o gJ-8 ^d ^3 3 CO _ g ; P - 50 lf fl fl ^ P CO -M )L| O K O 6 "^ N ^?2?:KS | | | | | |M S cu aaawnN J 3 s < t) ^J R i -S . - S . . . ? S O Q > 1 E -g. * * . . s s s Is u Q j M "jI|?J r s | - J; Cfl jg ocCQ at nun " " -aaawnN -o.^^u.^^co^o - 5.3 P.O s 4^ CO - 5 J^ s Jl s . * .-a g go 3 * . a ^ * d c3 &JO 2 ' 9 a fl J fl S "> ^-^.2 ^ ^ S^l I g -3-3 03 ^ c* fl rH CP fl O ^2 . n-< -i Tl O ns tc CO O CO g) co .^ S3 H^ i gJ H*r5 gr"C3 p rT O a 64 65 o r 1 g ^ ** "C 00 r i =|s 4p|s 4 i^sss a CO ^ fl "ft tUD nd a 2 a P & "2 .9 "3 CO .2 'o 5 CD -5 - ft 1 ! 8- - - Is ' .0 ro o ^ .S .2 o -S II l K O c> S- Sr to I- r-jC^CO ^J ^||| CM 5^ .'N C<1 X ' ' 1 x 1 t-ce f- " t H CN CO & ^ e d . 2 co cs ^ * .3 Is K- c!"^ - vi * o - ! = B r 1 ^ fl .2 o ^H H II CD 5 O > co A^ CO o J CO -j -i^a v " CD CO bo M --a Igl I 8-8. c3 "rt ^2 * J -3 a ^ a a 35 CD O 5 I? 68 Ci CM w 3 PLH l:-lL. .ee 70 CO PH 71 PATTERN No SIZE. GO ' 00 X "'* X i-t (M (M ^ aaawnM | Ill I-KMCOT* 1 cs 6 -. |l >o to CN' i>- oo CM CN % (M CM CO CO X * 00 GO < a5ay j rH rH -* 03 _, -j c3 "^ S - CO 03 fl CO ^ "~ "** 3 --^ WH< i ^ g ~c3 CD . SJO fl 10 ^03^ CO ,JM O 2 JH O rH S -J3 wto O J g S 03 g HH"* 3 CO CD ^ ^ ? . jj ,-,> --.CO rH PS ^T" QJ W r-< /i^ 03 $3 03 1 g s-s .a 8p a a 0) n Q t,_i o ce a o ^2 o> V? =3 . bJD 11 o a 80 ,, , 03 CO o II CQ CM -rH ft W HH *O t^ ^ *S 74 75 o Q 1 z N oooS 3 s 7 '"- s < CU i-W aQay aaawnfj J < 3 3 1 5 ^ 1 < ^ 5^ w ^ ~ ^ ^ ^*i | fl 1 s O 6^ W * 1 1 5 -4 & 1 -g * V T3 H a Z30 DESCRIPTIO % 'a ' a**. 02!^ o O> GQ +3 | j&* I Wheel . Valve Cover . Screw for Ha P5 o o 1 ' 02 O fflll M^ aaaivnjjj OO Oi O ^j P5 M3H 1-1 O 2" PICKER tt 6 z o Sg 1 a5ay aaawn^j rH ^^ T-H (M rH J S 3 S | H -g pj S ^ A 3 g* ' 02 T3 53 3- * ? z" O 1 4n s> ' -3 !> ^ 'cS ce rS .3 . "o f> ^ S IH .s. "^ II ># 1! Ig Stop Valve Seats for Thr Seat for Stop aaawnu ^ (M CO TttlO 50 aay 76 se9s "1 CO CO 77 3 PH O o a H M o ii Pn aaawnfj | 4 | .. -I 'If Ha '~ '"s.a-1 Ss CO rt< -*o 5 !>-_,fiia TS^T^bc ^l^lltlM s .a a II .sf c8 K"l G ^O ' n C3 ^ bo ft CD co q^ 78 CO 6 \& 79 rH O i I O CO CO ^ o _| ^3 J o g o 152 12 %S| s GO S co ^ ^ 2 S ^ f "I ' ' -S ' ^| K > S r=5 _' 2 t ^_ S b S ! 4S- A s.?r ^ . .1^ il^ X tl PI fill lf- rji^m H^osOOEcn PQ O r-l r-l r-\ I-H (M C fl ! i! 3 M i o o 5l ^ B II "(S CQ jg> 33 _ ._ |||l ? ||fsS *>S ^ll ! Pn O2^2 P-l O SSJ 03 _O 2 : CD CO W XI CO 3 1 T; oj -t-3 ^ &c a ?t ce CD ^^i a> s.l 'SIS J~ H ^ g S- 9 * o go g g- O CD c! J5 >: o o^l 1 1 3 CD ^^ fl CD KP - ^ f G J3 CD s o o a 9 & l|l-2 a CD t " a g jcg 3 .2 :2 fl H > CO "1 "S CD $3 3 f-J . . I 5 " IIS 9=3 tJ .W " I r> CD X! s 5*. a a- g c3 -1-3 -^ p r i ig Jg| g| g CD d 80 81 oT o tuo ^ & z 2 1 ,t! j 1 1 05 u^ 3 ** ^5 B -1-3 < &c CM .S aQay c3 *s J s cli -2 < 2 o ^ c3 S w ?2? = = 71 t S |5g '"'^ <> ^3 49 P O '-d S 3 X o .c . cS r2 "S bC'Ti 3 S o ' H f ' ^' TfH Q ^60 2 =2 a^ * ^ 4J '43 ^ K^ 1^^ IISpjIl Sf^OMH CO Si g s ' <1 i H i H ! f | o i J3H O i-i CO CO * a; a 11 II r2 ^ 3 o a 03 fl S.S SI ^ cc 25 r-H ^6 X X ~ CO CO COCO CO 1 co | -;_ H X aOHH j <3j i IIS TI 5 =i S E ~ s o 6^O ^^ -- 03 - E &c '1 5 56 s . cc Q Body . Cover and St Gland . Hand Wheel Valve ,, Seatiuj Cross-bar Nu Standards Hex. Nuts fo -.HawnN T-KMCO *tf 1C 5Of^CO O5 -* 3 ^ 'S ^ <* -ri t> 3 CO a^ c3 /^\ - 05 "4 sd &JO bx CD fl .- * j> fl eg 03 M c8 O CO o -u >: ^ -i aT a 1 .a o c -43 > )^ ^ "11 c3 5-( 5-i PH J g IS I .3 - - 1 a &'$ ^ a o_i 0) c3 r^^ ^ -^ O O) bJD^ S-i O p c3 c3 CD TJ CO 03 ^ m n ^~H . S^ be fl O ^X) ^ ^.TJ '43 O Sill r ^ r ~^ i i sw ' i " co" CO EU 02 '" tri "-H ^ M M I b/D.2 J ^ I. p Pn OH H-| a a a LI G ^ ^ O { S 3 5zj &^HH 88 oo CO H ^ ,n3 ll -^ co S ^3 ^g Hi ce^. 2 .2 -^ .2 ^ 2 >>** w> ' CD rj C8 -inforced b outside of copper rin S ^ P4cp) x" ^o O.S ^3 ,fi +3 * ill 5 ^ ^ H >& ^ ^ ^ S-sg -1-S s^.a b/D=3 4-( ^ ^-2 3 _= "Tn g.S- ||| 3^ -^ "55 CD o * 4= tlD S fl bo'&'S d S ^ CW _jj ,-. g eg I'S * ?- o jTcD^ -s^- lg-si -J3 0) J^a S^rtf A 5 a O cS 3 " * rt c3 c3 CD ^H *= CD c3 ^ > -a^ S -a 6 al-s fl rrt ^ CD^ '^^ fl ^ - CD ^ EHCD 1 ^ ^ T j 85 S s^ 5P J 8 -s|s; 8 M|4 .^.-s 5 MSI *" SP - ," a ^ >, a 3 g J 2 S 1 g" 5 - s !^S-s rt s . o ^-^ .t>H 5 -3, ^g J 94 a 95 oliil -2 CO .s I f, r t 1 . l s .ga- .2 2 &c sc ea ^ C C 05 ^ c3 pq scf^ 1 96 r-lr-lrHrHCqCOrHr-lrH' 3 ' CM I 3 PH 99 & A t-H O PQ H PQ P H P3 g C/3 a =3 o >* a s I's-SiTa-a - tM "H >. | | SH " & 03 CD 3 . 5 =3 -M ^ O ^ cS ft ^J> W) "flrrt 03 ^ g g 5 gz raa p :MBI^ O 1* M o p in III I g B l 3 Q c3 "g S^-^ S J C3 a ^ a ^ 0) O r-j CD So-gg^ o^^ 3 a ' o os.a si'- 5| ; a2a? g^S^.g^o CD G CD --H C3 CO rf , a th h m e any inte irder (Q relieve ipe (A), rnace, r nstit passi += 1*4 CD .as ^ leg co , l gi nd pi fur nd tak t. a nd S) ~* TJ HJ SS| 1"! ro CD a.g ^^ SS 38 S S S" 3 p S3 (0 as S S ^ * S ja o o g 1 1 211 51 hout ven. ^^ M^ II II 8 ^ &C>-4 G O "S S ^^ rS'p Make ull par Sl IS EXAMPLE not be shown, SECTION V DETAILS OF AEROPLANE ENGINES AND MOTOR VEHICLES 104 o fc W H *- 2 PH 105 ^' OS o 6 EM z S %" s sl r s li X,H fl i I w x ^ x ! as Xo ^ co S I S *f 3 -- a, 11 o EH sg ' i li li tCCOOOOi 1 rH rH gl < -3 1 5 8 ... .OQ . ~ - g g - - 2 - < ^ S S a ^ "1 ... ..- .-5 . & 2 - 53 T ' -Si 'I ' 5^' ^ i 'ilJ 1 "il|isr' 1 -s^^^l^ '2-3^5 'Szi Q o* ?a 9 & S s s"oS=i| sfli.fela^ 4> ea H-I ^ '-*-( M51 ^, .JSB^jg j-gS^ ^w.gffi^S^g^ li^ltjll S 3 W x c c ^ ^ tc .S ^ 1 H U u K a S i-H C- CO Ol S 3 wz tf fl "5 "^ a o g^ s a 6ba ^d.2 >< O ^ pc^ >n Go _ ga 05-! -s 6 ^ tn co bJO I o^ i a ^ o fl ^ o o - -- 1 s r s .a s-^^ ^.S &-J3 9">< ^ ji o &c H'llsSH'i g ^^ I ^^^ 1^ ^ > CD ^-^ ^ ^ oa 43 a^affB-aCtT! CO CD 1-1 CO o a Iff ^i CD cS O ft =3 a -5 co O & CD si 4S -= 5 tuo*4-, n CD 0 i^5 tuD 3 ^ 8^^^-^ ' i a a - 3 -2 H 3< ^^ *= d a k 8. a 112 U gg 09 *| 113 M JgJ . it!! ii , 4 'I "a^lg gJJB-S | 11 M .- J^ J> |^ ^ PQ pV-l j^ (^ ^ fXj - ^" ^ fH a ^ *s ..9 Washer &% 1^ a^ 3 ri "~; If ^6 OOOi O 114 H fc i i O F3 H 5zj s ^ .s S 8 A a s .s o '43 s 4H..XtoW)S^Sc8 ^ fl I 45 bJO a '-S o i i 'cS 03 s ^ be a "-S i'- ^ pi p^J J3 co I 8 ^g ij arrangement thicknesses to > I.5J8J* 5 l1ll|Se}^il g |fl!|^lMll I* S * -a 8 - - M I J '-^ CO 116 00 I r ) 3 117 w P ^ Q <1 O a Wl-w i-i CNJ cc-*oco CNCNCMCN aaawnfj rH rH CO CO OO O O CO r-l ,-H rH O & * > 9 J3 en sh in 118 li r> | c_) CD CD CD n3 ^ ""3 CO ft rj x ^ ' m a cd a S 05 cxf r-i "s y co ^3 fl* WOO CD o -r; . -t2 ^- ^ -D p O ^ JS a ^' M ^ CD ^=< *??(-" ; - fljf|^IJJ8JS s I S o . o \J U> ZL M S.S -H-J 120 121 No E. a .a r. II s rk - ED 'Si ss fr OS ft i~ -Is x x x QOOOOO co S : aaawnfj 1 t T I CO CO II I I r-H i-H CO CO CO CO r-4 CO i-H jay I g l-< I I 1 02 ^ ^ T3 g Stee Spr 3> 5 S ^ s2 ^ I I I 5P >-H ^ ^ SJ"8 =|^g -~ |, 1^3 J^| I Ii O PQ O 02 CQ Q > ^S S'l be' 2 ^ .3 - -> 02 > ' - ~3 * ""I O PH O O rH CO 00 S S iO OS O t I CO CO ^ IO O t* OO OS LO SO SO SO CO 'X) SO O CO 5O O aaawntj 'aaawnw vo cot ooos OI-H -^^ MM CO CO CO CO CO CO 122 G 1 1 o * PQ g o S S += s.s a m 02 CD G- 'S CO S^G +=> g irT 03 j-' ^5.-^^d QJ 3 i i <-5 .S 2 a i t4_| O 5 ^ CD i CD CD o ~ G rrt CD c3 "Si) - G i J s a a * a 'g CO ff 1 oq O c8 S ^ o .2 O s I a a c3 S_i O Ss 21 I ^ M I a > " co ^ 00 00 w H H J . S a S p, M : 124 o o 6 125 SECTION VI ELECTKICAL ENGINEEBING 128 129 1' & - S 2 12 * l poles) Hex. Hd. commuta Positive Lo Cheese Hd. shoes) Eye Bolts .... Hex. Hd. Bolts and Nuts (fix ing item 1 to item 2) Hex. Hd. Set Screws . Steady Pins .... Liners for Feet T 1 (N CO *& ,-, r-, sw^^ ^S22 ana 130 o3 M O J 3 03 J-i S C3 1 I r^ O too 50 .s .s g rS c3 ^ CD > ft o p 2 2 O O QQ ^d G - rq Hi 1 ; I ^ *a g 2 H W O | , 8 <* & += x '10 M ** -r-1 __( f> ^ 88,1 1|| 53'~'aSflrtfl a3 ^'^ 'fl SH.S ^ A Jd P^ O o 136 137 fl O s .s s :.a any " r O -i >5 ^5 " 1 89 H "2 rH (N CO Tt< US O t OO "B Nij.voo !'-* 3i T - -!W _, 139 fl oT ^ o c.a "+= c3 5 ^ 5-1 g i-> O T3 ca r^^ XI t^O rj J-i c3 .in CD S r-5 O ,0 ^ 5 .^o CD ^ CO ^ .a 3 PH 2 O O -& en ^ " i-r^^ CD^ | y|83"^ 1 S ftr3 Q ^ oT > ft g r^ S3 ll 6 *B Z N %$ I x x i IC OO O5 O H (?q CO -^ iO ?O t^ OO OiO r I r-l r ( r-l r-l r-l T I i ( i I i I (N 8 -, -cpajoaj^oj ce flfT:J S g f&a> fl-S^.3 ^^ i i 144 145 * -S .... ngs for Wipers . ded Screws ins for Oil-ring Cover ,, Oil-box Cover Cover ... Oil Wi Keep Cup-he Hinge Pi ,, Oil-ring Oil-box t^-OOOiO T-H (NCO r r-l r-l r-l i-H rH (M hal . h (upp (low wide) ram ing Cap Cap Bus gs ( ing for ing Ri End H Bea Peg Bea Oil aaawnu -< 10 - >>&--= ^H (I, O sissies, 146 147 x *- i ill I "s I ^ O rH (M CO ^ Is N o- o p II Ec-~ 'S I ^J aaawnjj N 02 H ^ .2 & S H ^3 23 o W^ ll 1 fr 1 SECTION VII HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING o CO w 151 1 I 2 3 g ,s .'$ W J <3 t> PM 8 02 Q - 3 P "^i ^ 9- rt 1 ^l 3 ^i .0 1 t/2 ua awn g NJ ^oo - 8 12 II |1 1! - , -3 .a "3 5 .a .2 "o 03 ^" -Q " g^^ fl 5-5 , - , - ,0 CO 6 153 en 8 CM 6 4* &M z 2 gCfl D b~ QO IOIOO ! 1 r< <* T* 1 1 r-t r-t r-t '111 ^^ < 00^ a l Z 1 (i (rH^OOTjHTjHrHi 1 s 5 D O * J < s 'S 2 3 Jfe 2 M ^ -02 .. ^3 El S " "2 = 2 < 8 ^3 * J 5 s O M '1 ' ' a ?! ft 1 ' '" H a ftS ^ =il MIIJI c8.5 S^ = nils 3loS s s S^ fi& H i| rHCNCO-^OOt>-COOJ g 3 WZ a I I 11 %T%; i-ii m > M' 2 03 w ^^ <% H 154 Sv| CD 6 & W H h-q P* 31 EH .3 a gs O r o ^ 155 w 3 P pd Q p _ 2 M o rH rH a! 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z 1 cr. S 2. ill ^F!- ' -S > a g l-s 11 162 PATTERN N< SIZE. o 3 a 163 a pq o a . a -i B M ^^ 1 C8 O 164 165 I . .2 II 5 ll.fi I si B Z O li CD O CO J5 4^ O -S c3 c3 ... o a> 4? fl. 42 03 8 3 CD s '^ c O Q .3 O r^ 43 SH CC f II "3 H a PL, O 166 8 a, 167 x 1 I I I *x I IM I5*x I T-HrH^-lr-lrH^-lrHrH(MrH(MlM?M. coco X^H 1 co co co x** 1 55 si I f .2 fc , - ^ ^Qfe |.2 5 ssr TO s J CIO fl I 3 CD CD a) II 13 -^ S^ ^3 o 9 1 II ^ S S.| 111 bjo OQ .a M 2 * rn CD S 1 c8 "-la 'Ta '-+3 "SJ c3 v.3 c3 fl ^ > ^ > O CD | CD '. ""CD I 'oj CD s I ill si sll ?J fl PH ^ -S H-a so 170 s. i t : rfr i 1 I -s r ^ ^.l^L i *i -i CD 171 H c CH d I P <1 PH w PH O PH PH S P -c M * 2 M M PATTERN No SIZE. 1 1 il s ss^s 353 pffiig g 1 rH t OOOsOi (rH i-H S C^ C^ S -^k^^ot^-oC > '-' (^ (N SO CN " r-lCO CO CO CO 4 5 CD si - - - "5? 3 O ?l 9 ja I CD ,3 0) 43 O ,-C CD d O s g dan co^ir: ooo a 'PH O fl rT '5b r-i .. CD CO , i S 3 CD 9 be fl 1 s ^ 5 GO =4-1 o 13 - ~ s 8 r-H "-*= ^ Jl "o 'S I bfl G O PH O) ^r 43 a -s PH CO ^ co 8 CD fi -a herwi CD I CO >< cq CD PH^fl 03 CD . S SC 73 CD .n CD ^ ^ c3 CD "3 I .2 '. '45 iO c3 cq > ^^ 12 . CD cq PH w II S a I 5b CD S 172 SECTION VIII MACHINE TOOLS AND JIGS 176 177 S.9 k.S > d A o o ^ 1 O3 ;Z2 J O 182 o fc 183 GQ S Q GQ "o **, M> ^s^ X X (MrH CN g> ffi M |B -s 3 >< fe a ^ I -3 . Sc !M ~fH J l|.f|g* * * fc S I W ^ > -^ - g I ^ g jg-a -^ S 3S . S-S W I !l i^RS^I ssgi w wa p o> PJ 58 OiO rH I XX +,S A = -af s 1 Sis 3 .1 S? =- f* *ii a i i *j in 2 08 88 5 S 3" o - -S ." CO TJ as I c5 S 184 185 w CO O fe PH <1 3 O O 5ZJ P a Q Q o P W o CO pq O CO I r irtr ss- s "** 00 H H = I '5 & is dan iw-gs, s i., .2 5 .5 2 ^ ft ft t ft ^ H* ^ a? ^> oj o 0 CO \^/ ^*^ ^ 1 1 a o W) S 1 ^ 186 1^ t^. = ^t--^ i si V-il fi .l < x ?* i 2 cT & 5 ^ " z J . ^ ? 1 - ' - -Z 167 2 ? 189 P^_ s . "" 2 ^ o 2 d % i- CO CD O r* rg S ".22 'S 1 fl .2 'co CD "-O o bo S ^ 5 o <1 ^H o ^ i i PIPE L^ F*4'H Q SC 1 f 60 - a 1 1 <:rcD5cDcD; ^"'ca .9 ^ fl f^H T3 ^ r2 111 CD 1 CD - CD 1 CD CD . S*''-***- .S - a fcs-j O CD _ ajj co la D^ CD <2 CD S, 191 CD XI IS "S 3 c3 c3 & I I fc> P CD > m CD 5 o A ^ |oo-2 bO "d ^ .2 "*= c3 CD CD g.bl iS, rH CD CO XI ^ P3 i i w o <3 a 03 X! P rg pq " PQ O X S S o o CD XI S3 53 I .s< & CD X! bD a CD X) G ^ o .2 'i CD X! o Co '^J x? I. 2 tI .2 1*3 * O o CO .i^ 13 "S 2.1 ' * a CO CD S-l M 11 I CD ce j^ > 4= CD g-3 CD ^0 35 ^Xl CD o^ "^ r c5 f4 02 fl O O) ^ S3 ffl .2 CD +=> {> CO "bb o S 8 5 CD CD 1 .'. CD co.C .2^ bJD S3 .2 8 !J ^ c bjO O " o 60 _- O O o ^ So o <> ^ g'-g .^r^ bjo.2 *-i > bc"^ CD _S3 co .2^ 5 S S fl O cS **~^ rj CD ro bJO bJD S3 co CD -a ii 00 S CD !** ^ !> ^ ^ .JH ^SL/ c6 co CD II *= ^ > c6 So o a o " aj bJObJOr^ O c3 .2 "CO " fl i ' CO - H XI C2 Q-l CO "- 1 o b CD cC ^~ ~< "Tj i-H 5 ^"2 S3 o S3 ^ S ^^bJO^CD S 2 o O co - _ CD fl S3Xi ^ CD -^ CD S O ~^ -3 c3 c3 P - 3 g^ 03 crS p Cu S ^^^ M . , -4-3 ^ bc2 ^ pq S3 '- > Q s8| rS*3 3 s.a HEM 1 I" t~^H "1 'g W- " ttt L 193 CO p -^ IS a o d 'CD . * Ht*5w i-l (N CO CO(N OOOO | GO I I XX > Q 02 q H O 3 g Is 111 I-H ..GQi | ~2 6 g * -aa . . 3 ' S S bC^ .3^ w6 CN CO -^ lO CO l>- CO OO o ^q 02 o ' CD CD -S a .^ j ^ CO S g 05 S O S +-! CD O CD ^ CO 02PM CD d CD j22 ^ ^ c8 CD 02 d o5 <2e o K c3 CD 02 .^ II d -5 .2 ~o .-s i-^ rt* d o d CQ T ;sg 3 ^ 1 ' ^ o o 02 _C! ^^ rrt a ^ CD c3 .~S CD ^~ feH I 'CO 6 be CD CD CD ^ fe a. 15 g 02 O ^ ^ CD A rH ^ a CD J a *o '^ 13 O 2 194 195 Q CQ j 02 Pn O a sffS? , y ' 3 g ' * '^: . t ! i! Si* 1 III 9? " : i ill! p 2 u il x x cu i*^f aaawriN 1 J 1 c J 1 S CO .. ; tf a *-> H 2 a _ri s S O 5 ' Sf 3 o 3 ^ | ^ 1 s! I 1 ? ^ o 3 j - c j 1 ^ af 2 o ir r eg ^> --- 1 1 s, ! *r~ r^ : 8 15 ! O IS co32 & "CO .. , e _ CO CO C"3 ! T3 ' ' > i.Tl CO Tt< cc "S 00 I ""3 JHH < b I o +j -4-3 CD CD 1 f. _> CO * ^2 CD ~a> IJ O co x d pq 63 .2 p> 1 I CD CO ^ ^ ^ GO ^.s .1-1 5.4 CO g ^ ^ CO CD XI , n Though incompl ble the student to to fl . CQ a < o -, P* ^5 xi *a "* T5 += '-r3 t> *H rS 08 P a a 5>fgi II ?S 1 co A ce x g CD g^^ x Islfll GO M - 13 o a " c3 P^ 199 >O O SO I s Cl | v X ^ lf:> 1 A * 00 GO X rH rH C CO CO CO t^.t^GOOi ^ ?O 5O ?O ?O H3 ~5 a ^ a 5 S S3 Jl

o> o ^ a 200 00 W H PH 203 o Z w p .2.3 is* is ' -3 S-s >-?.& % M $ Js^^s s - yj - '& o Bu Bu ffiQffi =2^ H fe.o ^^0=2 =2^1 ^-.3.* ^ i ^a A 02 g^H92 g r- 1 O2 -*j t>_-^ -^ frt ^3 ** rrt 23 'cS S * eS oWgoJi ^og Ij ofe fi i*l Is I &_a o Fu ic Washer Fork ( ^ *^ ^ f^ 5 vSwfi c2 -2j il S|^ sll d'gf a QQ I .o !l 'I rH (M CO *^ l&SOT^ CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 5 9 d r^4 09 2 S fl bJD o .2 _ o S jj o cc bD ~ rC3 -U <>V ' i>Too C5 . ^ 05 S wog 6 M g t<4J- . s CO l^COOiO .-H tN CO TH kO O t-- COOS O r-l r-lrHr-tlN CN CM (M f"H HH r( M 206 t^ QO W H 207 |S *? 'I I I. -IS J 02 JHH Ilili -I "i8s: S** B ?SS liS^ c ! 5^13*11 1^^.2^ ll^ffi JSS C3 2 c3 i- O CD e3 CD || CO CO g- i . t o c3 d o o w -rt sa ff.s 2 g-s 3 1-5 S a \& * x-^-o s^^ 208 209 fl w =3 a) CD ^ fl -Q ) 'co ^ s rQ fl c8 a o t ^, 03 Z M ' -^ ^5 i l - I X I y (7-1 CO _jj +=> ^ I'g "4^ b S & 03 QJO 173 p si - 1 03 0^ w -^ *a 03 c8 K _ H .SP^S f1 Jj H| o 5'S c6 <-; | ^8 .sft 2 c- -? s^ 00 M 11 c3 Q 5 'S ^j !* P ?H --3 1^| '1 'Jf? J.3 Mj "^ojg^S^ rs 03 11 "Illlll .22^ H rS 02 P 05^ SI 14 & 03 w 3 ^ co "7! -*= fl 03 rH O ^3 S II 210 i -?oF IS M^ X ? g^JL** S 00 W ^ PH ,2 o 211 X O PQ O 2 Hs O 3 ^ 8 p ** ar i?- s. a- r-H rl rH r-H rX CO r-( CO " 2 -M _, >-i 2 oj-g.2 . rocO- 2 -s -3 * .a REFE NUM . . O 111 i 'CJO c3 fl JSl - -a 1 f-s 1 2 x rS -2 W -*2 SECTION IX 1 CWT. STEAM HAMMER 1 CWT. STEAM HAMMEK COMPLETE details of a 1 Cwt. Steam Hammer are given on plates numbered 90 to 96, as follows : Plate No. 90. Base plate, anvil block, piston, etc. Plate No. 91, Standards, etc. Plate No. 92. Cylinder and valves. Plate No. 93. Actuating gear details. Plate No. 94. Part arrangement of actuating gear. Plate No. 95. Foot gear details. Plate No. 96. Foundation plan. Plate No. 94 also gives an "outside view" elevation, showing the general arrangement of the complete hammer. This elevation, and the descriptive text accompanying it, should be carefully considered before any of the work on the steam hammer is proceeded with. The student will then be able to carry out the work in a more in- telligent manner, thereby accentuating the interest and pleasure ob- tainable. It may at once be stated that the term " 1 cwt.," used in describing this hammer, indicates approximately the weight of the falling mass which strikes the blow, i.e. the tup, the tup pallett, the piston rod, and the piston. The force of the blow struck depends not only on the weight of this mass, but also on the pressure of the steam above the piston accelerating the fall of the mass. The energy of the blow, after full piston stroke, and just before striking, may be calculated as follows : E = energy. A = area of piston in square inches. P = average steam pressure on piston during downward stroke in Ibs. per square inch. S = stroke of piston in feet. W = falling weight in Ibs. E = (AP + W)S foot-lbs. The hammer may be worked either " self-acting," or each blow may be hand-controlled. Both methods of working are clearly indi- cated in the text accompanying Plate No. 95. A lubricator, fitted with a hand pump (not shown on the illus- trations), is affixed to one of the standards, and oil is pumped from this through a copper pipe to the stop valve chest, whence it is carried by the steam to the distributing valve and the cylinder. The student is required to make various detail working drawings, particulars of which are given in the text accompanying the various plates. 214 1 CWT. STEAM HAMMER 215 EXAMPLE 151. Make a general arrangement drawing of the hammer, complete, to the following particulars : (a) An elevation corresponding to the elevation shown on Plate No. 94, but to be a sectional elevation, the section being taken on the centre line of the cylinder. (b) An ll end elevation," as seen when looking at the front of the hammer. (c) An outside view plan. (d) (If space permits.) An " end elevation," as seen when locking at the back of the hammer. 217 -C o 4S .2 &c g O> 'ft ^5 8 o -g '* a 5 1c ft p Q^ fl <> ., -fl o> ,3 fl -o (D P-^ - -^ fl} {> s x i-5 r* is > CD CD ^^ -2 : i ^ -5 -s ^ .2^ ft S o cc O ^ rH rfT CD illli > -J3 ? P .0 ^ g fl S-5 * . 220 221 ,c? S 1 aaawnftf a pi* ^ S o s 2 1-1 02 "b 2 ust Pipe each end) Studs 02 MvC -asi I-r >'SF k sfe r *s-e. 4 ||-^i-l^l-^l-r?2 ^J|^6|^f1|^g| r^^^t^^^^oASfs 5-S bo lv r ed ts !! S^- : z ^ w^^j 03 PL, ^ rt O ^gllS- |5 Tj co t* 1 "" t/3 ;w ri IM a?55S J CO Tf IO ^ Tt< Tjl g o J 'i* ( 13 -S f-i O J3.SP ft H C 5 g g "Sog SI If c3 > ~rk s i rH rH O rH ? Q fl CD J4 5 a o O ^ . rH ^CD ^O g ft O ^ 5 ^ CO ^ * r^ C3 CD . . Si IS u C ; l ,= ! feO^ ^si^a s^s ai^ii ed St Nu for |-S5 la re fo for late S Gl scr **ig*j s Pl ' . &D I i! CH 03 6 W ll3 !ZiaS^ ft a*g! z 'S' S S S5S .& ll^ll II t^OO OiOrH (MCO-* iO?OI^ OOO5 CNCN CNCOCO COCOCO CO CO CO COCO 5-1 -^ CD [ ^j 05 a o tUD I 222 224 .-i ^TF^W CO 05 d W H <1 H^ PH 225 PH E ^ i o CO i-H H 2 H o o 55 B B W E .g S: I 5; ci II - s ' : s " f-H (M CO * ?D t>- Q0050r-;2?COrHiCOt^OOOi^ & I 1 II II . tl |l ~ is s H|* CO d " 05 po H|30 I 53 d 15 226 1SOVHX3 H a PL| 227 6 KM 'S ' I I i O S* A J ^ X' O ^5 2 >< "f j g O Jg * ' ^ 3 t *1 - O S rt I&H02H feB Z ffi^ o ., N M 5 I 1 I x -f x 1 x -* x g x s .2 t ft .S * * "tfli "l N r "* s s .02 . J-jGO . ^^!H " " ~ "gS " 1 s "s a " ' " i o . o . 02 OH O Z5Q S PH M fl .^ O O3 to l> "^ --3 "H S3 I . 8.2,3 i g H -3 s-, O > H 5 c to o 1 -5g to 2^o '"3 a> p ,-< CD 2 3 I| CD CD *= *" a ^ 'S ^ 6 *tfi fii O c3 o CD ^ ^"^ a * I? 73 CD a^ ?^ S < to JH 9 ?H O "\^ 03 jg ,5 'H ^ ^ a ^ j/3 G to ^ Jj a o-2 Q^ 3 IN to ^'03 g CD.S Si -S & a a g 228 W H - ^ a I li fl J-i 3 I 2 0=^ .a _c "2 w 229 S-H . P o> * m "-^ ^"S * d fl lll.pllll.s^fl T3 03 o3 iC" 1 ^ - ^ S=3 fe&3 P^ O ^^^ ^J S o ^^2^ 1 2-3_^ 3 g g g % ftS gfi &rg p {> T3 O 1) w ^ _d ^Jl'li^^-r ? > ^ ^ ^ > *^. -*- J s ^ / " >-/ QJ r^ -i rS o ^ CD ^ PH^ t>c^ 13 *jljfllsjj*j' S S= S,-s g ^^'^" ll||Hllri| ^ fe O CD > Q,.-*3 ^ O ^ rrt 5> o> 111 ^s 'SS.a -a a* g I-S t^ J3 O ^'55 fl !D Oi 6 fc W H ^ fin a:-imvn\ T ffl c3 jf j = s sf g"i _ a 5 o < .2 - - ^ ^ . - -Is I' ce o .b s -43 s 5 ; ^ 2 2P^,S o'Vl 231 ft |QO co" SCO o fl ft oo o> -X H"! .2 a 232 BRITISH STANDARD WHITWOKTH SCREW THREADS AND HEXAGONAL NUTS AND BOLT HEADS Diameter Sectional Uri ht S e * a ft' n "' Nuts and Thickness. Area at Bolt Heads ' of of Bolt Threads '*? ttom . ^ Bottom of Lock Nut in Inches, per Indi. ; ^"Ses. Threads in Sq. Inches. Size Across Flats (Max.) Size Across (Max.) Corners (Max.) in Inches. in Inches. in Inches. | 20 186 0272 525 61 '18 r> 1 il 18 2414 0458 600 69 -22 a M 16 295 0683 710 82 -26 14 346 094 -820 95 -30 J 12 -3933 1215 -920 1-C6 -34 is 11 -5086 2032 1-100 1-27 -43 2 10 -6219 3038 1-300 1-5 -51 9 '7327 '4216 1-480 1-71 -59 1 8 -8399 -5540 1670 1-93 -68 li 7 -942 -6969 1-860 2-15 , -77 l| 7 1-067 -8942 2 -050 2-37 -85 18 6 1-1616 1-0597 2-220 2-56 -94 H u 1-286C. 1-3001 2-410 2-78 1-02 lij- 5 1-3689 1-4718 2-580 2-98 1-10 12 '"> 1-4939 1-7528 2-760 3-19 1-19 2 44 1-7154 2-3111 3-150 3-64 1-35 2 | 4~ 1-9298 2-9249 3-550 4-10 1-52 24 4 2-1798 3-7318 3-890 4-49 1-69 22 ^ 2-3841 4-4641 4-180 4-83 1-85 3 3A 2-6341 5-4496 4 -530 5-23 2-02 3i 3| 2-8560 6-4063 4-850 5-60 2-19 34 3J 3-106 7-5769 5-180 5-98 2-35 32 3 3-3231 8-6732 5-550 6-41 2-52 4 3 3-5731 10-0272 5-950 6-87 i 2-69 4^ 2* 4-0546 12-9118 6-820 7-88 3-03 5" 22 4-5343 16-1477 7-800 9-01 3-36 5i 2g- 5-0121 19-7301 8-850 10-22 3-7 6" 2* 5-4877 23-6521 10-000 11-55 4-03 Standard square threads. No. per inch = half the No. of Vee threads for same diameter. Thickness of standard nut = diameter of bolt. Thickness of standard bolt head = Jths of diameter of bolt. NOTE. The above table is reproduced by permission of the British Engineering Standards Association from their Reports, Nos. 34 and 28. 233 BRITISH STANDARD PIPE THREADS BRITISH STANDARD FINE THREADS Internal Dia. of Pipe in Inches. External Dia. of Pipe in Inches. No. of Threads Per Inch. Length of Screwing in Inches. ft ft 28 1 I 19 1 3 IT H 19 ft ft tt 14 5 f 11 14 | 14 | 1A 14 | 1 11 if IT^ 11 1 ift 1|* 11 1 if 2-r- 5 ff 11 1 2 2| 11 ] 2i 2| 11 11 2A 3 11 1J 2f 8| H If 3 3J 11 11 3 8f 11 3^ 4 11 l^ 3| 4J 11 i* 4 4! 11 4 5 11 IK 5" 5ft 11 If 5ft 6 11 6 6ft 11 2 Dia. in Inches. No. of Threads Per Inch. Dia. at Bottom of Threads in Inches. Sectional Area at Bottom of Threads in Sq. Inches. u'-* 28 1731 0235 i 2G 2007 0316 /5 2G 2320 0423 1% 22 2543 0508 20 3110 0760 18 3GG4 1054 ft' 10 4200 1385 i <; 16 4825 1828 8 14 5335 2235 H 14 59GO 2790 f 12 G433 3250 H 12 7058 3913 i 11 7586 4520 1 10 8719 5971 H 9 9827 75-5 i| 9 1-1077 9637 i| 8 1-2149 1-1592 1ft 8 1-3399 1-4100 if 8 1-4649 1-6854 if 1 1-5670 1-92&5 2 1 1-8170 2-5930 2i G 2-0366 3-2577 2* 6 2-2866 4-1065 2| 6 2-5366 5-0535 3 5 2-7439 5-9133 NOTE. These tables are reproduced by permission of the British Engineering Standards Association from their Reports, Nos. 34 and 84. 236 IMPERIAL STANDARD WIRE GAUGE (I.W.G. or S.W.G.) BIRMINGHAM WIRE GAUGE (B.W.G.) No. Diameter in Inches. No. Diameter in Inches. 7/0 5 23 024 6/0 464 24 022 5/0 432 25 020 4/0 4 26 018 3/0 372 27 0164 2/0 348 28 0148 324 29 0136 1 300 30 0124 2 276 31 -0116 o 252 32 0108 4 232 33 0100 5 212 34 0092 6 192 35 0084 7 176 36 0076 8 160 37 0068 9 144 38 0060 10 128 39 0052 11 116 40 0048 12 104 41 0044 13 092 42 0040 14 080 43 0036 15 072 44 0032 16 064 45 0028 17 056 46 0024 18 048 47 0020 19 040 48 0016 20 036 49 0012 21 032 50 0010 22 028 No. Diameter in Inches. Diameter No. i in Inches. j 0000 454 17 058 000 425 18 -049 00 380 19 042 340 20 035 1 300 21 032 2 284 22 028 3 259 23 025 A 238 24 -022 5 220 25 ; -020 6 203 26 '018 7 180 27 '016 8 165 28 -014 9 148 29 -013 10 134 30 ] -012 11 120 31 -010 12 109 32 009 13 095 33 008 14 083 34 007 15 072 35 005 16 065 36 004 1 237 DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS OF FEACTIONAL PAETS OF AN INCH Fractions. Decimals. Fractions. Decimals. Fractions. Decimals. Fractions. Decimals. A 015625 tt 265625 f| ! -515625 M 765625 & 03125 g air 28125 1 7 ~$~% 53125 M 78125 A 046875 H 296875 M 546875 li 796875 A 0625 A 3125 A 5625 H 8125 A 078125 H 328125 H 578125 5 3 T 828125 A 09375 H 34375 U 59375 H 84375 ffT 109375 II 359375 609375 14 859375 I -125 1 375 1 625 i 875 A 140625 If 390625 tt 640625 5 7 TiT 890625 & 15625 H 40625 H 65625 II 90625 H 171875 tt 421875 671875 It 921875 A 1875 7 Tff 4375 15 6875 -H 9375 203125 I! 453125 H 703125 n 953125 A 21875 H 46875 H4 -71875 H 96875 H 234375 31 4*4375 U 734375 H 984375 i 25 ft 5 3 4 75 1-0 METRICAL TABLE WITH ENGLISH EQUIVALENTS TO THE NEAREST THIRTY-SECOND OF AN INCH Mm. Ins. Mm. Ins. Mm. Ins. Mm. Ins. Mm. Ins. 1= -i-i* 29 = 1& 57 = 2^ 85= 3H 325 = 12p 2 = -& 30 = IvV 58 = 2& 86= 3| 350 = 13U 3 = ft 31 = 1^ 59 = 2j% 87 = 3-tV. 375 = 14f " * = A 32 = 1J 60 = 2g 88= 3ij 400 = 15 J 5= f'u 33 = 1-/V 61 = 2^i; 89 = 3| 425 = 16p 6= i 34 = lijt 62 = 2^ 90 = 8 450 = 17|4 7 = *V 35 = 1|" 63 = 2)f 91= SB 475 = 18H 8= A 36 = lf 64 = 2J4 92 = 3| 500 = 19H 9= H 37 = H| 65 = 2^ 93= 3^ 525 = 20fi 10= H 38 = H 66 = 2^ 94= 3-H 550 = 21ffc 11= A 39 = H* 67 = 2| 95 = 3| 575 = 22f 12= M 40 = 1 T V 68 = 2 96 = 3-p 600 = 23| 13 = | 41 = If 69 = 2^ 97= 3i| 625 = 24i^ 14= A 42 = 1M 70 = 2f 98= 3H 650 = 25i4l 15= H 43 = 1H 71 = 2|f 99 = 3p 675 = 26^ 16= | 44 = U% 72 2^ 100= 3H 700 = 27^ 17= 11 45 = l|l 73 = 2|" 105 = 4j^ 725 = 28i^ 18 = & 46 = H? f 74 = 2| 110 = 4i^ 750 = 29i| 19= r 47 = Ifi 75 = 2-i-f, 115 = 4U 775 = 30|" 20= ff 48 = 1^ 76 = 3 120 = 4f 800 = 31* 21= f 49 = 1} 77 = 3,V 125 = 4|| 825 = 32if 22= a 50 = m 78 = 3 T V 150 = 5|| 850 = 33fi 23= fS- 51 = 2"" 79 = 3J 175= 64" 875 = 34 T v 24= ^ 52 = 2 T V 80 = 3,\ 200= 7 900 = 35 T ^ 25= -4 53 = 2,-V 81 = 3^V 225 = 8ft 925 = 36^4 26 = l^V 54 = 2J 82 = 3. S V 250 = 9f| 950 = 37,4 27 = 1^ 55 = 2jfr 83 = 3^ 275 = 10f| 975 = 38g" 28 = 1^ 56 = 2^ 84 = 3^ 300 = 11-1-1 10CO = 39| INDEX TO EXAMPLES In Examples marked A detailed working drawings require to be made from illustrations which show the parts assembled together. In Examples marked B assembly or arrangement drawings require to be made. In these cases the illustrations show either each detail separately, or assembly views other than those illustrated are called for. In Examples marked C working drawings of designs similar to those illus- trated are required, but the student is instructed to work to modified dimensions. Examples marked D are usually geometrical constructions. Examples marked E are tracing examples. Aeroplane Engine Air Pump . Cylinder, etc. . Oil Pump Propeller Hub . Armature for Continuous Current Generator M > Ball-bearing and Hanger ... Ball Thrust Bearing" .... Base Plate for Steam Hammer Bearing, Collar Thrust .... Bed and End Frame (induction motor) Details . for Mine Fan Pedestal for Dynamo for Ending Lathe Pipe-screwing Machine Hydraulic Capstan Bevel Gearing Block for 10-Ton Crane . ,. 15 10 40 40 Boiler Fire-box (traction engine) . ,, Marine Type ,, Details (Suckling water tube) EXAMPLE. PAGE. 78 110 A 79 110 B 76 107 A 77 107 E 80 114 A 81 114 B 75 105 A 89 133 A 90 133 C 10 15 B 11 15 E 32 45 C 152 217 A 12 17 A 13 17 C 101 145 A 102 145 C 103 145 B 104 145 E 9 13 B 93 137 A 94 137 C 95 137 E 133 181 A 139 191 A 118 163 A 27 41 C 14 19 A 15 19 C 16 19 E 17 22 A 18 22 B 71 93 A 72 95 A 73 101 C 238 239 EXAMPLE. PAGE. Boiler Safety Valves (Ramsbottom) 69 91 B ,, 70 91 E Scum Cock 67 89 A 68 89 B Shell (Suckling water tube) 74 101 A Broad Flange Beam Stanchion 19 25 B Brush Holder for Continuous Current Generator ... 96 139 B Induction Motor 105 147 A " 106 147 C Capstan, Hydraulic 117 161 B Bed 118 163 A Crank Shaft, etc 120 167 A Cylinders, etc 122 169 A Carriers, etc 123 169 A Levers, etc 121 167 A Revolving Plate and Bollard 119 165 A Unions 129 173 C Valves 124 171 A 125 171 B 126 171 B 127 171 E Water Cock 128 173 C Casing for Sirocco Fan 7 11 A 8 11 E Clutch (cone) for Motor Car 82 118 A (plate) Benn 3 6 A 4 6 C 5 6 E Cock (scum) for Locomotive Boiler 67 89 A ' 68 89 B Collar Thrust Bearing 12 17 A -I q I fj f% Colliery Head Gear Pulley .' .' !.'.".'.' 6 9 B Commutator for Continuous Current Generator ... 91 135 A 92 135 C Connecting Rod High-speed Steam Engine .... 46 63 A Coupling (flexible) 1 3A 2 3 C Crane Block, 10-Ton 14 19 A 15 15 19 C 16 19 E 40-Ton 17 22 A 18 22 B Crank Shaft for Hydraulic Capstan 120 167 A Cross-head, Locomotive, Two Bar ...... 39 55 A Single Bar 41 57 B Oil-box 40 55 C Curves, Cycloidal 20 32 D ,, Involute 22 35 D Cycloidal Teeth for Gear Wheels 21 32 D Cylinders, Aeroplane Engine 76 107 A Hydraulic Capstan .122 169 A Traction Engine 49 67 B Steam Hammer 155 222 A 157 222 E Carrier (capstan) 123 169 B Covers (traction engine) 52 71 C ,, (traction engine steam chest) ... 53 71 C 54 71 - E 240 EXAMPLE. PAOE. 150 211 B 149 209 B Dynamo Armature .... 89 133 A ,, ,, ...... 90 133 C ,, Bearing (pedestal) 93 137 A > ..... 94 137 C > ..... 95 137 E ,, Brush Holder ...... 96 139 B ,, Commutator ...... 91 135 A ,, ...... 92 135 C ,, Field Frame 86 130 A 88 130 B Pole Slices 87 130 A Eccentric and Hod for High-speed Steam Engine 47 65 B > > 48 65 E End Frame and Bearing for Induction Motor 101 145 A Details .... 102 145 C ,, ..... 103 145 B ,, 104 145 E Ending Lathe, General Arrangement . 130 177 B , Bed 133 181 A , Saddle 134 183 A ,, , Spindle, etc. ..... 135 185 A 5J > ' 136 185 E ,, , Stands 131 179 A 132 179 E Fan Bearing, Mine ...... 9 13 B ,, Housing, Sirocco ...... 7 11 A 8 11 E Field Frame for Dynamo ..... 86 130 A J5 >J ..... 88 130 B Fire-box for Traction Engine Boiler 71 93 A Flexible Coupling 1 3 A ,, ,, . . . 2 3 C Gearing, Bevel ....... 27 41 C Helical 28 43 A ,, ....... 29 43 B ,, Housing for Worm ..... 33 47 A ) 5> H 34 47 B 35 47 E ,, for Motor Car ..... 83 122 A ,, Internal ....... 26 39 C Worm 30 45 A ,, 31 45 C Gear Wheels', Small .!.!'.! 24 37 C Large 25 37 C ,, ,, Teeth of, Cycloidal .... 21 32 D ,, ,, ,, Involute .... 23 35 D Gnome Engine Cylinder, etc. .... 76 107 A Governor, Steam Engine, "Pickering" 56 75 A 57 75 B 58 77 A ? 59 77 E J 60 77 B 241 EXAMPLE. PAGE. Governor, Steam Turbine ....... 61 81 A 62 82 E 63 83 A Guide for Valve Rod (locomotive) 86 51 B 37 52 C 38 52 E Hanger with Ball-bearing ....... 10 15 B , 11 15 E Head Gear Pulley (colliery) 6 9 B Helical Gearing . 28 43 A 29 43 B High-speed Steam Engine Connecting Rod .... 46 63 A ,, ,, Eccentric 47 65 B 48 65 E Housing for Worm Gear 33 47 A and Worm Gear 34 47 B 35 47 E Hub for Aeroplane Propeller 75 105 A Hydraulic Capstan, General Arrangement .... 117 161 B ,, Bed 118 163 A ,, Carriers for Cylinders .... 123 169 B Crank Shaft, etc 120 167 A Cylinders, etc 122 169 A Levers, etc 121 167 A Revolving Plate 119 165 A Unions 129 173 C Valves 124 171 A ,, 125 171 B 126 171 B 127 171 E Water Cock 128 173 C Press (200 tons) 110 153 A Ill 153 B 112 155 A Pump 113 157 A 114 157 B , 115 159 A 116 159 E Stop Valve 107 151 A 108 151 C ,, 109 151 E Induction Motor, Brush Holder 103 145 A 104 145 C ,, ,, End Frame and Bearing .... 101 145 A Details 102 145 C 103 145 B 104 145 E Rotor 99 143 A 100 143 B Stator 97 141 A MM 98 141 B Internal Gearing . 26 39 C Involute Curve Construction 22 35 D Teeth for Gear Wheels 23 35 D Jig for Drilling Gear Case 150 211 B Shell Noses 149 209 B 16 242 EXAMPLE. PAGE. Lathe, Shell-ending, Arrangement 130 177 B Bed 133 181 A Saddle 134 183 A Spindle, etc 135 185 A 136 185 E Stands, etc 131 179 A 132 179 E Square Turret for 137 187 B Levers for Hydraulic Capstan 121 167 A Locomotive Cross-head, Two Bar 39 55 A Single Bar 41 57 B Cylinder Cover 42 59 A , 43 59 C , 44 59 E Safety Valves (Ramsbottom) .... 69 91 B .... 70 91 E Scum Cock for Boiler 67 89 A 68 89 B Steam Regulator 45 61 B Valve Rod Guide 36 51 B 37 52 C 38 52 E Metallic Packing for Cylinder Cover 42 59 A 43 59 C 44 59 E Mine Fan Bearing 9 13 B Motor Car Clutch 82 118 A ,, Gearing 83 122 A ,, ,, Calculation 84 122 ,, Omnibus Steering Gear ...... 85 125 A ,, (induction) Brush Holder 105 147 A 106 147 C End Frame and Bearing ... 101 145 A ,, Details .... 102 145 C .... 103 145 B .... 104 145 E Rotor 99 143 A , 100 143 B Stator 97 141 A 98 141 B Oil-box for Locomotive Cross-head ..... 40 55 C Oil pump for Aeroplane Engine ...... 80 114 A ....-.. 81 114 B Packing, Metallic, for Cylinder Cover ..... 42 59 A 43 59 C , 44 59 E Pedestal Bearing for Dynamo 93 137 A 94 137 C 95 137 E Pickering Governor for Steam Engine 56 75 A 57 75 B 58 77 A 59 77 E 60 79 B Pipe-screwing Machine Arrangement 138 189 B Bed 139 191 A 243 Pipe-Screwing Machine Driving Gear . EXAMPLE. 140 147 PAGE. 191 205 B A Leading Screw, etc. . Saddle , Stands, etc. Star Wheel 146 142 148 143 203 197 207 197 A B A o , Tool Holder , Turning Head . , Worm Gear 145 144 141 201 199 193 A A B Piston, Aeroplane Engine .... ,, Traction Engine .... Plate Clutch (Benn) . . . . 76 51 3 4 107 69 6 6 A C A o 5 6 F Pole Shoe for Dynamo Press, Hydraulic ...... > ...... ,, ,, ...... Propeller Hub (aeroplane) .... Pulley, Colliery Head Gear .... Pump, Air, for Aeroplane Engine . 87 110 111 112 75 6 78 79 130 153 153 155 105 9 110 110 A A B A A B A R Hydraulic ,, ...... ,, ...... Oil, for Aeroplane Engine . Ramsbottom Safety Valves .... 113 114 . . . 115 116 80 81 69 70 157 157 159 159 114 114 91 91 A B A E A B B F Regulator, Steam ...... Revolving Plate for Hydraulic Capstan Rod, Connecting, High-speed Steam Engine ,, Guide, Valve 45 119 46 36 37 61 165 63 51 52 B A A B o 38 52 F Rotor for Induction Motor .... M > > Saddle for Ending Lathe .... 99 100 134 143 143 183 A B A 69 91 B 70 91 E Screwing Machine (pipe) Arrangement . Bed ... Driving Gear . Leading Screw, etc. Saddle . Stands, etc. . 138 139 140 147 146 142 148 189 191 191 205 203 197 207 B A B A A B A Star Wheel . Tool Holder . 143 145 197 201 C A Turning Head Worm Gear . Scum Cock for Locomotive Boiler . Shell-ending Lathe Arrangement . M M Bed .... 144 141 67 68 180 133 199 193 89 89 177 181 A B A B B A Saddle 134 183 A 244 EXAMPLE. PAGE. 135 185 A 136 185 E ,, ,, Stands, etc 131 179 A > u ..... 132 179 E Sirocco Fan Housing 7 11 A l ....... 8 11 E Slide Valves, Traction Engine 50 69 C Square Turret for Lathe ...... 137 187 B Stanchion 19 25 B Stator for Induction Motor ...... 97 141 A 98 141 B Steam Hammer Assembly ...... T51 215 B Base Plate 152 217 A Cylinders and Valves .... 155 222 A ,, ...... 157 222 E Standards 153 219 A ,,...... 154 219 E Stop Valve 15G 222 A Steering Gear for Motor Omnibus ..... 85 125 A Stop Valve, Hydraulic ....... 107 151 A ....... 108 151 C ....... 109 151 E ,, Steam 64 87 B ,, , , . . . . . 65 87 C ,, ,,........ 66 87 E Teeth of Gear Wheels, Cycloidal 21 32 D ,, ,, Involute ..... 23 35 D Thrust Bearing, Ball 32 45 C Collar 12 17 A 13 17 c Toothed Gear Wheel (small) . . . . 24 37 C ,, (large) 25 37 C 49 67 B ,, , Cylinder Covers 52 71 C ,, , Fire-box 71 93 A Piston 51 69 C Slide Valves 50 69 C ,, , Steam Chest Covers .... 53 71 C >i .... 54 71 E Stuffing Box 55 73 C Turbine Governor 61 81 A ,, ,, ........ 62 81 E ........ 63 83 A Turret for Lathe 137 187 B Unions for Hydraulic Capstan ... 129 173 C Valves for Hydraulic Capstan 124 171 A 5> ..... 125 171 B 126 171 B > ..... 127 171 E Valve, Hydraulic Stop 107 151 A , ,, ,,....... 108 151 C , ,, ,,....... 109 151 E , Rod Guide (locomotive) ..... 36 51 B , ,, ,, ..... 37 52 C > ..... 38 52 E 245 EXAMPLE. PAGE. Valve, Ramsbottom Safety 69 91 B 70 91 E Slide, for Traction Engine 50 69 C Steam Stop 64 87 B . . v . . . . . . 65 87 C . 66 87 E ,, ,, (for steam hammer) .... 156 222 A Water Cock for Hydraulic Capstan 128 173 C Tube Boiler (Suckling) Details 73 101 C Shell 74 101 A Wheel, Small Gear 24 37 C Large Gear 25 37 C Teeth, Cycloidal 21 32 D Involute 23 35 D Worm Gearing for Hoist 30 45 A 31 45 C Housing 33 47 A and Housing 34 47 B 35 47 E for Pipe-screwing Machine .... 141 193 B PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, ABERDEEN THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO 5O CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. JAN 35 i93g 22Jan'59FW r^r*x*fr^ i r% KE.C D LD JAN 1 3 1959 DEC 28 !S3b ** ; - MAR 12 1*., 1 J " v ' : - D DFC 2p jftifi N7*rO REC'O LD IO!War'54 GR 1AM 196? NAR i iq^4 VTP JAN " 1ftanr57l_Q , iOnjJi " ^-o j REC'D LD A. : 2 3 195V 1 7Aug'57GB REC^tt I r% v%K>V t^ 1- ^^ JUL 26 1957 LD 21-100m-7,'33 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY