Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES ORIGIN OF THE GEEEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC BOOTS ORIGIN OF THE Greek, Latin, and Gothic Roots BY JAMES BYRNE, M.A. DEAN OF CLONFERT EX-FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN AUTHOR OF "GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE" SECOND EDITION LONDON KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER, & CO. L» PATERNOSTER HOUSE, CHARING CROSS ROAD lS93 The rights of translation and of reproduction are rcscrrcd. ? 5RLF CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. PACK 1 § 1. Aim of scientific etymology § 2. Laws of production of roots, of change in their form, and of change in their meaning; consequence of ignoring the first ......... 1 § 3. Abundant variety of Sanskrit roots, and often of meanings belonging to the same root ...... 3 § 4. Abundant expression of the finest shades of meaning in the Indo-European roots ...... 3 § 5. Every root originally expressed a principal element in the very object of thought ...... 4 § 6. Such expression must have engendered great habits of analysis ......... 5 § 7. Variety of meanings attached to the same root . . 5 $ 8. The points of correspondence of the utterance with the meaning were in the consonants rather .than in the vowels ......... 6 § 9. Analysis of the utterance of a consonant into seven parts or phases ; the natural expressiveness of these phases . 7 § 10. The varieties of natural expressiveness of the various orders of letters ........ 9 §11. Groups of words from the same root, groups of roots in- volving the same significant element of expression . 1 2 § 12. These elements of expression denoted elements of thought actually present in the very idea to be expressed . . 12 114 1G VI CONTENTS. PAGE 13 § 13. They were inventions of utterance used to denote parti- cular parts of particular objects of thought, and after- wards applied to other particulars, not as identical with the former, but only as sufficiently similar to suggest the same expression ........ § 14. Distinguished from the roots, and proposed to be called the grounds of the roots . . . • • .14 $ 15. Roots to be reduced to their grounds, rather than iden- tified with other roots supposed to be prior to them; and the primitive particularity of thought to be taken as a fundamental principle of etymology . . .15 §16. Criticism of the best etymology of the present day . 16 § 17. Proposed effort to ascend from roots to grounds, and from grounds to the origin of expression in the phase of utterance . . . . . . . • .21 § 18. Roots which involve a more concrete act of imitation; and roots of interjectional origin . .... 22 CHAPTER I. Grounds of the first phase of utterance, Avhose expressiveness is in the closure of the organs ..... 23 CHAPTER IT. Grounds of the second phase of utterance, whose expressiveness is in the bend or concavity which is formed by the closure of the organ, as when the closed lips shut the hollow of the mouth, or when the tongue is applied in one part to the palate, while the adjacent parts of it are separate from the palate . . . . .47 CHAPTER III. Grounds of the third phase of utterance, whose expressiveness lay in the closure being made with the organ, whether tongue or lips, in a relaxed condition .... 85 CONTENTS. vi 1 CHAPTER IV T PAGE Grounds of the fourth phase of utterance, whose expressiveness is in the parting of the organs after closure . . . 104 CHAPTER V. Grounds of the fifth phase of utterance, whose expressiveness is in the current of breath through the orirans . .114 CHAPTER VI Grounds of the sixth phase of utterance, whose expressiveness lay in the first breaking of the breath through the organs, or in the pressure of the breath on the organs . 13. CHAPTER VII. Grounds of the seventh phase of utterance, whose expressiveness lay in the friction of the organs by the breath, and their penetration as the breath passed through . . . 200 CHAPTER VIII. Grounds in which the actions and affections of the breath in utterance express the spirit of man and its actions and affections as represented in his breath of life, as well as other similar actions and affections, both physical and mental, or in which they express the thought of the breath itself, or of its action in smelling, or the thought of air, vapour, odour ....... 22" CHAPTER IX. Grounds expressive of various sounds or of hearing . . . 238 Vlll CONTENTS. CHAPTER X. PAGE Grounds which imitate actions of the mouth or throat, or denote the organs of the mouth by the actions which they per- form, or which express sensations of taste by imitating the act of tasting ....... 254 'o CHAPTER XI. Koots of interjectional origin, the interjections taking suffixes of a verbal or nominal nature to embudy them in fact or thing ......... 262 Groups of roots involve various grounds and various meanings 263 CHAPTER XII. On the formative elements in Greek and Latin words . . 265 Index . . -. . . . . . . . .271 The transliteration of Sanskrit in this hook is the same as that which the author has used in his "General Principles of the Structure of Language," the aspirates being distinguished by ', the palatals by ', the cerebrals by . , n being equivalent to ng, s to sh, and the r-vowels represented by ri and ri. Table of the regular correspondences of the letters in Sanskrit, Greek, Latin, and Gothic, according to Curtius, " Griindzuge der Grie- chischen Etym ologie. " Sanskrit. Greek. Latin. Gothic. a a, e, o a, e, o, i, u a, i, u, ai, au (1 a, n, U a, ?, o e, u i 7 i, e i, ai i J i ei u V 11, u, au u V u u? e ai, €i, oi ai, e, oi, ce, on, i, u ai ai V, % V 5 u.v, eu, initial/, in middle b b n, n y( K )> y(y)> y(x) n n u, n ^ n n m (t> VI m r > r r I X I I y e J y s, s s, r s, z V F V V Grassmann, in Kuhn's " Zeitschrift," xii. 110, explains many apparent irregularities by supposing in the original language roots with initial and final medial aspirates which subsequently were not permitted, but one of them, generally the initial, was deprived of its aspiration, the medial aspirates when initial having previously been changed into tenuis aspirates, except as in Greek before r and /, afterwards also when final, and in Latin an aspirate in the middle of a word being changed to a medial. ORIGIN OF GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. INTRODUCTION. 8 1. Etymology seeks to ascend to the origin of words. Its object is, as far as possible, to account for them. It takes these most wonderful of productions, which are half matter and half mind, and strives to find out how they came into existence, and how they attained their present form and use ; or, if this be impossible, at least to trace back their development to the sim- plest elements to which they can with any degree of certainty be reduced. Now, if etymology is to attain any degree of certainty, it must be scientific ; that is, it must be governed by well- established general principles. For science is the knowledge of general principles or natural laws ; and etymological study, in order to have any real value, must aim alwavs at the dis- covery and application of the laws of the production and sub- sequent alteration of words. There are three sets of laws concerned in the history of words — the laws of their original production ; the laws of their subsequent change in utterance or form ; and the laws of their subsequent change in meaning. And so far only as these laws are ascertained can a science of etymology be said to exist, or any particular process of etymo- logy be regarded as quite secure. 8 2. Of the three sets of laws above mentioned, the second only have been investigated with any considerable success ; and the light and guidance which their investigation has given 2 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHRJ ROOTS. to etymology suggests what might be expected from any similar success in ascertaining the other two. Grimm's ach original roots by identification, but also to reach modes of pi'oduction of roots through the groups of roots, like, but not identical, which issued from them. Such abundant variety of expression is just what we find in the Indo-European languages, and especially in the most ori- 1 Curtlus, Grund/.ugu der Griecbischen Etymologic, p. 93. INTRODUCTION'. 3 ginal of them, Sanskrit. For Sanskrit is that member of the family whose formations have the most archaic character, in which the elements retain most of their original fulness of form, and in which we can best see how ideas were originally expressed in Indo-European speech. And the freedom with which roots were varied in Sanskrit with scarcely any differ- ence of meaning is a proof that if we are to take them as they came into being, they must be classed in groups not limited by identity of form, but admitting considerable variation in the invention of utterance from which they all sprang. § 3. There are two peculiarities which may be observed in the Sanskrit lexicon, and which are full of instruction. One is the number of different roots which are to be found express- ing ideas between which only the very finest differences exist ; the other is the number of meanings widelv different from each other which are to be found belonging to the same root. The former indicates great abundance of expression ; the latter seems to indicate great poverty of expression. There must be some misconception where there is so great an apparent contradiction, and it is therefore worth while to look closely into each fact in order to see how it is. § 4. It is not only in Sanskrit that we find groups of roots, slightly different from each other, expressing the same, or nearly the same ideas. Curtius discusses them as thev are found in Greek ; for example, ru, oXeK'ev oX'Xv/Ul, 7TT)'lCrO-00 (lTT}]K'lw) 7TTWT(T10 (iTTdiK' L(o) KaTU'7rT))'T}]l', epvK'co epv'w, avT'/JLijv ut'/xi'i a'vco arj'fii, ecryeQ'ov karyjov, TeXeO'ce reXe'co, kvi)Qu> kvwui, /3r/3a, Telv'M Tupu'juai raw-. He regards the added elements in such variations of the root neither as components nor as suffixes, but as additional ingredients in the root, which give it a more determinate significance ; and he calls them root-determina- tives. 1 Professor Max Midler instances in Sanskrit tud, tup, tubh, lupli, tiuj. twr, turv, to strike ; tur, to hurt ; tuh, to vex.' And Bopp throughout his Sanskrit Glossary gives series of roots with similar meanings, as may be found under gark', minari, 1 Curtius, p. 62-71. - Lectures on the Science of Language, i. p. 305. 4 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. whose meaning is expressed also by k'ark', g'ark', g'ark'' , (/'ark", g' arg'\ g'arg', gfarg'', g'arts, ti arts, garg ', targ ; g'as, lasdere = g'as, g'' as, g'us, g'us, kas, k as, k'as; mug', abster- ge re = mun'g, mrig', mag'g', viarg', mark' ; sak', sequi = sa^'k', sap, sank', sek, sang', sag'g' ; and any number of others. But not only are roots thus freely diversified to express similar or kindred meanings, but also roots whollv unlike each other are used with significations between which it is hard to draw distinctions, the differences are so fine. Thus, as Curtius observes, there is in the Indo-European languages quite a mul- titude of roots, all meaning to go, and yet without the smallest phonetic connection with each other. That there are fine shades of difference distinguishing their original meanings is highly probable, and may indeed in many instances be observed. Thus, Curtius remarks that in the Homeric use of the roots £ and (3a, there is a consciousness of difference, or they would not be used together in such expressions as (3do-K 'i6i, (3f] levai. And he distinguishes as follows between six roots for seeing : C CD skav, sight dwelling on its object ; spalc, sight spying its object ; ak, sight with a penetrating glance ; vid, sight discovering its object ; dark, sight with clearness ; var, sight with heedful care, besides which there are the roots of Xevcrcra), /3Ae7r and t are mutes, nut 1 Griech. Etyni., \\ ?3. introduction. 7 even sonant. And yet the significance of the root is mainly in p and t, the a being the general vowel, which is felt as being so little distinctive of the meaning that it is omitted in the Sanskrit writing. It must be, therefore, in some points of correspondence with the meaning which the consonants have rather than tin* vowels that the meaning is connected with the utterance. § 9. There are three factors in speech — the voice, the breath in the mouth, and the muscular action of the tongue and lips. The first is principally in the vowels, the two last principally in the consonants. And if the consonant is the more expres- sive element, then the expressiveness is principally in the two latter factors, and in these the connections between thought and utterance are to be looked for. The actions which are performed in the mouth of the speaker were originally sug- gested to the hearer from his own experience of speaking, when he distinguished bv his ear the elements of the word, its sound, and its interruptions of sound ; and it must have been thus indirectly that the sound became expressive of the sense. The utterance of a consonant involves an application more or less close of the tongue to some part of the palate or to the teeth, of the lips to each other, or of the under-lip to the upper teeth, an opening of that closure, and the passage of a jet of breath ; and attention may fix either on the closure or on the breath, or on the mutual action of the two. Now in these three there are seven distinct parts which may separately attract notice, and which are suggestive of classes of objects of thought. In the closure, there is first the closure itself, sug- gestive of ideas of contact, as junction, application, coincidence, position, what occupies place, &c. ; secondly, the concavity formed by the closure of the organ, either when the lips enclose the concavity of the mouth, or when the tongue, applied to a part of the palate, forms a concavity with the remainder of it behind the closure, this concavity being sug- gestive of enclosure, of flexure, of curvature, Arc. ; there is, thirdly, a sense of relaxation if the tongue or lips be applied in a relaxed condition, and this will be suggestive of softness, of weakness, of lassitude, &c. ; there is, fourthly, the end of the closure, or its opening, suggestive of separation, of parti- tion, of interval, &c. In the current of breath there is, fifthly, 8 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. a suco-estion of motion which may be variously modified by the tongue and lips as they give it passage or direction. In the pressnre of the breath on the organ, or its first breaking through the partial closure of the organ, there is, sixthly, a suggestion of impact, of tension, of force, of outburst, of orowth, of increase, &c. In the friction of the breath on the organ as it passes, there is, seventhly, a suggestion of roughness, of smoothness, of penetration, of tearing, of attri- tion, &c. There are thus under each consonant seven different points of correspondence with seven different groups of the elements of thought ; and the latter may be attached respec- tively to the former, suggesting them and being suggested by them. It is not here assumed that such has been in fact the con- nection between thought and utterance. It is only asserted that utterance does in fact involve such parts, and that these parts do in fact furnish such resemblances to the elements of thouo-ht which have been mentioned as might well connect them with the latter in mutual suggestion. For the effort to represent in utterance a contact, a concavity, a relaxation, a separation, a motion, a pressure or a friction, would necessarily and immediately suggest each of these respectively made in the mouth and emphasised in the utterance to draw the hearer's attention to it, and when perceived by him would necessarily and immediately suggest to him the corresponding element of thought. Whether words did originate in this way can be ascertained only by such a careful study of them as will find for each the true fundamental meaning which' actually under- lies its various uses, and by seeing whether, when they art- classed together by similarity of phonetic elements and of fundamental meaning, the groups do in fact express such common elements of meaning as belong to the parts into which utterance has been analysed. For the purpose of such an investigation these parts may fitly be distinguished by numbers according to the above division, so that, for example, p v p 2 , p y ]> r /> ,, y,, p v are all different elements of expression, and would be uttered some- what differently if attention were strongly fixed on the par- ticular part or phase of the utterance which the number refers to. INTRODUCTION. 9 Prior to such an investigation, which forms the subject of this book, it may be observed in support of the hypothesis, that if the connections of thought and utterance, on which expressive- ness depends, are to be found, as has been said above, in the actions of the mouth, it must be in these seven phases of utter- ance that they are furnished, for these comprise the whole operation. And it is to be noted that these differ from each other in what they express much more than any one of them in one letter does from the same in another letter ; so that while the same combination of letters might have widely different meanings because taken in different phases of utter- ance, different combinations of letters might have meanings only slightly varied because taken in the same phase. If the phases of utterance noted in the root were distinguished by numbers under the letters, then it would be found that simi- larity of meaning depended on the similarity of the numbers rather than of the letters, and all the anomalies which appear so puzzling would disappear. It would then become apparent that, on the supposition indicated by such notation, there is no such poverty of expres- sion in Indo-European speech as would be implied in the use of one root to express several meanings quite different from each other ; for what now seems to be one root would then be seen to be several, each widely different meaning being connected with a different element of expression ; and in the changes of letter, with onlv slight change of meaning, it would be seen that, in general, while the letter changed, the number remained the same. ^ 10. The difference of letters, however, must have supplied further necessary varieties of expressiveness, otherwise the various orders of letters would not have been developed to distinguish different words ; and it is only when these dis- tinct shades of meaning have been ascertained that the laws of the production of roots can be established in their totality. This, as well as the laws of change of meaning, is work for the future. Here only some general observations can be made on the natural expressiveness of the different orders of letters ; and even these observations are to be regarded mainlv as hypotheses to suggest future inquiry. In such inquiry, more- 1 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. over, it must be remembered that before the languages of the Indo-European family had attained the form in which they are now known, different habits of speech had already produced different changes in their original utterance, or different pre- ferences in selecting from the varieties of roots originally pro- duced, so that, for example, a guttural in one language may correspond to a labial in another, / in one to r in another, s in one to r in another. And such varieties, produced by mere phonetic habit, could not have taken place if the distinctive expressiveness of the corresponding letters had not been lost sight of. We cannot, therefore, expect always to find in the roots as they now appear in the languages the full expressive- ness which may originally have belonged to the different orders of letters as distin guished from one another. This can be found only when we have the roots in their original forms ; and when this is not the case, we can get no further towards the original expressiveness out of which they sprang than those larger elements of meaning which they drew from the phase of utterance to which they belonged. In some cases, however, or in many, we may have, or we may recover, the original forms of the roots, so as to study even now the distinctive expres- siveness of the letters ; and for such an incipient study of the actual genesis of language the following considerations, which have been suggested in the course of etymological investiga- tion, may possibly be useful. Taking first the three great divisions of guttural, dental, and labial, we may observe physical differences in the organs they belong to, which tend to diversify their expressiveness in the several parts or phases of their utterance. The point of the tongue is so mobile, and its action can be directed with such precision, that the dental utterance which is performed with it has a definiteness of expressiveness which does not belong to the other organs. The root of the tongue is so close to the soft part of the palate, and the saliva is so viscous there, that the guttural is specially fitted to express, in the first phase of its utterance, junction or adherence; in the fourth, strong separation; in the sixth, a breaking forth of growth or increase ; and in the seventh, rough friction; while in the second, its closure of the back of the mouth is specially suggestive of concavity, if it be INTRODUCTION. 11 connected with an anterior closure, whether of the lips or of the point of the tongue, which completes the closed hollow ; and in the fifth, the jet of breath is so deep that it may suggest movement in its source. The lips have less muscular power than the tongue, and they are therefore specially fitted to express in the first phase of their utterance simple apposition, without force or junction, especially a double, being themselves a pair ; and in the fourth, simple separation. In the sixth, as they swell out with the pressure of the breath, they express vividly the swelling of out- growth or increase; in the seventh, finer attrition or penetra- tion ; while in the second, they are specially fitted to express enclosure, as they shut the mouth ; and in the fifth, their want of force may give to the breath which passes a sense of move- ment weakly directed. No doubt there are also fine differ- ences of expressiveness between the tenuis, the medial, and the aspirate, but they are generally too fine for any attempt to distinguish them at present. And accordingly, under the expressiveness of the tenuis I shall include in the classification of roots that of the medial and the aspirate also. The vibratiles give a sense of flexibility or mobility in all the phases of their utterance, r being more strongly suggestive than I both of flexibility and of successive changes of move- ment or of resistance. The nasals, by the quiescence of the lips or tongue and the unimpeded passage of the breath through the nose, are fitted to express continuousness of state or process, the passage of the breath being- su to cut > to be sliar P- and cWp, tear, from Skr. d&x'> to kite. In the latter deriva- 20 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. tion, indeed, all the authorities agree, some of them thinking that dakru was the original form, and that the other came from it by dropping d ; while lacrima, lacruma, came from it by changing d into I and adding ma. The explanation of this derivation is that as a^ is used in Lat. acidus to express sour, bitter (bite), so ay^rv, meant originally a bitter tear, and similarly Sdicpv a biting tear. 1 But should not the word tear be left out of the explanation, and should it not rather be said that the idea of tear was expressed as the sharp, the bitter, or the biting ? Now is there such an element at all in the idea of a tear ? No doubt sharp- ness may be recognised in sourness and biting in bitterness, and these may be attributed metaphorically to sorrow. But to suppose that when a speaker wanted to awaken in the mind of a hearer the thought of a tear, he sent the latter to look for his meaning through sharp and biting things, is totally to mis- conceive the nature of primitive expression and the marvel- lous skill which it exhibits. Such large classes of objects were absent from the thought of the speaker. If they could be suggested to the hearer, they would only lead his mind away from the present object. It was some principal element in the very idea of a tear that the speaker must have represented in expression ; and that representation, or one like it, had doubt- less been used for like elements in other ideas, or, having been invented for a tear, would doubtless be used, perhaps with some variation, for like elements afterwards. The etymologist, therefore, having conceived clearly the very idea for which the word was in fact used, must look out amongst other words for principal elements of meaning like to what is really a principal element in that idea, and which have got like expression. And if such be found, the comparison will reveal them as identical or kindred grounds of the series of roots, and will determine the ground meaning of the roots. Now such a series can be found for a%'ru. Skr. a^'rv, lacrima ; asrit, lacrima ; o.sra, lacrima, sanguis ; asrig', sanguis ; asan, sanguis ; tfru, fluere ; sric, fluere ; sri, ire ; srig', efftra- dere ; snu, fluere stillare. The verbal roots are strengthened in the concrete substan- tives on account of the vividness with which they are conceived 1 Max Miiller in Nineteenth Century, October 1885, p. G'-OJ. INTRODUCTION. 21 in the substantive objects ; and doubtless a- strengthens them with a significance such as it has in the Lat. a-qua and Goth. a-hva, river. Now SaKpv cannot be separated from ay^ru ; for Skr. y generally corresponds to k in Greek. But there is no proof that ay^ru had originally an initial d, and this is an assumption which Curtius declines to make. He prefers to derive each from its own root, ay, to be sharp, and dale, to bite. Treating Sdicpv then by itself, and deriving it from yru, fluere, we should say that it strengthened this root with another and stronger element than a-. The Sanskrit root o day means not only mordere, but also videre ; and akin to it in the latter sense is driy, videre, and driy, oculus. What can be more natural than to suppose that day in its second meaning instead of its first, and denoting, like driy, the eye, is in SaKpv, the two k's coalescing into one, and the nasalisa- tion being dropped, as it is supposed to be in day, mordere ? Though a tear does not bite, it trickles from the eye ; and the first effort to denote it would naturally be helped by the gesture of pointing to the eye, which would itself suggest an element denoting the eye. The Latins might have changed d into I, or lacrima might have taken the kindred root Skr. laics, videre. But in either case the addition of ma confirms the view that the second syllable is radical ; for otherwise there is an accumulation of suffix upon suffix which in really primitive words is quite unnatural. The primitive speakers, in their effort to. impart the present idea, thought its principal elements too strongly to suffer such weakness in the radical part of their words as the current etymology often gives them. § 17. Enough has been said to illustrate the principles of the method which is followed in this book. That method is, first, to ascertain the radical meanings of words from their actual uses ; secondly, to range together those whose radical meanings, thus determined, have like elements of thought expressed by like elements of utterance, the likeness of the latter being estimated according to phonetic laws ; thirdly, to classify these bundles according to the phases of utterance within which their meanings come if they are found to belong to these. 22 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. More briefly, the effort is to ascend from roots to grounds, and from grounds to the origin of expression in the phase of utterance. The two guides of etymology are the meaning and the phonetic elements, and both must be followed with equal care. The radical meaning must be sought as the common source of the various actual meanings of the root in its various applica- tions, and its ground meaning in the element of thought which its ground is found to express in the roots into which it enters. And if this can be found, it give3 an element of expression of a peculiarly original character, for the greater the number of roots into which a ground enters, the more likely it is to have retained its original meanings, as its significance would be less affected by any changes of meaning which particular roots might have suffered. § 18. Besides the roots which are formed by picking out a line abstract element of thought from an idea, and connecting it with a fine abstract element of an act of utterance, there are also roots of a less abstract nature which express their meaning in a more concrete fashion. There are interjectional roots, formed from the interjectional utterances by which nature gives an outlet to various strong feelings ; and there are what might be called imitative roots, were it not that every root is imitative, but what may be called concrete roots, as they strive to represent in its concrete char- acter a sound or hearing, or an action of breath, or air, or an action of the mouth, or a mental state, as a movement of the spirit of man, thought as the breath of life in his nostrils and his mouth. In the following classification of the Indo-European roots which are to be found in Greek, Latin, and Gothic, these two classes will be taken last, and the others in chapters according to the phase of utterance to which they belong, so that the number of the chapter and of the phase of utterance shall be the same. The meanings of Sanskrit words when given in Latin are taken from Bopp's Glossary ; when given in English, they are translations of the Petersburg Dictionarv bv Bohtlingk and Roth. CHAPTER I. GROUNDS OF THE FIRST PHASE OF UTTERANCE, WHOSE EXPRESSIVE- NESS IS IN THE CLOSURE OF THE ORGANS. § 1. t v f\!/ v s v t 1 )\, r v n p position, expressed by putting the tongue in a, place on or near the palate. Skr. d'a, ponere, d'd'tri, creator; riOty/si, to place; Oe'jua, Oe-o-'/uos, reQ-fxog, Oi'jun^, the settled; Oe'iue-pos, sedate; Oe-fxefXov, Oe-jue-OXov, foundation; Oe'yue-Aio?, of the foundation ; Qifa-avpos, treasure (ii. 23). Skr. d'aman, homestead, law, regulation, habit, condition, fashion, form (settled), effect, faculty (reali- sation) ; O/y/uLow, 6co-/u.6s, heap (things put in a place) ; Goth. ga'deds, realisation (being put); filwdei'sei, cunning (much disposition, vi. 15). Suffixes of place: -6a, -6i, -6e, -6ev (see Goth, yains, § 5); Goth, tka'd'ei, where (tha, dem. § 3 ; -d, suff. of place, -ei, relative, § 5). Lat. do, to put ; abdo, condo, &c, credo (vi. 4). Lat. ad; Goth. Eng. at; Goth, du ; Eng. to; Lat. atque = ad'que, ac an abbreviation. Suffixes of place: Lat. inde, unde, in- and un- being pro- nouns like hin(c), in the same case as -Qev, pro'in'de ; Lat. en'do, vivdu, ante'd, anti'd, ajp'wd, posH'd, prwd-, pwd-, jpro'- d'vus, farther on (-ius comparative) ; -Se, place as object to which; aXAv&s, else whither; a/u-v8t$, together, ? adverbial (§ 9). Skr. pra'ti, irpo'ri, towards. Skr. -tya, suffix of position ; -o-e, aX\o- 'X 01 ' "X'?' cases °f P^ce ; /or^o?, /af-y^o?, whither (<^o Zoa). Lat. con'Jfcvges, places where all winds blow; con'Jiwgcs, where streams flow to. § 2. The nominal formative suffixes which are used with nominal, pronominal, prepositional, or adverbial bases, very often express connection or coincidence, the formation denoting what is connected or coincident wdth the base. Old cases of nominal stems are used adverbially. The accusative defines an action by limiting it, and a kindred ending gives limiting definition as an adverb. -stiin-. -tim- (e.g. finvtinrus, bordering; soli'stimus, on the ground), are accusatives of the locative suffixes, sti, ti, which are themselves in 7rpo/u.vi]'oi placed one before another (-TrpoiAvos) ; media' strmcs, a drudge (in the middle, ready for everything) ; claivdcsti'iius, in'te'stl'nus, foetwtrna, a stinking place. ^ 3. t v s v v v -demonstration, expressed by more or less close, more or less distinct, approach to one organ by another ; for pointing out is an effort of approach. sec. 5.] GROUNDS OF THE FIRST PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 25 Skr. sas ta, 6 to': oS't'os, t- ; Goth, sa 6, thata, neut. ; Goth. Eng. th-\ Old Lat. sos = cos. o-Qlfiepov), r(i)fi€pov), to- day ; cr(JiTe}6ev, Sijra, Se more definite than fxev, from which it distinguishes ; Se, auxiliary demonstr. (oSe) ; Tj emphasises by itself, and subjoined as in rlrj, oto'i, &c. Indefinites or interrogatives, Ko'iog, tto'ios, k'W, 7r&>9, kw> 7TW, TTOl, TTO'dl, ITO'dey, 7TOV, Kl}, TtT], KO'Tep'O?, TTO'Tep'O?. Lat. -piam (indefinite with adverbial -am, § 2); Skr. has, who? kim- ? (m gives more indefiniteness). Indefinite hypothetical demonstratives of fact, Kev, ice, av (v gives subjectivity, from the breath of life in the nostrils). Indefinite demonstratives, Sels (Sevq), Seiva, n? (rivi) one; t/j, wlio ? era, Dor. for rivd (ria, rya, era). Proximate demonstratives. Skr. i'd'am, hie ; iyam, hsec ; iti, sic; i'tara, alius (i with transition, vi. 9) ; Lat. itennn, again ; ISe, and ; Goth, is, he ; Lat. is, i'ste, i'ta (perhaps the instru- mental case), i"psc (ix. 5) ; Lat. jam, accusative adverb (§ 2) of the proximate demonstrative. irnmo = rsmo (§ 32) ; \va seems to be instrumental of \. Sev-po, Sev're, Sevpl, rv'iSe Dor. hither ; Goth, hi'ri, come here; v and the labials express juxtaposition or coincidence (Introduction, § 10). Skr. eva, sic ; evam, sic (ace. § 2). eu-re, when (time coin- cident, vi. 57). sec. 5.] GROUNDS OF THE FIRST PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 27 Skr. vai, quidem, vero, sane, si (juxtaposition of a fact) ; Osk. svai ; Lat. si; el; Goth, ibai, niim, si; ycibai, if; Skr. svit, interrogative particle. Lat. -pte, -pote, -pe, demonstrative of the contiguous, intro- ducing what immediately follows. Skr. yacli, si, nam, demonstrative of the proximate. Skr. yas, who (y expresses close reference to the antecedent) ; Goth. -ci. rel. pron. suffix; as, who (y passes into h) ; ocr'Te, 09 strengthened with demonstrative t (§ 3). e'Tep-os, other (h refers here also to an antecedent, from which there is transition, vi. 9). In Lat. cetera the c replaces y and h. Lat. qui (the reference to the antecedent involves connection with it, which q is specially fit to express, see Introd. § 10 ; and q is strengthened with juxtaposition in v and proximity in i). The relative pronoun defines by connection with another object, and therefore expresses what needs definition. Its ground, qv, belongs therefore also to the indefinite, -quam, -cun-, -que, and to the interrogative quis, which is stronger, as more emphatic. The same ground as expressing connection supplies the copulative -que. Lat. quam, relative limitation or degree (see § 2). Goth, leva, Eng. who ; Goth, hve'leiks, Eng. which (§ 26); Goth, hvevr, Eng. where (§1); Goth, hvefthar, Eng. whether ; Goth, -him, Lat. -cun-, -quam ; Goth, uh, Lat. que ; the transposition of h and v in Goth, uh is like that in Eng. who. The q is dropped in u(ter), u(bi), &c, and t, ti, demons, is added in ut, uti. To -que correspond Skr. h'a and re. A weaker ground than qv, but of similar expressiveness, and similarly associated with i, is in Lat. hie (hvi'c), whose genitive is hurjus, or rather hu'jus'ce ; for the final c of hie is the demon- strative element -co or -c, which has been mentioned above. This -c is -h in Goth., as in thaifh (see below). Lat. cccc, ecquis. Lat. cvs, ci'tra, Goth, hi-, Eng. hi(thcr) ; hita, ace. sing, neut. her, Eng. here (§ 1); hi'dre, Eng. liitJicr (vi. 9); Lat. ecu, (ci've, specifies with equivalence). eicei, eKei'vos, Kij'vog, Kecvog. yd = ye, yap (specifies with transition, jO ) ; Lat. igitur (specifies with transition, vi. 9). ku'i has an expressiveness like que. 28 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. i. JSf demonstrates indefinitely by reason of the weakness of the closure. Lat. en, rjv, lo ! demonstrate indefinitely, as the object is not yet observed. evQa, there (§ 1) ; evrauOa, here, there (evQ-av- T'a) ; evravOoi, hither ; ev'Oev, evrevOev (evQ'evT'ev), thence. Skr. ena, demons, an'tara, alius (vi. 9) ; Goth, antheir, Eng. other. evioL, some ; Lat. an ; Goth, an ? for, and. Lat. num, ixwv ; Skr. -nu ? Lat. -nc ; Skr. nana, multus, varius (indefinite reduplicated) ; Lat. -nam. N and m demonstrate subjectively, confirming the adoption of a statement. Lat. emm, nam, nee, ne ! fxi]v, vai, vai^i (strengthened by )(i demonstrative), vrj, vel, affirmative, fxa assertive of affirmation or negation ; Skr. nunam, certo. ficv, vi'v, are pronouns of the 3rd person in the accusative. The Gothic ya, yes, probably expresses affirmation by y demonstrating the proximate, as negation involves a sense of remotion. But Goth, yarns is the demonstrative of the remote, Eng. yon, yoivder, beyond. A similar expressiveness of the remote is given by n in Goth. hind(ana), on the far side, Eng. behind, and in Lat. sin, which expresses a remote or contrary supposition. In all these the expressiveness of n is the same as in iv. 4. In Goth, yah, and, h gives junction; and in yau interrog. a gives the indefiniteness of hv. Goth, yu, now, expresses the present by y demonstrating the proximate and u the juxtaposed. n^y v ly v l-J v demonstrative of the added or of the beyond. Skr. anya, alius ; a'AAo? ; Lat. alius, al'ter, adul'ter (ter, transition between two, vi. 9) ; Goth, edis, other. Demonstrative of the remote, Me, ollc, ol'im (vi. 37), id's (s adverbial, § 9), ultra, ul'tro, remote, separate, independent direc- tion ; ullus, any (an individual not confined to the near, and therefore leading thought to the remote) ; ali'qitis (transition from one to another with, indefiniteness expressed by qui). v t (juxtaposed and definite. Introduction, § 10). Skr. via, vtalio, aut (aho, interjection). Lat. aut, aulreni (em has accusative significance, § 2), refers to a past thought as different. Goth. (bay)'oths ; Eng. (b)oth. v , v ^ (I less definite than t). sec. 7.] GROUNDS OF THE FIRST PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 29 Skr. va, aut, sicut ; >/, or, than ; Lat. -ve, vel. t v , definite and juxtaposed. Skr. tva, alius ; tic, autem etiaru ; Goth, aith'thcm, or else (aith demonstrative). Goth, thawh, Eng. though (-h = Lat. -c) refers to a co- existent fact thought as different. m , s.TO-j indefinite. a.ju.69 or djuog, a/j.o'Oev, from some place ; ouS-ajuos, none (iv. 5, S demons.). Goth, sums; Eng. some. § 6. y^, yj v junction. Skr. yu , //a;/, jungere (strengthened with g x ) ; l^evyvvfjii ; Lat. jungo ; jugum, yoke, connecting beam or ridge; tot'jug'us, so many (together); jugulum, throat (connects head); jugerum (two actus joined, 120 x 240 feet) ; juxta, juxtim (jug's^ x a, jug's tim, S 2) ; jumentum, beast of burden (yoked) ; jugis, continual (uninterrupted) ; v'fxrjv, Hymen (' for y). Goth, yuh, Eng. yoke ; yiulca, strife. Skr, yud\ to fight ; yud'mcc, a fight; vg-jj.lv, ixj-fxiui], a fight ; Ma'ju'ma, mock sea-fight in the Tiber in May (Ma = Maid). Skr. yat, to join, to be set on an object. d v , expression of a double by the help of the labial closure v . Introduction, § 10. Skr. dva, Svo, duo ; Goth, tvai ; Eng. two ; Skr. dvi'S, twice (s adverbial, § 9); vi'su, on both sides (iv. 8); Sis (Sf<-'s), Si-, Soioi, two ; Son}, doubt. Skr. dvitlyas, second ; Snrcrog (Si'ry'os), SiPos, double ; Si^oo, Sia-ra^ca, to doubt ; Lat. bis, bini, dubius ; Goth, tuz-, tuzveryan, to doubt. S 7. m , yjn> v gi m i> [Ji v i> combination of one with another (labial juxtaposition). Lat. cmo, original meaning to take or receive; ex'im'o, ex'im'ius, cx'emylum, prceniium (jprce'im m um), swm'o, cle'nro. Skr. yctma, a pair; Skr. g'am'jpati, husband and wife (pati, husband); Skr. gama'tri, gener (tri expresses the relation of kin- dred, vi. 9) ; ya/u.'fi-p6$, Lat. gener, son-in-law; Skr. garni, soror; Lat. dmita, father's sister (ta is a reduction of tri) ; ya/uos, marriage ; Lat. genvinus (yama), jaw v trices, elva-repes, wives of brothers (11 for m, as in gener) ; Skr. yatri, mariti fratris uxor. 30 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. i. touch, grasp ; ^irrrrr]^, a mender. P-fv Pi s V v i s v J ux t a position, definite. Lat. apt/is, fit. Skr. pcrtta, sedes ; pain, aptus habilis dexter. Lat. re'pucl'ium, puttiug away. Goth, fclyan, to adorn. Goth, beidan, Eng. bide; Mid. Lat. boda, mansio ; Gotb. baidyan, to compel. sec. 10.] <; ROUNDS OF THE FIRST PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 31 Lat. pono (pos-no), jwstis ; Goth, fast' an, to hold, guard; Eng. fast. § 9. vj v v v s v v x s v coincidence, correspondence. Adverbial suffix, Skr. -rat, -vets (Icritvas); -co?, -s ; Lat. -us,- is, -s, ali-uta, otherwise; Goth, -va, hvavva, Eug. how ; Goth. S'va, Eng. so ; Goth, sve, as ; -oj. Skr. k'va, ubi (7c interrogative) ; Lat. v&stig'ivm (vi. 71). iv v ijcv i l m v coincidence correspondence. Skr. ira, sicut ; Lat. ccquus ; inviior, imago, mnvulus ; Goth. ibns, Eng. even. Lat. red-ion- vo, to encircle (cause to coincide with by bend- ing back). § 10. nj v quiescent apposition denned (Introduction, § 10). Skr. nid, propinquum esse ; Ir. naithm, covenant. Goth, nithyis, cousin; nithan, to help. Skr. nand-a, nand-ini, sister-in-law ; nand'ana, progenies (propinquity of kindred) ; vdvvag, vevvog, uncle ; Lat. nonnus, monk ; nonna, nun (name of reverence). nJc v quiescent apposition close. Lat. angustus, narrow; ayyi, near; eyyu$, near; aarcrov, nearer (ayyj.ov) ; Lat. angiportus, narrow alley (vi. 20) ; Goth. aggvus, narrow; Goth, nehv, near; Eng. nigh, next. Skr. nalcs, nancisci, to come by, reach ; Lat. nancio, to get, obtain ; nassa, naxa, basket to catch fish. Skr. naks'a'tra, star, sun, stations of the moon (nedes, to come up to, regularity of arrival). n 1 m 1 , n 1 v v n 1 p l , quiescent apposition strengthened with juxtaposition side by side (Introduction, § 10). Goth, niman, to take; Lat. numella, kind of fetter. vaiw, to dwell ; vao/A?/?), vea^ = veai/ia? (cf. /meipa^), veoar v m i^v m i s v m J'v n i r v coincidence, coincidence defined. Skr. ma, mas, metiri ; mas, mensis luna ; iai'jv, month ; MP)], moon ; Goth, mena, Eng. moon ; Goth, menoths, Eng. month ; Lat. mensis ; mens'tvuus, monthly (tr step of transition, vi. 9) ; Skr. masa, measure, weight ; /uupis, a liquid measure ; Lat. invman'is (unmeasured) ; Lat. niini's, beyond measure. Ir. mithis, time ; mis, mi, a month. ju.eSilu.vos, fioScog, measures; Lat. moclius, id.; modus ; moclero ; modo, just now ; mod'ernus (the present contrasts with the remote in involving a sense of a limiting point of time). Goth, mitan, to measure ; Eng. meet, adj. ; Goth, mota, tax (fit); ga'motan, find room (fit). Goth, ga'motyan, to meet ; Eng. meet, mate. /jlutiov, a measure; /xerpov, a measure; Lat. metior ; meta ; met'cllus, mercenary; fxoiro?, thanks, return; juiaOo?, Goth. mizdo, pay. Lat. amussis, a rule or level; mus'tri'col'a, machinula ex regulis in qua calceus suitur (tri, whereby an effect comes forth). Cyp. fj-vaa-'iov, measure ; Lat. norma, rule. Goth, mcl, defined time; mela, bushel. Lat. mcrco ; merx ; merces ; equivalence. Lat. mensa ; Goth, mes, table (on which things are laid). /mi/mos, mimic. Skr. mit' , met' , Tried', to accompany, to meet. sue. 12.] GROUNDS OF THE FIRST PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 33 § 12. />,/,, L»,, If,. /,, the double contact, with the flat Ml 11 11' 1 closure of /, gives a sense of surface and of flatness, but is strengthened with other elements in the same phase of utter- ance, and with similar significance. Lat. plan'us ; planc'a, a board; plant" a, sole of the foot; pdl'a, a spade ; 7rA«£, anything flat ; Lat. placenta, cake ; plat'essa, iiat fish, plaice; plag'usia, a kind of fish; plag'a, tract, surface ; palnva ; pul'pit'um (vi. 40). cxt'xoX'jy?, on the surface ; 7raXdfx'>], palm ; TraXafi'vaios, one guilty of violence ; 7ruAa/, palm of the hand (xaA strengthened with (7T , which has similar significance) ; ttXuctt- iy}^, scale of a balance ; iraXdOt], cake ; xXiVO'of, brick-shaped body ; 7raA/raT/«9, palm-wine ; 7rAaTaVo?, plane (leaves) ; irXuTa/x-wi', tlat body ; irXdQ-avov, dish on which bread was baked ; Lat. plautus, flat; platalea, the spoonbill. Lat. lanx, plate, scale of balance; lanna, ear-flap. Lat. later, brick (flat surfaces). Goth, land, Eng. land. eXar't], the pine, the bud of the palm (flatness of the shoots and branches) ; eiXdnvos, of pine ; eXeo?, eiXeos, kitchen-table. Did these words originally begin with F ? t J , s 1 ^ 1 , t r., the same. Skr. tola, solum, planta pedis, palma, superficies ; Lat. medi'- tullium, middle place ; Lat. sub'tcl, hollow of the foot ; Lat. tellus (tal'var, var being the root of Skr. uru, spacious, whose comparative is variyas). Lat. solum, bottom; solea, sole; creA/?, bench; o-eX/JLa, deck, throne, scaffold ; cnjXiu, rijXia, tray ; rapo-os, sole, flat surface ; Goth, sul/ja, Eng. sole. I p , l^m v the same. Goth, lofa, flat hand; Goth, laufs, Eng. leaf. Lat. lamina. s 1 p v pJ, pr v double contact, giving sense of flatness, strengthened as above. cnrdOi], broad blade ; vo$ f drivelling. TrXevvepos, slimy. (pXey/ua, phlegm. /3X/^-a><^/?, ^Xi^avwS)j?, running at the nose ; (Sklicavos, a frog. Lat. plaeitis, crust adhering to furnace. a(ppayi9, seal ; spagas, vocatur in Asia resina quae fit e picea.— Plin. 14, 29. o-irXyviov, a plaster; Lat. seplasium, an unguent; uairwv, Lat. sapo, soap (Teut. or Celt.); Lat. eon'spol'ium, sacrificial cake (vii. 6) ; (nriXa?, agillaceous clay, stain ; o-7r.'Xo9, stain ; urrcpaXro?, bitumen ; oiavrnj, grease in wool (of>, sheep) ; Lat. sebum, grease. 7T«o-cra>, to sprinkle, lay on ; 7rucr-/xa, sprinkling, plaster ; 7r«7"7r«X>/, finest meal (see above). ylrapo?, dappled grey ; ^'luvBog, white lead (§ 20). fiXi/ma^M, to feel for eggs. pjn, p m r the same, the continuous closure of m giving a sense of adherence. Lat. fimus, dung, dirt; /37, Lat. pasta, paste ; Lat. pausea, kind of olive. (pBeip, louse, fish that sticks on other fishes, small fir-cone. The palatal closure without the labial also expresses stickiness. Ki/, mist. fiiywjuu, /uLia-yw, to mix (s increases the palatal closure) ; Lat. misceo ; /ulio-koi, droppings of food. Lat. maekio, a mason (cements) ; Goth, megs, one connected 38 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. i. by marriage ; Old Ger. mag, kinsman ; Old Ger. machon, iungere, facere ; Ang.-Sax. macian ; Eng. make. m.s v m^ v m v the same, the continuous closure of m giving a sense of adherence. fjLaaTi)(t], a gum ; /xda-TreTov, the leaf of the silphium (iv. 15) ; mystus, piscis ex lacertorum genere ; Lat. musculus, kind of fish, sea-muscle, muscle of body (adheres to the bone or shell) ; musinor = muginor, to dally. IulvSos, damp clamminess ; julvSuco, to be damp or clammy ; /uLvSa^o/uai, to loathe (expectorate) ; /jlvti?, liver of mollusca ; /xuTiAo?, muscle-fish ; //veXo'9, marrow ; fxu$, muscle-fish ; Lat. mitulus, mutuhts = fJLvnXos ; Lat. mvtilago, juicy plant (vi. 92); /jlvttos, pudendum niuliebre. Skr. mid, unctum adiposum esse; met', adhferere ; medas, medulla; Lat. medulla; fieT'coiriop, gum of an African tree (o7riov, juice); /j.itv*s, bees-wax; y^l/xvOos, white lead (^ 15). ml, the same. Skr. mala, sordes Latum; lalwmala, lead (bahu, multum) ; /uuzXus, black ; ixoXvvw, to defile ; /jlo\v{3Sos, /xo'Ai'/3o9, Lat. plumbum (pi = ml), lead; Goth, mcl, writing; mail, stain, Ang.-Sax. mad, Eng. mole ; irrfieXij, fat, grease (vi. 38) ; fxaXOrj, mixture for calking ships ; maldacon, gum of the bdellium. mjr y , s i m v t 1 m v the same. /u.opu](/ue\ik), careful ; Skr. day, fa//, tag, sumere, tueri ; Skr. dasa, famulus, servus (a possession). 9iyydvu>, to touch ; Lat. tango ; Goth, tehan, teikan, to touch. Goth, ya'yeiyan, ya-yeiyyan, to gain ; aiyan, to own ; Skr. -ha, possessive suffix, mcrma'ka, meus ; asma-ham, nostrum (gen. pi.). ^ 22. fc £ , h s v adhering conjunction. Skr. gat conjungere, conglutinare ; yata, hydria fictilis. Goth, has, vessel ; hasya, potter. Skr. Irtt'ina, vas fictile ; Lat. catinus, a bowl. Goth, gadiliggs, cousin (§ 26) ; Ang.-Sax. gadding, comes ; Ang.-Sax. gaderian, Eng. gather. Lat. catcrva. Goth, ovyitan, to find; Eng. get. KTao/uai, to get, hold ; KTeap, KTeavov, possession ; Krepas, possession, gift ; tcrepea, funeral gifts ; KTtjvo?, cattle. ^ 23. hJ, , adherence on application. yXo'ia, yXla, glue ; Lat. glus, -litis, glue ; y\tvtj t mud ; yXi'/vi], honeycomb, anything sticky ; yXeivos, maple (resinous) ; y\io~xj3o], yXi'/fxtj, Lat. gram/ice, viscous humour in corner of eye ; yXafAvj-o?, blear-eyed, (yXani + ahsa, oculus) ; yaXaKes, kind of muscle. koXXu, glue ; kuX^i], purple dye ; ^aX/c//, id. ; tcoXXvpiov, eye-salve, poultice, clay; koXXo7t6co, glue together; koXXo\^, debauchee, cimedus. Lat. colostra, biestings ; Lat. color. 40 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. i. apyiWos, potter's earth ; Lat. atgilla (Jear, dropping k, + gil) ; qvdon, jelly. Lat. callicia, plant said to freeze water (or to thicken it, § 25). K>]\h, stain; Skr. kola, niger ; kalaka; lalana, macula; Ke\aiv6?, black ; Lat. catigo, darkness ; ax^v?, mist, darkness ; Lat. aquilws, dark coloured. k L r v the same. Skr. kardama, lutum ; tctpa/nos, potter's clay ; Kepvos, large earthen dish. icdpSoTTos, kneading trough ; icepdoo, to mix into one ; Kpan'ip, mixing bowl ; eyKpis, cake made with oil and honey (ev -Kepao)). Lat. cremor, thick juice, cream; Lat. corcrccsia, plant like callicia (see above, § 18); Kopts, Kopiov, plant same as x«/W- ttitvs ; Lat. cart'ilago, gristle (viscous, vi. 92). Kqpos, wax; Ki'iptifio?, bee-bread (vi. 129); Lat. cera, wax; creta, chalk; Lat. ccrvsm, white lead (vi. Ill); (sin)cerus, clean, sound ; aKi'iparos, pure, untouched, undamaged. Goth, qvrammitha, moisture ; Old Norse, kramr, soft semi- fluid. Xjo/w, anoint, colour, prick slightly ; xP a ' iV0) > smear > sta ^ n 5 X|o/yU7rTO0, affect with contact ; XP ( *'C W > XP® VW P L > touch, tinge ; XP ( ' )Uy Xi ^ 9 ' sur ^* ace 5 colour; Lat. hcerco, stick. k v k l n 1 , adhering contact. XpvSpos, gristle ; x ov ^P^^> plant which exudes gum. Lat. cosnum, dirt; inquino, bedaub; cunire = stercus facere. kvko.0), to mix ; Kvpnavaca, id. (cf. Kepaw). Lat. cinnus, mixed drink ; coivcinniis, nicely fitting. /aVra/3o?, K adherin g apposition. alaXos, fat; alaXov, saliva; Lat. saliva; Lat. sil, yellow ochre; Goth, lisaulyan, to stain; Eng. soil, sully; Ang.- Sax. salovirj, Eng. sallow (dirty colour) ; Lat. obsolcsco, get sullied. Goth, salbon, to anoint ; Eng. saZ-we. OoXog, 6X09, mud, dirt, especially in water ; a.6e\fi-a>, uOeXfidi^u), to filter. Lat, sordcs ; aavp'm, impure, filthy ; aaig, dirt. crrac?, -to?, dough of wheaten flour ; areap, -to?, fat, dough. Lat, situs, rust, mould, filthiness ; Eng. soot; Lat. suasum, colos qui fit ex stillicidio fumoso, vel omnis colos qui tit inficiendo (Fest.) ; in'suasum, kind of dark colour. § 25. Lis, i.1s v lj v rj,- v adherence ; for adherence of 7^ see Introduction, § 10. Skr. lay, adhasrere ; Xoyyevco, to dye. Skr. li, adhaarere ; Xet^W, lichen ; Xia-^po? = yXio~xj)os. sticky, dirty; dXiayeay, pollute; aXi], dirt. Lat, cal'licia, supposed to be a plant which thickens water with, mucilage (§ 23). Lat. lollgo, cuttlefish; fwtigo, soot (fumus); vitiligo, cu- taneous eruption (vitium) ; os't'lyo, scab on the mouth (x. 24) ; por'rigo, scurf, dandruff (vii. 28) ; pet'igo, a scab, eruption (vii. 41). Skr. ran'y', tingere colorare adhasrere ; /oe'^o, pi'rC®, to dye. Skr. ray' as, pulvis, menstrua ; rag am, nox (darkness thought as blotting out the light) ; Goth, riqvis, darkness ; Eng. rack, cloud. § 26. r v l v lj> v coincidence, expressed by the flexile appli- cation of the tongue to the palate. 42 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. r. apco, fit ; apea-Kco, satisfy ; ypa, acceptable ; ep[->]pos, faithful, attached ; ypavos, friend, guardian ; eTrn'ipavos, acceptable (fit- ting on) ; ap-fxo?, joint, fitting ; dp-fxa, yoked chariot, chariot (cf. airrivrj) ; aphakia, allotted provisions (fitting) ; ap'ri, just (coincident time; cf. vecoo-ri, fxeyaXoxrri, § 2); apap-Trj, at same time, at once ; o/x-ap-Tt], jointly ; Sdfx-ap, wife (§ 34) ; o/x-^-o?, bonded ; npOpov, joint ; -yp*]S, fitted with (rptypw, KU>Trripn, the warp thread (upright); Lat. sta- men, id. (ii. 38) ; arrd-Siov, measure of length (stage) ; , to set duly (/ by its fiat closure expresses fitting) ; o-to'Ao?, equipment, band, troop ; Lat. prce'stdlor, await (take up place beforehand) ; Lat. satcllcs, -itis perhaps belongs to this root, sa'stelle's might mean placed in order with (Skr. sa) ; Goth, ga'staldan, to possess, gain. Lat. stiva, plough-handle ; arr'fii], frozen dew. Goth, stir it I, patience. Skr. st'avira, st'ura, thick, solid; st'ura, taurus ; ravpo?, bull; Lat. taurus; Goth, stiur, Eng. steer; Skr. st urin, pack- horse. 44 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. i. arravpos, upright stake ; Goth, stiuryan, to establish ; Lat. in'stau ro, rcstauro. Skr. ast'i, os ; Lat. os, ossis ; oareoi', bone; ocrrpaKov, shell, pottery ; ocrrpeov, oyster ; oarpug, tree of very hard wood ; oiTTa/co?, ao-raKos, a crab. Lat. testa, shell, pottery (redupl.) ; testis, testicle; testudo, tortoise ; teste, earthen pot-lid or pot. § 30. s k , s p , junction (Introduction, § 10). Skr. sakam, saha, cum ; Skr. sahasd, cito, subito (perhaps instrumental case of an abstract noun sahas, the immediate) ; (T^e'^oV, near, cr^e'^09, near, sudden ; evo-^epa), €7rra"^epco, in succession (uninterruptedly) ; Lat. sceye, in close succession (§ 8) ; Skr. sahasra, mille (a combined succession) ; oXo'a-^ep^, whole, entire (p~X e = saha, cum, all together) ; y^iXioi, a thousand (^Eol. ^eWioi, ar-^ecrpioi?). Skr. sak', sequi ; Skr. sale a, sa/ei, amicus; Lat. sequor, secta (secuta) ; sccundis ; secus, prep, beside ; seats, sex (classed together) ; sexus ; soeius. ea-yjxros, last ; e^w, e^eo]?, one after another (cre^ela). Goth, kritn. sehiios, sponsa. Skr. seep, sequi ; eirofxai, to follow ; (Wa^oo, make to follow ; owdoov, attendant; ottv'm, marry (§ 8); Goth, vn'sibis, lawless (sib, federation) ; sibya, kindred ; er7roAeiy9, bread taken only by relations (enr + oXi), bruised barley). €7rw, be about or with ; o-ttXov, tool, implement ; (S6X)o^/, lurker in ambush ; (Spv)o\]s, woodpecker. § 31. s^'j, l\i v s^, l\r v kfiiy \n v junction ; r v of two (Introduction, § 10). Skr. syala, uxoris frater (S 7) ; al'eX'ioi, a'iX'ioi, brothers- in-law whose wives are sisters. Skr. bifida, uxoris frater (§ 7). Skr. sva'g'ana, cognatus (sva cum, g'an gigno) ; ^va'^ura, father-in-law four, firmum esse, firmly related, i.e. by marriage) ; eKvpos, id. ; Lat. socer, id. ; Goth, sraihra, id. Lat. so'brinus, cousin (sva + tiri ferre, blood relation); as • s " / " k° sa- } § 32) ; Pvvo$, common ; koivos, id. Lat. con-; coram (con-os) ; Goth, ga, with, altogether. seo. 32.] GROUNDS OF THE FIRST PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 45 Skr. (vi)x't'<(, omnia (§ 8). Skr. lei, colligere, cumulare; Jc'aya, multitudo ; koios = api6/u.os. Skr. %'and, hund, colligere, coacervare. Goth, hansa, multitude, liost. Lat. cohum, the thong which bound beam of plough to yoke (eoha is to cum as saha (§ 30) to sam). § 32. sra., sn, m- v junction; m y expresses junction of two, or comprehension on both sides (Introduction, § 10). Skr. sam, samam, cum; a /ma, together; afxaw, to gather; Goth, samana, sammath, together; Skr. sci'tra, cum (§1); «-, d-, together; Skr. sam'prati, nunc (prati, contra, e regione, the very present); Lat. mox (x adverbial suffix, § 1, cf. irepi^, m immediate); Skr. sa'dyas, statim (sa=sam, immediate connection ; dyas, suffix of position, § 1, gen. ; on the spot) ; troi/j-os, ready (e = sa, tol loc. of suffix of evros, fxos verbal adj.); Lat. si mid ; simvtu — simul (-tu an element expressive of time, vi. 57); Lat. simidtas, contest (si = sim, mul fight, vii. 45). ojut.-a.p-T>j, jointly (§ 26) ; 6V>7j°-o9, bonded (§ 26) ; o^-i\og, crowd (}%/) ; oniaSos, throng, din.; 6/xo-/cX>/, summons, reproof (call to duty, naXeco). Lat. santerna, kind of solder for gold. Skr. sama, omnis integer totus ; sima, totus ; sa'Jcala, id. (ii. 2) ; samayra, id. (ii. 4) ; Skr. Iritsna, totus omnis (iv. 9) ; Lat. omnis. km , Sjmj, s x n v coincidence, correspondence. Skr. sama, similia a3qualis planus ; ofAos, same ; o/xoios, like ; o/xaAo'?, even; Goth, sama, Eng. same; Lat. similis ; oyacr- rpios = o/jLoyaarpios ; Skr. sdmi, semi ; Lat. semi- ; ijp.fo$, a shrub. acfrevSaiuL-vos, maple (Safx, close ; j, cup; oXXi£, 47 48 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. ii. drinking-bowl ; kuXv^ cup; ku\tt>i, urn; /ceAt/3>/, drinking- vessel ; KoXeog, a sheath ; kvXu, the parts under the eyes ; ■^eXiScoi^, hollow above elbow, hollow of hoof; Goth, us'lmlon, to hollow out ; halks, empty ; Lat. caelum, heaven. Lat. cul'ullus, drinking- cup ; culcus, a bag; ccdix, cup. /cctA-or?, rope (flexibility) ; ^aA-^-o?, bridle, strap ; Lat. galbeus, armlet; icXaviov, bracelet; kXoios, collar; kXvjul€vo?, honeysuckle ; kXwv, kXij/ulu, young shoot ; X°'^'£> S n ^ > koXov, part of gut (flexure) ; kiXXi^, with twisted horns ; KiXX'ovpos, wagtail ; Skr. led, ligare. kX'w'O-co, to spin, twist (6 is #.,) ; KaX-aQ-o, small round cake, coin, or weight ; KoXo(pwv, ball ; koXttos, bosom, fold ; Lat. cillibcv, round tables ; oX'/ulo?, round or hollow body ; oXorTpo^o^, rolling (§ 20) ; Lat. olla, pot. kXivw, to bend; Lat. -clino, clinamen, inclination; Ang.- Sax. Idinian, Eng. lean ; /cAf/xa£, ladder (sloping up) ; Lat. clivus, a slope ; Goth, halclis, adv. compar. lieber, rather ; Ang.-Sax. hald, inclinatus. KXffidS'iov, KXv-{3ar'is, plant, same as kXQvri (^ 10); Lat. clupea, supposed to be the lamprey, a fish like an eel ; Lat. calamister, curling-iron. oicXdfu), to crouch with bent hams. yaXrdyKoov, having bent arms (§ 9); ydXXi^ = t'Xi£, spiral, yeXXij^at = crvveiXrjcrai ; yXtjvwv = (3Xrj-va)v, pennyroyal, the pubes (llcxible like hair). sec. 2.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 49 yau\os, yavXos, a round vessel ; -ycoXeo'?, a hole ; yoyyvXo<:> round; yiyyXv/nos, ball-and-socket joint; yXi'ivij, socket of joint; Lat. gillo, a vessel. Skr. galla, the part of the cheek near the corner of the mouth. arrp-o-yyvXos, round (§ 22) ; acrrpd'yaXos, a vertebra (§ 22). Lat. (/lull's; glomes, a ball or clue of yarn. § 2. kJ 2 , enclosure. Skr. kul, tegere, to confine; Goth, hulyan, to cover; hcdya, Eng. hell (kuX-, cover) ; Skr. kid, colligere ; g'al, tegere ; gala, rete ; Lat. galea, helmet ; galerum, cap ; ylXXaca, hull ; ytXov- Tpoi', a cover ; yXauuog, garment ; ^Xacva, ^Xaw?, ^Xa/xi;?, cloak ; Goth, hakuls, mantle ; Lat. cacidlus, hood ; tcapa-icuXXov, hood (vi. 1). koXvittw, to cover ; KeXucp)], husk, shell ; Lat. glubo, to bark, i.e., peal ; glumaj cluma, husk ; columns, of hazel ; culiola, cortices nucum viridium ; gulliocce, green shells of walnuts ; cuculus, a plant ; Lat. celtis, lotus (leguminous) ; koXoitgu, KoXovria, a tree that bears pods ; Lat. clipeus, shield ; cliba- narius, cuirassier ; Skr. y^alaJj a, locusta (cf. y^araV a § 4) ; KoXv(3§aiva, a kind of crab ; /cXeVrft), to steal ; Goth, hlifan, to steal; Lat. clepo, id. ; koXiu, hut, nest; kuXios, a cabin, coop ; Skr. xiila, casa, stabulum ; kukoXov, a wall ; Lat. cella, store- room, stall, hut; celo, to hide ; occul'o ; calim, clam, clanculum (redup.) ; domvcil'ium, /co'^Xo?, koX^o?, shell-fish ; Lat. cochlea, snail ; ^e'Xu?, tor- toise, chest of body ; ^eXcow/, tortoise ; KXefxfxu^, id. ; Goth. /dims, helmet ; hlamm, snare ; Lat. calces, leaden bottles ; cal- ccus, shoe ; caliga, soldier's boot ; Skr. k'' alii, cutis, cortex ; yelXos, yeXvvri, lip ; yeX'dv, fish with long snout (cf. labeo) ; Y9A09, chest ; ^j/X;/, hoof (encloses the foot), claw (encloses, grasps) ; Skr. k'il, vestire ; Lat. cilium, eyelid ; ajvcile, shield (§ 6). ■ kXcis, kX>]'l's, key, Lat. clavis ; claudo ; kXco/3o?, cage ; kX«£, -uko$, key ; Lat. clacend'ix, kind of shell-fish (§ 58). Goth, haldan, iroi/xaLveiv, keep; KaXaupo\\r, shepherd's staff thrown to keep the herd together (cf. poiraXov) ; Lat. class ts (assembled band). Skr. sa-kala, totus (sa, together, i. 32 ; kal-, inclusion) ; ale ila, omnis ; a'yeXi], herd (a- = sa). D 50 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. n. Goth, hliya, hlcithra, tent ; Lat. caliendrum, calautiea, coverings for the head. Skr. ■tflaJc, X'^' am P^ ect i J KoXwwvas, the barrier from which the race started (cf. career) ; Lat. a-classis, tunic open at the shoulders (§ 6). § 3. k„r curvature, concavity, flexure, intertexture. Kopcovos, curved ; Kopwvrj, anything curved ; Kopa^, hooked thing ; Lat. corona ; curves ; Kvpros, curved ; Lat. cortina, round vessel ; Kpd-fiar'o?, couch (vi. 40, on which the body should be in a bent position). KipKog, KpiKo?, a ring ; Kaptclvo?, circle ; Lat. circus, circum, circiter, circa ; Kepitos, a tail (flexible). Lat. carclo, hinge (circumflexion) ; Skr. J/arama, ultimus occidens (behind, indicated by turning round). yvpog, round ; yupivo?, yepuvo?, tadpole (round) ; Lat. gyrus. Kapiros, Lat. carpus, wrist (flexile). ywpvros, bow-case, quiver ; KwpvKos, leathern sack ; yepyvpa, yopyvpa, dungeon underground ; Lat. gurgustium, an obscure dwelling ; ypoovo?, cavernous hollow ; Kpaxrcros, Kpunros, jar ; Lat. gndlus, kind of ship. Skr. grat' , inflexum esse; grant', nectere ; ypovQwv, a fin- gering of the flute ; ypovOog, closed hand, palm. X°P^'h string (flexile) ; Kelp, hair (flexile) ; rev-Kpiov, kind of chamasdrys (vi. 53) ; Kap'yfia-ioi, bandages, halyards (§ 9) ; Ketpia, girth of bedstead, swathings ; Lat. crinis, hair ; cirrus, curl ; cri'sp'US, curled, wrinkled (§ 27) ; tceipis, sea-fowl (sug- gested a fable about a lock). Skr. Jcrun'tf, inflexum esse; Goth, hrugga, rod; Lat. crux; crus (flexible). KpeKw, weave ; KpoKt], woof. yeppov, wicker ; yep§io$, weaver ; yvpyaOos, wicker basket (| 6) ; ici/pros, basket ; KapraWo?, id. (§ 18) ; Lat. crates, wicker- work ; can'cer, lattice (§ 6) ; icapo-ios, cross-wise ; Kprjaepa, sieve ; Goth, hrot, roof; Goth, haurds, door; Ger. horde, hurte, wicker-work; Ang.-Sax. hyrdle ; Eng. hurdle; Ang.-Sax. hriddlc ; Eng. riddle, a sieve ; Ka^pvco, entangle. Lat. corbis, a wicker basket ; ypc7ro?, yp'ifpoq, fishing-net or basket made of rushes (cf. scirpus, § 28, pfy, § 52), also an enigma (cf. riddle) ; Lat. corb'ita, ship of burden. sec. 4.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 5 1 ypviros, curved ; ypv^r, a griffin. Lat. hira, the jejunum, coiled in region of navel (ef. 'iptyyes, the veins); hi'llce, small guts (dim.). § 4 k, 2 r 2 , enclosure. KopSu\->], covering (§ 18); Skr. karyara, cranium (§ 17); Kpdvos, helmet, bed-covering ; Kpaviov, the skull ; Kop-vX'os, hazel or filbert tree ; Lat. eorylus, id. (from hull of nut) ; Lat. ((Cits, -cris, husk ; d-^cop, -opos, dundriff, scurf ; d^apv^s, sea- fish = Spaces (scaly); u-^vpov, chaff; Lat ocrea, greave, cover of leg ; Kopfcopos, kind of pulse (pod) ; Lat. cicer, the chick- pea ; cracca, kind of pulse ; Lat. carino, to obtain a shell ; carina, bottom of a ship; Kapvov, nut; Skr. k'arman, corium ; Lat. corium ; cortex; yopiov, skin. Kvp-))B'Lov, husk; KapfiaTivt], shoe of undressed leather (§ 33) ; Kp}]7rl?, boot, walled edge of river ; Lat. crepldo, enclosure, foun- dation (§ 33) ; cr&pida, slipper ; Kpdo-Ke&ov, edge ; Lat. crep'icu- 1 u in, covering for the head ; ypairls, -iSos, slough of serpent. Skr. k'tir, furari (concealment). KpinrToo, to conceal. Skr. X'arvarl, nox; Kepfiepo? (cf. epe{3o$) ; Lat. crepcr, dark ; crepus- culum, twilight. Skr. hri, capere; X e; 'i°' l ian d 5 ^at. hir, id. ; Iwria, fishing-boat (hri); Goth, greipan, to seize ; ga'grefts, decree, decision taken. Kapafios. beetle, crab ; Kapdju^io?, beetle (§ 45) ; Kepd^fivt, Kepdiu(3t]\ov,heetle; Kapafiala, fork , Kpcofiiov, Kpuoiriov, scythe or billhook ; Lat. carabus, crayfish ; Skr. -^arab'a, loensta ; K>ipa P^ ace - Skr. kri, emere ; KapouaQai, to buy ; KepSo?, gain. yplvTi?, the sky ; Lat. grunda, roof. Skr. g'arayu, slough of serpent, the outer investment of the embryo. § 5. k 2 v„, concavity, enclosure, curvature (§ 1). Lat. cavus; icorXos, /co'i'Xo?, hollow (icofiXos); xoiXta, the belly ; Goth, hvilftri, coffin ; hvairhan, to compass ; hvairnei, the kull ; Lat. cavern' a (§ 57) ; Skr. x'vab'ra, caverna ; icvaOos, cup, hollow of the hand ; Kvap, -ro?, hole ; /c], a sheltered place (seems to be like hug' ; i approaches to k) ; /cavus, kind of shoe ; kuvkos, kind of cup ; icavKoiXis, an umbelliferous herb ; KavKuXiov, a narrow-necked vessel; Skr. kuh, decipere fallere ; ku-)(, kus, amplecti ; %'fl, gemma floris, vagina ; kovkovXiov, cocoon ; KVveoo, to kiss ; Goth. huhyan, to store ; hugs, farm, field ; huzd, treasure ; has, house. Skr. g'us, to like, love, choose; Goth, kiusan, Eng. choose; / I'lcijan, to kiss. yvrjg, yv')'€ig, lame in both legs ; yavcros, crooked, bent ; yviov, limb, body (flexile). bkc 6.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND THASE OF UTTERANCE. 53 Lat. torque-o ; Koia = shepherd's crook. Skr. hvri, curvum flexuosum esse; Ger. quer, across; Goth. vrai'qvs, crooked (§ 12). yecpvpa, dam across (§ 16). Lat. qualum, wicker basket ; quasHlum, a small basket. Skr. guh, tegere abscondere ; eyyvOi'/Kt], chest or case to keep things in, stand for vessels ; Lat. incitega, case in which at a feast the amphora was kept (borrowed and mispronounced) ; eyyvt], pledge, surety. kuuvos, dark-blue substance (cf. Skr.s&w,Lat.oJsc?mts,&c.§ 29). § 6. /r./ 2 , k 2 n 2 , n 2 , the same, intertexture (§ 1). Skr. hit, inflexum esse ; kvti, casa ; Lat. cutis, skin ; kutos, a hollow, what contains, skin, trunk of body ; ey/cara, Lac. eytcura, entrails ; eyicurl, to the skin ; kvti?, a small chest ; kvtivos calyx of pomegranate ; kuticto?, a leguminous shrub ; KVTTapos, cavity; Kvcrrrj, bladder; Skr. guda, anus; tcvSapos, kind of small ship. Skr. kata, coxa, lumbus (flexile) ; Lat. catax ( = coxo), crip- pled, lame ; ciKrea, the elder tree ; KeS-pcoa-ng, bryony (flexile, § 56) ; Lat. catena (flexile) ; Lat. ex'cetra, a snake (§ 9) ; aya- O79, clue, ball of thread. yvp-yaO'os, wicker basket (§ 3). Skr. kit, ligare. Skr. k"ad, tegere; /c«, to incline in any direction ; vvaraCw, to nod ; Lat. nu'to, to nod. ndvadpov, a wicker basket ; icaveov a basket ; kuvOos, a pannier; kijkXis, lattice (§1); Lat. canistra, wicker basket; canipa, basket ; canterius, pack-horse, trellis ; cancer, canceling, lattice (§ 3). Ski*. x«na, hemp ; icdvvafiis, id.; Lat. cannabis, id. (flexile) ; Goth, hniujpan, to tie ; yvdfx-n-Trco, KuafX7T7rw, to bend ; Lat. gen'ista, broom (flexile), spartium junceum, Lin. (§ 22); Goth. kuna'veda, chain (§ 32). icavdos, corner of eye, felloe of wheel ; yv66o$, cave, pit, hollow. j3epe'Kvv9ai = pofJLJ3oi (§ 16). Lat. cumulus, ring; dvrp'ov, cave (§ 21) ; cUv'tvq rim (Skr. tvak', tegere, § 21) ; Lat. an-fractus, broken round ; an'cile, shield (§ 2) ; a'classis (§ 2) ; ennicio, to wrap about (§ 35). Enclosure. KavOapos, beetle, cup, boat (hold) ; Goth, handus, Eng. hand ; handugs, crocpos ; dy^dv)], a measure, cup ; x°^ ul ^-> a C,1 T measure; ■weTa'xy'ov, -kvov, a broad flat cup (iv. 15); Lat. can'i'fera, carrying a small box ; ^ai^'cu'co (x a $-), to hold ; Lat. hedcra, ivy ; yevro, he grasped ; Lat. 'prehendo ; av6evT>;s, with his own hand. Goth, us'hinthan, to take captive. Lat. canicce,, bran; cantabrum, kind of bran. Skr. x' a) ik'a, concha; icoyxn, cockle-shell; Lat. concha, id.; congivs, a measure (capacity) ; cignus, a measure. Skr. gas, servare, tueri ; yacrr^p, the belly ; Skr. gat, coa- cervare ; g'at'ara, venter ; Goth, qvithus, the belly ; yevrep, the belly ; yevra, the entrails ; Lat. longano, the rectum (/o?*#- r/'o/^) ; yayydni)], round net, enveloping membrane. § 7. Kp# K 171 ^ w -» cavity, flexure (p. 47). Kinrapo? = KUTTapos, cavity ; ku7t>), kind of ship, hut ; tcvireX- Aov, goblet ; Kv\]/e\>], hollow vessel ; Ku/ufios, KVfi^i], a cup ; Kuju.(3a\ov, a cymbal ; yvirt], hole ; Kiaa-'ufBiov, a rustic drinking- sec. 8.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 55 cup (of ivy wood or ornamented with ivy, /ao-cro'?, i. 18); Lat. cupa, tub ; caiqmlus, kind of small ship ; Lat. camellu, a cup. Lat. capillus, hair (flexure) ; caperare, to wrinkle ; capreolus, tendril of vine ; caprago, cicer columbinum ; capronce, forelocks. ku-ttto), stoop, bend ; Kv(p6s, v/, hoof. § 9. % 2 & 2 , & 2 , k s 2 , flexure. The nasal softens the closure, so as to take the stiffness out of it, and gives a sense of flexibility to the bend which it forms ; but without the nasal, the closure forms the bend. ayyos, jar, pail ; ay ko^, bend or hollow ; dyicwv, bend or hollow of the arm ; ayKv\o$, curved ; Lat. angulus. djKvpa, anchor ; ayKarrpov, fish-book ; oyxos, a bending ; Lat. uncus ; Oscan. ungulus, a ring ; Lat. cingo (§ 6) ; Skr. gang' a, crus (flexible, § 6) ; Goth, agga, neck. Lat. eicci'piter, hawk (hooked bird of prey, irrepvi^) ; ukki- Trtjo-ios, sturgeon ; Lat. aci'penser, id. (hooked swimmer) ; Skr. pant, ire ; pat' a, aqua) ; lep'uic-, hawk (§13; has the hook last, like Ang.-Sax. haf-uJc, hawk; haf — capid) ; oK'Kafiog, a ring (§ 7) ; Goth, hahan ; Eng. hang (hook or hank up). Skr. pvanfh', east; pratyanh' , west; avan'k', south; ud'an'k', north (ank seems to mean turned to a direction, like Eng. -wards, before, opposite, down, up) ; Skr. a\a, shoulder. 7T|Oa)/c - To?, the breech (§ 16) ; Lat. suf'fr ag'o, the ham (sub). sec. 10.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 57 Skr. ah, tortuose ire; ahi } e'^9, anguis; f^rcVa, adder (§ 58) ; Lat. ex'cet'ra, snake (§ 6). eyX'eXv?, eel (§ 10); eyy p'avXis, anchovy (§ 10); t\nov, a plant, dragon-root, ox-tongue ; ayyovcra, eyxpvo-a, ox-tongue ; Lat. anguis. Skr. ?i«7i, nectere ; Lat. necto ; fornix, arcli (§ 1G ; m'c, bend). Skr. aksa, axle, rota, talus (turn on a joint). Skr. hahsa, armpit ; Lat. coxa, coxendix (§ 58), the hip ; coxo, crippled; coxim, cessim, turning back; koywvij, part between anus and pudenda. Lat. axilla, armpit ; axis, a£W, axle ; aV^o?, shoulder ; cuc- XuXcftap, Lac. bier (fiap = (pep, borne on the shoulder ; the s in blending with k has become x) > 0- H. Ger. ahsala ; Ger. achsel, shoulder ; i£ys, small of the back (cf. /V^/oy, hip-joint, §28). Lat. ccestus, cestus, strap, belt ; Kap"xfl/, wicker basket ; eXeviov, a plant (flexile) ; eXQvr}, a plant ; Lat. alb'uelis, kind of vine (§ 50) ; euX'ypa, avX-qpa, reins (flexile) ; uXvcrig, a chain; evXi'j, maggot; eX'/uivO-, eX'/j-iyy-, worm (§ 38), 'iovXos, the centipede, a worm ; eyyp-auXl$, anchovy (§ 9) ; Lat. ad'ulor, to turn, wriggle towards ; Skr. Jcap'ola, cheek ; hqrult, knee-cap (cover of flexure of jaw or knee, § 8). avXo?, pipe, tube, hollow ; avXcov, a hollow way ; avX'coTrus, having a visor ; avX-unr6s, hollow-eyed (a'\J/-) ; Lat. vola, the hollow of the hand or foot ; vallis. OpvaXXl?, a wick (rush-roll, § 20) ; TjOOttciAAjV, bundle, bunch (§ 20) ; -ftpvo-aXXis, golden-coloured sheath of pupa (gold- roll) ; Spoo" aX A/?, kind of vine (iii. 13); aXXd$, -avros, sausage, (roll of forced meat, vi. 3-1) ; aXoo?, aXoot], disc of sun or moon, halo ; aX-ivS-ew, to roll (32). § 11. vj , I , enclosure. e'lXw, e'/AAw, '/AAw, to roll up, coop up ; eaXt]v, aXij/uevcu, 2nd aor. pass, of e'lXco ; ecXvw, iXvco, to enfold ; e'/Aeo?, lurking-place ; elXap, IXap, cover, shelter ; 7reS-lXov, sandal, shoe, boot (vi. 10) ; eXvfxos, case ; 'iXvos, den ; tjXiala, court ; K€tfj.-)'iXioi>, treasure (k€i/ul, § 8) ; Lat. fid'elia, pot (§ 33). Skr. vol, tegere, circumdare ; avXi), court, hall ; avXig, shelter. Lat. vallum, wall, rampart ; valva, leaf of door ; volva, vulva, covering, integument ; vclo, to veil ; villa. e'lX>], 'lX)j, (3eiX)] (Tarent.), troop ; ojul-iXo?, any assembled crowd ; aXia, assembly ; ouAa^o's-, throng, troop ; e^'ouXt], de- barring ; cnT'eXXu), (Jnr'eiXXa), to keep away, ward or bound off; u6XX^, all together (a = Skr. sa, together) ; Skr. ke'vala, totus, solus (iv. 7) ; 6'Ao?, ovXos, whole ; ouXco, to be whole or sound ; ovXos, 'lovXos, corn-sheaf; ovX//, wound skinned over (cf. volva). Goth, alls; Eng. all. Lat. pecul'or, to embezzle (ul= Skr. val) ; pec'td'ium, money laid by, son's or slave's own ; alydoX-tos, night bird of prey (v. 1). aXlcTKOfxai, to be taken ; eiXov, I took. Goth, vilvan, to rob ; vulfs, Eng. wolf ; Lat. wipes, fox (§ 51). § 12. r 2 ?\ 2 , r 2 , flexure. Skr. vrit, to turn, roll, go about, ire, versari ; Lat. verto ; sec. 13.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 59 Goth, vairths, Eng. worth (exchange = give and take = turn) ; -vairths, Eng. -wards ; Lat. de'orsum, &c. ; eCOu'oopo?, in a straight direction (ayj, indeterminate or flexible direction, determined by evOv) ; crKafwplu, a trick (v. 2). Lat. vergo } to turn, incline ; vergilioz, the Pleiades (rise visi- bly at the end of spring as it turns into summer). Goth, vravavs, crooked ; Eng. wriggle, wrong, &c. ; Goth. rairs, Eng. worse; Skr. urga, serpens. Lat. aurca, bridle (flexile) ; auriga, charioteer ; virice, brace- lets ; opva, sausage ; Ger. wurst, id. Lat. ornus, ash tree (cf. farnus, § 16); lab'umum (§ 50); vib'urnum (§ 37); \afi-vp-ivdo$ (§§ 51, 32). uppls, vpio-o?, wicker basket ; vpov, beehive ; vpu£, mingled ; Lat. aero, a wicker basket. epioo\>], whirlwind (var, vol, S 10); Ger. ivirocl. evpaL, ends of axle on which the wheels turn ; evp'u^, on one side, sideways (-£, i. 1). Lat. verrunco, turn out (well or ill) ; a'vcrriinco, avert. Lat. vermis, worm (§ 38) ; verminosus, full of worms ; Goth. vaurms, serpent ; Eng. worm ; Lat. ver'mina, writhings. Skr. vlra, arundo. ipig, rainbow; 'ip-iyye$, veins (§ 32). Lat. irtvola, sort of vine (cf. icrarig, § 32). § 13. v r^ r 2 , enclosure. Skr. para, ripa ulterior (parara, vi. 20) ; Skr. avdra, ripa citerior (§ 16; cf. Lat. ora) ; Skr. vri, tegere, circumdare, arcere, impedire ; oupos, warder, guardian ; cpp-ovpog, guard (■n-po-ovpos) ; opos, ovpo$, boundary ; ovpavos, the heaven ; bponai, opeva), to watch ; opaoo, to see, look to, take heed, see as a warder does; ficopoi, eyes; copa, care; icopos, watchman; aXe-wp)'), shunning, shelter (v. 12); Kifi-wp-iov, seed-vessel (§ 8); KoO-op-vos, high boot (§ 6) ; Lat. ora, border; Goth, vairilo, lip (guards the mouth) ; vpravt], el lid ; Xeivvp-ov, rind (§ 51) ; alb'* in-nvin, layer of sapwood (albus); (pi\-vpa, lime tree, bass under its bark (§ 15); Goth, vars, heedful; varyan, to guard, hinder ; -vards, warder ; vardyan, to guard ; Skr. varna, cover, exterior, colour, form ; Lat. omo, to furnish, adorn. Skr. vrik', tegere ; epKo$, ep^o-Tos, op^aro?, fence ; t'pyw, eipyco, to shut in ; Goth, vruggo, net. C>0 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. ii. Goth, vrithus, herd ; e'ipt], assembly (cf. fielXtj, § 11) ; tipi]v, youth of age for the assembly. alpeu), to take, grasp ; avpdoo, to get or hold possession ; euplcTKO), to find. \a(p-up-a, spoils of war (§ 51); lep-a£, "ip'n^, fie'pa^, hawk {peip-aK, § 9) ; fieipaKr] — apiruKTiKi] (Benfey). elpwv, dissembler (vri, tegere) ; \ej3-iip-l?, slough of serpent (§ 51). damrvaus'tra, danwaustra, precatory words of unknown meaning (perhaps damnuurtra, damnum + Skr. vri, arcere). Skr. rrik, sumere ; vriJea, lupus. § 14. p J , flexure, curvature, cavity. TroXew, to turn, go about ; 71-0X09, pivot, axis ; 7ru)\eoju.ai, to turn round and round, wander about ; ai-rroXog, goatherd (v. 1),; , to get by barter. 7rXe/c<», to plait, twist, weave ; Lat. plecto, id. ; plico, to fold; -plex, -plus, -fold; -7rXa£, -7rXd'o\o9, -7rXa*a709, -7r\oo9, id.; Goth, flahtom, dat. pi. braids; Lat. copula (con-). Lat. centi'pettio, second maw of ruminants (100 folds); re-plum, leaf of a door ; papttio, butterfly (wings) ; Irish, feilea- can, butterfly ; feilionM, seagull ; feilbin, lapwing. Goth, falthan, Eng. fold ; Goth, -faiths, Eng. -fold. Lat. pilus, a hair ; pcllion, a plant, called also daphnoides (flexile). Lat. flccto ; filum ; filix, fern ; flexumincs, an old name of the Roman knights {flccto, drivers or riders) ; influla, band. 7rd\iv, back (turning) ; ttoX'cu, formerly (duration behind, v. 24) ; -n-aXia, the day after a festival. uo-7r\>]y£, vcr"7r\}]^, rope kept up at race-course till the start, snare (vg, § 32) ; Lat. atri'plex, orach (in multa capilla- menta erumpens = aTpd(pa£i?, cf. Tpi)(-, tricce) ; sup'plex, on bended knee ; poples, ham. 7r\icr(To/jLat (e-n-Xt^djuiiv), cross one's legs, walk briskly ; pollex (avTi^eip, crosses the hand). f/)oX/co'?, bow-legged; Lat. valgus, id. ; 1 in bow of ship ; falx, scythe, sickle ; falcipedius, bow-legged ; falco, falcon. irXdyiog, sideways, slanting (as if bent) ; -wXuyos, side. fiXecpvpa, /£, helmet ; ttuX-iu.}], shield ; TreX'rrj, light leather shield. 7re7rXo?, covering ; ire7rXis, spurge, purslane (perhaps from the skin). Lat. palatium, the hill (fort) ; xuX 7x1/9, king (cf. dfxuuco, Sec, § 39) ; -wuXr], gate ; iroXt?, city. fidXXw, to put round or in the midst ; (riro-fioXwv, granary ; fioXftu, vulva ; fiaX-dvriov, bag ; /3aX/3/9, starting-posts (career); /3//3\o9, /3u/3Ao9, inner bark of papyrus ; BXavTrj, a slipper ; (3aXava-Tiov, flower of wild pomegranate (calix) ; fieXexa, kind of pulse (pod). (peXXos, cork ; (f)Xo[o?, bark ; (piX-upa, the lime tree, the bass underneath its bark, used for paper, for mats, for tying ' (§ 19); , to wreathe, crown ; Lat. balteus, belt. Lat. bwhulxus, oxherd ; su'bul'cus, swineherd (guard). cnreWal, assemblies (cf. /3e/X>;, § H). § 16. p 2 r 2 , p, 2 s 2 , flexure. fiapt]Ke?, fidfipiKes, die sich krummende (Benfey) ; fiepe-- Kvv9ai = po/ufioi (§6); fipoyos, snare, mesh; fipi behind. avoiriv, backwards; Kar'ainv, behind; Goth, afar, afta, behind ; ift'uma, following ; Eng. aft, after. Lat. puppis (redup.). av, airOi?, au'ris, back, again ; av're, again ; v-o-repos, after ; iro-Taro?, hindmost; Skr. ava, de ; avara, inferus, posterus, nearer (the under and the behind, thought as the reverse side); Lat. Avernus ; Skr. avara, ripa citerior (the further, para, vi. 20, is the more forward ; the nearer is behind it). a^'oppo?, back again. oppos, end of os sacrum ; 0. IT. Ger. ars ; Eng. arse ; ovpd, tail, rear ; ovpra-^o?, hinder part, butt end (i. § 1) ; ap-^6?, anus (i. § 1). § 17. p./ 2 , p 2 t 2 r 2 , enclosure. rn'ipa, wallet ; Tnjplv, scrotum ; Lat. pero, boot made of raw hide ; paries, wall of house ; pergula, porch, shed ; Skr. kar- jiara, cranium (§ 4) ; irdp-jULt], Lat. parma, shield ; Lat. re'perio, a.-perio, oyerio, covvperio (-per-, investing cover ; re-, turn back ; a-, open ; oh-, shut ; con-, complete inclusion, com- prehension) ; Goth, ferya, lier in wait. Lat. portions (cf. 7rao-ra?). 7ra7n;jOo?, papyrus (bark) ; fiup&a, hide ; (3ep(3epioi>, shabby garment; Lat. bracoe, fipdicai, breeches; Lat. furfures, husks; for'ma (investing surface). cpdperpa, quiver ; (poplvt], thick hide ; Goth, hrunyo, coat of mail ; (pupog, shroud, cloak ; ra?.da. irep-vrj<;, Trrepvis, bird of prey ; Lat. accipiter, hawk (§ 9). Skr. pura, pari, urbs ; irvpyos, tower ; (pup/cos, wall ; Goth. baurgs, city ; Eng. burgh. (ppdcrcrai, to enclose ; Goth, bairgan, to put in security, Ger. bergen (ippay = b'rag' , whence bairgan, Grassmann). Goth, barms, bosom (enfolding). Goth, ga-faurs, temperate (guarded : cf. Goth, vars, careful) ; ga/faurds, council (cf. vrithus, herd). Skr. paryva, the side (cf. paksa, § 35, .icrjyys, § 34. The idea seems to be the part covered by the flexible arm). § 18. t 2 l 2 , flexure, cavity. toXu7ti/, clew, ball ; TaXdaios, wool-spinning ; rdXapos, basket ; tcdp-raXXos, basket (§ 3) ; ra/rraX-o?, wicker vessel reXafxwv, bandage, belt; trKv m Ta\% a serpent (§ 28, flexile) ; Lat. scu'tale, thong (§ 28). OdXacrpov, meadow rue (flexile, cf. salix, &c.) Lat. talus, the ankle-bone ; talitrum, a stroke with joint or knuckle of finger (indicates that the idea of talus is joint or hinge) ; tolutim, on a trot (cf. triks, &c, § 20). adwwSuX-os, 'SvX-o7. shell-fish, muscle ; rij\i$, the herb fenugreek (leguminous, called in Lat. siliqua) ; TtjXe'cbcov, wild purslane (vi. 38, perhaps from thick skin; cf. -n-eTrXig, § 15); Lat. talla, peel or coat of an onion ; tilia, lime tree, its inner bark, bast (cf. (piXvpa, § 15); telvcardios, gemma colore cordis (shell-heart ?) ; telirrhizos, gemma candidis radicibus (shell- root ?) ; telancB, ficus atraa pediculo longo (thick skin ?). ooXo?, deceit ; Lat. dolus (concealment). § 20. tj\ 2 , t v r 2 , t 2 s 2 , flexure, intertexture, cavity. Skr. tor-ana, a bow, bow-shaped gate. Tpe-TToo, to turn ; rpoTr'aXXk, bundle, bunch (§ 10). Lat. I mho, whirl (cf. Tu enclosure. Spucra-o/uai (SpaKi/ofji.ui), to grasp ; Spaj^fi)'/, handful. Scopov, palm ; Irish, dearna, palm of the hand ; dcarnaim, I handle. Skr. tra, trai, servare ; Tijpew, to guard, watch, observe ; Tupcris, tower; Lat. t arris ; veic'rap (death-guard; iii. 31, drink of immortality ; cf. d/uL(3potria). o-repipos, Tepdio?, hide, skin, shell ; O^p/uo?, a kind of lupine. Lat. tergum, hide, back (beast's back covers like roof); —L-rup-iov, figure of it (figure = bounding line). 0o:pa£, breast-plate ; Opiytcos, fence, coping, cornice (boun- dary). Lat. atrium ; avrpov, cave (§ 6); ocr'Tpvfxov, stable (iii. 27). )opos, yoked with ; o-vvcopls, a pair ; Lat. serjperastra, bandages (§ 16); scro, to put in a line, entwine; series; sertum, a wreatli ; servva, ser'lva, a wreath ; re'serare to unlock; sera, bolt; prce'sert'im, first in order; scrmo, con- sec. 21.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. G7 nected discourse ; dis'scro, to discuss ; sar'do, to mend ; dp'TreS- ov>], cord, snare (§ 33). Skr. stoma, crooked. errJ—/;, tow ; S'k'tu'ov, net (§ 28) ; Ooo'/uuy^, cord, string (§ 38). , to surround, wreathe ; o-rpe(poo, to twist, turn : (TTpe(3\6s, twisted ; Lat. strihligo, a solecism ; ycravpdi, treasure (i. 1). § 24. /.,r,, t 2 p 2 , tju.„ /.,//.,. cavity, curvature, enclosure. Lat. tubus, a tube ; tuba, a trumpet. TJ(f)wi/, a whirlwind. Skr. tun, tund, curvum esse. Ouela, cup, mortar. Lat. atanuvium, earthen bowl used in sacrifices. Skr. teal/, skin; teaks, cutem accipere ; Karal'TVP, helmet without (pa\o? or Xdepos (k(xtcu strong form of kutu) ; av'TVp, rim (§ 6). Skr. d vdnta, obscuritas ; el'leara, piscator ; Slepao), search, dive for (cf. (pwpuvo, § 17); Xo(po$ ((tyo^o?), darkness; 'Q'p'- vpo9 ; west wind (£6], cri§>], pomegranate (characterised by its calix ; see Smith's " Dic- tionary of the Bible ") ; trefiiviov, case of flower and fruit of palm ; 6(f)o<;, Kvi(pas, darkness (v variously strengthened) ; Skr. nab' as, fog, the clouds, the sky (what encloses) ; Goth. ga'nipnan, to grow dark. Skr. hnu, furari eripere celare. kwI^ooo, to make dim the eyes (cf. (ricviCofiai). Lat. con'niveo, to close the eyes ; perf. -nivi or -nixi ; nivens oeulus, closing eye; nico, nicto, to wink; Skr. ni\ , meditari, to be absorbed (eyes shut); nitfd, nirf, nox (dark) ; "■iii^'am, semper (no night); n'tia, niger, dark-coloured (ni^la) ; Lat. niger; nmvus, a mole on the body, a spot. Skr. nahiam, noctu ; vukt-, night; vvyjx, by night; Lat, nox; Goth, nahts, Eng. night. Lat. nusci'tiosus, qui propter oculorum vitium parum videt (cf. luscns, § 55). § 27. S 2 p„,p 2 s 2 , flexure, intertexture. curvature ; strengthened in expression with the flexility of I or /■.,. o-7rupa6os, cnrvpds, crtpvpag, ball-dung ; crcpvpa, a hammer (round head); a-cpvpov, the ankle (round); v, wicker roof. ], catgut (flexile). ocrcpv?, loin, small of back (bend ; cf. l£ys, § 9) ; \J/-Ja, \froa, \Wa, muscle of loin ; Lat. cri'sp'us, curled, wrinkled (§ 3). Goth, spinnan, Eng. spin (cf. iri)vri). \|r/a0o9, rush mat. § 28. *,/•'.„ flexure, curvature. a-KooXv-WTO/uiat, to curve, wind (§ 50) ; arKoa'Xtj^, -i]K09, a worm, also = KoXoKv/na, § 1 (§ 46); trKV-raX'ri, a serpent (§ 18); Lat. scu'tal'e, thong (of a sling) ; scvfica, lash, scourge. aa-K-akafS'tarw, a lizard (§ 50, v. 23) ; doTfaXa/3o9, id. (§ 50). ««, niger ; tfydva, fuscus ; Lat. ccccus ; Goth. haihs, one-eyed ; Lat. codes (c-oculus ; cf. 'ji'>i< Triyyo?, the thread, the woof ; 7r}jve-\o^r, kind of duck (fibrous, nt]v ; fringe or brush, Xo7r, vii. 38). utt>]i'}], four-wheeled waggon (yoke) ; Xaix'ir^vri, waggon (§ 50). irdwucra, fillet (§ 32) ; Lat. panmis, cloth, rag, fillet ; Goth. fana, cloth, napkin. Skr. punar, retro, rursus (reversion) ; punk' a, pars pennata sagittae, the hindmost part of the arrow; Lat. pone,, behind. Lat. pandus, curved ; o-KoXo-TrevSpa, centipede, worm (^ 28). Skr. pani, manus ; Lat. pan'aricium, disease of the finger (vii. 30). Lat. funis, rope. § 31. p 2 n 2 , enclosure. ' pcn'es, in possession of; peni'tus, within; pene'tro, pewates. Trvavos, bean (cf. Kva/mos, § 5). 72 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. ii. Lat. pcenula, cloak. Goth, bansts, basket. § 32. r./.,, p 2 t 2 , ij 2 , i 2 s 2 , p 2 s 2 , vji 2 , yi 2 , v 2 $ 2 , ij: 2 , flexure, There is a partial closure in the utterance of i with adjacent parts unclosed. itvs, rim ; trea, willow (flexile, F-) ; Lat. vitis, vine ; vitex, a withy tree ; vitta, a fillet ; vatius, bow-legged ; vatrax, having bad feet. Lat. arb-ut-iis, wild strawberry tree (vi. 90) ; apicevOos, juniper (§ 48). Lat. fis'tul'a, reed, pipe (§ 18). Goth, ga'vidan, to bind; kuna'veda, chain (§ 6); bivindan, Eng. wind ; vandyan, to turn, Ger. wenden, Eng. mwm2 ; Goth. vandus, Eng. waw^, (flexile). Lat. vena. untd'o, arbutus (flexile) ; arundo, reed (§ 56). Skr. pra'vana, declivis, propensus ; Lat. pronus, 7rp->]vt]s ; ax - )/w;?, repulsive, averse ; Trpoa-ijvi^, attractive, disposed to. fiorpvq, cluster of grapes (§ 20) ; fioo-Tpv^os, curl or lock of hair (cf. oa-rXiy^. § 22). Goth, vithra, against; ith, but (on the contrary); i'buks, retrograde (§ 34) ; id- — Lat. re- ; idreiga, repentance. 7TTUa-jp-ii>6-o$, cord; Mp'iyy-, bristle (§ 42) ; IX'iyy-, a whirling ; "p-iyyes, veins (§ 12) ; ire'ip-ivd-, wicker basket (§ 16) ; Xufi-vp-- n'O-o?, labyrinth ; wviyy-, membrane (§ 39) ; aaX-n-iyy- a fish (§ 22); ao-rX-iyy-, oarXuyy- (§ 22), curled hair, tendril; kvX'ivSw, KuX-ivStojuai, to roll (§ 1) ; aX'ivS'ew, to roll (§ lOj ; fiacrr'ty-, whip (§ 38). Lat. scd'ix, willow (§ 22) ; ovp-lxps, basket (§ 22) ; Lat. saliunca, wild spikenard (§ 22); Lat. juncus, rush ; juniculus, old vine branch; jimiperus. § 33. r/.„ /•„/>.„ /'.,/.„ />.,//.,, enclosure. Skr. r«£, WMid, circumdare vestire ; 666i>t], fine linen (i.e., lit lor clothing): eWea, equipment; evtvvw, to equip. bkc. 34.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 73 Lat. arena, oats, straw (every grain of oats is enclosed in straw ). Goth, vaddyus, wall. fiovTi?, -kvtIvy], flask; (3aTiaK>i, a kind of cup; Kap'paT'tvij, shoe of undressed leather (§ 4) ; fiaira, peasant's coat of skin ; Lat. mdulus, leather portmanteau ; rr6i\ti } leather ; fievdo?, woman's dress : /jo/A'arr//, sheepskin with wool on ; ovSwv, Lat. lido, felt shoe. Skr. pat, ligare vestire ; 7rdro?, a rohe worn hy Hera ; Goth, fatha, fence. ireSt], fetter; up'TreS-ovrj, cord, snare (§ 22); Lat. per//////, shepherd's crook (catch) ; pedica, com'pes, fetter ; prcepedio, to fetter (any part of the body ; there is no peculiar reference to the feet): impedio; expedio ; compesco, to confine (com- p'e.dsco) ; dispesco to separate (by a boundary of each) ; avSpd'Trofi'ov, slave. ireoa = fierd, in the middle. Kptj-7rls, -Sag, boot, walled edge of river (§ 4) ; Lat. creyid'O, enclosure (§ 4) ; cre'pid'a, slipper (§ 4) ; dp-rrlq, pa-wis, kind of shoe (§ 53) ; Trt'crvyyos, shoemaker (iriS-avyyo?, vii. 7) ; ypa'TTis, -$os, slough of serpent (§ 4) ; Kpao-'ireS'ov, edge (§ 4). Lat. fid-el'ia, pitcher (§ 11) ; ttIOos, jar (cf. TrtOdicvri = (piSdicvri, Jjid', Grassmann). Goth, paida, garment : fodr, sheath. TrreXea, elm tree (cf. tilia, § 19). Lat. fosduSj treaty ; fetiales, ratifiers and guardians of treaty. Skr. rid, adipisci, in matrimonium ducere : eSvov, nuptial gift ; Lat. ras, -dis, bail. Skr. vad'u, bad'u, femina affinis; tjOelo?, trusty (kindred). Goth, vadi, earnest, appaj3a>i> ; aeOXov, aOXov, a prize (/aO, held in trust) : aeOXos, uOXo?, contest (for prize). cuvvfjiai, lay hold of ; vindcx, claimant (died). Skr. bad' , band', band, ligare ; band'u, affinis : TrevOepos, connection by marriage ; 7r«9, a^irag (i. § 32), all ; uttu-^, once for all (aira/tiff, iv. 7); e/x'Tr"?, on the whole (e^-Travrg, adv.); Trela-fxa, cable (cf. anrei'Sw, aTrelaw) ; Lat. viedi'pontus, thick rope (vi. 35). Goth, bindan, Eng. hind (b' and' , Grassmann). § 34. r /'.,, v 2 n 2 , p.ft.,, p 2 n 2 , flexure. Lat. vicia, fiiKtov, vetch (flexile) ; vicis, interchange (back 74 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap, il and forward) ; vinca, plant (flexile) : pervinca, periwinkle (§ 16) ; vincio, to bind ; Is, tvos, muscle, fibre, strength (fis) : vaccrra, wooden trellis. Skr. b'ug', flectere ; Lat, sam-bucus, elder tree (§ 42); al-lucus, asphodel (§ 50); (3a{3u£=ye]X v > ' 7ri JX v ' Grassmann). Skr. paks'man, pilus, cilium, floris fibra ; aT()u-(pa£i7n/£, fox (§ 51). Skr. pa, servare, tueri, sustentare, to watch, guard, look after (keep and keep up = cherish) ; irdofiai, get, ireiraft-ai, possess; dya-irdw, love (ayav, cherish much); efi"7ra-fia>v, in possession, the heir; en'ira-ios, possessing (an art or faculty); sir. 36.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 75 efj.7rd-fyiui.ai, to heed ; 7rwv, flock (tended) ; irolr], Ion. pasture ; iro'a, summer; ttoihi'iv, shepherd; iroifxvt], flock. iriar'o?, meadow ; Lat. jias-co, to pasture ; pa'bulum, fodder ; past r. Trui/uLa, cover, lid. Lat. ne'pos, a spendthrift. Tray is, a snare. £09, muzzle. dicpo-fivo-Tos, uncircumcised. 7r/- Skr. vye, tegere, vestire. i/xdriov, garment. § 37. vA v 2 py \P 2 ,Pv flexure. There is in sounding i a partial closure of the back part of the tongue while the fore part is unclosed. Skr. uy, texere ; ve, vap, texere ; at'fios, tangled bush ; ai/macria, material for tangled bush ; alfiuXog, wily (alfivXo-- 7rAo/co9, weaving wiles) ; uljulow, skilful ; v, yew ; Lat. eb'ulum, dwarf elder tree ; opulus, kind of viburnum ; oXk-1/3-109, Lat. alcib'ium, a plant = echium rubrum (§ 46, flexile ; cf. e'x l0V ) § 9)- § 38. m 2 n 2 , m 2 t 2 ,m 2 .s 2 , flexure. Lat. manus (flexile ; cf. Skr. 2 >ri) . 1 ^) ? manwbiee, proceeds of booty (manu habeo) ; menvbrum (flexile) ; [xovvos, v-avos, Lat. nn i, rile, necklace; /jluviukov, border of a robe ; [xavSaKq, band for hay ; Skr. mandala, orbis, circuitus. a-mentum, thong or strap for spear (vi. 82) ; ad'/uavO-, Lat. ccmit-, pole for spread- ing nets (vi. 82) ; rp^o'V-aves, a plant (flexile, vi. 9) ; 'inavr-, strap or thong (§ 22); d/xdva, waggon (yoke; cf. uttj'/v)]). jULucTT-i^, whip ; /mdcrdXt], thong. ^aa-ydXt], armpit. fidy- yuvov, axis of pulley, net. fxiro?, thread ; /uirpu, girdle ; fidra^u, raw silk ; L:it. motarium, lint. Lat. matta, mat; metclla, basket (intertexture). eX'/mtvO-, eX-fiiyy-, worm (§ 10); Lat. rerun-, worm; ver- min'osus, full of worms ; vermiwa, writhings from pain (§ 12) ; craXafxduSpa, lizard (§ 22) ; Owfxty^, cord, string (§ 22) ; /j-tp-p-iQ-, cord (§ 42). beo. 40]. GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 77 Skr. paks'man, pilus, cilium (§ 34) ; ro'man, pilus corporis ; reXa'/iMoov, belt (§ 18); trWrfjuav, Lat. staimit. thread, warp (i. 29) ; vimcn, osier (§ 37) ; a-Ka'fuev'la, kind of bindweed (§ 2 8). § 39. ///.,/'.„ enclosure. juLui'fipa, enclosed space ; /udvSuXos, bolt. fxavova?, woollen cloak; Lat. mantuelis, mantle-like; mantele, mantile, tablecloth ; mantelum, mantle; mantica, wallet, port- manteau ; mciiil'trn m, foresail (cf. cnriipov, o-iVapo?). fi*jviy£, membrane (§ 32); Lat. membrana (§ 17); v-fujp, membrane, skin (§ 25) ; Lat. o-men'tum, the caul, enveloping membrane (§ 25). Lat. mando, to put in charge. Lat. munire; mania; fivvtj, pretence (prse tendo) ; afwvco, to ward off; 7rd\'fA.vs, king (§ 15); Lat. munus, service ; munis, ready to be of service, obliging; munia, duties (functions of union); immunis, without office or duty; communis, Goth. ga'mains, common ; fivola, /mvma (Cretan), class of serfs or vassals ; afAvajuos, son or grandson (one of the family). w./.,, /"., s '.„ enclosure. Skr. mad' ya, medius ; /xtcro?, middle ; Lat. mcdius ; Goth. midya, id.; mith, in the midst; fxerd, with (amidst); Lat. meri'dics; mediastinus, common helper (present in the midst; cf. irpOfXl')] (T.Tll'Ol). Skr. onus, mux, f urari ; mum, mus ; Lat. mus, juup(pvo$, dark ; fxopov, mulberry; auKO-juopo?, the fig-mulberry; moro'diiies, stone of colour of leek (vi. 133); Lat. muruhis, black, dark coloured (shaded); murum, plant with black fruit; morns, mulberry beo. 17.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF QTTERANCE. 7'.) tree; maurella, unknown plant (probably of dark nature); morio, dark brown gem. § 44. m 2 p 2 , p 2 m 2 , v 2 m 2 , p 2 , flexure. apajn, Lat. am&ij about; a^icpov, harness; aMP'cjj cup, cap; ufX7ru^, head-band, cover of cup; a/AX-e^w, to surround. a[A7re\o9, vine. Lat. pampinus, tendril of vine. /3eV/3i, shade, darkness ; Lat. Incus ; ludus, a fish, perhaps the pike (lies concealed, lucius obscuras ulvo ccenoque lacunas obsidet) ; Goth, liugan, Eng. lie, ^evSecrOac ; laugnyan, to deny ; ga'laugnyan, to conceal ; gaiiginon, to get an advantage by deceit. Xmos, wolf (cf. lupus, § 51, raptor). § 48. rJc, flexure. Lat. arms, Goth, arh'vazna, arrow (vii. 25, bow-dart) ; apic- ev6o?, juniper (§ 32) ; appixos, basket (wicker, intertexture) ; appi^aofxai, to cling to (flexile attachment) ; pax<>s, twig ; -TrepippaKiSeg, surrounding twigs. apKavrj, bars on which threads of warp are fastened (instru- ment of intertexture ; cf. irepKava, § 16). poiicos, crooked ; Lat. lumb'ricus, worm (§ 50). Lat. ruga, a wrinkle (cf. purls, § 56). § 49. r Jc' 2 , r .s o , enclosure. Skr. arg , rig , colligere acquirere. apaKos, leguminous plant (podded) ; apcucij, a cup ; apd^ova, leguminous plant. payfa; enclosure, prison ; apicvs, a net ; Lat. rica, veil. Lat. area, Goth, arka, chest ; Lat. orca, a tun ; urceus, a pitcher ; vpx'h a j ar - pl/t'>/, a waggon (§ 30) ; Lat. lampetra, lamprey, a fish like an eel; Lat. limbics, border, fillet, noose ; In uihn s, luinb'ri'cus, worm (§ 48) ; o-KuvXinr'ToiuLui, to curve, wind (§ 28); acr/raAa/3-o?, lizard (§ 28); a]?, lizard SEC. 53.] GROUNDS OF THE SECOND PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 81 (§ 28, v. 23) ; aXdfiw, a fisli of the Nile ; Lat. albucus, stalk of asphodel, the plant itself (§ 31); alb'uelis, a kind of vine (§ 10) ; alansa, shad, kind of lamprey ; lorum, thong ; laurus ; lab' in- wu in (§ 12); la/misfit, wild vine (§ 5G). Xe/3»/?, kettle, basin. Skr. w£ra, cavum, uterus ; Lat. alvus, belly ; alvcus, a hollow ; olvatum, mensuras genus. § 51. /„£>„, Lv 2 , enclosure. AoTTo?, Xevrh, scale, husk ; Xocpvls, torch made of vine bark ; Xe7T|Oo?, scaly ; XeVa>, to peel ; Xefi'wOos, kind of pulse (vi. 58) ; \o(36?, pod, scale, what scales off; Xeir'vp'ov, shell, husk, rind (§ 13); \e(3'}ip'!$, slough of serpent (§ 13); /coXAo\J/-, thick skin (vi. 5). Lat. lupinus (having pods) ; Tiber, bark ; Xw7ro9, Xwx>/, covering, robe, mantle. \avpa, alley, defile; \/Xt\|/-, shoe ; am/Xf7ro9, vjiXittov?, -ovv, shoeless. oXirrj, leathern oil-flask. Skr. lab', obtinere ; \afx(3di/co (Xa/3-), to take.; \iiui.'/u.a, premiss taken for granted, Lat. lemma. Skr. lup, furari ; lopay^aka, fox (§ 35) ; «Xw7ro9, aXeo7r>/£, fox; Lat. vulpes, fox (§ 11); Lat. lupus. Lm„, enclosure. Lat. idmus, the elm tree (cf. 7nreXeu, § 33); Irish, leamh, elm ; leamhan, elm, the inner bark of a tree. | 52. r p 2 , r 7?? , flexure, curvature. o-'\^, wicker-work ; SafAa'p'nr'Trem, kind of fig (i. 34, thick interlaced); paifios, bent, crooked; pv/0;/9, true. aXvcrTUTai — T>]pel ; aXeij, Lat. rlieda, waggon; Lat. rota, wheel. poSdv>], thread ; poSavds, flexile ; irepippijorjs, bent around ; Lat. redo, boneless fish like lamprey ; rudens, rope ; restis, rope ; rete, net ; ratis, raft (intertexture) ; retm, plants in the bank or bed of a river ; red-, re-, back ? again. opS>]fxa, clew or ball ; opSeiXov, pumpkin ; XopSos, bent back. purls, a wrinkle ; pvcycros, wrinkled ; ptOos, limb (flexile). Skr. ara, rotae radius. apov, Lat. arum, a plant (its names imply flexility, as natter- wurz, SpaKOVTiov) ; apla, an evergreen tree. Skr. ro'nian, pilus corporis (§ 38). Goth, raus, a reed; Lat. arund'in-, id (§ 32); ruscum, butcher's broom ; Kefr pecans, bryony (§ 6). Lat. lab'rusca, wild vine (§ 50). § 57. r 2 n , ? 2 r 2 , enclosure. pivo?, skin. Lat. irnca, jug (§ 4) ; erneum, placenta cocta in irnea fictili ; urna ; Laverna, goddess of theft ; lavemiones, thieves (vi. 96) ; lucerna, lamp (vi. 123); tab'ema ; cavema ; cist'ema. apvu'iuai, to secure, earn ; julcrO'apvos, juiaOappeco, to earn, pay ; Goth, arniba, securely. \dpva^, chest, urn ; XdpKos, basket. § 58. n 2 t 2 , ?i .oVto?, return ; vcotos, back (reverse side). Gotb. nota, stern. Skr. anu, post, secundum. vdpOt]^, a tall cane-like plant (flexile) ; vdp'raX'os, a wicker vessel (§ 18). Lat. tran'senna, lattice, snare (§ 20). Gotb. snoryo, wicker basket. Lat. cox'end'ix, tbe bip (§ 9) ; clacend'ix, kind of shellfish (§ 2, shuts on a hinge). a'dvOa, kind of earring (ix. 27). CHAPTER III. GROUNDS OF THE THIRD PHASE OF UTTERANCE, WHOSE EXPRES- SIVENESS LAY IN THE CLOSURE BEING MADE WITH THE ORGAN, WHETHER TONGUE OR LIPS, IN A RELAXED CON- DITION. § 1. v.J.,, v L, softness, relaxation, weakness. irXad'apd^, fiXaS'apd?, flaccid ; (pXuo'aco, become soft or flabby ; (pXtS-dw, become soft, putrefy ; d(3Xa§-eco$, softly (Hesychius) ; 7rXdSos, moisture ; (3dXT)], a pool ; f3Xa£w (fiefi- XaSa), to be silly = fxoipaivw ', fiXiTas = lucopovs, dull ; /3Xfro'- jaujULjua?, booby (viii. 6) ; dfieXr'epo?, silly. (pavX'o?, (pXcarpos, poor, paltry, bad ; onro-(pooX-io$, empty, vain, idle. Lat. fri'vol'us (§ 2) ; titi'vill'itium, small trifle (§ 11) ; VwXefA.es, without relaxation (viffXe-fxes, cf. «/3XeyU?/?) ; Old Lat. vallescit =23ericrit (sci- = Skr. fut -sya-). /3Xa£, slack, lazy, stupid ; (3Xi]~£pdo?, kind of maccaroni ; ireXavos, half liquid mixture; Lat. puljpa ; 7r>;X-o9, clay; Lat. pdlius, marsh; 7n]X'aiu.u^, -1^09, kind of tunny fish (v. 22). a7raXo'?, soft, tender. Lat. blitum, kind of orach. TrXo/jLos, testicle (cf. ncfrones) ; op'fiivov, kind of sage, clary (juicy, and viii. 20, fragrant). Skr. vris, pi u ere, irrigare ; epa-rj (pepa*]), dew ; airo'epcre, washed away ; evpco?, mould, dank decay ; vp'n'/p, washer. acpopSiov, motion at stool {airo-fOpSiov). Skr. vris, irrigare (semine) ; vrisa, taurus, vris-ab'a, taurus (vi. 96) ; vrisana, scrotum, testiculus; vrisni, aries ; Lat. verres i male pig. Skr. ris'db'a, taurus (vi. 96) ; cLpcrijv, appyv, epcnjv, male ; eppaos, ram, boar ; Lat. arie's, ram (arre). upaa-^U, apea-^i], opecr-^d?, av poo-g'x? , vine laden with grapes (juicy, § 13) ; pd^, pu>£, -yo?, a berry (§ 13) ; Lat. raccmus, a bunch of grapes. S 3. m..I.„ relaxation, softness. Skr. mlai, marcescere; /uaxXepo?, weak, subdued (Hesych.) ; /jLuXKt], numbness (loss of power and life) ; fx&Xvs, feeble, sluggish ; /mi\(pai, falling hairs ; a/aaXog, soft, slight, weak ; a/uBXvs, dull, weak ; d/uL(3X[cnao, to bring on a miscarriage ; u/jL^Xoofxui, to be abortive ; u/ul(3Xvu>(T(t(o, to have weak sight (cf. oacre, vi. 124); Lat. molemonium, a plant that promotes vomiting. fxeXSco, to melt ; Goth, gamaltcins, loosening. /ueXeos, idle (without substance of utility) ; dve'fxwXios, vain (cf. iveos, &c, § 5) ; /uuXXos, slow. a> jmeXe, familiar address (unoccupied). Lat. re'mel'lgo, she that delays or hinders. fiaXcuco?, fxaXOaicos, soft ; /maXucrcrco, to soften, relieve ; it.aXa.yji, Lat. malm, mallow; mollis; jmaXXog, wool; n?]Xov, sheep; you/Van-;/, sheepskin (ii. 33); Lat. muUicius, soft; HietX-lo-a-co, to soothe ; Goth, milds, tenderly affectioned ; Eng. m lid. 88 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. hi. § 4. in t b r , relaxation, weakness. juoop-6?, dull ; Lat. more, foolishly ; morion, a narcotic plant ; morio, an arrant fool ; momar, Siculi stultum appellant. Lat. marceo, to wither, droop ; murcidus, slothful 5 micrrus, shirker of military service. murgiso, callidus morator, an advocate who spoke to gain time. Skr. mri, mori ; mriti, mriUju, mors ; martya, mortalis, homo; fxopros, (3poros, mortal; Lat. morior, mortuus ; /napaivw, cause to die away ; Goth, maurtlir, Eng. murder. Lat. morbus. Lat. mora. Skr. mris, to forget, neglect, bear patiently ; mrid, to be gracious, pardon. The soft yielding nature of water or moisture. Skr. mris, irrigare ; Lat. mas, maritus (cf. vris, &c, § 2) ; Goth, marzus, marriage ; Eng. marry. ixapiyrj, pudendum muliebre. Lat. mergo (cf. Skr. mag'g', § 25) ; mergus, diver. § 5. m 3 n 3 , m 3 , n 3 , want of substance. Old Lat. noneolce, papillae quas ex faucibus caprarum suppendent. iuav6$, loose, slack, scanty ; Lat. manes, ghosts (unsub- stantial) ; mania, mater Larium ; /xercc/xaVio?, vain (vanity in the midst) ; Lat. meivdicus, beggar (pleading want, died) ; Skr. manak, parum, paulum ; Lat. man'cus, defective. Lat. mini's, -a, -um, deficient; mina(ovis), smooth-bellied, no wool on belly; mina (mamma), lacte deficiens. p.ivv6$, small; juipu'copog, ■ short-lived (vi. 8); Lat. minor; ixivvdo), to diminish, perish ; fxlvwOa, a little (-vv — ran ; cf. vanus) ; Lat. miivister (-tcr correlative, vi. 9, strengthened with s-) ; Goth, mins, less. fxeMv, jueroTepo?, smaller, less ; Skr. mi, perire. vavvos, c«co?, a dwarf; vavvapiov, a prodigal (substance lost); Lat. dim. suff. -inn us. vevos, silly, dumb; veviiiXos, foolish, silly; Lat. lev en n a homo = levis homo ; eveos, speechless, useless, stupid ; uvea), still, silent (cf. aKecou, § 8); iveco, empty; Lat. inanis ; ave-- /uuioXios, vain (§ 3). sec. 6.] GROUNDS OF THE THIRD PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 89 Softness. /uvios, juvupog, juvoco9, soft ; /xvlov, moss ; /ulvoos, soft down ; /Avouves, soft hams. a/uvos, lamb; Lat. amnacum, a herbaceous plant. Relaxation, gentleness. Skr. mand, dorm ire ; manda, paucus, tardus, stultus ; man- day, cunctari ; mant'ara, languidus ; nai'Spayopw?, narcotic plant ; Goth, afmaindai, defatigati. Old Lat. mdnus = bonus ; man'suesco, to tame, grow mild (viii. 5) ; Goth, un'mana'riggvs, wild, fierce (vi. 94). m.Jy n 3 t , relaxation, softness. Skr. mat' , habitare. Lat. cata'mitus, scortum masculinum (§ 9). Lat. mitis ; medcor (soothe, relieve) ; yUOToV, lint for dressing a wound. Irish, maoth, tender, soft; math, good ; Goth, maithms, gift. fxaoao), to be moist, relaxed ; Lat. madeo ; tK'fxd?, -dSos, moisture (vii. 48). fxaOuXh, a sort of cup ; Lat. matula, pot, chamber-pot. vot'is, moisture ; votos, south wind ; notion (votiov), cucumis silvaticus. Goth, natyan, to wet. § 6. /,'.,/.,, relaxation. Skr. Mam, defatigari. Lat. clem' ens, gentle. Skr. glai, defatigare, contristare, to be loth ; ykavo?, v,*eak ; yXilvooTa, bad, worthless. /c/AXo?, ass (lazy ?). /cyXew, to charm, bewitch ; eKrjXos, euKtjXos (e/voyXo?, § 27), at one's ease; (3av'Ka\'uw, lull to rest (§ 27); aikXov, an evening meal (afiKKov, § 27). Lat. traivquil'lus (§ 13) ; Goth, hulths (yisari), to be propi- tiated ; Lat. in'quil'inus, lodger, sojourner. Goth, ana'qval, rest; Ang.-Sax., cvclan, necari ; Eng. quell. Skr. kalevara, cadaver (S 2). Lat. halo, helwcus, elucus, under effects of debauch ; heluo, glutton. yaX^vtj, a calm ; Bap-yi'/Xua, harvest festival (summer rest, vi. 133). ■^aXdco, to slacken; x a 'A'?> light-minded, unmixed wine (intoxicates). 90 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. hi. KoXeKavos, koXokuvos, lank. ^\/o), to be warm, delicate; xXiapo?, lukewarm; \1ap09, id., gentle ; ^Xiaa-jma, Xlaa-fxa, fomentation ; y^Xiaivoo, to warm ; XXtSi}, softness, luxury. Skr. Mid, lmmectari (relaxation of moisture) ; KXeirop's. § 7- ^W relaxation, gentleness, weakness. Skr. -)(ram, defatigari. Skr. g'ri, conteri, consumi, concoquere, digerere, senescere, to become frail, rotten, old, broken up, digested ; g'ri, senes- cere ; g'arat' a, ready to fall, old ; g'arat, senex, innrmus ; g'aras, g'ara, senectus ; yepwv, an old man ; ypavq, old woman ; yepaios, old ; yepcoia, council of elders (Skr. g'ara) ; yepav- <)pvov, old tree ; yi}paiua, yt'ipeiov, down on seeds (hoary) ; ytjpa?, old age; Skr. g'var, regrotare ; g'ur, contritum esse, senescere, occidere ; g'urv, occidere. Goth, quairrus, ?/ttio?, gentle. Kopevvv/j.1, to satiate. Lat. cicur, tame. Kapo$, heavy sleep, torpor. Skr. tiara, asinus (lazy ?). Skr. hri\, attenuare ; Lat. cracens, slender ; crodO'tilus, valde exilis (Fest.) ; Skr. kri%a } tenuis macer, comp. Jera^yas, sup. Icrasista ; icplvov, a lily. Lat. gracilis, thin, slender. Skr. hrasva, brevis, comp. hrasiyas ; ^ejO»/?, -^epeicov, -^e'pcoi', inferior. I 8. X' 3 , i y relaxation, stillness, want of substance. Skr. g'ya, tabescere, senescere, to be oppressed, to grow old, also to overcome, to oppress (thought in the effect) ; g'ai, perire ; hay, defatigari. Lat. jaceo, to lie (yay) ; lulvco, to warm, melt, cheer, heal, or save ; laofiat, to heal. Skr. x~i, jacere dormire ; Ker/nai, to lie ; 6peo"Koto?, dwelling on the mountains; Koirr}, bed; KOCfi'dw, to sleep; KWfxa, deep sleep; Kefifxa, lair of beast; Lat. qui'esco ; Goth, haui'tha, quietness. 0/009, unreadiness, sluggishness. aKi-pog, weak, faint. cucfiv, softly, stilly (accus. adv., i. 2) ; axewv, -oucra, still, soft ; sec. 9.] GROUNDS OF THE THIRD PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 91 <\k]iCfj.ov) ; iJkhttos, least. § 9. /.■„/.„ k.s., i.s„ k.,v.„ relaxation, stillness, decline. Skr. kit, habitare ; heta, domus, habitatio. Lat. bwcet'wm, place for oxen ; husticetum, place for tombs (vi. 40); olenti'cet'um, stinking place; -etum, suffix of place. Goth. hctJtyo, chamber ; haithi, uypog, Eng. heath (a place open for dwelling in) ; haithno, Eng. heathen. Goth, haidus, Eng. -hood, manner, nature (the settled ; cf. (loth, sidits, >/#o?). kiSvo?, uKiSros, weak, faint. Lat. catccmitus, scortum masculinum (§ 5). Skr. -)(ad, cadere, perire ; xat, x anc h asgrotare, tabescere ; I'andala, man of the lowest order; \at\ X"t'< pigrum esse. Old Lat. cussiliris = ignavvs (§ 34); Lat. cado, cadaver (§ 6). Skr. kgi, habitare ; kse'tra, field, campus. Lat. caster ia, place where sailors rested ; seli'quas'trum, seat (cf. sella). afjLCpCKTMv, -voov, dwelling around ; kti^m, to build ; cuktitos, well built; opi'KTiTi]?, dweller on the hills; kti\o$, gentle, tame. Skr. hsiv, habitare. Lat. civis ; Goth, hciva-, house. Skr. ksi, Jcsai, perire ; Lat. exrlis, small. Lat. cesso. Skr. ksudra, parvus, debilis ; k'ut Jc'unt, parvum; debilem esse; hunt', mutilatum, pigrum esse; hunt' a, segnis, tardus, piger. Skr. hya's, heri (-s adverbial) ; Lat. heri, hes'ternus. ■)(6e'9 e^Oes, yesterday ; x@ L X° ? > of yesterday (^0 inter- mediate between hy and hs). Goth, gistra,- dagis, Eng. yesterday. The roots hya or x@ e > and lies or gis, are akin to ksi, perire ; the k being aspirated, and in the former the s softened, and the idea being what has passed away. £e-vo?, guest; Lat. hosyes, guest (v. 41) ; Goth, gasts, Eng. guest. The roots are like the above, with the double letter resolved in Latin and Gothic ; the idea being rest. 92 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. m. 5 10. sjc , s , relaxation, weakness, decline. Lat. scutilus, tenuis, inacer (cf. Skr. ksudra, § 9) ; (3epe- a-^eOos, booby (§ 2). crKe\i(pp6s, ?); arui, is satiated; «ro9, uutos, insatiate. sec. 13.] GROUNDS OF THE THIRD PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 03 TariKog, terrible ; Lat, titer, loathsome, hideous. tcedet, it causes weariness or loathing. S 12. /./.„ s a LL, relaxation of warmth, tenderness, weakness. OoXttoo, daXvco, to soften by heat, warm, cherish ; OaAvicpos, hot, glowing. ctTaAo'?, tender, playful ; aTaWco, utituXXw, to treat tenderly, play ; njXuy'eTos, cherished ; Goth, thlaq'vus, tender ; thlaihan, embrace, comfort. Lat. iivdulgeo. OeXyw, to enchant, re A/xa, swamp (soft). tuXis, damsel marriageable ; Lat. tahrsio, invocation on bride's entry. Lat. talvpcdo, to be weak in the feet. Goth, dads, foolish; Eng. dull, dolt; Goth, dvalmon, to be mad. Lat. stultus, foolish, silly ; stolid us, dull, inert. Old Lat. stlcmbus, slow. S 13. t.r , s./j\., relaxation of full satisfaction, of torpor, softness, crumbling, moisture, weakness. Skr. trip, trimp, Primp , satiare, exhilarare ; rep-jra), to satisfy, delight ; fxao-Tpo7ro$, pander (viii. 2) ; Lat. triumpe, invoked by Arval priests in procession; triumphus ; Op'afxftos, hymn to Bacchus; SrOvpa/ufio?, id. (Skr. div, ludere + Opafxft, akin to triiap). Goth, thrafstyan, to comfort. ()6p-7rov, dinner. Lat. torpeo ; tranquillus (§ 6) ; tardus. SapOui'co, to sleep; Skr. drai, dormire ; Lat. dormio ; draucus, effeminate. Lat. doris, anchusa languidior ; aSdpKt], salt efflorescence ; Lat. adarca, spongy gi*owth. rspyv, tender ; repdfxcov, soft, tender ; Lat. tiro. a-repyw, to love, have pleasure in, be satisfied with (relaxa- tion of enjoyment). Spvirira, over-ripe olive ; Spd(3>i, a plant with leaves like laurel, but soft (Facciolati). Lat. tropis, the lees of wine ; Tpuj*, -yo$, id. (sediment, droppings). 94 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. hi. repefiivOo?, turpentine tree (i. 18, exudation) ; dr-rapuyo?, crumb of bread (dp'rdpayos, dropping of bread ; dpros). Opl-Sa^, lettuce (soft, juicy); ai't^a^A?;, purslane; § 2 )- Lat. subo, to be in heat, to brim (moisture) ; crvfids, (rvft- dXXa?, lustful ; 'i, silence (quietude). bec. 17.] GROUNDS OF THE THIRD PHASE 01 UTTERANCE. 95 Skr. sum, consolari, blandiri, sedari ; i"ifj.'epos, tame, gentle. Skr. ram, so delectare, stand still ; Crram, quiescere ; ypefiu, gently; Goth, rvmis, rest. § 15. t 3 2^ 3 , s 3 t s p s , t 3 r. . f.,m.,, relaxation, of softness, moisture, decline, of loss of power. Lat. tofus, tuff-stone (of earthy consistency) ; rocpieov, tuff- stone quarry. ri(pog, pool, pond, swamp. $€U(d, to wet, drench ; Seicra, moistness (perhaps dcesa, from a root, dvis, cf. dvis, Sis, i. G, which would be a stronger form of Skr. vis, conspergere) ; Sialvco, to wet ; aSiavrov, maiden- hair fern (does not take wet). tuvtXo?, mud, dirt. Ovdo), subare (§ 14); Ovana, wantonness; Skr. d'ava, vir, maritus (cf. purusa, § 2 ; mas, § 4). Skr. devara, derri, Lat. levir, Scujp (Satf)]p), husband's brother (deva, probably means husband, from a root div, akin to §ev(ti, Selo-a, &c, and -ra or -ri, a suffix of kindred ; cf. tri, vi. 9). Lat. tabco, to waste away. 0a,u/3o9, Odirog, Ta(po$, amazement ; re6t]7ra, I am amazed. Goth, daubs or daufs, Eng. deaf ; dobnan, to become dumb ; dumbs, Eng. dumb. Skr. stub', immobilem fieri ; (TTv, to seat, sit ; ISpuco, to seat ; Goth, sitan, Eng. to sit ; satyan, Eng. to set. Goth, sutliyan, Eng. to soothe ; sutis, mild. Lat. sodalis, comrade, boon companion ; Irish sadhail, plea- sure, good house. Skr. as, sedere ; lifxai, to sit ; ija-vx'o?, still ; Lat. anus (asms). Old Lat. asa, Lat. ara, altar (Curtius, cf. eSpai, Od. III. 7). Skr. as, esse ; elp.1 (eo-juu), to be ; idco, Ep. eidco, to let (-aw transitive, eo"doo) ; Lat. s - ^m, esse, cram, cons-ens, prccs'ens, ens (cscns) ; ovcrla, being (etr'ovTia). Lat. srwo, to let, leave ; svtus, lying situate. Goth, azet'crba, easily. § 18. s.J 3 , l 3 , relaxation, quietude, softness. Lat. solor, to soothe. Lat. sella, eXXa, seat ; solium, seat ; selvauastrum, kind of seat or stool (§ 9) ; ex'silium, ex'sul, con'silium, consul, consulo, 'jirccsul ; Goth, salyan, to abide, to offer (propitiate); e'Xeo?, pity ; 'IXao?, propitious ; Goth, anasilan, to be still ; Lat. soleo ; Goth, slavan, to be still, silent ; slepan, Eng. to sleep ; Goth. silda-leih, amazement (relation, i. 26). Lat. sileo, silvcern'mm, funeral feast (root of sileo + that of ccena, cesna, x. 4); eXX'o?, eXXo\J^, -otto?, mute (ty, voice); eXXefiopos, hellebore (fiopd, food, sedative to eat) ; eXlvvoo, to take rest. Eng. slough, slob ; Old Norse, slapp, limus, lutus. eXo?, marsh, meadow ; eXecTTnV, marsh lands (vi. 40) ; eiXvs, morass; iXus, mud; elXcicpivris, pure, clear (tcpiM, mud sepa- rated); creXivov, parsley (eXed0p€7rroi', II. ii. 776); Lat. silaus, apium palustre. S 19. IJ", rjc.„ l.„ /„•<;.,, relaxation, softness of liquid. Xe'^co, to lay ; Xeyo/xcu, to lie ; Xe^o?, a couch ; Xo^o?, a sir. 20.] GROUNDS OF THE THIRD PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 97 lying ;~aXoYOS, spouse; \6yjxti t lair, thicket; lego, to commis- sion, demise (lay) ; lex, law (settled, lay down the law) ; supel'lex, furniture (super'lectilis, what lies on, i.e., on the floor) ; lectus, a bed ; pollingo, to lay out a corpse (pro lingo). Goth, ligan, Eng. lie. Lat. licet, it is allowed (relaxation of restraint) ; lieeo, to be for sale, to offer at a price (cf. Eng 1 . let = let go the possession) ; liceor, to bid, to price ; polliceor, to promise (pw-liceor) ; Goth. leihvan, to lend. Xayapos, slack ; Xuyyul^w, Xoyyufy, to slacken ; Xayoov, flank ; Lat. laxus. Lat. langueo. Xvto, to loose; Lat. luo, to release; .str/ro (iv. 19); lues, pin- ing disease ; Goth, fra'liusam, Eng. /W ; laus, Eng. /oose. A)/yco, to cease. Skr. It, solvere ; Xoi'fxos, plague ; Lat. le'twm, death. Lat. liquco, to be liquid, to dissolve, hence to clear ; liquor ; col'Ucice, col'liqu'ice, elices, drains ; e'lixus, thoroughly boiled, soaked through ; lixo, to boil ; lixivus, made into lye. XiySos, melting-pot or mould. (TKv(3e-XiT>i9 (ou'09), wine in Galatia which has run from the grapes without being pressed (probably a Galatian, i.e., Celtic, word = Irish subh'lach, subh'led, expressed juice, of which the first part is siibh, juice, and the second akin to leagh, high, to melt, liqueo ; lack then corresponds to lixivus, which wine made in this way was called in Latin, mustum lixivum). Lat. deiicice, deiicatus, de'lecto, obiecto ; Goth, leikan, Eng. to like ; leikeis, lekeis, physician (soothes) ; Eng. leech, id. Lat. luxus ; poliuceo, to serve up (pro. and root of luxus). Lat. reprices, waterings of garden (§ 24). Lat. rigo. Goth, rign, Eng. rain (cf. f^pe^w, § 2). Xd-vvrj, soft woolly hair, down. apdyj'}], cobweb, spider ; Lat. arauca, id. ptjyos, peyo?, blanket ; apye'Xo(poi, the feet of a sheepskin (vii. 38). S 20. Ln , r a n Q , Lm a , rest, softness, laxitv, wet. O 3 3' 8 .3 8 8' ' ' * ' Goth, afiimuoi, to cease. Af/fo?, wool ; Lat. lana, wool. 98 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. hi. apvos, lamb ; prju, sheep, lamb ; upvig, -iSos, festival at Argos in honour of linus (qu. Xtjvog ?) Goth, lamb, sheep, lamb; Eng. lamb. Lat. laminm, dead nettle (without sting). Lat. lemures, ghosts (without substance ; cf. larva, § 34). Lat. lentils, pliant, viscous, sluggish ; lenHscus, mastich tree (i. 18). Xlfx-vrj, lake, marsh ; Xifi'Tjv, harbour, creek ; Xeifi'wv, moist grassy place ; Ae//ra£, meadow, garden ; Xe/ifva, water-plant. S 21. Jcji., kjn , m.„ softness, relaxation. a-vyij, foam, down ; ^voo?, foam, down. Lat. agnus, lamb. KrjjiA.o?, cctton weed. Skr. x a,n > se ^ari ; KafjLvw, work one's self weary, be worn out. Lat. com/is, kind; can'dacus = suavis mansuetus. uyavo?, mild, gentle, kindly. Skr. kana, tenuis, exilis, parvus ; kcvos, empty ; Skr. x'unya, vacuus, inanis ; a-y^unya, totus, universus (a- neg.) ; Goth. hauns, humble, of small account ; xaui/09, loose, flabby, empty. KvaxTcro), to slumber. Goth, hnasqvus, soft. § 22. & 3 7? 3 , p % , relaxation, softness. Skr. hap a, tragheit, laziness (Benfey, Gr. W. ii. 159) ; Kt}(pi'iv, a drone ; Kwcpo?, dull. Lat. hebes, dull. kottos, trouble, fatigue ; khttos, a7ro9, fatigue. Sj-n-e'Savos, weakly. V7Ti09, gentle. /"n/9, courteous, kind. L&t.pius; pwpi'tivs. iraidv, 7rai(*)i>, iraii)oov, the healer, hymn to him. Lat. favco, to favour ; foveo, to cherish. iravd), to stop, cease. 5 23. //,/', weakness, softness of moisture. n;-ecWo9, weakly ; initio?, weak, silly, young ; ^Xia^ojj id. Lat. nebulo, a worthless fellow. Skr. ninv, irrigare ; Lat. nimbus, rain, rain-cloud. »>coo9, kidney ; Lat. nefrones, testiculi. sice. 20]. GROUNDS OF THE THIRD L'HASE OF UTTERANCE. 99 § 24. rJ, r g , soft yielding nature of moisture, relaxation. Skr. unlc, madidus, humidus ; upt)6loo, ipQ'ivoo, to decay; (p9d)], decay; (pOelpo), to corrupt. Lat. petilus, thin, slender. (3dSo/nai, to love, have pleasure (Hesych.) ; fiaoas (Hesych. ), fiuTaXo?, cimedus ; Lat. betizare, to languish ; beta, beet (lan- guidior tenera beta- — Catull.). 7r60os, longing, regret. 100 GREEK, LATIN, AND OOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. mi. o\^/e, late (delay, decline). Trai, village (yas'ya, vaya) ; yov, chamber (yasyam, vayam) ; virep-- wiov, upper chamber; oa-rpcfxov, stable (ii. 21); e(3aa) = eaw (feo-aw, e/raw). Goth, ins, at ease. Lat. ves'per (time of rest, vi. 27) ; ea-irepa, evening ; Eng. west ; Lat. vesjnces, dense shrubberies (from vesper, dark). Gotk. visan, to be, remain; past, vas, Eng. was; vis, a calm ; vizon, to live. Skr. us, aegrotum esse ; Lat. vescus, weak, small. u-ea-a, I slept {afeaa) ; awrew, to sleep ; evSca, to sleep ; eirvi), a bed; e m Krjho$, euvcifAoy, at rest (§ 6); Lat, o'tium ; fiuvfidoo, to lull asleep, to fall asleep (redupl.) ; fiaVKoK-dw, lull to rest (*$ 6) ; 0-1/0 '-fiuvvos, pigsty ; oukXov, an evening meal (apacXov, § 6). aa>'TO$, linest wool, used as we use "flower," to denote the best of its kind; Skr. avi, ovis ; oi's, sheep; Lat, oris (av, softness of wool) ; oravTrrj, grease of wool (i. 15) ; Goth, avethi, tiock of sheep. § 28. p.J* y p.ji.,, i:,k v relaxation, soitness. Lat. piger, sluggish; pigeo, to feel reluctance, dislike. ftaKcXo'i, eunuch ; fiavicos, nice, affected. bkc. 31.] GROUNDS of the third phase of UTTERANCE. 1 hi eiKw, to yield (petKw) ; Ger. weichc/i, id. Lat. focus, drone bee. Lat. bigerrica, woolly (cf. fiupiyoi, &c, § 2). Lat. fcex, dregs (cf. ercbdico?, crdiuKeXos, &c, § 14); fungus (cf. cr.,»>,,, c'ui. v.n a , relaxation of deficient sub- •J -'■oJJJJ J«J Jo stance or force. irav-poi, few ; 7ruv-pog, little; Lat. paxi'ci ; pawlus, little ; pawx'illus, very little; paws'illulum, id. ; pws'us, pwl'us, little boy ; pws'a, little girl ; pws'illus, very little (c and s strengthen the ground with a similar expressiveness, §§ 26, 28); Goth. /avSj Eng. /ei#. Lat. pup'us, a boy ; pup'a, a girl ; ^?a?/jp er, poor. fiatos, little. Lat. pum'ilus, diminutive; punvula, kind of vine; punvcx, pumice-stone (from its lightness and want of substance. The Irish word for it is mion'cMoch, light stone; wno?i, little = ww, &c, § 5). Skr. vama, laevus, sinister ; vamana, brevis, pumilus, nanus. Lat. vanus, empty ; Skr. una, deminutus, minus, debilis ; una'vi%ati, novem-decim ; Goth, vans, wanting; Eng. wane. § 30. nj , njo, n . relaxation, rest, refreshment. I'vOos, dumb ; i>oo6i]S, sluggish. Skr. nad, cadere ; nada, arundo tibialis. vtfSvfjLos, Homeric epithet of sleep ; Old Norse, nadhir, rest ; Ang.-Sax. nedhan, to sleep. Skr. nlda, nidus, lair ; Lat. nidus. Goth, ga'nisan, to be saved; nasyan, to save ; Ger. genesen, to recover; vos'tos, sweetness, pleasantness. Goth, ansts, favour. ewp'/s, kind, gentle. § 31. njc , n 3 v 3 , n % r , relaxation, insensibility, waiit of sub- stance. vco/cap, sleep ; jwy^A?/?, sluggish. 102 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. nr. Skr. ndkTc, necare, destruere ; veKpos, dead ; veicvs, a dead body ; Lat. neco ; veic'rap, the wine of the gods (death-guard, ii. 21 ; cf. afj.3poana). Goth, naus, a dead person. Lat. naucum, trifle ; nvgce. vapKrj, numbness ; vapKicro-os, daffodil (narcotic) ; ovap, a dream. § 32. l^j , ?y> , relaxation, want of substance, yielding to gravity. Xairapos, slack ; a\a-Ka(w, to empty ; \aira6ov, kind of sorrel which acts as an aperient (laxative) ; Aaxj^ai^, kind of wild cabbage (alvum lenit et mollit). \ei(3co, e'//3co, let flow, drop ; Lat. libo, id. ; lijppus, blear- eyed (dropping) ; labo, to totter, waver ; labor, to glide, fall. \w(paco, to rest, abate. Skr. alpa, parum, paulum, exiguus. Ae7TTO?. fine, thin, weak. peTTco, to sink ; poTrakov, poirTpov, club (heavy end) ; epenrw, to tumble ; KaXairpo^, shepherd's staff (ii. 2) ; crKij-pLir-rco, to prop (vi. 63). § 33. l 3 t 3 , l.^Sy relaxation, soothing. Lat. lito, to do a propitiatory act ; Ang.-Sax. lidlisyan, mitescere. Lat. lassies ; sub'lest'us, infirmus tenuis ; Goth, lasivs, weak. Goth, lots, lazy ; Eng. late, last ; Goth, let an, leitan, Eng. let (permit, let go). XoicrOos, last (kooricrOos ?). Lat. lethusa, white poppy. aXOaia, mallow (§ 3). § 34. l.j)' y l, 3 , r y rj s , relaxation, want of substance or force. Lat. lar, dwelling, home. Xeipos, thin ; Xetpiov, lily ; Lat. lilium. \>ipo9, Lat. lirce, trifles ; Old Lat. cussiiiris — ignavus (§ 9). Lat. larva, ghost, mask, skeleton. Lat. lora, thin wine made of grapes that have been already pressed. Lat. varus. Goth, riurs, corruptible. apaios, line, slight ; upnfxei'os, worn out ; ap'tcrrepa, left skc. 34.] GROUNDS OF THE THIRD I'll ASK OF UTTERANCE. 103 hand (-icrTepos, correlative) ; peia, easily, lightly ; pa'6vp.os, light-hearted ; pa'Slos, easy ; a'ppwros, unrelaxed. ejow'fft), relax effort. pao'ivo?, slender. Goth, roths, easy. CHAPTER IV. CROUNDS BELONGING TO THE FOURTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE, WHOSE EXPRESSIVENESS IS IN THE PARTING OF THE ORGANS AFTER CLOSURE. § 1. t,, tfc, t iVi , y 4 , t^, partition. Skr. da, day, dd)(, das, dare ; SlSoofxi, to give ; Surpov, gift ; Lat. do, dano, to give ; do'num ; do's ; Sdvos, gift, loan ; Lat. dardaivarius, second-hand dealer. Skr. day, to divide, participate ; Saiw, to divide ; daifioov, god (as distributor of fortune) ; Sals, a meal (shared) ; Salwfii, to give a feast ; Sa'tTco, cleave asunder. Scrnjp, divider ; Sao-fxo?, division of spoil, impost. Goth, tahyan, to scatter. Skr. di%, largiri. Lat. de ; dis-, di- ; Goth, dis-, id. (d is t in Sax., z in Ger.) ; Sid, through, division, succession ; Siafyfxai, to set up the warp ; Siacrfxa, the warp (division of the threads into the two sets through which the shuttle goes) ; Siarro?, a sieve. <)tu>, Sevoo, to want ; Sto/aai, Seuoiual, to want, beg ; Set, there is need. t>]tuu>, to bereave. Skr. -d' a, -d'yam, suffixa partitiva ; ScoS&ca'Oeov, having twelve ingredients ; 600/1, penalty. Lat. tesca, tesqua, sequestered places. § 2. ^ 4 w 4 , partition. Te'/xwo, to cut ; T/utja-ig, cutting, division ; tojuu'i, cut ; rfi^yo\ to divide ; raft-las, dispenser ; up'Ta/ui.0?, butcher, cook (i. 26) ; Te'/««X 0? > a slice ; re/uevo?, land set apart ; To/ii-oupos, TOfi'apos, priest at Dodona (perhaps guardian of refxevo?, ii. 13); Lat. templum, place set apart, piece of timber ; coniempl'or, view as 104 bkc. 5.] GROUNDS OF THE FOURTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 105 from an augur's station ; ex'templo, on the spot (out of the very place). Lat. ton'de'o, to clip {-de-, § 1). § 3. »j/",, partition. Skr. nema, dimidius, theil (Bopp, V. G., ii. 62). I'efxo), to deal out, to pasture (giving share to each) ; vc/ach;, Lat. nanus, a glade ; l'o/xo'?, pasture ; vo/mos, custom, law (assigned right), measured strain ; vefxeo-is, retribution. vco/mau), to distribute, manage ; Lat. numus, piece of money ; nunverus. § 4 - n ±> ? 7 ? 4' W A> 7 \ s i> ? W m i> reraotion » negation, stripping. Skr. na^', to be lost, vanish, come to nothing. avev, without, away ; avevOe, id. ; apt?, Bosot. for avev ; uva-, av-, a-, neg. ; Skr. «-, an-, neg. ; avcuvoficu, to deny (-ati'-, verbal suffix); ai/a'eATrro?, unhoped; ava'eovos, without presents; ava"7rvev °v> n °t I Lat. vaco ; "LOG GREEK, LATIN, AXD GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. iv. Goth, uh't'eigs, at leisure, unoccupied; uhteigo, opportunely (at an unoccupied time) ; uht'vo, empty time, interval of quiet. The elements vi, vin, expressing separation, the former strengthened with -va (§ 6), seem to have furnished roots for unity. From viva might come Zend aeva, Skr. elect (by change of w to k), olo? alone, 'io$ one. From vin might come olvo?, 6V09, the ace; Old Lat. emus; Lat. unus, -ien~s, -ie's, numeral adverbs (s adverbial, i. 9); Goth, aim; Eng. one ; Skr. na'van (na one + van deducted) ; Lat. no'vem ; evvea ; Goth, niun ; Eng. nine. evwis, bereft. § 6. p^, pfa, 2Y± ■ 'VV l\"i< l \ n V v fv 'V separation, reso- lution. Skr. apa, ab, a-wo \ Lat. ab, absque (§ 8), airs (strengthened with s of similar meaning); Goth, af, from; Lat. ab'avus, ab'amita, ab'nepos (ab, great-great-, remotion) ; Skr. apara, alius (-ra transition, vi. 9) ; >)7rep-07r'eus (o^), a cheat. Skr. pik'Y, scindere; Lat. pce'min'osus, full of chinks; Skr. piV, to divide meat; pi^'ita, meat cut up. OTn'i, a hole; 07rea?, an awl. Skr. pale', pan'k\ explicare, to explain, 10 cl. expandere, extendere ; paiikti, linea, series ; pan k' 'an, quinque (a definite series, see below). Skr. b'ag', dividere ; b'aga, portio ; b'rui'g', frangere. Lat. pagus, a district. Lat. frango ; pi'iyvv/ni, to break (fpiiyvv/xi) ; pijyfxiv, the sea breaking on the beach ; Goth, brihan, Eng. break ; Skr. vrarfk', scindere, abscindere. aypujui, to break (f«7) ', ukt)'/, broken corn, groats, meal ; Lat. vo'mer, ploughshare (vag'mar, § 1G). Skr. vat, rant, vancl, distribuere, dividere. irivTe, Lat. quinque, irefxire, Goth, fimf, Eng. Jive. The last four seem to imply an original vanva, the first ranted with loss of second v. From the v, or rather w, came qu and it. But the meanings are so similar, and the cerebrals and palatals so close to each other, that vant seems to be only another form of />, to count (7r^7re). si:c. 7.] GROUNDS OF THE FOURTH PHASE OF UTTERAN* !E. 1 1 1 , The element vant or va, expressive of division or distribution, is to be seen also in Skr. X"X rt " 1 ^ ever-recurring (vi. 65) sa/rva quivis (§ 7), oij^avr-, rpi^uvr-, Sicilian coins = two and three ^iXkoi, Lat. triens, quadrans, sextans, octans, v being dropped in the latter. Skr. vid'a'vd, vidua (yidf , separation, strengthened with va) ; rjtOeos, bachelor (fi6efo 4 , Z' 4 , .y/ 4 , -y/> 4 , s 4 , division, singling. ko.uvo$, a lot (division) ; kovtos, short; Skr. k'un, to cut off. Skr. ay{, dividers; a\a, pars portio ; Lat. art us, a definite length, standard unit of length =120 feet ; acn'wa, unit of sur- face = actus quadratus (Skr. a/%, strengthened with -ra, § 6) ; acna, id. ; atcaiva, a ten-foot rod ; Lat. v/ncia, ts (division, on the duodecimal system). Lat. as, assis, unit of weight and of measure ; dccussis, ten asses, and the number X, with which that piece was marked. -/a - ? 7roXXa'/c<9, &c. ; Skr. Jce'vala, totus solus (ii. 11). -/cor?, av$pa'K(x-$, man by man (s adverbial, i. 9) ; avSpa'Kas, man's portion ; Skr. -xa's, X a - a 'X ( ' s > ^7 hundreds ; cKarepos, each of two, (-Tep- step of transition between two, vi. 9) ; tA'a, Goth, ahtau, Eng. eight. Skr. da'x'an, ten (dva, x'""> second division or unit) ; Lat. decern ; deni, by tens; Scku, Goth, taihun, Eng. ten ; Skr. X" f "^ €ko.tov, Lat. centum (d<'X"uda-^a/i abbreviated, -fa, -rov, and -turn being demonstratives in which the number is thought as an aggregate) ; Lat. cand'etum, area of 100 feet (iii. 9). 108 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. iv. Goth, -lif (ain'lif, eleven, tva'lif, twelve) is a remnant of da^ah, softened and abbreviated by much use of a duodecimal count (cf. Litli. -lika); Skr. vi^a'fi, twenty (dvi'^an'ti, -t- demons, -i dual) ; Lat. vi'gin'ti, fiei/cari, eeiicocri, ecKo partitive suffix ; Sr^da, in two parts. Skr. Jc" id, scindere ; kutt, to split, divide ; kiSuXov, onion (scales) ; x^pov, groats (hulled). crp(iTft), to split : o"X'^ ' t° split open ; o^aA/?, a forked stick ; (tkiWcx, sea-onion ; aylvos, id. ; er^i^aAyUo?, splinter ; o-^t^], anything formed by cleaving; o-)(eSia, raft. Goth, skaidan, to divide ; dis'skreitan, to tear asunder. (TKiSva/xai, fTKeSdwu/ixi, iceoaioo, to disperse. koctklvov, sieve (redupl.) ; k&o-kiov, refuse of flax (separated fragments). rumpere, dirumpere, diffringere ; Ke'ipw, to cut off ; Kovpu, cropping ; Kopcrevg, a barber ; uKep- o-e'KOiArjs, with uncut hair ; cricapi, a mite (indivisible) ; u-Kapei, in a moment ; a-icapi'/?, atom. Kplvu> y to separate, distinguish ; aTroKpivo/nai, express one's own judgments ; vTroKplvo/j-ai, suppress them ; Lat. ccmo, to distinguish ; ccrto, to contend (make trial of superiority) ; cri'men, matter for judgment; dis~ crimen, separation ; crvbrum, sieve. vavicpapos = vavKXtjpos. Lat. careo ; cassus, empty ; curlus, short, mutilated. Lat. gradior, gradus ; Goth, grids, step (grad* = Lat. grad, Grassmann). ■)(etp'as, chap, crack ; X'|°' a ' ? > ^. > X''/ ra ' uo ' 9 > c ^ e ^' hole. X'7/>o?5 bereft ; X M P ' 9 > apart ; x>/jO(r^nV, widowhood (§ G) ; X^p 1 "^, poor. 110 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap, i v. § 10. I'J ^ Ig division, loss, remotion. Skr. kal, numerare (succession of parts) ; kald, pars. ; kXuid, to break; KXtjpos, lot (portion); Gotli. hlauts, Eng. lot. koXos, docked ; koXoj36$, id. ; Kka.iJ.fi6s, mutilated ; koKovw, to dock ; KoXd^oo, to check ; Lat. calamitas. Skr. Jcila, inanis ; Lat. ccdebs. oXXv/ui, destroy, lose; ouXlos, destructive; Irish, caUlim, I lose, destroy. Lat. pwcul, afar (prq-cul). S 11. "k.. l\n,, opening, unfilled division. *j 4 4 4 *- •— t yu' chasm, infinite space ; y^acrfxa, chasm ; X^'ck, chasm, separation; x e *'"' cleft; yrfM, a gaping; yj't-' < C l Jiai i withdraw ; Skr. ha, relinquere ; x^ T0? ' want. Lat. egeo, vgenus; ex'ig'uus (ex-eg). valvco, open wide ; x "'' 05 '' chasm ; x aj/ '" 0? s wide-mouthed fish ; ^i^'pa, wide gape ; '"X^"- ^'XP v f P 00r - X«^"Ao9, x ai ~'^ £0 ?5 with gaping intervals. teacup, KardSa?, /fij'Toy, cleft, cavern. >X«, partitive suff. ; rpr^a, <^''X a > i n three parts, in two. Lat. Mo. § 12. s/p., sm^, separation. Skr. spat, sp'ant, findere ; sp ut dissilire, se aperire ; sp itnd, se expandere ; sp'unt, ridere, deridere ; sp ittt, spernere ; sp it, despicere. Skr. sitii, ridere, subridere ; smaija, astonishment (open mouth), pride (cf. spit)] Lat. miror ; (o-)juLeiSdw, to smile; O. H. Ger. smielen, Eng. smile. rr—aSwv, tear, rent, rag; Goth, /era, part; Lat. portio ; privus, privo, privatus. Skr. b'ritf, ^' r(( X> ca( 3ere, elabi, caus. ejicere ; vrig', relin- quere. , to sever; (papaos, a part. Lat. forum, open space; frustum, piece. Lat. furca ; vp^j, fork. Lat. earns, divergent ; Skr. uru, magnus (compar. variyas) ; uric, femur ; urm, terra ; evpv$, wide. Lat. area, open space. Goth, braids; Eng. broad. Goth, rums; Eng. room. § 15. p t , pji, separation, opening out. Skr. pat, ire, caus. findere ; panel, ire ; patra, folium. Lat. pat co ; pando ; ireravvvixi i to spread out; irera\ov, a leaf; 7reracro?, broad-brimmed hat ; ireTacrtov, ham, fore-quarter of pork (broad, flat) ; irkra-KVov, broad flat cup (ii. 6) ; /uda"- TreT'ov, leaf of the silphium (i. 20) ; TriTvtjfii, to spread out ; irirava, an extended line. Old Lat, ex'patare, in locum patentem se dare. Skr. bid, findere; Lat. findo, finis {fid'nis). § 16. m^, division, separation. Skr. marya, finis, terminus; reic-juap, manifested mark or boundary (vi. 12G). lueipw, to divide; u/ueipw, /mepSco, afxepSw, to bereave; fxo'ipa, s 1 12 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. iv. -J ■"-*■■-■«"'-' 5 part, fate ; juopos, fate ; /u6p^ r iPi , / 4 r 4 , parting, abandonment, open- ness. \ayyavw, receive a share. Lat. linquo (liq-). Xe'nrw, to leave; Goth, laiha, leavings; af'lifnan, to remain over. Goth, ga'levyan, to offer, give up; lew/an, leivyan, to betray, give up. Skr. rah, relinquere, deserere ; la, ra, dare, epTy/uog, desert, void. 6p/Ae, t>j\ov, far off. urep, without, apart ; arap, avrap, but. § 19. s 4 , */,, -s 1 // 4 , removal. Lat. se-, sed-, apart; sed, sedum, but; s'.ne, without; sin'- sic. 20.] GROUNDS OF THE FOURTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 113 cerun (i. 23); scditio (putting apart; cf. conditio, patting to- gether, i. 1); surdus, deaf, indistinct (sewdus, ix. 27). Lat. so-cors (vi. 6); so'brius (x. 10); w/ro (iii. 19); so-Zms. Skr. .s/r//, farari. Goth, stilan, Eng. .s/m/ ,- Lat. stellatura, deduction from sol- dier's provisions. a-repew, to deprive ; rrTepujuai, to lack. Skr. sft>/«&j parvus, paucus (cf. Ger. stuck). § 20. / <4 r 4 , Z 4 ^ 4 , /' 4 , division. Lat. caupOy huckster (retail) ; /ca7r>/\of, id. ; Goth, katqwn, to trade. Lat. cocio, broker, haggler. H CHAPTER V. GROUNDS BELONGING TO THE FIFTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE, WHOSE EXPRESSIVENESS IS IN THE CURRENT OF BREATH THROUGH THE ORGANS. § 1. k 5 , k 5 p 5 , lc b n b , \m h , k,v 5 , 7c0 5 , \i# kfo motion. The mutes, being explosive, are fit to express in this phase motion with force or suddenness ; the nasals, owing to the unconfined passage of breath through the nose, give in this phase a sense of unimpeded or of undirected motion, and the absence of tension or fixed position of the lips in v gives to it a similar expressiveness of indefinite or wavering motion ; y or i sub- joined to the guttural causes the current of breath to be felt strongly over the tongue, and may thus give a stronger sense of motion. Initial a and ai express motion strongly (§ 25) by the open current of breath. Skr. ga, ire. Skr. leak, vacillare (redupl.) ; k'arik', vacillare, tremere, to hop, spring ; kijk\o<;, wagtail. Skr. hank, ire. Skr. X a X> saure 5 X a X a ' l e P us - Goth, gaggan, to go; ga't'vo, street. Kiveui, to move ; uKivayiJ.a, measured movement (-ay- gives force to the root); k'lvSu^ nimble; kivSu'vo?, danger (Skr. da, vexare, to pour (XF e «°, f ut - X eu' what is poured; X 1 '^ ' 9 ' X^°' ? > i alce 5 Koxyoo, pour copiously; Goth, giwt'an, to pour ; gund, pus. x^°M«'? to be in violent emotion. Ktco, to go ; Lat. cieo, to put in motion ; cow do, contio, an as- sembly ; ci'to, incite ; ci'tus, quick ; solli'dtus, troubled (ii. 23). Skr. ag\ a/fig, incipere, propei-are ; o^auVi/, a deer; Lat. axis, Indian deer ; ayyeXos, a messenger ; Skr. ag', ire, con- jicere ; ag'a, caper; al£, -709, id.; Goth, aivals, suddenly, on a sudden (ana-aks). cuye$, high waves ; aiyiaXos, beach (on which the waves precipitate themselves) ; aiyl?, a rushing storm ; aly virion, vulture (ii. 7) ; a'lyivOos, the hedge-sparrow (quick movement, § 29) ; alyiQuWoi, the titmouse (§ 7) ; aiywX-ios, night bird of prey (ii. 11). Skr. aJc, an'k' , ire. Skr. ax'u, celeriter ; wkv?, swift ; Lat. ocior, quicker ; vel'ox (§ 10) ; cel'ox, swift ship, cutter (§ 4) ; -wp-oKVY], the swallow ; Trp-6%, deer (§ 9) ; Old Lat. di'ox, a fish (§ 24) ; Skr. atfva, equus ; Lat. equus ; 'ikko$, "nnroq, horse ; ix'Ou?, ^ sn (§ ^4) 5 Lat. agdso, equlso, groom (Skr. a^ra + yas operam dare, vi. 108). Scuk-ovos, servant (§ 26) ; ScdiCTcop, epithet of Hermes ; J^-aK-opos, priest or priestess ; Scie/coo, to pursue (§ 20) ; I'WK'fi, pursuit. Kvftepvuo), to steer (sinuous motion ; cf. rub r, § 23) ; Lat. gubemum, a rudder. Lat. aqua (§ 25) ; Goth, alira, river (§ 25) ; (k-ea'j/o? (akixr- nas), ooyi'iv, toyevo?, ocean (waving) ; Irish aigcin, ocean. Goth, aihva-tundi, the plant horsetail (Skr. «x' m + tv/ndi vi. 57). 1 1 G GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v. Skr. g'u, festinare ; g'yu, ire; cfinv, exkilarare, to quicken. Skr. k'yu, cadere elabi, to stagger, move out of place, lose ; h'yut, Tc'ut, stillare, effundere ; k'yus, relinquere. Lat. gutta. Lat. (in alio. Skr. lived, vacillare ; yfaXog, lame. Lat. ceveo, to move the haunches back and forward. Lat. cavilla, quibble, trick ; KofiaXa, knavish tricks ; ko{3<1- X09, rogue ; «-a/3aA.X?/?, nag ; Lat. caballus, id. (move quickly about). Skr. y^ut , X'nit , claudicai'e ; Jc'und, k'ot, 1c od, Jc or, k' 51, claudicare. § 2. s,k., k.t,, k.s r , motion ; the current of breath without closure in s gives a sense of undirected motion or of unim- peded motion, the mute of force or suddenness, § 1. crKivSacpo?, KiSa(pos, wily ; KiSdcpt], fox ; crKipacpos, trickery, cheating, dice-box (-a

] ? nimble touch) ; KivaSos, fox ; KiSapis, an Arcadian dance ; cnavSdpios, name of a dance ; aruuvvig, dance of Satyrs ; ], a sling, throw ; a-irwOyp, a spark. (Tirei'Sto), to pour a libation ; serum of blood or milk ; Skr. ndrilcera, cocoa- nut (§ 8). Lat. rut), to rush ; uvgruo, coivgruo, to run together ; Old Lat. rii'tuba, perturbatio (§ 24) ; epcaew, to rush forth ; pwofxai, to move with strong agitation ; pew, fut. pevaw, to flow ; epce>), pv'fxi], rush ; pvd-/u.6$, succession of proportionate parts as an undulating movement. Skr. X«ru, missile (spear or arrow) ; y'ara, arrow; Kepavvus, thunderbolt. Skr. srig', effundere ; asrig', sanguis ; Old Lat. assir, blood (§ 25) ; aijma, blood (aa-r/xa). Skr. srip, ire, gradi, to sneak, creep ; Lat. serpo; ep-n-w, to creep. Skr. sriv, ire, to miscarry ; ri, fluere ; Lat. rivus. ) = TUpj3)]. Lat. sarda, pilchard or sardine (cf. sprat), fida-crap-a, fox, bacchanal, courtesan (§ 20). Skr. vat'sara, annus (vi. 34, recurrent period). 120 CREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v. § 7. s I , tl 5 , l 6 , irregular motion. The expressiveness of / (§ 4) is strengthened by that of the free current of breath in a spirant, or by the force of the mute, § 1. Skr. salila, aqua ; 7, surging of sea ; OdXaa-cra, sea ; aTao-6a\'os, reckless (§ 11); TavOa\-vfy), to quiver, shake (§ 26); alyi- 0a\\-o9, titmouse (§ 1); 6(p-6a\-fx6s, eye (OaX, its movement, vi. 118). TiXdw, to have a thin stool ; otto'tiA*, thin excrement (§ 3). attilus, kind of sturgeon. reXfioo, to cheat. Goth. tMiuhan, to fly. o-oXoikos, awkward. daeXy^, rudely licentious, outrageous. irpova-eXtco, to misuse, insult (§ 9). cro'Xo?, ball of iron for throwing. Goth, af slant hi/an, to be perplexed; thlahsyan, to terrify (cf. Tapd(T(T00, § 11). KoacvWto (vi. 124), to look gaping about ; okk-u\\o<;, the eye (vi. 124); SevS'lXXu), turn the eyes quickly (vi. 126); 7XXo?, the eye (vi. 124). eAXo'9, e\\6$, young deer; aWofxui, to leap; e, to throw. 5 8. m r , n r , in, I., irregular motion. The expressiveness of r (§ 5) or I (§ 4) is combined with that of the unconfined undirected passage of the breath in the nasals. Skr. vura, oceanus. Lat. mare, Goth, marei, sea; dfiapa, conduit, channel ; ya-fiapos, P lace for letting out bilge water jxvpo), to ilow ; fjLvpiKq, tamarisk (thrives in marshy ground, § 34) ; fJ.opp.vpw, to boil (redupl.) ; fxopfwpo?, a sea-fish. Skr. vara, aqua; vapos, flowing, liquid; vtjplrrj?, sea-snail. Skr. narikera, cocoa-nut (§ 6). afiapr-uvco, to miss, err ; Goth, marzyan, to trip, cause to err. /udpyos, mad. sec. 10.] GROUNDS OF THE FIFTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. L21 Goth, malsks, headstrong, wayward ; fiifiaWwu, Macedonian name of Bacchantes. § 9. v r_, p r , irregular motion, rapid motion (§ G). Skr. vari, aqua; ovpia, water-bird; ovpov, urine; Lat. v.rhia ; v.rlnor, to dive ; fioopevs, kind offish ; y/ip'vW'os, stone of sea-green colour (vii. 38) ; Lat. ber'ttia, plant like water- cress ; Irish, bior, water; biorar, watercress; j3pva = /xvpiKi] (§ 8). afipoT-afy, to miss (indirection) ; afip'afits, kind of iisli (§ 22) ; )3e/uL-{3pds, a kind of anchovy (§ 23). Skr. rrit'a, frustra, by chance (indirection). Lat. viverra, ferret (irregular motion) ; opevg, ovpev?, mule ; Lat. veredus, a light fleet horse (§ 24) ; Goth, vraton, to travel ; eppoo, to limp, go to no purpose (/reppco) ; fieppw, fugitive. Skr. vrag ', ire. Lat. varius. Lat. fraus (indirect) ; frustra (d changed to s before t). Skr. V ram, vagari ; bab'r, ire, errare ; e\e-J b , irregular motion (§ 7). Goth, valdan, to rule, to sway ; us'wdugyan, to drive hither and thither ; viltheis, Eng. wild ; Lat. velites, light troops (skir- mishers) ; eXe-ipaip-o/uLai. cheat, drive about (ral + Vr, § 9). 7ra\)], wrestling ; tt«AAco, irai— uAAon to swing ; 7ruAa, to shake; §vo'7ra\-i{oo, to knock about (§ 26); 7reAe/AiTa> 3 to shake; TToAe/xo?, war ; Lat. pdpulus, poplar (redup.). 122 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v. £V(^>eA)/?, violent. 7ranraXdo), to be subtle ; xAa^eo, to make to wander ; xAayi/, wandering ; Lat. palor, to wander ; a7rAa/c«o, ayU7rAa/acnca), to miss ; Goth, tveifls, doubt (wavering between two). Skr. j>j/U, natare, volare, transilire, to waver ; TrXew, to sail (irXefco, TrXevcrw) ; Lat. £>Zw0, to rain ; Goth, fludas, Eug. flood ; ireXayog, the sea. Lat. Jim, fico (fluid motion) ; fluto, to float ; flustra, pi., sea in a calm. Lat. /cks, a cat (prowling about). (3a\io$, swift; /3oir/3aAo?, fiovftaXis, kind of antelope ; /3oAtV O09, wild ox ; dj3oXo?, horse ; /8oA/^, female slave (Cretan) ; (3aXXipo$, kind of fish ; Lat. Zw/Zo, PaWlfy, to dance ; Goth. jdins'yan, to dance ; Lat. bclua. Skr. irt/, opulentiam perturbare, impedire ; fiXuir'Tw, to disable, hinder, damage (/3Aa/3) ; (3\a-o"]Xos, delusive. Lat. vel'ox (§ 1). vfilo, to fly. § 11. t b r b , s b t h r b , irregular motion (§ 5). Skr. d'ara, stream, gush, drop. Skr. dm, currere, fluere ; Lat. an'druo, to run back (vi. 110); Skr. dm, fugere, to run, hasten ; dram, ire, to run hither and thither ; SiSpdaKw, to run away ; Spa-7r-ert]S, a runaway ; eSpa- fxov, ran, Ipajxovixai, fat. ; Spdfxo?, a course. S6p%, SopKag, XPP& <' J° K09 > kincl of deer ( cf « "^'J' § 9 ) 5 ^°/°" /ca<5i^o), bound like a deer. Skr. foar, faw, festinare ; rdpavSos, reindeer or elk ; Lat. turma, troop of cavalry. 6/jp, wild beast ; cn'ip, Lac. rapdarau), to stir up, to trouble ; rapyalvw, id. ; Tapx'l, trouble ; TOpvvt], stirrer ; drapr^pog, mischievous (doubled root) ; UTao"- OuX-o?, reckless (rap + 6uX. § 7). Opdaaco, to trouble, destroy ; OpiaQa, to be in prophetic rap- ture; Qpia'i, nurses of Apollo; repOpevs, a juggler (doubled root). Lat. anvlruo, to dance about ; pwtervus, wanton. orpvuw, to rouse up ; orpvpds, orpaXeo?, quick, nimble. Odp-Wfu, OpuxTKU), to leap ; 6op(k, semen genitale. sec. 13.] GROUNDS OF THE FIFTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 123 TL'p/3)], disorder, throng; Lat. turba ; 66pv(3o$, tumult, trouble ; Goth, drobyan, to disturb. rdpfi'os, fright, alarm; Lat. trepidus, agitated. Skr. tras, tremere ; Tpew, Tpeloo, Tpe/uioo, Terpe/xaivo), to tremble ; Lat. trcmo. TaprupiXw, to shiver; rdprapos; Lat. terrco ; ex'tril'idus, dauntless. a'Tup'jUi vk'tos, unwincing (i. 28) ; Tap/mv^o/uai, to wince (i. 28). Tavdap'u^a), to quiver, shake (§ 20) ; KavQap'vYo), to quiver. Lat. cowstemo, ex'sterno, to terril'v. § 12. l r , irregular motion (§ -0- aXea, an avoiding ; aXij, wandering ; uXeo/uut, to avoid ; aXe'oop'i'}, shunning, shelter (ii. 13) ; dXevoo, to keep away ; aXvoo, to wander in mind, be distraught; aXus, listlessness ; aXvircrco, to be uneasy ; aXutai, disquiet ; Lat. alucinor, to wander in mind ; aXiTeco, to sin, offend. i]Xos, astray ; *iXaivuy, to wander ; '/jXiOa, in vain (i. 2) ; }}Xi6io$, idle, vain, random ; j)Ae - //.aro?, idle vain (viii. 2). iXainw, to drive ; iX>)XdSaTo, 3rd pi. pluperf pass, of eXauvct), from a stem eXai-, the i being hardened to S (Curtis). aioX'os, quick moving, changeful (§ 23) ; diX'ovp'os, cat (waving tail, ii. 10). Lat. alea, die. Skr. la!, lascivire (unrestraint, indirection) ; Ilia, ludus (femi- narum amantium ; cf. kil) ; Xlpos, bold, lewd. S 13. r.s., r., I r r r , I,, irregular motion, rapid motion (SS 1, O 5 5 5' 5 5 5' ~ *■ VOO ' 5,0). Skr. ris, ire; Goth, (drzis, astray; Lat. erro ; Goth, reiran, to move as in an earthquake. Skr. ri, rl, pervenire ; Goth, aims, messenger; Eng. errand ; v7r-}ip'£T>]s, attendant (also by a later derivation from epenis, under-rovver) ; Old Lat. eri'tudo = servitude Lat. liver's, inactive ; in'ers'ittnlo, inactivity. Skr. ara, celer ; Goth, ara, eagle; op-vi$, bird (§ 29); ayop, eagle Cypr. (§ 23). Lat. va'ler'ia, kind of eagle (§ 23) ; Irish, Jiuiar, eagle (/=r); Ger. ad'ler, eagle. Lat. aqui'la (§ 23). 124 CREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v. § 14. ZX, Ifo rfo irregular motion (§§ 4, 5, 7). Skr. lad, las, ludere (lad, 10 cl. jacere) ; Lat. Inch ; lascivus ; Skr. lut, lid', se volutare ; Lafc. Intra, otter; Skr. hid, agitare ; lot, lad, land, mente captum esse; Xva-aa, rage, madness. eXevOepos, free ; Lat. liber, free (Old Lat. loebems, cf. ovOap, uber, § 34) ; Lat, lustro, go round, wander over ; eXevQeiv, eXOeiv, to come or go. XiT-apyos, running swiftly (§ 16); Gotli. laithan, to go, come ; Old Snx. lidhan, moveri, procedere. Lat. /ft/f.r, a liquid. Goth. Ufa, hypocrisy ; lists, cunning. Skr. rud, flere, to lament ; rudita, wet with tears ; rudira, sanguis (fluid motion ; cf. asra, asm, § 6), adj. bloody, red ; epvQ-pos, red ; Goth, rauds, red ; ga'riuds, venerable ; ga'riud'ya, shamfacedness ; povcrios, reddish ; Lat, russus, red (rud %-). § 15. l 6 p 5 , l b v b , l b m b , VV r.v b , r r m b , r.n,, irregular motion, quick motion (§ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). Lat. lymplia, water ; lymrpho, to make mad or crazy. Lat. raho, to rave, be mad ; rabies, madness. Lat. rejpo. pinros, whey. Lat. kerns, Xaios, left. Goth, arryo, in vain, to no purpose (indirection). piTTTco, to throw ; pnn'i, rush, impetus ; Lat. repens, sudden. plfxcpa, fleetly. XeV/5o?, galley with sharp prow (fast) ; Ae/3/a?, kind of fish ; Xai^tjpo?, nimble. eXacpos, deer ; eXctfppos, light, nimble ; Xefi>]pios. Lat. mto (cf. meiden, § 21). Lat. vit'ium. Goth, vithon, to was?. (3ovto-[aoi, § 3). 126 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap, v. § 19. p.t , motion, the breath being passed through the mutes, and the closure of one of them or both relaxed to give it wavering or indirection. Skr. pat, volare ; ireTOfxai, "nrraixai, to fly ; TTTe'pov, feather, wing; Eng. feather ; -wrepU, feathery fern; ttt'IXov, feather, wing (dim.); ttot>/, flight ; Lat. penna, feather, wing (petna), Old Lat. pesna ; prccpes, swift of flight ; 7rroa, irrola, flutter, violent agitation of fear or other passion ; tttwtvm, to cower, to go cowering about ; 7tt(o^o'?, a beggar, beggarly ; tttw^, a hare ; 7rTa/a<7yUo?, shyness, timidity ; tttvov, winnowing fan or shovel (tossed the grain) ; 7rrvpco, to startle. fiSvXXw, to be afraid. Lat. pvdco, to be or make ashamed (cowering flutter). TTTe'Xa?, wild boar (rush). -tt.'O'?/^, 7i\'6) - >7/co9, ir'.Q-oov, an ape (active irregular motion). Skr. pat' a, aqua ; cikki-k^o-lo 1 ?, sturgeon (ii. 9, hooked swimmer, perhaps from the hooked spines on its back and sides). (poiTc'uo, to go to and fro, wander ; Lat. furti, perf. ; futis, a water-vessel ; effutire, to blab out. 7TOTaim6?, river. Lat. blto, ht'to, to go. § 20. p T s r , motion with unimpeded force, indirect irregular motion, expressed by the jet of breath in the mute, combined with its free current in the spirant. Lat. festinus ; coivfcstim ; irai'cpda-crw, rush wildly about, wave violently (redup.). fiaa-crap-a, a fox, bacchanal, courtesan (§ 6) ; Irish, baos, folly, levitv, water. Irish, aidh'bheis, the ocean (aidh, great) ; /3oV-7rojOo? (waving ferry). 7roa"eiS-(iov (§§ 21, 18). Lat. piscis, Goth. Jinks, Eng. fish. a(pv(T(TCt), to draw liquor (rush of a fluid) ; a^uo-yero'?, what is carried down by a stream. ■^/•eufru), to beguile, belie (§ 17); •^•vSpo^, untrue; \|/-J0o?, untruth ; y]saivu6-o$, false (§ 17) ; ^alp-w, to quiver. ya\*9, -loos, quick motion. \j^a 5 e\!/!u, play. ar\^a, quick (§ 25). \^(WKp6?, nimble, swift (§ 32). sec. 22.] GROUNDS OF THE FIFTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 1 27 § 21. in J mn , wis,., undirected or swerving motion, ex- pressed by the nncontined passage of breath in the nasals, combined with its force in the mutes or its free current in the spirants. Skr. mad, ebrium esse, gaudere, to revel ; Lat, madulsa, a drunken man ; Skr. mand, mand, gaudere. Skr. mat', man?, commovere, agitare ; juoOos, tumult of battle ; yUotW, unrestrained. Skr. mad' u, vinum, potus inebrians ; /ueOu, wine; [xc6>], strong drink, drunkenness ; imeOuco, to be drunk. Lat. matus, wo////*, drunk. Hutum, to dally, loiter ; fidrijv, in vain, at random ; fidrTa- fio? = jULOLTaiO^. Skr. mit'i/d, falso ; Goth, ga'maids, deformed; maidyan, to deform, change. Lat. mit'to, to send, let go (displace); Ang.-Sax. mld'an, Ger. mciden, to avoid. Lat. mentior, to lie ; mend-ax, false ; menda, fault, mistake. Lat. mano, to flow, spread. Goth. mUsa-, Eng. mis-. Goth, misso, one another (inter- change). § 22. mv , m-p,, m., undirected or disturbed motion (8 21). Lat. moveo. afxeu-o^ai, take the place of; a/mel/Sco, change place, change. Lat. mwto ; maluus. Lat. amhulo, to go about, walk. Skr. ami' as, ambu, aqua; Lat. ambicheja, wild endive, intu- bum (amhu + hdh, crescere ; cf. Virgil, Geor. iv. 12, potis gau- derent intuba rivis) ; o/x/3-^oo?, shower ; Lat. imber, id. ; ko\'- v/j.fi-oq, swimmer, diver (§ 4). /Acty, in vain, idly (-s adverbial, i. 9). Lat. anvnis, stream, river, torrent ; a/xla, sea-fish ; aftp'afxfct kind of fish (§ 9). e^ivg, water-tortoise ; th/A'cc/^'?, young tunny (th/Ao?) ; afirj, water-bucket ; ctfxvlou, a bowl ; ajtilg, chamber-pot. Skr. ml, ire; mi, jacere; me, mutare; mvna, piscis ; fxahrj, kind of small sea-fish ; Mal-avSpos, winding river ; Lat. mco ; tra-mes, path across (vi. 9); Tpa-/jLi$, rpa-fiij, line dividing scrotum and crossing to anus (vi. 9); iW-yucrw/y, sluggish 128 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v. (uSara) ; tjud-w, to draw fluid (t-, desire, vi. 108 ; cf. haurio, ifi-iris, gnat (vii. 41) ; 0. H. Ger. impi, Ger. invme, bee, Ang.-Sax. aem'mettc, em'met, ant, Ger. amcise. Skr. malt, mentis errore affici, niente capi ; muhus, identi- dem ; muhurta, momentum, liora (recurrent). § 23. vjp , v. o , r/_, p 5 , p 6 m 6 , p 5 n 6 , undirected motion, free unrestrained motion, expressed by the free current of breath in a spirant or vowel, or its unconfined passage in a nasal. Skr. vep, tremere ; Lat. vappo, a winged animal (movement of wing) ; ywioXos, moth ; j/V/aXo?, ague ; rjiridX^, nightmare (terror); Skr. vap, spargere, seminare ; vip, conjucere, to be in swinging motion; Goth, vepna, Eng. weapon; ae^a, bow- string, bow (af€fx/uLa, what is let off with sudden move- ment). Skr. raV r, ire, se movere (§ 1); Lat. vibro ; vafcr, sly (indi- rection. oT/aa, spring, rush; kuS-oi/uos, turmoil (vii. 11). Skr. vi, avis ; Lat. avis (§ 25) ; oioovos, bird of strong flight (ofiwv, § 18); aier'os, eagle (afi + § 24); ayop, eagle Cyp. (y = F, | 13); Lat. aqui'la (v hardened to qu, §§ 25, 13); Valeria, kind of eagle (§ 13) ; awgur {an = av, vi. 4) ; aroX'o?, nimble, changeful (afi + § 12); Skr. vyada, insidious, serpens (sinuous motion); oia^, -a/co?, olrfiov, rudder. adu), to mislead (a/raco) ; ur'tj, bewildei'ment (avdra, JEo\. (tfUTij) ; dr-v^o/uLUL, to be bewildered ; dr'eco, to be reckless, to sin against ; cnr-dr'}], guile (misleading away) ; dea-r(ppo)v, silly (apetji-cppoi', vi. 22); acnraAa/3-arr>/?, lizard (ii. 28, ii. 50); yaX'eooT'r]?, kcoX'cot'ijs, kind of lizard (viii. 4). cnr'aip'io-KOi), to beguile ; o>i$, epui(pi'>}?, on a sudden (cf. eV irpoa-n-alov, suddenly); ('aj)i'O), cucbvrjs, suddenly ((p due to nasal). sec. 24.] ({ROUNDS OF THE FIFTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 129 5 24. t/i\, tjc r , t.s R , ijc r , i r , i.t.. i.s., i.v., forcible or undefined 5 5' 5 5" 5 5' 5 5' 5' 5 5' 5 5 5 5' motion, expressed by the jet of breath in the mute or its free current in the spirant or vowel. Skr. d'ui, ludere ; dn, ire ; data, nuncius ; in'du, drop, spark, moon (§ 27) ; Siepog, nimble, liquid ; Old Lat. di'ox, kind of fish (§ 1). Skr. d'ar, currere ; Oeoo, to run (Oeua-ofxai) ; Ooog, swift ; Outo, Qvvoa, to rush; QifeWa, hurricane, whirlwind (ii. 10); Ouvvog, tunny-fish ; cy^Ovg, a fi'sh (§ 1) ; aiOvla, a water-bird, fish (§ 25) ; 6u/, the sorbus (Ger. vogel-beere). 'cfwv, a fish ; ai'ov'da), to moisten, foment (pour on water) ; aiOvtraw, to quiver ; aiOvia, a water-bird, fish ; alo-aXuiv, hawk (§ 7) ; af'^a, quick (§ 20). a'dvpco, to play. Skr. a, ad. | 26. t.n b , t b i 5 , irregular motion, expressed by the jet of breath in the mute combined with its unconfined passage in the nasal, or its free current in the vowel. Skr. danr, d'anv, ire, to run; Soveu), to shake; $6va]~ : a reed; Svo-7raX-ify), knock about .(§ 10); Lat. thensa, tensa, carriage on which the images of the gods were drawn at Cir- censian games. Tivd(ru>o?, § 3, and is strengthened by e]Tia), vijrra, duck ; Lat. anas, -lis, id. ; Ger. ente, id. (swimming.) Skr. nat, to dance, represent dramatically, gesticulari ; Goth, iiin/f/ii/aii, to dare ; /3o' - racro9, wild ox. Lat. ■natiiwr, to be busy, disturbed; 0. II. Ger. hnatta, vibrare ; evocri^Owv, eivoacyaios, earth-shaker. Skr. nud, mittere, agere, depellere, to thrust, turn out. 132 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v. aiyri'Oo?, hedge-sparrow (§ 1). 6p-i'i?, -fOo?, bird (§ 13 ; cf. -wic-, § 28). § 30. vk, ih , free undirected motion expi-essed by the free current of breath, in the spirant or i, combined with its forcible passage in the mute. Skr. rig, agitari, tremere, to hurry, shoot up ; vega, celeritas ; vag ', ire; vakak, ire; Lat. vagor ; vacillo ; vexo, to disturb violently, trouble; vexillum, banner, flag; eucij, without plan or purpose, rashly, at random. aicT], properare ; maks'ika, musca ; maksa, a fly; Lat. masea, a fly; jjLv'ia, id. (/xva-'ia). Lat. mieo, to move quickly in a vibrating or quivering manner. S 32. p,v., vJ,\, free motion. Goth, fugls, bird; Eng. fowl, (fug = tti>x — iS, II. 33). (pevyw, to fly ; (ftv^a, flight ; Lat. fugio. ^/auK-pos, nimble, swift (§ 20). § 33. t 5 m 5 , s 5 t b m 5 , irregular motion (§ 20). Skr. tamara, aqua; Lat. tamarix, the tamarisk tree (cf. /J.UpiK}], § 8). Lat. temere, at random; temetum, intoxicating drink; Urth'u- lentus, drunk; abs'tem'ius, sober. are^ftw, to confound, perplex ; crrenifta), to shake, agitate. Skr. tumula, turbatus, confusus, tumultuosus ; Lat. tumvl'tus. afi/jLoX'tj, uncertainty. SdfiaXos, a calf; Sdju.a\i$, a heifer; Lat. dam%, a deer; Irish, damh, ox, deer. CHAPTER VI. GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH I'HASE OF UTTERANCE, WHOSE EXPRESSIVE- NESS LAY IN THE FIRST BREAKING OF THE BREATH THROUGH THE ORGANS, OR IN THE PRESSURE OF THE BREATH ON THE ORGANS. This phase of utterance represents outgo, transition, growth, production, increase, pressure, impact, tension, force. The pressure is caused by the resistance which in every consonant is given to the current of breath in order that the due utter- ance may be made ; and in every consonant the breath breaks through this resistance, which confines it, so as to give a sense of outgo. Even in those in which the breath passes most freely there is a sense of pressure, or of the kindred elements, impact, tension, or force, in proportion to the strength of the current which the organ confines or represses to make the utterance. And while the breath may be strengthened in the utterance of any consonant to give this expressiveness, a strong current belongs more naturally to the vibratiles than to others, as it is needed to produce with distinctness the vibration of the tongue. In the vibratiles also there is a special sense of the breath break- ing through, by reason of the flexile condition of the tongue as the breath passes over it, so that the vibratiles have a natural expressiveness in both parts of this phase. But in the spirants and nasals too the passage of the breath involves a sense of movement which may give a special expression of outgo, growth, production, or increase. In this phase of utter- ance the labial consonants have a special expressiveness by reason of the visible outbreak of the breath through the lips as they open to let it pass, and by reason of their visible swelling out as the breath presses on them. The dental con- sonants have a distinctness owing to the muscular activity and 133 134 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. free application of the point of the tongue, which fits them to express distinctly the tensions and transitions of this phase. These observations may be sufficient, along with those which are made on the expressiveness of the grounds in the first eight sections, to elucidate that of the remaining grounds in this chapter and of elements added to them in various roots. § 1. l\r., upspring, upgrowth, outgrowth; the breath break- ing through the closure of Jc, and making for itself an easy passage over the flexile point of the tongue in r, so as to get from this a stronger sense of pressure yielded to. Kpiji't], Kpovvoq, spring, well-head. Skr. X'ira, %'iras, Zend, -tfara, caput ; Kupa, Kciprj, the head ; KapaicaWov, hood (ii. 2) ; Kapyvov, the head ; Kpas, -aro?, the head ; Kpaipa, the head, top ; icapavos, head, chieftain ; Kopvcpi'i, head, highest point (§ 62) ; Kop-v/mfi-og, round head (§ 78) ; Kp-a/ui^t], cabbage (§ 78) ; Kpw(3v\oios, Lac. for veavlas, a youth. Kepains, Kpao-Ti?, ypaari?, green fodder ; Lat. gramen, grass ; gcrmen, sprig, offshoot ; germanus, sprung from the same father. Goth, gras, Eng. grass. Lat. herba. § 2. k.l , upgrowth, outgrowth ; the breath breaking through the closure of k, and making for itself an easy passage over the flexile sides of the tongue in /, so as to get from this a stronger sense of pressure yielded to. koXcovos, a hill (cf. Skr. ){ron, § 1); Lat. collis ; cdsus ; ante' cello, &c. ; Goth. Mains, a hill; Jdaiv, tomb (agger). KaXa/uLo?, Lat. calamus, reed; KaXa/ut], a stalk; Lat. culmus, a stalk; culemna, a pillar; culmcn, top, summit; caulis, stalk; kuvXos, id.; Lat. colnmcn, summit, pillar; KoXodxev, summit ; KijXov, shaft ; ki'/Xow, shaft of a well, he-ass ; kolXov, logs, timber (growth of wood); Lat. colus, distaff; KeXeos, the woodpecker. Lat. clava, knotty branch, club; kXovo?, ranunculus (cluster of tubers at crown of root). ayXis, yeXyi?, head or clove of garlic ; ayaXXi?, a bulbous plant ; avayaXXlg, pimpernel ; ayaX-Xo^'ov, the bitter aloe (vii. 31); Lat. galla, oak-apple, gall-nut; galbulus, nut of cypress; glans, the fruit of forest trees; ydyyXiov, a tumour under the skin ; yXovrog, the rump, pi. the buttocks ; Lat. glisco, to swell ; gleba. clod, lump. ki'iXi], tumour; Lat. ccecilia, kind of lettuce. XXoa, the first shoot of plants ; xXcopo?, ■)(Xoep6s, pale green ; XiXos, green fodder. Lat. olus, anciently helus, potherb ; hclvclla, olera minuta. KoXocrcros, gigantic statue. § 3. /.;./;, /.' ( / , production, birth. Skr. garb' a, uterus, foetus, brood of birds, fruit of plants ; ypo/uLCpa?, sow (cf. scrofa). Goth. Icalbo, Eng. calf. Goth, niwklahs, new-born. veo'ylXos, new-born. rp'-yX>], mullet (breeds thrice). 136 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap vi. Goth, kilthei, the womb ; Ang.-Sax. cild, Eng. child. KeXwp, son ; Skr. kal'db'a, catulus elephant! (§ 9G). Skr. hip, kalp, fieri ; -kalpa, similis. § 4. k,r„ tension, pressure up, pressure clown, pressure into or against another body, impact ; the breath pressing against the root of the tongue in k and then coming with forcible irruption on the point of the tongue in r, which, by its resist- ance to it in order to produce the utterance, gives a stronger sense of pressure or impact. Skr. gur, tollere; guru, gravis; Lat. gravis; Goth, kaurs, heavy. eiriXapeco = eirr^apeco, to weigh down (j^=ji/). Lat. hordus =fordus, pregnant. Lat. cartihulum, stone table on one foot ; Irish, carrthadh, coirthe, pillar-stone. Lat. cam's ; curulis, pertaining to a chariot ; carrus, waggon ; carpent'um, two-wheeled carriage or chariot (§ 40) ; icappov, car. tcpe/maoo, to hang up (pressure on attachment) ; Kpijfivos, hanging edge; Goth, limmyan, to crucify. Skr. x rat > ficles 5 rframb', confidere ; Lat. certus, sure ; cre-do (i. 1); Old Lat. sardo = intelligo (kindred root like x'' l '> sru, v. 6). Skr. y^ur, firmum esse (pressure resisted) ; tfura, heros ; Kvpos, authority, confirmation ; icovpiSios, wedded, lawful ; Kvpio?, having authority, valid ; Koipavo?, ruler ; eirUovpos, helping ; Skr. x'i' e ''X um (*• 31 ' connected by marriage); hotpot, Lat. so'cer, father-in-law. Skr. g'arafa, durus, solidus. Lat. qu&rcus, oak. Goth, hardus, Eng. hard. Lat. grossus, crassus, thick, solid. Lat. crc-bcr, crowded, many close to each other. Farxpwjg, very pressing ; Xl "*^ to assail, to be eager, press- ing ; X( J(iW > to i m P art what is necessary (what is to be), or what is needed (force of need or necessity, objective or sub- jective) ; x( >} 'h is necessary ; x/° e "*> want, use ; Xl° e ' 09 > want, debt ; XP e ">> want > necessity, fate ; xP^^ a > niatter °f interest ; X/HiiTM, help, succour (needful service). sec. 6.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 137 Lafc. haruspex (§ 120), hariolus, soothsayer (har-, what is to be); awgur {avis + har), Skr. x' /''''//"> cornu ; Lat. cornu ; Goth, haurn, Eng. horn; <)cKpaio$, SrKpoos, Si-Kpui>o$, forked ; wXt-Kpuvov, point of elbow. Kepas, horu ; Lat. corwseo, to butt with horns ; cervus. yeppoi', rod, stake. KepKis, rod, pin ; KepKer^, anchor. Kvpicrcrtt), to butt with horns ; icvpew, to hit ; Kvpijfiafyo, to butt with the horns. Kpovoo, to strike ; avrCKpu, right opposite ; Kporos, striking. S 5. /. • / . / /„ r,v., l.v., s.t R Lp r , h.t a , Je.s R , h R p., pressure, ira- o 6 6' 6 6' 6* 0' 6-* 6' 6 6 6-* b' t) (>' o 6' b* 6'_ L pact ; the force of the current of breath in / increasing the sense of pressure or impact, like that of r in § 4. Lat. calx, the heel ; calco, to tread ; callis, path ; KoXerpao), to trample ; Lat. cidcita, cushion, bed (pressed) ; -A«£, with the foot (pressure) ; Xd^co, XaKrl^oo, kick, stamp. Lat. callus, hard skin, hardness (pressure resisted) ; /eo\-\o\|/, thick skin (ii. 51). Goth, hlathan, to load. Goth, gild, tax (obligation) ; gilstr, id. Goth, galga, Eng. gallows (pressure on attachment, § 4). Skr. Mia, Jcalu, certe (pressure resisted). Lat. claims, nail (pressure into). neXXoo, oneXXoo, to drive on. kooXvco, to hinder (pressure against). Skr. gall) , fortem audacem esse. Lat. celeber, crowded. KoXdirrw, to strike ; KoXacpa, box, buffet ; tcoXXafiify, to play buffets. pairi^o), to box, cuff. Lat. alapa, a box. stloppus, a slap. k6ttu{3os, a game of hitting with wine ; kocto-os, a cuff. Goth, haupatyan, to cuff. ko-tttco, to strike; kott'is, a chopper, cleaver; Goth, haifsts, h< 'ifts, strife. kv(3>)Xi$, an axe, cleaver. S 6. hj\, /,./., /.\.s\, 7c„, force, force effectual, sustained, exalted, b 6 6 6 6' b intrinsic ; the expression of force being similar to that of pres- sure in ^ 4, 5. 138 CREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap, vl Kpdros, strength ; Kparvf, strong ; Kpelcrcrwv (KpeTiwv), stronger ; Kpelwu, Kpewv, ruler ; Skr. ksi, regere, dominari ; h-palvoo, to rule ; Kuppwv, stronger (Dor.) ; Kapra, very. Skr. g'i, g'ri, vincere. Skr. kri, facere ; crco ; Old Lat. cerus, creator ; cresco (in- ceptive of crco) ; Kpalvic, to accomplish. Skr. leal, to do, make, effect, provide, realise. Skr. h'al, sustentare, nutrire ; koXov, food ; Lat. columis, incolumis, safe, sound, whole ; Goth, hails, Eng. hale. Goth. hUpan, hlcibyan, Eng. help. Skr. g'agri, gar, vigilare ; eyelpw, to awaken, eypero, eypijyopa; ^co'ypeoo, to revive (§ 102); 'dypv7rvo$, sleepless (iii. 14). ■^aipw, to rejoice (exalted force of life) ; X"i°' ? ' f avour > grace, gratification, thanks ; ■ycipp-r], spirit of battle ; ^opro^, feeding- place, food, fodder ; Lat. hortus, garden, vegetables ; hortor, horior, to encourage; Old Lat. horctum = ho nam • horc'onia, a species of Campanian vine. Lat. grains ; grates, thanks. Skr. x'/7, fortuna, felicitas, venustas ; y^reyas, melior ; tcpi'r- yvo$ (§ 107), good, true (intrinsic force). Skr. hricl, cor (force of life) ; fceap, K^p, KapSla, the heart ; Lat. cor, Goth, hairto, Eng. heart; Goth, halrthra, bowels. Goth. Mas, cheerful. Skr. Mad, gaudeo lastor, to refresh ; Ke^Ka^a, I am in exuberant spirits ; )(\ap6s, cheerful ; Lat. hilaris, merry ; i\apo$, id. ; Goth, gailyan, to make glad. yaXepos, cheerful. § 7. Jcj' , Z.*./,, tension of desire or solicitude straining for its object, tension being expressed like pressure in § 4, 5. Lat. carus (demand greater than supply), enra. ccervmo/tia, religious observance. Goth, har a, Eng. care. Skr. grid, desiderare, 4th el. ; aypi'/Oero, wollte (Benfey). Skr. hary, amare, precari. Goth, gciro, desire; gredus, Eng. greed (g rd , Grass- mann). y\l^o/mai, to desire eagerly. Lat. colo, to bestow on an object care, attention, observance. si:c !».] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. L39 § 8. /,;./■,., r 6 , y 6 , /;/•,/,, & 6 , tension of length reaching to a limit, or of length with less sense of limit, tension being ex- pressed like pressure in §§ 4, 5. Skr. Wira, longus (de tempore); icatpos, due measure, due time, opportunity. topa, any limited time or period ; Lat. hora ; &po9, time, a year; fxivu-wpos, short-lived (iii. 5) ; evvewpos, nine years' time ; vvKT-up, by night ; Lat. Ifornvs, of this year (h = this) ; -emits, -urn us, suffix of time. yjpovos, time ; Lat. chordus, late, 6\]siyovo?. «X/° f i even to. Skr. I'd! a, tempus ; Lat. intercalo, ccd'enclce (§ 58); Goth. hcdis aiv, slowly (air, time). Goth, hvcila, time; Ang.-Sax. Iirilc, Eng. while ; Goth. tin-dan, to pause. t6-k(i, then ; 7ro/va = 7roVe ; avT'iica, immediately ; T'tjVfKa, then (§ 37) ; yvl'ica, ir'riv'i'Ka, when (-t- loc.) ; Trpo'ica, forth- with ; Lat. anti'guus (§ 110). § 9. / r , ;/ / ?*„ */., upgrowth, outgrowth, increase to a limit, •j 6O'OO0 0t> ia ' ° transition. Skr. trlh, crescere ; Tep^vos, -rpe^v'o?, a twig ; 6pl^, rpi^og, hair. Lat. ter'mes, living wood (§ 35). terra, va-rep-a, the womb (§ 80) ; Skr. stri, femina. Lat. turio, a shoot, sprout. OpiyKog, the coping (topmost course). Lat. turgco, to swell. arpaKTog, spindle, arrow. aOi'/p, the beard or spike of an ear of corn, ear of corn ; aOdpa, groats ; aOap)']?, young-womanly (blooming). eOeipa, hair, mane, crest ; eOelpw, to raise a crop, dupiro?, stalk, dpova, flowers or herbs. ai>6epeu>i>, the chin (beard). Skr. taru, arbor; taruna, adolescens. Lat. torus, protuber- ance, bulge. Lat. struo (struc'si), to pile up, erect; strues, struix, heap, pile ; struma, a swelling. crrepvov, the breast, chest ; arepvovyo 1 ;, broad-swelling ? Skr. stana, mamma ; (TTrjvlov, ctt>]0o?, breast. Lat. trixis, the plant Kporwv (§ 1). Lat. stirps, the lower part of the trunk of plants including the roots, stock, race, origin. Goth. (Itaurp, land ; Ang.-Sax. thorpe ; Ger. dor/, village. 140 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. Skr. tp, transgredi, trajicere ; tar, to pass over, to bring over ; -tcr, -rep, step of transition from one to another, correla- tion, as alter, uter, Trorepos, trepo?, and -tri, -tcr, of nouns of kindred in which it is sometimes reduced to -ri, &c, but still expresses correlation of kindred, pater, mater, &c, matertera, aunt bv mother. Lat. trans; rep'/ua, Teppovv, end (to which transition is made) ; rep-Opov, end ; Lat. termo, limit ; terminus, id. Lat. tra'mes, path across (v. 22) ; Tpd-fxi?, rpa-firj, line which divides the scrotum and crosses to the anus (v. 22). The element tr expresses transition defined by the root to which it is suffixed ; Lat. con'tra (transition between terms of mutual approach) ; iivtra ; hvtrare ; in'ter ; in'terior ; ex'tra ; ex'trare, to go out from; pcnetrare (ii. 31); ex'ter, ex'terior ; cvtra, cvter, cvterior ; ultra; ultra, remote or independent direction ; rc'tro, back direction ; Goth, tha'thro, Eng. thither ; Goth, hiclre, Eng. hither; Skr. aniar, inter, intus ; an'tarain, interius ; evTepov, intestine. Suffixes of realisation akin to Skr. trih, tarn, &c, -T>ip, -rwp; Lat. -tor, agent; -rpov, Lat. -trum, instrument; -turn, -turns. Suffixes of time thought as growth to a limit, Lat. -atrvs, trvatrus, quinqu'atrus, septim'atrus, decim'atrus, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th day after the ides; -turnus, diwturnus, Saiurnus (§ 64), longi'turnus, of long duration ; -ternus, ccternus, semprternus. § 10. tj 6 , upgrowth, outgrowth. OdXXa), to flourish, bloom ; daXXo?, a young shoot ; daXia, abundance ; T>iXe6dw, to flourish ; TevOaX-ls, knot-grass (§ 53). SeXcpvg, the womb; ifSeXcp-d?, brother; SeXtp's, dolphin (viviparous) ; SeXcp'a^, growing pig (-aic, growth ; SeXcp, pro- duce of fecundity) ; d/j-vytidX-t}, almond (§ 31) ; do-(p6SeX-o$, king's spear (lily-like plant, § 68). rvX>], swelling, lump ; t^Ao?, knob ; Lat. tutulus, hair worn piled up in a cone. Kop-SvX-7], club, lump (§ 1) ; TupSuX-ov, an umbelliferous plant, aristolochia (tuberibus radicis rotundis, ii. 20. Faccio- lati, s.v.). sec. 11.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 1 1 I | 11. t jr., pressure, up, down, forward, against, resisted. Skr. (Cri, sustentare, servare, tenere, ferre ; d'ard, ctaram, d'aritrl, terra ; d l arma, jus (the upholden, established) ; k, continuous. Skr. dvrga, longus. Seip>j, Sept), neck (length). Lat. dorsum, ridge. awSrjpov, raised bank (avd). Skr. -ti, limit of plurality ; kicti, Lat. quo't ; tod ; quoti'die (quoti, loc. ; cf. pridic, vi. 20). t/w, to appreciate ; titico, id. (Hesych.) ; ti'voh, ri'Wfu, to pay price or assessment ; Ti/ui't}, appreciation ; Tifx'Mpd? (ri^ti- oupog, ii. 13), maintainer of assessment or restitution ; Lat. ces'tim'o, to value, estimate (viii. 5); temo, money in lieu of recruits. § 14. p Q r 6 , upspring, upgrowth, outgrowth. ippeap, a well ; (pptco, to get a passage • Goth, brunna, a bec. 15.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 143 well. fipaaaoo, to throw up with violent ebullition ; fipufo), to boil. a(j)pos, foam. Trapd^vos, a virgin; Tropris, 7ropTu^, a calf; Lat. pert'n", young tree, pole ; portisculus, truncheon or rod with which time was marked for rowers ; por, boy ; pora, girl. f3paKA^'o?, chatter ; (pXolao, to burst out, swell ; ucpXoicr- /ulos, an angry man ; cJ)Xoi86od, make to swell ; (pXuKTi?, a blister ; 7rofxcp6Xv^, a bubble, boss (§ 44) ; 7, shaft, pole ; ttcoAo?, foal, young animal ; Lat. pullus, young animal ; Goth, fula, Eng. foal ; iraXXa^, Dor. for 7rc«9 ; Lat. pcllcx, concubine. 7roXv$, many, much, 7rXei(joi', 7rAe/v\>'i, tribe ; (pvXia, wild olive tree (natural production) ; Lat. films, filia ; , to bear ; Lat. few ; fonts, what bears ; fordus, pregnant; Goth, bairan, Eng. bear; Goth, ga'baur, tribute; gabaurts, birth ; gd-baurya'ba, willingly (ga with, ya verbal suff., ba adv. suff., consent to bear) ; barn, a child ; berusyos, parents; Krim. baar, a boy; Goth, barvsnyan, to show filial piety ; bruths, daughter-in-law, bride, briggan, Eng. bring. Lat. so'brinus, cousin (i. 31). Lat. infra (pressure clown, in under), in ferns; fretus, relying on (pressure down). fiapvs, heavy ; fiplOw, weigh down ; /Sjo/^w, nod ; Lat. brntns, heavy. Goth, ana'praggan, to oppress, afflict. Skr. parmi, calx; Goth, fairzna, the heel; irepva, fnam ; Lat. perna } ham with leg. -'■<■• 13.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE <>F UTTERANCE. 1 I 5 ■JTfjvfxvug, hindmost, undermost ; Trpe/uvov, bottom, root ; Lit. premo ; pre'lum, wine or oil press. Skr. pri, pri, prin, purv, implere. Lat. farcio, to stuff; frequens. Skr. 1> ri^'a, powerful, strong, vehement. Lat. firmus (pressure resisted). (pupvfxos, bold. ppevOos, bird of stately carriage (pressure up) ; fipaOu, juuiperus sabina (straight growth). Lat. bratus, tree like cypress. Goth, brakya, struggle; brikan, to strive; bruks, useful; Ger. bratiehcu, to need ; bra/uchbar, useful (tension of struggle and of need ; cf. xP (i03 > ^ c -> § ^)- ^ 18. p 6 l & yj pressure up, outward, forward, down. (HpeWco, to increase, strengthen ; ocpeXos, furtherance, ad- vantage, help ; 6(f)e\\(jt), to owe (to be an increase to) ; d^)e/Xw, ('xjjXw, id. ; wcpeXeco, to help. Lat. fclic, favourable, successful, lucky. Lat. ful'cio ; falere, a pile or pedestal ; fata, raised scaffold- ing ; fcdisca, rack for fodder; sufjla'men, break under wheel. 7ri/j.7r\t]jULi : to fill ; 7rXeo?, 7rXeio?, full, complete ; ttXi'iOco, to be full, swell ; irXeQpov, complete measure of length or area (/.'., 100 feet, or 10,000 square feet) ; irXei-wv, full time, year (^ 37) ; 7rXij(T/u>], irXi'/fjifj.}], rising of water ; ifKrffi'fwp'l^, swell of sea, flood (v. 8) ; Lat. pleo ; plains ; locwples (§ 90) ; man'i'- pul'us, handful; Goth, fulls, Eng. full. Goth, baltha, Eng. bold. Lat. ptla, a mortar, pillar, pile ; pilum, pestle, heavy javelin ; pilo, to press close, thrust home ; pilus, century of the triarii in legion ; pttatim, in close bodies ; 7riXo$, felt (pressed wool or hair); Lat. pileus, felt cap; pil'ent'um, carriage with felt (Facciolati, § 99); im'pilia,. felt shoes or socks. Lat. fullo, a fuller. Lit. planta, scion (graft), plant, sole; plantago, plantain. TTcXfxa, sole, stalk. acpeXa?, footstool, rowing-bench. cpXid, doorpost, lintel, post of windlass. (3>]Xa, sandals; (3>iX6<;, threshold; 6e(3>jXos, pro fan us (trod- den) ; ap-(3>]Xo$, shoemaker's knife (apoo, i. 20) ; ap-(3uXi], hah" boot ((tpoo) ; vXia, sole of a shoe ; Lat. ped'ule, sole (§ 40). k • 146 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v.. § 19. pfo p 6 r 6 , mjf y fl> v# v lf v impact. Lat. petto, to push, strike. Skr. bal, ferire ; /3d\\u\ to throw so as to hit ; f3e\os, a missile ; dfioXeco, to meet (cf. /cup'to) ; /3AaWco, pXucricw perf. /uLe/j.(3\a)Ka, p.o\ea), to come or go to (arriving). 7rX?/a-crco, to strike ; e/c-7ra7\o9, tremendous (for eiarXayos) ; Lat. plaga, a blow ; pfo-fo, to hit, punish ; supplic-ium, punish- ment (under blows) ; Goth, ficlmn, to beat. Lat. pi cni do, to clap ; irXarda-crw, to slap, clap ; Xaruarrrw, to clap, strike ; Aara£, splash. Lat. fiagrum, Jlagellum, a whip, scourge; filgo, to strike. Lat. plango, to beat, mourn (beating breast, &c). Goth. Uijgvan, to beat (blig = b'lig = Lat. fl'uj). Goth, htl ra-TCsei, malice (cisan, to be). Skr. bark, b'arV, f erio ; Lat./eno; wrkT, a lash. Lat. vcqrulo, to be beaten (as if denom. from vapulus, to be realiser of a beating). § 20. p r , breaking forth, forward. Skr. pra, irpo ; Trpryi')'/?, Trpa-vrjs, Lat. pro'nus, prone (ii. 32) ; pro {prod, i. 1); prodius, farther ; procer, chief; irp6 {irpo-- ryoo), iroppw, farther; Lat. porro, id.; irpo-fxos, leader; Goth. frums, beginning; icpirrtv, of last year (f e-ro) ; Skr. pra'H, contra, e regione, erga (i. 1); irporl, irpos; irplv, formerly (5 37) ; Trejo', before, above, beyond ; irep, emphatic ; Lat. per-, very; Goth, frauya, master; irporavis, prince {irpo'ravis, -ravi, suff.) ; Lat. yra Ora-i, loc), prmtor, prartura (§ 9) ; ^r« ■*, at hand (-s adv., i. 9); prces-tigia, illusion (§ 126) ; prarter (prce + ter, transition, § 9); Skr. pra'dus, manifesto (§ 127); pra'tar, mane (fore part, correlative of later part, § 9). Skr. pur, praecedere ; purva, prior, oriental's; Goth, faur, faura, Eng.fore; faurthis, formerly, before; Skr. puras, ante, coram; pura. olim ; w/xw, in the morning (-rrprnft ; ^Snf, loc.) ; Trpw-pa, pn>\v; Lat. ^rora, id.; irpw'-n-epvcri, two years ago; 7rt7rowT«j, it has been destined. xapo?, before, formerly ; irapo&ev, Trpoo-Qe, before, in front (i. 1); Trapovrepoei$, prudence ; Sculppoov, wise (§ 127); (ppovTis, care; ev-cj)paiva>, to cheer; Trpo-cbpacrcra, fern, well inclined. Lat, Hen, renes, kidneys. cr7rAa'yvi'«, vital organs; cnrAjyj/, spleen ; Skr. pllhan, id.; Lat. lien, id. a-jrXeKOco, to have sexual intercourse. (p:\os, what has our life or our love ; (pivrK, Dor. = }plov (fiip'iov), a mound ; opo$, oi>po$, a mountain ; (popo?) ; fiopea?, the mountain wind. Lat. volema pira, kind of large pear. Lat. vulgus, crowd, the multitude. Goth, valus, rod, stick. yue'XXw, /3e'XXw (jeWco), to be on the point to. § 24. vr , v 6 L, pressure or pull, with sense of movement in a direction. op66s, fiopOo?, operas, Lac. fiopvos, straight (right on). Lat. call us, stake ; ydXXo?, y\os, nail. Lat. cello ; eX/cw, to draw (feX/cw). § 25. r ?• , c.L, r„ A'./v, energy which issues in force. Skr. rem, heros; i'ipu>, -£«>, to do (fpeyyu)) ; CjO'ya£ft>, to knead, work ; opyavov, instrument; Goth, canrlci/an, Eng. to work ; vaurstv, work (for raiirhtc). Lat. urgeo. Lat. riolo ; 'V^t'?, strength (fi'a-^v^, § G3) ; /3:u, force, strength. Lat. g-weo. 150 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. 5 26. v.r.. vj., s.v.r., tension of desire or will or expectation /A>/£, § 15) ; mar' on' ion, the centaurea major (has head like the poppy). § 29. m. 6 Z 6 , growth, increase. /ue\Xa£, a boy ; fia\ecv, to grow (Ilesych.) ; TiOu'/uaXog, spurge, euphorbia (juicy growth, x. 8) ; fxaXa, very ; fiaXXov, more (fxaXiov) ; Lat. melior, Old Lat. melt'om = meliorem; sec. 32.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 15 L milk ; mnltus ; fa'rmilus (§ 38), fa: mil- ia (§ 38). /x»?Xoi/, fruit ; Lat. malum, id. ; mclo, melon ; mallo, stem of the onion, tumour ; jiinhniilrnm, a plant; nudandria, pustules; cent'imalU, instru- ment for letting off gathered humours {tcevreo)). /ulwXv, /uuoXv^a, garlic (tuberous). Lat. mularis, the plant nodia (knotty). § 30. mL pressure, effort. Lat. moles, heavy mass ; molior, move with great momen- tum ; juo\i9, hardly. S 31. mjc„ nj:., m,, growth. Skr. mah, great, mighty plentiful; mahl, fem. the earth; Goth, magus, boy, child (growth); magaths, maid ; mavi, girl (magwi, fem. of magus, Grimm) ; ma'wab 7 greater ; ma'is, more. oyicos, bulk, tumour ; oyxyii, pear tree, pear ; Skr. d^', coacervare. Lat. magnus ; iu.eya$ (jueyaX-), great; Goth, mikils, great; Lat. m agister (-ster, correlative, § 9). Skr. maks, coacervare ; Kpoo'/jia^, -a/co?, a heap of stones (vii. 1); kXw-julu^, id. (vii. 2). /ua/cpos, long; firjicos, length; /ue'^o/f, up to, as far as, until that. Skr. mukula, gemma arboris ; /xw?/?, mushroom, knob, mem- brum virile ; /uuiaipo?, almond ; /xvkXos, stallion-ass ; //wXo?, Hiv^Xog, /iu^Xof, lewd ; Lat. mulus ; [xviuc-avdo^, wild asparagus (perhaps from knobby head, avdos) ; /ulvkwu, f^v-^wv, lobe of ear ; ufxvySaX-t], almond (§ 10) ; /uu^a, kind of plum ; nayuSapis, seed of crlXchiov (iii. 13) ; /nejuuKvXov, /u.ai/xaKvXou, fruit of straw- berry tree. Lat. nux, nut. /jli'jkwv, poppy head. Skr. malri, ju7/-T>]p, mother; Lat. ma'tcr ; mci'trix, breeding animal, womb, belly ; jmaia, nurse, mother (increase) ; Oscan. mmsius, Lat. majus, May (growing) ; mevtu'rus, ripe, early (-tu-, time, § 57, full time, beginning or growing time) ; ma'tw- tin'us ; Skr. Ved. ma'tdr, creator ; mdlra, materies ; Lat. md'teries ; fidrSpva, aSpva, fruit-trees (S 9). S 32. m .s., growth. yuoV^of, shoot, young animal ; /x/0-^09, stalk ; /uicrv, truffle ; Lat. muscus, moss; mu&tiLS, young, new, fresh; mustum, new 152 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. wine ; must'dce, lauri genus maximo folio (-a£, amplif. suff.) ; must' ell' ago = laurago (must = young shoot). S 33. m l\,*,m .l\, effort, strength. The free passage of breath 6 0' 00 6' ° in in the nasal, followed by its interruption in the mute, gives a sense of force encountering resistance. fxayo?, lAoyQos, toil; /xo^Xo'f, lever, bar; Goth, magan, to be able, Eng. may; Ang.-Sax. mdgen, Eng. main, strength; Goth, mahts, Eng. might ; /uoyepos, a-fxvyepo?, distressed. jud-^ojULai, to fight, struggle with. Lat. dimico, to fight, struggle. 'GO' S 34. vJ„ vjk, increase, extension to a limit. O G 6' b u' Skr. ut, ud, sursum ; uMk'a, altus (ut'h'a) ; ud'ara, venter, swelling of the body; Lat. irtrr (ud'ter), bag made of skin for wine, &c. ; wterus, the womb (rises, swells) ; ttX'ovtos, riches (^ 15) ; Kepovrlag, qui tollit cornua ; oihaco, to swell ; vSvov, oISvov, truffle ; v$i>eu>, to nourish ; -vovt], nourished. Skr. ud'as, ud'an, ud'ar, udder ; ovOap, udder ; Lat. uber, udder; uber, plentiful; Goth, and, bonum ; Old Norse, amir. opes ; Aug. -Sax. ead, bonum, felicitas. Skr. ta'vant, tarn magnus ; Lat. tardus, quantus ; vent'er ; 7rpe'oov, headland ; Lat. ann'on'a, supply of provisions (§ 101) ; -<.ov, Lat. -on, amplif. suff. ; mar'on'ion (§ 28) ; ouv (grows out of what precedes). ovdvkevuj, /3oii6u\evu>, to dress with forced meat, stuffing, &c. ; aXX'ay, -dvros, sausage (ii. 10). Skr. vatsa, proles, vitulus, (in allocutione) earns, amicus ; eTtjs, clansman (ferrjs) ; trapoq, eraipo?, companion, friend ; vitulus, a calf ; iraXog, id. Skr. iyant, tantum ; hiyant, quantum (v dropped from vant) : >fuTe, as (cf. yavat) ; Skr. td'vant, so great, so far, so long in time; ya'vant, yavat (how great, how far, how long in time); ero? (feros), year ; Skr. vat'sara, annus, the fifth year in the five- or six-year cycle, also sixth year in the six-year cycle (v. (i, recurrent period) ; 7T|0>/t>h', last year's ; crijre?, tijtcs, this year (i. 3); Lat. vet'us; evravros, period, year (§ 37, evo$-\- ero?, farog). § 35. mj„ m.n , bigness, increase. unrig, great (Hesych.) ; /unai, very (Hesych.) ; met'd'lx, sec. 37.1 GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 153 meddix, medix, mcdixtuticus (§ 58), supreme magistrate, Oscan. (fxan + Skr. ty' dominari = matyic, met'd'zc) ; medi'pontus, thick rope (ii. 33). fivSpos, lump ; fjiuSoov, fungous flesh ; /ULvrrcuces, fungi ; Lat. in nl nl 'i/x, in architecture a projecting piece. yep-fxdg, -dSos, a stone (vii. 1). Skr. med'ra, penis, hircus ; fie^ea, /uu'fiea, virilia ; Lat. men- tula, the penis; mulo, id.; Ir. mcid, bigness; meidhe, stock, trunk; meideach, stallion ; Lat. fo'mes, firewood (§ 115); pal- me s, young wood (§ 15) ; termes, living wood (§ 9). Lat. mantissa, addition as makeweight, gain. Lat. mans ; mineo (eminens, &c.) ; ad'min'iculum, prop, aid. [xovOvXevoD, to dress with forced meat, stuffing, &c. afJLelvoov (d/uLevlcov), stouter, better. ave-[j.u>v>i, anemone (up- growth) ; apye-fxdoi'-}], poppy (§ 122); TroXe-ficov'iov, wild sage (viii. 10). Goth, manags, Eng. many. § 36. vs , m s a , increase, growth, extension to a limit. O 6 b b ° Skr. vasu, res, divitiaa, adj. good up to requirement; vasna, pretium, price, value, reward, wages. -r]v, formerly, lately (§ 20); -wv limit of time, arwi/age, final syllable of the names of the months, Trkecwv full time (§ 18). us'que, us'quam, us'piam (limit of extention //*, indefinite). ijvCKa, ir'T]vi'Ka, when ; T'rjviKa then (§ 8) ; ai'dvys, artjvi'ig, everlasting (v. 24) ; >/i/-e/o/?, long (e/07?, suff.). Goth. //r«?i, sum-an, Eng. £A.W, some time. Sovp-yveiceg, spear's cast (spear-reach) ; Kevrp-rju'eicfc, goad- reached. 154 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vr. evos, last year's, last day of month, after interval of a day (limit of time) ; evcavros, period, year (§ 34) ; pereivdie (§ 20) ; anus, old woman (limit of life); i]vis, yearling. Lat. inter'im, ol'im (i. 5); irp'iv, before-time (§ 20); Lat. bimus, trimus, quadrimus, two, three, four years old (im, limited time). § 38. p 6 , growth, production, increase. Ski*, h'u, esse, fieri; h u, bumi, terra; (puo\ to produce; inrep-cpev, uirep'(pvod$, excessively; Lat. fui ; futo. freq. futarc = sapius fuissc ; futatim, abundantly, frequently ; fctwo, coire cum femina, Lat. tri'bus, Umbr. trefu (i. 3). 6\o']\e-(prop, wild purslane (ii. 19) ; virep-(praAos, haughty. Skr. pu'tra, filius ; pu'trz, filia ; Lat. pwer, pu'ella; irais, Trail's (xaf i$), child ; Tro'i'iw, to make, do (perhaps from a noun, iroFios) ; Lat. pubes, mature growth ; Skr. pu'.ma's (§ 31), pus, mas, vir. Skr. pi, fecundum reddere, augere, opimari, to swell; pinv, implere, to swell, make abundant ; plv, pinguem magnum esse ; pyai, pinguescere, to swell, be full; ir'iwv, fat; irlap, fat, sb. ; iriapu?, fat, fern, ine'ipa (Skr. pivart) ; production, breaking forth, in- crease of substance or force. (pirvw, to produce ; ]?, swineherd ; fiova (Lac.) = ayeX>] iralooov (increase). Lat. hestia (growth of life) ; Irish, beathain, headh, suste- nance ; beathach, bias, beast. Goth, lota, profit ; batiza, Eng. better ; Eng. bate, to refresh. ftoi), succour ; fioiyOos, helper. § 40. p 6 t 6 , p 6 s & p 6 n ff p 6 m 6 , p 6 , pjc & r/ i; , pressure down, pres- sure, impact. TruOfxiji', 7rvv()uj~, the bottom ; -Trufxarog, the nethermost, last ; ttovtos, the sea (the deep) ; \j/u(W, downward, steep ; Lat. puteus, pit; 2^ssnm, to the bottom; podcx, the anus. (3ev6os, the depth of the sea ; fiv96$, /3i/cnxo9, id. ; a/^Wcro?, <"i(3v6o$, bottomless; fiaOus, deep; fioOpos, hole, pit; Lat. buln- lus t sausage; (Srio-aa, glen; tiQuc (3wo-, to build nest (make nursing-bottom x. 8); Lat. bvMum, tomb; (aXtyfiduoo, to sink in the sea ; (3u(t), to stuff. Lat. lonyabo, the rectum ; apex'abo, a sausage with an apex ; ab'domen, the paunch (§ GO) ; Irish, abhach, the entrails of a beast. (3u7tt(d, to clip (e(3d, to dance ; -jrpo-fia-rov, cattle, sheep (walk forward) ; ftwp.69, raised platform, stand (to mount). fiuKTpov, a staff; Lat. baculum, id.; bacillwfn, dimirk Goth, bain, Eng. bone, Ger. bein (bein, leg^ indicates that the idea is pressure on support, as in the root /3«, of which per- haps the initial b was left as /; in bindan, ii. 33) because iiothic had no initial p). Trufiapify, to hop, dance; trip ml "in in, dance, hopping of grains (§ 11). ^ ^ ~ 7rt]§6v s blade of oar ; 7r>]i)a\iov } rudder ; 7r>j()iyyla t ava- rice ; (bifjios, muzzle ; Lat. spissus, thick, close. Skr. pld. premere ; Goth. fitan, to travail in birth. Lat. fistuca, rammer, beetle; infestus, pointed against; /' ndo, to strike. TTUTuarao), to strike, knock ; ttitvXos, stroke, beating 1 . Lat. but no, to beat ; anda'batu, a gladiator who fought blinded (§ 127). Skr. rod', pulsare, tundere, occidere. vad\ bad', to press ; M0tw, to thrust, push. § 41. p 6 , pf ., pji- 6 , force, power of possession. Goth, aba, man, husband ; abrs, mighty. Skr. pat, dominari, to be in possession ; pati, dominus, maritus, master ; patnl, uxor, mistress ; iromna, lady, mistress ; iroViy, husband ; Lat. potis ; possum ; possideo ; possido, to take possession; potio, to put into the power of; potior; Goth. -faths, master ; Secr-7r6rt]9, master (§ 51) ; 8eo"iroiva. (evo9, wealth ; d(pi>eio$, wealthy. § 43. 2Ve> swellin g- (pvo-dot)., , a kind of gourd (§ 15); Lat. boa, eruption, swelling. fiovfiwv, groin (where the parts rise) ; Lat. buhinare, men- struo sanguine inquinare. Lat. bufo, toad = (pu&uXos (as if swollen). sec. 50.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF QTTERANCE. 1 59 Bovvos, hill ; fiovviovi earth-nut ; fiowius, plant of the rape kind. Skr. punga, multitude ; pun'g'a, heap, mass ; puga, corpora- tion, multitude, host. 6\o'(puyS(cv, a large pimple (§ 86); (jwyeOXov, swelling of glands. ]kiu>, to gush forth. § 49. /"./.'., p*k , p .'" .. pressure of support, effort, force density, impact. Skr. vah, vehere ; Lat. velio ; Goth. Krim. waghen ; Eng. waggon. Skr. rah, bah, operam dare, niti ; Lat. vehemens ; Goth. n iij(n), Eng. vie. Lat. pervious, obstinate ; vinco, to conquer. Lat. im'becillus. irvK'vo?, irvica, 7revK'u.\i/ui.os, close packed, thick ; tt^o?, Lat. buxus, box-tree (densa foliis) ; iru-^u, to increase ; av^'s, kind of tunny ; Goth, vahsyan, to grow ; vaihts, thing ; Eng. whit. Lat. augeo, to increase with substance or force; aiictum'nus (§ 57); auctor ; auctoritas ; audio; auxilium ; Goth, aukan, to increase; auk, moreover; ak, but; Goth. roJcrs, usury. Goth, auhuma, high. oyjQos, o^'drj, rising ground, hill, bank ; o^dew, to swell with emotion ; o^0-o./,'., p.n,, tension 0' b' 0' 0' o J- o o' J- 6' of desire, hope, expectation, purpose, towards its object or reaching its object ; breath presses through closure in i. Skr. r«x> ^o,nks, vau'k", desiderare, optare ; r ccf)(a, voluntas, potestas, imperium ; avu^ (fam£), king (determines by his will) ; avatccos, with good heed ; €kwi> (peKwi/), willing ; eiajTi, by grace of, by virtue of, on account of, quod attinet ad (dat. like i6t)]ti) ; aeicoov, oikcov, against one's will ; eu^o/nai, to pray, wish for (cf. Skr. van'k'\) ; Lat. percunc'tor, to ask parti- cularly (§ 22); Ger. wiinschm, Eng. wish; eveica., by virtue of, on account of, quod attinet ad (Skr. tank'* ; cf. Ger. innivillen). Skr. van, amare, cupere, venerari; Lat. veneror (seek favour) ; rrn.it /, favour ; Venus ; venustus, lovely ; vinnulus, sweet, delight- ful ; venor, to hunt after ; Goth, un'vunands, troubled ; vens, ex- pectation, hope ; Skr. vd'ma, pulcher (van'ma). Skr. v't, desiderare, amare ; fit •veco, coire cum femina ; arras, beloved youth; Lat. in'intus, unwilling; vi'tulor, make joyful thanksgiving ; avmaros (avofiaTos), unexpected ; oiw, oiofxai, to look for, purpose, expect, think. Goth, vcihs, holy (devoted to the gods for worship) ; Lat. victim a. Skr. vas, amare ; a/3e, to desire (Hesych.) ; in'ves'tis, pure of intercourse with women ; ves'ti'ceps, of puberty, im- moral (ii. 8). Skr. ril, voluptate frui, colere. Lat. voveo, to vow, wish. Skr. A'"//- venerari, amare. Skr. manks, to wish, desire ; mahgala, luck, blessing; man'h', venerari; mah, to honour, hallow, delight, rejoice; maha, holiday, festival ; /xnKUf), blessed; Lat. mac'tus, glorified, hon- 53 i GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 161 oured ; macto, to glorify, offer sacrifice; mag'mentum, offering ; /ix(iy o$, Magian. Skr. pan, to admire. S 53. tJc., t 6 u 6 , t 6 v & , increase, production, arrival at realisa- tion ; the breath presses over the root of the tongue in u. Skr. daks, crescere, be of use for ; daJcsa, aptus, habilis, dexter (serviceable, productive of what is wanted) ; dakdna, d extra ; 8e'£io$, on the right ; Lat. dexter, on the right iter, correl. one of two, § 9) ; Goth, taihsvs, §e£io$. Skr. tu, crescere, to have worth or might (development) ; tu in/a, altus ; tuka, proles; rcti/?, ravs, great, much; Skr. tlv, corpulentum, turgidum esse ; Lat. (Sab.) tela, a hill ; tuber, a knob ; tuber, an apple. Skr. tahnan, child ; tiktoo, to beget, bring forth ; re/coy, t&kvov, child ; tok€u$, parent ; Goth, theihan, to thrive ; tlicihs, time, y^povos, icaipos (growth) ; Lat. tignum, building material ; ret^os, wall of a town ; to!)(os, wall of a house ; tcktwv, builder ; -reyvi], art ; Skr. talcs, facere, fabricari ; reu'^w (red. aor. infin. Terviceiv), to prepare, make ready, make ; revyog, a tool ; TiTva-KOfxai, to prepare, make, aim ; ti'/co?, rvyos, tool for work with stones. evSvK-ews, serviceably (cf. daJcsa). Goth, tact/an, to do, make (production) ; taui, work. ^u'va-jxaL, to be able. Goth, dugan, to be of use, serviceable ; dauhts, a feast, entertainment. Lat. dautia, public banquet. Goth, digrei, thickness, plenty. Goth, tagl, hair (outgrowth, see § 9) ; Ang.-Sax. tdgel, Eng. ta il ; Old Norse, tag, twig. Tvyxfiiw, to hit a mark, meet, happen, come to pass ; Tvyji, chance. Skr. ihilivtri, Qvyd-nip, Goth, dauJvtar, Eng. daughter; Goth, ga'dauJcans, family. The root in duhitri is duh, in the other words d'ug, the t in dauhtar requiring h before it instead of k, the meaning is production ; duh and dvy are reducible on Grassmann's principle to d'ug'. German zeugen, to engender, produce, supposes an original root dak, akin to daks. L 1 62 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. v.. Tevylrt^, a kind of fragrant grass (vii. 11) ; revOaXis, knot- grass (§ 10) ; rev-QpLov (ii. 20), reu'Kpiov (ii. 3), kinds of chamaedrys. In these, rev probably expresses growth as a tuft ; cf. Skr. tu, rav?. yi'j-Ouov, yiyreiov, kind of leek (§ 67). S 54. t 6 , t Q s t , pressure of holding fast, firmness. Skr. daman, funis, taenia. dew, to bind ; $eju.a, band ; Sear'fios, bond ; Sea-TTOT-tjs, master (S 41); Sea-Troiva, mistress (SeinroTvia, § 41); Lat. di'tio, dominion. Goth, ga'ihvast'yan, to establish, fasten. S 55. tjc a , tji,, iJ B , tension, straight, direct. S 6 6 to (r to 6' Lat. duco ; Goth, tiultan, to draw. idus, direct effort or impulse ; 1669, direct ; ev-Quj-6d). § 58. t 6 , n 6 t 6 , s G t 6 , production, growth. Skr. adi, primus, initium ; anda, ovum, testiculus ; Goth. Krim. ada, egg. Lat. cal'cndcv, beginning of the month (S 8). atria, cause ; alrios, guilty. Skr. attd, mater, an elder sister, elder sister of mother arret, Lat. atta, Goth, atta, father; Goth, aithci, mother. 104 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. ri'iOt], grandmother ; rtjO!?, TijOl-firos (i. 8), aunt (the redu- plication probably indicates kindred of the second degree, strengthened by fii, which expresses the collateral, see i. 8 ; kindred being thought in its origin, viz. generation) ; Oe'io?, uncle (the i makes the kindred proximate). i, old word for yvvi'i. rdra, Terra, Lat. tat a, terms of address to elders, father ; Skr. tata, amicus (used only in vocative). a$)'jv, acorn. Lat. ador, spelt. SoOn'jv, a small abscess or boil. avOos, flower, shoot ; vaucivO'os, hyacinth (§ 120) ; epe(3-ivQ-os (ii. 53); \e(3'iv9-og (ii. 51); chick-pea; 'tovOog, root of hair, young hair, eruption; Skr. and'as, herb, verdure. Goth, thiuda, nation, people; thiudans, king (author of national greatness) ; Oscan. meddix'tuticus, supreme magistrate (§ 35) ; Lat. totus. TiT-a.%, king; tit'^vij, queen (Hesych.). G-oth. thiuth, good; thius, servant, thivi, fern, (productive); t/irris, neut. servant. 0»/9, hired servant. St]-fjio?, land, people; Siyfjajnip, Ceres ; Lat. damium, sacrifi- cium Bonaa Dea3 (§d/nos) ; Sea, $>} = yala, yrj. Skr. nit-amba, collis, nates (§ 78); Lat. natis, rump; nates, buttocks. 5 59. t a , -si., increase, progress. O . 6' b b ■*■ ° Skr. ed', augere, to thrive ; Lat. ob'csus (cf . oblongus). aSivos, abundant, vehement ; a$po$, full grown, strong, great ; aS-fi-aivco = vyiaivw (Hesych.) ; aS'Sij*, - a measure (full content, i. 21). Skr. ati, trans, ultra; Lat. at'avus (pater, avus, proavus, dbavus, atavus, tritavus) ', en, yet, still, further; Lat. etiam, et. Skr. at'a, at'o, deinde, etiam. Lat. ad, at, particle of addition; Goth, ath'than, but, for, and (than, accus. of the demons., i. 2, 3). § 60. t 6 , t 6 p & , pressure down. Skr. ad'i, super; ad' as, sub (i. 0); ad'a'ra, inferior; acfa-ma, infimus. The -i of ad'i is of locative significance, the -a of ad' a expresses motion. Pressure down in position is BEo. 61.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 165 support, but pressure down with motion expresses what goes down. a$es = 7ro'^e? ; aSios, downward, steep. e-n-)')Tpt/uos, thick, thronged ; ewijer'avos, abundant (cf. Lat. sat). Su7reSov, TonreSov (SydireSov), floor, ground (cf. TreSov, § 40) ; €v8utt6$, native ; uXXoSwrrog, foreign ; woiiu7rus, 7ro"Ta7ro?, from what country ; 7ravTo-Sa7r6$, of all sorts (countries) ; T>/Ae-^a7ro9, from a far country ; r)[Ae-8a7r6s, of our country. Sams, Tcnrqs, carpet, rug ; Lat. tapete, carpet. Tcnrewos, low. T], burial ; dcnrToo, to bury ; rucppo?, a trench. eSa(po$, bottom, ground ; Si, to dive. Goth, diups, Eng. deep ; daupyan, to dip. Lat. tibia, the shin-bone (cf. crreZ/Sto, § 71). Ti], water-spider that runs on top of water, kind of boat (pressure supported) ; Lat. tvppula, water-spider ; rictus, night- mare. Svoo, to cause to sink, to plunge, to get into ; ivSvco, Lat. induo, to get into, to put on; eV<5Jco, to get out of, strip off; Lat. exuo (exduo), ex'dutce = exuvice ; ex'uvice, what is stripped off (v euphonic) ; iivduvice, clothes ; re'duvia, cutis circa ungues resoluta ; iivdwsium, woman's under garment. Tu

j, plant used for stuffing ; Lat. to'mentum x stuffing of cushions. Lat. adep's, fat, corpulence; Siy^os, fat of the paunch; Lat. db'do'men (§ 40). S 61. t a , t r s., tension of desire to its object. O 6' o 6 Skr. d\ colere, venerari, to wish. Irish, deidh, desire, longing. SllC'rifiat, to seek ; fyT'ew, to seek. eiri'TtjS-es, enough for the purpose, on purpose (rtjS, pur- pose). Oeo-arucrOai, to desire, pray for ; -dearo?, desired. Oeo'?, god (Oeo-o'?, see Curtius, who connects it with the 166 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. preceding) ; OeV/ce-Ao?, godlike (§ 124) ; Qea-ivig, inspired in speech (ix. 25) ; 6ea-i/, g-klttuiv, cr/ca- 7T09, a staff; a-KU7r'epS-a, a game of two lifting each other by rope through a pole (§ 91); Lat. scapits, a shaft; scipio, a staff; scopus, scojpio, stalk or pedicle of grapes. a-fcOog, a burden ; a^'flo/Aai, to be weighed down, grieved. sue. 85.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 1 67 iir'eiyu), to press on ; ^X" ,/0? ' f°°tstep, trace, sole ; acpiov, l-aised deck, scaffold (footing). Skr. ay', to drive ; uyw, to lead, bring ; Lat. ago, to drive, lead, apply energy; auriga, driver with reins (aure'ago, ii. 12); quadrigae, four horse (guadri'agd) ; uyooi', assembly (bringing), contest (force) ; uyvid, street, public place (where they bring, &c.) ; ^yiofiai, to lead, lead to an estimate ; dyvvOeg, weights to stretch threads of warp (ii. 58) ; aypos, land (where one drives or leads) ; Goth, akrs, land; Eng. acre; Lat. ager, per'eger (Skr. para, alius); mi'gro (Skr. ml, ire; me, mutare) ; ex'ag'ium, a weighing, balance (the balance shows how much weight the thing draws, i.e., agit, and the utmost that it draws, i.e., exigit) ; agina, the opening in which the tongue of the balance plays (the drawing place) ; examen, the tongue of balance (indicates the utmost draught, exagmen), swarm (led forth). /c' ( ., impact, aK'fxwv, anvil. Lat. ico, to strike ; 'lySis, a mortar, a stamping dance. S 64. s,. s.t,, s.n,, tension, line drawn, extension of space, of time. Skr. sl'td, a furrow ; si-man, m.aso. the division of the hair, fern, boundary, scrotum (from the line on it) ; slra, a plough ; send, battle array, army drawn up. Skr. snayic, tendo, nervus. 0. H. Ger. sinnan, proficisci, tendere ; Goth, gasin'fha, fellow-traveller; sanrl'yan, Eng. send (cans.). Skr. san'd, semper, von jeher; Lat. semper (§ 27); Ang.- Sax. sin, perpetuo ; Ger. sin-griln, evergreen. Skr. sa-dd, semper (§ 57); Lat. Sa-turnus (§ 9); sce'cidum ; se'dum, house-leek, called also semperfiorum, sempervivum, aizoon (cf. Skr. sadd). Lat. scircx ; sen'sim, slowly ; Goth, sins, old ; sineigs, seneigs, old; sainyan, to tarry, delay. Goth, seithu, late; -stiths, longer time. S 65. /•///,,, Z'.-s\„ k M extension of time. O 6 6' t> 6 6' f Skr. x' rt X'' ' vani > continually recurrent, every (iv. 6); %ana, ■vanais (instr.), tarde, lente ; Lat. cunc'tor, to tarry, wait ; cascus, old (Oscan.) ; cas'nar, old man (Oscan. Skr. nri, viii. 3). 168 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vr. § 66. k 6 n 6 , production, growth. Skr. g'on, gignere ; /am, g'ani, mulier, uxor ; ylyvofxai, eyevo^v, 2nd aor., to come into being ; yeved, race, time or place in reference to birth ; ydva, woman ; yi»'i'n>'- //-;>-); Goth. quern, a wife; quino, a woman; kuni, race; hnoda, stock ; kindins, chief (of clan). yiyyis, plant of rape or turnip kind (growth of tuber). Lat. cunnus, pudendum muliebre, courtesan. Lat. cuncs, cradle, nest of bird, birth or earliest childhood ; cunabula, id. Skr. km", kanya, puella ; kanlyas, junior ; kolivo?, new. Skr. kandala, germen, surculus ; kanda, radix bulbosa escu- lenta ; kov$v\os, knob ; koXo'kvvOos, round pumpkin (ii. 1). yovvo?, hill (cf. fiowo?, § 48) ; rfioov, tjow, beach, bank of river (akin to yovvo?, cf. § 07, Skr. go, yafi- yrji'-, at-). •vtovw/jLi, to heap up earth; Goth, fair'guni, mountain (§20). Irish, chuachd, massa, caput; cnoc, a hill; cnag, a knob. Skr. naga, mons, arbor. Goth, dirginnan, Eng. begin (du = Eng. to); gansyan, to cause. Lat. conor, to undertake. § 67. v 6 , k 6 v G , k 6 s 6 , k 6 , growth, production. Skr. x'vh crescere, tumescere; icveoo, to be pregnant; kuu>, to have in the womb, to impregnate ; Kol>ifxa, Ki»]^.a, that which is conceived ; kokuui, the ancients (cf. yeyeios, § 60) ; Kv^ia, wave ; koXo-kujuu, large wave (ii. 1). wo. 09.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 169 eyKia(T)j(Ti f ructus ; X a $P a > g ramen recens; ha-rturl, mos- chus (§ 9); Kaans, Karri yvrp-o^ (§ 60), brother, sister; Kacrcris, brood, hatching (Hesych.) ; Kcicrau, Kuo-avpu (avpda>), Kapi?, Ka] (a\io, fut. 09, close mass ; araov, Lat. tympanum, drum ; tituho, to stumble (redup.). delvte, to strike, dash (Qev, cf. -ferido). % 75. /,»; ., swelling. Lat. tama, swelling of feet and legs; tumco ; tumulus, a mound ; tviu(3o$, tomb. § 76. t 6 m Q , y 6 m Q , repression. Skr. dam, domare ; ^a/j-aCw, Sdfxvq/uu, to subdue ; Lat. domo ; dominus, dominor ; aS/uevi?, fern., arfj-i'iv, masc, slave, servant ; §/ulu>$, servant ; Goth, ga'tamyan, Eng. to tamie. Skr. dama, refrenatio, poena, mulcta ; Lat. damnum, fine, penalty, damage ; danvno, to condemn, sentence. Goth, fauvdammyan, to stop ; Eng. dam ; Goth, doms, judg- ment ; Eng. doom. Skr. yam, cohibere ; yantri, auriga; >iiua, reins; fyy-ia, fine, penalty, damage ; Xwvrelov, fyrpelov, place of punishment for slaves ; XnTpog, an executioner. § 77. k 6 p 6 , upgrowth, protuberance, pressure up. KechaXy'i, /ce/3A?/, head; Kv(3r/, Kv(pt], head; Lat. caput ; tnivccps (mons), third (hill); Goth, hanbitli, Ang.-Sax. heafud, Eng. head ; Krim. hoef, id. Skr. kubg'a, gibbosus; v/36$, humpbacked; Lat. gibbus, humped ; Goth, hups, Eng. hip. Goth, gibla, Eng. gable. sec. 81.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANVK. I , :] Kvirpis, the bloorn of the olive and vine, the glans penis ; kvttoivo?, kind of carp ; ko)/3u>$, Lat. gohius, fish, gudgeon (large head). Goth, hafyan, to lift, Eng. heave. § 78. /// ./;,, 2V Ve' Vo> swellin g> expansion. Skr. nit'amba, collis, nates (§ 58). a/xfiuiv, afj./3)], any rising, as of hill, lip, edge, bottom ; Lat. ampulla, globular vessel ; ampins, spacious, large. Lat. umbo, convex elevation ; umbilicus, navel ; d/u(pu\6$, navel ; Kopviufio?, round head (§ 1) ; icp'aiu./3t] 9 cabbage (round head). Skr. nlv, magnum turgidum esse. Skr. ndb'i, modiolus rotas, umbilicus ; Eng. nave, navel (cf. nipple); Lat. napus, kind of turnip ; ra7r>/, vuttos, a hill. Lat. obba, broad decanter ; offa, lump. § 79. s.p,, tension, extension of space or time. (ttt'lTw, to stretch ; cr7n(5j/9, far stretched ; a-KiQafj.^, a span ; (Tirdo), to draw ; acnra^o/uLui, to greet with welcome (tension of embrace). Goth, speidiza, later ; spcdists, spidists latest. § 80. s 6 , s 6 v 6 , s G n 6 , growth, projection. Skr. sasya, granum, fructus (cf. y^asya, § 67). Skr. sus, generare ; va-Tep-a, the womb (S 9) ; va"cruKog, pudenda feminge (ii. 29). Skr. sit, su, parere ; suta, Alius ; Lat. su'rio, to be in heat (of males, desid.) ; tW?, son ; Goth, sunus, Eng. son ; Old Norse, sveinn, boy, youth ; lvi$ s son, daughter ; uioeus, wwras, grandson. (tw-julu, body (what is generated or brought forth). Skr. svas'ri, soror ; Lat. sovor ; Goth, svis'tar, Eng. sister. aavviov, javelin, membrum virile ; ^afxa'awviov, a plant, alisma, plantago (dense multitude of shoots, i. 34). § 81. s 6 r 6 , Sf f 6 , Jc 6 s 6 l 6 , growth. Lat. sur'cidus, shoot, twig ; sums, branch, shoot ; sura, calf of the leg ; croopos, heap, quantity ; adp^, the muscles, flesh. Lat. sylva ; sulevicc, kind of wood-goddesses ; i)\>j, wood. 174 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. Lat. salt us, wood and pasture. £y\ov, wood (result of growth). § 82. rt.-s., aji., projection ; the breath presses forth in a. Skr. av'w, fibre, shoot, stalk, ray ; Lat. ansa, handle ; acriXXa, pole for carrying milk-pails ; Lat. asscr, pole, stake (§ 81) ; asio, horned owl ; Goth, ans, a beam ; Lat. aivtcnna, sail-yard (§ 57) ; ad'/uivO-, pole for spreading bird-catching nets (ii. 38) ; Lat. a'mcs, id. ; a'mcntum, spear-thong (ii. 38). v} 83. r t., r , growth, uprise, support, excellence. Skr. rid', ard' , crescere, to thrive; Lat. arduus, steep, lofty ; opOa-yopio-Kos, sucking-pig (ix. 6) ; opraXi?, the young of any animal; Goth, airtha, Eng. earth. epa, earth ; epaYe, to earth ; iroXv'iipos, rich in soil ; ep'vos, young sprout. Skr. rai, res, divitias ; Lat. res. plov, peak, foreland. Lat. ordior, to begiu. opOpos, dawn. op'w'fu, oplvu), SpoOvi'w, to stir up ; opcvco, to rise up and rush forward; Lat. orior, origo ; op-fxevo?. a sprout; op'ui'i, onset, first start, impulse. Goth, air, Eng. early; aprarov, breakfast (early meal, x. 3). Lat. aera, the datum of a calculation, an era (the beginning). ap, apex, pa, particle of transition and inference (growth). apog, help, use ; epavos, contribution (help), api-, epi-, very ; ape'iow, better ; apicrTos, best ; apery, goodness, excellence. § 84. S.v 6 r 6 , s G r 6 , v Q r Q , support, suspension, elevation. Goth, svers, oneratus, gravis, honoratus ; Ang.-Sax. svi r, columna. Lat. serins, serious, sarracum, a waggon. a'mpa, suspension, means of suspension, chariot on springs (strengthened by a-) ; /uLeT-eojpos, suspended ; aop-W/p, strap to hang from ; aelpco, alpco, to raise ; aoopro, hung ; irer'aupov, perch or high stage (§ 40). § 85. r 6 , r.t., tension of drawing, of repression. epvui, eipvo), to drag ; apvw, to draw (water) ; apii-ftaWos, lar<>-e vessel for drawing water (§ 15). sue. 89.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 175 Sreipo), to draw through. epu'K'co, eptj-Tv'o), to keep back. Skr. rud\ to hold back, stop, hinder. § 86. l 6 , growth, pressure of abundance. Lat. alo ; almas, nourishing; Goth, alan, to nourish; Lat. co'alcsco, ad'ol'csco ; ab'ol'eo, to abolish; ah'ol'esco, to decay; ex-ol-esco, to grow out; pvoles, progeny (pro-ol); prolet'arius, citizen of the lowest class (participial like cxoletus, &c. ; irroldus, produced as one of the race); invprolus, im'prolis, qui noudum esset ascriptus in civitate (not of the race) ; indoles, innate quality ; sub'oles, sprout, offspring. Lat. eh'menta (principles of growth). 6\o'(pvySu)v, large pimple (§ 48). Skr. alam, satis ; aXi]6a-X-Xa$ovg, granddam's pet (t)}6>]). Xwreco, to bloom ; Xoot6$, Lat. lotus ; fiaX-Xwri}, a stink- plant (viii. 10). Goth, liudan, to grow; laudya, form; samadauds, equal (i. 32); kve'lauds, how much; yugga'lauths, a youth; un-leds, poor ; 0. H. Ger. lint, populus ; late Lat. Icetus, serf. Aao'y, people (Aa/ro?) ; pcurcXevs, king (§ 40) ; veoXcua, youth. oXocr^o?, vine-branch with grapes (cf. avpoa-^u^, &c, iii. 2). 5 88. >■/., growth. pa$i£, branch, rod ; pdSafxvos, poSajuvo?, young branch ; opoSa/ixi'os, bough, branch. Lat. radius, staff, rod, ray; radix; ra'mus ; opapvos = opooajuvog. Lat. rudis, rod, staff; rudis, adj. in a state of nature; cov- ruda, wild asparagus (con-ruda, accompanying sprouts). § 89. r 6 s & r 6 k 6 , growth, uprise. Skr. ruh, prodire, nasci, crescere. J 76 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. Lat. rccens, fresh. apyw, to begin, lead, rule ; ojo^a/xo?, the first (-a/no?, ordinal or superlative ending). poyo9, stack or rick ; Lat. rogus, funeral pile ; Goth, rikan, to heap up ; Eng. rick. Goth, urreisan, Eng. rise; uvraisyan, Eng. raise. I 90. r c ,Pv growth. Skr. arb'a, proles ; Goth, arbi, inheritance ; arbya, heir. Lat. arbilla, corpulence ; arv'ina, fat ; arbor ; arb'utus (ii. 32). pdfiSog, rod, staff; pairis, rod; Lat. rdbulana fix ; rabus- cirfa vitis (of small twigs) ; pco/3lSa^ (Lac), boy one year old. epT;/c«, membrnm virile ; XaiKa^co, to wench ; \ayvos, lewd, lustful ; Xwyay, harlot. qXaKOLTt}, spindle, arrow (straight outgrowth) ; sub'lzca, stake or pile. Lat. lignum (result of growth). Goth, leik, body. 7t>]'\ikos, how great ? of what age ? t>/ - A/a:o?, of such an age ; jj m \ucas, as big as. Lat. ossvlago, bony growth ; cartilago, gristle (i. 23) ; muti'- lago, a plant called also tithymalus (i. 20) ; lacti'lago, a plant called also chamasdaphne (x. 11); ticssi'lago, the herb colt's-foot (ix. 18); usti'lago, a plant, the carduus silvaticus (§ 116); logo, an edible plant (Facciol.). beo. 95.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH I'll ASK OF UTTERANCE. 177 Lat. lacca, swelling on shin of draught cattle, also a plant ; port '//■ laca , porci'laca, purslane (juicy growth, iii. 2). Lat. lacertus, muscular part of arm from shoulder to elbow. § 93. Ln & ljc & tension. Skr. hra'k', evellere ; Lat. lucta, wrestling, struggle. Lat. lacio, to draw gently ; lacesso, to provoke, urge ; de'licus, weaned. Lat. leno, a pander. \ (>' 6" Goth, liban, Eng. live. Skr. lub\ cupere, desiderare ; Goth. Hubs, beloved; lubo, Eng. love; gcrlnbs, honoured; lubains, hope; ga'laubyan, Ger. glauben, believe; usiavbgan, Ger. erlauben, to permit. Lat. lubet ; libet ; libido. Xnrapik, earnest ; XiTrfofiai, to be eager ; \/\|/, eagerness. Lat. liipa, prostitute. M 178 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. $ 96. Lp ./>•./.,??., pressure of growth, increase or profit, sense of mass. a\(pi), produce, gain ; dX(paivu>, to yield. oA/3o?, wealth, happiness. airo-Xaw), to enjoy, have advantage from ; Xelu, X>fi>i, booty, plunder (Xefia) ; epi'leus, Greek name for hawk ; Xr'fiov, standing crop; Xootcov, better; Lat. hfcrvm, gain; lau'tus, sumptuous; lawtia, public entertainment; Laverna, goddess of thieves (ii. 57) ; layemiones, thieves ; Goth, laun, Ger. John, pay. Lat. locwples, rich (§ 18, full of value, locu = \af?); Irish, luach, value, price; mor'luach, rich (mor, great). Xd'rpov, pay, hire ; Xd'rpis, hireling ; Lat. lairo, hireling, robber. Xlav, Xi-, Xa-, Xai-, Xai$- f very. aXlfias, mountain (Hesych.) ; aXi-^s, rock (Hesych.) ; i]Xl/3aro?, vast, huge; Lat. Alpes, Alpis ; Irish, sliabh, a moun- tain ; ailp, any gross lump ; alpa, mountains. Lat. ulpicwm, very large kind of garlic; lampado = bulbus (cf. Eng. lump). aiyiXw^r, swollen grain (§ 50) ; al/j.-dXw^\f, mass or clot of blood ; 6v[A.-dX(t)^, piece of burning wood or charcoal (viii. 16) ; /Aco-Xo)\lr t a weal, mark of a stripe (vii. 18). Skr. ib'a, elephas; ib'.a, household ; ib'ya, dives; t'/, natural impulse, passion ; opyia, orgies. Skr. ark', houorare, venerari, colere ; arh, to be worth, to be able, to be worth to another, to have property in another ; arg , pretium habere, dignum esse; arg' a, pretium, donum honorificum ; arya, venerandus, nobilis, generosus. bbc. loi.i GROUNDS OF. THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 179 SpKO$, the object by which one swears, sanctity of an oath. Goth, airknis, good, holy ; airknitha, genuineness. Skr. rdga, cnpiclo, studium. Skr. ras, araare ; epaw, to love. Skr. lad, las, 10 cl. Atm. desiderare ; lad, 10 cl. Par. venerari, colere ; Xrico, to wish or will (Xanrco) ; Xij^ia, wish or will ; XiXulojuai, to wish earnestly (\i\acr-io-fxui) ; Xarrravpo?, a lewd person (§ 72); Lat. lustror, to wench; lustramentitm, incentive to lust ; Goth. Indus, Eng. lust. Am/, prayer ; \icrcro/u.ai, to pray (XiT'io'/aai). Lat. Icelus, joyful, satisfied, rich, copious (gratified desire). Goth, alyan, zeal. § 98. n., njc 6 , pressure. Skr. nl, ducere, abducere, ferre, portare. eveyicw, eveiKU), to bear. Old Lat. anclo, anculo, to serve, bring to table ; ancilla, maid-servant ; ayicovo?, servant ; eyicom, maid-servant ; cujr- encus, priest (Sabine, § 107). ajK-ri'ip, what binds tight; avayKt], necessity; Lat. necesse ; vik>], victory ; avooya, to order, bid ; Goth, nauhan, bi'nauhan, nalian, to be obliged, to be permitted ; ga'nauhan, to be enough ; ga'nohs, enough, much ; vacrcrco, to fill, press close ; i/a/cTo'9, squeezed close. Lat. nitor {nictor), nixor, to lean, press on, strive. veiKo?, strife. § 99. n., nt 6 , pressure. pew, ptjeo), vyvew, to heap. Skr. ana*, currus ; Lat. onus, load. Lat. pil'entum, an easy carriage (§ 18). Skr. ni, deorsum ; velaipa, the lower ; verpog, lower ; vep-6e, beneath ; eve'poi, those below. Goth, nauths, necessity; nauthyan, to compel. § 100. n 6 t Q , tension of desire reaching to its object. Skr. naC , nacC ' , rogare, petere, optare. Goth, with, envy. Goth, niutan, to attain. § 101. n G , n 6 tQ, support, aid, refreshment. overap, profit, advantage, aid ; ovivrffxi, to profit, aid. 180 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. Skr. anna, cibus ; Lat. ann'ona, supply of provisions (§ 31) ; Goth, anno, wages, o^wvlov. Lat. pr'and'eo, to breakfast (early refreshment, § 20) ; mer'enda, luncheon (intermediate refreshment, iv. 16) ; opuvSa, rice-bread (§ 23). Lat. nwtrio. § 102. d 6 v 6 , y 6 v 6 , tf 6 y 6 , v 6 n 6> r 6 , intrinsic force, help, refresh- ment. Skr. van, juvare ; Old Lat. duonvs = bonus; Lat. tonus; bene; Old Lat. dubenus = dominus. Lat. beo. otvos, wine ; o'idj, the vine ; Lat. vinum, Goth, vein, Eng. wine; Goth, vinya, fodder. Skr. yuvan, juvenis, yaviyas comp., yavist a super. Lat. juvenis, juvencus, young; jiavix, heifer (-ie fern. suit). Goth, yuggs, Eng. young ; Goth, y inula, youth. )//3>/, youth- ful prime (yavya, Curtius). Skr. yava, hordeum ; Tea, fcia, barley ; "jia, provisions {yav- ya) ; ela, grass (Hesych.) ; eta/uevt], meadow ; S'uitu, way of living ; Lat. dives. Skr. g'lv, vivere {of is almost identical with Jy). alfyjos, aifyl'os (aityfios), active, vigorous (ya'yava redup. ?) ; Taw, to live ; (W?, alive ; typos, unmixed (wine) ; Sa- ^«- intensive. Lat. juvo, to help, delight ; jucundus, jocus (c probably from v). Skr. ydkrit, jecur ; Lat. jecur ; y-7rap, liver (/■•, cu, p, from v, vital organ ; cf. liver) ; Trpa—iSes, the midriff (Horn. II. ij-rrap vtto irpairiowv, 7rpo-i]7rap). Slav, yatra, liver (yavtra) ; fj'rop, heart ; >)-poi>, abdomen (vital organ). § 103. r G , Jc 6 v 6 , intrinsic force. Lat. vivo, vita; Goth, ^vms, alive ; /3/o?, life; fao/na^ to live. Skr. yayas, juventus, strength, youth; vayasya, amicus, one of the same age, friend : aoTos, helper, attendant (a/?oy>?, fo'^= vay) ; o(eui, service (f ^, strength) ; aoa-a-ijTiip, eotro-ijTi'ip, ocrcniTi'ip, helper (oircre = oTsya = vaysya = vayasya). Goth hvaiteis, wheat (cnro?, § 104). sec. 107.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 181 § 104. sjo & s., intrinsic force. Skr. m-, adj. and adv. bonus, pulclier, valde, facile ; e'u, well ; e'u?, good, brave, noble (ecru?) ; araos, crw?, safe and sound ; craooo, to save ; Lat. sa-nus, sound ; Goth, svinths, strong ; svi (kunths), fully (known) ; aero?, wheat, food (hvaiteis, § 103). Skr. svas'ii, salus, felicitas ; Lat. sos^es, saviour, safe (§ 41). § 105. st , *./., intrinsic force. Skr. srtft, validum esse ; sa£, bonus prtecipuus ; satya, verus ; ereo?, ervfio?, true, real ; e-rafft), to examine, test. Lat. salims, safe, sound ; salvia, sage (called perhaps from its wholesomeness, akin to ftvx i0l/ ° r tussilago) ; sains ; saltern (accus. adverb), at least (security from negation) ; Goth, sels, good, useful ; ear\6$, eaOXo?, good, wealthy, § 106. s 6 p G , s 6 t 6 , t 6 , tension of energy. v. 182 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. Sabine, cupencus, priest (§ 98) ; Lat, cupio. Goth, si/an, to exult, rejoice. § 108. i 6 , i 6 Jc 6 , a 6 Jc 6 , /,§„ 7c 6 s 6 , /,;//,. k 6 m 6 , sjc 6 , tension of desire or care towards its object ; the breath presses on between the tongue and the palate in uttering i, through the throat in uttering a. Skr. i, desiderare ; is, desiderare ; /?, will, desire ; r/xe^o?, longing, desire (viii. 3) ; i'julol-w, to draw or suck fluid (v. 22) ; teoo'?, sacred (desire involved in worship) Skr. iJcf desiderare, optare ; oce'r*;?, a suppliant ; irpo-'ia-- a-ofxai, to beg ; Trpo-'ticTW, a beggar ; 7rpo-'i%, -kos, a gift (the beggar's wish); Lat. ind'igito, to invoke (ind = in); Goth. aihtron, to beg. Skr. ih, desiderare, adniti, contendere, quaerere, petere. Skr. l)(, dominari, imperare (will in effect) ; Lat. medd'ix, supreme magistrate, Oscan (§ 35). Skr. yah', poscere, rogare ; yaks, honorare, colere, venerari ; yog', colere decs ; ayios, devoted to the gods ; ayvo?, pure ; dyi], awe ; ayos, ciyos, curse, sacrifice ; u^ofxui, to be in religious awe ; Lat. porricio, to offer in sacrifice (poryicio, pro'yicio). Lat. a ikj ust as. Skr. ah', to houour ; a'^09, worthy. Skr. yas, yes, adniti, operam dare ; ag'as'o, eaifls-o, ostler, groom, stable-boy (v. 1). Lat. gero (gcso ; cf. yam-, gem-, i. 7) ; ges'tvo, to long for (§ 61). o'/o-w, will bear (yas, yes, used to express intended or future effort ? the , a remedy. § 110. n 6 , n 6 t 6 , pressure of ascent or upper position, steps as involving such pressure, advance to an end. dvd, up, on, through or at in succession ; Goth, ana, Eng. on ; dva-ywpeoo, to retreat ; Lat. an'druo, to run back (move- ment backward, being contrary to the natural direction, is thought as uphillj. Lat. ante, anted, antid (in advance) ; antarius, in front ; antce, pillars, pilasters; antice, the hair growing on the fore- head; antrens, in front (antl lob., i. 1); antvguus, ancient (§ 8) ; antes, rows, ranks (advancing steps). dvTi, over against, facing, equivalent to, instead of (opposi- tion with equal force, as when advance is stopped) ; uvrofxai, dvTidw, to meet, approach before ; avra, over against, face to face, against ; dvTt]v, against, in front ; dvdi>r>is, uphill ; Lat. ant'roare, to thank (ix. 15). Skr. anta, boundary, end. Goth, and, ei$, nurd ; andeis, Eng. end ; und, ayjpi, avrl ; unte, so long as. avueo, dvu>, to accomplish (come to the end). Goth, un'dar, Eng. uwdcr (the correlative of ana, on ; § 9). Goth, undaumrmats, early meal (under, i.e., not yet up to the time, x. 5). § 111. k 6 m 6 , k 6 s 6 m 6 , A^ 6 , pressure of support. Skr. ksam, ferre, to bear patiently; ksam, lemma, terra; ycip-al, on the ground; Lat. hum us, the ground; ^Qa^aXo?, low ; yQdn>, yQoa, the earth, ground. Old Lat. canrillus, casm-illus, boy who bore things at sacred rites ; camillum, what the camillus bore. § 112. jfejfo & 6 » 8 , s 6 & 6 , pressure down, in, or against. Kara down, down along by or to ; e-y/ca?, down below. 184 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. VL kovtos, pole, shaft of pike ; nuvSaXos, wooden peg or pin ; KivaiSo?, unnatural lecher. Lat. cont'um'ac'ia (stiffness of opposition, active, as if from cont'umvs, what is in stiff opposition) ; cont'urrt'ia, cont'um'el'ia (stiff collision passive, naves factae ad quamvis vim et contu- meliam perferendam, Cass. B. G. 3, 18). M, barm ; fyfxos, broth. Skr. yas, to bubble, boil ; (Vw, to boil (9, epos, -to?, light; \vKO-(pw? : twilight (§ 123); (paevvos, (paeivos, shining ; (paeOco, to shine ; Lat. faustus, fortunate, auspicious; (poifio?, pure, bright ((popio?, (poifos) ; Lat. februo, purify, expiate. a, to become white or bleached. Skr. V as, splendere ; Lat. fas, right, law (clear by the divine light of nature) ; fas'tus, right (day); nefas'tus, contrary to divine law ; fes'tus, hallowed (with a divine glory), cheerful, joyous ; fes'tivus, gay, pleasant, handsome; manifes'tas (§ 121). Lat. favilla, ashes ; fd'eus, fireplace ; fd'mes, firewood (§ 35). § 116. v 6 s 6 . Light less strongly thought, so as to suggest the force of the breath breaking forth in the spirant v, which is softer than in the aspirate V or (p. Fire thought less strongly than flame. Skr. vas, to be or become clear, to lighten ; oo-'ios, holy, sanc- tioned, manifested by divine light of nature ; Skr. uisara, adj. early, subst. day in opposition to night, properly morning ; ijepios, early (pja-ep-iog) ', rjpi, early ; eap, vp, spring (pea-ap) ; Lat. vcr ; Skr. vas'anta, spring. 186 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. Skr. us, to light; us, dawn, morning; usa, id.; usasa, morning red; Lat. aurora; auco? JEo\. (ai/o-co?), u/Sw? Lac, aco? Dor., »/w9 Ion., ewg, morning ; aa, auptov, the morrow ; evpos, S.E. wind (viii. 12). Lat. cerussa, white lead (i. 23). Skr. us, to burn ; Lat. uro ; avoa, duw, to kindle ; Lat. a aster ; euoo, to singe ; ecrr/a, the hearth, fireside ; Lat. Vesta ; usta, a kind of red colour; ustvlago, carduus silvaticus (§ 92). § 117. 2hk- 2Wg> v ek> W Light, most strongly expressed by breaking forth of breath in the roots for flame, which when reduced furnished roots for weaker ideas. Heat expressed in a corresponding manner. Skr. b'rax', b'la)(, b' las, to flame, to lighten ; b' ray', to glow, beam, sparkle, glisten, be bright; b'reg', to be bright, beam; Lat. bractea, gilding, glitter; Skr. bab'rtt, red-brown (redupl.) ; Umbr. rufru, red (dupl. of b' ru, frufru) ; Lat. ruber; rufus. Lat. exploro (as if from a root plds, akin to bias) ; (popic-o$, white, grey; Lat. farfarus, farfugium, coltsfoot, ckamasleuce (whitish beneath, farg-farg). Skr. varJ/as, vital force, energy, illuminating power, light, lustre, colour. Goth, bairhts, clear, manifest. Skr. vleks, videre ; Goth, anda'vleizns, face; Ang.-Sax. vlitan, videre; Goth, vlitz, form; vlaiton, to spy about; vlizyan, to hit under the eye. Lat. vultus, countenance; Goth, vulthus, glory; r tilth rs, worth. Lat. jiagro, to blaze; Jtamma (flay i it a) ; (^Aeyto, to burn, flame, blaze, shine forth; Lat. fulgeo ; fulgur, lightning; fttlmen (fidgmen) ; fulvus, reddish-yellow (colour of fire) ; flavas, yellow. Goth, blaggvus, blue. Skr. bark, varh, lucere, meminisse ; balk, valh, splendere ; va\os, crystal ; Skr. ulka, meteor, firebrand ; ulkusi, Vulcanus ; bal, explorare. (pa\6s, bright white ; 7rafx-]Sco, a burn ; 7rpi]fxuiiw, to blow hard. irvp, fire ; 7rvpp6 *° see > descry, perceive ; , 190 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. fiapiw, to be feverish ; juaplXt], crfxapiXt], embers ; fxapiOd?, /uapievs, stone that burns when water is thrown on it. § 122. r 6 & fi , r 6 w 6 . The vibratiles by their free movement under the breaking forth of the breath give force to the ex- pression of light. Skr. rang' , lucere, splendere. Skr. rag', to shine (cf. b'rag', § 117) ; rnk', to shine ; di>6-pa£, coal, dark-red gem, vermilion (§ 132). dpyds, upyris, bright ; dpyivoeis, apyevvos, white, bright ; apye'/uicovt], a kind of poppy (| 35); apyup'os, silver (§ 117); Lat. argentum. Lat. arguo, to make clear. Skr. ruliita, red. § 123. IqJcq, l 6 n 6 , but I gives less force than r. Skr. lan'g , splendere ; laics, videre, observare. Ski", lug', lucere ; lok, lok' , lucere, videre ; lohita, red ; luha, reddish, copper, iron ; XvyK'ovpuoi', reddish amber, jacinth (§ 117) ; XvK'avy'rjs, at the grey twilight (the visible shining, | 120); XvK0'(pw>9, twilight (visible light, § 115); dju(pL-XvKT], twilight (between light and dark) ; Xvicd'fia?, -uvtos, the year (fiaivoo, course of light) ; Xuy§o$, white marble ; XoydSes, whites of eyes, or pupils ; Xcvkos, white ; Xevcrcrco, to look, see ; XvyP, lynx (sight) ; Xu-^i'o?, lamp ; d'XlyK'io?, like (same appearance, cf. vleks, § 117); Lat. lux, luceo, lumen (lucmen), Iwna ; Goth, liuhath, light; lauhatyan, to flash lightning; lauh'muni, lightning (§ 121). Lat. lucar, pecunia quae erogatur in ludos et spectacula (cf. lok, videre) ; lucubro, to work by lamplight (seems to be denominative from a noun lucubrum). | 124. /.',■,, & 6 Sg, 1/qJcq. The open breath of a breaking through the guttural closure gives a sense of force and movement, like the breaking forth of light or heat, but this is reduced by the close vowel i, Skr. ah'h'd, clear, transparent ; eg', splendere; an'g', splen- dere; ahan, alias, alr/ul, day; (*>X/° ' ? > yellow (alrlwa, § 129?); uktis, ray, brightness ; aKfuav, heaven ; (ravo'ap'cuc't], red sul- phuret of arsenic (§§ 132, 137); epiO-dic)), bees'-bread, a red sec. 126.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH I'll ASK OF UTTERANCE. 101 juice in the honeycomb (§ 129); epid'aK'os, the redbreast (§ 129). Skr. /'«x', ^° a PP ear > shine ; k'ya, to show ; kds, lucere, splendere ; k'akds, to shine ; tfaks, to appear, see, look ; k'aksus, the eye ; kas'tira, tin (§ 1 28) ; Kacr-crtrepog, id. (§ 128); ccer'uleics, dark blue ; cccsius, bluish grey ; koik'vWoo, look gaping about (v. 7) ; /ca^Xa, plant = (3ou(p6u\tiov ; Goth, /^ra'.s, a lamp ; Skr. ^V//, lucere. Skr. ak'sa, the eye; okko?, oko$, the eye; o/c/raXXoy, o/craXXo?, id. (v. 7) ; Lat. oculus ; luurw^os, mole (i. 28) ; cwcul'to, am dim- sighted (ii. 29) ; codes, blind of an eye (ii. 29) ; cces'ul'la , having grey eyes ; ocrcre, the two eyes ; ocrcrojuai, to see ; a/uLftXwwo-crw, -wpo), to be dim-sighted (iii. 3) ; Sroo-Kea), to look earnestly at. Skr. iks, to see, look; '/XXo?, the eye (v. 7); purpuriss'um^ purple dye (i. 15). Skr. yay/as, look, beautiful appearance ; eucwv, an image, likeness ; eoaca, to be like, beseem ; "ktkoo, to make like, raise an image in the mind ; ei&Koo, to liken ; '//ceXo9, like ; 'iKrepos, the jaundice (complexion). Skr. agni, fire; Lat. ignis. § 125. s 6 k 6 , s 6 v 6 . The forcible breaking forth of the breath in s strengthens the expi*ession. criyaXoeis, glossy, glittering, splendid ; Lat. sig'num ; segul- Iti in, sign of gold-mines (§ 129) ; sagio, to perceive quickly or keenly; sagax, having keen perception ; sagus, prophetic.; arrjfia, sign. Goth, saih van, to see; siuns, sight; saivala, Eng. soul (cf. Goth, sauil, the sun, § 131 ; Irish, soillse, light; saoilsin, ima- gining, thinking; saoilim, I imagine, think); Goth, ga'sahts, proof; in'sahts, notice, account, narration; fri'sahts, image, type (fri=from, § 20; cf. ab'bilrf, visible likeness taken from an original). Lat. scio, to know ; sci'sco, to inquire, approve (incep.) ; scitus, skilful. Goth, skuggva, mirror; us'skavs, circumspect: skauns, beau- tiful; skeinan, Eng. to shine ; skeima, torch; skeirs, clear. § 126. /,/,,;, t 6 n 6 , t 6 r 6 , t& The breaking forth of the breath is less resisted by the medial than by the tenuis, and when 192 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. launched on an open vowel may express strongly the breaking forth of light. The tenuis, helped by a nasal, can express the breaking forth of light or heat. Skr. da)(, videre, splendere, loqui (light to eye or mind) ; dak, lucere, urere ; dak, urere, ardere, flagrare ; Goth, dagi, day (d ah) ; Skr. dri, dar, cVdar, to have regard ; darj(, d$i)(, to see ; oepKco, to see ; Spdw = opdw ; Sp'coTTTO), Sp'wwd^co = Siao-KOTrw (§ 118) ; v-n-dSpa, askance ; Goth, ga'tarkyan, to make a show of; dOpew, to look earnestly; Sokos, Sokls, a meteor; Sotcew, to seem, think, imagine ; Sokcuw, to watch narrowly ; Kapa'SoKeco, to watch with outstretched head ; Sd^a, glory, notion, opinion ; Lat. doceo (sight to the mind) ; SrSd^-t], teaching ; SrSd-arKCD, to teach ; Lat. disco, to learn ; deem, grace, ornament, splendour (light objective, or what produces on the consciousness a similar effect) ; deed, it is seemly, becoming ; dignus, becoming, worthy. Goth, tugg'l, star. Sutcpu, tear (sight-trickle, da)(--)(ru, v. 6) ; Lat. lacfymd, Goth, tagr, Eng. tear. SevS-iWu), to turn the eyes quickly, give a glance (v. 7) ; Goth, tand'yan, to kindle; Eng. Under; Goth, tundnan, to take fire. TiTavos chalk (red u pi. bright colour). tivOos, boiling hot, sub. the steam of a kettle. oarjvai, to learn ; Sai'jficov, knowing ; Sr/oy, to find ; St'/vea, devices. Skr. di^', to show ; oeac'vUfiij SeiKavdco, SeiSlcr/coo, to show ; Sikij, right (guidance) ; Lat. dicis (causa), (for the sake) of judicial form ; pwdig-ium (show forth); index, indico ; ju'dex, judico ; dico, to say (show to the mind); dlco, dedicate, ab'dico, &c. (mark or signalise); Goth, ga'ieihan, to show; taikns, Eng. token. Lat. iwddgo, to spy into ; perdagatus, explored. Skr. teg'as, splendour, light, fire; tark, to form an image in the mind; Tiyyd m fiapi, vermilion (§ 117); Teic/uap, manifested mark or boundary (iv. 16); Lat. prces'tig'ia, illusion, trick (§ 20); TpaywooSj representative singer; Irish, dreach, forma, imago, color, pulchritudo ; dreachd, forma, imago; dreaeht, poemn. Old Lat. tongere = noscere ; Goth, thagkyan, Eng. /hut/,— tlmijl;*, Kng. Ilia.ul.-* ; tlivgkyan, to think, presume. si:c. 128.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. I 93 Skr. trds, loqui, lucere ; Oscan. tristamentad = testa mento ; testis (trestis, Corssen). TpaKTo?, white wax ; rpuKTa-'lTw, to bleach. § 127. t 6 v 6 , t G y 6 . There is strong expression of the breaking forth of light in the breath launched from the teeth in d or d' , or from the palate in dy, and breaking through the lips in v, or through the mouth in an open vowel. oats, Saos, Sa'Xos, SafieXos, a torch ; Salvo, to kindle (SeSau- fxevov, Hesych.) ; Sal', wise (§ 22). Skr. die, to shine, rejoice ; div, diva, divasa, heaven, day ; dina, day; a'dya, hodie (a demons.); deva, god, king; Lat. ileus ; dies ; dm, by day (cf. noctu) ; divum, the sky ; eu-Sios, ev'Siavos, fine, clear (atmosphere) ; ewSios, at noon, in the open air ; Skr. prd'dus, manifesto, § 20 ; dyu, heaven, day ; dyut, to shine ; Zeus ; Sl'i'os, of Jupiter ; Slog, noble, marvellous ; Jwpiter, J oi" is ; jicbar, radiance of heavenly bodies (§ 117). SluXos, cJe'eAo?, 8>]\os, manifest (div) ; Se'a'ro, So'dcrcra-TO, seemed. #etAo'"7re(W, sunny spot (OpaX, cf. elXrj, § 131). Skr. tvis, to glitter, shine ; Lat. ti'tio, a burning brand (tvitio) ; tae'da, a torch (cf. Sal's, -I'So?) ; Goth, thcvhvo, thunder (ix. 10, lightning-roar ?) ; tvtu'lus, illustrative notice or title (redupl.) ; tutor, to behold ; con'tu'oli (oculi), winking. uao/mai, Oaeo/xai, Otjeo/Jiai, Qeaofiai, to gaze at, behold with wonder (root dap) ; Oavjua, wonder ; Oea/xa, a show ; 6ea, a view ; d'earpov, theatre ; Oeoopos, a spectator. Skr. ctyd, to image to oneself; ctyaman, d'aman, light. Skr. an'd a, blind (iv. 4) ; Lat. anda'bata, a gladiator whose helmet had no openings for the eyes (§ 40) ; oOofiai, to heed, rearard. 'B % § 128. s 6 t 6 , t 6 r 6) s 6 r 6 . In str the forcible breaking forth of the breath in s and r, resisted by the closure of t, suggests the thought of a vivid impression of light breaking through an impediment of darkness or cloud. The combination st may express strongly also the breaking forth of the force of heat. Skr. stri, star ; tara, star ; aa-ri'jp, star ; Goth, stcrirno, star ; reipos, constellation ; Tepag, a sign in the heavens ; Lat. strena, sign, prognostic, omen ; Old Lat. vemi'sera, mensalia N 194 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. auguria (Skr. vrin, edere) ; Lat. stella ; ctt/X/3co, to glitter ; (TTpa.7rTco, to lighten ; aaTpamj, o-Tepoiry'i, lightning flash ; Lat. triones, constellation of the Wain ; septentriones = 0. H. Ger. sibunstirni ; septeMtrio, the north. Lat. sidus ; cowsider'o, to inspect carefully (as the stars were inspected with complete inspection (con) for the interests of man ; cf . contemjrfor) ; de'siclero, to feel the want of (as the indications of fortune were missed when absent from the stars). Irish, maithnigh, variegated ; suaithcantais, prodigy, portent ; suaitheantas, suaithcheantas, ensign, blazonry (§ 134). cri§->]po<;, iron (§ 137); Kao", to shine, glitter ; yXavKos, gleaming, pale blue, grey ; Lat. glaucus, id. ; yXavcrou = Xa/uarpov ; yXavpoq = cre/xyo? (Benfey, ii. 124); Lat. gloria. a-yXao?, splendid ; dydXXw, to make glorious ; atyXt], dazzling light (cf. eg', § 124). Goth, glaggvu/ba, accurately (looking sharp), glit'mun'yan, to glitter (§121). ya\i')v>], Lat. galena, lead ore ; y\>ji>o$, a show, star ; y\)'/r>], pupil of eye, eyeball ; yXoid^w, to wink, twinkle with the eyes ; yXcw^, owl. Skr. Jcalya, daybreak (uncertain light) ; /cceXai'?, stone of greenish blue ; KaXa'i'vos, of changeful hue ; KaXXcuov, cock's- comb or wattles (changing colour) ; koXius, mackerel. sec. 130.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 1.95 Lat. claims, bright. kuXos, beautiful. Skr. kil, album esse. Skr. g ar, to shine, glow, burn ; •^'ip'OTroq, bright-eyed. Skr. hrlku, hllku, tin, lac ; ^aA/co'?, copper ; Goth, gul'th, Eng. gold ; -xXouvo?, an epithet of gold ; Skr. hari, harit, harita, harina, yellowish, greenish ; harit, the sun, horses of the sun (indicates bright yellow warm colour) ; lirl, pudere, erubescere ; haras, fire. Xpwros, gold ; oo-%p6$, yellow (the second element defines the first? § 124). Skr. gaitra, whitish, yellowish, reddish, shining, beautiful ; Lat. grava'stellus, grey-headed fellow (dim. of gravast&r). Kippos, tawny, orange-tawny ; KpoKos, crocus ; Kop'dWtov, coral (vii. 38, glow of fire). epiO'dic'}], bee's-bread, red juice in the honeycomb (cf. Skr. harit, also § 124); epiQ-aicos, the redbreast; Lat. erist'alis, a gem with red shades (vii. 38) ; Kijpu'Oos = epiOdnt] (i. 23). dp-creViKov, yellow sulphuret of arsenic (cf. Skr. hari ; tip for yap ; § 132). Skr. tiara, calidus ; grisma, summer; g'arma, heat; Jtfur, to burn ; Goth, hauri, coal of fire. Lat. caleo, to be warm, glow. Skr. ^ris, urere ; \rl, coquere ; xra, to cook, roast. Kplfiavos, nXifiavos, earthen vessel for baking bread ; Lat. scrib'li'ta, a kind of tart (vii. 31) ; libum, a cake. Goth. Idaifs, Ang.-Sax. hldf, Eng. loaf; Goth, ga'hlaiba, companion. § 130. k 6 r 6 , A,' 6 p G , s 6 p$. The breath breaking through the spirant or the aspirate, or pressing on the closure of the tenuis, gives corresponding expression to the energy of light. Skr. kar, kab, to colour, praise ; Jcavi, a thinker, wise man, poet ; Goth, hivi, colour, appearance ; Ang.-Sax. have, aspectus ; Eng. haviour (of the visage, Shakespeare), behave. Skr. x'vas, Lat. eras, to-morrow ; y^usma, lumen, splendor ; y^cHtet, white, light ; \vit, to be white, bright ; Goth. It veits, Eng. white. Skr. go, the sky, stars, sun, moon, rays of light, eye ; g'yut, gut, fulgere (cf. dyut, § 127); Goth, guth, Eng. god ; Goth. gudya, priest. Skr. x'"^' X umo } t° adorn, spleudere ; sib', simb' , sub', s a nib' , spleudere. 19,6 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vi. cra/y>;, the moon (crfaX) ; Goth, sauil, the sun; Lat. sol; eiXt], e'X>/, aXea, sunshine; ttuctt el\r), last day of the year (iii. 26); SerXt], the afternoon (iii. 11); eXevtj, a torch ; SjXvcriov, Elysium ; SjXvcria, places struck by lightning (Skr. svarus); rjXeK'Twp, beaming sun (cf. valh, &c., § 117); ijXeK'Tpov, amber ; cre'Xa^o?, a kind of fishes, called, according to Aristotle, from their phosphorescence ; creXwyew, to illumine. tjeXios, afieXios, ijXios, the sun (crapaX, cf. Sal's, &c, § 127). rj'fA-ap, rj'fxep-a, day (a-fa'/map, the shining part, iv. 16). Goth, sil'iibr, Eng. silver (§ 117). Skr. svak'k" a, clear, transparent (cf. Skr. ak''k"a, § 124). Goth, svikns, pure, holy. Lat. su'dus, clear, bright. § 132. k 6 m 6 , s 6 m 6 , s 6 n 6 . When the breaking forth of light is equivalent only to the development of lively attention, its expression is fitly reduced by the pressure of the organs in the utterance of a tenuis. But the breaking forth of the breath in a spirant gives a stronger expression of the light. Skr. x' = original Je. See § 133. Skr. x'can, videre, conspicere ; ni'tfam, to become aware, learn to know ; ko/x«o, to take care of, tend ; ko/u'I^w, to bring under care (caus.) ; /co/r^o'?, care bestowed on dress ; Lat. como, to dress ; ko/jl^/o?, well-dressed, dainty. sec. 134.] GROUNDS OF THE SIXTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 197 Goth, samyan sis, to make a fair show (cf. skeima, § 125) ; Eng. seem, seemly. Goth, sunna, Eng. sun (cf. skeinan, § 125) ; 0. H. Ger. sumar, Ang.-Sax. swmer, Eng. summer (sun'mar, sunny part, iv. 16). Skr. sindura, vermilion (§ 117); aavS'u^, a bright red; ], red sulphuret of arsenic (§§ 137, 124) ; avSpa^ri, a coal-pan ; avOpa%, coal, a dark-red gem, vermilion ; Lat. sandaresus, a gem of a fiery colour with golden spots (§ 137) ; sandala, a kind of wheat, granis nitidissimis (red ?) ; tjvo^, epithet of copper and of wheat (§ 118); apveviKov, yellow sulphuret of arsenic (§ 129). § 133. 7c 6 t 6 , i & t G , t 6 r 6 , n Q t G , see the preceding. In the nasal the breath passes freely rather than breaks forth. And in n there is more sense of free passage than in m, owing to the shutting of the mouth in the latter. In the vowel and the aspirate the breath breaks forth more forcibly, so as to express light or heat more strongly. Skr. k'it, to perceive, observe, appear; k'itra, striking the eye, clear, various coloured ; ki, k'i, to perceive, observe, look for ; keta, purpose, form (view) ; k'int, to think. Lat. lorsycites, moss agate (§ 14) ; moro-chites, gem of colour of leek (ii. 43) ; ux^rm, agate (variously marked). Skr. id', to set on fire; IQalvw, to warm, cheer; tOapos, cheerful ; alOco, to light up, kindle ; alOi'ip, the upper air, blue sky ; d'Spi], clear sky ; alOovaa, portico (lightsome) ; Lat. cedes (lightsome apartments, better kind of abode) ; cestus, heat, boiling, swelling of the tide ; cestas, summer. Oepoo, to heat, become warm ; Oepos, summer, harvest ; Oapyi'/Xia, harvest festival (iii. 6); %>>o?, hot; 6ep^ava-rpa } oven (avco). Skr. ind' , lucere, flam mare. Lat. niteo, to shine, look bright or beautiful ; reiudeo, return brightness. § 134. k 6 n 6 , kJz, k 6 s 6 . The free passage of the breath in n «ives force to its emission from a guttural, through which it comes, so as to express pure light. Skr. kan, splendere ; kanaka, gold; Kivva-fiapi, bright red 198 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap vi. dye, vermilion (§ 117); K66$, yellow. ^ov0o9, brownish yellow. Skr. tf'wF, X'und\ to purify ; Lat. quinquo, to expiate, purify (quand'quo, an abbreviated duplication of quand') ; KaQapos, clean, clear, pure (K F a6) ; Lat. cas'tus, pure (caO'tus) ; cast'igo, to correct, chastise. Kalvufxai, Keicao-fJLai, Dor. ne/caS/mat, to be distinguished amongst, to be adorned or furnished (ica h'P*k m v W f See § 123. \dw, to look (Xa/rw) ; aAao'?, blind. a\ heap of stones ; xepds, X e 'i° a ^ 0? ' g rave l- Kpw-/j.a£, a heap of stones (vi. 31). icpvo?, Kpv'/ut.6s, cold (hardens and roughens) ; icpva-Taivw, to freeze ; Kpva-raWo?, ice (§ 38) ; Lat. crusta, hard surface ; crudvH, raw, unripe, hard (not softened by ripeniug or cook- ing) ; crudclis. icpavaos, hard, rugged, rocky ; Kpdvov, cornel-cherry ; Lat. comus, id. ; Kepvov, projection of the vertebraa ; K€pa f erire > laedere, occidere ; 202 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vii. g'iri, id. ; h%i, violenter facere ; Lat. circius, a violent wind, W.N.W. ; caurus, the KW. wind (cf. Goth, skura, § 8) ; euro, to card. yopyos, grim, restive (horse), rough (language). S 2. h,L. ljr„ sX, friction, sense of the granular, rough / i y i i 7 7 resistance, rough treatment, roughness of bitterness, rough surface, smoothness felt in rubbing. Kufovfy) to P las ^j dash '■> x^vfy, to wash (KXvSyw) ; Goth. hlutrs, clean ; Old Lat. duo, to clean ; Lat. clo'cvca, sewer. Lat. glis, -iris, dormouse ; liro, to harrow, scratch ; eXeios, dormouse; yayyaXlfy, yapyaXl^oD, to tickle; yiyyXio-fios, tickling (repeated light friction). ^aXa^a, hail ; X"^'£> K °X^ a %> K«X^f ' gravel ; Lat. calx, small stone, lime, chalk (friable stone) ; calculus, small stone. glarca, gravel, hilum, quod grano fabas adhaeret ; nihil, not a particle. aKvXog, acorn. Skr. xila, stone, rock ; Goth, Uallus, stone, rock ; kXw-^u^, heap of stones (vi. 31). Lat. silcx, flint. XaAe7TO?, severe, difficult, hard to bear or deal with. Skr. klaf, laadere ; Lat. clacles, injury, disaster, slaughter. Skr. kil, frigidum esse (cold hardens and roughens) ; Lat. aquilo, north wind. Skr. gala, g'ada, frigidus ; Lat. gclu, cold ; glacics, ice (hard and sharp) ; Goth, kalds, Eng. cold. Xo'Xvj bile, bitterness (rough taste) ; x°'^°?> bile, bitter wrath ; ■^oXepa, ^oXeSpa, cholera. yXdvos, hyena (from erection of mane ; cf. Irish greann, | 1); y\avK, silurus (§ 13); xXovvqs, epithet of wild boar; XAoim?, id. Lat. calvus, bald ; galbus, smooth ; glaber, without hair, smooth. § 3. kj\, k„, penetration, sharpness. ■^apucrcro), to sharpen, engrave ; X f V a £' snar P sta ^e ; X a ~ paSpa, torrent, its bed; x°'~/° 0? ' P^S (rooting), pudendum muliebre ; u^epSo?, uxi°«?> -« Lat. er, hedgehog; erinaceus, id. (§ 21); Eng. urchin (§ 5). sbo. 4.] GROUNDS OF SEVENTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 203 Kapoorov, carrot; Lat. carota, id. (tap root); Goth, hors, adulterer; Ang.-Sax. hare, Eng. whore (cf. Ang.-Sax. heoru, a peg) ; Old Norse, hrutan, a ram, Eng. rut ; Kpio$, a ram. ypdcjut), to grave, delineate, write ; ypapuaOai, to write (Hesych.) ; ayplcbij, harrow, rake ; ypocrcpo?, Kpoarifio?, kind of javelin. Goth, graban, to dig, Eng. grave (g'rab' = ypu/, i. 8); /ccucaA'ia 204 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vii. plant with pointed leaves ; a^ce/cctA-/?, white tamarisk ; alic\ m oi, points of javelins ; Lat. ad-is, small javelin ; acul'eus, a sting. Lat. nas'ica, having pointed nose (viii. 18). yXco-^w, a projecting point ; yXw^, beard of corn ; yaXiov, kind of nettle ; yaXaj, marten, cat ; yaXeos, shark ; yaXewrw, ko)\cot>i?, kind of lizard, sword-fish (v. 23); Lat. (jallvdraga, hairy teasel. a^'XXero?, a kind of barley. Lat. cilo, having tapering head ; in'cil'e, furrow for drawing off water (cut in) ; caelum, chisel ; ccelo, to carve ; in'tilo, to rebuke, blame (cut in) ; cutter, knife, ploughshare ; culex, a gnat ; culix, kind of plant ; ulex, plant (pointed). Ger. Jceil, a wedge. Goth, gultha, a sickle. Skr. y^il, spicas colligere ; y^ila, agri tonsi reliqua stipula, spica ; 0. H. Ger. igil, hedgehog. /ua-KeXXa, pickaxe with one point (fxia) ; SiiceXXa, mattock with two points (<%). Lat. glccdius, sword ; yXapk, chisel ; yXd7]6w, to scratch ; Kvv(a, kvvos, Kin'j(p>i, itch; KvtjKos, kind of thistle; Goth, hnuto, hnutho, thorn. kvi^o), to scrape, sting ; kviSij, nettle ; Sopv'Kviov, poisonous plant of convolvulus kind (vi. 11). kvwS'ovtcs, projecting points ; KucoS'a^, pin or pivot ; kvwo-- aXov, a dangerous animal. Kvewpos, stinging plant. KedvooOos, kind of thistle. Ktvdpa, artichoke (prickly tuft) ; Kvvdpa, prickly plant ; icev- reco, to prick. yi/d-n-Too, tcvd-TT-Tw, to card; kvu>^/, Kivw-TVerov, deadly beast; Kcoi/onJ/-, gnat, hedgehog (cf. fxvco^, dcrKaXcoylr, &c.) ; yvacpaXiov, cotton weed. yyaixa, to scrape, gnaw. Old Lat. cnasonce, acus quibus mulieres caput scalpunt ; Lat. cania, wild nettle. Skr. Jean, to dig, to root ; kovikXo?,' Lat. citnicidus, cony : koviS-, Ang.-Sax. Jinit, Eng. nit, the young of lice, fleas, bugs. sec. 7.] GROUNDS OF SEVENTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 205 Lat. bri'gantes, vermiculi qui cilia arare et exulcerare solent (ii. 17). Skr. x '«"■} to whet, sharpen ; kwvos, cone ; icooveiov, hemlock (pointed). oucvrjuTis, the spine, a plant; ]S, grave-digger. Lat. seco; sec'uvis, an axe (§ 27) ; coagulated, frozen ; % '%■% 'ira, cold ; Kaucias, the north-east wind. X l( *> v , snow ; Lat. hi'bcvnus, pertaining to winter-time (vi. 27). Skr. him'a, cold, winter, snow, (seldom) ice ; }£ef/ra, winter, cold, frost, storm (roughening and rough weather) ; ^ei/rwi/, a storm (rough weather) ; Lat. hiem's, winter, rainy, stormy, or cold weather (root hya with determinative m) ; Irish, /9, kind of sea-urchin (prickly) ; secespita, sacrificial knife (§ 7). o-fiiX-rj, a knife ; o-fuv'us, two-pronged fork, hoe ; o-fuvOos, a field-mouse. § 18. sjp„ 8J0~ .s_///_, m_, mJc, friction, fine smooth friction, v V- T 7 7' 7 T i ' it roughness. Skr. sib\ simb' , sub 1 , sumb' , Isedere, occidere. Skr. svri, vexare ; svri, Isedere, occidere ; Lat. scvcvus. Lat. swims. (r/uidco, to anoint, wipe ; cr^/^-co, to wipe, wash ; ao-a/xivOos, bathing-tub ; cr/xw^o), to rub, grind down ; o-fiwSijZ, -770?, a weal (§ 24) ; /xw-Xo>\[r, a weal (vi. 96) ; cr/i^co, to smoulder (ashes) ; a/xiKplXo), to make very small, reduce to fine powder ; aiuuKpos, niKpos, fxiKKos, small ; Lat. mica, crumb, grain ; crv-vpis, emery ; Lat. samera, seed of elm. Goth, smalists, super., Eng. small. Lat. siniila, simil'ago, the finest wheat flour; o-efxiSuX-i?, id. (§ 40). Lat. scmlta, path (worn smooth). 212 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vii. Lat. sub'tlHs, fine (§ 40). _/.'_, 2\s 7 , penetration, sharpness, friction. 7reu/o/ei?, piercing, of the fir tree ; 7rewre, to prick ; Opcva^, Tpiva^, -kos, trident ("rpis) ; avaic'Topiov, sword-grass ; Goth, ga'naglyan, Eng. to nail ; ey^og, a spear. ovo'yvpos, a prickly plant (§ 3) ; oi'09, wood-louse, wingless locust, kind of fish ; ov'ictkos, id. vvpu> = vucrcrco ', voop'o^r, flashing (eye-piercing). vovuo';, vocro?, disease, distress. Lat. novacula, razor. Skr. van, ferire ; Goth, vunds, Eng. wound. vvvif, ploughshare; o-t/3'vv't], hunting-spear (§ 17); (TTop'ovrj, pointed instrument (§ 22) ; opK'vvos, large kind of tunny-fish (§ 30). Lat. vanga, mattock or spade. § 21. /?_/■-, nJL, friction. Lat. noceo, to hurt. Lat. ango, to torment ; aula, grief, distress. beo. 25.] GROUNDS OF SEVENTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 213 volki], a woolly or hairy skin ; vuko?, a fleece ; Lat. eri'naceus, a hedgehog (§ 3) ; nacca, a fuller (nacta, vuktw) ; Kavvcuajg, a thick rug (§ 15). § 22. sJ v penetration, sharpness. cttovv^, -v)(o$, any sharp point (§ 20) ; (TTop'Ouy^, -yyos, point, spike (§ 24) ; arop-vvi], pointed instrument (§ 20) ; Lat. satcm'aria, plant = ireviceSavos. Svo-Ttivos, ao-rrjvos, a ', wretched (cf. § 43, oavorris, &c, root strengthened with Sua- and a-). § 23. nt v penetration, sharpness, attrition. Lat. nitela, nite'dul-a, dormouse (§ 40) ; Goth, nethla, Eng. needle. Goth, nadrs, viper. Lat. j^rso'nat'a, burdock (§ 27). Goth, nidni, rust. § 24. tJiL, t 7 , penetration, sharpness, friction. Skr. tig, to be sharp ; tik, tig, adoriri, lredere, occidere ; Tiypis, tiger; Lat. te'lum, weapon. 6)'iyw, to sharpen ; ciSIkij, a nettle ; o-fAoySi^, -yyos, a weal (§18). ' f - # , aSa^eco, aSa^ew, to scratch ; oSd^oiuai, to itch. ; aTTCiK:*??, locust ; aTTtjyo?, he-goat (tears with his horns) ; arrayus, long-billed waterfowl. a-Top-Ovy^, point, spike (§ 22) ; Sclvkos, Lat. daucus, parsnip (pierces the soil). 0o6$, sharp. SoiSv^, -vkos, pestle (intens. redupl.). ruK'avr], TVT'avr], an instrument for threshing. Tuyvpi, a little bit (broken small). Lat. taxoivinus, pertaining to a badger ; Ger. dachs, a badger ; l^n.n, a badger (penetravit). aO^i/?, hard, rough ; aXa, dryness, dry concretion ; a^w, to dry, parch ; aSSavo?, Lac. (z = dy = dd), aSdXcuog, dry ; arravov, frying-pan. Lat. asso, to roast, broil. § 25. v 7 s 7 , v t , friction of collision, penetration. Skr. vols, ferire. vyad', perforare. 214 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vii. Lat. vespa, wasp ; vcraos, a javelin ; va'rpi^, a hedgehog (vi. 9). ol'a-To?, oicr'Tos, an arrow ; ota'Tpo?, the gadfly (vyad , fota, fOicr'T-) ; SeXXi?, -Wos, a kind of wasp (Se\, § 40, ftO). Goth, arh'vaz'na, arrow (ii. 48). ouTaco, to wound ; wreiXy'], a wound. § 26. p r v jP?i l J i ll v v i n v P ene tration, friction of collision, friction, brushy roughness, wearing life. (pews, -co, a prickly plant. Lat. pennus, sharp. (pevw, Trecpva), to slay ; (povos, murder, bloodshed, gore ; (poivos, id., adj. blood-red ; (pohi^, purple, crimson, dark red, date palm, lolium perenne called also povg, cf. pova-criog ; Old Lat. per fines = perfringas ; Goth, banya, wound. Goth, human, to rub. Old Lat. vibrissa?, pili in naribus. ], bearded vulture ; i/7njvt], beard ; Lat. penis, tail ; peni- cillus, brush, lint, sponge. 7roVo?, toil, distress ; rroinpos, toilsome, grievous, bad ; irev- ofieu, to toil, be poor; irevys, poor; Lat. pen'u'ria, want, need; -Koarvvoi, to toil eagerly (intens. redupl.) ; -rrelva, hunger. fidvaV(ro, grim, rough. Lat. fel, gall (cf. x°'^'/> § 2 ) ; bills, id. (rough taste). Smooth friction. (paXavOo?, bald ; (paXaKpds, bald, smooth ; dcpeXi}?, smooth, simple. Lat. volgiolus, instrument for levelling earth. ttXvvw, to wash. dfiXoeco, to wash; (3aXaveiov, Lat. balneum, bath. § 29. pjr v pj< v v 7 r 7 , p 7 , p 7 v 7 , roughness of surface caused by frost or by fire, roughening sensation of chill or fear. Skr. b'rag'g', brig , frigere, assare ; Lat. frigeo ; frigo, to roast, fry ; ferctum, fertum, kind of cake ; (ppvyw, to roast ; cfiwyci, to roast, toast, parch ; Goth, brecn, to roast ; broe, bread. Lat. pruiTia, hoar-frost ; Goth, fritis, cold. Skr. b'rl, timere ; b'arts, terrere, minari, deridere ; b'lrii, timidus. Lat. form'ido, fear, terror, dread (cf. rpe-co, Tpep.-w>, cwp'ldo). Skr. vrid, to be ashamed. Lat. vereor, to be in awe. fipUe- Ao?, a tragic mask. aiScog, shame (ppaiSws, Benfey). Goth, faurhts, fearful ; Eng. fright, fear. (ppl(T(rco, to get rough, bristle, shudder. Skr. b%, timere. Lat. paveo, to fear greatly. tf)efioiu.m, to be afraid ; ^»o'/3o?, fear. £ 30. /■_/,_, v., roughness, friction of collision, penetration, sharpness, friction of smoothening. ipeiioi, epiKt], Lat. rriec, heath ; crici/is, hedgehog (§ 3) ; pcucos, rag. 8E0. 31.] OUOUNDS OF SEVENTH PHASE OF UTTERANCK. 2L7 '/pvyyos, kind of thistle, a goat's beard. piyos, frost, cold, shivering ; ptKvdg, shrivelled ; Skr. rig', frigere, assare (cf. trig'., § 29) ; apros, a loaf, bread (ctfertum, from trig', § 29). epeiKco, to bruise, rend ; epe-^Oo), to rend, shatter. Skr. arg } offendere, kedere, occidere ; apacro-o), pdo-uo), -£ tlae spine (projections of bone) ; rhexia, a plant (asperis ramis et foliis, Face.) ; raia, the ray-fish. Skr. ruksa, rough, dry ; rug, to break, break in pieces ; ru, to beat to pieces, shatter ; Lat. ru-dus, rau'dus, -eris, frag- ments. Lat. verruca, wart, rough excrescence (vi. 23). Lat. pan-aririum, disease of the finger (ii. 30). opva-a-co, - Jw, to dig ; opvj~, -vyo?, pickaxe, gazelle (horns), a great fish, probably the narwhal = Lat. orca ; opK-vvoq, large kind of tunny (§ 20). Lat. arrugia, shaft in a mine ; corrugus, water conduit in mines. po-^ctvov, a strickle ; pvtcdv)], Lat. runclna, a carpenter's plane. Lat. rnnco, to smooth, make bare. | 31. LJL, l 7 s 7 , Ln v 2\l 7 k 7 , penetration, sharpness, friction, roughness, roughening of surface or sensation. Xayjxlvw, to dig ; X%ds, steep sheer cliff (as if cut) ; Xla-yog, a spade ; Xicrxpoi, plants ploughed in as manure ; Lat. ligo, a hoe ; XtTco, -£<», to graze ; Xio-rpov, a hoe, scraper ; XlySos, a mortar (cf. 'lySis) ; Xoiyo?, destruction ; Lat. alien, grain, grits ; aXiP, groat. Xo-yx'?? spear-head, lance ; Lat. lancea. Lat. alucita, gnat ; ahrmen, alum (bitter, i.e. biting) ; aydX-Xox'ov, bitter aloe (vi. 2) ; dXd>], the aloe (bitter). uXyos, pain, trouble ; aXeyoo, to trouble oneself, to have a 218 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vii. care ; Svo-'ijXeytfi, having evil cares ; Tav'rjXeyife, having long cares (vi. 57). cXkos, a wound ; Lat. ulcus, a sore ; ulciscor, to avenge (to pay to oneself the sore). Xukis, Xa/cos, tatter (cf. pa.Ko$) ; Lat. lacinia, a shred, end of cloth ; lacer, mangled ; lacerna, warm cloak (rough ; cf. Aacrto?, &c, § 13) ; lancino, to tear to pieces ; lanio, to tear, cut in pieces. Skr. lag', lan'g', assare, torrere, frigere, terrere, minari ; lag , lan'g', minari, deridere ; lag', lag'g', pudere ; Xayavov, thin cake of meal and oil ; Xiyvus, thick smoke, soot (char) ; Lat. lix, lids, ashes ; lixa, camp-cook ; lixulce, cakes ; lucuns, -untis, a kind of pastry; scrib'li'ta, a kind of tart (vi. 129); \acravov, kitchen utensil ; XaaOrj, mockery, insult ; Lat. algco, to feel chilly ; eXey^w, to put to shame, convict. Lat. flagxtimn, shameful act, disgrace. | 32. rJ v rju, friction, penetration, friction of collision, roughness. Skr. rod, to scratch, hack, gnaw ; rod* , to be, give, or bring, under one's power, to pain, torment; rand' ra, fissura, caverna. Lat. raclo, to scrape ; rodo, to gnaw. apt?, -iSos, an auger; ap§i$, point of anything, as of an arrow. Lat. urttca, nettle. Lat. ir'rito, prcrrito, to provoke, incite. paQairvyi'Qt), to slap on the rump (ii. 34) ; p66o$, dash. plvtl, file, shark with rough skin ; epivov, unripe fig (rough taste) ; Irish, airneamh, whetstone ; airne, sloes. pvrov, pur//, Lat. rata, rue ( = m'jyavov, § 19, rough taste) ; nrmex, sorrel. § 33. IJ., Iji v l 7 v r friction of collision, penetration, rough- ness. Skr. hnjt', ferire, lasdere, occidere ; /udjXo-XovO)], kind of beetle (perhaps the colour of an apple, vi. 29, cf. Ger. gold- kdfrr) ; Lat. lens, -dis, nit, louse. oXvvOos, unripe fig (harsh taste, cf. epivov, § 32). \ao-Tupvri, whip (Ilesych.) ; aXda-rcop, avenger ; (cXacrrew, to be vengeful ; Lat. kudo. BBO. 37.] GROUNDS OF SEVENTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 2 I 9 Lat. ahdernus, evergreen buckthorn (sharp) ; altercum, hen- bane ; pcrso'lata, burdock (§ 27); Irish, Iwdd/n, burdock. Lat. littera, litcra, letter (drawn with a sharp point). Xl6o$, a stone (rough resistance or collision, cf. Icvdo). Skr. lu, to cut, to cut off, cut asunder. Xe'cov, Xr?, Lat. leo, 0. H. Ger. leivo, lion (prob. Xefcov, § 34. r , l 7 or r 7 L, friction, friction of collision, roughness of granulation. aAeiT'ov, barley meal (§ 41) ; oXat, ovXal (foX), bruised barley. aXw?, threshing-floor (faX) ; aXoaco, to thresh. paico, to smash ; alpa, hammer. Skr. ari, enemy ; eprs, discord ; ep-iOw, to irritate. Lat. areo ; are'na ; alpa, darnel, cockle-weed (from its seeds). Lat. lolium, darnel ; oXvpa, a kind of corn. Lat. urr'unmm, small grain at the base of the ear of corn (-unc-, dim.). ^ 35. Lv„, Ls„ Z„, smoothness, smooth friction. Xeio?, Lat. levis, smooth ; Xewpos, smooth ; Lat. lubrieus, smooth, slippery. Xr?, Xia'cros, smooth ; Xlros, smooth, plain ; X/n 7 , penetration, sharpness, friction, roughness, forcible passage. Lat. aro, apow, to plough; arvurn, arable land, cultivated field (cf. urvo, § 27); apovpa, tilled or arable land; Lat. ms country seat, farm ; Goth, aryan, to plough. 220 V GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vn. paTTTCt), to stitch ; pd/xvoq, a thorn ; rvbus, a briar ; ru'na, a kind of dart ; ru'mex, a kind of missile (§ 46). ap-TD], sickle (cf. Old Lat. sarpo, to prune, § 14) ; dp7re<£os, thorn hedge ; Lat. irpex, rake, grubber. Skr. rup, to be ill-humoured, contrary, angry ; Lat. ritpcx, a boor. Lat. rupes, rock. Lat. rumpo, to burst ; rwmentum = abruptio. Lat. cerum'na, toil, hardship, distress ; Goth, arms, pitiable ; arman, to pity. arbaAths, labour (friction). epevvdw, to search. Lat. ruspor, to search through, explore. The idea of search is groping through, penetration, akin to scrutor, § 8, ypocrcpos, &c, § 3. § 38. L, Lp v Lr 7 , Lm v friction of collision, roughness, rough resistance. Skr. lup, to shatter, rob, suppress; lub\ to be disordered; I mall, vexare ; Xi;7r>;, pain, distress; XvfM], outrage, ruin. \a(3-po?, boisterous ; Aw/ify, outrage ; Acu Aa\j/, hurricane (intens. redupl.) ; Aa-W^w, to swagger, bully ; 6pa-6-\o7ro?, eager for the fray (opvv/ui) ; Lat. lambero, to tear to pieces ; uXotttoo, to tear out or off. Lat. labor, labour, distress. Xaicpos, tattered or hairy garment ; Ao'<£o9, mane, crest ; <\pye-\o(poi, feet of a sheepskin (iii. 19, appendages like ends or tassels) ; 7n;wrAo\J/, kind of duck (fibrous fringe or brush, ii. 30); Il)jve\67r)i (woof-raveller) ; Lat. lappa, a burr; luma, a kind of thorn, rough cloak ; Aco/jia, fringe, border. AeVa?, bare rock ; Ae7ra?, limpet (attached to rock) ; Lat. lams, a stone ; Aaa?, a stone, rock (Aa/ra?). - Irish, ailc'ach, of stone (grianan aileach, palace of stone) ; Goth, al'hs, temple (probably Celtic) ; Goth. Krim. acl, stone.' Kpva-T-aXXog, ice (§ 1); Kop-dWiov, coral (vi. 129); oV-aA- Aa>9, opal (vi. 118); Skr. up'ala, stone, precious stone (vi. 118); (3rjp-v\\os, beryl (v. 9); Lat. croc/allis, gemma cerasum ivprn'sentans (§ 1) ; erist'alis, nomen gemma? candidal qua) ad inclinationes rubescere videtur (vi. 129); A-«AA>/, pebble (Aa/r-aAA^). The suffix in these words seems to denote a stony nature and to be particularised by the preceding- element. sec. 39.] G ROUNDS OF SEVENTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 221 S 39. /_/•.., penetration, friction. Skr. tardy (rid, to split, bore through, hew asunder ; trup, ferire, occidere. renew, to bore ; Terpaivw, Tirpaco, rirputvco, to bore through ; TepqSwv, Lat. teredo, boring worm ; Topos, sharp ; ropos, borer ; o-KoXa-Oup-oo, to dig (§ 7) ; Lat. terebra, borer ; ta/rmes, wood- worm (| 44) ; Tirpoda-Kw, to wound ; Tpav/xa, a wound ; Tpv^xi], Tpv/nu, a hole, a sharp fellow ; rpuiraw, to bore ; rpvywv, the sting-ray; Lat. tragida, a kind of javelin; Goth, thaur- nus, Eng. thorn; Goth, thairh, Eng. through; thairko, hole. Teipw, repva-Kco, to wear out ; rpvo), to rub, wear ; Tpuararos, friable ; rpwyXt], a hole ; Lat. tergo, to rub off, wipe off; Tpv^w, to rub off; rpvyt], crop taken off; arpvyero^, unharvested ; Tpvyovaw, Opvyavdw, to scrape ; rptfioo, to rub, bruise ; 6p[\\s, -i7ro?, worm that eats into wood ; Lat. Jlagritriba, whip- wearer ; tero ; triticum, wheat (granular); de'ter'ice = macttentce, lean; de'terior ; de'tri'mentum ; truncus, maimed, lopped ; tristis, sad ; teres, smooth ; torrens (cf. xapdSpa, § 3) ; torvus, harsh, fierce ; atrox ; trux ; trucldo (§ 11); ma.rturbor (iii. 4). Goth. thrisJcan, Eng. thresh ; throthyan, to exercise ; us m - thriutan, to trouble ; thruts-fill, leprosy (diseased skin). Skr. dar, dp, to burst, tear asunder (penetrating force) ; Sap'SaTTTO), to devour (§ 42) ; Sep'/moWa), to bruise in pieces (§ 45) ; Goth, gaiairan, to burst, tear asunder ; Eng. tear ; Goth, ga'tarmyan, to break forth ; ga'tamyan, to strip ; fiatpw, Selpco, Sepw, to flay, cudgel ; Sepos, Sepfxa, hide, leather, skin taken off; Seppi?, hide; Si(p-Qepa, prepared hide (Sel\eo/uLai, to hurt, waste, spoil ; penetration, roughness, rough resistance. Skr. pas, destruere; pus, pund, conterere; pundarlka. iropSu- At?, TrapSaXis, leopard ; iravQ^p, panther ; Lat. pes'tis, pes'estas, destruction ; tempes'tas, tempest (viii. 16) ; panio ; poena ; po&ni- teo ; troivi], penalty ; airoiva, compensation ; Goth, in'feinan, to pity (to feel pain within, answering to object). ?\[/-, gen. tiros, worm that eats wood ; Lat. apis, bee ; eftiris, -180$, gnat (v. 22) ; Lat. pedis, louse ; cm-pis, point (§ 9) ; xj/AAa, a flea ; Lat, pulex, id. ; yf/qv, the gall insect. ftdro? >], a bramble bush ; fidros 6, the ray-fish ; /3aT/X -a (£•«&>, to feel, grope, stroke (u^»/, i. 8). Lat. palpo, to stroke, touch softly ; palpUo, move with frequent appulse. \|r/ft), \lsew, \|/cto), to rub ; \\rcdw, to rub away ; y^a'pw, to graze ; \J/-atvw, to graze, touch ; \\nd, \W9 -$o$, \J/a/ca9 -^o?, \J/e/c«? - 7 s v tji 7 , L, friction, penetration. Skr. tlvra, rough, violent, sharp, stinging ; Teru]fxai, renif&s, in sorrow. 224 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vn. Skr. div, vexare, queri ; dvis, to be hostile, to hate ; dus, to get bad ; dus-, dur-, malus, pravus, difficilis ; ]S-wi>, ant's nest, ant (§ 45) ; Ang.-Sax. aemette, Eng. emmet, ant (v. 22) ; Lat. tarmes, wood-worm (§ 39). S 45. mj\, lj\, mj 7 , sjmjr m., friction, roughness, penetra- tion, roughening sense of fear. Skr. mard, mrid, to press violently, crush, pound, bray ; ctfiaXS-v-vu), to crush, destroy; Lat. martulus, a small hammer; mort-arium, a mortar; Skr. mridu, soft, tender, malleable; mrid, mridd, earth, loam, clay. Skr. marn, mrin, to bruise, crush, beat to pieces; papvafxai, to fight, strive to the uttermost; Mara; Md'vors (§ 27). fiooros, gore from a wound ; fipurea, Lat. brisa, refuse of olives or grapes after pressing. fxappov, a spade ; Lat. marra, a sort of hoe ; mor'acius, hard (nut) ; /nep/mepos, mischievous, baneful. Lat. molo, to grind ; mola, a mill, grits or grain coarsely skc. 46.] GROUNDS OF SEVENTH PHASE OF UTTERANCE. 225 ground ; /uu\i], a mill ; /uvXccKpis, millstone (§ 1) ; d/uvXov, finest meal ; /udX-evpov, flour (§ 28) ; Lat. molestus, troublesome, grievous ; molucrv/m, mala, the mole (burrows) ; malleus, mallet ; in alas, evil, injurious; fieXei, it is a care; /ueXeos, unhappy; Goth, malan, to grind ; malvyan, to crush ; malma, sand ; m alda, dust, mould, Eng. mould. Lat. inulco, to cudgel; mulcto, to punish, torment; mulda, multa, fine. Sep-imvXXco, to crush, bruise in pieces (§ 39) ; dixaXairrui, to crush, destroy ; /ulwXos, toil of war ; d-fxiXXa, a contest (a = Skr. so-); Lat. sr/n/dii/s, enmity, contest (i. 32); rai/es, a soldier. d/m/mos, sand (cf. xj/a/x^uo?, § 41); dfxij, a mattock; Skr. mi, ferire, occidere. Skr. a/ma, raw, unripe, undigested (a probably gives rough- ness by its guttural nature) ; a/ma, ama, sickness ; am, to be sick ; w/ulos, raw, cruel (un softened, hard, rough) ; 7repnjfj.-eKTeco, to feel violent pain ; Lat. amaras, bitter (cf. moracius, &c., supra) ; 6ju.-(pa^, unripe grape (x. 1). Skr. marg', mrig', to rub off, clean, make smooth ; mai'X, mri% } to stroke, touch, feel; mraks, ungere, rub; ofx.dpyvvfx.i, to wipe ; /mepyco, djuepyo), to pluck ; djuopyos, squeezing out ; dfxopy}], olive lees ; Lat. mercurius, withers (rubbed by yoke) ; mulceo, to stroke, soothe; midgeo, d/ueXyco, to milk; Goth. mihiks, Eng. milk. /xauXi?, a knife ; yU)/\>/, a probe ; Lat. meles, niclis, the badger (burrows). Lat. mar ex, a mollusk with spiky shell, pointed rock, any- thing spiky; /uvp'M^, ant, hidden rock, studded gauntlet (S 46); /uLvp-fxijS-oov, ant's nest, ant (S 44); Goth, micra, ant. fiop/Ao?, vain fear ; /mop/ixco, bugbear to frighten children ; /uopiuopd?, hideous ; iu.opiu.oX 'vttco, to scare ; ar/u.epo-aXeos, o-fj.epS'i>6s, horrid, dreadful. § 46. mje 7 , penetration, sharpness, friction. /md^aipa, knife. Lat. mucro, sharp point or edge. Goth, meki, a sword. ju.yp'ju.11^, -»//co? (§ 45), (3dp-/uia^, fivp'fxa^, ant (§ 27) ; Lat. formica, ant (§ 27); cvmex, a bug (§ 3); rwmex, kind of spear (§ 37). d/jLvcrao), -Pw, to tear, rend, mangle. P 226 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [ohap. vii. § 47. sjjr*, &iJ„, friction, series of adjacent contacts in strew- ing represented as friction. Lat. stringo, to graze, strip off, draw from ; strix, furrow ; striga, furrow, row ; stria, furrow, channel ; strigilis, a scraper ; crrXeyylg -So?, erTeA-y/?, id. ; Goth. striJcs, accentual mark. Skr. star, stri, to strew; a-ropi'v/mi, arrpwvvujua, to strew; arrpaTos, an encamped army, army, people (spread out) ; Lat. sterno, to strew, spread out evenly ; strages, a throwing over the ground, slaughter ; stragulum, what is spread, rug, carpet, mattress ; storea, a straw mat ; Goth, strauyan, Eng. strew. a sieve. § 48. s v L, sJ v s n 7 , sjc v passage through. crdai, cn'jOw, to sift ; %6(jo, to sift, filter ; aivlov, a Lat. sacco, to filter ; saccatum, urine ; sacoyenium (i. 18), crayd'7r}]vov (i. 18), ferula persica and its gum. Skr. sik', to pour out, pour on, pour in ; ik'/ugls, -aoo$, mois- ture (iii. 5) ; eirra-elov, pubes (cf. Ger. seieheri). CHAPTER VIII. GROUNDS IN WHICH THE ACTIONS AND AFFECTIONS OF THE BREATH IN UTTERANCE EXPRESS THE SPIRIT OF MAN AND ITS ACTIONS AND AFFECTIONS AS REPRESENTED IN HIS BREATH OF LIFE, AS WELL AS OTHER SIMILAR ACTIONS AND AFFECTIONS, BOTH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL, OR IN WHICH THEY EXPRESS THE THOUGHT OF THE BREATH ITSELF, OR OF ITS ACTION IN SMELLING, OR THE THOUGHT OF AIR, VAPOUR, ODOUR. In these the attention is fixed on the breath as it moves through the organs in the utterance of the consonants and of the vowels, deriving, however, its expressiveness principally from the former. In the nasals the breath moves through the nostrils, the special organ of respiration, which is the constant condition and indication of life. In them, therefore, it is specially suggestive of the inner energy of life and conscious- ness. But in any of the organs of utterance it may have a similar suggestiveness, for it is on the breath itself that life depends. And in the guttural, owing to its depth in the mouth, the breath may get a special suggestion of life in its internal source and seat ; in the current of the spirants, in the agitation of the vibratiles, in the explosion of the mutes, it may get suggestions of force and movement. Moreover, in any of the elements of uttei'ance the breath may be thought as ex- pelled, and become suggestive of ejection or dislike ; it may be thought as air, or it may be thought as odour conveyed in air, and become, especially in the nasals, suggestive of smell. § 1. mn, m, n. The breath of life in the nostrils repre- senting the being and action of the spirit of man, or breath, air. Skr. man, to think, believe, imagine, honour ; manas, mental or moral power; Old Lat. pro'menevvat = monet; Minerva; Skr. mana, opinion, pride, estimation, honour ; man, to honour ; mna, memorare, enunciare, celebrare ; mani/u, mood, wrath, trouble ; mantra, concerted plan, advice, sacred text ; Lat. 227 228 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. vm. mens; mentio, calling to mind ; corn-mentor, to think over ; Old Lat. mentum = commentum ; fxevrwp, adviser ; Lat. moneo ; mino, minor, to threaten ; Old Lat. miniscor, to recollect ; Lat. memini ; lj.ilj.vri *° choke (cf. irviyoo, § 5) ; Lat. ango, id. ; ave'fxo?, wind ; Lat. an'i'mus, an'i'ma ; an'helo, to pant (§ 15). S 2. m, mt, ms, mk. The same, which, when the breath also passes out through mutes or sibilants, takes from these the significance of a more objective manifestation. julu(i), to strive after, long for, intend ; jualofxat, to endeavour, seek ; fiaifxata, fxai/jLacra-oo, to be very eager (intens. redupl.) ; a'/xaiiJiaK€T09, with vast internal force (a intens.) ; aJro'jucrTo?, of spontaneous impulse ; i]\e'fxa-To?, idle, vain (>/Xeo?, astray) ; A^X" 1 "?' contrivance. Goth, mahei, prudence. Skr. maks, to be angry (s gives force to Jc). § 3. mr, ms, nr. The same, rendered more active by the movement of the vibratile or the force of the sibilant. Skr. mri-%, considerare, reputare. mara, sexual love, smar, to remember, desire. Lat. mccreo; mcvstus, sad; miser; Goth, maurnan, Eng. mourn. /mep/ujjpi^o}, to be anxious ; fiip'i'ixva, care ; Tfxep-og (is, vi. 108). /map-Tvp, witness; Lat. memo/' (redup.). v\aKo-/ui.oopos, always barking ; eyxecrifAwpos, addicted to the spear; lo'imccipo?, dull spirited (iii. 11, -^.copo?, inner habit and tendency) ; Lat. mos. Skr. nar, nri, man (used also of the gods) ; aw;/), man ; av9p-ceTr-os, man (vi. 118); i)voperj, manhood; ayyvoop, manly (ayav, vi. 50) ; Oscan, cas'nar, old man (vi. 65). § 4. kn, n. The same, strengthened by the breath passing to the nostril through a guttural or palatal closure. Skr. g'na, to know ; yiyvaxTKoo, to know ; ynosco (old form), nosco ; gnarus, na'rus, knowing; gnario, gnarigo (old forms), narro, to make known, relate; vgiwro; dvgiwro, to distinguish; Goth, kunnan, Eng. know ; kannyan, to make known. ayi'oew, not to know ; voeeo, to perceive, think (supposed to be derived from an adj. yvofos). Lat. nuntius (old form, nountius ; makes known). Skr. naman, mark, character, name ; ovoy.a, ouvofxa, name ; Lat. nomen, co'gnomen (which preserves the original form gnaman) ; Goth, namo, Eng. name. Kovveoo, to know. Lat, censeo, to judge. Skr. tfairbk, to be solicitous, suspect, suppose. k, a, ks, km, the breath from the throat representing the inner seat of life and personality. 230 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [< hap. vm. Skr. ahcfm (§ 1), eyco'v (| 1), eyw, eyoo'vij (§ 1), Lat. ego, Goth, ik, Eng. I ; Skr. a'sma-, pi. stem of 1st pei*s., »;-/xef? (i. 32). Goth, aha, mind ; alvma, spirit ; alvyan, to think. Goth. 7m//7,s, mind. Goth, us'geis'nan, to be beside oneself (ws = out) ; us'gaisnan, to terrify. Lat. hom'o ; Goth, gaumyan, to observe, see, consider ; git ma, man (the caretaker); bryd-guma, bridegroom. kt, kn, the movement over the tongue of the breath from the throat expressing the action of thought, or, in fuller volume, that of strong emotion. Lat. catus, knowing, skilled. Krj8o$, care ; /ce}arai, to trouble. Skr. leant', to mourn; kad, cornmoveri, terreri ; k'and, to be angry ; Goth, hatan, to hate ; Lat. odium. koto?, resentment. e'-^Oog, hatred ; i-)(6oSo7r6g, hateful. § 5. sv, sp, ps, pn, s, sn, si, v, breath itself, or breath as representing self or spirit, and the inner action of self or spirit. Skr. asu, breath of life, life, spirit; sva, own, self; eo, ov, ol, ee, e, also 7 nom., 1v dat. and ace, crcpels they, iro ; spiritus, breath, spirit. Lat. sponte, of own accord, on own account. Lat. ipse (i. 5). 7rww, to blow, breathe ; ttvoi), wind, breath ; Tvvev'fxwv, the lungs; irvevjxa, wind, breath, spirit; ttivvtos, wise; ttu'v'g-kw, to admonish; Lat. opinor ; 7ruve/uio, to choke, stifle (difficult breathing). seo. 7. J GROUNDS OF THE BREATH OF UTTERANCE. 231 Lat, as'tus, cleverness, craft, cunning (cf. Skr. am) ; astwtus. Goth, aistan, to regard; Lat. ces'timo, to value, estimate (vi. 13). Lat. sent-io, to perceive, feel ; seht'eiitia, a sentiment, opinion, decision ; Goth, snvtrs, wise. Goth, silba, self (cf. , blameless ; fiXiro-ftaw-as, booby (iii. 1); Goth, brmaminyau, to despise; v-en Xj ^ 1 ^ 09 ' name ot old man in comedy (xpe^TO^-ai) ; xpW, Xl 06 '^ 9 ' Xi°°'^' ? ' kinds of fish (slimy). a-Kwp, -UT05, ordure ; vo-fcvOa, swine's dung (ix. 24) ; Lat, swcerda, id. ; mus'cerda, mouse-dung (ii. 39). Lat. stercor-, dung (§ 9); Skr. ^crkrit, ordure (§ 11). Skr. had, cacare ; X 6 '^"' ^ > X°'^ 09 ' or( ^ ure - Skr. kslv, to spit out, vomit ; kdp, to fling away, scorn, despise; 0. H. Ger. scimf, Ger. schimpf, disgrace, mockery; Goth, skaman sik, to be ashamed; Eng. shame; Goth, skanda, disgrace; aiviski, disgrace (skaivi'skiv ? Skr. kslv); aio")(oSi 232 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap.viii. disgrace, ugliness ; Lat. olrsccenus, obscenus, ill-boding, repulsive {ob'skcevnus, met with abhorrence). ki(3Sos, dross, alloy ; KifiStjXo?, spurious ; Lat. hibrida. ep-l-Trroo, to upbraid ; 7a/x/3o?, satiric foot ; lay.fil'Cw, to lam- poon ; Eng. jape, to insult contemptuously. cr/cw7rTa), to mock, jeer. (TKufiaXov, dung. Koirpos, dung. a(Tu(p'>]\o?, vile, degrading. o"Xe\vva£co, ^eXvvd^co, ^Xeva^o}, to joke, jest, scoff; x^eM], joke, jest; epe-o~)(e\e<»), to jest, talk lightly (ix. 14). 0-/XA0?, jeering, satire ; Goth, saldra, jest, scurrility. Goth, spai'shuldrs, spittle (§ 9). § 8. n, nt, the ejection of the breath representing dislike, contempt. Skr. nid, to mock, despise, jeer at ; oveiSos, reproach, blame, disgrace ; Goth, ga'naityan, to dishonour ; oviSla, horse's dung ; ovdo9, dung. ovo/mai, to scorn, blame. vodos, spurious. § 9. pt, p, ps, st, sp, tm, tn, tr, ks, the ejection of the breath representing other ejections, also disgust, contempt. (3§ew, to break wind, stink ; ftS6\-o$, stink ; (3Se\-vrrw, to disgust ; fiSuWco, to insult. Lat. stercvs, dung (§ 7) ; o-repyavos, a privy. Lat. turpis. Trrdp'Wfu, to sneeze ; tttvoh, (pOv^co, ^i/ttw, to spit ; irvTiXu), to spit out. Lat. sternuo, to sneeze, spuo, to spit; Goth, speivan, spevan, to spit ; Eng. spew ; Goth, spai'shuldrs, spittle (§ 7) ; Lat. spurcus, dirty, base, mean. Skr. bad', spernere, vituperare ; (pQovoq, envy (species of disgust); Lat. fastus, contempt (faO'tus); fas'tvdiwn, loathing. Skr. band, to scorn, jeer. Lat. temno. Sevvos, reproach. Skr. km, to sneeze. \|/-a>«, putrid stencil. Lat. fosteo, to stink; fcedus, foul. breath, life, spirit ; era/r\J/-i»xoi/. marjoram (sweet fragrance, § 20). fir/cro-a), -j-ao, to cough ; J3vki?, blustering ; Lat. bucca, inflated cheek. cpwKt], seal ; (pcoxaiva, porpoise (blowing) ; Lat. faux, top of throat ; pcrfoco, sitffoco, to suffocate. § 13. kv, kp, vp, kt, k, breath, air, fragrance, expressed more strongly by sending the breath through the guttural, labial, or dental closure. Skr. x' ra -s, to blow, breathe ; y^usma, hissing breath, vapour. Kairvco, to breathe forth ; kuttos, natpos, breath ; KeK>]]\ag, windy. § 16. tv, tp, tm, sm, t, I, s, breath, vapour, smell, wind, expressed by the breath made sensible as it passes over the tongue or through the nose, force also being given to it by sending it through the dental or labial closure. Ov/ulos, breath, life, the soul. Skr. d'upa, incense, smoke of incense ; rvcpw, to smoke ; Tv = smelling like aSt^os) ; idp-Ka, an Indian bark (§§ 18, 13) ; \d-Ka§a) ; o ox (sound of lowing) ; /3ov'kos, cowman ; Lat. bos. /3o>/, shout ; Lat. bovo, to roar. /5Ja?, fivYa, owl ; fiv(u), -£«, to hoot as the owl ; Lat. bubo, owl. ^)rt\|y, -a/5o?, smaller kind of dove ; (pouro-a, wood-pigeon (the labial cooing strengthened with ?). , (Sog-kus, /3acr/ca?, (paaKa?, a kind of duck (ctk gives rough- ness). fivn-cra, a sea-bird ; "fiv^, a screaming bird ; lfiv(w, to shout ; 7rcoUy^, a water-bird. fiafiaKos, grasshopper, ' frog ; (3a/3vK, to hoop like the hoopoe ; ttottx^Tw, to sound with the lips ; Lat. opunculo, a bird. vj3pk, -ISos, night-bird of prey. (py/ml, to say, speak; Lat. for; fa'nvm, sanctuary (place of inspired utterance) ; fanaticus, inspired, enthusiastic ; aXXo-- (pdcrcrw, to be delirious ; Lat. in-fit, begins to speak (enters on speaking). Lat. butio, a bittern ; butio, to cry like a bittern ; buteo, a buzzard ; fiovTuKis, a kind of singing-bird. Lat. butvhatta, worthless things (utterance without meaning). fiarro-Xoyeco, {3 arret- pity, to speak stammeringly (imitation of the utterance). Lat. petro, a rustic (imitation of utterance ; cf. patois) ; petrcia, qua3 pompam praecedens imitabatur anum ebriarn. fidp-ftiros, lyre of many strings (§ 15). (pwr'iy^, fife (§ 8). § 2. vp, vk, v, vt, rn, pt, pn, vs, ps, imitation of utterance of sound from the lips, or through the lips from the throat or over the tongue ; a nasal gives continuance or resonance. eetirov, I said (epenrov) ; eVo?, a word, verse ; o^\r, the voice. Goth, vopyan, to call. Skr. vale, to say, speak; vale, speech, voice; Lat. vox; voco ; vagio, to cry, squall ; db'vagulo, to demand aloud ; coiv- vic'ium, railing. Ski\ rax, <'«-s, to bellow, low, howl, scream ; /3a£co -£», /Sj/^V to speak ; a/3a/o/9, speechless. Goth, auh'yon, to make noise, disturbance. cwoo, fut. avcroo, to shout. Skr. vat, loqui, dicere ; Lat. autumo, to assert; Skr. vad, to speak, say; vand, to praise; vSew, to tell of, celebrate; vOXos, talk; deiSoo, to sing (ap eiSto) ; u>S6s, singer; avSi'}, voice; aij&wv, nightingale (§ 5). Goth, veit'vods, witness (vi. 119, tells what he knows). Skr. pat, dicere; paf, to recite aloud. Skr. rid, bid, vociferari ; Goth, ritoth, command, law ; Skr. vit\ orare, supplicare ; via*, to worship, honour ; Lat. iivvito ; aireoo, to ask, beg. (pOeyyo/mcu, to speak aloud. Goth, bichjan, to ask, pray ; biudan, to command ; Eng. bid ; 240 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. ix. (loth, busns, command. (The root has a fuller form, more voice, in the latter verb ; the conjugational element is stronger in the former, more expressive of influence exerted on the person addressed). Skr. b\m, to speak ; (pwv//, voice ; b' and, to receive praise, acclamation. Skr. b' as, to speak, say; fiao-Kaivoo, to slander, bewitch (with ill words, cf. /3a£/o) ; Lat. vascus, kind of flute (from its sound ?). y^iOupog, whispering, slanderous (subdued sibilation through the lips). \|/-o'0o9, -^s6], kind of woodpecker. cnri'Cw, to chirp ; cnrl^a, small chirping bird ; cnrlvos, cr7r/yyo9, finch ; Lat. spintumix, a bird of ill omen (§ 4, v. 28). \|/ajO, stai'ling ; Lat. 2 )asser i sparrow ; Goth, sparva, Eng. sparrow ; Lat. ptsito, to utter the cry of the starling ; \^7ttoc/co9, fiiTTaKos, parrot ; cnrTa/co?, id. ; irrvy^, a water-bird ; gt/ttj/, kind of woodpecker ; u'ltto^, jay or hawk ; ^rlrra, v, nightingale (§ 2); (Sov, -ov, prolonged sound); TOvOpvs, muttering (§ 4) ; rovOop'ir'Cco, TOV'OoXwyeco, to mutter (§ 4). Lat. ndla, a bell (I gives vibration). § 6. Jcr, skr, the breath sent through the constricted throat over the vibration of the tongue to represent a penetrating shrill or rough sound, or quivering interrupted sound. Skr. krad, krand, to neigh, roar, creak, cry in lamentation ; Mad, Hand, to call, wail. Lat. scordalus, wrangler, brawler. Skr. Jeru\, to cry, shriek; krostar, jackal ; Lat. curruca, a small bird ; Goth, hruk, to crow ; Eng. rook. Ktjpv^ a herald. Goth, and-hruskan, to ask questions (and = to). Goth, hraiva-dubo turtledove (cf. kalarava, § 7). KpaCy>, -£«, to croak, scream, cry ; tcpavyrj, a crying, screaming ; KplYw, KpUe 2nd Aor., KeKpIya, to creak ; Kpcb^co, -&o, to crow ; Kopa]*, Kopcovrj, a crow ; Lat. corvus, a crow ; cor'- nix, a crow (v. 28); crocio, to croak as a raven ; corcus, disease of the chest; cucurio, to crow (as a cock); quirito, to scream; quirrito, to grunt ; quer or, to complain; qiirrqurdidn, kind of duck (§4). KpeKU), Kt'p-^co, to make a rough sound ; Kpej*, a bird ; tcep- kioov, a bird ; Kep-^vo?, hoarse ; Kepyi'tj, a hawk ; Ke^pafAos, the ortolan ; Lat. ccrceris, water-bird. sec. 7.] GROUNDS IMITATIVE OF SOUNDS. 243 I ate pis, -ISo?, locust; Lat. acredula, a bird (§ 4); carduelis, the goldfinch. KpiSSw, to laugh. Goth, hrotheigs, triumphant ; Old Norse, hrodhr, encomium ; Ang.-Sax. hrodh, fame. Goth, hropyan, to call. Lat. crepo, to rattle, creak ; cr&pundia, jingling toys, cymbals, castanets ; Kpeju{3aXov, rattle, castanet ; Kopvo^, kind of locust (*fc § 2). Skr. /trap, loqui. KupiWiov, a narrow-necked vessel that gurgles in pouring (cf. (3o/ut.f3uXio$, id.). Koptcopvyr'i, rumbling hollow sound ; Kapfiavos = (3ap(3upos ; KupfBaX^') = (BapfBaplXw. yapyupt(w, to gargle. ypvfy, to grumble, mutter ; ypvXog, a pig ; ypvcrcnav, sucking-pig ; opdcfyopiaKog, id. (vi. 83) ; Lat. grunnio, to grunt ; graculus, jay, jackdaw ; gracillo, to cackle ; gryllus, a cricket, grasshopper ; grits, crane ; yepavos, Eng. crane. Skr. gar, gri, to call, announce, praise ; yrjpvo), to sing, say, celebrate ; Lat. garrio, to chatter. Skr. g ar, to utter a fearful cry ; Goth, gaurs, sad ; gauryan, to trouble, grieve ; Old Sax. gornun, to lament ; Goth, gretan, Krim. h'itcn, to weep, wail. Lat. It irrio, to snarl ; Skr. hras, sonare ; hrad, tonare ; hres, hes, hinnire ; ^pe/x/^co, to neigh. ^jOOyuacJo?, crashing sound. Goth, grainy an, to provoke ; Ang.-Sax. grimman, Old Sax. grimmian, to growl. Goth, iis'grudya, loth ; Eng. grudge, to murmur, be loth to concede. ylyypa?, -avrog, a small flute of shrill or plaintive sound (§ 8) ; gitvgrio, to scream (geese, § 8). § 7. II, Ir, the same. Skr. kala, speech impeded by tears, fine low sound; kalarava, dove (cf. Xapvvw, § 20) ; col'umba, dove (§ 21). KeXapv'fw, to gurgle, murmur ; KeXapv^a, one that screams ; KoXXvplcov, kind of thrush ; KaXavSpos, kind of lark ; KuAapt?, bird; Lat. olor, swan; koXoios, jackdaw. kXuIu), /cAaucrco, to weep, wail ; kXo^o), /cAcey^co, to scream ; 244 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. ix. f Lat. clang o, to clank ; kXw^co, -£co, to cluck ; yXdfy, -y^w, to sing aloud ; KeXaSos, loud noise. Lat. gallvlasco, to begin to sound hoarse ; gallus, a cock ; glocio, to cluck ; gloctoro, to cry like a stork ; glaucito, to yelp ; sin'gv.l'tus, sobbing (§ 24). ^aX/c/?, black hawk; Skr. Idas, sonare. ki^Xt], thrush ; ki^Xi'^, to chirp, titter. Goth, hlahyan, Krim. lachen, Eng. laugh; Goth, uf'hlohyan, laugh, be glad. Goth, golyan, to greet. ylyyXapo?, kind of flute or fife (§ 8.) ecno > tft "7j loud sound ; 1% voice ; rjiow, report. | 11. kt, ks, imitation of sound launched with open organs from the throat over the point of the tongue, rendered finer by narrowing its volume with the palatal closure, or strengthened with an associated sibilant. Skr. leaf, loqui, narrare ; Jcatt' , to boast, emphasise. Skr. k'ataka, sparrow ; k'ataka, cuculus melanoleucus ; Lat. coturnix, the quail (S 4, v. 28) ; kwt/Ao?, chattering. Skr. gad, to speak, say. Skr. g'us, to cry aloud, call out. Goth, quithan, to speak, say. haitan, to call. KiOapa, a harp, the chest ; KiOdpai, the ribs. Kiaaa, chattering jay. £ov66?, epithet of sound, fine, sharp. j^oavov, musical instrument. Lat. cito, to call ; recito, read out, recite ; citeria, effigies arguta et loquax quas in pompa vehi solebat. Skr. \ds, to speak up loud and solemnly, especially a hymn to a god ; Lat. carmen (casmen) ; Goth, hazy an, to praise. Skr. has, ridere ; Lat. hisirio, actor. § 12. kp, imitation in the cavity of the mouth of a hollow sound or of a sound of the mouth. KovKovcpa, the stork or hoopoe. Skr. hup, loqui ; Lat. nun'cvpo, to call by name (nomen-ciqi) ; Goth, hi/ffan, to lament. | 13. vr, pr, pi, ps, sound sent through the lips and over the tongue to imitate either the cry of birds through their bill and over their tongue, or the utterance of man breaking forth from his lips and tongue, or utterance impeded and confined as by the lips, or sound sent forth strong. Skr. vartaka, the quail (§ 3) ; op'ruP, id. (§ 3). TrepSt^, partridge (§ 3); irep-fa-Tepd, dove (§ 4); Lat. pdrvs, tomtit ; parra, a bird. sec. 14.] GROUNDS IMITATIVE OF SOUNDS. 247 Lat. ]>((/■ iiuib'CS, wood-pigeon (§ 21); -ireXeia, id.; Lat. pupillo, to cry like a peacock ; pulpo, to cry like the vulture ; palara, a sweet-singing bird ; ojrilio, a bird. Lat. ploro. Lat. a/ppello ; compello ; interjoello. Goth. jtautan, to boast. Lat. farior, to speak. Lat. re-fragor, to oppose, gainsay ; suffragor, to vote for. /3pd£i$, the voice, (with a sense of guttural action). Skr. bru, to speak, say. (3dpfiapo$, not Greek (unintelligible speaker) ; fiopfiopvfy, to rumble in the bowels ; fiepfiepvCw, to stammer. Lat. bilbo, to make the sound of liquid shaken in a vessel (I between two 6's gives. a sense of movement in the shut mouth) ; balbus, stammering (utterance impeded as if partially shut in the mouth) ; Mcesus, lisping ; ^e\\6s, speaking imper- fectly (utterance impeded with sibilation). Lat. blatero, to babble; /3Xgcttoo>, to be childish ; Lat. balatro, babbler. Lat, bab, to bleat ; Uadero, to bleat ; /3Ai?x>/» bleating (cf. /3)//o7, § 2). (pXoiaftos, confused roaring noise ; Lat. felio, to cry like a panther. 7re/ji-(pp}]-Sm>, wasp (buzzing, §§ 23, 5 ; cf. Tev9prj8a>v). § 14. vr, r, sound flowing through the lips with nimble action of the tongue. eipa), to say (e'f/w) ; epo/mai, epeoo, epeeivco, to ask (-e- and -eiv- probably causative) ; ep-/u.r]vevs, interpreter (viii. 1) ; epe-o"xe\ew, to jest, talk lightly (viii. 7) ; ep-oor'fuo, to ask (speak listening, § 27, for reply). pew, to say ; pyros, said, spoken, specified, covenanted ; pvrpa, Mo\. frpdrpa, covenant, saying (verbal decision). Lat. ra-tus, decided, settled ; irrvtus, of no effect ; rc'or, to think, deem (make for oneself a verbal decision) ; ra'tio, pro- cess of verbal settlement ; re'us, person who is subject to verbal decision. Lat. dis'er'tus, open, copious, clear in language. Lat, mrbum; Goth. vaurd, Eng. word. In these the expression 248 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. is. is strengthened by being sent through the labial or dental closure. § 15. pr, pi, ptr, vr, m, rk, Ir, ru, sound vibrating or rough, represented as breaking forth with force by being sent through the labial closure, as vibrating by association with r or /, as hoarse by the guttural, as resonant or prolonged by a nasal. /3|° a 7X ' ? > hoarse '■> fipdayxos, fidrpuyos, frog ; fipdyxo?, windpipe ; fidpayyo?, fipdyyo?, sore throat, gills ; fipayu), shriek, clash ; fipvydo/uLai, to roar ; Lat. fragor, crashing noise. Goth, vroh'yan, to accuse ; vark'yan, to forbid ; -vargs, refus- ing ; gcfvarg'yan, to condemn. Lat. frigo, to squeak ; frigulo, to make the jackdaw's note ; frigutio, to twitter, chirp ; fringilla, small bird ; fritinnio, to chirp (§ 5). (ppvvrj, a toad. Lat. rana, frog. fipd^ao, fut. -cca-ft), to growl ; (3a(3pdi£w, to chirp, chatter ; (3e(3pd$, /u.e/u.(3pd^, grasshopper. fidp-fiiT-os, harp of many strings (sound of vibrating strings, § 1) ; (pdp-fjuy£, lyre (same § 21); fiXfavpi, sound of a harp-string. (3pe/m.co, to roar ; (3p6/m.og, any loud noise ; fipi/J-v, expression of anger ; I3pooim.doiut.ai, to bray ; Lat. frcmo, to roar. (3povrr), thunder. 7rdpvoy\r, kind of locust (p-^r, shrill-voice). peyyco, peytca), to snore ; poyOog, roaring. Lat. racco, ranco, to cry like a tiger ; epevyofxai, to bellow ; Lat. rugio, to roar ; Goth, rauktyan, to groan ; opvyixos, oopvyi}, roaring. copuo/nai, to roar ; 6pw/ui.aySds, loud noise (§ 21). Skr. ru, to roar, cry, hum ; Goth, runa, a secret ; 0. H. Ger. runa, a whisper, a secret ; Old Lat. antroare, to thank (cf. Ang.-Sax. and'svarian, to answer) ; ad'rumo, to make a noise ; rumito, to spread reports ; Lat. rumor. Lat. ranis, hoarseness; mucus, hoarse; puj^co, to growl, snarl, scream ; poyyog, snout, bill. Xvpa, lyre (vibrating sound). -jravS'ovpa, stringed instrument (§ 23) ; /xivvp-oq, whining (| 1G); Lat. miwurrio, to chirp (§ 16); oXo^'upo/xia', to lament (§ 19) ; /uivvpo/uLui, to warble (§ 1G) ; (3\ir-vpt, sound of a harp- string (see above). beo. 19.] GROUNDS IMITATIVE OF SOUNDS. 249 § 16. mn, inarticulate sound without action of the organs of the mouth. /uuwp'6?, whining; /unvvpofxai, to warble, hum a tune; Lat. miwurrio, to chirp ; miwtrio, to squeak as mouse (§ 4) ; mcur- edula, jackdaw (§ 4). § 17. St, tn, tp, energetic utterance of sound, expressed by strong emission of the breath over the tongue, breaking through the lips in a labial, or getting resonance or prolongation in a nasal ; also difficult utterance. Skr. stan, to thunder, roar ; tan, ct an, a an, to sound ; a-revoo, to groan ; ^revroop ; 2-n/y*a, feast celebrated with scurrility ; Lat. tono. , to cry aloud ; SrwXvyios, far-sounding ; vXdco, to bark, bay ; Lat. ululo, to howl ; Skr. uluka, owl ; Lat. ulula, ulucus, screech-owl. Xapvvw, to coo like a dove. eXeo?, kind of owl. Lat. hill urn, lullaby. uA«A>/, loud cry ; dXaXdYw, to raise a cry ; dXaVwv, boaster, impostor (loud talker). Lat. 1 amentum (viii. 1) ; Goth, laian, to revile (cf. Skr. rai, § 19). a-weiky'i, threat, promise (held out). XaXeo), to speak. Goth. MTftals, untaught (cf. Eng. tell, Ger. zahl, declaration in a succession of parts) ; talzyan, to instruct. Xuko?, noise ; aXeK'rcop, cock ; Xijkcw, to sound ; loquor, to speak, talk (colloquially, cf. Skr. lap, § 19). Xlyyo), to twang ; Xiyu$, clear, shrill (the slender i gives shrillness, the nasal resonance). XdcrKio, to sound, ring ; Xarrr'ayeo), to sound ; Xtcr^i, talk- ing, conversation ; Lat. lessus, a wailing cry (cf. Skr. ras, § 19); Xufy, -£ou, to sob, whine, whimper ; Lat. Ivgeo, to mourn ; XevyaXeos, wretched ; Xvypd?, sad ; eXeyos, a lament. Skr. lot, pueriliter, inepte loqui ; Lat. latro, to bark ; XatS-pd?, sec. 23.] GROUNDS IMITATIVE OF SOUNDS. 251 impudent; Xoifropos, reviling (cf. Goth, laian) ; Lat. lis, -itis, dispute. Goth, lathon, to call, comfort ; liuthon, to sing. Xd'i'o?, kind of thrush ; inro'Xais, -I809, small bird. Old Lat. e'laudare, plus quam nominare ; Lat. fan do. § 21. in, mu, mk. The sound of m or mu is a soft smooth sound or a muffled sound ; but when combined with a guttural, it may express resonance or continuance given to the voice. Skr. am, to utter a sound, to honour; ami', to sound; o/n-vufii, to swear; dfMpi'i, oracle, divine voice, sweet voice, rumour. The idea in the preceding is of a voice subdued or sacred, oi/ir/, song, lay ; v/j-vos, hymn. Lat. col-umba, dove (§ 7); pal-umbes, wood-pigeon (§ 13). Lat. mutio, musso, to mutter ; mutio, make a sound like a goat (with closed lips) ; /ut-vfy), to murmur, moan ; y.vX\w, to murmur ; fxvpfco?, dumb ; Lat. murmur. Skr. many', mug', sonare ; /moyyos, with a hoarse, hollow voice ; opv /may §6$, loud noise (§ 15). (pop-/uLiy^, lyre (§ 15); m/miKiou, a musical instrument of thirty-five strings (§ 25) ; 1 gives fineness to the sound. fiayd?, bridge of cithara ; /maydSts, kind of harp, flute. fAVKao/uai, to low, bellow ; Lat. mugio, id. ; /xu^^/^w, to moan ; Old Lat. commugento = convocanto. /mi/mi^'/mo?, neighing. fir/Kaofxai, to bleat. 6/ma(oo, to roar, growl. § 22. n, nt, nk, prolonged sound. vtjvta, Lat. nenia, dirge. Skr. nad, to shout ; nand, to rejoice. oyKao/uai, to bray ; Lat. onco, id. § 23. pm, pn, prolonged sound. (36/ul(3os, humming ; (36fif3v\o9, gurgling ; f36/x{3v£, a jar, Lac. ; fio/mftd^, mock heroic expression of wonder ; fie/ifii^, a buzzing insect. ire/mcppirfcev, a wasp (§§ 13, 5). (3afxj3aLvco, fia/xfiaXw, to chatter with the teeth, stammer. irav^-ovpa, musical instrument of three strings (§ 15). 252 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. ix. § 24. sv, yv, sk, m, utterance of sound from the throat over the tongue. Skr. sii'kara, pig (grunt-maker) ; avs, v$, id. ; Lat. sus; Goth. svein, Eng. swine. a-i^u), to hiss ; a-iy/ma, the sibilant letter (the close vowel increases the sibilation). Goth, sviglon, to pipe (the close vowel gives higher pitch to the sound). Goth, svogyan, to sigh. Lat. siwgul'tus, sobbing, hiccup, death-rattle, clucking, croak- ing, gurgling (| 7) ; the closeness of the first syllable throws the utterance of the word more into the subsequent guttural part, sono, Skr. svan, to sound. Skr. star, svri, to utter sound ; Goth, svaran, Eng. swear ; Ang.-Sax. and'svarian, Eng. answer; Lat. jus, juro (positive declaration) ; jubeo ; jiibihtm, a shout ; KoXo'crup-rog, tumult, uproar (§ 7) ; ], 7rdrvt], a manger ; jXy, the nipple ; OijXvg, female ; aOeXyoi, to milk ; OcocrOai, to drink (Benfey). tit66$, teat, nurser ; ti6>]vo?, nursing ; Ti6ar/3a) m i m h, in>/> imbibing through the lips, or through the lips and over the tongue. Skr. pa, to drink ; ir'ivw, Mo\. 7rcovo», perf. 7re7ru>Ka, to drink ; irlvov, beer ; Lat. panaca, drinking vessel ; po'sca, a drink ; po'culum, a cup; potus, drinking. Lat. bibo (redupl.) ; Old Lat. cx'bwres, ex'lu'ce = epotaz ; Lat. im'buo. (polvij, Lac. = Oolvi] (| 8) ; lo'/'cpw, to be sober. J38d\\to, to milk, suck; (3Se\\a, leech; Lat. batiola, drinking- cup ; €7rr(3Sa, day after feast (Lat. repotia) ; (3airul~, leech. arTrari^co, to suck, otto'?, ottio'v, juice (cf. Eng. sap, &c). (pOoi's, cup. Lat. fcllo, to suck. Se-n-as, a goblet ; Stya, thirst. ixa.fj.fx>], Lat. mamma, the breast ; fxa{6$, yuao—rd?. fxaa-609, the breast ; fxvXw, -£a>, afxvt^ci), to suck. § 10. pr, spr, vr, reception within the lips and transmission over the tongue, drinking, swallowing. R 258 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. x. Lat. bria, goblet ; e'brms, drunk (cf. exbures, § 9) ; so'brius, sober (iv. 19) ; fipovs, drinking. (pap'vy^, the throat (§ 11); aa-cpdpayos, id.; (pdpayj-, a gully * ava'fipdyu), to gulp ; (3p6)(6o?, ftpov^, the throat ; (3povKo$, locust without wings; fidpaOpov, gulf; fipv}*, -xos, the depth of the sea ; /3pvKco, fipvTToo, devour. Lat. tuburcinor, raptim manduco (vii. 42). Lat. voro, to swallow up. Lat. frwmen, the gullet (§ 11). § 11. rk, Ik, kl, uk, unk, transmission over the tongue to the throat, or from the throat over the tongue. Lat. eruca, urica, caterpillar (swallowing) ; rauca, a species of worm ; ru'men, the gullet ; rmnis, teat ; ixiypvKao), to chew the cud (§ 5) ; M'/'j ^ the scarus (supposed to ruminate). epeuyofxai, to disgorge ; Old Lat. erugo, id. ; Lat. erudo, nwto, to belch. XavKavirj, the throat ; \}'}kv6o$, apple in the throat ; Lat. lomsta. y\dyo?, yd\a, -ktos, Lat. lac, milk ; lacfruca, lettuce (juicy) ; y\u^, the milk- vetch ; Lat. lactvlago (vi. 92). Lat. mand'uco, glutton (§ 5) ; mas'uc'ius, edax (§ 5) ; icap-- vK-r], rich savoury sauce (§ 18); \a, -^w, to swallow greedily (§ 15); \dp-vy£, the swallow (§ 16); //3u£w, to gulp ; KoXaf3po$, KoXvfipiov, young Pig- Skr. gri, gar, to swallow ; Lat. gurges, whirlpool, gulf (swallow up). ■^dpv^Sts, whirlpool ; Lat. hirudo, leech. Lat. cuvcul-io, gurguVio, a weevil, the gullet. Skr. gras, glas, to devour, swallow. ^ 14. kp, kt, passage down the throat from the lips or over the tongue. /ca7TTft>, to swallow, gulp down ; Kairrj, manger ; KainiTov, fodder. Lat. cibus, food for man or beast ; copadia, cupedia, dainties. Lat. guttur, throat ; guttus, narrow-necked vessel ; Old Lat. guttumium, vas angusti oris ex quo aqua in manus datur ; eoturnium, vas ex quo in sacrificiis vinum fundebatur. § 15. lp, Im, rp, passage over the tongue from the lips. XairToo, to lap with the tongue, drink greedily ; Xadyucra-o), -^o), to swallow greedily, eat gluttonously (§11); Xafipo?, glut- tonous ; Xafipwvios, large wide cup (-oov- amplif.) ; Lat. labium, labia, labrum, lip (denoted by the necessary part which the lip performs in the act of lapping) ; lambo, to lick, lap. Xi[x(3o$, greedy, dainty ; Xijuos, hunger (close) ; Xcu/u.6?, the throat ; Xujuos, the maw, crop ; Xdfjua, ravenous monster or fish. poipew, to gulp down ; poifiSeoo, to swallow ; epe7rro/uai, to feed on. ^ 16. It, tl, si, sr, yr, Ir, passage over the tongue, swallowing. XaiTixa, gulf or depth of the sea. aTTe\af3o$, wingless locust. SeXeap, SeXos, bait. Goth, fra'slindan, to swallow up. Lat. sorbeo, to suck in, swallow. typos, a bird of prey ; QpeOpov, Arcad. = BdpaOpov (§ 10). Xdpog, a ravenous sea-bird ; Xdp-vy^, the swallow (§ 11); Lat. lurco, a glutton ; lura, the mouth of a leathern bag, entrails. 2G0 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. x. § 17. Ik, tic, Id, tl, action of the tongue in licking, the tongue, taste. Skr. lili, to lick ; Xely^w, to lick up ; Xlyyos, greedy, dainty ; Lat. lingo, to lick ; lingua, the tongue; lig'urio (desid.), to lick up ; ligurius, greedy ; Goth, bidaigon, to lick ; etcXeiy/xa, Lat. e'lectwarium, edectarium, what is sucked over the tongue. Old Lat. dingua, Goth, tuggo, Eng. tongue ; Skr. g'ihva, tongue (g' = cly). Skr. lag, gustare ; Xa'pos, sweet. yXwcnra, the tongue (yXwtcya ?) ; yXvicvs, sweet ; yXeuicos, SevKos, sweet new wine ; Lat. dulcis. Lat. halec, alec, fish-pickle ; allium, garlic (strong taste). § 18. kr, ks, kv, tasting with the tongue. yapov, Lat. garum, kind of fish-sauce ; yaph>os, yap'o-icos, kinds of fish ; Old Lat. gigeria, decerpta ex raultis obsouiis. KapvKi], rich savoury sauce (§ 11); Kap-otvov, sweet wine (vi. 102) ; Kapov, caraway ; Kapva'fiaSiov, id. (§ 19) ; icopiavvov, coriander. Lat. gus'to, to taste ; yevuo, to taste ; Lat. degivnere, to taste. § 19. sv, sp, action of the tongue and lips in tasting. Lat. sapor, taste, flavour ; sapio, to taste, savour of, have sense or discernment ; sapiens, wise ; sapercla, witty ; sapa, new wine boiled down. (raTripStjs, Lat. saperda, a salted fish ; irairepSis, a fresh fish ; , to wail aloud. o/'i'o?, wailing ; ayX'e/uLo?, a wail ; Lat. ej'ulo, to wail. § 2. From a stronger interjection, ach ! ®X 0? ' distress ; ayavaK'Teo), to be very vexed. From a milder form of the same. Lat. oyer, sick, distempered ; ay'a'/xou, aya-ofxai, to wonder, admire, grudge ; ayaiofxai, to be angry, envy. Goth, agis, fear. From an interjection of contempt. Skr. aga, evil ; afig' , to despise ; Goth, agls, shameful. § 3. eva! eval ! evot ! joy; Lat. evax ! eja ! ehem ! joy. surprise, exhortation ; hem ! surprise, joy, grief ; eho ! An exalted sense of life expresses itself in hau ! a u ! eva Xu>, to celebrate ; Lat. ovo, to exult. ctyavos, noble ; ayavp'6$, proud ; yav-p'os, exulting ; yalw, to exult (yafi'w) ; yyO'eoo, Lat. gawd'eo, to rejoice ; av'd'eo, to dare. Skr. av, to be happy, enjoy, satisfy, love, wish ; u'ti, delight, enjoyment ; Lat. utor, Old Lat. odor (avitor, oitor, Curtius) ; urns ; usurpu (ii. 53) ; aveo, haveo, to be happy, desire earnestly ; ava'rus, eagerly desirous. 262 sec. 7.] ROOTS OF INTERACTIONAL ORIGIN. 263 av-^i), Kaux't], boasting ; ev^o/uai, to boast. Goth, hvopan, to boast (cf. vopyan, ix. 2). § 4. vae ! pain or dread ; vah ! astonishment, joy, anger ; oval ! pain, anger ; ova. ! admiration or astonishment ; ea, sur- prise or displeasure; ee / pain or grief; Goth, vai / woe. Goth, vainei ! would that (-a, relative pronominal suffix). Lat. vii'is, mean, base (weaker form of interjection). Goth, uwvahs, blameless. Goth, vainans, wretched. § 5. Lat. pro ! proh ! wonder, lamentation. Lat. pro'brum, disgrace; im'pro'pero, to reproach (redupl.). § 6. iroTra £ / surprise, anger ; iroiroi ! surprise, anger, pain ; irairal ! pain. fiaflui ! Lat. papa; ! surprise, amazement ; (3ol ! dislike or scorn. ;t, in miscria, KaK'la, dissid'ium, mnic-itia, felic-vtas, icto-tw, equality, are pronominal, and express the act of attention directed to a quality in abstracting it as a substantive object. OHAP. xii.] FORMATIVE ELEMENTS IN GREEK AND LATIN. 20 7 -ta and -rrjs also, in navi'ta, sailor, and 7roArr//9, citizen, are pronominal. And s in the neuter substantives which have -as in Skr., -09 in Greek, and -or- in Latin is probably also pronominal. -ivus in cest'ivus, captivus, express coincidence with time, nature, or condition (i. 9). II. The meanings in the second division are like those of roots in the sixth chapter, whose expressiveness lay in the sixth phase of utterance. Skr. -tri-, -rep, Lat. -ter, in pi'tri, 7rdrr]p, pater, and the other nouns of kindred, seem to have the same significance as Skr. tar, to pass over, and to express correlation, as transition from one correlative to another (vi. 9). -rep, -ter, in iroTep-os, e-rep'os, wter, alter express simi- larly the thought of an alternative as transition from one to another. Skr. -tri, -n'ip, -rcop, -rpl?, -rpla, Lat. -tor, expressing the agent, add to the root what gives transition from idea to fact ; and a similar element is added in nouns of the instrument by the suffixes -rpov, -trum, Tpa, as apo'rpov, a plough ; Lat. ara'trum ; ^va-rpa, a currycomb. A similar significance belongs to -6po-, -6pu, -tAo, -6\o, -r\r], -6\j], all which form nouns of realisation ; and to -tills, -His, in vokctilis, ag'ilis. And the breaking forth of the utter- ance in the sixth phase gives a similar significance of realisa- tion to -brum, -Iris, -bra, -bidum, -crum, -cris, -culum, -bilis, both passive and active, as ventil&brum, a winnowing instru- ment ; fune'bris, what constitutes a funeral ; late'bra, a hiding- place ; vena'bulum, a hunter's spear ; sepul'crum ; volu'cris, a bird ; operculum, a lid ; visvbilis ; vulnerabilis, wounding. -ulus, -ellus, -ela, -lus, -la, -r, -or, -ur, -ura, -pos, -A09, express realisation in trem'idns, miscellus, querela, nubi'lus, scaia, intcyer, elam'or, fulg'ur, fig'ura, Xvir'pos wretched, SpyiXos passionate. Skr. tu, to have worth or might, i.e. development (vi. 53), is immediately connected in meaning with the suffix -/// which forms the verbal noun, that furnished the Skr. infinitive and the Latin supines. It gives to the root a sense of development into fact. 268 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. xu. It occurs with a prefixed in -atus, which forms nouns of office, as tribun-atiis, and with pronominal t subjoined, in -tu't, which forms abstract nouns, as virtus. The w without the t is in ypa(p'eu?, a scribe, and nocuus, hurt- ful ; and t without the u occurs with the same significance that it has in tu, forming verbal adjectives and substantives, not only of completion, as ama'tus, loved, turrl'tus, turreted, XeK'rog, spoken, but also active, as ferttcs, fertile, kwkvtos, a wailing, 7rtoA>;-n/9, a seller, tcyes, a covering. In all these it gives to the root development into fact. T is an active element in prodi'tius, treacherous, and in the Latin frequentative verbs which are formed in -to. A softer element of realisation, d, forms adjectives of state, as cali'dus ; and combined with n, which gives continuance, it becomes -din, and forms nouns of state, as cupvdo, dulce'do. This element subjoined to -tu forms nouns expressive of state of realisation, as cegri'tu'do. In Greek, -dS gives realisation in cfyop'dg, bearing, \oyas, chosen. Sis an element of realisation related to Skr. su, parere (vi. 80), as t is related to tu, and is greatly used in the formations of the Indo-European verb. As a suffix of realisation it is in -crt?, which forms the noun of action, as Troirj'crig, a making, in -sius, as ama'sius, a lover, and in -a- in 7ror/xj/i', and, combined with the t of realisation, to -men't'um in expcrvmentum, &c. -Mwi/ in /u^'f/uLwv, mindful, tjye-ftwv, a leader, ser'mo, a discourse, expresses an abiding reali- sation. -En, -in, also, in pcct'cn, a comb, expresses an abiding- power of realisation, and combined with the t of realisation in ungu'entum, an ointment; and -vo- in opya'vov, an instrument, y\v(j)u'vos, a carving-tool, has similar significance. In arrvy- vo$, hateful, utt'vos, sleep, >)So'vi'i, pleasure, dig'nus, worthy, reg'num, royalty, patr'onus, patron, erro. a vagrant, the suffix gives abiding realisation to the root. k\oiv6/u6s, weeping, fxv/fjm.)], remembrance, Suva'juu?, power, apre-jm^, safe, Jlanvma, flame, involve a similar element. In -/xar- as irpay/xa, deed, e'xfJ-a, what holds, the pro- nominal t is taken to express the act of attention which defines strongly a substantive object. N expresses the abiding quiescence of completion in -ana, of the perfect atmane participle in Sanskrit, and in faci'n'us, fcivus in Latin. N gives continuance to the t of realisation in the present participle, -nt, to the active ti in the Latin suffix, -Hon, as actio, to d and g in didce'do, orvgo, to d in the Latin, -ndtis, and to c in latwcin'ium, patwcin'hcm. -nt combined with -id makes identus, as in opulcntus ; and -nd, combined with the elements of realisation -bic and -cu, forms -bundus, -cundus, as in mira'- bundus, full of admiration, ira'cundus, passionate. And in the same way various suffixes may be combined wit h each other to give strong or combined meanings. III. The suffix -vat, -vant (vi. 34), forms in Sanskrit posses- sive adjectives, as d'anwvat possessed of wealth, corresponding to -evT- in 7reTp7} m eis, stony, ape/moeis, windy, and also it forms the perfect active participle in Sanskrit to which the Greek corresponds. To this also, or to the kindred roots of vi. 36, belongs the Latin suffix -osus, which expresses abounding. 270 GREEK, LATIN, AND GOTHIC ROOTS. [chap. xn. The ampliative suffix -wv, -on, in -^eiX'oDu, labe'O, large-lipped, comes from the same source, which expresses magnitude, as in Skr. tavant, Lat. tantus. IV. The diminutive suffixes involve two essential elements. One is the slender vowel i, which by its contracted volume of breath gives a sense of weakness, which fits it to express the feminine as well as the diminutive. And the other is I or r or sk, expressive of coming into realisation, as if the development were not complete, so that there is a close analogy between some of the diminutive suffixes and some of the suffixes of realisation. These elements are variously combined or used separately to express various thoughts of the diminutive. INDEX. SANSKRIT. a-, v. 25. a-, iv. 1. ax', iv. 7 ; vi. 31. ax'a, ii. 9 ; iv. 7. a X 'u, vi, 82. asa, ii. 7. ak, ii. 9. aksa, ii. 9 ; vi. 124. ak'ila, ii. 2. agni, vi. 124. agra, vii. 3. ag, v. 1. ag'a, xi. 2. ai'ig', v. 1 ; xi. 2. ak', v. 1 ; vi. 108. ak'k'a, vi. 124. ag', v. 1 ; vi. 63. ag'a, v. 1. an'k', v. 1. -an'k', ii. 9. an'g', i. 18; vi. 124. att, xi. 7. anda, vi. 58. ati, vi. 59. atta, vi. 58. at'a, vi. 59. at'o. vi. 59. ad, x. 3. adya, vi. 127. ad'ama, vi. 60. ad'ara, vi. 60. ad'i, vi. 60. ad'una, vi. 57. an, viii. 1. anas, vi. 99. anix'am, ii. 26. anu, ii. 58. anta, vi. 110. antara, i. 5 + vi. 9. and'a, iv. 4 + vi. 127. and'as, vi. 58. anna, vi. 101. any a, i. 5. ap, v. 23. apa, iv. 6. apara, iv. 6. api, vi. 40. ab'i, i. 8. ab'ra, ii. 17 ; vi. 117, am, vii. 45 ; ix. 21. amba, vi. 47. ambu, v. 22. amb', ix. 21. amb'as, v. 22. ay as, vi. 137. ara, ii. 56 ; v. 13. arati, ix. 19. ari, vii. 34. arg', vi. 97 ; vii. 30. arg'a, vi. 97. ark', vi. 97. arg', vi. 94. ard'a, i. 26 + iv. 1. arb'a, vi. 90. arh, vi. 97. -ala, i. 7. alam, vi. 86. alpa, iii. 32. av, xi. 3. ava, ii. 16. a vara, ii. 16. avara, ii. 16 + ii. 13. avi, iii. 27. ax', x. 4. ax'iinya, iii. 21. ax'va, v. 1. ax'ra, v. 25 + v. 6. astan, iv. 7. as, iii. 17 ; vi. 137. asan, v. 25 + v. 27. asi, vii. 14. asu, viii. 5. asrig', v. 25 + v. 6. ast'i, i. 29. asma-, viii. 4 + i. 32. asra, v. 25 + v. 6. asru, ax'ru, v. 25 + v. ah, ix. 10. ahan, vi. 124. aham, viii. 4 + viii. 1. ahi, ii. 9. a, v. 25. atman, viii. 16. adi, vi. 58. ap, vi. 45. ama, vii. 45. ayus, v. 24. ara, vi. 137. ardn, iii. 24. arya, vi. 97. -ala, i. 7. avis, vi. 119. ax'u, v. i. as, iii. 17 ; x. 24. asya, x. 24. 1272 INDEX. i, i. 5 ; v. 24. ing, v. 30. ik", vi. 108. itara, i. 5 + vi. 9. iti, i. 5. id', vi. 133. in, v. 27. ina, v. 27. indu, v. 27 + v. 24. indra, v. 27. ind', vi. 133. ib'a, vi. 96. ib'ya, vi. 96. iyat, i. 5 + vi. 34. iva, i. 9. is, v. 24 ; vi. 108. isu, v. 24. i, vi. 108. Iks, vi. 124. i X ', vi. 108. ih, vi. 108. uks, iii. 28. uksan, iii. 28. uk'lc'a, vi. 34. ut, vi. 34. uta, i. 5. utaho, i. 5. ud, vi. 34. uda, iii. 27. udara, vi. 34. und, iii. 27. upa, vi. 6 '2. upari, vi. 62. upala, vi. 118 + vii. 38. ub' a, i. 8. uru, iv. 14. urvl, iv. 14. urga, ii. 12. uluka, ix. 20. ulka, vi. 117. ulva, ii. 50. us, vi. 116. usa, vi. 116. usasa, vi. 116. uti, xi. 3. ud'as, vi. 34. una, iii. 29. ay, ii. 37. uru, iv. 14. Rrg', vi. 25. iirna, iii. 2. us, iii. 27. eka, iv. 5. eg', v. 30 ; vi. 124. ed'. vi. 59. ena, i. 5. eva, i. 5. evam, i. 5. og', vi. 51. ri, v. 13. riks, vii. 30. riksa, vii. 30. rig', vi. 94 ; vi. 109. rin, v. 15. rid', vi. 83. ris, v. 13. risab'a, iii. 2 + vi. 96. ri, v. 13. -ka, i. 21. kak, v. 1. kakud, vi. 70, kaksa, ii. 9. karik, v. 1. kaiikani, ix. 8. kata, ii. 6. kat'ina, i. 22. kana, iii. 21. kant', viii. 4. katt', ix. 11. kat', ix. 11. kad, viii. 4. kan, vi. 108 ; vi. 134. kanaka, vi. 134. kanl, vi. 66. kanda, vi. 66. kandala, vi. 66. kanya, vi. 66. kapala, ii. 8. kapi, v. 1 ; viii. 13. kapola, ii. 8 + ii. 10. kapoli, ii. 8 + ii. 10. kap'a, iii. 22. kam, vi. 108. kamp, v. 1. kara, ii. 4. karala, iv. 9. karkata, ii. 4 + ii. 6. kardama, i. 23. karpara, ii. 4 + ii. 17. karpiira, viii. 19. kal, iv. 10 ; v. 4 ; vi. 5. kala, ix. 7. kalana, i. 23. kalab'a, vi. 3 + vi. 96. kalarava, ix. 7. kala, iv. 10. kalevara, iii. 6 + iii. 2. kalp, i. 13. kalpa, i. 13. kalya, vi. 129. kav, vi. 130. kavi, vi. 130. kas, vii. 9. ka, i. 5. kastlra, vi. 124 + vi. 128. kasturi, vi. 67 + vi. 9. kanks, vi. 108. kara, ii. 4. kala, i. 23 ; vi. 8. kalaka, i. 23. ka%', kas, vi. 124. ki, vi. 133. kit, iii. 9. kiyat, i. 5 + vi. 35. kim, i. 5. kil, v. 4 ; vi. 129 ; vii. 2. kila, vi. 5. kix'ala, vi. 67. ki^'ora, vi. 67. kit, ii. 6. kil, ii. 1. ku, ix. 10. kuk, ii. 5. kukkuta, ix. 10. kukkura, ix. 10. kuksi, ii. 5. kuk', ii. 5 ; ix. 10. kug', ii. 5. kun'k', ii. 5. kun'k'a, ii. 5. kut, ii. 6. kuti, ii. 6. kutt, iv. 8. kuni, ii. 6. kunt', iii. 9. kunt', vii. 11. kup, v. 1 ; ix. 12. kubg'a, vi. 77. kumara, iii. 9 + vi. 28. kurd, v. 5. kul, ii. 2. kulya, v. 4. kux', ii. 5. INDEX. 273 kux'a, vi. 67. kns, ii. 5. kuh, ii 5. kii, ix. 10. kun, ii. 6. kiird, v. 5. kill, ii. 2. kri, vi. 6 ; vii. 1. krit, iv. 9. -krit, iv. 9. -kritvas, iv. 9 + i. 9. kritsna, iv. 9 + i. 32. krix', iii. 7. kris, vii. 1. kri, v. 5 ; vii. 1. keta, iii. 9 ; vi. 133. kep, v. 1. kev, vi. 107. kevala, iv. 7 + ii. 11. kex'a, vi. 67. kex'ara, vi. 67. kOx'a, ii. 5. knuy, viii. 11. kmar, ii. 7. krad, ix. 6. krand, ix. 6. kravis, v. 6. kravya, v. 6. kri, ii. 4. krun'k', ii. 3. krux', ix. 6. kriira, v. 6. krostar, ix. 6. klat, vii. 2. klad, ix. 6. kland, ix. 6. klain, iii. 6. klid, iii. 6. kva, i. 5 + i. 9. kvat', vi. 114. kvan, kun, ix. S. k-an, vii. 9. ksap, v. 1. ksapas, ii. 29. ksam, vi. 111. ksama, vi. 111. ksai, iii. 9. ksi, iii. 9 ; vi. 6. ; vii. 9. ksip, v. 1 ; viii. 7. ksipra, v. 1. ksiv, iii. 9. ksiv, viii. 7. ksu, viii. 9. ksud, vii. !'. ksudra, iii. '.• ksud', vi. 10S. ksnb', v. 2. ksctra, iii. 9. ksnu, vii. 9. ksmil, ii. 9. ksvel, v. 2. k'akk', ix. 10. k'ad, x. 4. k'an, vii. 5. k'ara, iii. 7 ; vi. 129. k'ard, x. 4. k'arb, v. f>. k'alu, vi. 5. k'ad, x. 4. k'ila, iv. 10. k'und, v. 1. k'elj v. 4. kut, v. 1. k'od, v. 1. k'or, v. 1. k'ol, v. 1. k'ya, vi. 124. gagg', ix. 10. ganga, v. 1. ganda, ii. 6. gad, ix. 11. gam, v. 1. gamb, k'amb, v. 1. gar, vi. 6 ; x. 13. garb'a, vi. 3. garv, vi. 1. gal, v. 4; x. 13. gala, x. 13. galb', vi. f). galla, ii. 1. gaves, vi. 107. gad, ix. 11. ga, v. 1. giri, vi. 1. gu, viii. 11 ; ix. 10. gud, gund, ii. 6. gunt', gud', ii. 6. guda, ii. 6. gur, vi. 4. guru, vi. i, gurd, v. 5. guh, ii. 5. gfid', vi. 7. gfl, ix. 6 ; x. 13. go, vi. 67; vi. 130; ix. 10. gaura, vi. 129. grat', ii. 3. grant', ii. 3. gras, glas, x. 13. grah, ii. 4. grama, ii. 4. gravan, vii. 1. grisma, vi. 129. glai, iii. 6. glau, vi. 129. gagg, ix. 10. gat, i. 22. g'ata, i. 22. g'amb, v. 1. g'ar, g'ri, vi. 129. g'arma, vi. 129. g'as, x. 4. g'asa, x. 4. g'ur, ix. 6. g'us, ix. 11. g'ra, viii. 19. k'a, i. 5. k'akas, vi. 124. k'aks, vi. 124. k'aksus, vi. 124. k'an'ic', v. 1. k'ataka, ix. 11. k'and, viii. 4. k'andala, iii. 9. k'atur, i. 4. k'and, vi. 134. k'anda, vi. 134; k'ap, v. 1. k'amb, v. 1. k'ar, v. 5. k'araina, ii. 3. k'arman, ii. 4. k'arv, x. 4. k'al, v. 4 ; vi. 6. k'as, vii. 9 ; x. 4. k'ataka, ix. 11. k'ara, ii. 4. k'i, i. 31 ; vi. 133. k'it, vi. 133. k'itra, vi. 133. k'int, vi. 133. k'ira, vi. 8. k'il, ii. 2. S 274 INDEX. k'Irna, iv. 9. k'ut, k'unt, iii. 9. k'un, iv. 7. k'ut, k'yut, v. 1 . k'up, v. 1. k'ur, ii. 4. k'ur, vi. 129. k'yu, v. 1. k'yus, v. 1. k"ad, ii. 6. k'ard, viii. 7. k'alli, ii. 2. k'as, vii. 9. k"id, iv. 8. g'as, ii. 6. g'ang'a, ii. 6 + ii. 9. g'at, ii. 6. g'at'ara, ii. 6. g'ada, vii. 2. g'an, vi. 66. g'ab', x. 23. g'am, x. 2. g'ampati, i. 7 + vi. 41. g'amb'a, x. 2. g'arat'a, iii. 7 ; vi. 4. g'arat, iii. 7. g'aras, g'ara, iii. 7. g'araya, ii. 4. g'al, ii. 2. g'ala, v. 4 ; vii. 2. g'as, vii. 9. g'agri, vi. 6. g'atu, vi. 57. g'ani, vi. 66. g'anu, ii. 6. g'ami, i. 7. g'amatri, i. 7 + vi. 9. g'ala, ii. 2. g'i, vi. 6. g'inv, v. 1. g'iri, vii. 1. g'ihva, x. 17. g'iv, vi. 102. g'u, v. 1. g'ut, vi. 130. g'yut, vi, 130. g'us, ii. 5. g'ur, iii. 7. g'urv, iii. 7. g'us, vii. 9. g'ri, iii. 7. g'ai, iii. 8. g'na, viii. 4. g'.Vii, "J- 8. g'yu, v. 1. g'ramb', x. 23. g'ri, vi. 6. g'var, iii. 7. g'val, vi. 129. g"as, ii. 9 ; vii. 9. g"ji, iii- 7. ell, v. 26. ta, i. 3. taku, v. 24. takman, vi. 53. taks, vi. 53. tad, vi. 74. tatia, i. 3 + i. 1. tada, i. 3 + vi. 57. tadanim, i. 3 + vi. 57. tan, vi. 57 ; ix. 17. tanu, vi. 57. tantu, vi. 57. tandra, iii. 11. tap, vi. 138 ; vii. 42. tam, iii. 15. tamas, ii. 24. tay, i. 21. taru, vi. 9. taruna, vi. 9. tark,' vi. 126. tal, ii. 19. tala, i. 12. -tas, i. 1. tata, vi. 58. tamara, v. 33. tay, i. 21. tara, vi. 128. tavat, i. 3 + vi. 34. -ti, vi. 13. tik, vii. 24. tig, vii. 21. tig', vii. 24. tittiri, ix. 4. tiv, vi. 53. tivra, vii. 43. tu, i. 5. tu, vi. 53. tunga, vi. 53. tun, ii. 24. tund, ii. 21. tud. vi. 74. tup, vi. 74. tumula, v. 33. tur, tvar, v. 11 ; v. 24. turv, vi. 11. till, vi. 12. tus. iii. 11. tusnika, iii. 11. trill, vi. 9. triks, ii. 20. tiid, tard, vii. 39. trip, iii. 13. trimp, iii 13. trimp', iii. 13. tris, tars, vii. 13. trl, vi. 9. teg'as, vi. 126. tuka, vi. 53. torana, ii. 20. -tya, i. 1 . -tra, i. 1. tras, vi. 126. tras, v. 11. tra, trai, ii. 21. trix'at, i. 3 + iv. 7. tri, i. 3. trap, vii. 39. tva, i. 5. tvaks, ii. 24. tvak', ii. 24. tvam, i. 4 4- viii. 1. tvis, vi. 127. dax', vi. 12t3 ; x. 3. dan, vi. 126. daks, vi. 53. daksa, vi. 53. daksina, vi. 53. data, danta, x. 3. danv, v. 26. dam, vi. 76. dania, i. 34 ; vi. 76. day, i. 21 ; iv. 1. dax'an, iv. 7. dah, vi. 126. da, iv. 1. daman, vi. 54. day, iv. 1. daru, vi. 11. daruna, vi. 11. dax', iv- 1. das, iv. 1. dasa, i. 21. INDEX. 275 dina, vi. 12". div, v. 24 ; vi. 12" ; vii. 43. divasa, vi. 127. di x ', iv. 1 ; vi. 12G. dih, i. 21. di, iii. 11. dina, iii. 11. dirg'a, vi. 13. du, v. 24 ; vii. 43. dugg'a, x. 8. dus, vii. 43. das-, dur-, vii. 43. x'a, i. 17. vesa, ii. 36. vest, ii. 36. vai, i. 5 ; vii. 8. vyad', vii. 25. vyala, v. 23. vye, ii. 36. vrag', v. 9. vran, bran, vii. 27. vrata, vi. 26. vrax'k', iv. 6. vri, vi. 26. vrid, vii. 29. vris, vii. 27. vrihi, vi. 23. vii, vi. 26. vleks, vi. 117. x'ils, ix. 11. x'ak, vi. 63. x'aka, viii. 11. x'akrit, viii. 11 + viii. 7. x'ank, viii. 4. x'ank'a, ii. 6. X'ak', ix. 10. x'at, iii. 9. X'at', iii. 9. x'ana, ii. 6. X'and, i. 31 ; iii. 9. x'ata, iv. 7. x'atru, vii. 11. x'ad, iii. 9. x'ana, vi. 65. x'anais, vi. 65. X'ap'a, ii. 8. X'am, iii. 21 ; vi. 132. x'ara, v. 6. x'arab'a, ii. 4. x'aru, v. 6. x'arkara, vii. 1. x'arb, vii. 1. X'arv, vii. 1. x'arvarl, ii. 4. X'alab'a, ii. 2. X'ax', v. 1. X'ax'a, v. 1. x'ax' vat, vi. 65 + iv. 6. x'aspa, vi. 67. -X'as, iv. 7. x'asya, vi. 67. x'ak, ii. 9. x'aka, ii. 9. ix. 10. viii. 13. x'ada, vi. 70. x'Sn, vii. 5. X'ala, ii. 2. X'i, vii. 3. X'ii''g. X'ig. X' n . «"• 13. X'iti, ii. 29. x'ira, x'i ras i vi. 1. x'il, vii. 4. x'ila, vii. 4. x'ila, vii. 2. x'iva, vi. 107. X'ix'ira, vii. 12. X'is, iv. 8. X'I, iii. 8. Xita, vii. 12. Xina, vii. 12. X'uk', vi. 124 ; X'ut', iii. 9 ; v. 1. x'unt', v. 1 ; vii. 9. X'nd', vi. 134. X'nnd', vi. 134. X'ub', vi. 130. X'umb', vi. 130. x'us, vii. 9. X'usma, vi. 130 x'ukara, ix. 10. x'unya, iii. 21. x'ur, vi. 4. x'ura, vi. 4. X'us, vi. 67. x'ringa, vi. 4. X'rl, iv. 9. X'o, vii. 3. X'k'and, vi. 134. x'nat', vii. 11. x'yama, ii. 29. x'yala, i. 31 + i. 7. Xyava, ii. 29. x'ya, vii. 12. x'rat, vi. 4. x'ram, iii. 7. x'ramb', vi. 4. X'ra, vi. 12P. X'ris, vi. 129. X'ri, vi. 6; vi. 129. x'ru, v. 6 ; ix. 27. x'rcyas, vi. 6. X'ron, vi. 1. x'roni, vi. 1. X'lak', ii. 2. 280 INDEX. X'lis, ii. 2. x'van, ix. 8. x'vab'ra, ii. 5. x'vax'ura, i. 31 + vi. 4. X'vas, vi. 130 ; viii. 13. x'vi, vi. 67. X'vit, vi. 130. x'vcta, vi. 130. sas, iv. 7. sa, i. 3. sakala, i. 32 + ii. 2. sakrit, iv. 7 + iv. 9. sak'a, sak'i, i. 30. sag, ii. 29. *ak', i. 30. sag'g', i. 18. satt, vi. 105. sat, vi. 105. satra, i. 32 + i. 1. satya, vi. 105. sad, iii. 17 ; vi. 71. sada, vi. 64 + vi. 57. sadyas, i. 32 + i. 1. sana, vi. 64. sanatana, vi. 64 + vi. 57. sap, i. 30. saptan, iv. 7. sam, i. 32. sama, i. 32. samagra, i. 32 + ii. 4. samam, i. 32. samprati, i. 32 + vi. 20. saras, v. 6. sarit, v. 6. sarva, iv. 7 + iv. 6. salila, v. 7. savana, v. 3. savya, v. 3. sasya, vi. 80. sah, vi. 63. saha, i. 30. sahasil, i. 30. sahasra, i. 30. sfikani, i. 30. sam, iii. 14. sami, i. 32. saya, iii. 10. si, ii. 22. sikatii, vii. 8. sik', vii. 48. sindura, vi. 132 )- vi. 117. sind'u, v. 27 + v. 24. sib', vi. 130 ; vii. 18. sima, i. 32. sitiob', vi. 130 ; vii. 18. siv, ii. 22. slta, vi. 64. slman, vi. 64. slra, vi. 64. su, v. 3 ; vi. 80. su-, vi. 104. sub', vi. 130; vii. 18. sumb', vi. 130; vii. 18. sur, vi. 131. su, v. 3 ; vi. 80. sukara, ix. 24. suksma, vii. 8. suk'l, vii. 7. surya, vi. 131. sus, vi. 80. sri, v. 6. srig', v. 6. grip, v. 6. sri, vii. 13. sena, vi. 64. sev, vi. 107. sai, iii. 10. so, iii. 10. s5ma, v. 3. skand, v. 2. sku, ii. 29. sk'al, v. 2. stak, vi. 72. stan, ix. 17. stana, vi. 9. stab", vi. 71. stamb', vi. 71. stig', vi. 71. stu, ix. 17. stub', iii. 15 ; ix. 17. stumb", vi. 71. stri, vi. 128. stri, vii. 47. sten, iv. 19. stoka, iv. 19. stoma, ii. 22. styai, vi. 71. stri, vi. 9. stag, ii. 29.! st'avira, i. 29. st'a, i. 29. st'urin, i. 29. st'una, vi. 71. st'ura, i. 29. sna, v. 27. snayu, yi. 64. snu, v. 27. snusa, i. 10. sparx', i. 15. spax', vi. 120. spri, vi. 22. sprih, vi. 22. sp'at, iv. 12. sp'ant, iv. 12. spar, v. 3. sp'al, v. 3. sp'ay, vi. 68. sp'ik', vi. 68. spit, ii. 25 ; iv. 12. sp'ita, vi. 68. sp'ut, iv. 12. sp'utt, iv. 12. sp'unt, iv. 12. sp'und, iv. 12. spur, v. 3. sp'urg', ix. 25. -sma, i. 32. smaya, iv. 12. smi, iv. 12. sniri, smar, viii. 3. syala, i. 31 + i. 7. siiv, v. 6 ; vii. 1 3. sru, v. 6. sva, viii. 5. svag, v. 3. svang, v. 3. svak'k''a, vi. 131. svag'ana, i. 31+vi. 66. svad, x. 19. svan, ix. 24. svap, iii. 14. svar, vi. 131 ; ix. 24. svaru, vi. 131. svasri, vi. 80. svasti, vi. 104. svada, x. 19. svaduj x. 19. svid, iii. 14. svit, i. 5. svri, vii. 18 ; ix. 24. svri, vii. 18. hasa, ix. 8. hat'a, vii. 11. INDEX. 281 had, viii. 7. han, vii. 5. hanu, vii. 5. liamsa, ii. 7. hay, iii. 8. haras, vi. 129. hari, harita, vi. 129. harina, vi. 129. hary, vi. 7. has, ix. 1 1 . ha, iv. 1 1. hi, v. 1. hima, vii. 12. hid, vii. 11. lm, v. 1. hund, i. 31. hri, ii. 4 ; vii. 1. hrid, vi. 6. hris, vii. 1. hetu, v. 1. hes, ix. 6. hnu, ii. 26. hyas, iii. 9. hrad, ix. 6. hrap, ix. 6. hras, ix. 6. hrasva, iii. 7. hii, vi. 129. hiiku, vi. 129. hres, ix. 6. hlas, ix. 7. blad, vi. 6. hliku, vi. 129. hval, v. 1. hvri, ii. 5. live, ix. 10. d-, i. 32 ; iv. 4 ; v. 25. d-, i. 32. dd/tues, vi. 82 + ii. 38. ddvda, ix. 27 + ii. 58. da, vi. 116. daw, v. 23. aj3aKTjS, iv. 4 + ix. 2. d/3aXata, vi. 26. d/3a£, i. 12. d/3AXw, ii. 15. d/^Xrepos, iii. 1 . d|36r, vii. 28. d/3o\ew, i. 32 + vi. 19. d/3oXos, ii. 15 ; v. 10. dfipapis, v. 9 + v. 22. dtfpo's, iii. 2. d/Spordfw, v. 9. dfipbrovov, iii. 2 + vi. 57. &pv9os, iv. 4 + vi. 40. djivpraKr], x. 1. tijivtraos, iv. 4 + vi. 40. d/3ai, vi. 116. dyadls, ii. 6. tiyadbs, vi. 107. dya.lop.aL, xi. 2. a7aXX/s, vi. 2. d-yaXXoxof, vi. 2 + vii. 31. a7aXXw, vi. 129. tiyap.ai, xi. 2. GEEEK. d7ae, vi. 50. dyav6s, iii. 21. d7afaKre'w, vi. 50 + xi. 2. d7ao/txai, xi. 2. a7a7rdw, vi. 50 + ii. 35. dyapinbv, vi. 1. dyappis, ii. 4. d-j acrvWLs, i. 18. 07a vos, xi. 3. dyavpos, xi. 3. a77eXos, v. ] . C1770S, ii. 9. tiyyovpiov, vi. 1. tiyyovpos, vii. 1. dyupw, ii. 4. dyeX-q, i. 32 + ii. 2. dyeptoxos, vi. 1. ay-r], vi. 108. dyrjvwp, vi. 50 + viii. 3. #7105, vi. 108. dyKiarpov, ii. 9. dytcovos, vi. 98. dyKopes, iv. 4 + iii. 7. dyxos, ii. 9. dyKT-rjp, vi. 98. d7*(;Xo?, ii. 9. tiyKvpa, ii. 9. dyKwv, ii. 9. a7Xaos, vi. 129. a7Xis, vi. 2. cfyi'os, ii. 6. a7c6y, vi. 108. tiyvvpi, iv. 6. dyvvs, vi. 63 + ii. 58, dyop, v. 23 + v. 13. a70pd, ii. 4. 0.70s, vi. 108. #705, vi. 108. dyo, iii. 11. dbrjv, vi. 58. adrjs, iv. 4 + vi. 119. i'>pw, v. 25 + v. 24. al, xi 1 . at, xi. 1. ala, vi. 67. aid'gw, xi. ]. alarms, xi. 1; v. 24 + vi. 37. aryaee'a, vii. 5. aiyetpo?, v. 30. alyes, v. 1. aiyiaXos, v. i. aiyidaXXos, v. 1 4- v. 7. aiyivdos, v. 1 + v. 29. cu'71'y, v. 1 ; vi. 50. aiyiXuif/, vi. 50 + vi. 96. atyX V , vi. 129. aiyviribs, v. 1 4- ii. 7. aiydiXios, v. 1 + ii. 11. didrjXos, iv. 4 + vi. 119. dtdrjs, iv. 4 + vi. 119. ai'Sws, vii. 29. aliXioi, i. 31 +i. 7. aUv, atfs, aid, v. 24. alerds, v. 25 + v. 23 + v. 24. aifyos, aiffios, vi. 102. ai'TjTos, xi. 1. aid-qp, vi. 133. cu'0oi«ra, vi. 133. aWpa, vi. 133. aWvia, v. 25 + v. 24. aidvo-ju), v. 25 + v. 24. aWw, vi. 133. cuVdXXw, v. 4. due (7, v. 30. al/cXot, vii. 4. di'/cXop, iii. 27 + iii. 6. a'iXovpos, v. 12 + ii. 16. alfxa, v. 25 + v. 6. aiyudXwi/', vi. 96. ai/uLaaia, ii. 37. ai/xos, ii. 37. aip.offdT7]s, v. 25 + v. 6 + i. 29. aijiu'Xoj, ii. 37. a'ifxwv, ii. 37. cuVe'w, ix. 10. aivlocrop.a.1, ix. 1(1. aZVos, ix. 10. aiVdy, xi. 1. aXvvp.ai, ii. 33. atW, viii. 12. ai£, v. 1. aWXoj, v. 23 + v. 1 2. alovdu, v. 25 + v. 18. aiirdXos, v. 1 + ii. 14. aiirvs, vi. 40. afpa, vii. 34. aiptui, ii. 13. ai'pw, vi. 84. alaa, ix. 10. aicrdXwv, v. 25 + v. 7- aiaddvop-ai, ix. 27. dttrdw, viii. 12 + viii. 17. d'tcrau, v. 30. aiv, vi. 63. INDEX. 283 &KUOW, vi. 124. &Kvr], ix. 27. aKpipfjs, vii. 3. aKpis, ix. 6. aKpoaofiai, ix. 27. &Kp6(3vcrTos, vii. 3 + ii. 36. aKpos, vii. 3. d/crcuVw, v. 2. &KTea, ii. 6. oktt;, iv. 6 ; vi. 50. dart's, vi. 124. (Lkv\os, vii. 2. d/c^aXi/Sap, ii. 9 + vi. 17. d/cx *) ii. 9. d/cwe, vi. 52. aXafiatTTOs, vi. 136. dXd/3??, i. 24. d\7/37?j, ii. 50. dXafw!', ix. 20. dXaXrj, ix. 20. a\a\KTTjpLov, vi. 109. dXaoy, iv. 4 + vi. 136. d\a7rdfuj, iii. 32. dXacrr^w, vii. 33. dXdffrwp, vii. 33. dXyos, vii. 31. dXdaivw, vi. 87. dX, vii. 34. dXeaip^, v. 12 + ii. 13. dXrj, i. 25 ; v. 12. dXrjOrjs, iv. 4 + ii. 55. dX-qp-tvai, ii. 11. dXtfcua, iii. 33. dX0w, vi. 87. dXia, ii. 11. dXt/3as, vi. 96. dXtV 10 *, >• 32 + vi. 123. d\u>5/3i£, ii. 44. dfxpXiaKu, iii. 3. dp.f3X6ofj.ai, iii. 3. dfj.(3Xus, iii. 3. dfj,f3Xvw, vi. 78. dfj.d(3u}, v. 22. dfieivuv, vi. 35. d/iei'pw, iv. 16. dpieXyw, vii. 45. dp.evqvos, iv. 4 + viii. 1 . dp.epyw, vii. 45. d/xepdio, iv. 16. dp.evop.ai, v. 22. d,u??, v. 22 ; vii. 45. d,u??j, x. 5. d/xta, v. 22. ti/xida, x. 5. dp.Ldt.o5, x. 5. d/xiXXa, i. 32 + vii. 45. dp.is, v. 22. dp.p.05, vii. 45. dp.vap.os, ii. 39. dp.j>6s, iii. 5. dp.vlov, v. 22. dp.60ev, i. 5. &p.oXyos, ii. 41. dp.6pa, x. 6. dpopjibs, ii. 43. dp.6pyq, vii. 45. dp.opyos, vii. 45. dp-orov, viii. 2. &p.TreXo$, ii. 44. dp.ir^x ,jJ , ii- 44 + vi. 63. dp.TrXaKii\vicr], ii. 44 + vi. 123. dp(pou5is, i. 8 + vi. 71. dfj.(p(j}, i. 8. du.ufj.ov, x. 5. dp-, iv. 4. &?, i. 5. dra-, iv. 4. d^d, vi. 110. avaj3p6xw, vi. 110 + x. 10. dca-yaXXis, vi. 2. di'd-y/oj, vi. 98. dvdyvpis, viii. 18 + viii. 19. dvdtSvos, iv. 4 + ii. 33. dvaeXtrros, iv. 4+vi. 26. dva.ivop.ai, iv. 4. dvanropiov, vii. 20. d^aKcDs, vi. 52. dvaXros, iv. 4 + vi. 86. dfdpr^s, vi. 110. aval;, vi. 52. dpd7Ti'ei', vi. 110 + vi. 12. dirXos, vi. 110 + vi. 12. dvrouai, vi. 110. dvrpov, ii. 6 + ii. 21. &vtvI-, ii. 6 + ii. 24. dvvw, vi. 110. d^w, vi. 110. dvwya, vi. 98. d^wi'crros, iv. 4 + vi. 52. a£lvq, vii. 9. d£ios, vi. 108. d&v, ii. 9. dofos, vi. 103. doWrjS, i. 32 + ii. 11. dop, vii. 27. doprr], viii. 12. doprrip, vi. 84. doprpa, viii. 12. doacfTjTrip, vi. 103. d7ra\6s, iii. 1. a7ra£, iv. 7 + ii. 33. dirapivrj, vii. 27. dTracpLcTKw, iv. 6 + v. 23. a7raj, i. 32 + ii. 33. dirdTT), iv. 6 + v. 23. direCK-f], iv. 6 + ix. 20. aireWai, ii. 15. dWXXw, iv. 6 + ii. 11. d7re\os, iv. 4 + ii. 15. d-Ki)vr\, ii. 30. diTT/y^s, iv. 6 + ii. 32. 6.TVLOV, x. 21. &TTIOS, 77, x. 21. d7r\aKeu' v. 10. d7r\ero9, vi. 15. dw\6os, iv. 7 + ii. 14. d7ro, iv. 6. awoepcre, iv. 6 + iii. 2. diroiva, vii. 41. dwoKpivopai, iv. 6+iv. 9. d7roXaLW, iv. 6 + vi. 96. S7ros, iii. 22. dirocnra.papddt, i. 26. dpiaxVj i''- -• dpeT77, vi. 83. dprjyu, vi. 109. dpripevos, iii. 34. dpflpoi', i. 26. dpi, vi. 83. INDEX. 285 dpla, ii. 56. dpidp.6s, i. 27. apis, vii. 32. api§r)s, vi. 83 + ii. 29. dpitjTfpds, iii. 34. a*piv, i. 27. dpTrjpia, viii. 12. dpri, i. 26. dprifw, i. 27. dprios, i. 27. dpros, vii. 30. dprvw, i. 27. dpvfiaXXos, vi. 85 + vi. 15. apvu, vi. 85. dpx6j, ii. 16 + i. 1. apxu, vi. 89. dpw, i. 26. &poj/j.a, viii. 19. ds, vi. 36. dadpivdos, vii. 18. dafioXos, vii. 15. d7?7, vi. 120. at)5?7, ix. 2. atieXXa, viii. 12 + ii. 10. avdivT-qs, viii. 5 + i. 3 + ii. 6. avOis, ii. 16. cu'Xa£, vii. 27. cu'Xaxa, vii. 27. at''X??, ii. 11. ailXijpa, ii. 10. cu-Xi?, ii. 11. 286 INDEX. avXos, ii. 10. avXwv, ii. 10. avXunris, ii. 10 + vi. 118. avXuiros, ii. 10 + vi. 118. aul-ls, vi. 50. atf£w, vi. 50. ados, vii. 8. aPpa, viii. 12. (dir)avpdw, ii. 13. adpi, v. 9. avpiov, vi. 116. avpoffxds, iii. 2. aSs, ix. 27. cuVtos, v. 17. avffTTjpos, vii. 8. avrdp, iv. 18. ai're, ii. 16. avTLKa, viii. 5 + i. 3 + vi. 8. af'Tis, ii. 16. avTfxr), viii. 12 + viii. 16. avTop-aros, viii. 5 + i. 3 + viii. 2. at>Tos, viii. 5+i. 3. avToxocovos, viii. 5 + i. 3 + v. 1. avxv, xi. 3. avxyv, i'. 34. cu'xm^S) v ii- 8. duto, ix. 2. ovw, ai!w, vi. lit). aiico, ix. 2. auws, vi. 116. dqiaKij, ii. 35. drpap, v. 9. d(pdpKTj, vii. 28. d0aupos, iii. 2. dtptX-qs, vii. 28. dcpevos, vi. 42. d0?7, i. 8. d00a, i. 8. drpXaarof, ii. 15. dvo-yeTOs, v. 20. drfwffcrti), v. 20. d0uco, vi. 115. dxat»"7, v. 1. dxdv77, ii. 6. dxapi'ws, ii. 4. dxdnjs, vi. 133. dxepoo?, vii. 3. dxv", iv. 11. &X^°) J - aL ! vi. 63. dx^os, vi. 63. dx'XXeros, vii. 4. dxMs, i. 23. ax*'??, iii- 21. dxos, xi. 2. dxpds, vii. 3. fix/", vi. 8. dxi'pof, ii. 4. dx^ip, ii. 4. a>, ii. 16. dxpivdos, vii. 41. di/-ij, ii. 16. d\pop"pos, ii. 16. ai/'os, i. 8. dw, iii. 11 ; viii. 12. dwv, v. 25 + v. 18. dwpos, iii. 2. dwpro, vi. 84. dtis, vi. 116. dwre'w, iii. 27. dWos, iii. 27. /3a/3cu, xi. 6. /3a/3dfu>, vi. 40. /3d/3a/cos, ix. 1. ftafipd'iw, ix. 15. /3d/3pi/ces, ii. 16. /3a/3i'/ids, ix. 1. (3dSas, iii. 26. /3a5ifw, vi. 40. j3dSop.aL, iii. 26. fSddos, vi. 40. f3a5us, x. 19. /?dfa>, ix. 2. fiddpov, vi. 40. /3a0i'/s, vi. 40. /3aivw, vi. 40. /3a«k, iii. 29. (3aira, ii. 33. ftaLrvXos, vi. 113. jiaiTv^, x. 9. (3aKeXos, iii. 28. (3dKTpov, vi. 40. (SaXaveiov, vii. 28. [3dXai>os, vi. 15. fjaXdvrwv, ii. 15. jiaXavcTLOv, ii. 1 5. /3aX/3is, ii. 15. £dXe, vi. 20. fiaX-qv, vi. 21. paXios, i. 15 ; v. 10. paXXlfa, v. 10. (3aXXipos, v. 10. /3dXXis, viii. 10. jMXXoj, ii. 15 ; vi. 19. fiaXXwrr), viii. 10 + vi. S7. j3dXaap.ov, ix. 23. fidXr-q, iii. 1. j3ap.j3a.iuw, ix. 23. {3dp.fiaK.os, i. 15. /Sai'd, vi. 66. (3dvavaos, vii. 26. (3dTTTU}, vi. 40. /3dpaYX 0S > i x - 1*>. fidpadpov, x. 10. /3dpa£, x. 2. (3dp(3apos, ix. 13. j3ap(3dpa, i. 15. fidpfiiXos, x. 2. /3dp/3troj, ix. 15 + ix. 1. [3dpr]Kes, ii. 16. pdpixoi, iii. 2. j3apvs, vi. 17. j3do-avos, vii. 41. fiacriXevs, vi. 40 + vi. 87. j3dais, vi. 40. fiao-Kalvo), ix. 2. f3aaK.ds, ix. 1. fidcrcrapa, v. 20 + v. 6. (3ao-rdfa, vi. 40. fSdraXos, iii. 26. pareoj, vi. 40. {3aTiaKT), ii. 33. /Jan's, vii. 41. f3dros, 6, vii. 41. (3dros, i), vii. 41. fidrpaxos, ix. 15. f3arTapi£a), ix. 1. (3aTToXoyew, ix. 1. /3ai»/3dw, iii. 27. ftavfa, ix. 1. (3avKaXdw, iii. 27 + iii. 6. f3aviK6s, iii. 28. /3awos, vi. 1'20. (3odXXu), x. 9. /35AXa, x. 9. INDEX. 287 /ioeXi'TTw, viii. 9. P54w, viii. 9. pooXos, viii. 9. pSuXXu, v. 19 ; viii. !'. (dXt)p8vw, vi. 40. /3a$, ii. 13+ii. 9. peipjv, iii. 2. ptK&s, iv. 5. pe\eica, ii. 15. jSeXXw, vi. 23. peXovrj, vii. 27. jSe'Xoy, vi. 19. Pe\Tiwi>, vi. 26. /3;Xd, vi. 18. pripvWos, v. 9 + vii. 38. prjtrcra, vi. 40. pr)cr8ris, i. 15. pXixw5r]s, i. 15. /3\ocrii/}6y, vii. 28. pXuu, vi. 15. p\w8pos, vi. 15. pXw/j.6s, x. 2. pXwaKw, vi. 19. /3Ja£, ix. 1. #077, vi. 39 ; ix. 1. /3o?70jy, vi. 39. /3,i0poy, vi. 40. /3oj, xi. 6. /36X/3a, ii. 15. poXpiris, viii. 10. |3oX/3(fc, vi. 15. PoXioif, viii. 10. /3o\tf7?, v. 10. PoXivdos, v. 10. P&Xitos, vi i. 10. ■poXos, vii. 27. Pop.pdt, ix. 23. /3o>/3oy, ix. 23. pd/ipvXos, ix. 23. |86u£i/£, ii. 44 ; ix. 23. povaaos, ix. 1 + v. 29. povdvXtvui, vi. 34. /3opd, x. 2. pSpaoaos, ii. 1 7. P' paroi', ii. 1 7. pbppop y, i. 15. poppopufa, ix. 13. popeas, vi. 23. popp.a£, vii. 27 + vii. 46. /3op(?oy, vi. 24. popa6s, vi. 24. Pocrnds, ix. 1. poaKw, vi. 39. poo-nopos, v. 20 + vi. 20. pocrrpvxos, ii. 32. pbrpvs, ii. 32. /3ou-, vi. 48. /3oua, vi. 31. povpdXiov, vi. 48 + vi. 1 5 povpaXis, vi. 48 + v. 10. PovpaXos, vi. 48 + v. 10. Povpwv, vi. 48. PovkoXos, ix. 1 + v. 4. pOUKOS, ix. 1. povXoftai, vi. "?6. /Soueidy, vi. 48. povviov, vi. 48. /3owoy, vi. 48. /3o0y, ix. 1. PovraXis, ix. 1 . povris, ii. 33. pOVTOfXOS, v. 17. ppapevs, vi. 117. ppdpi'Xos, x. 2. Ppdyx°s> i x - 15. ppayxbs, ix. 15. ppadvs, iii. 2 + iii. 11. ppdfa, vi. 14; ix. 15. ppadv, vi. 17. ppdKai, ii. 17. ppdxaXov, vi. 14. PpaKava, vi. 1 4. PpiKos, vii. 28. ppd^is, ix. 13. ppdffcru, vi. 14. ppax'iuv, ii. 16. /3pax^y, iii. 2. ppdxu, ix. 15. 288 INDEX. fipeypa, iii. 2. fipipu, ix. 15. (Spfrdos, vi. 17. fiplras, ii. 17- /3pe'0os, vi. 16. (ipex/J-bs, iii. 2. ]3pfxw, iii". 2. /9/h, vi. 21. (ipidu), vi. 21. ppiyKos, ii. 16. /3pifa, vi. 23. fipifa. vi. 17. fipidw, vi. 17. (BpLxeXos, vii. 29. (ipip.7), ix. 15. /3/H/n?, vi. 21. (Spiffxos, ii- 16. (ipiros, vi. 27. /3/kti>, x. 20. fipoayxos, ix. 1 5. fipbyxos, ix. 15. (Ipbp-os, ix. 15 ; x. 2. fipovTr), ix. 15. j3p6ros, vii. 45. (Uporos, iii. 4. fipOUKOS, x. 10. 3poi>fc, x. 10. fipous, X. 10. Ppbxffos, x. 10. (3pbx°s, ii- 16. /3pi/a, v. 9. fipvafa, vi. 14. (3pVCL\iKT7}S, V. 9. (HpUKW, X. 10. jSpiS£, x. 10. f3>vbeis, vi. 14. /3pi!w, vi. 14. (Bpi'ffffoi, vii. 28. Ppvrea, vii. 45. ftpuTOv, vi. 3-f. fipVTTtil, x. 10. /■fy>i>Xfir, ix. 1. /3t/j'w, ix. 1. j3i/0Js, vi. 40. j3vko.vij, viii. 12. fivKT-rfs, viii. 12. jSi'ct;, vi. 38. {Svpp.a.%, vii. 27 + vii. 46. jjupoa, ii. 17. [Svcrcra, ix. 1. fivaabs, vi. 40. fivara^, x. 1. jSiyw, vi. 40. (3d)KKa\is, ix. 1. fiwXlrrjs, vi. 15. /3u>Xos, vi. 15, (3up.6s, vi. 40. fiwpevs, v. 9. /3cDpot, ii. 13. -yd, i. 5. 7a,Y7a\i£to, vii. 2. yayydpt), ii. 6. ■yd'VYXioj', vi. 2. YixYYpaiJ'a, vii. 1. YaSeci, vi. 107. 7Xuj, ii. 1. 7aj, iii. 7. yqpeioi', iii. 7. INDEX. 289 y-qpiw, ix. G. yrjTfiov, VI. 07 + VI. :>'j. -yi, i. [>. ylyaprov, vii. 1. 717a?, vi. 66. 71771s, vi. 66. yiyy\apos, ix. S + ix. 7. 7177X1(7/1165, vii. 2. yiyyXvp,os, ii. 1. 7i'77pas, ix. S + ix. 6. yiyvoixcu, vi. 66. yiyvibaKU, viii. 4. yi\\LKa, ii. 2. yivvos, ix. S. ylayov, i. 8 + iv. 6. 7X1X70S, x. 1 1. 7Xdj"w, ix. 7. yXdp.i), i. 23. yXd/xv&s, i. 23 + vi. 124. 7\dcty, vii. 2. 7\dvos, vii. 2. 7X01/65, iii. 6. 7Xdf, x. 11. yXapis, vii. 4. 7Acu>k6s, vi. 129. 7XaiVos, ii. 2. 7Xatf£, vi. 129. 7Xai>p6s, vi. 129. yXavaov, vi. 129. 7Xai/C(jw, vi. 129. yXdcpv, vii. 4. yXdkus, x. 17. yXufiio, vii. 4. yXwaaa, x. 17. -)XtDxes, vii. 4. 7Xa>x"'> v >>- '• 7i/d0os, vii. 5. yvapuTTW, ii. 6. 7(/o7rTW, vii. 5. yva, vii. 1. 7pt/j"a>, ix. 6. 7pOXos, ix. 6. ypvp-ala, ii. 4. 7piu'6s, vii. 1. I -v pl'TTuS, II. -J. ypvaou)' 1 , ix. 6. ypiiTT}, \ ii. 1 . ypv\p, ii. 3. yplvos, ii. 3. 71'a, ii. 5. 71/010, vi. 67. 7^0X01/, ii. 5. 7^777$, ix. 10. 71177s, ii. 5. 71/101/, ii. 5. 7iuos, ii. 5. 7i/Xi6s, x. 13. 7i'/j.f6s, iv. 4. 7111/77, vi. 66. 71/77-77, ii. 7. yvpya6os, ii. 3 + ii. 6. yvpii'os, ii. 3. yvpis, vii. 1. 71/pos, ii. 3. 71/1^, ii. 7. yv\jsus, vi. 130. 7wXe6s, ii. 1. ywv'ia, ii. 6. 7wpuTos, ii. 3. 5a-, vi. 102. OC17US, i. 21. oaTJvai, vi. 126. oa77p, iii. 15. 5cu, i. 5. 5ai6"aXos, i. 14. Sai'fw, iv. 1. oaipiwv, iv. 1. oaivvp.1, iv. 1. 6"dibs, vii. 43. Saipw, vii. 39. 5ats, iv. 1. Safe, vi. 127 ; vii. 43. 5at"7, ii. 28. davoj, iii. 1 1. 8d. oeiVoj, ii. 58. Seivus, iii. 11. Seibs, iii. 11. 8tlwvov, vii. 42. oe/pTj, vi. 13. oeipco, vii. 39. octs, i. 5. oetcra, iii. 15. oe\-a, iv. 7. SeKeTTjpis, iv. 7 + vi. 34 + vi. 27. Se'Xeap, x. 16. SeXXis, vii. 40 + vii. 25. SAos, x. 1 6. 5A0a£, vi. 10. SeXcpt's, vi. 10. Se\£, vii. 24. 8oirj, i. 6. ooi.6s, i. 6. oo/ceww, vi. 126. 6Ww, vi. 126. Sokos, vi. 72 ; vi. 126. ooXlxos, vi. 13. ooXtx^^'oSj vi. 13 + vii. 7. 56Xos, ii. 19. 86X0$, ii. 19 + i- 30. ooXwv, vii. 40. 86/j.os, i. 34. -Sop, i. 2. ooKaf, v. 26. Sovew, v. 26. <5o£a, vi. 126. SopiXXos, iii. 13. oopt's, vii. 39. OcjpiJ, V. 11. 86pirov, iii. 13. 56pu, vi. 11. SopuaXos, iii. 13. OopvKVLOv, vi. 11 + vii. 5. oof'Xoj, vi. 1 2. 5o07ro?, ix. 18. b~ovpi]veK7]S, vi. 9 + vi. 37. ooxp-te, ii- 28. 8pd[3i>), iii. 13. Sp&Kuv, ii. 20. Spafiov/iiai. v. 11. SpairerT]S, v. 11. Spclffcrw, ii. 21. Sparus, vii. 39. Spo-XV-y, "• 21. opdw, vi. 11, 126. op(Tru), vii. 39. opL\a$, vii. 39. 8plXos, vii. 39. opifivs, vii. 39. opfos, vi. lh Opoirr), iii. 13, npjyuos, v. 11. opoo-aXXis, iii. 13 + ii. 10. opacros, iii. 13. 5pw>i/', vi. 11 + i. 30. dpVTris, vii. 39. 5p(y7T7ra, iii. 13. bpinrro), vii. 39. 5p0s, vi. 11. opuipaKTos, vi. 11+ii. 35. 5pco7rdfa;, vi. 126 + vi. 118. 5pw7ra£, vii. 39. 8pu>TTTw, vi. 126 + vi. 1 1 8 ; vii. 39. oyr/, vii. 43. SlWucu, vi. 53. oi';o, i. 6. 8vtttw, vi. 60. oi/popiat., ix. 4. 5wr-, vii. 43. 8va-rjXeyris, vii. 43 + vii. 31. SvaKoXos vii. 43 + v. 4. duo-fiavrjs, vii. 43 + v. 22. 8ucnrip., ii. 11. dp.a, ii. 36. elp.1, iii. 17. el/xi, v. 21. eivarepis, i. 7. eipyw, ii. 13. ei'pepos, ii. 22. ei'/DT/, ii. 13. dp-ijv, ii. 1 3. elprjvr], iii. 2. eipnos, ii. 22. a/jos, iii. '2. eipi'w, vi. 85. ei'pw, ii. 22. et'pw, ix. 14. d'puv, ii. 13. eis, i. 1. eh, iv. 7. eiiTKW, vi. 124. euros, i. 6 + iv. 8. tlra, v. 24. eirev, v. 24. in, iv. 5. e/cds, iv. 5. e/cacTToj, iv. 7. e/axrepoj, iv. 7. €ko.t6v, iv. 7. eV5i5w, iv. 5+vi. CO. eVe?, i. 5. ckcIvos, i. 5. cKr/Xos, iii. 27 + iii. 6. e/0?T£, vi. 52. ticXety/jia, iv. 5 + x. 17. iK-rrayXos, iv. 5 + vi. 19. Zktwp, vi. 63. €xvp6s, i. 31 + vi. 4. eXaia. i. 24. e'Xcuoi', i. 24. eXdrr), i. 12. eXtxrlvT], ii. 54. eXauvu}, v. 12. tXcupos, v. 15. eXtMpptis, v. 15. e'Xayi;?, v. 16. eXoouai, vi. 26. eXeyos, ix. 20. eXeyxu, vii. 31. eXeiSs, vii. 2. eXeXev, xi. 7. eXeXffw, ii. 10. eXeVT?, ii. 10; vi. 131. eXeviov, ii. 10. Ae6s, i. 12; ix. 20. £Xeos, iii. 18. eXeairh, iii. 18 +vi. 40. tXevdeiv, v. 14. eXevOepos, v. 14. iXerpa.lpop.ai, v. 10 + v. 9. e'X??, vi. 131. eX^XdSaro, v. 12. eXdew, v. 14. e'Xiwaj, iii. IS. eXivos, ii. 10. iXicrau), ii. 10. e'X/cos, vii. 31. ?\kw, vi. 21. e'XXa, iii. 18. f'XXdj, ii. 10. eXXf/3opos, iii. 18 + x. 2. eXXoj, eXXos, v. 7. (?XX6s, iii. 18. eXXoi/', iii. lS + ix. 2. eXpuvd-, ZXpLiyy-, ii. 10 + ii. 38. tX^ivrj, ii. 10. t'Xos, iii. 18. gXirco, vi. 26. fXup-a, vii. 27. e'Xvp.os, ii. 11. Auw, ii. 10. ("pairov, ii. 45. e^, viii. 1. e/x^w, viii. 6. ip.Trdi'ofxaL, i. 1+ii. 35. Hpiirains, i. 1 +ii. 35 ; i. 1 + M 23. ip.irdp.wv, i. 1 -I ii. 35. tp.irQ.s, i. 1 +ii. 33. epLTretpia, vi. 20. ip.irk, v. 22 + vii. 41. epuroXdu), i. 1 + ii. 1 4. eptropos, i. 1 + vi. 20. eV^s, v - 22. iv, i. 1. ivaipio, iv. 4. Zvapa, iv. 4. eVSaTros, i. 1 + vi. 60. eVoeXex^S) i- l + vi.. 1 3. ivZl-qpi, i. 1 +iii. 11. eVoios, i. 1 + vi. 127. eVooi, i. 2. ecSo^, i. 2. ivSvKius, i. l + vi. 53. eV5i;w, i. 1 + vi. 60. iveyKOj, vi. 98. eve'imc, vi. 98. 'eveKa, vi. 52. evevrjKOvra, iv. 7. eVeos, iii. 5. eveirw, i. 1 + ix. 25. evepoi, vi. 99. eV^i??, iii. 30. «V0a, i. 5 + i. 1. hi, i. 1. eviavrbs, vi. 37 + vi. 34. eWi, i. 5. eviore, i. 5 + vi. 57. iv'nrTio, i. 1 + viii. 7. eviairo), i. 1 + ix. 25. iwea, iv. 5. fwe'iru, i. 1 + ix. 25. evvewpos, iv. 5 + vi. 8. 'ivvvp.i, ii. 36. eVos, vi. 37. ivoaixOov, v. 29 + vi. 111. ewxepci, i- 1 + i. 30. evTCLvda, i. 5 + i. 1 + viii. 5 + i.3. evravOoL, i. 5 + i. 1 + viii. 5 + i. 3. ("urea, ii. 33. eVreXex 1 /*; i- 1 + vi. 13. e'vrepov, i. 1 + vi. 9. ivrevdev, i. 5 + i. 1 + viii. 5 + i. 3. eVros, i. 1. Hvrv/iov, i. 1 + vii. 4 2. INDEX. ■><):) ivTvvw, ii. 33. ew6s, i. 10. % iv. 5. *!, iv. 7. i^aitpv^, iv. 5 + v. 23. i$r)'s, iv. 5 -I- v. 23. i^epdu, iv. 5 + v. 6. e£7?s, i. 30. e^oijXij, iv. 5 + ii. 11. ?o, viii. 5. Hoikcl, vi. 124. eopTq, iii. 2. eldes, vi. 40 + ii. 34. eir-qeTavbs, vi. 40 4- vi. 60. tirr/peia, vi. 40 + ix. 19. (TrrjTrjs, iii. 22. eirrjTpi/xos, vi. 40 + vi. 60. e7rt, vi. 40. iiripda, vi. 40 + x. 9. tTrir/pavos, vi. 40 + i. 26. eiriKovpos, vi. 40 + vi. 4. e7ri7roXi7S, vi. 40 + i. 12. iirippodos, vi. 40 + vi. 11 ; vi. 40 + ix. 19. eiriaeiop, vi. 40 + vii. 48. tTTiGKvviov, vi. 40 + ii. 29. eViV/a'pos, vi. 40 f v. 2; vi. 40 + vi. 63. fTriffXepti, vi. 40 + i. 30. eTTiT&ppodos, vi. 40 -t- vi. 1 1 . (Triravpos, vi. 40 + vi. 11. ewLTrides, vi. 40 + vi. 61. eiropai, i. 30. iiropov, vi. 20. ^7TOJ, ix. 2. en-ox];, ix. 1. €7T7d, iv. 7. &ru, i. 30. fya, vi. 83. epafe, vi. S3 + i. 1. epda>, vi. 97. ep-xvos, vi. 83. -epdio, v. 6. Zpyov, vi. 25. ep7w, ii. 13. ("vow, vi. 25. c r qia>Oos, ii. 53 + vi. 5. c . fpefios, ii. 53. iptdw, vii. 34. epeetVw, ix. 14. tpeidoj, iv. 91. epeiKT], vii. 30. ipel/cw, vii. 30. ipetTro}, iii. 32. cpep.vbs, ii. 53. ipewTop.a.1, x. 15. epe'craw, ii. 56. iper/uLov, ii. 56. ^pecrxeX^w, ix. 1 4 + vi i i. 7. eptuyopai, ix. 15 ; x. 11. ep-vvdw, vii. 37. epetpu, ii. 53. ipixQw, vii. 30. epecj, ix. 14. ep7)/j.os, iv. 17. epTjTuo), vi. 85. epj, vi. 83. ipLTjpos, vi. S3 + i. 26. epidd.Ky), vi. 129 + vi. 124. (pidaKos, vi. 129 + vi. 12 J. epiOos, i. 2T. e'p'K'7, vii. 30. epivov, vii. 32. epiov. iii. 2. (pis, vii. 34. i'pupos, vi. 90. epubXr], ii. 12 + ii. 10. t'p/cos, ii. 13. ?pp:a, ii. 22 ; vi. 91. h'pp.a.%, vi. 91. ep/LLTjvevs, ix. 14 + viii. 1. fywos, vi. 83. Zpofiai, ix. 14. £p7TW, v. 6. eppaos, iii. 2. ^ppw, v. 9. epcrr;, iii. 2. ipvdplis, v. 1 4. epuKLo, vi. 85. epvp.v6s, ii. 53. epvalpT], v. 14 + vi. 38. epuw, vi. 85. ipi'io/xai, ii. 53. Hpxa-ros, ii. 13. epXOfJ-ai, v. 16. epwotos, ix. 19. epuew, iii. 34 ; v. 6. f/JMlJ, v. 6. epojTuo), ix. 1 4 + ix. 27. , x. 3. ?- 63. frctfa;, vi. 105. iratpos, vi. 34. erapos, vi. 34. e're6s, vi. 105. ^repos, i. 5 + vi. 9. e'rTjj, vi. 34. e+£, vi. 59. ^TVOS, x. 3. eTotfios, i. 32 + i. 1. ^ros, vi. 34. eros, v. 17. e'Tv/j.os, vi. 105. erticrio?, v. 17. e#, vi. 104. e5a, xi. 3. eua-yTjs, vi. 104 + vi. 120. eudfw, xi. 3. euai, xi. 3. et''Oiatos, v. 17. eiiSiavds, vi. 104 +vi. 127. f-v'oios, vi. 104 + vi. 127. eiiow, iii. 27. ei''#ec77s, vi. 104 + vi. 56. eudrjvrjs, vi. 104 + \i. 5b'. ei/0tf, vi. 104 + vi. 55. tvduwpos, vi. 101 + vi. 55 + ii. 12. tvKrfKos, iii. 27 + iii. 6. ei)V-o\os, vi. 101 + v. 4. evKTLTos, vi. 104 + iii. 9. ev\&Ka, vii. 27. et''\?7, ii. 10. f i f X?jpa, ii. 1 0. evp-apr/s, vi. 104 + ii. 4:). €i''p.fv^j, vi. 104 + v;ii. 1. 294 INDEX. evvij, iii. 27. tDfis, iv. 5. evdi, xi. 3. evpai, ii. 12. evpdi;, ii. 12. ei* plana), ii. 13. evpos, vi. 11G + viii. 12. eupvs, iv. 14. ei'pwj, iii. 2. ei5s, vi. 104. ef'Tf, i. 5 + vi. 67. eiHppaLvu, vi. 104 + vi. -2. eu'xo/xat, vi. 52 ; xi. 3. evw, vi. 116. ecpOos, iii. 26. e v '- 102 + vi. 4. jaw, vi. 102. -j'e, i. 1. j"ea, j'etu, vi. 102. i'4X\u, v. 7. £epe0pov, x. 16. fcvyvv/xi, i. 6. Zeus, vi. 127. £e(pvpos, ii. 21 + viii. 12. j'ew, vi. 114. fiyXos, vi. 114. i'rinia, vi. 7£, v. 11. £6pjs, vi. 102. ij, i. 5. ^, i. 5. 7?,3?7, vi. 102. ijyavov, iii. 16. riyeofxai., vi. 03. tjot;, vi. 57. riOop-ai, x. 19. 7;5i)s, x. 19. ijipios, vi. 116 ; viii. 12. 7]9(Xos, ii. 33. f/0os, viii. 5. t/0w, vii. 48. ijideos, iv. 6. 771a, vi. 102. ?}i'u»', vi. 66 ; ix. 27. TJKa, iii. 8. iJKiffTos, iii. 8. ?j/cw, i. 17. i)\ai.i'U}, v. 12. rj\aKa.T7i, vi. 92. yjXeKTpov, vi. 131. 7]\^KTlOp, Vi. 131. r)\e/uLaTos, v. 12 + viii. 2. ?')\iaia, ii. 11. tjXIIScltos, vi. 96. i?Xt0a, v. 12 + i. 2; vi. 86 + i. 2. ?'/\i0tos, v. 12. t]\Lkos, i. 5 + vi. 92. rjXioj, vi. 131. •77X1^, ii. 51. 17X65, v. 12. i)\os, vi. 24. ■i)\vyT], ii. 47. *}Xv£, ii. 17. i7>'Viof, vi. 131. 7)/xat, iii. 17. 77/xap, vi. 131 +iv. 16. rj/xedairos. viii. I I vi. 60. 77P-€?s, viii. 4 + i. 32. V,uepa, vi. 131 + iv. 16. ■rjp-tpos, iii. 14. •77/xt, ix. 10. ■ijfucrvs, i. 32 + iv. 8. 7/\uos, vi. 37. rjpiuw, ii. 7. rjv, i. 5. 7]vaof, vi. 132 + vi. 118. rj-rravia, iii. 14. /;7rap, vi. 102. -,)/re<5ai'6s, iii. 22. ■TjTreipos, iv. 4 + vi. 20. rj-jrepowevs, iv. 6 + ix. 2. 7)W7)T1]S, i. 8. ■ipridXris, v. 23. ijirlaXos, v. 23. 7771-10X05, v. 23. ijiTLos, iii. 22. ?;7Ti''c<;, ix. 1. •^p, vi. 116. ijpa, i. 26. ijpavos, i. 26. i]pep.a, iii. 14. -77p77S, i. 26. 7)pt, vi. 116. Tjpi'oi', vi. 23. ijpvyyos, vii. 30. 7?pa;s, vi. 25. ijaaa)i>, iii. 8. 77a-i>xos, iii. 17. ■Tjrop, vi. 102. ijrpLOV, ii. 20. Tjrpov, vi. 102. 7;iire, vi. 34. ijxavev, ix. 10. W?", i v - H- ?7X 0S > ix. 10. rjibv, vi. 66. i]J)S, vi. 116. -0a, i. 1. Oadaaai, iii. 1. 0atp6s, ii. 20. OaKos, iii. 11. 0aXdp.77, ii. 18. 'ViXauos, ii. 18. INDIA. Of 205 OdXaava, v. 7. DaXla, vi. 10. OdXinrpov, ii. 18. 0dXXw, vi. 10. 6&\ttu), iii. 12. OaXvKpos, iii. 12. OaXuw, iii. 12. 0a/*ct, i. 34. Odfxfios, iii. 15. 0d/j.vos, i. 34. Odvaros, iii. 11. Odofiat, vi. 127. Odiro^, iii. 1 5. OdirTw, vi. 60. OapyrjXia, vi. 133 + iii. 6. Odpcros, vi. 11. 8av/j.a, vi. 127. 0dw, x. 8. -0e, i. 1. 0e'a, vi. 127. OeijKSXos, vi. 61 +v. 4. 0ei.\6Tredoi>,v.. 12/" + vi.40. ddvw, vi. 74. flew, viii. 16. 0£ios, vi. 58. 0et's, vi. 5(5. OeXyw. iii. 12. Q£Xvp.vov, vi. 12. 0e'Xw, vi. 13. 0e,ua, i. 1. 6ep.edXov, i. 1, de/xeiXov, i. 1. 6ep.4\ios, i. 1. Oe/xepbs, i. 1. 0, v. 24. Oeupbs, vi. 127. 0r}yw, vii. 24. 077X17, x. 8. OrjXvs, x. 8. 6-qp.wv, i. 1. 077?, i. 5. 0»fo v. 11. 07js, vi. 58. 0T](Tavp6s, i. 1 + ii. 23. drjcreiof, vii. 13. -0i, i. 1. Oiacros, v. 24. 0i/3p6s, vi. 13S. 0i7Yv/u.i, v. 11. 0op6s, v. 11. 66pv(3os, v. 11 ; ix. 4. Oovpos, v. 24. Opdyp-os, vii. 39. dpavis, vii. 39. dpavow, vii. 39. 0pdop.cu, vi. 11. Opdaaui, v. 11. OpavXos, vii. 39. OpaviraXos, ii. 20. dpainris, ix. 4. dpavw, vii. 39. 6peo/xai, ix. 4. dprjvos, ix. 4. OpTJvv;, vi. 11. OprjlTKOS, vi. 11. Opid'gw, v. 11. 0/uat, v. 11. 0piap.j3os, iii. 13. Opiyicos, ii. 21. 0/3ida£, iii. 13. 0pti/af , i. 3 + vii. 20. 0/>t£, vi. 9. 0pt'(w, i. 3. 0ptos, ii. 20. 0pi'i/<, vii. 39. 0p6}i ftos, vi. 11. Opbvov, vi. 9. Opovos, vi. 11. 0p6os, ix. 4. dpvaXXis, ii. 20 + ii. 10. Opvyavdu, vii. 39. dpvWlaaw, vii. 39. 0pCXos, ix. 4. 0piW, ii. 20. dpinrTw, vii. 39. OpUUKIjJ, v. 11. dvavia, iii. 15. duapos, vii. 39. 0i>da>, iii. 15. dvydrrjp, vi. 53. dveia, ii. 24. OueXXa, v. 24 + ii. 10. 0w'a, viii. 16. 0iuds, v. 24. 0woi', viii. 16. dvXaKos, ii. 18. 9vp.dXw\p, viii. 16 + vi. 96. 6 ufj.fi pa, viii. 16. dvfids, viii. 16. 6vp.os, viii. 16. duvvcs, v. 24. 0WW, v. 24. 0ww, viii. 16. 0t'/oj, viii. 16. dvo/TKoos, viii. 6+ vii. 9. 0^a, ii. 20. 0ypM'7sf> ii- 22 + ii. 38. Oojpids, i. 1. 0cipa£, ii. 21. 0w?, ix. 18. OQiaOai, x. 8. Ouvcrcro), ix. 18. 0wi/', viii. 16. t or £, viii. 5. iaivw, iii. 8. , v. 7. i!ap.(3os, viii. 7. i'ai/00?, viii. 21 + vi. 58. 296 INDEX. i ^ofjiat, in. 8. i&TTTW, V. 1. iaaubvy), ii. 32. iaa-rns, vi. 137 + vi. 130. lavw, iii. 11. ict^w, ix. 10. ifiavri, vi. 40. ?/35?7, vi. 40. IfiiaKos, ii. 37. */3i5fw, ix. 1. rjSu^, ix. 1. tydLS, vi. 63. iyicpos, i. 1 + vi. 1. ryinjTes, i. 1 + vi. 66. iyvva, i. 1 + ii. 6. iSe, i. 5. i'ckos, viii. 5. i'ofco, iii. 14. iovoisi, ii. 58. Topis, vi. 119. iopvcj, iii. 17. iopiJos, iii. 14. £e'pa£, ii. 13+ ii. 9. iep6s, vi. 10S. i'ja>, iii. 17. t?7, ix. 10 ; xi. 1. irfCos, xi. 1. ii]\ep.os, xi. 1. h]fXL, v. 24. lOaivw, vi. 133. i'(?ap, vi. 55. i'^/ia, vi. 55. Wpis, iv. C. Wis, vi. 55. Wvpjios, v. 21. i/v-a^os, i. 17. iVeXos, vi. 124. iKfTTjs, vi. 108. LKKOS, V. 1. iKfids, vii. 48 4- iii. 5. iKp.evos, i. 17. 'iKpiov, vi. 03. LKrap, i. 17. iKTepos, vi. 121. IktIvos, vii. 11. i'fvm, vii. 1 1. i\-oj, i. 17. IXap, ii. 11. iXapjj, vi. 0. t'Xuos, iii. 18. i',\?;, ii. 11. i'Xry£, ii. 10. +ii. 32. i'XXos, vi. 124 + v. 7. l\\6s, ii. 10. i'XXw, ii. 10 ; ii. 11. IXvos, ii. 11. l\fo, iii. 18. i\vd}, ii. 11. !>«?, ii. 22 + ii. 38. 1/j.a.Tiop, ii. 36. Imw, vi. 108 + v. 22. 'lp.epos, vi. 108 + viii. 3. iV or IV, viii. 5. &», i. 1. IVa, i 5. iV5dXXo/xcu, vi. 110. iVe'w, iii. 5. Im, vi. SO. % vii. 11. i|aX6y, v. 30. l*5s, i. 18. tfi/s, ii. 9. iJp.wpoi, i i. 11 +viii. 3. tov, viii. 21. iovOos, vi. 53. i'op/cos, v. 11. t'is, i. 18. i'os, iv. 5 ; v. 24. UTT]S, vi. 1 OS. i'ouXos, ii. 10; ii. 11 ; iii. 1. iirvri, ix. 3. iirvbs, iii. 26. 17TOS, vi. ^0. iirbw, vi. 40. i7T7ra, ix. 3. i'7nros. v. 1 . 'Lirra/xai, v. 19. i'7Tro,uai, vi. 40. iiriia, ii. 25. tp^, ii. 13 + ii. 9. i'p:77es, ii. 12 + ii. 32. tpis, ii. 12. is, ii. 34. iaixTis, ii. 32. IVt/jUI, vi. 111'. iaOpos, viii. 1 7. IffKCLl, i. 18. iW-Xos, ii. 29. iaKco, vi. 124. i'uos, i. + iv. 8. 'i(TT7]f.U, i. 29. iaroptw, vi. 11 '.'. ioros, i. 29. tV^as, vii. 8. lax^-ov, ii. 28. iax"6s, vii. 8. i'o'Xi'S, vi. 25 + vi. 63. t77, ix. 10. t'w/cij, v. 26 + v. 1. liopbs, ii. 13. lu\p, v. 1. /ca/3aXX?7S, v. 1. K&fieipos, ii. 8. k6.(3os, ii. 8. k, ii. 2. KaKKapTj, vi. Ill; ix. 10. KaKKafa, ix. 1 0. K&KK7], viii. 11. INDHX. 297 kokos, viii. 11. kciktos, vii. 3. KaXafiis, v. 4. KaXados, ii. 1. A-ctXcuj, vi. 129. KaXd/jir], vi. 2. KuXa/xos, vi. 2. K&Xavdpos, ix. 7. KctXapis, ix. 7. Ka\avpo\p, ii. 2 + iii. 32. K£ , vi. 1 1 2 + ii. 21. Karr;i/j;)s, vi. 112 + vi. 115. kotottw, vi. 112 + ii. 16. Karra, x. 4. Kava^, ix. 10. Kavapos, viii. 1 1. KHD/ca\:as. ix. 10. KavKaXiov, ii. 5. KavKciXis, ii. 5. kolvkIs, ii. 5. /caO/cos, ii. 5. Kav\6s, vi. 2. KavvdKrjs, vii. 15 + vii. 21. Kawos, iv. 7. Kavpos, viii. 11. Kai>xv, xi. 3. Ka, ii. 1. KeXeovrei, ii. 1. KtXeos, vi. 2. KeXevdos, v. 4 + v. 14. /ceXeuw, ix. 7. K€\7]S,V. 4. iv-AXu, vi. 5. /lAoyuai, ix. 7. Ke\v(f)rj, ii. 2. KeXwp, ix. 7. K€pLCLS, V. 1. Ke/ufxa, iii. 8. kcj'j i. 5. Keveos, Kevos, iii. 21. Kivrew, vii. 5. K(TT(pOS, V. 1. Kepa'tfa, vii. 1. Kepcuris, vi. 1. Kepdfj.^r]Xov, ii. 4 + ii. 45. Kep&nj3v£, ii. 4+ii. 45. Kepafxos, i. 23. K^pas, vi. 4. K(paaos, vii. 1. Kepavvos, v. 6. Kepdio, i. 23. Kep&epos, ii. 4. K^pdos, ii. 4. KepK(T7)s, vi. 4. KfpKis, vi. 4. KtpKLUV, ix. 6. K^pKos, ii. 3. Kipvov, vii. 1. Kipvos, i. 2 I. Kcpoim'as, vi. 4 + vi. 34. K^px"Vi ix. 6. Kepxvos, vii. 1 ; ix. 6. Kdpxw, ix. 6. KiaKiov, iv. 8. Kearpov, vii. 9. Kevda), ii. 6. KecpaK-q, vi. 77. Ke'x^aSa, vi. 6. Kexpa/xos, ix. 6. /cew, iv. 8. kt}, i. 5. KTJfioS, V. 1. /17780s, viii. 4. /ctj0is, ii. 6. Kr/xas, viii. 11. K7]Kiu<, vi. 48. ktjXus, viii. 15. nrfKdoTpa, ii. 1. KTjXaarpos, ii. 1. uriXeio, iii. 6. £77X77, vi. 2. ktjXIs, i. 23. KrjXov, vi. 2. ktjXuv, vi. 2. K7]p.6s, ii. 8. KTJfios, iii. 21. /C77V0S, i. 5. K77^, ix. 10. ktJttoj, ii. 8 ; v. 1. K77p, vii. 1. KTjpcupis, ii. 4. Kjpivdos, i. 23 + vi. 129. Kijpjs, i. 23. Kijpvi;, ix. 6. KTJTOS, iv. 11. K77L^, ix. 10. Kr}(p-i}v, iii. 22. K77XOS, i. 5 + i. 1. K7]ibo7is, viii. 13 + viii. 16. KTjdieis, viii. 13. Ki(3or]Xos, viii. 7. /a'/35os, viii. 7. nipicns, ii. 8. Kifidipiov, ii. 8 + ii. 13. ki(3wt6s, ii. 8. KiyicXis, ii. 6 + ii. 1. kLjkXos, v. 1 . Kt7X a^; i- 17. /cioaXoj', iv. 8. Kioapis, v. 2. KL5dT], v. 2. Kidari/Lir], ii. 6. Kvrj/xis, ii. 6. kv7]/j.6s, ii. 6. KVTjCpT], vii. 5. Kvidr], vii. 5. Kvi'gw, vii. 5. kvLtttw, vii. 5. kvlttolo, vii. 5. Kviaa, viii. IS. Kn(p6s, vii. 5. a-c/i^, vii. 5. a-i'oos, vii. G. A-j't'fa, vii. 5. Ki'iij'cta, ii. 26. Kvvfa, ix. 8. kvi/os, vii. 5. kww, vii. 5. A'^woaXoi', vii. 5. Kvwdai;, vii. 5. Ki'iooovres, vii. 5. Kvihaaio, iii. 2 I. Ki>d>\p, vii. 5. A-od£, ix. 10. K6j3a\a, v. 1. Koj3a\os, v. 1. Ko5u/j.a\oi>, vi. 70 + vi. 29. ko^o), ix. 27. Kudopvos, ii. 6 + ii. 13. /cd^oi'pos, iv. 8 + ii. 16. A-o't, ix. 10. (com, ii. 5. Koirj/na, vi. 67. A-otTjs, vi. 107. koikvXXw, vi. 124 + v. 7. /coiXos, ii. 5. A'oiXta, ii. 5. Koifx6.il], iii. 8. koivos, i. 31. koioXtjs, vi. 107. /coios, i. 5. a-cuoj, i. 31. Koipavos, vi. 4. koItv, iii. 8. kokkos, vii. 10. KOKKV, ix. 10. KOKKvyea, vii. 10. kokkv!;, vii. 10 ; ix. 10. KOK^ac, vi. 67. k6Xcl, v. 4. KoXafieco, x. 13. KoXapos, v. 4. KoXaflpos, v. 4 ; x. 13. A-oXdfw, iv. 10. A-6Xai;, v. 4. /coXd.7rTw, vi. 5. KoXcupos, vi. 5. KoXiKavos, iii. G. AoXeos, ii. 1. KoXcTpdw, vi. 5. koX^w, v. 4. KoXias, vi. 129. *6XXa, i. 23. /coXXa/3£j"w, vi. 5. koXXi£, ii. 1. koXXottuw, i. 23. k6XXo\{/, i. 23 ; ii. 1 ; vi. 5 I ii. 51. KJXXvfSoi', ii. 1. A-oXXupa, ii. 1 . KoXXvpiov, i. 23. KoXXvpiuf, ix. 7. KoXopos, iv. 10. /coXotos, ix. 7. KoXoiria, ii. 2. koX6kcu>os, iii. 6. KoXoKaaia, ii. 1+vi. 67. KoXoKv/j.a, ii. 1+vi. 67. koXokvvOos, ii. 1+vi. 66. koXov, ii, 1 ; vi. 6. koXos, iv. 10. KoXocrcoj, vi. 2. KoXocrvpros, ix. 7 + ix. 24. AToXcwaj, iv. 10. KoXocpwv, ii. 1 ; vi. 2. kSXttos, ii. 1. KoXv^oaiva, ii. 2. KoXvfSpLov, x. 13. k6Xvli[3os, v. 4 + v. 22. /:uXy.os, ii. 2. KoXioKwvas, ii. 2. KoXtvvos, vi. 2. KoXipds, ix. 7. Ko/xapos, ii. 7. k6ll[3os, ii. 8. koli.£u), vi. 132. ko/u?;, vi. 70. Ko/xlfa, vi. 132. Kopp.6$, vi. 132. ko/xttos, ix. 9. Kop:\p6s, vi. 132. Kuvafios, ix. 8. kSjvovXos, vi. tiii. KlWw, V. 1. Kun/cXos, vii. 5. KouiXrj, viii. IS. A-oi'ts, vii, G. /coci's, vii. 5. Koi'vew, viii. I. A '.'iTus', vi:. 6. 300 INDEX. kovtos, vi. 112. KOl'TOS, IV. 7. Kovv^a, viii. 18. KOTndrrjs, vii. 7. kott'ls, vi. 5. kottos, iii. 22. Koirpos, viii. 7. k6tttw, vi. 5. KopdWiov, vi. 129 + vii. 38. Kopat;, ii. 3 ; ix. 6. KOpda!;, v. 5. Kopbivdopai, viii. 7. KopSuXy, ii. 4 + ii. 18; v. 5; vi. 1+vi. 10. K'0p5(y\0S, v. 5. Kopevvvp.i, iii. /. K-op?7, vi. 1. i;6p8vs, vi. 1. Kop'iavvov, x. 18. xopiov, i. 23. ko/hs, i. 23 ; vii. 3. KopKopos, ii. 4. KOpKopvyr;, ix. 6. Kopp.6s, vi. 1. Kopvo\p, ix. 6 + ix. 2. /c6/3os, vi. 1 ; vii. 1. Kopw 6s, vi. 1. nopaetis, iv. 9. KO/HTT), vi. 1. Kopaiov, vi. 1. Kopufias, v. 5. Kopvoos, vi. 1. Kopv^a, viii. 7. KopvXos, ii. 4. Kopvpfios, vi. 1+vi. 78. KOpVVT], Vi. 1. KOpUTTTLO, Vi. 1. KOpVTTTlXoS, VI. 1. Kopvs, vi. 1. Kopvaaw, vi. 1. KOpVTTlhOS, Vi. 1. Kopvcpr], vi. 1 + vi. 62. Kopdivr], ii. 3; ix. (5. Kopu3i>6$, ii. 3. Koaxivov, iv. 8. KO(JKv\p.a.ra, iv. 8. Koap-os, vi. 134. /coo - cros, vi. 5. Koacxvfpos, ix. 3. /;. vii. !•. Kocrros, x. 4. Koevpfios, vii. 9. Korepos, i. 5 + vi. 9. kStlvos, vi. 70. kotos, viii. 4. Korra, vi. 70. k6tto.[3os, vi. 5. k6tto.vov, vi. 70. kottv4>os, ix. 3. kotvXtj, ii. 6. /C(WKOl''AlOl', i ; . 5. KovKovpiov, vi. 114. Koi>KOV(pa., ix. 12. Kovpa, iv. 9. KOVptJ, Vi. 1. Kovpidios, vi. 4. /cwpos, vi. 1. KOVfpOS, V. 1. KbcpLvos, ii. 8. kTTOS, ii. 3. Kpwaabs, ii. 3. KTaop.ai, i. 22. Kreavov, i. 22. Kreap, i. 22. KTelvu, vii. 11. /CTti's, vii. 1 1. [NDEX. 301 /ci-t'pas, 1. 22. KTepta, i. 22. KTTjVOS, i. 22. KrLdeos, vii. 11. Krifa. iii. 9. ktLXos, iii. 9. Krlvvvfu, vii. 11. /vTU7TOS, ix. 1 8. KvaOos, ii. 5. Kva/J.os, ii. 5. Kvavos, ii. 5. Kt5a/), ii. 5. nvfiepvau, v. 1. Kt'/3?7, vi. 77. kuj3t}Xis, vi. 5. ki''(3ltoi>, ii. 7. tcufios, ii. 7. KOSapos, ii. 6. kv5oi/x6s, vii. 1 1 + v. 23. /c^Sos, viii. ] 1. /cOSos, vi. 107. Kvdtbvios, vi. 70. Kvew, vi. 67. Ki>/cdw, i. 23. KVK\dp.LPos, ii. 1 + viii. 20. k6k\os, ii. 1. KVK\oreprjs, ii. 1 + ii. 20. kijkvos, ix. 10. Kvka, ii. 1. kvXt], ii. 1. kvXipBw, ii. 1 f ii. 32. kvXiS;, ii. 1. KvXlh), ii. 1. kvXXos, ii. 1. A-fijua, vi. 67. Ku/.i[3a\op, ii. 7. ku/j.(3os, ii. 7. k>j(xlv8ls, ix. 9. Kvvdpa, vii. 5. KwSaAos, vi. 112. Kvviri, ii. 6. Kvvtu), ii. 5. /ci/7rdpit), vi. 77. KV(p6s, ii. 7. KvtpeKij, ii. 7. KuxpeXos, ix. 3. ki$w, vi. 67. Kl'MP, ix. 8. kw, i. 5. Kuias, vi. 70. Ku/3t6s, vi. 77. Kwdeia, vi. 70. Kudiov, vi. 70. KWOUV, vi. 70. Kwdwv, vi. 70. kiokvu), ix. 10. kwXtj, ii. 1. Kw\rji>, ii. 1. KioXri^, ii. 1. /cujXop, ii. 1. /iwAuw, vi. 5. KwXibr-qs, vii. 4 + v. 23. Kwfia, iii. 8. Kw/j.7], ii. 8. KU1/J.OS, v. 1. Kwpi.vs, ii. 8. Kwveiov, vii. 5. kuwo?, vii. 5. Kd>i>w\p, vii. .". KU1TT7], ii. 8. KwpvKos, ii. 3. k-cDs, i. 5 ; ii. 5. /ccoTtXos, ix. 1 1. Ku, x. 15. Xdpt£, i. 24. Xapiuds, i. 24. XdpKos, ii. 57. Xdpvai;, ii. 57. Xapos, x. 17. Xdpos, x. 16. Adpiry£, x. 16 + x. 11. Xapwoo, ix. 20. Xatrajw, vii. 31. Xdadr], vii. 31. Xdcrios, vii. 13. Xdcr/cw, ix. 20. Xaarayeu, ix. 20. Xarrrdpvrj, vii. 33. Xdaravpos, vi. 97 + vi. 72. Adra£, vi. 19. Xdrpts, vi. 96. Xdrpov, vi. 9G. XartVcrw, vi. 19. XavKavirj, x. 11. Xavpa. ii. 51 . Xd, vi. 97 ; vi. 136. Ae/8?7pis, ii. 51 + ii. 13 ; v. 15. A^tjs, ii. 50. Xefiias, v. 15. Xc,Slv0os, ii. 51 + vi. 58. Xiyvov, ii. 47. Xiyofiai, iii. 19. A^yw, ii. 47. Aeta, vi. 96. Aet/3w, iii. 32. Xei/xa^, iii. 20. Xeifiuiv, iii. 20. Aetoj, vii. 35. Xdvw, iv. 17. Xeipiov, iii. 34. Aeip6s, iii. 34. Aax'?'', i. 25. Aa'xw, x. 17. XeKavrj, ii. 47. XeKidos, ii. 47. X^kos, ii. 47. A^/cpoi, ii. 46. XtpLpos, v. 15. Xep.ua, iii. 20. Xefupos, i. 24. Xirradvov, ii. 50. AeVas, vii. 38. Ae7rdj, vii. 33. Ae7ri's, ii. 51. Xerropis, v. 15. Xerrpbs, ii. 51. Aetttos, iii. 32. Xerrvpov, ii. 51+ii. 13. XeTTio, ii. 51. XeaxVi i s - -0. Aet/-yaAe'o5, ix. 20. XeiwSs, vi. 123. Xevpos, vii. 35. AeiVcrw, vi. 123. Ae'xos, iii. 19. Ae'xpios, ii. 46. Ae'xw, iii. 19. A^uw, vii. 33. Ar^-yw, iii. 19. AtJoos, ii. 54. A?;'/'??, vi. 96. A^i'ov, vi 96. A77K, ix. 20. XrjKvdos, ii. 47 ; x. 11. Xtjku, vi. 92. Xij/ja, vi. 97. Xrjfj.r], i. 24. XrjfAfia, ii. 51. Xrfu.vifTKOs, ii. 50. Xyi>6s, ii. 54. AtJi'os, iii. 20. Xf/pos, iii. 34. At-, vi. 96. Aidfo/itai, ii. 46. A tap, vi. 96. Atapjs, iii. 6. Xiafffia, iii. 6. Xiyyu, ix. 20. Xtyoos, iii. 19 ; vii. 31. A17WS, vii. 31. A17US, ix. 20. Ai's" w , vii. 31. At'flo?, vii. 33. XiKfJOS, v. 16. XIkvov, v. 16. XiKpupis, ii. 46 + i. 8. XiKpoL, ii. 46. XiXaiofjai, vi. 97. At'p/3os, x. 15. At/x^y, iii. 20. Xlfj-vrj, iii. 20. XlfLOS, x. 15. Xivov, ii. 54. At-jrapijs, vi. 95. Xiiros, i. 24. XiTTTOfj-ai, vi. 95. Atpos, v. 1 2. A?s, vii. 33. A/s, vii. 35. A1V70S, vii. 31. Xictttos, vii. 35. Xiatrofiai, vi. 97. Aicrtros, vii. 35. XiffTpov, vii. 31. At'cr77ei5to, i. 25. Xoyywv, ii. 46. X67X'?, vii. 31. Aot7j, vii. 31. Aot'Sopos, ix. 20. Aotp,6s, iii. 19. XoiaOos, iii. 33. Xokkt), ii. 47. INDEX. 303 Xo£ias, ii. 4G. Xo$6s, ii. 46. XoTTOS, ii. 51. Xop86s, ii. 56. Xovaaov, ii. 55. Xovco, vii. 35. Xoa, vi. 36 4 i. 8. fxicrcpi, vi. 36 + i. 8. /uerd, ii. 39. fj.eTaXXa.oj, ix. 2. fxeTafi&vios, ii. 39 + iii. 5. ^era^i5, ii. 39 + i. 7. Heriapos, ii. 39 + vi. 84. fJ.iT/IOV, i. 11. fXeTWTTlOV, i. '_' H \ . 9. fjLvvpou.aL, ix. 16 l-ix. If fj.ixp'.s, vi. 31. /j-Lvvpos, ix. 16 + ix. 15. jm}, iv. 4. fXLvvwpos, iii. 5 + vi. 8. fjrjoea, vi. 35. fxlayLc, i. 20. fjrjdofxat, viii. 2. fiLadapviw, i. 11 + ii. 57. firjKa.Ofj.aL, ix. 21. fjiod Js ; i. 11. fJTJKOS, vi. 31. fliffKOL, i. 20. fXTfKLOV, vi. 31. ,u?(xos. viii. 6. fjr)\rj, vii. 45. fJLCTTvXXo}, vii. 44. fiT]\o\6vdri,v\. 29 + vii. 33. /cu'crii, vi. 32. firfKov, iii. 3 ; vi. : 29. ui'ffxoy, vi. 32. ur)\wdpov, ii. 40. /jltos, ii. 38. fj.7]\wT7j, iii. 3 + ii. 33. fiLTpa, ii. 38. /U^«', i. 11. fj.LTv\os, vii. 44. MiK i. 5. fj-lrvs, i. 20. /.i^??, i. 11. fjvaofjai, viii. 1. firjvLy^, ii. 39 + ii. !2. fjvdpov, iii. 5. /j-rjvLS, viii. 1. fivaaiov, i. 11. firfvvio, viii. 1. fivLov, iii. 5. jU.^oi', i. 20. /jlvl6s, iii. 5. MW'Ts) ii. 42 + ii. 32. fivoia, ii. 39. p.y)pLvdos, ii. 42 + ii . 32. /.LvoTov, iii. 5. fj-Vpos, vi. 28. fivoos, iii. 5. fj.rjpvKa.Lc, x. 5 + x. 11. /xi'OLij'es, iii. 5. fj'qpv^, x. 5 + x. 1" /jvLota, ii. 39. /xrfpvw, ii. 42. fibyyos, ix. 21. fxrjTrjp, vi. 31. fioyos, vi. 33. jtt^Ttj, viii. 2. ;u65ios, i. 11. fjrjTpvLa,, vi. 31 + i 8. fxoOos, v. 21. f.L7)X av V, v 'ii- -• fjodwi', v. 21. WX°5. viii - 2 - juoi^i'da?, x. '_•">. /.ua. iv. 7. /.toi,ui'XXw, x. 6. fXLalvLc, i. 20. /xojos, ii. 25. fiLaxpos, i. 20. fjolpa, iv. 1 6. fiiyvvfiL, i. 20. fJOLTOS, i. 11. P.lkk6s, vii. 18. /joLxos, iii. 25. fiLKpbs, vii. IS. p.oXy6s, ii. 41. /j.lXX6s, iii. 3. fjoXiui, vi. 19. /tuXos, ii. 40. /j.6\ls, vi. 30. fjiXros, vi. 121. fj.o\o[3p6s, x. 6. fiiXcpai, iii. 3. fj6Xvj3dos, i. 20. pLLuaWuv, v. 8. fxoXvvw, i. 20. flLfXLXP-OS, ix. 21. fjovdvXei'Lo, vi. 35. fj.ifjLvr)o~KU}, viii. 1. fiovvos, ii. 38. fufjos, i. 11. fibvos, iv. 7. /up. i. 5. ,/j.opyLov, ii. 42 ; iv. 16. fxivOa, viii. 20. fjopyos, ii. 42. filvOos, viii. 2f>. fj.opfj.oXvTTLc, vii. 45. fiLviidw, iii. 5 + iii. 11. fj.6pfj.opos, vii. 45. plvvvda, iii. 5 + iii . 11. fiopfios, vii. 45. fjivvos, iii. 5. fLOpflVpOS, v. S. IXDEX. 305 fiop/xvpu, v. 8. flop/nil}, vii. 45. fxopdeis, vi. 121. fxbpov, ii. 43. fi-bpos, iv. 16. fxop'na, vi. 121. fioppivrj, vi. 121. fj.6pjift.os, iv. 16. fiopros, iii. 4. fLopvaau, i. 20. fJ.oprf>r), ii. 43. fxbptpvos, ii. 43. fj-ocavvu, x. 5. fj-oax^y vi. 32 ; viii. 20. fj-orov, iii. 5. fiovaa, viii. 1. 1x0x60%, vi. 33. M°X^os, vi. 33. M^, xi. 7. fj.va.Kav6 os, vi. 31 + vi. 58. fMvdu, x. 25. fj.vodiofj.ai, i. 20. fLvSaoj, i. 20. /w5os, i. 20. fj.v8piaxXos, vi. 31. fj-vxos, i. 28. £u''X u,, > vi. 31. AU'w, i. 23. fj.vu£6s, i. 28 + vi. 124. fj-CjKos, viii. 6. fiZXos, vii. 45. MiSXi', vi. 29. fubXvfa. vi. 29. /UujXvj, iii. 3. fxwXojxfj, vii. lS + vi. 96. fj.&fj,os, viiL 6. Mwe, i. 5. fj-ojpos, iii. 4. -fxuipos, viii. 3. vat, i. 5. valpov, viii. IS. vaLx<., i. 5. pcu'cu, i. 10. vcikt;, vii. 21. tokos, vii. 21. vaKTos, vi. 98. vavvdpiov, iii. 5. pachas, i. In. viwos, iii. 5. too'j, i. 10. TO7ros, vi. 78. t'dpoos. viii. 1 s . vdp6^, ii. 58. vipKa(p6ov, viii. 18 + viii. 13 + viii. 16. vdpKT], iii. 31. vdpKUTT]iredai>6$, iii. 23. 1*7771-101x0?, iii. 23. v7;7rios, iii. 23. V1ipiT7]S, v. 8. >a;pn-os, iv. 4 + i. 27. vrjpiov, viii. 18. v?} 28. W-yXapos, ix. 8. wj'aj, v. 28. w'kt?, vi. 98. viv, i. 5. I'LTTTO}, v. 28. virpov, v. 28, w0a, v. 2S. yd#os, viii. 8. vo/j.6s, iv. 3. yd/xos, iv. 3. ifoeu, viii. 4. — vbaos, vii. 20. vjcrros. ii. 58 ; iii. 30. vbacpi, iv. 4 + i. 8. vot'ls, iii. 5. i'otos, iii. 5. voOcros, vii. 20. vi, i. 10.i vvdbs, iii. 30. vvKTup, ii. 26 + vi. 8. vvptp-q, i. 10. vw, i. 10. vvv, i. 10. pwt, i. 10. vvt,, ii. 26. wos, i. 10. vvpu, vii. 20. vvffca, ii 58. wirw, vii. 20. vvara^w, ii. 6. j'i'Xa, ii. 26. vJoyaka, x. 3. vwOtjs, iii. 30. m3i, viii. 1. vu>Kap, iii. 31. cuXe/i^s, iv. 4 + iii. 1. Wjudui, iv. 3. i>G>po\p, vii. 20 + vi. 118. vuitos, ii. 58. j'wx 6 ^ 7 ? 5 ) iii- 31. i^abu), vii. 9. founds, vi. 134. £eVos, iii. 9. £epds, vii. 9. Jew, vii. 9. £77p6s, vii. 9. £i, vi. 14. o7Kdo/uai, ix. 22. 075o^Kov7ct, iv. 7. 6yKos, ii. 9 ; vi. 31. oynos, vii. 3. ^7X'' 7 ?! y i- 31. o5d^, x. 3. 65d^ofj.at, vii. 24. S5e, i. 3 + i. 5. dcip.7;, viii. 16. 656s, vi. 71. odous, x. 3. ooi'ifT], vii. 43. oSi'po^ai, ix. 4. obvaaopat., viL 43. dfei'a, vi. 103. 6fa, vi. 73. dfw, viii. 16. o^^eros, iv. 6. 600/xai, vi. 127. C66vt), ii. 33. oZ, viii. 5. oi', xi. 1. oi'af, v. 23. oLyw, iv. 5. oi'Sdaj, vi. 34. blbfov, vi. 34. 6lf6s, xi. 1. oi'77, iii. 27. olrjiov, v. 23. ol/cos, i. 17. oTktos, xi. 1. 6lp.a, v. 23. oi'/xTj, ix. 21. ol/xos, v. 24. ol/ALofa, xi. 1. oiV77, vi. 102. oTvos, iv. 5 ; vi. 102. oi'ojueu, vi. 52. otos, iv. 5. chs, 6'i's, iii. 27. olcros, ii. 32. dicrTds, vii. 25. cnVxpos, vii. 25. oiavTTij, iii. 27 + i. 15. oi'crw, vi. 108. euros, vi. 108. oi'0u>, vi. 107. oi'xo^at, iv. 5. di'a;, vi. 52. oiwvbs, v. 23 + v. 18. d/vAAw, vi. 5. 6Kip./3afa, ii. 7. 6/cKa/3os, ii. 9 + ii. 7. oKXdfcv, ii. 1. okvos, iii. 8. d'/cos, vi. 124. bKpts, vii. 1 . dtcpvoeis, vii. 1. o'/cxaXXos, vi. 124. d/crci, iv. 7. d«x^> v 'i- 63. ok^x^i, vi. 63. INDEX. 307 oXpos, vi. 96. 6\r), vii. 34. bXiyos, v. 16. oW|3os, vii. 35. 6'Xiv, vi. 86 + vi. 48. 6\o(pvpofxai, ix. 19 + i.w 15. 6\o(pdil'os, iv. 10 + vi. 38. oXttt], ii. 51. 6\vi>8os, vii. 33. oXvpa, vii. 34. o,uaoos, J. 32. ondfa, ix. 21. 6/j.aX6s, i. 32. 6fj.apT7J, i. 32 + i. 26. o>/3pos, v. 22. 8/j.ripos, i. 32 f i. 26. op-iAo?, i. 32 + ii. 11. 6/u.ixXy, i. 20. d/Lux^u, iii. 25. 8/xvv/jli, ix. 2 1 . o/xotos, i. 32. dfiotcXri, i. 32 + ix. 7. 6/j.jpyvv/jLi, vii. 45. o/xos, i. 32. OfJLTTVT], \'i. 4 7. 6/x(f>aX6s, vi. 78. 6fi(pa^, vii. 45 + x. 1. 6/j.cpri, ix. 21. 6Vap, iii. 31. fiVeiap, vi. 101. oVeiSos, viii. 8. oV0os, viii. 8. oPoVAet'to, vi. 34. 6jn5tid, vi. 94. tipoeiXov, ii. 56. 6porjfj.a, ii. 56. opeaces, vi. 23. bpeyu, vi. 94. bp(Lxa*XKOS, vi. 131 + vi. 129. dpiaKoios, vi. 23 + iii. 8. opecxcts, iii. 2. opei'S, v. 9. dpa'w, ii. 13. opex^e'w, vi. 94. opdayw, iii. 2. opdayopiaKos, vi. S3 + i\.i>. 6pdaTTTov, vii. 13 + vii. 42. 6p#js, vi. 24. o'pflpo?, vi. 83. dplyavov, viii. 19. 6p ktittjs, vi. 23 + iii. 9. o'pivSa, vi. 23 + vi. 101. bpivw, vi. 83. bpiris, vi. 131. opKos, vi. 97. op/cwos, vii. 30+ vii. 20. op/xevos, vi. S3. 6pp. 77, vi. 83. bp/xid, ii. 22. op/ncvov, iii. 2 + viii. 20. 6'pp.os, ii. 22. Vs. v. 13 + v. 29. 6pwfiL, vi. 83. bpofios, ii. 53. bpbba/xvos, vi. 88. dpoOvvu), vi. 83. bpo/j.a.1, ii. 13. 6'pos, ii. 13. opos, vi. 23. dpos, v. 6. opoi/w, vi. 83. oppos, ii. 16. bppbs, v. 6. bppwbiw, vii. 1. dpcoAoTros, vi. S3 + vii. 38. opuos, vi. 24. opraXis, vi. 83. 6'pTi»|, ix. 13 + ix. 3. dptfa, ii. 12. bpvyubs, ix. 15. opi'fa, vi. 23. opii/UcrySds, ix. 15 + ix. 21. opvi;, vii. 30. bpvaau, vii. 30. bpcpavb'S, iv. 17. bpcpvbs, ii. 53. bpcpbs, ii. 53. 6'pxap.oy, vi. 89. opxaTos, ii. 13 ; vi. 94. opxeofiaL, v. 1 6. bpxlXos, v. 16. opxu, iii. 2. opxos, vi. 94. 6s, i. 5 ; viii. 5. oaios, vi. 116. dcTKaTTTU, vii. 7. oa-pLrj, viii. 16. 6'cros, i. 5 + vi. 36. 6j7rpiop, vi. 68. 308 INDEX. 6, iv. 5. ou, viii. 5. otfa, v. 25. oi)d, xi. 4. otW, xi. 4. o'dap.6s, iv. 5 + i. 5. oi'Sas, vi. 71. ovBos, vi. 71. ovddiv, ii. 36. ovdap, vi. 34. ot'/c, iv. 5. ovXai, vii. 34. ouXa/xds, ii. 11. ovXr/, ii. 11. otfXio?, iv. 1 0. ovXis, x. 7. oiiXov, x. 7. oCXos, ii. 11 ; iii. 1. ov\ic, ii. 11. odv, vi. 34. oi)pd, ii. 1 6. ovpavbs, ii- 13. ovpeus, v. 9. cvpia, v. 9. ovpiaxos, ii. 10 + i. 1. oftpov, v. 9. oupos, ii. 13 ; vi. 23 ; viii. 12. ovp6s, vii. 27. oCs, ix. 27. oiVi'a, iii. 17. oi'rdw, vii. 25. oCtos, i. 3. ot)x', iv. 5. 6(pei\w, vi. IS. <30eXXw, vi. 18. 6 vi. 63. 6x"os, vi. 63. 6xos, vi.. 63.. oxi'pj?, v i. 63. 6'i/vvi. 1HS; ix. 2. tye, iii.. 26. S^oj/, x. 21. irayls, ii. 35. 7T!X70S, i. 19. 7ra7X") ''• 33 + vi. 67. -rraidv, iii. 22. irairjcov, iii. 22. 7rcu7raXdw, v. 10. 7rcu7raX?;, i. 1 5. wanraXXio, v. 10. 7rai7raX6eis, vii. 28. 7rcus, vi. 38. irai(pacuos, i. 12. 7raXdcr; ii..33 + vi. 1 17. 7raiep.os, viii. 5. wdv8rjp, vii. 41. Trcma, x. 1. Trai'ds, x. I. Trai'ToSaTris, ii. 33 + vi. 60. irdvv, ii. 33 + vi. 67. Trdvvaoa. ii. 30 + ii. 32. Trd^, i. 19. irdopai, ii. 35. travai, xi. 6. 7ra7r7raj. vi. 38. 7rd7T7ros, vi. 38. Tra7T7atVa), ii. 33 + vi. 1?8. irdirvpos (Egyptian), ii.l 7. Tra-pd, i. 1 3. TrapdaKos, iii. 2. TrdpoaXis, vii. 41. irapeid, i. 13 + X. 24. TrapifCov, i. 13 + x. 24. Trapr]opos, i. 13 + n. 2 . wapdevos, vi. 14. nappy, ii. 17. irdpvof, ix. 15 + ix. 2. irdpoidev, vi. 20 + i. 1. Trapoirepos, vi. 20. 7rdpos, vi. 20. irapuv, vi. 20. 7rdpajos, vi. 117. 7ras, ii. 33. Trafffxa, i. 15. 7racr7rdX?;, i. 15. 7rdcrcraXo$, vi. 40. INDEX. 309 Trairati), i. 15. 7rai;, ii. 14. weXwp, vi. 15. TretiTrd^w, iv. 6, Tre/j.Tre, iv. 6. TrejULTTto), V. 23. TTf/J-CptS, vi. 44. Trefj.rppn5iby, ix. 23 + ix. 13 + ix. 5. irevT]?, vii. 26. rrevdepjs, ii. 33. Trevofxai, vii. 26, Trevre, iv. 6. Wos, vi. 40. TT€TT€pl, X. 2. TreTrXis, ii. 15, irt'TrXos, ii. 15. iriwpuTai, vi. 20. iriirTO], iii. 26- TriTrwv, iii. 2*i. xep, vi. 20. 7repa, vi. 20. Trepaivw, vi. 20. wepaLo(ji, vi. 20. wepav, vi. 20. vepas, vi. 20. jrepdu, vi. 20. 7re'p5i£, ix. 13 + ix. 3. Trdpdu, viii. 10. wepdw, iv. 14. 7re/K, ii. 16 ; vi. 20. wepiypa, ii. 16 + vii. 3. TrepLrjfieKT^u}, vi. 20 + vii. 45. 7j-fpcf, ii. 16 + i. i. irepLppiKlaes, ii. 16 + ii. 48. irepippr]dris, ii. 16 + ii. 56. 7repi, ii. 21. iriTvqp.1, iv. 15. Tra-Ta/aoi', i. 12. Trirra^is, i. 18. 7TlTll\0S, vi. 40. iriTvpov, vii. 41 + vii. 28. Trims, i. 18. TritpaucrKW, vi. 115. 7TIWI', VI. 38. 7r\d77os, i. 15. 7r\ay7ii>i', i. 14. 7r\a7ios, ii. 1 I. Tr\a-)os, ii. 11. irXaoapus, iii. 1. -7rXd5cos, ii. 14. ttX&Sos, iii. 1. TrXdi'to, v. 10. 7rXd0at'OJ', i. 12. Tr\aivcaw, viii. 12. 7r6\-a, i. 5 + vi. 8. TToXf/UOS, v. 10. irdXtpuvLov, viii. 10 + vi 35. ttoXelo, ii. 14. 7toXcjs, i. 15. TrJXis, ii. 15. 7r6Xos, ii. 14. ttoXtos, iii. 1. TToXurjpos, vi. 15 + vi. 83. 7roXus, vi. 15. TroX(p6s, iii. 1. Trop, i. 15. lIo6, vi. 20. TrpbfiaTov, vi. 20 + vi. 40. 7rpo£, vi. 108. 7rpocrcrop:ai, vi. 108. ■n-pbica, vi. 20+ vi. 8. JlpOKVT], v. 9 + v. 1. TrpbKpis, vii. 28. TTpiKwva, vii. 28. TrpofivrjaTivoL, vi. 20 + i. 2. Trp6/j.os, vi. 20. 7rpo£, v. 9 -(-v. 1. 7rp6s, vi. 20. Tvpoarjvqs, vi. 20 + ii. 32. ■n-pdade, vi. 20 + i. 1. Trpbcnraios, vi. 20 + v. 23. irpbtju, vi. 20. irpjcrcpaTos, vi. 20 + vi. 39. irpori, vi. 20 + i. 1. TrpovyeXiui, v. 9 + v. 4. vpovfxvov, iii. 2. TrpovcreXew, v. 9 + v. 7. Trp6(ppa vi- 20 + ii. 6. TrpvXis, v. 9. irpvfivbs, vi. 17. 7rpt/7-aeis, vi. 20. TrpLOTjv, vi. 20 + vi. 37. Trpw'/', vi. 20. wpwKTos, ii. 16 + ii. 9. TTpdli;, iii. 2. Trpwirepvai, vi. 20. irpwpa., vi. 20. Trratw, vi. 40. ■7rraKi(T/j.6s, v. 19. TTTappv/xL, viii. 9. TrrAas, v. 19. TTreXia, ii. 33. irrepls, v. 19. irripva, vi. 40. Trrepvis, ii. 17. Trrepvi!;, vi. 40. Tvrepbv, v. 19. tttlKov, v. 19. tttiXos, vii. 41. 7TT[V£, v. 19. TTTwcrcru), v. 19. 7TTWX 15. peo?7, ii. 56. pejw, i. 25 ; vi peOos, ii. 56. pela, iii. 34. pe/j.(iiA), ii. 52. pifj.(pos, ii. 52. uenoj, iii. 32. pew, v. 6 ; ix. 14. prjyptiv, iv. G. priyvvfu, iv. G. ptfa, i. 25. pTjy, iii. 20. pTjcrcrw, vii. 30. prjTivT), iii. '24.. p7]Tt')i, ix. 14. prjTpa, ix. 14. pr/os, vii. 30. pifa, vi. 23. piKvos, vii. 30. pLfAipa., v. 15. piV, viii. 18. (jt^i), vii. 32. pwos, ii. 57. piov, vi. 83. pLir-f), v. 15. pivTU), V. 15. pianos, ii. 49. pt'i/', ii. 52. pod, vi. 135. poyos, vi. 89. poSapwos, vi. 88. po5di'T7, ii. 56. pooafos, ii. 56. pudov, viii. 19. p60os, vii. 32 ; ix. 19. poids, vi. 135. poifioeu, x. 15. p6l(B5os, ix. 19. polios, ix. 19. Poik6s, ii. 48. p6uo£, ii. 52. p6uos, ii. 52. fjopLcpala, ii. 52. popKpevs, ii. 52. poiraXov, iii. 32. jjliirrpov, iii. 32. poDs, vi. 135. povaios, v. 14. povae\ivoi>, vi. 135 + iii. 18. pcxpeto, x. 15. pox avov i vi'- 30. pox^os, ix. 15. pt''7X 0S > i x - 15. pt'/jw, ix. 15. pvd/j.6s, v. 6. pvxavT}, vii. 30. pv/n^os, ii. 52. pi'/tMJ, v. 6 ; vii. 36. pvp.os, vii. 36. pvop.ai, ii. 53. pVTros, i. 24 ; v. 15. pvirrw, i. 24. pvocbs, ii. 56. pt'T?j, vii. 32. pvrts, ii. 56. pirrov, vii. 32. pv, ii. 52. pallidas, vi. 90. pu-Stos, ix. 119. pwdwv, viii. 19. piovvvpu, vi. 90. puii;, iii. 2. p(iio/.tai, v. 6. pi2>7ros, i. 24. pw^, ii. 52. -s, i. 9. era, i. 5. aafiaKos, iii. 14. crafiapixv, ii'- 14. Gay&Trrjvov, vii. 4S + i. 1 8. aayrj, ii. 29. cra.YTji'i?, ii. 29. cr dYos, ii. 29. o-dtf??, vi. 72. cradpos, iii. 17. cratyw, v. 27. crcupw, iv. 18 ; vii. 13. cd/cKos, ii. 29 ; vii. 8. o-aKos, ii. 29. caKras, ii. 2'.' ; vi. 63. Spa, ii. 22 4- ii. 38. cdXos, v. 7. crdX7r?7, ii. 22. o-d\7rt7£, ii. 22 + ii. 32; ix. 3 + ix. 8. aapua.pi.xVi iii- 14. aafx^akov, iv. 8. eaptfipixv, i'i- 14. cdjui/'t'xo!', viii. 20 + viii. 12. cdvSaXoi', iv. 8. cavoap&KT), vi. 132 + vi. 137 + vi. 124. crdvoi/^, vi. 132. cam, iv. 8. crdwas, v. 27. aawiof, v. 27. aavraXov, iv. 8. caow, vi. 104. caTre'pOTjs, x. 19. cra7rep5i's, x. 19. aairpbs, iii. 14. CaTTO)!', i. 15. cdpa 7ns, vi. 131. aapy&vr), ii. 22. cap76s, ii. 22. capodfa;, iv. 18. cdpica, vii. 14. cap!;, vi. 81. capos, vii. 13. oapuv, iv. 18. cdcai, iii. 17. aarivr], iii. 17. cdrra), vi. 71. cdrupos, vii. 13. cai>K6s, vii. 8. caCXos, v. 3. aavvLop, vi. 80. 7js, vi. 130. cox^os, vii. 8. cdw, vii. 48. afiivvvpu, iii. 14. -ce, i. 1. cre($4i>iov, ii. 25. c((/3w, vi. 107. cei'p, vi. 131. aeipa, ii. 22. INDEX. 313 adpios, vi. 131. aetp js, vi. 131. cm'w, v. 3. aeXayea, vi. 131. aeXas, vi. 131. creXaxos, vi. 131. aeX-qvrj, vi. 131. itAuw, iii. 18. aeXls, i. 12. aeXXu, v. 7. aeX/j.a., i. 12. ce/tuoaXis, vii. IS + vii. 40. ae/nvos, vi. ] 07. crepa7rtds, vi. 131. cr^pis, vii. 14. aepKpos, vii. 14. a4p/3os, vii. 13. alXovpos, vii. 13 -(-ii. 16. aiXrpr], viii. 21. aX/x6s, vii. 7. GKaXoxp, vii. 7. wpr), vii. 7. aKeod.vvvp.1, iv. 8. aKedpjs, vi. 63. , vi. 63. aKTjpliTTu, vi. 63+ iii. 32. aKrjpos, vi. 8. cr/ad, ii. 29. (TK^-yOS, v. 2. OKidvapat, iv. 8. ffKiXXa, iv. 8. aKip.a,Xl£to, vi. 112. aKip.j3dfa, ii. 28. aKip.(B6s, ii. 2d. aKipirovs, ii. 28. aKipiTTU), ii. 28. ffKtva^, v. 2. aKivap, v. 2. ff/aj^dpios, v. 2. cr/aVoapos, vi. 112. aKivoai/3, viii. 7. tr/cwi/', ii. 29 + vi. 118. o-p.apa.yoos, vi. 121. Gpapayew, ix. 25. Gpapdyva, ix. 25. Gp.apiXrj, vi. 121. apapis, v. 3. ayxdw, vii. 18. o~p,epba\4os, vii. 45. 0~p.7JVOS. v. 3. op.r)piy^, ii. 42 + ii. 32. o-p.r]piv6os, ix. 3. Gp.y\x w i v 'i- 18. ap-LKpos, vii. 18. apuXa^, ii. 40. GpiXrj, vii. 17. crpuXos, ii. 40. ap.ivdos, vii. 17. (TyUtei's, vii. ] 7. (T/xoios, ii. 25. crp-vyepos, vi. 33. o~p.vpa.iva, ii. 42. apLvpis, vii. 18. Gp.vpva, viii. 20. cruOpos, ii. 42. o-p.vXw, vii. 18. o>itD(5i£, vii. 18 + vii. 24. ffp.(bvq, viii. 16. cr/xws, viii. 16. o-p.thxu, vii. 18. cro/3e'w, v. 3. 0-0/37/, vii. 15. 067x05, vii. 7. aoXoiKos, v. 7. ff6Xos, v. 7. GopXos ) ii. 27 + ii. IS. CTTopds, iv. 12. GTrvpaOos, ii. 27. 0-77-i'pds, ii. 27. Girvpdifa, v. 3. aiTvpis, ii. 27. GTrvpbi, vii. 1 4. o-rd5ior, i. 29. INDEX. 31.") (TTadios, i. 29. ordfa, iii. 1 7. o~Tadepos, i. 29. aradevoj, vi. 128. <7raO/j.js, i. 29. area's, i. 24. oraXdw, iii. 1 7. ardXi^, vi. 71. , ix. 17. crrepyafos, viii. 9. ffrepyw, iii. 13. tTTtpe/j.i'ios, i. 29. arepeos, i. 29. crept u, iv. 19. arepupos, i. 29. erepvov, vi. 9. arepopLai. iv. 19. arepoirrj, vi. 128. arepcpivos, i. 29. crepcpos, ii. 21. 7-o, vi. 106. , ii. 22. ar^os, vi. 9. cti']\7), vi. 71. ffTTjp.wv, i. 29 + ii. 3S. (TTjJiua, ix. 17. OT7)vioV, Vi. 9. crTijpi'fw, i. 29. ffrrjTrj, vi. 58. o-7-ia, i. 29. T7)s, ix. 24 + vi. 39. di'Kdpui'os, x. 12. OTK'5, X. 12. crvKOfMopos, x. 12 + ii. 43. (7VK0V, X. 12. tri'Xdw, iv. 18. (rw, i. 31. auvriopos, i. 31 + ii. 22. crvvupis, i. 31+ii. 22. crvojSawos, ix. 24 + iii. 27. avpa, vii. 13. crvp(3r), v. 6 ; vii. 13. os, vii. 13, 14. ou'pw, vii. 13. cOs, ix. 24. ffLHpai;, X. 19 + x. 1. cicpap, ii. 25. crux^cis, vi. 71. , v. 3. enpdj'w, vii. 17. 6yyos, iii. 14. , i. 4. Li>, i. 4. crxaSwi/, ii. 29. trxaj"^, iii- 10 ; iv. 8. ff^aX/s, iv. S. aX affr VP> i'- 29. (TxeSTj, iv. 8. trxeciia, iv. 8. (7Xxw, vii. 8. Td/3Xa, i. 33. rayyus, viii. 18. rdyqvov, iii. 16. Ta7i'pi, vii. 24. rcuWa, vi. 57. raXa^7rwpos, vi. 12 + vi. 20. rdXa^TOf, vi. 12. rdXa/ios, ii. 1 8. raXdcnoj, ii. 18. raXavpivos, vi. 12 + vii. 27. rdXaj, vi. 12. raXi?, iiL 12. Tap.[as, iv,. 2. T&f.ucros, i. 34. to>, i. 4. raea-, vi. 57. ravabs, vi. 57. Tarai;-, vi. 57. Tai'eFa, vi. 57. ravrfKeyrjS, vi. 57 + vii. 31. ravdaXvfa, v. 26 + v. 7- Tavdapvfa, v. 26 + v. 11. rai'L'-, vi. 57. tcwo;, vi. 57. rd^os, ii. 28. ra.Treivos, vi. 60. rd7T7;s, vi. 60. rapavdos, v.. 11. rapdcnrw, v.. 1 1. rdpjSos, v. 11. Tapyaivw, v. 11. rapy&vrj, ii. 22. Tdpix os i vii- i3. rapp.ufap.ai, v. 11 + i. 28. Tapiravri, ii. 20, Tapaos, i. 12 ; ii. 20. raprapifa, v. 11. rdprapos, v. 1 1 . Taprpvs, vi. 11. -nipx 7 ?, v. 11. rdpx°s> ii- 21. rams, vi. 57. rdcrcrw, i. 33. rdra, vi. 58. TariKbs, iii. 1 1. rarvpas, ix. 4. raupos. i. 29. raus, vi. 53. raCs. vi. 53. tcuVios, v. 17. Td vi- 53. reiws, i. 3 + vi. 36. reKfiap, vi. 126 + iv. 16. T€KVOV, vi. 53. tektui/, vi. 53. reXap.wv, ii. 18 + ii. 38. TeXjSoo, v. 7. reXeOu, vi. 13. reXerrj, vi. 13. reXew, vi. 1 3. reXXj], ii. 19. TeXXa>, vi. 13. TeXfxa, iii. 12. reXos, vi. 13. reXuov, vi. 13. rep.axos, iv. 2. repevos, iv. 2. ripvw, iv. 2. reecryos, iii. 16. Tevdw, x. 3. revdpri rpexu, ii. 20. t/^w, v. 11. rp-qpwv, ix. 4. Tprjxvs, vii. 13. TpiaKovra, i. 3 + iv. 7. Tpipu). vii. 39. rpiyXa, i.-3 + vi. 3. Tptr/klfa, ix. 4+ix. 7. Tpifw, ix. 4. Tpn)prjs, i. 3 + i. 26. TpiVa£, i. 3 + vii. 20. rpi^ds, i. 3 + iv. 6. rpts, i. 3. Tp/x a » i- 3 + iv. 11. rpixds, i x - 4. TpLxopavt's, vi. 9 + ii. 38. TpoiraWis, ii. 20 + ii. 10. -rpoi', vi. 9. r pain's, vi. 11. Tpo, vii. 39. rpvw, vii. 39. Tpibyht), vii. 39. Toibyo}, x. 3. rtf, i. 4. Ti^dw, vi. 53. tu£, i. 5. tvk&vt], vii. 24. 7i''/cos, vi. 53. Ti'Xds, ix. 4. Ti'/X?;, vi. 10. Tt'/Xos, vi. 10. rvpfios, vi. 75. twt;, i. 4 + viii. 1 . tl'wos, iii. 11. twtXos, iii. 15. T(57rai'0i', vi. 74. Ti57rraj, vi. 74. Tvpavvos, vi. 1 1 . Tvpfiri, v. 11. rvpos, vi. 1 1 . rvpffis, ii. 21. Ti'rdi'')?, vii. 24. tvtOos, iii. 11. Tti0eoaiw, iii. IE. TlKpT], vi. 60. rv v i- 53. ti''xos, vi. 53. ruddfa, iii. 1 1. -ra;p, vi. 9. riis, i. 3 + i. 9. udiavdos, vi. 120 + vi. 58. flaXos, vi. 117. i>/36s, vi. 77. uppis, ix. 1. fySpts, v. 3. vyirjS, vi. 51. vypbs, iii. 28. iWw, ix. 2. vdve'w, vi. 34. -vovT], vi. 34. i/Scov, vi. 34. iioos, iii. 27. i)3pa, iii. 2 7. i'3wp, iii. 27. v$\os, ix. 2. vlos, vi. 80. uiuwos, vi. 80. iiXdoj, ix. 20. i"X?/, vi. 81. u\ia, vi. 18. t'Xt'fw, vii. 4. up.e5r), vii. 26. vTrrip^rris, vi. 62 + v. 13. i7rt(rx»'fo / u,at, vi. 62 + vi. 63. i)7r^o?, iii. 14. iV6, vi. 62. iwodpa, vi. 62 + vi. 12'i. inroKpivofiai, vi. 62 + iv. 9. vTroXa'is, vi. 62 + ix. 20. VTTTLOS, \i. 62. i'pd£, ii. 12. i"pa£, vii. 14. vpiffos, ii. 12. iipoj'. ii. 12. vppls, ii. 12. vprdvri, ii. 13. vpTrjp, iii. 2. iJpX'?, ii- 49 ; iv. 14. 5s, ix. 24. iVoos, vi. 73. vctkXos, ii. 29. vcrKvda, viii. 7 + ix. 24. VCTfllvr), i. 6. ii(T7rX?77£, ii. 32 + ii. 14. vair\r)$, ii. 32 + ii. 14. INDEX. 319 OiT(Toko>, \i. 80 + ii. 29. ircraos, vii. 25. iiaTtpa, vi. 80 + vi. 9. verepos, ii. 16. iJffTpi$, vii. 25 + vi. 9. utrxXos, ii. 29. vfpaivo], ii. 37. v0os, ii. 7. u0os, vi. 62. i'w. iii. 27. (ptxyeiv, x. 1. (pa.edu, vi. 1 1 5. 6os, vii. 28. (paXapis, vi. 15 ; vi. 117. (paXapos, vi. 117. (pdXi), vi. 15. , i. 15 + i. 20. (papa's, ii. 17. (pdpaos, iv. 14. , i. 18. (pdeipu, iii. 26. (pdivai, iii. -6. 00ot;, iii. 26. 0flots, x. 1 ; x. 9. (pdbvos, viii. 9. (pOvfa, viii. 9. -0i, i. 8. , vii. 28. (pX(yp.a, i. 15. (pXeytd, vi. 117. (pXeawf, vi. ] 5. fj.os, iii. 1. 0o/3r7, vii. 26. 06/3os, vii. 29. (polios, vi. 115. (polvq, x. 9. , vi. 4-!. (pi'alKiWos, vi. 4 3. wK(xiva, viii. 12. K7), viii. 12. (pwKis, vi. 48. w\is, ii. 15. ?X77, ii. 2. XV^os, ii. 2. XW. iv - !!• X^, ix. 8. Xyvv^t i v - 11. X?fc, vii. 3. Xripap.6s, iv. 9. X^pa0is, iv. 9 + iv. 6. X%>os, iv. 9. X^ros, iv. 11. X0afxa\6s, vi. 111. XJ\ vii. 12. xXaTca, ii. 2. xXo/xi''S, ii. 2. xXan's, ii. 2. xXapus, vi. 6. XX«'?7, viii. 7. INDEX. S 321 xXvJSos, i. 23. X'WiVw, iii. 6. xXiS?), iii. 6. XXi'w, iii. 6. X^ba, vi. 2. X\oi'/j'7;s, vi i. 2. xXoms, vii. 2. XXom/d?, vi. 129. xXwpos, vi. 2. Xva-vu, vii. 5. X^o^, vii. 6. X^oos, iii. 21. -X°> -Xov, -X ', X 7 ?, '• 1. Xooos, viii. 7. X077, v. i. XoiV<£, ii. 6. Xoipds, vii. 1. Xoipos, vii. 3. Xo\<:8pa, vii. 2. Xo\tpa, vii. 2. X0X77, vii. 2. XoXtf, ii. 1. XoXos, vii. 2. XovdplWri, i. 23. Xovdpos, i. 23 ; vii. 6. Xop8a\po$, ii. 3 + i. 8. Xop5?7, ii. 3. X^pt-ov, ii. 4. Xop6s, ii. 4. Xopros, vi. 6. Xpaipw, i. 23. Xpalap.7), vi. 4. Xpcvcj, vii. 1. ^paw, vi. 4 ; vii. 1. Xpeia, vi. 4. Xptp-V*, viii. 7. Xpep-lfa, ix. 6. Xpep.TTTop.ai, viii. 7. Xptp-vs, viii. 7. Xp^os, vi. 4. Xpew, vi. 4. XP^> vi. 4. XPWa, vi. 4. Xp'i-P-tttw, i. 23. Xpi'w, i. 23. Xp6a, i. 23. Xpbp.a5os, ix. G. Xpbms, viii. 7. Xpo^os, vi. 8. Xpvo-aWis, vi. 129 + ii. 1 0. Xpvo-6s, vi. 129. Xp^vuvp.i, i. 23. Xpws, i. 23. Xi/X6s, v. 1. X l >a, v. 1. Xvpbs, v. 1. XiJrXoj', v. 1. X^X6s, v. 1. X&vos, v. 1. X^vvvpt, vi. 66. X&op.ai, v. 1. Xu>pe'w, ii. 4. X<2p(, -pis, iv. 9. X&pos, ii. 4. i/'aoapos, vii. 41. i/'doios, vi. 40. \J/acop6s, vii. 41. \{/aii>vi~w, viii. 12. ipaivvdos, v. 20 + v. 17. \paip03, v. 20 ; vii. 41. yj/alu, vii. 41. xpaKaKov, vii. 41. ipaKas, vii. 41. l/'aXdctrw, vii. 41. xj/dXiov, ii. 16. i/'aXij, ii. 16 ; v. 20 ; vii. 41. i/'dXXw, vii. 41. \fdpados, vii. 41. xj/dppos, vii. 41. ^dp, ix. 3. i/'apos, i. 15. \pavKpos, v. 20 + v. 32. ipauw, vii. -11. \j/a6eu, vi. 40. aWaeoj, v. 1. wKipov, viii. IS. aViiy, v. 1. wXa£, vii. 27. x/»s, vi. 124 + vi. l'J9. &$, vi. 118. LATIN. a- v. 25. ;ib, abs, iv. 6. abacus, i. 12. abamita, iv. 6 + i. 7. abavus, iv. 6 + i. 8. abdo, iv. 6 + i. 1. abdomen, vi. 40 + vi. 60. abies, i. 18. abiga, i. 18. aboleo, iv. 6 + vi. 86. abulia, ii. 15. absque, iv. 6 + iv. 8. absteniius, iv. 6 + v. 33. ac, i. 1 + i. 5. accendo, i. 1 + vi. 134. accipiter, ii. 9+ii. 17. aceo, vii. 3. acer, vii. 3. acer, vii. 3. acerbus, vii. 3. acerra, viii. 19: acervus, vi. 1. acidus, vii. 3. acies, vii. 3. acinus, vii. 10. acipenser, ii. 9 + v. 18. aclassis, ii. 6 + ii. 2. aclis, vii. 4. acnua, acna, iv. 7. aconitum, vii. 5. acredula, ix. 6 + ix. i. acrocorium, vi. 1. actus, iv. 7. actutum, vi. 63 + vi. 57. aculeus, vii. 4. acus, ii. 4. acus, vii. 3. ad, i. 1. adagium, i. 1 + ix. 10. adarca, iii. 13. adeps, vi. 60. adipiscor, i. 1 + vi. 45. adminiculum, i. 1 + vi. 35. adolesco, i. 1 + vi. 86. ador, vi. 58. adrumo, i. 1+ix. 15. adulor, i. 1 +ii. 10. adulter, i. 1 + i. 5 + vi. 9. aides, vi. 133. ajger, xi. 2. semidum, vi. 70. temulus, i. 9. sequus, i. 9. tera, vi. 83. ano, ii. 12. ajrumna, vii. 37. scs, vi. 137. ajsculus, vii. 7. ajstas, vi. 133. aastimo, viii. 5 + vi. 13. sestus, vi. 133. tetas, v. 24. reternus, v. 24+vi. 9. sevum, v. 24. affatim, i. 1 — f- iii. 26. agaso, v. 1+vi. 108. ager, vi. 63. agina, vi. 63. agna, vii. 3. agnus, iii. 21. ago, vi. 63. agrifolia, vii. 3 + vi. 15. aio, ix. 10. ala, ii. 40. alacer, v. 16. alapa, vi. 5. alaternus, vii. 33. alausa, ii. 50. albucus, ii. 50 + ii. 34. albueliSj ii. 50 4-ii. 10. alijunmm, vi. 136 + ii. 13. albus, vi. 136. alcedo, v. 16 + v. 24 + v. IS. alces, v. 16. alcibium, ii. 46 + ii. 37. alea, v. 12. alec, x. 17. alga, ii. 46. algeo, vii. 31. alica, vii. 31. alicula, ii. 47. aliquis, i. 5. alius, i. 5. aliuta, i. 5 + i. 9. allium, x. 17. alums, vi. 86. alnus, ii. 54. alo, vi. 86. Alpes, vi. 96. alter, i. 5 + vi. 9. altercum, vii. 33. altus, vi. 87. alucinor, v. 12. alucita, vii. 31. alumen, vii. 31. aluta, ii. 55. alveus, ii. 50. alvus, ii. 5 it. amnrus, vii. 45. ambi, ii. 44. aiiibu, i. 8. ambiices, ii. 44 + iii. 2. auobubeja, v. 22 + vi. 48. ambnlo, v. 22. amellus, vi. 121. amentum, vi. 82 + ii. 38. aines, vi. 82 + ii. 38. amicio, ii. 6 + ii. 35. amicus, viii. 2. INDEX. 323 ainita, i. 7. amnacum, iii. 5. amnis, v. 22. amo, viii. 2. amoenus, viii. 2. ampins, vi. 78. ampulla, vi. 78. amtruo, ii. 44 + v. 11. amussis, J. 11. an, i. 5. an-, ii. 6. anas, v. 29. ancile, ii. 6 + ii. 2. ancilla, vi. 98. anclo, vi. 98. ancumilente, v. 27. andabata, iv. 4 + vi. 127 + vi. 40. andruo, vi. 110 + v. 11. anethum, viii. 18 + viii. 16. angiportus. i. 10 + vi. 20. ango, vii. 21 ; \iii. 1. anguis, ii. 5. angulus, ii. 9. angustus, i. 10. anhelo, viii. 1 + viii. 15. anima, viii. 1. animus, viii. 1. annona, vi. 101 + vi. 34. annotinus, vi. 37 + vi. 67. annulus, ii. 6. annuo, i. 1 +-ii. 6. annus, vi. 57. ansa, vi. 82. anser, ix. 8. antse, vi. 110. antarius, vi. 110. ante, vi. 1 10. anted, vi. 110 + i. 1. antenna, vi. 82 + vi. 57. antes, vi. 110. antire, vi. 110. anticus, vi. 110 +i. 1. antiquus, vi. 110 + vi. 8. antroare, vi. 110 + ix. 15. anus, iii. 17. anus, vi. 37. ape, vi. 40. aper, vii. 27. aperio, iv. 6 + ii. 17. apex, vii. 19. apexabo, vii. 19 + vi. 40. apis, vii. 41. apiscor, vi. 45. apium, x. 21. apluda, ii. 15. aplustre, ii. 15. appareo, i. 13; vi. 117. appello, i. 1 +ix. 13. apricus, vi. 117. aprilis, vi. 117. apronia, ii. 16. aproxis, ii. 16. apruco, ii. 16. aptus, i. 8. apud, i. 8 + i. 1. aqua, v. 25 + v. 1. aquifolius, vii. 3 + vi. 15. aquila, v. 25 + v. 23 + v. 13. aquilo, vii. 2. aquilus, i. 23. ara, iii. 17. aranea, iii. 19. arbilla, vi. 90. art liter, vi. 117. arbor, vi. 90. arbutus, vi. 90 + ii. 32. area, ii. 49. arceo, ii. 49; vi. 109. arcesso, vi. 9 4. arctus, vi. 109. arcus, ii. 4S. ardea, ix. 19. ardeo, vi. 137. arduus, vi. 83. area, iv. 14. arena, vii. 34. are", vii. 34. argentum, vi. 122. argilla, i. 2:J. arguo. vi. 122. aries, iii. 2. arista, vii. 1. arma, i. 26. armentum, i. 26. armus, i. 20. aro, vii. 37. arrugia, i. 1 + vii. 30. ars, i. 26. artus, i. 26. arum, ii. 56. arundo, ii. 56 + ii. 32. arvina, vi. 90. arvum, vii. 37. arx, ii. 49. as, iv. 7. ascia, vii. 7. asilus, vii. 14. asio, vi. 82. asper, vii. 18. asser, vL 82. assir, v. 25 + v. 6. asso, vii. 2 + astur, ix. 4. ,-istus, viii. 5. astutus, viii. 5. ast, at, vi. 59. atanuvium, ii. 24. atavus, vi. 59 + i. 8. ater, ii. 21. atque, i. 1 + i. 5. atriplex, ii. 20 + ii. 14. atrium, ii. 21. atrox, vii. 39. -atrus, vi. 9. atrusca, iii. 13. atta, vi. 58. attegrare, i. 1 +iii. 16. attilus, v. 7. attiuse, i. 1 + vi. 57. auceo, vi. 120. auctio, vi. 50. auctor, vi. 50. auctumnus, vi. 50 + vi. 57. audeo, xi. 3. audio, ix. 27. augeo, vi. 50. augur, v. 23 + vi. 4. augustus, vi. 108. aumatium, ii. 44. aura, viii. 12. aurea. ii. 12. auriga, ii. 12 + vi. 63. auris, ix. 27. aurora, vi. 116. aurum, vi. 117. ausculto, ix. 27. auster, vi. 116. aut, i. 5. autem, i. 5. autumo, ix. 2. 324 INDEX. auxi'inm, vi. 50. auxilla, ii. 35. avarus, xi. 3. avena, ii. 33. aveo, xi. 3. A vermis, ii. 16. averrunco, iv. 6 + ii. 12. avis, v. 25 + v. 23. avunculus, i. 8. avus, i. 8. axainenta, ix. 10. axare, ix. 10. axilla, ii. 9. axis, ii. 9 ; v. 1 ; vil 9. bacar, ii. 34. bacca, x. 1. bacillnm, vi. 40. bacrio, ii. 34. bacnlnm, vi. 40. badius, vi. 118. bajulus, vi. 40. balasna, vi. 15. balatro, ix. 13. balbus, ix. 13. baliolus, i. 15. l.nllo, v. 10. balneum, vii, 28. balo, ix. 13. halteus, ii. 15-. barba, vii. 28. barca, ii. 17. baro, iii. 2. barosus, iii. 2. bamis, vi. 21. ba&ium, ix. 3. basterna, vi. 40. batillum, i. 12. batiola, x. 9. batuu, vi. 40. baubor, ix. 1. basea, ii. 35. bebrinus, x. 2. bellum, vii. 43. bellus, iii. 1 . belua, v. 10. bene, vi. Id2. I mo, vi. 102. berbex, iii. 2 + ix. 1. berula, v. 9. bestia, \ i. 39. beta, iii. 26. betizare, iii. 26. beto, v. 19. betula, vi. 39. betulus, vi. 11 S. -bi, i. 8. bibo, x. 9. bifarius, i. 6 + ii. 16. bigerrica, iii. 2S. bilbo, ix. 13. bilie, vii. 2^. bimus, i. 6 + \ i. 37. bini, i. 6. bis, i. 6. bito, v. 19. bitumen, i 18. blactero, ix. 13. blresus, ix. 13. blandns, iii. 1. blatea, i. 15. blatero, ix. 13. blatta, i. 15 ; x. 2. blitum, iii. 1. boa, ii. 37 ; vi. 4S. bojre, vi. 40. boletus, vi. 15. bonus, vi. 102. borsycites, vi. 1 4 + vi. 1 33. bos, ix. 1. botulus, vi. 40. bovo, ix. 1. bracre, ii. 17. brachiuni, ii. 16. bractea, vi. 117. brassica, vi. 14. bratus, vi. 17. brevis, iii. 2. bria, x. 10. brigantes, ii. 17 + vii. 5. brisa, vii. 45. brochon, iii. 2. brochus, vi. 14. bruscum, vi. 14. brutus, vi. 17. bubinare, vi. 48. bubo, ix. 1. bubulcus, ix. 1 i- ii. 15. bucca, viii. 12. buecina, viii. 12. bucetum, ix. 1 -f- iii. 9. bufo, vi. 48. bugillo, i. IS, bulbus, vi. 15. bulla, vi. 15. bullo, bullio,, vi. 15. burdo, v. 9. buris, vii. 27. burrje, iii. 2. burricus, v. !'. burrus, vi. 117. busticetum, vi. 40 + iii. 9. bustum, vi. 40. buteo, ix. 1. butio, ix. 1. butubatta, ix. 1. buxus, vi. 49. -c, -ce, i. 5. caballus, v. 1. cachinnus, ix. 10. caco, viii. 11. cacula, vi. 114. cacunien, vi. 70. cadaver, iii. 9 + iii. 2. cadmia, vi. 134. cadmitis, vi. 134. eado, iii. 9. cadus, ii. 6. Cfecilia, v. 4 ; vi. 2. cseculto, ii. 29 + vi. 124. ciecus, ii. 29. crecutio, ii. 29. csedo, vii. 11. cjelebs, iv. 10. cselo, vii. 4. caelum, vii. 4. ciepa, viii. 13. cserimonia, vi. 7. CKruleus, vi. 124. csesaries, vi. 67. crcsius, vi. 124. crespes, vi. 67 + vi. 39. ca?stus, ii. 9. cffisullas, vi. 124. calamister, ii. 1. calamitas, iv. 10. calamus, vi. 2. calautica, ii. 2. calces, ii. 2. calceus, ii. 2. calco, vi. 5. calculus, vii. 2. calendar, vi. 8 + vi. 58. caleo, vi. 129. INDEX. 325 caliendrum, ii. 2. caliga, ii. 2. caligo, i. 23. calim, ii. 2. calix, ii. 1. calla, ii. 1. callicia, i. 23 + i. 25. callis, vi. 5. callus, vi. 5. calo, ix. 7. calo, vi. 114. calsa, ii. 1. caltha, vi. 129. calunmia, v. 4. calvor, v. 4. calvus, vii. 2. calx, vi. 5 ; vii. 2. cama, ii. 7. cambio, ii. 7. camella, ii. 7. camera, ii. 7. camillum, ii. 7 ; vi. 111. camillus, vi. 1 11. caminus, ii. 7. cainpagus, ii. 8. campus, i. 32. camurus, ii. 7. canalis, ii. 6. cancelli, ii. 6. cancer, ii. 6 + ii. 3. cancer, ii. 6 + ii. 4. candacus, iii. 21. candeo, vi. 134. candetum, iv. 7 + iii. 9. cania, vii. 5. canica:, ii. 6. canifera, ii. 6+vi. 17. canipa, ii. 6. canis, ix. 8. canistra, ii. 6. cannabis, ii. 6. cano, ix. 8. cantabrum, ii. 6 ; vi. 134. canterius, ii. 6. canus, vi. 134. capedo, ii. 8. caper, v. 1. caper o. ii. 7. capidulum, ii. 8. capillus, ii. 7. capio, ii. 8. capis, ii. 8. capistrum, ii. 8. capitiuin, ii. 8. cappara, x. 2. eapparis, x. 2. caprago, ii. 7. capreida, x. 2. capreolus ii. 7. caprificus, x. 2 + vi. 48. capronae, ii. 7. capsa, ii. 8. capula, ii. 8. caput, vi. 77. carabus, ii. 4. carbas, vii. 1. car bo, vii. 1. career, ii. 4. cardo, ii. 3. carduelis, ix. 6. carduus, vii. 3. careo, iv. 9. carex, vii. 3. caries, vii. 1. carina, ii. 4. carlno, viii. 7. carlno ? ii. 4. carmen, ix. 11. carnifex, v. 6 + vii. 19. caro, vii. 1. caro, v. 6. carota, vii. 3. carpentum, vi. 4 + vi. 40. carpinus, vi. 1. carpo, ii. 4. carpus, ii. 3. carrus, vi. 4. cartibulum, vi. 4. cartilago, i. 23 + vi. 92. carus, vi. 7. casa, ii. 9. cascus, vi. 65. caseus, x. 4. casmillus, vi. 111. casnar, vi. 65+ viii. 3. casses, ii. 9. cassis, ii. 9. cassus, iv. 9. castellum, ii. 9. casteria, iii. 9. castigo, vi. 134. castro, vii. 9. castrum, ii. 9. castula, ii. 9. castus, vi. 134. catamitus, iii. 9 4- iii. 5. catax, ii. 6. catena, ii. 6. caterva, i. 22. eatinus, i. 22. catta, x. 4. catulus, x. 4. catus, viii. 4. catus, x. 4. cauda, vii. 15. caudex, vi. 70. caulae, ii. 5. eaulifl, vi. 2. caupo, iv. 20. caupulus, ii. 7. caurus, vii. 1 . causa, vi. 67. cautes, vii. 11. caveo, ii. 5. caverna, ii. 5 + ii. 57. cavilla, v. 1. cavus, ii. 5. -ce, i. 5. cedo, iv. 8. celeber, vi. 5. celer, v. 4. cella, ii. 2. -cello, vi. 2. celo, ii. 2. celox, v. 4 -I- v. 1. celsus, vi. 2. celtis, ii. 2. censeo, viii. 4. centimalis, vii. 5 + vi. 29. centipellio, iv. 7 + ii. 14. centum, iv. 7. centuria, iv. 7 + vi. 23. cepitis, vi. 130. cepolatitis, vi. 130 + vi. 117. ceponides, vi. 130. cera, i. 23. cerceris, ix. 6. cerebrum, vi. 1. ceria, i. 23. ceruo, iv. 9. cernuus, vi. 1 +ii. 6. cerritus, v. 5. 326 INDEX. cerrones, v. 5. cerrus, vii. 3. certo, iv. 9. certus, vi. 4. cerus, vi. 6. cerussa, i. 23 + vi. 116. cervix, vi. 1 f i. 8. cervus, vi. 4. cessim, ii. 9. cesso, iii. 9. eestus, ii. 9. cetera, i. 5 + vi. 9. cetra, ii 6. -cetum, iii. 9. ceu, i. 5. ceveo, v. 1. chordus, vi. 8. cibus, x. 14. cicada, ix. 10. cicatrix, vii. 11. cicer, ii. 4. ciconia, ix. 10. cicur, iii. 7- cicuta, vii. 3. cieo, v. 1. cignus, ii. 6. cilium, ii. 2. cillibse, ii. 1. cillo, v. 4. cilo, vii. 4. cimex, vii. 3 + vii. 46. eineinnus, ii. 6. cingo, ii. 6 + ii. 9. ciiiis, vii. 6. chums, i. 23. cippus, ii. 8. circa, ii. 3. circanea, ii. 3 + v. 28. circiter, ii. 3. circius, vii. 1. circum, ii. 3. circus, ii. 3. cirrus, ii. 3. cis, i. 5. cisium, ii. 9. cista, ii. 9. cisterna, ii. 9 + ii. 57. citer, i. 5 + vi. 9. citerin, ix. 11. cito, v. 1 ; ix. 11. citra, i. 5 + vi. 9. citrus, viii. 13. citus, v. 1. civis, iii. 9. clacendix, ii. 2 + ii. 58. clades, vii. 2. clam, ii. 2. clamo, ix. 7. clancuhim, ii. 2. clandestinus, ii. 2 + i. 1. + i. 2. clango, ix. 7. clams, vi. 129. classis, ii. 2. clathri, ii. 1. claudo, ii. 2. claudus, v. 4. clava, vi. 2. clavis, ii. 2. clavus, ii. 1 ; vi. 5. clemens, iii. 6. clepo, ii. 2. clibanarius, ii. 2. cliens, ix. 27. clinamen, ii. 1. clipens, ii. 2. clitelhe, ii. 1. clivius, v. 4. clivus, ii. 1. cloaca, vii. 2. clueo, ix. 27. cluina, ii. 2. cluna, v. 4. clunis, vi. 1. cluo, vii. 2. clupea, ii. 1. clura, v. 4. cnasonse, vii. 5. coalesco, i. 31 + vi. 86. cocetum, vii. 10. cochlea, ii. 2. cocio, iv. 20. codes, ii. 29 + vi. 121. codex, vi. 70. caelum, ctelum, coena, x. 4. coenum, i. 23. coepio, vi. 67 + vi. 38. cohors, i. 31 + ii. 4. cohum, i. 31 ; ii. 5. coinquo, i. 31 + i- 1 + vii. 3. ii. 1. coliphium, ii. 1 + vi 96. collicise, i. 31 + iii. 19. collis, vi. 2. collum, ii. 1. colo, vi. 7. colo, vii. 4. color, i. 23. colostra, i. 23. coluber, ii. 1 +ii. 16. columba, ix. 7 + ix. 21. columen, vi. 2. coluniis, vi. 6. columna, vi. 2. colurnus, ii. 2. colus, vi. 2. coma, vi, 70. combretum, ii. 7. comis, iii. 21. comissor, v. 1. commentor, i. 31 + viii. 1 . commugento, i. 31 + ix. 21. communis, i. 31 + ii. 39. como, vi. 132. compello, i. 31 + ix. 1?. comperio, i. 31 + ii. 17. compes, i. 31 + ii. 33. compesco, i. 31+ii. 33. compilo, i. 31 + iv. 13. concha, ii. 6. concilium, i. 31 + ix. 7. concinnus, i. 31 + i. 23. concio, i. 31 + v. 1. condio. i. 31 + i. 21. conferva, i. 31+vi. 14. confestim, i. 31 + v. 20. confiages, i. 31 + viii. 14 + i. 1. confluges, i. 31 + v. 10 4 i. 1. conforio, i. 31 + i. 15. confuto, i. 31 + iii. 26. congius, ii. 6. congruo, i. 31 + v. 6. conila, viii. 18. coniptum, vii. 6 + v. 1 . conniveo, i. 31+ii. 26. conor, vi. 66. conquinisco, i. 31 + ii. 6. consentes, i. 31 + iii. 17. considero, i. 31 + vi. 128. INDEX. 327' consilium, i. 31+iii. 18. coxendix, iL 9 + ii. 58. culeus, ii. 1. conspolium, vii. 6 + i. 15. coxim, ii. 9. culex, vii. 4. consterno, i. 31 + v. 11. coxo, ii. 9. culina, vi. 114. consul, i, 31+iii. 18. crabro, vii. 3. culiola, ii. 2. consult), i. 31+iii. 18, cracca, ii. 4. culis, vii. 4. contemplor, i. 31 + iv. 2. cracens, iii. 7- culmen, vi. 2 contifices, vi. 112+ vii. crapula, v. 5. culraus, vi. 2. 19. eras, vi. 130. culpa, v. 4. continuus, i. 31 + vi. 57. crassus, vi. 4. culter, vii. 4. contio, i. 31 + v. 1. crates, ii. 3. culullus, ii. 1. contra, i. 31 + vi. 9. creber, vi. 4. cuius, ii. 1. contumax, vi. 112. credo, vi. 4 + i. 1. cum, L. 31. contumelia, vi. 112. cremo, vii. 1. cunriera, iL 8. contumia, vi. 112. cremor, i. 23. cumulus, vi. 70. contuoli, i. 31 + vi. 127. creo, vi. 6. -cun-, i. 5. convexus, i. 31 + ii. 34. creper, ii. 4. cunabula, vi. 65. convicium, i. 31 + ix. 2. crepiculum, ii. 4. cunre, vi. 66. copadia, x. 14. crepida, ii. 4 + ii. 33. cunctor, vi. 65. copula, i. 31+ii. 14. crepido, ii. 4 + ii. 33. cuneus, vii. 5. coquo, vi. 114. crepo, ix. 6. cuniculus, vii. 5. cor, vi. 6. crepundia, ix. 6. cunila, viii. 18. coraeesia, i. 23 + i. 18. crepusculum, ii. 4. cunire, L 23. coram, i. 31 +x. 24 + i. 2. creseo, vi. 6. cunnus, vi. 66. corbis, ii. 3. creta, i. 23. cupa, ii. 7. corbita, ii. 3. cribrum, iv. 9. cupedia, x. 14. corcus, ix. 6. crimen, iv. 9. cupencus, vi. 107 + vi. 98 cordicitus, vi. 6 + i. 1. crinis, ii. 3. cupio, vi. 107. corium, ii. 4. crispus, ii. 3 + ii. 27. cupressus, viii. 13 + viii comix, ix. 6 + v. 28. crisso, v. 5. 19. cornu, vi. 4. crista, vii. 1. cura, vi. 7. cornus, vii. 1. crocallis, vii. 1 + vii. 38. curculio, x. 13. corona, ii. 3. crocio, ix. 6. curia, ii. 4. corpus, vi. 1. crocotilus, iii. 7. curiosus, vi. 107. corruda, i. 31 + vi. 88. crudelis, vii. 1. cutis, vii. 3. corrugus, i. 31 + vii. 30. crudus, vii. 1. curro, v. 5. cortex, ii. 4. crumena, ii. 4. curruca, ix. 6. cortina, ii. 3. cruor, v. 6. currus, vi. 4. corusco, vi. 4. crus, ii. 3. curtus, iv. 9. coruscus, v. 5 + v. 2. crusta, vii. 1. curulis, vi. 4. corvus, ix. 6. crux, ii. 3. curvus, ii. 3. corylus, ii. 4. cubitum, ii. 7. -cus, i. 1. cos, vii. 11. cubo, ii. 7. cusculium, iv. 8. cossus, vii. 9. cucullus, ii. 2. cuspis, vii. 9 + vii . 41. costa, ii. 9. cuculus, ii. 2 ; ix. 10. cussiliris, iii. 9 + iii. 34. cotinus, vi. 70. cucuma, vi. 114. cusfcos, ii. 9. cotonea, vi. 70. cucumis, vi. 70. cutis, ii. 6. cotonius, vi. 70. cucurbita, vi. 1. -dam, i. 34. coturniuin, x. 14. cucurio, ix. 6. dama, v. 33. coturnix, ix. 11 + ix. 4 + cudo, vii. 11. ilamium, vi. 58. v. 28. cudo, ii. 6. damnaustra, vi. 76 + ii. coxa, ii. 9. culcita vi. 5. 13. 328 INDEX. damnum, vi. 76. danae, ii. 58. dano, iv. 1. daps, vii. 42. dardanarius, iv. 1. daucus, vii. 24. dautia, vi. 53. de, iv. 1. -de, -d, i. 1. decern, iv. 7. decet, vi. 126. decinaatrus, iv. 7 + vi. 9. decuria, iv. 7 + vi. 23. decus, vi. 126. decussis, iv. 7 + iv. 7. degunere, iv. 1 + x. IS. delecto, iv. 1+iii. 19. deleo, iv. 1 + vii. 36. delibuo, iv. 1 + i. 24. delicatus, iv. 1 + iii. 19. deliciffi, iv. 1 -t-iii. 19. delicus, vi. 93. delnbruin, iv. 1 + ii. 51. -dem, i. 34. demo, iv. 1 + i. 7. demum, vi. 57. deni, iv. 7. denique, vi. 57 + i. 2. delis, X. 3. densus, i. 34. deorsum, iv. 1 + ii. 12. depso, vii. 42. desidero, iv. 1 + vi. 128. destico, ix. 3. desthio, iv. 1 + i. 29. deterise, iv. 1 + vii. 39. deterior, iv. 1 + vii. 39. detrimentum, iv. 1 + vii. 39. delis, vi. 127. devexus, iv. 1 +ii. 34. dexter, vi. 53 + vi. 9. di-, iv. 1. dicis, vi. 126. dlco, vi. 126. dico, vi. 126. dies. vi. 127. digitus, i. 21. diguoro, iv. 1 + viii. 4. dignus, vi. 126. dimico, iv. 1 + vi. 33. diugua, x. 17. dinx, v. 24 + v. 1. dirigo, iv. 1 + vi. 94. diius, iii. 11. dis-, iv. 1. discipulus, vi. 126 + vi. 16. disco, vi. 126. disci imen, iv. 1+iv. 9. disertus, iv. 1+ix. 14. dispesco, iv. 1+ii. 33. dissero, iv. 1+ii. 22. dissipo, iv. 1 +v. 1. distinguo, iv. 1+vi. 72 ditio, vi. 54. diu, vi. 57, 127. diuturnus, vi. 57 + vi. 9. dives, vi. 102. divido, iv. 1 + iv. 6. dividuus, iv. 1 +iv. 6. divuuu, vi. 127. do, i. 1 ; iv. 1. doceo, vi. 126. dolabella, vii. 40. do'abra, vii. 40. doleo, vii. 40. dolium, ii. 18. dolo, vii. 40. dolus, ii. 19. dumicilium, i. C4 + ii. 2. dominor, vi. 76. dominus, vi. 76. domo, vi. 76. domus, i. 34. donee, vi. 57. doiiicum, vi. 57. donum, iv. i. doris, iii. 13. dorniio, iii. 13. dorsum, vi. 13. dos, iv. 1. draucus, iii. 13. drenso, ix. 4. driudio, ix. 4. -du, i. 1. dubenus, vi. 102. dubius, i. 6. duco, vi. 55. duduin, vi. 57. duellum, vii. 43. dulcis, x. 17. dum, vi. 57. dumus, i. 34. duntaxat, vi. 57 + i. 33. duo, i. 6. duonus, vi. 102. dureta, iii. 13. duro, vi. 11. durus, vi. 11. ebrius, iv. 5 + x. 10. ebuluni, ii. 37. ecce, i. 5. ecquis, i. 5. edo, x. 3. efi'utio, iv. 5+ v. 19. egeo, iv. 11. ego, viii. 4. ehem, xi. 3. eheu, xi. 1. eho, xi. 3. eja, xi. 3. ejulo, xi. 1. electarium, iv. 5 + x. 17. electuariuin, iv. 5 + x. 17. elegans, iv. 5 + ii. 47. elementa, vi. 86. elices, iv. 5 + iii. 19. elixus, iv. 5 + iii. 19. elucus, iii. 6. emarcus, ii. 42. emineo, iv. 5 + vi. 35. euro, i. 7. en, i. 5. eniin, i. 5. ens, iii. 17. ensis, vii. 14. eo, v. 24. epigri, vi. 40 + vii. 3. epileus, vi. 40 + vi. 96. epulum, x. 3 + vi. 15. equiso, v. 1 + vi. 108. equus, v. 1. er, vii. 3. erga, vi. 94. ergo, vi. 94. erice, vii. 30. ericius, vii. 3 + vii. 30. erigo, iv. 5 + vi. 94. erinaceus, vii. 3 + vii. 21. eristalis, vi. 129 + vii. 38. eritudo, v. 13 INDEX. 329 ■erna, ii. 57. erneum, ii. 57. -emus, vi. 8. erro, v. 13. eruca, x. 11. eructo, x. 11. erugo, x. 11. ervum, ii. 53. et, vi. 59. etiam, vi. 59. -etum, iii. 9. evax, xi. 3. everriator, iv. 5 + iii. 2. evexus, iv. 5 + ii. 34. ex, e, iv. 5. exagiuni, iv. 5 + vi. 63. exaaien, iv. 5 + vi. 63. exbuae, iv. 5 + x. 9. exbures, iv. 5 + x. 9. excetra, ii. 9 + ii. 6. exdutae, iv. 5 + vi. 60. exemplars, iv. 5 + i. 7. exerceo, iv. 5 + vi. 94. exfir, iv. 5 + viii. 21. exiguus, iv. 5 + iv. 11. exilis, iii. 9. eximo, iv. 5 + i. 7. eximius, iv. 5 + i. 7. exolesco, iv. 5 + vi. 86. expatare, iv. 5 + iv. 15. expedio, iv. 5 + ii. 33. expergo, iv. 5 + vi. 22. experior, iv. 5 + vi. 20. exploro, iv. 5 + vi. 117. exsterno, iv. 5 + v. 11. exstinguo, iv. 5 + viii 17. exsul, iv. 5 + iii. IS. exta, i. 18. extemplo, iv. 5 + iv. 2. exter, iv. 5 + vi. 9. extra, iv. 5 + vi. 9. extrilidus, iv. 5+ v. 11. extro, iv. 5 + vi. 9. exuo, iv. 5 + vi. 60. exuviae, iv. 5 + vi. 60. faba, ii. 35. faber, vi. 38. facetus, vi. 120. faeies, vi. 120. facio, vi. 38. faex, iii. 28. fagus, vi. 48. fala, vi. 18. falco, ii. 14. falere, vi. 18. falisca, vi. 18. fallo, v. 10. falx, ii. 14. fames, x. 1 + viii. 2. famex, vi. 44. fauiilia, vi. 38. famulus, vi. 38. fanaticus, ix. 1. fanuni, ix. 1. far, x. 2. farcio, vi. 17. farfarus, vi. 117. farfugium, vL 117. farina, vii. 28. fario, i. 15. farior, ix. 13. farnus, ii. 16. fas, vi. 115. fascia, ii. 36. fiiscinum, ii. 36. fascis, ii. 36. fastidium, viii. 9. fastigo, vi. 38 + vi. 71. fastus, vi. 115 ; viii. { fateor, vi. 115. fatigo, iii. 26. fatiiu, iii. 26. fatisco, iii. 26. fatuus, iii. 26. faux, viii. 12. faustus, vi. 115. faveo, iii. 22. favilla, vi. 115. favissre, ii. 35. favouius, viii. 12. favus, ii. 35. fax, vi. 120. febris, vi. 117. februo, vi. 115. fecundus, vi. 38. fel, vii. 28. feles, v. 10. felio, ix. 13. felix, vi 18. fello, x. 9. femina, vi. 38. femur, vi. 44. fendicae, vi. 44. -fendo, vi. 40. fenestra, vi. 1 15. fenum, vi. 38. fenus, vi. 38. feralis, iii. 2. ferctum, vii. 29. fere, i. 13. ferentariua, v. 9. feria>, iii. 2. ferio, vi. 19. ferme, i. 13. fero, vi. 17. ferox, v. 9. ferrum, vi. 117. fertum, vii. 29. ferula, ii. 16. ferus, v. 9. ferveo, vi. 117. fescemnce, ii. 36. fessus, iii. 26. festinus, v. 20. festivus, vi. 115. festuca, vi. 39. festus, vi. 115. fetiales, ii. 33. fetus, vi. 3S. fiber, x. 2. fibra, vii. 26. fibula, i. 8. ficus, vi. 48. fidelia, ii. 33 + ii. 11. fides, vi. 46. fiducia, vi. 46. tidus, vi. 46. fidusta, vi. 46. figo, i. 19. tigulus, i. IS. figura, i. 18. filia, vi. 16. Alius, vi. 16. filix, ii. 14. filum, ii. 14. fimbria:, vii. 26. fimus, i. 15. findo, iv. 15. fingo, i. 18. finis, iv. 15. finitimus, iv. 15-+ i. 2. fio, vi. 38. fircus, vii. 28. 330 INDEX. firmns, vi. 17. fiscus, ii. 36. fistuca, vi. 40. fistula, ii. 32 + ii. 18. fivere, i. 8. fixula, i. 19. flaccus, iii. 1. flagellum, vi. 19. flagitiuni, vii. 31. flagito, vi. 22. flagritriba, vi. 19 + vii. 39. flagro, vi. 117. flagrum, vi. 19. flamen, vi. 22. flamma, vi. 117. flavus, vi. 117. flecto, ii. 14. flemina, vi. 15. fleo, v. 10. flexumines, ii. 14. fligo, vi. 19. flo, viii. 14. floccus, iii. 1. floces, iii. 1. flos, vi. 15. fluo, v. 10. flustra, v. 10. fluto, v. 10. focus, vi. 115. fodio, vi. 40. foedus, ii. 33. foedus, viii. 9. foeteo, viii. 9. foetutina, viii. 9 + i. 2. folium, vi. 15. follis, ii. 15. fomes, vi. 115 + vi. 35. fons, vi. 18. for, ix. 1. foras, vi. 20. forbea, x. 2. forceps, ii. 16 + ii. 8. forctum, vi. 21. fordus, vi. 17. forfex, ii. 16 + vii. 19. foria, i. 15. foris, vi. 20. forma, ii. 17. formica, vii. 27 + vii. 46. formido, vii. 29. formucales, vi. 117. formus, vi. 117. fornax, vi. 117. fornix, ii. 16 + ii. 9. foro, vi. 20. forpex, ii. 16 + ii. 34. fors, vi. 20. fortis, vi. 21. forum, iv. 14. forus, vi. 17. fovea, ii. 35. foveo, iii. 22. (in)fra, vi. 17. fraces, iii. 2. fracesco, iii. 2. fraga, iii. 2. fragor, ix. 15. fragro, viii. 19. frango, iv. 6. f rater, vi. 17 + vi. 9. fratilli, vii: 28. fratrare, vi. 14. fratruelis, vi. 17 + vi. 9 + i. 8 + i. 7. fraus, v. 9. fraxinus, ii. 16. fremo, ix. 15. frendo, vii. 28. fremim, ii. 16. frequens, vi. 17. fretum, vi. 20. fretus, vi. 17. frico, vii. 28. frigeo, vii. 29. frlgo, vii. 29. f rtgo, vi. 22 ; ix. 1 5. frigulo, ix. 15. frigutio, ix. 15. fringilla, ix. 15. frio, vii. 28. frit, vii. 28. fritilla, vii. 28. fritillus, vii. 28. fritinnio, ix. 15 fix. 5. fiivolus, iii. 2 + iii. 1. frons, -dis, i. 12. frons, vi. 14. fructus, vi. 14. f rumen, x. 10. fruor, vi. 14. frustra, v. 9. frustum, iv. 14. frutex, vi. 14. frux, vi. 14. fucus, i. 18. fucus, iii. 28. fudi, v. 19. fugio, v. 32. fui, vi. 38. fulcio, vi. 18. fulgeo, vi. 117. fulgur, vi. 117. fulica, vi. 117. fuligo, viii. 21 + i. 25. fullo, vi. 18. fulmen, vi. 117. fulvus, vi. 117. fumus, viii. 21. funda, v. 18. fundo, v. 18. fundus, vi. 40. fungor, vii. 19. fungus, iii. 28. funis, ii. 30. funus, vi. 40. fur, ii. 17. furca, iv. 14. furfur, ii. 17. furnus, vi. 117. furo, v. 9. furvus, ii. 17. fuscina, vii. 19. fuscus, ii. 17 + ii. 29. fusterna, vi. 39. fustis, vi. 39. fusus, vi. 39. futatim, vi. 38. futilis, iii. 26. futis, v. 19. futo, vi. 38. futuo, vi. 38. gabatce, ii. 8. galbeus, ii. 1. galbulus, vi. 2. galbus, vii. 2. galea, ii. 2. galena, vi. 129. galerum, ii. 2. galla, vi. 2. gallidraga, vii. 4 + vii. 13. gallulasco, ix. 7. gallus, ix. 7. gamba, ii. 7. INDEX. 331 ganeo, x. 24. gannator, ix. 8. gannio, ix. 8. garrio, ix. 6. garum, x. 18. gaudeo, xi. 3. gavia, ix. 10. gelu, vii. 2. genitalis, i. 7. gemma, vi. 70. gemu, ix. 9. gemoiiise, ix. 9. geniursa, vi. 70 + vii. 30. gena, ii. 6. gener, i. 7. genista, ii. 6 + ii. 22. genius, vi. 66. genu, ii. 6. genuinus, vi. 66. genuinus, vii. 5. germanus, vi. 1. germen, vi. 1. gero, vi. 108. gerres, v. 5. gerro, v. 5. -ges, i. 1. gestio, vi. 108. geum, vi. 67. gibbus, vi. 77. gigeria, x. 18. gigno, vi. 66. gillu, ii. 1. gilvus, vi. 129. gingiva, vii. 5. gingrire, ix. 8 + ix. 6. git, vii. 10. glaber, vii. 2. glacies, vii. 2. gladius, vii. 4. glans, vi. 2. glarea, vii. 2. glastum, vi. 129. glaucito, ix. 7. glaucus, vi. 129. gleba, vi. 2. glesuni, vi. 129. glis, vii. 2. glisco, vi. 2. glissumarga, vi.129 + i.20. globus, ii. 1. glocio, ix. 7. gloctoro, ix. 7. glomus, ii. 1. gloria, vi. 129. gloa, i. 7. glubo, ii. 2. gluma, ii. 2. glus, i. 23. glutio, x. 13. gnario, viii. 4. gnarigo, viii. 4. gnarus, viii. 4. gnavus, vi. 66. -gnus, vi. 66. gobius, vi. 77. gossympinus, vii. 9. gracilis, Hi. 7. gracillo, ix. 6. graculus, ix. 6. gradior, iv. 9. gradus, iv. 9. gram en, vi. 1. giamiaj, i. 23. grandis, vi. 1. grando, vii. 1. granum, vii. 1. grates, vi. 6. gratus, vi. 6. gravastellus, vi. 129. gravis, vi. 4. gremium, ii. 4. grex, ii. 4. grossus, vii. 3. grossus, vi. 4. grullus, ii. 3. gruma, vii. 3. grumus, vi. 1. grunda, ii. 4. grunnio, ix. 6. grus, ix. 6. gryllus, ix. 6. gubernum, v. 1. gula, x. 13. gulliocaa, ii. 2. gumia, x. 2. gurges, x. 13. gurgulio, x. 13. gurgustium, ii. 3. gusto, x. 18. gutta, v. 1. guttur, x. 14. gutturnium, x. 14. guttus, x. 14. gyrus, ii. 3. liabena, ii. 8. habeo, ii. 8. habilis, ii. 8. hsedus, v. 2. hareo, i. 23. halo, viii. 15. halonem, iii. 6. hamus, ii. 7. hara, ii. 4. hariolus, vi. 4. haruspex, vi. 4 + vi. 120. hasta, vii. 9. baud, iv. 8. haurio, v. 1. haveo, xi. 3. hebes, iii. 22. hedcra, ii. 6. hei, xi. 1. helucus, iii. 6. heluo, iii. 6. helvella, vi. 2. helvus, vi. 129. hem, xi. 3. herba, vi. 1. herceus, ii. 4. hercisco, ii. 4. herctum, ii. 4. heredium, ii. 4. herein, ii. 4. heres, ii. 4. heri, iii. 9. herns, ii. 4. hesperugo, iii. 27 + vi; 27 + vi. 120. hetta, vii. 10. heu, xi. 1. hibernus, vii. 12 + vi. 2". hibiscum, ii. 37. hibrida, viii. 17. hie, i. 5. hienis, vii. 12. hilaris, vi. 6. hillse, ii. 3. hilum, vii. 2. hinc, i. 5 + i. 1. hinnio, ix. 8. hinnus, ix. 8. hio, iv. 11. hippacare, viii. 13. 332 INDEX. hir, ii. 4. hira, ii. 3. hircus, vii. 1. hirnea, ii. 4. hirrio, ix. 6. hirsutus, vii. 1. hirtus, vii. 1. hirudo, x. 13. hirundo, v. 5 + v. 18. hispidus, vii. 9. histrio, ix. 11. homeltium, ii. 8. homo, viii. 4. honestus, vi. 108. honor, vi. 108. hora, vi. 8. horconia, vi. 6. horctum, vi. 6. hordeura, vii. 1. hordus, vi. 4. horia, ii. 4. horior, vi. 6. hornns, i. 5 + vi. 8. horreo, vii. 1. horreum, ii. 4. hortor, vi. 6. hortus, vi. 6. hospes, iii. 9 + vi. 41. hostia, vii. 9. hostio, vii. 9. hostis, vii. 9. hostorium, vii. 9. humerus, ii. 7. humidus, iii. 27. huu:or, iii. 27. humus, vi. 111. ibex, ix. 1. ibi, i. 5-i-i. 8. ico, vi. 63. idem, i. 5 + i. 34. identidom, i. 5 + vi. 57 + i. 3. idoneus, i. 5 + i. 31. iduo, iv. 6. idus, iv. 6. -iens, iv. 5. -ies, iv. 5. igitur, i. 5 + vi. 9. ignis, vi. 124. ignore, iv. 4 + viii. 4. ilex, ii. 10. ilia, ii. 10. ille, i. 5. illuvies, i. 1 +i. 24 ; i. 1 + vii. 35. imago, i. 9. imbecillus, iv. 4 + vi. 49. iiuber, v. 22. imbrex, i. 1 -f- iii. 2. imbuo, i. 1 + x. 9. imburvum, i. 1 + vii. 27. imitor, i. 9. imuianis, iv. 4 + L 11. iiiimo, i. 5 + i. 32. immunis, iv. 4 + ii. 39. immussulu.s, i. 1 + iii. 25. impedio, i. 1 + ii. 33. impetigo, i. 1 + vii. 41. impetrio, i. 1 + vi. 38 + vi. 9. impilia, i. 1 + vi. 18. improlus, iv. 4 + vi. 20 + vi. 86. imprupero, i. 1+xi. 5. in, i. 1. in-, iv. 4. inanis, iii. 5. inceudo, i. 1+vi. 134. inchoo, i. 1 +vi. 67. inciens, i. 1 + vi. 67. incile, i. 1 + vii. 4. incilo, i. 1 4- vii. 4. incitega, ii. 5. inclino, i. 1 +ii. 1. inclitus, i. 1 + ix. 27. incolumis, i. 1+vi. 6. indago, i. 1 +vi. 126. inde, i. 5 + i. 1. index, i. 1 + vi. 126. indico, i. 1 + vi. 126. indigeto, i. 1 + vi. 10S. indipiscor, i. 1 + vi. 45. indoles, i. 1 + vi. 86. indulgeo, i. 1 +iii. 12. induo, i. 1 + vi. 60. indusiuni, i. 1 + vi. 60. industrius, iv. 4 + iii. 11. indutiae, i. 1 + iii. 1 1. induvise, i. 1 +vi. 60. iners, iv. 4 + v. 13. inersitudo, iv. 4 + v. 13. inferus, i. 1 + vi. 17. infestus, i. 1 + vi. 40. infit, i. 1+ix. 1. infula, i. 1 +ii. 14. ingens, iv. 4 + vi. 66. ingluvies, i. 1 + x. 13. ingiuo, i. 1 1 v. 6. inguen, i. 1 + vi. 66. -iunus, iii. 5. inquilinus, i. 1 + iii. 6. inquino, i. 1 +i. 23. inquio, i. 1 + ix. 10. inseco, i. 1 +ix. 26. insexit, i. 1 + ix. 26. instar, i. 1 + i. 29. instauro, i. 1+i. 2'.». instigo, i. 1 +vi. 72. instinguo, i. 1 + vi. 72. insuasum, i. 1 + i. 24. insula, i. 1 +v. 7. intelligo, i. 1 + vi. 9 + ii. 47. inter, i. 1 + vi. 9. intercalo, i. 1 + vi. 9 + vi. 8. interduatim, i. 1 + vi. 9 + vi. 57. interim, i. 1 + vi. 9 + vi. 37. interpello, i. 1 + vi. 9 + ix. 13. interpolo, i. 1 + vi. 9 + vi. 117. interpreter, i. 1 + vi. 9 + vi. 117. interstinctus, i. 1 + vi. 9 + vi. 72. intertaleo, i. 1+vi. 9 + vii. 40. intestinus, i. 1+i. 2. intra, i. 1 +vi. 9. intro, i. 1 + vi. 9. intubus, i. 1 + vii. 42. intus, i. 1. inula, viii. 18. investis, iv. 4 + vi. 52. invito, i. 1 + ix. 2. invitus, iv. 4 + vi. 52. -io, p. 268. ipse, i. 5 + ix. 5. ira, ix. 19. INDEX. 333 irnea, ii. 57. lrpex, vii. 37. irrito, i. 1 +vii. 32. irritus, iv. 4 + ix. 14. irtiula, ii. 12. -is, i. 9. is, i. 5. iste, i. 5 + i. 3. ita, i. 5 + i. 3. item, i. 5 + i. 34. iterum, i. 5 + vi. 9. jaceo, ii i. 8. jacio, v. 24. jam, i. 5. janitrices, i. 7- janua, v. 24. janus, v. 24. jecur, vi. 102. jejunus, x. 24. jentu, x. 24. jocus, vi. 102. juba, vii. 15. jubar, vi. 127 +vi. 1 17. jubeo, ix. 24. jubilum, ix 24. jucundus, vi. 102. judex, ix. 24 + vi. 126. judico, ix. 24 + vi. 126. jugermn, i. 6. jugis, i. 6. jugo, ix. 10. jugulum, i. 6. jugum, i. 6. jnmentum, i. 6. juncus, ii. 32. jungo, i. 6. jnniculus, ii. 32. juniperus, ii. 32 -f- ii. 16. junix, vi. 102. Jupiter, vi. 127 + vi. 38. jurgo, ix. 10. juro, ix. 24. jus, ix. 24. jus, vi. 114. juvencus, vi. 102. juvenis, vi. 102. juvo, vi. 102. juxti, i. 6. juxtim, i. 6. labes, i. 24. labia, x. 1 5. labium, x. 15. labo, iii. 32. labor, iii. 32. labor, vii. 38. labrum, x. 15. labrusca, ii. 50 + ii. 56. laburnum, ii. 50 + ii. 12. lac, x. 11. lacca, vi. 92. lacer, vii. 31. lacerna, vii. til. lacerta, v. 16. lacertus, v. 16. lacertus, vi. 92. lacesso, vi. 93. lacinia, vii. 31. lacio, vi. 93. lacryma, vi. 126 + v. 6. lactilago, x. 11 + vi. 9:'. lactuca. x. 11. lacus, ii. 47. kedo, vii. 33. lama, ii. 55. Ireto, lretus, vi. 9. Ia3tus, vi. 87. Isevus, v. 15. lagena, ii. 47. lago, vi. 92. lallum, ix. 2 '. lambero, vii. 38. lambo, x. 15. lamentum, ix. 20 + viii. 1. lamina, i. 12. lamium, iii. 20. lampado, vi. 96. lampetra, ii. 50. lana, iii. 20. lancea, vii. 31. lancino, vii. 31. langneo, iii. 19. lanio, vii. 31. lannre, i. 12. lanx, i. 12. lapis, vii. 38. lappa, vii. 38. laqueus, ii. 46. lar, iii. 34. largior, iv. 17. largus, iv. 17. laridum, i. 24. larva, iii. 34. lascivus, v. 14. lassus, iii. 33. lateo, ii. 55. later, i. 12. laterna, vi. 136. latex, v. 14. latro, ix. 20. latro, vi. 9'i. latus, iv. 13 ; vi. 12. latus, i. 13. laudo, ix. 20. laurus, ii. 50. lautia, vi. 96. lantus, vi. 96. laver, vii. 35. laverniones, vi. 96 -f- ii. 57. lavo, vii. 35. lax, v. 16. laxus, iii. 19. lectus, iii. 19. legio, ii. 47. lego, iii. 19. lego, ii. 47. legula, ii. 46. legumen, ii. 47. leinina, ii. 51. lemures, iii. 20. lenis, ii. 54 ; vii. 36. leno, vi. 93. lens, -dis, vii. 33. lens, -tis, ii. 55. lentiscus, iii. 20 + i. 18. lentus, iii. 20. leo, vii. 33. lepor, vi. 136. lepus, v. 15. iessus, ix. 20. lethusa, iii. 33. letum, iii. 19. kucrion, ii. 46. levenna, v. 16 + iii. 5. levir, iii. 15. lovis, v. 16. levis, vii. 35. lSvo, v. 16. lex, iii. 19. liber, v. 14. liber, ii. 51. libet, vi. 95. libido, vi. 95. 334 INDEX. libo, iii. 32. libra, vi. 96. libum, vi. 129. licen, iii. 19. licet, iii. 19. licinus, ii. 46. 1 cium, ii. 46. lien, vi. 22. lignum, vi. 92. ligo, vii. 31. ligo, vb., ii. 46. ligurio, x. 17. ligurius, x. 17. ligustruin, ii. 46. lilium, iii. 34. lima, vii. 36. limbus, ii. 50. limen, ii. 46. limes, vii. 36. limpidus, vi. 136. limus, i. 24 ; ii. 46. lingo, x. 17. lingua, x. 17. lino, vii. 36. linquo, iv. 17. linter, ii. 55. linteus, ii. 54. linum, ii. 54. lipio, ix. 3. lippus, iii. 32. liqueo, iii. 19. liquis, ii. 46. liro, vii. 2. liroe, iii. 34. lis, ix. 20. -lis, i. 26. litera, vii. 33. lito, iii. 33. littus, ii. 55. lituus, ii. 54. liveo, i. 24. lix, vii. 31. lixa, vii. 31. lixivus, iii. 19. lixo, iii. 19. lixulsc, vii. 31. loco, i. 26. locuples, vi. 96 + vi. 18. locus, i. 26. locusta, x. 1 1. loligo, i. 25. lolium, vii. 34. lomentum, i. 24. longabo, vi. 93 + vi. 40. longano, vi. 93 + ii. 6. longinquus, vi. 93 + i. 1. longurius, vi. 93 + vi. 23. longus, vi. 93. loquor, ix. 20. lora, iii. 34. lorum, ii. 50. lotus, vi. 87. lubet, vi. 95. lubricus, vii. 35. luca, ii. 46. lucar, vi. 123. luceo, vi. 123. lucerna, vi. 123 + ii. 57. lucius, ii. 47. lucrum, vi. 96. lucta. vi. 93. lucubro, vi. 1 23. lucuns, vii. 31. lucus, ii. 47. ludo, v. 14. lues, iii. 19. lugeo, ix. 20. luma, vii. 38. lumbricus, ii. 50 + ii. 48. lumbus, ii. 50. lumen, vi. 123. luna, vi. 1 23. luo, iii. 19 ; vii. 35. lupa, vi. 95. lupinus, ii. 51. lupus, ii. 51. lura, x. 16. lurco, x. 16. luridus, i. 24. luscinia, ii 55-t-ix. 8. luscus, ii. 55. lustro, v. 14. ; vi. 136. lustror, vi. 97. lustrum, i. 24 ; ii. 55 ; vi. 136. Intra, v. 1 4. lutum, vi. 135. lutuin, i. 24. lux, vi. 123. luxus, ii. 46 ; iii. 19. Iympha, v. 15. lympho, v. 15. lynx, vi. 123. maccus, viii. 6. maceo, iii. 25. maceria, ii. 35. macero, iii. 25. machio, i. 20. macto, vi. 52. mactus, vi. 52. macula, i. 20. madeo, iii. 5. madulsa, v. 21. msereo, viii. 3. msesius, vi. 31. magister, vi. 3 1 + vi. 9. magmentum, vi. 52. magnus, vi. 31. majalis, vii. 44. majuma, i. 6. majus, vi. 31. mala, x. 6. malandria, vi. 29. maldacon, i. 20. malleus, vii. 45. mallo, vi. 29. malum, vi. 29. malundrum, vi. 29. malus, vii. 45. malva, iii. 3. mamma, x. 9. mancus, iii. 5. mando, ii. 39 ; x. 5. manduco, x. 5 + x. 11. mane, vi. 121. maneo, i. 16. manes, iii. 5. mango, vi. 121. mania, iii. 5. manifestus, vi. 121 + vi. 115. manipulus, ii. 38 + vi. 18. mano, v. 21. mansuesco, iii. 5 + viii. 5. mantele, ii. 39. mantelum, ii. 39. mantica, ii. 39. mantissa, vi. 35. mantuelis, ii. 39. manubise, ii. 38 + ii. 8. maims, ii. 38. man us, iii. 5. INDEX. 335 marceo, iii. 4. mare, v. 8. marga, i. 20. niargella, vi. 121. inargo, ii. 43. marisca, vi. 28. mariscus, ii. 42 + ii. 2S. maritus, iii. 4. marmor, vi. 121. maronion, vi. 28 + vi. 34. niarra, vii. 45. marrubium, viii. 20 + viii. 21. Mars, vii. 45. niartes, x. 6. martulus, vii. 45. mas, iii. 4. mascarpio, iii. 4 + ii. 4. massa, vi. 36. massaris, x. 20. masso, x. 5. mastico, x. 5. masturbor, iii. 4 + vii. 39. masucius, x. 5 + x. 11. mateola, vii. 44. mater, vi. 31 + vi. 9. materia, vi. 31. matertera, vi. 31 + vi. 9. matrix, vi. 31. matruelis, vi. 31 + i. 8 + i. 7. matta, ii. 38. mattus, v. 21. matus, v. 21. matula, iii. 5. maturus, vi. 31 + vi. 57. matutinus, vi. 31 + vi. 57. maurella, ii. 43. Mavors, vii. 45 + vii. 27. maxilla, x. 5. meddix, vi. 35 + vi. 108. meddixtuticus, vi. 35 + vi. 108 + vi. 58. niedeor, iii. 5. mediastinus, ii. 39 + i. 2. medipontus, vi. 35 + ii. 33. meditor, viii. 2. meditullium, ii. 39 + i. 12. medius, ii. 39. medulla, i. 20. meio, iii. 25. mel, x. 20. meles, vii. 45. melior, vi. 29. mellum, ii. 40. melo, vi. 29. meltom, vi. 29. membrana, ii. 39 + ii. 17. membrum, ii. 38. memini, viii. 1. memor, viii. 3. menda, v. 21. mend ax, v. 21. mendicum, ii. 39. mendicus, iii. 5 + vi. 126. metis, viii. 1. mensa, i. 11. mensis, i. 11 . menstruus, i. 11 + vi. 9. menta, viii. 20. mentio, viii. 1. mentior, v. 21. mentula, vi. 35. meiitum, viii. 1 ; x. 5. meo, v. 22. mephitis, viii. 6. meracus, iv. 16. mercedinus, iv. 10 + vi. 57. mercedonius, iv. 16 + vi. 57. merces, i. 11. mercurius, vii. 45. merda, i. 20. merenda, iv. 16 + vi. 101. mereo, i. 11. mergse, ii. 43. merges, ii. 43. mergo, iii. 4. mergus, iii. 4. merica, ii. 42. meridies, ii. 39 + vi. 127. merula, i.\. 3. merus, iv. 16. merx, i. 11. -met, viii. 2. rueta, i. 11. metella, ii. 38. metellus, i. 11. metior, i. 11. nioto, vii. 44. metus, viii. 2. meus, me, viii. 1. mica, vii. 18. mico, v. 31. migro, v. 22 + vi. 63. miles, vii. 45. milesium, x. 6. milio, x. 6. milium, ii. 41. mille, vi. 29. millio, x. 6. milvus, x. 6. mineo, vi. 35. Minerva, viii. 1. mingo, iii. 25. miniscitur, viii. 1. minister, iii. 5. minium, vi. 121. mino, minor, viii. 1. minor, iii. 5. mintrio, ix. 16 + ix. 4. minurio, ix. 16 + ix. 1"). minus, iii. 5. mio, iii. 25. miror, iv. 12. misce", i. 20. miser. \ iii. 3. mitilo, ix. 3. mitis, iii. 5. mitto, v. 21. mitulus, i. 20. modernus, i. 11+vi. 8. modero, i. 11. modius, i. 1 1. modo, i. 11. modus, i. 11. mcenia, ii. 39. moeiica, ii. 42. mola, vii. 45. molemonium, iii. 3. moles, vi. 30. molestus, vii. 45. molior, vi. 30. mollis, iii. 3. molo, vii. 45. molucrum, vii. 15. momar, iii. 4. monedula, ix. 16 + ix. 4. moneo, viii. I. monet.i, vii. 44. 336 INDEX. monile, ii. 38. monnula, vi. 121. mons, vi. 35. monstro, vi. 121. nionstrum, vi. 121. mora, iii. 4. moracius, vii. 45. tnoraria, viii. 20. morbus, iii. 4. niordeo, x. G. more, -io, iii. 4. moretnm, x. 20. mSrio, ii. 43. morion, iii. 4. morior, iii. 4. morochites, ii. 43 + vi. 133. mortarium, vii. 45. mortuus, iii. 4. morulus, ii. 43. morum, ii. 43. morus, ii. 43. mos, viii. 3. motarium, ii. 38. moveo, v. 22. mox, i. 32 + i. 1. mu, xi. 7. mucor, i. 20. mucro, vii. 46. mucus, i. 20. muges, i. 20. ningil, i. 20. muginor, i. 20. mugio, ix. 21. mularis, vi. 29. mulceo, vii. 45. mulco, vii. 45. mulcta, vii. 45. mulcto, vii. 45. mulgeo, vii. 45. mulier, ii. 41. mullo, ii. 40. mullus, x. 6. mulsus, x. 20. multa, vii. 45. mnlticius, iii. 3. multus, vi. 29. mulus, vi. 31. jiiiiiidus, vi. 121. mungo, i. 20. omnia, ii. 39. munio, ii. 39. munis, ii. 39. munus, ii. 39. murcidus, iii. 4. murcus, iii. 4. murex, vii. 45. murgiso, iii. 4. muria, x. 20. murmur, ix. 21. muriha, vi. 121. murus, ii. 43. urns, ii. 39. mnsca, v. 31. muscerda, ii. 39 + viii. 7. musculus, i. 20. museus, vi. 32. musinor, i. 2ft. musso, ix. 21. mustace, vi. 32. mustela, ii. 39 + vii. 40. mustellago, vi. 32. niustricola, i. 11. mustum, vi. 32. mustus, vi. 32. mnticus, vii. 44. mutilago, i. 20 + vi. 92. mutilus, vii. 44. mutio, ix. 21. muto, v. 22. muto, vi. 35. mutulus, i. 20 ; vi. 35. niutus, i. 28. mutuiK, v. 22. ntvlasia, ii. 40. niystus, i. 20. nicoa, vii. 21. nte, i. 5. naevus, ii. 26. nam, i. 5. -nam, i. 5. nancio, i. 10. napus, vi. 7S. naris, viii. 18. narro, viii. 4. narus, viii. 4. nascor, vi. 66. nasica, viii. 18 + vii. 4. nassa, i. 10. nasturtium, viii. 18 + viii. 21. nasus, viii. 18. natinor, v. 29. natis, vi. 58. naucnm, iii. 31. navis, v. 28. navus, vi. 66. naxa, i. 10. ne, iv. 4. -ne, i. 5. -n8, i. 1. nebula, ii. 2o. nebulo, iii. 23. necesse, vi. 98. neco, iii. 31. necto, ii. 9. nefastus, iv. 4 + vi. 115. nefrones, iii. 23. nego, iv. 4. neguin, iv. 4. negumo, iv. 4. nemus, iv. 3. nenia, ix. 22. nenu, nenum, iv. 4. neo, ii. 58. nepos. i. 10 ;iv. 4 + ii. 35. neptis, i. 10. Neptunus, v. 28. nepus, iv. 4 + vi. 118. nequam, iv. 4 + i. 5. nervus, ii. 58. nesi, iv. 4. ni, iv. 4. -ni, iv. 4. nico. ii. 26. nicto, ii. 26. nidor, viii. 18. nidus, iii. 30. niger, ii. 26. nigina, v. 28. nihil, iv. 4 + vii. 2. nimbus, iii. 23. nimis, iv. 4 + i. 11. ningo, v. 28. ninguis. v. 28. ningnlus, iv. 4. nitedula, vii. 23 + vii. -10. nitela, vii. 23 + vii. 40. niteo, vi. 133. nit or, vi. 98. nivens, ii. 26. nix, v. 28. nixor, vi. 98. INDEX. 337 no, v. 28. noceo, vii. 21. noctu, ii. 26 + vi. 57. nodia, ii. 58. nodus, ii. 58. nola, ix. 5. nomen, viii. 4. non, iv. 4. noneoke, iii. 5. nonna, i. 10. nonnus, i. 10. norma, i. 1 1. nos, viii. 1. nosco, viii. 4. notion, iii. 5. novacula, vii. 20. novem, iv. 5. noverca, i. 10. novus, i. 10. nox, ii. 26. nubes, ii. 26. nubo, i. 10 ; ii. 26. nudius, i. 10 + vi. 127. nudus, iv. 4. nugae, iii. 31. nuin, i. 5. numella, i. 10. Humerus, iv. 3. numus, iv. 3. nunc, i. 10. nuncupo, viii. 4 + ix. 12. nuntius, viii. 4. •nun, ii. 6. nuper, i. 10 + vi. 27. nurus, i. 10. nusciciosum, ii. 26. nuto, ii. 6. nutrio, vi. 101. mix, vi. 31. ob, vi. 40. obba, vi. 78. obesus, vi. 40 + vi. 59. oblecto, vi. 40 + iii. 19. obliquus, vi. 40 + ii. 46. obliviscor, vi. 40 + i. 24. obscenus, vi. 40 + viii. 7. obscurus, vi. 40 + ii. 29. obsolesco, vi. 40 + i. 24. obstino, vi. 40 + i. 29. obstipus, vi. 40 + vi. 71. obstitus, vi. 40 -t vi. 72. obturo, vi. 40 + vi. 11. obvagulo, vi. 40 + ix. 2. occa, vii. 3. occulo, vi. 40 + ii. 2. occupo, vi. 404 ii. 8. ocior, v. 1. ocrea, ii. 4. octans, iv. 7 + iv. 6. octo, iv. 7. oculus, vi. 124. odium, viii. 4. odor, viii. 16. cenus, iv. 5. oetor, xi. 3. offa, vi. 78. olea, i. 24. oleo, viii. 16 olesco, vi. 86. oleum, i. 24. olim, i. 5 + vi. 37. oliva, i. 24. olla, ii. 1. olle, i. 5. olor, ix. 7. olus, vi. 2. olvatum, ii. 50. omen, ix. 10. omentum, ii. 25 + ii. 39. omnis, i. 32. -on-, vi. 34. onco, ix. 22. onus, vi. 99. opacus, vi. 40 + vi. 120. opera, vi. 40+ \i. 20. operio, vi. 40 + ii 17. opetis, vi. 47. opilio, ix. 13. opinor, viii. 5. oportet, vi. 40 f vi. 20. opperior, vi. 40 + i. 13. oppido, vi. 40 + vi. 46. oppidum, vi. 40 + vi. 46. ops, vi. 47. optimus, vi. 47. opto, vi. 47. opulus, ii. 37. opunculo, ix. 1. opus, vi. 40 + vi. 20. ora, ii. 13. orbis, ii. 52. orbus, iv. 17. orca, ii. 49 : vii. 30. ordior, vi. 83. ordo, i. 27. orior, vi. 83. origo, vi. 83. orno, ii. 13. ornus, ii. 12. oro, x. 24. os, i. 29 ; x. 24. oscillo, v. 2. oscito, x. 24. ossilago, i. 29 + vi. 92. ostigo, x. 24 + i. 25. ostium, x. 24. otium, iii. 27. ovis, iii. 27. ovo, xi. 3. ovum, v. 25. pabo, ii. 44. pabulum, ii. 35. pacio, i. 19. pacisco, i. 19. paciscor, i. 19. patdor, viii. 9. paeminosus, iv. 6. psene, i. 8 + i. 1. paenula, ii. 31. paetus, vi. 1 18. pagus, iv. 6. pala, i. 12. palam, vi. 117. palara, ix. 13. palatium, ii. 15. palatum, ii. 15. palea, ii. 15. palleo, i. 15. palma, i. 12. palmes, vi. 15 + vi. 35. palor, v. 10. palpebra, ii. 15 + ii. 17. palpito, vii. 41. palpo, vii. 41. paludamentuni, ii. 15. paludatus, ii. 15. palumbes, ix. 13 + ix. 21 j palus, vi. 15. palus, iii. 1 + iii. 27. palusca, ii. 15. pampinus, ii. 44. panaca, x. 9. panariciuin, ii. 30 + vii. 30. Y 338 INDEX. pando, iv. 15. pandus, ii. 30. pango, i. 19. pan is, x. 1. pannus, ii. 30. pantex, vi. 44. papa, vi. 38 ; x 1 . papse, xi. 6. papaver, vii. 28. papilio, ii. 1 4. papilla, vi. 4 4. pappus, vi. 38. papula, vi. 44. papyrus (Egyptian ?). ii. 17. par, i. 13. parada, ii. 17. parens, iii. 2. parens, vi. 16. pareo, i. 13 ; vi. 117. paries, ii. 1 7. pario, vi. 16. parina, ii. 17. paro, i. 13. parra, ix. 13. pars, iv. 1 4. parum, iii. 2. parus, ix. 13. parvus, iii. 2. pasco, ii. 35.. passer, ix. 3. passim, iii. 26. passus, vi. 118. pasta, i. 18. pastinaca, vii. 41. pastinum, vii. 41. pateo, iv. 15. pater, vi. 38 + vi. 9. patera, i. 12. patina, i. 12.. patior. iii. 26. patro, vi. 38 + vi. 9. patruelis, vi. 38 + i. 8 + i. 7. patruus, vi. 38 + i. 8. paucus, iii. 29. paulus, iii. -9. pauper, iii. 29. pausea, i. 18. pausilhilum. iii. 29. pauxillus, iii. 29. paveo, vii. 29. pavio, vi. 49. pavo, vi. 118. pax, i. 19. paxillus, i. 19. -pe, i. 5. pecco, viii. 9. pectis, vi. 49. pecto, ii. 34. pectus, ii. 35. pecu, ii. 35. peculium, ii. 35 + ii. 11. peculor, ii. 35 + ii. 11. pecunia, ii. 35. pecus, ii. 35. pedica, ii. 33. pedis, vii. 41. pedo, viii. 10. pedule, vi. 40 + vi. 18. pedum, ii. 33. pejor, viii. 9. pellex, vi. 15. pellion, ii. 14. pellis, ii. 15. pello, vi. 19. pelvis, ii. 14. penates, ii. 31. pendeo, vi. 40. pendigo, vi. 4 4. pendix, vi. 41. pendo, vi. 40. penes, ii. 31. penetro, ii. 31 + vi. 9. penicillum, vii. 26. penis, vii. 26. penitns,. ii. 31 + i. 1. penna, v. 19. pennus, vii. 26. penuria, vii. 26. penus, x. 1. per, vi. 20. per-, vi. 20. -per, vi. 27. percello, vi. 20 + v. 4. pereis, i. 15. percontor, vi. 22 + vi. 52. percutio, vi. 20 + vii. 11. perdagatus, vi. 20 + vi. 126. pereger, vi. 20 + vi. 63. perendie, vi. 20 + vi. 37. perfines, vi. 20 + vii. 26. perfoco, vi. 20 + viii. 12. pergo, vi. 20 + vi. 94. pergula, ii. 17. periculum, vi. 20. perinde, i. 13 + i. 1. peritus, vi. 20. perna, vi. 17. pernix, vi. 20 + v. 2S. pero, ii. 17. perperus, v. 9. perpes, vi. 20 + vi. 45. perpetuus, vi. 20 + vi. 45. persites, iii. 2. persnis, iii. 2. persolata, vii. 27 + vii. 33. personata, vii. 27 + vii. 23. pertica, vi. 14. pervicus, vi. 20 + vi. 49. pervinca, ii. 16 + ii. 34. pes, vi. 40. pescia, ii. 36. pesestas, vii. 41. pessimus, viii. 9. pessulus, vi. 40. pessum, vi. 40. pestis, vii. 41. petigo, vii. 41 +i. 25. petilus, iii. 26. petimen, vii. 41. peto, vi. 45. petreia, ix. 1. petro, ix. 1. pexus, ii. 34. -piam, i. 5 + i. 2. pica, i. 18. picea, i. 18. picus, vii. 19. pigeo, iii. 28. piger, iii. 28. pignus, i. 19. pila, vi. 18. plla, ii. 1 4. pilates, vi. 117. pilentuni, vi. 18 + vi. 99. pileus, vi. 18. pilo, iv. 13 ; vi. 18. pilum, vi. 18. pllus, ii. 14. INDEX. 339 pilus, vi. 18. j lingo, i. 18. pinguis, vi. 38. pinna, vi. 4 4. pinso, vii. 41. pinuB, i. 18. piper, x. 2. pipio, ix. 3. pipo, ix. 3. pirum, x. 21 . piscis, v. 20. pisinnus, vii. 4 1. pisiti), ix. .*!. piso, vii. 41. pistana, vii. 41. pistris, vii. 41. pisuni, ii. 36. jiituita, i. 18. phis, iii. 22. pix, i. 18. placenta, i. 12. placeo, iii. 1. placitis, i. 15. placo, iii. 1. plaga, vi. 19. plaga, i. 12 ; ii. 15. plagium, ii. 15. plagula, ii. 15. plagusia, i. 1 2. planca, i. 12. plango, vi. 19. planta, i. 12 ; vi. 18. plantago, vi. 3 8. planus, i. 12. platalea, i. 12. platessa, i. 12. plaudo, vi. 19. plaustrum, ii. 15. plautus, i. 12. plebs, vi. 15. plecto, ii. 14 ; vi. 19. plenus, vi. 18. pleo, vi. 18. plerus, vi. 15. •plex, ii. 14:. plico, ii. 14. ploro, ix. 13. ploximum, ii. 15. pluma, iii. 1. plumbum, i. 20. pluo, v. 10. plurimus, vi. 15. plus, vi. 15. -plus, ii. 14. pluteus, ii. 15. poculum, x. 9. podex, vi. 40. poena, vii. 41. poeniceo, vii. 41. polenta, i. 15. polimenta, iv. 13. polio, vi. 117. pollen, i. 15. polleo, vi. 21. pollex, ii. 14. polliceor, vi. 20 + iii. 19. pollingo, vi. 20 + iii. 19. pollio, ii. 14. pollubrum, vi. 20 + vii. 35. pollueeo, vi. 20 + iii. 19. polluo, i. 15. polteo, iv. 13. poumm, x. 1. pondus, vi. 40. pone, ii. 30. pono, i. S. pons, vi. 40. popa, vi. 49. popina, iii. 26. poples, ii. 14. populor, iv. 13. populus, vi. 1 5. populus, v. 10. por, vi. 14. pora, vi. 14. porca, vii. 27. porcastrum, iii. 2. porculus, ii. 16. porous, vii. 27. porricio, vi. 20 + vi. 108. porrigo, vi. 20 + vi. 94. porrigo, vii. 28 + i. 25. porro, vi. 20. porrum, viii. 19. porta, vi. 20. portions, ii. 17. portio, iv. 14. portisculus, vi. 14. porto, vi. 20. portulaca, -cilaca, iii. 2 + vi. 92. portus, vi. 20. posca, x. 9. posco, vi. 22. possideo, vi. 41 -4- iii. 17. ppssido, vi. 41 + iii. 17. post, ii. 16. posterns, ii. 16 + vi. 9. posticus, ii. 16 + i. 1. postidea, ii. 16 + i. 1 + i. 5. postis, i. 8. postridie, ii. 16 + vi. 9 + vi. 127. postnlo, vi. 22. -pote, i. 5. pytio, vi. 41. potis, vi. 41. potus, x. 9. prae, vi. 20. praecia, vi. 20 + ix. 10. praeco, vi. 20 + ix. 8. prteda, ii. 17. pnedium, ii. 17. praedopiont, vi. 20 + vi. 47. pragnans, vi. 20 + vi. 66. premium, vi. 20 + i. 7. praenum, vii. 27. praepedio, vi. 20 + ii. 33. praspes, vi. 20 + v. 19. prasputium, vi. 20 + vi. 40. praes, ii. 17. prccs, vi. 20 + i. 9. prfesens, vi. 20 + iii. 17. pmesertim, vi. 20 + ii. 22. prsestigia, vi. 20 + i. 9 + vi. 126. prsestino, vi. 20 + i. 29. prajsto, vi. 20 + i. 29. preestolor, vi. 20 + i. 29. pra3sul, vi. 20 + iii. 18. praeter, vi. 20 + vi. 9. prastor, vi. 20. praetnra, vi. 20. prandeo, vi. 20 + vi. 101. pratum, iv. 1 1. pravus, v. 9. precarius, vi. 22. precis, iii. 2. precianus, iii. 2. precor, vi. 22. 340 INDEX. prehendo, vi. 20 + ii. 6. prelum, vi. 17. premo, vi. 17. pretium, vi. 20. pridem, vi. 20 + vi. 57. pridie, vi. 20 + vi. 127. prior, -imus, \i. 20. prisons, vi. 20. pristinus, vi. 20 + vi. 57. privatus, iv. 1 4. privignus, vi. 20 + i. 8 -t- vi. 66. privo, iv. 14. privus, iv. 14. pro, vi. 20. proh, pro, xi. 5. probrum, xi. 5. probus, vi. 117. procapis, vi. 20 + vi. 68. procax, vi. 22. procella, vi. 20 + v. 4. procer, vi. 20. procerus, vi. 20 + vi. 1. proco, vi. 22. procul, vi. 20 + iv. 10. procus, vi. 22. prodigiuni, vi. 20 + vi. 126. prod ins, vi. 20 + i. 1. proeliuin, v. 10. proin, vi. 20 + i. 1. proles, vi. 20 + vi. 86. proletarius, vi. 20 + vi. 86. prolixus, vi. 20 + vi. 93. projuvies, vi. 20 + vii. 35. prouneliere, vi. 20 + ix. 2. promenervat, vi. 20 + viii. 1. promulcum, vi. 20 + ii. 40. promulgo, vi. 20 + ix. 2. promulsis, vi. 20 + x. 20. pronus, vi. 20 + ii. 32. propages, vi. 20 4- i. 1'.'. prope, i. 13. properus, v. 9. propinquus, i. 13 ) i. 1. propitius, vi. 20 -I iii. 22. proprius, i. 13. propter, i. 13. 1" ora, vi. 20. proriga, in. z. prorito, vi. 20+ vii. 32. prosapia, vi. 20 + vi. 68. prosper, vi. 20 + vi. 22. prosumia, vi. 20 + v. 3. proteluni, vi. 20 + ii. 2S. protervus, vi. 20 + v. 11. protinis, vi. 20 + vi. 57. protinus, vi. 20 + vi. 57. pruina, vii. 29. prima, vi. 117. pruniini, iii. 2. prurio, iii. 2. -pte, i. 5. pubes, vi. 38. pudeo, v. 19. puella, vi. 38. puer, vi. 38. pugil, vi. 49. pugio, vii. 19. pugna, vi. 49. pugnus, vi. 49. pulelier, vi, 11 7. puleium, -egium, ii. 14. pulex, vii 41. pullus, i. 15 ; vi. 15. pulmo, viii. 14. pulpa, iii. 1. pulpitum, i. 12 + vL 40. pulpo, ix. 13. puis, iii. 1. pulvinus, vi. 15. pulvis, i. 15 + vii, 2S. puinex, iii. 29. puuiilus, iii. 29. pumula, iii. 29. pungo, vii. 10. punio, vii. 41. pupa, iii. 29. pupillo, ix. 13. puppis, ii. 16. pupus, iii. 29. purgo, vi. 118. purpui issuin, i. 15 + vi. 124. purus, vi. 118. pus, viii. 9. pusillus, iii. 29. pu8tula, vi. 43. pusula, vi. 43. pusus, -tus, iii. 29. puteo, iii. 26. puter, iii. 26. puteus, vi. 40. puto, vi. 118. putor, viii. 9. putus, vi. 118. puvire, vi. 49. quadrans, i. 4 + iv. 6. quadriga^, i. 4 + vi. 63. quadrimus, i. 4 + vi. 37. ([uajro, vi. 107. quajso, vi. 107. qualis, i. 5 + i. 26. qualum, ii. 5. quani, i. 5 + i. 2. •quam, i. 5. quando, i. 5 + i. 2 + vi. 57. quantus, i. 5+vi. 34. quasillum, ii. 5. quatio, v. 1 . quatuor, i. 4. que, i. 5. -que, i. 5. queo, vi. 25. quercus, vi. 4. queror, ix. 6. querquedula, ix. 6 + ix. 4. querquerus, v. 5. qui, i. 5. quidain, i. 5 + i. 34. quiesco, iii. 8. quilon, i. 23. quinquatrus, iv. 6 + vi. 1*. quinque, iv. 6. (juinquo, vi. 134. quiris, vii. 3. quirito, ix. 6. quirrito, ix. 6. quis, i. 5. quisquilise, iv. 8. quondam, i. 5 + vi. 37 + i. 34. quot, i. 5 + vi. 13. quotidie, i. 5 + vi. 13 vi. 127. quoties, -iens, i. 5 + vi. 13 + iv. 5. quum, i. 5 + vi. 37. rabies, v. 15. rabo, v. 15. INDEX. 341 rabulana, vi. 90. rabuscula, vi. 90. racco, ix. 15. racemus, iii. 2. railius, vi. 88. radix, vi. 8 9 . rado, vii. 32. raia, vii. 30. ramus, vi. 88. rana, ix. 15. rancens, viii. 18. ranco, ix. 15. rapio, ii. 53. rapum, vi. 90. rarus, iii. 34. ratio, ix. 14. ratis, ii. 56. ratus, ix. 14. rauca, x. 11. raucus, ix. 15. raudus, vii. 30. ravis, ix. 15. ravus, vi. 135. re, -red-, ii. 56. recello, ii. 56 + v. 4. recens, vi. 89. rechamus, ii. 56 + ii. 7. recito, ii. 56 + ix. 1 1. rectus, vi. 94. recupero, ii. 56 + ii. 8. redimio, ii. 56 -f i. 9. redo, ii. 56. reduvia, ii. 56 + vi. 6' 1 . refragor, ii. 56 + ix. 13. refuto, ii. 56 + iii. 26. regio, vi. 94. rego, vi. 94. religens, ii. 56 + ii. 47. religio, ii. 56 + ii. 47. remeligo, ii. 56 + iii. 3. remillmn, ii. 56 + ii. 40. remulcum, ii. 56 + ii. 40. remus, ii. 56. renes, vi. 22. renideo, ii. 56 + vi. 133. renuo, ii. 56 + ii. 6. reor, ix. 14. repens, v. 15. reperio, ii. 5o + ii. 17. replum, ii. 56 + ii. 14. repo, v. 15. repudium, ii. 56 l- i. 8. res, vi. 83. resero, ii. 66 + ii. 22. resina, iii. 24. respondeo, ii. 56 + ix. 25. restauro, ii. 56 + i. 29. restis, ii. 56. retsc, ii. 56. rete, ii. 56. retricibus, iii. 24 + iii. 19. retro, ii. 56 + vi. 9. returo, ii. 56 + vi. 11. reus, ix. 14. revimentum, ii. 56 + ii. 37. rex, vi. 94. rheda, ii. 56. rhexia, vii. 30. rica, ii. 49. ricinus, vii. 10. rictum, -us, iv. 17. rideo, ix. 19. ridica, vi. 91. rigeo, vi. ] 09. rigo, iii. 19. rima, iv. 17. rimor, iv. 17. ripa, vi. 90. rite, i. 27. ritus, i. 27. rivus, v. 6. rixa, vii. 30. robur, vi. 90. rodo, vii. 32. rogo, vi. 22. rogus, vi. 89. ros, iii. 24. rosa, viii. 19. rosina, viii. 19. rota, ii. 56. ruber, vi. 117. rubus, vii. 37. ructo, x. 1 1. rudens, ii. 56. rudis, vi. 88. rudo, ix. 19. rudus, vii. 30. rufus, vi. 1 1 7. ruga, ii. 48. rugio, ix. 15. rumen, x. 11. rumentum, vii. 37. rumex, vii. 32; vii. 37 + vii. 46. rumis, x. 1 1. rum i to, ix. 15. rumor, ix. 15. rumpo, vii. 37. rumpus, ii. 52. runa, vii. 37. runcina, vii. 30. runco, vii. 30. ruo, v. 6. rupes, vn. 3/. rupex, vii. 37. rus, vii. 37. ruscum, ii. 56. ruspor, vii. 37. russus, v. 14. ruta, vii. 32. rutilus, vi. 135. rutuba, v. 6 + v. 2-f. -s, i. 9. sabulum, vii. 15. saburra, vii. 15. sacco, vii. 48. saccus, ii. 29. sacer, vii 16. sacopenium, vii. 48 + i. 18. saspe, i. 30 + i. 8. saevus, vii. 18. sagax, vi. 125. sagina, vi. 71. sagio, vi. 125. sagitta, vii. 7. sagmen, vii. 16. sagus, vi. 125. sal, v. 7. salaputium, v. 7 + vi. 40. salar, v. 7. salebra, v. 7. salio, v. 7. saliunca, ii. 22 + ii. 32. saliva, i. 24. salix, ii. 22+ii. 32. sal mo, v. 7. salpa, ii. 22. salpuga, vii. 14 + vii. 19. saltern, vi. 105. saltus, vi. 81. salum, v. 7. 342 INDEX. sains, vi. 105. salvia, vi. 105. salvus, vi. 105. sambucus, ii. 42 + ii. 34. samera, vii 18. sampsa, i. 20. sancio, vii. 16. sandala, vi. 132. sandapila, iv. 8 + ii. 15. sandaresus, vi. 132 + vi. 137. sanguis, v. 27. sanies, v. 27. sanna, v. 27. santerna, i. 32. sanns, vi. 104. sapa, x. 19. saperda, x. 19. saperda, x. 19. sapiens, x. 19. sapinns, iv. 12. sapio, x. 19. sapo, i. 15. sapor, x. 19. sappium, iv. 12. sarcio, ii. 22. sarda, v. 6. sardo, vi. 4. sarpo, vii. 14. sarracum, vi. S4. sarrio, vii. 13. sartago, vii. 13. satanaria, vii. 22. satelles, i. 32+ i, 2!'. satis, vi. 71. satur, vi. 71. satureia, viii. 21. saturnus, vi. 64 + vi. 9. saucins, iii. 10. savrix, vii. 14. saxum, vii. 8. scabies, vii. 8. scabo, vii. 8. pcsevus, v. 2. scala, v. 2. scalpo, vii. 7. scando, v. 2. scandula, iv. 8. scapula-, ii. 29. scapua, vi. 63. scardia, vi. 69. scarifico, vii. 7- scateo, v. 2. scelus, v. 2. scena, vii. 7. scindo, iv. 8. scintilla, v. 2. scio, vi. 125. scipio, vi. 63. scirpo, ii. 28 + ii. 52. scirpus, ii. 28 + ii. 52. scisco, vi. 125. scitus, vi. 125. scobina, vii. 8. scobis, vii. 8. scopa, vii. 15. scopaj, vii. 15. scopio, vi. 63. scopulus, vi. 69. scopus, vi. 63. scordalus, ix. 6. scortes, ii. 29. scortum, ii. 29 ; vii. 7. scrapta, vii. 7. scratta, vii. 7. screo, viii. 7. scriblita, vi. 129 + vii. 31. scribo, vii. 7. scrobis, vii. 7. scrofa, vi. 69. scrofuloe, vi. 69. scrotum, ii. 29. scrupeda, vii. 7. scrupus, vii. 8. scruta, vii. 8. scrutillus, vii. 8. scrutor, vii. 8. sculna, iv. 8. sculpo, vii. 7. scurra, viii. 7. scuta, iv. 8. scutale, ii. 28 + ii. 18. scutica, ii. 28. scutilus, iii. 10. scutra, iv. 8. scutula, vi. 69. scutuluui, ii. 2' 1 . scutum, ii. 29. se, viii. 5. se-, sed-, iv. 19. sebum, i. 15. secale, vii. 7. secespita, vii. 7 + vii. 17. secessiones, ix. -'-'■ seco, vii. 7. secta, i. 30. seetus, ix. 26. seculum, vi. 64. secundus, i. 30. securis, vii. 7 + vii. 27. secus, i. 30 ; iv. 8. sed, seduin, iv. 19. sedeo, iii. 17. seditio, iv. 19 + i. 1. sedo, iii. 17. sedum, vi. 64. seges, vi. 73. segestre, ii. 29. segnis, iii. 10. segullum, vi. 125 + vi 129. selago, vii. 14. seliquastrum, iii. 18 + iii. 9. sella, iii. 18. semel, iv. 7. semi-, i. 32. semita, vii. 18. semper, vi. 64+ vi. 27. senex, vi. 64. sensim, vi. 64. sententia, viii. 5. sentina, v. 27. sentio, viii. 5. sentis, vii. 7. sentix, vii. 7. sentus, vii. 7. sepelio, ii. 25. seplasium, i. 15. seps, ii. 25. septeni, iv. 7. septentriones, iv. 7 + vi. 128. sequester, iv. 8. sequius, iv. 8. sequor, i. 30. sera, ii. 22. serenus, vi. 131. seresco, vii. 1 3. seria, ii. 23. series, ii. 22. serius, vi. 84. sermo, ii. 22. INDEX. 343 sero, i. 1 ; ii. 22. serperastra, ii. 22 + ii. 16. serpo, v. 6. serra, v. 6 ; vii. 14. serraculum, v. (j. sertum, ii. 22. serum, v. 6. serus, iii. 10. servia, ii. 22 + ii. 37. servo, ii. 23. s rvus, ii. 23. sesqui, iv. 7 + iv. 8. seta, vii. 13. severus, vii. 18. sex, iv. 7. sextans, iv. 7 + iv. 6. sexus, i. 30. si, i. 5. sibilus, ix. 3. sibus, viii. 5. sic, i. 3 + i. 5. sica, vii. 7. siccus, vii. 8. sicilicus, iv. 8. sido, iii. 17. sidus, vi. 128. signum, vi. 12;". sil, i. 24. silaus, iii. 18. sileo, iii. 18. siler, ii. 22. silex, vii. 2. silicernium, iii. 18 + x. 4. silicia, vii. 14. siligo, vii. 14. siliqua, ii. 23 + ii. 47. silus, viii. 21. silva, vi. 81. simila, vii. 18. similago, vii. 18. similis, i. 32. simitu, i. 32 + vi. 57. simplex, iv. 7 + ii. 14. simplus, iv. 7 + ii. 14. simpulum, ii. 25. simpuvium, ii. 25. simul, i. 32. simultas, i. 32 + vii. 45. simus, viii. 20. sin, i. 5 + iv. 4. sincerus, iv. 19 + i. 23. sine, iv. 19. singultus, ix. 24 + ix. 7. singulus, iv. 7. sinister, v. 3 + vi. 9. sino, iii. 17. sinuin, ii. 58. sinus, ii. 58. sinus, ii. 58. sipaiium, ii. 25. -sipo, v. 1. sircitula, x. 22. sircula, x. 22. sirium, x. 22. sirius, vi. 131. sirpe, viii. 21. sisara, vii. 13. siser, vii. 7. sison, vii. 7. sitis, x. 8. situla, x. 8. situs, i. 24 ; iii. 17. sobrinus, i. 31 + vi. 17. sobrius, iv. 19 + x. 10. soccus, ii. 29. socer, i. 31 + vi. 4. socius, i. 30. socors, iv. 19 + vi. 6. .^odalis, iii. 17. sol, vi. 131. solea, i. 12. soleo, iii. 18. solidus, ii. 23. solipuga, vii. 14 + vii. 19. solistimus, i. 12 + i. 2. solium, iii. 18. sollennis, ii. 23 + vi. 37. sollers, ii. 23 + i. 26. sollicitus, ii. 23 + v. 1. sollus, ii. 23. solor, iii. 18. solox, vii. 13. solum, i. 12. solus, iv. 19. solvo, iv. 19 + iii. 19. somnus, iii. 14. sono, ix. 24. sons, vii. 9. sopor, iii. 14. sorbeo, x. 16. sorbum, vii. 14. sordes, i. 24. sorex, vii. 1 4. Borix, vii. 14. soror, vi. 80. sors, iv. 18. sortior, iv. 18. sos, i. 3. i-".-pes, vi. 104 + vi. 41. spagas, i. 15. spargo, iv. 12. sparus, v. 3 ; vii. 17. spatium, iv. 12. specio, vi. 120. specus, iv. 12. spelta, iv. 12. spelunca, iv. 12. sperno, iv. 12. spero, vi. 22. spes, vi. 22. spica, vii. 17. spina, vii. 17. spinea, vii. 17. spinturnix, ix. 3 + ix. 4 + v. 28. spionia, vii. 17. spiritus, viii. 5. spiro, viii. 5. spissus, vi. 40. splendeo, vi. 130. spolium, ii. 25. sponda, iv. 12. spondeo, ix. 25. sponte, viii. 5. sporta, ii. 27. spuma, vi. 113. spuo, viii. 9. spurcus, viii. 9. spurium, vi. 22. spurius, vi. 22. squaleo, vii. 8. squalus, vii. 7. squama, ii. 29. squarrosus, vii. 8. squatina, vii. 7. st, xi. 7. stagnum, i. 29. stagnum, stannum, vi. 128. stamen, i. 29 + ii. 38. stats, vi. 128. statera, i. 29. statim, i. 29. 344 INDEX. statuo, i. 29. stella, vi. 128. stellatura, iv. 19. stephanomelis, ii. 22 + ii. 40. stercus, viii. 9 + viii. 7. sterilis, i. 29. sterno, vii. 47. sternuo, viii. 9. sterto, ix. 4. Btilla, iii. 17. stilus, vi. 71. -stim-, i. 2. stimulus, vi. 72. stinguo, viii. 17. -stino, i. 29. stipes, vi. 71. stipo, vi. 71. stips, vi. 71. stipula, vi. 71. stipulor, vi. 71. stipuhim, vi. 71. stiria, i. 29. stirps, vi. 9, stiva, i. 29. stlata, iv. 13. stlembus, iii. 12. stloppus, vi. 5. sto, i. 29. stolidus, iii. 12. stolo, vi. 71. storea, vii. 47. strages, vii. 47. stragulum, vii. 47. strangulo, vi. 71. strena. vi. 128. strenuus, vi. 71. strepo, ix. 17. stria, vii. 47. stribligo, ii. 22. strideo, ix. 4. striga, vii. 47. striga, ix. 4. strigilis, vii. 47. strigo, iii. 1.'!. strigosus, iii. 13. stringo, vi. 71 ; vii. 47. strittare, iii. 13. strix, vii. 47. strix, ix. 4. strnes, vi. 9. struix, vi. 9. struma, vi. 9. strumus, iii. 13. struo, vi. 9. struppus, ii. 22. studeo, vi. 106. stultus, iii. 12. stupeo, iii. 15. stuprum, vi. 72. sturnus, ix. 4. suadeo, ix. 24. suasum, i. 24. sua vis, x. 19. suavium, ix. 3. sub, vi. 62. suber, ii. 25. subidus, viii. 5. subis, ix. 3. sublecto, vi. 62 + iii. 19. sublestus, vi. 62 + iii. 33. sublica, vi. 62 + vi. 92. sublimis, vi. 62 + ii. 46. subo, iii. 14. suboles, vi. 62+vi. 86. subscus, vi. 62 + vii. 15. subtel, vi. 62 + i. 12. subtemen, vi. 62 + ii. 28. subter, vi. 62 + i. 1. subtilis, vii. 18 + vii. 40. subucula, ii. 25. subulcus, ix. 24 + ii. 15. subulo, ix. 3. sucerda, ix. 24 + viii. 7. sucinum, x. 12. sucus, x. 12. sudes, vi. 72. sudo, iii. 14. sudus, vi. 131. sueo, viii. 5. suesco, viii. 5. surfio, vi. 62 + viii. 21. suffiscus, vi. 62 + ii. 36. sufHameu, vi. 62 + vi. 18. suffoco, vi. 62 + viii. 12. suffrage-, vi. 62 + ii. 16 + ii. 9. suffragor, vi. 62 + ix. 13. sugillo, vii. 8. sugo, x. 12. sui, viii. 5. sulcus, vii. 14. sulevise, vi. 81. sulfur, viii. 21+ viii. 19. sum, iii. 17. summus, vi. 62. sumo, vi. 62+ i. 7. suo, ii. 22. supat, v. 1. supellex, vi. 62 + iii. 19. super, vi. 62. superficies, vi. 62 + vi. 120. superstitio, vi. 62 + i. 29. supinus, vi. 62. supo, v. 1. supparum, ii. 25. suppedito, vi. 62 + vi. 45. supplex, vi. 62 + ii. 14. supplicium, vi. 62 + \ i. 19. suppus, vi. 62. supra, vi. 62. sura, vi. 81. surculus, vi. 81. surdus, iv. 19+ix. 27. surena, ii. 22. surgo, vi. (i2 + vi. 94. surio, vi. 80. sums, vi. 81. sus, ix. 24. sus-, vi. 62 + i. 9. - susurrus, ix. 24. suus, viii. 5. tabanus, vii. 42. tabeo, iii. 15. taberna, ii. 24+ii. 57. tabula, i. 33. taceo, iii. 11. tffida, vi. 127. tsedet, iii. 11. talasio, iii. 12. talea, vii. 40. talipedo, iii. 12 + vi. 40. talis, i. 3 + i. 26. talitrum, ii. 18. talla, ii. 19. talpa, vii. 40. talus, ii. 18. tain, i. 3. tama, vi. 75. tamarix, v. 3 i. tamen, i. 3 + i. 16. INDEX. 345 tamiuare, i. 20. fcaminia, tunmus, i. 20. tandem, vi. 57. tango, i. 21. laniacse, vi. 57. tantisper, i. 3 + vi. 34 + vi. 27. tantus, i. 3 + vi. 34. tapete, vi. 60. tardus, iii. 13. tarmes, vii. 39 + vii. 44. tarum, ii. 21. tasconium, i. 21. tat, xi. 7. tata, vi. 58. tatae, xi. 7. taurus, i. 29. taxa, ii. 28. taxo, i. 33. taxoninus, vii. 24. taxus, ii. 28. -te, i. 4. teba, vi. 53. tego, ii. 29. tela, ii. 28. telanae, ii. 19. telicardios, ii. 19 + vi. 6. telirrhizos, ii. 19 + vi. 23. tellus, i. 12 + iv. 14. telum, vii. 24. temere, v. 33. temero, i. 20. temetum, v. 33. temno, viii. 9. temo, ii. 28 ; vi. 13. tempero, i. 34. tempestas, vi. 57 + vi. 27 ; viii. 16 + vii. 41 . templum, iv. 2. tempus, i. 34. tempus, vi. 57 + vi. 27. temulentus, v. 33. tendo, vi. 57. tenebne, ii. 24. teneo, vi. 57. tener, iii. 11. tensa, v. 26. tento, vi. 57. tenuis, iii. 11. tenus, vi. 57. tepeo, vi. 138. -ter, i. 1 ; vi. 9. terebra, vii. 39. teredo, vii. 39. teres, vii. 39. tergo, vii. 39. tergum, ii. 21. termes, vi. 9 + vi. :;.". terminus, vi. 9. termo, vi. 9. -ternus, vi. 9. tero, vii. 39. terra, vi. 9. terreo, v. 11. terticeps, i. 3 + vi. 77. tesca, iv. 1. testa, i. 29. testis, i. 29; vi. 126. testu, i. 29. testudo, i. 29. teta, ix. 3. teter, iii. 11. tetrinnio, ix. 4. texo, ii. 28. thesarica, vii. 13. thus, viii. 16. tibia, vi. 60. tibulus, vi. 60. tignuni, vi. 53. tilia, ii. 19. -tim-, i. 2. timeo, iii. 15. tina, ii. 58. tinea, tinea, x. 3. tingo, iii. 16. tiniaria, vi. 57. tinnio, ix. 5. tinnunculus, ix. 5. tintinno, ix. 5. tinus, vi. 57. -tinus, vi. 57. tippula, vi. 60. tiro, iii. 13. titillo, vii. 40. titio, vi. 127. titivillicium, iii. 11 + iii. 1. titubo, vi. 74. titulus, vi. 127. todi, iii. 11. todilli, iii. 11. tofus, iii. 15. toga, ii. 29. tolero, vi. 12. tollo, vi. 12. tolutim, ii. 18. tomentum, vi. 60. tondeo, iv. 3 + iv. 1. toogere, vi. 12'i. tono, ix. 17. topia, i. 33. -tor, vi. 9. tores, ii. 20. torno, ii. 20. torpeo, iii. 13. torqueo, ii. 20 + ii. 5. torrens, vii. 39. torreo, vii. 13. torus, vi. 9. torvus, vii. 39. tot, i. 3 + vi. 13. toties, i. 3 + vi. 13 + iv. 5. totjugus, i. 3 + vi. 13 f i. 6. totus, vi. 58. -tra, -tro, vi. 9. trabea, vi. 11. trabs, vi. 11. tragula, vii. 39. tragum, x. 3. traho, vi. 11. trama, ii. 20. trames, vi. 9 + v. 22. tranquillus, iii. 13 + iii. 6. trans, vi. 9. transenna, ii. 20 + ii. 58. tremis, i. 3 + i. 32. tremo, v. 11. trepidus, v. 11. tres, i. 3. triatrus, i. 3 + vi. 9. tribus, i. 3 + vi. 38. tricaj, ii. 20. trichila, ii. 20. triens, i. 3 +iv. 6. triginta, i. 3 + iv. 7. trimus, i. 3 + vi. 37. triones, vi. 128. tripudium, vi. 11 + vi. 40. triquetrus, i. 3 + vii. 11. trisso, ix. 4. tristis, vii. 39. tiit, ix. 4. 346 INDEX. triticum. vii. 39. triumphus, iii. 13. trixago, -ssago, ii. 20. trixis, vi. 9. tropis, iii. 13. trua, ii. 20. trucido, vii. 39 + vii. 11. tructa, x. 3. trudo, vi. 11. trulla, ii. 20. -trum, vi. 9. truncus, vii. 39. truo, ii. 20. trutina, vi. 1 1. trux, vii. 39. tn, i. 4. tuba, ii. 24. tuber, vi. 53. tuber, vi. 53. tuburcinor, vii. 42 + x. 10. tubus, ii. 24. tude.s, vi. 74. tueor, ii. 24 ; vi. 127? tugurium, ii. 29. tuli, vi. 12. turn, i. 3 + vi. 37. -turn, vi. 57. tumeo, vi. 75. tumultus, v. 33. tumulus, vi. 75. tundo, vi. 74. tunica, ii. 24. turba, v. 11. turbo, ii. 20. turdus, ix. 4. turgeo, vi. 9. turio, vi. 9. turma, v. 11. -turnus, vi. 9. turpis, viii. 9. turris, ii. 21. turtur, ix. 4. turunda, vi. 1 1. -turus, vi. 9. -tus, i. 1. tus, viii. 16. tussilago, ix. 18 -f- vi. 92. tussis, ix. 18. tute, i. 4 + i. 3. tutulus, vi. 10. tympanum, vi. 74. uber, vi. 34. ubi, i. 5 + i. 8. udo, ii. 36. udus, iii. 27. ulciscor, vii. 31. ulcus, vii. 31. -ulentus, p. 269. ulex, vii. 4. uligo, iii. 1. ullus, i. 5. ulinus, ii. 51. ulna, ii. 1. ulpicum, vi. 96. uls, i. 5 + i. 9. ultra, i. 5 + vi. 9. ultro, i. 5 + vi. 9. ulucus, ix. 20. ulula, ix. 20. ululo, ix. 20. ulva, iii. 1. umbilicus, vi. 7S. umbo, vi. 78. umbra, ii. 17. uncia, iv. 7. uncus, ii. 9. unda, v. 18. unde, i. 5 + i. 1. unedo, ii. 32. ungo, i. 18. unguis, vii. 20. ungulus, ii. 9. unquam, vi. 37 + i. 5. unus, iv. 5. upupa, ix. 1. urbs, ii. 53. urceus, ii. 49. ui'geo, vi. 25. -uria, vi. 23. urica, x. 11. urina, v. 9. urinor, v. 9. urna, ii. 57. -urnus, vi. 8. uro, vi. 116. urruncum, vii. 34. ursus, vii. 30. urtica, vii. 32. urvo, vii. 27. urvum, vii. 27. -us, i. 9. uspiam, vi. 37 + i. 5. usquam, vi. 37 + i. 5. usque, vi. 37 + i. 5. usta, vi. 116. ustilago, vi. 116 + vi. 92. usurpo, xi. 3 + ii. 53. usus, xi. 3. ut, uti, i. 5. liter, vi. 34. liter, i. 5 + vi. 9. uterus, vi. 34. utor, xi. 3. uva, iii. 27. uvens, iii. 27. uxor, vi. 50. vacca, vi. 50. vaccinium, vi. 120. vacerra, ii. 34. vacillo, v. 30. vaco, iv. 5. vado, v. 17. vadum, iii. 27. vae, xi. 4. vafer, v. 23. vagina, ii. 35. vagio, ix. 2. vagor, v. 30. vah, xi. 4. valeo, vi. 25. Valeria, r. 23 + v. 1 3. valgus, ii. 14. vallescit, iii. 1. vallis, ii. 10. vallum, ii. 11. vallus, vi. 24. valvae, ii. 11. vanga, vii. 20. vannus, viii. 12. vanus, iii. 29. vapidus, viii. 13. vapor, viii. 13. vappa, viii. 13. vappo, v. 23. vapulo, vi. 19. varius, v. 9. varix, vi. 23. varo, iii. 2. varus, iv. 14. varus, vi. 23. vas, -dis, ii. 33. vas, -sis, ii. 36. INDKX. 347 vascuB, ix. 2. vastus, iv. 6. vates, v. 17. vatica, v. 17. vatius, ii. 32. vatrax, ii. 32. -ve, i. 5. ve-, iv. 5. vectigal, ii. 35 + ii. 29. vegeo, vi. 51. vehemens, vi. 49. veho, vi. 49. vel, i. 5. veles, v. 10. vello, vi. 24. vellus, iii. 1. velo,'ii. 11. velox, v. 10 + v. 1. vena, ii. 32. vendo, vi. 42 + iv. 1. venenum, i. IS. veneo, vi. 42 + v. 24. veneror, vi. 52. venetus, v. 18. venia, vi. 52. venio, i. 16. venor, vi. 52. venter, vi. 34. ventus, viii. 12. venus, vi. 52. venus, vi. 42. venustus, vi. 52. vepres, ii. 37. ver, vi. 116. veratrum, iii. 2. verbascum, iii. 2. verbena?, iii. 2. verber, vi. 19. verbum, ix. 14. veredus, v. 9 + v. 24. vereor, vii. 29. veretnun, vi. 26. vergiliie, ii. 12. verge-, ii. 12. vermina, ii. 12 + ii. 38. vermis, ii. 12 + ii. 38. verna, vi. 23. vernisera, x. 7 + vi. 128. verpa, vii. 27. verpus, vii. 27. verres, iii. 2. verro, vii. 28. verruca, vi. 23 + vii. 30. verrunco, ii. 12. verto, ii. 12. ■''veru, vii. 27. verus, vi. 27. vervago, vii. 27. vervex, iii. 2 + ix. 1. vescor, x. 1. vescus, iii. 27. vesica, ii. 36. vespa, vii. 25. vespse, ii. 36. vesper, iii. 27 + vi. 27. vespices, iii. 27. vespillo, ii. 36 + ii. 15. Vesta, vi. 11'". vestibulum, ii. 36. vesticeps, vi. 52 + ii. 8. vestigium, i. 9 + vi. 71. vestis, ii. 36. veto, iv. 5. vetus, vi. 34. vexillum, v. 30. vexo, v. 30. via, v. 23. vibex, ii. 37. vibia, ii. 37. vibones, ii. 3 T . vibrissas, vii. 26. vibro, v. 23. viburnum, ii. 37 + ii. 12. vicia, ii. 34. vicinus, i. 17. vicis, ii. 34. victima, vi. 52. vicus, i. 1 7. video, vi. 119. vidulus, ii. 33. viduus, iv. 6. vieo, ii. 37. viesco, vii. 8. vigeo, vi. 51. vigil, vi. 51. viginti, i. 6 + iv. 7. vilis, xi. 4. villa, ii. 11. villus, iii. 1. vimen, ii. 37 + ii. 38. vinca, ii. 34. vincio, ii. 34. \ inco, vi. 49. vindex, ii. 33 + vi. 126. vinnulus, vi. 52. vinum, vi. 102. \io, v. 23. viola, viii. 21. violo, vi. 25. vipera, ii. . - !7. vipio, ii. 37. vir, vi. 23. vireo, vi. 23. virga, vi. 2:!. virgo, vi. 23. virias, ii. 12. vinculum, vii. 27. viridis, vi. 23. virtus, vi. 23. virus, i. 18. vi-, vi. 25. viscum, i. 18. viscus, i. 18. vispellio, ii. 36 + ii. 15. visula, ii. 32. vita, vi. 102. vitex, ii. 32. vitiligo, v. 17 + i. 25. vitis, ii. 32. vitium, v. 17. vito, v. 17. vitricus, i. 8 + vi. 9 + i. 2. vitruui, vi. 119. vitta, ii. 32. vitulor, vi. 52. vitulus, vi. 34. viverra, v. 9. vivo, vi. 103. vix, vi. 51. voco, ix. 2. vola, ii. 10. volema, vi. 23. volgiolus, vii. 28. vodo, v. 10. volo, vi. 26. volupe, vi. 26. voluptas, vi. 26. volva, vulva, ii. 11. volvo, ii. 10. vomer, iv. 6 + iv. 16 vomica, vi. 44. vomo, viii. 6. vopiscus, vi. 47. 348 INDEX. voro, x. 10. voveo, vi. 52. vox, ix. 2. vulcanus, vi. 117. vulgus, vi. 23. vulnus, vii. 27. vulpes, ii. 11 + ii. 51. vultur, x. 7 + ix. 4. vultus. vi. 1 17. GOTHIC. The words under each initial arc put in Dicfcnbach's order. aba, vi. 41. abrs, vi. 41. agis, xi. 2. agga, ii. 9. aggvus, i. 10. agls, xi. 2. ada, vi. 58. ael, vii. 38. aquizi, vii. 9. azgo, vii. 8. azetaba, iii. 17. aha, viii. 4. ahana, vii. 6. ahma, viii. 4. ahyan, viii. 4. ahs, vii. 3. ahtau, iv. 7. aththan, vi. 59 + i. 3. athn, vi. 57. aigan, i. 21. aiz, vi. 137. aihtron, vi. 108. aihva-, v. 1. aithei, vi. 58. aiththau, i. 5. aiths, ix. 10. aikan, ix. 10. ains, iv. 5. air, vi. 8:?. aiizis, v. 13. airtha, vi. 83. airknis, vi. 97. airus, v. 13. aistan, viii. 5. aiviski, viii. 7. aiv8, v. 24. aihvatundi, v. 1+vi. 57. ak, vi. 50. akran, vi. 1. akrs, vi. 63. alan, vi. 86. aleina, ii. 1. alev, i. 24. alhs, vii. 38. althans, vi. 87. alis, i. 5. alls, ii. 11. alyan, vi. 97. amsa, ii. 7. an, i. 5. ana, vi. 110. anaks, vi. 110 + v. 1. anan, viii. 1. anil, vi. 110. andbahts, vi. 110 + vii. 1 9. andeis, vi. 110. anthar, i. 5 + vi. 9. anno, vi. 101. ans, vi. 82. ansts, iii. 30. ayukduth, v. 24 + vi. 57. augyan, vi. 120. augo, vi. 120. aud-, vi. 34. auhns, vi. 120. auhyon, ix. 2. auhuma, vi. 50. auhsa, iii. 28. auths, iv. 6. auk, vi. 50. aukan, vi. 50. aurtigards, vi. 23 + ii. 4. auso, ix. 27. aufto, vi. 62. ara, v. 13. arbaiths, vii. 37. arbi, vi. 90. ark.'i, ii. 49. arman, vii. 37. arms, i. 26 ; vii. 37. arniba, ii. 57. aryan, vii. 37. aivyo, v. 15. arhvazna, ii. 48 + vii. 25. asans, i. 32. asneis, i. 32. asts, vi. 73. at, i. 1. atathni, vi. 57. atisks, x. 3. atyan, x. 3. atta, vi. 58. avethi, iii. 27. avo, i. 8. af, iv. 6. afar, ii. 1(5. afta, ii. 16. ahva, v. 25 + v. 1 . -ba, i. 8. baar, vi. 17. bagms, vi. 48. badi, vi. 40. bai, i. 8. bayoths, i. 8 + i. 5. baidyan, i. 8. baina-bagins, vi. 40 + vi. 48. bairan, vi. 17. bairgs, vi. 14. bairgan, ii. 17. baithts, vi. 11 7. baitrs, x. 1. balgs, ii. 15. baltha, vi. 18. balva-vesei, vi. 19 + iii. 27. bandva, vi. 115. banya, vii. 26. bansts, ii. 31. barn, vi. 17. bauan, vi. 38. baugyan, ii. 34. bauths, iii. 2'!. baidyan, vi. 15. INDEX. 349 baur, vi. 17. baurga, ii. 17. baurd, i. 12. baurts, vi. 17. bauryaba, vi. 17. barizeins, vii. 28. barms, ii. 17. barn, vi. 17. baruanyan, vi. 17. bars, vii. 28. basi, x. 1, batiza, vi. 39. beidan, i. 8. beist, vi. 43. beitan, x. 1. berusyos, vi. 17. bi, i. 8. biari, v. 9. bidyan, ix. 2. bindan, ii. 33. biugan, ii. 34. biudan, ix. 2. binds, vi. 40. blandan, i. If). blauthyan, i. 15. bleitlis, iii. 1. blesan, viii. 14. blaggvus, vi. 1 1 7. bliggvan, vi. 19. blinds, i. 15. bloth, vi. 15. bloma, vi. 15. blot an, iii. 1. bnauan, vii. 26. bugyan, ii. 35. busns, ix. 2. braids, iv. 14. brakya, vi. 17. brahv, ii. 17. breen, vii. 29. briggan, vi. 17. brikan, iv. 6 ; vi. 17. brinnan, vi. 117. bruths, vi. 17. bruks, vi. 17. brunna, vi. 14. brunyo, ii. 17. brusts, vi. 14. broe, vii. 29. brothar, vi. 17 -i \ i. \'. boka, ii. 34. bota, vi. 39. daban, i. 33. dobs, i. 33. dags, vi. 126. daddy an, x. 8. daigs, i. 21. dails, iv. 18. dal, ii. 18. dammyan, vi. 76. daubs, iii. 15. dauds, vi. 106. dauhtar, vi. 53 + vi. 9. daunts, vi. 53. dauths, iii. 11. daukans, vi. 53. dauns, viii. 16. daupyan, vi. 60. daur, ii. 20. daursan, vi. 11. deds, i. 1. deigan, i. 21. -deina, vii. 43. -deisei, i. 1. digrei, vi. 53. dikis, i. 21. diups, vi. 60. dius, v. 24. dis-, iv. 1. divans, iii. 1 1. du, i. 1. dubo, ix. 18. dugan, vi. 53. dulgs, vi. 12. dulths, vi. 12. dumbs, iii. 15. draban, vii. 39. dragan, vi. 11. drauhsna, iii. 13. drausna, iii. 13. dreiban, vi. 1 1, drigkan, x. 8. driugan, vii. 39. driusan, iii. 13. drunyus, ix. 4. drobyan, v. 11. dvaltnon, iii. 12. dvals, iii. 12. dobnan, iii. 15. douis, vi. 76. -ei, i. 5. eisarn, vi. 137. etin, x. 3. faginon, vi. 120. fagrs, i. 19. fadar, vi. 38 + vi. 9. fahan, ii. 35. faheths, vi. 120. fahyan, i. 19. fatha, ii. 33. -faths, vi. 41. faian, viii. 9. faih, i. IS. faihu, ii. 35 faihus, i. 18. fair-, vi. 20. fairguni, vi. 20 + vi. 66. fairzna, vi. 17. fairina, vi. 20. fairnis, vi. 20. fairra, vi. 20. fairhvyan, viii. 14. fairhvus, viii. 14. falthan, ii. 14. -faiths, ii. 14. fan a, ii. 30. fani, iii. 28. fauho, ii. 35. faur, vi. 20. faura, vi. 20. faurds, ii. 17. faurhts, vii. 29. faurthis, vi. 20. faurs, ii. 17. faran, vi. 20. faryan, vi. 20. fastan, i. 8. favs, iii. 29. fehaba, i. lit. feinan, vii. 4 I. fera, iv. 11. ferya, ii. 17. fers, viii. 14. fetyan, i. 8. figgrs, ii. 34. fidvor, i. 4. filhan, ii. 15. -fill, ii. 15. filu, vi. 15. timf, iv. 6. finthan, vi. 45. riyan, viii. 9. risks, v. 20. 350 INDEX. Stan, vi. 40. gaurs, ix. 6. hairdo, ii. 4. flahtom, ii. 14. gards, ii. 4. hairthra, vi. 6. flautan, ix. 13. gasts, iii. 9. hairus, vii. 3. flekan, vi. 19. gatvo, v. 1. hairto, vi. 6. flodus, v. 10. gavi, vi. 67. hais, vi. 124. fugls, v. 32. geigan, i. 21. haists, iv. 8. fula, vi. 15. geiggan, i. 21. haitan, ix. 11. fulgins, ii. 15. geiro, vi. 7. haifsts, vi. 5. fulls, vi. 18. fuls, viii. 10. geisnan, viii. -1. giban, ii. 8. haifts, vi. 5. hakuls, ii. 2. fra-, vi. 20. gibla, vi. 77. halbs, i. 13. fragith, vi. 20. gild, vi. 5. haldan, ii. 2. frathyan, vi. 1 1 7. fraihnan, vi. 22. giltha, vii. 4. gilstr, vi. 5. haldis, ii. 1. halis, vi. 8. fraisan, vi. 20. ginnan, vi. 66. halks, ii. 1. fraiv, vi. 16. giutan, v. 1. hallus, vii. 2. fram, vi. 20. gistradagis, iii. 9 + vi. 1 26- halya, ii. 2. framatheis, vi. 20. gitan, i. 22. hals, ii. 1. frauya, vi. 20. frast«, vi. 16. glaggvuba, vi. 129. glitmunyan, vi. 129 + vi. halts, v. 4. hamon, ii. 8. freidyan, iii. 2. 121. hana, ix. 8. freihals, v. 9 + v. 4. gudya, vi. 130. handugs, ii. 6. freis, v. 9. guth, vi. 130. handus, ii. 6. fri-, vi. 20. frithon, iii. 2. gulth, vi. 129. guina, viii. 4. hansa, i. 31. hanfs, vii. 5. -friks, vi. 22. gund, v. 1. haubith, vi. 77. friyon, vi. 22. graban, vii. 3. hauhs, vi. 70. friyonds, vi. 22. frius, vii. 29. gramyan, ix. C. gramst, vii. 1. hauitha, iii. 8. hauns, iii. 21. frums, vi. 20. grans, vii. 1. haurds, ii. 3. froths, vi. ] 17. gras, vi. 1. hauri, vi. 129. fod\ an, x. 1 . gredus, vi. 7. haurn, vi. 4. fodr, ii. 33. fon, vi. 118. greipan, ii. 4. gretan, ix. 6. hausyan, ix. 27. hardus, vi. 4. fotus, vi. 40. ga-grefts, i. 31 + ii. 4. haryis, ii. 4. ga, i. 31. grids, iv. 9. hatan, viii. 4. gabei, ii. 8. grinda-, vii. 1. havi, vi. 107. gaggan, v. 1. gadiliggs, i. 22 + i. 2 I. grudya, ix. 7. grundus, vii. 1. liafyan, vi. 77. haftvan, ii. 8. gazds, vii. 9. iXuds, vi. 107 hafts, ii. 8. gaidv, iv. 8. gailyan, vii. 6. golyan, ix. 7. -h, i. 5. hethyo, iii. 9. heito, vii. 9. gairdan, ii. 4. haban, ii. 8. heiva-, iii. 9. gairu, vii. 3. gaisnan, viii. 4. liazyan, ix. 11. liahan, ii. 9. her, i. 5 + i. 1. hi, i. 5. gaitei, v. 2. haidus, iii. 9. hidre, i. 5 + vi. 9. galga, vi. 5. haihs, ii. 29. hilms, ii. 2. gatnains, i. 31 + ii. 39. haithi, iii. 9. hilpan, vi. 6. gansyan, vi. 66. haithno, iii. 9. hiniins, ii. 8. gaumyan, viii. 4. hails, vi. 6. hindana, i. 5 + iv. 4 + i . 1 gaunon, ix. 8. hainis, ii. 8. hinthan, ii. 6. INDEX. 351 hiuhma, vi. 70. hiuma, vi. 70. hiufan, ix. 12. hita, i. 5. hivi, vi. 130. hlahyan, ix. 7. hlathan, vi. 5. hlaiba, vi. 129. hlains, vi. 2. hlaiv, vi. 2. hlaifs, vi. 129. hlatmu, ii. 2. hlaupan, v. 4. hlauts, iv. 10. Ill as, vii. 6. hleibyan, vi. 6. hleiduma, v. 4. hleithra, ii. 2. hliva, ii. 2. hliuth, ix. 27. Iilinma, ix. 27. hlifan, ii. 2. hlutrs, vii. 2. hluhyan, ix. 7. hnasqvus, iii. 21. hneivan, ii. 6. hniupan, ii. 6. hnutho, vii. 5. linuto, vii. 5. huggryan, vi. 10S. hugs, in., viii. 4. hugs, n., ii. 5. huzd, ii. 5. huhyan, ii. 5. huhrua, vi. 108. hulths, iii. 6. hulyan, ii. 2. hulon, ii. 1. -hun, i. 5. -hunda, iv. 7. hunds, ix. 8. hunyan, vi. 10S. hups, vi. 77. hus, ii. 5. hrains, vii. 1. hraiva-, ix. 6. hramyan, vi. 4. hrisyan, v. 5. hrugga, ii. 3. hruk, ix. 6. Iiruskan, ix. 6. hrothi-igs, ix. 6. h ropy an, ix. 6. hrot, ii. '.'■. hobains, ii. S. hoef, vi. 77. hoba, vii. 3. holon, v. 4. hors, vii. 3. liva, i. 5. hvaiva, i. 5 + i. 9. livar, i. 5 + i. 1. hvathar, i. 5 4- vi. 9. •hun, i. 5. hveleiks, i 5 + i. 26. hvathyan, vi. 114. hvairban, ii. 5. hvairnei, ii. 5. hvaiteis, vi. 103. hvapyan, viii. 13. hvassaba, vii. 9. hveila, vi. 8. hveits, vi. 130. hvilftri, ii. 5. hvopan, xi. 3. hvota, ix. 10. (hir)i, i. 5. ibai, i. 5. lbns, i. 9. ibuks, ii. 32 4- ii. 34. id-, ii. 32. iddya, v. 24. idreiga, ii. 32. ith, ii. 32. ik, viii. 4. in, i. 1. inuh, inn, iv. 4. iumyo, vi. 70. iup, vi. 62. ins, iii. 27. is, i. 5. itan, x. 3. iftunia, ii. 16. ya, i. 5. yabai, i. 5. yah, i. 5. yains, i. 5 + iv. 4. yau, i. 5. yer, vi. 27. yiuka, i. 6. yu, i. 5. yuggs, vi. 102. yuk, i. 6. yunda, vi. 102. yUB, i. 4. kadariou, vii. 11. kalbo, vi. 3. kalds, vii. 2. kalkyo, v. 4. kannyan, viii. 4. kaupatyan, \i. 5. kaupon, iv. 20. kauin, vii. 1. kaurs, vi. 4. kara, vi. 7. karkara, ii. 4. kas, i. 22. kasya, i. 22. katils, ii. 6. keian, vi. 70. kilthei, vi. 3. kindins, vi. 66. kinnus, vii. 5. kiusan, ii. ii. -klahs, vi. 3. klisnio, ix. 7. klismyan, ix. 7. kniu, ii. 6. knus^yan, ii. 6. knoda, \ i. 66. kukyau, ii. 5. kunaveda, ii. 6 -(- ii. 32. kuni, vi. 66. kunnan, viii. 4. kriustan, vii. 1. kriten, ix. 6. kroton, vii. 1. laggs, vi. 93. lachen, ix. 7. lathon, ix. 20. laian, ix. 20. laiba, iv. 17. laigon, x. 17. laikan, v. 16. laisyan, vi. 136. laists, ii. 55. lamb, iii. 20. land, i. 12. laubyan, vi. 95. laugnyan, ii. 47. laudya, vi. 87. -lauds, vi. 87. Liuhatyan, vi. 123. 352 INDEX. lauhmoni, -uni, vi. + vi. 121. -lauths, vi. 87. laun, vi. 96. Iaus, iii. 19. laufs, i. 12. lasivs, iii. 33. lats, iii. 33. -leds, vi. 87. leihts, v. 16. laithan, v. 14. leithus, x. 20. leik, vi. 92. leikan, iii. 19. leikeis, iii. ] 9. -leiks, i. 26. lein, ii. 54. leisan, vi. 136. leitan, iii. 33. leitils, v. 16. leivyan, iv. 17. leihvan, iii. 19. lekeis, iii. 19. letan, iii. 33. levyan, iv. 17. liban, vi. 95. Hgan, iii. 19. liginon, ii. 4 7. lithus, ii. 54. linnan, iii. 20. Hubs, vi. 95. liugan, i. 26 ; ii. 47. liudan, vi. 87. liuhath, vi. 123. liuthon, ix. 20. liusan, iii. 19. Huts, ii. 55. lisan, ii. 55. lists, v. 14. lita, v. 14. -lif, iv. 7. lifnan, iv. 17. lubains, vi. 95. lubya-, i. 24. lubo, vi. 95. lubs, vi. 95. lukun, i. 26. lustus vi. 97. lutou, ii. 55. luftus, v. LC. lofa, i. 12. 123 magan, vi. 33. magaths, vi. 31. magus, vi. 31. mahei, viii. 2. mahts, vi. 33. matha, x. 5. math], ix. 2. mathlyan, ix. 2. maids, v. 21. maihstus, i. 20. maithms, iii. 5. mail, i. 20. maindai, iii. 5. mains, ii. 39. mais, vi. 31. maitan, vii. 44. malan, vii. 45. maltliata, ix. 2. malma, vii. 45. mulda, vii. 45. -malsks, v. 8. -malteins, iii. 3. malvyan, vii. 45. malo, x. 6. maminyan, viii. (I. mammo, x. 5. man, viii. 1. manags, vi. 35. manna, viii. 1. manvus, i. 16. maudyan, viii. 2. maurgins, vi. 121. maurgyan, iv. It',. maurthr, iii. 4. maurnan, viii. 3. marei, v. 8. marzvan. v. 8. marzus, iii. 4. marka, iv. 16. mats, x. 5. mavi, vi. 31. megs, i. 20. meki, vii. 46. mel, i. 11 ; i. 20. mela, i. 1 1. iiiena, i. 1 1. menus, x. 5. menoths, i. 1 1 . -mers, ix. 2. mes, i. 1 1. midya, ii. 39. miera, vii. 45. mizdo, i. 11. mith, ii. 39. mikils, vi. 31. milds, iii. 3. millima, ii. 41 . milith, x. 20. miluks, vii. 45. mimz, x. 5. -minds, viii. 1. mins, iii. 5. missa-, v. 21. misso, v. 21. mitan, i. 11. miton, viii. 2. muka-, iii. 25. mulyan, x. 6. munan, viii. 1. mundrei, viii. 1. mundon, viii. 1. -munditha, viii. 1. munths, x. 5. mods, viii. 2. mota, i. 11. inotaii, i. 1 1. inotyan, i. 11. naglyan, vii. 20. nadrs, vii. 23. naqvaths, iv. 4. nahan, vi. 98. nahts, ii. 26. naityan, viii. 8. namo, viii. 4. nantliyan, v. 29. nauh, i: 10. nauhan, vi. 98. nauths, vi. 99. naus, iii. 31. nas, viii. IS. nasyan, iii. 30. nati, ii. 58. natyan, iii. 5. ne, iv. 4. nethla, vii. 23. neith, vi. 100. nehv, i. 10. ni, iv. 4. nidva, vii. 23. nithan, i. ID. nithyis, i. 10. niman, i. 10. INDEX. 353 ninhsyan, \iii. 18. niuyis, i. 10. niuii, iv. 5. niutan, vi. 100. nipnan, ii. 26. nisan, iii. 30. nu, i. 10. nohs, vi. 98. nota, ii. 58. paida, ii. 33. peika-bagms, i. 18 + vi. 48. plats, i. 15. plinsyan, v. 10. puggs, ii. 35. praggan, vi. 17. qvainon, ix. 8. qvairnus, vii. 1. qvairrus, iii. 7. qval, iii. 6. qvens, vi. 66. qvithan, ix. 11. qvithus, ii. 6. qviman, i. 16. qvino, vi. 66. qvius, vi. 103. qvistyan, vii. 9. qvrammitha, i. 23. ragin, vi. 94. raginon, vi. 94. razda, ix. 19. razn, iii. 24. rahnyan, vi. 94. rahton, vi. 94. rathyan, ix. 19. raths, iii. 34. raids, i. 27. raihts, vi. 94. -raip, ii. 52. raisyan, vi. 89. rakyan, vi. 94. raubon, iv. 17. rauds, v. 14. . rauhtyan, ix. 15. raupyan, ii. 53. raus, ii. 56. rasta, iii. 24. ratyan, i. 27. redan, ix. 19. rehsns, vi. 94. reiks, vi. 109. reiian, v. 13. reisan, vi. 89. reks, vi. 109. -riggvs, vi. 94. rign, iii. 19. riqviSj i. i5. rikaii, vi. 89. riinis, iii. 14. riiinan, v. 15. riuds, v. 14. riurs, iii. 34. rums, iv. 14. runa, ix. 15. rodyan, ix. 19. rohsns, ii. 49. sa, i. 3. sagio, ix. 26. -sahts, vi. 125. saths, vi. 71. saian, i. 1. sailyan, ii. 22. sainyan, vi. 64. sair, vii. 14. saivala, vi. 125. saivs, v. 3. saihs, iv. 7. saihvan, vi. 125. saio, ix. 26. sakan, ix. 26. sakkus, ii. 29. salbon, i. 24. saldra, viii. 7. salyan, iii. 18. salt, v. 7. sama, i. 32. samana, i. 32. sammath, i. 32. samyan, vi. 132. sandyan. vi. 64. satyan, iii. 17. sauhts, iii. 10. sautha, ix. 24. sauths, ix. 24. sauil, vi. 131. saulyan, i. 24. sauls, vi. 71. saun, i. 32. samga, vii. 14. sarva, vii. 13. -seths, i. 1. seithu, vi. 64. -seiths, vi. 64. seina, sis, sik, viii. 5. seinteins, iv. 7 + vL 127. sels, vi. 105. seneigs, vi. 64. sibis, i. 30. sibun, iv. 7. sibya, i. 30. siggqvan, iii. 10. siggvan, ix. 26. sigis, vi. 63. sidus, viii. 5. sihora, vi. 63. silan, iii. 18. silba, viii. 5. sildaleik, iii. 18-»-i. 26. silubr, vi. 131 + vi. 117. simle, iv. 7. us-sindo, iv. 7. ga-sintha, vi. 64. sintlis, iv. 7. sineigs, vi. 64. sinista, sins, vi. 64. sinteins, iv. 7 + vi. 127. sinteino, iv. 7 + vi. 127 siuks, iii. 10. siuns, vi. 125. siuyan, ii. 22. siponeis, vi. 107. sis, viii. 5. sitan, iii. 17. sifan, vi. 107. skaban, vii. 7. skadus, ii. 29. skathyan, vii. 7. skaidan, iv. 8. skalks, vi. 63. skalya, ii. 29. skaman, viii. 7. skanda, viii. 7. skauda-, ii. 29. skauns, vi. 125. -skauro, vii. 8. skauts, vii. 15. skapyan, vii. 7. skatts, ii. 29. skavs, vi. 125. skaftyan, vii. 7. skeima, vi. 125. skeinan, vi. 125. skeirs, vi. 125. skevyan, v. 2. Z 354 INDEX. schieten, v. 2. skildus, ii. 29. skilliggs, iv. 8. skilya, iv. 8. skiuban, vii. 8. skip, vii. 7. skuggva, vi. 125. skulan, vi. 63. -skuldrs, viii. 7. skura, vii. 8. skufts, vii. 15. skrams, vii. 7. skreitan, iv. 8. skohs, ii. 29. skohsl, vii. 16. schkop, x. 12. schuos, i. 30. slahan, vi. 72. slahals, vi. 72+ v. 4. slaihts, vii. 13. slauhts, vi. 72. slauthyan, v. 7. slaupyan, vii. 13. slavan, iii. 18. sleitha, vii. ] 3. slepan, iii. 18. slindan, x. 16. sliupan, vii. 13. sniahthr, i. '20. smalists, vii. 18. siuarna, i. 20. smeitan, i. 20. smitha, i. 20. snaivs, v. 27. snarpyan, vii. 9. sneithan, vii. 9. sniumyan, v. 27. snivan, v. 27. snutrs, viii. 5. snoryo, ii. 58. su([vns, x. 12. suqvon, x. 12. suthyan, iii. 17. sulya, i. 12. Buman, i. 5 + vi. 37. sums, j. 5. sundro, iv. 7. Bunis, i. 32. sunna, vi. 132. Minva, i. 32. sunyane, i. 32. sunyon, i. 32. sunns, vi. 80. suns, i. 32. supon, x. 19. sutis, iii. 17. spai^-kuldrs, viii. 9 + viii. 7. spaurds, v. 3. sparva, ix. 3. spedists, vi. 79. speidiza, vi. 79. speivan, viii. 9. spevan, viii. 9. spidists, vi. 79. spilda, iv. 12. spill, ix. 25. spinnan, ii. 27. sprauds, v. 3. sprauto, v. 3. stabs, vi. 71. stads, i. 29. staths, i. 29. stains, i. 29. stairno, vi. 128. stairo, i. 29. staks, vi. 72. staldan, i. 29. stamms, ix. 1 7. standan, i. 29. staua, ix. 17. staurkan, i. 29. staurran, i. 29. stautan, vi. 72. -stass, i. 29. steigan, vi. 71. stibna, ix. 17. stiggan, vi. 72. st'gqvan, vi. 72. stikls, vi. 72. stiks, vi. 72. stilan, iv. 19. stiur, i. 29. stiuryan, i. 29. stiviti, i. 29. stubyus, viii. 17. strauyan, vii. 47. striks, vii. 47. stodyan, i. 29. stothan, i. 29. stols, vi. 71. stoma, vi. 71. stoyan, ix. 17. sva, i. 3 + i. 9. svaggvyan, v. 3. svaihra, i. 31 + vi. 1. svairban, vii. 13. svalleins, vi. 113. svamms, iii. 14. svaran, ix. 24. svare, v. 3. svarts, ii. 25. sve, i. 3 fi. 9. svegnyan, v. 3. sveiban, iii. 14. svein, ix. 24. -sveipains, vii. 15. sveran, vi. 26. svers, vi. 84. sves, viii. 5. svi-, vi. 104. svibls, viii. 21. sviglon, ix. 24. svignyan, v. 3. svikns, vi. 131. sviltan, vi. 113. svinths, vi. 104. svistar, vi. 80+vi. 9. svulan, vi. 113. svumsl, v. 3. svumfsl, v. 3. svogyan, ix. 24. sokyan, ix. 26. tagl, vi. 53. tagr, vi. 126 + v. 6. tahyan, iv. 1. taihun, iv. 7. taihsvs, vi. 53. taikns, vi. 126. tains, vi. 57. tainyo, vi. 57. tairan, vii. 39. talzyan, ix. 20. tals, ix. 20. tamyan, vi. 76. tandyan, vi. 126. tauyan, vi. 53. tarhyan, vi. 126. tarinyan, vii. 39. tarnyan, vii. 39. -tass, i. 33. tehan, i. 21. -tehund, iv. 7. INDEX. 355 teihan, vi. 126. teikan, i. 21. teva, i. 33. -tigyus, iv. 7. tils, vi. 13. timan, i. 34. timryan, i. 31. tiulian, vi. 55. tuggl, vi. 12(i. tuggo, x. 17. tuz-, i. 6. tulgus, vi. 12. -tundi, vi. 57. tundnan, vi. 128. tunthus, x. 3. trauan, vi. 11. triggvs, vi. 11. trigo, vii. 39. trimpan, vi. 11. triu, vi. 11. trisgan, vii. 39. trudan, vi. 11. trusnyan, iii. 13. tvai, i. 6. tveifls, i. 6 + v. 10. taui, vi. 53. tha, i. 3. thagkyan, vi. 126. thadei, i. 1. thahan, iii. 11. thaho, i. 21. thairh, vii. 39. thairko, vii. 39. thairsan, vii. 13. than, i. 3 4- vi. 37. thande, i. 3 + vi. 37 + vi. 57. thanks, vi. 126. thanyan, vi. 57. thauh, i. 5. thaurban, vi. 11. thaurnus, vii. 39. thaurp, vi. 9. thaursyan, vii. 13. thaursus, vii. 13. thar, i. b + i. 1. tharba, vi. 1 1. tharbs, vi. 11. tharihs, vi. 11. thata, i. 3. thathro, i. 3 + vi. 9. theihan, vi. 53. theihs, vi. :,:). theihvo, vi. 127+ ix. 10. the vis, vi. 5.8. fchinsan, vi. 57. thiubs, ii. 24. thiuda, vi. 58. thiudans, vi. 58. thinth, vi. 58. thius, vi. 5S. thivi, vi. 58. thlaqvus, iii. 12. thlahsyan, v. 7. thlaihan, iii. 1:\ thliuhan, v. 7. thu, i. 4. thugkyan, vi. 126. thulan, vi. 12. thut, ix. 18. thragyan, ii. 20. -thraihns, vi. 11. thramstei, ix. 4. thrasa-, vi. 11. thrafstyan, iii. 13. threihan, vi. 11. threis, i. 3. thriutan, vii. 39. thriskan, vii. 39. thrulla, ii. 20. thruts-, vii. 39. throthvan, vii. 39. thvahan, vii. 43. thvairhs, ii. 20. fchvalh, vii. 43. thvastyan, vi. 54. uli, i. 5. ubizva, ii. 36. ubils, vi. 62. uhteigs, iv. 5. uhtvo, iv. 5. un-, iv. 4. und, vi. 110. undar, vi. 110 + vi. 9. undauroi-mats, vi. 110 + x. 5. untha, iv. 4 + i. 1. unte, vi. 110. us, iv. 6. ut, iv. 6. uf, vi. 62. ufar, vi. 62. ufyo, vi. 62. ufta, vi. 62. ufto, vi. 62. -va, i. 9. vaggari, ii. 34. vaggs, ii. 34. vagyan, v. 30. -vaddyus, ii. 33. vadi, ii. 33. vahs, xi. 4. vahsyan, vi. 50. vai, xi. 4. vaian, viii. 12. vaibyan, ii. 37. vaihsta, ii. 34. vaihts, vi. 50. vaila, vi. 25. vainans, xi. 4. vainei, xi. 4. vair, vi. 23. vairdus, iii. 2 vairthan, vi. 23. vairthi, iii. 2. -vairths, ii. 12. vairths, ii. 12. vairilo, ii. 13. vairpan, vi. 25. vairs, ii. 12. vakan, vi. 51. valdan, v. 10. valyan, vi. 26. valugyan, v. 10. valus, vi. 23. valtyan, ii. 10. valvyan, ii. 10. vamba, vi. 47. vamnn, i. 15. vandyan, ii. 32. vandus, ii. 32. vans, iii. 29. vaurd, ix. 4. vaurkyan, vi. 2">. vaurnis, ii. 12. vaurstv, vi. 25. vaurts, vi. 23. vargs, ix. 15. vardyan, ii. 13. -vards, ii. 13. varkyan, ix. 15. varmyan, vi. 117. varyan, ii. 13. 356 INDEX. vars, ii. 13. vasyan, ii. 36. vato, iii. 27. vegs, v. 30. veda, ii. 32. veigan, vi. 49. veihs, i. 17 ; vi. 52. vein, vi. 102. veipari, ii. 37. veis, viii. 5. -veis, vi. 119. veison, vi. 119. veitan, vi. 119. veitvods, vi. 119 4- ix. 2. vens, vi. 52. vepna, v. 23. veryan, iii. 2. vigan, v. 30. vigs, v. 30. vidan, ii. 32. viduvairns, iv. 6. vidmo, iv. 6. vizon, iii. 27. vithra, ii. 32. vithrus, iv. 6. vithon, v. 17. viltheis, v. 10. .vilyan, vi. 26. vilvan, ii. 11. vindan, ii. 32. vinds, viii. 12. vinthyan, viii. 12. vinnan, vii. 26. vinya, vi. 102. vintrus, viii. 12. vis, iii. 2-7. -vis, vi. 119. visan, iii. 27. -vissei, vi. 119. vitan, vi. 119. vitoth, ix. 2. vlaiton, vi. 117. vleizns, vi. 117. vlizyan, vi. 117. vlits, vi. 117. vulan, vi. 113. vulthus, vi. 117. vulthrs, vi. 117. vulla, iii. 1. vulfs, ii. 11. vunands, vi. 52. vunds, vii. 20. vraiqvs, ii. 12 + ii. 5. vraton, v. 9. vrithus, ii. 13. vrikan, vii. 27. vrisqvan, vi. 23 + vi. 67. vrits, vii. 27. vruggo, ii. 14. vrohyan, ix. 15. vods, v. 17. voths, viii. 12. vokrs, vi. 50. vopyan, ix. 2. waghen, vi. 49. INDEX. 357 ENGLISH. acre, vi. 63. aft, after, ii. 16. all, ii. 11. answer, ix. 24. arm, i. 26. at, i. 1. awn, vii. 6. bag, ii. 15. bate, vi. 39. bed, vi. 40. begin, vi. 66. behave, vi. 130. beteem, i. 34. better, vi. 39. bid, ix. -2. bide, i. 8. bind, ii. 33. bite, x. 1. bitter, x. 1. blend, i. 15. blind, i. 15. blithe, iii. 1. blood, vi. 15. bloom, vi. 15. blot, i. 15. board, i. 12. bold, vi. 18. book, ii. 34. both, i. 8 + i. 5. breast, vi. 14. broad, iv. 14. brother, vi. 17 + vi. 9. brow, ii. 17. burgh, ii. 17. buy, ii. 35. by, i. 8. calf, vi. 3. child, vi. 3. chin, vii. 5. choose, ii. 5. cold, vii. 2. come, i. 16. corn, vii. 1. crane, ix. 6. dale, ii. IS. dam, vi. 76. day, vi. 126. deaf, iii. 15. deep, vi. 60. dolt, iii. 12. doom, vi. 76. door, ii. 20. dough, i. 21. •dove, ix. 18. drag, vi. 11. drink, x. 8. drive, vi. 11. dull, iii. 12. dumb, iii. 15. dwindle, iii. 11. early, vi. 83. earth, vi. 83. eight, iv. 7. • end, vi. 110. errand, v. 13. even, i. 9. evil, vi. 62. fain, vi. 120. fair, i. 19 ; vi. 120. far, iv. 14. fast, i. 8. father, vi. 38 + vi. 9. fear, vii. 29. feather, v. 19. feed, x. 1. few, iii. 29. fiend, viii. 9. find, vi. 45. finger, ii. 34. fish, v. 20. five, iv. 6. flood, v. 10. foal, vi. 15. fold, -fold, ii. 14. foot, vi. 40. fore, vi. 20. foul, viii. 10. four, i. 4. fowl, v. 32. free, v. 9. friend, vi. 22. fright, vii. 29. from, vi. 20. full, vi. 18. furrow, vii. 27. gable, vi. 77. gallows, vi. 5. gather, i. 22. get, i. 22. gird, ii. 4. give, ii. 8. goat, v. 2. god, vi. 130. gold, vi. 129. good, vi. 107. grass, vi. 1. grave, vii. 3. greed, vi. 7. grind, vii. 1. grip, ii. 4. ground, vii. 1. grudge, ix. 7. guest, iii. 9. hale, vi. 6. half, i. 13. hamlet, ii. 8. hang, ii. 9. hard, vi. 4. have, ii. 8. haviour, vi. 130. hay, vi. 107. head, vi. 77. heart, vi. 6. heat, vii. 9. heath, iii. 9. heathen, iii. 9. heave, vi. 77. hell, ii. 2. helmet, ii. 2. herd, ii. 4. here, i. 5 + i. 1. hew, vii. 3. high, vi. 70. hind, i. 5 + iv. 4. hither, i. 5 + vi. 9. home, ii. 8. -hood, iii. 9. horn, vi. 4. hound, ix. 8. house, ii. 5. how, i. 9. 358 INDEX. hurdle, ii. 3. I, viii. 4. in, i. 1. jape, viii. 7. kettle, ii. 6. knee, ii. 0. know, viii. 4. lamb, iii. 20. land, i. 12. last, iii. 33. late, iii. 33. laugh, ix. 7. leaf, i. 12. lean, ii. 1. leap, v. 4. leech, iii. 19. lie, ii. 47 ; iii. 19. light, v. 16 ; vi. 128. like, i. 26; iii. 19. linen, ii. 54. listen, ix. 27. little, v. 16. live, vi. 95. loaf, vi. 129. lock, i. 26. lose, iii. 19. lot, iv. 10. love, vi. 95. lust, vi. 97. -ly, i. 26. main, vi. 33. make, i. 20. man, viii. 1. many, vi. 35. mark, i. 20. marrow, i. 20. marry, iii. 4. mate, i. 11. may, vi. 33. meat, x. 5. meek, iii. 25. meet, i. 11. might, vi. 33. mild, iii, 3. milk, vii. 45. mis-, v. 21. mixen, i. 20. mole, i. 20. month, i. 11. mood, viii. 2. moon, i. 11. morrow, vi. 121. moth, x. 5. mould, vii. 45. mourn, viii. 3. mouse, ii. 39. mouth, x. 5. muck, i. 20. nail, vii. 20. naked, iv. 4. name, viii. 4. needle, vii. 23. net, ii. 58. new, i. 10. next, i. 10. nigh, i. 10. night, ii. 26. nine, iv. 5. nose, viii. 18. now, i. 10. oft, vi. 62. on, vi. 110. one, iv. 5. orchard, vi. 23 + ii. 4. out, iv. 6. ox, iii. 28. queen, vi. 66. quell, iii. 6. rack, i. 25. rain, iii. 19. raise, vi. 89. ready, i. 27. reckon, vi. 94. red, v. 14. rest, iii. 24. rich, vi. 109. rick, vi. 89. riddle, ii. 3. rise, vi. 89. rook, ix. 6. room, iv. 14. rope, ii. 52. sallow, i. J.4. salve, i. 24. same, i. 3 J. scale, ii. 29. scathe, vii. 7. sea, v. 3. see, vi. 125. seem, vi. 132. seemly, vi. 132. set, iii. 17. seven, iv. /. sew, ii. 99 shadow, ii. 29. shape, vii. 7. shield, ii. 29. shilling, iv. 8. shine, vi. 125. ship, vii. 7. shoe, ii. 29. shoot, v. 2. sick, iii. 10. silver, vi. 131 + vi. 117. sink, iii. 10. sister, vi. 80 + vi. 9. sit, iii. 17. skipper, vii. 7. slaughter, vi. 72. slay, vi. 72. slob, iii. 18. slough, iii. 18. small, vii. 18. smear, i. 20. smile, iv. 12. smith, i. 20. smittle, i. 20. snow, v. 27. so, i. 9. soil, i. 24. sole, i. 12. some, i. 5. soon, i. 32. soot, i. 24. soothe, iii. 17. sore, vii. 14. sorrow, vii. 14. soul, vi. 125. sow, i. 1. sparrow, ix. 3. spew, viii. 9. spin, ii. 27. stair, vi. 71. stand, i. 29. star, vi. 128. starch, i. 29. stark, i. 29. stead, i. 29. steal, iv. 19. steer, i. 29. stile, vi. 71. stone, i. 29. INDEX. 359 stool, vi. 71. strew, vii. 47. sully, i. 24. summer, vi. 132 + iv. 16. sun, vi. 132. sunder, iv. 7. swarthy, ii. 25. swear, ix. 24. swell, vi. 1 13. swine, ix. 24. take, i. 21. tame, vi. 76. ttar, vii. 39. tear, vi. 126 + v. 6. ten, iv. 7. thank, vi. 126. the, i. 3. then, i. 3 + vi. 37. -ther, vi. 9. there, i. 3 + i. 1. thief, ii. 24. think, vi. 126. thither, i. 3 + vi. 9. thorn, vii. 39. thou, i. 4. though, i. 5. three, i. 3. thresh, vii. 39. throng, vi. 11. till, vi. 13. tinder, vi. 126. to, i. 1. token, vi. 126'. tooth, x. 3. tree, vi. 11. tread, vi. 11. two, i. 6. un-, iv. 4. under, vi. 110+ vi. 9. up, vi. 62. urchin, vii. 3 + vii. 5. waggon, vi. 49. wake, vi. 51. wand, ii. 32. wane, iii. 'z9. wards, ii. 12. warm, vi. 117. was, iii. 27. water, iii. 27. we, viii. 5. weapon, v. 23. well, vi. 25. wem, i. 15. wend, ii. 32. west, iii. 27. wether, iv. 6. wheat, vi. 103. where, i. 5 + i. 1. whether, i. 5 + \i. 9. which, i. 5 + i. 26. while, vi. 8. whit, vi. 50. white, vi. 130. who, i. 5. widow, iv. 6. wind, ii. 32. wine, vi. 102. wise, vi. IIP. wish, vi. 52. wolf, ii. 11. womb, vi. 47. wool, iii. 1. word, ix. 14. work, vi. 25. worm, ii. 12. worse, ii. 12. worth, ii. 12. wound, vii. 20. wreak, vii. 27. wriggle, ii. 12. wrong, ii. 12. yester-, iii. 9. yoke, i. 6. yon, i. 5 + iv. -1. you, i. 4. young, vi. 102. THE END. PRINTED BY BAI.I.ANTYNE. HANSON AND CO EDINBURGH AND LONDON. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. SL 2 9 1963 M OCT REC'O UMIRl MAY 31 1979 flit APR 81985 DISCHARGE-URl APR 2 1981 JIAR5 JL NOV 5 1963 a RECTI u> ubl MvP* W Form L9-50m 31 61963 10 J- REC'D LD-WC 4 NOV 3 198S RK'DLD-JiRL B\3& ,- 61973 HECD ID-UR MffiS? APR 11 19135 DECQ 97! JUL 1 1 19S • ''' T *£c #n FC .7 5 •o TOQ- Rl f®9; B8994s4)444 3 1 58 00477 5390 m s & u J?mmj( M 000 656 387 8 ''■'■