BIB 
 
BANCROFT 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 

 dlben of Hcbkvement 
 
 fit tbe (Breat Southwest 
 
PIO PICO, LAST MEXICAN GOVERNOR OF CALIFORNIA 
 
Men of Achievement 
 
 IN THE 
 
 Great Southwest 
 
 Illustrated 
 
 A STORY OF PIONEER STRUGGLES 
 
 DURING EARLY DAYS IN LOS ANGELES AND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 
 
 With Biographies, Heretofore Unpublished Facts, Anecdotes and Incidents 
 
 in the Lives of the Builders 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 LOS ANGELES TIMES 
 1904 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 from here because of the absence of storms at sea, fogs along the coast, or dangerous bars to cross, than from 
 any other point on the western coast of America, north or south. 
 
 Situated thus on the shortest line between ocean and ocean, midway along the American coast, as near the 
 Orient as any other point, with half a dozen lines of railroad connecting with the East and with the northern 
 coast of the Pacific, Los Angeles occupies a vantage ground for manufacturing and for domestic and foreign 
 trade unmatched from Bering Strait to Cape Horn. 
 
 The development in the past has been most remarkable. To one who carefully considers the advantages of 
 the city, the future must appear secure. What has been done is a prophecy and an earnest of what will continue 
 to take place to the end of the new century, with all its wonderful promise of achievement, whose magnificence 
 will eclipse all the greatest accomplishments of humanity in all the ages that have gone before. 
 
 G. W. I'.URTON. 
 
 GLIMPSES OF SPANISH HOMES EARLY DAYS IN CALIFORNIA. 
 
SUNLAND TALES OF CABALLEROS AND PIONEERS. 
 
 BY G. W. BURTON. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 BEFORE THE DAWN. 
 
 Before the footprints of a white man had been impressed upon the soil, or a ray of civilizing- light had 
 been shed upon the dark night of savage life, the site where Los Angeles now stands was occupied by one of the 
 numerous Indian villages which nestled in the choice corners of the region. The Spanish missionaries who first 
 visited the spot found about 300 of the aborigines gathered in the huts abodes of squalor on the flat lying 
 along Aliso street between Los Angeles street and the river. Their name for the place was Yang-na. They 
 were of the most wretched type of human beings, seemingly of Aleut, Mongol or South Sea Island origin, rather 
 than of the intelligent Aztec stock of Mexico, or of the warlike and manly Indian tribes of other parts of North 
 America. The Spanish missionary scarcely tried to acquire any of the many languages, or dialects, spoken by 
 these people, as not more than 200 to 500 of them spoke the same tongue. From the days of Herodotus or Baron 
 
 
 SAN GABRIEL MISSION, NEAR LOS ANGELES. 
 Founded 1771. 
 
 Mtmchausen, visitors to foreign climes and chroniclers of strange peoples and scenes have indulged freely in 
 the pleasures of the imagination. The mission fathers were no exception to this rule. What they wrote may be 
 taken always with more or less allowance. Fortunately, it is not a matter of great moment whether future ages 
 receive exact impressions regarding the primeval inhabitants of California. 
 
 Columbus landed on the island which he named San Salvador, in October, 1492; Fernando Cortez, at Vera 
 Cruz in 1519. Five years later he mentions California as a great island of fabulous wealth, in a report to 
 the King of Spain. Ten years later than this, Fortuno Ximines sailed from the west coast of Mexico to explore 
 this island. The vessel never got farther north than Cape San Lucas. The next year Cortez sailed up the 
 Gulf of California in person. Four years still later, Ulloa reached the mouth of the Colorado River. It was 
 reserved for Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo to set foot on the soil of Alta California. He entered the bay which he 
 called San Diego in the summer of 1542, almost exactly half a century after Columbus first saw the shores of 
 the New World. A few months later he came up the coast and anchored in San Pedro Bay. Three and a half 
 centuries were destined to pass away before the light of civilization should shed its rays over this land 
 
8 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 In January, 1769, a small vessel, the San Carlos, sailed from La Paz, near Cape San Lucas, for Alta Califor- 
 nia. The expedition was under Jose de Galvez and Caspar de Portola. With them was the far-famed Tunipcro 
 Serra, a devoted and eloquent priest of the Franciscan order. In March, 1769, this expedition landed at San 
 Diego, and proceeded to found the first mission in California. About the middle of July of tin's year, Portola 
 
 (1) MISSION SAN LUIS REY. 
 
 (3) 
 
 (2) MISSION SANTA BARBARA, WITH GARDEN. 
 RUINS OF SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO. 
 
 left San Diego with a company of sixty-four persons, soldiers, mule-drivers, a few Indians and two priests. On 
 the second day of August the Indian village of Yang-na was reached. This day is the feast of Our Lady of the 
 Angels. Hence, the place was named Nuestra Senora de Los Angeles. In 177*1 a company from the Mission 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 9 
 
 San Diego founded the Mission San Gabriel not the present one, but the old mission on the banks of the San 
 Gabriel River, near La Honda. 
 
 In September, 1781, the Governor of Alta California, Felipe de Neve, came from the San Gabriel Mission 
 to the Indian village, Yang-na, with a company to found a pueblo, or town, to be called by the name already 
 bestowed on it by the Spaniards, El Pueblo de Nuestra Senora, la Reina de Los Angeles, (the town of Our 
 Lady, the Queen of the Angels.) The records show there were eleven men, eleven women and twenty-two chil- 
 dren in the party. The site had already been laid out with the Plaza in the center and extending three miles in 
 every direction. Lots were assigned the settlers around the Plaza, and agricultural lands in outside territory. 
 Of the twenty-two adults in the new colony, nine were Indians, eight mulattoes, two negroes, two Spaniards 
 and one half-breed, half Spanish, half Indian. When the nineteenth century dawned there were seventy families, 
 aggregating 315 souls, in the pueblo. 
 
 During the next twenty years all Spanish-America broke out in revolt against the mother country, and the 
 numerous republics reaching from Mexico to Chile and Argentina sprang into being. In 1822 the Spanish set- 
 tlers in California were informed that a revolution had taken place in Mexico; that the Spanish rule was at an 
 end, and that Iturbide was Emperor of Mexico. 
 
 TYPICAL SCENE ON A CALIFORNIA CATTLE RANCH. 
 
 In 1830 the population of the pueblo is set down at about 1200. The colonists raised cattle and sheep, grew 
 crops of wheat which supplied most of the missions, and for a few years made money out of hemp. This last 
 industry, however, was soon overdone and had to be abandoned. By this time a few Englishmen and Americans 
 began to come into the colony. One of the first Americans, and one of the most enterprising, was Don Abel 
 Stearns, who arrived from Boston. In 1831 there was a small rebellion to depose the Governor, set up by the 
 government of Mexico. Among the signers of the revolutionary manifesto was this Don Abel Stearns, Pio 
 I'ico, Juan Bandini and Jose Antonio Carillo, the last three names being familiar in Los Angeles at the present 
 day. Stearns married one of the Bandini family, and lived until some time after 1870, leaving vast tracts of land 
 in Los Angeles county, some of them lying in what is now Orange county, and known until within a few years 
 as the Stearns Ranches. He was by far the richest man in Southern California, possessed of much enterprise 
 and business sagacity. Among other things, he introduced a strain of horses superior to the "broncos" of 
 Mexican origin. He built one of the first two-story business structures in the city, the Arcadia Block, on Los 
 Angeles street, at the head of Aliso^ street. It was built of brick, and is still standing. This was erected about 
 1865. Dona Arcadia de Stearns "later married the late Col. R. S. Baker, who built the Baker Block, about 1875, 
 
PIONEERS-SOME HERE, SOME GONE BEFORE. 
 
 *Chas. Ducommon 
 *Wm. Lacy. 
 *M. S. Baker. 
 T. D. Mott. 
 
 J. M. Guinn. 
 *O. W. Childs. 
 *Isaac Lankershim. 
 *J. de Barth Shorb. 
 
 Erskine M. Ross. 
 *P. Beaudry. 
 
 T. A. Carey. 
 *John E. Hollenbeck. 
 
 *Gen. Phineas Banning. 
 
 G. W. Burton. 
 
 H. D. Barrows. 
 *John G. Downey. 
 
 'Deceased, 
 
MHN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 11 
 
 and this is still an ornament to the city. Mrs. Baker still survives, a witness of all the great growth of the city which 
 was so small at the time of her birth. She enjoys the affectionate esteem of a very long list of friends. In her 
 earlier days she and her two sisters, Mrs. Charles Johnson and Mrs. Winston, were stately ladies, whose personal 
 beauty and dignity of bearing would have won them distinction in any imperial court of Europe. 
 
 Before Abel Stearns, had come Joseph Chapman, in 1818. He taught the people of Los Angeles a good deal 
 in the way of mechanical arts. He built a grist mill and a schooner used by the mission fathers in otter hunting 
 among the islands off the coast. Another early settler was Stephen C. Foster, an American. He was a graduate 
 of Yale College, and organized the first permanent system of public education in the community. A little later 
 came John Temple. His brother, F. P. F. Temple, followed in 1841. John built the southerly portion of Tem- 
 ple Block in 1857, as it now stands. Later he built what used to be the old Courthouse, where the Bullard Building 
 now stands. It was used at first as a market. William Wolfskill of Kentucky arrived in Los Angeles in 1831, 
 married one of the Lugo family, and planted a vineyard where the Arcade Depot now stands. In 1841 he 
 planted four acres to oranges, which by 1886 had grown to be an orchard of thirty acres. The same year 
 arrived Jonathan Trumbull Warner from Connecticut. He was of a commanding figure, six feet four inches, 
 perhaps. The Spanish-speaking people called him Don Juan L ar g> because of his great height. Until near 
 
 COWBOYS PREPARING FOR THE "RODEO." 
 
 the close of the century, he took a prominent part in the development of Los Angeles. Among the later arrivals 
 of Americans in the last decade of Mexican rule who left their impress on the history of the country were Henry 
 Mellus, coming in 1835, and his brother, Francis, who followed a few years later. John Forster, an Englishman, 
 came in 1836. His name is connected with the ex-Mission San Juan Capistrano Rancho, where his son, Marco, 
 still resides. The other son, Juan, died a few years ago in Los Angeles. 
 
 The first party of "tourist" settlers came in 1841. They were led by the late Horn B. D. Wilson, known 
 among the Spaniards as Don Benito Wilson ; John Rowland, William Workman, and D. W. Alexander. Wilson 
 settled in San Gabriel Valley, where he developed a fine ranch property, which is now enjoyed by his widow 
 and two daughters. He was in every sense a good citizen, and served the public well in many capacities. Row- 
 land and Workman settled at Puente, where their descendants still own property. One of these, William R. 
 Rowland, of this city, developed the first oil wells in Southern California on the Puente Rancho, and now enjoys 
 a very handsome income from this source. 
 
 In 1840 the population in and around Los Angeles was estimated at about 2300 people, of whom 550 were 
 Indians. There were forty Americans, about ten English, and a few French and German people among the 
 population. 
 
12 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 The independence of Texas, won in 1836, irritated Mexico against the United States for the reason that the 
 result in the Lone Star State was caused by its colonization by Americans. Bad blood existed between the two 
 nations, culminating in war ten years later. The story of the years between 1840 and 1846 belongs to the transi- 
 tion period. 
 
 The life of these early California pioneers, whether Spanish, Mexican, American or other nationality, was prim- 
 itive in the extreme. It was very much like that of the classical heroes of Homer and Virgil, or that of the Biblical 
 patriarchs. Agriculture was sporadic and crude; a small amount of wheat, little vineyards and smaller orchards, 
 some of oranges, some of deciduous fruits, was all that was attempted. It was a pastoral age, and the cattle on 
 the plains and hills were raised and slaughtered for their hides and tallow. There was no market for anything 
 else. The people as a rule were honest, law-abiding, sober, but not industrious. They were kindly in their rela- 
 tions one to another, and hospitable to strangers, as well as to those "to the manor born." They lived mostly 
 in the open air and on horseback. It required but little labor to attend the flocks, and horses were cheaper than 
 dirt. The annual sales of hides, tallow and wool brought in abundance for the few wants of the simple people. 
 Life was free, easy, careless, poetical and enchanting. Highly-civilized people of today, with colossal fortunes, 
 are as a rule far less healthy and far less happy. The "gringo" took life as easily as his native-born neighbor. 
 He married into the families of the country, and the only difference was in his greater providence and greater 
 shrewdness, by which he succeeded in obtaining possession of most of the best ranches before the second genera- 
 tion came to manhood. Few of the Spanish or Mexican families are found now with any great portion of the 
 wealth of this day of great things in Southern California. 
 
 ALCALDES, OR MAYORS, OF LOS ANGELES. 
 
 Spanish. 
 
 1788 
 
 1789 
 
 1790 
 
 1791 
 
 1792 
 
 1793-5 
 
 1796 
 
 '797 
 
 1798 
 
 1799 
 
 1800 
 
 1802 
 
 1X09 
 
 1810 
 
 1 8 16-8 
 
 1819-20 
 
 r82i 
 
 Jose Vanegas (an Indian) 
 Jose Sinova 
 Mariano Verdtigo 
 Francisco Reyes 
 Jose Vanegas 
 Francisco Reyes 
 Jose Vanegas 
 Manuel Arellano 
 Guillermo Soto 
 Francisco Serrano 
 Jcaqnin Higtiero 
 Mariano Verdngo 
 Guillermo Soto 
 Francisco Avila 
 Antonio Maria Lugo 
 Anastasio Avila 
 Anastasio Carrillo 
 
 1850 
 
 Mexican. 
 
 1822-3 Manuel Gutierrez 
 
 1824 Encarnacion Urguideo 
 
 1825 Jose Maria Avila 
 
 1826 Claudio Lopez 
 
 1827 Guillermo Cota 
 
 1828 J. A. Carrillo 
 
 1829 Guillermo Cota 
 
 1830 Tiburcio Tapia 
 
 1831 Vicente Sanchez 
 
 1832 Manuel Dominguez 
 
 1833 Jose A. Carrillo 
 
 1834 Jose Perez 
 
 '835 Francisco Javier Alvarado 
 Dominguez Romero 
 
 1836 Manuel Requena 
 Tiburcio Tapia 
 
 1837 Gil Abarra 
 
 Jose L. Sepulveda 
 
 1838 Luis Arena 
 Jose Perez 
 
 1839 Tiburcio Tapia 
 Manuel Dominguez 
 
 1840 Santiago Arguello 
 
 1841-3 (No Ayuntamiento, or City Council ) 
 i44 .Manuel Requena 
 Tiburcio Tapia 
 
 1845 Vicente Sanchez 
 Jose I,. Sepulveda 
 
 1846 Juan Gallardo 
 Jose I,. Sepulveda 
 
 1847 Jose Salazar 
 Enrico Avila 
 
 1848 Vicente Guerrero 
 
 1849 Jose del Carmen Lugo 
 Jose L. Sepulveda 
 
 First Mayors Under American Rule. 
 Abel Stearns Ignacio Del Valle 
 
 It will be noted that there are several breaks in the list. 
 early days, and proceedings were often irregular. 
 
 There were many political upheavals in these 
 
 PIONEERS -SOME HERE, SOME GONE BEFORE. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 13 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE TRANSITION PERIOD. 
 
 The revolt of Texas from Mexico in 1836, and the persistent proposal of that new republic to become a part 
 of the United States, created much irritation between the two countries. Mexico made it plain that the admis- 
 sion of Texas as a State of the Union must be met by war. This did not deter the United States, but created a 
 conservative policy, the aim of which was to put the burden of aggression on Mexico. At the same time, the 
 administration at Washington encouraged rather than repressed any movement short of actual hostilities which 
 might provoke the smaller republic to declare war. England and France were looking with covetous eyes on 
 that vast region of country lying between 
 the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific 
 Ocean, then claimed by Mexico. The 
 Monroe Doctrine dictated to the United 
 States the policy of permitting no non- 
 American nation to become master of so 
 commanding a position on her western bor- 
 ders and in the Pacific Ocean. Command- 
 ers of American fleets in the Pacific had 
 confidential instructions from Washington 
 as to what action they should take in 
 emergencies. 
 
 Tn 1842 Commodore Jones sailed sud- 
 denly from Callao, Peru, and, arriving at 
 Monterey, landed a body of marines and 
 ran up "Old Glory" in place of the Mexican 
 flag. In a few days he found that he had 
 made a mistake, and replaced the Mexican 
 colors in their proper place, apologizing for 
 his hostile act. In 1846 John C. Fremont, 
 then a captain in the army of the United 
 States, attached to the Topographical En- 
 gineer Corps, came into California, over- 
 land, with about sixty followers. He pro- 
 ceeded to Monterey, and informed Gen. 
 Castro, who had command of the Mexican 
 forces in the territory, that his purpose was 
 scientific exploration. Castro became sus- 
 picious of the designs of the Americans, 
 and ordered them to leave the country. 
 He assembled a company of 200 men 
 to enforce his commands. Fremont went 
 north, but on the heels of this event came 
 Lieut. Gillespie from Washington with 
 
 dispatches for Fremont, which caused the latter to retrace his steps. He halted near Sacramento. In 
 June, 1846, a little handful of Americans, about thirty in number, assembled at Sonoma, formed what 
 they called the "California Republic," ran up the famous Bear flag, and took Gen. Vallejo prisoner, but a 
 month later threw themselves on Fremont for protection. In August news reached California that Mexico had de- 
 clared war against the United States on, May 13. In June this news had reached Commodore Sloat at Mazatlan. 
 He at once hurried to Monterey. July 7 Sloat landed a party, proceeded to the town, hauled down the Mexican 
 flag and ran up the "Stars and Stripes," this time to stay. Soon after. Commodore Stockton succeeded Sloat. 
 Fremont had already gone to San Diego to cut off Castro's army from escaping into Lower California. August 
 IT, Stockton, who had sailed south, set out from San Pedro for Los Angeles, his men hauling their cannon by 
 
 OLD SPANISHIMAP REPRESENTING CALIFORNIA AS AN ISLAND. 
 
14 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 hand. Two days later Fremont arrived from San Diego. There was no resistance, and the Americans estab- 
 lished headquarters on Main street, where the St. Charles Hotel now stands. Stockton organized a military 
 company, which he put in command of Don Benito Wilson. A few skirmishes took place ; Wilson surrendered 
 to a party of Mexican partisans out on the Chino Ranch; Gillespie fled to San Pedro, spiked his guns and flung 
 them into the bay. These Wilson later took from the water and sank them in the street where his store was, on 
 the corner of Main and Commercial streets. Two of them are still there. Three Mexicans, Jose Maria Flores, 
 Jose Antonio Carrillo and Andres Pico, brother of Gov. Pio Pico, organized a revolt. Stockton returned from 
 the north with 800 men. December 5, 1846, Gen. Stephen W. Kearney came from the East to San Diego. He 
 led about 1600 men. A little battle ensued with Andres Pico and his native Californians, in which the Ameri- 
 cans were worsted. Dr. John S. Griffin was of this party. Later he became a citizen of Los Angeles, where he 
 arose to much prominence, and died here only a few years ago, highly respected. 
 
 Kearney came out with a commission making him Governor of the Territory, superseding Stockton and 
 Fremont. Stockton had sailed to San Diego, where he met Kearney, and they organized a joint expedition to 
 recapture Los Angeles. A skirmish took place at the San Gabriel River between this force and some 500 native 
 Californians. Next day another skirmish took place about two miles from Los Angeles, and January TO, 1847, 
 Stockton and Kearney entered the city, victorious over the revolting native forces. Gillespie ran up the flag at 
 the old headquarters on Main street, which he had abandoned a few months before. A plan for a fort on the 
 hill where the High School now stands was made by Kearney's orders, from which the hill was long known as 
 Fort Hill, and the street leading south was known as Fort street, until about 1890, when it was renamed 
 Broadway. 
 
 A dispute arose between Stockton and Kearney as to which was in command. Stockton held his ground, and 
 appointed Fremont, who had come back from the north, civil Governor of California. This was June 19, 1847. 
 Kearney withdrew to San Diego, to await further orders from Washington. In less than two months Col. 
 Richard B. Mason arrived from Washington, bearing dispatches which set at rest all question as to Kearney's 
 supremacy. Fremont quarreled with Mason, and was ordered to Washington, where he was tried before a court- 
 martial and found guilty of disobedience. 
 
 PALM DRIVE, JOHN SINGLETON'S GROUNDS, LOS ANGELES, 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 15 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 EARLY DAYS UNDER "OLD GLORY." 
 
 Fremont held sway from January to March, 1847, when Kearney came to be recognized as in command, 
 and Col. St. George Cooke, who had led the "Mormon Battalion" from Missouri, was put in charge of affairs 
 at Los Angeles. In May, Cooke was succeeded by Col. J. B. Stevenson, who had come into the Territory with 
 Kearney. He led a regiment of New York volunteers. Many followers of Fremont, Cooke and Stevenson 
 remained permanently in Los Angeles. Kearney appointed Stephen C. Foster Alcalde, or Mayor, of the city. 
 Don Abel Stearns was City Assessor and Tax Collector. The native Californians so resented the action of Kear- 
 ney that they resigned in a body from the Ayuntamiento, or City Council. The two Americans administered the 
 affairs of the city as best they could. They ordered a general cleaning-up of the pueblo, formed a "chain-gang" 
 out of the recalcitrant element, and put the water system in better shape. In May, 1849, an election was held 
 for a new Council, John Temple being the only American elected. Next year Don Abel Stearns was the first reg- 
 ularly-elected Mayor under American rule. B. D. Wilson and D. W. Alexander were elected members of the 
 Council. 
 
 In 1849 the first Legislature under American rule divided California into counties, one being called Los 
 Angeles, which embraced all the territory lying between the Tehachepi Mountains, San Diego county, the ocean 
 and the Colorado River. In April, 1850, the first election of county officers under American sway took place. 
 Augustin Olivera was elected Judge: P>. D. Wilson, Clerk; Benjamin Hayes, Attorney; J. R. Conway, Surveyor; 
 Manuel Garfias, Treasurer; Antonio F. Coronel, Assessor; Ignacio Del Valle, Recorder; George T. Burrill, 
 Sheriff; Charles B. Cullen, Coroner. Few in number as the Americans were in the community, they knew how 
 to "do politics," as shown in the list above. The total value of real property in the county, as shown by the 
 assessment rolls, was $748,606. The improvements were assessed at $301,947, and the personal property, mostly 
 herds, and flocks, at $1,183,898 broadly speaking, as much as the real estate and improvements together. Until 
 after the discovery of gold at Slitter's Mill, Los Angeles had been the largest city in the State. This was in 
 the spring of 1848. This discovery brought an influx of 80,000 people into California in 1849. ^ n ' three years 
 $215,000,000 in gold was taken out, and armies of people flocked to California by way of the Isthmus, around 
 Cape Horn and acros,s the plains. Los Angeles fell to a place of minor importance as compared with San 
 Francisco, Sacramento and other cities in the mining sections of the country. 
 
 The first constitutional convention in California met in Monterey, in August, 1849. The Los Angeles dele- 
 gates were Abel Stearns, J. A. Carrillo, Stephen C. Foster and Manuel Dominguez. The form of constitution 
 adopted provided for the exclusion of slavery in the new State. After a hard fight in Congress, California was 
 admitted to the L^nion, with its anti-slavery provision, September 9, 1850. 
 
 Under the Spanish and Mexican governments, all the land in the pueblo belonged to the public domain except- 
 ing as it was disposed of to private owners by the Ayuntamiento, or Council. The system of passing title and of 
 keeping records was very crude. The first survey of the city lands had been made by Gen. Ord, then Lieut. 
 E. O. C. Ord, in 1849. H 'aid out the streets and lots now forming the center of the city, as far south as Pico 
 street, north to where River Station now is. east to the river and west to the hills, cutting Pico street at Figueroa. 
 
 At the time of the admission of California into the Union, in 1850, the city of Los Angeles contained 1610 
 inhabitants, and the great territory known as Los Angeles county, 3530. It had been larger, but the gold excite- 
 ment had drawn many away to the mines in the central portion of the State. 
 
 All attempts at public instruction up to 1850 had been few and unsuccessful. During the next three years 
 several attempts were made to establish a school, but not until 1853 was there a determined attempt in this direc- 
 tion made. In the tax levy of the previous year an item for schools was introduced, and three school commis- 
 sioners were appointed by the Council. For some years after this, little progress was made, but in 1854 Stephen 
 C. Foster was elected Mayor, and, being a man of high intellectual attainments, a graduate of Yale College, and 
 of patriotic impulses, he gave earnest attention to providing proper public instruction for the youth of the city. 
 The next year a school was erected at the corner of Spring and Second streets, where the Bryson building now 
 stands. It was of brick, two stories high, and cost about $6000. It served for over thirty years as the principal 
 school of the city. Later a second school was put up north of the Plaza on Bath street, now Olivera street. This 
 was also used for school purposes until the great "boom" took place, about 1886. Many of the prominent men 
 of the city of the present day, as well as women prominent in society, were educated in these two schools, 
 Foster was a kind of pioneer "Pooh-Bah," being Superintendent of Schools as well as Mayor. 
 
16 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 The year in which California became a State, Theodore Foster took steps to give the citizens of Los Angeles 
 a paper. It made its first appearance but not under Foster May 17, 1851. It bore the Spanish name, "La 
 Estrella"- -"The Star." It was published in Spanish and English. This did not last long. The two languages 
 were separated, and Los Angeles had two papers. In 1851 William H. Rand was one of the proprietors of 
 The Star. He returned East after a short time, and became a famous publisher in Chicago as senior member 
 of the firm of Rand & McNallv. Henry Hamilton became owner of The Star in 1856, and continued to publish 
 an excellent weekly paper, with a short intermission, beginning in 1864, until 1873, when he sold the paper to 
 Maj. Ben C. Truman, who conducted it until the time of its demise. Col. John O. Wheeler published a weekly 
 paper- -The Southern Californian in an old adobe on First street, between Spring and Broadway, near where 
 The Times Building now is. About this time, William H. Workman came to the city from Missouri, and set 
 type on Col. Wheeler's paper. 
 
 The first effort crowned with any kind of success in establishing a Protestant church in Los Angeles was 
 in 1859. The first Protestant services of which any record remains were held by Rev. J. W. Brier, a Methodist 
 who was passing through the city in 1850. This service was held in a private house where the Bullard building 
 now stands. In 1853 Rev. Adam Bland was sent out by the Methodist church to found a society in Los Angeles. 
 Mr. Bland remained in active ministerial work in and about Los Angeles for many years. In 1854 Rev. James 
 Woods, a minister of the Presbyterian faith, came to Los Angeles. After a year of effort he organized a congre- 
 gation, over which he presided for some years. In 1859 Rev. W. E. Boardman, also a Presbyterian, came and 
 began the erection of a brirt- church building on the corner of Temple and New High streets. Mr. Boardman 
 returned East before the edifice was completed. The building remained unused until 1863, when Rev. Elias 
 Birdsall, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, come here, to whom the structure was turned over by the trustees 
 in charge. The outcome was that, about 1868, the Episcopal Church paid back the money the Presbyterians had 
 put into the enterprise, and acquired title to the property, which they held until 1884, when it was sold. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Church, which had presided over the founding of Los Angeles, continued to grow as the 
 city grew. In 1858 the Sisters' Hospital was founded. The Sisters, who came from Maryland, began their minis- 
 . trations in a small way in a private house; then established themselves on San Fernando street, opposite where the 
 River Station stands. Here they carried on their work for a quarter of a century, until they erected their present 
 magnificent plant on Bellevue avenue. Another band of Sisters founded an orphan asylum in 1856, and worked 
 zealously for many years, until they were able to erect their great edifice on Boyle Heights. St. Vincent's College 
 was founded in 1855, and prospered so that it now has a large and well-equipped plant on the corner of Grand 
 avenue and Washington street. 
 
 Grape-growing was carried on with some enterprise in the decade now under review. In 1857 shipments of 
 grapes amounted to nearly 1,000,000 pounds, and of wine to 250,000 gallons. So important was the industry 
 considered that in 1857 J. T. Warner published a paper called The Southern Vineyard. 
 
 Oranges had been planted by the mission fathers at San Gabriel as soon as the mission was founded. Wil- 
 liam Wolfskill was the first resident of Los Angeles city to make much of an effort in this way. In 1856 he sold 
 400 boxes. 
 
 At the close of this decade, in the national election of 1860, the vote of Los Angeles stood: Breckenridge, 
 703; Douglas, 494; Lincoln, 356; Bell, 210. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEl'EMEXT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 A PERIOD OF STAGNATION. 
 
 There was little growth in Los Angeles between 1860 and 1880. The outbreak of the war kept men North 
 and South at home. After the close of the war the reorganization of society operated in the same direction. Nor 
 was there much to draw men generally to so remote a section as Southern California, cut off as it was from all 
 parts of the country, from lack of railroads by land and lines of steamers by sea. The stage coach was the slow, 
 uncomfortable, costly and dangerous means of travel. Stock-raising continued to be the principal industry, and 
 weather conditions made this very unprofitable. In 1862 the State was inundated by the greatest flood ever 
 known. It spread over the State from Shasta to San Diego. The next nine years were marked for the most 
 part by severe droughts. The two years after the flood, like the one before that, were as dry as that was wet. 
 The plains were strewn with dead animals ; the cienegas, or springs, were piled with carcasses until the atmosphere 
 
 SCENE ON A CALIFORNIA SHEEP RANCH. 
 
 was fetid. In 1868 there was again rather more than an abundance of rain, but this was followed by another 
 period of three dry years, in which cattle and sheep fared badly. Times were very hard. A few Southern people 
 came in after the close of the war. They were mostly of the professional classes, and brought very little money 
 with them. In 1863 Dr. John S. Griffin held a bill against the city fo'r about $1000. He was unable to obtain 
 payment in money, and forced to take city land. The city gave him nearly all that territory now known as 
 East Los Angeles, at 50 cents per acre. 
 
 An event of very great importance came to pass in 1860. L. J. Rose came out from Illinois, bringing his wife. 
 He passed from one end of the State to the other before determining where they should cast in their lot. After 
 traveling over the length and breadth of California, he returned to the San Gabriel Valley and chose Sunny Slope 
 as the most attractive spot he had ever seen. Rose proceeded to plant orange trees and vines, until about 1885 
 or 1886 he had nearly a thousand acres in vines and several hundred in orange trees. He also entered into the 
 'breeding of horses, and developed one of the best strains of trotters in the world. Twenty years after he set- 
 tled in the San Gabriel Yallev, Mr. Rose told the author of this sketch that he had then paid $127,000 in interest 
 
18 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 on money borrowed to develop his property. He did as much as, if not more than, any other one person to demon- 
 strate the wonderful fertility of the soil and semi-tropic suns of Southern California. In 1882 the grapes crushed 
 at the Rose winery in one day were more than the total product of all the vineyards in Southern California in 
 1902. 
 
 The closing years of this decade witnessed the building of a good many business edifices of greater preten- 
 sions than had gone before. The Bella Union Hotel, now the St. Charles, was built. The La Fayette Hotel, 
 which stood where the St. Elmo is now, was also among the number. The United States Hotel, two stories of 
 the present structure, was put up. Bell's Block, sometimes known as Mellus Row, an adobe building, with a 
 half-story in wood above, on the corner of Aliso and Los Angeles streets, where Haas, Baruch & Co.'s fine whole- 
 sale house now stands, was of this period. Don Abel Stearns, in 1865, put up the Arcadia Block on Los Angeles 
 street, opposite where Aliso street comes in. This is still standing in an excellent state of preservation, and occu- 
 pied for business purposes. In 1869 the Pico House was begun. It is now the National Hotel, a good three- 
 story building, on Main street and the Plaza. In this same year John M. Griffith, who was engaged in the 
 lumber business and in freighting from San Pedro to Los Angeles, built the first really modern house in Los 
 Angeles. It stood on Fort street, now Broadway, where the Potomac building is now. When this latter building 
 was erected by Griffith, the house was moved back on HU1 street and again was remodeled during the past year 
 into a Presbyterian church. 
 
 The first bank was opened in Los Angeles in 1868. Alvinza Hayward sent his son, James A. Hayward, 
 down from San Francisco, and with ex-Gov. John G. Downey as partner, opened the banking house of 
 Alvinza Hayward & Co. The bank was in the old Downey building, on Main street, a little north of Temple. 
 Another bank was opened the same year by Isaias W. Hellman. It was known as the Hellman, Temple & Co. 
 Bank, and the banking house was on Main street, where the Central Hotel now stands, almost directly opposite 
 the rival institution. In 1871 the two banks were merged into the Farmers and Merchants Rank, which stands 
 today by far the largest banking institution in the State outside of San Francisco. The Temple & Workman Bank- 
 was organized not long after the others, but this collapsed with the failure of the Bank of California, in San 
 Francisco, on the death of A1 '-'liam C. Ralston, in 1875. 
 
 Communication with the outside world was at all times in the early days a matter of very great interest to 
 the people of Los Angeles. Soon after the American occupation, a ship was put on to ply between San Pedro and 
 San Francisco, also two lines of stages from the landing to Los Angeles, with a system of freight wagons. Gen. 
 Phineas Banning controlled one line from Wilmington and John L. Tomlinson one from San Pedro. The rail- 
 road world has never developed sharper competition than existed between these two lines, and mankind has seldom 
 seen anything more picturesque than the races between the rival stages on "steamer day," as the drivers 
 whipped their horses into furious spe<.d to see which stage would reach the door of the Bella L'nion first. An 
 effort was begun as early as 1863 to get a railroad from San Pedro to Los Angeles. Gen. Banning served in 
 the State Senate from 1865 to 1868, and in the last year a bill passed the Legislature by which the county 'of Los 
 Angeles was authorized to issue bonds to the amount of $150,000, and the city $75,000 to aid in the construction 
 of the road. Work was begun soon after, and in the fall of 1869 trains were in operation from the landing at 
 Wilmington to the junction of Commercial and Alameda streets. The depot was where the Los Angeles Milling 
 Company's mill now stands. 
 
 In 1869 the city leased the water system to Dr. John S. Griffin, Prudent Beaudry and Solomon Lazard for 
 a period of thirty years. The company was to pay $1500 a year for its privileges, put the -system in, proper 
 order, and keep it so, and at the end of the period sell the plant to the city at a price to be determined upon. The 
 stockholders in this company put much money in their purses during the thirty years, and a couple of years ago, 
 after much contention, sold out to the people at $2,000,000. 
 
 With the opening of the next decade came the era of railroads for Southern California. Thomas A. Scott 
 had been working on a project to construct a line from Texas to San Diego. The Southern Pacific was building 
 down through the San Joaquin Valley from San Francisco to Los Angeles. For a bonus of about $600,000 the 
 California company agreed to come down over the Tehachepi and Soledad passes and to go on to San Bernar- 
 dino, with a branch from Los Angeles to Santa Ana. The old Banning line from San Pedro was also to be 
 made part of this Southern Pacific system. In February, 1873, work was begun on the line eastward over in 
 East Los Angeles, and construction was pushed southward from Bakersfield. Work was also begun from Los 
 Angeles northward, and in September, 1876, connection was made in the Soledad Canon by which Southern 
 California obtained rail communication with San Francisco and thence East by the Central Pacific. By 1883 the 
 line eastward through Arizona was completed through to New Orleans. Almost simultaneously with the South- 
 ern Pacific enterprise, Senator John P. Jones of Nevada began the construction of a railroad from Santa Monica 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 19 
 
 to Los Angeles, intending; to push it on through Nevada to Salt Lake. The line from the ocean to the city was 
 built. The failure of Jay Cook and his great Northern Pacific enterprise paralyzed all industries throughout 
 the country, among them the road of Senator Jones. In 1878 the Santa Monica branch was sold to the Southern 
 Pacific. The wharf at Santa Monica was demolished, but the road kept in operation. Los Angeles has had to 
 wait twenty-five years for Senator W. A. Clark of Montana to take up the neglected thread of this enterprise 
 and give Southern California rail connection with Salt Lake. 
 
 These railroad enterprises started what may be regarded as the first general real estate "boom" in Los Ange- 
 les. All the business of the city was done on Main and Los Angeles streets, a block or two north and south of 
 Commercial street. Property on Spring street, which in early days had sold for $50 per lot, had risen to $40 or $50 
 a foot. In 1873 these prices were nearly doubled for a while, but with the Jay Cook failure in the East and 
 the Ralston failure in San Francisco, a crisis reached Los Angeles, and the Temple & Workman Bank closed its 
 doors, never to open again-. Downey closed the doors of the Farmers and Merchants Bank. I. W. Hellman 
 had been in Europe, and had arrived in New York almost on the very day of the Jay Cook failure. He hastened 
 across the continent to San Francisco, and secured a large sum of money from his friends. With this he made 
 his way with all speed to Los Angeles. The morning after his arrival he threw open the doors of the bank, and 
 there was a great rush of depositors to get their money. As fast as they were paid off they rushed into the street 
 with sacks full of coin. There was no other bank in' the city whose doors were open. What should they do 
 with their coin? One by one they began to venture back to the counter of the Farmers and Merchants Bank 
 and offer their money for deposit. One of the tellers reported the situation to Hellman, and asked if these people 
 might reopen their accounts. "Oh. no!" replied the banker. "They wanted their money; they have it; we do 
 not want it back." That stopped the run. The Temple & Workman Bank remained closed forever, and Tem- 
 ple's real estate was thrown on the market. Portions of his land in the San Gabriel Valley, lying south of the 
 Alhambra of today and stretching to the San 1 Gabriel River, were sold for 50 cents an acre. 
 
 About 1867 Gen. Banning began an effort to get the Federal government to improve San Pedro Harbor. 
 In 1869 George H. Mendell, a colonel of the Engineer Corps of the United States Army, was sent down from 
 San Francisco to look over the situation. His report was very favorable. Congress appropriated $425,000 for 
 the work, which later on was doubled, and with this the entrance was so deepened that sixteen feet of water 
 was obtained on -the bar. 
 
 LOS ANGELES IN 1856. 
 
 (1) OLD UNITED STATES HOTEL. (21 JUNCTION OF SPRING AND MAIN STREETS. 
 
 (3) LOS ANGELES STREET. 
 
20 MSN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE MODERN EPOCH. 
 
 The history of the Los Angeles of today centers in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. The 
 progress of the years had been slow. When California became American, the city of Los Angeles contained only 
 about 1600 people. The great county of Los Angeles embraced nearly all Southern California, had but little 
 more than 3500 persons. After twenty years, the census of 1870 showed a growth to 5614 in the city and 15,209 
 in the county. It was only about twice as large at the end of a decade; for just before the census of 1880 was 
 taken, a mining excitement in Arizona drew off many people from Southern California. But influences were at 
 work which were preparing for a period of advancement. The mission fathers had established the fact that 
 Southern California soil was capable of producing marvelous results. The vine, the citrus family of trees, and 
 the olive had been proved perfectly adaptable to the soil and climate of the country. L. J. Rose, J. dc Earth 
 Short) and William Wolfskill had demonstrated this fact beyond the reach of controversy. In 1877 Shorb 
 reported the sale of oranges from a seven-acre orchard at $7000. The crop was marketed in San Francisco. 
 Wolfskill, in the same year, succeeded in shipping a carload to St. Louis, where the fruit sold at a profit, although 
 the freight charges were $500. Such facts as these and the charm of the climate began to be known all over 
 the country, and the eyes of many people began to turn to this portion of the globe. 
 
 But another mighty energy for the development of the country now began to make itself felt with new force. 
 The existence of the weekly paper, The Star, has been noted. This was followed by The News, which, in 1867 
 to 1870, was the only daily in the State outside of San Francisco. In 1871 The Evening Express was founded 
 by Jesse Yarnell, John Paynter and George A. Tiffany, all practical printers. Henry C. Austin, now a Justice of 
 the Peace in this city, was the editor of the new paper, which was Republican in politics. Heretofore the public 
 press had been Democratic. In 1873 C. A. Storke, now of Santa Barbara, established The Herald. In 1875 
 The \Veekly Mirror was founded. This is now the weekly edition of The Times, which was begun as a daily in 
 December, 1881. Joseph D. Lynch and the late James J. Ayres gained control ot The Herald and Express. The 
 local press began to tell the world at large of the many attractions held out by this part of the country to those in 
 search of health or wealth. In 1880 The Herald put forth a midsummer illustrated edition, with articles on the soil, 
 climate, orange culture, grape-growing and other local industries. This went to the ends of the earth. From 
 that day to this, a period of over twenty years, no section of country ever had public prints so generally loyal 
 to their section, so prescient as to the possibilities of a section, and so energetic in making these facts known to 
 the world. Los Angeles city and all Southern California owe more to the local press and to the loyal, enthusiastic, 
 energetic, able and eloquent newspaper men of the section than to any one other influence, if not more than to 
 all other influences combined. The carefully-compiled matter that has been printed about the section in thous- 
 ands of tons, and the eloquent praises of sun and soil, of scenery and opportunity to make money, have filled the 
 world with detailed and intimate knowledge of all there is here to attract the seeker for health, for wealth or for 
 pleasure. 
 
 The completion of the railroad to San Francisco and thence east by Salt Lake, and directly eastward through 
 Arizona, opened the markets of the world to the products of Southern California, and opened this section to the 
 health and pleasure-seekers of the wide world. Affairs were dead enough in 1880, and for two or three years 
 following, but L. J. Rose was paying $20 a ton for grapes and the eastern markets were absorbing California 
 fruits at remunerative prices. Still, of the comparatively few small and cheaply-built houses in the city, 
 hundreds were untenanted. The owners would not rent them, so intent were they on selling and being done with 
 a bad bargain, as they considered them. A house and lot could be had for less than the house had cost to build, 
 and lots could be had at about any figure a buyer might offer. Col. Robert S. Baker, in 1875, had put up the 
 Baker Block, a beautiful three-story structure, which to this day is an ornament to the city. In 1880 it stood 
 almost tenantless. The census of this year showed that there were in the city a little over 11,000 people, and 33>88i 
 in the county, which, by this time, had been cut down by the erection of San Bernardino county, Santa Barbara 
 and Ventura counties, so that it embraced only the territory of Los Angeles and Orange counties as they are 
 now. Things moved very slowly for the next three years, but new blood had begun to come in. In the central 
 part of the State there had been a very substantial increase in the value of lands suitable to the production of 
 grapes or of deciduous fruits. Shrewd men began to turn their eyes to Southern California, where values were 
 still very low. The conditions were slow to change. In 1882 T. D. Mott found some difficulty in selling 120 
 feet on Spring street by 165 on Fifth, the northwest corner, with a brick house of some pretensions on it, for 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST 21 
 
 $3750. The same property had been sold in 1 869 for $5000, and resold to Mott at the same price in 1873. In 1876 
 an offer of $9000 was refused for it, the asking price being $10,000. With the incoming of new blood and 
 capital, in 1880 to 1883, things were beginning to change. The newcomers began to pick up unimproved property 
 from the hands of the discouraged "old-timers" at very low prices. Along the crest of Bunker Hill lots were 
 still pressed on the market at $5 a front foot and up to $10 on Grand avenue, then called Charity street. But 
 tenantless houses began to grow scarce. By 1883 there were hardly any left. Then newcomers were obliged 
 to buy lots and build houses. Property began to rise in value. The Express urged the property-holders on 
 Spring and Main streets, near Temple and Commercial, to purchase the old Courthouse site, where the Bullard 
 building now is, fronting on Main, Spring, Market and Court streets, and hold it to present to the Federal gov- 
 ernment as a site for a Federal building. The Supervisors offered to sell the property for $50,000. About this 
 time St. Paul's Episcopal Church sold 120 feet on New High street by 165 on Temple, the southwest corner, now 
 the Courthouse grounds, for $10,000. Population continued to increase, and new residences to be needed. But 
 the new buildings were nearly all cheap, one-story cottages, costing $1000 to $1500, being the universal rule with 
 hardly an exception. The corners of First and Spring streets were still occupied by shacks. Small cottages 
 occupied nearly all the space on First street between Main and Spring. By 1884 a decided change had taken 
 place. Hon. C. H. Washburn had enlisted capital to put up a plant to light the city by electricity. It was a small 
 affair on the corner of Alameda and Turner streets. A little later he built an electric railroad from the corner 
 of First and Los Angeles streets to Pico Heights, where the Electric Railroad Homestead tract was laid out 
 and put on the market. 
 
 There were a few venturesome people who began to see the great future which lay before Los Angeles, and 
 launched enterprises in advance of the times. In 1882 Remi Nadeau purchased the southwest corner of Spring 
 and First streets and put up the Nadeau Hotel as it stands today. So far was this from the business center that 
 no one would rent it for hotel purposes. It was used as a rooming-house for several years. A couple of years 
 later the late Maj. George H. Bonebrake and Hon. John Bryson bought the opposite corner and put up what is 
 now the Los Angeles National Bank building. It was in 1888 that these same two men bought the Spring-street 
 school site, on the northwest corner of Spring and Second streets, and put up what is now the Bryson building. 
 For this they paid the city $1000 per front foot. Meantime, L. J. Rose erected a three-story building on Main 
 street nearly opposite the Baker Block. Other business blocks continued to be put up near the business center. 
 Most of the business was still confined to the district lying between the Plaza and First street. The County Jail 
 was an old adobe, where the People's Store is at the present time, on the corner of Spring and Franklin streets. 
 The late Louis Phillips of Pomona paid $500 a foot to the county for this property, and some time later erected 
 the building now on it. In 1884 or 1885, Earl B. Millar erected a three-story brick building on the west side 
 of Broadway, about midway between First and Second, and there were few people in the city who did not 
 wonder if he would ever get a tenant to occupy it. By this time new people were coming in pretty freely. 
 Railroad fares from the East had fallen a little. N. C. Carter and Phillips & Judson, men who had come here, 
 one for health, the others for business considerations, began to go East and gather up parties to visit California 
 on reduced rates for railroad travel. More houses continued to be built. There came a demand for building 
 lots more remote from the business center, and tracts as far out as Pico and Figueroa streets were put on the 
 market. The newcomers began to put up more pretentious houses. The cottage costing $1000 to $1500 gave 
 place to two-story houses costing $2500 to $3000; but the progress was not at a rapid pace until quite up to 1885. 
 
 The Santa Fe Railroad Company had been building in the Southwest for some years. The road had reached 
 The Needles on the Colorado River, where it connected with the Mojave branch of the Southern Pacific. They had 
 built to Guaymas in the State of Sonora, Mexico, and had a connection with the Southern Pacific at Nogales. 
 One day the late C. P. Huntington, who had charge of the financial affairs of the Southern Pacific, found himself 
 in need of a million dollars. He needed it at once, and he needed it very much. Money was not easy. He 
 obtained what he wanted by selling the Mojave branch of the road to the Santa Fe, the Guaymas branch of the 
 Santa Fe being turned over to the Southern Pacific. The Santa Fe proceeded to build from Barstow through 
 Cajon Pass to Colton. Having made trackage arrangements with the Southern Pacific, access was had to Los 
 Angeles. California oranges had begun to reach the markets of the East. At New Orleans in 1884 the 
 California fruit had taken the first prizes. The newspapers had been for five or six years heralding the praises 
 of the section to willing ears all over the country. The railroads made more and more favorable rates to the 
 Coast. Personally-conducted excursion parties became frequent and were well patronized. The eastern railroads 
 sent out regular agents to work in Los Angeles. A war of railroad rates brought fares lower and lower, until 
 they reached $25, and for months people could come to the Coast for that much. The fare had been as high as 
 8150; then $100. For a few hours on one day the rate for a trip across the continent fell to $i. Then a truce 
 was made, but the rates remained very reasonable as compared with what they had been. In 1886 nearly all the 
 railroads were running excursion trains at low rates, and the people poured in. The newcomers knew of the 
 
22 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 army behind them, and began to gather up "corner lots" and "choice residence sites" in all parts of the city. The 
 pioneers, who never dreamed of what was coming, were willing sellers. The "tenderfeet" held for a rise, and 
 made those who came a week later pay it. 
 So the "boom" began. 
 
 PALM DRIVE. JOHN SINGLETON'S GROUNDS, LOS ANGELES. 
 
MEX OF ACHIEJ'EMEXT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 23 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE GREAT "BOOM." 
 
 The speculation in real property which prevailed in Southern California in 1886 and 1887, forcing values up 
 at a rate never before experienced in so short a time, has been known ever since by the slang term, "The Boom." 
 Abroad its history has never been correctly told, nor its reasons comprehended. From the time the Americans 
 came to California, up to nearly 1880, agriculture was more or less neglected in all sections. Stock-raising and 
 gold mining seemed the only pursuits worthy of any attention. In the drought of 1861 the small population 
 of the State almost starved for bread, flour having to be brought from the East. On many a league-long ranch 
 milk, butter, potatoes and vegetables of all kinds were unknown, excepting as they were brought in from the 
 outside. Farmers raised hogs and drove them 250 miles to San Francisco, and at the same time used on their 
 own tables hams and bacon cured in Chicago. When Isaac Friedlander began to grow wheat in the San Joaquin 
 Valley for export, Californians regarded him as more or less lacking in common sense; but by 1880 wine grapes 
 and deciduous fruits, such as peaches, plums and prunes, had become important crops in the counties around 
 San Francisco Bay. Before this time, such pursuits received little attention in Southern California. The 
 orange had come to be regarded as worthy attention. Both city and country properties were selling slowly at 
 prices far below their intrinsic value. With the inflow of new people the point of view began to change. 
 Grapes at $20 a ton were recognized as profitable to the grower. The "tenderfeet" of the three years, 1885 to 
 1887, inclusive, had seen cities in the Central States grow up like the fabled gourd of the Prophet Jonah. Town- 
 sites were given to the Santa Fe Railroad Company when the railroad began to extend through the section. The 
 managers sent out agents who had had experience in Kansas and other States booming realty. These men 
 understood their business. With brass bands and barbecues the crowds of tourists who had nothing to do were 
 drawn to mustard-covered mesas and brown hillsides, where, in glib accents, the promoter told how soon a 
 flourishing city was sure to spring up as if by magic from the ground, or fall by a miracle from the skies. The 
 new arrival from the East one day bought a lot and lay in wait for the tourist of the next day to unload on 
 him at an advance. Real estate agents flocked in from San Francisco, from Chicago and from New York. They 
 painted broad banners, hired bands, bought whole pages in newspapers, and in every way fished for "suckers" 
 in all waters. All along the railroads plots for cities were laid out, until the whole countryside was covered with 
 white lot-stakes. Scrap-iron street-car lines were laid down from the railway station through the prospective 
 cities. Holes were dug on hillsides, which were supposed to be for reservoirs to furnish water. In many 
 cases, large expenses were incurred in laying down sidewalks, grading streets and building costly hotels. Prices 
 went up ! and up ! and up ! All classes lost their heads. The room which had been evident for legitimate 
 increase in values was exceeded, and no one seemed to realize that there was any limit to the prices that might 
 be paid for property. This inflation was not so marked in the best property in the business centers, where reve- 
 nues might be looked for. On the crest of Bunker Hill lots that had gone begging for buyers in 1882, at $300 
 each, were salable at $10,000. For three lots fronting on Bunker Hill avenue, Grand avenue and Second street 
 an offer of $50,000 was refused. The holder lost it a few years later, under foreclosure proceedings, on a mort- 
 gage to secure a note for $13,000. Unimproved at the present time, it would sell for perhaps $30,000. All sorts 
 and conditions of men and women came in on the cheap rates. They were "without distinction of race, color 
 or previous condition of servitude." Women and young girls with less than $100 to their names became 
 "plungers" in the realty market, and with their few dollars of spare cash tried to tie up property worth thousands, 
 expecting prices to go soaring without limit, and that their contract for a deed on which $50 cash had been paid 
 would be worth a fortune in ninety days. Be it noted, the pioneer and old-timer were not the promoters of these 
 schemes. They willingly sold their property before the great game of inflation began, and were out of the 
 market. The newcomer who had seen things done in Wichita or elsewhere was the one who made the big profits 
 in corner lots, or who took a check for $50 or $100 on a contract, the balance to be paid in sixty days, with the 
 certainty that the deposit would be forfeited and his lot returned to him at the end of the two months. But 
 inexperienced women were not the only ones that lost their heads. Men of affairs whose hair was turning gray 
 plunged deep enough to ingulf themselves and their fortunes in the end. Mortgages went on record as fast as 
 deeds, and the obligations to pay generally exceeded the "spot cash" in the transactions. The banks were the 
 first to take a conservative view of the situation. They refused to finance any more deals in outside townsites, 
 or in new subdivisions in the city. One of the daily papers put a man on for a month to make a table of all the 
 mortgages on the property in Los Angeles county. This table showed when the mortgage was recorded, the 
 
24 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 amount of the note, when due, and a legal description of the property. When the work was done, the exhibit of 
 indebtedness was so colossal that the paper did not dare to make public the knowledge in its possession. Soon 
 these obligations began to come due, and there was so active a demand for money that interest rates, which had 
 been 6 per cent., where the debt was part of the purchase price of the land, and up to 8 per cent, in other cases r 
 ran up to 13 per cent. The local banks were very loath to lend money freely, but a San Francisco savings bank- 
 came in and loaned $3,000,000 in a few months. The agent of the bank made these loans so judiciously that very 
 little of the property had to be taken for the debt, and what was taken was sold later, so that the bank lost 
 nothing. Of course, scores of people whose load of debt was out of all proportion to the value of the property, 
 could not borrow at all, and were foreclosed out of all they had. Fortunes on paper were obliterated, and men 
 who had been clerks, mechanics or day laborers before they reached Los Angeles in the "boom," then had 
 blossomed out into financiers, set up costly establishments, with three or four servants and a carriage, counted 
 their wealth at thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands, found themselves keeping house in three 
 furnished rooms at $20 a month, and their wives doing the cooking and washing, as they had done before. 
 There are men in Los Angeles today who are practically pensioners on the public, who rolled in wealth for a few 
 months during the "boom." It was no infrequent thing for a real estate agent to make a thousand dollars by- 
 writing his name twice in the same day. He took an option on a lot, put up a hundred dollars, got the purchase 
 reported on the street, and before night assigned his contract to someone else, who paid him $1000 to get the 
 "bargain." ''Millionaires of a day" these rich men of the great "boom" have been aptly called. 
 
 During this time of speculative excitement, good orange groves were either neglected or cut up into town 
 lots ; the rich alfalfa pastures were allowed to die out, the owners being too busy selling real estate to cultivate 
 their farms. The idea was that the whole country, from Tehachepi to the Mexican border, would be needed 
 for building sites, 25-feet front by 150 deep, to supply the demand. From 1000 to 2000 new people a month were 
 arriving, and it looked as if the whole human family were coming here to live "on climate and swapping corner 
 lots." 
 
 The "boom" collapsed in just about twenty-four hours, and the people woke up from a pleasant dream to a very 
 serious reality. 
 
 The "boom was burst." 
 
 RESIDENCE OF ROBERT F. JONES, SANTA MONICA. 
 
J/.V OF ACHIEJ'EMEXT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 25 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 AFTER THE CRASH. 
 
 The causes that led to the collapse of the "boom" were various. Besides the unjustifiable inflation of values, 
 the laying-out of six townsites where there was room for only one, and the laying out in the city of subdivisions 
 to furnish homes enough for half a million people, affairs all over the country were not prosperous. Business 
 men were making less money. Mr. Cleveland's first term as President was coming to a close, and his last mes- 
 sage to Congress disquieted men's minds. Again, one ot the best-paying industries in California, grape-growing, 
 was threatened with extinction. The mysterious disease, which destroyed almost every vineyard in Southern 
 California, was doing its work. In two years the industry south of Tehachepi was wiped out. The white 
 cottony cushion scale was threatening a similar fate to the orange groves. Eastern papers, which, with 
 a few exceptions, knew little or nothing of Southern California, ignorantly attacked the section. It was 
 contended that there was little here of a permanent nature; that the "boom'' had no basis what- 
 ever to rest on ; that the collapse was natural, and that conditions would slip back to those prevailing 
 as a rule during a century of little progress. There was a notable exception to this hostility of the eastern press. 
 That was the Xew York Sun. In 1883 Charles A. Dana paid Los Angeles a visit. He made a special study of 
 all conditions, social and climatic, and of the soil and its products. He saw that there was a basis for natural, 
 legitimate growth here, and, in a series of specially-prepared editorial articles in The Sun, contended that there 
 lay a great future before Southern California. There is no doubt that these articles did much to stem the rising 
 tide of prejudice against the section created by the press generally. Meantime, the local press came gallantly 
 to the defense of the country. The Santa Fe Railroad had just been completed, and was spending a good deal of 
 money in branch lines. Passenger rates from the East were reasonable. Thousands of persons had spent a 
 winter or a year in California, and had returned to their eastern homes to spread abroad the praises of a land 
 where snows were unknown ; where frosts were never heavy nor of long continuance ; where fields were clad in 
 vivid green in January ; where roses bloomed all winter long, and mocking-birds made the mornings vocal with 
 song. In 1880 all Southern California contained only about 64,000 people. In 1890 this population was over 
 200,000. Here were over 136,000 newcomers, who were writing to their friends at the East -to come here and 
 enjoy a climate which, winter and summer, ''let people alone." It was not a struggle against the cold in winter, 
 nor against the heat in summer. Then the people had been driven back from speculation in real estate to culti- 
 vate the soil. The planting of new orange groves began. There was a great demand for food for the increased 
 population ; butter, eggs, cheese, poultry and other articles of food were coming from the East. The produc- 
 tion of these, here, began in earnest. The damp lands were seeded to alfalfa, and herds of grade cows were 
 multiplied. So great was the demand for young orange trees that those that had the first ready to put in orchard 
 rows got as much as $10,000 for the nursery stock on a twenty-acre patch. 
 
 A "special providence" has seemed to take care of Los Angeles. In 1888 Chicago people came in here and 
 bought up the old street-car lines, out of which they proceeded to construct a cable-car system, which extended 
 over the greater part of the city. This cost, perhaps, $2,000,000, most of which was paid out in wages. Then 
 came the Oxnard Brothers, and put up a great sugar factory on the Chino Ranch. The people of the city and of 
 the surrounding country manifested supreme courage. They never lost faith in their city or district. In Los 
 Angeles the building of streets and sewers, including the great outfall sewer, was carried on vigorously in the 
 face of the collapse. The City Hall was completed, as also the County Courthouse. In 1890 a syndicate of San 
 Francisco capitalists came here and spent perhaps $2,000,000 in a system of electric railroads, and that kept 
 things moving all one hard winter. Laboring people had work, and that kept other business interests from suf- 
 fering loss. So, also, the year after the "boom" burst, Thomas B. Burnett came out from St. Louis. He was 
 backed by ample capital, representing, as he did, Richard C. Kerens and Geo. B. Leighton. These people 
 proceeded to construct the Terminal Railroad system, on which in the next few years more than $3.000,000 was 
 expended. The Santa Fe kept building local lines, one, to San Diego, being ninety miles long. The Southern 
 Pacific built from Saugus to Santa Barbara. 
 
 When Hannibal defeated the Roman legions at Cannre, the Senate passed a vote of thanks to Varro, the 
 Roman general, "because he had not despaired of the Republic." The Senate also set up for sale at public 
 auction the land on which the victorious Carthaginian was encamped, and it sold at its full value. The same 
 indomitable courage burned in the hearts of the people of Los Angeles when the great speculative bubble burst. 
 In 1888 the Chamber of Commerce was organized, gathering in its membership all the resolute, determined, 
 
26 
 
 J1/A' OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 COR FOURTH A> n BROABWAI 
 
 mEETS 
 
 " - I L< )o ING SOUTH OH BROADWAY 
 
 COH THinn AND DKOADWAY (?-6 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 27 
 
 progressive spirits of the city. This noble band began at once to work with wisdom and energy in all ways for 
 the prosperity of Southern California. For fifteen years this great work has been carried on without interruption. 
 Tons of printed matter, millions of carefully-written words, have been sent on their "winged way" to tell of the 
 most charming land on the footstool of the Most High, and of the most beautiful city inhabited by the human 
 family. My the far foresight and open-handed liberality of this band of earnest business men, exhibits of the 
 products of Southern California have been made at New Orleans, at Atlanta, at Chicago, at San Francisco and 
 at Buffalo. Foreign countries have been invaded, and the wines, fruits, minerals and manufactures of this 
 section have been made familiar to the world. 
 
 And the "bursting of the boom'' became but as a little eddy in the great stream, only as the intermission of 
 one heart-beat in the life of the pulsating section so full of vitality and resources for growth. In population, in 
 material wealth, in moral development and spiritual uplifting, this Land of Sunshine has gone on increasing 
 at a pace never before known. The several enumerations of the census, national or local, the assessments of 
 property for taxation, the records of building and all other indices of growth, combine to demonstrate that 
 there was scarcely a halt in the development of Los Angeles or of the beautiful towns springing up around this 
 metropolis of the Great Southwest. The speculative inflation of values was all that perished in the collapse. The 
 great solid substratum of merit remained, and the work of building up a great commonwealth was scarcely 
 checked for a day. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF T. H. DUDLEY, SANTA MONICA. 
 
28 ,1/.V OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 SOME DULL DAYS. 
 
 The opening of the last decade of the nineteenth century brought financial trouble so widespread that hardly 
 any portion of the civilized world escaped. The great Baring Brothers' ventures in Argentina began to bear their 
 bitter fruit, and the embarrassment begun on the banks of the Rio de la Plata affected London, then New York,, 
 and on to San Francisco and Los Angeles. Industries were paralyzed for lack of funds at all centers. The 
 change of national administrations in the United States after the election of 1892, and the long struggle to pass 
 a new tariff bill, accentuated the difficulties in this country. Meddling with tariff schedules or with the coinage 
 laws of a country must always result in commercial disturbance. The long-drawn-out contest, lasting eighteen 
 months, over the Wilson Tariff Bill, was disastrous to business. In 1894 came the railroad strike, precipitated 
 *by the wild and vicious leadership of Eugene V. Debs. This tied up nearly all the railroads in the country 
 for weeks. 
 
 The inevitable result was industrial stagnation. Coming as all these influences did so soon after the unbridled: 
 speculation of the real estate "boom," kept things in a. state of chronic dullness more or less acute. That the 
 condition was no worse was owing to the indomitable courage of the business men of Southern California, and 
 to the really superb resources that underlie our progress. In 1888, the year after the "boom" collapsed, the late 
 Maj. George H. Bonebrake and his business associate, Hon. John Bryson, erected the solid and handsome build- 
 ing on the corner of Spring and Second streets. As evidence that there was no unnatural inflation in the values 
 of central business property, it is enough to note that the city received $1000 per front foot for the lot on which 
 this building was erected. Today it is worth $2500 per foot, with the building removed. It was a handsome 
 five-story building as originally put up. Mr. Bryson has just completed the addition of two more stories. In 
 1887 the Witmer Brothers and their associates put up the California Bank building, on the corner of Second street 
 and Broadway. The Y. M. C. A. directors, a year or two after, in the midst of the dull days, erected the hand- 
 some building occupied by that admirable organization until a few weeks ago. In the next year or two John M. 
 Griffith, one of the early pioneers of Los Angeles, erected the Potomac building, and in 1892 Judge John D. 
 Bicknell erected the building occupied by the Los Angeles Furniture Company. Dr. Edgar followed with his 
 building, and the Byrne estate with that on the corner of Third street and Broadway; and then Harris Newmark, 
 one of the very early and progressive pioneer merchants of the city, put up the Blanchard Hall building, making 
 this block, on the west side of Broadway, between Second and Third streets, a typical Los Angeles block. It 
 illustrates the progressive spirit, the courage and enterprise of the people of this metropolis, for it was all 
 done just after the collapse of the great "boom," in the face of the world-wide stagnation prevailing between- 
 1890 and 1896. Following down Broadway, on the next block, in these dull days, Homer Laughlin put up a six- 
 story fire-proof building, which would do credit to Chicago or New York. The Bradbury estate erected, on' 
 the corner of Broadway and Third streets, another building of the same modern type and in the most substantial 
 and lasting manner. The cost of building was low in these years, and these far-seeing business men saved large 
 sums of money by building when they did. Incidentally they showed their confidence in the future of Southern 
 California, gave employment to many worthy men in need of the wages they received, and held the city from going 
 backward. Simultaneously came in the late T. D. Stimson, who erected a handsome six-story building on the 
 corner of Spring and Third streets, called the Stimson building, and as soon as that was completed, began 
 another, the Douglas building, on the opposite corner of the same streets. Others of like spirit put up similar busi- 
 ness edifices on other parts of Spring and Broadway and on the cross streets. The result was that less stress was 
 felt in Los Angeles and in the surrounding towns and country districts during these years of hard times than in 
 any other section of the country or portion of the world. 
 
 But it was not all flush times. Business and industrial affairs were good only by comparison with condi- 
 tions elsewhere. By the year 1895, in the winter lapping over into 1896, there was a good deal of distress among 
 the class of people who live from hand to mouth on their daily wages. So sore was the distress that a public 
 subscription was taken up to put the unemployed at work in the public parks. Elysian Park was greatly 
 improved by the use of this money more than $25,000 and many worthy people were thus saved from suffer- 
 ing the actual pangs of hunger. 
 
 Meantime, out in the country, orchardists were paying close attention to their trees, and the crops of citrus 
 and other fruits were increasing. Prices were not high, but there was a margin of profit. The keeping of dairy 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 29 
 
 cows was extending; farmers began to pay more attention to fowls, and less money went out of the section for 
 butter, cheese, eggs and dressed poultry. 
 
 During the whole of this period the inflow of new settlers was little checked by the dull times at the East. 
 The population increased every year, including that after the "boom" collapsed. More or less new homes were 
 called for, and the building of these gave a large number of men profitable employment. Many men of large 
 wealth came not only to this city, but to North Pasadena and to all the foothill country. Some of these erected 
 palaces for their homes. Thomas D. Stimson, already mentioned in this chapter, put up a home on Figueroa 
 street which must have cost $100,000. In 1894, in almost the worst of these dull days, Mrs. Eliza Wilson 
 erected a fine block on Broadway, which very properly bears her name. 
 
 Before the "boom" collapsed the newspapers of the city were expanded out of all proportion by real estate 
 advertisements, for which liberal prices had been paid. With the collapse, this business fell away. To cut the 
 papers to the needs of actual business and the measure of their income under the new conditions, would have 
 been to betray the "nakedness of the land" to the eyes of outsiders, who were only too ready to proclaim the 
 fact that Southern California was no longer a place to attract men with capital. To fill the place once occupied 
 "by paid business, the newspapers and The Times may claim the credit of occupying the head of the class in 
 this respect printed more and more of the best obtainable reading matter at hand. Matter descriptive of th^ 
 attractions of the climate and soil of Southern California was given preference. The Midwinter editions of this 
 journal, filled to the extent of nearly a hundred pages with the most carefully-prepared matter of this character 
 to be had, were sent out in tens of thousands. These articles on the attractions and resources of the section 
 were published "without money and without price." 
 
 Soon after the close of flush "boom" times, the late Joseph Bayer sank an oil well out near the junction of 
 Second and First streets. The Witmer Brothers had run a little cable road up Second street out there, and opened 
 the western hills to settlement. Indications of oil had been noted there for years. Bayer's well was successful in 
 a small way. Edward H. Doheny, an expert oil man from Western Pennsylvania, hearing of the discovery, put 
 down wells, out of which small results were secured. The field soon extended widely, and the production of oil 
 was rapidly increased. This had a marked effect on the prosperity of the city. But this oil industry will be 
 fully treated in pages following. 
 
 Xever did the world see so great a real estate "boom" as that of Los Angeles and Southern California in 1885 
 to 1887. Never was there such a crash in realtv as that of 1887. Never did a city and section suffer so little 
 and recover so quickly from a collapse as was seen in Southern California, and particularly in Los Angeles. When 
 the uplift in values began, property was abnormally low, the possibilities of the section considered. A large 
 part of the increase in prices was entirely justifiable. At the time of the collapse the eyes of the world were 
 turned to Los Angeles, and the many attractions of this part of the country had been made known to multitudes. 
 The people whose homes and interests were here knew what there was of substantial worth. They never lost 
 courage, but proclaimed from the housetops in the ears of the world the truth concerning their section. That is 
 why the collapse was only an eddy in the steady stream of prosperity, a mere interruption in the heart-beats of 
 progress in a section and city teeming with vital forces of industry and growth. 
 
30 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE CLOSE OF THE CENTURY. 
 / 
 
 By the beginning of 1897 the disastrous effects of the Baring Brothers' failure in London had exhausted 
 themselves. A long period of stagnation in industries in all parts of the world had depleted the stock of finished 
 goods of all classes. In the U/nited States the election of William McKinley to the Presidency, in 1896, had the 
 effect of restoring confidence among business men, and at once affairs began to improve. This improvement 
 grew with constantly-accelerating pace during the closing years of the century. All industries felt the stimulus 
 of the new condition of affairs. The agitation in relation to silver coinage subsided in the United States. Silver 
 mines that would not pay to work at the prices current for bar silver were abandoned, and miners turned their 
 attention to seeking for deposits of gold. The search was successful in abundant measure. The discovery of 
 the yellow metal in Alaska helped to swell the rising tide of the new gold supply. The great revival of manu- 
 facturing industries in all civilized countries, the highest point of activity being reached in the United States, is 
 a fact too recent and too generally well understood to be yet a matter of history. In Southern California 
 the government had begun to construct a great breakwater at San Pedro. Crops of citrus fruit were good, and 
 the inflow of people became greater than since the year of the "boom." Railroads were busy, houses began to 
 become scarce. Again activity in building houses began, and mechanics of all kinds found ready employment at 
 good wages. People at the East were making money again freely, and felt that they could afford to spend some 
 of their gains in travel. Many who for years had had their eyes turned to California as the home of their remain- 
 ing years, found it possible to dispose of their property and business interests, where there was not too much 
 sacrifice, and come out here at last. 
 
 In all times and places real estate is the last to show the effects of good times. But as money is made in 
 other ventures, there always comes a disposition to put some of the surplus into property which cannot all "take 
 wings and fly away." This took place to a remarkable degree in Southern California during the last year or two 
 of the century. It might appear that the lesson of the boom and its collapse would have deterred wise men from 
 investing in real property in Southern California. The fact is, the disasters of the collapsed "boom" were confined 
 to people who bought beyond their means, or to those who put their money out carelessly in "wild-cat" townsites. 
 Good lands in the territory south of the Tehachepi Pass never touched a point in values above their intrinsic 
 worth in the wildest moment of the "boom." Many lose money who had tried to hold ten, twenty, fifty times 
 more property than they could pay for. Others lost by thoughtlessly putting money into townsites on the tops 
 of steep mountains, in river bottoms, or in poor lands at the price of good lands. There were instances of 
 marvelous inflation of values, but this was not general. During the dull times there was selling pressure on really 
 desirable business and residence property, and much of such character fell back below its intrinsic value. With 
 the return of confidence, with the growth of population again and the constant demand for homes, and with the 
 natural demand for new business ventures which were multiplying in all directions, real estate values began to 
 grow firm and even to appreciate a little. Still there were a great many people who had been carrying an exces- 
 sive load of unproductive property for ten or twelve years, and these were willing sellers at any price which 
 would let them out of their investments without too much loss of capital. Many eastern people were coming in 
 who wanted a winter home in Southern California, where they and their families might be exempt from the rigors 
 of eastern blizzards and temperatures ranging from 20 to 50 below zero. There thus grew up an active 
 demand for small tracts of land along the foothills. Pasadena grew very rapidly. Redlands became a city of 
 considerable population. At Pasadena men of wealth, like Andrew McNally, the Chicago publisher, built for 
 themselves handsome places. At Redlands the Smiley brothers were developing Smiley Heights into a para- 
 dise such as could hardly be matched elsewhere on earth. So many were the tourists who came to spend the 
 winter that such men as I. N. Van Nuys were led to erect sumptuous hotels, like the Van Nuys in this city ; 
 and P. M. Green and others put up or added materially to similar hostelries in Pasadena and other cities. In the 
 "boom" days, Walter Raymond, the conductor of excursions to Southern California, had put up a famous hotel, 
 the Raymond, at South Pasadena. This had been destroyed by fire, and the site had stood unoccupied for 
 several years during the business stagnation. With the turn of the financial tide, Mr. Raymond reconstructed 
 the Raymond on the old site and on a scale far superior to the one destroyed by fire. 
 
 So the century passed into history with a revival of progress in the land where the great "boom" had col- 
 lapsed. In 1880 the Federal census had credited the city of Los Angeles with a population of about 11,000 souls'. 
 The county had 33,000, and what is now Orange county was then in Los Angeles county. In 1890 the city had 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 31 
 
 51,000 people, and the county (although Orange county had been erected out of a large slice of the old territory,) 
 had over 100,000. The census of 1900 gave the city 102,000 and the county 170,298. The growth from 1880 to 
 i8yo astonished all who heard of it. It was an increase of about 40,000 for the city and for the county nearly 
 70,000. For the ten years between 1890 and 1900 the city showed a growth of over 50,000 and the county 
 nearly 70,000. 
 
 THE OUTPOST, HOLLYWOOD. 
 
 This adobe, still standing on the country place of Gen. H. G. Otis, was the ranch house on the Rancho Cahuenga, 
 and was the headquarters of Gen. Andres Pico, in command of the final remnant of the Mexican forces when the 
 Americans took possession of Los Angeles and of California generally. The "treaty of peace" signed by Capt. 
 John C. Fremont and Gen. Andres Pico is a very remarkable document. 
 
32 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 USINESS 
 
 *l " ft =^ 
 
 *-Ti li^^l 
 
 Ffe T 
 
 Nl 
 
 American National Bank. 
 Frost Building. 
 
 Los Angeles Trust Building. 
 
 O. T. Johnson Building. 
 Conservative Life Building. 
 
 Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Union Trust Building. 
 Bryson Building 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. ' 33 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 THE STORY CF TODAY. 
 
 As stated at the close of the last chapter, the Federal census of 1900 showed in the city of Los Angeles a 
 population of 102,000. The third year of the new century is drawing to a close as this chapter is being prepared 
 for the press. The population inside the city is growing at not less than 1000 a month. Careful estimates indi- 
 cate a present population of between 140,000 and 150,000. Taking the Federal census of 1900 and the local school 
 census of the same year, and comparing these figures with the school census of the spring of 1903, there results 
 an apparent population of 136,000 at that time. This estimate is fully confirmed by the new connections made 
 by the city water company, and again by the permits for new buildings issued by the Superintendent of 
 Buildings for the three years since the Federal census was taken. Going back as far as 1894, the year when 
 business stagnation had settled down over the United States like a pall, there was a good deal of building activity 
 in Los Angeles. The permits for new buildings for that year amounted to $2,398,607. In 1895, when depres- 
 sion still existed everywhere else, there were new buildings put up in this progressive city which cost $4,033,496. 
 Next year, the worst of all, the new buildings cost $2,622,291. There was no improvement in this line during the 
 next two years, the new buildings costing $2,614,575 for 1897 and $2,283,005 for 1898. In 1899 business was 
 still slow, the cost of improvements in the building line being $2,245,792. The century closed with a record of 
 $2,489,000 for the year, marking a slight turn in the tide. No city of the same size in the country showed so 
 great growth in this period of stagnation as did Los Angeles. The opening year of the century marked a decided 
 improvement, $4,099,198 being expended on new buildings. In 1902 this was more than doubled, the record 
 being $9,603,132. The year 1903 shows a far greater sum spent in new buildings than the figure for 
 the whole of last year. The expenditure runs at an average of $350,000 a day for all the time. January, 1903, 
 opened with a record of 486 permits for new buildings, to cost $1,908,455. For the first six months of the year 
 the gross sum comes to $6,418,663, more than a million dollars a month. During the next three months there 
 were taken out 1888 permits for buildings to cost $3,279,136. The first half of October has a record of 439 per- 
 mits for new buildings, whose aggregate cost will be $888,995. There is no sign of any slackening in building 
 through the year 1904. Architects already report plans for 1904 for new buildings to cost over $2,000,000. How 
 pressing the need for these new structures is will appear from the well-known fact that wooden buildings of good 
 construction are costing $400 a room for flats of about four to six-room apartments. Where the style is above 
 the average of wooden buildings, the cost is $500 a room. 
 
 At the present time, residences costing $10,000 to $20,000 each are common. Some fine homes are costing 
 as high as $50,000. There are now being constructed three business blocks of twelve to fourteen stories, with 
 steel frames and pressed-brick facings, fire-proof in all respects and of the highest type of modern building. This 
 style of edifice was first begun here by Homer Laughlin, the Bradbury estate and T. D. Stimson. The Lanker- 
 shim building, the Henne building and the Frost building followed in similar substantial style. Such a structure, 
 too, was the A'an Nuys Hotel, and this was followed by the Angelus, erected by John W. Hunt. The acme was 
 reached first in the Union Trust Company's building on the comer of Spring and Fourth streets, followed 
 by Herman W. Hellman, on the opposite corner, and then by H. E. Huntington. on the corner of Main and Sixth. 
 There is nothing superior to these three structures in any city on the globe. The most modern methods known 
 to the building trades are observed in all the details of these structures. The Times Building, on the corner 
 of First and Broadway, is undergoing transformation and enlargement. 
 
 Whence comes all this impetus in the building line? First, from the general prosperity existing throughout 
 the whole country and the concentration here of so many men of great wealth. But most of all from the magnifi- 
 cent development made in and about Los Angeles by a syndicate of four great men. When the late C. 
 Huntington passed away, leaving a vast fortune of about $30,000,000 to his nephew, Henry E. Huntington, Los 
 Angeles was familiar ground to the enterprising possessor of this great sum. The Huntingtons are of the type 
 of people who do things. They are builders. One of the closest friends of the Huntingtons on the coas 
 years has been Isaias W. Hellman. These men associated with themselves Christian de Guisne and Antome 
 Borel of San Francisco. These may be called the "Big Four" of Los Angeles. Securing control of the street- 
 railway system of the city, they proceeded to spend a couple of million dollars in putting it in as good condition 
 as skill and money could do the work. They then went on to construct electric lines to all important points 
 within twenty or thirty miles of Los Angeles, making a great network of roads, radiating like spokes of a wheel, 
 
34 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 35 
 
 with the city as the hub. They have put in something like $5,000,000 a year in this new work, giving employment 
 to an army of men and putting a flood of money into circulation week by week. Great car barns and a system of 
 shops for the repair and construction of cars form another important feature of this enterprise. Shortly before 
 the close of the last century, the Hook brothers came from Denver to Los Angeles and put in a competing 
 system of electric roads of the best type, covering certain portions of the city. The activity of the Hunting- 
 ton-Hellman syndicate stirred up their competitors, and :he Hooks built lines to the beaches. During the last 
 few months the Huntingdon syndicate has acquired complete control of the Hook system. About ten years 
 before this. Gen. M. H. Sherman and E. P. Clark constructed a well-built and thoroughly-equipped electric road 
 to Pasadena, and to the beach at Santa Monica. The Huntington interests secured the Pasadena road, but the 
 Sherman-Clark interest kept control of the line to Santa Monica. This they have improved by building a cut-off 
 to shorten the distance, and at the same time reach the beach at new points. The outcome of all this is that Los 
 Angeles has a system of urban and interurban rapid-transit roads surpassed by no city in the country, and matched 
 by only two or three. The work is by no means done. Construction is going on in several directions, at a pace 
 as rapid as at any previous time. The plans of the "Big Four" are far-reaching, contemplating lines to San 
 Bernardino, Riverside and Redlands, on one side, and Santa Barbara on the other, with a possibility of going 
 as far as San Diego, south, and San Francisco, north. 
 
 Another factor in the great development of the immediate past, of the present moment, and of the immediate 
 future, is the interest Senator W. A. Clark of Montana has taken in Southern California. The success of the 
 Oxnard Sugar Factory, at Chino, suggested to Senator Clark and his brother, J. Ross Clark, that there was an 
 opening here in this industry. Six years ago or more they purchased a large tract of land between Anaheim and 
 the ocean, on which they put up a large sugar factory. This brought this enterprising man of affairs frequently 
 to Los Angeles. When T. B. Burnett came here, some dozen years ago, and, as the representative of Hon. 
 Richard C. Kerens of St. Louis, George B Leighton of Vermont and others, spent from $3,000.000 to 
 $5,000,000 on the Terminal Railroad system, the plan was to build on to Salt Lake. Then came the years of 
 general depression, and the plan lay in abeyance. It remained for Thomas E. Gibbon of this city to find the one 
 man in the United States t< i take up this great enterprise. That man must be free from all other railroad entan- 
 glements, and must be able to build the road in the face of the strong opposition existing roads were sure to raise. 
 Senator Clark was not a railroad man, and his annual income was so colossal that it would suffice to build the 
 road without selling a bond. Gibbon found the right man, and consummated the sale of the Terminal road to 
 that man. Senator Clark at once began the construction of a railroad on the most advanced modern plan, with 
 the finest roadbed, the heaviest steel rails and the best equipment known in the American railroad world. The 
 line to San Pedro was practically rebuilt, and then a new line was begun to Pomona, thence to Riverside, ulti- 
 mately to go over the mountains and on to Salt Lake. It is an open secret that those in control of existing lines, 
 which were to be practically paralleled by Senator Clark's enterprise, put every possible obstacle in the way. 
 Their efforts proved futile, and the outcome has been that Senator Clark has secured the branch of the Oregon 
 Short Line, running in a southwesterly direction through Utah into Nevada. As 1904 opens,' large forces of 
 builders are at work in Utah and on the California end of the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake road, 
 pushing on to complete the gap between this city and the Great Salt Lake. 
 
 Such is the condition of affairs in these opening days of 1904. Population in Los Angeles is increasing at 
 the rate of 1000 a month. The Huntington-Hellman syndicate is spending three or four million dollars a year 
 in building a network of interurban railroads all over Southern California. Senator Clark is rushing work on a 
 new transcontinental railroad, which will give Los Angeles five several connections with all points of the compass, 
 northerly and easterly. The government is spending half a million dollars a year in making accommodations for 
 ocean-going vessels at San Pedro, with an inner harbor at Wilmington. The people of Los Angeles generally are 
 spending over a million dollars a month in the erection of new edifices in the city. All the surrounding towns 
 are growing apace, and the country is filling up as rapidly, or nearly so, as the city is. The citrus crop now on 
 the trees, and soon to come on the market, is estimated at 35,000 carloads, over 10,000,000 boxes, worth probably 
 $10,000,000 to the growers, and nearly, if not quite, $20,000,000 to the section, including picking, packing and 
 freight charges. 
 
 Here, fortunately, Labor is free and Capital not unwarrantably restricted. There is scarce a cloud on the 
 sky of the industrial situation in Southern California. Here is going on the most remarkable development ever 
 known to mankind, and it seems destined to go on without let or hindrance for an indefinite time to come. 
 There appears no influence likely to check, for long, prosperity in this section for the next fifty years to come. 
 Judging the future by the past, the conclusion is forced on the mind of those who think, that prosperity is to be 
 the lot of all deserving people who dwell in Southern California, almost in spite of any events that may come else- 
 where, no matter how depressing their influences may be. 
 
36 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 37 
 
 There are thirteen commercial banks in Los Angeles, with a combined capital and surplus of over 
 $7,000,000, and deposits of nearly $30,000,000. There are nine savings banks, with nearly $17,000,000. The 
 clearances for the current year will come to more than $250,000,000. 
 
 There are 134 churches, embracing all the principal denominations of religion. They are presided over by 
 faithful pastors and eloquent preachers, and the membership indicates that religious enterprises share in the 
 general prosperity. 
 
 In the city are sixty-three public schools, including a State Normal institution, with an attendance of over 
 looo pupils. There are ten private schools. There are over 600 teachers and over 30,000 children who attend. 
 
 The Public Library contains a total of 80,000 volumes, and the circulation last year amounted to 806,000, 
 which is one book in every ten days for each family in the city. This indicates a very high grade of intelligence. 
 
 AMERICAN MAYORS OF LOS ANGELES CITY. 
 
 1850 A. P. Hodges 
 
 1851 B. D. Wilson 
 
 1852 John G. Nichols 
 
 1853 A. F. Coronel 
 
 1854 Stephen C. Foster 
 
 1855 Thos. Foster 
 
 1856 Stephen C. Foster 
 1857-8 John G. Nichols 
 
 1859 D. Marchessault 
 
 1860 H. Mellus 
 1861-4 D. Marchessault 
 1865 Jose Mascarel 
 1868-9 C. Aguilar 
 1869-71 Joel Turner 
 1871-2 C. Aguilar 
 
 1873-4 J. R. Toberman 
 
 1875-6 Prudent Beaudry 
 
 1877-8 F. A. McDougal 
 
 1879-82 J. R. Toberman 
 
 1883-4 Cameron E. Thorn 
 
 1885-6 E. F. Spence 
 
 1887-8 Wm. H. Workman 
 
 1889 John Bryson 
 
 1889-92 H. T. Hazard 
 
 1893-4 T. E. Rowan 
 
 1895-6 Frank Rader 
 
 1897-8 M. P. Snyder 
 1899-1900 Fred Eaton 
 
 1901-4 M. P. Snyder 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 City. 
 
 1850 
 
 i860 
 1870 
 i88o 
 1890 
 1900 
 
 1,610 
 4,399 
 
 11,183 
 
 50,395 
 102,479 
 140,000 
 
 County. 
 
 1850 3,530 
 
 1860 U.333 
 
 1870 15,309 
 
 1880 33,88i 
 
 1890 101454 
 
 1900 170,298 
 
 ^Estimated. 
 
 ASSESSMENT VALUATIONS ON CITY PROPERTY. 
 
 1860 S 1,425,648 
 
 1870 2,108,061 
 
 1880 ". ... 7, 2 59,59 8 
 
 1883 12,232,353 
 
 1884 14,232,353 
 
 1885 16,273,535 
 
 1886 i8,448,535 
 
 1887 27,803,924 
 
 1888 $ 39,476,712 
 
 1889 46,997,101 
 
 1890 49,320,670 
 
 1896 52,242,302 
 
 1898 60,930,266 
 
 1899 64,915,320 
 
 1900 67,576,047 
 
 1903 109,923,823 
 
 ASSESSMENT VALUATIONS ON COUNTY PROPERTY. 
 
 1870 $ 6,918,074 
 
 1883 26,138,117 
 
 1888 $102,701,629 
 
 1903 164,620,322 
 
38 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 ^ *.< RvvA'y 
 
 ./GRIFFIM RVD ^CMOOLX' 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 39 
 
 OUTSIDE TOWNS. 
 
 Of the outside towns in Los Angeles county, the oldest is San Gabriel, founded by the mission fathers in 1771, 
 at the old mission, and the present village a few years later. 
 
 San Pedro became the embarcadero, or port, to Los Angeles and the back country as soon as the Mission 
 San Gabriel and Pueblo 
 Los Angeles were founded. 
 El Monte was one of the 
 first villages founded by 
 Americans. In 1852 J. A. 
 King, William B. Lee, 
 Samuel King and Dr. T. 
 A. Mayes settled there. A 
 year later T. A. Garey, 
 still living and for fifty 
 years known as one of 
 the most skillful horticul- 
 turists in Southern Cali- 
 fornia, settled at El Monte. 
 Among other early set- 
 tlers were Ira W. Thomp- 
 son, Samuel M. Heath, Dr. 
 Obed Macy and F. W. Gib- 
 son. In 1857 there were 
 fifty families there. 
 
 The first "colony" found- 
 ed in Southern California 
 
 was at Anaheim, where a large number of German people settled in 1857. Gen. Banning settled at Wilming- 
 ton in 1858. 
 
 Antonio Maria Lugo settled near Downey in 1855. About 1860 ex-Gov. John G. Downey obtained possession 
 
 of a part of the Rancho 
 Santa Gertrudes, and after 
 the war a number of South- 
 ern people settled, first at 
 Gallatin, near where Rivera 
 is now, but Downey City 
 soon took the lead. 
 
 In 1860 Senator John P. 
 Jones and Col. R. S. Baker 
 secured possession of the 
 lands above Santa Monica, 
 and a city began to loom up 
 there soon after. 
 
 In 1873 the "Indiana col- 
 ony" bought the San Pas- 
 qual Rancho from Dr. John 
 S. Griffin. This was the 
 beginning of Pasadena. 
 In 1874 Rev. Chas. F. 
 
 XARK'S RESIDENCE, SANTA MONICA. 
 
 MRS. G. S. HOLMES' RESIDENCE, OCEAN VIEW AVENUE, SANTA MONICA. 
 
 Loop settled at Pomona, 
 and largely through his en- 
 terprise the foundations of that city were laid. He was one of the earliest in the State to promote olive grow- 
 ing, both for making oil and pickling, making a special visit to France and Italy, whence he imported several 
 new varieties of olive trees. 
 
 Monrovia and Whittier and many smaller places are the outgrowth of the great "boom." 
 
MfflEHT. 
 
 HENRY EDWARDS HUNTINGTON. 
 
 lEACE hath her victories no less renowned than war" 
 is an axiom than is usually assented to by most 
 people in a perfunctory way. Yet it must he 
 admitted that up to the close of the nineteenth century the 
 man of peace played but an insignificant role in the drama 
 of life, in comparison with the martial hero. During the past 
 few years there has 
 been noticeable 
 somet h i n g of a 
 change in this re- 
 spect in the Anglo- 
 Saxon world. Our 
 great captains of ; n- 
 dustry are coming 
 into their own. This 
 is right, for surely 
 if the man who 
 causes two blades of 
 grass to grow 
 where one grew be- 
 fore is deserving of 
 credit, how much 
 more so, then, the 
 man who furnishes 
 profitable occupa- 
 tions for thousands, 
 and creates happy 
 homes in the wil- 
 derness. This page 
 is devoted to a brief 
 mention of some of 
 the leading achieve- 
 ments of one of 
 these captains of in- 
 dustry, H. E. Hun- 
 tington, during his 
 brief residence of 
 five years in South- 
 ern California. 
 
 Henry Edw a r d s 
 Huntington is a na- 
 tive of Oneonta, N. 
 Y.. where he was 
 born in the early 
 '50' s. After acquir- 
 ing an education in 
 the best schools of 
 the day, he early 
 commenced his bus- 
 iness career. For a number of years he was identified with 
 various important enterprises in the East and South, before 
 finally coming to California, where he at once became con- 
 nected with his extensive interests in the management of :he 
 Southern Pacific Railroad. 
 
 By common consent, the birth of Los Angeles, as a modern 
 
 HENRY EDWARDS 
 
 American metropolis, dates from the gth day of November, 
 1885, when the last spike was driven on the Atlantic and 
 Pacific Railway, at the Cajon Pass, thus completing what this 
 city had long yearned for, a new route from the Atlantic to 
 the Pacific, providing competition in overland railroad trans- 
 portation. It is not unreasonable to claim that the second 
 
 stage in this era 
 may be prope r 1 y 
 reckoned to have 
 commenced thirteen 
 years later, when, in 
 October, 1898, Mr. 
 Huntington, having 
 sold out his inter- 
 ests in the street- 
 railway system of 
 San Francisco, pur- 
 chased, with his as- 
 sociates, the Los 
 Angeles street rail- 
 roads, or the major 
 portion of the m. 
 After the subsidence 
 of the great real es- 
 tate boom of 1886- 
 87, which followed 
 the arrival of the 
 Santa Fe system in 
 Southern California, 
 there was something 
 of a lull in Los An- 
 geles. There was 
 no crash, but a 
 breathing spell, dur- 
 irg which our peo- 
 ple had a chance to 
 take stock and see 
 where they stood. 
 Then followed an 
 era of building and 
 steady but unsensa- 
 tional development. 
 It took about a year 
 after Mr. Hunting- 
 ton's identification 
 with the interests of 
 HUNTINGTON. this section for our 
 
 people to realize 
 
 what it meant to Los Angeles and Southern California. Then 
 began an upward movement that has astonished the country. 
 Without going into details, it is sufficient to state that the 
 assessed valuation of property in Los Angeles county, which 
 in 1808 was $90,819.643, had risen in 1903 to $169,268,166, ind 
 that the value of buildings erected in Los Angeles city during 
 
MRN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 41 
 
 the past year amounted to about $13,000,000. 6ome chronic 
 complainers may perhaps charge that a large percentage of 
 this increased assessment is directly due to Mr. Huntington's 
 activity. Perhaps they are right. 
 
 Twenty years ago there were in Los Angeles a couple of 
 horse-car lines, the little cars making infrequent trips 
 Three years later, at the time of the real estate boom, two 
 short lines of cable road were operating on the western hills, 
 one on Temple street and the other on Second street, and a 
 rickety sort of an electric line said to have been the second 
 in the United States was being built out Pico street by a 
 real estate speculator, who had subdivided a tract at the end 
 of the line. A few years later a cable system called com- 
 plete for that time was built, at large expense, involving 
 heavy financial loss to Chicago capitalists, upon whom the 
 bonds were unloaded, and who have doubtless not yet for- 
 gotten it. This system was solidly constructed, as was 
 realized when it became necessary to tear up the roadbed of 
 the cable. The motive power was subsequently changed to 
 electricity, and then, as stated, passed into the hands of the 
 Huntington syndicate, in October, 1898. Los Angeles people 
 considered this a very good railroad system at the time, and 
 were rather proud of it. but Mr. Huntington immediately 
 began to make radical changes and improvements, expense 
 being apparently no object, until today Los Angeles has 
 undoubtedly the most complete street-railroad system (abso- 
 lutely} of any city in the United States. 
 
 Not only is the system thoroughly well built, with heavy 
 rails and jointless. so as to make travel easy, but the equip- 
 ment is also modern and up-to-date, the large, clean, hand- 
 some cars exciting the admiration of visitors from the North 
 and East, who also frequently express pleasure at the uniform 
 courtesy and gentlemanly bearing of the street-car men, a 
 feature that is unfortunately too often lacking in other cities. 
 The cars run at frequent intervals, from early in the morn- 
 ing until late at night. One may ride from the southwest 
 corner of the city to the city limits, between Los Angeles 
 and Pasadena, a distance of eight miles, for a nickel, and 
 in several other directions, by means of transfers, for almost 
 an equal distance. The Los Angeles Railway Companv 
 operates 298 cars and employs 1300 men. It has 115 miles of 
 double track within the city. 
 
 The Pacific Electric Railroad was the name adopted for 
 the corporation managing the suburban electric lines of the 
 Huntington system, Mr. Huntington having acquired the line 
 to Pasadena, and outlining a plan for an extensive system 
 of suburban railroads, reaching out from Los Angeles in 
 every direction. Since then, in addition to the Pasadena line 
 and the new short line to that place, there have been com- 
 pleted electric railroads to Monrovia, Alhambra, San Gabriel, 
 Whittier, Long Beach and Alamitos Beach. An extension 
 is being constructed from Alamitos Beach to Newport 
 Beach, which will run for the entire distance along the ocean 
 front, passing the Bolsa Chica and other gun clubs. This is 
 but the beginning. Further and larger extensions are 
 planned. It has been conclusively shown that where elec- 
 tricity comes in competition with steam for passenger traffic, 
 steam has to give way. 
 
 The building of such an extensive system of street railway 
 naturally entailed the creation of car shops, houses and other 
 appurtenances. A centrally located tract of twenty-eight 
 acres was purchased at Seventh street and Central avenue, 
 which is all occupied by the shops and yards. 
 
 The total number of men employed by the Los Angeles 
 Railway and Pacific Electric companies, including those 
 working in the shops, power-house, etc., but not including 
 those engaged in new construction work, is about 4000. 
 
 A noteworthy achievement of Mr. Huntington in Los Ange- 
 les has been the construction of a mammoth building, at the 
 corner of Main and Sixth streets, designed primarily as the 
 central station for all the company's urban cars and as an 
 office for his various companies, the rest of the space to be 
 devoted to office purposes. The building, which is rapidly 
 approaching completion, is nine stories in heignt, each having 
 a little over an acre of floor space, making altogether eleven 
 acres, giving it the largest amount of floor space of any 
 building west of Chicago. It is absolutely fireproof. 
 
 Mr. Huntirrgton is something more than a mere "common 
 carrier." He is net only a railroad builder, but a town 
 builder. He likes to see improvements spring up, under the 
 magic touch of the wands of science and capital. 
 
 There have been incorporated, in connection with the Los 
 Angeles Railway Company, three affiliated land companies, 
 the Los Angeles Land Company, with the same personnel as 
 the railroad company; the Pacific Electric Land Company, 
 and the Huntington Land and Improvement Company, the 
 latter representing Mr. Huntington's personal land holdings. 
 Since his arrival in Southern California, Mr. Huntington has 
 been a steady and persistent purchaser of desirable real estate, 
 both city and country. So judicious have been his invest- 
 ments and so invariable the subsequent rise in values, that 
 the mere intimation that "Huntington has been buying" in any 
 particular section is sufficient to start a small-sized boom 
 and cause investors to scurry around in his wake. 
 
 One of the first sections to catch the discerning eye of 
 Mr. Huntington, soon after his arrival in Southern Cali- 
 fornia, was the San Gabriel Valley. Here and hereabouts, 
 during the past year or two, Mr. Huntington has quietly 
 acquired property in various sized tracts, until he now has 
 hundreds of acres, extending from Pasadena on the north 
 to the Southern Pacific Railroad line, at Shorb, on the south. 
 
 Here, along the slope that overlooks the lower valley, were 
 the homes of many old-timers, who selected this spot when 
 they could have had the pick of almost everything, from 
 Santa Barbara to San Diego the Wilsons, the Shorbs, and 
 the Stonemans, and the Roses, and the Winstons arid others, 
 who comprised the "first families" of Los Angeles county 
 in those days. The view from the summit of this ridge is 
 far-reaching and magnificent. 
 
 "The mountains look on Marathon, 
 And Marathon looks on the sea." 
 
 In the rear, the picture is framed by the pine-clad Sierra 
 Madre. Around about is a perfect forest of magnificent live 
 oaks, forming a natural park, with here and there an opening, 
 disclosing groves, vineyards and ornamental trees. Away off 
 to the south and southeast stretch a succession of rolling 
 hills and smiling valleys, arid in the extreme distance looms 
 up from the bosom of the Pacific the Magic Isle. Here Mr. 
 Huntington is laying out high-class residence subdivisions, 
 intended for people who have not only wealth, but taste. It 
 is only thirty minutes' ride by electric car from the business 
 center to this delightful spot. No street will be less than 
 eighty feet in width, and the main avenue is 120 feet wide. 
 The street improvements are of the highest class. 
 
 Mr. Huntington comes legitimately by his ability as a rail- 
 road man. His uncle and early patron, Collis P. Huntington, 
 was one of the great railroad builders of the United States, 
 filling a similar position in the West, as a builder and operator 
 of steam railroads, to that which his nephew holds in South- 
 ern California, as an electric railroad man. Both have been 
 men cognizant of every detail of their business, masterful, 
 dominating those with whom they have come in contact, and 
 injecting enthusiasm and loyalty into all their assistants. 
 
42 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 HENRY T. OXNARD. 
 
 IN THE days of '49, California drew upon the sturdiest and 
 most energetic men in this and other countries. The 
 conditions which prevailed at that time have continued 
 since in no less a degree, with the result that the brain and 
 brawn of the world have centered in this, the " Golden State." 
 In all walks of life, California men excel. Its wonderful 
 wealth cf natural resources has made it possible for enter- 
 prises to prosper here that would never have succeeded in 
 less-favored climes. Principal among the growing industries, 
 and one that has already assumed gigantic size, employing 
 thousands of men and supporting a prosperous farming 
 population on thousands of acres of land, is the beet-sugar 
 industry. The development of the great industry in the 
 southern portion of the State 
 is due to Henry T. Oxnard, 
 who must be classed with the 
 Spreckles and the Havermeyers 
 in the sugar industry of the 
 United States. 
 
 Henry T. Oxnard is first, last 
 and all the time a typical 
 American. His ancestors on 
 his father's side have been 
 prominent in New England 
 since the early part of the 
 eighteenth century. For many 
 years his father was identified 
 with the cane-su?ar business of 
 Louisiana, where he had ex- 
 tensive interests. Being op- 
 posed to slavery, he finally 
 disposed of his extensive plan- 
 tations and refineries in 1860, 
 nearly two years before the dis- 
 astrous Civil War, which 
 ruined so many Southern 
 planters. With his family he 
 traveled extensively throughout 
 the continent. It was while the 
 family were stopping in Mar- 
 seilles, France, that Henry T. 
 made his debut upon the stage 
 of life. Shortly after the birth 
 of his son. who was later to 
 become so important a factor 
 in the industrial world, Mr. 
 Oxnard returned to his old 
 home in Boston, and here the 
 boy grew to man's estate. 
 
 With every educational advantage at his command, young 
 Oxnard proved an enthusiastic and diligent scholar. He 
 successfully passed from one school to another, until he 
 entered Harvard with the class of '82. 
 
 During the four years' course, Mr. Oxnard devoted much 
 of his time to the study of chemistry, thereby well fitting him- 
 self for the duties which have since been imposed upon him 
 in his connection with the beet-sugar industry. After leaving 
 college Mr. Oxnard spent a number of years in studying the 
 process of sugar-making in Germany and other European 
 countries. Having resolved to master the whole art of sugar- 
 making, he became familiar by practical experience and obser- 
 vation with every detail of the business. After having 
 become familiar with conditions in the cane fields of the 
 
 South and the beet fields of Germany, Mr. Oxnard felt that 
 the time had come when he could successfully demonstrate 
 the correctness of his theories that sugar beets would be a 
 profitable crop in the Middle States. Accordingly, experi- 
 ments with imperfect machinery having proved that the 
 scheme was practicable, he commenced the construction of a 
 factory at Grand Island, Neb. This plant was erected in 1889 
 and was one of the first beet-sugar factories erected in the 
 United States. So successful was the experiment that the 
 following year he erected another factory at Norfolk, in the 
 same State. The first year it paid a dividend, and the suc- 
 cess of the ventures now being proved, Mr. Oxnard looked 
 about for new fields to invest in. 
 
 Claus Spreckles had been 
 operating a factory at Watson- 
 ville for two years, when Mr. 
 Oxnard's attention was directed 
 to the possibilities afforded by 
 the fertile soil and equable cli- 
 mate of California, and in 1891 
 he purchased the famous Rich- 
 ard Gird Ranch at Chino, and 
 here erected the first beet-sugar 
 factory in the southern portion 
 of the State. 
 
 Since that date Mr. Oxnard 
 has been making a series of ex- 
 tensive investments in Califor- 
 nia that have all tended to the 
 prosperity and development of 
 this section. The influence of 
 his presence in the sugar mar- 
 ket was felt very shortly after 
 his advent in the field as a 
 producer. Prices made a very 
 considerable drop and have 
 since been maintained at a fig- 
 ure that is due entirely to Mr. 
 Oxnard's presence in the mar- 
 ket. 
 
 It was in 1897 that the im- 
 mensely-rich lands of Ventura 
 county first attracted his atten- 
 tion, and after investigating 
 conditions thoroughly and be- 
 coming convinced that here was 
 an ideal location for a factory 
 and the raising of sugar beets 
 he commenced the erection of 
 the most complete beet-sugar factory in the world. It cost 
 nearly two million dollars. It devours two thousand tons of beets 
 per day. That means nine thousand dollars a day for the farm- 
 ers. Before Mr. Oxnard began its construction he had con- 
 tracted with farmers to keep 18,000 acres planted in beets for a 
 series of years. The beet fields that supply it with raw material 
 stretch for miles in every direction, and it is estimated that 
 there are nearly 100,000 acres in the vicinity adapted to the 
 cultivation of the sugar beet. Some idea of the extent of the 
 industry and the benefits accruing to Southern California may 
 be determined from the knowledge that it costs $160.000 a 
 year for petroleum to keep the machinery running, while 
 $300.000 is spent for labor alone, and another tenth of a 
 million for lime rock, which comes from the desert. 
 
 HENRY t. OXNARLl. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 43 
 
 As president of the American Beet Sugar Company, Mr. 
 Oxnard's time is much in demand. The company has estab- 
 lished a factory in the famous Arkansas Valley in Colorado 
 within the past three years, and all are being operated most 
 successfully. In addition to being one of the most successful 
 organizers and financiers in California, and a man whose in- 
 fluence has done much for the advancement of the State, 
 Mr. Oxnard owns one of the finest ranches in Ventura county. 
 It consists of 5700 acres, and is beautifully situated within two 
 miles of the city of Oxnard, named after its distinguished 
 founder. The ranch borders for several miles along the 
 Pacific as far south as the Hueneme Lighthouse and adjoins 
 the ranch of Senator Bard on the south, while to the north 
 and east are other smaller properties. 
 
 merits. Seventy-five ranch hands find constant employment 
 on the property, while during the season many hundreds are 
 necessary to care properly for the crops. 
 
 Within the grounds at the factory Mr. Oxnard has erected 
 a beautiful home, typical of California. Spacious and care- 
 fully-kept grounds add to the attractiveness of the place, a 
 half-tone of which appears in connection with this article. 
 Here Mr. Oxnard has made his home for the past six years, 
 and here he entertains his friends in a manner typical of the 
 open-hearted generosity of the West. 
 
 With interests so extensive, he has to make frequent trips 
 to Chicago, New York and San Francisco, where he has an 
 intimate acquaintance with many of the men of the hour. 
 In club life Mr. Oxnard is well known in the exclusive 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HENRY T. OXNARD, AT OXNARD. CALIFORNIA. 
 
 The Patterson ranch for the name still clings to it is one 
 of the most productive in that section, and is operated in as 
 systematic a manner as would characterize the conduct of 
 any great business enterprise. Two thousand acres are 
 annually planted to sugar beets, one thousand acres to lima 
 beans, which grow most luxuriantly in Ventura county ; over 
 a thousand acres are put into grain, and the balance is sum- 
 mer fallowed. In the conduct of the ranch Mr. Oxnard uses 
 the most improved and scientific methods. His chief agri- 
 culturists are men of experience in both the United States 
 and France and Germany, and no improvements calculated to 
 benefit the ranch are overlooked without a trial as to their 
 
 Metropolitan Club of Washington, D. C. ; also in the Univer- 
 sity Club and the Union of New York City, where he main- 
 tains offices at No. 32 Nassau street, in the heart of the 
 financial district. Nearer home, he holds membership in both 
 ihe San Francisco and the Pacific Union clubs of the northern 
 metropolis, while his name appears among the members of the 
 well-known California Club of Los Angeles. When social 
 duties press on his work, or there is an important problem 
 to solve, pleasure is sacrificed for months at a time. Hard 
 work has been the keynote of Mr. Oxnard's success, just as 
 it has that of almost every other man of importance in the 
 world of finance, commerce and industry today. 
 
44 
 
 MEN OF ACHIE7EMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTH IV EST. 
 
 JONATHAN SAYRE SLAUSON. 
 
 IT WAS well when Destiny ordained that an empire be 
 builded in the western wilderness that there were men 
 of J. S. Slauson's stamp to lay the foundation. Born >.n 
 Orange county, New York, seventy-four years ago, he was 
 raised in the farming regions of one of the most productive 
 valleys of the Empire State. He received a limited education 
 in the district schools 
 of his native county, 
 later commencing a 
 course at a local acad- 
 emy until he had at- 
 tained his sixteenth year, 
 at which time his edu- 
 cation was supposed to 
 be " finished." Young 
 Slauson had higher as- 
 pirations, however, than 
 those afforded by life 
 on the old homestead, 
 and after working upon 
 the farm until he had 
 left his teens he com- 
 menced the study of law 
 in the office of a local 
 lawyer, later supplement- 
 ing this with a course 
 at the New York State 
 Law School. Graduat- 
 ing in the fall of 1854, 
 the following year saw 
 him established in the 
 practice of his profession 
 in New York City. He 
 was accorded flattering 
 recognition, and during 
 the nine years of his res- 
 idence in the metropolis 
 of the United States he 
 established a lucrative 
 and successful clientage 
 which from failing health 
 he was compelled to 
 abandon. 
 
 The year 1864 marked 
 a great influx of migra- 
 tion to the mines of Ne- 
 vada. Among the throng 
 was the young lawyer 
 from New York. Aus- . 
 tin, in the central part 
 of Nevada, was then 
 one of the most stirring 
 and active of the many 
 centers of the State, and 
 to this place he directed 
 his way. Immediately 
 
 upon his arrival he engaged in mining, and continued 
 to devote his entire time to this pursuit, until the last year 
 of his residence in the State, during which he resumed his 
 practice of the law in partnership with Hon. C. E. DeLong, 
 who in the latter part of 1868 was appointed United States 
 Minister to Japan by President Grant. During his residence 
 
 JONATHAN SAYRE SLAUSON. 
 
 in Austin he was thrice honored by the Mayoralty of the 
 town, and left a record that was gratifying to his constit- 
 uency. Having acquired a comfortable fortune, he removed 
 with his family to San Francisco in 1868, from which point 
 for the ensuing four years he directed his interests. 
 
 In 1874 Mr. Slauson moved to this city, where he has since 
 
 resided. He founded the 
 old Los Angeles County 
 Bank shortly after his 
 advent into the commun- 
 ity, and devoted ten 
 years to building up the 
 institution, with the re- 
 sult that when he sold 
 out in 1885 to John E. 
 Plater, it was recognized 
 as one of the strongest 
 banking houses in the 
 State. He may be called 
 the father of citrus fruit 
 culture in the foothill 
 region, and through that 
 agency a prime factor in 
 the development of the 
 wealth of resources of 
 which the southern por- 
 tion of the State boasts. 
 Before having disposed 
 of his bank, in 1885, he 
 had acquired the Azusa 
 ranch, comprising some 
 5800 acres of choice foot- 
 hill land lying about 
 twenty-three miles east 
 of this city. At about 
 the same time he pur- 
 chased the San Jose Ad- 
 dition ranch, adjoining 
 the other property, mak- 
 ing a total of 13,600 acres 
 of land, the market value 
 of which was little ap- 
 preciated at that time. 
 
 In 1886, having dis- 
 posed of a one-half inter- 
 est in the Azusa ranch to 
 J. D. Bicknell, I. W. 
 Hellman and others, re- 
 taining about 800 acres 
 for his own private use, 
 he incorporated the bal- 
 ance under the name of 
 the Azusa Land and Wa- 
 ter Company. With char- 
 acteristic energy, Mr. 
 Slauson threw him- 
 self into the task of subdividing and settling up the famous 
 old ranch. The town of Azusa was laid out, and the follow- 
 ing year the completion of the Santa Fe Railroad gave an 
 additional impetus to the work which was being prosecuted 
 under his direction. The San Jose Addition ranch was dis- 
 posed of the same year. Mr. Slauson having relieved himself 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 45 
 
 of the greater part of the work connected with the disposal 
 of the larger properties, set about to improve the 800 acres 
 which he had retained. Orange and lemon trees of the 
 choicest budded varieties were set out from time to time. 
 Some idea of the amount produced from this magnificent 
 estate may be gained from the knowledge that freight pay- 
 ments on the citrus crop for the past season exceeded the sum 
 of $80,000. To expedite matters in the management of this 
 princely estate, a consolidation of his interest with that of his 
 children was effected, and the company incorporated under 
 the name of the Azusa Foothill Citrus Company. This is 
 without exception one of the largest and finest citrus estates 
 in California, a State which has a world-wide reputation for 
 the extent of the industry and the quality of the fruit. 
 
 Mr. Slauson's interests are by no means confined to the 
 
 the matron, Mrs. Watson and Mr. Slauson. He helped to estab- 
 lish the Y. M. C. A., and has been a liberal contributor to that 
 worthy institution. The Orphan Asylum owes its origin to 
 Mr. Slauson, who, together with his son-in-law, Mr. MacNeil, 
 gave $1000 apiece and were instrumental in obtaining the first 
 $19,000 toward that end. The Salvation Army Rescue Home 
 was purchased and turned over to them free of debt, all 
 but $1000 having been given by Mr. Slauson, who was gener- 
 ously aided by Gen. Harrison Gray Otis. To commemorate 
 the memory of those brave soldiers who died for their country 
 in the Spanish-American War, he raised a fund for the erec- 
 tion of the monument that honors their memories in the 
 Sixth-street Park. Besides those with which his name has 
 been mentioned, he has furnished the funds for scores of 
 worthy enterprises. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF JONATHAN SAYRE SLAUSON. 
 
 ranch just described; he is the owner of valuable city property 
 and 320 acres almost adjoining the city. Together with his 
 children he owns a 2;o-acre orange grove at Ontario, situated 
 in the same foothill belt with his Azusa property. 
 
 During his residence in this portion of the State Mr. Slauson 
 has seen a wonderful growth in religious organizations as well 
 as in other lines of advancement. When he came to this city 
 there were but five weak Protestant churches between San 
 Jose and the Mexican line. Up to the year 1887 there were but 
 five churches in this county that he had not assisted in starting, 
 and during the previous twelve years he had contributed 
 $45,000 of his own private fortune to assist churches and 
 kindred institutions to become established in Southern Cali- 
 fornia. A few of the institutions that owe their origin and 
 success to him are the Boys' Home at Garvanza, established by 
 
 As president of the Chamber of Commerce he has taken an 
 active interest in the affairs of that organization since it was 
 organized, and during the ceremonies incidental to the laying 
 of the corner-stone of the new building last March, he made 
 the speech in honor of the event. In his seventy-fourth year 
 he is as benign and beneficent as thirty years ago, and is one 
 of the most popular and effective toastmasters and responders 
 at banquets in the city. As president of the Sunset Club, a 
 social organization, he has done much to advance its interests 
 and popularity among the exclusive set who are its members. 
 During the Midwinter Fair in 1893 he acted as one of the five 
 State Commissioners, and despite the prevailing financial 
 depression of the time, the fair was a financial success. 
 Los Angeles has no citizen whose public spirit has done more 
 than he. 
 
46 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 DANIEL FREEMAN. 
 
 SINCE the days of '49, tales of which are familiar to every 
 school boy in the United States, California has been 
 looked upon as an enchanted land. The very word " Cal- 
 ifornia " is enticingly attractive, and literature descriptive of 
 California and her charms is as much in demand today as it was 
 half a century ago. Among the most attractive features of Cali- 
 fornia, and especially the southern portion of the State, are the 
 immense ranchos which compare favorably with princes' 
 domains, when their productiveness is considered. There 
 is a natural romance attached to them that time but serves 
 to increase. It may truthfully be stated, also, that much of 
 the interest is manifested 
 in the owners, many of 
 whom are thrifty Yan- 
 kees transplanted from 
 cold, bleak States to the 
 semi-tropical fairness of 
 this portion of the "Gold- 
 en State." The pur- 
 pose of this book is 
 to acquaint the readers 
 with life as it was and 
 is in this sunny land, 
 and incidentally give 
 credit where credit is 
 due to the men of fore- 
 sight and energy who 
 have been instrumental 
 in developing this por- 
 tion of the State. Among 
 the princely domains 
 that are tributary to Los 
 Angeles, few have a 
 more romantic history 
 than the famous old 
 Sausal Reclondo and 
 C e n t i n e 1 a ranchos, 
 owned for the past thirty 
 years by Daniel Free- 
 man, than whom there 
 are few more enterpris- 
 ing and progressive 
 land owners in the 
 State. 
 
 A brief resume of the 
 history of the famous 
 old property from the 
 time it was owned by 
 Senor Avila in the early 
 *5o's to the present time, 
 will prove most interest- 
 ing. Fifty years ago, when 2S,ooo-acre grants from the Mex- 
 ican government were not uncommon occurrences, Southern 
 California was pretty well divided up among a few of the 
 aristocratic old Senores, who led a life of indolent ease and 
 depended for an income upon their flocks and herds. Along in 
 1860 an adventurous young Scotchman, Sir Robert Burnett, 
 acquired the famous old Sausal Redondo 22,ooo-acre and the 
 44OO-acre Centinela ranchos from Senor Avila, and proceeded 
 to follow the usual customs of the country, and raise sheep. 
 Sheep were sheep in those days, when, during the war, the 
 
 DANIEL FREEMAN 
 
 unwashed wool brought $i a pound, and was sent to Boston 
 by way of the " Horn." Sir Robert had been conducting the 
 rancho for over ten years when Daniel Freeman, a barrister 
 from the Province of Ontario, came down to the southern 
 portion of the State, searching for a suitable property and 
 thereby hangs a tale. 
 
 Daniel Freeman, owner of the famous Centinela and 
 Sausal Redondo ranchos, owes, his nativity to Ontario, Can- 
 ada, where he was born in June, 1837. His grand parents 
 were natives of New Jersey, where the family had been 
 prominent since 1660. His grandfather, Samuel Freeman, 
 
 was a Methodist minis- 
 ter, and had been sent to 
 Canada as a missionary. 
 Canada was in those 
 days on the frontier, 
 and the pioneers who 
 hewed their way through 
 the forests of the lake 
 region were m en of 
 strong sinews and sturdy 
 attributes of character. 
 To Rev. Daniel Freeman 
 belongs the distinction 
 of having preached the 
 first Protestant sermon 
 in the city of Detroit, 
 while in many other re- 
 spects he was the ad- 
 vance guard of the civ- 
 ilization which has de- 
 veloped one of the rich- 
 est portions of the coun- 
 try. Daniel Freeman's 
 father was born on a 
 farm in Ontario, and 
 followed that vocation 
 through life. His son, 
 Daniel, being of a stu- 
 dious and ambitious turn 
 of mind, early deter- 
 mined to attain an edu- 
 cation, and succeeded 
 against odds that would 
 have quenched the ardor 
 of a less-deter mined 
 youth than he. After 
 having taught school for 
 a number of years, and 
 having thereby accumu- 
 lated sufficient to permit 
 him to take a course at law, he graduated from a private 
 academy and later from Osgood Hall, the law school of 
 Toronto. Having been admitted to the bar in 1865, he imme- 
 diately returned to his native town, Simcoe, Ontario, and 
 commenced the practice of his profession. 
 
 He was accorded immediate and gratifying success, extend- 
 ing over a period of a number of years, when, owing to the 
 failing health of his wife, he found it necessary to seek a less 
 rigorous climate. California then, as now, had a reputation 
 world-wide for its climatic conditions, and accordingly the 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 47 
 
 year 1873 found him a resident of this State. Having decided 
 to purchase a landed property, Mr. Freeman went about it 
 in the same careful, deliberate manner in which he would 
 have investigated a point at law. He spent nine months in 
 traveling over the entire State, visiting San Luis Obispo, 
 Santa Barbara, Los Angeles and San Diego counties, and look- 
 ing at over one hundred ranches that were offered for sale. 
 It is a compliment to this section that after so thorough an 
 investigation of the merits of those offered he decided upon 
 the property owned by Sir Robert Burnett. 
 
 The magnificent property at that time embraced over 26,000 
 acres and extended along the shores of the Pacific for a dis- 
 tance of seven miles, while the extreme eastern limits of the 
 ranch ran back as far as the present site of Hyde Park. 
 
 Sir Robert had immense flocks of sheep pasturing upon the 
 rich grasses of the ranch, and of these Mr. Freeman pur- 
 chased 10,000 head. For the ensuing three years he devoted 
 
 22.000 of the 26,000 acres in the ranches into wheat and barley. 
 That year over 280,000 sacks were raised on the ranches ; much 
 of the barley was shipped to Arizona, where he had a con- 
 tract with the government to supply all the grain and hay 
 used by the troops engaged there in fighting- the Indians and 
 protecting settlers, the larger part of the wheat going direct to 
 Liverpool, being shipped from the near-by port of San 
 Pedro. So much for the shipping facilities enjoyed by the 
 grain ranchers along the coast, as compared to the high 
 freight charges demanded from inland ranchers. 
 
 The year 1885 marked the first influx of eastern settlers 
 in Southern California in any considerable numbers, and in 
 that year Mr. Freeman disposed of the south half of his 
 property to different parties, who divided it up into small 
 plots. The present site of Jnglewood was a portion of 
 this famous old rancho, and this, too, was sold in 1889. The 
 Redondo branch of the Santa Fe road and the electric lines 
 
 DANIEL FREEMAN'S HOME ON THE CENTINELA RANCHO. 
 
 his entire time to the sheep, with the result that when the 
 disastrous dry year of '76 came the flocks had increased to 
 26,000 head. Of this number, 10,000 head were lost in the one 
 season ; the balance Mr. Freeman disposed of to " Lucky " 
 Baldwin, owner of the Santa Anita Rancho. But in dispos- 
 ing of the sheep Mr. Freeman was but putting the fertile 
 acres to a better use, in the growing of grain, which up to 
 that time was a neglected industry. An experiment he made 
 on 640 acres of the land during the fall of '75 and spring of 
 '76 resulted in a crop of grain which averaged twelve sacks 
 to the acre, despite the fact that the season's rainfall amounted 
 to but 4% inches. Since that date Mr. Freeman has never 
 lost a crop. 
 
 Eastern farmers with quarter-sections can scarcely com- 
 prehend the extent of California's vast ranches. So success- 
 ful were Mr. Freeman's grain crops that in '82 he had over 
 
 of the Redondo road cross the ranch and afford unexcelled 
 facilities for marketing the immense crops of hay and grain 
 which Mr. Freeman now raises on his io,ooo-acre property. 
 Much of the land he has leased out to responsible parties, and 
 the places that once resounded with the laughter of the gay 
 vaquero on the semi-annual round-up are now scenes of 
 bustling activity and twentieth-century progress. 
 
 Mr. Freeman has always evidenced an active interest in 
 public affairs, and was for two successive terms president of 
 the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, an organization 
 whose influence has done more for the upbuilding of Southern 
 California than many agencies generally credited with a 
 greater influence. For the past seventeen years he has been 
 a director of the Southern California Railway, a branch of the 
 Santa Fe system, and few citizens have taken a more promi- 
 nent part in the upbuilding of Southern California than he. 
 
48 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 RUSSELL JUDSON WATERS. 
 
 A NATIVE of the " Green Mountain " State, Russell Jud- 
 son Waters made his entrance upon life's stage on the 
 6th day of June, 1843. While a child of four years of 
 age the lad lost his father, and the mother with thirteen chil- 
 dren to support moved to the sister State of Massachusetts. 
 Here at Colerain, Franklin county, young Waters spent his 
 early boyhood, and upon attaining the age of eight was obliged 
 to enter a cotton factory to assist in the support of the father- 
 less family. The little fellow worked for two years in the 
 mill, receiving compensation at the rate of $1.25 a week. 
 At the expiration of that time h[s health had been so seri- 
 ously impaired by the close confinement that he was sent to a 
 farm near Deerfield, Massa- 
 chusetts, where he remained 
 until twelve years of age, 
 attending the village. school 
 when the opportunity af- 
 forded, but learning more 
 of the lessons of life than 
 of books. At twelve he en- 
 tered the cutlery mills and 
 secured a job as operator 
 on one of the machines. 
 Another two years found 
 him with depleted health, 
 and the slender lad joined 
 his family at Richville, 
 New York, where they had 
 moved during his employ- 
 ment in the mill. Here he 
 secured work on a farm at 
 fifty cents a day, and dur- 
 ing the winter months cut 
 cord wood at fifty cents a 
 cord. But the ambition and 
 spirit in the boy were not 
 to be crushed by circum- 
 stances that would have 
 caused many a stouter 
 heart to quail. He had it 
 in him and nothing could 
 keep it down. Returning 
 to Massachusetts he learned 
 the machinists' trade, and 
 found time to pursue his 
 neglected studies. H i s 
 musical tastes also became 
 pronounced, and he mas- 
 tered the violin, piano and 
 cornet, securing a posi- 
 tion as solo baritone 
 
 in a local band. Later he taught a term or two of school at 
 Charlemont Center, and finally achieved the ambition of his 
 early years and graduated from Franklin Institute. Securing 
 a position as professor of Latin and mathematics in his alma 
 mater, young Waters at the age of twenty-four had mastered 
 and overcome the difficulties which had beset his path as a 
 boy, and secured the much desired education which was to 
 fit him for his career in life and in the halls of Congress 
 in the nation's Capitol. 
 
 Removing to Chicago in the spring of 1868, he determined 
 upon the study of law, and acting upon this impulse with an 
 energy characteristic of the youth and man, he entered a law 
 
 RUSSEI.L JUDSON WATERS. 
 
 office, where for the following two years he devoted himself 
 to reading law. Success attended his efforts, and May 12, 
 1868, at the age of twenty-six, this persevering young man 
 with the indomitable will found himself admitted to the bar 
 and privileged to practice in all the courts of the great com-, 
 monwealth of Illinois, and Federal courts all over the 
 land. Eighteen years of untiring efforts in their behalf 
 found his health giving way under the strain of a 
 too confining law practice, and he was compelled to relin- 
 quish his clientage and seek a less rigorous climate. 
 He determined upon California, and 1886 found him a chair- 
 man and commissioner of the California-Chicago Colonization 
 
 Association, which is, as its 
 name implies, a colonization 
 enterprise on a scale seldom 
 before attempted in this 
 country. With rare business 
 foresight a tract of land 
 was purchased in what is 
 now the city of Redlands, 
 and water rights secured 
 and the enterprise launched. 
 The success of the under- 
 taking is to be seen in one 
 of the most highly produc- 
 tive and beautiful spots in 
 the world a city of world- 
 wide fame and one that 
 claims Mr. Waters as its 
 father -- Redlands. He was 
 one of the original incor- 
 porators of the city, and for 
 a year acted as its attorney. 
 He was instrumental in in- 
 ducing the Santa Fe Rail- 
 road to extend its tracks 
 from San Bernardino to 
 Redlands, comprising what 
 is now known as the " Kite- 
 Shaped Track." At various 
 times he was a director 
 of the Union Bank, the 
 First National Bank, the 
 Crafton Water Company, 
 the East Redlands Water 
 Company, the Redlands 
 Hotel Company, and many 
 other notable business en- 
 terprises, the success of 
 which meant much to the 
 city of Redlands. As secre- 
 tary of the Redlands Hotel Company, he built Red- 
 lands' famous old hostelry, the Hotel Windsor. He 
 was president of the local street railway and secured its 
 franchises, etc. During the time he served as general man- 
 ager of the Bear Valley Irrigation Company he performed 
 an invaluable service for that greatly-troubled company, 
 reducing its indebtedness a half million, leaving $110,000 
 in its treasury, giving it a practically unlimited credit, and 
 raising its stock to $ifio, where previously it had ranged 
 far below par. During the eight years that he was identified 
 with the' city it was considered impossible to promote any 
 enterprise for the public good without first enlisting Mr. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 49 
 
 Waters' assistance. As " the father " of Redlands he per- 
 formed the duties of parent most conscientiously, and left a 
 thriving, prosperous offspring where formerly there had been 
 naught but sheep ranches. 
 
 Since 1894 Mr. Waters has made his home in this city. 
 He has a beautiful home on Adams street in one of the 
 finest residence sections of .the city, which is famed for her 
 beautiful homes. He at once assumed a prominent part in 
 the city's best interests, and invested his private fortun'e 
 generously and judiciously. As president of the Citizens' 
 National Bank, he has made of that institution one of the 
 most respected and substantial banking houses in the State. 
 His influence is felt upon the directorate of the Columbia 
 Savings Bank, while he is interested in a number of other 
 financial institutions in this portion of the State. He is also 
 president of the State Bank of San Jacinto, a live little bank 
 with deposits approximating $175,000. He is president and 
 principal owner in the San Jacinto Valley Water Company. 
 This company is now constructing sixteen miles of cement 
 ditches to distribute the water to the fruit growers and dairy 
 men of that beautiful valley, and the future prosperity of 
 San Jacinto depends largely upon this water system. He is 
 president of the Colum- 
 bia Commercial Com- 
 pany, whose operations 
 and property are in Or- 
 ange county, and on a 
 paying basis. He is 
 president of the Cali- 
 fornia Cattle Company, 
 whose holdings are 
 principally in Riverside 
 county. He is presi- 
 dent of the Bay Island 
 Club, a social organiza- 
 tion, uniquely located 
 on an island in New- 
 port Bay. He is presi- 
 dent of the Shepherd 
 Auto-Engine Company, 
 one of our latest manu- 
 facturing enterprises. 
 This Company is turn- 
 ing out a high grade 
 of automobiles. H e 
 has been closely identi- 
 fied with the Chamber 
 of Commerce since his 
 
 adoption of this city as his home, and served as treasurer of 
 that body for two years. In 1897 the Council selected Mr. 
 Waters as one of the Park Commissioners, and owing to his 
 intimate knowledge of horticulture and the flora of California, 
 it was a most wise selection. After serving for a year, press- 
 ing business compelled him to tender his resignation. 
 
 Mr. Waters' financial cares and business responsibilities, 
 however, never blinded him to the duties imposed by good 
 citizenship, and when in 1898 his friends sought the use of 
 his name as a candidate for Congress from the Sixth District, 
 he finally consented to permit its use. At the Congressional 
 convention in Sacramento he was nominated by acclamation 
 with no dissenting votes. The nomination speech was made 
 by his old-time friend, Ex-Gov. John L. Beveridge, of 
 Illinois, and was the subject of much favorable comment at 
 the time. 
 
 After a vigorous campaign during which the Democrats 
 and the Populists " fused," Mr. Waters carried his district 
 by a plurality of 3542 votes, taking it 'out of the Fusion ranks. 
 Upon assuming his place in the halls of Congress he made 
 
 RESIDENCE OK RUSSELL JUDSON WATERS. 
 
 his presence felt and respected, not as a politician, but as a 
 successful banker, lawyer and financier, who served the dis- 
 trict he represented. Among the many bills he introduced 
 and had passed by both houses, all were of particular and 
 vital interest to his constituency. He took an active part 
 in the introduction of certain measures approved by the 
 Southern California Forestry Commission, thereby making 
 it a crimirfcl offense to leave camp fires burning and endan- 
 gering the forests. He introduced a bill appropriating over 
 half a million for improvements in San Pedro Harbor, and 
 was especially active in defending the Nicaragua Canal Bill. 
 One of the most important measures which he passed 
 sustained the order of Commissioner General of the 
 Land Office, Hon. Binger Hermann, suspending the filing 
 of lien scrip upon land until after a full and complete 
 investigation by special agents of the department. This was 
 especially valuable to oil men of Southern California. 
 Another bill introduced and passed authorized the entry and 
 patenting of lands containing petroleum and other mineral 
 oils under the placer mining laws of the United States. 
 
 In establishing additional free delivery rural mail routes 
 in his district, Mr. Waters was especially active. These are 
 
 a great benefit to the 
 residents of this dis- 
 trict who have hitherto 
 been removed from 
 postal facilities, and 
 much appreciated by 
 his constituency. Eleven 
 new postoffices were es- 
 tablished in his district 
 during his term of of- 
 fice, and in behalf of 
 war veterans and their 
 widows Mr. Waters 
 was successfully active. 
 Mr. Waters is a man 
 of strong character, 
 and, as such, has won 
 distinction as a jurist; 
 he is a man of com- 
 prehensive 'udmnent, 
 and, as such, has con- 
 ducted vast business 
 enterprises with ability 
 and success ; he is a 
 man of exalted ideas, 
 and loyal and unflinch- 
 ing in all his relations to those associated with him. 
 It is not given to any large number of men to leave be- 
 hind them such a monument as the beautiful city of Redlandx 
 There was little there when Mr. Waters first visited the 
 place to indicate what it might be made. Many eyes had 
 rested on the hillside without gaining a vision of what 
 would be. Waters saw the city in the unimproved site and 
 resolutely set about evolving the city of the orange groves 
 in all its wealth of beauty. 
 
 Redlands is without doubt one of the most beautiful and 
 progressive cities in all Southern California. The products 
 of its orange groves have no superiors. The growth of the 
 city and the high excellence of the fruits are a lasting 
 testimony to the sagacity of the men who selected this as the 
 scene of their achievements. 
 
 No one who has read the story of bravery in adversity, 
 of struggle and determination, of perseverance in the face 
 of despair, and of the surmounting of obstacles in the life 
 of Russell Judson Waters, can but rejoice in the reward 
 which has come to him. 
 
50 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 JOTHAM BIXBY. 
 
 FIFTY years ago the Argonauts had but just commenced 
 the founding of a civilization in California, anjj the vast 
 territory between the California line and the Missouri 
 River was yet given over to the plain's tribes of Indians. In 
 the conquest of the Western wilderness the sons of New 
 England bore their part. One of these was Jotham Bixby. 
 The stock from which he came was sturdy and patriotic, 
 the first representative having come from England and set- 
 tled in Massachusetts in 
 early Colonial days. 
 Later generations re- 
 moved to Maine, where 
 the family was promi- 
 nent for years. 
 
 Jotham Bixby, who 
 enjoys the distinction 
 of being one of the 
 heaviest indiv i d u a 1 
 land owners of the 
 Southwest, where 25,- 
 ooo-acre ranches are 
 not uncommon, was 
 born in Norridgewock, 
 Maine, in 1831. His 
 early years ran in the 
 usual channels of farm 
 life, combining a good 
 deal of work, a little 
 pleasure and attendance 
 at the district schools 
 when opportunity af- 
 forded. Tales of the 
 wonderful wealth of 
 the California gold 
 mines were in the early 
 'So's heard upon every 
 hand, and it was not 
 strange that young 
 Bixby upon attaining 
 his majority should 
 turn his eyes in the 
 same direction and see 
 alluring promise in the 
 golden sunset. At the 
 age of 21 he set sail for 
 California, by way of 
 Cape Horn, arriving 
 after an uneventful pas- 
 sage in San Francisco 
 Bay, while the metrop- 
 olis of the Pacific Coast 
 was yet in swaddling 
 clothes. Workinor for 
 a salary was never 
 part of a man of 
 
 JOTHAM BIXBY. 
 
 young Bixby's stamp. He had resolved at the earliest pos- 
 sible moment to commence independent operations. He found 
 gratification for this ambition upon arriving at the placer mines 
 in the central part of the State. As a miner he did not meet 
 with the success he desired, and after following that pursuit 
 for a few years and acquiring a "stake," he went to Monterey 
 county, where he became interested in sheep raising. Later 
 
 he worked south into San Luis Obispo county, where in 1866 
 his flocks had increased to such an extent that it became 
 imperative for him to seek new ranges, and accordingly the 
 same year he made his first appearance in Los Angeles. 
 
 Mr. Bixby's initial purchase in this portion of the State 
 was the famous old Los Cerritos rancho, which he pur- 
 chased with associates in 1866, forming the firm of J. Bixby 
 & Co., Mr. Bixby securing a one-half interest in the magnifi- 
 cent property. From a 
 historical stand point 
 this is one of the most 
 interesting of the old 
 Soanish grants in 
 Southern California. 
 The present towns of 
 Long Beach, Clear- 
 water and Hynes are 
 located on portions of 
 the old ranch, which 
 faced the ocean on the 
 south and the San Ga- 
 briel River on the west 
 to the lands now owned 
 by Senator W. A. 
 Clark at Llewellyn. In 
 all the ranch embraced 
 some 27,000 acres of 
 hisrhly productive land. 
 Mr. Bixby has disposed 
 of a large part of the 
 original holdings, but 
 still retains some 5000 
 acres of the old ranch, 
 on. which he maintains 
 three dairies and raises 
 alfalfa, grain and beets. 
 When he purchased the 
 property he used it ex- 
 clusively for sheep 
 raising, and at times 
 had over 25.000 head on 
 the ranch, producing 
 175,000 pounds of wool 
 annually. Later on the 
 growth of Southern 
 California made sheep 
 raising on so produc- 
 tive a tract of land not 
 as profitable as farm- 
 ing, and the sheep were 
 gradually disposed of 
 and the ranch tilled for 
 grain and for some 
 other farm products. 
 Of the original 27,000 acres the company sold off in the 
 early '7o's a few farms toward Downey. Again six years 
 later it sold to the Wilmington Colony tract 1400 acres 
 for colonization purposes, and in 1884 another 4000 acres 
 embracing the present site of Long Beach. At the same 
 time the California Co-Operative Colonization Company 
 purchased 6000 acres, subdividing it for colonization purposes 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREA'I SOUTHWEST, 
 
 51 
 
 and including in the tract the present farming settlements of 
 Clearwater and Hynes. The last big sale was made to 
 Senator Clark, who purchased 8000 acres located near his 
 sugar factory at Los Alamitos. 
 
 In '875 J. Bixby & Co. purchased the larger part of the 
 Los Palos Verdes ranch of 17,000 acres in the hills between 
 Redondo and San Pedro. This was immediately stocked for 
 a cattle ranch, and is still used for that purpose. Since the 
 death of Mr. Bixby's old partner and brother, Llewellyn, 
 Bixby & Co. have incorporated their holdings In this ranch 
 under the title of the Palos Verdes Company. Later J. 
 Bixby & Co., associated with the late John W. Bixby and I. 
 W. Hellman, the eminent financier, purchased the Los Ala- 
 mitos ranch of 27,000 acres situated partly in Orange and 
 partly in Los Angeles counties. After the death of John W. 
 
 Fork, its interests being formerly managed by his son, Harry 
 L. Bixby, who died October 20, 1902, since which time 
 Messrs. W. R. and E. L. Patterson have conducted the affairs 
 of the company at that point. 
 
 The Pacific Creamery Company, doing business at Buena 
 Park, Orange county, is one of the most important concerns 
 in the rich New River Valley. They manufacture the cele- 
 brated Lily brand of condensed milk and cream, buying 
 directly from the farmers. The factory has a capacity of 
 over 9000 cases of evaporated milk and cream per month, the 
 larger part of which is disposed of in California and Arizona. 
 
 Mr. Bixby, while probably the largest individual land 
 owner in Southern California, has acquired his interests in 
 every instance by direct purchase. Mr. Bixby's interests are 
 by no means confined to country property. He is an 
 
 THE SCENE OF JOTHAM BIXBY S BOYHOOD IN MAINE. 
 
 Bixby, in 1887, that part of the ranch near Long Beach was 
 incorporated under the name of the Alamitos Land Company. 
 
 Some years ago Mr. Bixby also purchased 6000 acres of the 
 Rancho Santiago de Santa Ana, in Orange county, running 
 from Santa Ana River to< Santiago Creek ; also an orange 
 orchard property at Temescal, Riverside County ; besides 
 several small ranch properties in Tulare and San Luis Obispo 
 counties. Mr. Bixby is also the president and principal 
 stockholder in the Loma Vista Ranch Company, a corporation 
 owning about 800 acres near Summit Station, on both the 
 Redondo and San Pedro electric railways. 
 
 In Arizona Mr. Bixby is interested in the Chino Valley 
 Cattle Company, of which corporation he is president. The 
 company does an extensive sheep raising business at Ash 
 
 extensive holder of city property, both here and in Long 
 Beach, and most of his property is revenue-producing and 
 retained for permanency of investment rather than specula- 
 tion. He is president of, and heavily interested in, the 
 National Bank of Long Beach, and is prominent in every 
 move tending toward the upbuilding of its best interests. 
 
 Of the above mentioned corporations, Mr. Bixby is the 
 president of all, and is assisted in directing their affairs by 
 his son, George H. Bixby, who, since his graduation from 
 Yale in the class of '86, has been actively engaged in assist- 
 ing in the management of the extensive interests of his father, 
 who, despite his seventy-two years, is enjoying the vigorous 
 manhood which so well befits the dauntless spirit which won 
 him a place in the history of the Pacific Coast. 
 
52 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 ISAIAS W. HELLMAN. 
 
 OF ALL the distinguished men who have borne a hand 
 in the upbuilding of the great modern city of Los 
 Angeles, few have borne a more conspicuous part 
 than the subject of the following sketch. For more than 
 forty years, from the time this was a frontier village to the 
 present day of its magnificence, he has been in the foreground 
 of most enterprises undertaken in all the work of develop- 
 ment tending to make this one of the handsomest cities of 
 the land. 
 
 Isaias W. Hellman was born in Bavaria, in 1842. In 
 1859, while still a mere boy, he crossed the ocean, came to 
 California by way of the Isthmus of Panama and settled in 
 Los Angeles. Here was 
 his home for more than 
 thirty years, and much of 
 that time was devoted to 
 the public good in many 
 ways. 
 
 The boy came here as 
 a stranger, and he had 
 no advantage on earth 
 outside of his own. per- 
 sonality by which to 
 make his way in the 
 world. He had neither 
 money nor friends. His 
 capital consisted in a 
 fairly good education, an 
 indomitable will, a clear, 
 natural insight into busi- 
 ness, a firm determina- 
 tion to do his duty prop- 
 erly, and an indefatigable 
 industry. His first em- 
 ployment was in a store 
 on Los Angeles street, at 
 the head of Aliso street, 
 in the Arcadia building, 
 erected about that date 
 by Don Abel Stearns. 
 The business center \vas 
 there in those early days. 
 The employment was not 
 in an exalted position. 
 The duties were exacting 
 and the pay was small. 
 But I. W. Hellman was 
 not the kind of young 
 man to stay at the bot- 
 tom of the ladder in 
 any circumstances. He never proposed to stay there. 
 
 It would not subserve any important purpose to dwell on 
 the early years of effort, earnest and persistent though they 
 were, on the part of this young man to make his way upward 
 in the world. It is superfluous to say that he met with dif- 
 ficulties many in number and some of them hard to surmount. 
 The important fact is that none of them proved sufficient to 
 discourage a spirit so strong and persistent. With admi- 
 rable patience and tireless energy all these stumbling blocks 
 in the way were successfully passed, and year by year a place 
 of greater trust and dignity and of larger remuneration was 
 gained. Business men discovered faithfulness, industry, tact 
 
 and intuition in the youth, and saw that it would be a good 
 investment to put more confidence in him. 
 
 Barely nine years passed from his entrance into Los Ange- 
 les, and at the early age of twenty-six, when I. W. Hellman 
 had so impressed his personality on the community of which 
 he was a member, that he was able to secure capital enough 
 to organize a bank in the city, which at that time numbered 
 6000 inhabitants. This was in 1868, and the institution was 
 known as the Hellman, Temple & Co. Bank. From its incep- 
 tion Mr. Hellman was manager of the institution. He has 
 been in the banking business ever since, and today his name 
 is known in every financial center of the globe. He is even 
 
 better known in San 
 Francisco than in Los 
 Angeles, and as well 
 known in New York, 
 London, Paris and Ber- 
 lin. He stands among 
 bankers as one of the 
 leading financiers of the 
 world. Three years later 
 the Farmers and Mer- 
 chants Bank of Los An- 
 geles was organized, and 
 Mr. Hellman, who was 
 still under thirty years of 
 age, was made cashier 
 and manager of the new 
 institution. In the course 
 of the next few years he 
 was elected president of 
 this bank, and for thirty 
 years has held this posi- 
 tion through the grow- 
 ing, unwavering confi- 
 dence of the stockholders, 
 who at all times have 
 been composed of the 
 leading, most substantial 
 and progressive men of 
 the city at all stages of 
 its development. With 
 every step of advance in 
 population, in business 
 and in wealth made by 
 the city, under Mr. Hell- 
 man's guidance this in- 
 stitution has grown at a 
 rate greater than the 
 growth of the community 
 in any respect. Soon after its organization it became the 
 leading financial institution of the State outside of San 
 Francisco. Today it holds a position wholly unrivaled 
 among the banks of the State outside of the metropolis. And 
 there are but very few banks in San Francisco which in any 
 respect take precedence of the Farmers and Merchants Na- 
 tional Bank of Los Angeles. The deposits amount to over 
 $7,000,000, and its assets nearly $10,000,000. 
 
 Mr. Hellman has the genius of finance. That is, he was 
 born with an insight into the principles which underlie bank- 
 ing. This is a very simple business to the man who has this 
 inborn genius for it. Nor are its principles very complex. 
 
 ISAIAS W. HELLMAN. 
 
-U.V Ol' ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 53 
 
 Absolute honesty and a deep and abiding consciousness of the 
 great responsibility attaching to the handling of other people's 
 money are the corner-stone of successful banking. Success 
 depends upon a ready ability to produce the money of depos- 
 itors whenever it may be called for. The rule of the Farm- 
 ers and Merchants National Bank from the time of its 
 founding has been to carry 60 to 75 per cent, of the deposits 
 where they are always available for the use of those who 
 own them, without a moment's notice. 
 
 In 1891 the stockholders of the Nevada Bank of San 
 Francisco found it necessary to reorganize that institution, 
 which had passed through several trying crises during the 
 previous few years. In looking over the field for a man to 
 put at the head of this institution, the stockholders turned 
 to Los Angeles and made such flattering overtures to I. W. 
 Hcllman that he very reluctantly consented to expatriate 
 himself from Los Angeles, the scene of his business suc- 
 cesses, and dear to him from many associations and close 
 friendships. 
 
 In the spring of 1870 Mr. Hellman had married Miss 
 Esther Neugass, of a prominent New York family. In the 
 same year he had bought a handsome piece of ground on the 
 corner of Main and Fourth streets, and here he had built 
 a very attractive home. In this house his family had been 
 increased from time to time, until it consisted of one son and 
 two daughters, all bright young people of great promise. 
 As the years passed the banker of such sterling qualities and 
 unswerving integrity had woven- around his life and home a 
 great many strong friendships. His business interests in Los 
 Angeles were many and great. To leave the sacred precincts 
 of the home of his younger days and to disrupt so many 
 ties of friendship, as well as of business, was no easy thing. 
 But the business men of San Francisco would not be put off, 
 and they made so determined an effort to secure the services 
 of a man in whom so much confidence reposed that they 
 induced him to make the change. For twelve years Mr. 
 Hellman has borne the great responsibility of the presidency 
 of both banks. His home is in the metropolitan city on the 
 bay, but it is safe to say that half his mind and attention 
 centers in Los Angeles. There is a direct wire between the 
 two banks, and by this means the president, 500 miles away, 
 is in daily touch with the vice-president and manager of the 
 Farmers and Merchants National Bank of Los Angeles. He 
 makes frequent visits here, and is at all times cognizant of 
 all important transactions affecting the well-being of the 
 bank and the interests of its many patrons. With nearly one 
 thousand depositors and over $7,000,000 in deposits, Mr 
 Hellman's oversight in this way is considered of great im- 
 portance, able and faithful though his loyal lieutenants at this 
 end of the line are. 
 
 The twin institutions are growing apace. The Nevada 
 Bank has become a tower of financial strength since Mr. Hell- 
 man assumed direction of its affairs. The Farmers and 
 Merchants National Bank has increased in all respects year 
 by year as the growth of the city has made it possible. 
 Within the past year the Farmers and Merchants Bank has 
 
 been converted into a national bank, and at this very moment 
 its capital stock has been doubled, making the capital fully 
 paid up $1,000,000. Subscriptions to the increased stock were 
 subscribed three times over, so eager were the pecple of Los 
 Angeles to secure so desirable an investment. Preparations 
 are now going on to erect a new home for the bank on the 
 corner of Main and Fourth streets, where thirty years ago 
 Mr. Hellman built his home and his friends made a jest of 
 his "moving out of the city." so remote from business was 
 that point in the little city of a generation ago. Another 
 improvement, but of a private nature, Mr. Hellman has on 
 hand at the present time, is the putting of two additional 
 stories on his great business block on the corner of Broad- 
 way and Second street. This will make a modern five-story 
 building of larger area than any other one building in Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 Banking and other business interests, however, have not 
 monopolized I. W. Hellman's whole time and attention. In 
 the course of so busy a career he has found time to accom- 
 plish what not one man in a million can do. He speaks 
 fluently four languages, and is one of the most keenly intelli- 
 gent men on current topics on the Coast. For many years 
 he has been a useful member of the Board of Regents of the 
 State University, and his views on all that affects the well 
 being of that institution are highly valued by his associates on 
 that board. 
 
 In his home life and in all his domestic relations, Mr. Hell- 
 man has been happy far beyond the lot of most men. His 
 eldest son, I. W. Hellman, Jr., now of man's estate, is 
 happily married, and stands in the foremost ranks of business 
 men in San Francisco, as the head of the Union Trust Com- 
 pany. The second child, a daughter, is happily married to one 
 of the brightest and most promising lawyers of the younger 
 generation in that city. The youngest daughter still graces as 
 a precious ornament the parental home, known as one of the 
 most refined and enjoyable to a host of friends, of all the 
 homes of the great city. The Hellman summer residence in 
 the heart of the mountains on Lake Tahoe is a beautiful 
 place, where, as the weight of years begins to accumulate, the 
 busy financier seeks a rest from cares, and renewed strength 
 for his multifarious and pressing duties, among the whispering 
 pines of the mountain top, and by the music of the waves 
 that break on the shore of the beautiful lake. 
 
 Only a brief and imperfect sketch of Isaias W. Hellman is 
 here presented. His many services rendered Los Angeles 
 would take twice the space here occupied to recount. Among 
 the very latest and greatest, perhaps, mav be mentioned the 
 part he took in joining Henry E. Huntington and others in 
 the wonderful enterprise now being pushed forward to give 
 Southern California one of the most complete systems of 
 rapid transit in the country. Still in the prime of life and 
 usefulness, I. W. Hellman stands ever ready to further any 
 scheme for the benefit of Los Angeles, where his greatest 
 achievements were won, where so manv of his great interests 
 center and where hosts of his friends reside. 
 
54 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 GEORGE I. COCHRAN. 
 
 IT IS interesting in reviewing the careers of men who 
 have made signal success in Los Angeles to note the 
 various stations in life from which they come. While 
 Fortune has chosen her sponsors from all ranks of society, 
 as established by difference of means and education, it is 
 a conspicuous fact that the favored ones represent, as a 
 rule, the conservative, persevering and deserving element. 
 The subject of this biography was possessed of superior 
 educational resources before entering professional circles in 
 this State, and is one whose experience has evidenced a 
 marked fitness for the obligations imposed by success. The 
 writer in compiling a select list of representative citizens 
 who have accomplished most for their city and State, joins 
 the public in paying re- 
 spectful homage to George 
 I. Cochran, one of the city's 
 most progressive and suc- 
 cessful men of affairs. 
 
 George I. Cochran was 
 born near Toronto, Canada, 
 July i, 1863. He had 
 hardly received the first 
 impressions o f boyhood, 
 however, when his parents 
 removed to Japan, .where 
 the family lived from 1873 
 to 1879. In the latter year 
 his father, the Rev. George 
 Cochran, D. D., returned 
 from his missionary labors 
 to his former home at To- 
 ronto. The Rev. Mr. Coch- 
 ran was one of the first 
 Methodist missionaries sent 
 to Japan, and took a promi- 
 nent part in church work, 
 being president of the To- 
 r o n t o Methodist Church 
 Conference, Dean of the 
 University of Southern 
 California, and occupying 
 many other important posi- 
 tions in the Methodist 
 Church. 
 
 Upon the return of the 
 family to Toronto from 
 their residence in Japan, 
 young George entered the 
 Toronto University and 
 later was called to the 
 bar at Osgood Hall, To- 
 ronto. He commenced practice as a barrister and 
 met with gratifying success even at that time. His 
 parents were of Scotch and Irish descent, also related 
 to the now famous Wesley family on his mother's side 
 of the house, and George inherited the sterling quality 
 of character predominant in both races. His mother was a 
 devout woman and a true helpmeet to her husband. Having 
 equipped himself for life's battle, the young man came to 
 Los Angeles in March, 1888, at the age of twenty-five, and 
 at once identified himself with the best interests of his 
 adopted home. He met with immediate and gratifying suc- 
 
 GEORGE I. COCHRAN 
 
 cess, and won prominence for his knowledge of the law, 
 and for his untiring efforts in behalf of clients. Soon after 
 he was happily married to Miss Alice McClung, also a 
 Canadian and old-time acquaintance. 
 
 It was in 1893, during the financial panic which overtook 
 the country, that Mr. Cochran first came into wide banking 
 prominence. As attorney for the Los Angeles Clearing 
 House he directed the legal affairs and counseled the business 
 interests of that organization at that time, when an error 
 would have meant ruin to thousands. No more flattering 
 testimonial could have been tendered Mr. Cochran in 
 recognition of his valuable service than the one adopted 
 by that body after the crisis had been safely passed. 
 
 He took an active part 
 in organizing and incorpo- 
 rating the Broadway Bank 
 and Trust Company, and 
 has been its first vice-presi- 
 dent since its inception. 
 Under good, conservative 
 management this banking 
 house has attained a repu- 
 tation as one of the most 
 substantial and progressive 
 concerns in the city and 
 State as well. Recently its 
 growing business demanded 
 larger quarters, and another 
 thirty feet was added to the 
 counting room, which occu- 
 pies the larger part of the 
 Broadway side of the im- 
 posing Bradbury building. 
 Among the most success- 
 ful of Mr. Cochran's indus- 
 trial promotions is that of 
 the Conservative Life In- 
 surance Company, of which 
 body he is vice-president 
 and one of the largest 
 stockholders. In associa- 
 tion with other Los Ange- 
 les capitalists, Mr. Cochran 
 organized this company but 
 two and one-half years ago, 
 and during that period of 
 time it has eclipsed all pre- 
 vious records held by in- 
 surance companies, both as 
 to insurance in force and 
 surplus attained. 
 While much of Mr. Cochran's time is necessarily engaged 
 by the demands of his law practice, he is interested in the 
 Los Angeles Trust Company, and is upon its directorate. 
 The company does a business along the lines of the great 
 trust companies of the Eastern cities, and has built up a 
 handsome business in this city. The Rosedale Cemetery 
 Association, which owns one of the most beautiful plots of 
 ground in Southern California, claims Mr. Cochran as its 
 vice-president and one of its directors, while the Seaside 
 Water Company, which supplies water for Long Beach, San 
 Pedro and Wilmington for irrigation and domestic purposes 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 55 
 
 as well, is another of the successful companies that have- 
 been launched by Mr. Cochran and associates. As a direc- 
 tor and secretary of the United Gas, Electric and Power 
 Company, he has done much to advance the interests of that 
 corporation and the patronage it serves, and latterl" was 
 largely instrumental in consolidating it with the well-known 
 Edison Electric Company. 
 
 The Santa Barbara Consolidated Street Railway Company, 
 operating the car lines in the entire city of Santa Barbara, 
 claims Mr. Cochran as a director, while the Artesian Water 
 Company, a local corporation that has been expending money 
 with a lavish hand in developing water for near-by towns, is 
 indebted to Mr. Cochran for his legal and business advice at 
 board meetings. 
 
 One of the most recent and withal the most successful of 
 
 churches in this city that promises to soon rival Brooklyn 
 as a " City of Churches." Prominent and foremost in busi- 
 ness enterprises, the same progressive spirit and executive 
 ability are noted in Mr. Cochran's church work. He is 
 a member of a commission of fifteen appointed by 
 the last General Methodist Conference to consider and report 
 upon a plan if feasible to consolidate the big benevolences 
 of the church. This most important matter will be con- 
 sidered at the next General Conference, which will be held in 
 Los Angeles in May, 1904. 
 
 In educational matters, Mr. Cochran takes an active part 
 and does much to advance the interests of not only the city 
 but the State as well. He has been one of the trustees and 
 treasurer of the University of Southern California for many 
 years, and is one of the university's most loyal supporters. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF GEORGE I. COCHRAN. 
 
 his promotions is that known as the West Adams Heights 
 Association. This is one of the show places of the city, and 
 one of the choicest residence sections. The addition gives 
 about half a mile square of fine residence property to the 
 city, and the class of residences that are being erected insures 
 a maintenance of Los Angeles' reputation as a city of beau- 
 tiful homes. Among the number already erected few are 
 more artistic from an architectural standpoint than that 
 owned by Mr. Cochran on Harvard Boulevard, an engraving 
 of which accompanies this article. 
 
 Despite business and financial cares, Mr. Cochran has never 
 blinded himself to the spiritual needs of Los Angeles' citizens. 
 His early training was undoubtedly instrumental in his con- 
 nection with the founding of the Westlake Methodist Episco- 
 pal Church, one of the most prosperous and fashionable 
 
 Politically Mr. Cochran is a staunch Republican, and an 
 able defender of the tenets of his party. He has never 
 sought political office, his ambitions not lying in a political 
 pathway. He has always stood for good citizenship, and has 
 been a member of the Executive Committee of the County 
 Central Committee for many years. 
 
 George I. Cochran has the capacity for solving aright the 
 business problems of an eventful career, and his unerring 
 judgment has been the fulcrum on which has turned the suc- 
 cess of great enterprises. As a promoter of industrial enter- 
 prises he has met with a success that has been manifestly 
 the reward of business ability of the highest order, an ability 
 that has made him one of the foremost promoters in the 
 city, giving to Southern California a means of develop- 
 ment and prosperity well befitting her vast natural wealth. 
 
56 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 FREDRICK H. RINDGE. 
 
 A NATIVE of Cambridge, Massachusetts, of old New 
 England ancestry, Fredrick H. Rindge's debut upon the 
 stage of life was most auspicious. Born in 1857, his 
 early boyhood was spent mid the scenes of that historic old 
 town, where he received his education and prepared for Har- 
 vard. Graduating with the class of '79, he was in college 
 with Theodore Roosevelt and many other distinguished men 
 of affairs. Some time after receiving his degree from the 
 university, Mr. Rindge succeeded to the possessions and man- 
 agement of the extensive 
 estate left by his father, 
 and the ensuing few years 
 found his time and atten- 
 tion occupied with the de- 
 tails of its management. 
 
 Business and financial 
 cares have never blinded 
 Mr. Rindge to an apprecia- 
 tion of the duties of good 
 citizenship, and he has con- 
 tributed liberally to all 
 causes calculated to benefit 
 the public weal. He gave 
 to the city of Cambridge 
 its imposing City Hall, later 
 presenting it with a Public 
 Library building that is a 
 handsome structure. His 
 latest and possibly greatest 
 gift was the Manual Train- 
 ing School, which he con- 
 ducted at his own expense 
 for a period of ten years, 
 finally turning it over to 
 the city. A direct result of 
 this benefaction was the 
 passage of a law by the 
 State Legislature making 
 compulsory the establish- 
 ment and maintenance of 
 similar schools by all cities 
 of over 20,000 population 
 in the State. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Rindge came 
 to Los Angeles, and at- 
 tracted by its genial climate 
 as much as by its undevel- 
 oped resources, decided 
 upon a residence here for 
 at least a part of the year. 
 His first investment of im- 
 portance was the purchase 
 of a beautiful and historic 
 old ranch, which he still 
 maintains. The location of the property near Los Angeles is 
 most desirable, and the ranch is in a highly productive state, 
 being largely devoted to raising grain and cattle. It stretches 
 along the coast for a distance of twenty-five miles, and has 
 the distinction of being one of the largest ranches in this 
 country of princely domains, where 15,000 acres is considered 
 nothing unusual. 
 
 As president of the Maclay Rancho and Water Company 
 he has been instrumental in opening up to settlement, under 
 
 FREDRICK H. RINDGE. 
 
 the most favorable conditions, a 40OO-acre tract of land 
 located in the famous San Fernando Valley, that is being 
 marketed in small tracts already set to citrus fruits. A large 
 portion of the property is now in trees, while the balance 
 is all highly productive and beautifully located. It is inter- 
 esting to note in this connection that the land lies entirely 
 in the frostless belt, and is free from scale and other pests 
 which frequently prove such a drawback to orchardists in 
 this section. A frequent service on the Southern Pacific 
 
 makes the location most de- 
 sirable, being within forty 
 minutes' ride of Los Ange- 
 les. 
 
 It is probably as president 
 of the Conservative Life In- 
 surance Company that Mr. 
 Rindge's name is most fre- 
 quently before the public. 
 As president of the company 
 he has been largely instru- 
 mental in the upbuilding of 
 the company's fi n a n c i a 1 
 strength. The Conservative 
 was incorporated under the 
 laws of California with a 
 capital stock of $200,000. at 
 a par value of $100, with a 
 surplus of $100,000, all paid 
 in. The basis of the organ- 
 ization on its insurance 
 operations is that accepted 
 the world over as the only 
 true, scientific calculation 
 for safely offering such in- 
 demnity. It is technically 
 known as the " old-line legal 
 reserve " system. In finan- 
 cial circles throughout the 
 State and the country as 
 well, the company was im- 
 mediately recog n i z e d as 
 having started under the 
 most auspicious circum- 
 stances, and within a short 
 time after its incorporation 
 its stock was quoted at 60 
 per cent, above par. Its 
 growth has been remarkable, 
 even unprecedented, in the 
 history of insurance com- 
 panies in this country. No 
 company of the same age 
 ever showed so much insur- 
 ance in force, so much sur- 
 plus or so much assets as the Conservative Life, now little 
 over three years old. 
 
 Mr. Rindge's interests are by no means confined to the 
 enterprises above mentioned. He has purchased liberally of 
 the best business and residence realty in Los Angeles, and, 
 through his enterprise in the erection of expensive, modern 
 improvements, has contributed in a generous degree to the 
 growth and upbuilding of the city. He is interested in a 
 number of the most substantial banking houses in the city, 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 57 
 
 and in various other private enterprises too numerous to 
 mention in detail. As a director in the Edison Electric 
 Company he has been influential, and is at present interested, 
 in developing Kern River power, it being the purpose of the 
 company to bring 10,000 horse-power into Los Angeles in 
 less than two years from this source alone. As president 
 of the Artesian Company he and his associates have laid 
 the foundations of a water system of great usefulness, and 
 incidentally the company has developed water for irrigating 
 purposes for the Palms and Ballona. He is also vice- 
 president of the Union Oil Company of California. 
 
 Mr. Kludge has not confined his investments wholly to this 
 portion of the State. He has invested liberally in developing 
 
 reclaiming lands in much the same manner as employed by 
 the Hollanders. Over 25,000 acres have been reclaimed and 
 placed in a highly productive state by the simple process of 
 building immense dikes along the river, burning and plowing 
 the tule lands and dredging the river, throwing the rich sedi- 
 ment onto the tule lands through long sluice boxes. The 
 most recent purchase is a tract of 8000 acres which belonged 
 to the Ross Sargent estate. Success has attended the efforts 
 of the company, and in one field of potatoes there are over 
 5000 acres. Seven dredges and over one thousand men have 
 been employed upon the work at one time, and the enterprise 
 is one of great importance to that section of the State along 
 the San Joaquin River tributary to Stockton. 
 
 BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OK FREDRICK H. RINDGE'S RANCH. 
 
 dormant resources in the arid regions, bringing at great 
 expense water to the thirsty soil, and making it possible for 
 orchards and vineyards to grow where formerly the land was 
 given over to the cactus and sage brush. Besides these com- 
 panies with which his name is connected, he has assisted in 
 the success of many enterprises along similar lines that would 
 not have been launched without his financial support. 
 
 In the central portion of the State Mr. Rindge is interested 
 in reclaiming thousands of acres of peat and tule lands near 
 Stockton. He is president of the Middle River Canal and 
 Navigation Company, a company formed for the purpose of 
 
 With such extensive interests in California, including great 
 ranchos, vast stretches of irrigated lands, thousands of acres 
 of peat lands, immense oil interests, and a number of banking 
 and financial institutions, Mr. Rindge finds his time much 
 taken up, but he still retains his manufacturing interests 
 in historic New England, and makes frequent trips to his 
 eastern home. 
 
 His Los Angeles residence is on West Adams Heights, one 
 of the newest and most exclusive residence sections of this 
 city. Here he lives in a manner befitting his station 
 in social and financial circles. 
 
58 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 STEPHEN MALLORY WHITE. 
 
 IN PREPARING a publication of a historical nature in 
 which the lives of some of California's most distinguished 
 citizens are chronicled it is appropriate to devote special 
 space to the memory of the late United States Senator 
 Stephen M. White, for his name is inseparably associated 
 with a host of public measures of unquestioned value. He 
 was probably one of the most widely known citizens of Cali- 
 fornia. While he was in the prime of life he wielded a pow- 
 erful influence in the councils of his State and the nation. 
 Yet his rise was not meteoric, but was a steady development 
 of intellectual powers, a steady ripening of influence and a 
 sure advancement in the shaping of the policy of the political 
 party he represented. In the various high offices to which he 
 was elected he proved 
 himself able, by wise 
 statesmanship, to pre- 
 serve the honor of our 
 State and country, and 
 to conserve the high- 
 est welfare. Strong in 
 attachment to principle 
 and living in times of 
 partisan strife, his ca- 
 reer nevertheless ex- 
 emplified the maxim 
 that " He serves his 
 party best who serves 
 his country best." One 
 of the guiding princi- 
 ples of his life was in- 
 dependence of action, 
 his determination to do 
 his duty regardless of 
 consequences, and a 
 steadfast adherence to 
 the dictates of his con- 
 science, regardless of 
 the shifting sentiment 
 of today or tomorrow. 
 In the course of his 
 long public career he 
 made many enemies, as 
 every man who enters 
 the service of his coun- 
 try is the subject of 
 more or less severe 
 criticism from his op- 
 ponents. But it must 
 be said that the bitter- 
 est political opponent of 
 Senator White always 
 conceded him to be a man of remarkable ability, with a genius 
 for public affairs, and an unlimited force of determination 
 and will power. Such was the late Stephen M. White. 
 
 A native son of California, Stephen M. White was born 
 January 19, 1853, in San Francisco, which was then little more 
 than a straggling village. His father was a merchant in that 
 city, having emigrated with his wife early in the spring of 
 "49. Stephen's early boyhood was spent in the Pajaro Val- 
 ley in Santa Cruz county, where his father had removed 
 shortly after his son's birth. Here he received the rudiments 
 
 STEPHEN MAU.ORY WHITE. 
 
 of his education, later being sent to a private school in Oak- 
 land, and at sixteen he entered St. Ignatius College, San 
 Francisco, finally graduating from Santa Clara College in 1871. 
 For ten months after his graduation he read law in the office 
 of A. W. Blair in Watsonville, about one year in a law office 
 in Santa Cruz with C. B. Younger and nearly the same length 
 of time with Albert Hagan of the same place. He was ad- 
 mitted to the bar on the I4th of April, 1874, and the following 
 November came to Los Angeles to practice. 
 
 Success attended his efforts, and the future Senator won 
 immediate recognition in professional circles throughout this 
 section of the State. His first political office was accepted in 
 1883-4, when he served as District Attorney of Los Angeles 
 
 county, the duties of 
 which he performed in 
 such a manner as to 
 elicit the general at- 
 tention and satisfaction. 
 On the 5th of June, 
 1883, Mr. White was 
 wedded to one of the 
 most accomplished and 
 charming ladies of this 
 city, Hortense Sacriste. 
 The marriage took 
 place at the Cathedral 
 on Main street, and was 
 one of the social events 
 of the year. In 1886 
 Mr. White served with 
 conspicuous ability in 
 the State Senate. Soon 
 after he became State 
 Senator, the Governor, 
 Washington Bart 1 e 1 1, 
 died, and Lieut.-Gov. 
 Waterman became 
 Chief Executive, which 
 caused Mr. White to be 
 presiding officer of the 
 Senate the first session 
 and acting Lieutenant- 
 Governor in the second 
 session. His thorough 
 knowledge of parlia- 
 mentary rules enabled 
 him to fill these posi- 
 tions with fairness to 
 all and in a manner 
 above criticism from 
 any. While a State 
 Senator, Mr. White made his famous canvass for the United 
 States Senate. When, in 1893, there was a vacancy in the 
 national Senatorial office, he was elected to that high office on 
 the first ballot. He took his seat March 4, 1893, and of his 
 career in that great office much is recorded in history. 
 
 Senator White's death, on February 21, 1901, was a great 
 loss to the people of California, more than they possibly re- 
 alized. City, county, State and national organizations joined in 
 paying respect to his memory. Flags were hung at half-mast 
 throughout the State, and his loss was universally mourned. 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 59 
 
 HERMAN W. HELLMAN. 
 
 HERMAN W. HELLMAN was born September 25, 
 1843, in Bavaria, Germany. His early boyhood was 
 spent with his parents, and was devoted to the studies 
 of the elementary branches now taught in the public schools 
 and grammar grades. He was an ambitious youth, and, 
 when a mere boy, determined to go forth into the world for 
 himself and hew out his fortune. Yielding to the over- 
 whelming impulse, he left home at the age of fifteen and 
 directed his steps to this country, coming directly to Los 
 Angeles, then a little Spanish town of less than 3000 souls. 
 The first position held 
 by young Hellman was 
 that of freight clerk in 
 the employ of Gen. 
 Phineas Banning of 
 Wilmington. His in- 
 clinations turned in- 
 stinctively to finance, 
 however, and he short- 
 ly resigned his position 
 to engage in business 
 in the stationery line. 
 As a merchant. Mr. 
 Hellman pros p e r e d. 
 After a few years' part- 
 nership he sold out his 
 interest in the business 
 and started for himself 
 in the same line. Suc- 
 cess again attended his 
 efforts, and in March, 
 1870, he determined to 
 revisit the scenes of his 
 boyhood, and, dispos- 
 ing of his business to 
 advantage, he spent the 
 following year in trav- 
 eling throughout Eu- 
 rope. 
 
 Returning to the 
 country of his adoption 
 in the fall of 1871, Mr. 
 Hellman assoc i a t e d 
 himself with an old 
 school friend. Jacob 
 Haas, and founded the 
 wholesale grocery house 
 of Hellman, Haas & 
 Co., which, under Mr. 
 Hellman's active man- 
 agement, carried on an 
 extensive trade in 
 Southern California, 
 Arizona, New Mexico and portions of Texas, for 
 nearly two decades. In 1890 Mr. Hellman retired from the 
 firm of Hellman, Haas & Co., and then accepted the position 
 of vice-president and local manager of the Farmers and 
 Merchants Bank, at that time a State institution. No better 
 choice could have been made. His mercantile education was 
 gained in one of the greatest and most successful business 
 
 HERMAN W. HELLMAN 
 
 houses of the Pacific Coast, and his experience had been in 
 association with men to whom business was a life pursuit. 
 Under H. W. Hellman the Farmers and Merchants 
 Bank continued to grow deposits then $2,300,000 
 during an era of prosperity which has known no re- 
 verses. The estimation and confidence in which the bank 
 was held are best shown by the deposits, which, during Mr. 
 Hellman's management, aggregated the enormous sum of 
 $7.500,000. This trust has never been betrayed, and in 1893. 
 when a feeling of insecurity pervaded financial circles 
 
 throughout the coun- 
 try, the Farmers 
 and Merchants Bank, 
 under the wise direc- 
 tion of Mr. Hellman, 
 stood intact. 
 
 Other financial insti- 
 tutions and business en- 
 terprises claimed so 
 much of his attention, 
 however, that last May 
 Mr. Hellman tendered 
 his resignation of the 
 position he had so long 
 and ably filled with the 
 Farmers and Merchants 
 National Bank. His in- 
 tention was to devote 
 his entire time to pri- 
 vate enterprises, but his 
 purpose was interrupt- 
 ed by the stockholders 
 of the Merchants Na- 
 tional Bank tendering 
 him a unanimous and 
 insistent call to the 
 presidency of that in- 
 stitution. Mr. Hellman 
 was finally prevailed 
 upon to accept the re- 
 sponsibility. Important 
 changes and improve- 
 ments in the bank were 
 promptly decided upon, 
 Mr. Hellman entering 
 upon the work with the 
 energy and ambition so 
 characteristic of the 
 man. 
 
 He is a director of the 
 Security Savings Bank, 
 which has recently 
 taken in the Main 
 Street Savings Bank, an institution with which his name 
 had long been connected. 
 
 Mr. Hellman has erected an imposing eight-story office 
 building in the heart of Los Angeles, which is absolutely 
 fireproof and modern in every particular, the cost of the 
 structure and grounds exceeding $1,500,000, and making it 
 one of the handsomest buildings on the Pacific Slope. 
 
60 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 JOHN F. FRANCIS. 
 
 ONE of America's most brilliant orators and statesmen 
 it was who said that " Over all wealth, above all 
 station, above all the noble, the robed and crowned, 
 rises the sincere man.'' The man who by his sincerity of 
 purpose and devotion to high ideals wins a place in the 
 hearts of his fellow-men has, after all, won the enduring 
 success. A career which elevates one's own self and at the 
 same time reaches out and helps to raise those with whom 
 one comes in contact has an influence so widespread as to 
 be immeasurable. To the city of Los Angeles has 
 been given such a character in the late John F. Francis, 
 whose recent death in the very prime of his manhood 
 deeply touched the hearts 
 of an immense circle of 
 his fellow-men. In both 
 his life and death he 
 builded to himself a 
 monument of love for 
 others and devotion to 
 the highest aims of ex- 
 istence that stands bright 
 in the history of Los An- 
 geles citizenship. 
 
 John F. Francis was 
 born in Clinton, Iowa, 
 and his earlier years 
 were spent there. On 
 completion of his school 
 work young Francis en- 
 joyed the privilege of a 
 journey to continental 
 Europe, where his keen 
 observation and retentive 
 memory were used to 
 largely add to his store 
 of knowledge and to 
 broaden his views of life. 
 After returning to Amer- 
 ica, his love of military 
 affairs caused him to en- 
 list in the Kansas Volun- 
 teer Cavalry, under the 
 command of Capt. David 
 L. Payne. Mr. Francis 
 served irt this military 
 body during the Indian 
 campaign on the Kansas 
 western frontier in 1867, 
 and experienced many of 
 the thrilling phases of 
 frontier warfare. 
 
 Imbued with a spirit 
 of adventure, Mr. Fran- 
 cis devoted the years following to the experiences of 
 frontier life in the Western plains and mountains. He spent 
 much time in the wildest sections of Colorado, Wyoming, 
 Nevada and California, and gathered a vast fund of infor- 
 mation relative to these countries. After a considerable 
 period of time spent in this rugged life, Mr. Francis again 
 made the journey to Europe, and there he leisurely visited 
 the many points of interest and historical note. He returned 
 to California in 1888, but soon was called to Europe 
 again by the death of a dear friend. He then remained 
 
 JOHN F. FRANCIS. 
 
 on that side of the Atlantic until 1891, when he re- 
 turned and took up his life as an active citizen of 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 His public life in Los Angeles is a record of devotion 
 to the city's best interests. As a member of the Los Angeles 
 Chamber of Commerce ; as an ardent worker for the deep- 
 water harbor at San Pedro ; as a manager of the popular 
 local festival, " La Fiesta de Los Angeles ;'' as a helper 
 in every cause for the development of Los Angeles and of 
 Southern California, Mr. Francis was indefatigable. His 
 ability and means were given with a free hand to further 
 these ends, and with him there was no turning back after 
 
 putting his hand to the 
 plow. 
 
 Mr. Francis had social 
 qualities which endeared 
 him to everyone who 
 knew him. He was an 
 able conversationalist, a 
 royal entertainer; he had 
 a sweet spirit and a sense 
 of deep loyalty to his 
 friends, and his extensive 
 travel and keen powers 
 of observation made him 
 a welcome comrade with 
 men of intellect and 
 learning. He was an 
 ardent churchman, a de- 
 voted son of the Roman 
 Catholic faith. He did 
 much for the advance- 
 ment of the church's in- 
 terests. Mr. Francis was 
 one of the founders and, 
 until his death, the presi- 
 dent of that well-known 
 organization of Catholic 
 laymen, the Newman 
 Club. This club was 
 very dear to Mr. Fran- 
 cis, and he devoted much 
 time to it. 
 
 Death came to Mr. 
 Francis after a lingering 
 illness of many months 
 July 4, 1903. The fu- 
 eral services were held 
 at the Cathedral of St. 
 Vibiana, and that edifice 
 could not hold the people 
 who gathered to pay to 
 the noble life of John F. 
 
 Francis their last tribute of respect. Numerous church 
 dignitaries participated at the solemn Pontifical Requiem 
 Mass, and the various Catholic societies attended in a body. 
 Perhaps no more fitting expression could be found with 
 which to close this brief account of that beloved citizen 
 than the following beautiful tribute published in the Los 
 Angeles Daily Times : 
 
 " Death has robbed Los Angeles of another of her strong, 
 brave and kindly men a man who was ever in the fore in 
 good works, who was the very soul of generosity and 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 61 
 
 charity, who was sweet of temper, sunny of spirit, buoyant, 
 genial and true. 
 
 " Mr. Francis was essentially a good citizen and never a 
 self-seeker. He repeatedly declined to stand for public 
 office, but as a private in the civic ranks, never was 
 there a better soldier. Where there was suffering to be 
 ameliorated, tears to be wiped away, courage to be put into 
 despairing souls, there was John F. Francis with his open 
 purse, his tender sympathy, his sturdy courage. Tireless 
 in the discharge of an undertaking, zealous and filled with 
 
 one need have no fear that better days for the race will not 
 come than those which have passed away. While such men 
 as he can live in peace with their fellow-men and prosper, 
 there is encouragement for other good men who are in the 
 midst of the bitter struggle of our civilization. 
 
 "Such men as John F. Francis are a blessing to the world, 
 for they give examples that reach out for the betterment 
 thereof. It is such as he who has gone unto everlasting rest 
 who makes proof of the aphorism that ' the post of honor is 
 the private station.' 
 
 RESIDENCE OF THE LATE JOHN F. FRANCIS. 
 
 enthusiasm for a good and noble cause, discreet, adroit and 
 considerate of the judgments and feelings of his fellow- 
 men, he was alike a spur and an inspiration. Where he 
 walked there was always sunshine ; where he worked there 
 was accomplishment ; where there were discouragements he 
 helped with a stout heart to discount them every one. 
 
 " Upon such men as our dead citizen is the hope of 
 humanity. While the world contains such characters as he 
 
 " Los Angeles will miss and mourn this good, kindly, ten- 
 der-hearted man, for his kind is all too few in any com- 
 munity. That his sleep will be sweet and his final reward 
 sure, let no one question. So let him rest among the roses 
 and lilies of the Southland that he loved so well, and let those 
 he has left behind not mourn, for the fragrance of his gentle 
 spirit is with us and about us, and will remain forever. 
 
 " A tender farewell, good friend, brave heart, sweet soul." 
 
62 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 JOHN R. HAYNES. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA is one of the world's sana- 
 toriums, and in viewing the influence of its reputation 
 as a health resort on the growth and prosperity of Los 
 Angeles, the casual observer is likely to overlook many other 
 sources of the city's supremacy. Long ago the fame of our 
 climatic and scenic attractions overshadowed that of our min- 
 ing and commercial interests, and it is not surprising that 
 it has almost eclipsed the fame of the progressive and 
 enterprising men who dominate the business field of our city. 
 To these things, not less than to the wealth of natural 
 resources with which nature has endowed this section of 
 the State, Los Angeles owes her development; and it is the 
 purpose to present here the most striking examples of indi- 
 vidual energy afforded by 
 this fertile spot. 
 
 John R. Haynes's ances- 
 tors on his mother's side 
 came over to the bleak New 
 England shores in 1635, 
 fifteen years after the May- 
 flower made her famous 
 voyage. The old homestead 
 at Ipwich, Massachusetts, is 
 still occupied by a lineal 
 descendant of the same 
 name. 
 
 One of the H a y n e s' 
 grandfathers fought in the 
 King Philip's war, while his 
 great-grandfather, at six- 
 teen years of age, entered 
 the Revolutionary Army, in 
 a corps commanded by his 
 uncle, Gen. Fellows. He 
 was later on the staff of the 
 commanding general in the 
 Black Hawk War, and in 
 the War of 1812 was com- 
 missioned colonel, though 
 on account of advanced 
 years he never served. This 
 reason also prevented Dr. 
 Haynes's father from tak- 
 ing an active part in the 
 War of the Rebellion, 
 though the family was rep- 
 resented by three uncles, 
 one of whom suffered all 
 the horrors of Anderson- 
 ville Prison. 
 
 John R. Haynes is a na- 
 tive of Pennsylvania, having made his debut upon life's 
 stage in Philadelphia in 1853. He was reared in the " City 
 of Brotherly Love," being educated in the public schools of 
 the day, and later completing his education at the University 
 of Pennsylvania, graduating from that celebrated institution 
 of learning with the class of '74. He received two degrees, 
 that of Doctor of Philosophy, which was conferred upon him, 
 and later the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
 
 Immediately upon completing his studies at the university, 
 Dr. Haynes commenced the practice of his profession in his 
 native city, meeting with gratifying success. Too close 
 
 JOHN R. HAYNES. 
 
 application to his duties finally threatened to undermine his 
 health, and, accordingly, in 1887, he was compelled to relin- 
 quish his practice in the East and seek a more congenial 
 climate. The same year found him establishing himself in 
 Los Angeles, where he has since become a prominent figure, 
 not alone in his profession, but in a business way, through 
 the display of executive ability that has placed him upon the 
 directorate of many of the most successful financial, mining 
 and industrial institutions of this portion of the State. 
 
 From his youth to the present time Dr. Haynes has been 
 an earnest friend of education ; he has contributed, from time 
 to time, valuable articles to the Southern California Medical 
 Journal, and to publications of a similar nature in the East, 
 
 and his opinion is highly 
 esteemed in the Los Ange- 
 les County, the California 
 State, the American and the 
 Southern California Medi- 
 cal Associations, to all of 
 which he belongs. Since 
 opening an office in this 
 city, in 1887, to the present 
 time, Dr. Haynes has faith- 
 fully discharged the duties 
 devolving upon him. He 
 has met with great success, 
 and has demonstrated his 
 faith in the future c . Los 
 Angeles by making exten- 
 sive investments in both 
 city and country realty, and 
 his present holdings repre- 
 sent some of the choicest 
 business and resi d e n c e 
 property in the city. He 
 has done more than buy for 
 speculation he has im- 
 proved his property and 
 made it revenue-producing. 
 Among the various 'con- 
 cerns with which Dr. 
 Haynes is identified is the 
 American National Bank, 
 of which he is a director. 
 This institution, capitalized 
 with a million dollars, is a 
 most conservative and sub- 
 stantial financial house. The 
 Conservative Life Insurance 
 Company claims Dr. Haynes 
 as one of its directors, and 
 under the present manage- 
 ment this young financial giant is making rapid progress in 
 an entirely new field of insurance work. 
 
 The undeveloped mineral resources of the Southwest have 
 attracted his attention, and he is represented upon the direc- 
 torate of the Quartette group of mines in Southeastern 
 Nevada. Dr. Haynes has been one of the foremost promoters 
 of the oil industry in the State since its inception. He is a 
 director of the Simi Crude Oil Company, that has extensive 
 holdings in the Simi Valley. He is largely interested in the 
 Union Oil Company and many others operating in this 
 section of the State, which, through his liberal support, have 
 
MEN OI- ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 63 
 
 grown and developed. This brings into prominence the 
 generous side of Dr. Haynes's nature, and it commands the 
 admiration of the character student no less than that element 
 which has made him successful as a financier and prominent 
 in his profession. He is not a man of ostentation. What 
 he does for his fellow-man is the expression of generous 
 and noble impulse, and is done as inconspicuously as pos- 
 sible. 
 
 In 1897 Dr. Haynes and a number of the leading physi- 
 cians and surgeons of Los Angeles organized the California 
 
 occupying a similar position in the California Resort and 
 Health Company, popularly known as " Idyllwild," which 
 occupies a beautifully-located piece of land among the pines 
 of the San Jacinto range. Both of these enterprises have 
 been remarkably successful, and have done much to advance 
 the interests of Los Angeles as a health and pleasure resort. 
 Dr. Haynes is a California!! in the sincerest sense of the 
 word. He devotes his energies to the upbuilding of the 
 State that has restored his health and given him the marked 
 success that he has attained in both business and profes- 
 
 RESIDENCE OF DR. JOHN R. HAYNES. 
 
 Hospital Association, and immediately erected the handsome 
 and well-equipped California Hospital. 
 
 Twice since its inception it has been necessary to erect 
 additional buildings, and the California Hospital now has 
 accommodations for several hundred patients, and enjoys the 
 distinction of being one of the best appointed and most modern 
 institutions of its kind in the country. Dr. Haynes has taken 
 an active part in promoting its best interests since its 
 organization ; he is a director of the institution, besides 
 
 sional circles. And Los Angeles has few citizens who have 
 done more for the general weal than he has. Few progressive 
 or moral movements inaugurated in recent years have lacked 
 his support, in both a material and an influential sense ; nor 
 has any enterprise to which he has given his consideration 
 failed of success. He has a beautiful home in one of the 
 choicest residence sections of the city, famed for its hand- 
 some residences. Socially, Dr. Haynes is no less prominent 
 than in the professional or business realm. 
 
64 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 NILES PEASE. 
 
 THE commercial life of Los Angeles and of Southern 
 California has been quickened by the best talent culled 
 from the Eastern business channels; and to have made 
 a marked success in commercial ventures in the midst of such 
 talent of itself speaks volumes for one's business sagacity and 
 
 NILES PEASE. 
 
 foresight. To the men of affairs who have come out from the 
 practical, methodical East, and who have cast their lot with 
 this city, freely using their means in giving a permanent base 
 to the city's growth, Los Angeles owes a debt of gratitude. 
 
 In the coterie of men whose names have become synony- 
 mous with the business life and larger commercial interests 
 of Los Angeles, is Niles Pease, the veteran furniture mer- 
 chant. The birthplace of Niles Pease was near Thompson- 
 ville, Connecticut; the date was October 13, 1838. He is 
 the grandson of Simeon Pease, a Revolutionary soldier. The 
 first eighteen years of Niles Pease's life were spent in his 
 native locality, where he attended the public schools. He 
 then learned the tinsmith trade, and later he opened a busi- 
 ness establishment in his native town for the manufacture 
 of tinware and the sale of stoves and heating fixtures. 
 
 This enterprise grew to large proportions, and in connection 
 with the store Mr. Pease had a system of wagons carrying 
 supplies over routes in various parts of the State, through 
 which his outside business was largely built up. After several 
 years a line of furniture was added to the establishment, and 
 this proved so successful that eventually it was made the main 
 branch of the Pease concern. For almost a quarter of a cen- 
 tury Niles Pease conducted a continuous business in his native 
 
 town. He then sold his interests there and decided to cast 
 his lot with the people of the Pacific Slope. 
 
 Mr. Pease came to Los Angeles in 1884, and was made a 
 member of the Los Angeles Furniture Company, which opened 
 a store on South Spring street. This was the beginning of a 
 long and honorable business career in this city. The follow- 
 ing year the other partners in the company sold their interests 
 to Mr. Pease, and he greatly increased the extent of his 
 establishment. With his long experience and keen business 
 foresight, Mr. Pease commanded a growing trade, and finally 
 was compelled to have a building erected especially for his 
 own use. 
 
 This building, which was erected by L. Harris, at No. 439 
 South Spring street, is a handsome five-story structure, 
 arranged especially for the Niles Pease Company, which uses 
 all floors for the display of its large stock. In September, 
 1897, the Niles Pease Furniture Company was incorporated. 
 The organization included Mr. Pease and his children. The 
 firm holds a high position in the business circles of Los 
 Angeles, and has built up a business which extends into all 
 parts of Southern California and well out into Arizona. 
 
 Mr. Pease is a Thirty-second Degree Mason, and has long 
 been prominent in that order. In politics he affiliates with the 
 Republican party. In 1876 he was elected from his home 
 district in Connecticut as representative to the State Legisla- 
 ture. He has always maintained a lively interest in public 
 affairs, and has been a generous helper for many worthy local 
 charities. His church connection is with the Unitarian 
 society, and he has served as a trustee of this church for 
 several years. 
 
 Mr. Pease has been interested in several local enterprises 
 outside of his extensive furniture business. He is a director 
 of the Columbian Savings Bank ; a prominent member of the 
 Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, and president for the 
 past two years of the Merchants' and Manufacturers' Associa- 
 
 RESIDENCE OF NILES PEASE. 
 
 tion. Ever since deciding to ally himself with the commercial 
 interests of this city, Niles Pease has taken a deep interest 
 in the city's advancement, and has added the force of a solid, 
 substantial man of affairs to the municipality's growth. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 65 
 
 E. P. CLARK. 
 
 IN CONTEMPLATING the wonderful growth of Los 
 Angeles, and the causes contributing thereto, it were 
 superficial to attribute the development of the city entirely 
 to the climatic conditions with which a beneficent nature has 
 endowed it, though that feature must perforce be conceded 
 as a necessary element. Hut that there is some element nec- 
 essary to co-operate with Nature in the production of a South- 
 western metropolis is amply evidenced by the fact that 
 Nature had endowed it with a beauty and grandeur which 
 baffled portrayal, long before it was taken advantage of by 
 man. Industry and enterprise, administered by the hand of 
 man. have brought about miraculous changes in this section 
 of the State, and in exploiting the advantages of Los Angeles 
 the public recognize no less an obligation in paying fitting 
 tribute to the men who 
 have supplemented Nature in 
 the distribution of her 
 bounties, than in proclaim- 
 ing the marvelous record it 
 has established of being one 
 of the most progressive 
 cities of the world today. 
 Among those who may be 
 properly classed under this 
 category, few have contrib- 
 uted in a more generous de- 
 gree than the man whose 
 name introduces this biog- 
 raphy. 
 
 Eli P. Clark was born 
 near Iowa City, Iowa, No- 
 vember 25, 1847. At that 
 time Iowa was " way out 
 West " four-fifths of the 
 State was vast, uninhabited 
 prairies, rich and beautiful 
 in all their wildness. We 
 of today little realize what 
 were the experiences of 
 those who lived on the 
 western frontier, when it is 
 remembered that it was not 
 till 1858 that the first rail- 
 road to cross the Mississippi 
 River was the Rock Island 
 and Pacific, at Davenport, 
 Iowa. 
 
 In 1855 his parents moved farther west to Grinnell, a new 
 town, where it was planned to have the best educational 
 advantages in the State, and where soon Iowa College was 
 established. As a boy he grew up here among influences 
 that were well calculated to inspire ambitions. After attend- 
 ing the public schools he entered the college. During his 
 college days he taught his first school in the winter of his 
 eighteenth year, and attributes the greatest lesson of his life 
 to that experience. 
 
 Two years later the family moved to Southwest Missouri 
 to escape the rigors of the severe Iowa winters. Here he 
 engaged with his father in farming, in the winter teaching 
 school. 
 
 In the spring of 1875 he left his home in company with a 
 party to cross the plains for Arizona. This was before rail- 
 
 ELJ r. CLARK 
 
 roads and when travel was fraught with danger from lawless 
 bands of white men as well as treacherous Indians. After 
 many thrilling experiences, during a three months' journey 
 by way of the old Santa Fe and Fort Wingate trail, the party 
 reached Prescott August n. 
 
 Almost his first acquaintance was his present partner and 
 brother-in-law, Moses H. Sherman, who was principal of the 
 Prescott High School, the first public school organized in the 
 Territory. Mr. Clark first engaged in merchandising and 
 was acting postmaster for nearly a year. In the winter of 
 '77 and '78 he formed the partnership of Clark & Adams, 
 dealers in and manufacturers of lumber, at one time operat- 
 ing three sawmills in that part of the Territory and doing 
 an extensive business throughout the Territory. 
 
 Mr. Clark has been all his 
 life a staunch Republican. 
 In 1877 he was chosen Ter- 
 ritorial Auditor, succeeding 
 himself four terms and fill- 
 ing the office for ten years. 
 It was during these years 
 that he formed the acquaint- 
 ance of Gen. Fremont while 
 he was Governor of Ari- 
 zona, and counts the ac- 
 quaintance and official rela- 
 tions with Gen. Fremont 
 among the most pleasant of 
 his experience. 
 
 By Territorial enactment 
 he became ex-officio State 
 Assessor and made special 
 study of the subject of as- 
 sessment and taxa t i o n. 
 Many of his recommenda- 
 tions for their improvement 
 are now the law of the land. 
 In 1880 he formed his 
 most important partnership 
 when on April 8 of that 
 year his marriage with 
 Miss Lucy H. Sherman 
 was celebrated ; and with 
 their family of three 
 daughters and one son they 
 have a large circle of 
 friends and acquaintances 
 in this city. 
 
 Mr. Clark early became interested in the matter of rail- 
 road facilities for Arizona, and was active in procuring 
 favorable legislation to encourage the building of a road 
 from Prescott to Maricopa, and afterward was instrumental 
 in having a bill passed in the Legislature of 1885 granting a 
 subsidy of $4000 per mile for a road to be built from Pres- 
 cott to connect with the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. He 
 helped to organize the first company and became its first 
 secretary and treasurer, and turned the organization over to 
 Thos. S. Bullock, who financed and built the Prescott and 
 Arizona Central Railroad, which afterwards gave way to the 
 Santa Fe, Prescott and Phcenix Railroad, one of the best 
 railroad properties in the West. 
 
 In 1890 Gen. M. H. Sherman, his brother-in-law, while 
 in Los Angeles repeatedly wrote urgent letters, requesting 
 
66 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 him to join him in Los Angeles and engage in the street 
 railroad business. After much persuasion he consented, and 
 in January, 1891, arrived in Los Angeles, to begin the inaug- 
 uration of the present street railway system. To them belongs 
 the credit of having given to Los Angeles, and California as 
 well, the first successful electric railway ; even at that com- 
 paratively early date, when Los Angeles was a town of not 
 more than 40,000 people, these men in the face of much 
 hostile criticism, as well as active opposition, pushed ahead, 
 manifesting a faith in the future greatness of Los Angeles, 
 extending their city lines in all directions to their present 
 limits. 
 
 In 1895 they disposed of their interests in the local street 
 railway lines known as the Huntington lines, and devoted 
 their energies to interurban lines, building and equipping the 
 Pasadena road. The year following Mr. Clark took the first 
 steps for an electric line to Santa Monica by securing the 
 property of the old steam railroad known as the Los Angeles 
 and Pacific Railroad; and even in opposition to the judgment 
 and wishes of his partner and brother-in-law, succeeded in 
 convincing him that it was the thing to do, out of which per- 
 sistence, foresight and energy has grown the famous 
 " Balloon Route," the Los Angeles-Pacific Railroad lines, 
 covering the entire section of the county west and southwest 
 of Los Angeles, from Hollywood to Santa Monica Canon, 
 furnishing transportation to Santa Monica, Ocean Park, 
 Playa del Rey, Hermosa and Redondo, and comprising 
 
 upward of one hundred and fifty miles of as fine an electric . 
 railroad, fraught with greater possibilities, than can be found 
 anywhere in the United States. 
 
 It is freely admitted that it is largely due to his untiring, 
 persistent and never-give-up characteristics that the property 
 is what it is today. 
 
 The direct benefits that have accrued to this city and all 
 points reached by their lines are so many and so well known 
 that further commendation would be superfluous. Towns 
 have sprung up where before their lines were built were bar- 
 ley fields and shifting sand dunes. 
 
 In presenting the biography of E. P. Clark as one among 
 the men who may be said to have made Los Angeles, the 
 writer acts advisedly, for this city furnishes no more striking 
 example of enterprise and energy in advancing the interests 
 of the city than he; but it is not alone as a railroad man that 
 Mr. Clark merits recognition in these pages, for he has 
 been a contributor to the welfare of this community and a 
 factor in the growth and prosperity of Southern California 
 throughout his residence here. He has contributed to the 
 city's advantages as a tourist resort by sparing no expense 
 in the equipment of his electric Hues, and his ready response 
 to the constantly recurring demands upon public spirit has 
 marked him as a man who has at heart the weal of his 
 adopted home. He is a man of integrity in all his business 
 relations, and the confidence he inspires is the reflection of 
 worthy character. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HIRAM HIGGINS ON WILSHIRE BOULEVARD. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 67 
 
 CHARLES HENRY FROST. 
 
 LOS ANGELES, while surrounded by the advantages 
 with which a bountiful nature has endowed this section, 
 owes much of its growth and prosperity to the indomi- 
 table pluck and tenacity of the far-seeing and persevering 
 men of business and finance who have cast their lot with 
 the city and invested their means in the development of the 
 industries at our door. The city claims many such, and 
 prominent among them is the subject of this sketch, one 
 of the city's most progressive and capable business men. 
 
 A native of New York State, Mr. Frost first saw the light 
 of day in historic Ithaca, the present seat of that celebrated 
 institution of learning, Cornell University. At the age of 
 fourteen his parents removed to the newer country of Illinois, 
 where young Frost was educated and grew to manhood. 
 Upon reaching man's estate he engaged in business in 
 Chicago, at that time, 1861, a city of less than 250,000 pop- 
 ulation. To him belongs the 
 distinction of having erected and 
 operated the only pressed-brick 
 plant ever conducted in that 
 city. After spending twenty 
 years in business in Chicago and 
 having met with gratifying suc- 
 cess, he became attracted to the 
 splendid opportunities for in- 
 vestment in this city, and ac- 
 cordingly the year 1886 found 
 him a resident of Los Angeles. 
 
 Mr. Frost placed the utmost 
 confidence in the future -of the 
 city, and at once associated him- 
 self with the best interests of his 
 adopted home. Shcrt'y after his 
 arrival he organized the Los An 
 geles Pressed Brick Company, 
 and has since been its president 
 and manager. With rare judg- 
 ment he secured most desirable 
 locations, and a year ago mover! 
 to the corner of Date and Al- 
 hambra streets, and erected a 
 modern plant. The product was 
 no sooner placed on the market 
 than it created a demand, and it 
 scon became evident that the 
 plant would have to be material- 
 ly enlarged to fill advance orders. 
 
 CHARLES HENRY TROST. 
 
 erty, and assays of the clay show it to possess those elements 
 which are so essential for the manufacture of a superior 
 grade of fire-brick. This flint clay " mine " is one of less 
 than a dozen known to exist in this country. The product 
 of the plant finds a ready sale as far south as Tucson, 
 Arizona, and east as far as Ogden, on the Union Pacific 
 Railroad. The pressed brick made by this company is not 
 surpassed in the United States, and is in great demand 
 among the leading architects, contractors and builders of 
 this city. Its popularity is based upon the twofold con- 
 sideration of quality and economy, for the company meets 
 all competitors in both these respects. Among the prominent 
 buildings of Los Angeles into the construction of which 
 this firm's product has entered, are the new ten-story Hunt- 
 ington Building, which is the largest building erected west 
 of St. Louis, and the twelve-story Trust Building, corner of 
 
 Fourth and Spring streets ; in 
 fact, this firm supplies the 
 pressed brick for practi c a 1 1 y 
 every large building in this city. 
 Mr. Frost capitalized the com- 
 pany for $250,000, and has asso- 
 ciated with him in its manage- 
 ment such well-known financiers 
 as W. C. Patterson, President 
 of the Los Angeles National 
 Bank; I. N. Van Nuys, the 
 multi-millionaire, owner of the 
 famous hostelry of that name ; 
 Dr. Henry West Hughes, a 
 wealthy physician of this city, 
 together with Jas. Trwin, owner 
 of the San Joaquin io6,ooo-acre 
 ranch, the largest ranch in South- 
 rrn California today. All are men 
 of substantial character and re- 
 sources, and, with the other 
 stockholders, present one of the 
 strongest associations of busi- 
 ness talent in the city. 
 
 Mr. Frost's business career, 
 since making Los Angeles th'e 
 base of operations, has been one 
 of marked success. He has 
 manifested a discrimina ting 
 judgment in the selection of real 
 estate and associates, and his 
 
 This has been done as the business demanded it, until today holdings in this city and Pasadena number some of the 
 the plant is one of the largest and most complete in the United most desirable residence and business properties in those 
 States. The capacity of the plant is about 6,000,000 brick cities. He has invested his funds without stint in realty and 
 a year. The plant covers seventeen acres of ground and other forms of property, and in 1898 began the erection of the 
 possesses exceptionally good shipping facilities, with spurs Frost Building, the most imposing business block erected on 
 from both the Santa Fe and the Southern Pacific Railroads Broadway up to that time, and excelled by few in the city at 
 entering its yards The buildings are modern and the this date. The building is modern throughout, a half- 
 equipment of the latest type. All brick is fired by heat reproduction of it appearing elsewhere in this publication 
 generated from oil, and from sixty to seventy-five men are A handsome olive grove of 115 acres, situated near 
 furnished constant employment, over $1,000 a week being Toro, in Orange county, is the property of Mr. t 
 distributed in wages by the company. It is interesting to he has been prominent in the organization of a compar 
 know that the company owns 1600 acres of land in an through which the growers of large orchards hope to market 
 adjoining county, where it has uncovered and is mining their crops, both in the form of olive oil, and cam 
 a superior grade of non-plastic flint clay. There is a vein or pickled olives, for which there is such a ready , 
 over 3000 feet in length and 40 feet in width upon the prop- both locally and in the East. 
 
68 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 WILLIAM HAYES PERRY. 
 
 HERE follows a sketch of a pioneer of pioneers. Not 
 many of the American settlers of Los Angeles date 
 their arrival earlier than does W. H. Perry. There 
 are less than a dozen men alive today who were here when he 
 first entered the city. Indeed, it is doubtful if there are half 
 a dozen such. 
 
 William Hayes Perry was born in Newark, O., October 7, 
 1832. Here he obtained such schooling as was possible at that 
 early date, and then learned the cabinet-maker's trade. He 
 had not yet come of age when he heard the wonderful stories 
 being told of finding gold in the creeks of California. He 
 had to bide his time a bit, but as soon as he had reached his 
 majority and found it right to choose his way in the world, 
 his ambition led him to 
 take the overland jour- 
 ney and set his face to- 
 ward the new Eldorado. 
 This was in, 1853. A 
 party of fifty men and 
 five women was made up 
 at Council Bluffs, Iowa, 
 to cross the plains to 
 the Pacific Coast. Among 
 those with W. H. Perry 
 was the late Col. Hollis- 
 ter, of Santa Barbara. 
 The path lay by Salt 
 Lake ; thence by the 
 southern trail to San 
 Bernardino and Los An- 
 geles. The party had a 
 pretty large band of 
 sheep, cattle and horses, 
 which offered a constant 
 temptation to the In- 
 dians of the plains, who 
 made several attacks on 
 the party. The journey 
 took many months, and 
 not until February, 1854, 
 was Los Angeles 
 reached. Mr. Perry is 
 today one of the most 
 substantial business men 
 of Southern California, 
 but he does not hesitate 
 to say that he reached 
 Los Angeles not only 
 without a dollar, but 
 without a decent suit of 
 clothes. One of his stories of early days is the way he ob- 
 tained clothes suitable to present himself in. He walked 
 frankly into a clothing store, where he did not know a soul, 
 stated his case, and asked for a suit of common working 
 clothes on credit. The storekeeper must have been very 
 favorably impressed by the young man, for he not only fitted 
 him out as requested, but actually pressed on him a second 
 suit of better clothes for Sundays and for social occasions. 
 Thus provided for, he sought employment, and soon found it 
 at his trade. He worked at cabinet-making for a year, and 
 then securing as partner an acquaintance, opened the first 
 furniture store and factory in the town, under the name of 
 
 Brady & Perry. In 1858 Brady died, and the late Wallace 
 Woodworth entered the firm, which for twenty-five years was 
 Perry, Woodworth & Co. The original business o'f the firm 
 was making and selling furniture. It was progressive, and 
 more than kept pace with the growth of the community. This 
 firm imported, set up and set in motion the first steam engine 
 ever seen in Los Angeles. About 1865, the firm, with others, 
 organized a company to manufacture gas for the little city, 
 and this was a paying venture for years. In 1873 the furni- 
 ture factory was expanded into a lumber yard and mill. The 
 location was on Commercial street, running back to Requena, 
 where the modern plant stands today. On the death of Wal- 
 lace Woodworth, the enterprise was incorporated under the 
 
 style of the W. H. Perry 
 Lumber and Mill Com- 
 pany, and so it stands to- 
 day. As the city grew, 
 the plant was enlarged 
 until about six years 
 ago, when a disastrous 
 fire literally destroyed it. 
 Perry never knew defeat. 
 The fire resulted in the 
 installing of a new plant 
 modern in all respects, 
 with every labor-saving 
 device known in the mil! 
 business of today. The 
 lumber business of the 
 corporation at the pres- 
 ent time is probably 
 close to 100,000.000 feet 
 a year. 
 
 The ramifications of 
 the business are im- 
 mense. It is not merely 
 a lumber yard and mill- 
 ing concern. The W. H. 
 Perry Mill & Lumber 
 Co. owns its own timber 
 lands in various places 
 on the Coast. It has its 
 own logging camps, saw- 3 
 mills, vessels, wharves, 
 spur tracks to the rail-| 
 roads, and handles the 
 lumber from the tree to 
 the structure into which 
 the finished product 
 goes. 
 
 Mr. Perry also organized the Los Angeles and Humboldt 
 Lumber Company, with the object of sending lumber to all 
 points in Arizona. He also organized the Pioneer Lumber 
 and Mill Company of Colton, near Los Angeles, to supply 
 the country adjacent to that point. Another corporation 
 originated and controlled by him is the Los Angeles Storage, 
 Cement and Lumber Company, which supplies to the builders 
 of Los Angeles lime, plaster, fire-brick, cement, hair and 
 other materials used on buildings. 
 
 In 1868 the waters of the Los Angeles River had been 
 leased to a company, with the privilege of laying pipes in the 
 streets of the city and supplying water to the citizens. For 
 
 I'KRRV. 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 69 
 
 some ten years this company did not make any great headway, 
 but in 1879 Mr. Perry was made president of the company, 
 and, putting his energy into this company with other enter- 
 prises, applying business principles to the management and 
 making all necessary improvements to the plant, the corpora- 
 tion was put on an earning basis, which increased its effi- 
 ciency up to a few years ago, when the water reverted to the 
 city at the end of the term of the lease. Under the able gen- 
 eralship of Mr. Perry, the stockholders retired from the 
 water company very rich men. 
 
 W. H. Perry was at all times a firm believer in the great 
 future that lay before Los Angeles. From time to time he 
 made judicious investments in real estate in the city, and is 
 today one of the heaviest taxpayers in Los Angeles. His 
 real estate holdings represent a good many liberal slices of 
 the choicest business property in the city. He went into the 
 Farmers and Merchants Bank at an early date in its history, 
 and has been through all its years of progress and success 
 one of the substantial shareholders in the institution, a direc- 
 tor of its affairs most of the time, and one to whose mature 
 and sound business judgment his associates always lend an 
 attentive ear. When his friend, I. W. Helhnan, was induced 
 to remove to San Francisco and take the presidency of the 
 Nevada Bank in that city, Mr. Perry became a stockholder in 
 that, and also in the Union Trust Comoany, another San 
 Francisco institution under Mr. Hellman's guidance. In 
 connection with the water company, Mr. Perry organized the 
 Crystal Sorinp's Company, to develop water near the river 
 above the city. A fine body of pure water was secured which 
 added greatly to the domestic supply and gave the people a 
 much purer article than was the surface flow. This went to 
 the city with the transfer of the water plant. 
 
 !For fifty years there have been few important enterprises 
 and little development in Los Angeles with which Mr. Perry's 
 name has not been connected. Perhaps no man in the city 
 has been shareholder and director, vice-president and presi- 
 dent in so many corporations. When the oil industry came 
 into being he was among the first to lend his aid in its devel- 
 opment. The Reed Oil Company, the Slocan Oil Company, 
 the Kern Oil Company and the Western Union Oil Com- 
 pany have all felt the influence of his backing. 
 
 In 1858 W. H. Perry married Miss Elizabeth M. Dalton, 
 whose immediate family and their relatives were pioneer set- 
 tlers in Los Angeles city and county. The Daltons left their 
 mark on the history of the section in many ways. Nearly 
 half a century has passed over the heads of the youthful 
 bride and bridegroom of iS^S. They have been most event- 
 ful years to them and to Los Angeles. They still walk side 
 by side along the quiet paths where the shadows of life's 
 evening fall gently and neacefully around them. They have 
 two children living. The eldest is Mrs. C. M. Wood, who 
 from a child developed remarkable musical talents. Mr. 
 Perry sent her to Italy, and at Milan, under the tuition of Sig. 
 Giovanni, one of the most noted instructors of that city, her 
 beautiful voice was perfectly developed. Miss Perry made 
 her debut in Milan, and during her engagement there made 
 a most favorable impression on the musical world. The 
 other child is Mrs. E. P. Johnson, Jr., of this city, and she, 
 as well as Mrs. Wood, has a most interesting family growing 
 up around her. 
 
 The home of Mrs. Perry and those cff her two daughters 
 are important factors in the social life of Los Angeles. High 
 cultivation and the kindliest hospitality lift them to a high 
 position among the refined homes of Los Angeles. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF HERMAN W. HELLMAN. 
 
70 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CHARLES SILENT. 
 
 THERE is an element of character in some men which 
 impels them to success, not through the blunders of 
 fortune or the possession of means, but through the 
 commanding qualities judgment, perseverance, industry. Cali- 
 fornia has been a rich field of opportunities for such men, 
 and it is not surprising that we find them so conspicuous 
 among the successful pioneers who have attained wealth and 
 prominence in the development of the Southwest. Among 
 those who may be enrolled under this head, Charles Silent 
 has always stood high and prominent, and as such 
 is no less worthy of presentation than as one among 
 the State's most energetic and progressive men of affairs. 
 A native of Baden, Charles 
 Silent made his debut upon 
 life's stage in 1843, but at 
 five years of age accom- 
 panied his parents to this 
 country, where the family 
 settled at Columbus, Ohio. 
 At the early age of twelve 
 it was necessary for the lad 
 to assist in providing for 
 the family, and his oppor- 
 tunities for schooling were 
 limited after that time. The 
 year 1856 marked one of the 
 greatest influxes of immi- 
 gration to this State that 
 had ever been known, and 
 among the throng that bat- 
 tled for a foothold in the 
 young commonwealth was 
 the future United States 
 Judge, then a slender lad of 
 thirteen. The journey was 
 made by way of Panama, 
 and San Francisco was 
 reached in the summer of 
 '56. The metropolis of the 
 Pacific Coast did not prove 
 so attractive to the boy as 
 the mining regions of Ama- 
 dor county, and thither he 
 wended his way shortly 
 after his arrival in the 
 State. 
 
 Having early dec i d e d 
 upon a professional career, 
 he worked and saved with 
 the one idea of obtaining 
 the wherewithal to complete his studies. At the age of 
 seventeen he had secured a teacher's certificate, and for the 
 ensuing three years devoted his time to teaching, during his 
 spare moments diligently studying, and saving his money with 
 a view of going to college before completing his law studies. 
 In 1862 he entered the sophomore class of the University of 
 the Pacific, at Santa Clara, and upon leaving the university 
 accepted the position of principal of the Santa Clara public 
 schools, holding the same until 1866. While teaching school 
 he took up the study of law, and after completing a course 
 of reading entered the law office of S. F. & J. Reynolds, in 
 San Francisco, as a student. He returned to Santa Clara 
 
 CHARLES SILENT 
 
 and was appointed one of the Deputy County Clerks, in which 
 position he familiarized himself with pleading and practice, 
 and with the public records of the county. In 1868 he was 
 admitted to the bar, and immediately became a member of 
 the law firm of Moore & Laine, one of the leading firms of 
 lawyers of San Jose. After ten years of successful practice 
 in San Jose, Mr. Silent was appointed one of the judges of 
 the Supreme Court of Arizona. In 1880, after having filled 
 the position for two years, he resigned to commence practice 
 at the bar in Tucson, where he established a successful and 
 remunerative clientele, which he was obliged to relinquish 
 in 1883, owing to failing health. After two years spent in 
 
 travel and recreation, Judge 
 Silent had so far recuper- 
 ated as to again determine 
 to enter the legal circles, 
 and selected Los Angeles as 
 his home, where he has 
 since resided and been ac- 
 corded a prominent place 
 among the most conspic- 
 uous figures at the bar. 
 
 While living at San Jose 
 he was ever active in public 
 affairs which tended to the 
 upbuilding of the commu- 
 nity. He was the originator 
 and became one of the 
 owners of the street rail- 
 road between San Jose and 
 Santa Clara, which was one 
 of the first street railroads 
 constructed south of San 
 Francisco. He was active 
 in matters relating to the 
 public schools, the widening 
 and beautifying of the 
 streets, the construction of 
 capacious and permanent 
 sewers, the establishment 
 and construction of the 
 State Normal School, the 
 first in the State. He de- 
 vised the plan and secured 
 the passage of a law by 
 which the city of San Jose 
 constructed a beautiful drive 
 a distance of six miles to 
 its great public park. He 
 was the head of a corpora- 
 tion, which, under his supervision, constructed the railroad 
 from Santa Cruz along the San Lorenzo River to the town 
 of Felton, which is now a part of the railroad running from 
 Santa Cruz across the mountains to Oakland. It was through 
 his foresight that the Santa Cruz Mammoth Trees, which lie 
 along this road, were saved from the sawmill and were pre- 
 served as a pleasure resort. 
 
 Since removing to Los Angeles he has been identified with 
 the best interests of his adopted home. He has long been 
 a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and has taken a 
 keen and active interest in the proceedings of that organiza- 
 tion. When, in 1897, many unemployed men roamed the 
 
MEN Or ACHIEVEMENT IN 7777: GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 71 
 
 streets seeking work, .he organized a movement through the 
 Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association looking to their 
 r. lief, and through his strenuous efforts a large sum was 
 raised to furnish them with employment in beautifying the 
 entrance to one of the city's show places, Elysian Park. The 
 Merchants' and Manufacturers' Association, in recognition of 
 his good work in this connection, made him an honorary life 
 member. 
 
 Aside from a most remunerative law practice. Judge Silent 
 has evidenced a business ability that has redounded to the 
 immediate benefit of the city and State, as well as to his own 
 private fortune. In laying out Chester Place, he gave to the 
 city one of the most attractive and beautiful residence tracts 
 
 influence of Judge Silent could have avoided drifting into 
 politics. Few men similarly situated would have withstood 
 the temptation, but if political honors were a temptation to 
 Mr. Silent, we cannot say. Certain it is that there have 
 been times in recent years that he might have accepted 
 preference in the political realms with the warm sup- 
 port of his fellow-citizens, regardless of party affiliation. 
 Whatever his estimate of their value, he has not permitted 
 political possibilities to deflect him from his chosen sphere 
 of usefulness. From this it must not be inferred that he 
 takes no interest in politics, for, on the contrary, he is a 
 staunch Republican, and an able defender of the tenets of 
 his party. 
 
 RESIDENCE or CHARLES SILENT, CHESTER PLACE. 
 
 in the city. Here he has his home, and the accompanying 
 illustration will show its many architectural features in detail. 
 Judge Silent is identified with numerous enterprises, that but 
 for his liberal aid would never have been inaugurated, or, at 
 best, would have proved failures. This brings into promi- 
 nence the generous side of his nature, and it commands the 
 admiration of the character student no less than the element 
 which has made him eminent as a jurist. He is net the type 
 of man to court or brook ostentation. 
 
 It has been marveled that a man possessing the wealth and 
 
 America boasts no titled aristocracy. Her nobility are self- 
 made men, whose careers emblazon the pathway to success, 
 whose achievements are a stimulus to incentive, and emulation 
 of whom is the sesame to fortune. Scores of names are 
 inscribed upon California's scroll of fame, and few are better 
 entitled to the distinction than the pioneers of the early 
 'So's. In many respects the career of Charles Silent may 
 well point the road to success to the coming generations 
 of young men. 
 
72 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 JOHN PERCIVAL JONES. 
 
 THE following sketch brilliantly illustrates two things : 
 the supreme value of personal character and native 
 ability, and the equal opportunity every man enjoys 
 under American institutions to achieve success whether he 
 be rich or poor, or whether or not he has powerful family 
 ties and personal friends to aid him in his career. The life 
 here portrayed shows that a man of ability and steady 
 purpose may reach the highest round on the ladder of fame 
 with no support to rest upon outside his own God-given 
 powers and unwavering efforts. 
 
 January 27, 1829, there was born in a small village, The 
 Hay, in Herefordshire, England, a male child. There was 
 little in the birth to in- 
 dicate any promise of an 
 unusual career. It was a 
 birth not to exalted station, 
 and whatever family influ- 
 ence or the aids derived 
 from personal friendship 
 might avail the child in 
 later years was taken away 
 by the removal of the fam- 
 ily to a distant land before 
 the boy had reached the 
 end of his first year. But 
 he came of the sturdy stock 
 of the borderland between 
 England and Wales, where 
 sturdy stock grows. The 
 family name, Jones, indi- 
 cates a strong strain of 
 the ancient blood of the 
 Britains, Celts, Scots or 
 Cambrians who inhabited 
 the British Isles before 
 Ceaser, Horsa, Karaite or 
 any soul of other race set 
 foot upon the soil. 
 
 The child was named 
 John Percival Jones, and 
 while still an infant in arms 
 was transplanted to Amer- 
 ica, the family settling in 
 Ohio, near Cleveland. It 
 was a rude community there 
 and a hard life seventy-five 
 years ago. Opportunities 
 were not as now to gain 
 knowledge of books or of 
 life save in its less devel- 
 oped conditions. But the 
 desire for knowledge was a burning one in the race of 
 which this child came. In early youth he had all the 
 advantages the glorious public schools of the United States 
 afforded to all the children who grow up beneath the flag, 
 no matter how remote from great cities the home may be, 
 or how straitened circumstances may be around the 
 hearthstone. Twenty years had not passed over the boy's 
 young head when the story of the discovery of gold in Cali- 
 fornia reached his ears, as he performed his duties in a 
 Cleveland bank. The fact that he had found employment in 
 a bank indicates that he began to aspire at an early age, and 
 that the aim of his ambition was high. But the tale of gold 
 in mill sluices on the Pacific Coast instead of in bank trays 
 
 JOHN PERCIVAL JONES. 
 
 as in Cleveland excited the attention of young Jones as it 
 did that of thousands of other venturesome and resolute souls. 
 But the gold in the bank trays did not belong to the boy, 
 and he had not a fortune in his pockets. To reach the 
 mountain streams of California where the gold lay free for 
 anyone to take who had the hardihood to bear fatigue and 
 hunger was a long and costly journey, beset with many 
 perils. The young bank clerk was not to be deterred by 
 dangers nor held back by difficulties, however great. He and 
 others of the same stamp procured at Cleveland a small bark, 
 the Eureka, and set sail on the waters of Lake Erie, passed 
 out the Welland Canal, down the St. Lawrence River into 
 
 the broad and stormy 
 North Atlantic. After many 
 months of battling with the 
 waters through countless 
 hardships, including ship- 
 wreck and exposure to the 
 elements on sea and land, 
 stormy Cape Horn was 
 rounded in ice-bound mid- 
 winter, and in undue time, 
 for they were long on the 
 way, the young argonauts 
 cast anchor in the Bay of 
 San Francisco. Jones did 
 not linger among the pit- 
 falls of the little town, but 
 hastened away to the mines 
 in the northern Sierras. 
 This was in the spring of 
 1850. But " gold is where 
 it is found " was a discov- 
 ery .made by the young 
 miner, and it is not in 
 every stream nor on every 
 hillside. For years a hard 
 struggle was maintained in 
 a search for the coveted 
 treasure that would have 
 proved hopeless to a less 
 resolute spirit. Nor were 
 the young miner's aims all 
 for self. The interests of 
 the community had a prom- 
 inent place in his mind. In 
 those rough davs the office 
 of sheriff in a mining com- 
 munity was not a sinecure, 
 but John P. Jones was 
 sought by the citizens of 
 Trinity county to perform the strenuous duties of the office, 
 and he performed them well. In another portion of the 
 State his services on behalf of the public were sought and 
 he went to Sacramento as a member of the Legislature. 
 There were "bad men" in the mining camps of the white 
 men, and troublesome and dangerous Indians in the moun- 
 tain fastnesses. Many a hard experience Jones had with 
 these elements, as had every honest, law-abiding citizen of 
 the new State into which 80,000 people, mostly men, all 
 strangers one to another, nearly all without family ties, and 
 from all nations on earth, and all ranks of society, poured 
 in a few months. 
 
 Seventeen years of this life full of trials, toils, dangers, 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 73 
 
 disappointments passed, and the young head hegan to be less 
 glossy, less full of the glorious locks of youth. John P. 
 Jones was now thirty-eight years old, in the prime of life, 
 ripe in various experiences of the most varied character, but 
 far from a millionaire. The news of the discovery of the 
 great Comstock Lode in Nevada floated over the Sierras, and 
 Jones sought there new fields of adventure at an early date 
 in their history. Fortune seemed to have decided to smile 
 more favorably on the persistent spirit which wrestled with 
 the fickle goddess as Jacob did with the angel and would 
 not let go until he attained the coveted blessing. Senator 
 Jones is not given to talking freely about what he has had or 
 has of this world's goods, but those who are conversant with 
 the history of the Pacific Coast know that he has made half 
 a dozen large fortunes in his day. But John P. Jones is 
 not the kind of man to hold onto money like a pawnbroker. 
 He has never passed as a professional philanthropist, but he 
 has been a practical one. He has realized that money has 
 
 most skillful parliamentarian in the Senate. His part in 
 the debates on the tariff discussion is a memorable one, and 
 there was probably no other Senator more respected by the 
 Free Traders than he. For Jones to cast his gauntlet down 
 in the Senate caused dismay among the ablest men in the 
 Democratic ranks. He was not an orator in the usual 
 acceptation of the term, but he was surcharged with facts 
 which he arrayed with masterly skill and consummate force 
 in so practical a manner as to make successful contention 
 impossible. He carried conviction to the minds of his 
 hearers. The injection of the Free Silver discussion into 
 politics in 1896 caused Senator Jones to break with his old- 
 time party alliances and join the hosts of his former political 
 antagonists. Republicans who arraign Senator Jones for this 
 would do well to remember that he was a Free Silver 
 advocate before it became a party measure, when many others 
 on his side of the Senate leaned the same way. 
 
 Senator Jones was from a great silver State, although his 
 
 RESIDENCE 01' SENATOR JOHN P. JONES AT SANTA MONICA, CAL. 
 
 little good unless, like the mountain stream in vigorous mo- 
 tion to bless the valley below, refreshing it in every way, 
 it is put to some good use where men may enjoy its blessings. 
 
 In 1860 Mr. Jones and Col. R. S. Baker came into pos- 
 session of the San Vincente Rancho at Santa Monica. A 
 good wharf was constructed there soon after and a railroad 
 begun to pass through Los Angeles to Salt Lake. The Jay 
 Cook failure a few years after brought this great public enter- 
 prise to an end, and Senator Jones lost a large sum in the col- 
 lapses that followed. But the loss of a fortune meant little to 
 so capable and energetic a man. He made another before long. 
 
 The title used above, " Senator," may seem premature in 
 this case, but it is scarcely so. In 1873 the people of Nevada 
 sent John P. Jones to the United States Senate, and he has 
 worn the toga continuously from that time to a year ago. 
 He sat in the august body, the Senate of the United States, 
 for thirty years, rivaling the career of Thomas H. Benton 
 of Missouri in older days. In politics Senator Jones was a 
 Republican and was one of the most powerful debaters and 
 
 own interests were wrapped up in gold mines to a large 
 extent. It js not intended here to convey the idea that self- 
 interest led him to espouse a cause. But we should not for- 
 get that our opinions are influenced by our environment in 
 spite of all we can do to guard against that influence. 
 
 In business one of Senator Jones' more great enterprises 
 has been with two or three others, to make the first opening 
 of the great Treadwell mines in Alaska. 
 
 Now at the ripe old age of seventy-five Senator Jones 
 enjoys a well-earned retirement from the turmoil of political 
 life. His distinguished career is a full justification of Amer- 
 ican institutions. Without an elaborate education, by native 
 talent and personal effort he was able to develop into a states- 
 man of the first rank; a most effective parliamentary debater 
 and a recognized authority on economic subjects. Without 
 family or friendship except such as his own qualities of 
 character secured, he rose to the highest political honor in 
 the country excepting the Presidency, for which he is 
 debarred by birth. 
 
74 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 THOMAS R. BARD. 
 
 THOMAS ROBERT BARD was born at Chambersburg, 
 Pa., December 8, 1842, his parents being Robert M. 
 Bard and Elizabeth Little Bard of that place. The 
 boy was educated in the public schools of his native town 
 and in the Chambersburg Academy, from which he was 
 graduated at the head of his class at the age of eighteen. He 
 then took a course in law with a firm in his home town. He 
 did not, however, follow the practice of his profession, but in 
 1861 was appointed transportation agent of the Cumberland 
 Valley Railroad, with headquarters at Hagerstown, Md. This 
 was the year of the breaking out of the Civil War, and young 
 Bard was right in the 
 storm center of the 
 eventful struggle in 
 this border State. He 
 came from sturdy 
 North of Ireland stock, 
 and did not hesitate for 
 a moment as to his 
 course. His moral na- 
 ture and sense of re- 
 sponsibility had been 
 too well developed at 
 the knee of his relig- 
 ious parents to permit 
 him, young though he 
 was, to flinch from 
 duty. He was a staunch 
 and openly-decl a r e d 
 Union man, in the 
 midst of an excited 
 population torn in two 
 by the conflicting pas- 
 sions of the strife. 
 
 In 1864 Thomas R. 
 Bard was selected by 
 the late Col. Thomas 
 A. Scott to send to 
 California to look after 
 his many land interests 
 in this section. Here 
 has been his home ever 
 since. It was not his 
 first visit to the Pa- 
 cific Coast, for he had 
 previous to this mar- 
 ried Miss Mary B. 
 Gerberding, of San 
 Francisco, whose father 
 was heavily interested 
 in lands in Ventura 
 county. 
 
 For forty years Mr. Bard has been a very prominent figure 
 in 'all that was done to develop that part of the State. In 
 the early days he was active in sheep raising and wool 
 production. This naturally led to the building of wharves 
 and warehouses at Hueneme, which largely owes its existence 
 and growth to Mr. Bard's enterprising methods of business. 
 And the natural concomitant of the development of Hueneme 
 and Ventura was the banking business, and in the organizing 
 of substantial and conservative banks he was most active. 
 
 Soon after the advent of Thomas R. Bard into the State, 
 
 there were efforts to develop the oil deposits thought to exist 
 near Santa Barbara. These efforts proved futile. But before 
 1880 the Pacific Coast Oil Company, operating in Pico Canon 
 near Newhall, succeeded in finding oil at that place. Later 
 work was begun in the Puente field, in the eastern part of 
 Los Angeles county, and with encouraging results. This 
 success gave great impetus to an industry now so flourishing, 
 which has been of so great importance to Southern California. 
 Work was begun in Ventura county soon after 1880, and a 
 year or two later Lyman Stewart and others organized the 
 Sespe Oil Company, to operate in the canon of that name 
 
 in the mountains of 
 Ventura county. Mr. 
 Bard and Mr. Stewart 
 were friend's a n d 
 neighbors, with confi- 
 dence in each other, 
 and Mr. Bard at once 
 joined his friend in 
 this important enter- 
 prise. It called for 
 supreme courage to go 
 on with this work and 
 achieve success. The 
 ground was difficult to 
 bore in, and the wells 
 had to be sunk as low 
 as 2700 feet to reach 
 the oil. In 1886 the 
 same operators, Mr. 
 Bard one of them, un- 
 dertook similar "work 
 in Torrey Canon and 
 with similar success. 
 By this time the nil 
 business had become 
 very important, and the 
 promise for the future 
 was bright. The Mis- 
 sion Transfer Com- 
 pany was bought out 
 by the Sespe and Tor- 
 rey Cation Company to 
 convey the oil from 
 the wells to tide wa- 
 ter. It was now 
 thought well to reor- 
 ganize the (three com- 
 panies into one, to be 
 known as the Union 
 Oil Company, to take 
 over the business of 
 the others. In all the development of the oil industry in 
 California the Union Oil Company has played an important 
 part. A pipe line was built to Hueneme and a tank steamer 
 constructed to carry the oil to the refinery near San Fran- 
 cisco. Attention was turned to the by-products of petroleum, 
 and the Union Oil Company, at great cost and with much 
 patience in the face of partial failure sure to be met in such 
 enterprises, secured the services of Dr. Salathiel, a Swiss 
 chemist, put in a plant at Santa Paula and conducted careful 
 experiments, out of which came very important discoveries. 
 
 THOMAS R. BARD. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 75 
 
 Mr. Bard gave liberally of his means and time to these experi- 
 mental investigations, as he had to the work of uncovering 
 the oil sands in the canons, being a large stockholder and 
 efficient director in the Union Oil Company during these 
 years. 
 
 Thomas R. Bard has been an ardent and consistent Repub- 
 lican at all times since his early years during war times in 
 Maryland. He never sought office for himself, but all polit- 
 ical honors have sought him, not he them. He was always 
 content to be a faithful, hard-working private in the ranks. 
 In 1892 he was one of the electors on the Republican Presi- 
 dential ticket, and while, in that year, so memorable in na- 
 tional politics, the State went Democratic, Mr. Bard reached 
 the remarkable distinction of being the exception to the rule, 
 and was the only Republican elector chosen by the people. It 
 is not often that any man's popularity with the people carries 
 him so far ahead of his colleague.* in a national election. 
 
 In IQCO. when the California Legislature met at San Fran- 
 cisco, a peculiar condition existed. The war with Spain had 
 been fought and won. President McKinley's administration 
 had been very satisfactory to the people, nowhere more so 
 than in California. Few thoughtful, intelligent people of 
 the State desired a change in the national administration. 
 The Legislature was largely Republican in both houses, and 
 the successor to United States Senator Stephen M. White 
 
 was sure to be a Republican. Powerful influences had been 
 put forth to secure a Legislature favorable to a certain citizen 
 of the State. This citizen was bitterly opposed by a large 
 portion of the party, and it may be said the better, more 
 patriotic majority of the Republican voters. Democratic 
 politicians were very generally on the side of this candidate. 
 A protracted conflict took place, and several candidates 
 entered the lists in hopes of winning the greatly-coveted prize. 
 Thomas R. Bard remained at his home in Ventura county, 
 attending to his many absorbing business interests connected 
 with his great ranch, and probably thinking less of being 
 United States Senator than of any other possible event. But 
 his name was known to all the members of the Legislature; 
 his integrity was a thing beyond dispute or question. When 
 the Legislature became weary of the prolonged contest, it 
 was a great relief to the people of California, and in no sense 
 a surprise, that they should turn to the successful Ventura 
 business man, and by a unanimous vote elected Thomas 
 Robert Bard to the high office he now occupies. 
 
 Senator Bard has worn the toga with dignity during the 
 three years since then. He has won an enviable distinction 
 as a member of that august body composed of men of over- 
 towering ability and influence. So well has Senator Bard 
 borne himself that he has won the esteem and enthusiastic 
 applause of his constituents. 
 
 AN ARTISTIC LOS ANGELES HOME. 
 
7 6 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 M. H. SHERMAN. 
 
 1 HE schoolmaster is abroad," said Lord John Russell, 
 more than fifty years ago. He has been very much 
 abroad in all the years that have passed since then. 
 He is abroad today more than ever before. Nor is there 
 any sane and intelligent man who will question the statement 
 
 that the world has been very greatly the gainer by the pres- door. 
 
 of a schoolmaster should be a motive for rejoicing to all of 
 us who have been so greatly benefited by the high and un- 
 selfish labors of the guild. This little sketch is to tell of the 
 successes achieved by a schoolmaster in high and arduous 
 paths that have led his footsteps far from the schoolhouse 
 
 'NVKH3HS - H 
 
 'N30 
 
 ence of the schoolmaster in all the best and most progressive 
 portions of this old world of ours. Life has been sweetest 
 and its joys brightest wherever the influences of the school 
 have been felt most. The recognition of a schoolmaster's 
 merits and any good luck or success that may fall to the lot 
 
 Moses H. Sherman was born in the town of West Rupert, 
 in Bennington county, Vermont, in 1854, J lls ' ' la 'f a century 
 ago. He was of sturdy, thrifty, prosperous New England 
 stock. His father had the New England idea of the great 
 value of a liberal education deeply rooted in his convictions. 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 77 
 
 The boy had about as good educational advantages as "the 
 day afforded. He made good use of his opportunities. His 
 school course finished, he went to Western New York and 
 engaged in the business of teaching school and giving to 
 other boys the advantages he had enjoyed. He made so good 
 a record as an educator that when A. P. K. Stafford was 
 appointed Governor of Arizona and found the school system 
 of the Territory in rather a chaotic condition, and cast about 
 for a man capable of organizing a thoroughly modern sys- 
 tem of public instruction for the Territory, the name of 
 Moses H. Sherman came to his ears as that of the most likely 
 man to perform this hard task. He was just past twenty, 
 little more than a boy, but a Yankee boy with a clear mind 
 and much pluck. So the early '70'$ saw Prof. Sherman duly 
 installed at Prescott. the capital of Arizona, polishing the 
 young and sometimes rough elements of frontier society into 
 intelligent and upright American citizens. Then came Gen, 
 John C. Fremont as Governor of the Territory, and he saw 
 Sherman was too bright and competent a man to confine 
 within the narrow limits of one school or one town; so he 
 made him Superintendent of Public Instruction, in order that 
 he might devote his time and talents to the work of evolving 
 a system of school work for Arizona. When his term of 
 appointment expired, the people elected him to another term 
 in the office. During the next few years Prof. Sherman went 
 over the whole Territory, organized a complete school sys- 
 tem, from the primary school to the university course, and all 
 on so broad, firm and modern a basis, that the system remains 
 today practically what he made it nearly thirty years ago. It 
 was hard work, and its completion found Sherman tired out. 
 He determined that as his work in this line was done, to 
 give up school teaching for good. 
 
 So Moses H. Sherman came down to Phoenix, which had 
 come to be the largest city in Arizona, and there he organ- 
 ized the Val'ey Bank of that place. He was thoroughly well 
 known to all the substantial oeople of the Territory, and he 
 had gained the confidence of these men without exception. 
 Capital to organize the new institution was easily raised, and 
 Sherman was elected president, an office which he held during 
 all the time that he remained in Phoenix. During these years 
 he took a leading part in organizing substantial companies to 
 put in water works, lighting plants and other public utilities 
 in that city. The Governors, no matter what their names, 
 would not allow so competent an organizer to escape from the 
 responsibilities of public life. For three successive terms 
 he was pressed into duty as Adjutant-General of Arizona, 
 and in this office he did for the militia what he had done for 
 the schools. The military system of Arizona owes its organi- 
 zation and the original laws which governed it to the energy 
 and genius of Gen. Sherman. 
 
 About 1889 Gen. Sherman was in Los Angeles on a visit, 
 more of a business nature than for pleasure. A syndicate of 
 Chicago capitalists had recently put in a costly and elaborate 
 system of cable street-railway lines. The winter of 'Sty-'go 
 was very wet, and the ground washed down steep street 
 grades into the cable conduit, choking them so the cars were 
 stopped for hours and even days. When put in motion the 
 sharp sand cut the heavy cables like cords, and wrought large 
 damage, as the cable systems cost $15,000 to $20.000. Sher- 
 man's quick business eye took in the situation. He knew of 
 the newly-devised electric system recently installed in certain 
 eastern cities to propel street cars. The cost per mile of 
 the new " trolley " road was less than half that of the cable 
 system. The cost of operating was less than half, as it re- 
 quired 60 per cent, or more of the power to drag the great 
 cables along the conduit without a car attached. Sherman 
 went to San Francisco, and in a few days had ample capital 
 
 enlisted to build a " trolley " system paralleling the cable 
 roads. With the aid of the late John A. Muir, always Sher- 
 man's close, trusted and dearly-loved friend, a franchise was 
 obtained and the work of construction begun. Times were 
 hard and Los Angeles seemed on the verge of a hard winter 
 for working people, when this new enterprise came in the very 
 nick of time, and as has often been the case before and since 
 in this city good genius saved her from depression. Gen. 
 Sherman was elected president of the Consolidated Electric 
 Railroad Company of Los Angeles, and held the office during 
 the entire period of its existence. The result of the new road 
 was in the end the absorption of the cable system, which 
 could by no means compete with the better system. The 
 bonds floated by Gen. Sherman at 90 cents in a short time 
 were worth $1.28, and made those who held them rich. Sher- 
 man's next big undertaking was an electric road from Pasa- 
 dena to Los Angeles, and this was extended through the city 
 and on to the beach at Santa Monica, making at that time the 
 largest electric railroad in the world, and extending almost 
 from the snow line on the mountain below to the music of 
 the waves on the beach. 
 
 So matters went until four years ago, when Gen. Sherman 
 entered into negotiations with H. E. Huntington and asso- 
 ciates, who purchased all his lines excepting that to Santa 
 Monica. In other pages of this work may be read the story 
 of Gen. Sherman's associate in all his ventures his brother- 
 in-law, E. P. Clark. These two progressive men have ren- 
 dered a service whose importance cannot be overestimated to 
 Los Angeles and the country around it. They are the true 
 founders of all the superb system of urban and interurban 
 roads which make this city and its environs unrivaled in the 
 world in respect to rapid transit. They still hold the line 
 from Lcs Angeles to Santa Monica, known as the Los Ange- 
 les-Pacific Railroad, with routes via Hollywood, Colegrove 
 and Sawtelle and the Soldiers' Home and what is known as 
 the " Short Line " to Ocean Park and Santa Monica. This 
 is the famous " Balloon Route," and is a most valuable piece 
 of property. The company has recently acquired a rival line 
 and enjoys a practical monopoly in its territory. Nearly a 
 million dollars have been spent by the company on its prop- 
 erty within the past year. 
 
 Some twenty years ago Gen. Sherman married a daughter of 
 E. H. Pratt, a distinguished citizen of San Francisco. Their 
 family consists of two sons, Robert and Hazeltine, and one 
 daughter. Miss Lucy. 
 
 Surely here is an inspiring story of the successful career of 
 a schoolmaster. Gen. Sherman today is in the very prime of 
 life, actually reveling in the hard work of a busy life, with 
 more substantial friends ready to join him or help him along 
 in his best undertakings than almost any ether man in the 
 State, and may well be envied the high place he occupies in 
 industrial world. He is the same modest, unassuming, 
 approachable, affable, kindly friend he was among his pupils 
 when a country school teacher. Spontaneously as one writes 
 this story, the verses of Longfellow's Psalm of Life rise in 
 the mind: 
 
 " The lives of great men all remind us 
 
 We can make our lives sublime, 
 And, denarting, leave behind us 
 Footprints on the sands of Time." 
 
 Nor are these words quoted to flatter the vanity of the 
 subject of this brief sketch. But the writer could not forget 
 the next verse that follows : 
 
 " Footsteps that perhaps another 
 
 Sailing o'er Life's solemn main, 
 
 A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, 
 
 Seeing, may take heart again." 
 
78 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 EDWIN T. EARL. 
 
 NO HISTORY of Southern California would be com- 
 plete without a sketch of Edwin T. Earl. The first 
 development of the resources of the State was in hor- 
 ticulture. The growth of population and wealth in all parts 
 of California, excepting the purely mining counties, was in 
 the orchards of the State. Los Angeles county vineyards in 
 1880 were paying $100 per acre and upward, and the orange 
 groves netted as high as $1000 per acre a year. These returns 
 naturally led to extensive planting. In consequence, it was 
 not long before there was more fruit of many kinds than 
 local markets would take at profitable prices. The same con- 
 ditions applied to the de- 
 ciduous fruit interests 
 north. The task of find- 
 ing a market for the sur- 
 plus fruit crops of Cali- 
 fornia was beset with 
 many complicat ions. 
 They grew 1000 to 3000 
 miles from the eastern 
 markets. California fruit 
 was considered a luxury 
 which only the rich 
 could use. It was of a 
 perishable nature, and 
 required great care in 
 handling. It would not 
 endure extremes of heat 
 or cold. The problem 
 of successful transporta- 
 tion proved the most dif- 
 ficult. Ca'ifcrnia fruit 
 had great merit as re- 
 gards appearance and 
 flavor. Experime n t a 1 
 shipments to eastern 
 mar k e t s demonstrated 
 that the fruit would sell 
 if delivered in good or- 
 der, at a reasonable co^t. 
 In 1880 the fruit ship- 
 ments to eastern mar- 
 kets were handled by 
 passenger train, at a cost 
 of about $900 per car to 
 Chicago, and from there 
 it was necessary to dis- 
 tribute the fruit by ex- 
 press, at additioral cost, 
 to markets further East. 
 The policy of the only 
 transcontinental road ex- 
 isting at that time was to charge all the " traffic would bear,'' 
 instead of fostering the industry and encouraging its devel- 
 opment. The fruit industry not only had high freight rates 
 to contend with, but was also greatly handicapped by not 
 having suitable cars for the proper preservation of the fruit 
 in transit. The only cars available were ventilated box cars. 
 When the temperature was just right, oranges could be 
 shipped East in such cars with fairly good results ; but when 
 the temperature was cold, the fruit would freeze en route, 
 and when the weather was hot the oranges would heat and 
 
 decay. In 1885 the fruit growers of the State looked the sit- 
 uation in the face with absolute despair. Production had 
 outgrown the local and Coast demand, and the only outlet 
 was the eastern market. High freight rates, unsuitable cars 
 and slow time made eastern shipments unprofitable. The 
 orange crop of Southern California during the winter and 
 spring of 1885 did not average the growers much over 50 
 cents per box on the trees. Many growers realized less than 
 this price. 
 
 At this juncture there came to Southern California the "one 
 n:a:i in ten thousand,' who saw the way out of the difficulty. 
 
 It is an interesting fact 
 that the solution of the 
 problem which confront- 
 ed the orange growers 
 was worked out by a 
 Native Son. Edwin T. 
 Earl grew up on a farm, 
 and. as a boy, took part 
 in the cultivation and 
 marketing of deciduous 
 fruits in Central Califor- 
 nia. After his school 
 days were over, he en- 
 tered into the business 
 of fruit shipping. His 
 first experience in this 
 line was with the ordi- 
 nary ventilated cars fur- 
 nished by the railroads. 
 This experience demon- 
 strated to him the im- 
 possibility of the success- 
 ful marketing of Ca'i- 
 fornia fruits East ii 
 ordinary ventilated box 
 cars. The fruit was still 
 mostly handled by pas- 
 senger train, at a trans- 
 nortation cost of $900 
 per car from California 
 to Chicago. The failur? 
 of successfully marketing 
 California fruits in ven- 
 tilated fruit cars caused 
 Mr. Earl to turn his at- 
 tention to refrigerator 
 cars, and in the later 
 '/c's he brought out re- 
 frigerator cars from the 
 East, and used them in 
 the transportation of de- 
 ciduous fruits from Central California, by freight train, at 
 a much lower cost, compared with the passenger-train rate. 
 These shipments in refrigerator cars, by freight train, how- 
 ever, did not meet with the approval of the railroads. They 
 preferred to handle the business by passenger train. Difficul- 
 ties were put in the way of the use of refrigerator cars. Ice 
 could not be obtained at reasonable prices in California and 
 along the line. Ice alone cost $50 to $60 per ton at loading 
 points, and as high as $30 per ton at points in the mountains 
 of California. Mr. Earl contended with these transportation 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 79 
 
 difficulties for a number of years. His experience demon- 
 strated that California fruits were destined to receive a wel- 
 come reception East as soon as transportation difficulties were 
 overcome. He persevered, and, after meeting with fair suc- 
 cess in the marketing of deciduous fruits from Central Cali- 
 fornia, came to Southern California in 1886 to engage in the 
 shipping of citrus fruits. Up to that time the eastern deal- 
 ers knew practically nothing about California oranges. The 
 eastern markets were supplied with oranges from the Mediter- 
 ranean and Florida sections. The dealers could not realize 
 that California was destined to supply the American markets 
 with oranges, and that the day would soon come when 
 Mediterranean oranges would be practically unknown in our 
 markets. The idea of marketing California oranges success- 
 fully at such points as New York and Boston was laughed 
 
 the only other cars available were ordinary refrigerator cars, 
 which, to a certain extent, would protect the fruit from freez- 
 ing, but at the western end of the journey oranges required 
 ventilation, and ordinary refrigerator cars would not provide 
 it. The methods of packing California oranges in 1886 were 
 crude. It was necessary to introduce new methods of pick- 
 ing, hauling, grading and packing. These new methods grow- 
 ers were eager to adopt, thus insuring the fruit being in proper 
 condition for eastern shipment ; but difficulties of transporta- 
 tion were apparently insurmountable, and orange shipments 
 to eastern markets continued to meet with indifferent and 
 uncertain results until about 1890. Mr. Earl introduced many 
 new methods in connection with the picking, packing, loading 
 and selling of California oranges, but he had the transportation 
 to contend with. It was proved conclusively that California 
 
 RESIDENCE OK EDWIN T. EARL, LOS ANGELES, CAI.. 
 
 at by eastern dealers, and was not seriously considered by 
 many Californians, either. Mr. Earl's study of eastern fruit 
 markets demonstrated to him that California oranges had 
 merit and could be successfully marketed as far East as the 
 Atlantic Coast. 
 
 Early in 1886 the Santa Fe completed a line into Southern 
 California and began handling orange shipments. California 
 oranges begin to ripen about January each season, and the 
 shipments continue during the winter, spring and summer 
 months. The difficulties in 1886 of shipping California 
 oranges to the eastern markets during the winter months were 
 very great. The ventilated fruit car furnished by the rail- 
 roads would not protect the fruit from freezing en route, and 
 
 oranges had great merit, and eastern markets, as far East as 
 New York, were ready to accept them at good prices, if the 
 transportation difficulties were overcome. These difficulties 
 occupied a large portion of Mr. Earl's attention for several 
 years, and in 1890 he invented the first successful combina- 
 tion ventilator-refrigerator car used in the transportation of 
 California fruits. 
 
 Mr. Earl had founded the Earl Fruit Company, a corpora- 
 tion, under the laws of California, with a paid-up capital and 
 surplus of $250,000. It was the largest fruit-packing and 
 shipping concern in the State. His combined ventilator- 
 refrigerator car was first made use of by the Earl Fruit Com- 
 pany, and Mr. Earl's original intention was simply to provide 
 
80 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 cars for the Earl Fruit Company's shipments. The demand, 
 however, for the Earl ventilator-refrigerator car proved so 
 great that Mr. Earl was compelled to establish a car line, and 
 from the first, his C. F. X. car. operated by the Continental 
 Fruit Express, was eagerly sought for by all shippers. These 
 combined ventilator-refrigerator cars were not only eagerly 
 sought for by California shippers, but by fruit shippers and 
 dealers ill over America. The car was extensively used in 
 the transportation of Florida oranges. Southern strawberries, 
 as well as California citrus and deciduous fruits. The Earl 
 combination ventilator-refrigerator car filled a long-existing 
 void. The car line grew until it was operating about 2000 
 ventilator-refrigerator cars, representing an investment of 
 $2,000.000. The car line's business far exceeded that of the 
 Earl Fruit Company, and in 1000 it handled over 12,000 car- 
 loads of fruit and vegetables. 
 
 In 1900 Mr. Earl received a very handsome offer for his 
 interests in the fruit-shipping and refrigerator-car business, 
 and concluded to retire from a strenuous life covering a 
 period of over twenty-five years, and did so, with a fortune. 
 Since looo Mr. Earl has devoted his attention to large real 
 estate investments in Los Angeles, and to the growth and 
 expansion of the Los Angeles Express, the leading afternoon 
 paper, and the only one published in Southern California at 
 present with full Associated Press news. Mr. Earl's home, 
 which embellishes page 79, is located in Los Angeles; it is 
 in the old English style of architecture, constructed in a most 
 substantial manner. The large grounds are profusely orna- 
 mented with rare and beautiful plants, trees and flowers. It 
 is a notably handsome place, and is presided over by Mr. 
 Earl's charming wife, who was formerly Miss Emily Jarvis, 
 of Louisville, Ky. 
 
 FERD K. RULE. 
 
 THE noteworthy individual successes in Southern Cali- 
 fornia seem in many instances to have been due quite 
 as much to personal tact and ability as to exceptional 
 opportunities or unusual luck. As an instance in point the 
 writer finds few more pronounced examples than the subject 
 of this sketch. 
 
 Ferd K. Rule was born in St. Louis, Missouri, December 
 6, 1853. He received his education in the city schools and 
 
 FERD K. RULE. 
 
 later graduated from the University of St. Louis. He 
 entered the employ of the Waters-Pierce Oil Company while 
 a young man, and remained with the company for a number 
 of years, being connected with their interests throughout 
 Missouri, Arkansas, Texas and Old Mexico, where the com- 
 pany did an extensive business. 
 
 In 1887 Mr. Rule entered business upon his own account in 
 Kansas City, where for the ensuing three years he was 
 engaged in the banking and brokerage business. Too close 
 application to the duties imposed upon him threatened to 
 undermine his health, and he sought relief in the more genial 
 climate of Southern California, where he arrived in 1890. 
 
 Shortly after his arrival he purchased a twenty-acre fruit 
 ranch near Pasadena, which he retained for two years. At 
 the end of that time his health was so much improved that 
 he determined to seek the first opportunity to re-engage in 
 active business. His wishes were gratified in April, 1892, 
 when he entered the employ of the Los Angeles Terminal 
 Company. His advance was marked from the start, and in 
 1899 he was made general manager of the road, holding that 
 position until the road was sold to the present company in 
 April, 1901. He was accorded a place upon the directorate of 
 the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad, and 
 acted as auditor of the company until September, 1903, when 
 he was made treasurer of the entire system. 
 
 In public affairs Mr. Rule has always displayed a spirit 
 of great interest. He is the president of the Chamber of 
 Commerce, a Police Commissioner and a National Executive 
 Committeeman for the United States League of Republican 
 clubs. Socially he is a member of the California Club and 
 Union League Club of this city, while for seven years he has 
 been president of the Jonathan Club, and as such has been 
 largely instrumental in securing the two tipper floors of the 
 nine-story Huntington building for club rooms. Fraternally, 
 Mr. Rule is an Elk, a Knight Templar, a Shriner, and a 
 Thirty-second Degree Mason. He is one of the most popular 
 and successful club men in the city, and is ever alert to the 
 best interests of the organization of which he is a member. 
 
 Mr. Rule makes his home on West Washington street, 
 where he has a handsome residence. He devotes his time 
 and attention to his extensive and varied interests, and under 
 his business direction they are expanding and developing. 
 Mr. Rule is a typical Western man, generous in his business 
 relations and jovial in his social intercourse. 
 
 Mr. Rule's name has been identified with the best interests 
 of the city and State, since he adopted California as his 
 home. He occupies a prominent position on the directorate 
 of a number of successful mining, industrial, manufacturing 
 and banking corporations, and is an indefatigable worker in 
 promoting the best interests of Southern . California. He 
 identifies himself with all progressive movements and socially 
 is as popular as he is financially successful. 
 
 As president of the Chamber of Commerce Mr. Rule has 
 rendered this section of the State services that cannot be 
 overestimated in their value to all residents of Southern; 
 California. 
 
BY A. RICHARDSON, Los ANGELES. 
 
 WHAT is known as the Southwest mining 
 region is the most extensive and, possibly, 
 the most richly-mineralized region in the 
 United States. The most extensive, because it has an 
 area of about 175,000 square miles, and, to repeat, 
 possibly the richest, because its present production of 
 gold, silver and other metals and minerals, with very 
 partial development, has a closely-estimated value of 
 $f>o,ooo,ooo a year, of which Arizona produces more 
 than one-half. 
 
 This region embraces the Territory of Arizona, -the 
 southern portion of New Mexico, Southern Nevada, all 
 of Southern California, the States of Sonora and 
 Sinaloa and the territory of Lower California, these 
 three latter being in Mexico. This vast extent of 
 country is described as the " Southwestern Region," 
 
 lies in its mineral deposits. Nor are these confined 
 to the desert portions of the Southwest. The precious 
 metals, copper and other metals, are found in all 
 portions of Arizona, in the southwestern portion of the 
 State of Nevada, in portions of San Diego, San Ber- 
 nardino, Riverside, Orange, Santa Barbara and Kern 
 counties in Southern California, all of which portions 
 contain much arable land. Before entering upon any 
 detailed account of the various mining districts and 
 camps in this southwestern region, it may be well to 
 at once mention some of the metals and minerals that 
 are being produced in commercial quantities ; the recital 
 of them will help the reader to form a better estimate 
 of the great mining possibilities of this great South- 
 west : Gold, silver, copper, lead, petroleum, cement, 
 borax and salt. All of these are being mined, and the 
 
 ARIZONA COPPER CO. S CONCENTRATOR, ARIZONA. 
 
 because of its being all tributary to Los Angeles, that 
 city being now the recognized commercial and financial 
 center of the Southwest. That is a fact that must 
 not be forgotten. 
 
 Of the total area, a large proportion is classed as 
 " desert land," but that term is a misnomer. It is 
 desert and remains desert so long as it is not cultivated, 
 but when, as has been demonstrated at Imperial, water 
 is introduced upon it and the soil cultivated, it pro- 
 duces almost everything that grows, including semi- 
 tropical fruits, and ripens those latter earlier than 
 they are produced in other sections of the United 
 States. 
 
 But the greater wealth of this so-called desert region 
 
 DETROIT COPPER CO. S CONCENTRATOR, ARIZONA. 
 
 production of them is large. In addition to them, the 
 following may be mentioned, all of which are known 
 to exist, but which are not yet produced in quantities 
 sufficiently large to justify classifying them under a 
 commercially-productive head ; they are : Iron, nitre, 
 graphite, coal, manganese, quicksilver, mica, serpen- 
 tine ; also several varieties of gem stones. In struc- 
 tural material, such as marble, granite and sandstone, 
 both Arizona and Southern California are rich, 
 possessing them not only in abundance, but of superior 
 quality for building purposes. Many other substances 
 classified as mineral substances might be added to the 
 list, but because of their remoteness from economical 
 transportation they are not yet being developed. 
 
82 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 ARIZONA. 
 
 Of the several sections comprising this southwestern 
 region, Arizona has the greatest metal production, chief 
 of which is copper. It may be said that copper is 
 mined in almost every county in the Territory, the bulk 
 
 ANOTHER VIEW AT 
 BOSTON GROUP 
 
 CYANIDE TANKS 
 AT MILL 
 
 Mint, for the year 1902 was $7,046,153, it is seen 
 
 that Arizona is producing copper, gold and silver of 
 
 a value of $28,750,000 a year. 
 
 The most important copper mine in the southern 
 
 portion of the Territory is the Copper Queen, in Co- 
 chise county. It is Arizona's sec- 
 ond largest copper producer, and 
 stands an easy seventh in the list 
 of the world's copper producers, its 
 present production being some- 
 where about 33,000,000 pounds a 
 year. The mine is the property of 
 the Copper Queen Consolidated 
 Alining Company, a close corpora- 
 tion about as close as they make 
 them controlled by M e s s r s. 
 Phelps, Dodge & Co., of New York, 
 with Prof. James Douglas as presi- 
 dent of it. In addition to its smelt- 
 ing works at Bisbee, the company 
 is erecting immense reduction 
 works at Douglas, close to the Mex- 
 ican line. Besides its Copper 
 Queen mine, the company owns 
 copper mines at Nacozari, Sonora, 
 Mex. ; also several lines of railway. 
 I'ut of all its mines, the Copper 
 Queen, at Bisbee, is the most inter- 
 esting ; the one that has been the 
 means of attracting so much capi- 
 tal to Cochise county. The forma- 
 tion in the Copper Queen consists 
 essentially of two limestone beds, 
 the upper one white, the lower one 
 blue, dipping southward and flank- 
 ing a granite core. The most im- 
 
 HOIST AT 
 BOSTON GROUP 
 
 of it coming from Cochise, Graham, 
 Gila and Yavapai counties. One will 
 better understand the importance to Ari- 
 zona of that branch of the mining indus- 
 try when told that the production of that 
 metal has increased from 23,274,965 
 pounds in 1883 to an estimated produc- 
 tion of 167,000,000 pounds in 1903, 
 which latter quantity represents at pres- 
 ent market prices a value of $21,710,000. 
 If to that amount there be added the gold 
 and silver production which, according 
 to the report of the Director of the 
 
 VIEWS AT QUARTETTE MINE, SEARCHLIGHT, NEVADA. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 83 
 
 portant finds of ore have been at the 
 base of the upper limestone. De- 
 velopments of the last two years 
 have shown that the formation car- 
 ries extensive ore values much 
 deeper than was formerly sup- 
 posed a fact of the greatest im- 
 portance for the future prosperity 
 of IJisbee. In the limestone, caves 
 are occasionally encountered with 
 good todies of ore usually found 
 beneath them. Large masses of 
 native copper are frequently found, 
 and, strange to say, not near the 
 surface, as is usually the case in 
 other copper districts, but at con- 
 siderable depth: One of these 
 chunks of native copper was found 
 last year in the Copper Queen, 
 weighing over 200 pounds. It was 
 cut into pieces of about half a 
 pound, which are used as paper 
 weights bv those to whom the company presented 
 them. The capacity of the smelter at Bisbee was 1000 
 tons of ore a day, but the plant has been partially dis- 
 mantled. Portions of it such as could be made use 
 of were moved to Douglas and incorporated in the 
 new plant, the capacity of which will be 1500 tons of 
 ore a clay. 
 
 There is one copper mine at Bisbee that may be 
 fittingly classed among the phenomenal copper mines 
 of the world ; it might, indeed, be properly spoken of 
 as the most phenomenal of all copper mines it is 
 the Calumet and Arizona. Less than two years ago it 
 was nothing more than a prospect ; a prospect, true, 
 having good prospects, but still an undetermined quan- 
 tity. Some two years ago it was purchased by some 
 mining capitalists of Calumet, Mich., and of Pitts- 
 
 v 
 
 BEFORE; THE ADVENT OF THE RAILROAD. 
 
 INTERIOR OF A I DO-STAMP MILL. 
 
 burgh, Pa. Possessed of ample means, they issued 
 instructions for the development of the property on a 
 large scale, and within those two years they have 
 converted a prospect into a mine producing 30,000,000 
 pounds of copper a year. This company has also a 
 large smelting plant at Douglas, the capacity of which 
 is to be increased. 
 
 Another copper property in Cochise county that 
 may be classed among the phenomenal copper mines 
 of Arizona is the Black Diamond, in the Dragoon 
 Mountains. This property, as in the case of the Calu- 
 met and Arizona, has had the good fortune to be in 
 the hands of men of large means ; men who could 
 afford to open the property in a large way, with the 
 additional good fortune of having in their manager 
 a practical and careful mining man, who understood, 
 after study, the proper methods to be practiced for the 
 economical reduction of the ores. When the ore 
 bodies were sufficiently developed, a smelter of 200 
 tons a day was erected and an aerial tramway, one 
 and a half miles in length, connecting the mine with 
 the smelter, was constructed. The next thing done 
 was the laying of a water-pipe line from Pearce to the 
 smelter, a distance of about six miles, and the con- 
 struction of a reservoir of a capacity of 1,000,000 
 gallons, sufficient for smelting requirements and for 
 all uses at the camp. The water is obtained at the 
 Commonwealth mine at Pearce, and runs by gravity 
 to the Black Diamond pumping station, 900 feet dis- 
 tant, where a high-pressure pump raises it 800 feet 
 and a distance of over five miles to the reservoir at 
 the smelter. They are treating 150 tons of ore a day, 
 turning out a copper matte which carries 65 per cent, 
 refined copper, and an average of 140 ounces of silver 
 
84 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 to the ton of matte, making the silver values alone 
 worth about $200 per ton of bullion, sufficient to pay 
 the costs of mining and smelting. The ore has the 
 great advantage of being self-fluxing, no mixtures of 
 ores being necessarv ; the ore is shoveled into the fur- 
 
 showings under development, notably the Copper 
 Crown, owned chiefly by Minnesota parties ; the Cop- 
 per Belle, which is already making ore shipments to 
 the smelter at El Paso; the Peabody, and the Middle- 
 march. For this latter a contract for a loo-ton con- 
 
 . > 
 
 * ., r._/.'. 
 
 BUTTE LODE MINE, RANDSBURG, CAL. 
 
 naces just as it comes from the mines, and the slag 
 loss is probably the lowest of any smelting plant in 
 Arizona, being not over 0.30 per cent, copper, and as 
 low, at times, as 0.26 per cent. The company is ship- 
 ping an average of fifty tons of copper matte a week 
 to the East. Oil is the fuel used. 
 
 There are many other copper-mining properties in 
 that part of Cochise county that are making good 
 
 centrating plant was recently let to a Los Angeles 
 machinery firm. 
 
 But in addition to its great copper mines, Cochise 
 county is rich in gold, having in the Commonwealth 
 at Pearce one of the two largest gold-producing mines 
 in Arizona the Congress in Yavapai county being 
 the other. The Commonwealth is equipped with an 
 8o-stamp mill, crushing 200 tons of ore a day, using 
 
 DETROIT COPPER CO. S SMELTER, MORENCI, ARIZONA. 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 85 
 
 HOISTING PLANT, CONSOLIDATED MINES CO., TOMBSTONE, ARIZONA. 
 
 oil for fuel. The mine is opened to a depth of goo 
 feet, and as the vein is as strong and as rich as at any 
 of the upper levels, it is safe to affirm that the Com- 
 monwealth has a long and profitable future. 
 
 P.ut there is no district in Arizona that is more 
 interesting at this time than Tombstone. When, in 
 the year 1885, the price of silver went down, Tomb- 
 stone went out of sight, disappearing, practically, 
 from off the map of Arizona as a productive region. 
 In 1885 it had a population ex- 
 ceeding 10,000; twelve years later 
 all it could boast of was a popula- 
 tion of 600 ; and a camp that in its 
 palmy days had a record of $35,- 
 000,000 of silver bullion shipped 
 out in four years was not shipping 
 a dollar ; all mines were closed 
 down and allowed to fill with 
 water. Then it was that E. B. 
 Gage conceived the idea of un- 
 watering these mines, and made 
 plans to do so. He convinced him- 
 self that with improved methods 
 of mining the ores could be profit- 
 ably worked for their silver and 
 gold values. He associated with 
 him in his enterprise W. F. Staun- 
 ton. Pumps of enormous lifting 
 power were contracted for , were 
 installed, and have been kept at 
 work for nearly a year. To ac- 
 complish these things, the Tomb- 
 stone Consolidated Mines Com- 
 pany was organized ; Mr. Gage was 
 elected president of it, and the 
 
 necessary funds for machinery and work were pro- 
 vided. This was the resurrection of Tombstone; that 
 city is again one of the busiest and most prosperous 
 in Southern Arizona. The pumps are lifting 2,150,000 
 gallons of water every twenty-four hours ; the shafts 
 have been cleaned out and retimbered, and the mines 
 are sending out a carload of ore a day, rich enough 
 to bear the expense of shipping, and ore that was 
 formerly regarded as worthless is yielding good 
 
 TRAMWAY TOWER, BLACK DIAMOND COPPER MINES, ARIZONA. 
 
86 
 
 MEN or ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 returns, the building of the railroad into Tombstone 
 having made that possible. The Tombstone Consoli- 
 dated Company is working 200 men. 
 
 Next to Cochise county, the largest copper-producing 
 county in the southern portion of Arizona is Graham 
 county, in which is the Clifton district, with which 
 may be properly linked Morenci district, the two dis- 
 tricts being one district, so far as centralization of 
 mining interests and operations is concerned. Clif- 
 
 A WATER HOLE 
 
 IN THE DESERT. 
 
 22.000.000 
 
 ON THE ARIZONA 
 DESERT. 
 
 ton and Morenci are in 
 the extreme eastern 
 part of Graham county, 
 close to the New Mex- 
 ico line. In the former 
 are the mines of the 
 Arizona Copper Com- 
 pany, the fourth larg- 
 est copper-producing 
 property in Arizona, 
 with an output of about 
 pounds of copper a year. This property 
 affords another excellent illustration of 
 what intelligent, economical manage- 
 ment can accomplish when applied to 
 working large bodies of low-grade ore. 
 The mines of this company are near 
 Morenci, while its smelting plant is at 
 Clifton. Up to a few years ago Morenci, 
 speaking of it as a town, was almost 
 isolated from the world. Situated at the 
 head of a very steep, rocky gorge, seventy miles from 
 the railroad, with Lordsburg, in New Mexico, as its 
 nearest point of communication, few persons, outside 
 of those interested in its mining properties, knew of 
 its existence. Now, two powerful companies are 
 busy developing its mineral resources, together pro- 
 ducing about 35,000,000 pounds of copper a year; 
 they are the Arizona Copper Company and the Detroit 
 
 Copper Company. The former company is a Scotch 
 organization ; the latter is controlled by Phelps, Dodge 
 & Co., of New York, who also own the Copper Queen 
 mine at Bisbee. The first man to realize the value of 
 the ore bodies of the Morenci-Clifton district was 
 William Church, who, while out on a prospecting 
 trip, went there in 1873. He secured by location and 
 purchase a few claims, and began working them. In 
 those days the ore was hauled by team to a small 
 smelter on 'Frisco River, six miles dis- 
 tant, and from there the bullion was 
 hauled to Santa Fe, N. M., two trips a 
 year being made. Later, the Detroit Cop- 
 per Company was organized, with Mr. 
 Church as president, and, aided by some 
 additional capital, operations were en- 
 larged ; mule teams were used to trans- 
 port the ore to the 
 smelter, and the amount 
 of bullion produced 
 I was increased. But in 
 those days in that part 
 of Arizona it was not 
 necessary to go far to 
 
 . v; '".' ' find trouble, and the 
 
 Apache Indians fur- 
 nished lots of it. Those 
 were the days when 
 r Geronimo was "on 
 
 ENTRANCE TO DEATH VALLEY. 
 
 deck," and he made it very lively for the muleteers, 
 these latter considering themselves very fortunate if 
 they succeeded in making a round trip without being 
 scalped which was of frequent occurrence. Because 
 of these dangers, it was decided to move the smelting 
 plant near to the mines, and in 1884 this was done. 
 But to do this invited a problem difficult of solution 
 the water problem. The only water supply was the 
 
MEN OP ACHIEl'EMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 87 
 
 'Frisco River. How to raise 
 it to the mines was the dif- 
 ficulty. Pumps were in- 
 stalled. Tanks with a ca- 
 pacity of half a million gal- 
 lons constructed ; since then 
 there has heen no serious 
 bother about water. 
 
 In the year 1897, Mr. 
 Church disposed of his in- 
 terests in the Detroit prop- 
 erties to Phelps, Dodge & 
 Co., and one of the first 
 projects which that firm 
 undertook in connection 
 
 with these Morenci mines was the construction of a 
 railway up the canon, the ascension of which required 
 a road built somewhat on the lines of a corkscrew. 
 The engineer to whom the task was entrusted was 
 Maj. W. M. Wambaugh. There had already been 
 constructed from Lordsburg, N. M., on the Southern 
 Pacific Railway, a branch road to Clifton, built by the 
 Arizona Copper Company. Maj. Wambaugh made a 
 survey for the Morenci road in KJOO, and within one 
 year the railway known as the Morenci Southern, con- 
 necting with the Arizona Copper Company's road 
 (Arizona and New Mexico) at Guthrie, a distance, by 
 air line, of twelve miles, but eighteen miles as the 
 road goes, was completed. In its course two rivers 
 and numerous canons were spanned, many tunnels 
 driven and cuts made, making it one of the most 
 extraordinary bits of railroad in the world. The most 
 momentous piece of the work was reached when 
 within a mile of Morenci ; there was a great elevation 
 to be overcome in a narrow canon. This was accom- 
 plished by a series of loops with cuts and trestles. 
 
 There are six trestles 
 and four complete cir- 
 cles. In this mile there 
 are three miles of track. 
 Over this road some two 
 hundred and fifty tons 
 of freight, not including 
 ore, are daily trans- 
 ported. 
 
 The Arizona Copper 
 
 MILL AND ORE BINS OF THE CEDAR VALLEY MINING 
 AND SMELTING COMPANY, OWNED BY LOS AN- 
 GKLES CAPITAL. 
 
 Company's concentrator has a capacity of 300 tons of 
 ore a day ; that of the Detroit Company is in excess of 
 500 tons a day. There is a 2O-inch gauge railway con- 
 necting the Detroit concentrator with its mines and 
 with the smelters. This road is also used by the Ari- 
 zona Copper Company to transport its ore from the 
 mines to the concentrator, and from there to its incline 
 track for shipment to Clifton. This lilliputian road 
 
 TEAMING ON THE DESERT 22-IIORSE TEAM HAULING MACHINERY TO GOLD ROADS MINE, FROM KINGMAN, ARIZ 
 
ss 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IK THE GREAT SOUTfiWEST. 
 
 THE RATCUFF MINE, BALLARAT DISTRICT, INYO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 passes through a tunnel with but a single track. On 
 the Morenci side the road branches to the smelter and 
 mines ; on the other side of the hill it branches to the 
 two concentrators, to the gas plant and to the Arizona 
 Company's incline road. Over this single track, com- 
 mon to both companies, there are handled daily about 
 1 200 tons of material, a quantity greater, in all prob- 
 ability, than is carried by any other railroad in the 
 
 country, outside of 
 the trunk lines. 
 
 There is another 
 property in the 
 Morenci - Clif t o n 
 district that is be- 
 ginning to assume 
 large proportions 
 and which will 
 soon take its place 
 among the large 
 producers it is the 
 S h a n n o n. The 
 group of claims 
 comp rising the 
 
 MEXICAN PEONS , 
 
 n iu r /-. OM Shannon property 
 
 Carry 250 Ibs. of Ore on Their 
 
 Backs from the Mines. was formerly owned 
 
 by Hon. C. M. Shannon, of Los Angeles. He sold it 
 to Boston parties, retaining an interest. The Boston 
 people organized the Shannon Copper Company and 
 furnished the necessary money to open the property 
 in a large way. This is being done ; a concentrating 
 plant has been erected, the concentrates being shipped 
 for treatment. While the stock of the Shannon Com- 
 pany is listed in the Boston Stock Exchange, it can 
 hardly be said that 
 there is any of the 
 stock on the mar- 
 ket. 
 
 North of Graham 
 county, in G i 1 a 
 county, is the Globe 
 copper mining dis- 
 trict. The United 
 Globe and the ( )ld 
 Domi n i o n mines 
 are the most im- 
 portant in the dis- 
 trict. The former 
 are owned, practic- 
 
 , ni i 
 
 ally by Phelps 
 Dodge & Co., of 
 
 'CHICKEN LADDER, 
 
 Whjch ^ clj 
 Down the Mines. 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 89 
 
 
 New York, who also own the Copper Queen mines at 
 Bisbee, and the Detroit mines at Alorenci. While 
 the United Globe has been worked for a number of 
 years, the production has been small compared with 
 other copper mines in Arizona. The largest produc- 
 tion was in 1899, when there were mined 4,451,180 
 pounds of copper. Since that year their production 
 has decreased, not because of a lack of ore, such as 
 it is ; rather because it is more expensive to reduce. It 
 is a highly silicious sulphide, requiring heavy fluxing, 
 making it necessary to ship it. There is a 2OO-ton 
 smelter on the property. 
 
 The Old Dominion mines 
 have been a source of much 
 and constant trouble to the 
 stockholders in the com- 
 pany. It is a Iioston or- 
 ganization ; is in strong 
 hands, but the property has 
 suffered from a want of 
 good management good 
 management in the sense 
 of how to profitably treat 
 the ore. Kacb succeeding 
 ^cri,,,,,*,,, b. Had hi 
 own peculiar views respect- 
 ing that, hut all of them seem to have been imbued 
 with the notion that it was the proper thing to make 
 the ore fit their theories, rather than determine just 
 what the ore required in the way of treatment, and 
 put away their theories in a museum. The property 
 is well equipped, and is a 
 good producer, being in the 
 neighborhood of 800,000 
 pounds of refined copper a 
 month, and which, under 
 more intelligent manage- 
 ment, could be increased a 
 good one-half. The value 
 of production to the pres- 
 ent time, including gold 
 and silver in the copper 
 bullion, is probably not less 
 than $6,000,000; yet, with 
 the exception of some small 
 dividends paid by the orig- 
 
 inal Old Dominion Company, the stockholders have 
 never received a dollar. At this writing a plan is 
 under consideration in Boston for the consolidation of 
 the Old Dominion and United Globe mines, which, if 
 carried out, will, in every probability, prove profitable 
 to both, bringing both under the same management 
 that has made the Copper Queen and Detroit mines 
 such paying properties. 
 
 Northwest, again, of Gila county is Yavapai county, 
 in which is the United Verde copper mine, owned, 
 
 chiefly, by Senator W. A. Clark of Montana, one of 
 the greatest of the world's copper mines. It is in the 
 Jerome district, in the same great mineral belt that 
 traverses Arizona in a northwesterly-southeasterly 
 direction. This history of the United Verde is among 
 the most interesting of any published on mines. Up 
 to the time it came into the possession of Senator 
 Clark, it was being opened and worked as a gold-silver 
 mine, but with depth the character of the ore changed 
 to a sulphide, and it was then that Senator Clark 
 realized he had a copper mine of an undetermined 
 
 value. There is nothing, 
 however, undet e r m i n e d 
 about it now ; it stands fifth 
 on the list of the world's 
 copper producers, the only 
 ones exceeding it in pro- 
 duction being the Ana- 
 conda, of Montana ; Calu- 
 met & Hecla, Michigan; 
 Rio Tinto, Spain, and the 
 
 NEVADA-KEYSTONE MINE AND ORE BINS. 
 
 HAULING HAY ON THE 
 DESERT TO THE MINES. 
 
 Iioston and Montana, of 
 Montana. It is quite pos- 
 sible, however, that for this 
 year the Copper Queen at 
 Bisbee will give it a close 
 call. Present production is 
 about 35,000,000 pounds of 
 copper a year, but if there 
 were nothing to interfere 
 
 with the reduction of all the ore that could be pro- 
 duced under its present equipment, the United Verde 
 could easily turn out 45,000,000 pounds of copper a 
 year. In the year 1899 it produced nearly 44,000,000 
 pounds, but that year was followed by caves in the 
 workings and by fires, reducing production for the 
 following year to less than 40,000,000 pounds ; in 1901 
 to less than 35,000,000, and in 1902 to about 30,000,000 
 pounds. New furnaces were erected this year, and, 
 barring labor troubles and fires, the United Verde's 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 production will soon be as great as 
 it was four years ago. 
 
 The United Verde was originally 
 incorporated nineteen years ago, four 
 years before Senator Clark secured 
 control of it. The present par value 
 of the stock is $10 a share, with a 
 total capitalization of $3,000,000. 
 The stock has sold during those 
 nineteen years as low as 50 cents a 
 share, and as high as $350 a share. 
 Practically, there is none of the stock 
 on the market ; if there were any 
 shares knocking around loose, it is 
 safe to say that Senator Clark would 
 get possession of them. It began 
 paying dividends eight years after 
 its incorporation. In 1892 it paid 
 25 cents a share monthly; in 1896 
 dividends were increased to 50 cents 
 
 a share, and in the year 1898 were further increased goes to the furnaces. As the ore is rich in sulphur, 
 to $i a share. At present, and for some months past, much heat is generated, and, as a result, spontaneous 
 dividends have been 75 cents per share. From the combustion is not infrequent. In time of normal con- 
 year 1892 to November 30, 1903, the United Verde ditions about 1200 men are employed in and about 
 
 GOLDEN TREASURE MINE AT THE QUARTETTE, SEARCHLIGHT, NEVADA. 
 
 has paid a total in dividends of $27,673,680. 
 
 The ore of the United Verde has averaged 7 per 
 cent, copper, with good values in gold and silver. The 
 stopes are of great width, and as a consequence the 
 mine is as yet only opened to a depth of less than 700 
 feet. In mining, no assortment of ore is made, and no 
 concentration is attempted ; everything from the mine 
 
 TEST MILL, NEVADA-KEYSTONE, SANDY, NEVADA. 
 
 the mine. One of the most interesting things con- 
 nected with the property is its possible future produc- 
 tion. Some of the few mining men who have been 
 permitted to go through the workings have made esti- 
 mates guesses would be the better word of the ore 
 in sight. The more conservative of these guesses 
 place it at from 1 5,000,000 to 20,000,000 tons of ore, 
 
 which, at a percentage of 7 
 per cent, copper, would 
 represent about 1,250,000 
 tons of copper. Figuring 
 that on the basis of short 
 tons, you have 2,500,000,- 
 ooo pounds of copper, 
 which, computed at the 
 present market price of the 
 metal (13 cents a pound) 
 represents a gross value of 
 $325,000,000. Truly, those 
 are interesting figures. 
 
 The Jerome district, 
 sometimes called the Verde 
 district, contains many 
 other copper mining prop- 
 erties undergoing develop- 
 ment, among which the 
 following are among the 
 more prominent : The Iron 
 King, owned by Senator 
 W. A. Clark, in which 
 that gentleman has great 
 
 
MEN Or- ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 91 
 
 faith. A smelter is now being erected on it ; is 
 nearing completion, and having large ore bodies 
 already blocked out, the Iron King will soon take its 
 place among the producers. The Verde King, owned 
 chiefly by Los Angeles parties, is another property that 
 is being opened up in a large way, with excellent 
 prospects. The Verde King has over 3000 feet of 
 development. The property of the Black Hills Copper 
 
 ble gold mines in Arizona the Congress mine. It is 
 owned by the Congress Consolidated Mines Company, 
 Limited, Hon. E. B. Gage, president, and W. F. Staun- 
 ton, superintendent. The property is equipped with 
 an eighty-stamp mill, has a large cyanide plant, and 
 employs 500 men. If the figures of the Director of 
 the Mint, Washington, are correct, in which he gives 
 Arizona credit for a production last year of $4,112,- 
 
 Company is in the same district. South of 
 the Iron King is the Copper Chief, and 
 south again from that is the group owned 
 by the Mingus Mountain Copper Company, 
 which is undergoing development, showing 
 large bodies of ore. Other properties could 
 be named, but what are mentioned are suf- 
 
 ficient to show that all that portion of Yavapai county 
 known as the Black Hills region is mineralized, and 
 will, undoubtedly, prove up some valuable copper 
 mines, the ores of which, as invariably shown, carry 
 gold and silver, which, when the copper bullion is re- 
 fined, represent a good percentage of value. 
 
 In addition to its great United Verde copper mine, 
 Yavapai county possesses one of the two most valua- 
 
 1IAULING BORAX BY TRACTION ENGINE BORAX BINS 
 AND VIKWS OF THE MINES AND CRUSHER PROPERTY 
 OF THE PACIFIC COAST BORAX COMPANY. 
 
 300 in gold, it would be safe to put the Congress mine 
 down for a good 25 per cent, of the amount. 
 
 The King of Arizona, in Yuma county, is another of 
 Arizona's gold producers. In this property the vein 
 has been proved to a depth of over 600 feet, and shows 
 continuity and maintenance of its values. Shipments 
 of gold bullion from this mine have been as high as 
 $45,000 a month. 
 
 The Fortuna, also in Yuma county, has a remark- 
 able record as a gold producer. The Papago Com- 
 pany, a Los Angeles organization, owns some gold 
 
92 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 claims in Yuma county, and which are being opened. 
 It is of some interest to note, en passant, that the 
 first mining of any consequence in Arizona was in 
 Yuma county, at La Paz. This former busy placer 
 camp lies about midway between Yuma city and the 
 Needles, and about two miles distant from the Colo- 
 rado River. ' The story of the first discovery of gold 
 there is well authenticated. A man named Ferrara 
 Don Juan Ferrara, as he was called found, during 
 one of his prospecting trips,' a gold nugget weighing 
 nearly four pounds. That was a fact difficult to con- 
 ceal. The news of the find spread quickly, and there 
 was a rush to the diggings. That was in the latter 
 part of 1861. The ground proved to be very rich, and 
 many strikes were made, the gold, as a rule, being 
 coarse, running up to nugget size. Capts. Polhamus 
 and Mellon, who navigated that portion of the Colo- 
 rado River for over forty years, tell of the large quan- 
 tities of gold dust they carried down the river. During 
 those clays La Paz was infested with gangs of Mexican 
 and American toughs ; street and saloon shooting 
 
 following story is told about this man and another 
 named " Red Kelly," the latter, however, being more 
 peaceably inclined, and who at times acted as the 
 
 A STATION ON A LEVEL IN THE SANTA ANA 
 TIN MINES. 
 
 " avenging angel." The story is that one day, when 
 Capt. Polhamus was in La Paz collecting freight, he 
 came up with " Texas," and together they walked 
 along the street. Suddenly the captain heard some- 
 one yell from the across the street, " Stand aside, if 
 you please, captain, I am going to kill that damned 
 scoundrel." Polhamus had barely time to get out of 
 range before " Red Kelly " opened fire. " Texas " 
 returned the compliment, but he was too late ; " Red 
 Kelly " had three shots into him, and " Texas " 
 dropped. No objection was made to " Red Kelly's " 
 act, and shortly after he left for other diggings. 
 
 SANTA ANA TIN MINUS, ORANGE CO., CALIFORNIA. 
 
 scrapes were of common occurrence. One of 
 the most notorious of these " toughs " was 
 Bess Danewood, afterward hanged in Los 
 Angeles. Another was a man who went by 
 the name of " Texas," and who was one of the 
 most dreaded scoundrels in the camp. The 
 
 
 HOISTING MACHINERY. 
 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 93 
 
 Mohavc county, north of Yuma county, can lay 
 claim to being the pioneer in quartz mining- in Arizona. 
 As far back as 1872 a party of miners from Nevada, 
 mostly from Pioche, attracted by stories of rich ore 
 found in the Cerbat Mountains, Mohave county, 
 pitched their camp where now is the town of Chloride. 
 Later, there came other bands of prospectors from 
 California, until about one hundred men were gathered 
 near what was called Silver Hill, because of a large 
 vein of silver-lead ore. running the entire length of 
 the low ridge rising from the v?lley. Since then, and 
 
 in operation but since June of 1903, the production 
 to date has been most satisfactory. A more complete 
 article on 1 the Gold Roads will be found in another 
 portion of this book. The Sheeptrail and the Minnie 
 are among the groups of mines in that section which 
 have been opened in a large way and equipped with 
 mills and machinery. The Chloride district, north of 
 Kingman. is another in which there is much mining 
 being done. One of the most important strikes in that 
 district was made this year, in what is known as the 
 Dempsey and O'Dea group. As almost the entire 
 county is heavily mineralized, there is 
 everv reason to believe that more dis- 
 coveries of value will be made. 
 
 About twenty-five miles east of Yucca, 
 a station on the Santa Fe, are the prop- 
 erties of the Cedar Valley Mining and 
 
 BANNER SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 up to the present time, there 
 has probably been more gold 
 and silver-lead mining in Mo- 
 have coiftity than in any other 
 county in 1 Arizona. And more 
 than that, more discoveries of 
 value are being made in 
 Mohave county than in any 
 other, except it be in the 
 Rradshaw Mountains, in Ya- 
 vapai county. The San Fran- 
 cisco mining district, in the 
 western part of the county, is 
 one of the districts that has 
 become prominent within the 
 last two years. In it are the 
 
 Gold Roads, the I eland, the Black Mountain, the 
 Cedar Valley, the German-American, and some others. 
 This district, called by some the Boundary Cone dis- 
 trict, commences at the southern end of the Colorado 
 River range of mountains. The Gold Roads, which 
 has been opened up largely by Los Angeles capital, 
 has one of the most completely-equipped mills in the 
 Territory, $300,000 having been spent by Messrs. 
 Posey and Bayly in bringing the property to its pres- 
 ent state of development. Although the mill has been 
 
 STAGING TO THE MINES. 
 
 Smelting Company, another Los Angeles enterprise, 
 organized by the well-known Spokane mining oper- 
 ators, Capt. C. Henry Thompson, Col. W. W. D. Tur- 
 ner of Le Roi fame, and others. The mines operated 
 by this company are among the most historic in that 
 district and were worked at a profit 40 -years ago, 
 when labor cost $10 per day and supplies were pro- 
 portionately high. The company is expending a large 
 amount of money in developing the property and it 
 shows evidence of great promise. 
 
94 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 SOUTHERN NEVADA. 
 
 Leaving Mohave county, Arizona, and crossing- the 
 Colorado River at Camp Mohave, you land in that 
 portion of the State of Nevada which forms the acute 
 angle of Lincoln county, north of which but a few 
 miles is the Searchlight district, discovered by Ben 
 Macready of Los Angeles. It is one of the most 
 promising among new camps of this southwestern 
 region. The area of the mineral belt, of which the 
 town of Searchlight is the center, is about 640 square 
 miles. Throughout the whole of that large section 
 there are good prospects for mines. 
 
 The northern limit of the district is about ten miles 
 south of El Dorado Canon, which is about twenty 
 miles north of the town of Searchlight; the southern 
 boundary of the district is about twenty miles south 
 of Searchlight. Over it all the surface is the typical 
 desert, abounding in yucca, Spanish bayonet, grease- 
 wood, cacti and the usual desert herbage. There is 
 
 FIVE-STAMP MILL ON THE AURORA MINE, LOWER 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 SCENES AROUND ALAMO CAM1', LOWER CALIFORNIA -PROPERTIES OF THE AURORA MINING COMPANY. 
 
 no surface water except at Granite Springs, eighteen 
 miles north of the town of Searchlight. Water is 
 also to be had at Summit Springs, three miles to the 
 east; at Malapi Springs, twelve miles west; at Piute, 
 twenty-five miles southwest; also at Newberry and 
 Cottomvood Springs, about sixteen miles to the south- 
 east. The sinking of shafts in mining properties has 
 shown that water is abundant at a depth of about 
 400 feet. 
 
 Viewed geologically the general formation of the 
 district is igneous, containing many varieties of 
 porphyry, granite and volcanic rocks. The entire 
 district gives evidence of having been subjected to 
 considerable volcanic disturbance, more especially in 
 the portion between the camp and the Colorado River. 
 Tn the immediate vicinity of Searchlight Camp the 
 formation is almost entirely porphyritic, some granite 
 protrusions appearing in an irregular manner to the 
 north and east. In this formation have been found 
 
 THE GOOD HOPE MINE, SEARCHLIGHT DISTRICT, NEVADA. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 THE DIAMOND HITCH. 
 
 the most valuable 
 gold deposits, all 
 free-milling a n d 
 exceptionally free 
 from refractory 
 elements. Surface 
 disturbances have 
 in places mixed 
 the gangue to a 
 depth varying' from 
 
 fifty to one hun- 
 dred feet, causing- unevenness in the width and dip of 
 the veins, vet in no case has there been found other 
 than improvement in size and values as depth is at- 
 tained. Take, as instances, the Copper King and 
 Golden Treasure claims, owned by the Quartette Min- 
 
 being 1 obtained at the mine workings. ( hving to a labor 
 strike inaugurated last June little work has been 1 done. 
 The strike is now over, the Quartette and other compa- 
 nies in the district having procured a sufficiency of non- 
 union labor to permit of the resumption of work on 
 a scale as large as that which was being clone prior to 
 the time when the labor strike was declared. Among 
 other properties that are being developed are the 
 Southern Nevada, the Good Hope, the Cyrus Noble, 
 the Parallel, the Searchlight, and others. 
 
 The Sandy is another district in this southern por- 
 tion of Nevada in which are several valuable gold 
 properties, notably that of the Nevada-Keystone Com- 
 pany, a Los Angeles organization. For the last 
 year or more the Nevada- Key stone has been a 
 regular shipper of gold bullion, and has produced 
 
 THE POUNDERS OF RANDSBURG 
 CHARLES A. BURCHAM, JOHN SINGLETON AND F. M. MOOERS. 
 
 ing Company. These had a surface showing of three 
 feet in width, with values not exceeding $1.60 gold per 
 ton, whereas at a depth of 500 feet the lead has broad- 
 ened out to over thirty feet, with values of $17 gold 
 per ton, and all free milling ore. 
 
 The property of the Quartette Mining Company, a 
 Boston organization, is the leading one of the Search- 
 light district. On it there has been expended about 
 $400,000, but as it has established for itself a value 
 many times greater than this sum the money has been 
 well invested. This company has a mill of twenty 
 stamps on the Colorado River with a railway to it 
 from the mines. It has also recently erected another 
 stamp mill at the mines, the water necessary for it 
 
 $100,000. The property is equipped with mill and 
 cyanide plant, and extensive improvements are now 
 being made, which will greatly increase its monthly 
 production. The Nevada-Keystone has a record of 
 $380,000 produced some years ago, and its former 
 owners thought it was " worked out." Under the 
 direction of Carl F. Schader, a successful operator and 
 mining engineer of Los Angeles, it has within the 
 past few months produced over $100,000 in gold, and 
 values increase with depth. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. 
 
 Immediately west of Lincoln county, Nevada, is San 
 Bernardino county, in Southern California. San 
 
96 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 Bernardino is of such vast extent that it would 
 require an article of many thousands of words to 
 properly describe its many mining districts and mines 
 in them. The districts in which the most mining is 
 being done are the Vanderbilt, Providence Mountains 
 and the New York Mountains, in the northeast part 
 of the county ; the Ludlow district, in the central por- 
 
 A SHIFT READY 
 FOR WORK. 
 
 tion, and at Johannes- 
 burg, which latter forms 
 part of the Rand dis- 
 trict, extending into 
 Kern county. The Van- 
 derbilt is one of the older 
 mining districts of San 
 Bernardino county, pos- 
 sessing a number of val- 
 uable mines. In the 
 New York Mountains, 
 the Giant Ledge Gold 
 
 and Copper Company is doing the most work. It has 
 a large property which is being intelligently developed, 
 with large ore bodies blocked out. The company is 
 having an aerial tramway constructed from its mines 
 to its mill site, preparatory to making arrangements 
 for the reduction of its ore. In the Providence 
 Mountains, south of the New York range, are some 
 well-defined gold ledges that are being developed, 
 while on the southwest slope of the range are some 
 large deposits of iron ore, which, when transportation 
 is provided, will prove valuable. 
 
 In the Ludlow district are the Roosevelt, the Chase, 
 the Bagdad and other mines. The chief property is 
 that belonging to the Bagdad Mining and Milling 
 Company, composed chiefly of eastern capitalists, 
 among whom are Senator Chauncey M. Depew, J. N. 
 Beckley, of Rochester ; E. Van Etten, of Boston ; Ben- 
 jamin E. Chase and J. H. Stedman, of Rochester, with 
 
 E. H. Stagg, at the mines, general manager. These 
 men are possessed of large means, and have developed 
 their property in a large way, building a railway from 
 the mines to a junction with the Santa Ee Railway, 
 thereby permitting them to ship their ore direct to 
 their fifty-stamp mill at Barstow. The Bagdad Com- 
 pany recently acquired by purchase the Chase mines, 
 which adjoin the Bagdad property. The com- 
 pany ships an average of 100 tons of ore a day 
 to the Barstow reduction works, the ore averag- 
 ing $25 in gold per ton. 
 
 Adjoining the Roosevelt and Bagdad proper- 
 ties and extending along some of the most richly- 
 mineralized ground of the district, to the Chase 
 mines, a mile and a half distant, lie the Sierra 
 Grande properties, recentlv acquired by former 
 United States Senator Stephen M. Dorsey, and 
 others. Active preparations are being made for 
 the immediate develonment of the property, and 
 extensive expenditures 
 are being made. 
 
 East of Ludlow dis- 
 trict and south of Dauby, 
 on the Santa Fe Rail- 
 way, is the Old Wom- 
 an's Mountains district, 
 in which are several gold 
 and silver properties. 
 Southwest of that range 
 
 THE RANDSHURG BONANZA, THE 
 ASTER MINE. 
 
 FAMOUS YELLOW 
 
 and on the Riverside county line, is the Dale district, in 
 which mining has been done during the last ten years, 
 but which has only recently begun to attract attention. 
 In this district are such properties as the Capitola, the 
 O. K., Ivanhoe, Brooklyn, Virginia Dale, and many 
 others that could be mentioned, all of which have, under 
 development, shown fine ore bodies carrying values in 
 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 97 
 
 gold, but which have hitherto been handicapped by a 
 lack of sufficient milling to reduce them, and as the 
 camp is not blessed with railway facilities, it has been 
 impossible to ship the ore. The lack of water has 
 been partially overcome in the laying of a pipe line 
 through which water is furnished to some of the 
 mines, but there is not enough of it to furnish all with 
 water. As evidence of the enormous richness of some 
 of the ore in the Dale district, a streak that was un- 
 covered in the Capitola claim may be mentioned 
 which gave returns at the rate of $137,000 gold per 
 ton. Some of the ore was sent to Los Angeles to 
 be assayed, in order to see whether an assay made at 
 the mine of a piece of the same ore would be corrob- 
 orated by the Los Angeles assayer, and it was. 
 
 The southern portion of Inyo county is, through 
 the fact of its being tributary to the city of Los Ange- 
 les, embraced within this southwestern region. The 
 general formation is sim- 
 ilar to that of the north- 
 ern part of San Bernar- 
 dino, which it adjoins. 
 The Panamint district of 
 Inyo county was in days 
 gone by famous for its 
 rich silver mines. At 
 present the principal min- 
 ing is being done in the 
 Ballarat district, one of 
 the chief properties being 
 the Ratcliff mine. In the 
 Angus range, west of Bal 
 larat, Los Angeles parties 
 arc developing a large 
 property ; there is also a 
 good deal of work being 
 clone in the Slate range, south of Ballarat. 
 
 In San Diego county, mining is chiefly confined to 
 the extreme eastern part, bordering on the Colorado 
 River. The best-known mines are the Golden Cross, 
 near Hedges, which have been worked for many years 
 and are still producing in the neighborhood of $11,000 
 per month, but that amount is much less than the 
 production of some eight or ten years ago. The ore 
 is low grade, carrying not to exceed an average of 
 $3-6o gold per ton. There is a very large accumula- 
 tion of tailings at the mine, which are now being 
 cyanided, with fairly good results. 
 
 Another large property in that part of San Diego 
 county is the property of the California King Gold 
 Mines Company, at Picacho. This company has a 
 railway connecting the mines with its milling plant on 
 the Colorado River, distant four and one-half miles. 
 The crushing capacity of the mill is 1000 tons daily, 
 but the tankage capacity is yet insufficient, not more 
 
 than the equivalent of 300 tons a day. The plant 
 was constructed for straight cyaniding. It is built 
 in three units and can be made available to crush 1200 
 tons of ore every twenty-four hours. There is a bin 
 capacity of 2500 tons, and there are ten cyanide tanks 
 of 250 tons each. As a cyaniding proposition the 
 plant is one of the best equipped on the Pacific Coast. 
 The Julian and Banner are two other districts in 
 San Diego county in which mining is being done, but 
 to a limited extent only. Ore bodies are not lacking, 
 but men with sufficient means to open them do not 
 seem to be on hand. 
 
 Kern county has the largest gold mine in the South- 
 west, and, for that matter, one of the largest on the 
 Pacific Coast the Yellow Aster, in the Rand dis- 
 trict. The Yellow Aster Company is a close corpora- 
 tion, and is owned and controlled by John Singleton, 
 C. A. Burcham and Dr. Rose L. Burcham. The prop- 
 erty is in every respect 
 one of the most perfectly 
 equipped on the Pacific 
 Coast, having two stamp 
 mills one of thirty 
 stamps, the other of 100 
 stamps its own water 
 plant, which includes a 
 pumping station and sev- 
 eral miles of pipe line, af- 
 fording an ample supply 
 for all purposes. The 
 mines are electr i c a 1 1 y 
 lighted, every possible 
 improvement and conven- 
 ience to facilitate work 
 and keep down expense 
 being provided. It has 
 a good record of production, and a future that is rich 
 with promise of increasing production for years to 
 come. 
 
 To attempt a list of other mines in the Rand dis- 
 trict would necessitate making it a large one, there 
 beh:g some hundreds of properties in the district that 
 are undergoing development. The Rand, like the 
 Searchlight district, has recently passed through 
 troublous times from labor strikes, but there, as in the 
 other district, the labor strikers went after more wool, 
 but came back fleeced. The mine operators refused to 
 treat with the labor unions ; little by little the miners 
 left camp, and at the proper time their places were 
 supplied by non-union men. From now forward the 
 Rand district will be one of the most flourishing in 
 the Southwest. 
 
 There is one other mining district in Kern county 
 that cannot be overlooked Mojave district, in the 
 western part of the county. While it was well known 
 
 SANTA FE BRIDGE OVER THE MOJAVE KIVER. 
 
98 
 
 MEN OI' ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 to many mining- men that the district contained many 
 rich deposits of gold-bearing- ore, yet not much atten- 
 tion was given them, and but little upon them done. 
 The principal reason for this was that which prevails 
 in so many other mining camps lack of water for 
 mining purposes. Were it otherwise, Nature might 
 be properly accused of being over-liberal. The ore 
 bodies were deposited, but man was left to provide 
 ways and means for furnishing the water necessary 
 to the extraction of the gold and other metals from 
 the ore. In the Mojave district the properties on 
 which the largest development has been done and 
 
 Southern California, during the past twelve months, 
 that are indicative of their existence in sufficiently 
 large quantity as will pay to open the deposits on a 
 commercial scale. Among these precious stones are 
 spodumene (kunzite,) jacinth, chrysoprase and tour- 
 maline. Of kunzite (named after Dr. George Kunz, 
 president of the New York Mineralogical Club,) some 
 very excellent specimens have been found in San 
 Diego county, so good that they have received the 
 indorsement of the more prominent jewelers of New 
 York. The stone is of delicate lilac color, resembling 
 that of pale amethyst. In addition to its being an at- 
 
 VIEW OF THE BAGDAD, ROOSEVELT AND CHASE MINES IN THE RICH BAGDAD DISTRICT, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 which are being successfully operated, are : The 
 Exposed Treasure, Queen Esther, Karma and Echo, 
 the latter having been opened up by G. H. Hooper 
 of Los Angeles. All of these properties are equipped 
 with machinery and reduction plants, and, now that 
 they have water, are proving that the ores of the 
 Mojave district can be profitably worked. 
 
 Another branch of mining that is assuming some 
 proportions in this southwestern region is that of 
 precious stones, and which is fittingly reserved as the 
 conclusion of this article. There have been some dis- 
 coveries of gems in San Diego and Riverside counties, 
 
 tractive gem stone in color and luster, it possesses 
 the neculiar property of fluorescence. Prof. Basker- 
 ville, of the University of North Carolina, who has 
 taken much interest in this new gem, states that '' after 
 being exposed to ordinary sunlight, the power of 
 fluorscence is apparent, and that also upon exposure 
 to the Roentgen rays for a period of five minutes a 
 piece of kunzite will absorb sufficient radiance to pho- 
 tograph itself upon a piece of sensitive paper if left in 
 a dark room, remaining slightly self-luminous for 
 some minutes." This will form a portion of Cali- 
 fornia's mineral exhibit at the St. Louis Exposition. 
 
 -v 
 
MEN Ol' ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 99 
 
 THE GOLD ROADS MINE. 
 
 THE list of Arizona mines published two years ago 
 contained no mention of the Gold Roads. This great 
 property was then an undeveloped prospect, and the 
 millions of gold which are hidden in its veins were then 
 unknown. For a number of years the prospectors of King- 
 man, Arizona, had camped upon the 200 acres comprising 
 its holdings, never dreaming that beneath their feet was one 
 
 IN THE SAN FRANCISCO MINING DISTRICT. 
 
 of the richest of Nature's depositories. Indeed, in the latter 
 '6o's soldiers stationed at Fort Mojave, about fourteen miles 
 from the property, prospected the neighborhood and never 
 stumbled on to the future gold producer. And now the Gold 
 Roads is a young mine. Its production dates from the 
 second of June of the past year, at which time the mill 
 commenced operations. 
 
 The history of the discovery of the Gold Roads mine reads 
 like a fable from some fairy tale. Out in Arizona it is 
 an old story of how an old Mexican prospector, down on 
 his luck, secured a $12 grubstake from Henry Lovin, at 
 that time sheriff of Mojave county, and while on his way 
 over the range to the flats of the Colorado river, he camped 
 on the ridge and kicked up a piece of float that 
 looked good ; of how the old Mexican and his grubstaker 
 each realized $25,000 cash for the property, the sale of which 
 was negotiated through a local mining promoter. 
 
 The Gold Roads Mining and Exploration Company was 
 organized by Messrs. O. P. Posey, William Bayly and Clar- 
 ence McCornick, all of whom are among the best known 
 mining operators in the West, and who have been closely 
 identified with extensive mining interests for many years. 
 While these gentlemen acquired possession of the property in 
 September, 1901, it was not until July, 1902, that the present 
 company was formed. The property which was acquired is 
 situated between the summit of a ragged range of hills and 
 the valley of the Colorado river, which is less than ten miles 
 distant in an air line. It lies twenty-five miles southwest 'of 
 Kingman, Arizona, and an equal distance northeast of the 
 Needles, California. A flourishing little camp has grown 
 with the development of the mine, and at present the pop- 
 ulation is close to 400. The total acreage of the company 
 is something over 225 acres, comprising the following claims: 
 
 the Silver Dollar, Gold Dollar, Gold Dollar Extension, 
 Houghton, Gambler, Robbin, Tip Top, Climax, Gold Roads, 
 Lime Road and Billy Bryan. 
 
 The Gold Roads is pre-eminent in more respects than one. 
 One of the most interesting and modern features in con- 
 nection with it is its machinery equipment. In both the mine 
 and mill the most modern and perfect mechanical effects 
 have been secured. It is lighted throughout with electricity, 
 and is in every respect a modern mine. The engine-room 
 at the mill houses ten gasoline engines with a combined 
 horse-power of 342, while a 54-horse-power engine is in use 
 at the mine to supply power for the hoist. Crude oil is used 
 for fuel, and something like 650 gallons are required daily. 
 This has proven to be a most inexpensive and thoroughly 
 satisfactory fuel, and indeed, were it not for its use, it is safe 
 to say the mine could not be operated profitably without 
 railroad connections. 
 
 The Gold Roads is operated through a double compartment 
 shaft which has been put down 325 feet. Three levels with 
 extensive drifting has been done, and ore is being milled 
 from all parts of the various levels. The shaft will be carried 
 (o a depth of 500 feet, and lower levels be run as soon as 
 it is expedient. The shaft is equipped with a double cage, 
 or rather a skip, into which the ore cars are emptied on the 
 various levels. The skip is self-operating, and upon reach- 
 ing the surface is automatically dumped into the crusher, 
 from which the ore is emptied into the bins over the first 
 tunnel. In detail the development consists of a 2Og-foot 
 drift to the west on the loo-foot level, and a 26g-foot drift 
 to the east. Both are with the ledge, which runs 20 degrees 
 north of east. On the second level, the cast drift extends 
 185 feet, and the west drift 248 feet. Immense amounts of 
 ore have been knocked down in all the levels, especially the 
 third level, where the drifts extend 230 feet in each direction 
 from the shaft. As the ore body shows an average width 
 
 FIRST SHAFT-HOUSE ON THE GOLD ROADS. 
 
 of twelve feet throughout the workings, some idea of the 
 quantity of ore blocked out may be gained. 
 
 Without an exception the plant is one of the most com- 
 pletely equipped mines and mills in Arizona. Not only is 
 the mill well arranged to insure the economical handling of 
 
100 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 ore, but the machinery installed is the latest and most 
 approved pattern. The ore reaches the mill by a 1400-1001 
 track from the mine, and is dumped into the mill bins, which 
 have a capacity of 200 tons. From the ore bins the ore 
 works by gravity through the entire process, no handling 
 being necessary. Passing between two sets of revolving 
 coarse rolls it is crushed until it passes through a quarter- 
 inch mesh. From there, when the condition of the ore 
 requires it, it passes through two sets of revolving driers, 
 and then into finishing rolls, 40 x 60 inches in diameter. The 
 ore then passes through Colorado impact screens, the first 
 being a 16 mesh, and the second a 25 x 40 mesh. Classification 
 of the ore is made while it is in suspension in the screens, 
 
 city, and the Colorado Iron Works of Denver, Colorado. 
 
 Water for the camp, which is known to the postal authori- 
 ties as Acme, Arizona, is pumped from Little Meadows, three 
 miles distant, where there are natural springs which have 
 been used by travelers over the old trail for the past forty 
 years. A large pumping plant is maintained at Little Mead- 
 ows, and the water is forced through a two-inch pipe over a 
 75o-foot rise and down to the camp at the rate of twenty 
 gallons per minute, which is ample to supply the camp, mine 
 and mill. In the event of a larger amount of water being 
 necessary, it could be secured from the same source. 
 
 In predicting the future of the Gold Roads, it is only nec- 
 essary to take into consideration a few facts to establish 
 
 (l) GOLD ROADS MILL. (2) ORE BINS AND TRAM. (3) WATER TANKS. (4) HOIST. 
 
 and the fines that are taken out amount to less than 10 per 
 cent, of the output of the mill. The slimes are taken out 
 by a scries of suction pipes and are deposited in bins that 
 have been placed in the canyon below the mill. After the 
 cyanide tanks have been partly filled with coarse pulp, the 
 slimes are then taken and placed on top, forming a blanket, 
 and the leaching begins. There are sixteen of these immense 
 tanks, and the distributing is done by a Robbins conveyor. 
 The machinery for the mill, which is in charge of Fred 
 Bailey, a millman of wide experience throughout the West, 
 is modern in every particular, and was designed for the 
 Gold Roads company by the Llewellyn Iron Works of this 
 
 the fact that as a producer and dividend payer the mine is 
 still in its infancy. Of the 225 acres of rich mineral land 
 owned by the company, less than 10 per cent, has been 
 exploited, and of the veins and ore bodies exposed but a 
 comparatively small portion has averaged less than the body 
 it is now working upon. In the radius of the present 
 development is virgin ground of sufficient extent to occupy 
 the attention of the company for years to come. What the 
 future has in store for the Gold Roads no one can definitely 
 tell, but to foresee continued and increasing greatness for 
 the mine does not require the scientific vision of an expert. 
 
FOR. 
 
 mwnm. 
 
 G. H. HOOPER. 
 
 Gil. HOOPER is a native of New Hampshire, but 
 t at one year of age was taken by his parents 
 to New York State, where he was edu- 
 cated and grew to manhood. When still in his teens 
 lie accepted a position with the Dixon Crucible Com- 
 pany of Jersey City, one of the largest concerns of its 
 kind in the United States. The company owns its own mines 
 of graphite in the northern part of New York State, and for 
 thirteen years Mr. Hooper mined and refined all the domestic 
 graphite used at the Jersey City plant, and he is yet retained 
 by the company as its consult- 
 ing engineer. Here it was 
 that he received his introduc- 
 tion to that most alluring of all 
 pursuits mining. After hav- 
 ing spent thirteen years in the 
 service of the company and re- 
 ceived a knowledge of miner- 
 alogy and geology that was ac- 
 quired by practical experience, 
 he determined upon visiting the 
 West and investigating for 
 himself the possibilities af- 
 forded by the mineral re- 
 sources of the Southwest. 
 
 Six years ago he commenced 
 looking over sections of the 
 West for a suitable mining 
 property, and two years ago he 
 commenced investigating the 
 region around Mojave. He has 
 since then been actively en- 
 gaged in prosecuting develop- 
 ment work on the properties 
 which he acquired. The first 
 property he purchased was the 
 Echo group of mines, which he 
 secured title to in 1901. The 
 following year he purchased 
 the Gray Eagle group, and 
 merged the two under the one 
 title of the Echo Mining Com- 
 pany, of which he is president. 
 Mr. Hooper arrived at a time when the Mojave district was 
 literally honeycombed with prospect holes. He was too late 
 to stake a claim, but not too late to invest in claims others 
 had staked, and the business judgment of years, reinforced by 
 a keen discernment, directed him wisely in the selection of 
 properties. The first properties he purchased had been pro- 
 ducers, the Echo having shipped over $10,000 worth of ore, 
 while the Gray Eagle had also entered the list of shipping 
 mines to the extent of some $30,000. He was successful with 
 his promotion from the start, organizing the company under 
 
 o. H. HOOPER. 
 
 the laws of the Territory of Arizona, and interesting personal 
 friends in the East in the company. 
 
 Development work on the property is now conducted 
 through a tunnel some 800 feet in length, which cuts the vein 
 256 feet from the mouth of the tunnel. A mill with a capacity 
 of thirty-five tons daily is in operation at the mine, and is 
 proving most satisfactory. Preparations are now about com- 
 pleted for the addition of twenty more stamps to the mill, 
 and cyanide equipment, at a cost of $20,000. The ore is free 
 milling, and is a gold and silver proposition, that coming 
 
 from the Gray Eagle running 
 about three ounces of silver 
 to an ounce of gold, while 
 the ore from the Echo group 
 is practically free from any 
 silver. 
 
 The water problem, which 
 has proven so difficult a sub- 
 ject for many desert com- 
 panies, has been successfully 
 solved by Mr. Hooper, Thom- 
 son & Boyle and the Karma 
 Company, who have built a 
 four-inch pipe line a disatnce 
 of fifteen and a half miles 
 and brought the water neces- 
 sary for mining and milling 
 directly to the mines in quan- 
 tities sufficient for all pur- 
 poses. The location of the 
 company's properties, which 
 consist of over 250 acres of 
 the best mineralized section of 
 the Mojave district, is most 
 accessible to the railroad, be- 
 ing but four miles from 
 Mojave, the junction of two 
 of the great transcontinental 
 lines, while freight to the 
 mines is hauled from Fleta, a 
 station on the Southern Pa- 
 cific, but two miles from the 
 mine. 
 
 M,r. Hooper came to Los Angeles from a successful business 
 career in the East, and his experience has proved that it is 
 not so much mining ore as correct business principles that 
 counts in mining. In floating the Echo Mining Company 
 he has been conservative in his representations, and as a 
 result the stockholders of the company, which is a close 
 corporation, have reasons to congratulate themselves. Mr. 
 Hooper is a man of ability and keen perception, and these 
 qualities have combined to establish an enviable reputation 
 in mining circles throughout the State. 
 
102 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT /A THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 GEORGE MITCHELL. 
 
 IT IS a noteworthy fact that a great change has taken place 
 in the history of mines and mining within the past two 
 decades. Where formerly the average person's conception 
 of a "mine" brpught visions of gold, today the well informed 
 listener inquires, "What kind of a mine is it?" In the days 
 of the Comstock Lode and the acquisition of wealth by the 
 Sharons, Mackays, Floods, O'Briens and other of the early 
 California millionaires, their wealth was obtained from the 
 apparently exhaustless silver mines of the Comstock. Later 
 mining millionaires were known as " gold kings," while today 
 the wealthiest mining men of the United States are " copper 
 kings." Such enormous fortunes as those accumulated by the 
 late Marcus Daly, Senator 
 William A. Clark, R Au- 
 gust Heinze and other of 
 the Montana mining men 
 were amassed in the pro- 
 duction of copper. And 
 while Montana, Arizona 
 and Michigan have long 
 held the record for the 
 copper-producing States, 
 much capital is now being 
 directed to the fabulously 
 rich deposits of this metal 
 just across the interna- 
 tional boundary line which 
 separates us from our sis- 
 ter Republic to the south. 
 
 Stories of the wealth of 
 these mines are legion, and 
 it is an established fact 
 that they have been mined 
 for the past three cen- 
 turies. Undoubtedly much 
 of the wealth of the Az- 
 tecs came from famous 
 producers, but among the 
 mining men of the day 
 who have profited by their 
 exploitation and success- 
 ful treatment of their 
 ores, few have profited to 
 a greater degree than 
 George Mitchell, who has 
 in the course of less than 
 five years earned recogni- 
 tion among such copper 
 magnates as Senator W. 
 A. Clark, F. August 
 Heinze, and others of 
 
 lesser magnitude in mining circles. The wonderful success of 
 Mr. Mitchell has not been due to a practical knowledge of Alin- 
 ing. That he has acquired in the course of experience. Not the 
 talent and skill which enter into the detail, but the genius to 
 select and direct special ability, and a masterful knowledge 
 of metallurgy, which enabled him to find a way of treating 
 and fluxing the refractory ores that had defied the efforts of 
 the most capable mining experts and metallurgists the coun- 
 try has produced. On this rare gift has been builded the great- 
 ness of his mines. 
 
 Since early boyhood Mr. Mitchell has been associated with 
 
 more or less mining excitement, and at his birthplace in 
 Swansea, Wales, he had many opportunities to become 
 familiar with the great smelting and refining concerns of that 
 historic city. His father was a sea captain, and the family 
 had lived in Wales for generations. As a lad young Mitchell 
 attended the public schools of his native city, later supple- 
 menting this with a course at the Morgan Chemical School, 
 of Swansea, from which institution he graduated at an early 
 age. Soon after his graduation he secured a position as 
 sampler and assistant in the laboratory of a copper, silver and 
 nickel works, so although still young in years, it can readily 
 be seen that Mr. Mitchell is ripe in experience, for at a time 
 
 when most boys of his 
 age were engaged in the 
 elementary studies, he had 
 already selected and was 
 embarked upon the career 
 that was to win him 
 wealth and influ e n c e. 
 During a period of three 
 years' service with the 
 company he steadily ad- 
 vanced and filled the posi- 
 tions of smelter, refiner 
 and reducer of gold, cop- 
 per and nickel in the 
 metallurgical department 
 of the works. Subse- 
 quently he secured em- 
 ployment with the South 
 Wales Smelting Company 
 at Swansea, and at the age 
 of twenty was in com- 
 plete charge of the smelt- 
 ing department of this im- 
 mense concern. During 
 this period of time young 
 Mitchell was receiving an 
 insight into metallurgy 
 which proved invaluable 
 to him in later life. His 
 duties gave him complete 
 charge of the testing and 
 refining of copper ores, 
 which were received by 
 the smelter from practic- 
 ally all over the world, 
 thus giving him oppor- 
 tunities to become familiar 
 with the character of ores 
 which would have been 
 
 denied a metallurgist in a less renowned plant than that in 
 which he was retained. 
 
 The same opportunities which presented him with samples 
 of ores from all quarters of the globe, also instilled into his 
 breast the desire to see the mines from which the samples 
 were obtained, and accordingly, in 1887, he determined to 
 visit the United States. Arriving at Baltimore he immedi- 
 ately secured recognition as a metallurgist of ability, and 
 obtained a position with the Baltimore Copper Works, remain- 
 ing in charge of their plant for a year. For the next few 
 years he was identified with a number of smelting and 
 
 GEORGE MITCH ELI, 
 
MEN 01' ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 103 
 
 refining plants in various parts of the country, before he 
 finally moved to Montana, where he became associated with 
 the smelting interests of that great copper camp. 
 
 Upon the erection of the immense plant of the Boston- 
 Montana Copper and Silver Mining and Smelting Company 
 at Great Falls, he assisted in the construction of the works, 
 and upon its completion assumed the duties of assistant super- 
 intendent and gtneral foreman. He remained with these 
 great interests until 1890, when at the earnest solicitation of 
 Senator W. A. Clark he consented to take charge of his 
 smelting works at Jerome, Arizona. The United Verde, with 
 a dividend record of nearly $25,000,000, still further impressed 
 upon Mr. Mitchell's mind the great possibilities of copper 
 properties. While engaged in his metallurgical work in con- 
 nection with the various smelters, his inventive genius had 
 wonderful opportunity for action. He patented refining fur- 
 
 before, the mines had been worked for silver by the Span- 
 iards, and the slag, rich with copper, was left upon the dump. 
 Marcus Daly's experts and W. A. Clark's experts had 
 attempted to report on the properties, but owing to imperfect 
 titles at one time, and the inability of another to secure the 
 holdings he wished, both deals fell through. Something like 
 fourteen years ago a representative of St. Louis capital had 
 erected a smelter on the east end of the claims, but the project 
 was abandoned and the enterprise failed. Later, along came 
 F. August Heinze, fresh from his successes in the Northwest. 
 He reopened the plant and, too, was compelled to admit his 
 defeat. The truth of the matter has since been demonstrated 
 that the Cananea's successful working was a metallurgical and 
 not a mining problem. It remained for George Mitchell, with 
 his genius and technical skill, combined with his perseverance 
 and practical experience, to solve the solution of the fluxing 
 
 RESIDENCE OF GEORGE MITCHELL. 
 
 naces and refining processes that are in use by such great 
 mining properties as the Copper Queen of Arizona, and the 
 famous United Verde Mines of the same place, while in his 
 own great smelters at Cananea they are also in general use. 
 These inventions have proved a gratifying source of revenue 
 to him, as well as a process which he invented for saving the 
 remelted slags from the ordinary converters ; he also invented 
 a steam generator which is being operated with success at his 
 Mexican smelters. 
 
 It was along in 1897 that Mr. Mitchell became interested on 
 his own account in the famous Cananea property, and, resign- 
 ing his position at the United Verde, he devoted his entire 
 time to the acquirement of the claims constituting the group. 
 The history of the mines reads like a romance. Centuries 
 
 of the ores of this ancient old bonanza which seemed sim- 
 ple when it was announced that the ores of the east and west 
 ends, when properly mixed in the right proportion, solved 
 their own problem of smelting. 
 
 Fallowing the acquisition of the property, and the organiza- 
 tion of the Cobre Grande Copper Company by Mr. Mitchell, 
 was a series of law suits and litigation extending over a 
 period of two years in both the Mexican and the United 
 States courts. The Cobre Grande Company, failing to comply 
 with the terms of its agreement, Mr. Mitchell had the 
 property reconveyed to himself, and pooling issues with W. 
 C. Greene, who had acquired large holdings in the Cananea, 
 formed the present Greene Consolidated Copper Mining Com- 
 pany. 
 
104 
 
 MEN 01- ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 The reins of management having been retained by Mr. 
 Mitchell, he at once inaugurated a series of improvements 
 which involved the building of miles of mountain roads and 
 trails from Naco, the nearest town on this side the line, and 
 later a railroad to the property. Immense smelters with a 
 daily capacity of hundreds of tons now treat the ores which 
 baffled the skill of metallurgists since 1618, when the mines 
 were first worked. Mr. Mitchell, after clearing up the titles 
 to the property, commenced an acquisition of the claims 
 embraced in the Cananea's group, which have demonstrated 
 the wisdom of the action, as the company would not dispose 
 of them today for a very large sum. 
 
 Mr. Mitchell had attained the noon of life when he was 
 called upon to administer the affairs of the Cananea. He 
 had traveled extensively and had come in contact with the 
 most successful of the world's mining operators and experts. 
 Travel is a great educator, and Mr. Mitchell has been an apt 
 student. He has been associated with the greatest mining 
 experts of the age, and has personally examined and studied 
 the veins of the Andes, the Rockies and the Cascades. His 
 investments have expanded with his acquisition of wealth, 
 and today they extend from Alaska to Chile. His judgment 
 of the value of a mine is unerring. His fortune has been 
 made not by promoting or by stock speculation, but by actual 
 development of mines, and taking metal out of the ground 
 where it has lain since the beginning of time. 
 
 Briefly it may be stated that Mr. Mitchell has developed 
 the Santa Rosalie Gold Mine of Sonora, Mexico, and placed 
 it upon the list of dividend payers. This famous old property 
 is credited with having produced over $14,000,000, and that by 
 the primitive methods in vogue hundreds of years ago. 
 
 While Mr. Mitchell's mining enterprises in the past have 
 been conducted upon a gigantic scale, and have made million- 
 aires of many of Mr. Greene's friends and associates, his 
 latest exploitation, The Mitchell Mining Company, or as the 
 Mexican corporation is known, " La Dicha Mining and Smelt- 
 ing Company," promises to eclipse in value the famous 
 Cananea properties two to one. For the past two years Mr. 
 Mitchell has been interested in the properties acquired by the 
 company, all of which are located in the State of Guerrero, 
 Mexico, a section of the Republic which offers greater oppor- 
 tunities for capital in the exploitation of its undeveloped 
 mineral resources than any portion of the United States. The 
 principal properties of the Mitchell Mining Company, com- 
 prising mining and timber lands, are located in the districts 
 of Bravos and Tavares, bordering immediately upon the coast 
 line of the State of Guerrero, and lying within a radius of 
 thirty-five miles of the port of Acapulco, on the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 The company has acquired some 200,000 acres of timber 
 lands adjoining its mining properties, most of the ground 
 being heavily timbered with pine and oak, making an ample 
 supply of mining timbers readily accessible, and sufficient to 
 insure all the mining timbers that may be required for the 
 next thirty years. The mining properties of the company 
 consist of what is known as the La Dicha group, titles to 
 
 which have been granted direct from the government, as well 
 as several hundred " pertenencias " under denouncement, title 
 to which is now in process of issue, and are taken over by 
 the company clear of debt. They consist of the following 
 groups: La Dicha, 20 pertenencias; McKinley, 20; Edward 
 VII., 12; Odell, 152, and the Hensey, 96 pertenencias; a total 
 of 300 pertenencias, or an area of 1968 feet in width by 
 16,400 feet in length. 
 
 These various locations have been made upon a continuous 
 wide vein of sulphide ores, and can be traced by the large 
 outcroppings for the full length of the property of 16,400 feet. 
 Probably never before in the history of mining properties has 
 there been such great natural development, the vein having 
 been exposed in five different places by a river and its 
 branches, these streams cutting the vein down to the sul- 
 phides to a depth of from 150 to 200 feet below the apex of 
 the iron croppings and showing a width of 175 to 200 feet. 
 
 Since Mr. Mitchell became interested in the property he 
 has expended over $300,000 in developing the same and estab- 
 lishing permanent quarters at the mine. Development work 
 has been prosecuted through nine tunnels and four shafts, 
 making in all over 2500 feet of development work on the 
 property. A force of between two and three hundred men 
 is constantly upon the company's pay roll, and Mr. Mitchell 
 with characteristic vigor and enterprise is delving into the 
 property with the object of getting it upon a dividend-paying 
 .basis. Millions of dollars worth of ore is in sight, and 
 reports of mining experts of national reputation corroborate 
 the report made by the eminent geologist, Mr. Robert T. Hill, 
 of Washington, D. C., who in December of last year made an 
 exhaustive examination of the property. 
 
 The company owns an i8,ooo-acre plantation in the imme- 
 diate vicinity of its mining property on which it has herds 
 of cattle and flocks of sheep, it being the purpose of the 
 management to supply the camp with fresh meat from its 
 own ranch. Pineapples, bananas, limes, grapes and all tropi- 
 cal fruits grow in abundance upon the plantation, and its 
 possibilities are almost unlimited. 
 
 The officers of the Mitchell Mining Company are among the 
 best known mining, financial and professional men of the 
 country, men whose names are associated with gigantic and 
 successful enterprises. Mr. Mitchell is president and treas- 
 urer of the company, and administers its affairs. His reputa- 
 tion as a copper expert is international, and he may properly 
 be classed with the " copper kings " of the world. 
 
 His interests are not confined to his Mexican mines, for 
 he is heavily interested in Los Angeles realty, and owns one 
 of the city's most attractive homes, located in the midst of 
 spacious grounds and a profusion of tropical foliage. His 
 business requires his time in various parts of the country, 
 but his family make this their permanent home. All of Mr. 
 Mitchell's investments seem to have wooed and won the smile 
 of Dame Fortune, and his success has been little short of 
 phenomenal. 
 
MSN 01' ACHIEVEMENT /AT THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 105 
 
 NILS OLOF BAGGE. 
 
 IT HAS been urged against mining by the novitiate that 
 one has to be the " early " bird to reap a harvest of gold. 
 No impression could be more erroneous, as has been 
 demonstrated beyond dispute by countless instances to the 
 contrary in the mining history of the Great Southwest; and 
 residents of Los Angeles do not have to go beyond their own 
 dooryard for convincing evidence that every day has its 
 opportunities, and that they are not reserved for the " lucky " 
 man more than for the conservative and far-seeing investor. 
 Especially is this true of quartz mining, where extensive 
 development is required to exploit a mine, and even in the 
 case of placers the successful working of abandoned ground 
 is of frequent occurrence. 
 Among the striking exam- 
 ples afforded by the little 
 colony of mining men in 
 this city substantiating the 
 preceding assertions, few 
 better individual instances 
 could be quoted than the 
 following career of the 
 gentleman whose name will 
 be recognized at the head 
 of this article. 
 
 A native of Gothenberg, 
 on the west coast of 
 Sweden, N. O. Bagge com- 
 menced life but thirty-four 
 years ago. He early evinced 
 a fondness for study, and 
 before leaving his teens had 
 graduated from the princi- 
 pal home college, with the 
 sole idea of emigrating to 
 this country, having become 
 impressed with the greater 
 opportunities afforded here, 
 and he accordingly arrived 
 in New York City in 1888. 
 
 His technical knowledge 
 served him in good stead, 
 when he was first called 
 upon to visit Southern Ari- 
 zona and make a report 
 upon some properties there 
 in the interest of Eastern 
 clients. Being a member 
 of the American Institute 
 of Mining Engineers, he 
 was brought into close 
 touch with mining men, 
 and afforded many opportunities for profitable investment. 
 
 Realizing the possibilities of American capital and push in 
 Old Mexico (having had the matter of labor, particularly, 
 brought forcibly to his attention) ; he has therefore kept two 
 competent mining engineers and experts in the field there, 
 hunting up desirable properties for development. Mr. D. W. 
 Shanks of this city, one of the engineers in Mr. Bagge's 
 employ, reported most favorably on their property, consisting 
 of 319 pertenencias, or Mexican mining claims, and upon vis- 
 iting the property and personally examining it, Mr. Bagge 
 purchased the claims. 
 
 For years, the Parral branch of the Mexican Central Rail 
 
 NILS OLOF BAGGE 
 
 road has borne past this mountain range mine-seekers from 
 the States bound for Parra! or points far away in the Sierras. 
 Twenty miles from Jimenez, Sierra de Almoloya looms up 
 to the left of the railroad, and about four miles distant from 
 the nearest station, and at thirty miles it has passed from 
 view. 
 
 Thirty-five years ago, the old Spanish adobe smelters, in 
 treating the lead ores of the Santa Barbara district, sent their 
 pack trains of burros to the prospect holes of this mountain, 
 esteeming the low-grade surface ores of high value for flux- 
 ing, by reason of the large percentage of iron in them, not 
 
 dreaming at the time of the 
 valuable high-grade ores 
 immediately under their 
 feet. Shallow holes were 
 sunk in the mountain side, 
 but before any depth was 
 had. the adobe smelter was 
 a thing of the past, and 
 with it was forgotten the 
 Sierra de Almoloya. Peo- 
 ple were looking for pros- 
 pects less accessible. 
 
 For two years more the 
 coyote held undisputed 
 sway in these mountains, 
 and it remained for a Mex- 
 ican mining engineer to 
 uncover the treasure. 
 
 The Sierra de Almoloya 
 lies in the great lime belt 
 that skirts the eastern base 
 of the Sierra Madre. It 
 is the same belt in which 
 are found the famous mines 
 of Santa Eulalia, Mapimi, 
 Terrazas andt Sierra Mo- 
 jada, which have yielded 
 and still yield millions 
 every year. In none of 
 these camps, justly famous 
 as they are, do the ores 
 carry such values in gold 
 as are found in the Sierra 
 de Almoloya, which is des- 
 tined to take rank with the 
 traditional mines of olden 
 Mexico, which, pouring 
 forth their riches into the 
 waiting laps of the Spanish invaders, marked the golden age 
 in Mexican history. 
 
 In addition to maintaining an office in this city, Mr. Bagge 
 still retains his New York connections and office, and is 
 engaged in working and developing numerous other properties 
 in Arizona and Mexico, besides the two mentioned. 
 
 Mr. Bagge is a firm believer in the great future of Los 
 Angeles, and backs his opinions by having large real estate 
 and other interests here. He owns one of the city's most 
 artistic and attractive homes, located in the most exclusive 
 residence portion of Los Angeles. The grounds abound in 
 a wealth of tropical trees, shrubs and climbing vines. 
 
106 
 
 MSN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 STEPHEN W. DORSEY 
 
 STEPHEN W. DORSEY is a native of the Green 
 Mountain State, and passed his boyhood and early 
 manhood among the hills of his native State. In 1861, 
 at the commencement of the Civil War, he enlisted as .1 
 private in the First Ohio Infantry. After serving his country 
 with distinction during the four years of the war, he was 
 mustered out with the rank of colonel in the army. His 
 experience while serving in the army under Tom Scott, one 
 of the Assistant Secretaries of War, who was in charge of 
 the transportation of troops and supplies, had directed his 
 attention to the possibilities of a railroad career. At the 
 close of the war, at the request of Mr. Scott, at that time 
 president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, he became identified 
 with the reorganization and construction of the lines which 
 had become demoralized during the four years of carnage 
 just closed. Mr. Dorsey continued his connection with Mr. 
 Scott in the Southwest for several years. 
 
 When the Texas and Pacific, Little Rock and Ft. Smith, 
 and Arkansas Central railroads were organized, Mr. Dorsey 
 took an active part in the incorporation 
 and construction of all these roads, 
 moving to Arkansas to devote his en- 
 tire time to the prosecution of the en- 
 terprises. These railroads are today the 
 great trunk lines of the States they 
 traverse, and stand a lasting monument 
 to the untiring efforts and persevering 
 genius of their builders. 
 
 Mr. Dorsey was ever mindful of the 
 duties of good citizenship, and despite 
 the responsibilities devolving upon him, 
 was a member of the Republican Na- 
 tional Committee for the five successive 
 campaigns commencing with that of 
 1868. During a large portion of this 
 time he served as chairman of the Ex- 
 ecutive Committee. His political career, 
 with its attendant successes, is well 
 known. His presence has been felt upon 
 the floor of the United States Senate 
 for the full term of six years, and his 
 record was one of pride to his con- 
 stituency. 
 
 Mr. Dorsey commenced to devote his attention to mining 
 as early as 1873. In connection with the late Senator Chaffee 
 of Colorado, he acquired interests at Central City, and the 
 excitement of Leadville's discovery in 1878 found represent- 
 atives of Senators Dorsey and Chaffee on the ground. 
 Silver Cliff, and the great Colorado silver camp, Aspen, 
 have also claimed a share of his time and attention. When 
 the Cripple Creek discoveries were made in 1891, Mr. Dorsey 
 was early upon the territory and acquired claims and prop- 
 erties that he still retains an interest in. His Colorado 
 mining enterprises, in fact, covered all the principal camps 
 of the State, and covered a period of nearly a quarter of a 
 century. In most of his mining operations he has acted 
 independently, and the measure of success he has attained 
 must be credited to his individual and personal efforts. 
 
 From Colorado Mr. Dorsey became interested in the mines 
 of the Great Southwest, where for the past eight years he 
 has been one of the heaviest and most energetic operators. 
 He has invested his own private fortune in the development 
 
 STEPHEN VV. DORSEY. 
 
 of properties, his ventures proving successful. Becoming 
 impressed with the possibilities and undeveloped resources 
 of this section of the country, he resolved to make his home 
 here in order to more satisfactorily attend to his investments. 
 Disposing of some of his Colorado interests about a year 
 and a half ago he came to Los Angeles, and has since made 
 his home in this city. The family residence, at 2619 Figueroa 
 street, is one of the most beautiful in the city, famed for its 
 handsome homes, while the grounds surrounding the resi- 
 dence are large, and set with tropical trees, shrubs and 
 flowers, with a lawn that might well be the envy of those 
 living in a less favored climate. The accompanying illus- 
 trations will demonstrate the beauties and extent of the 
 grounds in a most striking manner. 
 
 The first California mining venture of any moment to 
 claim his attention was the California King. The property 
 was a low grade proposition of great magnitude. After 
 having developed the property and placed it upon a shipping 
 basis, he disposed of his interests for a handsome sum. The 
 mine is today one of the best produc- 
 ers in that section of the State. Since 
 the consummation of that deal, Mr. 
 Dorsey has been acquiring large hold- 
 ings in various portions of Southern 
 California and Arizona, and is expend- 
 ing generous sums in developing the 
 same. He is interested in the Rands- 
 burg camp, and is also identified with 
 the Johannesburg Gold Mines Company, 
 located near the camp of that name. 
 Among the most recent of his invest- 
 ments, and one of particular promise, 
 is that of the Sierra Grande Gold Mines 
 Company, located in the Bagdad dis- 
 trict, just off the main line of the Santa 
 Fe Railroad, but connected with it by a 
 branch line ten miles in length, which 
 joins the Santa Fe at Ludlovv. The 
 company owns forty-three mining claims 
 in the center of the richly mineralized 
 zone of that district. Ex-United States 
 Senator John P. Jones is president of 
 the company, while associated with it is 
 
 Lionel A. Sheldon, former Governor of New Mexico, as 
 well as mining men, bankers and business men of substantial 
 character and undoubted business ability and financial re- 
 sources. In Arizona among other properties of promise may 
 be mentioned the Gold Roads Extension Company, which 
 owns claims on the vein adjoining those now being so success- 
 fully operated by the Gold Roads Mines and Exploration 
 Company of this city. 
 
 Mr. Dorsey's liberal investments have contributed much 
 to the growth and development of the entire Southwest; but 
 however much he could do through the direct outlay of 
 capital, it could not equal the service he has rendered Cali- 
 fornia in bringing her resources to the attention of the mining 
 and financial world. Mr. Dorsey has acquired his wealth by 
 a display of business ability of the highest order. He is a 
 man of fine personality, as well as business acumen, and dis- 
 charges the duties of citizenship in all its capacities with the 
 utmost honor. 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT /A" THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 107 
 
 SENATOR STEPHEN W. DORSEY'S RESIDENCE AND GROUNDS. 
 
108 
 
 MSN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 JOHN SINGLETON. 
 
 "H 
 
 E STRUCK it rich." What other calling than 
 mining evokes such an expression in reference to 
 its successful members? If a man accumulates 
 fortune in mercantile pursuits, he is accounted astute; if he 
 attains eminence in the professions, he is robed in brilliancy ; 
 if invention yields him fame, he is a genius it is only the 
 mining man who is the " lucky cuss." Yet the careers of 
 most of the mining men of California would indicate that 
 ability had quite as much to do with successful mining as 
 luck, and of those who have won wealth and prominence in 
 the Great Southwest few will be found on the fools' register. 
 John Singleton is not a mere lucky adventurer who quit 
 some other occupation 
 and " struck it rich " by 
 a happy mining accident. 
 He was, and is, a miner, 
 first, last and all the 
 time. When Gen. Law- 
 ton was introduced to a 
 shouting crowd, he said, 
 with a touch of pathos, 
 " I am not a hero, I am 
 only a regular." John 
 Singleton is only ;i 
 miner. He is a profes- 
 sional miner, one bred 
 to the vocation ; one 
 who entered upon his 
 life work in his youth, 
 and who, after devoting 
 over thirty years of in- 
 telligent study and effort 
 to the work, has had 
 and gratifying 
 
 He has not 
 achieved' great 
 
 he has won 
 fame as well, and he 
 will live in our history 
 as the ideal miner. In- 
 deed, he is the pioneer 
 of the typical miner of 
 the future, for, although 
 he did not have the tech- 
 nical education of the 
 mining school to com- 
 mence with, he was 
 compelled to acquire in 
 the course of his prac- 
 tical development, almost 
 all the scientific knowl- 
 edge which mining 
 schools now teach, and which is indispensable to the rapid 
 growth of the mining industry. The first generation of 
 miners which overran the mining regions had for its historic 
 figures the heroes of the lucky finds ; the new generation will 
 be distinguished by its scientific miners, whose keen knowl- 
 edge of the geological formations, combined with practical 
 business acumen, will enable them to do what John Singleton 
 did, and find fortunes in rocks that had been prospected in 
 vain by the unscientific for years. 
 
 A native of Sunny Tennessee, John Singleton began life 
 in 1847. Here he attended the common schools and received 
 
 ample 
 success, 
 merely 
 wealth ; 
 
 JOHN SINGU.TON. 
 
 his early education, later supplementing it at Eastern insti- 
 tutions of learning. Upon the completion of his education, 
 and having reached man's estate, he accepted a position in the 
 cotton brokerage office of a wealthy uncle in Texas. Here 
 he remained some time, gaining an invaluable general knowl- 
 edge of business methods, all of which was to prove useful to 
 him in later life. In the fall of '69 the Union Pacific Railroad 
 was completed, and that and the following year marked one 
 of the greatest mining excitements of the period the White 
 Pine rush into Nevada. Young Singleton became infused 
 with the fever and joined the throng seeking fortunes in the 
 far West. He did not stop in Nevada, however, but came 
 
 directly through to Cali- 
 fornia, the State of his 
 adoption, where he be- 
 came at once actively in- 
 terested in quartz min- 
 ing, and laid the founda- 
 tion for the practical 
 experience to which he 
 owes so much of his 
 subsequent success. It is 
 not the purpose to fol- 
 low his career through 
 the dozen or more 
 camps that claimed his 
 attention previous to his 
 locating the famous bo- 
 nanza of the Randsburg 
 district, but we may say 
 briefly that his experi- 
 ence was that of hun- 
 dreds of other Western 
 mining men who have, 
 in the course of their 
 experience, made and 
 lost a score of fortunes, 
 and braved the dangers 
 of the frontier troubles 
 of that time. The Amer- 
 ican mining man of 
 moderate resources is a 
 born plunger, and it is 
 through his fearless in- 
 vestment that the min- 
 eral wealth of the coun- 
 try has been exploited 
 and opened up; and, in- 
 cidentally, that many in- 
 dividual instances are re- 
 corded where prominent 
 mining men have found 
 themselves once more at the foot of the ladder. But hope 
 and perseverance are virtues with which the miner has been 
 liberally endowed, and temporary reverses are but mile- 
 stones in his checkered career. So with Mr. Singleton. 
 He had made and lost considerable sums without attaining 
 that measure of wealth to create in him the spirit of 
 conservatism dominating other fields of enterprise ; but 
 his time had been most profitably improved under the 
 tutelage of the greatest of masters experience and he 
 was amply equipped for the exercise of sound knowledge 
 in all subsequent demands upon his judgment. Those 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 109 
 
 demands came upon his entry to the Randsburg district. 
 In company with C. A. Burcham and F. M. Mooers, he 
 located the world-renowned Yellow Aster mine on the 22d 
 day of April, 1895. They commenced work upon the property 
 at once, although under great difficulties, as all the water 
 used had to be hauled over twelve miles to the camp. Mr. 
 Singleton demonstrated the value of his practical experience 
 by locating over 265 acres of quartz claims and about 100 
 acres of placer claims. The story of the famous Yellow 
 Aster, the mine which has produced millions in a period of 
 
 Labor disturbances in the summer of 1903 seriously retarded, 
 for a time, the great mine's production, but with a steady 
 hand the affairs of the company were guided over the threat- 
 ening times, and the Yellow Aster is now, and has for many 
 months been, worked to its utmost capacity. 
 
 Mr. Singleton has made his home in Los Angeles for the 
 past few years, and has one of the most beautiful homes in 
 this city. " Singleton Court " is one of the show places of 
 the city. The grounds are extensive and beautifully cared 
 for, and are filled with many rare specimens of tropical and 
 
 SINGLETON COURT. 
 
 less than eight years, is told elsewhere in this magazine. A 
 wealth of illustrations will speak better than words for the 
 money that has been expended in improving the property. 
 The discovery of the Yellow Aster marked an epoch in the 
 history of mining in Southern California. While mines had 
 licen opened in various districts in the southern portion of 
 the State, up to the discovery of the Yellow Aster no bonanza 
 could be boasted of. The immense sums of money that have 
 beer expended on the property came from the mine itself, 
 which has, under the judicious management of Mr. Singleton 
 and his partners, become one of the great mines of the State. 
 
 semi-tropical trees, shrubs and plants. Mr. Singleton is not 
 a plunger. He is the possessor of vast interests, admitting 
 and demanding the utmost conservatism, and he has risen to 
 the occasion. He is reinforced by his wide experience in 
 mining, and the history of his mining assets is a history of 
 growth under the influence of sagacious and successful man- 
 agement. John Singleton is courteous and unassuming in 
 manner, and impresses one as a man of modest and intrinsic 
 worth. His deeds reflect the big-hearted generosity which is 
 the heritage of the West, and much is owed to his liberality 
 and enterprise that never reaches the public ear. 
 
110 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 H. M. RUSSELL. 
 
 AMONG the little colony of men in this city who have 
 been instrumental in developing the mines of not only 
 this, but adjoining States, with their own private capital, 
 and interesting that of others, few have accomplished more 
 or worked in a broader field than the gentleman whose name 
 appears at the head of this article. Through his efforts the 
 firm of Douglas, Lacey & Co., the well-known bankers and 
 brokers of New York City, has become interested in the 
 great Southwest, and is now, under the direction of Maj. 
 Russell, actively engaged in the development and operation of 
 a number of mining companies and oil companies whose field 
 of operation extends from Alaska to the Republic of Mexico. 
 
 The careers of the mining men of Los Angeles furnish 
 some of the country's most 
 interesting bits of personal 
 history. That of Maj. H. 
 M. Russell is no exception 
 to the general rule. From 
 the time he attained his ma- 
 jority he has been living in 
 the adventurous atmosphere 
 of a mining camp, and be- 
 ing constantly associated 
 with mining men it is not 
 surprising that we find his 
 life has been devoted to the 
 following of this most al- 
 luring of all pursuits. He 
 owes his nativity to the 
 Empire State, having been 
 born fifty-seven years ago 
 in Jamestown, N. Y. At 
 the age of twenty he left 
 home and headed his bark 
 of fortune toward Colorado, 
 in which State he arrived 
 in 1865, when Denver was 
 little more than a frontier 
 town and miles from a rail- 
 road. In the latter '6o's 
 Boulder and Gilpin counties 
 were the scenes of intense 
 mining excitement, and at- 
 tracted thither by reports of 
 the remarkable discoveries, 
 young Russell soon became 
 familiar with the topograph- 
 ical and geological forma- 
 tion of a large portion of 
 those and adjoining dis- 
 tricts. 
 
 In 1878, when reports of the famous Leadville strikes 
 reached his ears, Mr. Russell was early on the ground. He 
 remained in that camp for some time, going from there to 
 the Gunnison country with a number of associates. He 
 relates many amusing experiences in the various camps of 
 the State, and, as well, many that were severe tests of the 
 nerve of the man. In entering the Gunnison country in the 
 winter of '79 he found it necessary to tunnel a distance of 
 400 feet through the snow in order to cross a slide that 
 had rendered the trail impassable. These and many more 
 narratives equally as venturesome are among the rem- 
 
 MAJ. H. M. RUSSELL. 
 
 iniscences he has of Colorado in the early days. 
 A feature of his experience in which he takes a praise- 
 worthy pride, and one that was destined to be of inestimable 
 value to him in later years, was the apprenticeship he served, 
 working on his own properties with pick and shovel, for it 
 is to the practical lessons learned in this manner that he 
 largely attributes his great success in the management and 
 development of properties. It is from this practical schooling 
 gained from the thousand-foot level to the surface, that Maj. 
 Russell is indebted for his knowledge of mining and metal- 
 lurgy. For a number of years Mr. Russell mined and pros- 
 pected throughout Nevada and various parts of New Mexico 
 and Arizona, before becoming interested in the Sister 
 
 Republic to the south. In 
 1887, in company with bus- 
 iness associates of Los An- 
 geles, he purchased what 
 was known as the Aurora 
 claim in Alamo Camp, 
 Lower California. T h e 
 prospect, for the develop- 
 ment work at that time con- 
 sisted of a twenty-eight- 
 foot shaft, is located about 
 seventy miles inland from 
 Ensenada, and in a rich, 
 mineralized zone. Devel- 
 opment disclosed a ledge of 
 free gold, which made aver- 
 age assays that demon- 
 strated its richness. He at 
 once organized the Aurora 
 Gold Mining Company, and 
 active development work 
 was at once begun. A pol- 
 icy of expansion was in- 
 augurated, and the com- 
 pany secured s i x t y-t w o 
 mines and claims in the sur- 
 rounding territory. Maj. 
 Russell was not slow to 
 recognize the fact that 
 the claims immediately sur- 
 rounding the Aurora were 
 desirable assets, and later 
 developments proved the 
 correctness of his theories 
 that they carried exception- 
 ally high values. Among 
 the properties he acquired 
 at that time was the Ster- 
 ling group of mines, which had been producers, but owing 
 to bad management and inadequate facilities for prosecuting 
 the work upon the lower levels, the mines had lost prestige 
 and the Major secured them at a reasonable figure. 
 
 This is the first property that Maj. Russell interested the 
 firm of Douglas, Lacey & Co. in, and the success which 
 has attended their connection with this property, operated 
 under the direction of Maj. Russell, has prompted them to 
 act upon his advice in numerous other deals which have 
 proven mutually profitable to all the stockholders. For the 
 past year the Aurora Gold Mining and Milling Company 
 
MEN or ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 Ill 
 
 has been paying regular dividends of 12 per cent. The first 
 dividend paid, shortly after the reorganization of the 
 company in January, 1901, amounted to 40 per cent, of tht 
 investment, thus demonstrating Maj. Russell's success as 
 a manager. Among the stockholders in the company are 
 some of the best known financiers of the East, some of whom 
 arc identified with the United States Steel Corporation, and 
 are men whose business experience is especially ripe. 
 
 The success which attended the operation of the Aurora 
 stimulated the Major to organize the Viznaga Mining Com- 
 pany under the auspices of Douglas, Lacey & Co. The 
 property is situated in the same locality as the Aurora, and 
 had been owned and operated by him for some time previous 
 to the change in organization. It has a large acreage, 
 and under the process of exploitation and development now 
 in force, is being rapidly placed in excellent condition. 
 Following the incorporation of the Viznaga mine, Douglas, 
 Lacey & Co. became interested through Maj. Russell in 
 the oil industry of this section, and have now been operating 
 in the local fields for over two years. The Union Consoli- 
 dated Oil Company was formed and commenced active 
 development work with a capitalization of $5,000,000. It 
 acquired a tract of 
 oil land in Sespe 
 Canon where were 
 bored a number of 
 wells. A large 
 number of men 
 were employed in 
 the local fields, 
 and the company 
 soon became one 
 of the most active 
 shippers from the 
 district, the 
 monthly produc- 
 tion approximating 
 about 6000 barrels. 
 The condition of 
 tlie oil market, at 
 the time the Unirn 
 Consolidat e d e n- 
 tered the field as a 
 shipper, was such 
 that it became im- 
 perative to secure 
 a better market 
 than was then 'to f>e found, and, characteristic of the Major 
 in all his operations, he did not wait for an opportunity, but 
 made one in forming a company for the purpose of erecting 
 a refinery that would handle the output of its wells. The 
 work carried on by this plant has attained such a magni- 
 tude and is so far-reaching in its effect upon the market of 
 this city, and Southern California as well, that special space 
 will be devoted to the interests of the Union Consolidated 
 Oil and Refining Company in another portion of this maga- 
 zine; the accompanying illustrations will show better than 
 words can tell the extent of the plant. 
 
 One of the most recent flotations made by Maj. Russell 
 through Douglas, Lacey & Co. is that of the Haslemere 
 Mining and Milling Company. The possibilities of this 
 property, which is located in the Keys Mining District, in 
 Kern county, are so stupendous as to excite the interest of 
 mining men all over the country. The property consists of 
 sixteen full claims extending over two miles along the course 
 of the vein, and two groups of mill sites on the river, one 
 
 RESIDENCE OP MAJ. H. M. RUSSELL. 
 
 of four and the other of five claims. Work is being prose- 
 cuted with characteristic vigor, and a mill of 150 tons capacity 
 is now in course of erection upon the property. An aerial 
 tramway one and three-quarters of a mile in length will 
 convey the ore to the mill, which is located but a short 
 distance below the dam and power house of the Huntington 
 electric company. Power for the operation of the tram, drills, 
 lights and mine will be furnished directly from this plant, 
 and it is proposed to equip the mine in the most modern 
 manner to the end that it will be the most complete electrically 
 equipped mine in the United States. With such unlimited 
 power to be obtained, the owners are in a position to gratify 
 their desires in this direction at a minimum cost. A feature 
 that will prove entirely new in the stamp mill is special 
 machinery now being prepared by the Llewellyn Iron Works 
 Company of this city. The company is incorporated for 
 $5,000,000. Its location is excellent. There are immense 
 quantities of low grade ore in the mine, the transportation 
 is solved, the milling facilities are unexcelled, and all condi- 
 tions seem to be favorable f~r the development here of one 
 of the greatest low grade mines h the Southwest. 
 
 The territory in which the firm cprr-tes is by no means 
 
 limited to this sec- 
 ticn of the coun- 
 ty. It maintains 
 branch offices in 
 twenty-eight dif- 
 f rent cities, and 
 represents a large 
 clientage abroad. 
 T'.ie testimony of 
 tl-e ablest engi- 
 rt crs and mining 
 
 ej J J e perts is taken 
 
 i J ^ ]y 1- fore a property 
 
 is purchased, and 
 the success of the 
 cperations in the 
 G r e a t Southwest 
 i ider the manage- 
 i- crt of Maj. Rus- 
 : 11 has given the 
 t.rm a reputation 
 ;.i one of the 
 i:ir::t energetic and 
 successful com- 
 paries in the coun- 
 try. The latest prcmoticn from its < 0^". and one 
 in which Maj. Russell t fficiates as manager, is the or- 
 ganization of the Alaskan Oil and Mines !v--loration 
 Company, with a capital of $10,000,000. The company pro- 
 poses to develop oil, coal and other minerals in Alaska, and 
 for the past year has had an engineer on the ground locating 
 desirable lands. It has acquired over 20,000 acres of oil 
 land, and has already shipped an oil rig to the property 
 from a local seaport town. If one may judge by the measure 
 of success which has attended its previous operations in this 
 section, much may be expected from this, its latest incorpora- 
 tion. 
 
 The success achieved by Maj. H. M. Russell has been 
 the result of his ability to recognize and grasp opportunities, 
 and. we might have added, his effective use of them. He 
 has established a reputation for management which insures 
 his promotions immediate recognition, and this explains the 
 confidence reposed in him in every instance where he has 
 placed a property on the market. 
 
112 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CHARLES AUSTIN BURCHAM. 
 
 CHARLES AUSTIN BURCHAM is a native son of the 
 Golden West, having been born November 6, 1859, in 
 Vallejo, within a few miles of San Francisco, then, as 
 now, the metropolis of the Pacific Coast. His boyhood days 
 were passed as were those of most of the lads of his day; he 
 pursued his studies in the common schools of his native city, 
 later supplementing them with a course at the Pacific Business 
 College, San Francisco. He was reared in the adventurous 
 atmosphere of San Francisco in the '70*5, and upon the com- 
 pletion of his education his attention was directed to the for- 
 tunes being made and lost in speculating in Nevada mining 
 stocks this was in 
 the palmy days of the 
 Comstock lode, when 
 millionaires were 
 quickly made. Young 
 Burcham displayed 
 remarkable business 
 ability and a rare 
 conservatism even at 
 that age, and after 
 having operated on 
 'Change for a short 
 time, found himself 
 with his first " stake." 
 But what was more 
 to the point, the ex- 
 periences of the sea- 
 son taught him the 
 wonderful possibilities 
 of mining as an in- 
 vestment and a con- 
 servative business 
 proposition. 
 
 In 1880, at that 
 time but 21 years of 
 age, young Burcham, 
 in company with his 
 father and an older 
 brother, visited South- 
 ern California and 
 purchased a 5cco- 
 acre stock ranch in 
 San Bernardino 
 county, and located 
 some twenty-five 
 miles from the town 
 of that name. For 
 six years the father 
 and two sons conduct- 
 ed the ranch, in that 
 time having made 
 many improvements 
 
 in the property, and having established it upon 
 ing basis. In 1887 Mr. Burcham made his 
 
 a pay- 
 second 
 
 " raise " by disposing of extensive water interests which he 
 had developed on his property to Maj. Bonebrake, who 
 purchased the water for the infant town of Hesperia. For 
 the ensuing four years Mr. Burcham's time was devoted 
 entirely to improving his ranch and creating a market for 
 its products in San Bernardino and other Southern California 
 towns. But in the year 1900 he became impressed with the 
 
 opportunities for practical miners in the vast mineral district 
 embraced in San Bernardino county, and known simply as 
 " the desert." From spending his entire time in the raising 
 and selling of live stock, Mr. Burcham soon became inter- 
 ested in that inanimate stock that was to carry his success 
 beyond the possibilities of his former calling. Accordingly 
 in the spring of '93 he commenced making regular and syste- 
 matic prospecting trips to " the desert." Devoid of experi- 
 ence and knowledge touching geology and mineralogy, his 
 early tours were necessarily hopeless ; but observation soon 
 acquainted him with the formation and physical condition of 
 
 the country, which 
 knowledge was sup- 
 plemented from time 
 to time, as opportu- 
 nity afforded, by sci- 
 entific research. Right 
 here was the differ- 
 ence between Mr. 
 Burchaoi and the 
 average prospe c t o r. 
 He read and studied, 
 and so equipped him- 
 self to recognize in- 
 dications that would 
 pass unnoticed by the 
 superficial and igno- 
 rant genius, among 
 whom he was so 
 marked an exception. 
 April 21, 1895, 
 found Mr. Burcham 
 at Summit, a little 
 town on the edge of 
 the desert. He had 
 prospected all the 
 spring without meet- 
 ing with the success 
 his labors had mer- 
 ited, and as his stock 
 of provisions had 
 been exhausted he 
 was about to return 
 to San Bernardino. 
 He had an excellent 
 outfit and team, how- 
 ever, and that night 
 met two prospectors, 
 John Singleton and F. 
 M. Mooers, who had 
 an ample grubstake, 
 but no means of mov- 
 ing it. The three 
 
 thereupon entered into a partnership, and the following 
 morning struck out for the Randsburg district. The success 
 that attended their efforts is found in Southern California ". 
 greatest bonanza, the famous Yellow Aster property. It is 
 not the province of this sketch to review the development of 
 the Yellow Aster mine. Its history is fully related elsewhere. 
 Suffice to say that under the direction of the owners, devel- 
 opment work was prosecuted intelligently, and the mine 
 placed upon the list of California dividend payers within a 
 
 CHARLES AUSTIN BURCHAM. 
 
MEN 
 
 ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 113 
 
 comparatively short space of time following its opening up. 
 Charles A. Burcham is a typical California!!. He possesses 
 the generosity and warm-hearted hospitality of the West, 
 and the traits of character which won him friends before 
 Fortune smiled so graciously upon him, bind them to him 
 today. He is one who has accepted fortune graciously, nor 
 
 has permitted it to estrange the friendships of former days. 
 To his intimates of old he is the same " Charlie " as before 
 his days of opulence, and so he will remain. Mr. Burcham 
 has a charming and estimable wife, who has been a helpmeet 
 in the truest sense of the word. 
 
 HOME OK CHARLES AUSTIN BURCHAM. 
 
114 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 DR. ROSE L. BURCHAM. 
 
 IN REVIEWING the individual successes that have been 
 made in the mining districts of the Great Southwest, 
 one is impressed by the fact that the little colony has 
 been to so great an extent recruited from the successful 
 element in other professional and business callings. The 
 import of this circumstance would seem to indicate that in 
 mining, as in other vocations, sound judgment and correct 
 business principles are more than a match for luck. While 
 Fortune has chosen her sponsors from all ranks of society, 
 as established by difference of means and education, it is a 
 conspicuous fact 
 that the favored 
 ones represent, as 
 a rule, the conserv- 
 ative, persevering 
 and deserving ele- 
 ment. The subject 
 of this biography 
 enjoys the distinc- 
 tion of being the 
 only sue c e s s f u 1 
 woman mining 
 operator in the en- 
 tire Southwest, and 
 as such has dem- 
 onstrated that she 
 was endowed with 
 executive ability of 
 a high order. 
 
 Born in the cra- 
 dle of fame, the 
 great common- 
 wealth of New 
 York, Dr. Bur- 
 cham's debut upon 
 the stage of life 
 was most auspi- 
 cious. Her father 
 was a practicing 
 physician of Roch- 
 ester, an English- 
 man by birth, a 
 great student and 
 traveler. At the 
 tender age of ten 
 years his little 
 daughter evidenced 
 a keen delight in 
 having free access 
 to his extensive li- 
 brary, and after 
 completing her ele- 
 mentary education, she determined upon securing a scientific 
 education. In order to assist herself in defraying the expenses 
 of a course in the Rochester Free Academy, she taught school 
 from time to time, and finally, in 1882, was rewarded with her 
 long-sought-for diploma. Success spurred her on to greater 
 efforts, and the successful graduate of the Rochester 
 Academy set her aim for a medical education and left 
 home to enter the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, 
 Ohio. She graduated with highest honors from this cele- 
 brated institution of medicine in the class of '84, and for 
 the following year wa.s upon the interne staff of a Cincinnati 
 
 DR. ROSE L. BURCHAM 
 
 hospital. Dr. Burcham afterwards built iip a lucrative 
 practice, which she was obliged to relinquish in 1885 owing 
 to failing health. 
 
 What proved a loss for the medical profession of Cin- 
 cinnati proved an advantage to California, for, attracted by 
 the reputation of the State as a Mecca for the health seeker, 
 Dr. Burcham decided upon locating in San Bernardino, this 
 State. There is now scarcely a city of any importance in 
 the country that has not its able woman physician and sur- 
 geon, but when Dr. Burcham first located in San Bernardino 
 
 she was the pio- 
 neer of women 
 physicians. The 
 successful and lu- 
 crative practice es- 
 tablished by Dr. 
 Burcham was the 
 most genuine oom- 
 plimcnt the com- 
 munity could pay 
 her talent and skill 
 as a physician. In 
 December, 1887, 
 she was wedded to 
 Charles Austin 
 Burcham, owner of 
 an extensive cattle 
 ranch located 
 within the limits 
 of San Bernardino 
 county, but her 
 wedding to Mr. 
 Burcham did not 
 divorce her from 
 her chosen profes- 
 sion and she con- 
 tinued to practice 
 rntil she moved to 
 Randsburg in Feb- 
 ruary, 1896, to as- 
 sist in the man- 
 agement of South- 
 ern California's 
 bonanza, the cele- 
 brated Yellow As- 
 ter mine. While 
 the Yellow Aster 
 was located and 
 opened up by the 
 three founders of 
 Randsburg, C. A. 
 Burcham, John 
 Singleton and F. M. Mooers, the success of their un- 
 dertaking was largely dependent upon their " grub- 
 stake." Like an army in the field deprived of their base of 
 supplies, so helpless would the founders of Randsburg have 
 been without their commissary department, and Dr. Burcham 
 was appointed a committee of one to act as commissary agent. 
 How well she performed the duties imposed upon her can 
 best be told in the success of the Yellow Aster mine. Dr. 
 Burcham enjoys the distinction of having been the first 
 woman to enter Randsburg. She made the trip in July, 
 1895, shortly after the mine fad. been located, and remained 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 115 
 
 there until the following month. Returning to San Ber- 
 nardino she resumed the practice of her profession until 
 the following spring, when she returned to Randsburg to 
 make her home at the mine, and actively engage in the 
 duties of secretary of the Yellow Aster Mining and Milling 
 Company, a position which was tendered her upon the incor- 
 poration of the company, November 16, 1897. Since that 
 date Mrs. Burcham has been one of the most energetic and 
 progressive members of the board of directors. Net the 
 wealth of the Yellow Aster alone, but its location in the midst 
 
 erous degree. Not an innate attribute is the ken which 
 measure men. Observation may be in a degree a heritage, 
 but an insight into human nature must combine observation, 
 experience and judgment. Dr. Burcham has traveled exten- 
 sively in Europe and on this continent. Travel is a great 
 educator, and Dr. Burcham was an apt pupil. 
 
 Dr. Rose L. Burcham has made her home in this city since 
 the spring of 1902. She has recently purchased a beautiful 
 home at the corner of Burlington avenue and Seventh street, 
 where she entertains in a manner befitting her station in life. 
 
 DR. RUSE L. DURCHAM'S RESIDENCE. 
 
 DRAWING ROOM. 
 
 RECEPTION HALL. 
 
 of other of the camp's richest mineral zone, made surround- 
 ing and unexplored claims desirable assets. Dr. Burcham 
 was not slow to recognize this fact, and at her instance 
 the company has expended vast sums in acquiring adjoining 
 territory in the past seven years, representing a series of 
 investments that the company would not forfeit today for 
 many fold their cost. Dr. Burcham has manifested no less 
 discrimination and judgment in the selection of men to 
 prosecute the actual development of the mine. Her 
 knowledge of human nature has conduced to this in a gen- 
 
 The house is built upon the Italian style of architecture, 
 and possesses many unique and artistic architectural effects, 
 one of the most distinguishing features of which is the com- 
 modious reception hall and drawing rooms, which are admi- 
 rably adapted for the receptions which Dr. Burcham frequently 
 gives, when in town. Dr. Burcham has led an active life, 
 and association with professional and business interests has 
 left her little time for social pleasures. She is a woman of 
 energy, but is as unassuming i^ manner as she is forceful 
 in character. 
 
116 
 
 MJSA' OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CARL F. SCHADER. 
 
 IF THERE is one thing more than another that impresses 
 the eastern visitor to California, it is the prominence of 
 our young men. Yet, if a moment's thought is given the 
 subject, it does not appear so remarkable. California is a 
 comparatively young State, and the commonwealth has been 
 peopled by emigrants from the East. These have been 
 obviously young men, for it is a comparatively small propor- 
 tion of older men who are footloose. 
 
 While the young man has made his successes in every 
 branch of industry and enterprise in California, it is in mining 
 that he is most conspicuous, and it is this field of operation 
 that holds the greatest opportunities for the future. This 
 magazine recounts the ca- 
 reers of many successful 
 mining men ; but few indi- 
 vidual careers more aptly 
 reflect the possibilities of- 
 fered to men of conserva- 
 tive ideas and business in- 
 sight than that of Carl F. 
 Schader. He is not one of 
 those whose success has 
 been meteoric and dramatic, 
 as is the case of the poor 
 prospector dieting his mil- 
 lions from the grass roots. 
 His success has been that of 
 a young man who has risen 
 through his ability to recog- 
 nize and grasp opportuni- 
 ties a subtle faculty, prece- 
 dent to the executive ca- 
 pacity, use of opportunity 
 develops. 
 
 Carl F. Schader's parents 
 were among the pioneers of 
 Arkansas, his father, a 
 German by birth, liavrnr nr- 
 rived there in the yar i8'O 
 at a time when the St;'t~ 
 was little more than a wil- 
 derness. Later in life he 
 removed to Little Rock, 
 where his son Carl wa^ 
 born, on March 23, 1870. 
 Raised in the home atmos- 
 phere of his native place, 
 the lad had instilled into 
 his every fibre those ele- 
 ments of honesty, thrift and 
 industry which were to count so much for him in his future 
 career. His early education was received in the excellent 
 public schools of his native city, and was later supplemented 
 by a course in the Little Rock Commercial College, from 
 which institution he graduated at an early age. Almost im- 
 mediately after completing his course of study at the busi- 
 ness college, Mr. Schader, then a youth of 17 years, but 
 imbued with an ambition to win laurels in broader fields than 
 afforded by his native State, came to California in 1887, 
 where he was connected with the engineering department 
 of the Santa Fe Railroad for some time, serving under 
 Engineers W. C. Trumbull and M. B. Terras. Mr. Schader 
 
 CARI, F. SCHADKR. 
 
 was a member of the engineering corps that made the surveys 
 of the railroad from Los Angeles to Anaheim, Los Angeles 
 to Ballona, Ferris to San Jacinto and Elsinore. Pacific Beach 
 to Moreno, and other work along the lines of the great Santa 
 Fe system. During all this time he was studying and com- 
 bining his study with practical field experience, so that, when 
 in 1888 he was offered a position as assistant engineer to P. J. 
 Flynn in United States government surveys at Santa Monica 
 and vicinity, he was well qualified to undertake the responsi- 
 bilities of the position. For a long time he was engaged in 
 government work in the vicinity of Santa Monica and the 
 Soldiers' Home, becoming thoroughly conversant with the 
 
 country in that section. 
 
 After the boom in South- 
 ern California 1 ended, there 
 being very little work in tin- 
 engineering field in this 
 vicinity, and being desirous 
 of remaining in Southern 
 California, Mr. Schader 
 entered the mercantile bus- 
 iness in Santa Monica, an;l 
 was one of the leading and 
 most successful business 
 men c;f that place for a 
 number of years. During 
 this time Mr. Schad'.r mar- 
 ried Miss Nellie Elliott of 
 Santa Monica, and now has 
 two sons, Carl J. and 
 Fred P. 
 
 In 1895, becoming im- 
 pressed with the greater 
 possibilities afforded in the 
 mining circles of the South- 
 west, Mr. Schader took up 
 the mining branch of en- 
 gineering, and since that 
 time has been a most active 
 worker along those lines, 
 and is now a member of the 
 American Institute of Min- 
 ing Engineers. With a de- 
 sire to have a thorough and 
 practical knowledge of the 
 subject, Mr. Schader took 
 courses in assaying and 
 metallurgy, etc., so that he 
 might be competent to pass 
 upon indications that the 
 uninitiated would not notice. A feature of his work at this 
 time, and one in which he takes pardonable pride and counts 
 of no little value to him, is the practical experience he ob- 
 tained by going to work with pick and drill as a common 
 miner and working his way up to superintendent, thereby 
 acquiring an invaluable practical knowledge of mining. 
 With the object of further acquainting himself with the 
 treatment of ores he secured employment in smelting, 
 mining and concentrating plants, where he familiarized him- 
 self with the different processes employed in the treatment 
 and reduction of ores. 
 
 After a number of years of study and work he became 
 
MEN Of' ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 117 
 
 recognized as one of the most competent authorities on desert 
 properties in this section, and in 1901 was made general man- 
 ager of the German-American Mining Company's property 
 in Mohave county, Ariz. He opened the property up to its 
 present successful condition and enjoys the distinction of being 
 the first large operator in the now famous San Francisco Min- 
 ing district of Mohave county, Ariz., in which are located 
 the Gold Roads and Leland mines. 
 
 In 1902, Mr. Schader, in association with Mr. T. A. John- 
 son, formerly of St. Louis, where he was identified with 
 large smelting and lead mining interests now owned and 
 operated by the Guggenheims of New York, formed the firm 
 of Schader- Johnson Co., and organized the well-known 
 Nevada-Keystone Mining Company. Mr. Schader being 
 elected general manager and Mr. Johnson secretary. The 
 story of the development of the Nevada-Keystone is one of 
 continued success from the incorporation of the company in 
 May of 1902. Despite the fact that the mine had formerly 
 been a producer and had $380,000 to its credit, predictions 
 were freely made that it was "worked out." Mr. Schader, 
 
 site will be done away with. Everything will be operated by 
 electricity, including the underground hoists, and the mine 
 will also be lighted by electricity. Owing to the expense of 
 hauling to the old mill, over 50,000 tons of low-grade ore 
 and porphyry, averaging $3 per ton, have accumulated upon 
 the dump and are now waiting cyanide treatment. It is 
 expected that the new cyanide plant will be able to treat 
 the ore for about $1 per ton. 
 
 The Nevada-Keystone is making history every day, and 
 there will not likely be a time for many years to come when 
 there will not be something new in connection with it. As 
 its development progresses, its possibilities expand, and no 
 man today can prophesy a limit for it as a producer. During 
 the past year the Schader- Johnson Company has been pros- 
 pecting and developing another gold-mining property in Nye 
 county, Nevada. A feature of the company's method of oper- 
 ating that has been the cause for much favorable comment 
 throughout mining and financial circles is its expenditure of 
 large sums in the development and opening up of properties 
 before offering them to the public, and has thus established a 
 
 RESIDENCE OF CARL F. SCHADER. 
 
 after a careful examination, became convinced of the possi- 
 bilities of great production under modern methods of mining 
 and milling, and the record of gold-bullion shipments of over 
 $100,000 under his management has effectually silenced any 
 further predictions from those who criticised the judgment 
 of the expenditures made. A conservative estimate of the 
 amount of ore in sight today figures up well toward a halt 
 million. 
 
 At the time the present management came into possession of 
 the property it was equipped with an old mill, which 
 was remodeled, by adding two Huntington mills and 
 a small cyanide plant, with the idea of making it a 
 test mill before going to the expense of building more 
 extensively. With this all-too-limited facility, it has 
 produced an even $100,000 since operating, the greater part 
 of which came from development work and above the 300- 
 foot level. Having demonstrated the success of the under- 
 taking, Mr. Schader is now preparing to have a complete and 
 modern plant erected at the mine. Water will be pumped 
 to it, and the great expense of hauling the ore to the old mill 
 
 reputation that assures them immediate success in any 
 undertaking that meets with their serious consideration. 
 
 Among mining men generally, Mr. Schader is credited with 
 being one of the best-informed men on what is known as the 
 desert mining region. He has devoted the past eight years 
 entirely to study in that field, with the result that there is 
 hardly a mine or prospect in San Bernardino county, Cal. ; 
 Mojave county, Ariz., or Lincoln and Nye counties, Nev., that 
 he is not personally acquainted with, having made examina- 
 tions of most of them. 
 
 Besides being the largest stockholder in the German-Amer- 
 ican Mining Company, Mr. Schader is one of the heaviest 
 individual owners of Nevada-Keystone stock, and is at present 
 general manager of both companies. Besides his mining 
 interests, he is well known in banking and financial circles in 
 Southern California, being vice-president of the Ocean Park 
 Bank, a director of the Merchants National Bank of Santa 
 Monica, and is interested in the Merchants National Bank of 
 Los Angeles. Fraternally he is a Mason and an Odd Fellow, 
 being a Thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. 
 
118 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 T. A. JOHNSON. 
 
 THE career of T. A. Johnson is one of scores afforded by 
 the West, demonstrating that mining experience is 
 not necessary to mining success, and yet who will 
 gainsay its value in certain channels of mining, where prac- 
 tical knowledge of mineralogy and geology must necessarily 
 be of service? But to successful mining operations mining 
 experience is not always essential. The requisite is neither 
 practical knowledge nor luck ; it is business ability, and the 
 mining men who have made the greatest successes in the 
 Southwest are men who have utilized the ' acumen which 
 reaps reward wherever exercised. Almost without exception 
 men who have applied sound business principles to mining 
 in the Southwest have been rewarded far beyond the possi- 
 bilities offered in any other 
 field of investment. Such 
 an instance is found in the 
 career of the above-named 
 member of the little col- 
 ony of successful mining 
 men operating in the 
 Southwest. 
 
 It was in the latter '.jo's 
 that Louis M. Johnson set- 
 tled in Henry county, 111., 
 a pioneer in the develop- 
 ment of that great State 
 which has given to our 
 country so many able men 
 in all walks of life. Here 
 on the old homestead, in 
 [864, his son Theodore 
 was born. The lad received 
 instruction in the public 
 schools of Qeneseo, 111., 
 until he had attained four- 
 teen years of age. Ambi- 
 tious to be self-sustaining. 
 and his tendencies being 
 toward commercial life, he 
 entered the employ, in 
 1879, of one of the largest 
 mercantile establishments 
 in that portion of the 
 State, operated in connec- 
 tion with the coal mines 
 that were then being 
 worked in Central Illi- 
 nois. Fortunately for him- 
 self, the youth possessed 
 to a remarkable degree those powers of adaptability which, 
 in a country such as Illinois was in the early '8o's, consti- 
 
 T. A. JOHNSON. 
 
 he started for the frontier in Western Kansas, which at that 
 time had just been thrown open to settlement, and the 
 southern tier of counties was being organized. Many are 
 the amusing and thrilling experiences he relates pertaining to 
 the county-seat warfare of that portion of the country during 
 the disturbed days of early settlement, when county seats and 
 courthouses were moved in a night. Nothing daunted by the 
 crudeness of the conditions, Mr. Johnson remained in the 
 banking business at that point for some time, being advanced 
 successively from book-keeper to assistant cashier and cashier, 
 and later established a branch bank in Stanton county. In 
 1887, following the long, dry period of 1886-87 he disposed 
 of his interests and together with associates removed to Kan- 
 sas City, where he assisted 
 in organizing the United 
 States Bank of that place, 
 and at the age of twenty- 
 three was assistant cashier. 
 The bank was subse- 
 quently reorganized under 
 the national banking laws 
 and was known as the 
 Aetna National Bank. 
 
 For the ensuing three 
 years Mr. Johnson devoted 
 his entire time and atten- 
 tion to the duties imposed 
 upon him in his capacity 
 as assistant cashier, finally 
 disposing of his interests 
 in the bank and removing 
 to St. Louis, in 1890, 
 where he was again iden- 
 tified with financial insti- 
 tutions in various capaci- 
 ties, until 1896, when he 
 first became directly inter- 
 ested in mining to any ex- 
 tent. In that year he be- 
 came secretary and treas- 
 urer of the Missouri 
 Smelting Company, and 
 later assisted in organiz- 
 ing and acted as secretary 
 and treasurer of the Fed- 
 eral Lead Company, whose 
 property was one of the 
 largest in the disseminated 
 lead district of St. Francois 
 county, Missouri. The properties were disposed of to the 
 Guggenheim interests of New York, who have since been con- 
 
 tuted one of the surest passports to success, and, indeed, has ducting operations on the property on a most extensive scale. 
 
 ever been a prominent factor in the expansion and develop- 
 ment of the great western country. Added to this quality 
 was a natural inclination to industry, combined with business 
 tact and strong tenacity of purpose. After six years of loyal 
 service, during which time Mr. Johnson had advanced from 
 an humble clerk to the position of buyer and general manager 
 of the extensive business, he resigned his position to seek new 
 business associations in the banking line. Imbued with the 
 good advice of Horace Greely " young man, go West " 
 
 To Mr. Johnson belongs the distinction of having assisted 
 in organizing and operating the Missouri Copper Company, a 
 company which owned and operated the only successful cop- 
 per mines in the State, that is famous for her lead and zinc. 
 
 In 1900, still a young man in years, but ripe in experience 
 Mr. Johnson having disposed of his banking and mining inter- 
 ests, determined upon an extended trip through the West. 
 During the year or so occupied in completing the trip he vis- 
 ited the principal mining camps and mines of the West, in- 
 
MEN or ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 119 
 
 eluding the famous copper mines of Montana's capital, the 
 gold and silver mines of Idaho, Washington and Oregon, and 
 spent some time in the mining regions of Northern California, 
 hefore visiting this section of the State. After a trip through 
 Lower California, he returned to Los Angeles, and, in com- 
 pany with Carl F. Schader, made an examination of the 
 Nevada-Keystone properties in Southeastern Nevada. So 
 impressed was he with the opportunities for the investment 
 of capital in the Southwest that he formed a co-partnership 
 with Mr. Schader, under the firm name of the Schader-John- 
 son Company, and proceeded to develop the mine. Mr. 
 Schader had had a complete technical and practical mining 
 education, and was an acknowledged authority on desert min- 
 ing, and the combination of talent has proven most auspicious 
 for the development of one of the most promising properties 
 in this section of the Southwest. Shortly after forming their 
 business alliance and having expended sufficient in develop- 
 ment work on the Nevada-Keystone to demonstrate that they 
 had a mine, they formed the present company, of which Mr. 
 Johnson is secretary, a position he is eminently qualified to 
 fill after an experience covering nearly twenty years among 
 
 various banking and financial institutions of the Middle West. 
 
 The success of the Nevada-Keystone under the active policy 
 of development inaugurated by the management has been the 
 subject of favorable comment in mining circles throughout 
 the State. With only a test mill to operate and the disad- 
 vantage of a seven-mile haul, the company has produced since 
 its incorporation, in July of 1902, over $100,000. -Arrange- 
 ments are now about completed for the erection of a fine mod- 
 ern plant and mill which will be completely equipped with 
 electricity and provided with every facility for the rapid de- 
 velopment of the mine, which is the bonanza of Lincoln 
 county, Nevada. 
 
 Mr. Johnson is a natural financier, instinctively a business 
 man, of quick and far-reaching calculation. As a result, he 
 is well-to-do. He is a good judge of character; his system 
 and discipline are thorough, and his industry proverbial. He 
 will work night and day when necessary to promote the cause 
 of any interest with which he may be identified. In spite of 
 his great activity, Mr. Johnson is of a modest, retiring nature, 
 and is an amiable, affable gentleman, much esteemed through- 
 out the community in both business and social circles. 
 
 KKSIDKNCE OF OLIVER P. POSEY. A TYPICAL CALIFORNIA HOME. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. P. DUNHAM, A LOS ANGELES MINING MAN. 
 
120 
 
 MSN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 C. HENRY THOMPSON. 
 
 IN THE distribution of its aureate bounties, the West has 
 been impartial to a. remarkable degree. Those who 
 have won wealth in mining represented, before entering 
 this field of enterprise, the entire gamut of condition, and for- 
 iune has recognized alike the poor prospector and the man 
 of affairs. Among their number the above name is promi- 
 nent by virtue of its representing one of the little colony of 
 successful mining men whose reward has been the result of 
 long experience. 
 
 C. Henry Thompson is an Ohioan by birth. He received 
 his early education in the schools of his native town, Milan, 
 later taking a course in the High School in Toledo, where 
 he was engaged in the pursuit of his studies, in 1861, when 
 the war broke out. He enlisted with the Fourteenth Ohio 
 Infantry, under command of 
 Col. James B. Stedman, after- 
 ward Major-General. Capt. 
 Thompson's active service in 
 the army covered a period of 
 five years lacking eleven days, 
 and twice he received promo- 
 tion in the line of duty. In 
 the spring of 1863 he was 
 made first-lieutenant of the 
 First United States Colored 
 Artillery, and the following 
 year was promoted to a cap- 
 taincy in the same regiment. 
 After serving his country for 
 this period of time, he was 
 mustered out, April 5, 1866, 
 and returned to his parents' 
 home in Cleveland 
 
 Securing an appointment as 
 freight aeent for the old Du- 
 buque and Sioux City Rail- 
 road, now merged into the Il- 
 linois Central system, he re- 
 mained with the company until 
 it had extended its lines to 
 Fort Dodge, Iowa, resigning to 
 make a trip East in the inter- 
 est of some private business 
 matters. His first introduc- 
 tion to the West, in the de- 
 velopment of which he was 
 destined to take so active a part, was in 1870, shortly after 
 the completion of the Union Pacific Railroad to the Coast. 
 
 In 1877 he came to this State to assume charge of the old 
 El Capitan mine, in Nevada county. He remained in com- 
 plete charge of the property for the ensuing three ye^rs, 
 finally resigning to become identified with the new territory 
 just being opened in Colorado, near the vicinity of Lead- 
 ville. The mine which he accepted the management of was 
 located about twenty miles north of Leadville, in the Eagle 
 River country. Under the system of active development 
 work inaugurated by Capt. Thompson, it was soon placed 
 upon the list of shippers, but unfortunately the railroad was 
 not accessible. Nothing daunted, Capt. Thompson at once 
 opened negotiations for the extension of the Denver and Rio 
 Grande system from its Leadville terminus to the mining dis- 
 trict in which he was interested. This was accomplished 
 
 C. HENRY THOMPSON. 
 
 by one of the finest pieces of railroad engineering ever at- 
 tempted, and the railroad crossed the Rocky Mountains at an 
 altitude of 10,670 feet, over the famous Tennessee Pass, to the 
 mines of the Eagle River country. 
 
 In the year 1881 the captain built and operated a smelter 
 in Summit county, Colorado. While the plant was built 
 primarily for the ores of the Belden mine, a general custom 
 work was done. After getting the plant upon a paying basis, 
 Capt. Thompson disposed of his interest, and shortly after 
 became owner of the old Elgin smelter in Leadville. While 
 on a business trip to New York, he received a telegram from 
 Mr. J. B. Grant, the millionaire smelterman of Colorado, to 
 the effect that a smelter he had been operating in Leadville 
 had burned, and offering the captain $1000 a month for a 
 
 lease of his plant. The deal 
 was closed by wire, and for the 
 following year the plant was 
 operated by Mr. Grant. 
 
 It is not our purpose to fol- 
 low Capt. Thompson through 
 the dozens of camps which 
 claimed his attention for the 
 ensuing few years. Suffice 
 to say his experience brought 
 him into close touch and per- 
 sonal relations with the most 
 prominent and successful min- 
 ing operators on the continent. 
 During this time he visited the 
 principal camps of Colorado, 
 Utah, Montana, Idaho, Ore- 
 gon, Washington and British 
 Columbia, making reports on 
 properties for eastern capital- 
 ists and examinations and in- 
 vestments on his own account. 
 Among the business connec- 
 tions he had formed during 
 this period were Gen. Russell 
 A. Alger, former Secretary of 
 War in President McKinley's 
 Cabinet, and other Detroit cap- 
 italists. In the spring of '94 
 he made a trip to British Co- 
 lumbia to examine some prop- 
 erties in which they were in- 
 terested, among them being the now famous Ironsides, the 
 Stemwinder, the Knob Hill and the Rawhide. He reported 
 that these would prove among the greatest producers of the 
 country, when supplied with railroad transportation and 
 (quipped for treating the immense ore bodies. Owing to the 
 total absence of transportation and the uncertainty as to 
 when it could be had, Gen. Alger finally decided not to pur- 
 chase the property. It was purchased and is now managed 
 by the Minor-Graves syndicate. 
 
 The mines lie midway between Greenwood and Grand 
 Forks, and the properties are in a highly developed stage of 
 production. The Northwest, at that time, was attracting min- 
 ing men from all over the country, and Capt. Thompson, 
 becoming interested in the wonderfully-rich Slocan district, 
 of British Columbia, made Spokane his headquarters for the 
 ensuing ten years. His investments in that district he still 
 
 
A/HAT OP" ACHIEVEMENT /A' THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 121 
 
 retains, as well as others in various parts of the mining coun- 
 try tributary to Spokane. 
 
 The famous old Virtue mine of Baker City, Ore., which in 
 its day had produced millions and been the star mine of the 
 State, had been given up by the owners as practically worked 
 out. Capt. Thompson made an examination of the property 
 on his own account and was so firm in his belief that the mine 
 still contained hidden treasures that he purchased the prop- 
 erty from its San Francisco owner, George W. Grayson. 
 After making a series of changes and improvements in the 
 mine, he disposed of it to a Canadian company, composed 
 largely of Toronto men. They are engaged in sinking a new 
 shaft to a depth of 1000 feet, after which a large amount of 
 work is contemplated in opening up the different levels. There 
 is no doubt among well-informed mining men of the North- 
 west that the Virtue mine can again be placed upon the list 
 of dividend-payers, where she so long held first place. 
 
 In the Sumpter district, the captain organized the Bunker 
 Hill Mining Company, disposing of a large share of his 
 interest in the property to a Toronto syndicate, although he 
 still retains an interest in the company. The Bunker Hill 
 consists of the old Bunker Hill, the Lilac and the Myrtle, and 
 owns valuable claims in the richest mineralized zone of the 
 district. Among Spokane's little coterie of successful min- 
 ing men, Capt. Thompson was always actively energetic. 
 His properties always received the attention they merited, and 
 development was prosecuted vigorously. As a conservative 
 expert on properties his services were in frequent demand, 
 and it was while engaged in reporting on a mine in Sonora, 
 Mex., that he made his first appearance in the section trib- 
 utary to Los Angeles. 
 
 Upon making his home in this city, Capt. Thompson in- 
 vested generously in both Southern California and Arizona, 
 
 and spent his money freely in the development of his prop- 
 erties. Among the most recent of his purchases and incor- 
 porations may be mentioned that of the Cedar Valley Mining 
 and Smelting Company, whose property is located at Cedar, 
 Mohave county, Arizona. There is a historic old mine among 
 the group of sixteen claims acquired by the company, nine 
 of which are patented. It is the old Arnold mine, known 
 to the old-timers of Arizona because of its remarkable rich- 
 ness during the early days when labor cost $10 a day and 
 supplies had to be hauled in overland. A drive of twenty 
 miles east from Yucca, on the Santa Fe, brings one to the 
 property, which is a flourishing little camp, known to the 
 postal authorities as Cedar, and the postoffice, which is the 
 only one within a radius of twenty miles, is located in the 
 general merchandise store which the company maintains at 
 its mines. 
 
 Work on the property is prosecuted through a 25O-foot 
 shaft, well equipped with a steam hoisting plant. Develop- 
 ment work on the various levels is progressing satisfactorily, 
 and mill returns demonstrate that the owners of the old 
 Arnold mine, operated under the most serious disadvantages, 
 had a bonanza with a wonderful future. The company is 
 operating a fifteen-stamp mill, and an enlargement of the 
 plant is contemplated for the immediate future. Capt. 
 Thompson has many other mining interests in Southern and 
 Lower California and Mexico. 
 
 Any properties coming under the influence of his manage- 
 ment are rapidly developed, and the interests of all con- 
 cerned religiously conserved. Capt. Thompson is a man of 
 great executive ability and keen perception, and these quali- 
 fications have combined with his sterling integrity to estab- 
 lish a most enviable reputation for him in mining circles 
 throughout the West. 
 
 W. W. D. TURNER. 
 
 THE men who have made fortunes in the mining regions 
 of the West are striking examples of the possibilities 
 offered in mining, and the great number who have 
 entered the field as investors must stand for the attractive 
 nature of this most alluring of all pursuits. Almost without 
 exception, men who have applied sound business principles to 
 mining have been rewarded far beyond the possibilities offered 
 in any other field of investment. It is, therefore, appropriate 
 to present a brief sketch of the career of the above well-known 
 operator. 
 
 Few of the host of Col. Turner's friends will realize that 
 his birth took place sixty-seven years ago in Knox county, 
 Missouri, and here the lad passed his boyhood days and grew 
 to young manhood. Missouri in the early '30*5 was a frontier 
 State and educational advantages were rare, indeed, but young 
 Turner early determined upon securing a legal education, and 
 with but two terms in the district school to his credit, nothing 
 daunted, entered a law office near his native place and was 
 admitted to the bar after passing the required examination. 
 
 Shortly after having received his " sheepskin," he removed 
 to Southwestern Missouri, where he engaged in the practice 
 of his profession. It was while there that he was elected a 
 member of the Missouri State Convention that deposed the 
 Rebel State government and inaugurated a loyal government. 
 Fired with patriotic enthusiasm, he enlisted in the Twentieth 
 Missouri early in '61, and served four years, during which 
 
 time he was in numerous engagements and saw service in all 
 parts of the South. Step by step he won promotion during 
 the series of campaigns in which he participated, and upon 
 being mustered out at the close of the war, was colonel of the 
 Twentieth Missouri. 
 
 In association with an old friend, and later Governor of 
 Louisiana, he commenced the practice of law in New Orleans 
 under the firm name of Turner & Warmoth. The young 
 attorneys were accorded immediate recognition and established 
 themselves in a lucrative practice. Mobile, Alabama, was the 
 next scene of Col. Turner's legal work, and here he remained 
 until the fall of 1877, when, influenced by the greater oppor- 
 tunities then available in the North, he removed to Wisconsin, 
 where he won prominence for his knowledge of the law and 
 for his untiring efforts in behalf of clients. While a resident 
 of Wisconsin he served as a member of the State Legislature 
 and was active in promoting the best interests of the State in 
 many ways. 
 
 The year 1885 marked a great migration to the newly 
 developed country opened up by the Northern Pacific Railroad, 
 and Col. Turner, ever alert for opportunities to advance, and 
 realizing that legal difficulties develop early in mining com- 
 munities, swung his shingle in the little town of Spokane, 
 Washington, on the 26th of September, 1885. Spokane at that 
 time boasted of a population of less than three thousand, but 
 the immensely rich country tributary to it gave promise of a 
 
122 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 great future, and time has demonstrated the wisdom of Col. 
 Turner's choice. He was favored with a handsome clientage, 
 and such was his success in mining law suits that business 
 grew beyond his power, and for a number of years he 
 was associated with his brother, United States Senator George 
 Turner, and Geo. M. Forster, in the legal firm of Turner, 
 Forster & Turner, a firm whose reputation was by no means 
 confined to the limits of the State in which it was located. 
 It was along in 1892 that Col. Turner, in association with 
 his law partner, Col. Patton, Maj. Armstrong, L. F. Williams, 
 Col. Ridpath, and other well-known residents of Spokane, 
 purchased the Leroi mine, situated at Rossland, British Col- 
 umbia. The Leroi, famous the world over as the big bonanza 
 of the boundary country, was at that time a mere prospect, 
 and was acquired for the sum of $30,000. Its value will best 
 be appreciated when it is announced that seven years later the 
 owners disposed of it for 
 
 practically $4,000.000. As a 
 history maker there has 
 been no equal to it in the 
 British possessions north of 
 us. F. August Heinze, the 
 Montana copper king, se- 
 cured a contract to treat 
 75,000 tons of its ores, and 
 to accomplish it built the 
 celebrated Trail Creek 
 smelter on the Columbia 
 River, seven miles from the 
 mine, and connected the 
 two with a railroad that for 
 engineering triumphs ex- 
 ceeded anything noticeable 
 upon the Canadian Pacific. 
 After the expiration of this 
 contract with Mr. Heinze, 
 the management of the Le- 
 roi erected its own smelters 
 at Northport, Washington. 
 where the ores of the mines 
 are treated today. 
 
 After disposing of his in- 
 terest in the famous Leroi. 
 and his other mining prop- 
 erties in the Northwest, 
 Col. Turner, in association 
 with his brother, the Sena- 
 tor, turned his attention to 
 the building of the Yellow- 
 stone Park Railroad in 
 Montana. He made his 
 home at Bozeman, Mon- 
 tana, for five years, and 
 devoted the greater portion of his time to the construction and 
 operation of the road, which leaves the main line of the 
 Northern Pacific about 100 miles east of Helena and runs 
 southeast to immense deposits of coal which are now being 
 marketed in Butte, Great Falls, Anaconda and many other 
 smelting centers of the great copper State. The Amalgamated 
 Copper Company has been operating a loo-ton coking plant 
 on the line of the road with such success that a new plant of 
 equal capacity is now being constructed at the town of Storrs. 
 
 Having retired from the practice of law to attend to the 
 numerous details of his other extensive interests, Col. Turner 
 for the past five years has been spending the winters in Los 
 Angeles, and since 1901 has made his home here. Although 
 he intended to retire from further mining business, he has 
 
 COL. W. 
 
 made liberal investments in city realty, and is upon the direc- 
 torate of the Broadway Bank and Trust Company. Recently 
 he has become interested in some Arizona properties which 
 have been incorporated under the title of the Cedar Valley 
 Mining and Smelting Company. The property consists of 
 some twenty claims in Mojave county, Arizona, some twenty- 
 three miles from Yucca, a station on the main line of the 
 Santa Fe system. The mines are old producers, and the ores 
 average high. Formerly they were worked when labor cost 
 $10 a day, and everything else was in proportion. With 
 improved facilities and modern methods the properties have a 
 bright future before them. As president of the company, Col. 
 Turner will bring to the corporation a wealth of mining lore 
 and legal knowledge that will auger well for the rapid devel- 
 opment of the mines. Immense sums are now being expended 
 in opening up the property, twenty-five miles of road have 
 
 been built from the railroad 
 to the mines, and new and 
 improved machinery in- 
 stalled for the mining and 
 milling of the ores. Assay 
 returns are highly satisfac- 
 tory, and with ample capital 
 at its disposal the manage- 
 ment is prosecuting work 
 most actively. Col. Tur- 
 ner's mining investments in 
 the Southwest have been 
 made judiciously and only 
 after careful investigation 
 of the merits of a proposi- 
 tion. His experience in 
 mining has been extended 
 over a period of nearly 
 twenty years and brought 
 him in close association 
 with many of the most suc- 
 cessful operators of the 
 West, of whom he is one. 
 Success has attended the 
 Colonel in his mining ven- 
 tures for the past twenty 
 years, and the measure of 
 his success may be attrib- 
 uted to meritorious effort. 
 Perseverance, patience and 
 tenacity of purpose have 
 forced fickle Dame For- 
 tune to smile upon him. 
 
 Col. Turner attributes his 
 success in life to hard work, 
 and at the age of sixty- 
 seven he enjoys a vigorous 
 
 manhood which well befits the part he has taken in the 
 development of the West. 
 
 Col. W. W. D. Turner, like many other Colorado, Montana 
 and Western mining men, has been attracted to Los Angeles 
 by the geniality of its climate. Coming here with the desire 
 to spend his time in the enjoyment of a well-earned rest after 
 forty years of practice before the bar in many parts of the 
 United States, Col. Turner has taken advantage of the oppor- 
 tunities awaiting the investor in this section and has re-entered 
 active life. He has a beautiful home on West Adams street, 
 in one of the most exclusive residence sections of Los Angeles. 
 The grounds are among the most attractive in the city, and 
 are laid out with a wealth of tropical and semi-tropical plants 
 and shrubs. 
 
RESIDENCE OK C. HENRY THOMPSON. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. W. D. TURNER. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF F. C. KENNER. 
 
124 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 HENRY JOHN WOOLLACOTT. 
 
 HENRY J. WOOLLACOTT was born in Salt Lake City 
 in 1858. His parents were among the little band of 
 pioneers who emigrated to Utah during the early '50' s 
 from England. His father was a stone cutter by trade, and 
 young Woollacott's boyhood was spent like that of most boys 
 of that time. After reaching his twelfth year the lad never 
 had the advantages or opportunities of further schooling 
 except in the greatest of all schools presided over by Experi- 
 ence from her he learned the lesson well. Having reached 
 the age of twelve, he secured employment in the retail grocery 
 department of the Walker Brothers' immense general mer- 
 chandise store in his native city, receiving the sum of $3 a 
 week as compensation. He remained with the firm for over 
 
 HENRY JOHN WOOLLACOTT. 
 
 five years, during which time he was transferred to the liquor 
 department and received better wages. He learned the business 
 thoroughly. In 1876, when he had just passed his eighteenth 
 birthday, young Woollacott, ever alert for an opportunity to 
 better his condition, decided to come to Los Angeles, then a 
 little Spanish town of less than 6000 population, but showing 
 signs of an awakening that was to arouse the favorable 
 comment of all parts of the world. With a capital of $20 cash 
 he immediately looked about for employment in the vocation in 
 which he had served so faithful an apprenticeship. His quest 
 was gratified by securing a position with Alex. McKenzie at 
 the monthly wage of $50. Mr. Woollacott remained in the 
 employ of Mr. McKenzie for the ensuing four years, when he 
 embarked in business upon his own account, at the age of 
 twenty-two. The time honored house of H. J. Woollacott 
 enjoys the distinction of being the only business house in 
 this city that has continued under one ownership and man- 
 agement for a period of twenty-three years ; while a feature 
 
 that is worthy of comment and one in which Mr. Woollacott 
 takes a pardonable pride is the fact that his wholesale liquor 
 business has been conducted as quietly and unoffensively as 
 that of any other reputable house in the city. The business 
 of the establishment grew from its very incipiency, and for 
 the quarter of a century that it has been in existence has built 
 up a trade that extends not only throughout the southern 
 portion of the State, but throughout adjacent and Eastern 
 States as well. 
 
 For sixteen years Mr. Woollacott gave his undivided time 
 and attention to the upbuilding of the business and establish- 
 ing the enviable reputation his brands of wines have won. 
 In 1889 Mr. Woollacott was associated with the original 
 organizers and founders of the State Loan and Trust Com- 
 pany. In 1896, after having served upon the board of direct- 
 ors since the organization of the bank, and as both second and 
 first vice-presidents, Mr. Woollacott was tendered the presi- 
 dency, which he accepted and has held ever since, devoting 
 his undivided attention to the duties imposed by the responsi- 
 bilities of the office. Aside from being the head of the State 
 Bank and Trust Company, Mr. Woollacott enjoys the distinc- 
 tion of being the only one of the original incorporators of the 
 bank still connected with it in an official capacity. 
 
 When but a young man in his twenties he became impressed 
 with the future of the city, and made a number of judicious 
 investments which serve to show his faculty for looking into 
 the future. One instance will serve as an illustration of his 
 method of operating. In 1883 he purchased property at the 
 corner of Sixth and Spring streets for $1400, selling it five 
 years later for nearly $20,000, and immediately invested that 
 amount in Spring street property between Second and Third, 
 which now could not be purchased for $150,000. Mr. Wool- 
 lacott relates his first experiences in Los Angeles, when as 
 a boy he worked for $50 a month, making it a rule to save 
 $42 every month, and letting that out at interest. The result 
 was inevitable a merchant at twenty-two, and a bank presi- 
 dent at thirty-eight. 
 
 Aside from his mercantile and banking interests he is con- 
 nected with the California Warehouse Company as treasurer 
 and director, and has done much to advance its interests. In 
 the oil fields he is treasurer of the Western Union Oil 
 Company. The company owns valuable property in the 
 Santa Maria district, and under the present able manage- 
 ment development work is progressing rapidly and satisfac- 
 torily. The Butte Lode Mining Company, of the famous 
 Randsburg camp, is one of the mining companies in which 
 Mr. Woollacott displays the most active interest. This young 
 bonanza has paid dividends of fifty cents a share for the 
 twenty-eight months preceding the labor disturbance of 1903 
 at Randsburg, and a continuance of this remarkable record 
 followed its settlement. 
 
 Often the best test of business sagacity is shown by the 
 ability to grasp an opportunity which may seem to others 
 hazardous, and to bring it to a successful issue. This rare 
 and unmistakable talent is possessed to a remarkable degree 
 by Mr. Woollacott, if we are to judge from the success which 
 has attended the efforts of the poor boy who came to Los 
 Angeles but a few short years ago, and has gained the confi- 
 dence of the public in all his business relations, and a uni- 
 versal respect for his unqualified success, and esteem for the 
 manner in which it has contributed to the development of the 
 city's prosperity. 
 
SOME ATTRACTIVE HOMES IN LOS ANGELES. 
 
 w. c. PATTERSON'S RESIDENCE. 
 E. P. CLARK'S RESIDENCE. 
 
 L N. VAN NUYS RESIDENCE. 
 KASPARE CORN'S RESIDENCE. 
 
126 
 
 MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 MRS. R. O. BUTTERFIELD. 
 
 WHILE California first won distinction as a gold- 
 producing State, and has since maintained her repu- 
 tation as a producer of the precious metal, it is not 
 alone from this mineral that her source of wealth is derived. 
 Until within the past few years comparatively little was 
 known of the lepidolite mines of San Diego county, but today 
 they have been sufficiently exploited and developed to have 
 aroused the interest of capital and mining men in various 
 parts of the United States. A brief recital of the discovery 
 and development of the lepidolite mines near the historic 
 old Mission Indian town of Pala, in San Diego county, touches 
 upon the life and career 
 of Mrs. R. O. Butterfield, 
 one who has been among 
 the most energetic and ac- 
 tive workers in San Diego 
 for the past seventeen years. 
 
 Mrs. R. O. Butterfield 
 has been so intimately con- 
 nected with the best inter- 
 ests of San Diego for so 
 many years that doubtless 
 many may think her a 
 western woman. A west- 
 ern woman she most cer- 
 tainly is, but not by birth. 
 She owes her nativity to 
 Cleveland, Ohio, where she 
 w.is brought up surroundel 
 with every advantage, edu- 
 cational and otherwise. A 
 keen student of human na- 
 ture, Mrs. Butterfield has 
 profited by her powers of 
 observation, and today pos- 
 sesses a happy faculty for 
 gathering about her men 
 and women of character 
 and worth. Alwavs an ex- 
 tensive traveler and travel 
 is a great educator Mr>. 
 Butterfield first became in- 
 terested in the Pacific Coast 
 and its great natural re- 
 sources early in the spring 
 of 1887. Together with as- 
 sociates she conceived the 
 idea of colonizing thousands 
 of acres of the rich and fer- 
 tile soil of Lower California. 
 
 A company was formed under the corporate title of " The 
 International Company," and large land grants were secured 
 from the Mexican government which stretched along the 
 coast of Lower California for many miles. Mrs. Butterfield 
 acted as agent for the company and purchased in her own 
 right a large tract of land which she brought under cultiva- 
 tion through the building of immense irrigation canals. Colo- 
 nists were brought over from European countries, and Mrs. 
 Butterfield's indefatigable efforts and energy were so well 
 directed that when the plans were consummated over 210 
 colonists had been brought into that region through her indi- 
 vidual efforts. 
 
 After so successful a campaign in Lower California, and 
 
 MRS. R. O. BUTTERMELD. 
 
 having made San Diego her headquarters during this period of 
 time, it was quite natural that Mrs. Butterfield should have 
 become interested in that most alluring of pursuits mining. 
 Her first ventures in Arizona, just across the river from 
 San Diego county, proved successful, and the Arizona Giant 
 Company that was organized proved one of the most pro- 
 ductive properties in that mining district. Disastrous litiga- 
 tion during a number of years has greatly retarded its 
 development, but few properties of equal age can show a 
 more gratifying result than that found in the assay returns 
 and records of the Arizona Giant Copper Company. 
 
 Since first she cast her 
 fortunes with San Diego, 
 more than seventeen years 
 ago, Mrs. Butterfield has 
 been one of the staunches! 
 and most loyal supporters 
 of the resources of the Bay 
 City. She has invested her 
 means freely in the devel- 
 opment of the various in- 
 dustries that have appealed 
 to her, and has not turned 
 a deaf ear to a plea for 
 anything designed for the 
 public weal. 
 
 About four years ago 
 Mrs. Butterfield had her at- 
 tention called to the possi- 
 bilities offered investors in 
 lepidolite deposits near 
 Mesa Grande, in San Diego 
 county. The careful and 
 thorough investigation she 
 made of the properties con- 
 vinced her of its merits, 
 and she immediately began 
 to acquire land in th; vicin- 
 ity by both purchase and 
 locating. A company has 
 recently been formed for 
 the purpose of developing 
 the mines, with Mrs. But- 
 terfield as a director. 
 Under the active and pro- 
 gressive policy which char- 
 acterizes any enterprise 
 arousing Mrs. Butterfield's 
 favorable consideration, it 
 can safely be stated that the lepidolite mines of San Diego 
 county will soon be attracting the attention of the mining men 
 of the West. 
 
 San Diego owes much to the energetic personality of 
 Mrs. Butterfield, who has invested not only her own 
 means, but interested eastern capitalists in the development 
 of the great natural and mineral resources of Lower 
 California, Arizona, and San Diego county. 
 
 While Mrs. Butterfield's time is necessarily much given 
 up to the many business enterprises with which she is iden- 
 tified, she finds time to make and retain many social ac- 
 quaintances, both at her San Diego home and in eastern 
 cities, where she spends not a little of her time, 
 
>--> 
 
 Sources of Power for Our Industries 
 
 BY G. W. BURTON. 
 
 ROM time immemorial the presence of petroleum about twenty-five miles north of Los Angeles, in Pico 
 
 in California has been a well-known fact. 
 
 The Spanish invaders found the exudations of 
 
 crude oil at many points. It was as thick as soft 
 
 Canon. Chas. N. Felton, afterward Senator of the 
 United States, was induced to join in an attempt to 
 reach this oil. Well after well was bored, but each 
 
 pitch on the to]) of the ground where the liquid ele- proved to be a " dry hole." Mr. Felton, with match- 
 
 ments had evaporated. These early Spanish settlers less courage, poured thousand after thousand of his 
 
 called it brea, and used it for many purposes, as cov- money into the search, and at last was rewarded by 
 
 enng roofs of t h e i r a well producing a sat- 
 
 houses and making court I 51 isfactory amount of fine, 
 
 yards about their homes 
 and sidewalks, by mix- 
 ing it with gravel. The 
 first American settlers 
 made similar use of the 
 deposit. 
 
 About 1865 some Los 
 Angeles and Santa Bar- 
 bara people conceived 
 the idea of boring for 
 crude oil, and selected 
 the Camulos Rancho, be- 
 longing to the Del Valle 
 family and situated in 
 what is now the eastern 
 portion of Ventura 
 county, then part of 
 Santa Barbara county, as 
 the scene of their oper- 
 ations. Among those 
 engaged in this enter- 
 prise were Cameron E. 
 Thorn, Stephen H. Mott 
 and William R. Row- 
 land, all still living, and 
 enterprising citizens of 
 Los Angeles, and Hon. 
 Robert Y. Hayne, of 
 Santa Barbara. The 
 stock of this company 
 was put on the market 
 and sold to many citi- 
 
 WM. R. ROWLAND. 
 
 light-gravity oil. The 
 vein was discovered and 
 many wells were sunk, 
 each giving good re- 
 turns, and the Pacific 
 Oil Company became a 
 successful venture. 
 
 In 1880 the late Wil- 
 liam Lacy of Los Ange- 
 les joined William R. 
 Rowland, owner of the 
 Puente Rancho, in the 
 eastern part of Los An- 
 geles county, to bore for 
 oil in the Puente hills. 
 It was new business in 
 California, and only by 
 costly experiments and 
 persistence was success 
 possible. The first wells 
 were bored in the bot- 
 tom of a canon and were 
 shallow, small producers 
 of very heavy oil. As 
 holes were sunk further 
 up the hillsides better 
 producers of lighter oil 
 were found, and the 
 Puente Oil Company be- 
 came a large producer 
 and a successful venture. 
 
 Little further prog- 
 ress in the industry was 
 
 zens of the State. Many 
 
 thousands of dollars were expended in the search for made during the next ten years. Oil outcroppings 
 
 oil, but the effort was in vain. Yet, the territory 
 
 selected was on the edge of fine oil-producing lands. 
 
 were more or less numerous from the extreme north- 
 western corner of the State along the Coast Range 
 About 1875 oil was observed on the Newhall ranch, mountains jn a southeasterly direction to the Mexican 
 
128 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 border. Many such outcroppings were known to exist 
 in Santa Cruz and in 1 San Luis Obispo counties. In- 
 side the city of Los Angeles beds of brea and other 
 signs of oil existed, but no effort was made to develop 
 this deposit until nearly 1890. Right in the center of 
 the city, near a small park known as the Second-street 
 Park, such signs were abundant. Here the late Joseph 
 Bayer put down a well, and found a small producer of 
 heavy oil. He followed up this by other wells, and 
 before his death he had over $60,000 invested in the 
 small producing wells found in the district. E. L. 
 Doheny, an oil expert from Pennsylvania, who was 
 
 of oil, and is producing a good deal at the present time. 
 Few of the first wells, although bored fifteen years 
 ago, have failed to yield entirely. 
 
 Some time before the development of the Los 
 Angeles field was attempted, the Union Oil Company, 
 under the inspiration of Lyman Stewart of Los Ange- 
 les and Thomas R. Bard of Ventura, now United 
 States Senator, began to bore for oil in Torry Canon 
 and other places in the mountains of Ventura county, 
 near where the first attempt made to find oil in the 
 State failed. By persevering efforts and with great 
 expense the oil was reached. The ground was hard 
 
 TKE OIL FIELDS AT SUMMERLAND. 
 
 here more by chance than design, saw what was being 
 done, and secured some lots and put clown several 
 of these shallow wells, producing two to three and up 
 to five or more barrels of heavy oil a day. This Los 
 Angeles citv field from these small beginnings has 
 gone on until now it reaches from the east-central 
 part of the city westerly to the city limits, and goes 
 on into the country ten or twelve miles to the Ca- 
 huenga hills, where the Sherman Oil Company has 
 some fairly good wells. The belt is about half a mile 
 wide at most. This belt has produced a great deal 
 
 and the oil lay as deep as 2700 feet below the surface. 
 This is now generally known as Sespe district, and it 
 is a large producer today. The oil is mostly like that 
 of the Pico Canon, light, and is generally used for 
 refining. A pipe line has been laid to the ocean, and 
 at one time a steamer, specially constructed for oil 
 carrying, was owned by a company attached to the 
 Union Oil Company. 
 
 The next field developed was the Whittier field, 
 some twelve to fifteen miles easterly from Los Angeles 
 city, and extending in a generally easterly direction 
 
MBN Of' ACHIEVEMENT IN THIS GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 129 
 
 into Orange county, going through Fullcrton and on 
 to near the Santa Ana River. This field is on the 
 south slope of the same hills in which the Puente field 
 is on the north slope. The Santa Fe Railway Com- 
 pany secured a large slice of territory on the Olinda 
 Rancho, in the extreme easterly end of this territory, 
 and did energetic development work in that field. 
 The oil is very light, and much is sold to the Standard 
 Oil Company to be refined near San Francisco. The 
 Santa Fe Company intended the oil for fuel on the 
 engines used by the road, but finds it an economy to sell 
 the light oil at over $1 per barrel, and buy 
 heavy oil in other fields, where such oil has 
 been procurable as low as 10 cents per bar- 
 rel. It is probable that the Santa Fe in 
 this way has the cheapest fuel of any rail- 
 road in the country. Some wells in this 
 Fullerton field have cost a great deal to 
 bore. One operator is reported to have 
 put $21,000 in one hole before he reached 
 the oil. 
 
 Simultaneously with the development of 
 the Los Angeles and Fullerton fields, oper- 
 
 field and Joseph Chanslor went into the same field and 
 struck oil, but not until they had spent a good of 
 money. They could now come out of the field with 
 a large fortune. 
 
 The last field developed is that in the northern part 
 of Santa Barbara county, around Santa Maria and 
 Lompoc. It is a rich field, and will make very rich 
 men of the syndicate, mostly Los Angeles men, who 
 own it. 
 
 Such, in brief, is the history of oil development in 
 the State of California. It is a total of less than thirty 
 
 THE OIL FIELDS !N THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES. 
 
 ations were begun in Kern county, near Bakersfield. 
 This district is now the heaviest producer in the State, 
 yielding much more than all other fields put together. 
 Fresno is also a large producer, the Coalinga field 
 being one of the best in the State. In this field the 
 chances connected with such enterprises are well illus- 
 trated. The late William Lacy and his associate, 
 William R. Rowland, spent a considerable sum of 
 money searching for oil in the Coalinga field, and 
 found nothing. A few years later, Charles A. Can- 
 
 vears since the first producing well was 
 found. For the first ten years the pro- 
 duction was not large. The product by 
 years is given below. 
 
 Today the Standard Oil Company and 
 the two railroads, the Southern Pacific 
 and the Santa Fe, control a large propor- 
 tion of all the product of the State. The 
 Standard Oil Company has a pipe line 
 over 300 miles in length from the Kern 
 county district to Point Richmond, near 
 San Francisco, by which the oil is taken 
 to the refinery. There are pumping 
 plants all along the line at intervals, as 
 the land is almost level over a great deal 
 of the course. The heavy gravity of the oil compli- 
 cates the task of conveying it so far. 
 
 The Standard Oil Company, as already stated, 
 takes a large part of all the production of the State. 
 The two great railroad companies take another large 
 portion of it. These roads have either purchased ter- 
 ritory and put down wells, or they have bought terri- 
 tory already developed. The Santa Fe recently pur- 
 chased territory which cost over $1,000,000. Coal 
 was costing the railroads as high as $7 per ton before 
 
130 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 oil was discovered. This coal came from Australia, 
 British Columbia, the State of Washington and even 
 from Europe. Tests were made of the comparative 
 value of coal and oil. Tests have proved that one 
 pound of California petroleum on a passenger loco- 
 motive evaporated io.g6 pounds of water from and at 
 212 deg. F., as compared with 7.14 pounds of water 
 under like conditions evaporated by one pound bitu- 
 minous coal. This is rather below the results attained 
 by other tests, which, in many cases, show that from 
 three and one-fourth to three and one-half barrels of 
 petroleum did the work of one ton of coal. An evap- 
 oration test recently made by the Southern Pacific 
 Company gives further evidence of the superiority of 
 oil. The time of the test was nine and one-half hours. 
 In this time 41,515 pounds of water were evaporated 
 by 5852 pounds of soft coal, or the pounds of water 
 per pound of coal was 7.09. During the same time, 
 3988 pounds of oil, which was equal to 5987 pounds of 
 coal, evaporated 47,529 pounds of water, or the pounds 
 
 is steadily increasing the number of its oil-burning 
 locomotives. On the coast division of this line over 
 $350,000, it is said, wias saved last year over the cost 
 of coal. During the past year, the railroads con- 
 sumed, as near as can be estimated, fully 10,000,000 
 barrels. 
 
 Next to the railroads, the largest consumers of crude 
 oil are the refineries, of which there are forty in oper- 
 ation in the State. The largest is that of the Standard 
 Oil Company at Point Richmond, near San Francisco. 
 This has a capacity of 2000 barrels a day. There are 
 several refineries in the Kern district and several 
 others in Los Angeles city. The base of the Califor- 
 nia petroleum is asphalt, and this by-product of the 
 refineries is the most important. It is shipped to many 
 points in the United States, where it is used in street 
 paving, roofing and other ways. The residuum of 
 the refineries is used also in making printers' ink, and 
 asphalt is used in coating water pipes used in irrigat- 
 ing. An excellent point is also made of the by- 
 
 THE UNION CONSOLIDATED OIL AND REFINERY COMPANY S PLANT, LOS ANGELES. 
 
 of water per pound of oil was 11.9. As it requires, 
 according to practical tests, on an average of 1000 gal- 
 lons, or twenty-four barrels, of oil for every hundred 
 miles a train is hauled, compared with five tons of coal, 
 the saving on that distance, by using oil at 50 cents 
 a barrel, ranges from $16 to $20. The actual price 
 of the fuel, however, is not the only saving. Actual 
 tests have shown that it possesses other advantages 
 over coal. Besides reducing the wear and tear on 
 tenders by reason of less weight carried on a single 
 trip, it reduces the work of fire cleaning and handling 
 of ashes at terminals. On the Southern Pacific sys- 
 tem coal is to be abandoned absolutely, and the com- 
 pany is now practically on an oil basis. Its saving 
 annually on its fuel bill is said to be close to $4,000,000. 
 The Santa Fe is also a heavy consumer of oil, and 
 
 product of the refineries. Recently the application of 
 heavy crude oil in road-making has attracted much 
 attention. The crude oil coalesces with the clay and 
 gravel of the roads, forming a thick coat, which, after 
 two or three applications, becomes so hard that it lasts 
 some time. There is no dust in such roads. The 
 railroads have learned to use crude oil on their rights 
 of way between tracks for the same purpose of laying 
 the dust. Railroad travel in California is made very 
 comfortable by this means. 
 
 The development of oil has had a very important 
 bearing on manufacturing in California, and most of 
 all in Los Angeles. The cost of coal used to make 
 manufacturing here prohibitive. Coal here cost the 
 manufacturer from $7 to $n per ton. Eastern com- 
 petitors got their coal at $1.50 to $3 per ton. At first 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 131 
 
 a most important thing- to the fruit 
 growers of Southern California. The 
 rainfall here has been rather deficient 
 in this section nearly every year in the 
 last ten. The irrigating streams and 
 artesian wells have run low, and irri- 
 gators have been forced to seek new 
 supplies. This has been done in the way 
 of finding surface wells in many places. 
 Pumping plants have been installed at 
 these wells and abundant water pro- 
 duced at very low cost. 
 
 Before the development of an abun- 
 dant supply of crude oil, the importation 
 of foreign coal into California amounted 
 to as much as 2,000,000 tons some years. 
 At $6 per ton, the import cost of this was 
 
 LOOKING SOUTHEAST FROM 
 CENTRAL FIELD. 
 
 there was much difficulty 
 experienced in burning the 
 crude oil, but persevering 
 experiments resulted in ap- 
 pliances which burn it per- 
 fectly. At 50 cents to even 
 $1 per barrel, crude oil is as 
 cheap here as coal is at the 
 East. Hence, many manu- 
 facturing enterprises have 
 been successfully established 
 here, and they are being 
 added to from time to time. 
 Cheap crude oil has been 
 
 - " V ' 
 
 s 
 
 CENTRAL OIL COMPANY'S STORAGE TANKS AT LOS 
 NIETOS, CAL. 
 
 LOOKING NORTHWEST. 
 
 $12,000,000. This large sum of money 
 is practically all kept in the State now. 
 
 New uses for crude oil are continually 
 coming into being. Ocean-going steam- 
 ers have experimented in the use of oil, 
 and with good success. Of course, the 
 trouble here would be the obtaining of 
 a supply of crude oil at the out-port for 
 the return vovage, and to carry enough 
 for the round-trip on a long voyage 
 would not be easy. 
 
 Supply and demand have not been 
 steady in the twenty-five years of the 
 history of the industry. At times there 
 has not been enough to go round. At 
 other times there has been twice as much 
 
132 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 as there was a market for. The price naturally has 
 fluctuated from $3 a barrel in some localities at times 
 to 10 cents in others, at others. This caused much 
 fluctuation in the production. Up to the close of 1902 
 the whole amount of the petroleum product of Cali- 
 fornia from the time when mining began in the State 
 is placed at 39,680,217 barrels, representing a total 
 value of $27,067,997. The consumption in 1876 was 
 12,000 barrels, which represented the total production 
 for that year. Los Angeles county contributed most 
 of this oil, and it was not until 1891 that oil-bearing 
 strata were uncovered in the city of Los Angeles suf- 
 ficient to cause an important increase in the produc- 
 tion, a total of 99,682 barrels. But it was in 1888 
 when the height of the early development was reached, 
 and in that year 690,000 barrels of oil were con- 
 sumed in the State as a whole. Several years of 
 decadence intervened, and in 1889 the consumption 
 dropped to 303,200 barrels. Little change was 
 recorded until 1893, when the total output aggregated 
 470,179 barrels. The discovery of new fields in Kern 
 county and in Santa Barbara really marked the birth 
 of a new industry. These fields in 1894 began to con- 
 tribute, and in that year the consumption amounted 
 to 705,969 barrels. It is interesting to note the re- 
 markable advancement that followed. Investors and 
 speculators rushed in, and an oil boom swept over the 
 State. Great increase in the consumption of oil fol- 
 lowed, the consumption growing from 1,208,482 bar- 
 rels in 1895 to 4,329,950 barrels in 1900. In 1901 the 
 consumption reached 7,710,315 barrels, and in 1902 
 the oil-producing territory of California contributed 
 14,356,910 barrels of crude petroleum. The last year 
 the output is estimated at 25,000,000 barrels, of a 
 value of $12,500,000, or an average of a little more 
 than 50 cents per barrel. The facts here presented 
 show that during the last year or two consumption- 
 has much more than outrun the output, using up all 
 the accumulation of the previous years, when the 
 opposite condition prevailed. The large amount taken 
 by the railroads and the presence of the Standard Oil 
 Company in the State as a refiner, seem to insure a 
 steady market for all the oil at all likely to be produced 
 for some years to come. 
 
 Among the large users of crude oil in the State are 
 the five large sugar factories. This led the sugar- 
 makers of the Hawaiian Islands to use petroleum 
 instead of coal. While steamers bound on long voy- 
 ages do not use oil, and while many coastwise steamers 
 will continue to use coal obtained in British Columbia 
 and Washington, the steamers plying between San 
 Francisco and Honolulu are using oil. These take 
 dowin crude oil for the sugar factories and bring back 
 cargoes of sugar. The use of oil on roads is only 
 at its beginning. It is pretty sure to grow while oil 
 
 can be had at present prices. With the growth of 
 population on the Pacific Coast and of trade between 
 here and China and Japan, manufacturing enterprises 
 must grow apace. Each new plant will create a de- 
 mand for more crude oil. In a year or two the harbor 
 at San Pedro will be completed, and the Salt Lake 
 road will be in operation. The result is sure to be 
 a great revival of shipping at the old embarcadero of 
 the caballeros. The oil deposits of California are said 
 by experts to be only touched. For many years to 
 come new development seems a necessity of the exist- 
 ing conditions. 
 
 At the present time, there are sixteen fields in the 
 six districts noted below, where development is going 
 on. There are a total of 2750 wells in these fields. 
 They vary from a few feet deep to 2700 feet, and a 
 well of 3000 feet is now being sunk in the Santa Maria 
 field. These wells, from the estimate made for 
 1903, seem to be producing an average of about 9000 
 barrels a year each. Some of them produce less than 
 500 barrels a year. Most of them have to be pumped. 
 But many of them are great producers, which require 
 little or no pumping.. One well in the Kern district 
 is said to have produced oil of the value of $250,000 
 in, four months. One in the Coalinga field is reported 
 to have put $5,000,000 in the pockets of its owners in 
 a few years. Nearly every man who has gone into 
 the oil business in California has made money. Per- 
 haps in no industry in the country has there been so 
 few failures to make money. 
 
 There are many points of minor interest in the Cali- 
 fornia oil industry. The gravity varies very much, 
 some being 8 degrees gravity and some 45 degrees. 
 Some of the shallow wells yield oil so thick it is almost 
 asphalt, and the product of some is a light-green oil 
 almost like manufactured product. 
 
 The insurance companies are interested in the use 
 of oil as fuel. In San Francisco there are said to be 
 as many as 300 factories, large and small using crude 
 oil as fuel. A year ago an effort was made to force 
 through the State Legislature a bill forbidding the 
 use of oil unless it was so prepared as to yield a very 
 high-flash test. In the discussion of this subject in 
 committee the insurance companies showed that since 
 the use of oil as fuel had become general in San Fran- 
 cisco factories, the fire losses were much lower than 
 had been the case when coal had been the usual fuel. 
 The average reduction of fire loss was $378,000 per 
 year. The fire record in Los Angeles shows similar 
 results. 
 
 The general public has much interest in the oil in- 
 dustry. The stimulation cheap fuel has given to man- 
 ufacturing here has benefited not only the thousands 
 of people employed in such industries, but has an inti- 
 mate bearing on the general business of the city. 
 
MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 133 
 
 Employes must have homes to live in, and they must 
 spend their earnings at stores of all kinds in the city. 
 The money paid the wage-earner is seldom hoarded. 
 It is nearly all spent as fast as it comes. Unfortu- 
 nately, it is too often spent before it is earned. These 
 Los Angeles factories now use 250,000 barrels of oil 
 a month. This includes the oil used at refineries. The 
 promise of the future is almost unlimited. There is 
 
 BORING FOR OIL. 
 
 no reason .why, with cheap fuel, with an inexhaustible 
 supply of the best iron ore in the world, easily acces- 
 sible to this city, with a fine harbor at the gates of the 
 city and with the markets of the ( )rient, and of all the 
 American coast north and south, nearer to this point 
 than to any other, the manufacturing should not grow 
 rapidly. Los Angeles lies nearer the southern cotton 
 fields and nearer the oriental markets for cotton goods 
 than any other point. Cotton factories ought to be 
 possible here. 
 
 Thus, looked at from any point of view, the fact is 
 forced on the mind that the future of the California 
 oil industry is something all but impossible to over- 
 estimate. It is not an iridescent dream to guess that 
 before many years pass, the production of crude oil in 
 this State will reach a total of 50,000,000 barrels. 
 
 Large fortunes have been made in the business. Large 
 fortunes will continue to be made in it. 
 
 Since 1887 the annual production has been as fol- 
 lows, being the official figures of the State Mining 
 liureau on Petroleum: 
 
 BARRELS. 
 
 1887 ................ 678,572 
 
 1888 ................ 690,333 
 
 1^89 ................ 303,220 
 
 1890 ................ 307.360 
 
 1891 ................ 323,600 
 
 '892 ................ 385,049 
 
 1893 ................ 470,179 
 
 1894 ................ 783,078 
 
 1895 ................ 1,245,339 
 
 1896 ................ 1,257,780 
 
 1 897 ................ i ,91 1 ,569 
 
 1898 ................ 2,249,088 
 
 1899 ................ 2,677,875 
 
 1900 ................ 4,329,950 
 
 1902 ................ 14,356,910 
 
 *iox>3 ............... 25,000,000 
 
 VALUE. 
 
 $1,357,144 
 1,380,666 
 368,048 
 384,200 
 
 401,264 
 
 561,333 
 
 608,092 
 
 1,064,521 
 1,000,235 
 1,180,793 
 
 1,918,269 
 
 2,376,420 
 
 2,600,793 
 4,152,928 
 2,961,102 
 4,692,189 
 12,500,000 
 
 fc Estimated. 
 
 Surely the exhibit here made is an inspiring one. 
 By districts for the year 1902, the yield was as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 BARRELS. 
 
 1 . Los Angeles 2,198,496 
 
 2. Kern 9,777,948 
 
 3. Fresno 57 I , 2 33 
 
 4. Orange 1,103,793 
 
 5. Santa Barbara 230,440 
 
 6. Ventura 475,000 
 
 VALUE. 
 
 $1,075,868 
 
 1,955,585 
 
 199,931 
 
 824,492 
 
 455-000 
 
 14,356,910 $4,692,189 
 
 1. Los Angeles City, Whittier, Newhall, Puente. 
 
 2. Kern River, Sunset, Midway, McKittrick. 
 
 3. Coalinga. 
 
 4. Fullerton, P>rea Canon. 
 
 5. Summerland, Santa Maria, Lompoc. 
 
 6. Santa Paula, Sespe Canon, etc. 
 
 In the two tables presented above, much difference 
 will be noted in the price of the oil. This is due to 
 the varying quality, or gravity, of the product, and 
 to the remoteness of the field from the market. 
 
134 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 CENTRAL OIL COMPANY, OF LOS ANGELES. 
 
 ONE of the most remarkable features of development 
 in Los Angeles county and Southern California during 
 the past few years has been the greatly increased pro- 
 duction of petroleum. For a quarter of a century petroleum 
 has been produced on a limited scale in Los Angeles and 
 Ventura counties, but it is only within the past few years, 
 since the discovery of a rich field within the city limits of 
 Los Angeles, that the industry has assumed great importance. 
 Today the petroleum industry of Southern California is 
 attracting the attention of capitalists throughout the country. 
 While development has been extended into other counties, 
 Los Angeles still ranks high in the production of petroleum, 
 having produced in 1902 about 25 per cent, of the total output 
 of the State, which was estimated at 14,000,000 barrels. 
 Among the oil companies that have contributed in a generous 
 degree to swelling this immense annual production, few 
 occupy a more prominent position in Los Angeles county 
 than the above named company. 
 
 The history of the company, from the time of its organi- 
 zation in January, 1900, to the present time, has been that of 
 one unbroken string of successes. Capitalized for $1,000,000 
 with 200,000 shares in the treasury and 800,000 shares out, the 
 company has paid dividends amounting to over $200,000, and 
 this year will pay over 7 per cent, in addition to prosecuting 
 development work with unabated activity. It is free from 
 indebtedness, and directed by men who have won enviable 
 reputations as men of exceptional business acumen. 
 
 One of the most desirable features in regard to the Cen- 
 tral Oil Company's property is its accessibility and consequent 
 low cost of transportation to the markets. The 2200 acres 
 owned by the company lie about one and one-half miles east 
 of the town of Whittier, which, by the way, owes much of 
 its prosperity to the presence of this million dollar corpora- 
 tion. The excellence of its location can best be appreciated 
 when it is known that the Santa Fe Railroad Company's 
 tracks are but four miles from the property, while the South- 
 ern Pacific and the Salt Lake Railroad companies run within 
 one and one-half miles of the land owned by the company. 
 
 The first prospecting on the ground was done by the former 
 owners in the summer of 1895, at which time a well was 
 sunk 1000 feet and a good flow of oil struck. In fact, the 
 well is still producing, thus establishing the theory that 
 the district is a lasting one. Since that date development 
 work has resulted in thirty-four producing wells, while 
 five drilling outfits, owned by the company, are constantly 
 employed on additional wells. It is a significant fact that the 
 deep wells are the most productive, and the thirty-four 
 wells are now producing over 25,000 barrels of oil monthly. 
 It is interesting to note in this connection that the produc- 
 tion is steadily increasing under the policy adopted by the 
 management, and this year will witness a total production 
 double that of 1903. 
 
 The shipping facilities of the Central Oil Company are 
 most excellent. At the junction of the Santa Fe and the 
 Southern Pacific Railroad tracks, four miles from the com- 
 pany's oil land, five acres of land have been purchased upon 
 which have been constructed storage tanks with a capacity 
 of 40,000 barrels, together with such pipe lines for loading 
 as are required for the prompt filling of ten cars at once. 
 These storage tanks are connected with the receiving and set- 
 tling tanks at the wells by a four-and-one-half-mile four-inch 
 pipe line. No pumping is required, as the elevation of the 
 company's oil land above the storage tanks is over 750 feet, 
 thereby providing sufficient pressure to insure a rapid flow 
 to the storage tanks from the wells. 
 
 The water problem, which confronts many oil companies 
 operating in remote places as one of their most serious diffi- 
 culties, has been solved by the Central Oil Company in a 
 most satisfactory manner. It owns five acres of land in the 
 town of Whittier, where it has built a cement reservoir with 
 a capacity of 750,000 gallons, and into this reservoir is received 
 an ample supply of water from artesian wells. Another 
 reservoir capable of holding 420,000 gallons is located on the 
 company's oil land two and one-quarter miles distant, and 
 connected with the receiving reservoir by a six-inch pipe 
 line, through which powerful pumping machinery forces 
 10,000 gallons per hour. This supply is not only ample for 
 its own needs, but permits the company to dispose of large 
 quantities to consumers in that vicinity. As from thirty-five 
 to forty men are constantly employed in prosecuting the work 
 of the company, quite a little settlement is maintained on the 
 ground. A feature that is of great advantage is the presence 
 of skilled blacksmiths and machinists, together with a com- 
 pletely equipped machine shop, permitting of all necessary 
 repairs on the ground without incurring the loss of time that 
 would be occasioned if the company had to send all repair 
 work to the city. The wells are operated by pumping jacks, 
 capable of pumping from ten to a dozen wells each, although 
 most of the deeper wells are provided with walking beams. 
 
 It is a well known fact that Whittier oil has established 
 a reputation that makes it much sought for by consumers. 
 It is said by some refiners to make a better illuminating oil 
 than the Coalinga product with 38 degrees gravity, or the 
 Ventura oil with 34 degrees gravity. It is interesting to 
 note that in one specific case, where the Central Oil Com- 
 pany furnished a local consumer with 10,000 barrels of oil in 
 one lot, that he deducted but nine and one-half barrels for 
 moisture out of the entire consignment. This is no doubt 
 due to the fact that especial care is taken in handling the oil 
 both at the receiving, settling and storage tanks, it being the 
 custom to settle the oil before shipping. 
 
 Often the best test of business sagacity is shown by the 
 ability to grasp an opportunity which may seem to others 
 hazardous, and to bring it to successful issue. This rare 
 and unmistakable talent is possessed in a marked degree by 
 the officers of the above company, and no better evidence 
 could be desired than that afforded by the success of the 
 Central Oil Company. Mr. W. W. Neuer, the president of 
 the company, is a gentleman with previous experience in the 
 oil regions of Pennsylvania, where he operated successfully 
 during the latter '7o's. It is largely due to his untiring 
 energy and practical experience that the company has suc- 
 ceeded where others failed. Mr. Robert N. Bulla, the secre- 
 tary of the company, is prominent in the legal profession 
 and a well known figure in the political arena of the State, 
 where he was a successful candidate for the State Senator- 
 ship during the years 1897 and 1899. His knowledge of the 
 intricacies of the law has without doubt contributed much to 
 the success of the company in assisting it to avoid disastrous 
 litigation. Mr. H. R. Lacey occupies the position of super- 
 intendent of the company, and personally supervises all field 
 work. He has been identified with the company from its 
 incipiency, and is largely interested in its stock. All are 
 men of substantial character and resources, and as a firm 
 present one of the strongest associations of business talent 
 in the city. It commands the confidence of the public in all 
 its business relations, a universal respect for its unqualified 
 success, and esteem for the manner in which it has con- 
 tributed to the development of one of the State's greatest 
 industries. 
 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 135 
 
 MRS. EMMA A. SUMMERS. 
 
 
 DURING the past few years one of the most remarkable 
 features of development in Southern California has 
 been the greatly increased production of petroleum. 
 For a number of years previous to the excitement of the 
 early 'go's there had been a small amount of oil produced in 
 this county, but it has been since the discovery of the rich 
 field within the city limits of Los Angeles that the industry 
 has assumed a place that gives it rank with the mining inter- 
 ests of the Southwest, and there is abundant evidence that 
 within a few years California will be the leading petroleum 
 State of the Union, and that the value of the oil product 
 will equal that of the gold mines. 
 
 Emma A. Summers is a Kentuckian by birth, having been 
 born and educated in Hickman, that State. Her father was 
 a local merchant and banker, and possessed of what at that 
 time was considered ample 
 means. At an early age the lit- 
 tle miss developed marked 
 musical talent, and upon com- 
 pleting her education in her 
 native State, entered upon a 
 complete course at the New 
 England Conservatory of 
 Music, in Boston, Massachu- 
 setts. Success attended her 
 studies in a most gratifying 
 degree, and in the summer of 
 1879 she received her diploma 
 and graduated from that cele- 
 brated institution of musical 
 culture. Returning to her 
 home, she remained but a com- 
 paratively short time before be- 
 ing married to Mr. A. C. Sum- 
 mers. In the year 1881 the 
 young married couple, deter- 
 mined upon carving a fortune 
 out of the rugged West, moved 
 to Fort Worth, Texas, where 
 they remained for two years, 
 Mrs. Summers forming a circle 
 of most cultured and delightful 
 friends. In 1883, however, re- 
 ports of the attractions of 
 Southern California proved so 
 irresistible that the same year 
 found her a resident of this 
 city. It is not the intention to 
 
 follow her career through the ten years that intervened 
 between her arrival in Los Angeles and the commencement 
 of the oil excitement in '92-3. Suffice to say that her executive 
 ability and ambition would crop out at most unexpected inter- 
 vals, and for a number of years during the " boom " she made 
 purchases of real estate, disposing of them all to advantage. 
 She is the owner of much realty in various parts of the 
 city, all of which she has made revenue-producing. Her 
 musical genius, too, was evidenced in her class of pupils, 
 organized to pass away the idle hours, as Mrs. Summers is 
 an indefatigable worker, and does not believe in " idle 
 hours." Many of her former pupils have continued the mus'i- 
 cal training commenced under her 1 tutelage, and have won 
 prominence in their profession. 
 
 Business perception and executive ability were her heritage, 
 and these had been supplemented by associations which fitted 
 
 EMMA A. SUMMERS 
 
 her for the creation, control and expansion of extensive inter- 
 ests. Naturally when oil was first discovered in the vicinity 
 of her home on California street, Mrs. Summers was early 
 on the ground in the morning of its fame. That she secured 
 a good location for her first well is best evidenced when it is 
 announced that the well is still producing after ten years' 
 pumping. It is located on Court street, near Temple, in what 
 was formerly the very heart of the oil belt. Since that day, 
 Mrs. Summers has sunk many wells in various parts of the 
 oil field, and today she is operating fourteen which she owns. 
 But to estimate her position in the oil circles of Los Angeles 
 by the production of these fourteen wells would be erroneous, 
 for be it known that this soft-spoken, pleasant-faced little 
 Southern lady is the heaviest individual operator in the dis- 
 trict, and is known on " the street " as the " Oil Queen," a 
 
 title that she has earned by 
 virtue of her extensive and stu- 
 pendous operations in the local 
 fields. It is authoritatively 
 announced that she deals in 
 over 50,000 barrels of the sticky 
 stuff every month, yet in her 
 handsomely-appointed offices in 
 the Mason Opera House build- 
 ing there is no evidence of this 
 vast amount of oil (enough to 
 float a battleship), unless it be 
 in the extensive correspondence 
 and innumerable telegrams that 
 are constantly being received. 
 
 Some idea of the extent of 
 her operations may be gained 
 from the knowledge that she 
 has contracts with such oil- 
 consuming plants as those oper- 
 ated by the Los Angeles Rail- 
 way Company, the San Pedro, 
 Los Angeles and Salt Lake 
 Railroad, the Redondo Railway 
 Company, the Pacific Light and 
 Power Company, the Ice and 
 Cold Storage Company, besides 
 a number of oil refineries and 
 practically every large hotel, 
 laundry and machine shop in 
 the city. 
 
 Mrs. Summers has always 
 acted independently in her ope- 
 rations, and the measure of success her ventures have yielded 
 must be credited to her individuality and personal efforts. She 
 lives in an artistic and comfortable home on California street, 
 where she has resided for many years before Fortune 
 bestowed her smiles upon her, preferring to remain in the 
 old home to seeking other surroundings, though it is a well- 
 known fact that she could be mistress of the most preten- 
 tious residence in Los Angeles should she choose to do so. 
 In business circles her opinions are sought for and valued 
 by bankers, mining men and successful business men of years 
 of long experience. Her office is beset with persons seeking 
 interviews to present Utopian schemes. For a while these 
 proved a source of amusement, being, in instances, so absurd 
 as to pass belief. But such fanciful propositions received 
 the peremptory dismissal they merited, and when they 
 became a nuisance, measures were taken to forestall them. 
 
136 
 
 MEN or ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 RUFUS H. HERRON. 
 
 RUFUS H. HERRON came to Los Angeles at about 
 the time of the first discoveries of a rich field of 
 petroleum almost within the city limits. He has since 
 been closely identified with the great industry, and has done 
 as much to advance its interests as any man in the State. 
 Having had an experience covering a number of years in the 
 great oil regions of Western Pennsylvania and West Vir- 
 ginia, it will be seen that he brought to the coast not only 
 his own private capital, but an invaluable experience, both of 
 wmch he freely invested in this greatest of Southern Califor- 
 nia's young enterprises. 
 
 Rufus H. Herron owes his nativity to Pennsylvania, where 
 away back in smoky old 
 Pittsburgh he was born in 
 '49. As a youth he evi- 
 denced a rare determination 
 of purpose and character; 
 as a man of affairs these 
 characteristics have been 
 even more pronounced. His 
 education was obtained in 
 the Western University of 
 his native city, and there 
 the boy grew to man's es- 
 tate. Having early dis- 
 played a fondness for busi- 
 ness, he secured a position 
 with the Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road, where he acquired 
 much valuable knowledge 
 that he used in good stead 
 when later, resigning his 
 railroad position, he became 
 associated with his father 
 and brother in the real es- 
 tate and brokerage business 
 in Pittsburgh. When later 
 his father was appointed 
 Pension Agent, Mr. Herron 
 assumed charge of the of- 
 fice and conducted it for a 
 period of four years most 
 satisfactorily. 
 
 Although a member of 
 the firm of William A. 
 Herron & Sons until 1890, 
 Mr. Herron's interests were 
 by no means confined to 
 the real estate and broker- 
 age business of which he 
 was a partner. He ac- 
 quired holdings in various 
 portions of the oil fields of both Western Pennsylvania and 
 the adjoining State of West Virginia. So assiduously did he 
 apply himself to business that in 1890, after having met with 
 gratifying success in his operations in the field, he was com- 
 pelled on account of failing health to retire from active busi- 
 ness life and seek to recuperate in a less rigorous climate. 
 After traveling extensively throughout the Southern States, 
 and the famous watering places of the Continent, he finally 
 came to Los Angeles in 1893, after having been retired for 
 three years. At the time of his arrival in Southern California 
 
 RUFUS H. HERSON 
 
 he had abandoned all idea of ever again engaging in business, 
 but so beneficial was the climate and so ambitious the man, 
 that shortly after his arrival the opportunities afforded in the 
 then newly discovered oil fields proved irresistible. Profiting 
 by his experience in the older oil regions of the East, he 
 decided to open an oil well supply house in this city, and 
 accordingly in 1895, two years after his arrival in the State, 
 opened the first oil well supply house on the coast. Realizing 
 the importance and necessity of having supplies available 
 without expensive delays, he shortly after opened a second 
 establishment in the heart of the Coalinga district ; this was 
 followed by a third house in San Francisco, which was 
 
 designed to supply all the 
 rich territory then being de- 
 veloped in the northern part 
 of the State. It is interest- 
 ing to note, in this connec- 
 tion, that Mr. Herron is the 
 only man selling this class 
 of goods on the coast who 
 has been an operator, and 
 fully understands the re- 
 quirements of the business. 
 As sole agent for the Oil 
 Well Supply Company of 
 Pittsburgh, he represents 
 the largest manufacturers of 
 oil well supplies in the world, 
 and is enabled to keep 
 in constant touch with the 
 fluctuations of the market. 
 The success which attended 
 the establishment of the first 
 three houses induced Mr. 
 Herron to still further in- 
 crease his facilities for sup- 
 plying the market by open- 
 ing stores in Bakersfield, 
 McKittrick and Mariposa, 
 all of which carry complete 
 stocks of the machinery, 
 tools and supplies in de- 
 mand in their respective sec- 
 tions. Nothing required by 
 the trade is too small or 
 nothing too large to be 
 found and secured in these 
 establishments. In the line 
 of engines, boilers, belting, 
 cordage, Reading casing 
 (which is by the way made 
 of iron and far superior 
 
 to steel for the purpose,) drilling and fishing tools, the stock 
 is complete. " Fishing " tools, which are expensive pieces of 
 mechanism owing to patents, etc., are rented at a nominal 
 charge, thereby enabling drillers in need of such appliances 
 to take advantage of this progressive idea, without incurring 
 the expense of purchasing a tool that might not again be 
 required for a year. 
 
 As an operator, Mr. Herron has been active ever since his 
 introduction to the oil fields of the State. He was one of 
 the first men to enter the Summcrland district in Santa 
 
MEN Of' ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 137 
 
 Barbara county, and organized the Duqucsne Oil Company 
 in company with Thomas D. Wood, an old Pittsburg friend. 
 This is a close corporation, and owns a large ocean frontage 
 in that well known district. Thirty wells are producing 
 at the present time, while development work is being 
 actively prosecuted on other parts of the property, which is 
 the most uniquely situated of any in the State. Owing to 
 the location of the property, exceptional shipping facilities 
 arc at the com- 
 mand of the com- 
 pany, although at 
 present the oil is 
 sold on the ground. 
 Mr. Herron is 
 intere s t e d in a 
 proposition near 
 Santa Maria, which 
 gives promise of a 
 great future. He 
 was the pioneer in 
 Colusa county, 
 north of San Fran- 
 cisco, and operated 
 in the Fullerton 
 fields. In the Coa- 
 linga district he 
 \-as among t h e 
 first and most en- 
 ergetic developers 
 of that region, and 
 was for a time in- 
 terested largely in 
 the local west end 
 oil fields. The 
 growing demands 
 of his business made it imperative to devote almost his entire 
 time to its needs, and at present he has disposed of all of his 
 interests except those in Santa Barbara county. 
 
 With injustice to none, it may safely be stated that few 
 other men in the State have contributed in so generous a 
 degree to the success and development of this great industry 
 as Mr. Herron. He organized and was president of the first 
 oil exchange of the State the Los Angeles Oil Exchange 
 and held at the same time the position of vice-president 
 of the San Francisco Oil Exchange. lie has given freely 
 of his private fortune to the promotion of the interests of 
 
 petroleum in the 
 
 State, and has been 
 one of the most 
 active members of 
 the Chamber of 
 Commerce, the Los 
 Angeles Board of 
 Trade, and other 
 prominent local or- 
 ganizations. It was 
 he who founded 
 the Manufactur- 
 ers' Associ a t i o n, 
 which later was 
 merged into the 
 Merchants' and 
 Manufacturers' As- 
 sociation. 
 
 He is a director 
 of the Southern 
 California Masonic 
 Home Association, 
 a Shriner, a Knight 
 Templar, a Thirty- 
 second Degree 
 Mason, a Son of 
 Ihe Revolution, and 
 a member of the Loyal Legion, while among the social clubs 
 he is equally well known, !>iirg a member cf the California 
 Club of this city. 
 
 KKSII.ENCi: OF RUFUS H. HERRON. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF MRS. EMMA A. SUMMERS. 
 
138 
 
 MEN Of ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 W. W. NEUER. 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA is one of thz world's great- 
 est sanatoriums, and, in viewing the influence of the 
 climatic conditions upon the growth and prosperity of 
 Los Angeles, the casual observer is likely to overlook many 
 other noted features of the city's supremacy. Long ago the 
 fame of its climatic and scenic attractions overbalanced 
 our natural undeveloped resources, and it is not surprising 
 that this has also distanced the report of the progressive and 
 enterprising spirit which dominates the business element of 
 Los Angeles. To this characteristic, not less than to the 
 wealth of natural resources with which nature has endowed 
 this section of the State, Los Angeles owes her development; 
 and it is the purpose of the 
 writer to present in these 
 sketches the most striking 
 examples of individual en- 
 ergy our rich field affords. 
 
 W. W. Neuer was born 
 in the little village of Ham- 
 burg, in Central Pennsyl- 
 vania, in the year 1839. He 
 is descended from staunch 
 old Pennsylvania stock, his 
 great grand parents having 
 immigrated to this country 
 and settled in William 
 Penn's colonies early in the 
 seventeenth century. As a 
 lad, young Neuer attended 
 the schools of his native 
 town until attaining the 
 age cf fourteen, at which 
 time he commenced to earn 
 his living, and was ap- 
 prenticed to a carpenter 
 and joiner, during which 
 time he also studied archi- 
 tecture. 
 
 While yet a young man 
 Mr. Neuer removed to 
 Wilkesbarre, Pa., and be- 
 came engaged in the build- 
 ing and real estate business, 
 where for many years he 
 was engaged in the prac- 
 tice of his profession, and 
 his architectural skill was 
 evidenced in erecting many 
 of the most imposing public 
 and private buildings in thr.t ^ 
 
 handsome city. For nearly a third of a century Mr. Neuer 
 was a resident of Wilkesbarre, during which time his name 
 was prominently associated with the real estate and other 
 interests of that city. His confidence was manifested in large 
 personal holdings, which included some of the choicest resi- 
 dence and business property. He did more than buy for 
 speculation ; he improved property and made it revenue-pro- 
 ducing. Several of the handsomest and most sightly resi- 
 dence sections of Wilkesbarre were platted and placed upon 
 the market through Mr. Neuer's personal efforts. 
 
 In 1878 Western Pennsylvania was in the midst of an oil 
 " boom." Mr. Neuer had established a reputation for clear 
 
 W. W. NEUKR. 
 
 judgment and keen perception, which had always been 
 guided by conversatism, and his reputation in business and 
 financial circles was that of a man of high authority and 
 strict integrity. When he entered the oil fields in the vicinity 
 of Bradford, Pa., in the year 1878, he had had no previous 
 experience in those lines, but a ripe business experience soon 
 demonstrated that correct business principles were quite a 
 match for luck in the exploitation and development of the 
 virgin territory which he entered at that time. Success 
 attended his efforts, and after a time he practically retired 
 from the field, so far as his personally directing affairs was 
 concerned, although he still retained extensive interests 
 
 there for many years. 
 
 In 1891, after having led 
 an exceptionally active life 
 for over forty years, Mr. 
 Neuer came to Southern 
 California and Los Angt- 
 les, with the intention of 
 practically retiring from 
 business cares. Either the 
 genial climate imbued him 
 with renewed energy or so 
 many years in the business 
 world induced habits that 
 were hard to throw off, for 
 in less than two years after 
 his adopting this city as his 
 home, we find him a pio- 
 neer in the Whittier oil 
 fields, which at that time 
 had been prospected and re- 
 ported adversely upon. In 
 1895 Mr. Neuer organized 
 the old Central Oil Com- 
 pany, and commenced the 
 active development of the 
 Whittier fields in the face 
 of the unsuccessful efforts 
 of other parties on the 
 ground. For five years the 
 company under the direc- 
 tion of Mr. Neuer, its pres- 
 ident and leading spirit, 
 continued the development 
 of the property they had 
 acquired in that section, 
 finally selling out to the 
 Central Oil Company of 
 Los Angeles, of which Mr. 
 
 Neuer is also president, and under which title the company 
 has been working for the past four years. 
 
 A complete story descriptive of the company, its history 
 and operations, will be found in another portion of this book. 
 A review of the career of W. W. Neuer furnishes food for 
 reflection for the youth of today. Starting in life as clerk in 
 a village store at wages of $i a week, he had, by frugality 
 and rare business acumen, acquiring quite a fortune at age of 
 thirty-two. For ten years he was an honored member of the 
 City Council of Wilkesbarre, Pa., each succeeding election 
 finding him the unanimous choice of his constituents. A 
 pioneer in the Western Pennsylvania oil fields in 1878 he 
 
MEN O1 } ACHI&VBMENT /A* THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 139 
 
 The success which has attended 
 his efforts is purely the result of 
 meritorious effort. Inher- 
 iting little but a steadfast 
 honesty of purpose, it was 
 ~, doubtless emula t i o n of 
 those virtues in his sturdy 
 parents that instilled into 
 Mr. Neuer's character that 
 industry and probity which 
 have marked his career, and 
 it seems but the fulfillment 
 of a just destiny that life 
 should hold in store for 
 such a man the rewards 
 of usefulness wealth and 
 position. 
 
 reaped the reward offered 
 the fearless and yet con- 
 servative investor in that 
 most alluring of pursuits, 
 and again, about twenty 
 years later, we find him 
 opening virgin territory on 
 the opposite side of the 
 continent. 
 
 Mr. Neuer's architectural 
 taste has found expression 
 in the building of a beau- 
 tiful home in one of the 
 city's most exclusive residence sec- 
 tions. Here he lives and entertains 
 in a manner befitting his rank and 
 station in life. His life is open 
 and true-hearted, reflecting the open- 
 handed generosity of the West. 
 Among mining, business and financial 
 men he is held in high esteem and 
 enjoys the confidence of those who 
 know him. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. W. NEUER. 
 
140 
 
 MEN Or ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 ROBERT N. BULLA. 
 
 IT IS interesting in reviewing the careers of men who have 
 made signal successes in oil and mining in the Southwest 
 to note the various stations in life from which they come. 
 While Fortune has chosen her sponsors from all ranks of 
 society, as established by difference of means and education, 
 it is a conspicuous fact that the favored ones represent, as a 
 rule, the conservative, persevering and deserving element. 
 The subject of this biography was possessed of both financial 
 and educational resources before he entered the active field 
 of industry, and is one whose experience has evidenced a 
 marked fitness for the obligations imposed by success. 
 
 Robert N. Bulla is an Indianian, having been born near 
 Richmond, in 1852. He was born on the old homestead that 
 his grandfather had carved out of the western wilderness, 
 when in the early part of the nineteenth century he had 
 emigrated to that portion of the country from North Caro- 
 lina. Young Bulla's boyhood 
 was passed upon the farm until 
 he attained his eighteenth year, 
 at which time, after having 
 received the rudiments of his 
 education in the district schools 
 of his native township, he at- 
 tended the National Univer- 
 sity of Lebanon, Ohio, from 
 which institution of learning 
 he graduated with the class of 
 '72. He early decided upon a 
 professional career, and after 
 teaching for one year in his 
 alma mater commenced the 
 study of the law. The laws 
 of Ohio at that time made 
 it necessary to devote two 
 years to the study of law be- 
 fore students could be admitted 
 to the bar, and in the Centen- 
 nial year, Mr. Bulla, then 
 twenty-four years of age, re- 
 ceived his sheepskin and was 
 admitted to practice in the 
 great commonwealth of Ohio. 
 
 After spending three years 
 in the practice of his profession 
 in Cincinnati, he became a res- 
 ident of New York City, where 
 
 for the following two years he was engaged in the work of 
 his chosen profession. At the expiration of that time, owing 
 to the ill-health of his wife, he was obliged to seek a less 
 rigorous climate. After traveling extensively for some time 
 he finally decided upon visiting San Francisco. Coming 
 through by way of Los Angeles, in the winter of 1883, so 
 impressed was he with the climatic conditions and business 
 possibilities of the then small town that he remained, and 
 has since been a permanent resident. 
 
 Shortly after his arrival in this city he became associated 
 with the law firm of Bicknel! & White, the members of which 
 (Ex-Senator White and Judge J. D. Bicknell) had estab- 
 lished one of the most extensive and lucrative practices on 
 the coast. During the four years that he was associated 
 with the firm he devoted most of his time to the probate 
 business of the firm. In 1887, when Los Angeles was expe- 
 
 ROBERT N. BULLA 
 
 riencing its great realty " boom," Mr. Bulla made some 
 judicious purchases of realty, and acquired holdings that 
 remained valuable. In 1887 he formed a law partnership 
 with Percy R. Wilson, with whom he continued in practice 
 for eleven years, only dissolving the partnership relations 
 when his various other business ventures made it imperative 
 for him to devote his entire time to them. 
 
 The cares and responsibilities of business and financial 
 affairs, however, never blinded Mr. Bulla to the political 
 welfare of his State, and in '93 and again in '95 he was 
 elected to the Assembly, during which time he was appointed 
 chairman of the Judiciary Committee. An interesting feature 
 of his election in '95 was the combination of both Democrats 
 and Populists against him, the result being a larger majority 
 in his favor than at the preceding election. 
 
 In 1897, after a nomination by acclamation, he was elected 
 
 to the State Senate, and he 
 again experienced that peculiar 
 feature of his political career 
 an immense majority. While 
 Bryan carried his Senatorial 
 district by 8co votes, Mr. Bulla 
 received a majority of iioo 
 votes. His presence was felt in 
 the Senate Chamber of the 
 State of California for the en- 
 suing four years, and his record 
 was one of pride to his con- 
 stituency. He was appointed 
 a member of the commit- 
 tee to report on the Torrens 
 Land Transfer System of Aus- 
 tralia. For two years he served 
 as a member of the Code 
 Commission, and to this work 
 Senator Bulla lent his val- 
 uable experience acquired in 
 the practice of the law and in 
 the Legislature. During the 
 session of 1899 Mr. Bulla was 
 a prominent candidate for 
 United States Senator, the bal- 
 loting resulting in no election. 
 A short session was called the 
 following summer to elect, and 
 resulted in the choice of Hon. 
 Thomas R. Bard, Mr. Bulla 
 
 and his friends contributing more than any other influence 
 to that result. 
 
 Mr. Bulla rendered the State a substantial service when he 
 introduced a bill known as the delinquent tax law. After 
 the first introduction, and having passed both Houses, it was 
 vetoed by the Governor. Again at the next session Mr. Bulla 
 renewed his labors for its enforcement and was rewarded 
 for his efforts by having it favorably passed upon by both 
 Houses and also by the Governor. The full impprt of the 
 bill can best be appreciated when it is known that California 
 is the only State in the Union that has made so wise a pro- 
 vision in regard to its delinquent tax laws. Formerly tax 
 buyers would secure titles to pieces of property when sold 
 for delinquent taxes, and had ever opportunity to take advan- 
 tage of the owners. By the enactment of this law, which 
 happily is in force today, the State buys the land and allows 
 
.MEN OP ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 141 
 
 the owners to redeem it at actual cost, and reasonable 
 penalties. 
 
 During the last few years that he was engaged in practice 
 he made something of a specialty of mining law, and was 
 brought into close touch with mining and oil men, thus afford- 
 ing him many opportunities for investment. Rut he was not 
 hasty in taking up the many propositions that were presented 
 to him, and when he did acquire an oil property it was after 
 
 Mr. Bulla has retired from the practice of law and devotes 
 his entire time to the interests of his oil companies. He has 
 erected one of the handsomest and most artistic residences in 
 the city. The accompanying engravings will show the dis- 
 tinctly Mission style of architecture which has been incorpo- 
 rated in the building. The effect is most pleasing and most 
 appropriate for this climate, being warm in winter and cool 
 in summer. The Mission style of architecture, as will be 
 
 TYPICAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HOME RESIDENCE OF ROBERT N. BULLA. 
 
 the same conservative and mature deliberation with which 
 he would consider a point at law. He organized several oil 
 companies, chief of which is the Central Oil Company of Los 
 Angeles, of which he is secretary, while Mr. W. W. Neuer is 
 president. The company owns 2200 acres of oil land in the 
 Whittier district, and has been a dividend payer and heavy 
 producer for some time. A complete article on the property 
 with appropriate illustrations of the surface improvements 
 will be found in another portion of this volume in an 
 article on the oil industry. 
 
 noticed, embodies arches and straight lines, all fanciful 
 designs being abstnt; the tout ensemble is most effective. Hi 
 has a library of some 2000 volumes at his residence, while 
 his law library is in evidence at his offices. Mr. Bulla is a 
 member of the California, Sunset, Union League and 
 Country Clubs, and also many of the various organizations 
 whose object is for bettering conditions of city and State. 
 While among the most active political workers in Los An- 
 geles, he is in no sense an office-seeker, but takes a prom- 
 inent part in promoting the interests of the-city. 
 
142 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 THOMAS HUGHES. 
 
 SINCE the days of '49 California has drawn upon the 
 brain and brawn of the older-settled Eastern States for 
 her population, with the result that she is today peopled 
 
 with the most ambitious and progressive of the young men 
 of the East men who had the courage and hardihood to 
 make the tedious sea voyage or the fortitude to stand the 
 hardships of the overland trail, and Southern California and 
 
 Los Angeles, in particular, still attract the eastern men in 
 these days of luxurious transcontinental travel when the trip 
 is made from coast to coast in less than four days. The 
 result is that there are few more cosmopolitan cities in the 
 United States than ours. While Southern California pos- 
 sesses many natural advantages and resources as exploited in 
 
 this work, the writer 
 realizes that to the busi- 
 ness men who have in- 
 vested their own means 
 and interested others in 
 the development of her 
 latent natural resources 
 belong the credit for the 
 marvelous record Los 
 Angeles has established 
 for the past two decades, 
 and it is therefore with 
 pleasure that we present 
 the accompanying brief 
 sketch of one who will 
 be recognized as fore- 
 most and pre-eminent in 
 advancing the general 
 welfare of this section of 
 the State. 
 
 A Pennsylvania!! by 
 birth, Thomas Hughes 
 made his debut upon the 
 stage of life on the old 
 Hughes homestead in 
 Green county, Pa., about 
 forty miles south of 
 smoky old Pittsburgh. 
 As a boy he early devel- 
 oped those sturdy attri- 
 butes of character which 
 have marked his career 
 through life. Self-reliant 
 and possessed of an in- 
 domitable will, Thomas 
 Hughes equipped himself 
 for life's battles by serv- 
 ing an apprenticeship in his father's planing mill on the 
 banks of the Monongahela. At the age of twenty, being an 
 ambitious youth, he determined to try his fortunes in the 
 broader fields of the West. Eighteen hundred and seventy- 
 eight found Kansas, New Mexico and the Southwest in 
 rather a crude condition. The great Santa Fe system had 
 just been built into those States and Territories and business 
 conditions were good. It was around Albuquerque, Las 
 Vegas, Clifton and other busy frontier towns of the embryo 
 State that young Hughes found employment as millwright 
 and in railroad work, for the ensuing four or five years. 
 Working for a salary, however, was never a part of Hughes' 
 
 ideas of self-reliance, and he determined to enter business for 
 himself at the first opportunity. 
 
 The year 1884 found Los Angeles the same little pueblo that 
 it had been for the preceding ten years. At that time there 
 was little evidence of the feverish activity that was so soon 
 to be witnessed here, but Thomas Hughes, with the business 
 foresight of few others, saw the possibilities presented, and 
 decided to cast his anchor in the little city of less than 15.000 
 souls. His first work was secured in a local planing mill, 
 and he held the position until two years later, when he had 
 saved enough to purchase machinery of his own and start into 
 business on his own account, in 1886, at the very commence- 
 ment of the great building boom that started at that time and 
 
 has continued, with but 
 short intermissions, since. 
 Success attended his 
 efforts from the start. 
 Each succeeding year 
 found the business ex- 
 panding and growing 
 under the active personal 
 management of Mr. 
 Hughes, until today over 
 one hundred and twenty- 
 five men find sttady em- 
 ployment in the mills of 
 the Hughes Bros. Sash 
 and Door Factory. Thr 
 manufactured product is 
 shipped to many eastern 
 points, Denver, Colo., tak- 
 ing a large portion of the 
 sash and doors manufac- 
 tured from the famous 
 sugar pine of the Sierra 
 Nevada Mountains in 
 the vicinity of Fresno 
 and Madera. 
 
 The year 1894 marks 
 the beginning of an 
 epoch in oil annals in the 
 State, for it was about 
 that year Los Angeles 
 made her debut into the 
 oil world. Born and 
 raised in the heart of the 
 great oil regions of West- 
 ern Pennsylvania, Mr. 
 Hughes while a boy be- 
 came conversant with oil 
 
 mining and the method of production, and it is not surprising 
 that we find him on the ground in the very beginning. A 
 small amount of work had been done in the vicinity of Lake 
 Shore avenue, and, in fact, but fourteen wells had been sunk 
 when Mr. Hughes was attracted to the district, while today 
 there are over 1300 wells in the city limits, and the annual 
 production in the State has increased from 783.078 barrels in 
 1894 to 25,000,000 barrels in 1903. In association with one 
 or two business acquaintances, Mr. Hughes lost no time in 
 acquiring an interest in the new fields. The first company 
 formed was the American Oil Company, and active develop- 
 ment work soon followed its organization. So successful 
 
 THOMAS HUGHES. 
 
MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 143 
 
 were the efforts made that Mr. Hughes, becoming convinced 
 of the permanency of the district, devoted more and more time 
 to the oil business, until today he has holdings in many of 
 the best fields of the State. Following the formation of 
 the American Oil Company, came the formation of a number 
 of others during the following few years, all in the same dis- 
 trict, many of which are among the most successful of the 
 field and are a large factor in swelling the total of local 
 production. 
 
 Among the most valuable of Mr. Hughes's holdings in the 
 State is the Fullerton Oil Company, which company owns 
 fiily acres in fee. in the heart of the Fullerton field. The 
 company was formed by Messrs. Hughes and Valentine, and 
 has established an enviable record as a producer, being cred- 
 ited with from $6500 to $7500 a month. 
 
 As new districts were opened in various sections of the 
 State, Mr. Hughes personally inspected the merits of each, 
 
 fornia and large fortunes will be made in the years to come, 
 but to men who invested their means in the development of 
 the industry too much credit cannot be given for the tenac- 
 ity and perseverance which, in spite of numerous obstacles, 
 won in the struggle for supremacy. Mr. Hughes is a pioneer 
 in the various fields in which he operates, and while con- 
 servative in all his investments, he is among the most active 
 and progressive oil men in the city, and State as well. He 
 has associated with him in a number of his companies some 
 of the most wealthy and influential bankers and business men 
 of this city. 
 
 The career of Thomas Hughes records a series of progres- 
 sive moves. It was his role in life's drama to rise and 
 advance ; hence, it is but in the nature of sequence that two 
 years after reaching Los Angeles, a mere lad in years, he is 
 the proprietor of a fully-equipped planing mill, and a few 
 years later he is among the most successful oil operators in 
 
 L 
 
 and, when conditions justified, invested freely in the develop- 
 ment of the industry that has placed California well to the 
 front as an oil-producing State. Possibly the most conspic- 
 uous and successful of Mr. Hughes's exploitations was the 
 opening up of the highly-productive Santa Maria district in 
 Santa Barbara county. Although one hundred miles from any 
 producing well, Mr. Hughes, in February, 1901, located the 
 giound now owned by the Western Union Oil Company, and 
 drilled well No. I of that company. Success attended his 
 efforts frcn; the start, and today the Santa Maria district is 
 one of the most important in the State. The Western Union 
 Company is owned by some of the most prominent business 
 men and financiers of this city, Mr. Hughes being one of the 
 heaviest stockholders, as well as the original locator. 
 Large fortunes have been made in the oil fields of Cali- 
 
 RESIDENCE OF THOMAS HUGHES. _ 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 the State and a power in the welfare of his adopted home. 
 
 Business and financial cares have never blinded Mr. Hughes 
 to the political welfare of his city and State. Endowed with 
 rare business acumen, and the possessor of exceptional execu- 
 tive ability, he has made his presence felt in both local and 
 State politics for a number of years, not from the standpoint 
 of an office-seeker, for Mr. Hughes has steadily declined 
 nominations, but in all his political work he has been actuated 
 by a desire to see the best results obtained, and is an ardent 
 supporter of the tenets of the Republican party. 
 
 Coming to California without capital or friends two decades 
 ago, he has demonstrated the value of energy, foresight and 
 pluck in building up a profitable business. He is in the truest 
 sense of the word a self-made man, and the many striking 
 instances Los Angeles affords boast no better example. 
 
RESIDENCE OF PIETRA L. SCHIAPPA. 
 
MEN 01- ACHinri-Ml-.NT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 145 
 
 RESIDENCE OF N. (). nAC.C.K. 
 
 RESIDENCE OK JOHN IIRCCKMAN. 
 
146 
 
 MEN OF ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 WILSON CAMPBELL PATTERSON. 
 
 FATE has played some merry pranks upon Wilson Camp- 
 bell Patterson, albeit the whimsical dame has ever 
 cherished for him a tender regard. Imagine a man 
 whose every ambition was to adopt a professional career, 
 with never a thought of commercial pursuits ; whose very 
 nature, in fact, seemed to him unfitted for such a life, being 
 actually thrust into business and succeeding at every step. 
 This will give an idea of the manner in which Fate has toyed 
 with this man. Away back in boyhood days on the old Ohio 
 farm that was his birthplace, the lad's earliest ambition was 
 to study for the; ministry. That in itself would stamp him 
 as being quite different from the average run of boys 
 
 The boyhood ;days of the lad were spent on the family 
 
 WILSON CAMPBELL PATTERSON. 
 
 homestead in Ross county, Ohio, where young Patterson 
 attended the district schools, and later to attend the Academy 
 at South Salem, Ohio, he walked the distance (three miles) 
 morning and afternoon, paying for his tuition by the wood 
 thaj he cut after school hours, and by various odd chores. 
 The boy remained upon the old farm, attending school and 
 the ; academy when he could, and working hard at all times, 
 until 1863, when he enlisted in the First Ohio Volunteer 
 Heavy Artillery as a private. He had tried to enlist the pre- 
 viojjs year, but was rejected on account of his youth and 
 because he was below the required stature. He bided his 
 time, ,and just as soon as he had added the necessary inches 
 to his height he entered the service. He was placed on 
 detached duty as clerk in division headquarters, and con- 
 tinued in that capacity until the close of the war, refusing 
 a commission as lieutenant that was offered him merely 
 because he lacked confidence in himself, and because he pre- 
 ferred the less remunerative clerkship. 
 
 After the close of the war Mr. Patterson returned to his 
 home. His funds becoming exhausted, he found it necessary 
 to accept a position as country school teacher for a term. 
 Still determined to prepare himself for college, and with that 
 end in view, he attended the Salem academy six months. In 
 1866 he accepted a position as clerk in the County Treasurer's 
 office, and the following year became deputy clerk of the 
 county court. All this time he worked with the one object 
 
 of saving money to carry him through college. At the same 
 time he was seized with an impulse to become a lawyer. 
 
 One day in 1869 Mr. Patterson met a member of a firm 
 of wholesale grocers in Chillicothe, who asked him if he 
 could keep books. His experience in the army clerical posi- 
 tion had specially fitted him for such a position, but his 
 natural modesty held him back. Finally he was persuaded 
 to accept the position of bookkeeper for the firm of Clarke & 
 Boggs, afterward M. Boggs & Co., and that proved the turn- 
 ing point in his life, for after a few years' service he realized 
 that he was destined for a mercantile career, and reluctantly 
 abandoning his hope of a college education and admittance 
 to the bar, devoted himself to his business. He remained 
 with the firm nineteen years, rising to the position of assistant 
 manager. In the meantime he had been drawn into public 
 affairs in Chillicothe, and served as a member and president 
 of the Board of Education for twelve years. Long years of 
 close attention to his manifold duties shattered his health, 
 and in January, 1888, Mr. Patterson came to Los Angeles to 
 recuperate. So beneficial did he find the climatic conditions 
 that he determined upon making this city his home, and soon 
 found an opportunity to engage in business, becoming a mem- 
 ber of the wholesale commission firm of Curtis & Patterson. 
 Later Dr. John Hancock was taken into partnership, and in 
 1890 Mr. Curtis withdrew, the firm name being changed to 
 W. C. Patterson & Co. 
 
 In 1898, although he had never owned a share of the bank's 
 stock, the directors of the Los Angeles National Bank ten- 
 dered Mr. Patterson the position of president of that time- 
 honored institution, to take the place of the late Maj. Bone- 
 brake. Devoid of experience as a banker, Mr. Patterson was 
 strongly inclined to decline the proffer. He asked for time 
 to consider the matter, and it was granted. After due delib- 
 eration and presenting the matter to his wife, he was pre- 
 vailed upon to accept the responsibility. The ability displayed 
 in the management of the bank's affiairs has been shown in 
 the increase in the bank's business, which has nearly trebled 
 
 Since his arrival in this city Mr. Patterson has been iden- 
 tified with all public movements, and few men have given so 
 generously of their time and private fortune as he. In 1890 
 he was elected a director of the Board of Trade, serving until 
 '92, when he was made president. He was made a director 
 of the Chamber of Commerce in '94, president of that body 
 in '95 and again in '96, and is still closely identified with its 
 best interests. He took an active part in the fight for the San 
 Pedro Harbor from its inception, and in February, 1896, was 
 sent to Washington with Gen. Harrison Gray Otis, W. G. 
 Kerckhoff and W. D. Woolwine to present the matter to the 
 House Committee on Rivers and Harbors. Again in April 
 of the same year he left his business and own private affairs 
 to visit the nation's capital as chairman of a similar com- 
 mittee composed of Henry T. Hazard, Judge A. M. Stephens 
 and Henry Hawgood, to present the matter before the Senate 
 Commerce Committee. To the efforts of these committees 
 and the personal efforts of Senator Stephen M. White, is 
 due much of the credit for winning the harbor fight, which 
 means so much to Los Angeles and all Southern California. 
 
 Mr. Patterson has the happy faculty of making and retain- 
 ing friends entirely aside from his business ability. His 
 nature is thoroughly sympathetic and artistic. The esteem he 
 inspires in private life finds a counterpart in the confidence 
 with which he is regarded by all who have the pleasure 'of 
 business relations with him. 
 
RESIDENCE OF W. H. ALLEN, JR. 
 
148 
 
 MEN Ol< ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 WILLIAM PRIDHAM. 
 
 WILLIAM PRIDHAM i., a native of America's 
 metropolis, having been born in New York City, 
 September I, 1832. His early education was ac- 
 quired in the public schools of his native city, and at an 
 academy at Amsterdam, N. Y., where he completed his col- 
 legiate education at the age of eighteen. Stories of the gol- 
 den days of California were then heard upon every hand, 
 and the ambitious youth, after carefully debating the matter, 
 
 WILLIAM PRIUHAM. 
 
 decided to seek his fortunes in the West. Leaving New 
 York in November of '50, he journeyed by way of the Isthmus 
 of Panama to California, arriving in San Francisco on Christ- 
 mas day of 1850. 
 
 Having arrived in 'Frisco, he became connected with the 
 wholesale firm of Pinto, Tay Co., in the capacity of clerk, 
 and held that position for two years, when the mining 
 
 excitement proved too strong to be longer resisted, and 
 quitting the employ of the firm, he made his way with his 
 little capital to the Bear River country, where for the ensuing 
 few months he was engaged in placer mining in the primitive 
 methods in vogue in those days. Not meeting with the suc- 
 cess he had anticipated, young Pridham moved to Sacramento, 
 where he entered the employ of the wholesale drug firm of 
 R. H. McDonald & Co. The duties of his new position held 
 him until 1862, when he had an opportunity to become identi- 
 fied with the Wells, Fargo Express Company, at that time 
 branching out extensively into the new mining districts of 
 Nevada. His first position was at Carson City, where he 
 remained a short time before being transferred to the lively 
 camp of Austin, in the same State. During the four years 
 that he remained in Nevada before accepting the position of 
 forwarding clerk in the San Francisco office of the company, 
 he had familiarized himself with the details of the business 
 that came under his observation, and two years after accept- 
 ing the responsibilities of forwarding clerk in the San Fran- 
 cisco office, he was sent to Los Angeles to adjust affairs 
 incidental to a change of agents in the local office 
 
 At the time of Mr. Pridham's first visit to Los Angel'. s, he 
 found little but a straggling pueblo, made up largely of 
 adobes, and all located in and around Temple street and the 
 Plaza. He had not long been a resident of the city before he 
 saw the possibilities which awaited the sleepy little town, and, 
 becoming impressed with its desirability as a business and 
 residence section, he decided to cast his fortunes with it. 
 Wells, Fargo & Co. at that time were operating on the coast 
 steamers semi-monthly and by stage to San Francisco, the 
 latter occupying three days and three nights. Stages also ran 
 to San Bernardino, San Diego and Kcrnville, now known as 
 Bakcrsfield. He relates many amusing anecdotes of early 
 days in the community, and has a fund of reminiscences which 
 prove most interesting. 
 
 After having been identified with the company for a period 
 of nearly a half century, he still is among their most active 
 superintendents. His experience has covered the greater part 
 of the State of California and has encompassed every detail 
 of the great business. He is an active citizen, and one ever 
 alive to the best interests of the community. 
 
 A PRACTICAL MINING MAN. 
 
 It is said that geniuses are born, not mad; ; mine superin- 
 tendents are made. There is no natal gift directing the 
 current of their careers, unless industry and ambition may 
 be counted their heritage. To become a competent mining 
 superintendent requires years of experience in practical min- 
 ing. Mine superintendents are not created on the instant. 
 Almost without exception superintendents who have won 
 sufficient prominence to secure charge cf an important prop- 
 erty have risen from the station of the ordinary miner. The 
 subject of this sketch is no exception to the rule, and his 
 experiences recount in a way those of most other miners. 
 
 Charles A. Stephens's mining career began in 79 in the 
 Black Hills, where he commenced work at 15 years of age, 
 on the celebrated Homestake mine. From there he went to 
 New Mexico, where for three years he was mill foreman for 
 the Chita Gold Mining Company, whose mines are sixty miles 
 
 from Albuquerque. After his ten years' experience in the 
 Homestake mines, during which time he had held every 
 position from common " mucker " to that of shift boss and 
 foreman of the mill, he was certainly capable of assuming 
 the duties undertaken at the Chita. 
 
 His introduction to the Gold Roads mine came at a time 
 when the shaft was down but 140 feet and the property prac- 
 tically a prospect. He remained in charge of the property 
 until after the extensive improvements contemplated had 
 been made, and thoroughly opened the Gold Roads up. Like 
 most practical mining men of the Southwest, Mr. Stephens 
 has devoted considerable time to prospecting, during which 
 expeditions he has covered a large portion of the mining 
 regions of the Western States, and thereby gained a fund 
 of information that places him among the best-informed 
 mining men of the Southwest. 
 
MEN Ol' ACHIEVEMENT IN THE GREAT SOUTHWEST. 
 
 149 
 
 WILLIAM H. WORKMAN. 
 
 W 
 
 made on 
 tions of 
 
 Until he- 
 attended 
 taking a 
 
 II.L1AM II. WORKMAN was born in Booneville, 
 Missouri, in i8.?Q. He was the son of pioneers in 
 tin- Missouri country, and the Indian raids frequently 
 the brave settlers of that State form vivid recollec- 
 Mr. Workman's review of those boyhood years, 
 was fifteen years old he lived in Boonville and 
 the public schools there as opportunity offered, later 
 course at F. G. Kemper's Collegiate Institute. 
 
 WILLIAM H. WORKMAN. 
 
 In the year 1854, with his parents, young Workman came 
 to California. Coming to Los Angeles, Mr. Workman 
 and his brother, Elijah H. Workman, established a harness 
 and saddlery business, which they conducted with success for 
 
 over twenty years. In the early years of his residence htre 
 Mr. Workman acquired extensive realty holdings on the 
 beautiful highlands east of the Los Angeles River. Here 
 Andrew Boyle, father-in-law of Mr. Workman, was the first 
 white settler, and his old brick house, built in 1858, stands 
 today one of the historical landmarks of Boyle avenue 
 
 Mr. Workman, after retiring from the saddlery business, 
 devoted his energies to the development of Boyle Heights. 
 He was one of the projectors of the first street railway into 
 that territory. It was also through his efforts that the Cum- 
 mings-strect car line was built. Not content with these lines 
 of transportation, Mr. Workman carried on negotiations with 
 the Hook brothers, and eventually succeeded in inducing 
 them to build on Fourth street through Boyle Heights, giving 
 them a bonus of $20,000. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF FREDERICK RINDGE. 
 
 RESIDENCE OF W. f. BOTSFCRD. 
 
 Mr. Workman has made many generous gifts to the various 
 churches and charitable enterprises. He donated to the 
 Methodists, Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Catholics and Bap- 
 tists lots for their church edifices. In connection with Mrs. 
 Elizabeth Hollenbeck he donated to the city Hollenbeck Park. 
 
 During the years of 1887 and 1888 he ably served the city 
 as its Mayor. He has held many other positions of trust and 
 honor, and twice has he been elected by large majorities to the 
 office of City Treasurer 
 
 Mr. Workman is an active member and was president 
 three terms of the Los Angeles County Pioneers' Association, 
 and takes deep interest in the preservation of early historical 
 data. He is a member of the Los Angeles Chamber of Com- 
 merce, and has always maintained a prominent place in the 
 advancement of the larger interests of the city. 
 
 Politically he has affiliated with the Democratic party, but 
 in his official career he has received the support and indorse- 
 ment of members of both political parties ; and by his election 
 to the important office which he now holds he has received an 
 indorsement such as would be gratifying to any one. 
 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT. 
 
 The author of the historical portion of this work acknowl- 
 edges his indebtedness to J. M. Guinn of L,os Angeles, 
 whose careful researches into original sources make him 
 facile princeps among historical authorities in Southern 
 California.