ii GUIDETO CIVIL EMPLOYMENT FOR EX-SOLDIERS q A COPY OF THIS PAMPHLET WH.L BE PLACED IN ALL PERMANENT MESS AND SOLDIERS' READING ROOMS, AND A COPY WILL BE GIVEN TO EVERY MAN LEAVING THE SERVICE WHOSE CHARACTER IS NOT LESS THAN GOOD : .- : WAR DEPARTMENT The Adjutant GeneraFs Office 1916 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 GUIDE TO CIVIL EMPLOYMENT FOR EX-SOLDIERS ^ A COPY OF THIS PAMPHLET WILL BE PLACED IN ALL PERMANENT MESS AND SOLDIERS' READING ROOMS, AND A COPY WILL BE GIVEN TO EVERY MAN LEAVING THE SERVICE WHOSE CHARACTER IS NOT LESS THAN GOOD :::::::: WAR DEPARTMENT The Adjutant General's Office L^'^' 1916 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1916 CAT. FOR ^ LOAN STAClk (DOC. COLLI lUbZSJ INTRODUCTION. Civilians are invited to read this book for the purpose of informing them- selves of the kind of men that compose the enlisted personnel of the United States Army and of the measures taken by the Government to improve the men physically, mentally, and morally while in the service, and to enable them to secure lucrative employment in civil life by means of the special training acquired in the Army. All soldiers are urged to study it carefully and be guided by the sugges- tions contained in it for their improvement not only while in the military service but also after they have returned to civil life. This pamphlet is issued with a threefold object: 1. To improve the Army by attracting to it the very best class of the American youth, those who have a determination to fit themselves for their highest duty to their country and at the same time acquire a vocational training and the opportunity to exercise it with advantage to themselves after they have left the military service. 2. To disabuse the mind of the public of the impression that is too prev- alent, even among those otherwise well informed, that the Army is a refuge for those who have failed in or are unfitted for other lines of employment, and to acquaint those who have that impression that the requirements for enlistment are so stringent that only those of good moral character who are practically physically perfect specimens of manhood can secure admis- sion to the Army. In short, that a certificate of honorable service in the Army is an assurance that the possessor is competent and worthy for em- ployment in any civilian capacity to which he may aspire and for which his education, acquired during his Army service, may qualify him. 3. To explain to the soldier, or former soldier, how he may take advan- tage of the vocational training acquired in the Army, and to describe some of the civil employments that are available for former soldiers and how those employments may be secured. Enlistment in the Army is surrounded with every possible precaution to secure men of excellent character and physique. Evidence of good moral character is always exacted from applicants for first enlistment and the physical examination made is far more rigid than that required by the most careful of the high-class life insurance companies in the ordinary course of business. So exacting are those precautions, moral and physical, that four out of every five applicants for enlistment are rejected. It is obvious that those accepted must constitute a select class from the standpoint alike of morals and physique. After the recruit has been enlisted into the military service of the United States, all practicable measures are taken by the Government to preserve and to improve, if susceptible of improvement, the moral, physical, and mental condition of the soldier. 3 r 94j3 4 GUIDE TO CIVIL EMPLOYMENT FOR EX-SOLDIERS. Immediately after having been accepted for enlistment at a recruiting station the applicant is sent to a recruiting depot, where he, with other recruits, receives his first instruction in the military service. .While at the depot, the recruits are under the instruction, care, and influence of the members of the permanent companies at those depots. These permanent companies consist of enlisted men of long experience and excellent char- acter in the Army who are specially selected for the duty because their conduct while in service has demonstrated that their influence on the recruits will be a moral and a healthful one and their example worthy of emulation. In addition to inculcating and fostering moral principles in the recruit by precept and example he is furnished immediately on his enlistment with a leaflet, carefully prepared by experts in the line, pointing out the moral. dangers to which young men are exposed and setting forth the advan- tages from every standpoint of guarding against those dangers. It is believed that this leaflet is of great value in inculcating and maintaining habits of morality and sobriety in all those to whose attention it is brought. After completing the prescribed course of instruction at the depot, the recruit is sent to the particular organization of the Army to which it has been deter- mined that he shall be assigned. The Army of the United States is the best fed, the best paid, and the best kept army in the world. The men composing it are self-respecting, well behaved, intelligent, and contented* They are worthy of the respect and esteem of all law-abiding citizens. Their opportunities for self-im- provement are unexcelled. The life of a soldier is varied and interesting. In barracks the surroundings are clean and healthful. There is much in the way of amusement and recreation. During the winter season enlisted men enjoy indoor meets in the gymnasiums, including basket-ball con- tests, club swinging, bag pvmching, sparring, and other events. Billiard rooms, bowling alleys, and libraries are provided. In summer all kinds of field sports, baseball, football, track events, and other athletic contests are encouraged among enlisted men. Opportunity is afforded enlisted men to qualify themselves for commis- sions as officers in the Army. Within the past year 13 enlisted men availed themselves of this opportunity, successfully passed the required examina- tion, and were appointed commissioned officers. Under recent legislation, also, the President is authorized to appoint cadets to the United States Military Academy to the number of 90 at one time from among enlisted men between the ages of 19 and 22 years w-fio have served as enlisted men not less than one year. The travel in the United States and foreign possessions incident to mili- tary service is in itself of great educational advantage. Besides this, excel- lent facilities are afforded enlisted men for other educational and vocational training. They may obtain instruction in grammar, arithmetic, geography, history, algebra, etc., at post schools, and thus acquire a good general education. In addition to this the technical schools provided for the enlisted personnel of the Army compare favorably in thoroughness with similar institutions in civil life. Many of the enlisted men receive special training as bakers and cooks in the schools established for that ;purpose in connection with the Army. Similar schools are constantly training other enlisted men in mechanics; electricity and its appliances; carpentry; blacksmi thing; as farriers, horse- shoers, and saddlers; typewriting and clerical duties; drafting; radio or GUIDE TO CIVIL EMPLOYMENT FOR EX -SOLDIERS. 5 wireless telegraphy; photography; telephony; and telegraphy. The Army requires and trains enlisted men as specialists, imparting knowledge and technical skill that are of great advantage to the men after their return to the status of civilians. For example, expert radio telegraphers, musicians, aviators, and operators of intricate high-powered motors, who received their instruction in the Army, now command and are receiving high salaries in civil positions. The Institute of Musical Art, New York City, furnishes five free scholarships annually to Army bandsmen. Enlisted men of the Engineer Corps receive special instruction in the construction and repair of roads and bridges, lithography and map reproduction, having as instruc- tors in all engineering operations the most skillful engineers in the world, the experts who made the Panama Canal a possibility. In short, in almost every line of technical and vocational training experts are required and trained in the Army, and the training so received makes the recipients especially valuable in filling civil positions or employments for which they are qualified after their separation from the military service. It is desirable to consider that in the Army, which depends greatly on a strong and adequate reserve of trained men, only the few, comparatively speaking, can expect to serve until eligible for retirement, and even if retired it is highly desirable to be able to add to the retired pay from some other source. The enlisted man should constantly bear in mind that there are two classes of workmen, the skilled, who are in great demand and are therefore well paid, and the unskilled, who are plentiful and are relatively ill paid. It should be the ambition of all to be classed as skilled workers, and to this end the enlisted man should avail himself of the abundant opportunity offered him while in the Army of acquiring the skill that will so materially aid him when he turns his attention to civilian pursuits. It is of course preferable for the soldier to acquire skill in some particular trade or occupation while in the Army, but whether he leaves the Army with the advantage of a skilled trade or not, he is urged to lose no time before taking up employment in civil life, and one- of the purposes for which this pamphlet is issued is to point out the way in which such employment may be most readily obtained. Many of the more lucrative employments mentioned herein are available to those only who have demonstrated their efficiency in subordinate posi- tions. Therefore it is better to take up employment at lower w^ges, resting assured that when one's worth has been demonstrated advancement is practically certain. Too much stress can not be laid on the importance of an excellent char- acter. Whatever else one's qualifications, no employer will be disposed to consider them without a satisfactory Army character, while the military authorities can not even register the name of one whose character while in service was not at least good. Other things being equal, preference in employment will be given to those whose character while in service is recorded as excellent. When employment has been secured it should not be relinquished with- out good and sufficient reason. One great difficulty experienced by those interested in getting work for the former soldier has been the fact that men for whom employment has been secured have given it up for frivolous reasons or for no reason whatever. Cases in which former soldiers do not render satisfactory service in civil employments are remembered and quoted against other former soldiers 6 GUIDE TO CIVIL EMPLOYMENT FOR EX-SOLDIERS. seeking like employment, so that hasty and ill considered action injuriously affects not only the person directly concerned, but also other former soldiers who subsequently apply for employment. Some civil employers have heretofore been prejudiced against former soldiers by the impression conveyed by some thoughtless employees that former soldiers do not render satisfactory service. This impression is gradually passing away, and it rests with the former soldiers to eradicate it entirely by exhibiting in their civil employment the same qualities of discipline, determination, and perseverance that won commendation in their military career. Continuance in the military service is not without its rewards. Aside from the fact that opportunity is afforded enlisted men to qualify for com- missions as officers and that enlisted men very frequently avail tnemselves of that opportunity, strict attention to duty, economy, and frugality will enable the soldier who serves as an enlisted man until he is eligible for retirement to accumulate a competency which will, with his retired pay, be ample to support him in comfort thereafter. An instance of this is the case of an enlisted man recently retired after more than 30 years' service, including the allowance for foreign service. Upon his retirement he received a check from the Government, including his pay and deposits, amounting to $16,056.71. In addition to this he hereafter receives during life $51.75 per month, the monthly retired pay of a sergeant, that being his grade at retirement. However, should any soldier who has served one or more terms of enlist- ment and has been discharged with character "Good," "Very good," or "Excellent," or who has been furloughed into the Keserve, desire to secure civil employment, he should consult the following lists of employment which have been specially prepared to guide and aid him in the effort. Having discovered one or more that he thinks himself qualified to fill, he should correspond directly with the firm concerned, or if he prefers, with the recruiting officer nearest the firm, resting assured that the recruiting officer will lend every practicable aid in securing for the applicant the employment that he seeks. All men who enlist in, or are furloughed into, the Reserve, or who are discharged from service with character "Excellent," "Very Good," or "Good," will be aided in securing civil employment, but those who have been discharged for disability will be required to furnish certificates showing that they are physically fit for the employment sought. The application for employment may be made by soldiers, through their commanding officers, at any time within the last six months of their service. The commanding officer will forward it to the proper recruiting officer with such remarks as are deemed proper indorsed thereon. Men who have been discharged or who are in the Reserve should apply personally or by letter to the employer or to the proper recruiting officer. In making application by letter, full particulars must be given as to the name, rank, company, and regiment in addition to the address of the applicant. The kind of employment desired should also be stated, and if the applicant has been in civil employment since leaving the military service, satisfactory refer- ence as to character during the period of such civil employment with the reasons for leaving it must be inclosed. The cases of men who have once obtained civil employment will not be considered again unless they can produce satisfactory proof that they GUIDE TO CIVIL E:MI'J.( )YAI i:XT FOR EX-SOLDIERS. 7 did not lose their places through nusconduct nor abandon their situations Avithout good and sufficient cause. Men who fail to respond to incjuiries <^r who refuse reasonable offers of employment will not rec(iive further assistance in the matter. It must be understood that employment can not be guaranteed. Every practical effort will be made by the military' authorities to secure em- ployment for eligible applicants, but the applicants personally should omit no effort to find employment for themselves. To this end, free use may be made by those desiring employment of the facilities offered by the United States Department of Labor, information in regard to which*^may be obtained by addressing the distribution branches of that department. The Council of. Y. M. H. and kindred associations, No. 356 Second Ave- nue, New York City, also kindly offers its aid in securing employment in ci\dl life for all honorably discharged soldiers. Material aid for the same purpose is also freely rendered by State and municipal employment agen- cies established and maintained in th(^ various States and cities through- out the United States. If men who have made formal aj^plication for employment change their addresses or secure employment otherwise, they should at once notify the officer to whom formal application was made, stating whether the employ- ment secured is temporary or permanent. Failure to do this causes trouble and embarrassment to the militar\^ authorities and is a source of irritation to employers. It is desired to emphasize the fact that the United States Army offers exceptional advantages to the American youth who desires to fit himself for almost any line of vocational work. The term of enlistment is seven years, during three years of which he is required to serve ''with the colors," that is to perform active military service, and during which also he may avail himself of some one or more of the many opportunities for vocational training which the Army affords. Or, after the expiration of one year's honorable service, if serving within the continental limits of the United States and reported proficient and sufficiently trained, he may, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, be furloughed to the Army Reserve. After the completion of three years continuous service, he may be reenlisted for another period of seven years if he so desires. If he does not desire further active service after the completion of the three years continuous service, he passes to the Army Reserve, is paid in full for the period of his active service, furnished trans- portation to the place of acceptance, and furloughed to the Reserve. After having been so furloughed, he will not, unless summoned into active service by the President in the event of active or threatened hostilities, or for short periods of field training, be required or permitted to perform any military duty, but will he at li])erty to pursue his civil vocation without let or hindrance, the only requirement being that he report his address quar- terly to The Adjutant General of the Army, and if he desires to leave the ter- ritorial limits of the United States, that he apply to The Adjutant General of the Army for the necessary'' permission. Upon the expiration of the seven years, he will be discharged the service and will thereafter be subject to no military restrictions whatever. It is apparent, therefore, that enlistment in the Army is simply a contract to perform service, and a very agreeable and beneficial service, for possibly only one year, and at most not more than three vears, unless the soldier so desires. 8 GUIDE TO CIVIL EMPLOYMENT FOR EX- SOLDIERS. Should he so desire, and, if his service is satisfactory and he remains otherwise qualified, he may reenlist successively at the expiration of each three years of service, with increased pay at each reenlistment, until he shall have served the period required for retirement w^hen he will be re- tired with pay for life commensurate with his grade at the date of retire- ment. While on furlough in the Reserve, as well as after his discharge or retire- ment, every possible assistance will be rendered him by the military au- thorities in securing for him employment in civil life. To that end and for that purpose, the following compilation of civil employments has been prepared as a matter of convenience to the soldier in making his selection of the employment desired and for which his vocational training may fit him. It is obvious that the recommendation and aid of the military authorities, especially of the officers who are known to, and have influence with, the employers specified, will be of very material assistance to the applicant in securing the employment selected. The duties, obligations, and benefits imposed by, and to be derived from, an enlistment in military service of the United States are mutually shared by the military authorities and the men who so enlist and serve. The military authorities, in the administration of the laws relating to the mili- tary service, are chiefly concerned in improving the personnel of the Army and in building up a strong and effective Reserve of trained men avail- able for further military duty in time of need. It is believed that the patriotic spirit of the young men of the country will impel them to cooper- ate Avith the military authorities and avail themselves of the opportunity offered to acquire that military training that will fit them for the per- formance of their highest duty to their country, especially in view of the fact that at the same time the opportunity is afforded them to acquire a vocational training that will be of the greatest benefit to them in civil life. Primarily the object sought is to build up and perfect the active Army and the Reserve. For the attainment of this object, opportunities for self improvement and other inducements are offered to the soldier that are not afforded in any other army nor in any other country in the world. iririTED STATES STATUTES IN" EEGARD TO PREF- ERENCE IN EMPLOYMENT FOR FORMER HONORA- BLY DISCHARGED SOLDIERS FROM UNITED STATES ARMY. [Section 1754, Revised Statutes.] Persons honorably discharged from the military or naval service by reason of disability resulting from wounds or sickness incurred in the line of duty shall be preferred for appointments to civil offices, provided they are found to possess the business capacity necessary for the proper discharge of the duties of such offices. [19 Stat., 169.] •Jt 4«- •}{■ ^- * Provided, That in making any reduction of force in any of the executive departments, the head of such department shall retain those persons who may be equally qualified who have been honorably discharged from the military or naval service of the United States and the widows and orphans ©f deceased soldiers and sailors. [37 Stat., 413.] * -X- * * 4(. Provided, That in the event of reductions being made in the force of any of the executive departments no honorably discharged soldier or sailor whose record in said department is rated good shall be discharged or dropped or reduced in rank or salary. Any person knowingly violating the provisions of this section shall be summarily removed from office and may also upon conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or by imprisonment for not more than one year. The joint resolution of March 3, 1865 (sec. 1754, R. S.), considered in connection with the act of March 3, 1871, chapter 114, is construed to mean that honorably discharged soldiers and sailors are not exempt from liability to examination for admission into .the civil service, but that they are entitled to a preference for appointment as against other persons of equal qualifica- tions for the place. (Opinion Atty. Gen., Aug. 13, 1881, 17 Op., 194.) Preference under 1754, Revised Statutes, is not subject to the law of apportionment and extends over all others on the eligible list irrespective of their ratings. (Opinion Atty. Gen., May 12, 1910, 28 Op., 298.) ''These sections (1754 R. S. and 19 Stat., 169, sec. 3) do not contemplate the retention in office of a clerk who is inefficient, nor attempt to transfer the power of determining the question of efficiency from the heads of departments to the courts. -J^- * -^ The preference,- and it is only a preference, is to be exercised as between those 'equally q^ualified,' and this petitioner was discharged because of inefficiency." (Keim v. U. S., 1900, 177 U.S., 290.) Preference under this section (1754) applies only to original entrance to the service and not to promotion. (Minute of commission, Apr. 18, 189G.) 9 UNITED STATES CIVIL SERVICE. Employments in the United States Ci\n.l Service, in which preference is given to 'soldiers who were honorably discharged on account of disability and in which preference in retention is given to all former soldiers, honor- ably discharged, as prescribed in section 1754, Revised Statutes, range from the highest to the lowest positions for which examinations are held by the United States Civil Service Commission. The salaries range from $4,800 down to about $600 per annum. Included in these are employments requiring men skilled in clerical capacities, the various professions and trades, skilled labor, and ordinary manual labor. For details regarding employments in the United States Civil Service, application blanks, schedules of examinations, and other information rela- tive thereto, inquiries should be addressed as follows: '^ United States Civil Service Commission, Washington, D. C," or to any district secretary, as shown below: First district: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. District secretary, post-ofSce building, Boston, Mass. Second district: New York State, and the counties of Bergen, Essex, Hudson, Morris, Passaic, Sussex, and Union in New Jersey. District secretary, customhouse. New York, N. Y. Third district: Pennsylvania, Delaware, and the counties of Atlantic, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean, Salem, Somerset, and Warren in New Jersey. District secretary, post-office building, Philadelphia, Pa. Fourth district: Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, and District of Columbia. District secretary, United States Civil Service Commission, W^ashington, I). C. Fifth district: South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, and Tennessee. District secretary, post-office building, Atlanta, Ga. Sixth district: Ohio, Indiana, and Kentucky. District secretary, post- office building, Cincinnati, Ohio. Seventh district: Wisconsin, Michigan, and the 34 following-named northern counties of Illinois: Boone, Bureau, Carroll, Cook, DeKalb, Dupage, Ford, Grundy, Henderson, Henry, Iroquois, Jo Daviess, Kane, Kankakee, Kendall, Knox, Lake, La Salle, Lee, Livingston, McHenry, Marshall, Mercer, Ogle, Peoria, Putnam, Rock Island, Stark, Stephenson, Warren, Whiteside, Will, Winnebago, and Woodford. District secretary, post-office building, Chicago, 111. Eighth district : Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa. District secretary, post-office building, St. Paul, Minn. Ninth district: Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and the State of Illinois, exclusive of the 34 counties included in the seventh district. Di3trict secretary, old customhouse, St. Louis, Mo. Tenth district: Louisiana and Texas. District secretary, customhouse. New Orleans, La. Eleventh district: Wyoming, Montana, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington. District secretary, post-office building, Seattle, Wash. Twelfth district: California, Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah. District secretary, post-office building, San Francisco, Cal. 11 RECKUITING OFFICERS WITH WHOM CORRESPONDENCE MAY BE CONDUCTED. If emplo>TQeiit is desired by a soldier or former soldier in any capacity hereinafter described, correspondence with the view of securing such employment should be conducted with the proper recruiting officer specified below, due attention being given to the location of the employment desired and the station of the recruiting oflficer: For employment in State of— Correspond with Army recruiting officer at — For employment in State of— Correspond with Army recruiting officer at— Alabama New Orleans, La., At- lanta, Ga., or Nash- ville, Tenn. Salt Lake City, Utah, or Los Angeles, Cal. Little Rock, Ark., or Memphis, Tenn. San Francisco, Cal., or Los Angeles, Cal. Denver, Colo. New Haven, Conn., or New York, N. Y. Philadelphia, Pa. Savannah, Ga. Atlanta, Ga., or Savan- nah, Ga. Spokane, Wash., or Salt Lake City, Utah. Chicago, 111, Peoria, 111., St. Louis, Mo., Evans- ville, Ind., Terre Haute, Ind., or Daven- port, Iowa. Evansvi]le, Ind., Indi- anapolis, Ind., Terre Haute, Ind., or Chi- cago, 111. Davenport, Iowa, or Omaha, Nebr. Wichita, Kans., Kansas City, Mo., or Joplin, Mo. Louisville, Ky., Lexing- ton, Ky., or Cincin- nati, Ohio. New Orleans, La., • or Little Rock, Ark. Portland, Me. Baltimore, Md. Boston, Mass., Provi- dence, R. I., or New Haven, Conn. Detroit, Mich., Grand Rapids, Mich., or Chi- cago, 111. Minneapolis, Minn. New Orleans, La., Mem- phis, Tenn., or Little Rock, Ark. St. Louis, Mo., Kansas City, Mo., or Joplin, Mo. Montana Spokane, Wash. Nebraska Omaha, Nebr. Nevada Salt Lake City, Utah, San Francisco, Cal., cr Arizona New Hampshire.. New Jersey New Mexico New York Arkansas Los Angeles, Cal. Portland, Me., or Boston, Mass. Newark, N. J., New California Colorado York, N. Y., or Phila- delphia, Pa. Connecticut Denver, Colo. New York, N. Y., Al- Delaware North Carolina . . . North Dakota Ohio bany, N. Y., Syracuse, N. Y., or Buffalo, N. Florida . . . Georgia Y. Idaho Charlotte, N. C, or Richmond, Va. Illinois Minneapolis, Minn. Columbus, Ohio, Cincin- Oklahoma Oregon nati, Ohio, or Pitts- bin-gh. Pa. Oklahoma, Okla. Portland, Oreg., or Spo- Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina.... South Dakota... - Tennessee Iowa Philadelphia, Pa., Har- risburg, Pa., Pitts- burgh, Pa., or Buffalo, N.Y. Kansas Providence, R. I. Savannah, Ga , or Char- Kentucky lotte, N.C. Minneapolis, Minn., or Omaha, Nebr. NashviUe, Tenn., Kno::- Louisiana Texas ville, Tenn., or Mem- phis, Tenn. Dallas, Tex., Houston, Maine Utah Tex or Oklahoma Maryland Okla Massachusetts — Salt Lake City, Utah. Vermont Portland, Me., or Al- Michigan Virginia bany, N. Y. Richmond, Va., or Roa- Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Washington West Virginia.... Wisconsin Wyoming noke, Va. Seattle, Wash., or Spo- kane, Wash. Huntington, W. Va., Roanoke, Va., or Pitts- burgh, Pa. Chicago, 111., or Minne- apolis, Minn. Denver, CoJo. Following is a list of employments of State, county, and municipal gov- ernments, including the qualifications required of applicants for employ- ment therein so far as information relative thereto has been obtained: 13 14 GUIDE TO CIVIL EMPLOYMENT FOR EX-SOLDIERS. 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