THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES PUBLISHERS' PREFACE. To-day thousands "f young men and women are pursu- ing the study of Short hand. Hundreds of thousands would do eo if they had the opportunity. This book offers a most excellent "opportunity to the large and increasing number of deserving young people who wish to learn the art of swift writing. This book is exactly suited to self -instruction. It was prepared by one of the swiftest Stenographers and most expert teachers in America. Professor Moran, the author, was Court Reporter for eight years, serving a portion of this time in Judge Gresham's Court, and re- porting cases for Vice -President Hendncks, General Ben. Harrison, Senator Voorhees and other prominent lawyers. He taught Short -hand with great success for seven years at the University of Iowa, and has perhaps given instructions in Short-hand to more persons than any other living teacher. The books of which he is the author are used in hundreds of c lieges and hiirh schools. This little work has been prepared with great care, and we confidently believe that any intelligent student can obtain a thorough knowledge of all tbe essential prin- ciples of the Pitman System by an honest study of its pages. Every beginner Is earnestly recommended to avail him- self of tiie lessons by mail to which the coupons at the back of the bok entitle him. A certain amount of in- dividual instruction just at the outset is of very great importance to the student just starting. If YOU will only begin right, you will avoid mistakes that migat otherwise prove serious. The author also agrees to send to each learner Cards of Introduction to other students of Short-hand, with whom he may carry on a correspondence, making use of char- acters to some extent Letter-writing in t>hort-hand is a great benefit to the person who studies at home, and it is as helpful as it is interesting. The foolish notion once prevailed, that only a genins could learn Short- hand. The old text books published twenty years ago were difficult to learu from. A book that is easy and simple, like this one, which is an outcome from the many years experience of a practical teacher, will enable the intelligent, earnest student to accomplish wonders. To every ambitious young man and young woman we say, Take this book and study it faithfully an hour more or "less every day, and you will find stenography as easr to understand as it is useful in business and beautiful in theory. New Tork City, January, 1892 OUTLOOK. The "value of stenographic writing as an accomplish- ment, and as a part of a practical business education, is so obvious, and the proofs of its utility so various and satisfactory, that the demand for a knowledge of the art is spreading with an increased rapidity. The pursuit of stenography as a distinct calling has grown beyond all expectation. Already, in each of the older states and principal cities, the number of those engaged in the short- hand writing business reaches into thousands. The work is pleasant, instructive, and profitable. Will it remain so? We will notice a fact which, in many minds, is the occasion for anxiety as to the future the increasing j amber of students. But it should be borne in mind that a large, perhaps the larger, part of learners wish ste- nography as an accomylishment. Besides, thousands of young men every year resign their positions as stenog- raphers to enter some profession or commercial enter- prise. Fully as many young women, also, reluctantly though it may be, annually give up short-hand for the more tranquil life in a home of their own. Other natural causes also keep thinning the ranks. On the other hand, and for various reasons not necessary to enumerate, the demand fora greater number of stenographers continually increases. We know of nothing likely to check this de- mand, while certain events, likely to come to pass, as, for example, the perfection of long-line telephones, would almost double the amount of stenographic work to be done. When the knowledge of short-hand shall have be- come universal, the stenographic profession will still ex- ist; just as book-keepers would still be needed, although every one understood arithmetic and the science of ac- counts. So important has short-hand become, that the time approaches when a knowledge of it will be con- sidered an indispensable*part of a business education. INTRODUCTION. The aim of this work is to present the Pitman system in the concrete not merely In the abstract; to teach the how of short hand, rather than the ivhy of it. The method of Instruction employed is practical and progressive. The principles are taken up and explained in an orderly manner, and the student directed how to apply them correctly in the work of forming the characters rapidly and artistically. Two or three new principles only are introduced in a single lesson, and a list of words i serted which are to be written In accordance therewith. The words chosen for this purpose are those in common use. The drill which enables the learner to write and read them with the required speed, fixes the characters firmly in his memory. No word or phrase Is introduced until the learner has been fully directed how to write it in the proper manner. The student who, taking the lessons In turn, masters each, will, upon completing the course* be a competent writer of short-hand. In Lesson 1, will be found a key and explanation of the short- hand characters given In the accompanying plate- Compare your work frequently with the engraved charac- ters. Write a small hand; place your words closely together, speaking them aloud as you write theni t Occasionally read over what you have written. Three important rules are: 1, practice; 2, practice; 3, practice I All beginners write too largo. You probably do. Your characters should be but little, if any, longer than those shown In the lesson. Some practice with a pencil Is use- ful, but a pen should be used mostly. WHAT TO DO. I. Always write on ruled paper, and hold your pen in a nearly upright position. 2. Send a copy of plate 1 to the author, at St. Louis, for correction. 3. Use good black ink, and whatever pen you find most satisfactory. 4. Read over at least once everything you write. 5. Practise every day without fail, if only for a lew minutes. 6. Practice on no matter not found in your lessons. 7. Write a good deal from dictation ; that Is, exercises as they are read aloud to you. If possible, get a fellow- student; dictate by turns and criticise each other's work. 8. Occasionally read over an exercise written a week previously. 9. Each exercise should be written slowly at first, grad- ually Increasing the speed afterwards. 10. Learn each word well, for it is always expressed by the same character in actual reporting. II. Form the habit of phrasing, or joining words to- gether. 12. Write email; remember the standard, one-sixth of an inch. 13. Hold your note book firmly by placing your left thumb and finger two inches above the base line. 14. Always carry some short- hand matter with you to study spare moments. 15. Whenever prc ; yer in writing, employ the characters you have learned. 16. Corresponding with other short-hand students is earnestly recommended. 17. When this course of lessons has been learned, the student's practice need not be limited to the exercises here given, but easy newspaper articles the prose part of school readers, printed collections of business letters, and published reports of law and convention proceedings may be profitably used for this purpose. Great care should be taken to write each article properly the first time, and to re-write it afterwards not less than half a dozen times with gradually increased speed. Those students who study short-hand with the view of making it profitable in business, would do well to provide themselves with a copy of the "Keporting Style," a book for professional stenog- raphers. The price of this book is $1.50. Sample pages are sent free. Address, Central College of Correspondence, St. Louis, Mo. ADVICE TO THE STUDENT. BY THE AUTHOR. Would you like to be able to write short-hand? Cer- tainly. Short-hand will pay you; besides, it you do not learn it, you will, by-and-by, be considered behind the times. A knowledge of this art cannot be picked up in the street. It will take a little work, but of course you have patience and grit. You would like the assistance of a kind and skillful teacher? But if you have none, per- haps you will allow me to be your instructor? I will not forget that you are just beginning, and that you need every point made as clear and plain as possible. Yes, certainly, I can teach you, and I have no doubt you will work faithfully, and have this wonderful art of swift writing well learned in just a few months. I feel quite sure I can help yon over all the hard places, for I have taught many, yes, very many, young persons of your age. And, to be honest, I must say, too, that there are some persons of your age, and some still older, that I do not like to teach I would really rather not. Why? Because they do not treat their teacher just right. They agree to work at short- hand every day, a little, any way. Then after awhile, without any good exc- se, they skip a day, ud that causes trouble. By-and-by they skip another day; then next they miss two dajs. Instead of copying each lesson ten times, or more, they write it nine times, then eight, then seven, and at last only once. Of course they do poorly and get discouraged. They fail to become rapid short-hand writers, and the teacher gets the blame. Now it would be an unnecessary expense for you to come where I am and have me teach you from, a black- board. Still I will be your teacher, and you will be my pupil, if you will only follow the directions which I give here. But / am not willing to teach you, unless you firmly resolve now, before proceeding further, that you will do your part as an earnest student. If you are not willing to do this, then I say, drop short-hand right now, and never touch it again. 8 Short-hand IB a grand accomplishment, and you ought not merely to play with it. I trust yon are seriously In earnest. If you are, I will take pleasure in proving my . Interest In your welfare by writing you a personal letter in short- hand characters as soon as you have finished the sixth lesson. You will then well deserve a word of en- couragement from me. You should write ^ue first, giving information as to your age, occupation, how much.Jime you study each day, who, if any one, you have for a class- mate, etc. Address me at St. Louis. You may, if you wish, send a copy of plate 1 for me to examine. Also, would you like to have me send you a card introducing you to two or three other persons of your own age, with whom you may correspond in characters? This will be pleasant, and those who are learning can help each* other a great deal in this way. It may be your intention to learn, not now, but at some "more favorable time" in the future. To you who are disposed to procrastinate, that "more favorable time" will never arrive 1 You may a's well write it down, now or never! The younger you begin, the more certain you will be of succeeding. If you are under middle age, have good sight and hearing, the use of your hands, some little education, and a spark of ambition, then you can afford to devote the time necessary to acquire this art. Once iriore, however, I say before beginning these lessons, make up your mind that you are going to master them, or let them alone entirely. ST. Lotus, Mo., Feb. 1892. J v. I " t\ R WRITING BY SOUND. No attention Is paid to spelling; words are written the easiest way possible. Silent letters are omitted, as e In yoke. To Illustrate, read this sentence to some friend: That largfelo lookt hi and lo for the lime kil on the naro ej ov the hit. He would get your meaning just the same, no matter how the words were spelled. At first, copy the characters slowly and carefully; con- tinue doing so until you can write them correctly. The young like to practice, but the grown per.sons execute better. The young like writing; theold llkestudy. Short hand requires little study but much practice; hence the young succeed the best. Short-hand is something to be done, not merely thought about. It requires the hand more than the head. The small dots in plate 1 indicate the base line simply. CORRESPONDENCE. Letter writing in sh.irt hand is no more Interesting than it Is helpful to the learner. You will naturally write more carefully when you expect that your letter will be read by some one at a distance; and this practice will in time give you a habit of accuracy. The perusal of the letters you receive will prove a most valuable drill in reading Ton will be compelled to rely entirely upon the short- hand notes , whereas, in reading what yon have previously written yourself, you are aided in a measure by memory It Is a mistake to suppose that you must complete your course before undertaking such a correspondence. The better plan is to begin early, writing a mixed hand, that Is, all the words stenographically that you are able, and the balance in lonjr hand Two points are to be guarded- 1st Do not put words that you have not learned into short hand 2d. Do not fail to employ characters for all words that you have learned. The author, Prof Moran , will, within proper limits, furnish letters of Introduction to all who make application LESSON I. KEY TO PLATE 1. Line 12 By die Guy eyed bide gibe guide abide. 13 Beau dough ode bode Job goad obeyed doge. 14 Bay aid Abe jay gay jade guage babe. 13 Day age Joe go obey ago abode Dido. First Copy Plate 1 ten times. Use a fine pointed pen, black ink, and a good quality of ruled paper. Observe carefully the following points : Make the characters, or let- ters, all the same length, rather short, not too long. Place them quite closely together, and do not get them crooked. Each stroke should rest precisely on the iine. In L 7 (line 7) joined 6 extends below the line. The rule is that the first downward letter should rest on the line. B, d, and j are always struck downwards, and g to the right. Just as you write each letter speak its name aloud. Thus, while you are writing L 1, say b, b, b, and L 2, d, d, d, etc. The letter in L 4 is called gay Instead of g. The letter / should be made sharp-pointed, and the two short lines composing it light, not heavy. (SeeL. 9). /is always BO writ- ten as to point straight down. The letter o should be very short only one-fourth the length of d. is struck at a right angle with the letter beside which it is placed. For example, o in L 13 slants to the right in beau, to the left in Job, is horizontal in dough, and vertical in go (L 15). It is so written as to point directly away from the lelter, orstem, near which it occurs. B, d,j, g, are consonants, and /, o, and a, vowels. The letters, or marks, which express con- sonants, are called stems; while the dots, dashes, and small angles are called vowel signs. Pate u IB\ \\\\\\ \\\\ D I I | I 1 I | I | | "J/ /////////./ 11 4 C \/ \/ \ / \ / \/ XX XX XX LH 9 I Vvv v yvv 10 O I I 11 A . t v r 13 \ I' H 14 \ -I \ nf COfYRIGHTELl. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. LESSON II. KEY TO PLATE 2. L 11 Tie dike Ike pipe pied tide chide typo. 12 Ope Coe oat poach code dope toto Tokay. 13 Pay ape ache Kate paid Jake Cato abate. TRANSLATE LINES 14 AND 15. First Copy Plate 2 ten times. It is very important to make the light letters as thin and light as possible. The shaded strokes b, d, j, etc., should not be very heavy, enough so only for distinction. In writing any word, as Jacket, (j-k-t, L8) do not lift the pen from the paper until the word is entirely finished. Be careful to write t vertical. It is a common error to slant it, making it appear like ch. The stem eh, L 3, is for convenience called chay. Second Frequently com pare your work with the Plate, looking closely to see if it can be improved in any way. It should correspond as to shading, straightness of stems, and the nearness of the signs to each other. In size, the letters may be as small, and ought not to be much larger than those given in the Plate. The vowel dot a and dash o should always be placed at the middle of the stem. Write mostly with a pen ; it is superior to a pencil in every way. Third Read one page of your writing without refer- ence to the Key. Better still, read each page you write. L B, for example would be read thus; pe-chay, chay-pe, etc. Short-hand is written by sound. Only as many letters are employed as there are distinct sounds heard ; thus, fo, foe; na, nay; lo, low; felo, fellow; do, dough; fabl, fable; fo- tograf, photograph ; mikst, mixed; kwtt, quill. There are no silent letters, as b in lamb. Each letter is used only when its particular sound is heard ; thus p is used in pie, but not in sophM, (spelt so fist). In copper, (pronounced cop- er) p occurs but once. Hence the usual manner of spell- ing a word has nothing whatever to do in determining the way to write it in short-hand. Fourth*- Practice on Plate 3 till you can copy it in two minutes. COI'YKKiHTKl). AI.I. NIGHTS RESERVED. 1 P 2 T 3 CI1 4 K ? P CH. CI1 1 ; 6 T K. K T 7 K J. J K fi J K T 9 P K J 10 K B Plate 2, \\\\\\ \ y "7 / \ / LH L_H LH 7 COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ORAL EXERCISE. Few vowels are written. Learn to spell by consonants, speaking the words aloud as you write them. Spend ten minutes a day upon exercises like the following: T-k, take; b k. book; p-g (pronounced pce-gay), pig; b g, big; d-ch (pronounced dee-chay), ditch; b-j, budge; j b. job; t b, tub; k-j, cage; p-j, page; b-k-t, bucket; t-k-t, ticket; jk-t, jacket; k-b j, cabbage; b-t-k, betake; b j-t, budget; b-d-k, bedeck; j-j, judge; d-k-t, docket; k-m, came; t-m, time; n-m, name; j-m, gem; g-m, game; 1-v, love; th-f, thief; h-v, heavy ; m-v, move; sh-v, shave; m-m-k, mimic; k-m-k, comic; b-k-m, became; d-l-j, deluge; h-t 1, hotel, n-g j, engage; s-k-p, escape; m-n th, month. Beginners press the pen too hard upon the paper. That means more friction, more labor, more time, less speed. Touch the paper lightly. Make the thin stems as fine as possible; learn to dash them off rather quickly, barely touching your pen to the paper. "Write compactly; that is, write small and place your words quite near each other. Avoid a spraw.ing style. Always carry In your pocket a short-hand sign book, manuscript, or exercise to read at leisure moments, while traveling, waiting for cars, steamboats, for lazy people to keep appointments, or whenever an opportunity for a few minutes' study may be had. Do not ask help in your translations. 15 CURIOUS ITEMS. Some reporters can write lour words a second for sev eral minutes. Few speakers talk as fast as that. Stories are told of cases where the friction of the pencil, caused by its quick movement, would sometimes set the paper on lire. But these arc only stories In taking a short- hand report the pen really moves no faster than in writ ing common long- hand. The difference between the two is, that in short-hand a single brief character represents an entire word; sometimes several words. Instances are related of cases where reporting was done under difliculties. One short-ham! writer had to hold his note book against the wall and write standing Another was obliged to write in the dark had to " feel his way." It is so easy for some persons to report a speech, that they can do so while, to some extent, thinking of some- thing else entirely; just as you can walk and talk at the same time. To the expert, indeed, short-hand writing is an easy task. We know a few lawyers, skilled in sten- ography, who are able, while addressing the court, to write down their remarks in short-hand just as they are delivered. They were able to write, speak and think all at the same time. This was not so diflicult, however, as it appeared, because the hand kept pace with the tongue, and the tongue with the brain. 16 LESSON III. KEY TO PLATE 3. Figures 1 and 2 show direction of letters, the rule being toward the centre. Fig. 3 shows their attitude and rel- ative length,. 3 Bee tea key gee eke peak peep deep. 4 Joy toy coy Boyd bough chow out outch. 6 Days goes pays pose chose gaze buys joys. 6 Side seat soap siege sage soak sake sate. 1 Spice space seeds sakes skies spokes spikes DeSoto. 8 Dow stow cows base chase scow beak cope. 9 Beach cheek keep keyed cowed gouge coke bestow. 10 Cages betakes beseech besiege beside decide outside decays. 11 Word-Signs Common come give together which ad- vantage is his as has. 12 1 high how the a all two (or too) already before ought who. Translate Ls 13, 14, and 15. EXPLANATION. Towels are written at the beginning, middle, and end of the stems, in what are called the first, second, and third places. The sound of a dot ordash depends on the place it occupies. Atfiird place vowel, occuring between two stems, Is put by the second, as ow in cowed, L 9. There are, like- wise, three consonant positions; 1st, above, 2nd, upon, and 3rd, through, or beneath the line. The circle s should be made small as possible, and al- ways be placed on oither the upper or right-hand side of the etem. If 8 begins a word, it is pronounced first, altho a vowel may be at the left of it. See side, L 6. Many of the commonest words are expressed by abbreviations, called word-signs. See Ls 11 and 12. These should be copied a great many times, and committed well to memory. First Copy Plate 3 ten times. Compare and correct. Second Write Ls 3 to 10 as the words are read to you from the Key. Carefully compare your writing with the plate, correct and continue writing until mistakes cease to be found. Tliird Practice on word-signs until you can write the list easily, forwards or backwards, as it is read to you. Practice on the Plate until you can write it in two minutes. COPYRIGHTED. ALT. FIGHTS RESERVED. \ r r \ v / ,i \ \> / -_o N T T * / /" oy 9 -p Q o 7- \> \j t> n P v \ X ID WORD-SIGNS 13 " \ V V \ vf cl 5 L_D / / y I n < 17 V V 12 A O ' O / O O I / N .1 .. y . A TRANSLATE. , \ -f 15 77 CO1-YRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 18 UESSON IV. KEY TO PLATE 4. 4 Fee fie vie lie lay lee mow (verb) mow (noun). 5 Oaf eve eel isle ire our life lower. 6 Kile knollkneelname lope league chore boil. 7 Nose face sign save sore sown aims James. 8 Dio leech sours soils arise Fido voyage Milo. 9 Word-Signs For have will me my him in any no. 10 Kever now give anything that first we you. Translate Ls 11 to 15. (The words in Ls 11 and 12 occur also in the exercise below.) After n, sk, aud in some other cases, I is written down- wards. See L 6. It is then called el; and when struck up- wards, lay. The signs for I, ol, and ow, should be made as small, light, and sharp-angled as possible. \Vheu two vowels are written by one stem, one is placed nearer, ac- cording to the order in which they occur. The circle s is always written on the inside of curves. At first, curves are difficult to write. As to degree of curvature, they should be nearly one-fourth of a circle. Be careful to bend them evenly throughout. In this and all remaining Lessons, spend at least two hours in copying and re-copying the Plate. Then write the words as they are read to you from the Key, compare with the Plate, and repeat until no errors are found. Also write and re-write the exercise a number of times. Occasionally transcribe your short-hand, and compare the translation with the original print. At first write slowly, and with great care; afterwards increase your Bpeed gradually. First Practice on Plate 4 until you can copy it in two minutes. Second Spend twenty minutes writing the word-signs in Lessons III and IV as they are read to you miscellaue ously. Third Write in short-hand the following Exercise: Knee nay nigh know oil safe save file feel vale vile fame foam Lyle loaf loam Maine lief leave moil knife leak bore door fore pore pale pile peel bale bile fails toils vice. COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Pate 4 r 5 ^ v .r v r ^r Y 'Y ^ C V WORD- SIGNS. 9 v_ v. r 10 V. ^_^ WORD-FORMS. n^r \r r r V r* COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RKSERVKD. 20 LESSON V. KEY TO PLATE 5. 7 Ace eyes thief loathe shave shire weak yoke. 8 Sew wrote rise row rout Keuo rising roar. 9 Hoeing shaking heath shoal house hoax height yore. 10 Kecede geyser Kaiser miser spacer chosen pacing . c- ing. 11 This week I take my fifth lesson in stenography. Word-signs. 12 Them [or they] think was your way he are stenography advantage a and [or an] period. Translate Ls 13, 14 and 15. EXPLAHATTON. In L 1 the first letter has the force of th in three, and is called ith; the second, the force of th iu those, and is called the. When* has the sound of z, as in was or goes, it is called z, and expressed by a thickened stem. S is most commonly expressed by the circle; but the curve is needed when an initial vowel precedes, as in ace, L 7, or a final vowel follows, as in sew, L 8. In L 3 the first letter, called ish, has the force of sh in bishop, or ti in motion. When struck upwards it is called shay. The second, called zhe, is equivalent to s in pleasure. The curves in L 4 are called way and yay, and are the same as the consonants w and y. II, always written upwards, is called hay, and ng, ing. Shaded m, called emp, is equivalent to mp or mb, as in temple, or tumble. Upward r, called ray, is used more than the down-stroke. It is quicker, ofteuer secures a good angle, and prevents word-forms from extending too far below the line. When the circle s occurs between two straight stems, it is placed outside the angle, as in geyser ; at all other times it ia if possible placed inside (he curve. The circle is put on the left of up-strokos hay and ray. Exercise Moore hide rate heap road ride going reap saw ease reach rake rose. Sentences. 1. This boy's name is Jake, and he has a rake by his side. 2. He will take the rope and go and tie the cow. 3. This boy's name is James, and he has a spilia and a nail. 4. ililo will take them and file them for two hours. COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 5, 21 1 TH (( (( (( (( (( (( (( feS-I )))))))))))) 3 SII-ZH JJ J) JJ J} M JJ J) JJ i W-T ^ r ^ r ^ r > r ^ r 5 H-NG 6 RAY-MP 12 ( ( ) r 14 I s-*, f. ( L_ ^> v WORD-SIGNS. ^ x WOBD-FOUMS. COP%'RIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 22 LESSON VI. KET TO PLATE 6. 1 Balk talk chalk sought arm palm boom loom. 2 Hoot gall shawl balm laws Ross yawl wasp. 3 ilaul sauce gauze tomb far bar mar jar. 4 "What will he do with that small jar of tar ? 5 Paul will take it and pay for it right away. Word-signs, 6 Of to or but on should with were what would. Translate Ls 7 to 15. EXPLANATION. Thesigns in L 6 should be as light and small as possible. On and should are always written upwards. The vowels, altho not commonly employed in reporting, should be thoroughly learned. The student will be aided in recollec- ting both the character and order of the long vowels by committing to memory the following rhyme: In th-e g-ay c-a-r S-ee gr-ay cz-a-r. In sm-a-11 g-o-ld b-oo-ts, T-a-11 A-oe sh-oo-ts. Suggestions Frequently review former lessons. Carry this paper in your pocket and devote spare moments to study. Correspond with two or three other students, using characters as far as you are able. If requested, the Author will furnish addresses. It is well to have a class-mate with whom to practice two evenings each week. Keep your di- ary in short-hand. Study a little every day do not miss a single one. Exercise Saul fall tall laws tar Czar doom Paul ball pause cause also moss walk hawk snow geese goose sly toss small jaw thaw. Sentences. 1. Do you know how to hoe peas ? 2. He is going to show them how to peel a potato with a spade. 3. She likes to go to the lake and slide on the ice. 4. We have a loaf of rye and a bowl of ale for tea. 6. \Te also have a saucer of choice meal, and an eel which we will boil. 6. They have no rice, but oatmeal cake and a pail of spice beer. COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Plate 6 . T "V. V r L_ WORD-SIGXS. TRANSLATE. ..'..... ) u i r x^l.J: ^ __ ' \ . .. I ^- COFVRlGHTEl). ALL RIGHTS KLSEK\ ED. VOCALIZING. The student's chief concern is to know when to write and when not to write the vowel sounds. He can, how- ever, be supplied with no specific rules. He must ex- ercise his own judgment in applying the general rule, viz. : In reporting, insert as many vowels as may be strictly necessary to render the notes decipherable when the transcript is afterwards made. More vowels than these are superfluous, and ought not to be writien. Just what, however, 1s meant by "easily decipherable?" Some persons require the notes to be fully vocalized, or they find themselves at sea when the report is to be written. There are some few writers who dispense with vowels entirely. They form their characters well, chooee accurate outlines and bring to bear an exceptional judg- ment and memory in writing out their reports after- wards. Those who use vowels to quite an extent learn to depend upon them, and the practice becomes necessary mainly through force of habit. Nothing short of experience will teach the young re- porter just to what extent he ought to insert vowels to render his reports intelligible to himself. The difficulty he finds In reading certain outlines will cause him to vocalize them when next they occur. Gradually, also, he learns to drop vowels which he does not find helpful In transcribing. Stenographers in time acquire an intuitive faculty telling them as they write, no matter how swiftly, that this word or that requires a vowel, or else, in the peculiar connection in which it occurs, its meaning will be doubtful afterwards when the tracks of his Hying pen- cil are being translated into "English." The reporter, when pressed, writes larger than at other times. Some persons take this as an indication that a large hand is the most rapid. It proves just the contrary. The really skillful stenographer, when writing at high speed, is not flurried, and writes about as small a hand as usual. There can be no question but that the greatest speed will be attained ultimately only by writing the characters near each other, cultivating a neat style, and writing as small a hand as practicable. 9R PRACTICAL HINTS. The first downward letter of any word should rest on the line. This is an important rule. To illustrate, in writ- ing cabbage (in short-hand spelled k-b-jH k should be placed above the line so that 6, the first downward letter, may rest upon it; j, the last letter, falls below the line. [See line 10, plate 2.] The word-signs will bother yon they dc everybody. They, are hard to memorize; nevertheless copy them aud keep on copying them until you know them as well as your a, b, c's. If not now, you will, in due time, thoroughly understand them. They are simple abbreviations like Dec. lor December, Ib. tot pound, etc. Please refer to the word eke in the third line of the plate. The vowel e is placed above k, because the sound e occurs before the sound of k. For this reason the sign for ow is written at the left of t in the word out, line 2. But in key and toy, the vowels come last, and the signs are placed below or on the right side of the consonant letters or stems. The second word in line 6 is seat. Here s is read first, then the vowel, and lastly the stem t is sounded. Beginners make the s circle too large; there is no dan- ger of getting it too small. Make all letters the same length. This is easy. Keep this point in view while practicing, and you will soon form the habit of striking the letters of a uniform size. Xine-tenths of all short-hand work consists in wri'ing over and over many times a few hundred very common words; hence words and phrases which occur the often- est must be learned the best. The reporter writes him, is, jcill. I can, do not, scores of times to ocean, extracting, caliber, indigo, delve, once. He will be sure to fail if he ever has to hesitate before writing one of the common words. Quite likely all the letters look very much alike to you. Still they are all different. Let us see. Consonants differ as to form (straight and curved), shading (light and heavy), attitude (vertical, horizontal and slanting). Vow- els differ from each other in these respects: They are, first, long or short; second, light or heavy; third, first, second or third place; fourth, dots, dashes or angles. 26 IJSSSON VII. KEY TO PLATE 7. 1 Big beg bag bock buck book wife youth. 2 Itch edge egg ash ill Al at pack. 3 Mill inch niche knell fetch match snatch badge. 4 Cob knock lock rub tub rum took shook. 5 Wide wives twice few due new musty rusty. 6 Message judge waxen injure muscle deposit nothing earth. 7 Vessel citizen Mark agency hotel hasten maxim. Word-signs. 8 Help notwithstanding New York City spoke special knowledge acknowledge several I (or eye). Translate Ls 9 to 15. EXPLANATION. The short vowel signs are made very small and light. u-^a-, ~r,,-i -,-h^ ~. j Bill gets bat; (Lot cuts wood. Mnemonical rhymes: j f^fiS,^ \ Dot does good . When a second place short vowel occurs between two stems, it is placed by the second. The rule briefly stated Is: 2nd place long and all first place vowels, are put by the first stem, and all others by the second. Wi is expressed by a small right-angle, and long u by a semi-circle. L 5. Proper names are indicated by a double underscore; as Mark, L 7. Common words are not usually vocalized. If a word contains two or more stems, it can usually be de- ciphered even if the vowels are omitted. See Ls 6 and 7. JSxercise Write with vowels: Dick Jack pig Ditch dim Jim gem beck bell catch latch patch jam dam rob dock shock shop duck .dumb chum gum thumb nook cook dusty valley. Without vowels: Desk cabbage picnic spell early bill many among live heavy damage enough Alabama Tuesday Sunday Saturday discuss this. Sentences. 1. Amos has his bow in readiness. 2. He is waiting for the ducks to come up to the decoy. 3. Ed is too weak to make his way along the stony path up the slope. COtYKlGHJ El>. ALL KIG111S Kt.sKKVtU. 4 7 8 / \ 9 L 10 1 11 (~ 12 13 3 Plate 7. j -c r 27 V - GNS. / X \ \ I TRANSLATE. V v r \ r \ Li A A> COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 28 VOWEL TABLE. The following table will aid the learner in remembering the order and the place of the six long, and also the six short vowels: LONG VOWELS. SHORT VOWELS. 1st 2d place place 1st place place 2d place 3d place Dots . . . Bee Bay Bali Mil Met Mat Dashes . Taw Toe Too i Cot Cut Foot | 1 Dots . . . Me May Ma Pit Pet Pat Dashes. . Caw Coe Coo I Not Nut Soot The words a, an, and, in phrasing, arc denoted by a short tick written horizontally or vertically The tick selected should make- an angle with the character to which it is attached. When not convenient to express these words by a tick, the dot signs should be used. In the following exercise u*e ran, except where the downward r is indicated (by ar) ; wlien I is to be written downward it is so indicated i by el). Write using ray: King road revive reveal (el) revenue ready repeal rash rate range wrong abhor birth burenu arrive earth inarch mark marry marriage memorial (el) merry admire memory mirror marrow notary period perish rare rariiy injury theory thoiough tornado "variety victory hurry poetry Arizona arch burial. hong vowels: Ate tea ace saw sea low oaf foe all ache gay aid dough awl ale lea ape Poe paw Joe shoe eve thaw Jaw aim woe gnaw knee may Esau oar (ar) era (ar) arto age aught fee hay oat ode sew. (1st place) Cheek chalk heap heed tall "leaf leap meal peal bawl beak bean beer hawk deal kneel (el) leak peach reap sheep team teeth wreath wreathe Neal (el) Paul. ('2d place) Cake coach coal comb dale dnme bail bowl cape joke fame gale game jail choke knave lame loaf nail (el) pole porch vale abate bore (ar) roam (ar). Using dipthongs, write: Tic pipe vile knife mile defy boil coil foil row toy vouch Guy buy die chime couch coy dike fowl hide nigh owl foul pike pile rhyme shy sigh spike dye thigh tire toil annoy diet envoy royal Isaac sour. EXERCISES. S-circlc junctions between two straight letters : Custody dispatch discuss dispose exhibit dispel gaxet gospel Justice succeed capacity Tuesday bestow disguise dusk gossip hostile receipt rest less upset restore custom task rustic risk. Between a straight and a curved letter: Citizen desire desirous disarm dislike excel Harrison niessage music re- solve instil musical pacific society specify answer dismiss visitor visit reason receive vivacity honesty Massachusetts Minnesota Erastns (ar) Missouri officer sarcasm (ar). Between two curves: Innocence Insanity mason scarcely Cincinnati refusal (el) license (el) offensive; (also write) sophomore sorrow genius science sublime Minneapolis. Sentences: 1. Your son is a wise youth, because he- seeks to-do-right. 2. In our city we-have some enow in- the-month of May. 3. Joseph Jackson, the-lawyer, has-a-large influence, and-he-may resign his office. 4. We-thlnk of going Into-a-business scheme together. 5. Our affairs ar now in-such shape that-we may do-so if- we-wish. 6. Your absence in Alabama may restore your- health, and-thus be-the cause of-much happiness. 7. How-long-do-you think you-will reside in-the South? 8. I-will leave for DaKota m-the-month of March. PHRASES. As-he as-it-was do-so do-that do-they has -that have- also have-become have-long I-am-also I-am-ready I- became I-have I-know-that I-was ln-any In-his in-it In-the-way in-them in-wh;ch in-your may-have may- never take-it take-that take-them it-was. All-are all-his all-my all-right ail-that all-the-way all-which all-yon all-your and-have as-it-should before- bis before-the before-you but-a but-may hut-that but-lhe but-we for-a for- which has-a have -a of -that of-the-w.'iy In-the-way of-them on-that should-be should-do ehould- never should-they take-the to-him to-live to-love-them too-many who-may who-was. All-such all-this be-said be-this before-this do-such do-this does-it does-that does-the does-this does-your for-such for-thls has-this have-them have-such have -this how-may in-its-own is-this it-makes such-was to-his to-this which-has whlch-makes. And-we as-it^should for-we have-we such-ai that-you we-do we-have they-were we-were what-all what-do what-does with-the with-that would-bay would-never how-you. 30 LESSON VIII. KEY TO PLATE 8. 1 Pump ample sympathy empire symbol thump lamp. 2 Cases paces necessary success faces loses causes. 3 Subsist exercise system Mississippi necessity races houses. 4 You-may do-you I-say-so shall-never you-will-never you-are have-time. 5 Does-it-make will-you-come how-long-have-you they- may shall-have we-have-no. 6 Will-you-take as-you-like it-is-so shall-I-have as-many- as as-long-as do-we-know. 7 I-was I-do-think 1 have-no-time I-will-never I-writc- you he-may he-would he-is he-has-no. 8 To-be may-be justiee-of-the-peace as-well-as do-as-you have-his-name for-the-sake-of just-so. 9 Takes-us gives-us as-soon-as this-system makes-us United-States is-as as-is. 10 A-day a space a-long a-common a-coil you-and-I he- and-you this-and-that. 11 The-advantage to-lhe of-the all-the for-the on-the should-the of-a to-a have-a, Word-signs. 18 Importaut-ce improve-ment simple-ly impossible temperance December post-office become. Translate Ls 13, 14 and 15. EXPLANATION. The syllables ces, cis, sis, ses, sez, etc. are expressed by the large circle, about five times larger than the small s. Words grammatically related are usually joined together, providing the phrases thus formed are angular, and not too long. Words, when phrased, may be written out of their usual position. Observe 1st, only half the / is writ- ten, whichever tick makes the best angle; 2nd, he is the same as the last tick of /, excepting that it is always struck downwards; 3rd, the is precisely like either he or /, 4th, cr, an and are expressed by a vertical or horizontal tick. See Ls 7 to 11. A hyphen between words indicates that they are to be joined together. Proper phrasing increases both speed and legibility. Exercise Camp lump damp pieces noses mazes noises scamp jump Texas Moses. Makes-time has-no-time for- a-long give-me it-is necessary I-think you-will and-it-was and you-may-think a-desk the-bell. You-will always have time enough if-you-will but use your time to-advantage. Give to each thing no-time but-that-is necessary. COPYRIGHTED. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 8* 4 ^ 8 V 1_j- f***^ ' _ \ / ............... L / > > I 11 / > ............. S - VOBD-SIGX 1 . / ^ (5^^ ^~i | 12 ..... . ..... ^ ..... ....... - U TBA;;SLATK. 31 _ : J L ^- [9 Vp <^>- / OV vi *n V 3 9 _-^ i v / / I -H> 11 ^ C x: x 3 I 4 J \ WOBD- FORMS. 10 J , 13 SBSTEHCE8. L, J, u v, \ ? ' \ " y J -v XI -P O X 43 AFFIXES. List of affixes : Ing ings gliip lie bit/ ility ality arity self selves full hood soever titre ly. The dot, circle and tick, are used to denote ing, ings and ing-the respectively, in cases where the Btcm'ing cannot conveniently be joined, as in preserving, castings, doing- the, Line 1. The s and sez circles denote self and selves, as in himself, ourselres. Skip is expressed by sh, as in friendship. But in order to avoid unsuitable outlines, sh is someiimcs disjoined, as in lordship, courtship. The endings, ility, nlity, arity, are signified by the de- tachment of any letter 'from the preceding part of the word, as in barbarity, fidelity, instrumentality, Line 2. The terminations, ble,bli/,ful, are often indicated by b and /simply, as in admissible, disgraceful, Ls 3 and 4. Mnt, when written separately from the preceding part of the word, indicates mental, as well as mentality, as in instrumental, Line 2. flood is denoted by d, usually joined, as in womanhood. The ending, soever, is written sv, as in u-hentoei-er, Line 4. Tare is expressed by tr, as in structure, Line 1. KEY TO PLATE. 1. Preserving castings doing-the himself ourselves accountable lordship friendship graceful structure. 2. Fidelity individuality barbarity credulity hospkalitv for- malit\ instrumental legibility. "3. Vastly beastly regular- ity illegibility intellectuality womanhood disgraceful township courtship. 4. Whensoever ostensible citizen- ship engravings fixture manhood childhood admissible yourselves. PIIKA.SKS. 6. Political-principles short-space-of-time as-llttle-as by-which-it-may-be by-which-it-would be for-some-time if-it-is it-is-absolutely-necessary. 6. Let-us-be most-natural must-not-be present-question such-is-not-the-case this-is-aot-the-case thought-we- were to -state. SENTENCES. 1. No sensible-person ever made-an apology. 2. To-love-one that-is great is almost to-be great one's-self. 3. Xo man was ever so-much deceived by another as by himself. 4. Self-trust Is-the essence of heroism. Pate i V* I 1 <=>< I, ^-^ 2 ^, ^\X\ 3 y y xn \ v V7 r^) \ TRANSLATE. . (?) ' S_ T - ^\ I-- ^ _, I r /^^2. /v^.rzr:. J ^ ^x/ c \ t H S.-,- v L LENGTHENING AND SHORTENING. The writing of a curve double its usual length signifies the addition, lirst, of tlir, second, tr, and third, dr. The writer's aim should be to write the lengthened curve more than twice its natural length, rather than less, In order to obviate any liability there may be to confound it with standard letters. For convenience long curves are named fetter, vetter, thetter, metier, etc. These in propor- tion to their length are bent much less than standard stems. To illustrate, metter extends but a trifle further above the line than m. The lengthened mp adds r only, signifying mpr or mbr. Lengthened ny adds kr or gr only. This principle is used to quite an extent In phrasing. Lengthening a curve adds there, their or other. Final ng is sometimes lengthened to add there or their. One of the most useful contrivances in the entire sys- tem is that by which a letter, when shortened to half Its usual length, is made to express an added t or d. Thus, b, when shortened in this manner is read bt, as in bit, or bd as in bed; k when halved, bus the force of kt, as In cut, or kd as in code. T and d are the most frequently re- curring con sonants, and being cognate s, or similar sounds, no ambiguity results from the expression of both by the same contrivance. Learners are cautioned not to write the shortened let- ters more than half the usual, or standard length, else the two will become confounded. The practice of the writer should be rather to foim these brief signs a trifle less than the standard length. To avoid confusion not only must the halved letters not be too long, but those of standard length also should not be too short. Shoriened curves are, In proportion to their length, bent somewhat morn than full lengths; as an illustration it will be seen that mt extends almoi-t as far above the line as m. This practice adds to the angularity of many word-forms. When t or d is followed by a final vowel, It cannot be properly expressed by the 'halving principle; for if it were so indicated.it would be impossible so to place the final vowel that it would be read last. To illustrate t in might, may be expressed by shortened m; but the em- ployment of the stem t in mighty indicates the fact of a following voweL 13 late 47 V> >, N L l * V "^ > s/N/ \ i-% S-' I. ' 9 r %, I \ ^ f -A 48 I s 1 "} ^ (IT) ./.. . I \ _ , X V*/ j> J V x ^x cv U t> \^..^. XV", ^ L. V-l>V-- ( ) TBAMBLATE. Matt. chap. 5. (f \i x S> V J *<*S xt XI z s-l < V-i xtp "X H, . J ) l_.V^x c^ x@ X/ " r Xs K X -/ \^ TRANSLATE. 1 __ Cs-5 S46 -n \\ r ^ r " O N V, 49 p cj? J _.._. x> 6-4- / JI.M] > JLL s ^ T 5 x 50 VOCABULARY. A Anno Domini A hie- to c ^ .(A. 0.) Jl /*~~^ Able-to-gtve-lt * > ^ Annual =1 Antiquarian Abundant UcoinplUh o c Antiqiiit) N- '" *l X. P -^^ AccorUui 3*r \ .-.-...--.. A li\ifl\ 1 1 s * fc J Au} how Accordlii-ti Accurdlng-lo- ,_ ,-^J ,_ Anythin? cv lila-contraet L_ \j \|MtstU' V AccordinK-to- Appear tUe-luslructlon Accuracy ^~) 'n "7 Appearance Appeared ^ Accurate Acknowledge Applied \ Acquiesce \cuuit ) ] _ _ Applv Appoint Appoiute< c ^ i^ Aet-of-congress > Actual / Appointment. Appoints V> ^. <\y| Acute Advantage ~^~ " rr: l~" Appreciate Advantageous Apprehend Advert Ue-liiy 1 1 Ap|)reh After CNy Aristocrat "*\ s "*^\ "^ Afternoon V-~l ^ ^-v--? Arrange \0/\^ q /^ Afterward Article A3 a'^aiu Vy ^^^ As-a-matter-of- ^ O Q^x^**"" ^ Ago J^^ __ fact ^> Aerlculture ^ \ As-fast-as All Allow ,-- As->rreal-a8 As-has P o- O so (" Almlphty Almost Almost-altrajfB inr!2 Ae-hls As-lt Aa-lt-will O ) _.P... Already i . As-ii All-lhe- world Altogether ^_ AtiHociale O Q_s> I/ Atwajra Amanuensis Ainlilguity ^^^ Astonish Astonishment ' Lr Amendment An Analogy- ^ s~>~> / At At-all At-all-eventa i p r 1 1 W- Anil At-ali-lts Autrel ^^^"^^ At-all-tlmes i Anguish. J At-any-rate ; ""r |^_/ VOCABULARY. gj At-flral Call. ^_ At- it n ( ajiip Be \) Certify- 1 Because Become \ " V_ Challe'npe. Cbange-U ^V / / Before / / Beforehand Began' . J, ~i^5- Cliaptetv Character / /c Begin, Be/uu _ Characterize /, Behalf Characterises " ~ " * ^ CliilU" "- Bchlml l!uhul v Children Christian Christianity / ,_r:.....:z... Belong Belonged Beneficial Benevolence Benevolent Be^iot ..!.....!. Y. Christianize Circuit^ Circulate Circulation. Clrcuuuttance Circumstances o ex y^"" Beiiuest.- Beu'eifenot. Collect T'ollect-on-de- liverv!(C.O.l>.) . < H ^ ~"~' ' \ 3 V \S Collector 1 BeMoml }till-of-sale f^ Coni(\. _^__^ liluudvr V^ C A. Coiinnerclal CoiiinioU" Board }!.Mnl-i>f-fra Congratulate Connection'' Conscientious HC2^ Deliberation Delight Delinquent ^J... L Consequence Consequent Consequential 0-0 ^ ^-D Deliver Deliverance Delivery ( $ 'f Consider Consideration 1 Consistent' 1 I $ Demonstration Demoralize Demoralization u U^U^ Consonant, Constautlv Constitution f, -~ s* J Denominate Denomination Deuoiiiinationa! J J J i Constitutlon-of- the-U.-S. Construct Construction. U 1 I Dependent Derivative L L V Constructive _ Derive i c D Continue I U U Describe L Continued' Convenience Descriptloii Descriptive . Co-operate 1 V V^^O N Destiny " . Correct' Determination Correspond- Countenance ' S \ Determine Counterbalance ~^ rt) ^ Develop Development i *L v- ^ ' Courageous Creature Criticise "7 "" HD Did-not Differ J i i CiHlclsrn Cross-examlna- C ^~N. _ _ Diiierent Dltlicult Difficulty i c __ c Cultlvatlon Dlgnitv Cure Danger 7 Disadvantage Disagree i_ > d-- ^o c ' Dark Darken Darjcnesff i . i .. a.... l J j Disappear Disconnect Dishonor <*\ U_^- 4-* DareMiot Day-oMhe- Dc;iL- " Dls-ine'mbe'r-eil Dissatisfaclion Dissatisfy; <^ ^ b p Doctoi* a ^ C IT Dear-sir . December 1 Detendt&V a^ tf-i-tr*/' During) Dwarf Each Each-arc Each-will Each-will-have J7 / 1- V / / f Excellem-L- Excellent Exchange Expect Expected Experience -*"/. East-and-w_est ElBcienf Elaborate \ W/A Explanation Express Expression 9 \3 v) Electricity Eloquence I Exquisite External Embezzle L o ^~D Extiuguish 1 1 ~0 Emphatic- Extraordinary Em phatically Enclosure "~x ^\^^) Eye, Eye-slgitt ^^. 1_. f Endeavor Fact Endless Energy ^i V l W ' Falluce faithful ^/"^ V, Engllsh-lau- I Falsehood V ( gimge Enlarge *^,^, ~r\ "7 Familiar Fear^pl-God Vy^ ^_^ t Enterpriser Equal Equator Especially JJH ) Feature February Fjsllow-cltizen i ^\ t o Essentially Established Establish inent \ L r ) Fellow-creature Few Fewest ^ Estate Finally V^ ^i, 1 Eslimated-cost Estimated- ) V-,3 V. Finance Finish V ^-9 ^ welght 1 First Estimation Kt ra'UTa(etc.) Eternal. 1 1 Five-or-six Follow. For L n o Eulogy Foreign V i i /> En rope ^T-,~.--j/\- ~j^\. v^^ \^/ European y Forever-and- Ever Ever-and-.ever Everlasting ..\^ ever For- instance For-Jt \"l *> 54 VOCABULARY. Forsake For-the-flrst- Handwriting Handy tlme For-the-most- ^ \ ^~*\ Happen , \ o pa \^*^ Happiness For-the-sake-of i 1 >/" i Happy- Forthwith VQ X - X // ^ \ N*/*" ' Hard ..\ .....\... ....... .: Fortunate' ^ \^J> \ \ Hardware Forward \ ( ^"N Has ' Four-or-Jlve V V. X <__ Has-his / ^ Franklin A yt ^"*^~z) J|>r V Ha til Frequent CV. CN. Have I From From-Urst-to- L_, i VY? llavc-had -( - k c- last i Have-It Fuil Fundamental ^ ^. ^ Have-not Hazard 1. v. \ Furniture [/ He Health ^r ^\ Future / Hear c >\ Gave-lt Generation -3 6 Heard Heart ( Genial Gentleman / ^ Heathen Geutlemeu {. (/ Heaven [ Height Give ^^ ~^ - Held I Give-U Given \o /* Help Hence Give-us Glorious c_o c__ Herald f\^s> *) ory Herein Heretofore -^ Good Hesitate \ Good-and-had Govern Government Governor ^ 3. Hesitation He-supposed High .. ^V ( > $1 Great-Britain <"^ < f 1\ Higher /*" Greatcr-than Great-extent /* c_ Highest Highly ^ v) /- Guilt ^^ ^T .-.... " Highway Guilty. Gypsy ^ / Him His \rv o Had* \^ Hls-ls .A - ^i Historian O V^^ V^ Had-lt / History Had-not Half -^ .. \^. r ..-. Hold Hand Hanrt-ln-hand Holiness Holy r / ^/ 1 Handsome ' ^~ ' N-2^ : ^J ^J> ^ ^1, ngenlons Human n-his-descrip- "V- T^ v Hum m-hife tlon ^*~/ >-/ } V n -hi s- estima- Humor Hundred ^ ^_^ tion n-hls-experi- euce ^^ S\ Humble x 1 \ n-his-expres- t> \> /* V^ slon I /^~^"^" f In-his-llle ,^ I-am-wilOng Idea 1 n-lils-secret n-his-usual o~ y v_c/ IMt Initial If-vou-'wlsh .Illegible-' Imagine *~ v^\_y s- n-order-that n-order-to In-point-of-facl ^ ^ v 'N Imaginable . ^ 'nquest ~c~ ^_^t 1-ma) -be-there / j ^) :n-rt'gard-t<> **-* "~\ ~/ S In-reply-to Imbecile \ Immediately Importance /- "^ [n-response-to u-seemlng . . COT, s**^-v ^ ^ insignificance Important Impossibility Impossible ^ <~ -* Insignificant In-some Instruction *-** ^ I improve-d Instructive Improvement In ^ In-supposing Intellect * U ^^Q_^- ^- Inaccurate In-as-many lucUuatiou Income ^r^^> Intelligence Intelligent Intelligible Intent y y y -v In-thls-clty Intimacy ^ p l-v. r ^ 56 VOCABULARY. Invention ^ ^ , -^. Just^'hat Investigate V> W VrH KnoM'K'djje -j f Investigation VJ ^ ^ Ladles-aiMl- geutlemen ' J Iowa Irregular VX *v "X Landlord S~*^j Irresistible ***^ B O Language *^N ^^^ ' */ jj Languish Is t Is-as o O O \ Large Is-his Larger f 9 ? .,........................-._. Larger-than ~"/" y-^-- Is-lt Island ) v p Largest s*6[ Is-said 1 Last-mall / s^"* Is-sald-to-Uave Is-seen "o o"" /O Laws-of-llfe st\~r\ Is-such \Ls f^ Lawyer Legiule-y t^7 Issue It-had Libertv Llberty-of-thc- \ \ V It-uad-not i people \. Nrt ^ f j LII)erty-of-the- \ It-Is simply press It-is-something | 1 1 Lord -Jesus- /^7 S\ / o It-is-sumcient M^^ /*i\^^y r\ ] Christ * i ^O / \r J Loves-us It-onght ^-^ Luxurious It-ought-not It-oiight-to- have-had 1 J L Magazine Magnanimous ^__ ^__^ Maintain Its It-will It- will-have L f C Majestic Majesty 7- 7 DL Majority It-will have-had lt-will-uot Malpractice ^^\ ^*^-*^ It-would p 1 ....__. Man ^^^ f Manager It-would-hare- had Manner It-would-not January "U 7 Manuscript Marshall <-"~*-^rJ Jesus-Christ Joint-committee Journal Mav-as-well Mav-be May-not ^C* ^ Joyous Junior . / / ^ Measure Medium Member ... } ..^:.....\ Juat-ae-much-aa J UMt-as- well-as* J J J Meraber-ol-tlip- bar Member of-the- Just- been / L* \ Leglslature ^\ o t> O Mempranduia * Just-bad Juatlce-of-the- Men ' I'eaee Merciful ........ C* ^ C Jut-gy-o Mercy/ VOCABULARY. 57 Jf erp / s ^-v. - > N>w-York-City Messenger Method Methodical-lv Million Minimum Minlater-cd Ministerial y ( Next Next-time Non-appear- ance Nun-conductor Nor North p ^y 1^ ^"h '~i <= ~~* ^o Ministry ^^ /Oy^~V^ /O Kortli-Amerlr* ^*f^ <^"*v *^(/ ^+^_^S f ^Sv/y....... North-eastern v *S Minority Mistake -0 North-west Monarch ^C\ Norih-westcrn NotH'ithstund- t ~~^\ c- ^y ~^l> Monthly-report 1 ing More More-or-lcss / ~^V / Vc-~> w^ Novc-iiibcr Now V-T_ Number ^^"^ V *\ ^\- Morc-than Murtjtajte UMtrlmportanl Most-likely ^--^ Numerfius- NlllSlH-ll Obedience J Mostly C "N Mr. * Much ^^"-^ - Obey Ot>iect Objection \ \ \> Much-are Miu-h--Q xni Ou i n Opuortuuitv 9* <\ ta J'w-Hamp- vL-- ^ ^^^ ^7^ Organize o /^> ^ hlre ~"^ Oniamental ' ....._,. Ncxw York b Or-uot 58 VOCABULARY. Other Ought Ought-to-have ' I 'ractlce 'redominate 'rincipal-ly *7 N Our-instruc- tions Principle 'rohability Onrown ""% """\ """N* 'robable \ ^*v ^V Ourselves i\ 0"* "" " o " \ \ 1 "roblem \ \ Over and-over- CX ^ \s~'~* t * 'rofessor r\ 1 Cv again *x ^f Proficiency >v ^\ \ Overwhelm ^1 ~**~^ "* \ i s{ y\ Own "^"3 ^i^__^^ \ f .*r X^/ ) "> Proficient *^ / Owner - \/\^\ Profit V*\> "X Paragraph Pronounce < p Parlor ^-^ Part Partake Particular <\ Proper Property Prophet \ \ _ Particularly f 6 v v_^/ -4- \ V I Punishment \ \ People People-of-God Perfection \ \_ ^L Quantity Quulitication Question Perform Perhaps Personal VAA ^ Questionable Quick _j \ Quiet \ Phenomenon Philosopher X3 Quite Railing ~] Philosophy ^^+^-**^_3 v v .... c/ >w X Railroad Phonographic Phonography V 11 Railway Railway-car /| Pleasure Vj" \o s /jf (^/ j // \ Ransom Political Rather / /> Popular Rather-than s^ / / Postage-stamp / / / Real Postal-card Posterity Postmark V~\W~ Kcal estate Reality c/c/c/l P, Recollect Post-master .A Recollection Post-office . \ \. \x - t> ^O Recommend f / / Postal-service o^b ^ \ / / )/*** V^ Recommenda Poverty tion f - Practicable \. ^V ^\ Reconsider ,^C- /^ / Practical Record ^ VOCABULAST. 59 Reduction XI Seinsli Reference Reflection /b / /v_ Senior Sensation q Q_^x _ / I o e, Reform * Reformation Sentence Regular /^- X^o/ Sentiment Set-forth Q>N_P <^-s C Regularity KeguUtv Set-off Regulation / I /~~}/~~> Seveii-or-clght Several ..L ^1 ^ Relatlng-to-the- Shall sutijert Reliable (A G^t/^ Shalt Shelf J j cA. \ Religion R. liglous Rely \ Respectability \ Some-one 1 Respectable Responsible Something Sometime \ '^ C ' X (T~ti > ^<5k> Self -os teem Stenographic 60 VOCABULARY. Stenography StenoKraphlC- There Therefore ") soclety ^-* / ^S~/ 0+j^ There-would- / / Stumble not ^ -y Subject Subjective Subsequent \o o \> V-3 They They-are They-are-not ( 9 D Such-are Thev-wlll p f / Such-are-not Such-a-one /*..* Thls'-U Thls-has-never \ Q* Such have Surli-have-had Siu-h-oujrht-to- have /! / Thls-svstem Thls-wlll Those fc / t - 1--N ( <> Such-ought-to- hv-hd * Thou Though ( "^\ Barb-were Such-wcre-not * i? Three-or four ^ 1 Such-will Such-would ' /* ^j Throughout Thus .. / r Sufficient /o Till 5 ^ Tlll-it Suggestion Suppress Supremacy ^ %> V. To To-be f ^ -\ Surprise Suspension Systematic / \ Q P \j o 1^- To-become Together Told \_ p Takes-us Tavern Tedious 1 D Irv. Too Toward Towards v 1 1, Telegram Tell Tell-lt P P 1 ^~N I P To-wlt Transcript Treacherous > O "V \y 1 / Tell-us Temperament Temperance O ^~^i r-+i True Trv-to-have Tuition .1) 1.. J Temperate Temporal Tendency t^ ^t/- 1 -^ Twelve Twist Two C, c b \ Termination Territory Testament Wp V k Two-or-three Unconcern Under 9 % ''i > Testimony Thank 1 ( Undergone Uniform ^-r> V That r"* >< Union l~I"~* > That-b-to-say * The / Unite United-States __-^1 v^ t 1 Them Unity VOCABl'LART. 61 Universal When-it Universe cxx~ cv rs Whensoever ^-^ ^*^. / University 1 Where ^" ^ Unless I 1 u practiced Unquestionable ^ Wheresoever Wherewith Whether ^ t o peU-to \Tltli-wliom Witness Woimin Women Word WorU-of-GoU Worker World Would Ye Year- Yearly Yesterday Yet You Against Efficacy Terfect Mystery Manufacture Manufactory Right-hand Signify Youre-very-truly "irx Young Youngest Your Yonr-favor Yourself Yourselves Your-statement Yonrs-trnly Youth APPENDIX. >\ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. JL 2 7 1961 in L9-om-5,' A """"""in mil IIIIIIIIHII 000 583 837 Z56 3sh