7 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 His Grace JAMES late DUKE of ORMOND :#c. 'Vc\ 
 Died Novr 5 * i-V-i's Aged 83. }
 
 THE 
 
 LIFE 
 
 O F 
 
 y ^ ME 
 
 LATE 
 
 DUKE of ORMONDE. 
 
 CONTAINING, 
 
 I. An Historical and Genealogical Account of 
 His GRACE'S Family. 
 
 II. An Impartial View of His Conduct in his 
 Civil and Military Employments, with the 
 Hiftory of His Time, and an Inquiry into 
 the Principles and Meafures of thole Parties, 
 which he either fupported or oppofed. 
 
 III. A Succinct Account of the moft remarka- 
 ble Events that happen'd to Him during up- 
 wards of Thirty Years Exile j from Authen- 
 tic Materials. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for M. COOPER, at the Globe ; 
 Paferno/ter-Rcw. MDCCXLVII.
 
 T O T H E 
 
 READER. 
 
 T ts impojfible to form a true 'Judg- 
 ment of 'great Men , but by laving 
 Recourfe to the Hi ft cry of theTimes 
 in 'which they fourijl' d- y and a- 
 mong thefe we ought to be very 
 careful to make Choice of fuch Authors as are 
 the leafl prejudiced by the Spirit of Party, and 
 are bejl fupported in the Faffs they advance by 
 public Records. It is abfolutely necfjjary, to dif- 
 cover the true Character cf a great Statefmcn, or 
 Captain jhat wejhculd examine in what Light he 
 appeared to his Sovereign, and ivbaf 'were the 
 Sentiments of his Fellow Subjects in general \and 
 in particular cf fuch as were under his imme- 
 diate Government, Command, or Direction, 
 'with Relation to his Conduct. As I ejleem thefe 
 the mcft infallible Guides to Truth, to prevent 
 my Readers the Trouble of turning over a Num- 
 A 2 bur 
 
 7381G3
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 her of Books, I have inferted fucb public Ac~ 
 counts and Teftimonies as bear any Relation to 
 the great Man, whofe Life I have endeavoured 
 to compile, with that Impartiality, which the 
 Public expels from an Hiftorian, but which is 
 rarely found in a Biographer ; as fuch feem 
 more concerned to reprefent their Heroe rather 
 what he ought to have been, than what he really 
 was. They draw fne Copies for Imitation, I 
 admit ; but I fear few, if any, have fuch a 
 Command over their Pajjions, as to rife to a 
 Perfection equal to his Hiftorian' s Character. 
 
 I acknowledge I have a great Veneration for 
 the Memory of the late Duke of Ormonde, whom 
 1 have feen the Darling of the Englifh; and 
 'twas nothing wonderful that he won the Hearts 
 of a generous and brave People, Jince his Ene- 
 mies (abstracted from political and fordid Views, 
 of Self-intereft, he had none) are obliged to ac- 
 knowledge him, as a Man, humane and bene- 
 volent, for I may fay, with the Spaniards, * 
 No tenia boca para dezir de no ; which tho 
 deenfd a Fault, it was fuch a one as was of Pre- 
 judice to himfelf alone. As a Nobleman, his 
 Magnificence did Honour ?jot only to the eminent 
 Rank in which he was born, but to his Prince 
 and Country, both at Home and Abroad. As a 
 Captain, he gave Proofs of a Courage capable of 
 animating his Followers, and in the greateft 
 Dangers had a Prefence of Mind to improve 
 
 every 
 
 * H cou'd refufe No-bod/.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 every Advantage, which either the negleEt, o~ 
 ver /ight, or Want cf military Experience of bis 
 Country s Enemies afforded him. "Tis true bis 
 Grace had not fo many Opportunities allowed 
 him toferve his Prince and Country, as another 
 great Man was happy in-, but thofe he had, fuf- 
 ficiently evinced, tlat, whether in Point of per- 
 fonal Bravery, or of deliberate Prudence, he 
 was upon a Level, to fay no more, with the 
 weft celebrated Heroes. As a Subject, he paid 
 a dutiful Obedience to the Commands of his So- 
 vereign-, and, if this was not his Crime, I defy 
 even thofe, to whom a Ncbleman of fuch difnte- 
 rejled Virtue was a Reproach, to lay any other 
 at his Door. As an Englishman, he certainly 
 had the Glory andlntere/i of the Britifh Empire 
 at Heart, as I think his Letters prove to Demon- 
 jlration, when his Obedience to the Commands of 
 his Sovereign, and the Hopes of feeing his Coun- 
 try, by an honourable Peace, deliver 'd from a 
 dejlruftive War, Jhe was no longer able to carry 
 on, deprived him of the Glory cf a Triumph ; 
 a Sacrifice ! which ought to render his Memory 
 dear to all who prefer the public Welfare to pe- 
 culiar Inter ejls, lie was no Stranger to tie Ad- 
 vantages he had of the Enemy, and might morally 
 have reckoned on a certain Victory : But then, 
 on the other Hand, he well knew the ruinous 
 Conferences of protracting a War, of which 
 the greatejl Burthen was thrown upon his Coun- 
 try, while it enrich' d our Allies : Not to men- 
 tion tbat % to improve thefe Advantages which 
 
 hi*
 
 vi PREFACE. 
 
 Ins own and the Enemy's Situation afforded him, 
 be mitft have proceeded diametrically contrary to 
 the exp>~ejs Injunction of his Royal Miftrefs. 
 
 Tho* I have admitted that 1 have a very high 
 Regard for the Memory of the late generous, 
 benevolent Duke of Ormonde, lubofeem'd born 
 for the Good cf others, yet 1 have barely related 
 Matters of F aft as I have found them recorded, 
 or had them related, by Men cf Credit, and 
 kave no where giveh my own Sentiments upon 
 them, cr endeavour' d to byafs iny Reader ; a 
 Method 1 condemn in oth-rs. B'fdes, a,ter a 
 British Parliament has homur'a his Grace 'With 
 their Approbation of, and a Britifli Sovereign 
 has fl:eicn c.n entire Satisfaction in, hisConduff, 
 it would have been the bigbeft Prefutr-ption in 
 me to imagine his Character could Jland in need 
 cf other Vindication. 
 
 Adieu. 
 
 T H
 
 THE 
 
 LIFE 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 HEN it happens that they whofe 
 Lives have excited the Curiofity 
 of the Public, are eminent for 
 their Birth, as well as their perfo- 
 nal Qualities, it is proper to em- 
 bellifh their Hiftory with fome Account of 
 their Defcent; fince in all Ages, and in aimoft 
 every Nation, it has been eonfidered as an Ho- 
 nour to be derived from thofe who have de- 
 ferved well of Mankind, and becaufe it feems 
 to be one of the Prerogatives of fuperior Re- 
 putation to diffufe itfelf to all thofe who can 
 boaft of its Alliance, and that Family has a 
 Right to preferve its whole Line 'from Oblivi- 
 on, which has produced one Man worthy of a 
 Hiftory. 
 
 B There
 
 2 The LIFE of the 
 
 There is likewife a more cogent and obvi- 
 ous Reafon for deducing the Lineage of illuf- 
 trious Men. Without fome Knowledge of their 
 Extraction, it is impoffible to make a true Judg- 
 ment of their Merits and Abilities, fince it 
 cannot be known how much of the Power 
 which they have exerted, they received from 
 their Anceftors, and how much they have ac- 
 quired by their perfonal Excellence; how much 
 they were influenced by the Conduct of their 
 Progenitors, or how far they acted from Prin- 
 ciples eftablifhed by Reflection j what were 
 their real Merits and what their accidental Ad- 
 vantages. 
 
 It is however by no Means neceflary in de- 
 ducing the Genealogy of the Houfe of Or- 
 mcnde to afcend into the Darknefs of re- 
 mote and forgotten Antiquity, in which thernoft 
 fagacious and diligent Heads and Hiftorians 
 have found themfelves inextricably entangled, 
 and into which they have fearched with no 
 better Effect than to difcern and confefs their 
 own Ignorance. It is fufficient for the Honour 
 of the Houfe of Ormonde, that its Original is 
 too antient to be traced, and that its firfl Def- 
 cents, even after it became confiderable for its 
 Poffeffions, Power, and Alliances, cannot be 
 afcertained. 
 
 There are yet fome Facts and Occurrences,, 
 even of confiderable Antiquity, relating to this 
 great Family, which being known and proved 
 by indifputable Evidence, ought to be menti- 
 oned, as they will {hew that this Houfe had 
 
 arrived
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 3 
 
 arrived at the Height of Grandeur, at a Time 
 when great Part of the Families, which now 
 flourifh in Power and Affluence, had not yet 
 rifen from the common People. 
 
 Theobald Walter, having in the Year 1 1 70, 
 attended King Henry into France, when the 
 Controverfy relating to Thomas Becket was ad- 
 jufted, followed him next Year into Ireland 
 where Roderick King of Connaught, with ma- 
 ny petty Princes, yielded up their Sovereignty. 
 Here the Services of Theobald were fo confi- 
 derable, at leaft fo well accepted, that Henry 
 gave him fuch an Extent of Lands in his new 
 Kingdom as determined him to refide there, 
 tho' it is certain that his Eftate in England 
 was at that time very large. It is not unlikely 
 indeed that perfonal Refidence was the Condi- 
 tion on which thofe Lands were granted to 
 him, for it was of the higheft Importance, 
 that in a Country newly yielded, and of 
 which the Inhabitants having no certain Pof- 
 feffions or fixed Manner of Life, could fup- 
 port themfelves more agreeably by Rapine 
 than by Labour, and depending by their Form 
 of Government upon the Heads of their Septs, 
 or Families, were eafily made the Inftruments 
 of Revenge and of Ambition, there mould be 
 always at Hand fome Men of powerful Influ- 
 ence and unfhaken Loyalty to reprefs the firft 
 Efforts of Infurreclion, to compofe Diffe- 
 rences, before the Appeal was made to the 
 Sword, and to redrefs real or imaginary 
 Wrongs before Difcontents were heighten'd 
 B 2 into
 
 4 The LIFE of the 
 
 into Sedition. If therefore the King having 
 experienced his Ability, Diligence and Ho- 
 nour, thought him the fitteft to be placed in 
 a Poft of fo much Difficulty, a higher Enco- 
 mium could not eafily be given him; nor 
 was it improper to enrich him with very large 
 Poffeflions, that he might be confidered by 
 the Inhabitants as formidable for his Povver> 
 and that holding fo large a Part of his For- 
 tune, by the Right of the new Conqueft, he 
 might have fome Intereft with his Matter. 
 
 To thefe Lands the King, perhaps as a 
 farther Inducement to Refidence and Appli- 
 cation, added, about fix Years afterwards, as 
 it feems moft probable, the Office of chief 
 Butler of Ireland, which, like the Eftate, was 
 made hereditary. To this Office was an- 
 nexed foon after, a Grant of the Prifage of 
 Wines ; by which he and his Defcendants 
 were intituled to one Tun of Wine out of 
 nine brought, by any Ship, Into the Ports of 
 Ireland. This Grant was, in fucceeding Reigns, 
 frequently renewed, as was the Cuftom of 
 thofe Times in which Charters were often 
 revoked, and Privileges over-ruled, and has 
 been to the prefent Age enjoyed by the Houfe 
 .of Ormonde. 
 
 What had been the antient Sirname of this 
 Family is much difputed ; but from this Time, 
 or foon after, it is well-known that they took 
 the Name of their Office, and were called 
 Boteler y Botilkr, k Botilkr, or Butler, often 
 bearing, the chief Offices in the Kingdom 
 
 of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 5 
 
 of Ireland, and diftinguifhing themfelves by 
 their Activity and Loyalty. 
 
 It is not certain that they had any other 
 hereditary Honour, than that of this great 
 Office, till the Reign of Edward the Second, 
 though it is not likely that fuch Extent of 
 Lands was without the Dignity of a Barony, 
 but as they continued their Zeal for the King's 
 Service, Edward, on Sept. i, 1315, created 
 Edmond le Botiller, (a) Earl of Carrik, as a 
 B 3 Recom- 
 
 " (a) Rex Archiepifeopis, Epifcopis, Abbatibus, Pri- 
 " oribus, Comitibus, Baronibus, Jufticiariis, Vicecomiti- 
 ** bus, Praepofitis, Miniftris, & omnibus Ballivis & fideli- 
 ** bus fuis falutem. Sciatis ncs pro bono & laudihili 
 " fcrvitio quod dile&us & fidelis nofter Edmttndus le Bo- 
 *' tiller de Hibernia nobis hadtenus impendit & impindet 
 * c in futurum dedifTc conceHiiTe & hac carta noftra con- 
 *' firmafle eidem Edmundo manerium dc Karryke 
 " Mackgriffin cum pertinent' & caftrum & manerium 
 " dc Roskre cum pertinent' in Hibernia Habend' & te- 
 *' nend' eidcm Edmundo & heredibus fuis cum feodis 
 *' militum advocationibus Ecclefiarum, & omnibus aliis 
 * ad praedi6la caftrum & maneria pertinentibus videli- 
 " cit, prtediffttm^ manerium de Karryke cum pertinentiis 
 *' fub nomine & honore Cotnitis de Karrike de nobis 5c 
 ** hered' noftris per fervitium duorum feodorum, mili- 
 *' turn in perpetuum. Quare volumus & firmiter prae- 
 c ' cipimus pro nobis & hered' nollris quod przedidus 
 " Edmundus habeat & teneat praedidta caftrum & ma- 
 " neria cum pcrtinen' fibi & heredibus fuis cum feodis. 
 " Militum, advocantionibus ecclefiarum, & omnibus aliis 
 " ad pra > di<5la caftrum, & maneria pertinentibus, vidcli- 
 " cet, prrediiStum manerium de Karryke cum pertiuen' 
 * 4 fub nomine & honore Com; 't is da Karryke ^ de nobis Sc 
 ** hered' noftris per fervitium duorum teodorum mi!i-, 
 ** turn in prepetuum, ficut pt.tdic"t' eft. His ttftibus 
 <c venerabiiibu^ patribus W. Archiepifcopo Cantuar. to- 
 ' tiua Anglice Prinoate, & J.Norwicen' Epifcopo, The-
 
 6 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 Recompence which his Services, in the pre- 
 ceding Year, might be fuppofed to have de- 
 ferved ; for, being Guardian and Governor of 
 the Kingdom of Ireland^ he vigoroufly op- 
 pofed an Invafion from Scotland-. And though 
 the Animofities between the great Irijh Fami- 
 lies, the frequent Confequence of the patriar- 
 chal Government, hindered him from deftroy- 
 ing the Enemy, his own Army being in per- 
 petual Diforder and Confufion, and, at laft, 
 being no longer to be kept united, yet he 
 found Means of harraffing thofe whom he 
 could not conquer, and for many Years con- 
 tributed to preferve Ireland to the Englijh, till 
 at laft the Commotions were entirely reprefTed. 
 He was fucceeded by his Son James le Bo- 
 ti/ter, who marrying the Coufm-Germain of 
 Edward III. was, in 1322, made Earl of Or- 
 mond, and, in 1328, obtained all the Rights of 
 a Palatine, in the County of Tipper -ary\ a Pri- 
 vilege which in the Fluctuation of thefe varia- 
 ble Times was foon afterwards taken away, 
 and in the fame Reign again conferred upon 
 him. Such was the Condition of the greateft 
 
 and 
 
 " ma Comite Lancaftr', Johanne de Britannia Comite 
 Richmund, Humfrido de Bohun Comite Hereford & 
 EfTex, Roberto filio Walter? , Johanne de Crumwell 
 Senefcallo hofpitii noftri & aliis. Dat' per manum 
 noftram apud Lincoln primo die Septembris per ip- 
 fum Regum. Et mandatum eft Ricardo de Eereford 
 Cancellar' Regis Hibern' quod eidem Edmundo Sei- 
 fina de Caftr' & maneriis praedift' per literas fubfigillo 
 Regis Hiberniae fadl' tenend' juxta tenorcm carta 
 praedicl' ut fupra.
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 7 
 
 and the higheft Subjects in thofe Ages, when 
 the King governed by his own Will, or by 
 the Will, as it often happened, of his Mi- 
 nifters j nothing was certain ; for the Grants 
 which were made in a Profufion of Kindnefs 
 were, upon the firft Change of Inclination, or 
 Alteration of Meafures, fuddenly annulled, 
 and thofe who trampled upon the common 
 People, and who were gazed at as Sovereigns 
 in their own Diftridt, were themfelves in a 
 State of anxious Uncertainty, nor could war- 
 rant to themfelves their own PofTeflions for a 
 Day. 
 
 This Charter being one of the higheft Proofs 
 of royal Favour, the Privileges conferred by it 
 having been for many Centuries enjoyed by 
 the Family, and being neceflary to be men- 
 tioned in the Life of the late Duke, it is not 
 improper to infert it, (b) fmce it may like- 
 wife be ufeful as a Specimen of the Charters 
 of the Age in which it was made. 
 
 This Grant by which, in the Excefs of 
 B 4 royal 
 
 " (b} Edwardus Rex, &c. omnibus ad quos, &c. 
 14 falutem. Sciatis quod pro bono fervitio quod Jacobus 
 *' le Botlller de Hibernia, quern in Comitemde Ormounde 
 " in Hibernia praefecimu^ Edwardo nuper Regi An- 
 " gliae patri noftro & nobis impendit & ut ipfe ftatum 
 &honorumComitis decentius valiat continere, dedimus 
 & conceffimus eidem Comiti ad totam vitam fuam Rega- 
 litatera & alias libertates, cum feodis miiitum & om- 
 nibus aliis rebus quxcunque fuerunt quag habuimus 
 in comitatu de Typerary in Hibernia (quatuor placitis, 
 videlicet incendio, raptu,foreftall' y Tbcjauro invento, ac 
 " etiam proficuo de Craw in dido Comitatu cum om- 
 nibus
 
 8 The LIFE of the 
 
 royal Benignity, fuch Exuberance of Honour 
 and Power are reftored, was originally intend- 
 ed only as a perfonal Favour to the firft Earl 
 of Orfflond, but was afterwards enlarged by the 
 fame King, who made the Palatinate of 7//- 
 pcrary an hereditary PoiTeffion. 
 
 James, the firft Earl of Ormond, was fuc- 
 ceedcd by his Son, who, on Account of his 
 royal Extraction, was called the noble Earl, 
 and whofe Modefty procured him, in that 
 Country, where accidental Appellations were 
 then much in ufe, the more valuable Diftinc- 
 tion of James the Cbafle. He obtained, like 
 his Ancestors, many Teftimonies of the Favour 
 of his Prince, in Grants which were again 
 refumed, but which were generally exchang- 
 ed for others. In 1359, he was made Lord 
 Juftice of Ireland, with a Salary of five hun- 
 dred Pounds a Year, the Allowance given at 
 that Time to the chief Governor of a King- 
 dom. Soon after he performed confiderable 
 Services under Lyonel the King's Son, on 
 whom the Lieutenancy of Ireland was con- 
 ferred, he was afterwards made again Lord 
 Juftice, and was continued for feveral Years 
 in that Office ; being thought the moft pro- 
 per Perfon to keep the Kingdom in Safety 
 againft the Attempts both of the French and 
 Sects, 
 
 * s nibus ad ea Spe&antibus, quae erga ros & heredes 
 *' noftros volumus remanere, duntaxat exceptis) In cu- 
 ** jus rei teftimonium has literas noftras fieri fecimus 
 ** patentes. Tefte me ipfo apud Walyngford nono die 
 ** Noyeqibris anno regni noftro fecundo'-^ ,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 9 
 
 'James the Third was, by Richard II. in 
 1392, made Lord Juftice of Ireland^ and 
 kept the P^ebels in awe, tho' not in abfb- 
 lute Subjection till the King himfelf arrived 
 with a powerful Army, and obtained the 'Re- 
 cognition and Profeffions of Obedience of all 
 the irifb Chiefs, which were regarded no 
 longer than the Force, by which they were 
 exadtcd, remained among them; for upon the 
 King's Departure they rofe again in Arms, and 
 the Earl of Ormonde's Activity and Courage 
 were again required to fupprefs them, which 
 he undertook with fo much Succefs, that he 
 reduced the powerful Clan of the Byrnes to 
 become his Feudatories or Liegemen. 
 
 He died in the Office of Lord Juftice, and 
 left his Eftate, with the Addition of the Cattle 
 of Gowran^ which he built, and of Kilkenny , 
 and the Manors adjacent, which he purchafed, 
 to his Son James the fourth, who in that Age, 
 when the Nobility was generally, to the laft 
 Degree, ignorant, was very eminent for his 
 Learning, which procured him fuch Regard, 
 that, before he arrived at Age to take PofTef- 
 ilon of his Eftate, he was, in the Abfence of 
 the Lord Lieutenant left Lord Deputy of the 
 Kingdom, and in that Poft prefided in the 
 Parliament. 
 
 Some Years afterwards he was, by Hen- 
 ry V. conftituted Lord Lieutenant, defeat- 
 ed the rebellious Irijh in feveral remarka- 
 ble Skirmifhes, arid was fo much regarded 
 Jjy the Crown, that he was not only made 
 
 Lord
 
 io 23* LIFE of the 
 
 Lord Lieutenant a fecond and third Time, by 
 Henry VI. but obtained a very uncommon In- 
 ftance of Efteem and Favour, on an Occafion 
 which is too remarkable not to be mentioned 
 even in this contracted Account of his Fami- 
 ly. There was a continued and furious En- 
 mity between the Families of Ormonde and 
 Shrew/bury, and T^albot^ Earl of Shrew/bury, 
 being made in 1446, Lord Lieutenant, in 
 Confequence of this inveterate Feud, accufed 
 yames of Treafon, but the King knowing the 
 Conduct of the Earl of Ormonde^ and having 
 Reafon to fufpect, that private and perfonal 
 Animofity was the fole Motive of the Charge, 
 ordered the Accufation to be difmifled with- 
 out a Trial : But John T'albot^ Archbifhop of 
 Dublin, being, by his Brother, left Deputy in 
 his Abfence, endeavoured to revive it, and 
 procured the Prior of Kilmainham to prefent 
 it again at Court. The Earl of Ormmde 
 followed his Profecutor, and carried with him, 
 in order to his Juftification, Teftimonials of 
 his Conduct from many of the temporal Peers, 
 and notwithftanding the great ecclefiaflical 
 Authority of his Enemy, from fome of the 
 Bimops, and according to the Juftice of thofe 
 Military Times, a Combat, in Smithfield, was 
 appointed between him and his Accufer j but 
 the King have once more coniidered the Tefti- 
 monies on both Sides, found Ormonde's Inno- 
 cence too apparent to be expofed to a Com- 
 bat ; and, therefore, ordered a Writ, iigned 
 by the Archbifhop, to be proclaimed over the 
 
 whole
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. n 
 
 whole Kingdom, in which it was declared, 
 that the Earl of Ormonde had ferved his King 
 with great Fidelity; that his Accufers were 
 Men of no Credit, whofe Teftimony ought 
 not to be in any Cafe received, and that none 
 fhould, on Pain of the royal Indignation, af- 
 perfe his Character, or revive the Accufation. 
 The Earl after this lived fome Time without 
 farther Difturbance, and was fucceeded by his 
 Son. 
 
 James the fifth was a very martial and ac- 
 tive Man, and diftinguifhed himfelf fo-much, 
 that he was made Earl of Wiltshire > but mar- 
 rying a Sifter of the Duke of Somerfet y he en- 
 gaged on the Side of the Houfe of Lancajler^ 
 and commanded one Wing at the Battle of 
 Wakefield, and was afterwards taken Prifoner 
 at 'Towfon, and beheaded at Newcaftle. 
 
 He left behind him no legitimate IfTue, and 
 therefore, his Brother, Sir John de Ormonde^ 
 was the next Heir ; He was likewife in the 
 Fight of To-wton, and was included in the Aft 
 by which the Rebels were attainted, but was 
 by Edward IV. reilored both to Blood and to 
 his Eftate, and fo much favoured by him, that 
 he was fent Ambaflador to many Courts ; but, 
 at length, making a Journey of Devotion to 
 jferu/a/em, he died in the Holy Land. 
 
 Thomas, his Brother, had the next lineal 
 Right, but he, likewife, had been involved 
 in the Attainder, under the Appellation of 
 Thomas Ormonde alias Botiller, Knight, and 
 having, at that Time, never been knighted, 
 
 he
 
 12 The LIFE of the 
 
 he pleaded, that the Attainder had been un- 
 juftly executed againft him; and, that the 
 Sentence againft Thomas Ormonde, Knt. could 
 not affeft the PofTeflions of Thomas. Ormonde y 
 Efq. This Plea was admitted by the Judges, 
 and having thus fecured his own Fortune, he 
 afterwards petitioned Henry VII. that the At- 
 tainder of his Brother might be reverfed by 
 Acl; of Parliament, and that he might enter 
 upon their Honours and Eftates, and having 
 obtained his Requeft, took Poffeffion of all 
 his Brother's Eftates in England. He found 
 in the Houfe in Blackfriars, in London, more 
 than forty thoufand Pounds in Money, befides 
 other valuable Things, and carried all his 
 Treafure with him into Ireland, tho' he paf- 
 fed moft of his Time in England, where he 
 fat in Parliament as Baron of Rochford. 
 
 This Earl, having no Male Iflue, fuppref- 
 fed, as it is faid, the Deeds by which the Earls 
 of Ormonde, his Predeceffors, had entailed 
 their Lands upon their Heirs Male, and di- 
 vided his Englijh Eftate between his two 
 Daughters, to each of which he left thirty- fix 
 Manors. One of them was married to Sir 
 John Saint/eger, and the other to Sir William 
 Bullen, whole Son was Sir Thomas Eullen, the 
 Father of ^nna Eullen, and Grandfather of 
 Queen Elizabeth. 
 
 The Irifh Eftate being entailed on the 
 Heirs Male, and the Title of Ormond, de- 
 fcending to the Heirs general, fell to Piers 
 Bofe'er, a Defendant from Sir Richard Bo- 
 tiller,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE.* 13 
 
 tiller , fecond Son of James the fourth Earl of 
 Ormond, who had not enjoyed his Lands with- 
 out Moleftation from the Daughters of Earl 
 Thomas, had not the King firft obtained Pof- 
 feffion of them by a Forfeiture, and then fecu-* 
 red him in the Poffeffion by a new Grant j 
 fo that any Suit muft have been commenced, 
 not againffc the Earl's original Title but againft 
 that of the King, by which they were grant- 
 ed, an Attack, which in thofe unhappy 
 Times, the moft powerful Subject durft not 
 hazard. Thus the Favour of the King might 
 be fometimes fufficient to afford a Protection 
 againfl the Law, but how much more hap- 
 py are thefe Times, in which the Security of 
 the Law can give Protection againft the Ty- 
 ranny of the King. 
 
 What the King can grant by unlimited Au- 
 thority, he can, by the fame Authority, take 
 away, and therefore Sir Thomas Bullen, being 
 defirous of the Title of Ormotid, to which he 
 probably imagined that he inherited a juft 
 Claim by his Mother, prevailed upon the King 
 to propofe to the Earl of Ormond the Refig- 
 nation of his Title. To prcpofe and to com- 
 mand, to command and to compel, were 
 Words of nearly the lame Import with Henry 
 VIII. and, therefore Sir Piers Eotiller coming 
 to Court, resigned his Title with great Readi- 
 nefs at the King's Defire, being made Earl 
 oiOffory, that his Honour might furlerno Di- 
 minution, and the Title of Ormonde was con- 
 ferred upon Sir Themas .Bullen, who lived xiot 
 
 long
 
 14 7Z* LIFE of the 
 
 long after his new Acquifition, and upon his 
 Death, the Title, which he had been fo feli- 
 citous to obtain, was reftored, by the King, to 
 Piers Butler , to whom it belonged, and from 
 whom therefore he would not detain it, 
 tho' he had procured it for his Favourite. 
 Piers fold his ihort Sufpenfion of his heredi- 
 tary Title upon very advantageous Terms, hav- 
 ing obtained a Confirmation of his Claim to 
 his ancient Eftate, with the Addition of feveral 
 other Manours and Houfes. 
 
 The Act of Parliament by which the Bo- 
 tillers were reftored to the Title of Ormond, 
 feems to fuppofe fome Doubt of his original 
 Right, and that Doubt was probably one Caufe 
 for which Sir 'Thomas Bullen, thought it reafon- 
 able to make fo unufual a Requeft. For the 
 fame Caufe, the Butlers, when reftored, might 
 defire the Solemnity of a Parliamentary Decla- 
 ration of his Right, that it might neither in 
 him, nor in his Poflerity, be afterwards called 
 in Queftion. This Ad:, therefore, as Part of 
 the peculiar Honours of this Houfe, may be 
 with Propriety inferted in their Hiftory. 
 
 " Statut' ordinat' & act' in quodam Par- 
 " liamento apud Dublin, 6 Nov. 35. H. VIII. 
 " coram dilecto & fideli fuo Anthonio Sen- 
 " teliger milit' un' generoforum private ca- 
 " merag difti Domini Regis dcputat' ejufdem 
 " Domini Regis regni fui Hiberniae tent' 
 " edit' & continet' in hac verba, videlicet, 
 " Where fethins the 9th Year of the Reign 
 
 " of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 15 
 
 " of the noble Prince, of famous Memory, 
 
 " King Edward III. unto the 6th Year of 
 
 " the Reign of our moft dread Sovereign Lord 
 
 " King Henry VIII. James, James, James, 
 
 " James, James, John and 'Thomas Butler y 
 
 " Erles of Ormond, have had and enjoyed the 
 
 " one aftre the other the Name, Honour, De- 
 
 " gree, Stile, Title and Dignity of Erie of 
 
 " Ormond, within this Realm, with a yearly 
 
 " Annuitie of ten Pounds Infh, in, ofj and 
 
 " upon the Fee-Ferms of the Citie of Water - 
 
 " forde, within the fame Realme, for the bet- 
 
 " ter Maintenance of the faid Name of Erie 
 
 " of Ormond, and from the Deth of the faid 
 
 " Thomas, which died the faid 6th Yere of 
 
 * f the Regne of our faid Sovereign Lord, K. 
 
 " H. VIII. unto the ipth Yere of his Grace's 
 
 " Regne, for that the faid Thomas, late Erie 
 
 " of Ormond died without YfTue Male of his 
 
 <c Body, Peter Butler, Knight, as Coufm and 
 
 " next Heire male to the faid Thomas, that is 
 
 " to fay. Son to James, Son to Edmond, Son 
 
 " to Richard, Brother to James, Father to 
 
 " the faid Thomas, late Erie of Ormond, as weM 
 
 " by our faid Sovereign Lord the King, that 
 
 " now is, his Grace's fondrie Letters Patents, 
 
 " and many his Letters Miffives, and other- 
 
 ;< wife, and alfo by all others hath ben 
 
 " named, reputed, accepted and taken Erk of 
 
 ;t Ormond, and had an Yerelie Perceive^! 
 
 11 during the faid Time, the faid Annuitie of 
 
 " ten Pounds Jrijke of the Fee-Ferine of the 
 
 " Citie of /Ftffrr/Waforeiaid. As other the 
 
 " Erles
 
 16 The LIFE of tie 
 
 " Erles aforenamed of Ormond had for the 
 " better Maintenance of theire faid Name of 
 <e Honour. And aftre again, our faid mofl: 
 <e draide Sovereign Lord, by his Letters Pa- 
 " tents, the 29th Yere of his Reigne, made 
 " to -the faid Peter ^ did name the faid Peter 
 " Erie of Ormond, fethins which Tyme the 
 <c faid Peter, till his Deth, and James his 
 " Son and Heire aftre unto this prefent, hath, 
 <e by our faid Sovereign Lord, and all others, 
 " bene named, called, accepted and taken 
 " Erie of Ormond aforefaid ; in Confideration 
 ts whereof and of, and for the right faithful 
 " and laudable Service which the faid Peter 
 " and James his Son and Heire ever have done 
 " the King our faid Sovereign Lord's Ma- 
 " jeftie, his Highnefs of his moft Bounteouf- 
 " nefs and Goodnefs extended to the faid 
 " James, Son to the faid Peter, to the Entent 
 " that all Doubts, Ambiguities, Arguments, 
 " Reafons and Queftions of Title, that here- 
 " aftre mought chance to fourde, rife or be 
 " made concerning the fame Name of Ho- 
 <f nour of Erie of Ormond, and the Annuitie 
 " aforefaid of ten Pounds Irijke perceaved, as 
 " is aforefaid, by the forenamed Erles of Or- 
 " mond, for the better Maintenance of the faid 
 <c Name of Honour of Eurl of Or mend, is 
 , <l contented and pleafed, that it be enacted 
 *J and eflablifhed by this prefent Parliament, 
 " that the laid James and the Heires Males of 
 " the Body of the faid Peter his faid Father, 
 " have, hold, inherite and enjoy the foid 
 
 < Name,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE: 17 
 
 " Name, Honour, Degree, Stile, Title and 
 <c Dignitie of Erie of Ormond, and the faid 
 c< Ycrelie Annuitie of ten Pounds Irijhe, to 
 " be perceaved of the faid Fee-Ferme of the 
 cc faid Citie of Waterford , for the better 
 " Maintenance of the faid Name and Honour 
 " of Erie of Ormcnd, in as ample Manner 
 <e and Forme, and with like Preeminence and 
 " Auncientie as any the abovenamed Erles of 
 <c Ormond^ at any time, hath, had, ufed, or 
 <c enjoyed. Wherefore, be it enacted, ordain- 
 <e ed and eftablifhed, by this prefent Parlia- 
 (< ment, and by the Authority of the fame, 
 " that the faid James, Son to the faid Pefer, 
 " as is aforefaid named Erie of Ormond, and 
 " the Heires Males of the Body of the faid 
 tc Peter, have, hold, inherit and enjoy the 
 tc faid Name, Honour, Degree, Stile, Title 
 " and Dignitie of Erie of Ormonde, and the 
 
 1 yearelie Annuitie often Pounds Irijh, yeare- 
 c< ly to be perceyved of the faid Fee-Ferme of 
 " the faid Citie of Waterford, by the Hands 
 <c of the Mayor and Baillyves of the fame, 
 " for the Time being, at the Feaft of Efter, 
 C{ and St. Michael th'arcangell, by even Por- 
 tc tions, in as ample Manner and Forme, and 
 
 e with like preemynens and aunciehti'e as any 
 < the above-named Erles of Ormonde ', at any 
 " Tyme, had ufed or enjoyed." 
 
 During the Sufpenfion of the Title of Or- 
 
 monde, which was transferred to Bullen, in 1 527, 
 
 and ten Years afterward, reftored to its for- 
 
 C mcr
 
 28 The LIFE of tie, 
 
 mer PofTefTor, Piers, then called Earl of 
 Oflbry, had many Occafions of difplaying his 
 Loyalty and fignalizing his Courage. Being, 
 upon the fill-rendering of his Title, made Lord 
 Deputy o Ireland, he was difturbed by the 
 Intrigues and Infurreclions of the Earl of Kil- 
 dare, whofe Houfe had been long engaged in 
 an hereditary Oppofition to that of Ormonde. 
 Kildare not only haraffed him during his Go- 
 vernment, but afterwards finding Means to 
 be made Lord Deputy, in the Abfence of the 
 Duke cf Richmond, then Lieutenant, he raif- 
 cd, by his new Authority, an Army, which 
 he employed in the Invafion of Kilkenny, and 
 the Deftrudtion of the Earl of Oforfs Eftates. 
 It is fcarce poffible, for thofe who live in the 
 prefent State of regular and legal Subordina- 
 tion, to conceive a Government fo wildly ad*- 
 miniftred, as that the chief Delegate of a King- 
 dom mould dare to employ his Power in open 
 and avowed Depredations on the Country 
 which he is entrufted to govern, and make 
 publick Profeffion of executing perfonal Re- 
 venge with the Forces which his Commifiicn 
 puts into his Hands ; nor can the Miferies of 
 that Country be eafily reprefented to the Ima- 
 gination, in which every Man who either 
 fuffers Injury or attempts it, who has Claims 
 which his own Paffions perfuade him to think 
 juft, or who is incited either by Vengeance 
 or Ambition, thinks himfelf at Liberty to have 
 recourfe to the Sword, to call round him Men 
 as furious, as neceffitous, and as afpiring as 
 
 himfelf*
 
 Duke of ORMONDES i 
 
 himfelf, and rum with all the Ravages of pul> 
 lie Hoftility, and all the Cruelty of private 
 Refentment, upon the PofTeffions, Allies and 
 Dependants of him, whom he has fingled 
 out for an Enemy, and whofe Crime is, per- 
 haps, little more, than that he is Mailer of 
 fomething, which is worth the Labour and 
 Hazard of taking it away. This, however, 
 was for many Ages the State of Ireland, and 
 by thefe Methods did the Heads of their Septs 
 endeavour to fupport their Dignity, enlarge 
 their Eflates and aggrandize their Families. 
 
 Kildare, in order to diftrefs the Earl of Of- 
 fory, who was favoured by the EngtiJh- 9 ex- 
 tended his Oppreffions to all who were not of 
 Irijh Extraction, and raifed fuch an univerfal 
 Hatred of his Government among the Englijh, 
 that Complaints were made of his Procedure 
 to Henry the Eighth, who fent for him to 
 Court to juftify himfelf againft Accufations 
 which he knew to be juft, and which he did 
 not therefore care to confront ; but, at length, 
 when he had, out of the King's Magazine, fup^ 
 plied his own Caftles with Ammunition, and 
 put Arms into the Hands of the Irijh , he ven- 
 tured into England, leaving his own Son, T/60- 
 mas Fitzgerald, little more than twenty Years 
 old, Governor in his Place. Such was the 
 State of this Kingdom, at that Time, that one 
 Governor feems to have deputed another with- 
 out any End of fucceffive Delegation, and 
 the Country was always fubjed: to fall into 
 the Power of Men wholly unqualified for Go- 
 C 2 vernment,
 
 2p The LIFE of.tht\ 
 
 vernment, and who might reafonably be fa* 
 Ipecled to folicit fo great a Truft only to be- 
 tray it. 
 
 Kildare, being now in England^ a Report 
 was fpread that he was beheaded, which was- 
 perhaps a Confequence of his Adtions generally 
 known to be likely, and, fo was readily believ- 
 ed ; and his Son, either believing at with the 
 Reft, or, as it is more probable, taking Ad- 
 vantage of the prevailing Clamour to profe- 
 cute the Purpofes of his own Ambition, im- 
 mediately, under Pretence of the firft Tranf- 
 ports of Affedtion and Refentment, declared 
 himfelf abfolved from all Allegiance to the 
 King, and, raifing, an Army laid Siege to the 
 Caftle of Dublin-, from whence the Archbi- 
 fhop endeavouring to efcape by Water, was 
 driven amore and murdered. The Earl of Of- 
 fory, and his Son, the Lord James Butter, 
 aflembled their Forces to oppofe him, and 
 were excited to greater Expedition, becaufe he 
 continued to make the Feud between the two 
 Families the chief Motive of his Conduct, 
 and leaving a Detachment to carry on the 
 Siege of the Fortrefs, marched in Perfon to 
 invade the Lands of the Earl of Offbry-, but 
 when he approached nearer, either confidering 
 that the Difturbance of a private Enemy was 
 but of little Importance compared with De- 
 fi2;ns which he had then begun to think him- 
 felf able to execute, or uncertain of the Suc- 
 cefs of his Invafion, or defirous to ftrengthen 
 himfelf by fo powerful an Alliance, he wrote 
 
 a Letter
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 21 
 
 a Letter to Lord James Butler, in which he 
 propofed to him to unite their Strength, to re- 
 duce the Kingdom, and to fhare it between 
 them, but received from the young Lord the 
 following Arifv/er : 
 
 " Taking Pen in Hand to write to you my 
 " abfolute Anfwer, I mufe in the nrft Line 
 " by what Name to call you, my Lord, or 
 " my Couiin, feeing your notorious Treafon 
 tc hath impeached your Loyalty and Honour, 
 ." and your defperate Lewdnefs hath mamed 
 " your Kindred. You are, by your Expref- 
 <c fions fo liberal in parting Stakes with me, 
 " that a Man would weene you had no Right 
 <c to the Game; and fo importunate for my 
 " Company, as if you would perfuade me to 
 " hang with you for good Fellowfhip. And 
 " think you, that James is fo mad as to gape 
 <c for Gudgeons, or fo ungracious as to fell his 
 " Truth and Loyalty for a Piece of Ireland? 
 . <c Were it fo (as it cannot be) that the Chic- 
 " kens you reckon were both hatched and 
 " feathered ; yet be thou fure, I had rather 
 "in this Quarrel dye thine Enemy, than live 
 " thy Partner. For the Kindnefs you proffer 
 " me, and Good-will in the End of your 
 :c Letter, the bed Way I can propofe to re- 
 :c quite you, that is, in advifing you, though 
 cc you have fetched your Fence, yet to look 
 xc well before ever you leap over. Ignorance, 
 " Error, and a Miftake of Duty, hath car- 
 * c riedyou unawaies, to this Folly, not yet fo 
 3 " rank,
 
 25 the LIFE of tie 
 
 <{ rank, but it may be cured. The King is 
 
 " a VeiTel of Mercy and Bounty ; your Words 
 
 * againft his Majefly mall not be counted ma- 
 
 c{ licious, but only bulked out of Heat and 
 
 t{ Impotency ; except your felf by heaping of 
 
 ** Offences difcover a mifchievous and wilful 
 
 " Meaning. Farewell!" 
 
 Finding that he had now no Reafon to hope 
 for the Alliance which he had courted, he 
 marched forward, and furprifed Lord James, 
 at Teripent, attended with a fmall Party of 
 Horfe, who, after fome Refiftance, were ob- 
 liged, by Fitzgerald's fuperior Numbers, to 
 fly, and Lord James, having received feveral 
 Wounds, was confined to his Houfe at Dun- 
 more till they were cured. The Earl of OJJb- 
 ry raifed a powerful Force, and compelled 
 Fitzgerald to return to Dublin, where the Ci- 
 tizens had fallen upon the Party which he had 
 left to beliege the CaiHe. From Dublin he was 
 driven, by Sir William Skeffington, who was 
 fent over as Lord Deputy from England, with 
 a confiderable Power, and, at laft, he was obli- 
 ged to fubmit to the Lord Grey, the Deputy 
 that fucceeded Skeffington, who fent him with 
 five of his Uncles to London, where, in the 
 Year 1537, ^ey were executed at 'Tyburn ; 
 the old Earl of Kildare having died fome time 
 before, in theTower, of Grief for the Perverfe- 
 nefs of his Son. The Lord James Butler and 
 his Father then found Means to extinguish 
 the Remains of the Rebellion, and were re- 
 warded
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 23 
 
 warded, for their Services, with Part of the 
 forfeited Lands of thofe whom they had affifted 
 to conquer. 
 
 But they found Enemies, not only among 
 thofe who rebelled againft the King, but a- 
 mong thofe likewife who governed by his Au- 
 thority, for the Lord Deputy Grey, being re- 
 lated to fome of the ancient Enemies of the 
 Houfe of Ormonde, made no more Scruple 
 than Kildare, to employ the King's Troops 
 againft his Subjects, but fent Part of the Ar- 
 my to wafte the Eftate of the Earl of Offory, 
 which was afterwards objected to him amongii 
 other Crimes for which he was beheaded. 
 
 In 1538, the Butlers retrieved the Title 
 of Ormonde, and Piers died the Year follow- 
 ing with the higheft Reputation, for his 
 Courage, his Liberality, his Charity, his Ho- 
 nour, and his Devotion. He ufed, in the 
 laft Fortnight in Lent, to withdraw himfelf 
 from all fecular Employments, and to fpend 
 his Time wholly in Prayer, Contemplation, 
 and the Exercife of Charity. It is a very re- 
 markable Incident of his Life, that though his 
 Lady was Sifter to his Enemy the Earl of Kil- 
 dare, their conjugal Union was never broken 
 by the Interchange of Enmity between the 
 two Families to which no Stop was put by 
 the Alliance, and they lived together with 
 great Concord and Happinefs, 
 
 James thejixth, Earl of Ormonde, to which 
 
 was now united the Title of Ojfiry, had been 
 
 employed, in his Father's Life, in high Pofts, 
 
 C 4 andi
 
 24 72* LIFE of the 
 
 and joined in an AfTociation, at that Time 
 very flrange, to oppofe the Ufurpations of the 
 Bijhop of Rome, whofe Pretenfions had never 
 in that Kingdom been quefrioned before. He 
 continued to enjoy the Favour of the King, 
 and received many Grants of the Lands of the 
 Church, which were then refigned to the 
 Crown. He had for many Years the Direc- 
 tion of the Treafury of Ireland, which at laft 
 haflened his Death; for having a Difpute with 
 the Deputy about railing a new Tax, the Ani- 
 mofity rofe fo high, that the King required 
 them both to come over to England to be re- 
 conciled ; but the Reconciliation was of very 
 little Importance, for the Earl of Ormonde at 
 an Entertainment at Ely Hcufe was poifoned, 
 with the Steward of his Houfehold, and fixteen 
 more of his Servants, who all died of the fame 
 Banquet. 
 
 He married the only Daughter and Heirefs 
 of the Earl ofDefmcnd, by whom with many 
 other Children he had Thomas the Second who 
 fucceeded him, and diftinguimed himfelf very 
 early by his Bravery both in Scotland and Ire- 
 land. He obtained from Queen Mary a con- 
 iiderable Grant of Lands, which it might have 
 been expected that her Popifh Zeal would 
 rather have inclined her to reftore to the 
 Church, from which they had not long before 
 been taken. This Grant was confirmed, with 
 the Addition of feveral newManours, by Queen 
 Elizabeth, who placed particular Confidence 
 in this Earl, and who found him in many 
 
 dangerous
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 25 
 
 dangerous and preffing Exigencies adtive, vali- 
 ant, prudent, and loyal. 
 
 But the Kindnefs of his Sovereign could not 
 fecure him from thofe Difquiets, that private 
 Animofities of Families fo frequently brought 
 in thofe Days upon the Nobles of Ireland j the 
 Earl of Defmwid) in Confequence of an ancient 
 Quarrel, made War upon his Eftate, and great 
 Part of the Province of Munfier was laid wafte 
 by the Continuance of their Hoftilities ; but 
 Defmond was routed at Atbmean, in the. County 
 of Wat erf or d^ and two hundred and eighty of 
 his Men killed on the Field : This Encounter 
 however did not end the Difpute, which 
 threaten'd new Calamities to the Country ; and 
 therefore the Queen required both the Chiefs 
 to attend her : The Summons was obey'd by 
 the Earl of Ormonde, who had the Mortifica- 
 tion to hear, that while he was waiting at 
 Court, Part of his Eftate was laid wafte, and 
 one of his Brothers killed by the Followers of 
 his Antagonift. The Queen however recon- 
 ciled them for the prefent, yet the Earl of 
 Defmond foon made new Levies in Profecution 
 of his former Defign, but was obliged to fub- 
 mit to the Deputy, and was with his Son im- 
 prifoned in England. 
 
 But the Sufpenfion of Toil and Tumults pro- 
 cured by the Repreffion of Defmond was of 
 very mort Continuance ; for foon after, a Re- 
 bellion alinoft general broke out in Ir eland y 
 inflamed m fome by Ambition, in fome by In- 
 juries and Difappointments, and in others by 
 
 Zeaj
 
 2 6 The LIFE of the 
 
 Zeal for the Romijh Religion, which the Priefo 
 began then to think endanger'd. In this Re- 
 bellion two of Ormondes Brothers were enga- 
 ged, but they were afterwards perfwaded by 
 him to fubmit, and obtained Pardon. 
 
 Thefe Rebels were principally abetted by the 
 arl oi Defmond, who having for a long Time, 
 after his Enlargement, in fecret favoured the 
 Rebellion, at laft openly caft off all Obedience 
 to the Queen, and appeared in Arms againft 
 her Authority. The Earl of Ormonde march- 
 ed againft him, and drove him from one Shel- 
 ter to another, feizing his Caftles, and deftroy- 
 ing his Forces, till he obliged him to hide 
 himfelf in the Woods and Mountains. 
 
 In thefe Retreats and FaftnefTes Defmond 
 continued till he received Affifbnce from fo- 
 reign Countries -, but even this Affiftance was 
 intercepted by the Activity of Ormonde, and 
 the Rebellion had been then wholly fupprefTed, 
 had not other Lords affifted him with their 
 Power. They were likewife in a fhort Time 
 reduced to fuch Difficulties, that the Baron of 
 Lixnaw fubmitted to his old Enemy the Earl 
 of Ormonde, who had Authority to receive the 
 Submiffion of the Rebels, and by his Intercef- 
 {ion obtained a Pardon. 
 
 Ormonde then went into England, and ob- 
 tained from the Queen a fmall Supply of Stores, 
 with which he landed at Waterford in i?8f, 
 and refolved to hunt the Earl of Defmond till 
 he had taken him, and freed the Kingdom 
 from the Danger of new Commotions, Def- 
 mond
 
 Dufa of ORMONDE. 27 
 
 mond was driven from Wood to Wood, and 
 from Mountain to Mountain, in great Want 
 ofProvifions, his Followers being cut off from 
 all Communication with their Eftates ; and 
 therefore obliged to eat Carrion, and harafs'd 
 at the fame time by continual Attacks, both 
 from the Forces of Ormonde^ and of thole, who 
 having fubmitted to him, endeavoured to re- 
 commend themfelves by de'ftroying thofe to 
 whom they had lately been Confederates ; and 
 by thefe concurrent Miferies and Hoftilities, 
 Defmond) in lefs than a Year, loft forty Captains 
 and four thoufand common Men j and not be- 
 ing able to find any Method of maintaining his 
 Horfe, was in a fhort Time fo generally aban- 
 doned, that he fculked about with only five 
 Attendants, in the utmoft Want, and in per- 
 petual Danger. Ormonde in the mean time 
 marched round the Country, and received the 
 Submiflion of fuch Lords and Chieftains of 
 Families, as had been engaged in the Rebel- 
 lion. 
 
 Ormonde had at Court very powerful Ene- 
 mies, among whom was the famous Earl of 
 Leicefter - } and as Rivals at Court are always 
 eager to mifreprefent the Conduct of each 
 other, it was fo induftrioufly infinuated to the 
 Queen, that the Protections which he had 
 granted to the Info Rebels were contrary to 
 her Advantage, that at laft he received a Com- 
 mand in Writing from her, by which he was 
 ordered to feize all thofe, whom he had pro- 
 tected, and to keep them in Durance. Ormonde 
 
 highly
 
 2 8 72* LIFE of tie 
 
 highly offended at fuch an Order remarked 
 that Nothing could be of worfe Confequence, 
 than to drive Enemies fo powerful to Defpera- 
 tion, that the Method he had taken was autho- 
 rized by Letters from the Secretary, and jufti- 
 fied by the Example of former Times ; and at 
 laft concluded, that it would be difhonourable 
 to violate the Protection which he had given ; 
 and that they who gave fuch Advice, were 
 better qualified than himfelf to put it in Prac- 
 tice. 
 
 He continued to purfue Defmond, who, af- 
 ter having very narrowly efcaped many At- 
 tempts, was at laft difcovered by an Irifh Gen- 
 tleman, who with twenty-five of his Follow- 
 ers attacked him in his Cabin, near the River 
 Maine, in the Night, and killed him: The 
 other Rebels fubmitted at the News of his 
 Death, and two Ships which arrived very foon 
 after with Men and large Sums of Money, 
 for his Affiftance, failed back without landing 
 their Cargo. Ormonde obtained Part of the 
 Eilate of Defmond, which he claim'd in Right 
 of his Mother, and received a Letter of Thanks 
 from the Queen ; but was foon after, by the 
 Influence of Leicejler and his other Enemies, 
 difmifled from the Government. 
 
 It was not long before there were new Oc- 
 cafions for his Difigence and Fidelity, for about 
 four Years afterwards broke out the memorable 
 Rebellion of the Earl of ttrone, who having 
 long taken proper Meafures for an Infurreclion, 
 with the utmoft Circumfpec~tion 3 and with 
 
 fuch
 
 Duke of ORMONDE.' 29. 
 
 fuch ProfefTions of Loyalty, whenever he was 
 accufed, as feldom fail'd of gaining him new 
 Credit, for fome Years contented himfelf with 
 favouring the different Captains of Families 
 that broke out into Rebellion, without com- 
 mitting any Acts of Hoftility himfelf; but at 
 laft began to avow his Defigns by an Attempt 
 upon the Fort of Blacktvater, in which tho' 
 he mifcarried, he yet grew by Degrees more 
 and more powerful, and began to threaten 
 great Mifchiefs to the Kingdom. In order 
 therefore to oppofe him, the Earl of Ormonde 
 received in 1597, a Commiffion to be General 
 of Lemfter y but was obliged to raife and furnifh 
 the Army at his own Expence ; and being af- 
 terwards inverted with the Command of the 
 Army at Dundalk, he found them without 
 Cloaths, and without Victuals, and fo much 
 reduced, that he could fcarcely felect out of 
 eighteen Companies fix hundred Men fit to 
 bear Arms, and with that fmall Body ranged 
 for a better Appearance under ten Enfigns, ' he 
 met Tyrone. They had an Interview, in which 
 they agreed upon a mort Truce, which Or- 
 monde made ufe of to procure Provifions and 
 Ammunition for his Army, there being but 
 three Barrels of Powder in the Queen's Maga- ' 
 zines, and to take Security "from the Chiefs tor ' 
 their Fidelity, and when Hostilities commen- 
 ced again, he made the chief Oppofition by his 
 perfonal Influence, raifed the Siege of Kilmal- 
 lock y and furnifh'd many Towns and Caftles 
 with Means of Defence. 
 
 But
 
 30 The LIFE of tie 
 
 But the Queen's Forces in Ireland not being 
 thought fufficient to crufh the Rebellion, the 
 Earl of EJ/ex was fent over, with a very pow- 
 erful Army ; but he, foon tired of the Man- 
 ner in which that War was to be made, and 
 the troublefome Neceffity of purfuing a flying 
 Enemy through Bogs, and over Mountains, 
 made a Truce with Tyrone, and unhappily for 
 himfelf returned without performing thofe 
 Actions which were expected from his Cou- 
 rage, or fettling any lafling Peace in the Coun- 
 try which was committed to his Care ; for 
 Tyrone, foon after his Departure, began new 
 Ravages and was very feebly oppofed by thofe 
 who had the Government in their Hands: 
 Another Truce however was made, in which, 
 probably, both Parties expected to find Advan- 
 tage, and Ormonde reprefented to the Queen 
 the Diftrefs of the Kingdom, and defired a 
 new Governor with more Forces. 
 
 Lord Montjoy was then fent over with a con- 
 fiderable Body of Troops, and the Earl of Or- 
 monde, fupported by this new AvMance, con- 
 tinued to harafs the Enemy, who neverthelefs 
 was neither difcouraged, nor as it appears, 
 much impaired; for the Heads of the Irifh 
 Clans, who fecretly favoured them, gave them 
 Succours, and many united themfelves openly 
 to them ; among thefe was Oiuney Mac Rory 
 O More, whom Ormond hoped to reclaim by 
 an Interview ; and therefore perfwaded fome 
 of his Friends to accompany him ; but when 
 they met, he was feized and detained. Prifoner, 
 
 and
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 31 
 
 and his Friends with great Difficulty made 
 their Efcape. 
 
 This Treachery was difcovered by Tyrone^ 
 who declared, that he would leave no Mea- 
 fures untried, if it were found that he was per- 
 fidioufly feized, to fet him at Liberty} and 
 Qivney was, after many Shifts, obliged by the 
 Irifi themfelves to releafe him. 
 
 He continued after his Releafe. to purfue the 
 Rebels with his ufual Vigilance, and though 
 Tyrone received Afliftance from Spain, yet he 
 was very foon reduced to fuch Extremities, that 
 nothing was left for him, but to fubmit to the 
 Queen's Mercy. 
 
 The Policy by which the Rebellion of Ty- 
 rone was fupprefTed deferves to be recorded. 
 The Supplies which 'Tyrone obtained for his 
 Forces, were chiefly purchafed with the Mo- 
 ney fent from England, for the Payment of the 
 Army, a great Part of which, by Traffic, or 
 by Plunder, fell into the Enemies Hands, and 
 enabled them to purchafe whatever they want- 
 ed, as well in other Countries as in their own. 
 The Queen finding that the Coin of the King- 
 dom was drained into Ireland, where it was of 
 more Uie to the Rebels than to her own. Sub- 
 jects, order'd Money to be flamp'd of a bafe 
 Allay, and to be proclaimed current through- 
 out Ireland, Tyrone had in a fhort Time ex- 
 pended, in Arms and Ammunition, and other 
 Neceflaries, all the Money that was in his 
 Hands, and Plunder now Supplying him with 
 cone but of this bale Kind, which in foreign 
 
 Countries
 
 3 2 The LIFE of the 
 
 Countries was of no Value, he was reduced to ' 
 the utmoft Degrees of Mifery ; fo that in a 
 Country wafted by hourly Depredations, Mul- 
 titudes of his Followers perimed with Hunger, 
 and others are reported to have had Recourfe 
 to the lafl Expedient of extreme Famine, and 
 to have devoured one another. He then fub- 
 mitted himfelf, and being tranfported by Lord 
 Mont joy into England, was kindly received by 
 King James, then arrived at his new Poflef- 
 lions, who reftored him to his Title, granted 
 him a large Eftate, and pardoned all the Rebels 
 who were not attainted. 
 
 The Earl of Ormonde was continued by King 
 James in his Command in the Army, but had 
 now no longer any need to exert bis military 
 Abilities, which gave way to more gentle and 
 peaceable Virtues, fuch as the Age of Seventy, 
 at which he had arrived, made it more fuitable 
 to him to practife ; he therefore dedicated the 
 latter Part of his Life to Works of Piety and 
 Repentance, and mentioned with great Con-' 
 trition many Irregularities, to which the tu- 
 multuary Life, which he had fo long parTed, 
 had expofed him, and was particularly diftur- 
 bed at the -Remembrance of his unlawful A- 
 mours. Some Years before his Death he loft 
 his. Sight, but when he was blind married ano-~ 
 ther Lady, ; nd died at a very great Age in 
 1614. He was a Man remarkably graceful in 
 his Perfon, and of uncommon Judgment and 
 Knowledge ; he retain'd the Remembrance of 
 what he had learned to a furprizing Degree. 
 
 His
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 33 
 
 His Courage in the Field, and his Spirit on 
 private Occurrences were equally eminent : He 
 always held the Earl of Lelcefter at declared 
 Defiance, and made no Scruple to charge him 
 to the Queen as a Knave and a Coward, and 
 told Leicefter at another Time, when they 
 were talking of an Eftate, of which he defired 
 to purchafe the Reverlion, that he would never 
 fell it him, becaufe he knew that if he bought 
 it, he would poifon the prefent PofTeffbr j for 
 which Aflertion he had either before fufficient 
 Grounds, or at leaft was afterwards convinced, 
 that he had no Reafon to retract it, being him- 
 felf poifoned, as there was reafon to believe, 
 by Leicefter, and not without great Difficulty 
 recovered. Notwithstanding the Power of all 
 his Rivals he continued in favour with Queen 
 Elizabeth, who beiides the Regard which his 
 Merit might excite, and the Gratitude which 
 might be claimed by his Service, had fufficient 
 Reafons of Policy not to difguft him ; for as 
 he was a Proteftant, the firft of his Family 
 who had forfaken Popery, and undoubtedly 
 the chief, if not the only Irijb Nobleman, at 
 that time, of the Reformed Religion, his Pow- 
 er might have turned the Scale of Ireland a- 
 gainft.her, by uniting all Parties in the Re- 
 bellion. 
 
 Before he left this Life, there, remained the 
 Care of providing for the SuccefTion of his Fa- 
 mily, and of fettling his Eftate : He hud no 
 remaining IfTue, but one Daughter by his fe- 
 cond Wife, Vv'hom he firft married to his fe- 
 D cond
 
 $4 The LIFE of 'tie 
 
 cond Brother's Son, who foon left her a Wi- 
 dow without Children ; and King James then 
 obliged him, againft his Inclination, to beftow 
 her upon Sir Richard Prcfton, a Scoff man, who 
 had been bred up with him, and was therefore 
 a Favourite : To qualify him for fuch a Match 
 he made him a Scotch Baron, and after his 
 Marriage created him Earl of Defmond. 
 
 The old B3fl of Ormonde being defirous to 
 preferve the Honour and Influence of his Fa- 
 mily from Diminution, gave his Daughter only 
 two or three Manours, and fix thoufand Pounds, 
 and fettled the Reft of the Eftate upon the Heir 
 Male, that it might defcend with the Title -, 
 but fuch was the King's Partiality to his Fa- 
 vourite, that when in 1614, Sir Walter Butler 
 the eldeft Son of Sir John Butler, third Bro- 
 ther to the old Earl, inherited the Title, the 
 Eftate was feiz'd by Prefton, in Right of his 
 Wife j and though Walter had an apparent 
 Right to the Eftate, by Will, as well as to the 
 Titles by Defcent, yet he never could obtain 
 Poffeffion, for the King efpoufed the Claim 
 of Prejlon with fo much Warmth, and fo little 
 "Regard to Decency, that he wrote Letters in 
 "his Favour to the Council of Ireland, and re- 
 'commended his Caufe to them, as that of a 
 Man bred up with him from his Cradle; as if 
 that Circumffonce of his Education made any 
 Alteration in the Juftice of his Claim. 
 
 At kft, when the King could not prevail 
 'upon the judges to determine according to his 
 Inclination/ he took the Decifion into his own 
 
 Hands,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE; 35 
 
 Hands, with equal Difregard of Law and of 
 Reputation ; and having made fuch an Award 
 as he had without Effect required from others, 
 he condemned the Earl of Ormonde to Prifori 
 for Incompliance, and confined him in the 
 Fleet for eight Years, in Mifery and Want 5 
 and in the mean time feized upon his Rights, 
 and omitted no Method of Severity or Perfe* 
 cution. He indeed exprefied afterwards fome 
 Regret for the Cruelty with which he had 
 treated him ; but it does not appear, that his 
 Remorfe produced any Amendment, or that 
 he redrefled any of the Injuries which hefeem'd 
 to lament. 
 
 The Earl, whom no Continuance of Cruelty 
 could fubdue, at laft recovered his Liberty, and 
 returned to Ireland, where he died in 1632, 
 leaving his Titles and his Eftate, of which his 
 Firmnefs and Refolution had preferv'd a great 
 Part, to be inherited by his Grandfon James, 
 of whom it will be reafonable to expect an Ax> 
 count fomewhat more copious than thofe which 
 have been given of his PredecefTors. 
 
 James the Seventh was bom in 1610, and 
 at the Age of three Years palled over into Jr(* 
 land, a Year before the Death of the old Earl 
 fbom4s> whofe Figure and Carefles he always 
 afterwards remember'd. In 1 6 1 9, his Father 
 Thomas, eldeft Son of 'Walter Earl of Ormonde, 
 being drowned in his PafTage to England, he 
 was called Lord James, as Heir apparent .of 
 his Grandfather. The Year afterwards he was 
 brought by his Mother to England, and lived 
 D 2 for
 
 36 The LIFE of the 
 
 for a fhort Time with a Popifi Schoolmafter, 
 who bred him in the Errors of the Romijb 
 Church, 'till King James, who confider'd him 
 as a Ward of the Crown, placed him in the 
 Houfe of Archbifhop Abbot j but having at that 
 Time feized upon his Grandfather's Eftate, al- 
 lowed him only fortyPounds a Year fq^the Sup- 
 port of himfelf and his Servant, and made the 
 Archbifhop no Allowance for his Maintenance 
 or Education, which was probably one Rea- 
 fon why he was taught Nothing, a Neglect 
 which might have deprived the Age of one of 
 its greateft Ornaments, had not Diligence and 
 Capacity found means to fupply the Want of 
 Education. At the Age of fixteen he left 
 Lambeth, and lived with his Grandfather, who 
 had now recover'd his Liberty, and a great 
 Part of his Eflate -, and now being no longer 
 confined to his former penurious Allowance, 
 he engaged in the Amufements and Diverfions 
 of young Men, and was particularly delighted 
 with the Performances of the Theatre ; fo that 
 mofl of the eminent Players had the Honour 
 of his Acquaintance. But he did not loofe in 
 his Diverfion that Regard to his Fortune and 
 Intereft, which becomes a rational and prudent 
 Mind j for feeing the Eftate of Lord Prefto??, 
 which had been with fo much Violence forced 
 from the Houfe of Ormonde now wholly de- 
 volved to an Heirefs, he found Means of mar- 
 rying her, and fo put an End for ever to the 
 Differences which had given fo much Diftur- 
 
 bance
 
 Duie of ORMONDE: 37 
 
 bance to both Families, and by which his 
 Grandfather had fo feverely fuffer'd. 
 
 In 1632, about two Years after his Marri- 
 age, he became by the Death of his Grand- 
 father Earl of Ormmde^ and being naturally of 
 an active and enterprizing Character, foon en- 
 gaged in publick Affairs, and grew, by the 
 Countenance of the Earl of Strcford, then 
 Lord Deputy of Ireland^ one of the chief A- 
 ctors in the Houfe of Peers. 
 
 The Regard which the Deputy, who was 
 remarkably well qualified to judge of Men, 
 thought it always proper to Ihew him, was be- 
 gun by a very odd Occurrence. TheAnimofity 
 in the //T/ Parliament had rifen fo high, that 
 there was Danger left their Debates fhould 
 terminate in Blood, and leafl, as it has been re- 
 lated of Polijh Aflemblies, they mould appeal 
 from Argument to the Sword. For this Rea- 
 fon the Lord Deputy published a Proclamation 
 by which he forbade any Man to fit in either 
 Houfe with his Sword, a Precaution which had 
 been ufed in former Times, and in other Pla- 
 ces where Ufages were more fettled, and the 
 chief Governor was more reftrained, and fo 
 was by no means unjuftifiable in this Cafe : 
 When the Lords therefore enter'd the Houfe, 
 their Swords were delivered by them at the 
 Door to the Ufher of the Black-rod, who 
 flood ready to receive them - 3 but when the 
 Earl of Ormonde was about to enter, he rcfus'd 
 to deliver his Sword, and told the Ufher, who 
 with the ufual Confidence of momentary Power, 
 D 3 entorc'd
 
 38 The LIFE of tfa 
 
 enforc'd his Demand wkh fome Rudenefs, 
 <Ihat if he had his Sword, it Jhould be in his 
 Guts. The Deputy imagining his Authority 
 treated by this Refufal with Contempt, fent 
 for the Earl, and demanded the Reafon of his 
 Difobedience, but was anfwered, by being pre- 
 fented with the Writ in which he was fummo- 
 lied as Earl of Ormonde to fit in Parliament, 
 girded with a Sword. The Deputy had no- 
 thing ready to offer as a Reply, and the Earl 
 therefore was difmiffed, not only without Cen- 
 fure, but with fuch Efteem of his Spirit, which 
 was indeed on this Occafion more conspicuous 
 than his Prudence, that the Lord Deputy had 
 him ever afterwards in particular Efteem, and 
 wheri he returned to England recommended 
 him to the Privy Council, as one who was 
 likely to prove a great and able Servant of the 
 Crown. 
 
 In 1 640, an Army being thought necefTary 
 to be raifed in Ireland, the Care of making the 
 Levies, and afcertaining their Maintenance, 
 from the Funds which the Parliament had pro- 
 vided, was repofed in the Earl of Ormonde. 
 This Army was to have rendezvouz'd at Car- 
 rickjergus, and to have been tranfported from 
 thence to Scotland-, but the Pacification which 
 foon after folio wedj prevented the Execution 
 of the Defign. 
 
 The next Year broke out the terrible and 
 bloody Iri/h Rebellion, made for ever memo- 
 ble by a Rage of Cruelty fcarcely ever exerci- 
 fed on any other Occafion., and which filled 
 
 that
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 39 
 
 that unhappy Country for many Years witji 
 Slaughter and Defolation. The Irt/b Chiefs, 
 and the Popifh Clergy hud been long dilTatis- 
 fied with their Condition. The Clergy, not 
 content even with the publick Exercife of their 
 Religion by the Connivance of the Laws re- 
 folved to endeavour its Eftablifhment, under 
 the Protection cf a new Government, an<J 
 die Heads of the ancient Irift Families were 
 infatuated with the Love of their ancient Cuf- 
 toms, and defirous to regain, not only their an r 
 cient Authority over their Clans, but the large 
 Diftricts of Lands, which, though they never 
 were allured to the PofTeffor, in fuch a Man- 
 ner as might induce him to cultivate them, 
 they were yet angry to fee granted to others, 
 to whom they were of more Value, being fet- 
 tled by Law, and improved with that Indu- 
 try, which Security never fuffers to be want- 
 ing. Thus both thefe Clalles of Men, which 
 Bigotry yet fuffered to have great Influence 
 in Ireland were defirous to change their Con- 
 dition ; fome perhaps, without flopping to 
 coniider what they fhould fubftitute in the 
 Place of the Government which they refolv'd 
 to deftroy j fome with no other View than of 
 growing rich by Plunder ; and fome with pri- 
 vate Schemes which they conceal'd from thofe 
 by whole Afliftance they were to be made ef- 
 fectual. But however they might differ in the 
 End which was propofed, every Man knew 
 that the Way by which it was to be attained, 
 could be no other than that of Violence ; and 
 D therefore
 
 4.0 The LIFE of the 
 
 therefore, it was no Difficulty to make the 
 firft Motions in Concert; and the Condi- 
 tion of rnoft of the native Irijh, retrained in 
 their Religion, eclipfed by the greater Power and 
 Affluence of Strangers, difpoffefled in their own 
 Opinion of their Lands, without any certain or 
 lafting Property a Stock of Cattle which was 
 all their Wealth, being after a Commotion ea- 
 lily recover'd, and confidering themfelves as 
 engaged in a holy War againft Herefy, eafily 
 determined to take any Opportunity of driving 
 out their Inmates, who being by the Govern- 
 ment efteem'd Matters, were doubtlefs by the 
 Depravity of Human Nature too often inclin'd 
 to be Oppreflbrs. In an Enterprize of this kind, 
 arifing from fuch Motives, and incited by fuch 
 Views, in a Nation where the Government 
 was fcarcely fettled, where the new Property 
 could hardly be thought eftablifhed, and 
 where therefore no Man confidered the Ha- 
 zard of attempting a Change, as reaching be- 
 yond his own Perfon, Generals and Counfel- 
 lors were eafily to be found. It was natural 
 for the Heads of Families to afTume the Com- 
 mand of their Clans, it was no Icfs natural for 
 Vafials to follow with Alacrity thofe whom 
 they have been always inftructed to look upon 
 as their Leaders by Birth ; and it is not to be 
 doubted, that the Priefts found Men whofe 
 miftaken Piety made them, even with fewer or 
 lefs important temporal Motives, willing to 
 embark in a Defign which, though it fhould 
 
 fail
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 4.1 
 
 fail, would not in their Opinion lofe its Re- 
 ward. 
 
 The chief of the firft Confpirators was Con- 
 ner Macguire, Baron of EncJkiUing^ whofe 
 Anceftors had in the Rebellion of Tyrone for- 
 feited their Eftates ; and alfo had himielf wafted 
 in Extravagance that Part of it which was 
 granted back to his Grandfather, and being 
 embarafs'd with the ulual Confequenccs of 
 Profuiion, was by his Quality, and his Diftre- 
 fes, equally fitted for Engagements in which 
 fome Reputation was neceffary, and in which 
 the Prolpect very much flattered both Cove- 
 touihefs and Ambition. 
 
 The next was Roger More, a Man likewife 
 of ancient Extraction, and remarkable for the 
 Gracefulnefs of his Perlon, the Eafe of his E- 
 locution, the Softnefs of his Manners, and the 
 Flexibility of his Addrefs. He was in his own 
 Opinion deprefled by the Greatnefs of the 
 Englijh, who had in their Pofleffion a very 
 large Extent of Lands, which was once the 
 Territory of his Anceftors, and to which he 
 therefore thought himfelf intituled. He was 
 coniequently ready to engage in any De- 
 fign which might let him free from that State 
 of Indigence which he thought Oppreffion, 
 and was by Nature fitted to infufe his Opini- 
 ons into thofe, with whom he converfed, and 
 according to their various Conditions and Cha- 
 racters, to fill fome with Hopes, fome with 
 Zeal, and others with Fear. But to the Ho- 
 nour of this Man it mufl be remembered, that 
 
 as
 
 42 The LIFE of the 
 
 as he was eminent for his Underftanding, he 
 was diftinguim'd likev/ife by his Humanity ; 
 and the Addrefs with which he contrived the 
 Rebellion was not difgraced by Cruelty in its 
 Execution ; for he oppofed the Barbarity of 
 others wherever his Influence extended, and at 
 laft growing weary of an Affociation withMon- 
 fters, he retired, and died at Kilkenny, without 
 participating the worft of their Crimes. 
 
 By this artful Man was Colonel Plunket en- 
 gaged in the fame Defign. He was a younger 
 Brother cf a confiderable Family, of which 
 the Eftate was dimpated, and which thought 
 itfelf oppreffed ; and he therefore being bred to 
 Arms, was willing enough to exercife his Pro- 
 feffion, in a Caufe which promifed much greater 
 Advantages than foreign Service, and from which 
 he could but fly to the fame Service again, with 
 more Experience and higher Reputation. 
 
 Sir Phelim Oneile was another of the original 
 Contrivers of this Rebellion, like the reft indi- 
 gent, and like the reft of high Extraction, two 
 Circumftances fo dangerous when united, that 
 it may be doubted whether Nobility ought not 
 to ceafe with the Riches to which it owes its 
 Original ; for it may well deferve the Dili- 
 gence of Politicians to enquire, whether the Re- 
 membrance of high Birth, and Remains of he- 
 reditary Honour, unfupported by Wealth and 
 Power, have not been more frequently Incen- 
 tives of daring Wickednefs than Motives of he- 
 roic Actions ; and whether more have not en- 
 deavoured to reftore the Dignity of their Fa- 
 milies
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 43 
 
 milies by Shaking the Government of their 
 Country, than by iludying its Intereil, or pro- 
 moting its Welfare. 
 
 Sir Philip imagined that he had a Title to 
 all the Lands, and all the Power which his 
 Progenitors, the Heads of one of the moil nu- 
 merous Families of the Nation, had formerly 
 enjoyed; and therefore was willing to ilake 
 the little PofTeffions which yet remained in 
 his Hands, againil the Immeniity of Greatneis 
 which ihone before his Imagination ; he was 
 confequently from the Beginning, the moil ac- 
 tive of the Rebels, and might have been men- 
 tioned with lefs Deteilation, had he not been, 
 like wife the moil cruel. 
 
 The particular Steps by which this Confpi- 
 racy proceeded to Infurreclion, is not conii- 
 flent with the Nature of this introductory A- 
 bridgment to mention, nor the various Expedi- 
 ents which were formed for facilitating its Suc- 
 cefs. They promifed themfelves Affiilance 
 from all the Princes who were eminent for their 
 Zeal for the Papal Religion, and perhaps, with 
 more Certainty, from all thofe whofe Intereil 
 incited them to wiih to fee the Englijh Arms 
 employed, and Counfels embaraifed, by a Re- 
 bellion in Ireland-. In the mean time, they 
 determined to feize all the Rents of the King- 
 dom for the Payment of their Soldiers, and 
 Means were found to procure Arms for the 
 firil Bodies of Men which it might be neceiTary 
 fo aflemble. 
 
 Thefe Preparations were made with the 
 
 Knowledge
 
 44 ne LIFE of the 
 
 Knowledge of very few then in the Kingdom- 
 But the Diligence of their Agents in foreign 
 Parts was too remarkable, wholly to efcape the 
 Notice of the EngUJh Minifters from whom 
 the King received frequent Accounts of the 
 general Motions of the Irijh at foreign Courts ; 
 the Refort of both Ecclefiaftics and Officers to 
 their own Country, and of a Defign to raife a 
 Rebellion, of which Sir Harry Vane, by his 
 Order advertifed the Lords Juftices. They had 
 then the Government of Ireland, which they 
 had obtained by their Intereft in the Houfe of 
 Commons, and which they may therefore be 
 reafonably fuipected to have adminifter'd, with- 
 out much Regard to the Intereft, or much Re- 
 fpeft to the Orders of the King. They might yet 
 have been expected to ufe more Vigilance and 
 Care, upon the firft Hint of a Defign fo 
 dangerous, even if they had confulted only 
 the Prefervations of their own Perfons and For- 
 tunes ; but, though the Advice from the King 
 was confirmed by Accounts from a * Gentle- 
 man, whom they afterwards recommended to 
 
 the 
 
 * Sir William Cole to the Lords Jn/lices of Ireland. 
 Right Honourable, 
 
 T T P O N Friday laft, two of the Natives of this County, 
 Men of good Credit, came to my Houfe, and infor- 
 med me that Hugh Boy, Mr. Tirlagh, Mr. Henry O AW, 
 a Captain which came from Flanders about May laft, hath 
 fince that Time, had the chiefeft Part of his Refidence in 
 Tyrone, at or near Sir Phelim Oneil's Houfe, to which 
 Place it hath been obferved, there hath been more than 
 
 ordinary
 
 Duke of ORMONDE* 45 
 
 the Parliament, for the Intelligence of which 
 they did not appear to have made any Ule. 
 They ftill fuffer'd the Perfons whom they had 
 fo much Reafon to fufpecl:, to continue their 
 
 Interviews, 
 
 ordinary or former ufual Rcfort of People, fo frequent, 
 that it hath bred fome Sufpicion of evil Intendments in the 
 Minds of fundry Men of honeft Inclinations : And thefe 
 Gentlemen, my Authors do fay, that they do hold no good 
 Opinion of it, rather conftruing an evil Intention to be the 
 Caufe thereof. For my own Part, I cannot tell what to 
 make or think of it. 
 
 The Lord Magutre in all that Time, as they inform me 
 alfo, hath been noted to have very many private Journeys 
 to Dublin, to the Pale, into Tyrone, to Sir Phelim ONeaFs* 
 and many other Places this Year ; which likewife gives di- 
 vers of the Country caufe to doubt, that fomething is in 
 Agitation tending to no good Ends. 
 
 Upon Saturday laft, one of the fame Gentlemen came 
 to me again, and told me, that as he was going Home the 
 Day before, he fent his Footman a nearer Way than the 
 Horfe-way, who met with one of the Lord Inijkilling*$ 
 Footmen, and demanded of him, From whence he came ? 
 Who made Anfwer, faid you have made good Hafte to be 
 here fo foon : To which he anfwered, That he came from, 
 home that Morning ; and the other replying, That his Lord 
 came home late laftNight, and writ Letters all the Night, and 
 left not a Man in or about his Houfe, but he hath difpatch'd 
 them feveral Ways, and he hath fent me this Way toTirlagh 
 Oge, Mac Hugh, and others alfo, with Letters, charging 
 them to be with his Lordfliip this Night at his Houfe. 
 
 Of which Paflage I would have given your Honours 
 fooner Notice, but that I deemed it fit to be filent, in Ex- 
 pectation that a little Time would produce fome better 
 Ground to afford me more Matter to acquaint your Ho- 
 nours withal. 
 
 Whereupon, this Day I underftood by one Hugh Mac 
 Guire, That the laid Tirlagh Oge, Mac Hugh, Con Cm* 
 naught, Mac Shane, Mac Enabb, Mac Guire, and Oghie 
 O Hofey, reported themfslves to have been appointed Cap- 
 tains
 
 46 *tt>e LIFE of tie 
 
 Interviews, and to travel about upon Bufinefs 
 which was apparently of great Importance, and 
 probably dangerous, becaufe it was kept fecret. 
 They ftill fat at Eafe, in the full Enjoyment of 
 the Name of Governors, and of the Salaries, 
 which they took no Care to deferve, while the 
 Deftruction of the Kingdom committed to their 
 Care, the Subverlion of that Religion in which 
 
 they 
 
 tains by his Lordfhip to raife Men, and that he had the 
 Nomination of feven other Captains to do the like, for to 
 ferve under the King of Spain in Portugal ; and that one 
 of the faid Captains, namely the faid Con Connaght, enter- 
 tain'd twelve Men. 
 
 What Authority or Commiflion there is for this, is not 
 here known, but it makes fome of us, that are of the Bri- 
 tijk) to ftand in many Doubts and Opinions concerning the 
 fame ; and the rather, for that thofe three Men fo named 
 to be Captains, are broken Men in their Eftates and For- 
 tunes, two of them being his Lordfhip'e near Kinfmen j and 
 that if any Evil be intended, they are conceived apt Men 
 to embrace and help therein, as any of their Degrees in 
 this Country. 
 
 Thefe Matters feem the more ftrange unto me, for that 
 they are fo privately carried, and that upon Friday laft, I 
 heard Sir Frederick Hamilton fay, that the Colonels at 
 my laft. being in Dublin , were railing of their Men to go 
 for Spain, were fince flayed by Command out of England. 
 
 I have now therefore fent this Bearer, purpofely by thefe 
 to make known to your Lordfhips, what I have heard in 
 this Bufinefs, which I humbly leave unto yqur Honours 
 Ccnfideration, and defiringto know your Pleafures herein, 
 with Remembrance of my moft humble Service unto your 
 Lordfhips, I will end thefe, and be ever, 
 
 Tour Lordjkips in all Duty to be commanded^
 
 Dttke of ORMONDE. 47 
 
 they appeared fo zealous, and the Refumption 
 of the Lands which they had fo much Intereft 
 in retaining, was not only proje&ed, but open- 
 ly, though not profeffedly prepared. 
 
 This Lethargy continued till the twenty-fe- 
 cond of Oftober 1 641, in the Evening, when 
 Owen Connolly^ an IriJ/jrnan, of a good Family, 
 but a Proteftant, came to Sir William Parfons> 
 one of the Juftices, -and gave him an Account 
 with which a Governor not much celebrated 
 for Activity or Vigilance, might be awaken'd 
 to more than common Care, both of the Pub- 
 lick, and of Himfelf. He related, that Hugh 
 Oge y or the younger Mac Mabon, had found 
 him in the City at Six that Evening, and had 
 informed him, that a Rebellion was to be next 
 Mornirig begun by the Seizure of the City and 
 the Caftle. But though Conolly brought his In- 
 telligence, not from any accidental or uncertain 
 Rumour, but from the Grandfon to the memo* 
 rable Tyrone, from one of the Confpirators, who 
 came that Afternoon to Dubtin^ to afiift in the 
 Execution of the Defign, Parfons, who heard 
 this Narrative with fome Attention, but with- 
 out entire Credit, a&ed with fo little Prudence, 
 that he fent him away to Mac Mahon for a 
 more minute Account, inftead of arrefting Mac 
 Mahon upon Conolly\ Information. But recol- 
 lecting when Conolly was departed, that there 
 might be Truth, and confequently Danger, he 
 ordered the Conftablc of the Caftle to keep a 
 ftridt Watch upon the Gates, and fent Notice 
 to the Magiftrates of the City to encreafe their 
 
 Guard
 
 48 The LIFE of the 
 
 Guard. He then went to Sir John Borlace, 
 his Colleague, who refided at a Houfe with- 
 out the City, and related to him the Intelli- 
 gence which he had received. Borlace more 
 eafily alarmed than his Partner, was immedi- 
 ately much difordered by the Nearnefs of the 
 Danger, and the Lofs of the Informer ; and 
 immediately Search was made after Cono/fy, 
 and the Counfellors were fummoned, of whom 
 only two repaired to the Confultation. Conolly 
 in the mean time returned to Mac Mahon, who 
 from his Abfence had formed fome Sufpicion 
 of his Defign, which was probably encreafed 
 by other Circumftances ; and therefore when 
 he returned, obliged him to ftay with him 
 that Night. Conolly, whofe Bufinefs it was 
 not to appear difcompofed, fat down with him 
 to Wine till they were both fomewhat heated, 
 and then pretending a Neceffity of going down 
 into the Yard, efcaped from MacMabon's Ser- 
 vant, who had been fent to fecure him, 
 leaped over the Wall, and gained the Streets, 
 where, as the Watch were feizing him, fome 
 of thofe whom Parfons had feni: to find him, 
 conducted him to the Council. There he gave 
 an Account of the Lodgings of 'Macgulre and 
 Mac Mabon, upon which Guards were fet at a 
 diftance, who tool; them, and about thirty o- 
 thers of fmall Account, in the Morning ; but 
 Plunkef, and the other Confpirators made their. 
 Efcape over the River in the Night. 
 
 Sail more alarmed by the fecond Relation of 
 Ccnpl/y, which the Examination of Mac Mabon 
 
 in
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 49 
 
 in the Morning confirmed, the Juflices began 
 at laft to think it neceflary, that fome farther 
 Proviiion fhould be made for their Security; 
 and therefore next Morning committed the 
 Government of the City and Caftle to Sir Fran- 
 cis Willoughby, who had lately erected a Fort 
 at Galway with great Skill. He entered upon 
 his Foil with all the Alacrity of a brave Man, 
 actuated by immediate Danger ; and with all 
 the Vigilance which Experience incites in 
 Minds accuftomed to contend with Difficulties. 
 He knew the Importance of the Caftle, in 
 which was repofited a large Quantity of mili- 
 tary Stores, and therefore at once applied him- 
 felf to ftrengthe.n it with fuch Works, as the 
 Exigence permitted to be added, and laboured 
 in his Charge with fuch Diligence, that for 
 fourteen' Days he never refted otherwife than 
 on the Council Table. He had at firft no Sol- 
 diers, but two Hundred Men of his Regiment, 
 which had lately been difbanded at Carlijle^ 
 coming to Dublin in queft of Bread, he for- 
 med them into Companies, which with others 
 who fled to Dublin for Security, and were 
 drawn into a Regiment, ferved as a Garrifon till- 
 the Arrival of the Forces which were ordered 
 to repair thither from different Quarters. 
 
 But though the City was thus fecured from 
 the Mifchiers which were intended, the Dif- 
 covery of the Plot was too late to allow Time 
 to take Meafures for the Prefervation of the 
 open Country, in which the Infurreclion fpread 
 without Refiftance ; fo that Part of the King- 
 E dom
 
 50 The LIFE of the 
 
 dom was immediately made a Scene of Slaugh- 
 ter, and a Heap of Devaftation. The Englijh 
 lived mingled with the Natives, without Suf- 
 picion of Danger, and confequently, without 
 any Provifion againft it, and were overtaken 
 by the Rebellion, as by a Tempeft raifed in a 
 Moment : The lrifo, though many of them 
 muft be fuppofed to have had no Knowledge 
 of the Defign, were for the moft Part ealily 
 engaged in it. They generally confidered the 
 Englifh as Invaders and OpprefTors, who had 
 deprived them of their Lands, their Liberties, 
 and their Honour ; and who might therefore 
 be juftly difpofleffed whenever an Opportunity 
 mould be offer'd of employing againft them, 
 the Means to which they owed their Fortunes 
 and their Power. Among thofe who took up 
 Arms, it is likely, that many retained the Re- 
 membrance of the particular Claims of their 
 Families, and directed their Endeavours to- 
 wards the Recovery of particular Eftates. Such 
 Men would act with Zeal very different from 
 that which is incited only by general Patriotifm, 
 and as their Views were particular, their Re- 
 fentment would be perfonal ; they could only 
 expect the Repofleflion of 'their Eftates from 
 the Deftruction or Expuliion of thofe who had 
 obtained them; and as it was a more expedi- 
 tious, fo it was a more certain Method to de- 
 ftroy than to expel. The common People, 
 who had little Hopes of obtaining Eftates, had 
 at leaft nothing to hazard j they were fired with 
 the Remembrance of Contempt and Derifion j 
 
 they
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 51 
 
 they had general Views of mending their own 
 Condition with that of their Country, and were 
 at leaft certain of immediate Plunder, and of 
 greater Gains bySlaughtef andDepredationsthan 
 they had ever before been able to obtain ; and 
 to all thefe Motives was fuperinduced a religious 
 Fury, by which they perfwaded themfelves, 
 that while they were gratifying their Greedi- 
 nefs, or their Vengeance, they were promoting 
 the Caufe of Religion, and pleafing the Sove- 
 reign of the World, by the Extirpation of He* 
 refy. There is no Reafon for wondering that 
 the Concurrence of fo many Motives, each of 
 which might have been alone fufficient to have 
 excited a Rebellion, mould kindle this Infur- , 
 rection to an unufual Degree of Fury and Vio- 
 lence, Hope and Fear, Revenge and Ambition, 
 Avarice and Enthuliafm, all contributed to 
 raife, and to continue the Flame ; yet all are 
 inefficient to afford a rational Account of the 
 Cruelty which was every Day pracliied, or to 
 fet thofe who were engaged in this Scene of 
 Confufion free from the Imputation of unna- 
 tural and deteftable Barbarity j lince they com- 
 mitted a Thcufand Ac~is of fupernuous Villany, 
 embitter'd the Definition of their Enemies 
 with needlefs Tortures, and .deflroyed with 
 wanton and fportive Havock, thofe who could 
 not refill, and who had never offended them. 
 It was natural for the Inhabitants of unforti- 
 fied Places to apply themfelves in their Diftrefs, 
 to their Irfjb Neighbours, to implore their 
 Prote&ion, and commit what they thought 
 E 2 moft
 
 52 W* LIFE of the 
 
 moft in Danger to their Hands ; nor can it- be* 
 without Horror and Indignation related, that 
 thofe who were thus trufted, deftroyed their 
 Supplicants with their own Hands, or gave 
 them up to others, that they might be put to 
 Death. 
 
 The moft cruel, and moft furious, though 
 not the ableft Leader of this Rebellion, was 
 Sir Pbelim Oneil^ who began the Defign on 
 the twenty-fecond of Oftober, the Day appoint- 
 ed for the general Infurrection, by the Seizure 
 of the Caftle of Charlemont ; , a very important 
 Fort upon the Pafs of Blackwater. The Per- 
 fidy with which he transacted this firfl Part of 
 his Scheme, was a natural Prelude to the Bar- 
 barities which he praclifed in the Profecution 
 of it. He fent Word to the Lord Charlemont y 
 who was Governor of the Fortrefs, that he 
 would that Day be his Gueft, and an Enter- 
 tainment was accordingly provided, to which, 
 as was not uncommon in thofe Times, great 
 Numbers reforted, as to a general Feflival. 
 Lord Charlemo?2t had one Company of Soldiers 
 in his Garrifon, but they not fufpecting Dan- 
 ger, and being equally inclined with the Stran- 
 gers to pafs the Day in Plenty and Merriment, 
 laid afide their Arms, and mingled with the 
 Company. The Table was fpread, the Guefts 
 were gay, and all was Jollity and Civility, till 
 towards Evening Sir Phelim finding all his Ac- 
 complices entered, and all Danger of Refiftance 
 removed, feized upon Lord Cbarlemont^ and 
 his Family, while his Followers murdered or 
 
 fecur d
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 55 
 
 fecured the Soldiers, and took PofTefTion of the 
 Cattle. 
 
 On the fame Day many other Chieftains 
 raifed their Septs, and endeavoured to take 
 PofTeffion of the Towns in their Neighbour- 
 hood, at fome of which they fucceeded, and 
 at others were difappointed : They grew how- 
 ever every Day ftronger, as they were abfolute 
 Lords of all that was to be found in the open 
 Country, and had therefore fufficient Means 
 to. tempt the needy Peafants to join them. The 
 whole County of Cava?2 was reduced by Phi- 
 lip O Reify, and feven others by other Leaders, 
 in the firft Week, and Sir Phelim Oneil had ga- 
 ther 'd in the fame Time a Body of near thirty 
 Thoufand Men; which is a fufficient Proof of 
 the Readinefs of the Irifh to rebel. But is it 
 not likewife a reafonable Ground of Sufpicion, 
 that fince the Effect muft bear a natural Pro- 
 portion to the Caufe, they had received fome 
 general Provocations; that the Englijb had 
 forgotten that Modefty, with which difputed 
 Titles ought always to be enjoyed, and that 
 Kindnefs, with which Intruders, however 
 powerful, and however fupported, ought al- 
 ways to endeavour to recommend themfelves 
 to original Inhabitants ? 
 
 There is, however, a Diftinction always to 
 be made between Severity and Inhumanity : 
 If the Irifh thought themfelves opprefTed, and 
 to be reinftated in the Rights of Nature only 
 by the Sword, they might give many Argu- 
 ments, and mew many Precedents for Re- 
 E 3 co.urfe
 
 5 4 ?he LIFE of 
 
 courfe to it j but for the Butcheries which they 
 committed, without Refiftance, without Pro- 
 vocation, and without Advantage, Nothing can 
 be pleaded, at leaft Nothing but what may 
 ferve as an ExcufeVor any other Wickednefs ; 
 that they were heated in the Profecution 
 of their Deiign beyond Companion, and be- 
 yond Policy. It is apparent that the F.olr 
 lowers of Pbelim Oneil had in a mort Time 
 learned to take Pleafure in Cruelty, and not 
 only to murder thofe who fell into their Hands 
 without Reluctance, but with Merriment and 
 Delight ; and fo much had they heighten'd 
 their Barbarity, that if they happened to have 
 no Prifoners to deftroy, they would amufe 
 themfelves with feizing the Cattle, not to 
 drive them away or devour them, but to tor- 
 ture them, and would cut off the Legs of 
 Sheep or Oxen, and leave them to expire in 
 lingring Agonies. By this fhipid Cruelty, did 
 they deftroy great Numbers of the Cattle, 
 which the Death or Efcape of the Owners put 
 into their Hands 3 and by thefe Practices did 
 they in any Interval of human Mailacre keep 
 their Hearts from learning to relent. 
 
 Sir Pkelim was fo far from endeavouring to 
 reprefs this Rage of Cruelty, that he encoura- 
 ged it by his own Example ; for whenever he 
 was accidentally difcompofed, his Rage always 
 broke out in fome horrible and ufelefs Act of 
 Cruelty, At one Time he ordered the Lord 
 Charlemont^ whom he had feized at Ckarlemont, 
 to be fhot ; at another he mafikcred great Num- 
 bers
 
 Duke of ORMONDE: 55 
 
 bers whom he had received under his own 
 Hand to quarter ; and was every Day inciting 
 himfelf and his Followers to new Forms of 
 Barbarity, and accumulating one Murder upon 
 another. 
 
 The Accounts which have been generally 
 received of this horrid MaiTacre, are in many 
 Circumstances very remote from Truth: 
 It is afferted, that at leaft one hundred and fifty 
 thoufand Englijh were deftroyed ; and to ag- 
 gravate the Horror, it is added, that they were 
 all butchered in one Day ; but it is certain, 
 that there was no particular Day remarkable 
 for Blood-fhed, and it is probable, that the 
 Numbers maffacred did not exceed thirty-feven. 
 thoufand, a dreadful Slaughter, which furely 
 needs not to be made more deteflable by any 
 exaggerations. 
 
 To trace the Progrefs of this Rebellion, 
 from County to County, and to mew how one 
 City was taken after another, and all Parts of 
 the Kingdom fucceffively laid wafte, is not ne- 
 ceflary to the prefent Defign j but it is always 
 proper in relating Calamities, to mention like- 
 wife the heft Manner of obviating or efcaping 
 them j and therefore it is the Duty of an Hif- 
 torian to obferve, that the Rebellion rofe to its 
 Height, and became irreiiftable, not by the 
 Valour or Policy of the Irijh, but by the Im- 
 prudence or Cowardice of thofe whom they 
 invaded. The Rebels had indeed in a fhort 
 Time raifed great Numbers, but they were 
 without Arms } and therefore, if the Englijh, 
 E 4 inflead
 
 56 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 inftead of endeavouring to provide every Man 
 for his own private Security, had unanimoufly 
 aflembled in large Bodies, and oppofed their 
 Enemies in the Field, they might eafily, as 
 they wanted no.t Weapons, among them, have 
 diiperfed a naked and tumultuary Rabble, which 
 could not be armed but by Degrees, with the 
 Weapons which their Plunder furnimed, and 
 who without Arms could only diftrefs and em- 
 barafs one another. 
 
 , That this Method would have been fuccefs- 
 ful, appeared from the Confequence of Refift- 
 ance wherever it was made j for at the Begin- 
 ning of the Commotions, when any Gentle- 
 man, either bred to Arms, or incited by his 
 natural Courage to difpute his Fortune and his 
 Life, was able to collecl: a fmall Party, and to 
 make a Stand againft the Irijk, he fcarcely 
 ever failed of defeating them, and preferving 
 himfelf and his Neighbours j till partly by Ra- 
 vages, and partly by Purchafe in other Coun- 
 tries, the Irifo had provided themfelves with 
 Weapons, and by frequent Encounters with 
 inferior Numbers had been taught to ufe them 
 with Skill and Confidence. 
 
 Of this the Earl of Ormonde was fo much 
 convinced, that having about this Time re- 
 ceived a Commiffion to be Lieutenant- Gene- 
 ral * of the King's Forces, he made an Offer 
 
 to 
 
 * ORMONDE, 
 
 TpH O U G H I am forry for this Occafion I have to fend 
 * unto you, which is the fudden and unexpected Rebel-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 57 
 
 to the Lords Juftices, to march againft them 
 with fix Troops of Horfe, and two thoufand 
 five hundred Foot, with which he made no 
 doubt of defeating and difperfing them, if they 
 were attacked without Delay, before they had 
 gathered any Cavalry, or had Time to furnifh 
 themfelves with Arms. 
 
 The Lords Juftices, Sir William Parfons, and 
 Sir John Berlace were Men of low Extraction, 
 and of narrow Views j and Parfons, who was 
 the chief A&or, infatiably avaricious, and like- 
 ly to propofe to himfelf great Advantages from 
 forfeited Eflates. They were likewife Men of 
 puritanical Principles, who thought they could 
 never mew themfelves fufficiently abhorrent of 
 Papifts, and with whom Popery was of itfelf 
 a Crime black enough to efface any Merit. 
 Thefe Men were at firfl timorous, and 
 fuffered the Rebellion to advance, becaufe they 
 
 durft 
 
 lion of a great and considerable Part of Ireland; yet I am 
 glad to have fo faithful and able a Servant as you are, to 
 whom I may freely and confidently write in fo important a 
 Bufinefs. This is therefore to defire you to accept of that 
 Charge over this, which you lately had over the formerAr- 
 mie ; the which, though you may have fome Reafon to 
 excufe, fas not being fo well acquainted with this Lord- 
 Lieutenant, as you was with the laft) yet I am confident, 
 that my Defire, and the Importance of the Bufinefs, will 
 eafily overcome that Difficultie ; which layed afide for my 
 Sake, I fhall accept as a great renewed Teftimonie of that 
 Affection, which I know you have to my Service. 
 
 So referring what I have elfe to fay to Captain Weemes 
 Relation, I reft 
 
 Tcur mojl ajfured Fricna, 
 
 fdenborougb, 31*1 of rH JP r F s i? 
 
 1641. CHARLES R.
 
 58 "The LIFE of tie 
 
 durft not attempt to oppofe it, and were after- 
 wards infolent when they had received Affift- 
 ance, and ordered the War to be profecuted 
 with unneceffary Severity ; which gave many 
 of thofe, who had by the Cruelty of the firft 
 Rebels been alienated from them, Reafon to 
 enter into Alliance with them, as thofe whom 
 they leafl abhorred, of two Parties, of which 
 neither could be loved. They had given Inti- 
 mations, that they intended the Extirpation 
 of all the Rcmanifts, whether guilty or innocent 
 of the Rebellion ; and therefore, many who 
 would have chofen the fafeft Meafures, thought 
 it prudent, to hinder by Arms that Ruin from 
 which they conceived themfelves not fecured 
 by Peace and Integrity. This was not the ut- 
 mofl of the Folly of thefe Wretches, who were 
 trufted in this Time of Danger with the Go- 
 vernment of a Kingdom ; for when many of 
 the Romi/h Lords repaired to Dublin, with 
 Offers of their Advice and Affiftance, for the 
 Suppreflion of the Rebellion, they neglected 
 and difgufted them, and afterwards forced them 
 out of the City, by a Proclamation, to their 
 own Houfes, where they were neceffitated to 
 preferve themfelves from immediate Deftruc- 
 tion, byfuch Correfpondence with the Rebels, 
 ,as though not criminal in itfelf - y becaufe not 
 to be avoided, was yet by the Law punifhable, 
 as Treafon. From their Houfes., after they 
 had continued there fome Time, they called 
 them back, under Pretence of afking that Ad- 
 vice which hnd been before rejected -, but ha- 
 ving
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 59 
 
 ving in the mean time given Reafon for Sufpi- 
 cion, that they defigned to deftroy all thofe 
 who were net Proteftants, and by the Violence 
 and Cruelty of fome illegal Proceedings fhewn, 
 that there was little Hopes of Forbearance, or 
 even of a regular Trial, for thofe whofe Ruin 
 mould happen to be deligned, they were fo 
 much diflrufted by the Popi/h Lords, that their 
 Summons was rejected, and an Anfwer was 
 returned by the Lords, that they had Reafon 
 to fufpect a Defign againft their Perfons, and 
 were therefore determined to ftand upon their 
 Guard. From refufing to obey they foon 
 learned to oppofe ; nor was it reasonable to ex- 
 pect them long to forbear attacking thofe, by 
 whom they thought their Lives intended to be 
 taken away. They were foon perfwaded to 
 join thefe Rebels, whom at firft they dreaded 
 and abhorred j and by their Example a regular 
 AiTociation was at laift formed by the Papifts, 
 for the Eftablifhment of their Religion, and a 
 Form of Government was inflituted for the 
 temporary Determination of Claims, and Dif- 
 tribution of Juftice. 
 
 The Lords Juftices foon took care to pro- 
 claim the Lords Traytors, and to order Inqui- 
 litions to be made after their Eftates, which 
 they did with fo much Precipitation, that they 
 hardly allowed them Time to fubject themr 
 felves to Forfeiture by any Act of Rebellion. 
 But they were not equally diligent in fuppref- 
 iing the Rebellion, as in gathering the Plunder 
 which it afforded ; for though their, Decrees 
 
 were
 
 60 The LIFE of the 
 
 were vehement and hafty, their military Re- 
 folutions were dilatory and weak. They {hew'd 
 at once their Cruelty and their Cowardice, or 
 their Unwillingnels to extinguih the Rebel- 
 lion, by ordering the Earl of Ormonde to burn 
 the Houfes, and wafte the Eftates, not only of 
 the Rebels, but of thofe who harboured them, 
 and to put to death all the Men that mould 
 be found in them able to bear Arms ; and for- 
 bidding him to purfue beyond a certain Di- 
 ftance. The Orders of Severity he execu- 
 ted fparingly, and finding the Rebels flying 
 before him, and difperfed at his Approach, he 
 wrote for Permiflion to purfue them into the 
 remoter Parts, before they mould have Time 
 to reaffemble their Forces, or to recover from 
 their Panic. Thefe Requefts for the Enlarge- 
 ment of his Instructions were renewed feveral 
 Times, upon the Difcovery of new Advanta- 
 
 Jes ; but the Folly, or the Wickednefs of the 
 uftices was unconquerable, they not only re- 
 peated their Orders for his Return, but enfor- 
 ced them, by fending him no Neceflaries for 
 his Troops. 
 
 The Reftraint put upon the General was 
 not the only one by which they prolonged the 
 War ; for when the Lords, whom they had 
 firft frightened into a Conjunction with the Re- 
 bels offered Submiffion, they imprifoned the 
 Meffenger, and refufed an Anfwer; This, 
 with an Expedient contrived for raifmg Money 
 by the Appropriation of forfeited Lands, drove 
 all thofe to Defpair, who had involved them- 
 
 felves
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 6* 
 
 felves in Danger, by any illegal Actions, which 
 in that State of the Country and of the Law, 
 were not always to be avoided by Men of the 
 greateft Circumfpection and Virtue; and there- 
 fore the Lords who would willingly have fub- 
 mitted, if Submiffion would have conferred 
 any Security, were directed now by the Go- 
 vernment to the Extremities of War, fince by 
 Victory they might regain their Fortunes,whicn 
 they could not leiTen by fuffering a Defeat. 
 
 Thus, by the Imprudence or deteftable Po- 
 licy of the Government, was a very numerous 
 Army, headed by Men of high Spirit, whofe 
 ancient Extractor, in a Country ufed to look 
 with the greateft Regard upon noble Birth, gave 
 them a Right to unbounded Authority, driven 
 to Defperation, and a War, which at its Begin- 
 ning was Rebellion and Butchery, was by thofe 
 againft whom it was levied, dignified in its 
 Progrefs, and began to appear in the Eyes of 
 fome as neceflary, fince they could not hope 
 to live by any other Expedient, and by others 
 as holy, fince they were threatened to be ex- 
 tirpated on Account of their Religion : When 
 Men can once be perfwaded that their Actions 
 are juft, they execute them with Confidence, 
 and when they think them neceflary, they di- 
 rect all their Powers to their Completion ; the 
 Governors of Ireland had therefore taken very 
 effectual Meafures to make the Rebels formi- 
 dable, and were foon able to difcern the Ef- 
 fects of their Meafures ; for the Enemies daily 
 gathered new Strength, and though they were 
 
 yet
 
 62 Tte LIFE of tie 
 
 yet not much acquainted with War, were eve- 
 ry Hour making Improvements, fometimes by 
 Succefs, and fometimes by Defeats, which of- 
 ten afford better Inftruction. 
 
 Of a total Overthrow they were in no dan- 
 ger, becaufe they were fcatter'd over the Coun- 
 try in very fmall Parties ; yet almoft every 
 where more numerous than the Troops by 
 which they were oppofed j and therefore the 
 ill Succefs of an Action was of no great Impor- 
 tance; becaufe its Confequence extended but to 
 the Diftrict in which it happened, and becaufe 
 their Numbers were eafily repaired. 
 
 But the frequent Viciffitudes of the Wai- 
 gave very little Difturbance to the Juftices, who 
 making no doubt but that the Papifts mufl at 
 laft be conquered, feem'd to think the Diffu- 
 fion of the Rebellion no Inconvenience, be- 
 caufe more Eftates would be forfeited, as greater 
 Numbers fhould be engaged in it: This feems 
 to have been, if not their firft and leading Sen- 
 timent, yet always a collateral and concurrent 
 Notion, and this hateful Scheme of enlarging 
 Guilt to extend Punifhment, muft make them 
 always act faintly in any military Attempts, in 
 which they fcarcely ever concurred, without 
 apparent Defigns of retraining their Effecls -, 
 nor could it efcape Notice, with what Violence 
 they purfued every Propofal which had a Ten- 
 dency to inflame the Nation, to make the De- 
 vaftations of War univerfal, and to cut off all 
 Hope of Mercy or Accommodation. 
 
 In the Midft of this Aflemblage of Miferies 
 
 the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 the Earl of Ormonde continued to ferve the 
 King with all the Zeal that Bravery and Fide- 
 lity could infpire, though not with the Succefs 
 which might have been expected from him, 
 had he been at Liberty to form his own 
 Meafures, and to lay hold on thofe Advanta- 
 ges which, whenever his own Diligence had pro- 
 cured them, the Delays of thejuftices compel- 
 led him to lofe ; and in the mean time he was 
 forced to ftruggle with numberlefs Calumnies, 
 which his Loyalty to the King probably drew 
 upon him; for at this Time the prevailing 
 Party in England began to fet their Sovereign at 
 open Defiance, and to charge him amongft 
 other Attempts againil the Confdtution and 
 Religion of the Nation, with the Crime of ha- 
 ving encouraged the Rebellion and MafTacre 
 of Ireland. 
 
 The Lords Juftices among other Acts of 
 Cruelty, had, on this Occafion, Recourfe to the 
 moft mocking Practice of Tyranny, and when 
 they were in Hopes of any Difcovery, frequent- 
 ly examined thofe whom they had feized on 
 the Rack : One of the Queftions which was 
 required to be anfwered in the Torture was, 
 whether the King had commanded or encou- 
 raged the Rebellion. Sir Phetim Oneile had 
 indeed, by forging a Commiffion in the King's 
 Name, and affixing to it the Great Seal, which 
 he tore from a Writing at Charkmont, given 
 the Enemies of the King occafion to reprefent 
 him to fuch as were willing to believe any 
 thing, that might make him odious to the 
 
 People,
 
 64 The LIFE of the 
 
 People, * as a Favourer of the Defign to extir- 
 pate the Proteftants -, but the Improbability of 
 theAccufation, made it fufficiently contemptible 
 among impartial Men, and the King's own 
 Conduit, was an hourly Confutation ; and it 
 therefore .(hewed the utmoft Degree of Malig- 
 nity in them, who examined only by his Au- 
 thority, to make fuch Enquiries as could have 
 no other Effect than to withdraw the Affection 
 of his People from him. 
 
 The Earl of Ormonde having defeated the 
 Rebels at Kilrujh, and diflinguifhed himfelf 
 by many other Actions as a General and a Sub- 
 ject, the King, fince his Affairs were at that 
 Time in fuch a Situation that he had nothing 
 but Honours to beftow, thought it proper to 
 diftinguifh him by a higher Titles and there- 
 fore 
 
 * The Account given by Mr. CARTE in his Hijlory of the 
 Duke of Ormonde, fa fully vindicates King Charles from 
 this horrid Accujation^ that it cannot be omitted^ without 
 neglecJing to do juftice to Truth and Innocence. 
 
 How he (Sir Phelim) came by the Broad-Seal, is ex- 
 plained in the Depofition of Dr. John Ker^ late Dean of 
 Ardivagh^ who was prefent at Sir Phdim OneiTs Trial and 
 Execution. Sir Phelim appeared in the Court, with a 
 vifible Remorfe for the Blood he had fhed in the Rebel- 
 lion, aiftl aDefire of warning away the Guilt of his former 
 Crimes by Repentance. He was tried in the Chancery 
 Court of Dublin^ where the Judges faf , and were directed 
 what Queftions they (hould aft by a Committee who plant- 
 ed themfelves in an adjoining Room called the Chancery- 
 Chamber. A Communication was kept between this Com- 
 mittee and the Judges, by means of a Meflenger who 
 went conftantly between them, relating to the Committee 
 
 all
 
 Duke of ORMONDE; 65 
 
 fore in 1642, created him Marquis of Ormonde. 
 About the fame Time a Controverfy between 
 him and the Earl of Le icefter, then Lord Lieu- 
 tenant, was decided in fuch a Manner, as gave 
 him Power to difpofe while the Lord Lieute- 
 nant was abfent, of all the Pofts that fhould 
 become vacant in the Army, by which his In- 
 tereft was encreafed, and his Authority confir- 
 med ; as the Soldiers had no Means of obtain- 
 ing Preferment, but by gaining the Approba- 
 tion of their General, 
 
 F But 
 
 all Proceedings that pafled in Court, and bringing from 
 them Inftru&ions to the Judges on every Occafion, fpeak- 
 ing to them through a fquare Hole in the Wall. The 
 Trial was drawn out into a Length of feveral Days, in 
 hopes that the Criminal might in that Time be wrought 
 upon to fave his Life, by blackening the Memory of the 
 late King. On the firft Day, he was afked by the Court, 
 If he had not a Commiffion from Charles Stuart {fo they 
 called the deceafed King) for levying war ? To which he 
 aufwcred pofitively, That he nevr had any fuch CommiJJion. 
 But it being proved, that he had (hewed fuch a Commiifion 
 to fome Perfons then in Court, Sir Phelim confefs'd, that 
 when he furprized the Caftle of Charlemont, he found there 
 a Patent of Lord Cauljfekl's, from which he ordered Mr. 
 Harrlfon^ another Gentleman, to cut off the King's Broad 
 Seal, and affix it to a Commiflion, which he had ordered 
 to be drawn up. Mr. Harrifon being then prcfent, did, 
 in the Face of the whole Court confrfs, that purfuant to 
 the faid Order, he ftitched the Silk Cord or Label of that 
 Seal, with Silk of the Colours of the Label, and then fix'd 
 the Label and Seal to the faid Commiflion. Sir Phflim 
 being afked the Reafon, Why he thus deceived the People? 
 replied, That he did it to promote the Caufe in which he 
 was engaged ; and for fuch aPurpofe all means whatfoever 
 were extufrblc in Policy. On the ftcond Day, he wa 
 
 told
 
 65 TZe LIFE of tie 
 
 But this new Dignity confer ed no Strength^ 
 and he was only expofed to the Mortification 
 of feeing himfelf unable to return the Regard 
 which had been (hewn him by his Mailer, 
 by any important Service, which he had every 
 Day lefs Hopes of effecting, as the Parliament 
 declared more openly againfl the King. Some 
 Forces were indeed fent, but under Command- 
 ers, who rather hinder'd than promoted the 
 Subjection of the Rebels 5 for, by plundering 
 all indifcriminately, they weakened thofe moft, 
 
 who 
 
 told by fome of the Judges, That if he could produce any 
 material Proof, that he had fuch a Commiflion, and would 
 pronounce it before Sentence fhould pafs againft him, he 
 fhould be reftored to his Eflate and Liberty. Sir Phelim 
 anfwered, That he had no fuch Proof: yet they gave him 
 Time to confider of this Propofal to the next Day, which 
 \vas the laft of his Trial. Sir Phelim being then brought 
 again before the Court, and urged, as before, to produce 
 his Proof, gave the fame Anfvver, That he had none j and 
 went on to exprefs hisRemorfe for the Outrages committed 
 in the Management of the War ; declaring, that he could 
 not in Confcience add to them the uniuft calumniating of 
 the King, though he had been frequently folicited thereto, 
 by fair Promifes and great Rewards, while he was in Pri- 
 fon. He was proceeding in this Courfe, but was inter- 
 rupted in the Midft of it, and Sentence of Death was pro- 
 nounced againft him. At his Execution, when he was up- 
 on the Ladder, one Peake, and another Provoft Marfhal, 
 came riding in great Hafte towards the Place, and calling 
 aloud to the Executioner to ftop a little, made their Way 
 through the Throng of Spectators and Guards, till they got 
 to Sir Phelim^ to whom one of them whifpered for a good 
 while. Upon which Sir Phelim anfwered aloud, in the 
 Hearing of feveral Hundreds of People, (of whom, the De- 
 ponent was one) " I thank the Lieutenant-General for his 
 
 *' intended
 
 Duke of ORMONDE^ 
 
 who were leaft able to bear new Lofies ; by 
 difregarding all thofe who acled by the King's 
 Authority, they deftroyed the Union which 
 was neceflary to Succefs, and by treating the 
 whole Kingdom with unreafonable Severity, 
 they encouraged the Opinion, that nothing 
 lefs than Extirpation was intended ; and there- 
 fore, added to the Ardour of Refentment, the 
 F 2 Fury 
 
 intended Mercy ; but I declare, good People, before 
 God and his holy Angels, and all of you that hear me, 
 that I never had any Commiflion from the King for 
 what I have done in the levying or Profecution of this 
 War, and do heartily beg your Prayers, all good Ca- 
 " tholicks, that God may be merciful unto me, and for- 
 c give my Sins." Such was the End which Sir Phelim 
 Oneil made, with greater Refolution than thofe who tempt- 
 ed him to fo black a Villainy expected, or than himfelf had 
 fhewn in any Part of his Life. Dr. William Sheridan, for- 
 merly Bifhop of Kilmore^ and the late Mr. Lock, a very 
 worthy Man, and well known in Ireland by the Name of 
 Father Locke, as fome younger Members, that fat with 
 him in the Houfe of Commons there, ufed to flile him, 
 were prefent at the fame Time, and have to many Gentle- 
 men now living, confirmed the Truth of Dean Ker's Re- 
 lation; to whichNothing can be added, unlefs, to gratify the 
 Reader's Curiofity, it is obferved, that the Lieutenant-Ge- 
 neral therein mentioned, was Ludlow, the Regicide, who, 
 after having figned his Hand to the Murther of the King's 
 Perfon, was defirous to aflaflinate him again in his Memo- 
 ry ; andthat the very Patent which from the Great Seal was 
 torn, and which contained a Grant of fame Lands in the 
 County of Tyrone^ was about five or fix Years ago, in a 
 Suit of Law in relation to thofe Lands, produced at the 
 Affizes of Tyrone^ by the late Lord Cbarlemont, having on 
 it evident Marks of the Seal's being torn from it, and an 
 Endoi fement proving the Fact j and was allowed by the 
 Judges, as a proper Evidence to prove 'his Lordfliip's 
 Right to the Lands in queftion,
 
 6$ Tt>e LIFE of tfa 
 
 Fury of Defpair. The Marquis was retrained 
 in the Execution of his Powers, by Directions 
 from the Juftices, unfeafonably, and ofFenfively 
 circumftantial, and was fo much perplexed 
 with Diftruft and Mifreprefentation, that no- 
 thing prevented his Resignation of his Com- 
 mand, but the certain Knowledge that he 
 fhould be fucceeded by fome one not equally 
 anxious to promote the Advantage, and defend 
 the Honour of the King. 
 
 Thefe Difcouragements were now likely to 
 grow every Day greater, for the Parliament 
 had now entered into an open War againft the 
 King j and therefore, as there was very little 
 Hope that the Englifo Forces, acting under 
 oppofite Authorities, would confider each other 
 any longer, as Friends, the General was thence- 
 forth to flruggle not only with the Irtjh, 
 but with Seditious Mutineers in thofe Forces 
 . which he was expected to command. 
 
 To encreafe the Labour of his Pofl, th 
 Irijb t at this Time, received great Reinforce^ 
 ments. Owen Oneil and Thomas Pre/lon, who 
 had long diftinguimed themfelves in foreign 
 Service, brought over a great Quantity of war- 
 like Stores, and prevailed upon a Multitude of 
 Officers to accompany them, and therefore, the 
 EngKjh were no longer likely to have only a 
 wild, naked, and undifciplined Rabble to en- 
 counter, for they had now Cannon both for the 
 Field, and for Battery, and Arms of every 
 Kind, with Officers, who could inftrudt them 
 in their Ufe : they had now Me a among them 
 
 {killed
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 69 
 
 /killed in Fortification, and qualified to attack 
 and defend a ftrong Place, and to compleat 
 their Profperity, the Number and Strength of 
 the Ships which brought their Supplies, made 
 them, for fome Time, Matters of the Sea. 
 
 The Papifts being now in PofTeffion of the 
 greateft Part of the Kingdom, thought it necef- 
 lary to form a Plan of temporary Government, 
 till the Peace of the Country mould be final- 
 ly fettled; they therefore fummoned a Con- 
 vention of Deputies, from all Parts of the 
 Kingdom, which they took Care to diftin- 
 guifh from a Parliament, by declaring, that it 
 was only a Meeting enforced by the Neceflity 
 of concerting Mealures for their own Security j 
 and that their Determinations were to bind no 
 longer than till a Parliament mould be legally 
 called. This Aflembly was formed in the 
 Manner of a Parliament, one Houfe confiding 
 of the Lords and Bifhops, and the other of 
 the Deputies of Boroughs and Counties. The 
 Clergy had likewife their Houfe of Convoca- 
 tion ; but, as they feemed too much to infift 
 upon the Restitution of their ancient Eftates, 
 they did not obtain much Influence upon the 
 Reft of theAffembly. 
 
 For the more expeditious and eafy Diftribu- 
 tion of Juftice, they eftablifhed ProvincialCoun* 
 cils, confifting of two Deputies from each 
 County, and Councils for Counties compofed 
 of Representatives chofen by the People : the 
 County Courts had the Determination of all 
 civil and criminal Caufes ; but there might an 
 F 3 Appeal
 
 70 TZe LIFE of tie 
 
 Appeal be made to the Provincial Council, 
 and from thence to the General Council af- 
 fembled at Kilkenny, where twelve Counfellors 
 were to be always reiident. In this Council 
 was placed the fupreme Power of the Kingdom, 
 they were to ifliie Orders to the Generals, and 
 to receive regularly from them an Account of 
 their Conduct, their Schemes, and their Suc- 
 cefs ; and all the Decrees of the Council were 
 to be confidered as Laws, till they were abro- 
 gated by the General AfTembly. 
 
 While the General ArTembly was fitting, 
 the Lords Juflices had called a Parliament, in 
 which they appeared only defirous to make the 
 Rebellion general, and to inflame the Papiirs 
 to greater Degrees of Violence, by new Seve- 
 rities ; for they projected new Penalties, and 
 endeavoured to find Expedients for battening 
 the Difpatch of the Bills, "which, at fuch a 
 Time, could be of no other Effect,, than to 
 fpread univerfal Calamity over all the Ifland. A 
 thoufand Acts of needlefs Cruelty were practi- 
 fed, and innumerable Opportunities of recon- 
 ciling their Enemies obftinately rejected. They 
 thought the Marquis of Ormonde blameable for 
 granting Protections to fome, who had lived 
 in an innofFenfive Obedience to the Govern- 
 ment, and receiving the Submifiions of others, 
 who had offered to return to their Allegiance j 
 and by thefe Rules of Government, apparent- 
 ly ftrengthened the Papifts, fince they forced 
 many, who would have been willing to live 
 as Friends, to take Shelter aine.ng the Enemies, 
 
 but
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 71 
 
 but fuffered none, whom they had once conii- 
 dered as an Enemy, to return again to the 
 Condition of a Friend. 
 
 The Army, in the mean time, by which 
 thefe Laws were to be enforced, was difcontent- 
 in the higheft Degree, having no Pay, no 
 Cloaths, and no Provifions ; and therefore the 
 Officers were ready to refign their Commif- 
 fions, and the Soldiers to defert the Service^ 
 Thefe Miferies, which were the Subjects of 
 hourly Complaints, the Juftices either wanted 
 Inclination, or, which is more probable, Power 
 to redrefs, there being then very little Money 
 In the Treafury, and the Papiils being Maf- 
 ters of the open Country, and levying 
 Taxes for the Support of their Troops, and 
 the Procurement of Arms and Ammunition, 
 The Officers finding no Redrefs from the Me- 
 thods which they had hitherto tried, refolved 
 to fend an Agent to reprefent their Condition 
 to the King, but they could not procure a Pais 
 for that Purpofe, the Juftices being fo unwil- 
 ling that any Information mould be given to 
 the King, that they kid, for fome Time, an 
 Embargo upon the Shipping, to flop the Met- 
 fenger: this equally difgufted and oppreiTcd 
 the Army, and the Merchants; the Em- 
 bargo was foon countermanded, as a Grievance 
 not to be fupported, and the Agent found 
 Means to carry the Reprefentation to the King, 
 but without any other Advantage than the Sa- 
 tisfaction of a kind Reception, and Promifes 
 that they ihcuid receive Affiflance, whenever 
 F 4 it
 
 72 The LIFE of tie 
 
 it mould be in the Power of their King t<* 
 grant it. 
 
 . It was, however, necefiary to fend the Ar- 
 my into the Field, and an Expedition was in- 
 tended Tor the Conqueft of Rofs and Wexfcrd. 
 The Marquis of Ormonde fet out therefore with 
 his Forces, and came before Rofs on the 1 2th 
 of March 1643, and would foon have been 
 able to take it, being at firft but weakly 
 garrifon'd, had not the Juftices neglecled to 
 fend him, not only Ammunition, but Victuals 
 for his Soldiers, all which being to be tranfport- 
 ed by Sea, were fo negligently provided, that 
 the Wind, which was for many Days fa- 
 vourable, altered before the Veflel was ready 
 for the Voyage, and the Army, inftead of an- 
 noying the Enemy, had no Care fo preffing, 
 as that of procuring Bread, which was fent, in 
 a very little Quantity from the Garrifon of 
 Duncannon. 
 
 Having no Provifions, and being unable to 
 lye before a Town well provided, they firft 
 refolved upon an Attack, which was made 
 without Succefs, though with no great Lofs; 
 but there was no Time for enlarging the 
 Breach, or proceeding by more flow and cer- 
 tain Methods ; for Prejlon had now gathered 
 an Army of fix thoufana Foot, and fix hundred 
 and fifty Ilorfe, and by having PoiTeffion of 
 the Country, cut off the Foragers, and redu- 
 ced the Befiegers to the Neceiiity of abandon- 
 ing their Defign, or of ilarving in their Camp. 
 A Council was called in this Exigence, by 
 
 which
 
 Duke of ORMONDE.' 73 
 
 which it was foon determined to come to an 
 Engagement, for there was indeed nothing 
 elfe in their Power ; and therefore, the Army 
 was immediately drawn off from before the 
 Place, and marched againft the Enemy, who 
 determining to give them Battle, waited for 
 the Attack. The Battle lafted not long before 
 Preftan's Troops gave way, and fled ftrft to a 
 Bog, and then over the Barrow, where he 
 broke down the Bridge behind him, and left 
 the Marquis to fuppry himfelf with Neceffa- 
 ries from the Country, which was now wholly 
 at his Mercy. 
 
 But the Diftrefs and Poverty of the Army 
 was the fame after the Victory as before it, for 
 though the Country, which was now open to 
 them, furnifhed them with Provifion for their 
 Retreat, yet being naked and exhaufted, it 
 could not fupply any Stores for a longer Sup- 
 port, and therefore they returned to Dublin, 
 where they found the fame Diftrefs, and where 
 they were again to reprefent, to remonftrate, 
 to petition, and to ftarve. 
 
 The Juftices were frill unwilling that the 
 King mould receive any Information of the 
 State of the Nation, or of the Army; and 
 therefore, the Marquis of Ormonde, who was 
 not equally inclined to make his Sovereign 
 contemptible, fent without their Concurrence, 
 fuch a Narrative as was concerted by him 
 with feveral of the Privy Council. This, with 
 other Accounts, which had been transmitted, 
 had fuch an Eftedt, that Sir William Parfcus 
 
 was
 
 74 TZe LIFE of tie 
 
 was at length removed from his Foil of Lord 
 Juftice, and was fucceeded by Sir Henry Tich- 
 burne^ who had more Affe&ion for the^King's 
 Service. 
 
 But the Change of one of the Governors, 
 though it might fet the Marquis free from fome 
 Embarraffments, could contribute very little to 
 the Support of the Army, whofe Neceffities 
 grew every Day more preffing, and whofe 
 Hopes of Relief became more diftant, for the 
 Papifts enlarged their Quarters on every Side, 
 and the Imprudence of fome Officers, and the 
 Barbarity or others, by whom the Proteftants 
 were commanded, was fuch, that they were 
 perpetually encreaiing that Hatred, which 
 among Bigots was naturally raifed by the Im- 
 putation of Herefy, and difpofed Multitudes to 
 rife againft them, who had of themfelves no 
 Inclination to War or Neceffity of living by 
 Plunder. 
 
 Diftrefs thus hourly encreafmg, and the E- 
 nemy, though they were often driven out of 
 the Field, yet returning to it with greater 
 Numbers, it was at length thought convenient 
 by the King, that a Ceffation of Arms mould 
 be propofed, and a Commiiilon to treat was 
 fent to the Marquis of Ormonde, who thought 
 it neceffary, but knew not how to fet it on 
 foot, without Inconvenience or Disgrace to 
 his Sovereign. It was neceffary to the King's 
 Honour, that the firfl Offer fliould be made 
 by the Rebels ; and it was likewife proper that 
 the Council mould own in fome iblemn Man^- 
 
 ner,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 75 
 
 ner, their Conviction of the Impracticability of 
 eftablifhing the Peace of the Kingdom by any 
 other Means. In order to procure the firft O- 
 vertures from the Irijb y Agents were employed 
 who after long Deliberation, prevailed upon 
 them to propofe a CelTation for twelve Months; 
 and that the Juftices might have no Pretences 
 that a Negotiation of fuch Importance was fet 
 on foot, either without their Concurrence, or 
 in Oppofition to their Advice, the Marquis 
 firft demanded in a full Council, whether any 
 Man could offer a Propofal more honourable 
 for the King, or more advantageous to the Na- 
 tion than that of a Cenation. None had any 
 thing to offer, or could give Information of any 
 Meafures that had a probable Appearance of 
 Succefs ; and therefore a Ceffation was necefla- 
 rily to be admitted, as the only Refource then 
 remaining. The Marquis was willing however, 
 that no PorTibility of a Sufpicion mould be 
 left, that might fubject this Part of his Con- 
 duct to the Imputation of Cowardice, or In- 
 clination to gratify the Rebels by Conceffions 
 which might have been avoided j and there- 
 fore, to put a Stop for ever to all fuch Infinu- 
 ations, he made an Offer, that if the Juftices 
 and Council, who were beft acquainted with 
 the Condition of the State, could procure only 
 ten thoufand Pounds, Half in Money, and 
 Half in Victuals, he would flill profecute the 
 War, and endeavour to enlarge his Quarters. 
 Upon this Propofai, the Mayor of Dublin, and 
 fome of the moft wealthy of the Citizens, 
 
 were
 
 76 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 were required to attend, and confulted by what 
 Means fuch a Supply might be procured j but 
 they declared their Opinion, that ro fuch Levy 
 could be made, and that the Country was too 
 much exhaufted to be able to give any farther 
 Affiftance for its own Prefervation. The Mar- 
 quis was therefore at full Liberty to purfue his 
 own Meafures, and proceed to negotiate a 
 CefTation. 
 
 But this, like all other Negotiations, pro- 
 ceeded very flowly, each Party being in hopes 
 of gaining fome Advantage during the Treaty, 
 and of being in Confequence able to obtain more 
 advantageous Conditions j but this Hope was 
 foon found by the Marquis to be on his Part, 
 without Foundation, for having marched out 
 to fight Prejhn, he was obliged to retreat with- 
 out Action, having, as was ufual, no Victuals 
 for his Army. 
 
 It is not to be imagined, but that the Rebels 
 were fully fenfible of their own Superiority, 
 and were therefore not eafily to be perfwaded 
 to a CefTation, on fuch Terms, as it was fit to 
 allow them ; for it was neceflary for the Go- 
 vernment to maintain an Air of Superiority, 
 even when its DiftrelTes could not but be 
 known, and therefore it was not to be avoided, 
 that many Difficulties would arife, which be- 
 tween Enemies of another Kind could not 
 have happened : About this Time arrived 
 likewife a Commiffioner from the Pope, with 
 a Supply of Money, and with Stores for War -, 
 Thefe added great Weight to the Influence 
 
 which
 
 Dult of ORMONDE. 77 
 
 \vhich he exerted in oppofiiig the Ceflkion ; 
 but there were ftill in the Army of the Papifts, 
 Men of great Rank, and Reputation, who ftill 
 retained their Duty to the King, and who 
 wifhed with the utmoft Ardour, to put a Stop 
 to the Defolations of their Country; thefe Men 
 flruggled very earneftly for the Ceflation, and 
 by their Means it was at laft concluded. 
 
 The Articles were not ratified till the fif- 
 teenth of September, and in the mean time, 
 the Irijh had not only gathered in the Harveft 
 almoft without Interruption, but had fre- 
 quently adventured by Night into the other 
 Quarters, and reaped the Corn, and carried it 
 away; fo that the onlyjuft Complaint that 
 could be made againft the Ceflation was, that 
 it was too long delayed; but that Delay was un- 
 avoidable, where fo many Men, of different 
 Jnterefts, Opinions, and Inclinations, were to 
 be coniulted. The Ceflation however, while 
 it hurt only the Papifts, whofe Union it broke, 
 and whofe Ardour it relaxed, was reprefented 
 by the Enemies of the Marquis, and not lefs 
 by thofe of the King, as an unieafonable and 
 unneceflary Conceffion, and loud Clamours 
 were raifed, as if the Proteflant Interefl had 
 been betrayed, and the Nation given up by 
 Treaty. 
 
 This Ceflation being thus concluded, the 
 Influence, Fidelity, and Diligence of the Mar- 
 quis of Ormonde became fo confpicuous, that 
 it was thought neccflary to confer upon him 
 the Lieutenancy of the Kingdom, and he foon 
 
 afterwards
 
 7 8 The LIFE of tie 
 
 afterwards received the Sword, and entered up* 
 on his Office, not indeed with much Hope of 
 ferving his King, or of remedying many of 
 the Diforders : They had 'proceeded too far, 
 to give Way to a Government which was 
 without any Force to fupport it, which only a 
 very fmall DiftricT: profeffed to obey, and which 
 had no Advantage, but that of its Legality. He 
 had therefore this only Comfort, that tho' 
 he could not do much, he could yet do more 
 than any other Man } and that what Autho- 
 rity was yet maintained by his Sovereign in 
 Ireland, was the Confequence of the Reputa- 
 tion and Influence of the Lieutenant. 
 
 In the Beginning of his Lieutenancy he was 
 embarraiTed with many Difficulties, which 
 cannot in this Place be recounted ; he was to 
 endeavour to retain all, without having the 
 Means of recompenfmg any ; he was to com- 
 mand without the Power of Compulfion ; there 
 were few who thought their Duty of fo much 
 Importance as to be preferable to their Intereft, 
 and undoubtedly many, if they were inclin'd 
 to the right, were in the Diffraction of oppc- 
 fite Motives unable to determine their own 
 Choice. In the Midft of thefe perplexing Di- 
 fturbances, it was hoped that he might fend 
 fome Affiftance to the Royaiifls ; but Armies 
 could not be enlifted, nor tranfported, without 
 Pay and Provifion, and he was unprovided with 
 Money. 
 
 The Iri/h during the Quiet of the CeiTation, 
 by which fome Defires of a fixed and lafting 
 Peace could not but be excited, fent Commif- 
 
 fioners
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 79 
 
 fioners to Oxford, to treat with the King, but 
 at firft, propofed Conditions, which could not 
 without Reproach, be made the Founda- 
 tion of a Treaty, and on which there- 
 fore no Conference was allowed. They foon 
 difcovered that they had required more than 
 could be granted, and therefore, in a few Days, 
 moderated their Demands, infilling only, on 
 the Abrogation of the penal Laws againft 
 Recufants, the Rights of enjoying Pofts and 
 Offices in the Government, the Exclufion from 
 the Parliament of all Perfons who had not E- 
 llates in the Kingdom of Ireland, and a gene- 
 ral Act of Oblivion, which mould fecure both 
 Perfon and Eftate. To thofe feveral other Pro- 
 pofitions were added, of lefs Importance, or 
 lefs extenfive in their Confequences. 
 
 In oppoiition to thefe Propdfals made by 
 Men who had unquestionable Authority to 
 treat, and who were deputed by the fupreme 
 Council, other Demands were offered by Men, 
 who without any authentic Proof of their De- 
 legation, filled themfelves Agents for the Pro- 
 teftants. Thefe Men required all that was in- 
 confiflent with the Delires of thofe who offer'd 
 Pea*ce, and in all their Proportions mewed 
 themfelves refolved to lofe Nothing by the DijV 
 tractions of their Country? They propofed, that 
 Satisfaction mould be made by the Papifls for 
 all the Detriment which the Proteflants had 
 fuffered in the War j that all the Houfes and 
 Caflles which had been deflroyed, fhould be 
 rebuilt at the Expencs of the Papifts , that all 
 
 thofe
 
 8o lie LIFE of the 
 
 thofe who had taken Arms, mould forfeit their 
 Eftates; that all Goods, and Money taken 
 away fhould be reftored ; that all Ecclefiaflics 
 fhould be banifhed ; and that Popery mould b 
 fuppreffed. 
 
 Thefe were the Articles, branched out into 
 more Particulars, which they who came with 
 the fpecious Title of Agents for the Protef- 
 tants, thought it proper to ftipulate. What 
 were their Views, Whether the Advancement 
 of the Proteftant Intereft, the Augmentation 
 of their private Fortunes, the Gratification of 
 their Refentment, or the Perplexity and Em- 
 barraflment of their King, it is not eafy to de- 
 termine j but it is apparent that they muft have 
 confidered their own Scheme with no great At- 
 tention, if they could think it likely to produce 
 an Accommodation ; and they muft have ta- 
 ken a very carelefs Survey of the State of Ire- 
 land, if they thought the Proteftants able to 
 renew the War. Of the Propofals it has been 
 well obferved, that they are inconfiftent with 
 themfelves, for they require that the Rebels 
 fhould make Reparation for the Devaftations 
 of the War, and infift, at the fame Time, 
 that they fhould forfeit their Eflates. The 
 Articles are in general, fuch as could not, with- 
 out Hardship, be impofed by a Conqueror; 
 and fuch therefore, as a Nation elate with Vic- 
 tory, could not be expected to accept. 
 
 The King, whole Affairs at that Time 
 equally required that he fhould pleafe the En- 
 i and make Peace with the Jrijh y was em- 
 
 barailed
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 81 
 
 t>ararTed with this Contrariety of Application : 
 He gave them however fome general Anfwers 
 and many Concemons, which impaired his 
 own Revenue, but was inflexible with regard to 
 fome others, and he offered to confer Pofts of 
 Honour upon fuch of the Papifts as mould me- 
 rit them by their future Behaviour; yet tho' his 
 Conceflions in general were much lefs than 
 they had taught themfelves to expect, they 
 exprefled themfelves in Terms of the utmoft 
 Reverence and Submiflion, and declared, 
 that they did not think he could at that Time, 
 with Safety grant more. 
 
 Such was then the State of the Treaty, the 
 Jrifo could not accept what the King could 
 grant, and the King could not grant more, 
 without giving his Enemies an Opportunity of 
 renewing their Clamours. It was therefore 
 propofed by his Counfellors, who were a- 
 fraid of giving any Advice, which might be 
 lefs confident with their own Security, to re- 
 fer the Treaty of Peace wholly to the Marquis 
 of Ormonde, who was more acquainted than 
 they with the Condition of Ireland', and whofe 
 perfoiiul Influence on many of the Commiffi- 
 oners, might enable him to reafon with more 
 immediate Reference to their particular Opini- 
 ons and Defigns, and to fuggeft Motives more 
 likely to operate upon their Minds, than gene- 
 ral Arguments. His Knowledge likewife of 
 the Affurs of the Kingdom which was under 
 his Government, would give him Opportunity 
 of diiliaguifliing between the Proportions of 
 G more
 
 8j tie LIFE of tbt 
 
 more or lefs Importance, and of the Confe- 
 quences which might be hoped or feared from 
 any Grant, or any Denial. 
 
 , There were not indeed Reafons wanting for 
 throwing the Burthen of this Treaty upon the 
 Lord-Lieutenant; but moil of the Arguments 
 xvhich inclined the Council at Oxford to chufe 
 him for the Tafk, were of equal Weight to 
 determine him againft the Undertaking. The 
 Difficulty and the Danger were the fame to 
 him, as to thofe who fo carefully avoided them 
 and he had likewife peculiar Hardships in his 
 Circumftances : He was to treat with Ene- 
 mies, who had him in their Power, he. was en- 
 compaiTed by Men who were jealous of his 
 Readinefs to facrifice all Confiderations to the 
 IntcreO. of the King, whofe Power in Ireland 
 ^rew by Defection and Misfortunes every Day 
 Fefs. A Treaty was however fet on foot, in 
 tvhich the Irijh repeated moft of the Demands 
 which they had made at Oxford, and the Lieu- 
 tenant innfted upon fuch Conditions,- as he 
 thought might be moft honourable for the 
 the King, and moil advantageous for the Pro- 
 fcilants ; but as they proceeded with c^poiite 
 Defigns, they were not likely to accommodate? 
 their Notions- to each othe?, and after a Confe- 
 rence of fbme Days, it was found, that nothing 
 could be concluded y and all Hope of Peace 
 v. . s at an End. 
 
 The Event of this Treaty gave the Lieute- 
 nant new Conviction of the Impofiibility of 
 ./ valuable Service to be performed by him ;
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 83 
 
 and as it was natural to defire, that it might 
 appear from equal Failures in others, that his 
 Impotence was not the Effect of Negligence, 
 or Want of Dexterity, and, as he fooa grew 
 weary of a Poft, in which he found nothing 
 but the Name of Authority, and the Pomp of 
 Government, he intreated the King's Permif- 
 iion to lay down the Sword, that the Direc- 
 tion of the Affairs of Ireland might be com*- 
 mitted to fome Perfon more equal to the Bur- 
 then. It is not unlikely, that when he of- 
 fered this Requeft, he wanted not Reafons for 
 fuppofing that it would not be granted. He 
 could not but know, that the Lieutenancy, 
 however it might have loft its ancient Power, 
 was yet able to efFect more in his Hands, than 
 could be accomplished by any other Perfon ; 
 becaufe he added to his publick Commiflion 
 his peribnal Influence, his Fortune, his Alli- 
 ances, and the hereditary Credit of his Family : 
 it was not yet improper, that when he could eite& 
 ib little, he fhouidrefign his Poft, leaft he ihouid 
 feem to have indulged a mean and. ufclefs Am- 
 bition, and to have deiired the empty Title of 
 Governor., when he dcfpaired of obtaining the 
 Power. The King knew how little was to be 
 expected from the greateftAbilities, and themoft 
 exact Fidelity j he was convinced, that nothing 
 could be gained by the Change of Hands, and 
 therefore refolved to continue him in his Office ; 
 and that he might be lefs difliitisfied with the 
 Expence, and lefs embarraiTed by Oppofition, 
 a Grunt was made to him of Lands, by which 
 G 2 the
 
 84 tte LIFE of the 
 
 the Diminution of his Fortune might be com- 
 penfated, and Power was granted him to re- 
 move difaffected Perfons from the Council- 
 board, and to make fuch Alterations as he 
 mould think neceflary, in all the fubordinate 
 Governments, and Pofts of civil or military 
 Authority. 
 
 The Conduct of the Lieutenant in the Ma- 
 nagement of the Treaty, and his Refolution in 
 adhering to his Demands, were very fatisfac- 
 tory to the King, but the abrupt Termination 
 of the Conferences, as it gave no Profpect but 
 of a new War, to which the Force of the Pro- 
 teftants was by no Means equal, inclined him 
 rather to make more Conceffions, than to ex- 
 pofe to certain Ruin a Kingdom which he 
 found himfelf wholly unable to protect. He 
 therefore fent the Marquis an Authority to con- 
 clude a Peace, upon the beft Terms that could 
 be obtained, with very few Limitations, and 
 tiofe almofb annulled by verbal Promifes, and 
 fecret Aflurances, that what it was not proper 
 to grant by Treaty, mould be enjoyed by In- 
 dulgence. 
 
 Thefe Conditions might have been, perhaps, 
 accepted, had not the Irlft always hoped, that 
 the fame Neceffity which extorted theie, would 
 in a very /hort Time, force the King to allow 
 them better j for they (aw the King's Power 
 every Day declining, and themfelves ftrength- 
 ened by new Affirmance -> they had laid in the 
 Provifions of the Year, and were certain in a 
 few Months to reduce the Proteflants to their 
 
 Mercy
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 85 
 
 Mercy, by irrefiftible Famine; they were at 
 Eafe in the full Enjoyment of almoft all that 
 they defired, and did not therefore prefs for- 
 ward the Treaty with much Eagernefs, becaufe 
 though it mould terminate as they demanded it 
 would give them Nothing but what they then 
 poflefTed, and indeed, it could not be expected 
 not to take Something away ; it would at leaft 
 deprive them of the pleafing and advantageous 
 Privilege of living by Plunder, of driving away 
 the Cattle of the Proteftants, and reduce all the 
 common Men to the difagreeable Necefiity of 
 eating by their Labour, which they fo much 
 hated and dreaded, that they would rather 
 fpend their Lives in continual Alarms, and the 
 Hazards of fighting for the Suftenance of the 
 Day. Such was the Difpofition of the Irijh 
 Army, and therefore their Chiefs were at full 
 Liberty to raife any Obftacles againft the Con- 
 clufion of a Peace. 
 
 The State of the King and his Lieutenant 
 was very different. The King, oppreffed by the 
 Rebellion in England, defired a Treaty with 
 the utmoft Earneftnefs, in Hopes of Affiftance 
 from the Irifi Army, which had been fo long 
 enured to Hardfhips, and to Arms, that they 
 were compleatly difciplined, and had con- 
 traded that Familiarity with Darker, which 
 makes it eafily defpifed. The Lord Lieute- 
 nant was under a Neceflity of haftening a 
 Peace, not only for the Sake of his Matter, 
 of whofe Diftreffes he was in the higheft De- 
 gree fenfible $ but becaufe he knew hirrifelf 
 G 3 abfolutely
 
 86 The LIFE of the 
 
 abfolutely unable to continue the War; and 
 therefore, though his Inability was as well 
 known to his Enemies as himfelf, he found 
 Means of renewing the Treaty, 
 
 The Iriffi^ to avoid the Imputation of 
 Rebels, a Term which they always refent- 
 ed, could not refuie to enter upon a Trea- 
 ty, when they were invited to mention thei r 
 Grievances by the chief Governor j yet mew' d 
 in their Demands, that Arrogance which Su c - 
 cefs naturally produces, and that Contumacy* 
 which is always the Concomitant of Confe- 
 rences, when only one Party deiires them to 
 end in an Accommodation. They now rofe 
 in their Terms, and in the next Conference 
 produced a new and unexpected Interpretation 
 of one of the King's Conceffions, which th e y 
 required to be received and acknowledged as 
 the true Meaning. ' It had been promiled by 
 the King, that the 'Papifts of Ireland &\Gu\d he 
 capable of enjoying Places and Preferments in 
 their own Country, equally with his other Sub- 
 jects : from this Allowance they deduced an 
 Inference, that the Papifts were to have an ?- 
 qual Number of Places with the Proteffonts, 
 s.nd propofed this Divifion of the Government, 
 as the firft Condition of the Peace ; but found 
 the Lieu.^.ant, however diftrtfled, iliil firm 
 enough to refufe it. 
 
 But as the King's Affairs were daily decli- 
 ning;, 'and therefore did not admit of any De- 
 lay, tlie Hopes of obtaining AlMance from the 
 Irijh induced the Government to make new 
 
 ConceflionSj
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 87 
 
 Conceffions, with which the more reafonable 
 and moderate of the Papifts might have been 
 fatisfied, and a Peace would have been fpeedily 
 concluded, had only the Publick Intereft been 
 regarded; but there were among the Irijh, Men, 
 whom no ConceiTions or Securities could con- 
 tent, becaufe they did not in reality defire aPeace, 
 at leaft, they defired no Peace, which would 
 not divert their Sovereign of his Authority, and 
 place the Power and Riches of the Kingdom 
 in their Hands, 
 
 Some of thefe were the Savages, who in the 
 firfl Jnfurredion had committed fuch inhuman 
 and unneceflary Murders, that they were de- 
 tefled even by their own Party; and therefore, 
 could not but expect to be given up tojuf- 
 tice, after a Peace, or as the mildeft Sentence 
 which their Guilt admitted, to live in perpe- 
 tual Exile ; and it cannot be imagined, that 
 Men fo wicked fpared any Practices, by which 
 the Treaty might be retarded, which they 
 knew, however advantageous it might be to 
 the Nation, muft be certain Ruin to them- 
 felves. It had been happy, if thefe had been 
 to have flruggled alone againft the Publick In- 
 tereft ; for they were fo generally detefted that 
 their Influence would have been eafily repref- 
 fed, but the Difficulty was encreafed by another 
 Body of Men, whole Power has been always 
 great, and among Men fighting for the Pro^ 
 motion and Defence of their Religion, mighti 
 be expected to have rifen beyond its common 
 Bounds. The Clergy, who had feen the Pro- 
 Q 4
 
 88 Tit LIFE of tie 
 
 grefs of the War, and attributed, as it is pro- 
 bable, the Succefs with which it had been 
 carried on, to the Efficacy of the Religion 
 which was profefled by the IriJJi y were by no 
 Means willing that fuch a Caufe fhould be for- 
 faken when it was victorious, or that any of 
 the Ecclefiaftical Advantages which had been 
 gained, fhould now be yielded up ; and they 
 therefore demanded, in a folemn Manner, with 
 all the Enforcements which their Church puts 
 into their Hands; that the Churches of which 
 they were in Pofllflion, fliould by an exprefs 
 Stipulation be fecured to the Papifts, for the 
 publick Exercife of their Religion. 
 
 This was fuch a Demand as was not expec- 
 ted, and was yet fo naturally made by the 
 Clergy, and agreed fo well with the Zeal to 
 which the Nation had been heated in the long 
 Continuance of the War, that it was not fafe 
 nor popular to oppofe it ; for it might not very 
 improperly be asked, by thofe who had been 
 prevailed upon to engage in the War, under 
 the Pretence of Religion, for what they had 
 been fo long contending, if, when they had 
 the Country at their Mercy, and the Churches 
 5n their Power, they fuffered themfelves to be 
 denied the Advantages of Conqueft, and fub- 
 mitted to fee the Places of Worfhip put again 
 into the Hands of the Proteftants. 
 
 The Authority of the Clergy was fo great, 
 and the Ardor for the Dignity of Religion fo 
 predominant, that many of the Leaders, who 
 would willingly have resigned any Advantages 
 
 of
 
 Dufo of ORMONDE. 89 
 
 of their own for the Promotion of a Peace, fo 
 necefTary at once to their King and to their na- 
 tive Country, were yet afraid of receding from 
 this Demand, left they mould feem to defert 
 their Caufe, and betray that Religion which 
 they had been taught to confider as the firft, 
 the pureft, and the beft. Here was therefore 
 an Obftacle not eafily to be furmounted, the 
 Papifts were unwilling to recede from their 
 Demand, and the Government had not the 
 Power to grant it, nor indeed, did the Protef- 
 tants mew lefs Ardour for regaining the Chur- 
 ches, than was expreffed by the Papifts for 
 keeping them. 
 
 A middle Way was at length difcovered, 
 which was perhaps the beft, that in fuch a 
 State of Interefts and Opinions could poffibly 
 be taken. The Proteftants could not refign 
 the Churches, nor the Papifls reftore them ; 
 nothing therefore was left, but to pafs that 
 Article over without Determination, and with- 
 out Conference, the Papifts hoping that a fitter 
 Time would come, to claim the Right which 
 they had not given up j and the Proteftants 
 fuppofmg that when the Regularity of the Go- 
 vernment was reftored, the Churches would 
 revert to them by the Decifion of the eftablifh'd 
 Law. Thus both Parties were appeas'd, but 
 neither fully gratified, and the Treaty was a- 
 gain renewed, and Hopes again revived of a 
 happy- and what was neceflary to Happinefs, 
 a quick Conclufion. 
 
 But while the honeft and wife Men of both 
 
 Parties
 
 $0 The LIFE of tie 
 
 Parties were delighted with thefe Expectations, 
 the fatal Battle of Nafeby was fought, and the 
 jKing reduced to greater Difficulties, which in.. 
 {read of haltening the Treaty, and the Suc- 
 cours which were expected from it, elated the 
 Irijh to new Demands arifing from a higher 
 Opinion of their own Importance, and from 
 the Belief that the King could refiife them 
 Nothing, fines he could now hope for the 
 Reparation of his Condition, only from their 
 Affiftance. They therefore now were no 
 longer content to treat upon the former Terms. 
 fcut reyiv'd the higheit of their former Preten- 
 fions, and produced new Claims, which they 
 do not appear to have been mentioned before. 
 They were now no longer content to be fU 
 lent with Regard to the Poffefiion of the 
 Churches, for they not only demanded that 
 they mould be yielded to them by an exprefs 
 Stipulation, but that the Forts and Caflles 
 which were in their Hands, mould be retain'd 
 by them, and that all the Grants of the King, 
 or his Father to their Difadvantage fhould be 
 revoked; that the Power of their Church 
 ihould be effoblifhed in its utmoft Extent ; that 
 they Should be fecured by a general Pardon 
 from all Ccniure and Punifhment ; and that all 
 the great Offices of the Kingdom mould be 
 fhared between them and the . Proteitants, and 
 ILJf of them be as a Proof of the King's In- 
 tention, be immediately conferred upon Pa- 
 
 
 To thefe Demands they, added another of
 
 Dule of ORMONDE.^ 91 
 
 the Repeal not only of the penal Laws made 
 againft Papifls, by Proteflant Princes, but of 
 the Statutes of Edward the Third, and Ri~ 
 chard the Second, by which fome Reftraint 
 was laid upon them,- and in general accumu- 
 lated one wild Propofal upon another, till they 
 had almoft buried the Beginnings of the Treaty. 
 The King, who could grant but a very 
 fmall Part of their Demands, was yet obliged 
 by his Diftrefjes to enlarge his former Grants^ 
 and the Lieutenant propofed many Expedients 
 for their Satisfaction, which, though they were 
 perhaps the beft that could be fuggefted, were 
 yet not always fufficient to give Satisfaction to 
 Men, who had learned by long Tergiverfa- 
 tion, to put off the Conclufion o the Treaty 
 from Time to Time, in hopes of new Oppor- 
 tunities to encroach upon the Conflitution, and 
 who were fo much elated by their Superiority, 
 that fcarcely any thing could content them that 
 v/as lefs than their Wifhes : much Time was 
 therefore {pent in Debates, about Articles which 
 were probably not by thefe Difputes either 
 better underftood, or acijufted more to general 
 Satisfaction. Other Obftacles were like wife 
 raifed, by the ram and injudicious Conduct of 
 the Earl of Glamorgan^ who is accufed of great 
 Breaches of Truit and Fidelity, though by 
 fonie acquitted of any ill Defigns, and believed 
 o have defigned to make his Way through all 
 his Mazes of Fraud to Peace, and to have in- 
 tended the Advantage of his King, and the 
 
 Happi-
 
 9 2 The LIFE of the 
 
 Happinefs of Ireland, though he profecuted his" 
 Defigns by unwarrantable Means. 
 
 Another Hindrance of the Peace was produ- 
 ced, by the Arrival of a Nuncio from the Pope, 
 who came about this Time with fmall Sup- 
 plies, and with large Promifes; and who 
 undoubtedly employed all the Authority of his 
 Office to hinder the Conclulion of a Peace, 
 while the higheft Demands of the Church 
 were unfatisfied. At length however, by the 
 unwearied Endeavours of the Marquis of Or- 
 monde, the Peace was concluded, without any 
 Conceffions difadvantageous to the Proteftant 
 Religion, or derogatory from the Honour of 
 the King. The Papifts were to obtain an equal 
 Share of the Honours and Profits of the Go- 
 vernment, and to be fet free from feveral Grie- 
 vances of which they complained, and were 
 in Return, to fupply the King with ten thou- 
 fand Foot, to be landed in England^ at Times 
 particularly mentioned ; nor was the Treaty to 
 be ratified, or to have any Effect, till the For- 
 ces were fent. 
 
 But this Treaty was now too late to afford 
 the King any Affiftance, for his Defeat at 
 Nafeby had given his active Enemies fuch in- 
 fuperable Advantages, that his Garrifons were 
 every where forced, and his Forces obliged to 
 retire ; fo that having now no longer any Hope 
 of Victory, his only Care was now to make 
 the beft Provifion for his Security, while Terms 
 might be fettled with the Conquerors > fo that 
 
 having
 
 Dufa of ORMONDE: 93 
 
 having no Forces to join the IriJJ^ and Fairfax 
 being in PofTeffion of the Weftern Coaft, ten 
 thoufand Men would have been of little Ufe 
 to him, fmce they muft have been foon over- 
 born by a greater Number ; but he defired that 
 about three Thoufand might be fent into North 
 Wales y by whom the Mountains might be for 
 a Time defended, and Part of the Coaft kept 
 open. This Requeil was however not grant- 
 ed, and the King received fcarce any confide- 
 rable Advantage from the Peace. 
 
 The Nuncio in a fhort Time had fo much 
 extended his Influence, that the Clergy were 
 inclined to fecond him in all his Meafures, and 
 Owen Oneile, either from Zeal for the Popifh 
 Religion, or Hopes of aggrandizing himfelf, 
 declared in Favour of the Nuncio, in Oppoli- 
 tion to the Supreme Council. The Council 
 now found themfelves unable to confirm ihe 
 Peace which they negotiated, or to take the 
 Weapons out of the Hands to which they had 
 cntrufted them, and could only proteft again fit he 
 Ufurpations of the Clergy, and the Difobedience 
 of the Army, without any Power to punifh or 
 to refift ; for Prejion, from whofe Trocps they 
 expected Affiftance, was perfwaded to join 
 Oneile. Thus was the Government taken 
 equally out of the Hands of the Lord Lieute- 
 oant, and of the Confederates, and placed in 
 thofe of the Clergy, who exercifed it without 
 any Limits over a bigotted Nation. 
 
 The Lord Lieutenant, however, did not 
 forget any Part 'of his Duty, but endeavoured 
 
 to
 
 94 The LIFE of tfa 
 
 to promote the Reception of the Peace, by ta~ 
 king Care that it mould be regularly publifhed 
 through the Kingdom. He therefore difpatch'd 
 a Herald to the principal Cities, to proclaim it 
 in the due Form, which was done in fome 
 Places with great Satisfaction to the People, but 
 was in others fo ill received, that the Magi- 
 ilrates refufed to affiil at the Proclamation, and 
 as the Herald was proclaiming it in one Town, 
 the People rofc, at the Infligation of the Ec- 
 clefiaftics, and drove him out of the Place, ha- 
 ving given him feveral Wounds, and being 
 with Difficulty retrained from farther Violence, 
 as well againft the Herald, as the Mayor who 
 prote&ed him. 
 
 The Marquis of Ormonde^ in order to the 
 Promotion of the King's Intereft, and the Re- 
 conciliation of the confederate Irifl^ marched 
 with a -fmall Force to Kilkenny - y where he was 
 received with great Refpecl by the fupreme 
 Council, as Governor or the Kingdom, and 
 from thence he proceeded into the remoter 
 Parts of the Ifland, but had not continued his 
 Progrefs far, before he received Intelligence of 
 a Deiign laid by Qneils, to furprize him, and 
 to force him to confent to a new Peace upon 
 other Terms. Oneile was to be affifted by 
 Prejlon, and both were endeavouring, in the 
 moil fccret Manner, to direct the March of 
 their Forces fo, as to intercept the Lieutenant 
 in his Progrefs : Of this Deiign he received 
 fiich Accounts as he could not difhuft, and 
 therefore returned to Dublin with the utmoft 
 
 Caution
 
 Duke 0/* ORMONDE 95 
 
 Caution and Expedition, his Waggons being 
 plunder'd at Kilkenny v and his Plate, and other 
 Things of Value taken away. 
 
 The Nuncio now found himfelf Matter of 
 the Field, and that his Defigns might be no 
 longer obitructed, led his Army to Kilkenny^ 
 and imprifoned the fupreme Council, which he 
 had found not fufficiently difpofed to comply 
 with his Propoials, That the Government 
 might be carried on, he fummoned an Afiem- 
 bly of the Clergy, who inverted themfelves 
 with the Authority which they had taken from, 
 the Council, and afTunied the unlimited Direc- 
 tion of temporal as well as fpiritual Affairs. 
 They were now at the Height of Profperity, 
 and endeavour to extend their Authority to 
 the utmoft Boundaries of the Kingdom, deter- 
 mined to put an End to the Lieutenant's Au- 
 thority, and ordered their Forces to befiege 
 Diiblin. The two Bodies of Men under O- 
 ncllc and P re ft on did not wholly truft, or very 
 diligently aflift each other, and there was 
 iome ProfpecT: of a Treaty with P re/Ion, fop a a 
 Union with the Lord Lieutenant againfl Oneile t 
 but Prefion Was a Man fo little fleady, and the 
 Jriflj Confederates had fo little Fidelity, that 
 Nothing was to be trufted to their Honour or 
 uieii- Oaths, and therefore the Marquis would- 
 not put the lait Remains of the Proteftant Pow- 
 er into their Hands, but refolved to fuilain a 
 Siege in Dublin, which he had fortifiod and 
 prc;vided as well as he could 5 the Marchionefs 
 a'lui Ladies having, to encourage the Work- 
 men
 
 96 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 men and Inhabitants carried Baskets of Mould 
 to form the Trenches. 
 
 But though Fortifications might be built, 
 Provifion could not be procured in an exhauf- 
 ted Country j and therefore his Enemies, who 
 were well acquainted with his Diftrefs, had 
 nothing more to provide againft, than the Im- 
 portation of Victuals, and they might reduce 
 the Town without Batteries or Affaults j nor 
 could he have avoided to fall into their Hands, 
 without the Poflibility of a Struggle for Vic- 
 tory, by any other Way, than that of deliver- 
 ing the City, and the Commiflion by which 
 he governed the Kingdom, to the Powers then 
 prevailing in England \ to whom, the King had 
 informed him, that he defired the Kingdom 
 mould, when it could be kept no longer, be 
 relign'd, rather than to the Irift. 
 
 When the Commiffioners, who were dif- 
 patch'd to treat with him for the Surrendry of 
 the City, and of his Authority, arrived at Dub- 
 Itn, they likewife were inclined to impofe fuch 
 Conditions upon him, as the Diftrefs to which 
 they faw him reduced might oblige him to 
 accept, but thefe he thought inconfiftent 
 with his Honour and his Duty, and therefore 
 rejected their Offers, and fuffered them to 
 depart without any Agreement } but his Dif- 
 trefs every Day increasing, and the Inhabitants 
 of the Place growing difcontented, he was at 
 laft conftrained to yield, on fuch Terms -as he 
 cou d obtain, and on the 2 8th of July 1647 
 reiigned the Sword of Authority, and departed 
 
 from
 
 Duke of ORMONDE." 97 
 
 from the Kingdom which he had defended 
 with fo much Fidelity, and governed with fo 
 much Wifdom. The Confederates durft no 
 longer continue the Siege, but retired when 
 the new Garrifon was admitted, and return'd 
 into the Country, where it was now neceflary 
 for them to unite,; againfl a more furious and 
 potent Enemy, and to provide for their Defence, 
 by /lengthening their Fortifications, and en- 
 creafing their Forces, afcertarning their Intelli- 
 gence, and ftoring their Magazines. Thofe 
 that had adher'd to the King and the 
 Marquis, were now, without any Advantage 
 from their Loyalty, being equally hated and 
 fufpecled on every Side. 
 
 When the Marquis left Dublin in this for- 
 lorn and calamitous Condition, he could not 
 forbear declaring with that Chearfulnefs which 
 has been ufually known to accompany great 
 Minds, that he expected fome Time to return 
 in a State of Power and Prolperity of which 
 there was not at that Time any Profpeft, for 
 the King was in the Hands of his moft im- 
 placable Enemies, all his Forces were fuppref- 
 fed, and all his Garrifons furrender'd. Tha 
 Marquis however, whofe Ardour for the Ser- 
 vice of his Mailer, did not depend upon For- 
 tune, went to attend him at Hampton-Court, 
 where he was then, as he himfelf termed it, an 
 honourable Prifoner, his Friends not being yet 
 excluded by Violence, though undoubtedly 
 very much difcountenanced. Here the Mar- 
 quis was admitted to that Confidence which 
 H Fidelity
 
 98 The LIFE of the 
 
 Fidelity fo long tried might juftly expect, and 
 when he offered to refign the Lieutenancy, in 
 which he had been able to effect fo little, was 
 told by the King, that he fhould keep his 
 Commiffion to a Time of better Fortune ; for 
 that no other mould have the Satisfaction of 
 enjoying that Authority which he had ufed fo 
 well, though fo unfuccefsfully. The Lord 
 Lieutenant then gave him an Account of the 
 State of the Nation which he had left, and 
 that his Conduct might be better underftood 
 prefented a Memorial, moft of which it is not 
 improper to infert : 
 
 NOtwithftading your Majefty's Letter fromt 
 Newcaftle, forbidding any further Treaty 
 with the Irijh y and notwithftanding their ha- 
 ving failed to fend the Men conditioned for, 
 without which, though it was queftionable how 
 I might have juftified the doing thereof, your 
 Majeftie's Commands in that Point confidered, 
 yet I agreed to a Peace. 
 
 Soon after the Conclufion whereof, I had 
 Notice of the Practices of the Nuncio and 
 Clergy againft the fame, their excommunica- 
 ting of all that mould adhere to the Peace, 
 their interdicting all Places where it was pro- 
 claimed, and forbiding, upon like Pains, the 
 Collection, and Payment of Monies collected, 
 to thofe formerly appointed thereto by their 
 General AfTembly. All which notwithftand- 
 ing, to the end your Majeftie might reap the 
 Fruits of a Peace, I had fo far adventured to 
 j conclude.
 
 Duke of ORMONDE* gg 
 
 conclude, that I went to Kilkenny, being invited 
 thither, and informed by divers, efpecially thofe 
 of Pre/ton's Party, that my Prefence would 
 foon remove the Caufes, or fupprefs the Ef- 
 fects of the Clergy's Difcontent. When I came 
 to Kilkenny, I found thofe who had concluded 
 the Peace with me (by Meffengers from them, 
 namely, Mr. Nicholas Plunket, and Mr. Pa- 
 trick Darcey) treating with the Clergy at Wa- 
 terford, under Colour of endeavouring to ap- 
 peafe them j much Height and Heat there 
 feemed to be betwixt them, and I really be- 
 lieve fome of them were in earned:. But I 
 eafily difcovered the Drift of others was, either 
 to force me to confirm my Lord of Glamor- 
 gan's Conditions, or at leaft to engage myfelf 
 in fome new ones in Point of Religion. But 
 confidering how I was limited therein by 
 your Majeftie, and how endlefs their De- 
 mands would be, if I once gave way to any 
 thing like to a new Treaty, I pofltively in- 
 fifted upon their publick Faith, already en- 
 gaged, and abfolutely refufed to entangle my- 
 felf in a new Treaty with the Clergy. Yet I 
 was content to afliire them, that withour your 
 Majeftie's Directions, I would not then dif- 
 poflefs them of the Churches then in their 
 PofTeffion, nor interrupt the Jurifdiction of 
 their Clergy within the Quarters poffefled by 
 them ; and that I would not underftand any 
 Directions from your Majeftie in thofe Parti- 
 culars to be yours, till your Majeftie mould 
 be reflored to a free Condition. And further, 
 H 2 that
 
 i oo 72* LIFE of tfo 
 
 that I would obey all fuch Commands as t 
 fhould receive from your Majefty to their Ad- 
 vantage. 
 
 Whilft thefc Things were in Agitation, and 
 great Hopes were given me, that this Aflu- 
 rance would content them, fo to bring me in- 
 to the greater Security ; the Nuntio, and his 
 Party, lent for Owen Qneik to cut off my Re- 
 treat toDublin^ and to force me to their Terms > 
 or" (as by the Sequel is more probable) to de- 
 ftroy the fmall Party, of 1200 Foot and 200 
 Horfe I had brought with me as Guards ; which 
 if they had effected,, being the choice Men of 
 the Army, Dublin, and other Garrifons ren- 
 dering Obedience to your Ma jetty's Authority ,. 
 would have been theirs with much Eafe, when 
 their united Forces mould be drawn againft 
 them, as afterwards they were. Upon Notice 
 of Given Oneiles being invited by the Clergy,, 
 having Reafon to be jealous of his Readinefs to- 
 advance upon their Summons ; for that he had" 
 not caufed the Peace to be proclaimed in his 
 Army, as General Preflon had with great So- 
 lemnity done in his, I fent feveral Letters and 
 Meffages to General Prefton^ and to all I be- 
 lieved well-affected, urging them to draw toge- 
 ther, for the making good of the Peace they 
 had fo ehearfully received, and for the Pre- 
 fbrvation of tfoemfelves and their Country from 
 the Rapine of the Northern Army, wherewith 
 they had been acquainted'. By fome I was an- 
 iwered, that their Men were difperfed by their 
 Excommunications ; by others, that they 
 
 had
 
 Duke 0/" ORMONDE. 101 
 
 had no Means to keep or draw them toge- 
 ther ; for that the Collectors, terrified with the 
 Church Cenfures would pay them Nothing ; 
 and to this Effect was Prejton's Anfwer alfo. 
 Whereupon I fent to fpeak with him, in hope 
 I might difabufe him, if any thing from the 
 Clergy ftuek with him : But he made his Ex^ 
 cufe, pretending, and but pretending Sicknefs. 
 Notwithstanding all thefe ill Signs, I yet de^ 
 termined all poffibleWays to try what might be 
 be done, and with this Refolution went from 
 Kilkenny to Carrick^ and from thence towards 
 Cajlel^ where the Peace had been proclaimed. 
 But when I was gotten within two or three 
 Miles thereof, I met with a Letter from the 
 Mayor, defiring me not to come thither, for 
 that He and the Town were threatened, if 
 they received me, to be utterly deflroyed by 
 the Northern Army, then within a Day's 
 March of them. The Advance of that Force 
 in Purfuit of me, the Lord Dillon^ and others 
 who met me that Day, gave me Notice of. 
 I was then alfo advertifed, that Mac Thomas, 
 as they call him with the Munfter Horfe, 
 declared 'for the Romifh Clergy, was within 
 fome fmall Diftance drawing towards me j and 
 being thereof aflured by the Earl of Ca/iieka- 
 veti, and others, I quickly found myfelf for-r- 
 iaken of moft of thofe who had received and 
 proclaimed the Peace : And having not had, 
 before that Time, fo much as Intelligence of 
 Owen Oneile's March, though his Way was 
 clofe t>y Prefton, I conceived it then high 
 P 3 Time
 
 102 The LIFE of the 
 
 Time to look back towards my fmall Party of 
 Foot, which I had left near Kilkenny : and ac- 
 cordingly, that Night I fent them Orders to 
 draw back towards Dublin, and having My- 
 felf marched all that Night, the next Day I 
 quartered with the Horfe five Miles ihort of 
 them, at a Garrilbn then in your Majeflie's 
 Power. But having frem Intelligence, that 
 Owen Oncile marched fail on the left Hand of 
 us, a nearer Way towards Dublin, I hailen'd, 
 and by long Marches came to Dublin on the 
 i ^th of September, having been forth about 
 three Weeks. But neither, in my March go- 
 ing or coming, was there any Violence of- 
 fered to the Country, nor was there any thing 
 taken but what was paid for. When we were 
 come to Dublin, my Lord Digby and I con- 
 fidered what was then to be done, and at lail 
 determined to make Application to the Parlia- 
 ment, upon Conditions, and fof Reafons, to 
 be otherwife imparted to your Majeilie. 
 
 Not long after my Return to Dublin, I re- 
 ceived Letters from Sir Lucas Dillon, and Doc- 
 tor Gerard Fennel, (who were employed by 
 the Clergy) giving an Account of their Nego- 
 tiation and their Advices ; which tending to a 
 Forbearance of Acts of Hoftility, I took hold 
 of, and in my Anfwer did, in a Manner, beg 
 a Ceflation, to the end that Mifunderftand- 
 ings might be removed, and, if it were pof- 
 lible, the Peace might yet be fettled. But to 
 this Anfwer of mine, there was no Reply, 
 nor fo much as any Overture tending towards 
 
 a look-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 103 
 
 a looking into the former Paflages, or recon- 
 ciling of Differences. But the next News I 
 heard, was of their drawing Forces together, 
 railing of new, and at length, of Owen Oneile's 
 fummoning your Majeftie's Garrifons, taking 
 fome upon Conditions, and fome by Force, ancj 
 uling great Cruelty to thofe refitting. 
 
 Prejlon was alfo drawing together his For- 
 ces, but yet ufed no Afts of Hoftility. Where- 
 upon I wrote Letters to them both, to know 
 what was the End and Ground of their Pro- 
 ceedings; whereunto they feverally returned 
 me Anfwers, by which I could gather Nothing 
 but Aflurance, that they intended the taking 
 of all your Majeftie's Garrifons, and Deftruc- 
 tion of your Majeftie's Servant. And, though 
 by Letters from Colonel Fitz-WilUams, I had 
 fome Intimation of Ptrffton't joining therein 
 with Owen Oneile, I could not believe, how- 
 ever his tender Confcience might induce him 
 not to help us, (though he was fufficiently en- 
 gaged thereunto) that yet he would, contrary 
 to fo many Proteftations, appear actively a- 
 gainft us, and therefore expoftulated the Mat- 
 ter with him, in the beft, and leaft ofteniive 
 Manner I could \ which produced no other 
 Anfwer, than certain extravagant and unrea- 
 fonable Proportions, whereunto I nevertheleis 
 returned a reafonable Anfwer, defiring to be 
 informed with whom I was to treat, and how 
 they were authorized. Whereunto I never 
 had any Reply, but inftead thereof, had fad 
 Affurances that they fell to deftroying your 
 H 4 Majeftie's
 
 IP4 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 Majeftie's Quarters, and at laft to the block- 
 ing up the City of Dublin, which for mere 
 Want of Powder (whereof there was not in 
 his Majefly's Stores fourteen Barrels) they had 
 carried, if upon fending Commiffioners to. 
 treat with the Parliament, according to what 
 was refolved between my Lord Digby und me, 
 we had not gotten about thirty Barrels from a 
 Sea Captain then in the Bay of Dublin. 
 Whilft Preftcn and Owen Oneile lay thus be- 
 fore the City, there arrived CommifTioners 
 from both Houfes of Parliament, with Power 
 to treat, and with Supplies of Men, Money, 
 and Victuals, which at fuch a Time, being in 
 Want of Food and all Neceffaries for Defence, 
 and blocked up by two ftrong Armies (by 
 whom we expected hourly to be aflaulted) 
 they thought I durft not refufe, upon what 
 Conditions fo ever offered; or if I did, that 
 your Makefile's Army, and the Inhabitants of 
 Dublin would rife againfl me. Yet they 
 wanting your Majeftie's Directions for deliver- 
 ing unto them the Places under your Maje- 
 flic's Authority, and refufmg to fuccour us up- 
 on any other Terms, the Treaty broke orF, 
 and they with their Men were lent away fuf- 
 ficiently difpleafed with me. 
 
 During the Aboad of thofe Commiffioners 
 at Dublin^ began the Treaty between my 
 Lord of Clanricarde and General Fre/hn, to- 
 gether with his Officers; which, though I 
 very much doubted, was drawn on, rather for 
 fear of my Agreement with the aforefaid
 
 Qitle of ORMONDE: 105 
 
 jiiiilioners, and to break off my Treaty with 
 them, than out of any real Intention or In-. 
 cli nation to Peace and Qujetnefs : Yet P reft on 
 ;md his Officers having fo deeply and folemnly 
 ivvorn to ftand to the Peace, and be thence- 
 forth obedient to your Majeflie's Authority, I 
 fuffered myfelf to be perfwaded to undertake 
 and do all Things that by my Lord of Clanri- 
 jcardes Engagement WAS expected from me, 
 the receiving of a rmftering Power of Pref- 
 ton's Men in your Majeity's Garnfons except- 
 ed ; which by all means poffible was endea- 
 voured, though it was neither abfolutely a- 
 greed to by my Lord of Cla'^ricarde, nor by 
 him preft to be affented unto. Which Pre- 
 fure of theirs in that Point, added to my Sufpi- 
 cjon, that all their Profeffions were the Effects 
 of a Contrivance between the Nuncio and 
 Prcjlon^ to procure Entrance into, and the 
 Maftery of Dublin (as fmce it hath appeared 
 to be). Yet 1K11 I refolved to drive them to 
 a Point, and being thereto invited by Prcflori* 
 Agreement with, and Letters to my Lord of 
 C-lttnricarde^ I marched out in Hopes of tlic 
 Conjunction of his Forces with thole few I 
 was able to draw forth, according to his En- 
 gagement. But being come within a Day's 
 March of the Place afligned, I met with a 
 Letter from PreJian-> to the Marquis ofClanri- 
 carde to this Effect, that his Officers not being 
 Excommunication Proof, were fallen from him 
 to the Nuncio's Party ; and therefore he a<J- 
 yifed me to proceed no farther, but expect the 
 
 Iffue
 
 jo6 TZe LIFE of the 
 
 IfTue of a General ArTembly, that was to be at 
 Kilkenny the icth of January following, where 
 he doubted not but things would be fet right, 
 by the Content of the whole Kingdom, which 
 would be much more for his Majefly's Ser- 
 vice, than to attempt the forcing of a Peace 
 upon thofe that were averfe to it. Though I 
 was little fatisfied with that Difappointment, 
 and feared that the Power the Clergy had to 
 fruftrate a Peace, concluded by Virtue of the 
 beft Authority, any Perfon in their Cafe could 
 delegate, would rather increafe than diminim, 
 t>y the Time that was given them to work in; 
 and though I could not apprehend how it 
 could be pofTible for me in the mean time to 
 maintain the Army, or when it mould come 
 to want, to keep off the Cry that would be 
 raifed, for a new Addrefs to the Parliament, 
 the Iri/h having fo often deceived us : Yet, 
 that they might be left without any Excufe 3 I 
 refolved thorough all Difficulties and Hazards 
 to expect the IfFue of that ArTembly. But for 
 the Eafe of our Quarters, which were fo waft- 
 ed by the Enemy's lying before Dublin, and 
 the Deftruction I was forced to make upon 
 their Approach, that they were utterly un- 
 able to maintain the Half of that little Army, 
 I drew out as many more to the Men I had 
 with me, as made them in all about 1200 
 Foot, and 600 Horfe, and with them march'd 
 into their Quarters, 'where, notwithfranding 
 their Provocations by feveral Breaches of Faith 
 aggravated by high and cruel Acts of Hoftili-
 
 Duke of ORMO-NDE. 107 
 
 ty, I fuffered no Violence to be done upon a- 
 ny Man's Perfon or Goods, or any thing to 
 be taken but necelTary Provilion of Meat and 
 Drink; though during my Aboad in this 
 friendly Manner aniongft them, the Captain 
 and Lieutenant of my Guard were barbaroufly 
 murthered upon the Highway, having {laid at 
 a Town a little while after their Company 
 was marched away, in Confidence of the good 
 Affection profeffed by the Country. And tho' 
 not only their new erefted Council had pro- 
 claimed us Enemies, and commanded hot 
 War to be made upon us, but, (which wa$ 
 more contrary to my Expectation) they hat} 
 prevailed with Prejion to difavow any Obli- 
 gation upon him, by the Tranfaction with my 
 Lord of Clanricarde j and at length, after all 
 our Pains taken to make the Nobility and 
 Gentry understand, how much the Honour 
 and Security of their Nation was concerned, 
 in the Vindication of their publick Faith, and 
 in their Submiffions to your Majefty's Autho- 
 rity. After all the Hopes we could defire, was 
 given us by all the conliderable Men of En- 
 glijh Extraction, and by fome well-affefted of 
 the Irifh Defcent ; and after fix Weeks patient 
 Endurance, and very incommodious and ha- 
 zardous Removals, from Place to Place, in the 
 Depth of Winter, there came forth from the 
 ArTembly that ft range Declaration that at once- 
 acquitted thole that had concluded the Peace, 
 as Men fully entrufted, and faithfully dil- 
 charging that Truft ; and yet declared the 
 
 Peace
 
 io8 The LIFE of the 
 
 Peace fo concluded to be void. Soon after 
 came forth certain Proportions offered to 
 them by their Clergy, which they approved 
 of, and iblemnly fwore to infifr, upon them j 
 which were fuch, as I well knt-w your Maje- 
 ftie would never confent unto upon any Conii- 
 deration whatfoever. Kere I humbly conceive 
 your Majcftie will iudge there was a full Pe- 
 riod to all our Hopes from the Iri/b. 
 
 And now your Majeftie may pleafe to un- 
 derfiand, that upon the firft Advancement of 
 the Armies under Prefton and Qsveji Oneile'* 
 leading to the City of Dublin, I applied My- 
 felf for Succour to the Scots in the North of 
 Ireland, by whofe Anfwer fent by one Cap- 
 tain Cunningham, both in writing and verbally, 
 and alfo by the Papers that palled from the 
 Scots Commiilioners in England, and more 
 particularly thofe faid to be the Speeches of 
 the Chancellor of Scotland, I conceived fome 
 Hopes, that poffibly fome Ufe might be made 
 of them for the Prefervation of your Maje- 
 flic's Intereft in Ireland. Whereunto to in- 
 vite them, I employed my beft Endeavours., 
 by my Anfwers to Cunningham, and by fend- 
 ing ibon after him Major Scafoivle Gibjln, a 
 Man of approved Faithfulnefs ; but he return^- 
 ing to me with an unfatisfacl:ory Anfwer to my 
 Propofitions, I inftructed Sir George Hamilton, 
 and fent him from Dublin, to attend your 
 Majeitie then (as I hoped) upon good Terms 
 with your Scotifo Subjects at Newcajlle ; and 
 in his Way he was initructed to rna^e Tryal- 
 
 once
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 109 
 
 once more of the Affections of the Scots Army. 
 He began his Journey at the Time I was 
 drawing forth upon Prefton's Invitation -, but 
 through Sicknefs was forced to ftay fomeDays 
 at Dundaik ; and during his Stay thereabouts, 
 he delired a Meeting with Colonel "John Ha- 
 milton^ which being given him, he from him 
 underllood the Reiblution taken by the Parli- 
 ament of Scotland, and by their Army, to de- 
 liver your Majefly to the Houfes of Parliament 
 in England, and with a fad AiTurance thereof, 
 Sir George returned to me to Trym, where he 
 found me, and the Party I had with me, in 
 fuch Want of Provillon, and fo harrafs'd, that 
 within a few Days, after having made fomc 
 fuccefslefs Inroads into the County of Cavan^ 
 for the gaining of Cattle, and hearing from 
 your Mujefty's Council at Dublin y that the In- 
 habitants there being brought to extreme Po- 
 verty, flatly refufed longer to contribute to- 
 wards the Support of die Army, I was forced 
 to return to Dublin. Where, upon Confide- 
 ration of our weak and defperate Condition, 
 and of the Approach of the Spring, which 
 would certainly bring forne Enemy againft as, 
 it was unanimoufly refolded by all your Maje- 
 fly's Council and Servants then there,, that it 
 was more for your Majeftie's Honour and Ser- 
 vice, and consequently more agreeable to your 
 Pleafure, which we then had neither Means, 
 nor Time to confulf, to put Diibiin, and all 
 the Garrifons that remained in Obedience to 
 ycur Majefty into the Hands of the two 
 
 Houfes
 
 iio The LIFE of the 
 
 Houfes of Parliament in England, than to fu 
 fer them to be taken by the Irijh. And for 
 this Opinion, fome of the Reafons were : 
 Firft, It Was doubted it would give too much 
 Advantage to thofe Calumnies that had been 
 caft upon your Majeftie, of too much favour- 
 ing the Popim Religion, if all the Churches 
 in the Quarters, yielding Obedience to your 
 Majeftie, mould be given, or fuffered to be 
 taken, to the Ufe of that Religion j and the 
 Exercife of the Proteftant Religion, either to- 
 tally fuppreffed, or at the beft, be allowed by 
 Connivance in Corners, a Favour not then af- 
 forded to any within the Irifh Quarters., Se-^ 
 condly, It was feared it might reflect on your 
 Majeftie's Honour, if thofe Servants and Sub- 
 jects of yours, that had fo conftantly ferved 
 you, and continued fo to do, long after your 
 Majefty had no one Place, that I can call to 
 mind, holding for you in all your three King- 
 doms, mould at laft be fubjected to the Ty- 
 ranny of thofe that then ruled amongfl the 
 Irifo ; from whom what Ufage they were to 
 expect, was plain by their frequent Perfidies, 
 by the Ufage of others of your Majeftie's Par- 
 ty fallen into their Hands, and by their ha- 
 ving given Reft to all Places and People hold- 
 ing for the Parliament, that they might bend 
 the united Strength of their Part of the King- 
 dom againft us, that only upheld your Maje- 
 fty 's Authority, that only had made, and kept 
 about three Years Ceffation with them, and 
 that only offered them, nay, that went a beg- 
 ging
 
 Duh of ORMONDE. 113 
 
 ging to them to their own Door with Peace. 
 A third Reafon was, upon Con fide ration of 
 the Intereft of your Majefty's Crown j where- 
 in it, appeared in fome Clearnefs to us, that 
 if the Places we held for your MajelHe were 
 put into the Hands of the two Houfes of Par- 
 liament, they would revert to your Majeftie, 
 when either by Treaty, or otherwife, you 
 would recover your Rights in England-, and 
 that in all Probability without Expence of 
 Trcafure or Blood, But if they were given, 
 or loft to the Confederates, it was to us very 
 evident, that they would never be recovered 
 by Treaty, your Majeftie' s known pious Re- 
 folution, and the exorbitant Expectations in 
 Point of Religion confidered ; nor by Con- 
 queft, but after a long and chargeable War, 
 wherein, how far they might be affifted by 
 any foreign Prince that would believe his Af- 
 fairs advanced or fecured, by keeping your 
 Majeftie bulled at home, fell likewife into 
 Confideration. 
 
 The Marquis, though he had the Satisfac- 
 tion of finding that his Endeavours, however 
 unproiperous were well accepted, and that he 
 ftill retained the Favour of his Sovereign, was 
 yet by no Means in a State of Happinefs or 
 Safety. For he was not only afflicied with 
 the Misfortunes of his Mafter, who was then 
 vifibly lofing the little Influence and Refpedt 
 which his Character had hitherto enabled him 
 to retain, even among thofe who now had 
 I him
 
 ii2 Tie L I F E of the 
 
 him in their Power ; but 'he was likewise 
 himfelf . harrafled with perfonal Difficulties, 
 the Debts which he had contracted for the 
 publick Service were now required to be dif- 
 charged. Indeed he had by his Capitulation 
 
 fix Months to liquidate them: But 
 1648. this Term being very near expired, he 
 
 made his Apprehenlions, from them, 
 the Pretext for going oft privately, though 
 the real Motives, were an Order from the 
 Committee at jD^r^y-Houfe, dated February 
 1 5, requiring him to fend them upon his Pa- 
 role of Honour, and under his own Hand, 
 an AfTurance that he would not, during his 
 Refidence in England^ do any Thing in Di- 
 fcrvice of the Parliament ; and he had no In- 
 clination to be ferved with this Order j he was 
 alfo fenfible they were grown jealous of him, 
 and wanted no Pretence to feize upon hisPer- 
 fon, for which he had been advifed a War- 
 rant was actually iflued j it was therefore pru- 
 dent to provide for his King's Intereft, by 
 fecuring his own Liberty: and croffing the 
 Country from Afton^ about ten Miles diftdnt 
 from Briftol, where he had fixed his Kefi- 
 dence the better to carry on the Correfpon- 
 dence he had entered into with the Lord In- 
 cbiquin, took fhipping at Haftings in Sttffex, 
 landed at Diepe, and went to pay his Duty 
 to the Queen and Prince at Paris j where lie 
 correfponded with the Earls of London^ Lau- 
 derdak and Lanerick in Scotland, by the 
 Means of Sir J. Hamilton -, and by the Inter- 
 vention
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 113 
 
 Vention of Colonel "John Barry kept up, in 
 Ireland, the Correfpondence he had before 
 fettled with Lord Inchiquin, who fincerely 
 affected to Monarchy and the Englijh Confti- 
 tution, was refolved at all Hazards, feeing 
 the Independents taking large Strides toward 
 the Murder of the King, and DeprerBon of 
 the Nobility, to ferve and reftore his Majefty. 
 The Marquifs had not been long at Paris 
 before Agents, deputed from the General Af- 
 fembly, arrived there, from Ireland, to the 
 Queen and Prince to treat of a Peace, as the 
 only Expedient to fave the Kingdom. The 
 Marquifs was confulted, and gave his Opi- 
 nion, on the Demands they brought, and 
 the Method nece&iry to be followed to pro- 
 mote his Majeffcy's Interefl to which 'twas 
 thought the Marquifs might greatly contri- 
 bute by his Return thither, and he not only 
 deiigned it, but made what Provifion he was 
 able, to that End, equally wifhed and urged 
 by the Well-affected among the Confederates, 
 and by the Lord Inchiquin on whom they chief] y 
 depended; but it was neceiTary, previoufly, to 
 reconcile fome Animofities between him, Incbi- 
 quin, and Lord Broghill, General of theHorfe, 
 which if not removed might greatly obftrudt 
 the Meafures of the former, notwithstanding 
 they had equally his Majefty's Interefts at 
 Heart ; wherefore he thought it abfolutely ne- 
 cefTary to reconcile thefe two, that they might 
 unite in the Support of the Royal Caufe. 
 having been allured of Incbiquin's Refolution, 
 I 2 he
 
 LIFE of the 
 
 he endeavoured, even before he left England, 
 to engage Broghill in, and found him as ready 
 as he could have wifhed to enter upon, fo 
 glorious an Enterprize ; nay he found his 
 Lordfhip, generous enough to make his Re- 
 fentments give Place to the Royal Service, 
 and willing to be the firft in his Advances* to 
 a Reconciliation with JncMqufn, which was 
 extremely well received by the Queen and 
 Prince j but the Parliament of England alter- 
 ing their propofed Meafures, render'd abor- 
 tive the Views of the Marquis and thefc No- 
 blemen 
 
 The Maquifs's Return to Ireland^ being, 
 as Affairs then flood, the only Method could 
 be taken to fave the Kingdom made him ve- 
 ry importunate with the French Court for the 
 neceffary Supplies ; but he was long delay'd, 
 and at length was put off with fuch a trifling 
 Sum, that it was confumed in Neceffaries 
 for the Voyage and the Subfiftence of his At- 
 tendants, before he could get his Difpatches 
 from St. Germains, and embark for Ireland. 
 However he arrived in that Kingdom, where 
 he was impatiently expecled by Inchiquin, 
 landing at Cork, the twenty-ninth of September 
 one thoiifand fix hundred forty-eight, with 
 no more than thirty French Piftoles for his mi- 
 litary C%/?, far fhort of fix thoufand Pounds, 
 which Lord Inchiquin had marked as a Sum 
 abfolutely neceffary to provide for the Support 
 of his Forces, and to keep their Affe&ons 
 tntire to his Majefty's Service, whofe Hopes of 
 
 Relief
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 Relief, then under great Strieghts, were found- 
 ed on his Arrival. 
 
 The Marquis had no Power but from 
 the Queen and Prince to conclude a Peace 
 with the Irijh'y but this, however, he got 
 ratified by the King, then Prifoner in the Ifle 
 of Wight, and with this Ratification, which 
 was by Letter only, he received his Majefty's 
 Commands to difobey all publick Orders, 
 which he ihould give him, while under Re- 
 ftraint. 
 
 The uniting Ireland in his Majefty's Inte- 
 refts, was the only vifible Means to fave his 
 Life, and the only propofed End of the Mar- 
 quis's Return to that Kingdom ; with this 
 View he publifhed a Declaration the Sixth of 
 O Stoker, <c in which he mentions his having 
 " delivered up Dublin to the Parliament, 
 " with his Reafons for fo doing ; he declares, 
 " that he deems it his Duty to ufe his Endea- 
 " vours to recover his Majefty's Rights, and 
 " obferves, that the Proteftant Army in Mun- 
 " fter t having manifefted their Integrity to 
 4< the King's Perfon and Right, and difclaim- 
 " ed all Obedience to the Enemies of both, 
 " was efteemed by the King as an eminent 
 a and feafonablc Expreffion of their Loyalty. 
 " in Tefttmony of fuch his Sentiments his 
 c< Majefty had commanded him to repair to 
 <f that Province, to difcharge the Duty of his 
 tc Place : that he had refolved publickly to 
 * c evince not only his Approbation of that 
 '* Army's Proceedings, but his own Refolu- 
 I 3 * tion
 
 n6 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 " tion in the fame Particulars ; that he would 
 " employ his utmoft Endeavours for fettling 
 " the Proteftant Religion, for defending the 
 " King in his Prerogatives, for maintaining 
 " the Privileges and Freedom of Parliament 
 " and the Liberty of the Subject He de- 
 " clares he will at the Hazard of his Life, 
 <c oppofe all Rebels who mail refufe Obe- 
 <c dience to his Majefty, on the Terms he 
 " mail require it, and endeavour the Suppref- 
 " lion of the Independents. That to prevent 
 c all Diftruft from former Differences he 
 " declares himfelf fully authorifed to afTure 
 " them that no Diftindion mall be made on 
 <c any fuch Account, but that all who engaged 
 " in the Caufe mould be treated with equal 
 <c Regard and Favour ; that the part fhould 
 t be forgot, and he would ufe his utmofl Di- 
 c ligence to provide for their Subfiftence, and 
 <c do them all the good Offices in his Power, 
 4< requiring no other Return than their Perfe- 
 " verance, G"r." 
 
 The Marquis, tho' unaffifted, entered up- 
 on the Treaty of Peace with the Confederates, 
 and after having, with indefatigable Zeal, un- 
 wearied Diligence, Labour, and exemplary 
 fteady Loyalty, furmounted many Difficulties, 
 it was at length concluded ; but not till fome 
 Days preceding that execrable Parricide was 
 perpetrated, which we have no great Reafon 
 to flatter ourfelves, is as yet attoned, iince 
 we have among us Men, who publickly and 
 with Impunity, avow the horrid Principles of 
 
 thele
 
 Duke ^ORMONDE. 117 
 
 thefe deteflable Regicides ; and we may juftly 
 'apprehend, that while a Crime of fo black a 
 D/>, as has fixed an indelible Stain upon the 
 Nation, is not only unrepented, but gloried 
 in, and the very Day fet apart by the Govern- 
 ment for deprecating the Wrath of God 
 (hall be made a Feftival, a Day of Rejoic- 
 ing, for the moft monftrous, the moft im- 
 pious, the moft uunatural Act that ever Na- 
 tion was guilty of, and the ridiculing the 
 Memory and Sufferings of the moft mode- 
 rate, the moft pious, and moft exemplary 
 Prince that ever adorned the Britijh Diadem, 
 That the Hand of God is yet upon us ; or, 
 what is more terrible, that he has left us to 
 ourfelves : And if we are in this miferable 
 Situation, it will be nothing wonderful if 
 we are blind to our Interefts, or that Ob- 
 jects appearing, to our infatuated Eyes, the 
 Reverfe of what they are, we feek and pur- 
 fue our Deftruction, while we think we are 
 wifely providing for our Happinefs : but the 
 Reverend Mr. Carte's juft Reflections, on the 
 Judgments on this Nation, in Confequence 
 of that horrid Murther, put here an End to 
 mine. 
 
 The Marquh was inexpreflibly grieved when 
 he received an Account of the 'King's Mur- 
 der tho' it was what he had long forefeen, as 
 knowing his Enemies capable of the moft 
 enormous Crimes. He immediately 'caufed the 
 Prince to be proclaimed in all the Towns 
 *vhl( :h were iubiect to Royal Authority. 
 
 I 4 The
 
 n8 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 The Marquis had many and very great 
 Difficulties to ftruggle with, arifing from am- 
 bitious Pretenfions, in which it was impof- 
 
 lible to pleafe all, confequently, the 
 1649. Difappointed were alfo the Difcon- 
 
 tented : befide the Roman Clergy en- 
 deavoured to inflame the Minds of the Peo- 
 ple, and Owen O'Nei/e, who commanded a 
 Body of five thoufand Foot and three thou- 
 fand Horfe, of the bed and moft experienced 
 of the Irijh Forces, would upon no Terms, 
 but his own, which the obftinate Irifo Com- 
 mimoners could not be induced to comply 
 with, liften to any Accommodation, hop- 
 ing to make good Conditions with the Inde- 
 pendents in E?igland, with whom a Negocia- 
 tion was carrying on by the Abbe Crelly, and 
 the Intervention of the Spanifo Ambaffador, 
 O'Nei/e defigning to quit Ireland, and enter 
 into that Service. Add to thefe Obftructions 
 to the King's Service, the Avarice and Par- 
 tiality to Friends of the -Coinmiili oners for 
 raffing Money in the Country ; the great 
 Want of that, and Provifions, and the Con- 
 federates reducing a great Number of Forces, 
 under Pretence that the Provinces could not 
 pay them, and thefe Men going over to, an 
 enlifting with, O l Neile y it is eafy, without 
 enumerating more, to judge the perplexing 
 Situation of the Marquis. There was one Re- 
 medy to all thefe Evils, the Prefence of tlic 
 King, which he advifed and earneflly prefled, 
 when he was Prince, and after the Mur- 
 der
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 119 
 
 der of his Royal Father, as it would have 
 ftrengthened his Party by the Acceffion .of 
 O'Netle's, and if not all, of the greater Part 
 of Jones's Army j have put an End to many 
 troublefome Pretenlions, and have united the 
 Kingdom in his Service, which was obftrucl:- 
 ed by even thofe who were fent to aflift the 
 Marquis, and who through Envy to him, 
 Avarice , Indolence, Pride , or concealed 
 Views, flighted his Advice, and rendered the 
 Aid he had expected from the Fleet altogether 
 vain, tho' it might have been of the moft 
 fignal Service in diftreffing the Enemy and 
 reducing the whole Kingdom. 
 
 His Majejly convinced by the Strength of 
 his Excellency's Arguments, refoived upon 
 following his Advice and pafling over into 
 Ireland, but was fruftrated in his Defign by 
 the Scots Commiffioners who were fent from 
 the Convention in Scotland to him, in Holland* 
 with moft infolent Propofitions, and by the 
 mean Artifice of the Deputies of the States, 
 who warmly efpoufed their Caufe. 
 
 The Marquis, left alone to ftruggle with 
 innumerable Difficulties, was not however 
 difcouraged, but like the ^uick-fiher in the 
 Tube of a Barometer, which rifes in Propor- 
 tion to the Weight of the Atmofphere y his 
 Spirits feemed to rife in Proportion to the 
 Difficulties he had to encounter; for with 
 a. fmall Army, withour Money, without Pro- 
 vifions, but not without Difgufts, among 
 themfelves, not entirely to be depended upon, 
 
 and
 
 120 The LIFE of the 
 
 and at the fame time advifed of a Defign to 
 afTaffinate him, he meditated a Delign upon 
 Dublin, which might have been ealily carried, 
 had others been equaly vigilant, diligent, and 
 zealous for his Majefry's Service. The taking 
 this City would undoubtedly have been the 
 Reduction of the whole Kingdom, and might 
 probably have been the Means of wrefting out 
 of the Poffeffion of the Ufurpers thofe of Eng- 
 land and Scotland : but we deferved more the 
 heavy Wrath of God than we merited fo fignal 
 a Bleffing ; Heaven curfed us in the Succefs 
 we wifhed ; the Profperity which we pray'd 
 for, was indeed a Scourge of Scorpions, and 
 we became as wretched at Home as we were 
 contemptible Abroad, by the Completion of 
 our Defires, till our Miferies opened our Eyes 
 to our Sins and Follies, and convinced us, that 
 returning to our Duty, was the only Way to 
 prevent our total Deftrudion, we having, de- 
 luded with the empty Sound of Religion, Li- 
 berty, and Property, fought and made our 
 Kingdom in a manner defolate to eitabliili 
 Hypocrify, to render our Pofleffions precarious, 
 and to become Slaves of the very Dregs of the 
 People. 
 
 The Marquis being obliged to raife. the 
 Blockade of Dublin y \)y Crow-wet's having land- 
 ed there with Forces, Money and Provtjtwt,, 
 and by the Death of O'Nef/e, with whom 
 he was in "Treaty, and had gained over to his 
 Majefty's Intereft, broke the Meafures of hit- 
 Excellency, and changed his Situation from 
 
 art
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 121 
 
 an ofFenfive to a defenfive War. He was at the 
 fame time deftitute of Money, and Proviflon 
 to keep his Troops together, and by his Autho- 
 rity being greatly clogged by that of the Com- 
 miflioners co-ordinate, of the Confederates, 
 without whofe Concurrence he could do no- 
 thing among the Irifk. Being thus cramp'd 
 in Power, he again thought the King's Pre- 
 fence abfolutely neceffcry, as that of the Co- 
 ordinates was then to ceafe. Notwithftand- 
 ing the Marquis had written to his Majefty 
 cc to wait the Succefs of his Attempt upon 
 " Dublin^ tho' there was no apparent Dan- 
 " ger for the King's Perfon." But his Ma- 
 jefty having fent to "the Marquis for a State pjf 
 Affairs in Ireland^ and for his Opinion as to 
 his going thither, at the fame time fending 
 him the Garter, tho' by his Anfwer he gave his 
 Majefty a melancholy Account of the Situ- 
 ation of that Kingdom, yet he urged his Com- 
 ing into it, for which he gave his Reafons : 
 but before his Letter reached Jerfey, where 
 the King then was, the Scotijh Policy had 
 removed from about his Perfon, by the fpeci- 
 ous Pretences of his Service, his ableft Coun- 
 fellors, and his Majefty's deviating from his 
 former Refolutions agreed to the Scot's Pro- 
 pofitions of like Tenor, with thofe he had 
 rejected in Holland, and was prevailed upon 
 to defert his Father's and his own- bed Friends, 
 and bring a Stain on his Reputation, when 
 he had, in i- manner, nothing elfe to depend 
 upon 5 and by playing the Hypocrite, deftroy- 
 
 ed
 
 122 The LIFE of the 
 
 ed that Confidence fo efTentially neceffary to 
 the Honour and Interefts of a Prince that his 
 Subjects fhould repofe in his Character. 
 
 The Marquis having long and patiently 
 wreftled with Avarice, Obftinacy, irremove- 
 able Jealoufies, and Animofities, Treachery, 
 Difcontents, vilainous Forgeries, Want of 
 all NecefTaries for Support or for War, ab- 
 ftracted Interefts, Confufion, infuperable Dif- 
 trufts, Corruption, Negligence, Cowardice, 
 Defection, Dejection, Stupidity, Contempt of, 
 and Difobedience to, Authority, perfonal Ne- 
 glect and Ambition, which laft poflemng the 
 Hearts of thofe who were fent to affift in his 
 Majefty's Affairs, occafioned their entire Ru- 
 in ; while the Ufurpers wanted nothing necef- 
 fary to pufh on their Conquefts, to make Ac- 
 quifitions as well by Bribery, as by their 
 Arms, and found Traitors as ready to receive 
 as they were to give. The Marquis, I fay, hav- 
 ing with unparallelled Refolution and Con- 
 ftancy ftruggled againft fuch a fweeping Tor- 
 rent, which had collected the Streams of 
 every obftructive Evil, finding all Endeavours 
 
 vain ; hopelefs of preferring the King- 
 1650. dom in his Majefty's Obedience, and, 
 
 at the fame time, anxious for his own 
 Character, as knowing Cenfure was the infe- 
 parable Attendant on Difafters however un- 
 avoidable, entreated his Majcfty to recal him, 
 and obtained his Confent to withdraw: but 
 yet would not, difagreeable as was his Situa- 
 tion, and infinccre as he found the Bifhops, 
 
 whom
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 123 
 
 whom he convened to confult on the diftractcd 
 State of the Nation, prefer his own Quiet to 
 his Majefty's Interefts, and leave the King- 
 dom, while he had the leaft Probability, on 
 which he could ground any Hope of its Pre- 
 fervation, the only Point he had in View, and 
 which engroffed his whole Attention, but 
 which the Power and Refractorinefs of the 
 Clergy; the abfolute and infuperable Obfti- 
 nacy of Limerick and Gal-way, the former 
 having received Proportions and Mened to 
 Overtures from the Rebels, without his Con- 
 fent, or even Knowledge, made it impoffible, 
 for him to accomplim - t even, either to gather, 
 or keep together an Army, or prevent his 
 being enclofed by the Enemy, and with all 
 who withftood them, be given into their Hands 
 by Treachery. He had no longer the leaft- 
 Hopes of Succefs, and confequently his lon- 
 ger Stay in Ireland, could no way be of 
 Service to his Majefty's Intereft, if not by 
 preventing the different Parties from making 
 Terms with the Enemy, and farther his Ma-r 
 jefty's Defigns to attack England with a 
 Scotifo Army, by caufmg fome Diver lion in 
 Ireland; thefe Conflderations were however 
 fufficient to prevail on him not to quit the 
 Kingdom, till it was abfolutely impoffible for 
 him to contribute any Thing to the keeping 
 it in Obedience to his Majefty, notwithftand- 
 ing the groundlefs and incredible Afperfions 
 cift on him, by the Clergy, who at length 
 rejected the King's Authority, and infilled 
 
 on
 
 124 The LIFE of the 
 
 on his Lieutenant's quitting the Kingdom; 
 nay, to fuch a Heigth of Prefumption did 
 they arrive , that they fent him a MefTage 
 defining him to leave Ireland without Delay ; 
 to which, his Loyalty, prevailed on him to re- 
 turn a mild Anfwer, tho' he had vainly ap- 
 pointed them to meet and confer with him, 
 and they had replied by a Declaration again/! 
 continuing of his Majeftfs Authority in the 
 Lord Lieutenant; excommunicating all that 
 fhould adhere to, affift, fupport, give, him 
 Intelligence, or obey his Commands : their De- 
 fign being to throw off the Englijh Govern- 
 ment, and to fubjed: Ireland to fome foreign 
 Roman catkolick Power. His laft Effort for 
 the King's Service was the Calling a General 
 Aflembly at Logreab, in which he acquainted 
 them with his Defign of departing, requiring 
 them to confider on the moft probable Means 
 of preferving the Kingdom from utter Ruin. 
 Having the King's PermifTion, and being again 
 requefled by the Clergy, he put to Sea on the 
 Eleventh of December, and in about three 
 Weeks, after a tempeftuous Voyage, landed 
 a.t Perofe in Bajfe Bretagne leaving the Mar- 
 quis of Clanricarde Deputy of the Kingdom, 
 
 of the Affairs of which it is foreign to 
 1651. my Defign to take any farther Notice 
 
 than as they coincide with what re- 
 lates to the Marquis, who having landed in 
 France in the Beginning of January, one 
 thoufand fix hundred fifty-one, after few 
 Days Stay with his Family at Caen, went on 
 
 the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 125 
 
 the Twenty-firft to pay his Duty to the 
 at Paris, and acquaint her Majefty with the 
 State of Affairs in Ireland-, which having 
 done he returned to his Family, where he 
 continued till the latter End of June. He made 
 a fecond Journey to Paris to wait on the Duke 
 of Tork, he there remained a Month, the 
 Duke requiring his Afiiftance in fettling and 
 proportioning the Experice of his Family to 
 his fmall Penfion of four tboufand Piftoles a 
 a Year allowed him by the Court of France. 
 This being done, he again vifited-and 
 ftaid with his Family, till his Majefty 1652. 
 efcaped from the Battle of Worcefter, 
 and from the Purfuit and narrow Search made 
 for him, returned to Paris. 
 
 The Marquis was reduced at this Time to 
 very great Streights, being obliged to board 
 himfelf at a Piftole a Week ; to <walk on 
 Poof, which is not very reputable at Paris, 
 and his Family not able longer to fubfift in 
 Caen: For the Penfion granted to his Ma- 
 jefty not exceeding fix thoufand Piftoles, bare- 
 ly fufficed for his own Table, confequently, 
 there was nothing to be expected for his Ser- 
 vants. Thefe Circumftahces made it riecefTary 
 for the Support of the Marquis $> Family 
 that the Marchionefs mould go over to 1653. 
 England, and follicit the Parliament 
 for an Allowance out of her own hereditary 
 Eftate. She at length obtained an Order of 
 Parliament to authorife the Commiflioners for 
 Irijb Affairs to fet apart, for a Provifion for 
 
 her
 
 126 The LIFE of the 
 
 her and her Children, the clear yearly Valui. 
 of two thoufand Pounds out of her own In- 
 heritance, with Denerjiore-IIoufc, near Kil- 
 kenny for her Abode, where fhe continued, 
 and never faw her Lord till after the King's 
 Reftoration. The Marquis attended his Ma- 
 jcfty at Paris, till the Treaty between the 
 'Court of France and Cromwell made the 
 King's Departure from that Kingdom indi- 
 fpenfably neceffary ; wherefore having obtain* 
 ed of the Cardinal Mazarine barely fufficient 
 to pay his Debts, and defray the Expences 
 
 of his Journey, he fet out from Paris 
 1655. for Spaa, where meeting his Sifter the 
 
 Princefs of Orange, they went toge- 
 ther to Aix la Chapelle, and after a Month's 
 Stay in that Town his Majefty, attended by 
 the Marquis, who had never quitted him, went 
 to Cologne ; but hardly had he been here three 
 Months, before he was ordered back to Pa- 
 ris to wait on the Duke of Glocefter, from 
 thence to Cologne, Cromwell having at the 
 latter End of the Year one thoufand fix hun- 
 dred and fifty-two, permitted his Royal High- 
 nefs to depart England. After having conduct- 
 ed the Duke to the King he was ordered to 
 the Hague to attend the Princefs Royal to his 
 MajeJIy. The Marquis, early in the Spring, 
 was fent to the Duke of Ne-wburg to engage 
 him to employ his Intereft at the Court of 
 Brujfels, to engage their efpoufing his Majefty's 
 Caufe, and for promoting a Treaty of Alli- 
 ance between the King of Edgland and the 
 
 King
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 127 
 
 King of Spain, that Duke being in perfecJ A~ 
 mity with the Spaniards, and defirous to ferve 
 the King of England. He however for very 
 fubftantial Reafons, thought dny Overtures of 
 this Nature, might, at that Juncture, rather 
 prejudice than advance his Majefty's Interefts. 
 
 The Peace concluded between France 
 and Cromwell, another between him 1656. 
 and Portugal, and the taking Jamaica 
 made it the Intereft of the Spanijh Court to 
 diftrefs Cromwell, as much as poilible ; but not- 
 withftanding the above Treaty had been en- 
 tered upon, it went on very ilowly, and his 
 Majefty, till the Arrival of Don John, ob- 
 tained no more than the Permiffion of refiding 
 incognito at Bruges -, and a Promife of the Af- 
 iiftance of 6000 Men, with a Quantity of 
 Arms and Ammunition to make a Defcent, 
 when he (hould be Mafler of a good Port in 
 England. With Don John he entered into a 
 new Treaty, which afforded him an immedi- 
 ate Support of 3000 Crowns a Month. His 
 Majefty loft no Time in removing into Fland- 
 ers, and from thence fent for the Duke of Tork 
 to come to him to Bruges, which Command 
 his Royal Highnefs obey'd, having before he 
 fate out engaged fome of the chief Ififo Offi- 
 cers, then in the French Service. His Ma- 
 jefty formed Jive orfx Regiments of fuch of 
 his Subjects as were then in the SpaniJJj Ser- 
 vice, and of thofe who had left that of the 
 French, which were by much the greater 
 K Nurn-
 
 128 rhe LIFE of the 
 
 Number, and moflly Irift. The Marquis had 
 the Command of one of thefe Regiments. 
 
 The Marquis in the Beginning of this Year, 
 being employ'd by the King to Don John, he 
 receiv'd alfo an Order from him, to iignify on 
 all proper Opportunities to his Subjects, in the 
 French Service, that his Majefty had prefent 
 Occalion to employ them in his own. An Event 
 of War gave the Marquis an Opportunity to 
 follow thefe Infractions, and the Pleafure to 
 fee their wifhed for Effects: to evince the 
 little Dependence there is on Treaties with 
 the French, and to mortify, and expofe 
 Cardinal Mazarine, who was guilty of a Fal- 
 fity to ferve a Turn. But this Affair cannot be 
 fet in a clearer Light, than the Marquis him- 
 felf has placed it, wherefore I mall give it in 
 his Words, in a Letter to Oliver Darcy, titu- 
 tular Bifiop cf Dromore, to whom the Cardi- 
 nal had made a falfe Reprefentation of Fads, 
 and afpers'd the Marquis. 
 
 " His Majefty, about the Be- 
 Sept. 1656. " ginning of Augujl, thought fit 
 " to employ me about fome Af- 
 " fairs of his, to his Highricfs Don Juan, and 
 " among other Things, gave me Order, upon 
 "all fitting Opportunities, to fignify to any 
 " of his Subjects in the French Service, that 
 <c his Majefty had prefent Ufe for them in his; 
 * and to require them to march to fuch Pla- 
 " ces as I mould direct them. In purfuance 
 " of this Order, upon the rendring of Conde, 
 " I made the King's Pkafure known to Col. 
 
 <x Mujkrery^
 
 Duke tf/*'O?vMONBr. 1.2.9 
 
 <( ' Mujkerry, and Sir Jtwes Btzrcy \ \yli6 there- 
 < upon, exprefled all poffible puty to his 
 " Majefly, and all Readinefs to obey his 
 " Commands, as his mod loyal and obe- 
 ".dicnt Subjects; but they, defired, in Per- 
 " formance of that Duty, to have Liberty to 
 " provide for their Honour, by demanding 
 cc their Difmijfion, from his moft Chriftian Ma- 
 " jelly ; which they conceived could not be 
 " deny'd them, Proviiion having been made 
 < in their Capitulation for it, and for a 
 <c Months Pay for the Officers and Soldiers, 
 " at parting. I confefs, I neither was, nor 
 " nor am yet fatisfy'4, that there was a Ne^ 
 <c ceiTity for this Formality, (their own King's 
 <c Command interpofing, and extending no 
 tc farther than to come and ferve under his 
 <{ Commiffions, and by his Orders, and no 
 <c other) but that they might very well dif- 
 " pence withthe demanding of Paffports,ifthey 
 <c would quit their Pretenfions to a Months 
 c Pay, and as they. might reafonably fufpec^ 
 tc they would be broken with, in this, as they 
 " have been in other Particulars, equajy ca- 
 " pitulated for them." 
 
 <{ Yet their perfifting in their Belief it was 
 " neceffary, and engaging their Honours to 
 <c me, to demand their Paffports, and in cafe 
 " they (honld be either refufed or granted, 
 :c to do what became, them in Allegiance; I 
 " made no Attempt to draw their Officers or 
 " Men from them, and this is what has hi- 
 <( thcrto.jpaft in this Matter; except that I 
 K 2 ana
 
 130 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 " am lately affured, that Mujksrry hath de- 
 " manded his Pafs, but with what Succefs I 
 " cannot tell. However, I muft conclude 
 " that his Eminence, when he fays my Soli- 
 " citations have proved ineffectual, either was 
 " not well inform'd, or intended not fo much 
 " your Information in the Truth of that Paf- 
 " fage> as to endeavour to corrupt the Offi- 
 " cers and Soldiers of the IHJh Nation, where 
 " you are, and to difpofe them to difobey 
 " their King's Orders fwhen they fhould be 
 " fentthem)by laying before them a feigned 
 " Example of Difobedience of others; which 
 " tho' it had been true, ought rather to have 
 <c been detefted than imitated. 
 
 " For what concerns the King, my Matter's 
 *' good Treatment in France^ and the Con- 
 " tinuance of a Monthly Affiftance to him, 
 tc from thence purged by the Cardinal^ toar- 
 " gue his Majefty's Ingratitude, or me of 
 " Indifcretion or Impofture) I mall not fay 
 <c more, than that his Majefty is well known 
 " to be of a Nature much more inclined to for- 
 <c get Injuries than Benefits ; and that it falls not 
 c< within my Province, in his Affairs, to know 
 " when, or from whence he receives Money. 
 tc But that my Proceedings at Conde were 
 " warranted and approved, will be evident to 
 " you, by the enclofcd Copy of the Orders 
 " his Majefty fent to Colonel Mujkerry, and 
 " Sir James Darcy y and by thofe which the 
 " Officers with you, may in due time receive. 
 " So that I cannot but wonder fo great and 
 
 " wife
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 131 
 
 tc wife a Minifter as his Eminence (to ferve any 
 '* prefent Turn, how important foever) mould 
 " make ufe of fuch Artifices, * as not only arc 
 * * liable to prefent Detedlion and Refutation, 
 ** but are, in the laft Degree, injurious to the 
 " Honour and Reputation of a Servant, who 
 " hath pun&ually obferved, and not at all 
 " exceeded his Mailer's Commands. I think 
 " I know what is due, from me, to the firft 
 " Minifter of a great King ; and I am fure, 
 " there is no Man mail, upon all Occaiions, 
 <c treat him with more Refped:. But then I 
 " expedt to be treated alfo as a Gentleman, 
 <c and not to be charged with an indifcreet 
 " Zeal, or with acting without warrant, 
 " thro' Partiality to the Service of the Spaniard^ 
 " and to the Dif-fervice of my Matter, as I 
 u am by his Eminence ; to whom, as I owe 
 " no Account of my Difcretion, fo I take 
 " him always to be an incompetent Judge of 
 " my Fidelity, and at this Time, no very 
 " proper one, of what is good or bad for my 
 " Matter's Service. 
 
 c< And fince he hath been pleafed to ufurp 
 " an Authority to judge and condemn me, 
 ct with Circumftances of Calumny, not u- 
 " fually proceeding from the Minifter of one 
 " Prince, to the Servant of another, I con- 
 " ceive he gives me juft Ground to put you in 
 <c mind, that by his Miniftration, an Alliance 
 " is made between Frame, and the Murther- 
 " ers of a juft and lawful King ; and that not 
 " only withe ut any Neceflity, but upon fuch 
 K3 - "in-
 
 1 3 2 Tbe L I F E of the 
 
 " infamous Conditions, as no Neceffity cart 
 " juftify ; I mean the bamming out of France 
 " difpoflefs'd Princes, the Grand-children to 
 " Henry IV. Add to this, that his Eminence 
 " is the Instrument of fuch an Alliance, as 
 tc gives Countenance and Support to the U- 
 " lurpers of the Rights of Kings, and the 
 " profeffed Perfecutors of the Roman Catho- 
 " licks, and the Deftroyers of your Nation, 
 " and to thoie by whom the Nobility and 
 " Gentry of it are maflacred at Home, and 
 " led into Slavery, or driven to Beggary A- 
 " broad, &c. 
 
 Young Mujkerry on his Arrival at Pan's, 
 demanded a Difmiffion for him and 
 
 1656. his Men; the Gcirdinaly with Un- 
 willingnefs, gave him a Pafs^ but 
 
 pofitively refufed it for his Men ; but they 
 however followed him into Flanders^ to a 
 Man, and form'd a new Corps, called the 
 Duke of Tcrk\ Regiment, commanded by 
 Mujkerry, as Lieutenant Colonel. The Mar- 
 quis employ'd in the King's Affairs, palTed 
 the Winfer,,at Brujjels in great Streights. 
 Tftff.-rKing entertain'd fome Hopes 
 
 1657. from his Treaty with the Spaniards., 
 which had rais'd thofe of his loyal 
 
 Subjects, who fent him feveral Meffengcrs 
 
 to aihire him of their Readinefs to join him ; 
 
 but Don yuan, who law plainly by 
 
 1658. the Account he receiv'd, that a Perfon 
 of eminent Credit with the King, to 
 
 : tirj D^iign v/as v/anrinj, would not 
 
 hazard
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 133 
 
 hazard the Sfamjh Forces. The Marquis in 
 this Exigence of Affairs, generoufly offer'd 
 to go to Ejigland in Difguife, and act in the 
 Manner as mould be moft conducive to his 
 Majeily's Intereft, either as a Chief, or a 
 Subaltern, and this Offer was, tho' with 
 Reluctance, accepted by the King. He ac- 
 cordingly came over, but foon was convinced 
 that all Hopes from the Cavaliers Zeal were 
 built upon a fandy Foundation. The Mar- 
 quis found an Aver/ion from the Govern- 
 ment, which at that Time, however, 'pof- 
 fefs'd all Parties -, but fuch mutual Jea- 
 louiies among one another, that an Inter- 
 courfe was impracticable. In fhort, he re- 
 turned with no other Fruit reap'd from the 
 Danger to which he had expofed himfelf, than 
 the Certainty that all Hopes of any thing be- 
 ing done, by the Cavaliers, for his Majefty, 
 were entirely vain*; tho' the general Inclina- 
 tion to throw off the Yoke of the Ufurncr 
 was fo great, that had the King been h >- 
 ported by a foreign Force, his Lordfh'p thought 
 a Refloration would meet with but fmall 
 Refinance. This made his Majefty iblicit the " 
 Spamfl Miniftry, who flatter'd, but fail'd, his 
 Expectations. The Marquis, in the Interim, 
 ftay'd at Paris, in almofr. as much Danger of 
 Iknprifonment there, as of Death in London 
 Cromwell having fent to the Cardinal to get ! 
 him fecured. The King deluded by the Spa- 
 niards, fcnt for the Marquis to attend him to 
 K 4' Bru/els,
 
 134- ff>* LIFE of the 
 
 Brujfils, but as it was dangerous for him to 
 pafs any Part of the Frontiers towards Fland- 
 ers, he rode to Lyons, from thence to Geneva -, 
 and palling thro' the Palatinate, went to 
 DuJJeldorp. and from thence to Bruflels. 
 
 The King difgufted with the Spanifi Mi- 
 niters, who amufed him with vain Hopes, 
 withdrew from BruJ/els to Hoockftraten. Crom- 
 well being dead, and the Dutch feeming to 
 take a favourable Turn, the Marquis, to for- 
 ward his Mailer's Intereft, which he hoped 
 by fuch mean to ftrengthen, agreed to his 
 Son's Marriage with jE;;wA'tf,Daughter ofLe-wts 
 of NaJJau, Lord of Beverweert, natural Son of 
 Maurice Prince of Orange, with a Fortune of 
 only j 0,000 /. 
 
 A Treaty of Peace being fet on foot 
 1659. between the Crowns of France and 
 Spain, and the Conferences opened in 
 an Ifland near St. "John de Luz, the King went 
 thither in Perfon, in Hopes of uniting the 
 two Crowns in his Interefts, and was attend- 
 ed by the Marquis of Ormonde. Louis de Haro 
 Plenipotentiary of Spain, treated the King in 
 a manner correfpondent with his fupreme 
 Dignity, and was perfonally inclined to do 
 him Service -, but tho' he gave him Hopes of 
 Succour from the Spani/h Court, he let his 
 Majefty know, that this was not to be ex- 
 pected till Portugal was again fubmitted to 
 that Crown, aConquefl then extremely doubt- 
 ful, and the Event has fince proved they had 
 rainly hoped. On the other Hand, the Car-
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 135 
 
 dinal, for Reafons which his Fear and Jea- 
 loufy fuggefted, having declined, or rather 
 refufed an Interview with the King, but con- 
 fenting to a Conference with the Marquis, 
 they had a private Meeting, which carried 
 the Face of being rather accidental than de- 
 figned ; but it produced nothing favourable to 
 his Majefty's Affairs, tho' it heightned, if that 
 was poffible, the Contempt and Averfion of 
 the Marquis for that Pufillanimity and In- 
 fincerity of the Cardinal, of which he was 
 too well convinced. The King's Hopes, hav- 
 ing deceived him, four Days after the Confe- 
 rence between the Cardinal and the Marquis, 
 which was on the 1 2th of November, he left 
 Fontarabie, and attended by the Marquis and 
 a few Servants, fet out for Paris, and at Co- 
 lombe, December 10, met the Queen his Mo- 
 ther, the Marquis having before difpofed every 
 thing for a perfect Reconciliation, and for this 
 Interview, there having been a Coldnefs be- 
 tween them, on her Majefty's Attempts to 
 pervert the Duke of Ghcefter. 
 
 His Majefty having certain Intelli- 
 gence of the diftra&ed State of Affairs 1660. 
 in England, and the Readinefs of his 
 his Friends to take Arms for his Reftoration, 
 by a Memorial which the Marquis drew up, 
 laid the fame before the Cardinal, for Affift- 
 ancej but he could not be prevailed upon to 
 afford the King any whatever ; no Agreements, 
 nay, not the apparent Intereft of France, and 
 a Hint from De Witt, that whenever France 
 
 fiould
 
 i S 6 tte LIFE of tbe 
 
 Jhould think ft topropofe to Holland a Con] unfit on 
 for rcjkring the King, they izduld be found well 
 'difpcfed, could prevail on his Eminence to de- 
 part from thofe Maxims which he had lain 
 down, and give any Afiiilarice towards reftcring 
 the King > as that would necellarily put an 
 End to the Diffractions of England, which as 
 long as they fubfifted, mull afford great Ad- 
 vantages to France: tafide, 'tis not impro- 
 bable, but he apprehended the juft Refent- 
 ment of his Majefty, whenever he mould be 
 peaceably eftablimed in the Throne of his 
 Ancestors, well knowing the Treatment he 
 had met with in, and the fcandalous Policy of, 
 France, under his Adminiftration, fuch as 
 might provoke die keener!. For thefe Rea- 
 fons, his Eminence when Mcnk, had get 
 to London, and had overcome all Difficulties, 
 he caufed the French Ambaflador in England, 
 to propofe to him the letting up for himfelf, 
 promiiing him the whole Power of France 
 for his Support. Soon after, the ineffectual 
 Memorial which the Marquis had drawn for 
 the Cardinal, he was fent to the Hague to con- 
 fer with Sir George Dcrwning, Refident there 
 for England; from whence he had great 
 Hopes given him of a fpeedy Reftoration, 
 which Monk fending a Tender of his Duty, 
 and neceflary Inftru&ions to his Majefty, 
 proved well grounded. Monk's whole Defign 
 being communicated to the Marquis, at length 
 that great and happy Event was accomplifhed, 
 and the Mc.rqiiis y who had been a zealous, 
 
 faith-
 
 D.uke of ORMONDE. 137 
 
 faithful, and indefatigable Follower of the 
 royal Exiles, attended his Majeily in his Return 
 to his undoubted, but long ufurped, Rights. 
 
 His Majefty's trufty Servants could not but 
 meet the Rewards due to the Merit of iuch 
 a long Series of Adverfity, with w:hich, fup- 
 ported by their Loyalty, they had long ftrug- 
 gled. The Marquis was fworn a Member of 
 the Privy-Council, made Lord Steward of 
 the Houfhold ; Lord-lieutenant of Somerfet- 
 fiire, High-fteward of V/eftminfter^ Kingftcn, 
 and Briflol, and reftored to his Dignity of; 
 Chancellor of the Univerlity of Dublin j and 
 there he reftored alfo fuch Fellows, as had 
 been ejected for their Loyalty. His Mnjefty 
 gave back to him the County of Tippcrary, 
 together with the fame Privileges and Rega- 
 lities, which his Family had for fome Centu- 
 ries enjoy 'd with the other. He was, after 
 this, created Earl of Brecknock, and Baron of 
 Lantbony in England^ and by that Parliament 
 reftored to his whole Eftate. The Marquis 
 foon after the Reftoration, found Means to do 
 a considerable and acceptable Service to the 
 Engtifo Families in Ir 'eland ', by preventing the 
 Jnfertion of ibme Claufes in the At of In- 
 demnity, which muft without them have 
 proved their Ruin > he alfo folicited (and it 
 v/as granted) for the Clergy the fettling all 
 impropriated and forfeited Tythes-, in the 
 King's Difpofal, upon the refpecrive Incum- 
 bents of the Pan/lies, in which they lay, 
 and prevailed on his Majefly to fill the four 
 
 Arch-
 
 138 The LIFE of the 
 
 Archbifhopricks and twelve epifcopal Sees, 
 with the moft eminent among the Clergy : 
 which was done in the Beginning of Augujl^ 
 a Work not to be delay'd, as the Scots and 
 other Prefbyterians had lately gotten PofTeffion 
 of Churches in and about Dublin^ induftrioufly 
 endeavouring to fubject the People to the Rules 
 of the Covenant, governing themfelves in divine 
 Service by the Directory, and had addrefled 
 the King, on his landing, to eftablifh their 
 Model, which they hoped for from the Intereft 
 of their Friends in England. The Marquis 
 reftored to the Chancellorfhip of the Univcr- 
 fity of Dublin, was a vigilant, a juft and a 
 generous Patron, neglected nothing that could 
 raife its Character or conduce to its Intereft - y 
 for by his own, he chiefly, not only recover- 
 ed their Land in Kerry and in other Parts of 
 the Kingdom, but much improved their Re- 
 venues by new Grants from the Crown. 
 
 Notwithftanding the King had filled up the 
 Sees, Prejbytericms, as the Bifhops could not 
 be put into the PorTeffion of them till. a new 
 Great-feal was made, conceived Hopes of yet 
 abolishing Epifcorjacy ; and to this End pro- 
 moted Petitions from the Adventurers and 
 Officers of the Army, to continue the godly 
 Miniflers of the Gofpel, who had long labour- 
 ed among them: But the great Men, who at 
 Court folicited the Caufe of the Adventurers, 
 finding it vain to attack the Order of Bifhops 
 and the Conflitution of the Church, endea- 
 voured to deprive them of their Revenue?, 
 
 and
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 139 
 
 and thus reduce them to Indigence, the Har- 
 binger of Contempt. They laboured to get 
 taken from them ail the Improvements of ec- 
 cleiiaftical Rents made during the Govern- 
 ment of the Earl of Sfraffbrd -, this occalioned 
 an Addrefs from the Lord Primate, and eight 
 other Bimops, in which they reprefented, to 
 the King, that it would reduce fome Bi- 
 ihopricks to forty Shillings a Year, and the 
 whole Order in Ireland, to Beggary. They 
 tranfmitted their Addrefs to the Marquis ; he 
 prefented it to the King, who returned them 
 a gracious Anfwer, with Aflurances of taking 
 Care to prevent the Diminution of their Re- 
 venue, and of his finding a Pleafure in any 
 Opportunity to augment it : This Anfwer the 
 Marquis remitted, with a Letter from him- 
 felf, in which he thanks them for their Care 
 of the Church ; promifes to co-operate with 
 them in fo good a Work -, gives them Hopes 
 of his Majefty's parting with his firft Fruits, 
 and afTenting to other Advantages, for which, 
 he tells them it will be needlefs to fend an A- 
 gent, as he will be their Solicitor; and indeed 
 he was fo zealous a one, that he procured them 
 no only all the Grants they had required, but 
 even more. This occafioned an Addrefs of 
 Thanks from three Arcbbifoofs and eight Suf- 
 fragans, then at Dublin, in which they ac- 
 knowledge the Benefit, the orthodox Clergy 
 of Ireland had received from his Patronage j 
 pray for his Family's Profperity, and beg the 
 Continuance of his Protection. And indeed
 
 140 The LIFE of the 
 
 it was of fignal Service to them, at that Time, 
 his Majefly being often furprized into Grants 
 of the very Impropriations, which he had be- 
 fore order 'd to be given to the Clergy; which 
 Grants, the Marquis, being Lord Lieutenant, 
 not only ftopp'd, but on Ncv. 17, 1663, pro- 
 cured a Letter from the King, in which his 
 Majefty fignifies his Pleafure, that the Lord 
 Lieutenant fhould fuffer no Grant of Impro- 
 propriation, in his Difpofal, to pafs to any 
 Perfon by Virtue of any Warrant, Order, or 
 Direction, obtain' d from him for the fame. 
 His Majefly alfo gave Order, that his Grant 
 of Impropriations to the Clergy, fhould be 
 confirm'd by an Act, and the Clergy of Ire- 
 land have ever fince enjoyed thefe Benefactions, 
 which their good Patron both procured for y 
 and fecured, to them. 
 
 The King, in Confideration of the Mar- 
 quis's Services, made him very liberal Grants, 
 and as his royal Father had, in i642,convey'd 
 to the Marquis, all the Right, Title and In- 
 tereft, which the Crown had, or might have, 
 to the Lands forfeited by the Rebellion of the 
 ValTals of the faid Mar tuts, his pretent Ma- 
 jefty confirm'd the fame ; of which Grant, 
 had the Marquis taken the Benefit, it had been 
 an immenfe Improvement of his Eftate. The 
 King's Letters- patent, which put him into 
 the reft of his Eftate, make honourable men- 
 tion of his loyal and eminent Services. The 
 Prifage of Wine, a Perquifite belonging to the 
 Marquis and his Family, as Butler of Ireland* 
 
 having
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 141 
 
 having been, during the Ufurpation, charged 
 with an Impoft, the King order'd it to be 
 taken off, which was accordingly done. 
 
 On Feb. 1 3th, the Marquis was 
 joined with the Duke of Allemarle, 1661. 
 and others, to determine the Claims 
 ufualy enter'd at Coronations, Preparations be- 
 ing at that Time making for the King's. On 
 March goth, he was made Duke of Qrmond* 
 and about that time being created Lord High 
 Steward of England, he affifted in that Capa- 
 city at the Coronation, April 23d, and car- 
 ried St. Ed-ward's Crown. 
 
 In the grand Affair of the Settlement of 
 Ireland^ the Duke was inclined td do all pof- 
 iible Service to the Irifo^ but as they not only 
 rejected his Advice, but even fell foul on his 
 Character, he refolvcd not to intermeddle in 
 that Affair, and his Name appeared not in 
 any one Committee to which it was re- 
 fer'd, till after he was Lord Lieutenant j which 
 Employment he accepted, after the Duke of 
 Albcrmarle had declined it, on account of the 
 jarring Intereils of the different Parties. It 
 was the Duke of Ormonde's entire Submifllcn 
 to the Will of his Mailer, prevailed on him 
 to enter upon an Employment, the Inconve- 
 niences of which he well foreiaw ; and fpeak- 
 ing of it to a Friend, faid, Ecf.de r.uniy ether 
 unpleafant Difficulties^ there arc two "Qifad- 
 iiantages proper to me ; one of the c intending 
 Parties belt cuing I oi.cc them more Kindnefi 
 end Proti'tfioiit than I canjind myfelf darge-
 
 142 The LIFE of the 
 
 able 'with : And the other fufpecting I retain 
 that Prejudice to them,, 'which I am as free 
 from. 'This Temper in them, will be attended, 
 undeniably, 'with Clamour and Scandal, upon 
 my moft equal and wary Deportment. 
 
 Four Days after the Duke of Ormonde was 
 declared Lord Lieutenant, the Agents of the 
 Parliament of Ireland had an Audience of the 
 King, when the Bifhop of Elphin, in the 
 Name of the Lords, expreffed their Joy at 
 his Choice of a Peribn, of whom his Lord- 
 fhip gave thehigheft Encomia, and under whofe 
 Conduct, he faid the Kingdom of Ireland 
 could not but fpeedily flourish. Sir A. Mer-, 
 uin, in the Name of the Commons, alfe gave 
 his Majefty Thanks, for having nam'd the 
 Duke to be Lord Lieutenant j and the News 
 was receiv'd in Ireland with publick Rejoicings. 
 
 The Parliament of Ireland, confider- 
 1662. ing the great LofTes the Duke had 
 
 fuftained, by his Services to the Crown, 
 and the Expence which his Grace muft ne- 
 ceffarily run into, to fupport the Dignity of 
 his Poft, made him a Prefent of 30,000/1 
 The King's Marriage defer'd the Duke's 
 Departure, for Ireland, to the Beginning of 
 July, when he fat out from London and ar- 
 rived in Dublin on the 2yth of that Month, 
 where he was fplendidly receiv'd ; and now all 
 Things relating to the Government devolving 
 upon him, what he had before feen, was fooa 
 verify'd : For tho' he acted with the ftri&eft 
 Integrity and Impartiality, and kept his Ma- 
 
 jetty's
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 jetty's Service, yet he could not avoid the Rc- 
 fcntment of Numbers, who apply'd to him for 
 what he could not grant, confiftent with his 
 Duty. Whence arofe new Clamours, and 
 his Adminiftration was not only render'd un- 
 eafy to hip, but the Course of his Majefty's 
 Affairs wa : s interrupted, by fome who were fa- 
 vourably heard at Court. 
 
 The Act of Settlement and fome others, 
 were paffed Sept. 27th, when he made an ex- 
 cellent Speech, extremely well adapted to pro- 
 mote a mutual Confidence and perfect Har- 
 mony between the' King and his Subjects ; 
 which the two Houfes defired might be print- 
 ed. One of the firfl Things, to which the 
 Duke apply'd himfelf, was the purging the 
 Army by diibanding the Anubaptifts and Fa- 
 naticks. The Exchequer being empty, he 
 paid their Arrears out of his own Pocket, as 
 it was a Service which admitted no Delay. 
 The Fanaticks in England, who meditated a 
 new Commonwealth, flatter'd themfelves with 
 the Affiftance of thefe' Forces and with the 
 Concurrence of the Prejbyterians, difcon tent- 
 ed by the Act of Uniformity; and the Refolu- 
 tion of the Parliament to fopport that Act, 
 put the Sectaries upon making an Infurrection, 
 hoping Strength from Scotland, but 
 more from Ireland, to fupport their 1663. 
 Attempts. Many of the Irijh, were 
 by the Court of Claims, to be re-poilefs'd of 
 their Eftates, which makiiig the Adventurers 
 and Soldiers every one for himfelf, Fear 
 L being
 
 144 72* LIFE of tld 
 
 being thruft out of the Lands they enjoy'd^ 
 which occafion'd great Clamours againft the Pro- 
 ceedings of that Court, and the Defigns of the 
 Government ; and fome of the moft furious 
 Spirits, refolving, to keep by the Sword, what 
 Eftatesthey enjoy'd, readily embark'd with the 
 panaticks. An Infurredtion was intended, a 
 Confpiracy form'd, and a private Committe. 
 appointed for conducting the Affair ; but the 
 whole was difcover'd ta the Duke. Blood was 
 one of this Committee. But notwithftanding 
 this Intelligence, the Duke owed his Prefer- 
 vation to his own Vigilance j for the Day 
 pitched upon to feize him, and furprize the 
 Cattle, was the 9th or loth of March, of 
 which he had Notice : but the Confpirators 
 altering the Time, and fixing it on the 5th, 
 his Informer was ignorant of the Change till 
 near the Hour of its defigned Execution. The 
 Duke however, was on his Guard, of which 
 the Traitors having had fome Information, the 
 Attempt was not made. Some of them fled, 
 and others were taken. 
 
 The Defeat of the Defign to furprize the 
 the Caftle, put no Stop to the intended Infur- 
 reclion ; but this alfo failed. The Duke had 
 Intelligence of every Particular, the Heads of 
 the Confpirators were fecured, and ibme of 
 them executed. Blood however efcaped. 
 
 The Fears which many were in of being 
 difpoffefs'd of the Eftates they had gotten 
 from the Irijh^ and the Soldiers being of the 
 old Republican Leaven, ready to join in any 
 feditious Defign to fubvert the Government, 
 
 re-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 145 
 
 required the Duke's conftant Vigilance, and 
 the utmoft Precaution, as he had not yet tho- 
 roughly purged the Army, except that Part 
 of it which lay near Dublin. As for the 
 Troops quarter'd in the Provinces, they ftill 
 required to be garbled ; but where to get 
 Men on whom he could depend, to replace 
 thofe he mould camier, was the Difficulty ; 
 for when he wrote to the Duke of Albermarle 
 for 500 Men from England, that Nobleman 
 fent him Word, he had not fuch a Number 
 in his whole Army, on whofe Fidelity he 
 could rely. But this was not the only Diffi- 
 culty his Grace laboured under ; he had no 
 Money to pay the Forces, and the Exchequer 
 in England^ was at fo low an Ebb, that the 
 moft preffing Inftances could procure him 
 none from thence j and 'tis well known, that 
 in default of Pay, even in the moft fettled 
 Times, 'tis difficult to prevent Mutiny among 
 the Soldiers. This terrible Inconveniency^ 
 the Want of Money, was not likely to be 
 remedied, as the Englljh Parliament were in 
 no agreeable Temper with the King, and 
 would give him no Supply ; and at the fame 
 time, the Hopes of bringing that Body into 
 a more favourable Difpolition, were baniflhed 
 by the Difference between his Majefty's Mi- 
 nifters, who mould have united for his Ser- 
 vice. The Duke had not only a rebellious, 
 implacablej enthufiaftic Body of Sectaries, 
 endeavouring to poifon the Nation with their 
 Tenets, to keep under, but an Army com- 
 L 2 pofed
 
 i 4 6 7&? LIFE of tfa 
 
 pofed of a great Number of the fame detent 
 able Principles, confequently more likely to 
 join them in, than repell any Acl: of Rebel- 
 lion, to reftrain within the Bounds of their 
 Duty ; and that too, without a Penny te 
 pay even their juft Demands, He had be- 
 tide, the Refentment of a Secretary of State, 
 of a favourite Miftrefs, and even of the Queen- 
 Mother to combat ; which he had drawn upon 
 himfelf, by an infuperable Zeal for, and fteady 
 Adherence to, Truth, Juftice, and his Matter's 
 real Interefts, in which his conftant Proceed- 
 ing, he had, unhappily in one Particular ef- 
 pecially which related to the Reftitation of 
 the Marquh of Antrim's Eftate, not only dif- 
 gufted the fuid Marquis, but brought on him- 
 ielf very unjuft, as they were groundlefs, Re- 
 fleclions. 
 
 The Hard mips and Difficulties the Duke 
 laboured under for want of Money to pay 
 the Forces, and his Appreheniions from a 
 Body of Troops of their Stamp, were at length 
 removed, by a Sum of Money remitted to- 
 wards making them Satisfaction ; by 500 Sol- 
 diers, lent from England, and a Draught 
 made from the IriJJj Army, for the Service of 
 Portugal. 
 
 In May his Majefty having fent for the 
 Duke, he iat out for London leaving, 
 
 1664. by the King's Permifiion, his Son the 
 Earl of Ofjory^ Lord Deputy of Ireland. ' 
 
 1665. The Duke at this Time gave remark- 
 able Inflances of publick Spirit, E- 
 
 quity,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 147 
 
 quity, Honour, and Magnanimity in giving 
 up, that he might facilitate and advance the 
 Settlement of Ireland^ about 30,000 Pounds 
 a Year, for 50,000 Pounds ; and by paying 
 off the Securities he had given for Money 
 taken up for his Majefty's Service ; which 
 Securities had been forfeited by the Creditors, 
 to the Crown, and not only by it granted to 
 his Grace, but alfo fettled on him by an Act, 
 as fully as the Crown enjoy'd the lame. 'The 
 Diftrefs of thefe Creditors, tho' in Strictnefs 
 of Law, they could make no Demand upon 
 him, induced him to pay them before the 
 pebts he owed for the fame Service to Pro- 
 teftants, which amounted to 50,000 Pounds. 
 Thefe he propofed to pay out of that Sum, 
 for which he had made the Ceffion of fo large 
 and indifputable an Eftate in Land ; but the 
 long continued Difappointments in the Pay- 
 ment of that ftipulated Money, involved him 
 in heavier Debts and Difficulties, and laid 
 the Foundation of thofe Incumbrances., which 
 caufed a Dimpation of the greater Part of 
 the old Eftate of the Family, for which ge- 
 nerous Sacrifice made to the Qmet of the 
 Kingdom of Ireland, he met with a very un- 
 grateful Return. 
 
 His Grace fat out in Auguft on his Re- 
 turn to Ireland, but being obliged to make 
 ibme Stay on the Road he took, and flopping 
 a Month at Kilkenny, he did not make his 
 Entry into Dublin till the iyth of Otfober, 
 which was in a very grand Manner, and in 
 L 3 Sep.
 
 148 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 September, the Act of Explanation was paf- 
 fed j which muft be attributed to the great 
 Confidence, repofed by the Commons in the 
 Duke's Sincerity ; they relying on his fmgle 
 Word for the Defects, &c. objected to, being 
 amended. By this Act were fix'd the general 
 Rights of the feveral Interefts in Ireland j but 
 the carrying it into Execution with Imparti-* 
 ality, was an inexhauftible Fund of Care and 
 Perplexity, and his unbiafs'd Regard to Ju- 
 ilice, a conftant Ground for Refentment, III 
 ^Will and Calumny. 
 
 His Grace, who made the Intereft of Ire^ 
 land, the Point, next to that of his royal Ma- 
 iler, he had always kept in View, neglected 
 no means to prevent the paffing the Act, for 
 prohibiting the Importation of Irtfo Cattle 
 into England; and demonftrated by irrefraga- 
 ble Arguments, the pernicious Confequences 
 which muft attend it ; and tho' it would more 
 immediately affect Ireland, yet proved that 
 it muft, alfo, be very fenfibly felt in England : 
 But no Reafons could be heard where Clamour 
 prevailed. The Bill was enacted, and Ireland 
 thereby reduced to fo much Mifery, that the 
 Kingdom was in a very dangerous Situation, 
 expofed to the open Attempts of foreign, ana 
 the fecret feditious Machinations of inteftine, 
 Enemies, who took the Advantage of the 
 unhappy Condition of the diftreffed People; 
 Poverty being a defperate Monitor to ftir up 
 Commotions. The Duke's Vigilance pro- 
 cured him Informations of the minute ft Par- 
 ticulars
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 149 
 * 
 
 ticulars of the Dcfigns of the Fanaticks, and 
 his Prudence and Courage render'd thofc 
 Defigns abortive, furprized- the Muti- 
 neers, who began to make Demands i665. 
 with open Force, and effectually pro- 
 vided for the Defence of the Kingdom, againft 
 a threatned Invasion. 
 
 Notwithftanding tlie Duke's unqueftionable 
 Loyalty, his known Integrity, his Juftice, and 
 his vifible Preference of the Publick, to his 
 particular Interfts, he was not without 
 powerful Enemies. 'Tis feldom, if ever feen, 
 that the Envy of Virtue is abstracted from a 
 Hatred to the Perfon, whom it renders con- 
 /picuous 3 and as none but Men of a very 
 narrow way of thinking, or of no Principles,- 
 can be poilefs'd by that mean Paflion of Envy, 
 fo they cannot but deem the glaring Virtues 
 of the Perfon they adorn, a Reproach to their 
 own Lives - 3 they chufe much rather to de- 
 peciate his Merit, or give a falfe and invidious 
 Turn to his Actions, and endeavour to bring 
 him down, in the Opinion of the World, to 
 their own low Standard, than to give them- 
 felves the Pain to imitate his Example, and 
 to obtain an equal Character among good 
 Men. His Grace was not only envied, con- 
 fequently hated, for what he had juftly mc- 
 ried univerfal Love and Efteem, but had a 
 Rival for his Poft, whofe Character, his own 
 Life and Writings, (which latter, continue to 
 infect) prove him the very Contraft of the 
 Duke. A Man who had no Principles, and 
 L 4 who,
 
 150 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 vvho, as he had not only been a Rebel, but 
 even a Counfellor of Cromwell s, was ready 
 again to revive the Calamities the Nation had 
 long groaned under to promote his own In- 
 terefr, and gratify his 'own Ambition j his 
 whole Defigns being bounded within the nar 7 
 j*ow Circle of his own Advantage : Confe- 
 quently 'tis no Wonder, that fuch a Man, 
 with Views of fuppknting his Grace, mould 
 ufe his utmoft Endeavours to raife him up 
 Difficulties, to render his Government un- 
 eafy. The Duke however, not lefs indefa- 
 tigable and prudent, than his Enemies indu- 
 ilrious and artful, bent his whole Thoughts 
 to the railing the diftrefTed Kingdom of Ire- 
 land, both in Character and Circumftances. 
 *To this End, he gave the greatefl Encourage- 
 ment to Learning, and to . repair the Damage 
 fuflained by the late Inhibition, with, regard 
 to the Cattle, by reviving the Linnen Ma- 
 nufacture, the Foundation of which 
 1667. was lain by the Earl of Straffcrd. 
 This was a conliderable Expence and 
 Labour, to which is owing its now flourishing 
 State. His Grace farther obtain'd for Ire- 
 land, the Allowance of a free Trade to all 
 foreign Nations, either in War or Peace with 
 his Majefty ; and as the Scots had allb pro- 
 hibited the Importation of Ir/fo Cattle, 6JV. 
 fhat of their Linnen and Woollen Manufac- 
 tures, Stockings, Gloves, or other Commo- 
 dities was forbidden into Ireland, by the King's 
 fcrmiffion. In this Liberty granted the Irifo 
 
 to
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 15? 
 
 to export the Growth and Manufacture of 
 their own, into foreign Countries, their Wool 
 was not excepted, but in the Debates particu- 
 larly granted. This the Duke's Prudence pof- 
 iibly judged a Snare to entrap him, where- 
 fore he would grant no Licence for its Ex- 
 portation ; though it would have been a con- 
 liderable Revenue to him. A Precaution be- 
 coming the Character of his Forefight, and 
 firft arifing from a deliberate Confideration of 
 the Law. Had he done it, 'tis more than 
 probable it would have been the Ground 
 of an Impeachment, which was meditated by 
 the Duke of Buckingham, Lord j4Jhley y and 
 their Faction at Court. The Intereft the 
 firft of thefe ? had arnong the Commons, and 
 his being capable of any Thing however vile, 
 however impious, were no Secret. He want- 
 ed to enjoy two Pofts held by the Duke, that 
 of Steward of the Houfliold, and that of 
 Lieutenant of Ireland, which was alfo am- 
 bition'd by the Lord Afhley. The Duke with 
 the Afliftance of his Counfellor, Sir Robert 
 Howard, cook'd up twelve general Articles of 
 Impeachment, of which the Lord Lieutenant 
 had particular Notice. Tho' confcious of his 
 own Integrity, he did not fo far flight the 
 Efforts of his Enemies, as not to take pru- 
 dent Care to withiland the Violence of their 
 Perfecutions, and to manifeft his own Inno- 
 cency, which alone, from a recent Example 
 in the Perfon of the Chancellor Clarendon, 
 he was made fenfibie, was but a weak Shield 
 
 of
 
 152 "The LIFE of tie 
 
 of Defence. Tho' his Grace was not intimi- 
 dated, yet was he fenfible that the Power and 
 Malice of his Enemies were not to be con- 
 temn'd, and it behoved him to fland upon 
 his Guard : His Removal from the Govern- 
 ment was chiefly aim'd at, in the Defign of the 
 Impeachment, which the Situation of his Af- 
 fairs required his preventing ; for as he had 
 contracted a large Debt for the Service, and 
 had no Way to difcharge it but with the Mo- 
 ney given him by the Acl: of Settlement, of 
 which he had received nothing, he had 
 Ground to apprehend it would be loft, 
 1668. when he mould be no longer at the 
 Head of that Government. This 
 would have greatly hurt him in his Fortune. 
 Every Mean that vigilant Malevolence, Am- 
 bition and Avarice could fuggeft, were put in 
 their fcandalous and groundlefs Reports, falfe 
 and malicious Libels were propagated, with 
 indefatigable Induftry - y but, Magna eft veritas 
 & prevalebit, the mighty Hopes of his Per- 
 fecutors vanimed into Smoak, and the Teeth 
 of Envy were broken upon, but could make no 
 Impreffion in, his Character, which flood unful- 
 lied not only with the King, but the King- 
 doms in general. Like Gold on the Teft, 
 his Condudt appeared the brighter for the 
 Proofs, and the feverer and more inveterate 
 was the Scrutiny into it, the greater Luftre it 
 acquired. His Enemies Efforts to de- 
 flroy him made him better known and 
 more efleem'd and admir'dj by ail 
 
 wn*
 
 Duke of ORMONDE, 153 
 
 who heard his Name ; and though at laft the 
 Importunity of the Faction, continually teazing 
 his Majefty who loved his Eafe, fo far pre- 
 vail'd as to get him remov'd from the Lieu- 
 tenancy of Ireland-, yet was the Chief of it 
 difappointed in his Hopes of fucceeding to 
 that Honour, and the Junto had the Morti- 
 fication to find they could not {hake him in 
 the King's good Opinion, and to fee the Uni- 
 veriity of Oxford give him the moft fignal Te- 
 ftimony of their Efteem and Affection, by 
 chufing him their Chancellor : An Honour 
 great in Proportion to the juft Character of that 
 illuftriousBody, diftinguim'd by their Zeal for 
 Religion, fteady Adherence to the Crown, their 
 focial Virtues, great Learning and Integrity, 
 of the latter of which they had, in the worfb 
 of Times, given inconteftible Proofs. But to 
 ballance this, they had the malicious Pieafure 
 of his Removal preventing his Receipt of 
 98,2567. due to him, which made him all 
 his Life ftruggle with many Difficulties, and 
 at his Death leave a Load of Debts of 89,3 24. /. 
 13-j. 10 d. after having loft, for his Loyalty, 
 beyond all Profits, receiv'd 868,5907. iu. 
 9 d. Though the King from his Impatience of 
 Importunity, in a Situation which made him 
 apprehend offending the Duke's Enemies , 
 had gratified them by his Removal, yet con- 
 vinced that the many Accufations brought a- 
 gainft his Grace were groundlefs, relied on his 
 Council as knowing his Loyalty was not to be 
 ilagger'd. Had he placed lefs Confidence in 
 
 the
 
 22* LIFE of tie 
 
 the Duke's Fidelity, 'tis poffible his Grace an4 
 his Family would have fuffer'd lefs. The 
 Irijh both lamented and fliew'd a Refentment 
 of the ill Treatment of their late Governour, 
 by defpifing and eluding the mean Arts prac- 
 tis'd to afperfe his Adminiflration by his Suc- 
 ceflbr, as is evinced by the great yet juft En- 
 comia on his Grace's Government, in the 
 Letter from the Mayor and Sheriffs, in behalf 
 of the City of Dublin, fent to his Son the Earl 
 of Offbry with the Inftrument of his Free- 
 dom, neglecting, at the fame Time, the Lord 
 Robert's, then Lieutenant for the King : Be- 
 ~ fides many other Inftances which may be given. 
 The Duke's unalterable Zeal for his 
 1670. Majefty's Service engag'd his Protec- 
 tion of the Irijh Remonftrants : Thefe 
 were the Catholicks who oppofed the Vio- 
 lences of the Pope's Nuncio ; but the Anti-re- 
 rnonflrants prevailing by the Support of the En- 
 glijb Miniftry, that which the Duke had af- 
 forded the others, was the Ground of general 
 Hatred which the Irijh Roman Catholicks bore 
 his Grace. 
 
 Defigns of affaffinating the Duke had been 
 formerly lain by fome of the Nuncio's Party $ 
 but now fuch a Defign had been carried into 
 Execution by a Fanatick, had not the Wan- 
 tonnefs of Bloed^ Malice prevented it *. The 
 King highly relented this Attempt, and iiTued 
 a Proclamation for the Difcovery of the Vil- 
 
 * This Fellow was one of the Confpirators who defign'd the 
 Sizing Ditlli:: Caflls ; ride Appendix.
 
 Dufo of ORMONOE. 155 
 
 lains engag'd in it. Blood foon after was 
 taken in his Attempt to fteal the Crown, and 
 being fufpected and interrogated on that upon, 
 the Duke of Ormond, frankly and impudently 
 avow'd the Fad; he was not only pardon'd, 
 but had an Eftate of 500 /. a Year given him 
 in Ireland, by whofe Influence is no difficult 
 Matter to make a very rational Conjecture. 
 
 The Defign upon the Duke's Life having 
 mifcarried, the Ruin of his Fortune was en- 
 deavour' d by taxing him with paffing other 
 Peoples Lands for his own ; and thus 
 greatly enlarging his ancient Eftate. 1671. 
 To fupport this Charge two Witneffes 
 were produced, the one who had once left 
 HLhglandy being guilty of Forgery and fearing 
 the Duke would profecute him ; the other 
 fled from, Ireland for Murder, and both were 
 Parties interefted : But this Affair ended alfo in 
 the Confufion of his Enemies : For the King 
 declared the Allegations falfe and fcandalous, 
 and as fuch ordered the Charge to be 
 difmifs'd the Council Board. It is ob- 1672. 
 fervable, that all the Land which the 
 Duke was tax'd with, as a great Increafe made 
 to his Eftate, was not above 50 /. per Annum y 
 which thefe f WitnclTes had rented ; and with- 
 out the lead Colour pretended to be their own 
 Property. The Englijh Parliament at length 
 perceiving the pernicious Tendency 
 with regard to publick Affairs of the 1673. 
 Machinations of the Duke's Perfecu- 
 tors, broke the Neck of their Defign, which 
 
 was
 
 156 Tie LIFE of 
 
 was to embroil the Affairs of Ireland the eaiier 
 to come at his Grace, who with wonderful 
 Calmnefs bore all thefe Attacks on his Reputa- 
 tion : And during the whole Time of his Dif- 
 grace never neglected his Duty to the King, 
 either as a Courtier, his Care for his Interefts 
 as a wife and loyal Counfellor, or his Con- 
 cern and Vigilance for the, Publick as a truly 
 difmterefted Patriot. 
 
 The Duke came to London in 1668; 
 1674. in 1674, after having fix Years been 
 
 in an uneafy Situation, and borne with 
 the Coldnefs of the Court, he return'd to Ire- 
 land to infpect his own private Affairs, where 
 he met a cold Reception from the Earl of Ef- 
 fex, then Lord Lieutenant j but a far different 
 one from the City of 'Dublin , and the Nobility 
 and Gentry in general. 
 
 The Miniftry in England was chang- 
 1675* ed, and that the Parliament might 
 
 meet in Good Humour, all Roman 
 Catholick Priefts were order'd to depart the 
 Realm, and all of that Religion forbidden the 
 Court. The Laws were put in Execution 
 againft Sectaries and Conventicles ; but not- 
 withftanding the King apprehended the Se- 
 lions would prove troublefome, and therefore 
 earneflly defired the Duke of Ormond to come 
 over, which he fignified to his Grace by Mr. 
 Secretary Coventry and the Norwich Frigate 
 v/as ordered to attend him. He obey'd, but 
 did not find the Alterations at Court had made 
 many in the Situation of his Affairs ; for he 
 
 fcem'd
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 157 
 
 feem'd not to have the leaft Shadow of Fa- 
 vour. This put him upon a Narrative of his 
 Behaviour towards his Majefty, and a Vindi- 
 cation of his Adminiftration and Oeconomy in 
 the Revenue, on his Management of which 
 latter, Lord Ranelagh had caft fome Afper- 
 iions. This Work thoroughly refutes the 
 Infi'nuations he artfully had made ufe of to 
 prejudice the King againft his Grace. Who- 
 - ever has been but little converfant with the 
 World may be furpriz'd at Lord Ranelagb's 
 joining the Enemies of the Duke, when they 
 are told he lay under the higheft Obligation to 
 his Grace. The Duke fully vindicated his 
 Management of the Revenue ; but Lord Ra- 
 nelagb, who had attack'd him, not able fb 
 clearly to prove his own, thought the readieft 
 Way to ballance his Accounts was to procure' 
 his Majefty's Pardon, which he obtain'd after 
 a Decree againfl him for 76,000 /. 
 
 This Year the Duke ofOrmond was, 
 for the third Time, declared Lord Lieu- 1 677, 
 tenant of Ireland. He wasreceiv'd at 
 Oxford with all poflible Demonftrations of 
 Refpect and Efteem, by that learned and loyal 
 Body, and with very great Ceremony by the 
 Earl of EJ/ex, who was to relign the Sword 
 to him* Soon after his Arrival he laid the 
 Foundation of the great Hofpital for 
 Soldiers > erected Charles-fort to fecure 1678. 
 the Harbour of Kinfale, and employ'd 
 the greateft Part of his Time in detecting 
 Frauds in the Revenue, which as alfo the 
 
 Forces
 
 i 5 g The LIFE of the 
 
 Forces of the Kingdom he confiderably aug~ 
 mented, for the Security of the Kingdom; 
 Ifts Majefty at this Time thinking to gain 
 over his Enemies, took the Method to 
 make them more formidable, by putting 
 them into the Pofts of Power and Credit, to 
 which End he defired the Duke to refign 
 his Poft of Lord Steward of the Houfhold. 
 
 The Account of the Popifh Plot being fent 
 ty his Grace, with its extending to Ireland^ 
 and a Deiign upon his own Life, occafion'd 
 his ilTuing Proclamations neceflary for the Se- 
 curity of that Kingdom, and taking other pro- 
 per Methods to. that End. Though the Duke 
 ufed very neceflary Precautions to prevent the 
 threatned Commotions, yet his Moderation not 
 agreeing with more violent Tempers, a De- 
 iign of affaffinating his Grace was ftrongly ru- 
 motir'd, and Letters to that Purport dropt in 
 the Streets, in hopes that his own Security 
 might pufh him on to Severities; but his 
 Firmnefs of Mind was not to be fhaken ; and 
 he made ufe of no harmer Means than what 
 were abfolutely neceffary, had the imaginary 
 Danger been real; except againft Tories or 
 common Robbers and Murderers, in the Per- 
 fons of their Relations, who protected or con- 
 cealed them. This Moderation of the Duke's 
 occaiion'd calumniating Suggeflions, 
 1679. and Mifreprefentations to be fent to 
 England,, though the Proteftants, all 
 over the Kingdom, by the Prudence of his 
 Conduct, were in general under little or nd 
 
 Appre-*
 
 Duke of ORMONDE, 159 
 
 Apprehenlions, except in Munjler, and there 
 was the lead Ground for Fear 5 from thence 
 however came many Reports, which when 
 examm'd vaninYd into Smoak. 
 
 Who will confider the Methods his Grace 
 purfued to guard againft the fuppofed Danger 
 muft allow them to be according to the P.uies 
 of Prudence ; whereas the violent Mea- 
 fures others wifn'd taken would probably 
 have made that real, which Time has ihewn 
 was in fadt chimerical j but pofiibly the reali- 
 zing what was pretended to be fear'd, was 
 the Defign of thofe who tax'd his Grace's Con- 
 duit , However, his Experience, Forcfight, 
 and Refolution were neither to be amus'd 
 nor fhaken, and carelefs of Cenfure, fincerely 
 attach'd to the Intereft of the Crown, he pur- 
 fued his Courfe and by keeping iteadily to 
 his Plan, attain'd his End, viz. the keeping 
 Ireland in Peace, which others as induftrioufly 
 cndeavour'd to embroil, and had they no.t 
 been difappointed by the Vigilance and Loy- 
 alty of the Duke more than by any other 
 Event or Perfon, 'tis almoft demonftrablc, 
 from the Power tne antimonarchical Men the a 
 had in their Hands, the Commonwealth 
 would have reviv'd, and the King have foL- 
 low'd his Father to a ScarTold. 
 
 The Lord Sbaftjbury , to whole Views 
 the Duke retaining the Government tf Ireland, 
 was a main Obftacle, in a Speech in the 
 Lords Houfe, infmuated that his Grace wa^ 
 popirtily inclined. This Attack from him 
 M made
 
 160 The LIFE of the 
 
 made the Duke's Friends apprehend farther 
 Defigns againft him, and give him their Ad- 
 vice to come to England-, he accordingly wrote 
 to Mr. Secretary Coventry for his Ma jetty's 
 Permiffion : But the Anfwer his Majefty gave 
 was, He had one of his Kingdoms in good Hands , 
 and ivas refohed to keep it fo. It was how- 
 ever reported that the Duke was to be re- 
 moved, and Lord Arlington afking his Ma- 
 jefty, if fuch Report was true, he anfwered, 
 // was a damrfd Lie, and that he was fatisfied 
 itobile he y the Duke of Ormond, was there, that 
 Kingdom was fafe. 
 
 When the Scots Infurreclion broke out, the 
 Duke, ever vigilant, drew a good Party of 
 the Army into the North of Ireland, to curb 
 the rigid Nonconformifts there, and, in cafe 
 of Neceffity, to be pafs'd over to Scotland. 
 
 It has been already obferved, that the Duke' 
 being Lieutenant of Ireland was a great Im- 
 pediment to the Dcfigns of the Faction ; and 
 as they could not then remove him they in* 
 tended to remove the Counfcllors of that King- 
 dom ; but neither could they directly carry 
 this Point, but were forced upon indirect 
 Means, by which they hoped to make the 
 Irijh defperate, (hould they fail in, their Views. 
 This was by procuring Orders for the Coun- 
 cil to trariirnit feveral Bills againft the Irijh 
 Reculants, which if they refufed to do, it 
 would afford juft Reafon for removing them ; 
 and if they did, they hoped it would make 
 the Irijh break out into Rebellion, They 
 
 did,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 161 
 
 did not however defifl from their En- 
 deavours to get the Duke put out of 1680. 
 the Lieutenancy, and again attack'd 
 him on the old Subject, the Management of 
 the Revenue, but with little Honour to them- 
 felves, without advancing their Defign. They 
 objected to his Conduct the Expence of march- 
 ing the Forces to the North, and the fitting 
 up Arms, when the News came to him of the 
 Scots Infurrection, amounting to 3900 in all ; 
 but their Hopes being flill eluded herein, they 
 tax'd him with being popifhly affected ; charg- 
 ed him with fending Sir George La?ie to a 
 Meeting of the Irijh Popifh Clergy, and his 
 fitting with them. The latter Part was falfe, 
 and the Meeting was not only for the King's 
 Intereft, but with his Confent. But whatever 
 the Party could allege to depreciate his Con- 
 duct, or to give Sufpicion of his not being as 
 zealoufly attach'd to the Church of England as 
 his Profeffion, and the whole Tenor of his 
 Life fpoke him, wanted fufficient Ground to 
 fatisfy even his Enemies ; wherefore 'tis no- 
 thing wonderful that it could have no Effect 
 on his Majefty : But poffibly they were little 
 anxious how the King flood affected, if they, 
 by their Calumnies, could but raife a Clamour 
 in the Nation againft, and fuch Jealoufies in 
 the Parliament of, the Duke, as might ferve 
 for a Pretence, and oblige his Majefty, to re- 
 move him, whom the Lord EJ/ex was in great 
 Hopes to iuccecd. The King well knew that 
 the Enemies of die Duke were not lefs Ene- 
 M 2
 
 162 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 mies to the Monarchy, and had juft 
 1681. Reafon to apprehend the Danger the 
 three Kingdoms would be in, if Ire- 
 land was entrufted to the Government of any 
 Perfon of lefs Capacity, lefs Courage, or lefs 
 Loyalty. A Report prevailing that his Grace 
 would be remov'd, his Majefty wrote to the 
 Duke to affure him it was altogether ground- 
 lefs. 
 
 The King convinced, to Demonftra- 
 1682* tion, of the Defign of fetting up a Com- 
 monwealth a fecond Time, refolving 
 to exert himfelf, would have brought Lord 
 Shaft/bury to his Trial ; but the Grand Jury 
 refufed to find the Bill, upon the ffcrongeft 
 Evidence. This infamous Partiality, however, 
 anfwer'd the King's Views by opening the 
 Eyes of the People, which was fo fatal to the 
 Republicans, that they could never recover 
 the Blow. His Majefty's Refolution to affert 
 his Authority, extricated him out of all his 
 Difficulties and lefleiied thofe under which 
 the Duke had long ftruggled ; and as the Fer- 
 ment abated in England^ the People's Minds 
 were quieted In Ireland, where all being hufh'd 
 into a Calm, his Grace had an Opportunity, 
 the King having fentfor him, to crofs to Eng- 
 land, leaving his Son the Earl of Arran Lord 
 Deputy. He received the Compliments of, 
 and Prefents from every Town, through which 
 he pafs'd from Chefler to London ; into which 
 City he was ufher'd by a great Number of 
 Peribns of Diftinclion. In his Entry he was 
 
 attend- 

 
 Duke ^f ORMONDE. 163 
 
 attended by 27 Coaches and Six, 300 Gentle- 
 men on Horfeback, five of the King's Trum- 
 pets, the Serjeant Trumpet, and a Kettle Drum. 
 At Court he met an affectionate and tender 
 Reception by his Majefty, and he was imme- 
 diately fworn of the Privy Council. 
 
 The City cf London had been poifoned 
 with republican Principle's, and the Depen- 
 dance that Set of Men had on Juries, encou- 
 raged them openly to avow their Defigns to 
 overturn the Con ft it utl on. 
 
 Shaftjbury had taken up his Refidence in 
 the City, was the Darling of the deluded 
 Mobb,and all the meaneft and moft virulent of 
 the loweft Clafs were put upon the Livery to 
 carry the Elections of new Officers, which were 
 managed in an illegal Manner : but the Lord 
 Mayor Sir John Moore, an honeft tho' a timid 
 Man, infpired by the Duke, flood firm and 
 two honeft Sheriffs and a Lord Mayor of great 
 Probity, notwithstanding the Efforts of the 
 Faction were chofen, which broke their Spi- 
 rits : For now the Neck of pack'd Juries were 
 alfo broken, and Shaftfoury thinking the City 
 no longer a Refidence of Safety, withdrew 
 privately to Holland. 
 
 The Duke was indefatigable in his Endea- 
 vours to defeat the Defigns of the antimonar- 
 chical Faction. He faw nothing lefs than the 
 whole ConftitutLon at Stake, and thefe En- 
 deavours were not only well understood by but 
 extremely grateful to, his Majefty, who 
 M 3 made
 
 164 72* LIFE * 
 
 made him an Englijh Duke the gth of 
 
 The Rye-Houfe Plot was the laft 
 
 1683. Recourfe, after the Faction had in 
 vain try'd to get a Parliament call'd 
 
 before they had loft all Influence. The King 
 reflecting on the End defigned by, and the 
 Generality of the Perfons concern'd in it, 
 faid in his Reflexions on the intended AiTaffi- 
 liation, that 'twas very ftrange EeggarsfioiCd 
 contend for Property ; Atheifts for Religion, 
 and Eajlards for Succeffion. On the o.th or" 
 April> this Year the Caftle of Dublin was 
 burnt; the indefatigable Care of the Lord De- 
 puty faved the Magazine, confequently, the 
 City, from being buried in its Ruins - y the 
 Duke's Lofs in Furniture, &c. was very con- 
 fiderable. 
 
 The King's Affairs being fo well e- 
 
 1684. ftablifh'd in England, that there was 
 not any Neceffity for his Grace's Ab- 
 
 fence from his Government, after two Years 
 Stay at Court, having in June receiv'd Orders 
 for his Return, prepar'd to fet out for Ireland ; 
 but his Departure was, by the Death of his 
 Dutchefs, retarded till Auguft. No fooner 
 had he left London, but he was attacked on 
 .feme Suggeftions from Col.Ttf/fe, who made 
 fuch a Report to the King, that a general Re- 
 Ibrmation in the Council, Magiftracy, and 
 Army of Ireland, was determined, and 
 his Grace, on September the ^th, had a Hint 
 from Sir Robert Southwell of his Removal. 
 
 '
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 165 
 
 In October the King intimated his Pleafure on 
 this Head, and of Lord Rocbefter's fucceeding 
 to his Poft. On the 6th of February King 
 Charles .died, and the Duke, four Days after, 
 being fent for, left Dublin to proceed to En- 
 gland j having firft caufed King James to be 
 proclaim'd, and, as ^order'd, lain down his 
 Character, Which was a Treatment he had 
 little Reafon to expect, and an Indignity the 
 late King wou'd not have put upon him. He 
 fet out for England, and on the Road met 
 the News of his Regiment of Horfe being gi- 
 ven to Col. falbot.. Notwithstanding thefe 
 Affronts from Court, he was, when near Lon- 
 don, met by Numbers of Coaches, and recejv'4 
 at his Houfe by a great Multitude and loud 
 Acclamations. He was continued Lord Ste- 
 ward of the Houfhold, and at the Coronation 
 again carried the Crown. 
 
 The Lord Clarendon fuccceded to 
 the Lieutenancy of Ireland-, but after 1685. 
 a Year was recalled to make Way forCol. 
 Talbot, created Earl of Tyrconnel, who made 
 great Changes both in the Civil and Military, 
 and the Duke loft his Regiment of Foot. He 
 kept his Troop of Horfe, which he had pur- 
 chas'd fifty Years before, and this was the 
 only Military Employment he held. 
 
 In February the Duke retired for 
 fome Weeks to Cornbury in Oxford- i6S6, 
 Jhire, a Seat ^ord Clarendon lent him, 
 and in Augujl attended his Majtfty in his 
 Progrefs as far as Brifyl : He after this, witk, 
 M 4 flood
 
 166 *fhe LIFE of tt>* 
 
 flood the firfl Inflance of his Majefty's exerci- 
 flng a difpenfing Power, and when the King 
 felt his Pulfe on the Defign of abolifhing the 
 penal Laws, he found him unalterably ftendy 
 in his Averfion to what, he pofTibly forefaw, 
 wou'd, as it proved, be contrary to his Maje- 
 fty's Interefr, tho' it might flatter his View? 
 and Inclinations. 
 
 The Duke being lain up with the Gout at 
 Badnimton, had the Honour of two Vifits 
 from the King, ingoing from Bath to Che/ier^ 
 and at his Return. He permitted his Grace ro 
 retire and difpenfed with his Attendance at 
 Court, as Lord Steward, from which Foil he 
 wou'd not remove him. 
 
 Kis Grace removing from Bermmton, hired 
 a Seat in Dorfetjhire, call'd King Jim-Hall^ 
 where he died Saturday the 2 lit of jufy, and 
 on Augujl the 4th, his Corps >was deposited in 
 the Abbey of Wcftminjler. Dr. Sprat Bifhop 
 of Rcchefter read the Service. 
 
 What has been already faid of this great Man 
 renders a Character of him needlefs. Had he 
 lived till the 1 9th of Q&ober he had compleat- 
 dd his feventy-ninth Year. He was fuccceded 
 in Honours and Eftate by his Grandfon James 
 Earl ofOffcry ; his Father was Thomas Butler 
 Earl of Q(for)\ born in the Caftle of Kilkenny > 
 on July trie 9th 1634 5 in 1647, he went into 
 England \v\ih his Father when he quitted the 
 Government of Ireland^ and ftaid in London 
 till the Duke of Ormonde, going in Difguife 
 to efcaps beyond the 6ea, pafling near the 
 
 Town,
 
 Dufa of "ORMONDE. 167 
 
 Town, fent in for, and took, him with him 
 to France. When his Grace in 1 648 return- 
 ed to Ireland, Lord Offbry was left with his 
 Brother, Lord Richard Butter, under the Tu- 
 ition of a French Minifter, at Caen, in whofe 
 Houfe he boarded. But in October 1 649, they 
 both went to Paris to Monfieur de Camp's A- 
 cademy, where Lord Offbry grew expert in e- 
 very Exercife, and in all his Encounters with 
 French Gentlemen gain'd great Reputation. 
 In December 1650, he came back to Caen to 
 his Mother the Dutchefs of Ormonde, and ftaid 
 there till the Summer of 1652, when he fol- 
 lowed her into England, and from thence went 
 with her, in the Beginning of the next Year, 
 into Ireland^ where he continued till the End 
 of 1654. The Dutchefs then going into Eng- 
 land, he accompanied her to London, and liv- 
 ing in Wild-Houfe, was foon after (<viz. in 
 March 1655,) clapped up by Cromwell's Order 
 in the Tower. There was no particular Thing 
 lain to his Charge, his Crime was being con- 
 verfant among the dangerous Men, and con- 
 fided in, by them, as one who wou'd expofe 
 his Life for the King on the nrft Occafion. 
 The Guard that came to fecure him at Wild" 
 Houje departed upon the Dutchefs's Affurance 
 of his appearing the next Morning. His Lord^- 
 mip was not in. the Houfe, at that Time, ancl 
 Mr. Stephen Liuikw finding him, told him 
 how Matters ftood, and that" if he were in- 
 elin'd to make his Elcape, there was a VeiTcl 
 ready tp carry him abroad. >ut her Grace 
 
 hav-
 
 168 The LIFE of the 
 
 having promifed that he fhould be forth-com- 
 ing, was againft that Step, and perfuaded him 
 to go very early the next Morning to attend 
 the Protector at Whitehall. He llaid there, in 
 the Drawing-Room, till three in the After- 
 noon, fending in feveral Meflages but receiv- 
 ing no Anfwer to any, till Baxter told him 
 he was commanded to provide him a Lodging 
 in the Tower. Thus, without being examin- 
 ed or admitted to the Protector, he was hurried 
 away thither in a Huckney-Coach, and there 
 remained till Qftober following;, when failing 
 ill of a dangerous Fever, and the Physicians 
 certifying that he cou'd not live, without 
 Change of Air, he was releafed and fufFered to 
 go down with his Mother to Aclon in Gkce- 
 jlerfoire : But continuing flill very ill, and 
 
 the Phyf:cians advifing him to try a 
 1680. foreign Air, a Pafs was, with much 
 
 Difficulty, .procured for him j upon 
 which his Brother Lord Richard went with 
 him as one of his Servants. They landed in 
 Flanders, but foon removed into Holland., where 
 Lord OJJory continued, not daring to come 
 near the King as long as Cromwell lived, for 
 fear it mould be a Pretence for taking away 
 from the Dutchefs the Tenancy of her own 
 Eilate ; which ihe had, at laft, obtuin'd and 
 got fettled by die Favour of Henry Crom- 
 well. 
 
 In November 165.9, the Earl of Offbry was 
 married to Emilia Daughter of Monlieur de 
 Bcvcrwecrf, naturaLSon of the Prince of O-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 169 
 
 -, Governor of Sluys, and all its Depen- 
 dencies, and a very leading Man in the Af- 
 fembly of the States General. After the Re- 
 ftoration coming into England, he was made, 
 by Patent, Colonel of Foot in Ireland on Fe- 
 bruary 8th, 1661, and Colonel and Captain 
 of Horfe by a like Patent on June I3th; on 
 the ipth of the fame Month, he was made 
 Lieutenant General of the Horfe, by another 
 Patent; and on Augujl 1 6th, 1665, appointed 
 Lieutenant General of the Army in that King- 
 dom. In the Year laft mention'd he was at 
 Eufton in Norfolk, when the four Days Fight 
 happcn'd with the Dutch, and hearing the 
 Guns from Sea, he and Sir T. Clifford found 
 Means, from Harwich, to get on Board the 
 Duke of Albemarle's Ship, the Duke being 
 then retiring, and fighting as he retreated to 
 preferve the fmaller VefTels, which he caufed 
 to fail before him, while he faced the Enemy 
 with the larger. The Earl brought his Grace 
 the firft News he had that Prince Rupert was 
 order'd back from the Weft to join his Fleet. 
 When the Dutch Ships prefs'd hard upon the 
 Duke, LordOffbry faid to him, " Hefawno 
 " Help but they muft be taken ;" but his 
 Grace reply 'd, " No ; he knew how to pre- 
 <c vent that;'' and when upon the Danger in- 
 creating, his Lordfhip was more curious to 
 know how he would avoid being taken, the 
 Duke anfwer'd, " He would blow up the 
 Ship." This brave Refolution was fo agree- 
 ble to Lord Offbry's own Sentiments, that he 
 
 ever
 
 Tfa LIFE of 'the 
 
 ever after kad his Grace in great Efteem- He 
 was at this Time very well with Lord Arling- 
 ton^ and In April 1666,, was contracted that 
 Alliance by this Nobleman's marrying Mada- 
 rnoifelle Isabella dc Be-verweert (Sifter to the 
 Countefs of OJjbry) which cemented a Friend- 
 iiiip between them that lafted till Fate put 
 an End to it by the Death of the former, Lord 
 Arlington always fhew'd a paffionate Regard 
 for the Earl of Ofiorv in ail his Concerns, on all 
 Occafions, adding him with his Interefl and 
 Counfels to the very laft; and on tjie other 
 Hand, when Lord Arlington was go j rig to be 
 impeached -by the Commons, and the Matter 
 was debated five Days together in the Hqufe, 
 Lord OJJory flood every Day, like a Solicitor, 
 in the Lobby, preffing the Members with the 
 moil earned Intreaties, and negledting nothing 
 till he. had carried the Point in his Favour. 
 
 In the fame Year, the Earl of Offory y up- 
 on his Father's Refignation of the Place, was 
 made Gentleman of the Bedchamber to the 
 King.; and in the June following was {Worn 
 of the Privy Council of England. Soon after, 
 by a Writ bearing Date September i/j-th, he 
 was cali'd to the Parliament then fitting at 
 Weftmin/lcr by the Title of Lord Butler of 
 Mccr-Park y and took his Place there accord- 
 ingly on the 1 8th Day of the fame Month. 
 \nMay .1670 he waited on his Majefly to 
 Dow/% when he went* to meet the Dutchefs 
 of Orleans. In Gftcber that Year, the King 
 being defirous to ice hi Nephew the Prince 
 
 of
 
 'Duke of ORMON'DE. i i 7-1 
 
 of Orange, lent the Earl for his Highnefo. 
 His Lordmip accordingly fat Sail for Hottajul, 
 attended by feveral Yatchs, and about the lat- 
 ter End of that Month put him and his Train 
 on Shore at Margaret in Kent. In February 
 following he waited on the Prince back to the 
 Hague i went from thence to view the Frziich 
 King's new Conquefts in F/an&rs, and pro-r 
 ceeded to the Court of France with the De- 
 iign of ferving that Monarch as a Vo- 
 lunteer, in an Expedition then intend- i6o, 
 ed by his Moil Chriftian Majefty, in 
 Perfon, towards Alface : But that King having 
 altered his Rcfolutions, he returned by the 
 Way of Holland into England j and in April 
 
 1 67 1, the Prince of Orange" fent him a Prefent 
 to London^ being a Bafon and Ewer of mail/ 
 Gokl. 
 
 In June 1671, the Earl went for Flanders* 
 deligning to go to the Siege Brunjwick ; but 
 undei (landing, there, that all Differences were 
 accommodated, he return'd by the Hague into 
 ting fond. In January 1671-2, r>e had a 
 Commiillon to command the Rcjolutitm^ a 
 third Rate Man of War, and another in April 
 
 1672, to command the Victory, a fecond 
 Kate. After the Sole bay fight on June 3, hfe 
 fent Mr. Mukys to vifit the iick and wounded 
 Seamen in St. Thomas's Hofpital in Southuwk^ 
 end to relieve them according as he found 
 their Necellities. Purfnant to his Orders, Mr. 
 Muleys gave to them he found moil: maim'd 
 
 to fuch as had lets Hurt, 20 s. and to 
 
 tiiofe
 
 172 The LIFE of the 
 
 thofe who had the flighted Wounds i o s. a- 
 piece. In September, that Year he was elected 
 Knight of the Garter, and inftalled at Windfor 
 the 2 jd of the next Month. In November 
 following he was fent Envoy Extraordinary to 
 the Court of France, with Compliments of 
 Condolence to that King, upon the Death of 
 Louis Francis of France^ Duke of Anjou. He 
 was highly carefs'd in that Court, and treated 
 in fome Refpects as a Prince of the Blood. 
 The King preffed him to take a Command in 
 his Army, and bidding him afk what Ap- 
 pointments he pleafed, added & j'enferay au 
 dela. < I will do even more, I know (faid he) 
 " you are born to a great Eftate, yet while your 
 " Father lives, you are in the Condition of a 
 " Cadet." His Lordmip excufmg himfelf, 
 the King fent Monfieur de Lotroois the next 
 Day to his Lodgings, who told him the King 
 was pleated to beftow a Command upon him, 
 and defired him /to afk what Command he 
 would have ; and that in afking he would be 
 as bold as a Lion. His Lord/hip return'd him 
 a Compliment in Anfwer j upon which he faid, 
 tc Come, my Lord, I fee you are modeft, let 
 *' me fpeak for you ; will 20,000 Piftoles for 
 <c an Equipage, and 10,000 Piftoles a Year do ? 
 " If not, fay what you will have, and choofe 
 " what Command you pleafe/" The Earl ftill 
 declin'd the Offer, faying, he was already en- 
 gag'd in the Sea-Service of his own Prince, in 
 the War againft the Dutch. At his parting from 
 
 the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 173 
 
 the Court . of France he was presented with a 
 Jewel of 2 c c o /. Value. 
 
 In May 1673, the King gave him the Com- 
 mand of the St. Michael a iirfl rate Ship, and 
 made him Rear-Admiral of the blue Squa- 
 dron, in Order to that great Sea-fight againft 
 the Dutch which happened mortly after. Sir 
 Edward Spragge commanded in Chief that 
 Squadron in the Engagement, being on Board 
 the Prince ; but that Ship being diiabled in 
 the Fight, with Van 'Trump, and Spragge 
 himfelf ilain as he was going in his Boat on 
 Board another Ship, His Lordmip lay to de- 
 fend the Prince from being fired or taken by 
 the Enemy, and towards Night brought, her 
 of? in Tow and join'd Prince Ruperfs Squa- 
 dron. He was then made Rear- Admiral of 
 the Red Squadron, and towards the Clofe of 
 that Summer's Expedition, (i-'iz, in Septem- 
 ber) he was fent to the Buoy in the Rare to 
 command the Fleet there lying, in Chief, and 
 to wear the Flag of Union on his Main-top- 
 mail-head. This was attended with a Penfi-' 
 en of 250 Pounds fettled upon him as having 
 had that Command and Privilege ; it being a 
 ufual Eftablimment given ofCourfe, or by the 
 King's Courtefy, to all that have had the Ho- 
 nour of the Flag. 
 
 It was at the latter End of the fame Year 
 that lie formed a Defign upon Hehoef//uvs. 
 where when he was lail in Holland, he had 
 feen with Indignation the Royal Ckarks, ta- 
 ken by the Dutch at Chatham^ lain up, with 
 
 all
 
 I 7 4 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 all the Maes Squadron as in a fecure Har- 
 bour. Being defirous from that Time of an 
 Opportutunity to revenge the Difgrace that 
 this Nation fuffered at Chatham, by return- 
 ing another of the like Nature upon Holland^ 
 he received advice from a Correfpondent 
 in that Country, that this Place, where 2 2 of 
 the largeft Dutch Men of War were lain up, 
 clofe by one another, and which for its great 
 Importance ufed to be well guarded, was 
 then left with a fmall Garrifon of only two 
 Companies of Foot, and that the Batteries, at 
 the Entrance of the Port, were in no good 
 Condition. His Lordfhip thereupon fent 
 Monlieur Sir Paul his Gentleman of the 
 Horfe, who though a Frenchman fpokc very 
 good Dutch, and having married a Dutch Wo- 
 man of the Hague, had Acquaintaance in 
 that Town, and the Country about it, to take 
 an exact Account of the Place, and to bring 
 him a Plan. St. Paul executed his Commiffi- 
 011 with much Induftry, Exadnefs, and great 
 Hazard of Life : And when he brought the 
 Account to Whitehall, his Majefly was fo 
 pleafed with it, that he promifed him a con- 
 iiderable Reward for his Pains, though he ne- 
 ver had it. The Execution of the Defign ap- 
 pearing very feafible, the Earl obtain 'd the 
 King's Orders and Inftructions to go with 10 
 Frigates, 2000 Landmen, to make Decent at 
 Hehoctjluys, and to deflroy the Royal Charles, 
 and fuch otheir Ships as he found there. E- 
 veryThing was ready j but on the fame Night 
 
 he
 
 Dteke of OkMbtf i> 97 
 
 he was to take his Leave, and to go on Board 
 in order to execute his Defign, he receiv'd the' 
 King's Countermand ; which gave him great 
 Trouble and Vexation. Sir John Narborough 
 who was to command next to his Lord {hip > 
 in this Expedition, knew the Coaftc of Ho/- 
 land-2,ft& the Port of Hefaoetjluys perfectly well, 
 and was to difcharge the Part of Chief Pilot 
 in the Action. When the King made Diffi- 
 culties in the Matter, Sir John told him, he 
 wou'd undertake, at the Peril of his Head, to 
 carry in the Ships at half Flood ; and the Earl 
 undertook to tell his Majefty, " That he wou'd 
 " fire the Dutch Ships with a half-penny Can-' 
 < die, or he fhou'd place his Head upon Weft- 
 " minfter-Hall by Cromwell's, for the greater! 
 " Traitor ever breathed." It was in Truth 
 the Eafinefs of executing fo great an Enter- 
 prize, ,that caufed it to be thwarted by a very 
 great Man, who was jealous of the glory that 
 wou'd thence redound to the Earl of OJjbry. 
 Mr. Ellis was afterwards upon the Place with, 
 his Lord (hip, who fou'nd the Plan St. Paul 
 had brought him very exadt, and the Thing 
 as eafy to have been executed;, as he had be- 
 fore imagined. 
 
 In November 1674, the Earl was fent into ; 
 Holland, about the Match between the. Prince 
 of Orange and the Lady Mary y Daughter to' 
 the Duke of York. In 1675, on Trinity 
 Monday, he was chofen Matter of the Society 
 and Brotherhood of Trinity-Jfoufe : And in 
 Aguft following, was made one of the Lord 
 N Com-
 
 198 72* LIFE of the 
 
 Gommiliioiiers of the Admiralty. In Nov. \ 8,> 
 1676, he was iworn and admitted to the Place 
 of Lord Chamberlain to the Queen, Don 
 Francife de Melo^ the Portugal Ambaffador, 
 (who was alfo her Chamberlain) being dif- 
 placed on a Complaint of the Bilhop of Lon- 
 don, for licenfmg Popifli Books. On June 2, 
 .1677, N. S. the Prince of Orange fending 
 over M. Eentmck to England, recommended 
 him by Letter to the Earl of Offory, and to- 
 his Father to afTift him in the Affair which he 
 came about. The Bufmefs was to propofe a 
 Match with the Lady - Marj-, and Mr. Ecniinck 
 firft addrefling himfelf to thofe Noblemen, 
 they advifed him to apply to the Earl of 
 Danby, then Lord Treafurer, left he ihould 
 oppofe the Thing, if moved from any other 
 Quarter. The Affair fucceeded, the Prince 
 had Leave to come over, at the End of the 
 Campaign ; and the Earl of Offer y having ob~ 
 fain'd a Permiflion (which had formerly been 
 refilled him) to go and make the reft of that 
 Campaign withhis Highnefs, pafs'd over into 
 Flanders in jfufy, and joined him at the Siege 
 of Charleroy - 3 when the Prince drew off from 
 that Siege, and the French Army- uuder the 
 Command of Moniieur de Luxemburg}) ap- 
 pe-ar'd in View of the Confederate Forces, and 
 an Engagement was expected, he gave the 
 Earl of Offcry- the Poft of Honour, with 6coo 
 Men under his Command ; but no Adlion en- 
 fued. In the February following he went in- 
 to Holland^ to enter upon the Command of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 19$ 
 
 General of the King of Great-Britattis Sub- 
 je&s in the Pay of the States, and returned in- 
 to England in Company with the Lord Em- 
 baflador Hyde, in September iothj 1678. 
 
 It was in the Campaign of that Year, and 
 at the Conclufion of the War, that thetme- 
 morable Battle of Mom was fought, in which 
 the famous Marefchal of Luxemburgh was 
 forced to retreat ; and the Earl of OJjbry gain- 
 ed fo much Glory. The States of Holland, 
 the Duke of Villa Harman, Governour of the 
 Low- Countries, and the King of Spain him- 
 felf, in a Letter under his own Hand, ac- 
 knowledged the great Services he had per- 
 formed in the Campaign. Upon his Return to 
 England, he was under Nomination for com- 
 manding his Majefty's Fleet, defigned to cha- 
 ftife the Pirates of Algiers : But infifting on a 
 greater Number of Ships, and better appoint- 
 ed, for doing fomething more for the Service 
 of the King, and the Honour of the Nation, 
 than perhaps was propos'd, the Lord Trea- 
 furer Danby, obftructed th granting his De- 
 mands, and Sir John Narborough was ap- 
 pointed with a fmall Squadron for that Ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Charles II. King of Spain having on Augufl 
 
 /?, 1676, N. S. married Maria Louife; 
 
 lughter of Philip Duke of Orleans, by his 
 firft Wife Henrietta Maria of England, the 
 King intended to fend the Earl of Offbry as his 
 Envoy Extraordinary, to congratulate his Ca- 
 tbolick Majefty on his Alliance and Marriage 
 'N 2 *f 
 
 3 1/ 
 Dai
 
 200 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 of his Niece. A Jewel was made by Lagoofe 
 the Jeweler, which coil 130007. and was in- 
 tended as a Prefent to the Queen of Spain. 
 His Lordfhip, alfo, put himfelf to a confider- 
 able Expence in preparing for the Journey, 
 propoiing to pafs through Portugal to Madrid^ 
 and from thence through France to Italy, to 
 make a Vifit to the Great Duke of Tufcany. 
 but this Journey was flopped, not fo much 
 by good Husbandry, which ferved for a Pre- 
 tence, as by the Pique and Ill-will of the 
 Earl of Effexy then firfl Commiflioner of the 
 Treafury, in Conjunction with Lords Sunder- 
 land and Halifax, chief Manager of the Af- 
 fairs of the Kingdom. Splenetick Perfons are 
 of all Men the aptefl to give Affronts, and yet 
 retain the moft lafling Refentments of any, for 
 iiich as they fancy are offered to themfelves ; 
 fuch a one was the Earl of EJ/ex, he was al- 
 ways ready to do ill Offices to the Earl of 
 Oflory, and had once, without any Reafon y 
 provoked him fo far, that he fent his Gen- 
 tleman of the Horfe to him with a Challenge, 
 but the Duel was prevented. Effex on this 
 Occafkui' prevailed on his Majefty, to fend on- 
 ly an Exprefs to their Catbolrck Majefties, wicl> 
 * congratulory Letter, in which the King made 
 honourable Mention of the Earl of O/Jory? 
 whom he once intended to fend on that Mef- 
 fage, but could cot at that Time fpare him from 
 his Councils and Prefence. Had the Jewel 
 been lent, by Lord OJJory, it would been dif- 
 ofai of in an honourable Manner ^ but no- 
 thing.
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 201 
 
 thing was faved by keeping it at Home ; for 
 not long after it was given to the Dutchefs of 
 Portfmouth. 
 
 The Earl when he went over in February 
 1677-8 to Holland^ had been made General 
 by the Prince of Orange's Patent, (as they 
 call it there) and in that Quality commanded 
 and took Place all the Time he was in the 
 Army, and had his Waggon Ordnances ap- 
 pointed him by the States, .but he had not the 
 States Commifiion till 1680. In the Beginning 
 of March this Year, he fent Mr. Ellis over 
 to follicit that Affair, and in cafe it could not 
 be obtain'd, to deliver up his Commiffion of 
 Colonel and Captain, which he had from the 
 States. The Prince was much furprized and 
 grieved at this unexpected Refolution of the 
 Earls, being very unwilling to loofe him, and 
 the War being at an End, the States would 
 tardly create fo great an Officer ; of which 
 they thought they had no longer any NeerL 
 His Highnefs would have fent the Agent back 
 with good Words and fair Promifes, But 
 Mr. Ellis acquainting him that his Lordfliip 
 had come to a fix'd Refolution, either to have 
 the State Commifnon as General, or to have 
 no Commiffion at all from them, it was at 
 length obtain'd. In dpril this Year he was 
 reftored to the Privy Council, out of which 
 iie had been left, ever iince the Diifolution of 
 the old, and the Creation of the new Coun- 
 cil, of which the Earl of Sbaftfbury was made 
 Refident, and was foon after deiign'd to be Go- 
 N 3 vernor
 
 202 the LIFE of the 
 
 vernor of Tangier f s, then befieg'd by the Moors. 
 As he was preparing to go thither with a Con- 
 fiderable Brigade, he died three Weeks after 
 he had compleated the 46th Year of his Age, 
 to the Univerfal Regret .of this Nation, and the 
 general Grief of a great Part of Europe. 
 
 He left behind him two Sons, yaines who 
 fucceeded him in his titular Dignity of Earl of 
 OJJbry, and Charles now Earl Arran, with four 
 Daughters, Elizabeth, married to William 
 Stanely, Earl of Derby ; Emilia {till living, 
 Henrietta, lince married to Henry D'Atruer- 
 querque, Earl of Grantham, and Katherine. 
 There was another Henrietta, and a Daughter 
 named Mary, who died in their Infancy : The 
 fame untimely Fate attended three others of 
 his Sons, buried June the ifl, 1667; March 30*, 
 j 668, andAuguft 26, 1 669, at Chriji Church in 
 Dublin. Thofe of his Children who furviv'd 
 him, fell under the Care of the Duke oiOrmond 9 
 who fupplied to them the Lofs of their Fa- 
 ther, the late Duke, who was born in the 
 Caflle of Dublin, April 29, 16655 and fuc- 
 ceeded to his Grand-father's Titles and Eflate, 
 and to the Generofity, Bravery and publick 
 Spirit of the Family, was in 1675, fent to. 
 France, at the 'Age of Ten Years, that he 
 might go through his Exercife and learn the 
 Language, under the" Care of Moniieur de 
 UAnge, who had been recommended to the 
 late Earfof OJJbry for his Governour. He 
 made but a fhort Stay in that Kingdom, as his 
 Qovernour's Conduct correfponded but ill with 
 
 the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 203 
 
 the Duke's Views. Soon after his Return * 
 England he was fent to Oxford, and placed * n 
 the College of Cbrift Church, where he con- 
 tinued to the Death of his Father. The French 
 King laying Siege to Luxemburgh, the young 
 Earl of O/bry then 19 Years old, went to tfoit 
 Siegei in which the Lord Howard Son to the 
 Earl ofCarlt/Ie, died pf his Wounds. Marfe- 
 chal Ccequi commanded at, and the King of 
 France, covered the Siege, with an Army of 
 40,000 Men. 'Twas inverted the 2 8th of April, 
 the Trench y/as open'd on the %th of May, and 
 the Town furrender'd the ytb of June 168*4, 
 he, two Years before was married to the 
 Daughter of Lord Hyde 9 afterwards Earl of 
 Rccbe/ier, who left him a Widower in the 
 1685, in which Year he was made a Lord of 
 die Bed-Chamber, ferv'd againft the Duke of 
 Monmoutb in the Weil, and a Treaty of Mar- 
 riage between him and the Lady Mary Sow- 
 merftf, Daughter to the Duke of Beaufort* 
 which had formerly been enter'd upon, was 
 reviv'd, and happily concluded. 
 
 Before I enter on the Particulars of this 
 Nobleman's publick Life, it may , not be 
 atnifs to take a fhort View of the Face of Af- 
 fairs, about the Time he made his fait Ap- 
 pearance upon the grand Theatre of this 
 World. We have, in a fummary Way fliewn 
 ihe Defigns of the Republicans to throw 
 thefe Nations back into the Confulions the 
 Miferies attendant on civil Contefts, and again 
 involve them in Scenes of Blood and Dcfola- 
 N 4
 
 204 fbe LIFE of the 
 
 iion, out of which they had emerged, by the 
 Almighty, opening the Eyes of the People 
 to their long Infatuation and, making them 
 fenuble how impoffible it was for them to re- 
 cover from real Evils, under which they 
 groan'd, while the Fear of imaginary Ills, the 
 Inventions of their Tyrants continued them 
 obftinate iu their Rebellion to their lawful 
 Sovereign, whofe Reftoration was the only Balm 
 that cou'd heal theirWounds ; the only Cement 
 that cou'd unite them in the Purfuit of their 
 Country'slritereft,whichneceflarily includes that 
 of every Individual, and the only means to re- 
 trieve their loft Character. We havealfo mewn 
 the Defjgns of thofe Enemies of their Country, 
 defeated by the remarkable Intervention of 
 of Providence ; the King- and his Royal 
 Brother efcaped from the Snares lain for 
 their Deflrudion, in the which the Wretches 
 themfelves were' taken, and that this was their 
 laft efForti n the Reign of King Charles the Se- 
 cond, who had indulged tbemmorethan confift- 
 ed with good Policy, or that Gratitude, which 
 the Sufferers for the Royal Caufe had Rea- 
 fon to expect from his Majefty ; as thefe were 
 left to ftrugip under the Wants, into which 
 their unalterable Loyalty had plunged them : 
 while they, who had before embroiled, fixed 
 an indelible Siain upon, the Nation, and had 
 been moft active againft the royal exiled Fa- 
 mily, bafked in the Sunfhine of royal Fa- 
 vour, were railed to Titles and Pofts of the 
 |iighefl: Pignity, Truft and Profit, and, by an 
 
 unaccountable
 
 Duke of ORE OKU. 
 
 unaccountable Policy, had the Power of -do- 
 ing Mifchief put into their Hands, as aa 
 neceffary, nay, an infallible Expedient to re- 
 ftrain them within the Bounds of their Duty 
 to their Sovereign, and of Moderation to their 
 Fellow-fubjects : But the Ufe they made of 
 this Confidence convinced his Majefty that he 
 could not fall under a more fatal Miftake than 
 to believe thefe Men capable of being oblig- 
 ed. 
 
 On the Death of the King, the Duke of 
 York, his Brother fucceeded to the Crown 
 with the greateft Alacrity of the People, whofc 
 Hearts he had gain'd, by having often ex- 
 pofed himfelf for the Honour of the Nation, 
 to the moft eminent Dangers with an Intrepi- 
 pidity, which made good the Character 
 Marefchal" Turenne gave him, viz. that if 
 ever Man was born 'without Fear it was the 
 Duke of York. Happy had it been for him, 
 his Family, and thefe Nations, cou'd we add, 
 if ever King was religcujly juft to bis Word, 
 it was King James the Second, but he was lefs 
 jealous of his Honour in this, than in other 
 Inftances ; for his Majefly, in his Speech to 
 his Privy Council, on his Acceflion to the 
 Throne, promifed to freferve the Government 
 both in Church and State, as it was then 
 eftablijfrd by Law, and this he reiterated in 
 his Speech to his firft Parliament. The re- 
 turns of Loyalty made by the People, without 
 other Motives, ought to have prevailed on the 
 King to have been punctual in th Perfor- 
 mance
 
 The LIFE of the 
 
 rtiance of this Promife ; but the large Strides 
 he openly took towards the Introduction of 
 Popery, and Arbitrary Power, dafhed all the 
 Hopes of Happinefs (conceived) under his 
 Reign, than whom none better underftood 
 the Interefts of his Kingdoms ; was more 
 able, or more willing to advance them, had 
 not his Attachment to the See of Rome 
 blinded him both to thofe, and to his own, 
 and alarmed the People, in general, to whom 
 he gave but too juft Grounds to fear for both 
 their Civil and Religious Rights. 
 
 Whoever is alarmed with the Approach of 
 Danger naturally turns his Thoughts on the 
 Means to prevent it, and notwithftanding the 
 perfonal Affection the Subjects of England 
 bore to their Sovereign, they were ready to 
 Men to almoft any Propofals, likely to pre ? 
 ferve their Liberty and Religion. 
 
 Never was a Parliament chofen with greater 
 Freedom, than that call'd by King Ja?nes ; 
 and never was there one which might be more 
 juftly {tiled the Barrier between the Preroga- 
 tives of the Crown j the Rights and Liber- 
 ties of the People j for as Mr. Echard fays, 
 tho' the Commons were very forward to 
 affift the King in his Civil Interefts, they 
 were extremely cautious with Regard to Po- 
 pery. 
 
 The Rebellions of Argyle and Monmonth, 
 met a general deteftation, except among the 
 Sectaries and Republicans ; and as all un- 
 fucceisful Infurrections, rather ftrengthen, 
 
 than
 
 Dufa of ORMONDE. 207 
 
 than (hake, the Prince upon the Throne, 
 ib thefe gave the King an Opportunity to 
 trample on the Neck of all his Enemies : but 
 by want of true Policy, they fmoothed the 
 Way to his fecond Exile, as they wrought 
 upon the People, to think that no Proofs of 
 Loyalty and Affeclion, cou'd prevail on his 
 Majefty to defift from his Deiign of bring- 
 ing the Kingdom, once more, under the Yoke 
 of Rome, and of rendering himfelf arbitrary ; 
 and that their Zeal to fupport him in his un- 
 doubted Rights, would only ftrengthen his 
 Hands to deprive them of fuch as they could 
 juflly and lawfully claim : No Wonder then 
 if they who had the greater! Properties and 
 the greateft Zeal for Religion, bent their 
 Thoughts on Means to fecure the Pofief- 
 iion of the one, and the Purity of the other ; 
 or, that the People, from what I have alrea- 
 dy obferved, was ready to join and fupport 
 them in fuch Meafures, as they ihould pur- 
 fue, conducive to theie Ends : Tho' I am in 
 myfelf fatisfied both from Hiftory, which 
 ' p^aks the perlbnal Affection of the People to 
 me King, and from Convention with rnanv, 
 at that Time able to judge of the Inclinations 
 both of the Nobility and People in general, 
 that the Views of much the greater Num- 
 ber extended no farther than to the Reftrain- 
 ing hisMajefty within thofe Bounds which he 
 himfelf had promifed he would not pals, and 
 had not the leaft Thought of dethroning him, 
 than whom, as I have already faid, no Prince 
 
 was
 
 ao 8 The LIFE of the 
 
 was more generally beloved. Nay, the Princs 
 of Orange, himfelf, by his difclaming all Pre- 
 tenfions to the Crown in the Declaration he 
 publifhed, feems to have been thoroughly 
 perfuadcd that the People in general had no 
 Defign , nay , were abhorrent , from the 
 Thoughts of difpofiefling their Sovereign ; 
 and what corroborates this Opinion, are the 
 Sentiments of the Generality of the Nation 
 on the Bill of Excluiion, demonstrated by 
 that, almoft, univerfal Joy, with which 
 King James was declared. But allowing the 
 Nobility and Gentry who invited the Prince 
 of Orange, and went over, to him, defigned to 
 keep this Mean, they were foon convinced it 
 was too difficult ; they had gone too great 
 Lengths to recede, with Safety ; for had not 
 the King deferted himfe4f their Defection of 
 him, the Laws would have pronounced Re- 
 bellion, and thofe glorious Patriots, who 
 brought about that jnoft happy Revolution, 
 they would have condemned as Traytors; 
 nay, poffibly the very People who have iince 
 been moft lavifh in their Praife, for their hav- 
 ing contributed to this furprifmg Event, would 
 have huzza'd them to the Gallows, on their 
 not fucceeding, for having made the Attempt. 
 They were therefore under a Neceffity, for 
 Self-prefervation to go all Lengths, and be- 
 ing once thus deeply engaged to heiitate at 
 nothing propofed. Could fuch a Revolution 
 have been foretold, hardly an Angel from 
 Heaven would have, gained Credit. How 
 
 could 

 
 Duie of ORMONDE a- 209 
 
 could it have entered into the Thoughts of 
 Men, who knew the Character of King James, 
 while he was Duke of Tbrkj who had remark- 
 ed the Affedlion the People had always fhewn 
 for his Perfon, that he would, without mak- 
 ing the leaft Effort to maintain bimfelf in,- 
 abandon, the Throne. It is true, he was de- 
 ferted by not only thofe, in whom he placed 
 the greateft Confidence, but they alfo carried 
 off with them his Forces : This Defertion was 
 not however general, and he might, had not 
 the Hand of God been in it, have found 
 Friends enough, would he have exerted him- 
 felf, to have made his Royal Highnefs the 
 Prince of Orange and his Adherents repent 
 the Undertaking, or at leaft have fecured his 
 Poffeffion of the Crown, by a Treaty which 
 would have quieted the Minds of the People^ 
 as I doubt not but his beft Friends would 
 have advifed his agreeing to Terms, which 
 would have put both our Religion and Liber- 
 ties out of Danger of Subveriion. Such in- 
 deed were offered us, by King Charles the 
 Second, but they who find their private Ad- 
 vantage in publick Calamities rejected them, 
 and would be fatisfied with nothing but what 
 the King declared he would never yield to, 
 an Ad of Exclufion. 
 
 King James, defponding, fled the King- 
 dom, the Throne was declar'd vacant ; the 
 Prince and Princefs of Orange crowned and- 
 the Succeflion, in Remainder, fettled on the 
 Princefs of Orange, tho' there was then & 
 
 Prince
 
 2io Tie L IFE of ike 
 
 Prince of Wales, who has been fince, as if 
 fuited with the Defigns of a Party, law- 
 fully born, and a fuppofititious Child. But 
 as a parliamentary has been often declared 
 the fole Right, I think the Legitimacy of this 
 Birth is quite ont of the Queftion, and none 
 but a Madman will prefume to difpute the 
 Legality of that Power which transferred the 
 Crown. 
 
 There were, at this Time, four Parties in 
 the Kingdom. The Tories, or high Church- 
 men ; the Whigs, or low Churchmen ; the 
 Roman Catholicks, or Papifts, and the Non- 
 jurors. The firft of thefe were zealous Pro- 
 tectors of the Hierarchy, or the eftablimed 
 Church: But the Whigs charged their Prin- 
 ciples and Practice with Inconfiftency as by 
 the former, they acknowledge the Doctrine of 
 Paffive Obedience or Non-refiffonce, affert the 
 Power of Sovereigns being from God, alone, 
 to whom only, they are accountable for their 
 Actions, and look upon a delegated conditional' 
 Power from the People, who may make them 
 anfwerable for their Conduct, as an abfurd Po- 
 tion. But in this they pretend the Law concurs 
 with them, which allows none fuperior to 
 the King; but then by the fecond, that is their" 
 Practice, they fhew Refiftance,- if neceilary, 
 of which Necefiity they make themlelves the 
 Judge, becomes lawful ; of Confequence, fay 
 their Antagonifb, they mull have a diviner 
 CommilTinn to fit and determine upon the 
 Actions of their Sovereign?, and -f they ckx 
 
 not
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 21 
 
 not prefume to pretend to fuch Commiflion; 
 they muft either admit that they ufurp a 
 Power they allow in God alone, or that they 
 adhially do not believe the Do&rine they pro- 
 fefs. 
 
 The fecond Set of Men, diftinguiflted by 
 the Appellation of Whigs, aflert that Princes 
 are inverted with a fovereign Power for the 
 Good of the People, from whom they re- 
 ceived it, and confequently on their abufing 
 fuch Power to the Oppreffion, which was 
 delegated for the Protection, of their Subjects, 
 it is eo inftante forfeited, and the People have 
 an inherent Right, by the Law of Nature, to 
 transfer the Sovereignty to another, who, they 
 have Rcafon to believe, will employ it to the 
 End for which it was defigned, the Good of" 
 Society : for the Prince is no more than the 
 Minifter or Servant of his People. That a 
 Right jure Divino is ridiculous j it is true in- 
 deed, the Scripture informs us, that God ap- 
 pointed SaxI and David Kings over the Jews 
 but then it muft be remembered it was in his 
 Wrath, and that he let them know their King 
 fhould be their Scourge, i Sam. viii. v. 1 1 to 
 19 inclufive. They admit alfo, that many 
 have obtained fovereign Power by ufurping on 
 the Rights of the People, but when the Op- 
 portunity ever offered they never failed, to at- 
 tempt the Recovery of them. But the Tories 
 advife us to obferve, that this Party are alfo 
 Judges, nay Ible Judges, when the People 
 Are, or are not oppreffed ; that is when it is 
 
 or
 
 212 The LIFE of tte 
 
 or isr not lawful to refill or dethrone the Prince^ 
 and govern themfelves in this, by an unalter- 
 able Maxim, viz. it is Treafon to refift, if 
 die Sovereign has the good Senfe to {hare with 
 them his Power, and put them in all the Pqfts^ 
 of Traft, Power and Profit .j But if. he is fo 
 much wanting to his Interefts as to depend on- 
 to the Counfels of fuch, as they are pleafed to 
 think their Enemies, or are not entirely agre-" 
 able to them j if he pretends to govern exclu- 
 five of their Advice, which are Signs of a 
 total Incapacity to guide the Helm of Go- 
 vernment, the Conftitution is immediately in 
 Danger j the Compact between the Prince 
 and People is broken oh his Side, and no 
 longer binding on the other, confequently Re- 
 fiftance is become neceiTary : But thefe Gentle- 
 men, fay their Opponents, will not inform 
 us when this Compact between King and 
 People was entered into. They cannot call 
 the Coronation Oath fuch, fince it is a Max- 
 im in our Laws, that the King nevtr dies, 
 and at the Demiie of a Sovereign, the next 
 Heir is, that Moment, King to all Intents and 
 Purpofes, and it is as much High Treafon to 
 take Arms againft him, before, as after, his 
 Coronation, as was evinced at the Death of 
 Edward the Sixth, when the Crown devolv- 
 ed to Queen Mary, a Papift, whence the 
 Tories aver they may juftly conclude that the' 
 Oath taken by our Sovereigns, when they 
 are crowned, is, ex mera gratia. It would 
 alfo> fay they, puzzle tliefe Gentlemen to 
 
 Jflsew"
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 213 
 
 hew when and where the People firft divert- 
 ed themfelves and transferred, the fovereign 
 Power they enjoyed to a lingle Perfon or to a 
 feledt Number ; a Power of which no other 
 Set of Men will allow they were ever poflef- 
 fed. The High Churchmen afk in whom 
 was this transferable Power lodged ? In whom 
 did it fubfift ? Was every individual invefled 
 with fovereign Power ? If fo, the World muft 
 have been in a State of Warfare, and every 
 one being governed by his own Paflions, 
 could have no Views bsyond the Gratification 
 of them, confequently nothing lefs than a 
 divine Infpiration could unite them in the 
 Choice of a fupreme Governor, to inveft him 
 with a coercive Power : And in fuch Cafe, 
 thefe Gentlemen, the Whigs, muft admit 
 Monarchy, db Origine, a divine Inftitution, 
 which they the Tories infill on, and as fuch 
 we are not to refift, if we believe the Apoftle, 
 who confirms that all Powers are from God, 
 and pur Duty to him inforces our Obedience 
 to them, except in Cafes of Neceflity, the 
 Nonjurors fay without Referve, for the Apoftle 
 makes no Exception. But to proceed with the 
 Arguments of the Tories. Was this fovereign 
 Power in the collective Body of any People ? 
 How was this Collective form'd ? By what 
 Motives were they prevailed upon to unite in 
 one Body ? How could that collected Body 
 fubfift, if not by the Inftitution of Laws, to 
 reftrain the Strong and protect the Weak ? 
 and neither this Union, nor Concurrence of the 
 united Body to enact fuch Laws, cou'd enter 
 O into
 
 214 The LIFE of the 
 
 into the Thought of mere Man ; and thus Irr- 
 fift, that all Powers, all Laws are from God $ 
 this the others deny, and place the Original 
 of all, as has been faid, in the People j they 
 pretend that nothing is eafier than to, natural- 
 ly, account for, what the Tories attribute to 
 a Miracle. Violence on the one hand, and 
 Self-prefervation on the others, was what firft 
 united fome Families, for their mutual De- 
 fence ; to which other, from the fame Mo- 
 tives joined themfelves ; and thus gradually, 
 and almoft imperceptibly was formed a Body 
 of People, who being taught by Experience, 
 that it was impoflible they could be kept to- 
 gether without fome coercive Laws ; fuch 
 were enacted for the Benefit of the Communi- 
 ty, and thus, of every Individual, and the exe- 
 cutive Power lodged in a fingle Perfon, or in 
 a felect Number ; in thefe two jointly, or 
 continued in the People : Who as they multi- 
 plied, found it necefTary to delegate their Power 
 to Men, the mofl conlpicuous among the dif- 
 ferent Families, or Tribes for their Virtues, as 
 their Reprefentatives ; and as this Power, whe- 
 ther in a fingle Perfon, or in a Number,, was* 
 transferred by, for the Advantage of the Peo- 
 ple, whenever the Governor or Governors a- 
 bufed fuch Power, they broke the tacit Com- 
 pact, upon which was founded the Peoples- 
 Obedience to them, confequently the Power 
 again .devolved on them to chufe one, who- 
 would better anfwer the End of Government, 
 viz.' the publick Good. That, indeed, as eve-. 
 ^ thing is from God, fo is the fupreme' 
 
 rover.
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 215 
 
 Power, but then this of governing is mediate- 
 ly, thro' the People, confequently an indefea- 
 fible, hereditary Right is a ridiculous Syftem, 
 as it fuppofes the Lives and Fortunes of Mil- 
 lions, by a divine Decree, to be at the Dif- 
 pofal of perhaps the moft weak and moft 
 cruel of the Society. While, fay they, there 
 is a Succeffion of virtuous Princes, in a Fami- 
 ly, inverted with the fupreme Power, 'tis cer- 
 tainly for the Advantage of the Community not 
 to break in upon it : But whenever any of its 
 Dependents degenerate into Tyrants, it wou'd 
 be denying Men the Ufe of Reafon, to fup- 
 pofe a Paffive Obedience, confonant with the 
 Will of God, who is incapable of Cruelty to- 
 wards his Creatures. 
 
 The Tories again endeavour to prove Go- 
 vernment of divine Inftitution from that of the 
 Patriarchs, tvery Matter of a Family having a 
 natural coercive Power over his Offspring, Gfr . 
 but to quit thefe Arguments. 
 
 Tho' the Denomination of Whig included 
 all Sectaries, nay even Deifts and Atneifts then 
 called themfelves fuch, yet 'tis Certain the To- 
 ries were, of the two, at that Time, the 
 more numerous Party. 'Tis obfervable that 
 thefe Gentlemen differed alfo, effentially, from 
 the others with refpecl: to the publick Intereft,, 
 which the Hiftory of thofe Times feem to 
 prove the Tories had more at Heart ; and 
 while the Whigs, we may fay from the then 
 Writers, tolerated Monarchy, and the Efta- 
 bliihed Church, the others zealoufly adhered 
 to both, granting Occasional Refinance, allow- 
 
 O 2 Cd
 
 216 The LIFE of the 
 
 ed by the latter, which accounts for the 
 Duke of Ormond's voting for a King, after 
 King James was withdrawn, ^fearing a Regent 
 might pave the Way to a Republick. 
 
 The Principles of the Roman Catholicks I 
 need not mention ; and the Nonjurors differed 
 from the Tories, in this fingle Point, only, 
 of refifting in Cafes of Neceffity, which they 
 will not admit, as none but a Party in Intereft 
 can be judge of that Neceffity. Let a Prince 
 be ever ib great a Tyrant, they will allow no 
 other Arms againft him, than Prayers and 
 Tears ; for if God, as he often does, fuffera 
 wicked Princes, 'tis an Infli&ion that our Sins 
 have merited, and if we refift, 'tis to our 
 own Damnation, fo firmly do they adhere to 
 thefe Tenets, that they will, for no Profped: 
 of Gain, take Oaths to the Government, 
 ( fince the Revolution ; ) whence they have 
 their Appellation, and would rather fuffer any 
 Hardships, than defert their Principles; as 
 they will tell you, they dare not put the 
 higeft Affront upon the divine Majefty ; at- 
 teft the Almighty to their believing, what 
 they really do not : A Crime one would think 
 they deem irremiffible. They look upon thofe 
 as Schiimaticks who admit Refiftance of their 
 Sovereigns, even under the moft tyrannical 
 Perfecution. This Party was and is held in the 
 higher! Contempt. Their Number and In- 
 tereft is fo inconfiderable, that they hardly de- 
 ferve to be taken Notice of, if not for their 
 paffive Courage 5 for whatever Hardfhips they 
 laboured under, there was none to interpofe in. 
 
 their
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 217 
 
 their Favour, in which, the Roman Catho- 
 licks had the Advantage of them, as our A1-. 
 lies are many of them of the Roman Church : 
 And had their wi(hed-for Reftoration been ef- 
 fected, from the Example of the preceeding 
 Reign, they had little Ground to hope their 
 Adherence to the once Royal Houfe of Stuarts, 
 would entitle them to any Reward j where- 
 fore 'tis evident that thefe were a Set of Men 
 perverfely obftinate, confequently very weak, 
 or really confcientious, fixing their Views on 
 future Recompence, looking beyond this Life, 
 in which their Situation is far from being de- 
 firable. 
 
 The Whigs had the Art to Ingratiate them- 
 felves with the new King, whom they per- 
 fwaded that his prodigious Succefs was entire- 
 ly owing to them, and I am well grounded, 
 if I think it was chiefly, that Party which 
 placed the Crown on hi* Head j but 'tis un- 
 deniable that it was with the Concurrence of 
 the Tories ; for in the Debate among the 
 Lords whether, fuppofing the Crown vacant, 
 if it ought to be filled up by a Regent or a 
 King, they voted for a King j tho' the depo- 
 fing Power was then fo odious, as favouring 
 of Popery, that among the Bimops, only thofe 
 of London and Erijlol gave into it : But whe- 
 ther or no they were the more active in mak- 
 ing the Prince a King, when he was fo, he 
 found the Tories the better Subjects, as the 
 former were for making him dependent, by 
 granting his Revenues from Year to Year on- 
 ly, and by retraining his Power over the 
 O 3 Militia,
 
 ii8 The LIFE of 'the 
 
 Militia. They were jealous, fays the Bifhop 
 of Salt/bury, of his growing arbitrary, if the 
 Revenue was once fettled on him, and that he 
 would ftrain for a Pitch of Prerogative, as 
 foon as he was out of Difficulties and Di- 
 ftreiTes. But, notwithftanding the Opinion 
 of this right reverend Father of the Church, 
 I am apt to think, from the known Conduct 
 of the Whigs, they were lefs afraid of arbitra- 
 ry Power, then of their being themfelves out 
 of all Power j for we have feen them, as well 
 as the Tories, Advocates for and ftretching 
 the Prerogative while they had the Helm of 
 Government in their Hands, tho' when out 
 of Power, as violent for retraining it, and ex^ 
 tending the Liberties of the People, at the Ex- 
 pence of the Rights of the Crown. Indeed 
 Power feems, to me, to have been the Bone 
 of Contention between the great Men of ei- 
 ther Party, tho' of this Ambition, I believe 
 even the Enemies of the Duke will acquit him. 
 However dependent the Whigs were willing to 
 keep the King, 'tis certain, the Tories were 
 lefs complaifant to a Dutch Intereft, than the 
 Whigs, or, than the new Monarch might 
 have wifh'd them from that laudable Virtue, 
 in a Prince, the Love of his Country. The 
 Duke of Ormonde., than whom no Subject 
 was more confpicuous, for this fhining Vir- 
 tue but too little known, among us, never 
 loft Sight of either the Interefts of the Na- 
 tion, or of the Prerogatives of the Crown, 
 and thq' the King h,ad deferted himfelf, yet 
 
 he
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 119 
 
 lie without DiiUn&ion, as to the Perfon of 
 the Prince, was always equally zealous for 
 their Prefervation, and for that of the Rights 
 and Liberties of the People, each being kept 
 from Encroachment on either Side, being the 
 moft probable Means to make tfce Intereffc 
 and the People one and the fame, which can 
 alone make botli happy. His Zeal for the 
 eftablimed Church was too well known for 
 me to mention. A Nobleman remarkable for 
 his Difintereflednefs and publick Spirit, pof- 
 fibly did not approve of the Affairs of the 
 Nation being confulted among the D.utcb Coun- 
 iellors ; he., as well as the People might not 
 like to fee our Money fent to Holland., or the 
 Trade of the United Provinces rife upon the 
 Ruins of that of England; he might not re- 
 lim a Land War 4 being preferred to one at 
 Sea, where alone we could make any Figure, 
 or reap any Advantage ; he might not be 
 pleafed to fee her Majefty Queen Mary fhtit 
 out of the Adminiilration j he might difap- 
 prove the raifing Money by Anticipation on 
 the Revenue by large Premiums and at ex- 
 ceflive Interefl, or the taking up naval war- 
 like Stores and Provifions, upon Credit, from 
 Extortioners ; he might be of Opinion, that 
 the Neglecl: of prote&ing our Merchants 
 from the Depredations made by Privateers 
 enabled the Dutch to underfell them. And 
 lie was pombly dififatisfy'd with feeing the 
 Nation mortgaged to Foreigners, Jews and 
 O 4 publick
 
 220 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 publick Plunderers ; he might be averfe to the 
 feeing the Irifh forfeited Eftates, contrary to 
 the King's Promife, not only given away, 
 but to Strangers, while the Eng/ijh were 
 groaning under the Weight of heavy, and al- 
 mofl: daily increafing, Taxes, which I am 
 apt to think fome who have fince been at 
 the Helm, think good Policy rather to in- 
 creafe than diminish : He might difapprove 
 of the Englijh having the greater Burthen of 
 the War thrown upon them by the Spaniards t 
 the Imperialifts, and the Princes of Germany , 
 not furniming their Quota's ; he might dif- 
 like Place-men in the Houfe of Commons, 
 and approve of triennial Parliaments; in mort, 
 he might be againft too great Encouragement 
 to Sectaries, and might not look upon it the 
 Intereft of the eftablimed Church, that the 
 Convocation was not fuffered, to meet, while 
 the Aflembly of the Kirk in Scotland was al- 
 lowed to lit, nay, and to infift on an inherent 
 Right to meet and continue their Seffions till 
 they dijGTolved themfelves, without Regard to 
 the regal Authority, and this without Cen- 
 fure ; and think that taking any Steps toward 
 altering the Conftitution of the Church dero- 
 gatory from its Dignity, and could plainly 
 fee that the Comprehension meant nothing 
 lefs than the Eftablifhment of Prefbytery, in 
 England as in Scotland, upon the Ruins of 
 Epifcopacy, where it was abolim'd and its 
 Members riot allowed a Toleration. 
 
 As 'the great and happy Event of the glo^ 
 
 rious
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 221 
 
 rious Revolution, the Bleffings confequential 
 of which will probably, be tranfmitted to late 
 Poflerity, railing the Hopes of the Prefbyte- 
 rians, who from the Court's Partiality in their 
 Favour, had greatly extended their Views, 
 mufl neceffarily make them Enemies to the 
 ileady Sons of the eflablimed Church j 'tis 
 nothing wonderful if they and Men of Re- 
 publican Principles were no Friends to the 
 Duke of Ormonde : But then he had {launch 
 ones of all true Church-men, nay, many who 
 differed from him in Opinion, with Regard 
 to publick Affairs, could not but admire the 
 Virtues of his private Life, for which his 
 Memory will be revered, as ^ long as Huma- 
 nity, unbounded Generofity, and an intrepid 
 Courage are numbered among thofe which 
 make up the Character of a great good Man. 
 The Revolution which fent King James into 
 Exile, was in great Meafure owing to his own 
 Conduct, tho' we have Reafon to believe the 
 Scheme was lain in the preceding Reign, for in 
 1 674 a difcontented Party in England held a 
 Correfpondence with the Prince of Orange^ and 
 it is fufpected, that they deiigned to caufe In- 
 furrections in England, and to be affifted by 
 the Dutch whofe Fleet was to appear upon 
 our Coafls ; nay, when Sir William Temple 
 felt the Prince's Pulfe on the Subject, he was 
 far from denying the Fact, but faid, he could 
 not betray thofe who profeffed to be his 
 Friends, when the Englifh Ambaffador hinted 
 it would be kind in his Highnefs to let his 
 
 Mailer
 
 222 72^ LIFE of the 
 
 Mafter know who were his Enemies; and 
 while the Match between the Prince and La- 
 dy Mary was in Treaty, the Bill of Exclu- 
 iion was warmly infifted on by one Party, and 
 as refolutely oppofed by the other. 'Tis alfo 
 notorious, that the Prefence of the Prince, in 
 England gave frefli Spirit to the former : But 
 whenever this Scheme was lain, or with 
 whatever View it was perfected we do, and 
 our Pofterity will, enjoy the happy Effects as 
 long as we are bleffed with a Prince of the 
 prefent royal Family to fill the Throne ; con- 
 iequently the Memory of the great Men 
 who contributed to this happy Event muft 
 be dear to us, among whom the late Duke 
 of Ormonde may be placed in the foremoft 
 Rank, confequently as one of the firil in 
 our Efteem. Even among fuch as ever de- 
 clared themfelves Enemies to the Revolu- 
 tion he has a Claim to their Regard, as none 
 has fhewn himfelf more an Englifoman, hav- 
 ing ever preferred the Publick, to whatever 
 regarded his own private Intereft ; and as his 
 univerfal Benevolence made him averfe to all 
 Perfecutions, the Roman Catholicks and Non- 
 jurors, themfelves, ought to revere his Me- 
 mory. 
 
 On the twenty- eighth of November, 
 1 63 8. a Chapter of the' moll noble Order of 
 the Garter being holden, his Grace 
 the Duke of Ormonde, together with the Duke 
 of Berwick, was elected Knight Companion 
 of that Order. In Nwenwer following the Prince 
 
 of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 223 
 
 of Orange landing in the Weft (feveral Per- 
 fons of Note going over to the Prince and 
 a bloody Civil War beginning in the Bowels 
 of the Nation, which in all Probability, by 
 its being fupported, on either Side, by the 
 daily Arrival of frefh foreign Succours would 
 be of long Duration, to our intire Ruin) moft 
 of the Proteftant Lords fpiritual and temporal, 
 among whom was his Grace, met to confult 
 on the moft proper Means to avert the im- 
 pending Evils j to which End they thought 
 none could be fo conducive as a free Parlia- 
 ment being called, and fome Treaty fet on 
 Foot between the King and the Prince of 
 Orange, and refolved, in a Petition, to lay 
 this their Opinion and humble Advice before 
 his Majefty ; and tho' the King had declared, 
 he ftould take it highly ill of any Man, and 
 efleem him his Enemy, 'who Jhould advife his 
 entering into Treaty with the Invader cf his 
 Kingdom ; yet the two Archbifhops, with the 
 Bifhops of Ely and Rochefter, had the Cou- 
 rage to deliver a Petition of the above Te- 
 nor : To which his Majefty, fbme three 
 Days after, gave a plaufible but unfatisfaclory 
 Anfwer. 
 
 The King fat out, on the Seventeenth, at- 
 tended by the Prince of Denmark, the Duke 
 of Ormonde, &c. for, and arrived, the Nine- 
 teenth, at Salijlury, near which Place he had 
 fixed the Rendezvous of his Army ; but be- 
 ing taught by the Defertion of the Perfons, 
 Jn whofe Fidelity he thought he could place 
 
 pcnd
 
 224. Tie LIFE of the 
 
 an intire Confidence, that he could not de- 
 pend on his Army, many of whom followed 
 their Officers to the Prince of Orange, he, 
 with fome Precipitation, returned towards 
 Windfor, and on the Road, had the Mortifi- 
 cation to fee himfelf deferted by the Prince of 
 Denmark, the Duke of Ormonde^ &c. who 
 left him at Andover, and having joined the 
 Prince at Sberbourn Cattle, (from whence he 
 fent forth his third Declaration, ) entered 
 Salijbury with him ; from which City the 
 Duke of Ormonde, with a Party of the Prince's 
 Troops, went to Oxford, and caufed his De- 
 claration to be publickly read in that Univer- 
 iity ; notwithstanding I do not any where find 
 his Grace's Name among fuch of the Nobili- 
 ty as invited the Prince of Orange to enter 
 upon an Invaiion. It is foreign to my Sub- 
 ject to treat of this great and happy Event, 
 more remarkable for its Succefs than that e- 
 ven of Lijbon, the Portuguese revolting a- 
 gainft an uiurped Power j whereas the Prince, 
 who was thus eafily driven from, had an un- 
 doubted Right to, the Throne of Great Bri~ 
 tain. 
 
 On the Fifth of April 1689, his Grace was 
 inflalled Knight and Companion of the moft 
 noble Order of the Garter, by the Duke of 
 Grafton and Earl of Rochefter, commifTioned 
 
 to perform that Ceremony in St. 
 1690. George's Chapel at Windfor, and in 
 
 May following was one of the 
 Knights in the Commiffion for inflalling 
 Puke Schomberg. 
 
 After
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 225 
 
 After King William and Queen Mary were 
 proclaimed, and the Privy-Council chofen, his 
 Majefty named the great Officers of his Hou- 
 fhold, the Duke of Ormonde was made one 
 of the Lords of the Bed-chamber. The fame 
 Year he attended King William to Ireland, 
 and was at the Breach of the Boyne, after 
 which his Grace, accompanied by Monfieur 
 Overkirk was fent, with nine Troops of Horfe, 
 to preferve the Quiet of Dublin, whether he 
 was followed by the King, and on his remov- 
 ing Weftward, was fent, by his Majefty, from 
 Carlcw, with a Party of Horfe, to take Pof- 
 feffion of Kilkenny, and to proted: the Inhabi- 
 tants of the Parts adjacent from the Depre- 
 dations of the Enemy, where he fplendidly 
 entertained the King, who followed him, at 
 the Cattle, belonging to his Grace, which 
 Count Laitzim, had generoufly protected from 
 Plunder, and he not only found his Furniture 
 untouched, but even his Cellars well ftored 
 with Wine. After the Campaign 
 finifhed his Grace having, in Oc- 1691. 
 tober 1690, been named one of 
 the Privy -Council for Ireland, returned to 
 England*, in January 1691, attended his Ma- 
 jefty to Holland, and, at the Hague, where 
 there was an extraordinary Meeting of the 
 Confederates, many Princes being there in 
 Perfon, to concert Meafures with the King, 
 his Grace was particularly remarkable for his 
 Magnificence, as indeed he every- , 
 where, and always was.
 
 226 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 King 'James intending to invade England fent 
 over a Declaration, in which he fet forth his 
 Right, inviting all his Subjects to join him, 
 on his landing, and promising a general Par- 
 don to all, but the Per ions therein excepted 
 by Name, among whom was the Duke of 
 Ormonde. One would have thought that the 
 great Sufferings, and Service for, and to, the 
 Royal Family, by the Grand-father and Father 
 of his Grace, might have prevailed on his 
 Majefty to have allowed him the Benefit of 
 this promifed Amnefty, efpecially confidering 
 the Caufe, was that of Religion, which his 
 Majefty openly endeavoured to fubvert, and 
 in the Defence of which, his Grace followed 
 the Example let him by the King's own Chil- 
 dren, who proved, by aifo deferting him, that 
 it ought to be preferred to all Ties of Na- 
 ture, Gratitude and Allegiance. The Duke, 
 however, was in no great Danger of falling a 
 Victim to the Refentment of the exiled Mo- 
 narch, his Hopes being intirely blafted by 
 the Ruin of the French Fleet, off Cape Ear- 
 flsur^ and at La Hague. We were lefs fortu- 
 nate in Flanders^ where the Englifo 
 1693. in particular loft a great Number of 
 Men, at Landen ; at which Place 
 Luxemburgh forced the Camp of King William 
 efteemed inacceflible. The wily French Ge- 
 neral making a Feint as if he would befiege 
 Liege or Maeftricht ? having made himfelf 
 Mafter of Huy, tho' his Delign was to fight 
 the Allies, was the Reafon King William, 
 
 who
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 227 
 
 who had before detached the Prince of Wir 
 temberg to force the French Lines which co- 
 vered their Conquefls, fent another Detach- 
 ment of ten Battalions, to reinforce thofe Gar- 
 riibns, which fo greatly weakened his Army, 
 that their Number was, at leaft one Third in- 
 ferior to that of the French. The Battle was 
 obftinately fought, and proved very blooey on 
 both Sides ; the Enemy loft a great Number 
 of Men in the Attack, and the Allies not few- 
 er after the Defeat. The King behaved with 
 prodigious Gallantry, charging feveral Times 
 at the Head of the Troops. The Duke of 
 Ormonde charged at the Head of one of JLtim- 
 iey's Squadrons, and his Horfe being mot un- 
 der him, and himfelf wounded, a Soldier 
 was en the Point of killing him, when one of 
 the Fre?ich King's Guards, feeing on his Fin- 
 ger a rich Diamond Ring, concluded him a 
 Perfon of Diftihdlion, and refcued him from 
 the Danger. On the other Hand, the Duke 
 of Berwick was made Prifoner by Brigadier 
 Churchil. Thefe two Noblemen were after- 
 wards exchanged ; the Duke of Orimnde was 
 carried to Namur^ where fo much Care was 
 taken of him, that he was foon out of Dan- 
 ger. The Misfortune of his Grace was a Blef- 
 iing to a great many of the poor Prifoners of 
 the allied Troops, who were confined in the 
 fame Town, as he diftributed among them a 
 confiderable Sum of Money. 
 
 On the laft Day of this Year, Prince Lewis 
 ef Baden landed at Gravefefid, and had, on 
 
 his
 
 228 The L I F E of the 
 
 his Arrival in Town, an Apartment in White- 
 ball, which was before fitted up for his Re- 
 ception ; he was here fplendidly entertained 
 and diverted by his Majefty, and by feveral of 
 the Nobility, but the Magnificence with which 
 he was received by the generous Duke of Or- 
 rnonde eclipfcd ail that he had before feen. 
 After a fumptucus Banquet there was a Ball, 
 which was brightened by the Prefence of the 
 grcaccfl Beauties of the EngUJJ} Court. 
 , In the Beginning of this Year, the 
 
 honourable Charles Butler, Efq ; 
 Brother to his Grace, was created a Baron of 
 England, and Earl of Arran in Ireland. On 
 
 the Third of Apr 11^ the King went 
 1695. to Gravefend, embarked on board 
 
 the William and Mary Yacht for 
 Holland^ attended by the Duke of Ormonde^ 
 who commanded the fccond Troop of Guards. 
 Though the laft Campaign was in a Manner 
 pafled, by the Armies cbferving each other .; 
 the retaking Huy by. the Confederates being 
 the only Event worth Notice; that of this 
 Year was remarkable for the taking Namur y our 
 Fleet inflating the French Coaft, and bombard- 
 ing fome Sea-Port Towns, and the French by 
 Way of Reprifal bombarding Bruffeh. In the 
 Siege of this ftrong Fortrtfs, Nair.ur command- 
 ed by a Marihal of France^ and vainly endea- 
 voured to bereliev'd by another Murmal,at the 
 Plead of an Army of a hundred thcufand Men, 
 the Duke was often expofed to the Fire of 
 the Befie2;ed, many being killed near him. 
 
 When
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 229 
 
 When the French Garrifon marched out of 
 Namure, his Grace was in the Coach with the 
 King, who, incognito, law them pafs. 
 
 His Majefty in his Progrefs, de- 1695. 
 figning to make a Vifit to the Uni- 
 verfity of Oxford, his Grace fet out to receive 
 and compliment him, as Chancellor, to which 
 Honour he was elected the Twenty-fifth of 
 July, i688j in the room of his Grandfather, 
 and on the Twenty-third of Auguft, was in- 
 ftalled at his own Houfe in St. James's Square. 
 
 On News of the King drawing toward the 
 Univerfity, the Duke with the Vice-chancel- 
 lor, the Doctors in their Habits, and the 
 Magiftrates of the City, went to fome Di- 
 ftance to pay their Devoirs, and the refpec- 
 tive Compliments of the Univerfity and City 
 having been made to the King, they proceed- 
 ed to the Eaft-gate of the Schools j the Con- 
 duit of the City the whole Time pouring 
 forth Wine. 
 
 His Majefty alighting, pafTect directly to 
 the Theatrej where he was harangued by 
 Mr. Codrington of All Souls, a Gentleman di- 
 ftinguifhed for his Learning and Genius, and 
 for this Time fupplied the Place of the Uni- 
 verfity Orator, who happened to be indifpos'd. 
 The Chancellor made the King the ufual Pre- 
 fents, viz, a large Engli/h Bible, and a Com- 
 mon Prayer-Book, the Cuts of the Univerfity, 
 and a Pair of Gold fringed Gloves. A fplendid 
 Entertainment, and a fine Concert of Mufick was 
 provided to regale his Majefty, as they expected 
 P he
 
 2 3 o The LIFE of the 
 
 he would do the Univerlity the Honour to 
 jftay Dinner; but, fays Beyer, the Duke of 
 Ormond having communicated to his Majefty 
 a Letter addrefTed to his Grace, by a namelefs 
 Perfon, and dropt in the Street the Day before, 
 wherein Information was given of a pretended 
 Defign to poifon the King at the Entertain- 
 ment ; his Majefty, without reflecting on the 
 Groundlefnefs of a Report, which was un- 
 doubtedly rais'd by his Enemies, refolved nei- 
 ther to eat nor drink, and immediately took 
 Coach for Windfor, declaring as a Reafon for 
 his fhort Stay, and his not going to fee the 
 Colleges, that this was a Vifa of Kindnefs, not 
 of Curiofity ; having before feen the Univerfity, 
 This Compliment did not however, fo qualify 
 the feeming Contempt his Majefty exprefs'd for 
 the Univerfity, but that it was highly refented 
 by that learned Body ; and 'tis no Wonder 
 that Men remarkable for enforcing their Pre- 
 cepts by their Example, mould deem the fuf- 
 pecting them- capable of a treacherous Mur- 
 der, a very great Indignity put upon them, 
 however they might be thought to ftand affect- 
 ed to his Majefty's Perfon or Title. 
 
 Whoever confiders the Partiality of this 
 Reign to a Dutch Intereft, the Influence of 
 foreign Favourites on the one hand, and on the 
 other the Duke of Ormond's Character, ever 
 ftudious of the Honour and Welfare of his 
 Country, above all fordid Views, and preferring 
 the publick Good to every other Consideration, 
 will not be furprized, that his Grace had in 
 
 that
 
 Duke of ORMON>E 231 
 
 . 
 
 that Space of Time very few Opportunities of- 
 fered him to become confpicuous : And if he 
 was more diftinguimed by the People than 
 many other of the Nobility, nay, I may fay 
 if he became their Darling, it muft be attri- 
 buted folely to the Knowledge they had of 
 his difinterefted Attachment to his Country j 
 to the Proofs they had had of his perfona 
 Bravery ; to that Magnificence with which he 
 kept up the Dignity of an Englijh Nobleman 
 of the Firft Rank ; to that Humanity and Ge- 
 nerality which Numbers daily experienced, 
 all admired, and few equalled ; to his Affa- 
 bility, Hofpitality, Beneficence and an un- 
 common and natural Benevolence which in- 
 clined him to do good Offices to all who ap- 
 ply'd to him, for which many made him very 
 ungrateful Returns, inverting the Chriflian 
 Precept, zrd returning Evil for Good. However 
 politically he might endeavour to conceal that 
 Indignation which he could not but feel to fee 
 the Revenues of the Crown, and thofe Eftates 
 which were defign'd, and the King promis'd 
 mould be apply'd, to eafe the People loaden 
 with Taxes, given to Dutchmen, honoured 
 with Englijh Titles, and voting in the Englijh 
 Senate ; however, I fay, he might think 
 to ftifle the Uneafmefs, fuch a Procedure 
 muft necefiarily caufe, he either was not fuf- 
 ficiently Mailer of the Art of Difiimulation, 
 cr was, from his known publick Spirit, fup- 
 pos'd difcontented : A fufficient Reafon for his 
 P 2 not
 
 232 *n>e LIFE of the 
 
 not being regarded at Court in a Manner 
 equal to his Birth, Rank and Merit. 
 
 Having mentioned the Gratuity conferred 
 by the King on his Countrymen here in Eng- 
 land y I fhall beg Leave to digrefs for a few 
 Lines, and to inftance fome Particulars. To 
 Mynheer Eentick his Majefty granted out of 
 the Demefnes of the Princes of Wales the Ma- 
 nors of Denby, Ercomfeld and Tale y being no 
 kfs than five Parts in fix of a whole Country, 
 of which moft of the Gentry and the common 
 People would have become his Subjects, had 
 not the Commons interpofing obtained of the 
 King to recall his Grant j he had alfo 26480 
 Acres given him by his Majefty, out of the 
 forfeited Eftates in Ireland. This Gentleman 
 was one of King William's firft Privy Council, 
 Groom of the Stole, and before the Coronation 
 created Baron of Cirencejhr y Vifcount Wood- 
 ftock, and Earl of Portland. After the Peace 
 of Ryfwick the King fent his Lordfhip to 
 France his AmbalTador extraordinary, that he 
 might do Honour to the Rnglijh Nation,, 
 which could not afford a Native fit to appear 
 in that high Capacity at a Court remarkable 
 for Policy and Politenefs. To the Earl of 
 Albemarle^ another Dutchman^ rais'd to the 
 Peerage, and made a Knight of the Garter, to 
 the Mortification of the EjigUJb Nobility (fays 
 a certain Hiftorian, alledging the Reafon of 
 this Difguft) his Majefty gave 13 58 30 Acres 
 of the laid Eftates. To the Earl of Atbkne^ a 
 Dutchman alfo, 36148 Acres. I mention not 
 
 that
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 233 
 
 that which his Majefty did for other Fo- 
 reigners : neither mall I take other Notice of 
 the Advantages the States General made by 
 their fending one of their Subjects to be our 
 King, as one of their Writers boafts * than 
 this, that they have fo far engroffed our 
 Herring Fifliery on our Coafts, as in a Man- 
 ner to exclude our own Subjects , which 
 Branch alone I have been credibly informed 
 pays the States, by the Tenth Fifli, eight 
 hundred thoufand Pounds a Year. Sterling ; con- 
 fequently their Subjects make pf it eight 
 Millions yearly, and for this they pay us 
 no Acknowledgment, tho' they agreed to 
 pay to former Kings of England one hund- 
 red thoufand Pounds a Year for this Privi- 
 lege. As to other Branches of Trade let the 
 Merchants be alked How ours have fallen 
 while the Dutch rofe on its Ruins ? They are 
 tjie moft immediately concerned, and the 
 bell able to inform us, tho' the Nation in 
 general are made feverely fenfible of the Dif- 
 ference. 
 
 King William died on the Eighth of March, 
 and the Princefs Ann of Denmark , was im- 
 mediately proclaimed Queen, who foon after, 
 by her Envoy at the Hague - ? recovered the 
 Dutch from the Confternaticn they were 
 flruck with at the News of their having loft 
 fo powerful a Protector of, and Friend to, Hol- 
 land, the Intereft of which he fteadily pur- 
 
 * Hiftoire Metallique. 
 
 P 3 fued.
 
 234 . -The LIFE of the 
 
 fued. The Queen protnifed, thereto excited 
 by Addreffes from both R- .ifes, to adhere tq 
 the Alliances entered into by tlie late King, 
 and to continue the Frien'lfhip exifting. 
 
 King William had, in Holland, formed a 
 Scheme to reduce the exorbitant Power of 
 France, and to that End entered into Alli- 
 ances, of which it is foreign to my Purpofe 
 to treat. I (hall only obferve that one of his 
 Majefty's.Defigns was to befiege Cadiz, by Sea 
 and Land j and ? that on this he had consulted 
 the Duke of Ormonde and the Prince d* Arm- 
 Jladt -, the latter had aflured his Majefty, that 
 the Amirante of Caftik, and feveral other 
 Grandees of Spain, with all their Dependents, 
 would declare for the Houfe of Auflria. For 
 the Execution of this Scheme his Majefty con- 
 fiding in the Courage and Conduct of the Duke 
 of Ormonde, made Choice of his Grace. 
 
 I will not fay the Succefs of this Enterprize 
 was very doubtful, but I think fo very improba- 
 ble, that few, however fanguine, could hope it; 
 which made many of his Friends, when he 
 was actually engaged in that Service, fear both 
 for his Perfon and Reputation, knowing he 
 would have too little Care of the former to. 
 fupport the latter ; and doubt whether his 
 Designation, by King William, was to do him 
 Honour. 
 
 Among the firft promoted by her Majefty, 
 after her AccerBon, was the Duke of Ormonde, 
 whom me declared Commander in Chief of 
 all her Majefty's Land-Forces to be employ- 
 ed on board the Fleet.
 
 Duke <?/* ORMONDE. 235 
 
 '* ~ 
 
 The War with France, having been refolv- 
 cd upon in the foregoing Reign, the Manner 
 that the Englijb Ihouid carry it on was de- 
 bated in Council, Whether we ought, by 
 furnifhing our Quota of Troops to the 
 Dutch, leaving them to the Defence of their 
 own Country, employ our Naval Force, 
 and carry on the War by Sea, which the Earls 
 of Nottingham and Rochefter infifted was our 
 Intereft, as dear bought Experience has prov- 
 ed ; or whether, we fhould carry on the War 
 chiefly in Flanders? Which latter Opinion, 
 tho' evidently the worfe, prevailed, and pri- 
 vate Intereft triumph'd over that of the Pub- 
 lick, tho' fupported by much the lefs cogent 
 Arguments. 
 
 The War was declared on the 1702. 
 Fourth of May, and on the Twen- 
 ty-firn:, Sir George Rooke was declared, by her 
 Majefty, Vice-Admiral of England. He was 
 deiigned to command the Fleet on the Expe- 
 dition againft Cadiz , projected by King /^7/- 
 liam, as I have already fhewn, and now, Pre- 
 parations being made, de f ermined to be put 
 in Execution ; in order to which, on the 
 Twentieth of April, the Queen appointed his 
 Grace the Duke of Ormonde, Commander in 
 Chief of her Land-Forces, to be employed a- 
 board her Fleet, as I have already faid. On 
 the Thirtieth of May, Sir George Rook, on 
 board the Royal Sovereign, having the Union 
 Flag at the Main-top-Mdft Head, came to 
 Spithead, together with Sir Chudejley Shovel, 
 P 4 oo
 
 236 The LIFE of the 
 
 board the Queen^ and the great Ships that lay 
 at the Nore $ at the fame Time, Rear Admi- 
 ral Fairbone^ arrived there from Ireland^ with 
 a Squadron of Men of War under his Com- 
 mand, haying on board four Regiments of 
 Foot, who were to make Part of the Land- 
 Forces. On the inrft of June, the Duke of 
 Ormonde -, Sir Henry Belafis, and Admiral 
 Churchill^ arrived at Pcrtfmouth arid the 
 next Day his Royal Highnefs Prince George, 
 fat out for that Sea-Port, in order to take a 
 View of her Majefty's Fleet, and of the For- 
 ces that were to ferve oh board, which 
 lay encamped in the Ifle of Wight. The fame 
 Day the Queen went from "St. James's to 
 Windfor. 
 
 On the Second of June, at Night, Prince 
 George of Denmark arrived at Portsmouth, 
 where he was received both by the Magifriates 
 and the Governor of that Place, with all the 
 Honour and RefpecT: due to his royal Birth, 
 his^high Station, and as the dear Conlbrt of her 
 Majefly. The next Day his Royal Highnefs 
 went tp the Me of Wight, reviewed the For- 
 ces encampec there, which he found in very 
 good Order, (particularly the new raifed Re- 
 giments oFthe'Lo'rd'&kreow, 'and Colonel Fox, 
 who performed their Exercife incomparably 
 well) and fignalized his Prefence amongfl 
 them by a particular Aft of Mercy, being 
 pleafed to grant his Pardon, as Generaliffimo, 
 to three Deferters, who lay under Sentence of 
 Death," * The" Dutch Forces on board the 
 
 Dutch
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 237 
 
 Dutch Squadron, were, at the fame Time, 
 reviewed by his Royal Highnefs, who, on the 
 Fourth, took a View of the whole Fleet, and 
 honoured Sir George Rook with his Prefence at 
 Dinner, on board the Royal Sovereign. On 
 the Fifth he reviewed the Dock and Har- 
 bour, and the next Day returned to London, 
 where the Queen was arrived the Night be- 
 fore from Windfor. 
 
 The Twenty-fourth of June her Majefty 
 appointed the Duke of Ormonde Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of the County of Somerfef. 
 
 On the Firft of July, the Duke of Or- 
 monde, who was on board her Majefty's Ship 
 the Rane/agb, fet Sail with the Fleet, con- 
 lifting of one hundred and fixty Ships under 
 the Command of Sir George Rook. On the 
 Eighth, the Fleet put into 'forbtty, having 
 met with contrary Winds ; on the Sixteenth, 
 he was joined by a Fleet of Tranfports, and 
 their Convoy ; on the Seventeenth a Court- 
 Martial was held, by which Lieutenant Har- 
 ris, of Colonel Fox's Regiment, was found 
 guilty of Mutiny, and received Sentence ac- 
 cordingly j on the Eighteenth, the Duke of 
 Ormond lent a Warrant to the Keeper of 
 'Dartmouth Jail, for the fecuring Captain 
 Newcy till her Majefty's Pleafure was known ; 
 his Crime was, uttering fcandalous Words a- 
 gainft the Government. His Grace the Duke 
 of Ormonde went on Shore, and reviewed the 
 Officer?, and whatever belonged to the Train 
 of Artillery j on the Twenty-fir ft the Duke 
 
 of
 
 The LIFE of the 
 
 of Ormonde went again on Shore to fee 3 
 Mortai tried ; at Ten at Night the Fleet was 
 iinder Sail. On the Seventh of Augujl, the 
 Duke of Ormonde, difpatched the Ifabella 
 Yacht, to Lijbon> in order to^et Intelligence, 
 On the Eighth, the whole Fleet made the Rock 
 of Lijbon. On the Tenth, the Adventure, 
 Leoftojf, and Lime joined the Fleet again, on 
 board the firft of which, was the Prince of 
 Heffe dArmftadt, and in the LcoJIoff, Mr. 
 Methuerfs Son j the Lime informed them that 
 ihe had left the Ijabella Yatch, which wa 
 gone up the River to Lijbon y from whence 
 they expected Advice by her. 
 
 A Council of War both of the Land and Sea 
 OfficerSjbeing called on the Eleventh,that Night 
 a Detachment of Grenadiers were put on board 
 two or three Frigates, to be fet on Shore, near 
 Rcta, on a Difcovery. Next Day, in the 
 Morning, the Cruifers brought into the Fleet 
 three Tartans, which they had taken ; and 
 the Ifabella Yatch returned from Lifton^ wit}; 
 Advice, that there were in that Harbour fix 
 French Men of War, and four Gallics, who 
 aiked the Governor leave to fink her Ma- 
 jtfty's Ships the Adventure and Leoftoff^ but 
 were anfwered, that as the JLnghfi were not 
 their Enemies they were obliged to protect 
 them, being under their Canon j and that at 
 the Approach of the Fleet, they fired two 
 Guns from each Fort to give Notice to the 
 Court. The fame Morning Sir George Rook 
 made his Signal to draw up in a Line of Bat- 
 tle }
 
 Duh of ORMONDE. 239 
 
 tie ; after which he fleered away for Cadiz, 
 which by Noon he had E by N, about fix 
 Leagues diftant. About five in the Afternoon 
 the Fleet anchored in the Bay of Bulk, in 
 twelve Fathom Water, about two Leagues 
 from Cadiz j Rota bearing N by E, and Ca- 
 diz E N E, and, at the fame Time, they faw 
 the Granadoes, Wind from the W N W, to the 
 N E, with pleafant Weather. There was in 
 the Bay, at Anchor, a Genoefe Ship, whofe 
 Commander came aboard the E?iglijh Gene- 
 ral, and his Grace alfo examined the Mailers 
 of the tartans ; that Night three of the 
 Triumph's boats Crew were killed, and three 
 more wounded by a Spanijh Boat whom they 
 attempted to Board. 
 
 On the thirteenth an Hour before Day, his 
 Grace fent Sr. Thomas Smith, Quarter-Matter 
 general, with Col. Carles, chief of the En- 
 gineers, Monfieur Nibolt an Engineer, and 
 Lieut. Cows of the Ranclagh to view the back- 
 fide of the Ifland of Lyons, to found the Shoar, 
 and find out the moft convenient Place to 
 make a Defcent, between the Ifland of St. 
 Piedro, and St. Cadiz. Sir Thomas Smith was 
 in the twelve oar'd Boat, attended by the Ifn- 
 bella Yatcht and two Frigates he found at his 
 Arrival near the Ifland two hundred Spa- 
 nifb Horfe, who marched along the Shoar as 
 he rowed by ; and Multitudes of Men, Wo- 
 men, and Children leaving the City of Ca-> 
 diz in great Conflernation. Both the Town 
 and Battery fired feveral Shot at the Englifo 
 
 but
 
 240 The LIFE of the 
 
 but without hurting any Body, at his Return 
 about three in the Afternoon, Sir 'Thomas gave 
 his Grace an Account that there was one large 
 and two little Bays very proper to make a Def- 
 cent. 
 
 In the Morning a Council of War of ge- 
 neral Sea and Land Officers was held, on 
 Board the Royal Sovereign, wherein his Grace 
 the Duke of Ormond was of Opinion to land 
 immediately in the Ifland of Lyons, the better 
 to take an Advantage of the Fright and Dif- 
 order into which the fudden Arrival of the 
 confederate Fleet had caft the City of Cadiz. 
 But upon a Reconfideration of Sr. George Rook's 
 Instructions, the Advices and Intelligences they 
 had from Mr. Methuen and the Prince of 
 HeJJe D. Armfladt, and the concurring Infor- 
 mations they had received from feveral Fifh- 
 ermen, taken on th e Coaft, from which it might 
 be reafonable to conclude that the Enemy 
 had about four thoufand difciplined Troops 
 in the Town of Cadiz beftde Burghers, and 
 one hundred Horfe of Old Troops, beiides 
 the Militia for the Guard of the Coaft ; and 
 in regard the Fleet could give no other Affif- 
 tance to the Difembarkment, then covering 
 the Forces, in their Landing, and Bombar- 
 ding the Town j and the Impoflibility of fup- 
 plying the Forces from the Fleet, in blowing 
 Weather, it was judged impracticable to at- 
 tempt the Ifland of Cadiz immediately in 
 
 * Mr. Metbuen's Letter. 
 
 thefe
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 241 
 
 thefe Circumflances: But in Confideration that 
 the taking the Fort St. Catalina, and Port St. 
 Maria, might facilitate the Accefs of the 
 Fleet into the Harbour, and their annoying 
 the Town with our Bombs ; getting of better 
 Intelligence of their Condition j fupplying the 
 Fleet with Water, which they began to be 
 in want of; and trying the Affections and In- 
 clinations of the People of the Country to the 
 Houfe of Aujlrla ; it was refolved to land the 
 Forces in the Bay of Bulls in order to reduce 
 the forefaid Fort and Town, and upon the Suc- 
 cefs of this Attempt it might be coniidered 
 what was farther to be done in Profecution of 
 her Majefty's Inftructions and that his Grace 
 the Duke of Ormond, mould fend a Summons 
 to furrender to the Houfe of Atiftria. 
 
 The fame Day theDuke of 'Ormond's Pardon, 
 was fent to Lieut. Harris, who lay under Sen- 
 tence of Death, and his Grace did likewife or- 
 der, that the two Diferters of the Earl of Do- 
 negal's Regiment: mould be no farther profe- 
 cuted. 
 
 At three a Clock in the Afternoon a Boat 
 was fent to Cadiz with a Flag of Truce and 
 ibrne Declarations ; and his Grace the Duke of 
 Ormond wrote a Letter to the Govcrnour of 
 that Place, with whom he had been acquaint 
 ted in the late Wars in Flanders, to invite him 
 tofurrender. The Governour return'd a civil 
 Anfwer, lignifying that he was much obliged 
 tohis Grace for his good Opinion .of him, and 
 his Services in Flanders, and hoped he fhould 
 'do nothing to forfeit the fame, nor againft the 
 
 Trull
 
 242 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 Trufl the King his Mafter had repo- 
 fed in him. Upon this Anfwer prepara- 
 tions were made for a Defcent. At five the 
 Fleet came to an Anchor in ten fathom Wa- 
 ter, Rota bearing N by E, and St. Sebaftian 
 S E by S about three Miles off Shore, that E- 
 vening Sir George Rooke, made a Signal for a 
 general Council of War, and on the fourtenth 
 In the Morning, a Signal for the Flag Officers 
 only. On the fifteenth the Forces began to 
 land, the follow Inftructions having been gi- 
 ven by the General for the Defcent. 
 
 i . That the feveral Companies of Grenadi- 
 ers, fhould rendezvous in the Boats, that 
 fhould be appointed for them at Break of Day 
 the fifteenth of Auguft at the Head of the 
 Ranelagh, where they mould receive farther 
 Orders from Brigadier Palandt, and the Lord 
 Donegal, who were appointed to command 
 them. 2. That the Grenadiers mould be 
 fuftained by die Guards, Bellafs y Seymour, 
 Churchill, and Terry's Regiments who were 
 commanded by Sir Henry Bellajis, Lord 
 Pcrtmore y Baron Sparr, and Brigadier Ma~ 
 tbews. 3. That the Mafters of the Tranf- 
 ports fhould give two full Days Proviiion of 
 Bread, Cheeie, and Beer, for each Man. 
 4. That a Surgeon with Medicines be taken 
 with each Battalion. 5. That an Officer of 
 the Artillery, be at the Rear of each Regiment 
 with twenty Cbevaux de Frifa, where the 
 Quarter-Matter of that Regiment muft be 
 ready to receive them, and the fame for the 
 
 Grenadiers
 
 Duke of ORMONDE." 243 
 
 Grenadiers. 6. That no Drum beat or Co- 
 lours fly, but in the Boat of the general Offi- 
 cer, who commands the Line, and when the 
 Drum beats, the Line (hall row, and when 
 it ceafed lie upon their Oars. 7. That no Soldier 
 fire upon Pain of Death, while he was in the 
 Boat, nor unfhoulder his Mufket, when landed^ 
 that none mould ftir out of his Rank upon 
 Pain of Death. 9. That the firft Line fhouid 
 be at the Head of the Ranelagh at fartheft by 
 Break of Day. 10. Thatasfoon as the, fecond 
 Line connfting of the Regiments of Columbine^ 
 Hara, Earl, Hamilton, Fox, and two Batta- 
 lions of Swan/belt, mould be in the Boats,? 
 they mould immediately parade at the Ifa- 
 bella Yacht, which mould be at the Head of 
 all the Tranfports next the Shore, and there 
 receive the Orders of Sir Charles Hara, and 
 Brigadier Hamilton : And kftly, That the third 
 Line, confuting of the Regiments of the Lord 
 Donegal, Charlemont, Shanon, and two Bat- 
 talions of St. Amand's, and the Pioniers mould 
 parade at the fame Place, and there receive 
 Orders from Brigadier Lloyd, in the Abfence 
 of Brigadier Seymour. 
 
 This Difpofition for the Defcent being a- 
 greed on, twelve hundred Grenadiers order- 
 ed to land firft, about Four in the Morning ail 
 the Boats in the Fleet, were employed to haul 
 them into, the reft of the Forces, which 
 rendezvouled together in the Boats, near die 
 Shore, and which were placed in order by his 
 Grace the Duke of Ormonde, who was then 
 
 ia
 
 244 ?fo LIFE of 
 
 in his Barge on the Right, with the EngliJfJ 
 Flag ; and Baron Sparr in his, with the Em- 
 peror's. The Grenadiers led the Van, and 
 landed in the Bay of Bulls, between Rota 
 and St. Catherine's Fort, in Jfndalujia, tho* 
 with much Difficulty, the Wind being fo 
 boifterous, and the Sea fo fwoln that near 
 thirty Boats were overfet, and feveral Men 
 drowned ; many of the Infantry being oblig- 
 ed to fwim on Shore, and others to wade up 
 to the Neck. No fooner were about eighty 
 Grenadiers, commanded by Colonel Pierce^ 
 landed, but they were brifkly charged Sword- 
 in-Hand, by a Spanifo General Officer, at 
 the Head of a Handful of refolute Troopers 
 who were fo warmly received, by the Engiijf^ 
 that the former foon retreated ; leaving their 
 Commander, with five of his Men dead on 
 the Place, and feveral Horfes , befides a 
 Captain and Cornet who were wounded and 
 taken Prifoners : The Englijh having had on- 
 ly one Man wounded in the Skirmim, which 
 Succefs favoured the Landing of the Reft of 
 the Forces. 
 
 The Spaniards had near the Waterfide a 
 Battery of four Guns, from which they fired 
 with little Succefs, and which they quirted 
 at the Approach of the Dutch ; difmounting 
 the Guns, and nailing them up : But they 
 were more troublefome from St. Catherine's 
 Fort, whofe Canon killed two and wounded 
 three of the Confederates. Notwithstanding, 
 her Majefty's Ship the Lenox, Captain Jum- 
 per*
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 245 
 
 pfr; Commander, and another Frigate, fired 
 briikly againfl it all the while. 
 
 The Forces being landed, and the Dutch 
 having made themfclves Matters of the Ene-: 
 my's Battery ; Baron Sparr difpatched an Aid 
 de Camp to the Duke of Ormond, to tell his 
 Grace, that if he would fend him a Rein- 
 forcement of 200 Men, he would go and 
 make himfelf Matter of Rota. The Duke 
 not thinking fuch a Number fufficient to take 
 that Place, which he rightly judged to be of 
 the latt Importance, to fecure his Retreat j his 
 Grace directed Baron Sparr to march on to- 
 wards it, and acquainted him that he would 
 follow with the reft of the Army. Accord- 
 ingly both the Englijh and Dutch march'd 
 that Eveniag and lay all Night on their Arms 
 (as did the Duke of Qrmond on the Ground)' 
 about two Miles fliort of the Town. At the 
 Place where they halted, a Grenadier of the 
 Guards, who had killed that Morning the 
 Spanifh Commander, being admitted to the 
 Duke's Prefence while he was at Supper, pre- 
 fentcd his Grace with the Ring, which the 
 Spaniard wore on his Finder ; but his Grace 
 having looked upon it, not only returned it ta 
 the Soldier, and bad him keep it, but pulling^ 
 fume Pieces of Gold out of his Pocket, gave 
 them him as a farther Encouragement. The 
 next Day the Forces continued their March ; 
 but before they reached Rota the Akade^ or 
 chief Magiftrate of that Place, accompanied 
 wkh feme other being come to furrender it, 
 
 100
 
 The LIFE of the 
 
 100 Grenadiers were detached to take Poftef- 
 lion ; and his Grace having chofen his Quar- 
 ters in the Caftle, the Army encamped before 
 the Town. 
 
 His Grace on his firfl coming on the Spa- 
 ui/tj Coaft, publifh'd a Declaration, dated 
 Augujl 21, A T . S. letting forth that her Majefty 
 the Queen of Great Britain^ having been 
 plcafed to give him the Command of the 
 Forces which her Majefty had joined with 
 thofe of the States-General, for aflerting the 
 Rights of the Houfe of Auflria, in purfuance 
 of their Treaties of Alliance, with the Empe- 
 ror, his Grace judged it neceflary, before he- 
 made ufe of the laid Forces, to declare that 
 he did not come thither to poifrfs himfelf of 
 any Place of the Spanijh Monarchy in the 
 Name of her Majefty,' ci- the States General of 
 the United Provinces^ or to introduce therein' 
 the uliial Troubles and Calamities of War bv 
 way of Conqueft j but rather to defend the 
 good and loyal Subjects of the faid Monarchy, 
 and to free them from the infupportable Sla- 
 very, to which they were brought by being 
 ibid to France by fome difa fleeted Perfons ; 
 wherefore the Deiign of her Majefty and the 
 States General, being only to affert the Rights 
 of the Houfe of Auftria, his Grace declared, 
 that all good Spaniards who mould not oppofc 
 his Forces mould be protected, in their Per- 
 fons, Eftates, Privileges, Religion, &c. but if 
 contrary to Expectation, they did not concur 
 with her Majefty's and the States good In- 
 tentions,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 247 
 
 tentions, his Grace took God to witnefs, that 
 then the Hostilities committed by the Troops 
 under his Command, muft be lain on the 
 Spaniards themfelyes, who having ib fair art 
 Opportunity to fhew their Loyalty, and fol- 
 low the Motives of their Obligations and In- 
 terefr, refufed to embrace it. 
 
 The Prince of Heffe A Armjladt did alfd 
 publim a Declaration in the Emperor's Name, 
 and fent it to Cadiz and feveral other Places, 
 to be diftributed among the People, cauling 
 at the lame Time the imperial Standard to 
 be fet up. On the other hand, the Duke of 
 Ormond fent a Letter to Port St. Mar^s, whole 
 Governor return'd a rude and unbecoming An- 
 fwer in a Paper unfca-l'd, and. no Name fub- 
 fcrib'd, in thefe Words in Spanijb- Ncsotros Ef- 
 panoles no Mudamos de Rcligicn^ hi de Rcy ; that 
 is, We Spaniards neither cbange our Religion nor 
 King. Another Paffagc worth Remark hap- 
 pened at Rota : There was an Iriftman fet-. 
 tied in that Place, who in King James's Reign 
 had been either a Factor or Conful for the 
 F^iglifl} ; this Man under Pretence of Friend- 
 fhip to his Countrymen, entertained feveral 
 inferior Officers, &c. at his Houfe j but being 
 a ftrong Papift, and defirous to fee this Expe- 
 dition rnifcarry, he at the fume Time endea- 
 voured to terrify them, by afcting that the' 
 Spaniards would foon fall upon them with 
 40,000 Men. The Duke of Qrmond being 
 informed of thcfc eiangerous Inhnuations, 
 caufed him immediately to be taken up, and 
 
 fent
 
 248 He LIFE of the 
 
 fent on board his own Ship the Ranelagh, nor 
 would his Grace give Admittance to two fair 
 Virgins, the Irijbman's DEughters, who with 
 Tears in their Eyes came to beg their Father's 
 Releafe, left their Beauty fhould tempt him 
 to break his own Orders, which were, that 
 he mould remain in Cuftody till the Fleet 
 departed. 
 
 The Duke having ftaid at Rota till the 2oth i: 
 and by this Time the Dragoons and Train 
 Horfes, with four Field Pieces, two Battering 
 Pieces, four Mortars, and the Ammunition 
 being landed, his Grace left there a Garrifon 
 of 300 Men, under the Command of Colonel 
 Newton ; and having ordered the Colonels of 
 the respective Regiments to acquaint their Men 
 that the Provofi Marfhal would be fent out 
 to hang all fuch as (liquid be found to ma- 
 raude from the Army, or plunder either in 
 March or in Camp ; in the Evening he himfelf 
 marched with the Army towards Port St. Ma- 
 ry. About 1 1 at Night a Party of Spanijh 
 Horfe, who lay in Ambufcade at a-Pafs, fired 
 brifkly on the Confederates advanced Guard, 
 but without doing them any Damage, except 
 killing Colonel Gore's Horfe under him. Upon 5 
 the Grenadier's advancing, the Spaniards quit- 
 ted their Poft, and the Army lay OR their 
 Arms at the Pafs till the Morning, and then 
 marched forward, though with incredible 
 Difficulty, by reafon of the immenfe and 
 fcorching Heat cf the Sun, and the Want of 
 Provifions. Some Squadrons tifSjpartijjb Horfe, 
 
 confift-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 249 
 
 confifting of about 600 Men, made a faint 
 Shew of oppofing their March ; but as the 
 Confederates advanced the others retreated, 
 till the firft arrived at Port St. Mary, which 
 they found deferted by the major Part of the 
 Inhabitants j there were indeed about 200 Sol- 
 diers, who betook themfelves to a ftrong 
 Houie, and flood to their Arms till the Eng- 
 li/h drew up, de.figning to fet Fire to it and 
 give no Quarter ; which the Spaniards per- 
 ceiving furrendered themfelves Prifoners at 
 Difcretion ; and fome others who endeavour- 
 ing to efcape over the River in Boats, were 
 {hot in landing. 
 
 While the Land Forces were marching to 
 Port St. Mary, a Council of War of Flag- 
 Officers was held on board the Liberty, where- 
 in were prefent Vice- Admiral Hopfon, Rear- 
 Admiral Graydon, Capt. Leigh, Lieutenant- 
 Admiral Alkmond, Admiral .Callenburgb, Vice- 
 Admiral VandergwSs and Vice- Admiral Pie- 
 terfon. In this Council, upon a farther Conli- 
 deraticn, how the Bombardment of Cadiz, 
 puriuant to the laft Resolution of the Council 
 ^Flag-Officers of the i5th of that Month, 
 might be mofl effectually put in Execution ; 
 it was agreed and refolved that a Squadron' of 
 10 Englifo and 6 Dutch Ships pf War, with 
 imall Frigates, Fire-fhips and Bomb-Veflels in 
 the Fleet mould be appointed to perform this 
 Service, as foon as Fort Catalina was taken j 
 but if the Wind fliould then prove Eaflerly, 
 to prevent the faid Squadrons getting into the 
 
 Bay,
 
 he LIFE of the 
 
 Bay, it was refolved to bombard the Towny 
 on the Side lying between the Pcrtugueze an4 
 Sf. SebMan'. It was aifo agreed that if the 
 Duke of Qrmo'id mould think it better for the 
 Service to ibrbear bombarding Cadiz, till the 
 Army w..is inarched on Port Royal Side, that 
 the fame ihould be obferved accordingly. 
 
 On the 22d of Aug. a Summons was fent to 
 the Garrifon of*?/. Katharine's Fort, to which 
 the Commander made Anfwer, that he would 
 defend his Poft to the laft Drop of his Blood, 
 and would caufe the firfl Englifiman that 
 Should fall into his Hands to be hanged ; but 
 notwithftanding this Rodomontade, upon the 
 Approach of a Detachment from the Confede- 
 rate Army, with two Field Pieces, he made 
 his Efcape in a Boat, and committed the De- 
 fence of the Fort to an Enfign, who being 
 given to underfland that if he did not imme- 
 diately furrender he muft expect no Quarter, 
 confented to be made Prifoncr of War and 40 
 of his Men. 
 
 Though before the Army had reach'd Port 
 St. Mary, the Duke of Ormond had given 
 itric~t Orders a'gainft plundering, yet it was not 
 in the Power of the Officers to contain their 
 famiihed and thirfty Soldiers from forcing 
 open the Houfes, where 'they expected to 
 find Refreshment ; nor 'was it long before 
 they found out Cellars plentifully ftored with 
 rich and flrbng Wines, where they quaffed 
 and carouzed all the firft Night. The next 
 Day their Licentioufhefs being heightned.by 
 ! . the
 
 Duke <?/" ORMONDE. 251 
 
 the Fumes of the Liquor, they proceeded to 
 rifle and pillage the Houfes in a mofl out- 
 rageous Manner j not contenting themfelves to 
 take Moveables, but breaking and fpoiling 
 what they could not carry away. Now be- 
 caufe this Booty had been of no Ufe to them, 
 unlefs they could fecure it on board the Fleet, 
 they called the Seamen to their Affiftance, 
 who from Seconds, immediately became Prin- 
 cipals, and pillaged whatever they could lay 
 Hands on, with more Eagernefs than the 
 others. Nor did the Plundering flop here - y 
 for the Officers of the Army themfelves thought, 
 it Prudence to fhare the Sweetnefs and Profit 
 of a Mifdemeanor, which they could not hin- 
 ver 5 nay, fome went fo far as to think them- 
 felves intitled by their eminent Stations, to 
 engrofs the greater!: Part of the Booty ; for 
 which Purpofe they let Guards on the Ave- 
 nues of Port St. Mary, and ftopt all the meaner 
 Sort that were carrying Goods to the Fleet, 
 with which they flored their own Magazines, 
 and which they afterwards retailed for ready 
 Money. Some Churches fared no better than 
 private Houics, being defpoiled of their Plate 
 and mofl: precious Ornaments ; nay, 'tis fuid 
 that they abilain'd not from Rapes, and that 
 fome Nuns were ravifh'd in their Cloyfter, 
 with which when the Duke of Ormond was 
 acquainted (for he- was not yet come to Port 
 St. Mary) he ordered Sir Henry Bella/is and 
 Sir Charles Hara t who commanded the Troops 
 Q 4 which
 
 The LIFE of the 
 
 which took Pofleffion of the Place, to be put 
 junder Arrcil. 
 
 The Damage done to this City (one of the 
 beft built, beft furnimed, and wtalthieft in 
 all Spain) was modeflly computed at three 
 Millions Sterling ; though the Confederates 
 were not one third Part of that Sum the bet- 
 ter. Thefe Hoftilities fo enraged the Spa- 
 niards, that many who before defigned, now 
 declined to join the Confederates, and his 
 Grace the Duke oZOrmond fo highly refented 
 the Breach of his Commands, that it's not 
 furprizing Sir Henry Bcllafys and Sir Charles 
 Hara were put under Arreft. 
 
 On tfye 24th of ^ugujl a Council of War 
 of Sea and Lund Officers was held at port 
 St. Katberine, wherein were prefent his Grace 
 the Duke of Or mend, Sir Henry ' Bellafys, Ba- 
 ron 'Spar i Sir Claries Hara, Brigadier Pa- 
 fants, Brigadier Maibews, Brigadier Seymour, 
 Lieutenant-Admiral AUamond, Admiral Cal- 
 lemburgh, Vice- Admiral Hopfon^ Vice- Admiral 
 Vandergoes^ Vice- Admiral Picierfoh\ Sir Staf- 
 ford Fairborn, Rear-Admiral Graydon^ and 
 "Capt. Legg. In this Council, upon Confi- 
 deration, that purfuant to the laft Council of 
 General Officers of the ijth Inftant, Fort Sta 
 Cataline and Port Sta Maria were reduced, 
 which gave a Pa flags to the Fleets going on 
 to the Bay of Cadiz, and an Opportunity of 
 watering in the Bay of Bulls with more Eaic 
 and Security ; as alfo to what was farther to 
 be done towards reducing the Town of Cadiz, 
 
 it
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 253 
 
 it was resolved, that if the Army could take 
 the Matagorda, that then a Frigate or two 
 mould be fent in to pafs the Puntah ; and if 
 they found that Channel clear, that more 
 Ships be ordered in to dcftroy the French 
 Ships and Galleys ; upon which Refolution the 
 Rear-Admirals, Fairborn, Wafenair and Gray- 
 don, were ordered to fee, if it was practicable 
 to tranfport the Troops from the River of Port 
 St. Mary, to the Neck of Lind that goes 
 to Matagorda. Purfuant to this Order the 
 three fore-mentioned Rear-Admirals, went 
 that Afternoon in their Boats to make their 
 Obfervations of the Shore along towards Ma- 
 tagorda^ and being returned, acquainted his 
 Grace by Letter, that by the Shallownefs of 
 the Water they found it not practicable for 
 their Ships to cover any Defcent made that 
 Way by the Army, there being above a Mile 
 by Foot at low Water ; that it was all a- 
 long a hard Sand ; and that the Engineers 
 were of Opinion that the Cannon , could not 
 be got out there. 
 
 The nest Morning they went a fecond 
 Time to view the River Xeres, it being pretty 
 near High Water j and then fent his Grace an 
 Account that they were in the Mouth of the 
 River where they had ] o Foot Water, that 
 this Pviver was navigable for all their Boats, 
 and as far as they could fee they reckoned it 
 about a Quarter of a Mile broad, that the 
 Shore on the Side of Matagorda appeared to 
 be a hard Sand, and the Bank a deep Covert 
 
 enough
 
 7Z* LIFE of the 
 
 enough for the Foot j but they could not ice 
 how far the Banks reached on that Side to- 
 wards the Ships of the Enemy, the Land 
 feeming too narrow in that Part j ib that they 
 reckoned themfelves not much out of the Shot 
 of the Guns from the Ships that lay in Port 
 Royal Creek. That it ought to be confidered 
 that if the Wind blows wefterly, there runs 
 too great a Sea to Land ; and with the Wind 
 eafterly all that Day, Boats laden with Men 
 cannot row to Windward, fo that they muft 
 wait for fair Weather or a Calm, concluding 
 that Monfieur Cades had been along with 
 them and was gone again with a Mafter of 
 Mines to obferve a little better the Situation 
 of the Caftles, and would make his Report to 
 his Grace. 
 
 The Garrifon of Cadiz having by this Time 
 recovered their Alarms, and funk three Gal- 
 leons at the Entrance of their Harbour, called 
 the Puntah, to prevent the Confederate Fleet 
 going into it, and the Marquis de Villadarias, 
 Governor of Andalufia^ having vallly increaftd 
 his Army, and often drawing up between 
 Xeres and Port St. Mary, the Duke tfOrmond 
 march'd with the Forces out of the latter Place 
 on the 2jth, and encamped at Sanffa Vicio- 
 ria y where his Grace took up his Quarters in a 
 Cloyftsr, and the next Day caufed his De- 
 claration to be folemnly read through the 
 Town at the Head of every Regiment, where- 
 by he forbid plundering upon Pain of Death. 
 
 On the ayth a Letter was lent by Sir Staf- 
 ford
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 255 
 
 ford Fair born to the Duke of Qrmond, ac- 
 quainting his Grace that AdmirdAilamond de- 
 iii ed a Council of War at Fort Santa Catalina 
 of Sea and Land Officers, to which his Grace 
 immediately agreed. After many Debates it 
 was refolved at laft to go upon the former Re- 
 Iblution of the Council of War, and endeavour 
 to take the Matagcrda ; and in order to it fix 
 Long Boats, and three Pinnaces for the In- 
 fantry, and two Field Pieces, were directed 
 to march with Baron Sparr y with three Long 
 Boats to pafs the two Field Pieces, and 14 
 Korfes to draw them; and that the Boats 
 mentioned, be early next Morning ready to 
 come to Port St. Mary. 
 
 Accordingly on the 28th of Auguft Baron 
 Sparr, with a Detachment of 2400 Men, 
 Englijh and Dutch, marched againft the Ma- 
 tagcrda j and his Grace difpatched his Letters 
 from Santa ViSioria by the Dunivick, both to 
 his Royal Highnefs and the Earl of Nottingham, 
 wherein he gave them an Account of his Pro- 
 ceedings ; and amongfl other Things acquaint- 
 ed the latter, that his Grace was for landing 
 on the Backiide of the Ifland of Cadiz^ and 
 that now fome of the Sea Officers thought that 
 he was not in the wrong; that he was furc 
 there was no Likelihood of getting into the 
 Ifland any other Way ; the Weather being fo 
 violent hot, that he could not march for want 
 of Horfes and Carriages to cafe the Officers 
 and Soldiers who had no Way of carrying 
 their Provisions but upon their Backs. That 
 
 the
 
 256 Tbe LIFE of the 
 
 the Enemy had about 700 Horfe, and kept 
 within lefs than half a Mile of the Confede- 
 rates advanced Guards, who when they tried 
 to^attack them, immediately retired, and it 
 being an open Country there was no com- 
 ing at them with Foot ; that two Pieces of 
 heavy Cannon, with Ammunition propor- 
 tionable, -was all that he could march with at 
 a Time ; that he did not fee his Declarations 
 Jid the Confederates any Good : Some of the 
 poor People that receiv'd them having been 
 hang'd for delivering them, and the General 
 of the Coaft having fet out a Proclamation to 
 forbid any Spaniard to have Communica- 
 tion with the Confederates upon Pain of Death, 
 ib that all the Towns the Land Forces came 
 to were abandoned, which was of very ill 
 Confequence j for the Soldiers finding the 
 Houfes furnifhed, and Wines in the Cellar , 
 committed Diforders that could not be pre- 
 vented. 
 
 The fame Day the Duke of Ormond receiv'd 
 2 Letter from Admiral Hopjln, importing, 
 that Sir George Rook (having that Morning re- 
 ceiv'd a Letter from Sir Stafford Fairborn] had 
 commanded him (Admiral Hopfon) to give his 
 Grace his Opinion that the taking of Mata- 
 gorda Fort would not at all facilitate their En- 
 trance into \he-Puatak with their Ships; in 
 regard they mud have both Sides clear, and a 
 considerable Time to work away the funken 
 Ships, and other Impediments the Enemy had 
 lain in their Way > neither would it, in his 
 
 Opinion,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 257 
 
 Opinion, contribute any Thing to the main 
 Service of reducing the Town which nothing, 
 fee thought, could bring to a Period, but the 
 landing a confiderable Part of the Forces hi 
 the Ifland, to keep thofe in the Town, who 
 with the Fright of a Bombardment, would 
 defert it - 3 and whofe Clamours joined with the 
 Power of thofe who might be affected to the 
 Confederates Caufe, might poffibly oblige the 
 Governor to a Capitulation j though if the ill 
 Treatment of their Friends and the plundering 
 the Effects at Port St. Mary's contrary to his 
 Grace's Declaration, and all Faith and Juftice, 
 had reached their Ears, his Grace mud expect 
 they would all join as one Man, and oppofe 
 every Attempt that fhould be made upon them 
 by his Grace or the Fleet. 
 
 In anfwer to this Letter, the Duke of Or- 
 mmd wrote to Sir George Rook, that his 1 Opi- 
 nion was, that the reft of the Army mould 
 march to endeavour to pofTefs themfelves of 
 the Matagorda, and from thence to Sf. Pedro^ 
 where his Grace defign'd, if Sir George could 
 furniih him with Boats to make a Bridge over 
 into the Ifland of Cadiz, and with all furnifh 
 them with neceffary Provifions there, to which' 
 his Grace deflred the Admirals fpeedy An- 
 fwer, 
 
 Thereupon a Council of the Flag Officers 
 was immediately called, wherein it was re- 
 folved, that they mould fend to the River at 
 Sf. Pedro as many long Boats as would com- 
 pleat a Bridge for tranfporting the Army, with 
 
 iuch
 
 2 5 8 The LIFE of the 
 
 fuch a Quantity of Provifions for the Army a3 
 his Grace the Duke of Ormond mould defire, 
 as foon as the Army mould be at that Place 
 to fupport and make ufe of the faid Boats ; and 
 that each Boat fhould carry 10 Deal Boards, 
 and a Carpenter to make them ufeful for that 
 Purpofe. The fame Day the Duke of Ormcnd 
 went to view the Forces under Baron Sparr 7 
 and found them breaking Ground within half 
 a Mile of the Matagcrda Fort. 
 
 On the ift of September, at a Council of 
 War of General Officers, held at Santa Vifto- 
 ria, it was agreed, that the following Propo- 
 fal fhould be fent to the Admiral, that in 
 cafe the Admiral fhould come to Port Royal 
 and upon trying to pafs into the I (land, be- 
 tween the Bridge of 'Suaco, and St. Pedro, 
 mould find that impracticable, and that the 
 Army fhould be obliged to come to the 
 Mouth of the River Xeres, where Baron Sparr 
 debarked on board the Fleet, whether any one 
 of the Admirals would undertake to carry 
 them thither. 
 
 The fame Day the Duke of Ormond wrote 
 to the Earl of Nottingham, and amongft other 
 Things told him, that they wanted Horfes ey- 
 tremely j that the Sea Officers (whom they 
 were moft to rely on, for their knowing the 
 Place) differed very much in their Opinion ;' 
 and that he thought there would be many 
 Difficulties before he left Engfi&id, and did 
 not find them Icilcned at all iince his Land- 
 ing. 
 
 Cn
 
 Dule 0/* ORMONDE. 259: 
 
 On the 2d of September Brigadier Seymour, 
 haying delivered to Sir George Rook the Land 
 Officers Propofal, a Council of Flag-Officers 
 was immediately called on board the Royal So- 
 vereign. Their Opinion was , that if the 
 Winds came out, as might be expected from 
 the approaching Seafon of the Year, on the 
 Sun's paffing the Equator, that neither the 
 Horfe nor Artillery could be embarked from 
 the Mouth of the River Xeres on Port Sf. Ma- 
 ry's, without the greateft Hazard and Diffi- 
 culties ; but they judged by the Convenience 
 of the Mold at Rota, that that Place might be 
 the fafeft and propereil for embarking, the faid 
 Horfe and Artillery : And they alfo judged an 
 Undertaking of this Kind to be foreign from 
 the Bufmefs of any Admiral, doubting that 
 whenever bad Weather happened, they would 
 have more than fuf&eient Employment to per- 
 form their Duty in fecurjng their refpective 
 Squadrons and Divifions ; though if the Wea- 
 ther was fair when the Embarkation was 
 made, there mould be a Flag-Officer and 
 Captain ordered to advife and affift in that 
 Service. The fame Day his Grace viewed 
 once more the Trenches before the Matagorda, 
 againft which the Engineers began to play 
 with a Battery of four Guns, and a Detach- 
 ment of 800 Men was fent to reinforce Baron 
 Sparr. 
 
 On the 3d of September at a Council of 
 Land General Officers, it was refolved that a 
 Copy of Yefterday's Council of War of Flag- 
 Officers
 
 *6o Tie LIFE of tfo 
 
 Officers mould be fent to Baron Sparr ; up?>n' 
 which Refolution of theirs it was not thought 
 fitting the Army mould march from Santa 
 Victoria till the Matagorda was taken. 
 
 The Governor of Cadiz rightly conjecturing 
 that the Prefervation of that City did in a 
 Manner depend upon the keeping the Mata- 
 gorda, put the moil refolute of his Men into 
 it ; and at the fame Time eight French Gallies, 
 and three French^ and four Spanijh Men of 
 War, kept a continual Fire with near 100 Can- 
 non on the Trenches of the Allies, which 
 were two Voot deep in Mud aYid Water. Be- 
 fides thefe Difficulties, the Battery of the 
 Confederates, which was raifed on a Morafs 
 (without any Madrires or Fafcines to fupport 
 rt) happening to fink, and the Engineers hav- 
 ing declared that they could not carry on the 
 Attack with Succefs, it was thought fit to re- 
 tire with the Lofs only of 3 2 Men killed and 
 33 wounded. 
 
 The fame Day (being the 5th* of September) 
 a Party of Spani/h Horfe made bold to attack 
 a fmall' Party of Eng/i/h Dragoons, who be- 
 haved themfelves fo gallantly, that they put 
 the Enemy to Flight, having wounded and 
 taken one Officer and two Men, with their 
 Horfes ~ and on our Side we had a Cornet and" 
 a private Man killed, and a Lieutenant taken,; 
 whom the Spaniard's againft all the Laws of 
 Nations and Arms, moft barbarouHy cut in 
 Pieces, 
 
 The
 
 Duke of ORMONDE* 261! 
 
 _. The 6th of September Baron Sparr with his 
 Detachment retired to the General Quarters at 
 Santa Viftoria, having firft fet Fire to the 
 Magazine at Port Royal ; and two Perfons 
 were arrived from Madrid, by the Way of 
 Faros in Portugal., with Advice, that the Ad- 
 mlrantc of Cajtile, and feveral other Grandees 
 of Spain, with their Retainer's, we're ready to 
 declare for the Emperor, a'nd the three Am- 
 bafTadors from the Emperor of M-jrcCco, were 
 arrived to offer his Grace their Mailer's Af- 
 fiftance, on Condition that the Kingdom of 
 Grenada mould be yielded to the* Moors -, yet 
 little Dependance being to be made on the 
 rfl, and the Terms of the latter not to be 
 accepted ; befides, the Spanifo Army iricrea- 
 fing apace, many of the Confederates dying 
 daily of the Bloody Flux', Provilions growing 
 fcarce with the reft, and the Admiral alleg- 
 ing, that the Seafon was fo far advanced that 
 he could not tarry much longer in thofe Seas 
 without apparent Danger' to her Majefty's Na- 
 vy. All thefe Reafons, I fay, being conlidered, 
 his Grace (tho' other ways willing to' winter 
 in Spain, and not to return home without 
 having done fomc fignal Adtion)'was forced to 
 comply with Neccffity : And wifh a deep 
 Concern, which vifibly prey'd on his gene- 
 rous Spirit, to give his Orders for a Retreat. 
 Accordingly on the 1 2th of September, the 
 Land Forces ftruck their Tents, and lay on 
 their Arms, which being obfervcd by the Ene- 
 my, they drew up as if they would attack 
 R the
 
 the Confederates, who ftanding firm to re- 
 ceive them, the Spaniards contented themfelves 
 with making feveral Random Shots at them, 
 two of which wounded one Mr. la Rabimere y 
 the Lord Shanon's Lieutenant-Colonel, and 
 the other Capt. Davenijk. The next Day in 
 the Morning the Confederates began their 
 March from Santa Victoria towards Rota, the 
 Spaniards keeping them Company all the 
 Way, and firing many fmall Shot amongft 
 them, but to no EffecT: ; and though they had 
 1 200 Horfe, and Foot in Proportion, yet the 
 Difpoiition made by his Grace was fo good 
 that it ftruck a Terror into them, and made 
 them keep at a Diftance. About ten o'Clock, 
 as the Confederates marched, a Signal was 
 given by which Sf. Katherinfs Fort was blown 
 up and entirely demolished (the Brafs Guns 
 having been taken away, and the reft fpiked 
 up) and about Four in the Afternoon, after a 
 refolute March, his Grace, with the Army, 
 arrived at Rota, without the Lois of one Man, 
 though many fainted and tired by the Way, 
 who were carried off in Boats. Marching 
 along the Strand at Rota, his Grace was re- 
 ceiv'd by Colonel Newton, who with his- 
 Garrifon of 300 Men, had very well barra- 
 cadoed the Avenues, but neverthelefs was of- 
 ten alarmed by the Enemy. 
 
 The 1 4th and i5th were fpent in {hipping 
 off Part of the Forces ;. and on the 1 6th over 
 Night Orders were given that the Boats from 
 the Fleet {hould rendezvous -at Rota by Break 
 
 of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE* 263 
 
 of Day, which was the Time of Flood, to take 
 on board the Remainder of the Army ; that 
 the youngeft Regiment mould march firfr, 
 that the Rear Guard mould be compofed of 
 the Englijh Grenadiers, commanded by Colo- 
 nel Fox y Lieutenant-Colonel Pierce, and Ma- 
 jor Negus ; and that the Company of Grena- 
 diers of the Guards that were ported at the 
 Wind-mill mould clofe the Rear, and as they 
 marched make good the Batteries, and fet 
 Fire to all the combuftible Stuff they mould 
 find on purpofe to cover their Retreat. 
 
 The 1 7th towards Noon, the Army being 
 near embarked, Orders were fent to Colonel 
 Fox to form the Rear-Guard and march,' 
 which was foon done : And after halting a 
 little while in the Street for Colonel Pierce, 
 who was pofted juft without the Town, they 
 then continued their March till they came to' 
 the neareft Place, where they were forced 
 to flay about an Hour, till the reft of the 
 Troops were aboard. During this fecond 
 Halt, Colonel Fox had Notice fent him, that 
 the Spaniards were forcing through the Barrier 
 at St. Lucas Port, which Colonel Rook (whofe 
 Defire it was to flay with the Rear-Guard) 
 perceiving he immediately got Leave of Baron' 
 Sparr to head a Party of the Dutch that hap- 
 pened not to be marched, and to be neareft 
 the Port. No fooner had the Hollanders made 
 their Difcharge, but the Enemy gave Way j 
 and juft as Colonel Rook had got to the Port 
 he met Colonel Pierce with another D'etach- 
 R 2 ment
 
 264 *fbe LIFE of tie 
 
 rnent from the Duke oiOrmond to fuftain him : 
 Thereupon Colonel Pierce ordered his Men to" 
 climb to the Top of the Port to clear the 
 Street on the other Side, which they did ef- 
 fectually, and regained the Barrier, whilft the 
 Dutch marched down to the Water- fide to 
 embark, and the reft to join Col. Fox in the 
 Rear. In this Difpute there was only five Sol- 
 diers killed,, and as many wounded (with the 
 Splinters of the Grenadoes) on the Confede- 
 rates Side, and about fix or feven Spaniards 
 lay dead on the other Side of the Port, and 
 amongft them one Officer of Note. 
 
 As foon as the Englijh that clofed the Rear 
 were got into their Boats, a Regiment of 
 French Foot fired brifkly at them, but without 
 hurting any body j and thus by the good Dif- 
 pofition wifely contrived by the Duke of Or- 
 mond, and prudently managed by Colonel 
 Fox, the Land Forces made a fafe Retreat, 
 in Sight of a numerous and enraged Enemy. 
 After all the Men were got on board the 
 Fleet a Flag of Truce was fent afhore, to of- 
 fer the Sprniards the Prifoners we had taken, 
 and demand thofe they had made j but they 
 refufed to receive theirs, faying, they might 
 keep to the, Eng lijl ., as not being good Subjects 
 to the King of Spain. The Alcayde of Rota 
 being apprehenfive dint ihould he continue 
 there, he fliould he put to Death for furren- 
 dering that Place to the Allies, defired his 
 Grace to take him on board, and carry him 
 to England, with his Kinfiir.iv who was the 
 
 Con-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE,. 265 
 
 Confederates Guide from Rota to Port Sf. Ma- 
 ry, which his Grace did generoufly grant. 
 The fame Day a Council of War was held on 
 board the Randagb, where the Duke of Or- 
 mond was, for all the General Land-Officers 
 and another on board the Sovereign for the 
 Flag-Officers. Thefe Confutations were held 
 purfuant to feme Inftruclions lately receiv'd 
 from England^ whereby the Queen left to the 
 Prudence of the Commanders in Chief, either 
 to winter in feme Port of Spain with the Land 
 Forces, ar.d Part of the Fleet, or to return 
 Home, after having made a. Detachment for 
 the Weft-Indies ; the Duke of Ormonde warmly 
 Infifted on the firft, and the Prince of Heffe 
 d' Arwftadt propofed the Town of Vigo^ as 
 liaving a very commodious Harbour, and be- 
 ing feated in the moft plentiful Corner, of all 
 Spain ; but Sir George Rook and moft of the 
 Sea Officer., who were ignorant that Monf. 
 Chateaurenaud's had arrived at Vigo with the 
 Sfamjh Galleons, were of Opinion, that it was 
 ;nore for her Majefty's and the Nation's Ser- 
 vice, to fend a Reinforcement to Admiral 
 Benbciv having Reafon to fuppofe that the 
 French had a very formidable Force in that 
 Part of the World. After fome MefTages be- 
 tween his Grace and Sir George Rook, a gene- 
 ral Council of Sea and Land General Officers 
 was held on board the Rane/agb, wherein 
 were prefen.t Sir George Rook, Lieutenant- 
 Admiral Allemond y Vice- Admiral Hcpfin , 
 Vice- Admiral Vandcrgoes, Vice- Admiral Pic- 
 tcrjon, Sir Stafford Fairborn, Rear-Admiral 
 R 3 Waf-
 
 $66 The LIFE of tie 
 
 Waffenair, Rear-Admiral Greydon, his Grace 
 the Duke of Ormonde, Sir Henry Bettafys, the 
 Lord Portmore, Baron Sparr , Sir Charles 
 Hara, Brigadier Palandts, Brigadier Seymour, 
 and Brigadier Hamilton. In this Council it 
 was debated, whether upon the Consideration 
 of the Oppofition and obftinate Inclination of 
 he Spaniards in Andalufia to oppofe the Houfe 
 of Aujlria, and the Difficulties which might 
 be expected from the Seafon of the Year, as 
 appeared by the Refolution of the Council of 
 War of Flag-Officers of Yeilerday, and the 
 Averfion they might reafonably expect to find 
 from the People of any other Part of Spain > 
 as well as the Want of Intelligence, which 
 the Army had been wholly deftitute of fince 
 their being afhore ; and that the Dutch Troops 
 could not be fupplied with Pro vi (ions from 
 their Fleet for a longer Time than a Month, 
 and the Diminutions of the Army, by the 
 Detachments for the Weft-Indies, and Sick- 
 nefs ; it was reafonable to make a fecond At- 
 tempt of landing in Spain ; which being 
 framed into a Queftion, and the Queftion put, 
 jdl the Sea Officers fubfcribed the Negative, a6 
 did alfo the Land Officers, except the Duke of 
 Ormonde and Baron Sparr, who remained 
 firm for the Affirmative: It was therefore re- 
 folved, that the Fleet mould take the firft 
 Opportunity, and make the beft of their Way 
 for England, and that the Rendezvous be ap- 
 pointed at St. Hellens till they fhould receive 
 Orders for the difpofing and landing the Ar- 
 my, whereupon the Prince of Hejje failed for 
 Li/bon, This
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 267 
 
 This Refolutiqn being purfued, the Fleet 
 iteer'd accordingly, and in their Voyage for 
 England, Sir George Rook lent the Eagle, the 
 Stirling-Caftle, and the Pembroke, with fome 
 Tranfports, to water in Lagos Bay, where- ar-- 
 riving the 22d, about Five in the Afternoon, 
 the Land Officers on board the Pembroke went 
 amore, having with them Mr. Beaitvoir, a 
 Gentleman of JerJ'ey, Chaplain of that Ship. 
 When they came to the Town of Lagos, they 
 could find no body that could under {land theiri; 
 which obliged them to rove in the Streets for 
 fome Time, till the Chaplain efpying a Gentle- 
 man, who by his frefh Countenance and foreign 
 Garb, appeared to be no Portuguefe, he ac- 
 cofted him in French, which he fpeaks as 
 readily as Englijh. The Gentleman anfwerec} 
 him in the fame Language, proving to be the 
 French Conful. Mr. Beauvoir, by his genteel 
 Addrefs, and fome Complements he pafs'd upori 
 the French Nation, infmuated himfelf fo much 
 into 'the Conful's Favour, that the latter offered 
 him his Houfe, both for himfelf and fome -of 
 his Friends, which the Chaplain gladly accept- 
 ed, and there took up his Lodging. He lay 
 there two Nights, and had the Opportunity 
 of feveral Conventions with the Conful, who 
 boaftingly extolled the Power of France -, add- 
 ing, that his mod Chriftian Majefty would 
 have fuch a ftrong Fleet at Sea next Summer, 
 that neither the Englifi nor Dutch fliould dare 
 to ftir out of their own Harbours; and to 
 prove his Affertion, he gave Mr. Ecau r c:ir a 
 R 4 broad
 
 68 Tfc LIFE /& 
 
 Abroad Hint of Cbateaurenaucts being fafe not 
 far off with the Galleons. 
 
 On the 24th in the Evening, Mr. Beauvcir 
 was informed, that a Gentleman was come 
 from Lifbon, bound for the Fleet, and that he 
 defigned to go the next Morning on board one 
 of the Englijh Men of War. This excited 
 the Chaplain's Curiofity, who thereupon fent 
 to the Gentle.man to acquaint him, that if he 
 did not go on board that Night he would lofe 
 his PaiTage, beca.ufe the Squadron was to fail 
 at Four in the Morning. That if he was 
 pleafed to go off, he had a Boat at his Service ; 
 that he fhould be welcome on board the Pem- 
 broke, and that he would be glad of his Com- 
 pany. The Gentleman accepted the Invita- 
 tion, and whilft they were both waiting on 
 the Shore for the Boat, Mr. Bcauvoir atked 
 him what News ? .Great ones, anivvered the 
 Gentleman ; for Chateaurcxaiid is at rigo with 
 30 Men of War, arid 22 Galleons 5 much the 
 fame Number that the French ConOil hud 
 mentioned to the Chaplain, wllpfe Curiofiiy 
 increasing , he enquired farther \vhence hi: 
 came, and who he was ? The Gentleman re- 
 plied, that he was both a Spaniard and a Ger- 
 man,, that lie came from Life- on, was fent by 
 the Imperial Minjfter at that Court to Fares, 
 in order to go on board the Fleet, which was 
 thought to be frill before Cadiz; but that 
 coming to that Place, he found that the Fleet; 
 was pafled by j and being inform'd of an 
 Englijh Squadron in I>ag03 Bay, he came td 
 
 Lagos
 
 'Duke of ORMONDE. 269 
 
 Lagos Town to get a PafTage, and that he had 
 two Letters, one for the Prince of Heffe f and 
 the other for Mr. Methucn, Junior, which 
 contained the Particulars of this important 
 News, and which he drew out of his Pocket 
 and fhew'd to Mr. Beauvoir ; the latter eaiily 
 read the Superfcription', becaufe it wr.s a fine 
 Moon-light Night ; but knowing that the 
 Prince of Heffe ' and Mr. Methncn were gone 
 out of the Fleet for Lijbon, he had fo much 
 Prefence of Mind as to conceal it from that 
 MefTenger, left he fnould refufe to go along 
 with him ; leaving him therefore in his Error, 
 he carried him on board the Pembroke. When 
 they came on board, they found the Captain 
 already in Bed, and the Meflenger being tired 
 out with his long Journey, went alfo imme- 
 diately to Bed to refrem himfelf. However, 
 the Chaplain bolted into the great Cabin, a- 
 wak'd Capt. Hardy > who commanded the 
 Pembroke, acquainted him what he had learn- 
 ed from the Gentleman and from the French 
 Conful, and told him he had brought the Gen- 
 tleman on board, who confirmed the News' 
 of &ateaiirenaua*s > and the Galleons being at 
 Vigo. The next Morning about Eight o'Clock, 
 the Meflenger being up, he confirmed to 
 Capt. Hardy the Chaplain's Information, and 
 produced his Letters. And when he heard 
 thi.it the Prince and Mr. Metbucn were both 
 gone by Sea tQLijbon, lie was much furprifed, 
 and earncftiy dciired to be put on Shore ; 
 whereupon, (though they were then under 
 
 Sail
 
 LIFE of the 
 
 Sail from Lagos) Capt. Hardy fent his Boat 
 with him under Cape St. Vincent y where he 
 landed. At the fame Time Capt. Hardy ac- 
 quainted Capt. Wi/harty who commanded the' 
 Ragle and all the Squadron, with what Intelli- 
 gence he had gained ; upon which Informa- 
 tion a Confultation of Captains was immedi- 
 diately held, wherein it was refolved, that 
 this News was of that Importance, that a Ship 
 fhould be fent to acquaint Sir George Rook 
 with it j and as Capt. Hardy had the beft 
 Sailor, and was Matter of the Intelligence, 
 Capt. Wijhart ordered him to fail a-head lo 
 find out the Fleet. He was put upon fo dif- 
 ficult a Piece of Work, that had he not been 
 a very experienced Sea Officer, and eminently 
 zealous for her Majefly's Service, he had ne- 
 ver compafTed it : For not to mention that the 
 Fleet had made many various Courfes, by reafon 
 pftheVariablenefs of the Weather, of which he 
 rnuft have a Journal in his Head ; the Head 
 of his Ship was loofe, which endangered his 
 Marts ; his Ship very leaky, and himfelf and 
 all his Men were reduced to two Bifcuits a 
 Pay. However, notwithstanding all thefe 
 Difficulties, and the preffing Infcances of his 
 Men to bear away for England, he cruized 
 till the 6th of Offober, when he found the 
 Fleet, and acquainted Sir George Rook with 
 his News. The Admiral being extreme glad 
 of it, imparted the fame immediately to the 
 Dutch Admiral, declaring it his Opinion, that 
 they fhould all fet fail directly for Vigo. The 
 
 Dutch
 
 Duie of ORMONDE. 271 
 
 Dutch Admiral readily concurred with Sir 
 George Rock, who the next Day call'd a Coun- 
 cil of Flag-OfFiceas, wherein it was refolved, 
 that in regard to the attempting and deftroy- 
 ing the French and Spanijh Ships at Vigo would 
 be of great Advantage to her Majefty, and no 
 lefs honourable to her and her Allies, and 
 tend, in a great Meafure, to reduce the exor- 
 bitant Power of France^ the Fleet fhould make 
 the beft of their Way to that Port, and fall on 
 immediately with the whole Line, if there 
 were Room fufficient for it ; otherwife to at- 
 tack the Enemy with fuch Detachments as 
 rnight render the Enterprize moft effectual and 
 fuccefsful. The fame Morning the Dunivicb 
 came into the Fleet from England^ by whom 
 the Duke of Ormond received the Queen's 
 Order concerning Sir Henry Bella/is and Sir 
 Charles Hara ; whereupon his Grace fent 
 Lieutenant Colonel Pierce, his Aid de Camp, to 
 defire them not to give themfelves the Trouble 
 to come to the Council of War ; but after- 
 wards finding them there, his Grace put them 
 both in Arreft. 
 
 Purfuant to theRefolutions of the Council of 
 War, the Fleet began to bend their Courfe to- 
 wards Vigo ; and the Admiral having fent out 
 immediately two Frigates for Intelligence, they 
 returned on the gth of October at Night, with 
 the Confirmation of Capt. Hardy $ Account; 
 adding, the Enemy's Ships lay up the River 
 in Rodondella Harbour. The next Morning 
 one of Sir Chudejly Shovel's Squadron came 
 
 into
 
 The LIFE of the 
 
 into the Fleet, with Advice, that Sir Cloudejty 
 was off of Cape Finifter ', whereupon he was 
 fent back with Orders for that Admiral to join 
 the grand Fleet. On Eleven in the Afternoon, 
 the Fleet came to an Anchor againft Vigo^ the 
 Weather having proved fo hazy, that the 
 Town never difcovered them till they were 
 juft upon it ; and though they fired very thick 
 from that Place, yet the Confederates took 
 little Notice of it. 
 
 The French Admiral, to do him Juftice, 
 had taken all human Precautions to fecure his 
 Ships, and the Spanijb Flota , for he had not 
 only carried them up beyond a very narrow 
 Streight, defended by a Cattle on the one Side, 
 and Plat-forms on both Sides of the Streight, 
 where he had planted his heft Guns ; but had 
 likewife laid athwart it a ftrong Boom, made 
 up of Mafts, Yards, Cables, Top-Chains, and 
 Calks about three Yards in Circumference, and 
 kept fteady by Anchors caft on both Sides of 
 of it. 
 
 So foon as the Confederate Fleet came to an 
 Anchor, the Admiral call'd a Council of Gene- 
 ral Sea and Land Officers, wherein it was con- 
 cluded, that fince the whole Fleet could not 
 attempt the Enemy's Ships where they lay, 
 without apparent Danger of running foul one 
 opon another, a Detachment of 15 E?igI/Jb t 
 and 10 Dutch Men of \Var, of the Line oi" 
 Battle, with all the Fire- fhips, mould be fent in 
 with Orders to ufe their befl Endeavours to take 
 or deftroy the Enemy's Fleet ; that the Frigates 
 
 and
 
 Duke Of ORMONtfK. 
 
 and Bomb-Veflels fhould follow the Rear of 
 the Detachment, and that the great Ships 
 mould move after them, and go in if there 
 fhould be Occafion : That the Army at the 
 fame Time mould land, and attack the Fort 
 On the South Side of Rodondella, and thence 
 proceed on, where they might moft effectu- 
 ally annoy the Enemy : That becaufe it was 
 not known what Depth of Water there might 
 be, the Attempt mould be made with the 
 fmalleft Ship?; and that to give the better 
 Countenance to the Service, all the Flag-Offi- 
 cers fhould go in with the Squadron. 
 
 For the better Performance of thefe Refo- 
 lutions, Sir George Rook, with great Zeal and 
 unwaried Vigilance, fpent almoft the whole 
 Night in going from Ship to Ship in his own 
 Boat, to give the necefTary Directions, and to 
 encourage both- Officers and Seamen to dif- 
 charge their Dury. The next Day aboat Ten 
 in the Morning, the Duke of Ormonde, being 
 landed in a fandy Bay, about two Leagues 
 from Vigo, with near 2500 Men, on the South 
 Side of the River, and without any Oppofi- 
 tion, ordered the Grenadiers, under the Com- 
 mand of the Lord Viicount Shannon, and Co- 
 lonel Pierce, to march directly to the Fort 
 that guarded the Entrance into the Harbour, 
 where the Boom lay, which they performed 
 with great Alacrity and Courage : And his 
 Grace himfelf at the Head of the reft of the 
 Forces marched on foot over craggy Moun- 
 tains to fuftain the fifft Detachment. There 
 
 appeared
 
 274 3%* LIFE of tfa 
 
 appeared at the fame Time about 8000 Spa* 
 nijh Foot, between the Fort and the Hills ; 
 but they only made a faint Shew of fkirmifhing 
 at a Diftance, and retired as the Grenadiers 
 advanced ; and the latter driving like wife be- 
 fore them another Party of the Enemy, fol- 
 lowed them to the Fort, and made themfelves 
 Mailers of the lower Platform,- on which were 
 38 Pieces of Cannon. Thereupon Lieutenant 
 General ChurchilFs Regiment advanced upon 
 the Left, and took their Pofls as they faw 
 mofl convenient. After the Batteries were 
 taken, the Enemy retreated into an old Caflle, 
 or Stone Tower, and fired from thence brifk- 
 ly upon the EngKJk for fome fmall Time j but 
 the Grenadiers plying them brifkly with their 
 Hand-Grenadoes, and pelting them with their 
 Fuzees as foon as they appeared on the Wall, 
 Monlieur de Sorel, a flout French Captain of 
 a Man of Water, who commanded in the 
 Fort, having encouraged his Men to make a 
 defperate Pufh for their Lives, opened the 
 Gate, intending to force his Way through the 
 Engliflj with Sword in Hand ; but the Grena- 
 diers rufhing immediately into the Caflie, 
 made themfelves Maflers of it, and took near 
 300 French Seamen and 50 Spaniards , with 
 their Officers, Priibners at Difcretion. A 
 fmall Party of the Enemy endeavoured to 
 make their Efcape through the Water, but 
 were flopt by a Detachment of the Dutch? 
 hevided by Capt. de Najaer, a French Prote- 
 
 flant,
 
 Dule of ORMONDE,' 275 
 
 itant, who ferved as Volunteer near his Grace 
 the Duke of Ormonde. 
 
 Nor were thofe in the Fleet idle Spectators 
 of all this 5 for as foon as the Land Forces were 
 got on Shore, the Admiral gave the Signal to 
 weigh, which was accordingly done, the Line 
 formed, and the Squadron was brifkly bearing 
 up to the Boom ; but when the Van was got 
 within Cannon-mot of the Batteries it fell 
 calm, fo that they were conftrained to come 
 to an Anchor again. However, not long af- 
 ter it blowing a frem Gale, Vice- Admiral Hop- 
 fon in the T^orbay being near the Enemy, cut 
 immediately his Cables, clapt on all his -Sails, 
 and bearing up directly upon the Boom, a- 
 midft all the Enemy's Fire, broke through it 
 at once, caft Anchor between the Bourbm and s 
 L'Efperance (or Hope}. Two French Men 
 of War, which Count Chateaurenaud had 
 placed near the Boom , with unparallePd 
 Refolution received feveral Broadfides from 
 them. He was moreover clapped on board 
 by a French Firefhip, and had been burnt if 
 the Fire-lhip had not blown up ; the Admiral 
 himfelf remaining on board till he extinguished 
 the Fire, tho' above 100 of his Men were forc'd 
 to jump over-board to efcape the. Flames. 
 
 The reft of Vice- Admiral Hopfon's Divifion, 
 and Vice-Admiral Vandergces, with his De- 
 tachment, having weigh'd, at the fame Time, 
 failed a-breaft towards the Boom, to add the 
 greareft Weight and Force to the Shock, but 
 being becalmed, they all iluck, and were 
 
 obliged
 
 The LIFE' of tl'e 
 
 obliged to hack and cut their Way through," 
 A frefh Gale blowing again, the Dutch Ad- 
 miral made fo good Uie of ir, that having 
 nick'd the Paffage which the brave Hopfon 
 had made, he boldly went m and made him- 
 felf Mailer of the Bourbon. 
 
 All this while Vice- Admiral Hopfon was in 
 extream Danger for being clapt on board by 
 a French Fireihip, by which his Rigging was- 
 prefcntly fet on Fire, he expected every Mo- 
 ment to be burnt. But it fortunately happen- 
 ed that the French VefTel, which- was a Mer- 
 chant-man laden with Snuff, and made up in 
 Hafte. into a Fire-ihip,: being blown up, the 
 Snuff partly extinguifh'd the Fire, and pre- 
 ferved the Englijh Man of War. However, 
 Vice- Admiral Hopfon received confulerable 
 Damage in this memorable Action. ; for bc- 
 fides the having his Fore-top-maft mot by the 
 Board, and 1 1 5 Men killed and drowned, 
 and nine wounded, moil of his Sails were 
 burnt and deftroyed ; his fore Yard burnt to a 
 Coal, and his Larboard Shrouds fure and aft, 
 burnt at the Dead Eyes, infomuch that he 
 was afterwards forced to leave his own Ship, 
 and hoift his Flag on board the Monmtuth. 
 At the fame. Time Capt. Buckncun, in the Aj'- 
 ficiation, laid his BroadiiJe agaiuft a B.ittery 
 of j 7 Guns on the other Side the Harbour, fo 
 that for a confiderable while there was a con- 
 tinual firing of great and imill Shot on both 
 Sides, till the French Admiral feeing the Plat- 
 form and Fort in the Hands of the victorious
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 277 
 
 y his Fire-fhip fpent in vain, the Bour- 
 bon taken, the Boom cut in Pieces, and the 
 confederate Fleet pouring in upon him, he fet 
 Fire to his own Ship, and ordered the reft of 
 the Captains under his Command to follow 
 his Example ; but he could not be fo punctu- 
 ally obey'd, but that feveral Men of War and 
 Galleons were taken both by the Englifh and 
 Dutch, as you may fee in the following Lift. 
 
 French SHIPS in the Harbour QfRodondella* 
 SHIPS taken. 
 
 Commanders. SHIPS Numas. Men Guns 
 
 Monficur de Beaujeu, Le Prompt, 500 76 
 
 M. de Montbeau, Le Bourbon, 410 68 
 
 M. de Boiffier, Le Ferme, 450 74 ^ 
 
 M. L'Autier, Le Modere, 300 54 
 
 M. d' Aligre, L'Afiure, 380 66 
 
 M. de Cour, Le Triton, 253 42 
 
 Of thefe the Bourbon only was taken by 
 the Dufcb, the reft were carried home by 
 the Englijh. 
 
 SHIPS burnt. 
 
 Count de Chateaurenaud, Le Fort, $00 76 
 
 M. de Tricombaut, L'Oriflame, 380 64 
 
 M. de Chamelin, Le Sohde, 350 56 
 
 M. de Grand Pre, Le Prudent, 380 640164 
 
 M. Dupleffis, La Dauphine, 230 44 
 
 M. de Polignac, L'Enterprennant, 130 24 
 
 M. de St. Ofman, La Choquante, 2 
 
 M. de Lefcallet, Le Favori.Firefli. 1 4 
 
 There were alfo three Gardes Marines or 
 Scouts burnt. 
 
 SHIPS not taken, but either funk or run a- 
 fhore, and bulged. 
 
 Le Marq. de la Galefonniere, L'Efperance, 420 70 
 
 M dc Mongon, La Sirene 380 oi 
 
 Le Mar.]. de Chateaurenaud, Le Superbe 450 70 
 
 M. de Sorel, Le Volontaire, 250 46 
 
 S Sfanijh 
 

 
 278 The LIFE of the 
 
 Spanijh Men of War. 
 
 Don Manuel de Valafco Gen. Jefus Maria Jofeph Jcf 
 
 Don Jofephus Checca Adm. La Buffunar. 54 
 
 Don Fernando Checon, La Capitana de Affa Cos 54 
 
 Spanifo Galleons taken, funk, or run afliore, 
 &c. 
 
 COMMANDERS. SHIPS. 
 
 Bon Vifente Alvarez San&o Ch-rifto di Mariacaja, 
 
 Don Francifco Blanco Sano Chrifto di Buen Veajo, 
 
 Don Alorizo Iparrire Santa Cruz, 
 
 Don Cofmo Antonio Montag Nottradarna de Merci, 
 
 Don Michael Cametee Santo Domingo, 
 
 Don Ignatio Afconobritio La Trinadad, 
 
 Don Anton. Gomes d'Aurelia St. Juan Baptifta, 
 Philippo Quinto, 
 
 Don Frcanifco Baragand Noftra Senora de Mercedas, 
 
 Don Juan Dungo JalaQie del General, 
 
 Don Frebufia Bernarde Vera La Sacra Familia, 
 
 Don Alonzo Lopez Santa Cruz, 
 
 Don Marten Moguera Santa Sufanna. 
 
 Of thefe 13 Galleons (which carried from 
 20 to upwards of 30 Guns) four were taken by 
 the E?2glijh, five by the Hollanders, and the 
 reft were ail deftroy'd. v 
 
 As the good Conduct of the Land Forces 
 contributed very much to the Succefs of this 
 Enterprize, having contrived to aflail the Forts 
 jufl as the Men of War, bearing up to the 
 Boom, poured in their Broadfides upon them - y 
 fo did it wonderfully reconcile them to the 
 Seamen, who before thought them ufelefs > and 
 created a Friendmip and Confidence between 
 them both j for both were here WitneiTes of 
 their refpedive Resolution and Bravery, and 
 afforded one another mutual Affiftance. 
 
 This great and memorable Victory was ob- 
 tained with very inconfiderable Lois j for, be- 
 
 fides
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 279 
 
 fides the Damage received by Vice-Admiral 
 Hopfon, as above-mention'd, the Kent had 
 only her Foremaft mot, and Boatfwain wound- 
 ed ; the Ajjbciation had her Main-mafi fhot, 
 and two Men killed j the Barf ear had her 
 Main-maft fhot, two Men killed, and two 
 wounded j and the Mary her Boltfprit fhot.' 
 Of the Land-men, two Lieutenants and about 
 40 Soldiers were {lain ; Colonel Pierce was 
 wounded with a Cannon -(hot from our own 
 Men of War in the Thigh, and Colonel Sey- 
 mour, Colonel Newton, Mr. Tk'W/ft, and 
 about 30 private Men were alfo wounded. 
 
 Though the 'French loft the Day, yet it 
 muft be acknowledged that they defended the 
 Boom and the Fort with great Courage, till, 
 feeing themfelves deferted by the raw and 
 unexperienced Spanijh Militia, and over- 
 power' d by the Confederates, they were forced 
 to yield to the Fortune of War. The Num- 
 ber of their Slain was much the fame with 
 that of the Allies, but near 400 of their Men 
 were taken Prifoners j and amongfl them M. 
 d y Aligre, Commodore of a Squadron, the 
 Marquis de la Galkfonniere, M. ds Sorel, and 
 feverul other Officers of Note; Count Chateau- 
 renaud and the Spanifb General, with fome 
 others, made their Efcape : But Don Jofepb 
 Cbecon, the Spanifo Admiral, was made Pri- 
 foner. 
 
 Hiftory cannot determine the Valve of the 
 
 Booty the Confederates gained in this bold and 
 
 fucceftful Attempt ; though 'tis not w:ut they 
 
 S 2 gor,
 
 280 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 got, but what the Enemy loft, that is chiefly 
 to be regarded, and which indeed was very 
 conliderable. However, to make a reafona- 
 ble Conjecture of both, it may be remarked, 
 that this Spanifo Flota was univerfally acknow- 
 ledged to be the richeft that ever came from 
 the Weft-Indies into Europe. That the Silver 
 and Gold it had on board was computed at 
 20 Millions of Pieces of Eight; of which 14 
 Millions, only, were taken out of the Galleons, 
 and fecured by the Enemy, and the reft was 
 either taken or left in the Galleons that were 
 burnt or funk : And that the Goods were va- 
 lued at 20 Millions of Pieces of Eight more, 
 one fourth Part of which was faved, near two 
 deftroyed, and the other taken by the Confe- 
 derates ; befides the Ships already mentioned, 
 and' a great deal of Plate and Goods belonging 
 to private Perfons, moft Part of which was 
 either taken or loft. 
 
 The Duke of Ormonde^ who by his Prefence 
 where Danger threaten'd moft had. encouraged 
 every body to do their Duty, march'd the 
 fame Night with his Forces to Rodondella, be- 
 ing well lighted in his Way by the Enemy's 
 Ships in Flames, which yielded a pleafant tho' 
 difmal Spectacle. His Grace took PofTefTion 
 of Rodondella without any Refiftance, moft of 
 the Inhabitants being fled ; and though great 
 Bodies of the Spaniard* drew together on the 
 Mountains, yet, finding the Confederates in fo 
 good a Pofture to receive them, they never 
 durft venture to attack them. In this Place 
 
 was
 
 Dale of ORMOND-E. 381 
 
 was found a great deal of Plate belonging to 
 the French Officers, which his Grace caufed 
 to be divided among the Officers of his own 
 Troops. 
 
 On the 1 4th, mutual Congratulations, by 
 Letters, paft bet ween the Duke of Ormonde and 
 Sir George Rook, on the Succefs of their En- 
 terprize : And at the fame Time his Grace 
 acquainted the Admiral with his Defign of 
 marching to Vigo 9 and attacking the Place; 
 which he doubted not he might eafily take, 
 and maintain himfelf there that Winter, and 
 be in a Readinefs next Spring to purfue the 
 Advantages they had now gained ; and per- 
 haps bring Portugal to a Declaration for the 
 Allies. This, faid his Grace, he would do, 
 if Sir George would agree to it, and leave with 
 him fuch a Number of Ships, and fuch a 
 Quantity of Provifions, as might be thought 
 neccflary : But upon the Admirals Anfwer, 
 that he could not give the Forces more than 
 fix Weeks or two Months Provisions, or 
 leave more than five or fix Frigates which he 
 could hardly think fafe any longer than they 
 were at Sea, coniidering that the French, who 
 had fuch Advantages, were not : His Grace 
 acquainted Sir George Rook, that he would 
 give over the Thoughts of going to Vigo, and 
 of wintering in thofe Parts. 
 
 On the 1 6th of Qftober, Sir Chude/lf Shovel* 
 
 with about twenty of her Majefty's Ships, 
 
 joined the Fleet from England : The next 
 
 pay the Duke of Ormonde, with the Land 
 
 S 3 Forces,
 
 282 The LIFE of 
 
 Forces, marched from Rodondella t and em- 
 bark'dj and, on the i9th in the Morning, Sir 
 George Rook, with Vke-Admiral Hopfon, and 
 ten Sail more of her Majefty's Ships, befides 
 Tenders and Tranfports, fail'd from Vigo Har- 
 bour with a fine Land Breeze, leaving behind 
 Vice Admiral Shovel, and Rear Admiral Fair- 
 born, and Graydon, with twenty-feven more 
 Englifh Men of" War, befides Firefhips, Bomb 
 Veffels, Hofpital-fhips, and the French and 
 Spanifh Prizes, which when fitted he was to 
 bring home ; after having quite deftroy'd thofe 
 Ships which the Enemy ran afhore, and the 
 Fort the Confederates took at their Landing. 
 On the 7th of November, Sir George Rook 
 came into the Downs, and the fame Day, at 
 Four in the Afternoon, his Grace the Duk ; of 
 Ormonde landed at Deal, and having difpatched 
 the neceffary Orders, for the dif-embarking 
 and quartering the Forces, went that Night 
 to Canterbury, and, arriving at London the next 
 Day, was received with deferved and great 
 Marks of Favour by her Majefty, and with 
 the loud Acclamations of the People : His 
 Grace's and Sir George Rock's Succefs at Vigo 
 having ftifled the various Difcourfes and fe- 
 cret Murmurings about the fecret Expedition 
 to Cadiz. We muft here take Notice that 
 the Queen gave a noble Gratuity to the Lord 
 Shannon and to Captain Thomas Hardy, who 
 were fent Exprefs by the Duke of Ormonde 
 and Sir George. Rook, with the firft Account 
 pf their profpefous Attempt } and that, bcfide 
 
 3 aFre :
 
 Duke (/ORMONDE. 283 
 
 a Prefent of a thoufand Guineas, her Majefty 
 conferr'd the Honour of Knighthood on that 
 Captain, 
 
 On the 1 4th of November Mr. Secretary 
 Hedges, by the Queen's Command, acquaint- 
 ed the Houfe, that her Majefty had appointed 
 Thurfday the i2th inftant to be obferved in 
 London and Weftminfter, and the Places ad- 
 jacent, as a Day -of publick Thankfgiving to 
 Almighty God, on Occafion of the great Succejj'es 
 of her Majefty' s Arms, and thofe of her Allies, 
 and particularly that of her Troops under the 
 Command of the Earl oj Marlborough, that 
 of the Forces under the Command of the Duke 
 .-of Ormonde at Vigo, and aljojor the extra- 
 ordinary Succefs of the Fleet under the Command 
 .of Sir George Rook. That, for the greater 
 Solemnity on that Day, her Majejly would be 
 pleafed to go to St* Paul's Church, as has been 
 accuftomed informer Times in this Kingdom 3 to 
 return Thanks to Almighty God, for thejignal 
 and great Succefs in which not only her Majefty, 
 but all her Subjects werefo highly concerned : And 
 that her Majejly had given necejjary Orders for 
 providing convenient Places in the faid Cathe- 
 dral for the Members of that Houfe, as well 
 as for the Houfe of Lords. For which the 
 Commons returned their Thanks to her Ma- 
 jefty, and refolved that they would attend her 
 Majefty, as a Houfe, to St. Paul's Church, upon 
 the Day appointed for a publick Thankfgiving. 
 
 On the Day fix'd for the Solemnity the Pro- 
 
 .ceflion began between Eight and Nine in the 
 
 S 4 Morn-
 
 284 The LIFE of the 
 
 Morning. Firft the Commons went from 
 their own Houfe to$i. James's Park, and palTed 
 before her Majefty's Palace, down Pall-Mall 
 to St. Paul's. The Speaker led the Way, and 
 all the Members followed in their refpe&ive 
 Coaches. 
 
 Soon after came the Houfe of Peers ; three 
 of the Knight Marfbal's Men made Way; 
 then came the Clerk of the Crow;/, the Ma- 
 ilers in Chancery, and the Judges as Affiftants 
 to that Houfe ; the Peers, being all in their 
 Robes, followed in their Coaches, according 
 to their Precedency as they were marmall'd by 
 the Heralds at Wejlminjler, the youngeft Ba- 
 ron going nrft : Thofe who were Knights of 
 the Garter wore their Collars of the Order. 
 
 Her Majefty came afterwards attended in 
 the following Manner ; firft march'd the 
 Knight Marjbal on Horfeback, with tome of 
 of his Men; next came one of her Majefty's 
 Coaches with fix Horfes, wherein were the 
 Gentlemen UJhers ; another of her Majefty's 
 Coaches, wherein fat the Duke of Stmerfet, 
 Mafter of the Horfe ; and the Duke of Or- 
 tnonde, being the Staff Officer in waiting j then 
 the Troop of Horfe Grenadiers, and two moreof 
 her Majefty's Coaches, in which were the La- 
 dies and Maids of Honour ; next her Ma- 
 jefty's Footmen, and' the Yeomen of the 
 the Guard on foot ; and then her Majefty ha- 
 bited in Purple, wearing her Collar and George, 
 in her Body Coach drawn by eight Horfes, in 
 which were alfo the Counteflcs of Marlbcrough 
 
 and
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 285 
 
 and Sunder/and ; and laft of all her Majefty's 
 third Troop of Horfe Guards. 
 
 The Streets were lined from St. James's to 
 Temple-Bar by the Militia of Weflminfter^ from 
 thence to Ludgate\yy the City Train'd Bands, and 
 two Companies of her Majefty's Foot Guards 
 were pofted in the Church > the Balconies and 
 Windows of the Houfes were hung with Car- 
 pets and Tapeftry, and the Number of Specta- 
 tors were exceeding great. 
 
 At Temple-Bar her Majefty was met by the 
 Lord Mayor in a Gown of Crimfon Velvet, 
 and the Aldermen and Sheriffs in their Scarlet 
 Gowns, being all on Horfeback j and the 
 Lord May or furrendered the City Sword to her 
 Majefty, who having returned the fame to 
 him, he carried it before her Majefty to the 
 Church, the Aldermen and Sheriffs riding be^ 
 fore him. 
 
 Her Majefty, being come to St. Paul's, was 
 met at the Weft Door by the Peers, the Kings 
 and Officers of Arms, with the Gentlemen 
 Penfioners, attending ; the Sword of State was 
 carried before her, from thence into the 
 Choir, by his Grace the Duke of Ormonde, and 
 her Majefty walk'd between the Duke of So- 
 mer/et and the Lord Chamberlain. 
 
 Her Majefty, being enter'd into the Choir, 
 feated herfelf on her Throne of State, which 
 was placed near the Weft End of the Choir, 
 oppofite the Altar ; the Peers had Seats in the 
 Area, as they fat in the Houfe of Lords ; the 
 Commons in the Stalls and upper Galleries on 
 
 each
 
 2S6 "The L I F E of the 
 
 ; cach Side, the Ladies of the Bed-chamber, 
 Maids of Honour, and the other Ladies of 
 the higheft Quality, and the foreign Minifters, 
 in the two lower Galleries next the Throne, 
 and the Lord May or and Aldermen in the low- 
 er Galleries next the Altar : The Lord Biihop 
 of London fat in his Throne or Stall, the 
 Dean and Prebendaries, within the Rails of 
 the Altar, and the Choir was placed in the 
 Organ Loft. The Prayers and Litany were 
 faid and fung by the Refidentiaries, and Minor 
 Canons j the Lord Bimop , of London read the 
 Communion Service, and the Lord Bifhop of 
 Exeter preached an excellent Sermon ; and 
 the Hymn, Te Deum, with feveral other An- 
 thems, admirably well-fet to Mufick, were 
 fung by the Choir. 
 
 The Divine Service being ended, her Ma- 
 jefty returned to Sf. James's, in the fame 
 State (he came. The great Guns in the Tower 
 and thofe in Sf. jfa?nes's Park were thrice dif- 
 charged ; the firft Time when her Majefty 
 parted from Sf. yames's^ the fecond at the 
 Singing of the Te Deum y and the third when 
 her Majefty came back to her Palace. 
 
 A pyramidical Illumination was hung up 
 at Ludgate, and the following Infcription ai- 
 fixed to one Side of the Gate : 
 
 ANNA
 
 Duh of ORMONDE. 287 
 
 ANNA 
 
 Britannia Magnas Regina 
 
 Et Conjux vere Illuftris 
 
 GEORGIUS 
 
 Danias Princeps 
 
 Nee non inclyti Heroes 
 
 Tyranni Gallic! debellatores 
 
 Jacobus Dux Ormond 
 Johannes Comes Maryborough 
 
 Georgius Rook Miles 
 
 Claffis Triumphantis praefectus 
 
 Vivant et Floreant. 
 
 May Ann Queen of Great Britain, her truly 
 Jlluftrious Confort, George Prince of Denmark, 
 and the renowned Heroes, Conquerors of the 
 Gallic Monarch, James Duke of Ormond \ Ge- 
 neral of the victorious Fleet, John Ear I of Marl- 
 borough) George Rook Knight, live and profper. 
 
 The Houfe of Commons had before, viz. 
 on the loth, unanimoufly voted their Thanks to 
 his Grace the Duke of Ormonde, and Sir George 
 Rock, for the great and fignal Services by them 
 performed for the Nation both by Sea and 
 Land. 
 
 On the 1 1 th, in Purfuance of this Vote, 
 Mr. Boyle Chancellor of the Exchequer, re- 
 ported, that the Committee appointed had 
 attended the Duke of Ormonde, with the 
 Thanks of the Houfe, and that his Grace 
 was pleafed to fay, It was the greateft Honour 
 could be given to a SubjetJ ; that y as for his 
 
 Part,
 
 2 88 TZe LIFE of the 
 
 Part y be bad done nothing but what ivas bis 
 Duty j and that all the Troops under bis Com- 
 mand behaved themfehes very gallantly, and be 
 defired to exprefs his utmojt Thanks for the 
 Honour he had done him. 
 
 On the 1 3th the Duke of Ormonde being 
 come to the Houfe of Lords, the Lord Keeper 
 returned his Grace Thanks, in the Name of 
 the Peers, for his fignal Services performed at 
 Vigo : and then the Lords ordered an Addrefs 
 to be prefented to the Queen, that {he would 
 be pleafed to order the Duke of Ormonde and 
 Sir George Rook to lay before them an Account 
 of their Proceedings in their late Expedition. 
 The Queen having complied with this Ad- 
 drefs, the Duke of Ormonde did, on the i6th, 
 lay his Journal before the Lords. 
 
 On the 2 1 ft Sir George Rook having taken 
 fais Place in the Houfe of Commons, Mr. 
 Speaker gave him the Thanks of that Houfe, 
 in this Manner : 
 
 Sir George Rook y 
 
 " You are now returned to this Houfe after 
 " a moft glorious Expedition ; her Majefty 
 < began her Reign with a Declaration that 
 tt her Heart was entirely EngKJh, and Heaven 
 " hath made Her to triumph over the Ene- 
 " mies of England ; for this, Thanks has been 
 " returned in folemn Manner to Almighty 
 " God. ' There remains yet a Debt of Grati- 
 <c tude to thofe that have been the Instruments 
 *-' of fo wonderful a Victory, the Duke of 
 
 " Ormonde
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 289 
 
 " Ormonde and yourfelf, who had Command 
 " of the Sea and Land Forces. In former 
 " times Admirals and Generals have had Suc- 
 " cefs againft Prance and Spain fingly, but 
 " this Acl:ion at Vigo hath been a Vi&ory 
 " over them confederated together. You have 
 " not only fpoiled our Enemies, but you have 
 <c alfo enriched your own Country. Com- 
 * c mon Victories bring only Terror to the Con- 
 " quered, but you brought Deflruction upon 
 " them, and additional Strength to England: 
 " France had endeavoured to fupport its Am- 
 " bition by the Riches of India ; your Succeis, 
 " (Sir) hath left them the Burthen of Spain, 
 " and Gripped them of the Affiftante of it, 
 " The Wealth of Spain., and Ships of France > 
 <c are, by this Victory, brought over to our 
 tc jufter Caufe : Thi is an Aclion fo -glorious 
 <c in the Performance, and fo extenfive in its 
 " Confequence, that, as all Times will pre- 
 " ferve the Memory of it, fo every Day will 
 " more and more inform us of the Benefit, 
 " No doubt (Sir) in France , you are writ in 
 " remarkable Characters, in the black Lift of 
 <c thofe who have taken French Gold j and k 
 " is a Juflice due to the Duke of Ormonde arki 
 *' your Merit, that you mould fland recorded 
 " in the Regifter of this Houfe, as the In- 
 " ftruments of this glorious Victory ; therefore 
 !< the Houfe have come to this unanimous Re- 
 " folution:"
 
 2go The LIFE of the 
 
 That the Thanks of this Houfe be given to lit 
 Grace the Duke of Ormonde and Sir George 
 Rook, for the great and fignal Services per- 
 formed by them to the Nation at Sea and Land. 
 
 cc Which Thanks (Sirj by their Command, 
 I now return you. " 
 
 To this Sir George Rook anfwered : 
 
 Mr. Speaker, 
 
 " I am now under a great Difficulty, how 
 " to exprcfs myfelf upon this very great Oc- 
 <e cafion. I think myfelf very happy, that, in 
 " Zeal and Duty to your Service, it hath been 
 <e my good Fortune to be the Inftrument of 
 <c that which may deferve your Notice, and 
 " much more the Return of your Thanks. I 
 " am extremely fenfible of this great Honour, 
 " and (hall take all the Care I can to preferve 
 " it to my Grave, and convey it to my Pofte- 
 <e rity without Spot or Blemifh, by a confiant, 
 <c affectionate, and zealous Perfeverance in the 
 <c Queen's, and your Service. 
 
 " Sir, no Man hath the Command of For- 
 ct tune, but every Man hath Virtue at his Will ; 
 <c and though I may not be always fuccefsful in 
 * c your Service, as upon this Expedition, yet I 
 " will prefume to afTure you, I fhall never be 
 " more faulty. 
 
 " I muft repeat my Inability to exprefs my- 
 " felf on this Occasion, but, as I have a due 
 ^_ l Senfe of the great Honour this Houfe has 
 
 been
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 291 
 
 been pleafed to do me, fo I (hall al wa ? s 
 " retain a due and grateful Memory of it. And 
 " though my Duty and Allegiance are ftrong 
 " Obligations upon me, to do the befl in the 
 " Service of my Country, yet I mall always 
 " take this as a particular Tie upon me, to do 
 " Right and Juftice to your Service upon all 
 " Occafions." 
 
 The Difappointment at Cadiz had 
 greatly raifed the Spirits of the Ene- I ' 7 
 mies of the Miniftry, but, thefe being again 
 damped by the taking Vigo^ a Complaint was 
 exhibited in the Houfe of Lords, charging Sir 
 GeorgeRook with the Mifcarriage at CW/Xchiefly 
 on account of his differing in Opinion in fome 
 Inftances with the Dukeof Ormonde; the Lords 
 ordered the Journals of the Duke and the Ad- 
 miral, and other great Officers, to be laid before 
 'em i but having examined that Matter thorough- 
 ly, they refolved that Sir George Rook had done 
 his Duty, purfuant to the Councils of War, like 
 a brave Officer, and to the Honour of the Englijb 
 Nation. On the other hand Sir Henry Bella/is, 
 a Lieutenant-General in the Expedition to Ca- 
 diz, was tried by a Court of General Officers, 
 and found guilty of plundering the Spa?iiards at 
 Port St. Mary's ; whereupon Sir Henry Bella/is 
 was broke and difmhTed the Service ; but Major 
 General liar a was acquitted by the fame Court, 
 and his Sufpenfion thereupon taken off by her 
 Majefty. 
 
 The Earl of Roche ft er finding another Into- 
 reft too ftrong for him in Council, and that 
 
 the
 
 292 The LIFE of the 
 
 the Lieutenancy of Iceland was only continued! 
 to him, that he might remain at a Diftance 
 from Court, refigned that Poft ; and the Duke 
 of Ormonde was made Lord Lieutenant of Ire- 
 land on the Fourth of February, whereby fome 
 Men had the Pleafure to fee another Rival in the 
 Queen's Favourremoved from Court and Camp. 
 
 On the 2oth of May 1703, his Grace the 
 Duke of Ormonde, Lord Lieutenant of 
 1703 Ireland, fet out from London, with a 
 numerous Attendance on his Way to 
 Cbefter, in order to embark there for that 
 Kingdom. His Grace was accompanied fe- 
 veral Miles out of Town, by a great many 
 of the Nobility and Gentry, and above two 
 thoufand Perfons of inferior Rank, and, ha- 
 ving ' been received with extraordinary De- 
 monftrations of Refpect and Affection in all 
 Places through which he paffed, embarked at 
 Hylake on the 2d of June, and on the 4th ar- 
 rived at Dublin, to the inexpreffible Joy of that 
 City, and the whole Kingdom of Ireland, 
 which they endeavoured in fome Meafure to 
 fhew by a moft magnificent Reception. 
 
 Soon after the Duke's Landing in that King- 
 dom, he review'd the Garrifons, and, on his 
 Return to Dublin, the Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, 
 Commons, and Citizens, refolved to entertain 
 his Grace in the moft refpeclful and diftin- 
 guiming Manner, in regard as well to his 
 Perfon and Character, as to the many fignal 
 Favours, that City had received from his 
 Grace's Anceflors. Accordingly on the 131)1 
 
 of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 293 
 
 of Auguft the feveral Corporations or City 
 Companies marched from their refpective 
 Halls to Oicmonton-Green, well armed and e- 
 quipped, where they paraded, and from thence 
 went in good Order through the City to Ste-* 
 pben's Green, being led by the Sheriffs on 
 Horfeback j each Company had feveral Pa- 
 geants reprefenting their Trades. The Lord 
 Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen, were feated 
 in their Scarlet Gowns at the WMJ/e/, where 
 the Officers of each Company as they proceed- 
 ed faluted the Lord Mayor ; and in like Man- 
 ner paid their Refpedts to his Grace, who did 
 the City the Honour to view the feveral Com- 
 panies from the Earl of Abercortfs Houfe 
 in York Street, where he was attended by the 
 Lord Chancellor, and feveral of the Nobility 
 and Gentry. The 24 Corporations, having 
 taken their Stations in Sf. Stephen's Green> 
 were followed thither by the Lord Mayor, 
 Recorder, and Aldermen in their Formalities, 
 being attended with a Company of City Gre- 
 nadiers. About One of the Clo'ck, my Lord 
 Lieutenant went to the Green, and at his En- 
 trance was received by the Sheriffs- uncovered 
 on Horfeback, who rode on each Side of his 
 Coach, and conduced his Grace to the Guild 
 of Merchants, where he alighted and was 
 received by tire Lord Mayor, Recorder, and 
 Aldermen. His Grace viewed each Compa- 
 ny, and afterwards retired into the Lord 
 Mayor's Tent, where he was entertained for 
 an Hour ; during which Tinre each Company 
 T iired
 
 294. ne LIFE of the 
 
 fired thrice, and from thence returned to the 
 Caftle. About Three of the Clock, theShe- 
 riffs conducted his Grace to the Thcljl'l, 
 where he was received by the Lord Mayor, 
 Recorder, and Aldermen j the Lord Mayor 
 furrendered the Sword to his Grace, which 
 he was pleafed to return to his Lord (hip, who 
 carried the fame before him through a Guard 
 of Militia Grenadiers to the Apartment ap- 
 pointed for his Grace's Reception, the Stew- 
 ards with their Staves walking before them, 
 the Kettle-Drums beating, and the Trumpets 
 founding. Her Grace the Dutchefs of Or- 
 monde foon after came to the Tkolfel, attended 
 by the Lady May'refs, and feveral Ladies of 
 Quality, and the Aldermens Wives, where fhe 
 was received by the Lord Mayor. Several 
 Tables were plentifully covered in the State- 
 Room, and in the Guild-Hall; my Lord Lieu- 
 tenant and Dutchefs were conducted to the 
 former, being attended by the Lord Primate, 
 Lord Chancellor, and moil of the Nobility, 
 Ladies of Quality, Judges, Officers, and Gen- 
 try in the Town. The Entertainment was 
 fplendid, and in great Order. The Duke 
 was ferved at Table by the Sheriffs, her 
 Grace by the Lord Mayor's Son, and the reft 
 of .the Company by Members of the 
 Council, While the Dinner lafted, their. 
 Graces were entertained with Vocal and In- 
 flrumental Mufic. Dinner was concluded 
 with her Majefty's Health, at which their 
 Graces and all the Company flood up ; his 
 
 Royal
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 295 
 
 Royal Highnefs's Health was alfo drunk, the 
 Drums beating, and Trumpets founding, at 
 both. Their Graces retired afterwards to their 
 feveral Apartments, till all Things were pre- 
 pared for a Ball, which was begun about Eight 
 of the Clock, by the Lady Mary Bnttler y 
 and the Earl of Abercorne, and ended in a 
 very handfome Banquet of Sweetmeats. Their 
 Graces were pleafed to exprefs their great Sa- 
 tisfaction for the whole Day's Solemnity, 
 which was attended with all poffible Demon- 
 flrations of the City's Duty and Loyalty to her 
 Majefty, and the higheft Refpect for his 
 Grace's Perfon and Government. 
 
 The Parliament of Ireland being appointed 
 to meet on the 21 ft ot September, all-the Lords 
 Spiritual and Temporal went to the Caftle, 
 about 10 o'Clock, to wait upon his Grace 
 the DukeofOrwoWfto the Parliament-Houfe, 
 the Spiritual Lords in their Habits, and the 
 Temporal Lords without their Robes. About 
 no' Clock his- Grace proceeded to the Houfp 
 of Peers in the following Manner, (the Streets 
 being lined with two Regiments of Foct :) 
 Viz. Trumpets, Gentlemen-Waiters, two and 
 two ; Gentlemen of the Bed-chamber, and 
 Gentlemen of the Horfe j Purfuivant, Mef- 
 fengers, Chaplains, two and twoj Secretaries; 
 Aihlone Purfuivant ; Serjeant at Arms ; Gen- 
 tlemen-Ufhers j Ulfter King at Arms j his 
 Grace's Coach ; a compleat Troop of Horfe ; 
 Lord Primate's Coach, Lord Chancellor's 
 Coach, Coches of Lords Spiritual and Tem- 
 T a poral.
 
 296 'The LIFE of We 
 
 poral. His Grace, being come to the Houfe, 
 retired into the Robing- Chamber, where he 
 ftaid until the Lords put on their Robes, and 
 went into the Houfe. Uljler King of Arms 
 delivered a Lift of the Peers to the Clerk, 
 who, being firft fworn, called over the Houfe, 
 and fwore fuch Lords as have fat in Parliament ; 
 fuch as had not, ftaid in the Robing-Rocm. 
 As foon as the Hcufe was fworn, the King at 
 Arms and the Ufher of the Black-Rod, with 
 the other Servants of the Hcufe, were alfo 
 fworn ; and then the Lords who never fat in 
 Parliament were introduced by the King 
 at Arms, and fworn. His Grace being ac- 
 quainted by the Ufher of the Black-Rod that 
 the Houfe was ready, he went to the Throne 
 in the following Manner: The Lords all 
 ftanding, nrll entered Serjeants at Arms j Gen- 
 tlemen-U fliers j. King at Arms j Sword car- 
 ried by the fecond Peer, Cap by the eldeft. 
 His Grace in the Royal Robe and Collar of 
 the Order, his Train fupported by a Peer's el- 
 deft Son, and affifted by younger Sons cf 
 Peers. While his Grace fat upon the Throne, 
 the Speaker placed himfelf at his Grace's Left- 
 hand, to receive his Command. On his 
 Right-hand ftood the Cap of Maintenance^ 
 and en his left the Sword of the State, and the 
 Serjeant at Arms. As foon as the Peers were 
 fworn, and the Commons fent for up his Grace 
 in the Royal Robes went up to the Throne,, 
 and addreiTed himfelf to both Houfes in the 
 following Speech : 
 
 May
 
 Duke of ORMONT>E. 297 
 
 .My Lords and Gentlemen^ 
 r~ |~^ H E Queen could not more effedhi- 
 ally manifeft her tender Concern for 
 you, than by calling you at this Time to 
 meet in Parliament, whereby you have an 
 Opportunity of pafling thofe gracious Bills 
 already fent over, and of making fuchothec 
 Laws as may yet be wanting for the Efta- 
 blimment of the P rot eft ant Religion, and 
 the Welfare of the Kingdom. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Houfc of Commons y 
 tc It were to be wiihed that you were *in a 
 Condition to provide for fuch Fordfica^ 
 tions as would much conduce to the Safety 
 of the Kingdom, and particularly at Lime- 
 rick^ and for building Barracks in this City, 
 and where elfe they are wanting ; but that 
 which her Majefty expects, at this Time, is 
 only that the public Debts be difcharged, 
 and the Revenue made equal to the Ex- 
 pence of the Government, which is much 
 encreafed by the Charge of the Barracks ; 
 and they are found ,fo ufeful, and fo great 
 an Eafe to the Country, that they ought 
 not to be negledled. 
 
 " I have ordered all the Accounts to be lain 
 before you, by which you willperceive, that the 
 Government has expended a very confiderable 
 Sum towards the building of Barracks, more 
 than was given by the Parliament for that 
 Purpofe ; and, when you are fully inform'd 
 of Particulars, I have no Doubt but yoij 
 T ? will
 
 498 ?fo LIFE of the 
 
 " will give her Majefty as great TefHmonies 
 <f of Refpect and Affection, as have been gi- 
 " ven to any of her Royal Predeceffors. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen^ 
 
 <c Since the Queen has done me the Honour. 
 <c to place me in this Station, as my Duty 
 " and Gratitude oblige me to ferve her Mo.- 
 ' jefty with the utmoft Diligence and Fideli- 
 " ty ; fo my Inclination and Intereft, and the 
 * c Examples of my Anceftors, are indifpenfuble 
 * f Obligations upon me to improve every Op- 
 cc portunity, the moft I can, to the Proiperity 
 " of this my Native Country. 
 
 " I have all the AfTurances that can be gi- 
 ? e ven, that the Regiments in the Weft-Indies 
 t{ on this Eftablimment fhall foon return; 
 (( and I will ufe my utmoft Endeavour, that the 
 " whole Revenue may be expended in this 
 " Kingdom. And fmcelhavenootherDefign, 
 tc but what you all aim at, the Queen's Service, 
 " and the Good of our Country, I fhall only 
 " recommend to you, that we may unite and 
 * c agree in the lame Meafures to compafs 
 " them, and that we may purfue them with 
 " that Wifdom and Temper which Matters 
 " of fuch Importance require." 
 
 The Lord Lieutenant having made his Speech, 
 and the Commons being directed to chufe a 
 Speaker and prefent him in three Days after, 
 till which Time the Parliament was adjourn'd, 
 his Grace went back to the Robing-Room af- 
 ter the fame Manner, and fo returned to the 
 
 Cajlle
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 299 
 
 Caftle attended as before, except by the Peers, 
 who remained fitting in the Houfe. The 
 Commons returned to their Houfe, and unani- 
 moufly chofe Alhn Broderick, Efq; her Maje- 
 fly's Sollicitor-General in that Kingdom, to be 
 their Speaker, who was accordingly prefented 
 and approved on the 24th. Then Mr, Speak- 
 er, and the Members prefent, took the Oaths, 
 and made .and fubfcribed both the Declaration, 
 and Oath of Abjuration, as the Lords had done 
 the firft Day of the Seffion. The firft Thing, 
 both Houfes went upon, was a dutiful and af- 
 fectionate Addrefs to his Grace j that of the 
 Lords in thefe Expreffions : 
 
 May it pkafe your Grace, 
 
 " \ \ 7 E ^ e Lorc * s s P ir * tua ^ anc * Tempo- 
 ce yV ra l> in Parliament affembled, do 
 " unanimoufly render your Grace our moft 
 " humble and hearty Thanks for your moffc 
 <c excellent Speech delivered from the Throne 
 " to both Houfes of Parliament. 
 
 " We have a juft and grateful Senfe of her 
 " Majefly's Goodnefs in calling us together at 
 " this Time ; and we cannot but admire 
 " her Majefly's Wifdom in appointing your 
 " Grace to reprefent her Royal Perfon, upon 
 " this Occafion. Since only your Grace 
 " could, in this Juncture of Difficulty and 
 Diftrefs, compofe the Minds of her People, 
 < and raife their Hopes that fome Relief is in- 
 " tended them. 
 
 T 4 !< We
 
 300 The LIFE of the 
 
 " We have an entire Confidence in your 
 tc Grace, tecaufe of your Grace's and your 
 *' moft noble Anceftors conftant Loyalty and 
 " Adherence to the Crown, and Zeal for the 
 * c Pretejiant Religion, as by Law eftabliihcd; 
 " the long Experience we have had of your 
 " generous and affectionate Inclinations to 
 < the Kingdom : and becaufe your great 
 " Intereft in it will oblige your Grace al- 
 f ways to promote the Intereft of this your 
 " Native Country. 
 
 " And we cannot omit to return our moft 
 *' humble Thanks to your Grace, for the Af- 
 " furances you have been pleafed to give us, 
 ct that the Regiments in the Weft-Indies, on 
 " this Eftablimment, mall foon return, and 
 c the Encouragement we have from your 
 " Grace to hope that the whole Revenue 
 * c of this Kingdom mail for the future be 
 * c expended in it; which is abfolutely necefTary 
 c for the Welfare thereof. 
 
 " And fince we cannot giveamoreefFecttial 
 ** Teftimony of the Honour and Efteern we 
 *' have for your Grace, than by paying all 
 ** imaginable Regard to your Advice, we af- 
 *' fure your Grace, that we (hall be always 
 ** ready to unite and agree in fuch Meaiures, 
 *' as fhall be thought expedient for her Maje- 
 *' fty's Service, and the Good of this King- 
 <c dom ; and fhall never be wanting to exprefs 
 " as much Duty, Loyalty, and Refpeit to 
 " her Majefty, as ever was done to any of 
 " her Royal PredecerTors." 
 
 fa
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 301 
 *fo which his Grace returned the following 
 
 My Lords, 
 
 " I give you Thanks for your kind Addrefs, 
 I will reprefent to the Queen your Zeal for 
 her Service, and do all the good Offices 
 with her Majefty for the Support of your 
 Lordihips and of the Kingdom." 
 
 'The Commons Addrefs was as follows : 
 
 " We her Majefty's moft faithful and 
 loyal Subjedts the Commons of Ireland, 
 in Parliament aiTembled, do render our 
 moft humble and hearty Thanks, for your 
 Grace's Speech to both Houfes of Parlia- 
 ment, and the many AfTurances given us 
 therein ; particularly that the Regiments in 
 the Weft- Indies on this Establishment will 
 be foon recalled ; and that you .will ufe 
 your Endeavours, that the whole Revenue 
 of this Kingdom mall be fpent at Home. 
 " At the fame Time we beg leave to allure 
 your Grace, that we have a deep and hearty 
 Senfe of her Majefty's Affedlion, and Re- 
 gard for the Intereft of the Kingdom, in 
 giving us this Opportunity, under your 
 Grace's Adminiftration, of making fuch 
 Laws as mall be thought neceffary for the 
 further Eftablifhment of the Protejlant 
 Religion and Welfare of this Nation. 
 
 " 'Tis
 
 302 The LIFE of the 
 
 c 'Tis with Pleafure we call to Mind the 
 ' Happinefs we enjoyed, under the prudent 
 c Adminiftration of your moft noble An- 
 
 * ceftors j and under your Grace our Hopes 
 
 * revive of enjoying the like again. 
 
 ' Your unfhaken Fidelity to the Crown, 
 ' Zeal for the Proteftant Religion and In- 
 ' tereft, Conduci and diftinguimed Bravery, 
 c upon all Occafions in the public Service, 
 
 * are fo many Honours done to this your 
 ' native Country. We are highly concerned 
 
 * that the prefent Circumftances of the King- 
 ' dom (as your Grace truly obferves) incapa- 
 ' citate us from anfwering the Exigences of 
 
 * the Public, fuitable to our Inclinations for 
 ' her Majefty's Service, the Honour and 
 ' Efteem we have for your Grace's Perfon 
 
 * and Government, and Security of this 
 ' Nation. 
 
 ' Yet we unanimoufly affure your Grace, 
 ' that the grateful Senie we have of her 
 ' Majefty's peculiar Favour to us, fhall be 
 f always manifefted in conftant Returns of 
 ' Duty and Obedience to her Majefty, and a 
 c firm Refolution to do all in our Power, 
 
 * under our prefent Circumftances, for dif- 
 
 * charging the Debts of the Nation, and de- 
 f fraying the Expences of the Eftablifhment, 
 f under the beft of Queens, and your Grace's 
 f moft happy Government.
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 303 
 His Grace's Anfuoer <was, 
 
 ' Gentlemen, 
 
 c I give you Thanks for your Addrefs, 
 which is very obliging j and will let her 
 Majefty know the Zeal you exprefs for 
 her Service : I (hall be always ready to 
 promote every Thing that may be for the 
 Honour and Intereft of this Kingdom. 
 
 c On the laft Day of September, the Com- 
 mons attended his Grace the Lord Lieute- 
 nant with an Addrefs to the Queen, wherein 
 they begged Leave to embrace this firfl Op- 
 portunity of expreffing the great Satisfaction 
 they received from her Majefty's moft hap- 
 py AccefTion to the Throne of her Royal 
 Anceftors; and to congratulate the glo- 
 rious Succefs wherewith it had pleafed God 
 to blefs her Majefty's Arms by Sea and 
 Land : Your Majefty's conftant Zeal for the 
 Protejlant Religion, as by Law eftabiifhed 
 (added they) and nncere Concern for the 
 Welfare and Happinefs of your People, 
 juftly challenge a grateful Acknowledge- 
 ment from all your Subjects ; but we of 
 this Kingdom are in a more particular Man- 
 ner fenfibie of your Royal Goodnefs and 
 Favour in placing over us a Governor, 
 whofe Conduct, Bravery, and unfliaken Loyal- 
 ty to the Crown, and tender Care for this 
 his native Country, have rendered him e- 
 qually acceptable to your Majefty, and to us. 
 We cannot but with the deepeft Concern 
 
 take
 
 304 The LIFE of the 
 
 * take Notice, to your Majefty, that our E- 
 ' nemies, by many malicious and groundlefs 
 c Calumnies, have mifreprefented us (the fad 
 4 and fevere Effedts whereof we too fenfibly 
 c feel) and efpecially as if we thought our- 
 . e felves, or defired to be, independent pf the 
 c Crown of England. 
 
 " In Duty therefore to your Majefty, and 
 " to vindicate ourfelves from fuch foul and 
 *' unworthy Afperfions, we do here declare 
 
 * and acknowledge, that the Kingdom of Ire- 
 
 * land is annexed and united to the Imperial 
 ' Crown of E?igland y and by the Laws and 
 
 * Statutes of this Kingdom is declared to be 
 ' juilly and rightfully depending upon, and 
 ' belonging, and for ever united, to the fame,, 
 * c and that it never entered into our Thoughts 
 " to wim the contrary : The Happinefs of this 
 * c Kingdom entirely depending on a Heady 
 c< Duty paid to the Crown of England ^ and a 
 " good Correfpondence with your Majefty's 
 " Subjects of that Kingdom ; and we do una- 
 " nimoufly aflure your Majefty, that we will, 
 <c to the utmoft of our Power, fupport and 
 " maintain your Majefty's rightful and lawful 
 ec Title to the Crown of this Realm and the 
 f< Succeflion in the Prctefiant Line, as the 
 " fame is fettled by Acts of Parliament in 
 " England." 
 
 The Lord Lieutenant told the Commons, 
 he would take care of fending this Addrefs tq 
 her Majefty, and that he was very glad when 
 
 'they
 
 Duke of ORMONVZ. 305 
 
 they gave him thefe Opportunities, of afiiiring 
 her Majefty of the Duty and Affection of her 
 Subjects here for her Royal Perfon and Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 On the 2d of October the' Commons re- 
 folved, that it appeared to them that John 
 Trenchard, Efc^ "James Hamilton, of Tulla- 
 more, Efq; and Henry Longford, Efq; were 
 three of the Authors of a Paragraph in a 
 Book printed at London, intitled, The Report 
 of the Commijjioners appointed by Parliament 
 to enquire into the Irifri Forfeitures, wherein 
 are thefe Words following: And indeed it does, 
 appear ; that the Freeholders of this Kingdom^ 
 through Length of Time, and by contrasting 
 new Friendfhips with the Irim, or by inter- 
 purcbafmg 'with one another, but chiefly through 
 a general DiJIike of the Difpofitions cf the 
 Forfeitures, are fear ce willing tojind any Per- 
 Jon guilty of the late Rebellion even upcn full 
 Evidence - y they alfo refolved that Mr. Tren- 
 chard and Mr. Longford had, in the fa id Pa- 
 ragraph, fcanddkujly and malicuujly mijrcpre- 
 fcnted and traduced the Proteflant Freeholders 
 of this Kingdom, and thereby endeavcured to 
 create a Mifunder ft adding and Jealoufy be- 
 tween the People of England, and the Proteftants 
 of this Kir.gdcm- } but, Mr. Hamilton being dead^ 
 the Houfe put no Queftion as to him. 
 
 Five Days after the Archbifhops ar.d Bifiops 
 of the Kingdom ^Ireland presented the folk-whig, 
 Addrefs to the Lord Lieutenant ; 
 
 4 May
 
 306 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 May it pleafe your Grace, 
 
 4 We, the Archbifhops and Bifhops of the 
 ' Church of Ireland, have received an Ad- 
 ' drefs from our Brethren the Clergy, who are 
 c come to Dublin in Obedience to her Ma- 
 ' jefty's Writ of Summons, in which they 
 
 * infift on the Church's Right to have a full 
 ( Convocation with every Parliament ; and 
 ' have earneftly intreated us to apply to your 
 c Grace, to obtain this our juft and undoubted 
 4 Right ; and to make the Meeting, to which 
 c many of them have come from the remoteft 
 c Parts of the Kingdom, effectual to the pro- 
 4 moting the Good of the Church. 
 
 c We cannot but approve of their Requcft, 
 c and humbly befeech your Grace, that you 
 c would be pleafed to lay before her Majefty 
 c this our unanimous Petition and Claim, and 
 ' to move her Majefty to iiTue the Provincial 
 
 * Writ to the feveral Archbifhops, which, 
 e according to Cuftom, have conftantly ac- 
 c companied the Premonentes Claufe in the 
 
 * Parliamentary Writs : The Bifliops and 
 
 * Clergy of this Kingdom being ambitious 
 c to owe the Reftitution of their Rights 
 
 * folely to her Majefty, by your Grace's 
 
 * Mediation. And we preTs the more earneftly 
 c for them at this Time, becaufe we are ful- 
 ' ly perfuaded, that there will be a very good 
 
 * Agreement and Unanimity amongft us all, 
 
 ' and
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 307 
 
 and alfo one united Zeal for the Glory of 
 c God, and her Majefty's Service," 
 
 - Signed, 
 
 NarciJJus Armagh, Will. Dublin^ 
 
 jo. Tuam, Rich. Meath, 
 
 mil.Clonfert^Kilmore.WilL Killala, 
 O. Dromore, St. Geo. C/ogher, 
 
 rbo. Limerick, Tbo. KiMlow, 
 
 Ed<w. Down zndConnor, S. Elphin, 
 D. Cork and Roffe, Bar. Ferns and 
 
 Cba. Crow, Cloyne. Laugblin^ 
 
 On theFirftand Second of the fame Month, 
 the Lords Spiritual and Temporal made the 
 following Addrefs to the Queen : 
 
 Moft gracious Sovereign, 
 
 ^ 7 our ^ a J e ^y' s m ^ iy a i an ^ 
 
 dutiful Subjeds, the Lords Spiritual 
 " and Temporal in Parliament aflembled, do 
 <{ offer our unfeigned Thanks to Almighty 
 <c God, for placing your Majefly upon the 
 " Throne of your Royal Anceftors, and blef- 
 c< iing us with aQu_een of fuch great Piety and 
 " Wifdom, who alone can repair the Lois of 
 " the Reftorer of our common Liberties, our 
 " late Sovereign King William of glorious 
 " Memory, and make us ft ill hope to be a 
 " flourifhing and happy People. 
 
 " Your Majefty's unparalleled Refolution, 
 
 ;c in adhering to the Prottftant Religion and 
 
 c Intereft, when Popery and Arbitrary Power 
 
 <4 had almoft overwhelmed both, muft to 
 
 3 ** yew
 
 308 Ike LIFE of the 
 
 * c your Majefty's Glory be ever remembered,' 
 * l in all the Proteftant Countries of Europe ; 
 " but more particularly in your Majefty's 
 " Kingdom of Ireland. 
 
 f< The great Care your Majefty upon all 
 " Occafionsfhewsfor the Welfare of your Peo- 
 <c pie, and your tender Commiferation of fuch 
 " of them as are in Diftrefs, do give us, of this 
 < Kingdom, Reafon to hope that we fhall al- 
 cf ways enjoy the Benefit of thofe Royal 
 " Qualities; iince we can, with the greateft 
 Truth, affirm that none of your Subjects 
 think themfelves more happy in being un- 
 der your Majefty's Government than we, 
 who are moft zealoufly devoted to your Ser- 
 vice and Intereft, and that of the Protfftftnt 
 " Religion, as by Law eftablimed. 
 
 " And we beg Leave to take this Opportu- 
 tc nhy of afTuring your Majefty, that we will, 
 " to the utmoft of our Power, fupport and 
 " defend your Majefty's Crown and Govcrn- 
 *' ment, and the SuccefTion of the fame in the 
 " Protejlant Line. And as we are fenfible 
 " that our Prefervation is owing to our being 
 " united to the Crown of England^ fo we are 
 <c convinced it would tend to our further Se- 
 ft curity and Happinefs, to have a more com- 
 '* prehenfive and entire Union with that 
 " Kingdom." 
 
 The next Day their Lordfhips wrote a Let- 
 ter to her Majefty in thefe Words :
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 309 
 
 May it pleafe your Majejiy, 
 
 WE your Majefty's moil loyal and o- 
 bedient Subjects the Lords Spiritual 
 
 and Temporal, in Parliament alTembled, do 
 (as in Duty bound) return our Praifes to 
 God, and Thanks to your Majefty, for your 
 Royal and fingular Care over, and Affection 
 towards us, fofignallymanifefted in your hap- 
 py Choice of Barnes, Duke of Ormonde^ to 
 be your Lieutenant and Chief Governor 
 over this your Majefty's Kingdom of Ire- 
 land, which hath always flourifhed under 
 the Government of his moft noble Ance- 
 ftors. 
 
 ' Never did any People ftand more in Need 
 of a Governor of fuch Heroic Virtues ; 
 and never did this Nation conceive greater 
 Hopes, of having the prefent Difficulties 
 they labour under removed, and your Ma- 
 jefty's and the Englifi Intereft of this King- 
 dom promoted, than under his Government : 
 In the Administration whereof, we doubt not 
 but his Grace will fignalize his Prudence at 
 at Home, under your Majefty's moft au- 
 fpicious Influence, as he has his military 
 Conduct Abroad, in the glorious Caufe of 
 the Liberties of Europe : And that he may 
 do fo, and that your Majefty's Reign may 
 be long and prosperous over us, {hail be the 
 conftant Prayers and Endeavours of your 
 Majefty's moft loyal, moft dutiful, and mod 
 obedient Subjects and Servants.' To which 
 
 her Majefty return'd a gracious Anfwer, nu- 
 ll polling.
 
 310 The LIFE of the 
 
 porting, e That me took vefy kindly both 
 
 * the Letter and the Addrefs of the Lords ; 
 c and that, as flie depended on their Refolu- 
 
 tion and Zeal to do her Service, fo they 
 might be affared of her Majefty 's Care of all 
 their Interefls, and her earneftDeiire to pro- 
 mote the Happinels and Welfare of that 
 Kingdom, the Security of the Proteftant 
 Religion, and the Peace and Profperity of 
 the Church, as it is by Law eftabliihed/ 
 On the 9th of Otfober, a Petition was 
 prefented to the Houfe of Commons, in behalf 
 of the Governor and Company, for making 
 Hollow Sword-Blades in England ; fetting 
 forth, ' That the faid Governor and Compa- 
 
 * ny had propofed to lend Money at Intereft, 
 f at 6 per Cent, per Annum., upon Security of 
 e Lands in Ireland., provided they might be in- 
 
 * demnified therein from the Statutes of Mor- 
 r temain ; and praying, that Heads of a Bill 
 4 might be brought in for enabling them to 
 r take the Conveyances of Lands in Ireland? 
 The Petition was read, and ordered to lie on 
 the Table, to be confidered by the Members 
 of the Houfe. The i ith Mr. Molfwortb 
 reported from the Committee of the whole 
 Houfe, appointed to take into Confideration 
 the State of the Nation, that they had come to 
 a Refolution, which was agreed unto by the 
 Houfe, that an humble Reprefentation be 
 made to her Majefty, fetting forth the pre- 
 fent diftreffed Condition of this Kingdom ; 
 
 he 
 
 -.
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 31 1 
 
 he reported alfo feveral other Refolutions as 
 Heads of the faid Reprefentation. 
 
 The fame Day Mr.^fgjil, a Member of the 
 Houfe, was heard in his Place upon an In- 
 formation that he was the Author of a Book, 
 entitled, * An Argument , proving, that^ac- 
 
 * cording to the Covenant of eternal Life, re* 
 ( sealed in the Scriptures $ Men may be tranjla- . 
 
 * ted from hence into eternal Life y without paf- 
 
 * jing through Death ^ altho' the hitman Nature 
 
 * of Chrift himfelf could net be thus tranjlated^ 
 
 * till he pajed thro' Death.' Several Witneffes 
 were examined, touching that Matter; and 
 the Houfe having heard what Mr. Afgill 
 could fay, in his own Juflification, he 
 withdreWj and then it Was immediately re- 
 folved, 'That it appeared to the Houfe , that 
 John Afgill, Efq-, Member of this Houfe ^ is the 
 Author of f be faid Book : Refolved alfo, 'That 
 John Afgill, E/<7j a Member of this Ilcufe^ be ex- 
 pelled the Houfe, and be for ever incapable of 
 being chofen, returned, or Sitting Member in 
 any fucceeding Parliament in this Kingdom, 
 
 The 1 3th, the Houfe took into farther Con- 
 iideration the Lord Lieutenant's Speech, and 
 the Supply to be granted to her Majefty, and 
 came to feveral Refolutions, which were or- 
 dered to be reported the next Day. The 1 4th, 
 the Houfe ordered Major Clayton to carry the 
 Heads of a Bill to make it High Treafon in 
 this Kingdom, * by Word or Writing, to im- 
 
 * peach the Succeflion of the Crown, as limit- 
 
 * ed b y feveral A6ls of Parliament' to his 
 
 "(f 2 Grace
 
 3 i2 TZe- LIFE of the 
 
 Grace the 'Lord Lieutenant, and defired the 
 fame might be tranfmitted into England in 
 due Form. Mr. Ludltiv reported the Refo- 
 lutions, taken the Day before in a Committee of 
 the whole Houfe on a Supply, which were una- 
 nimoufly agreed to, by the Houfe, and were, 
 c . That the Funds formerly granted by Parlia- 
 ment, and the Revenue of the Kingdom, 
 
 * were fufficient to fupport the Govern- 
 ' ment, and difcharge the Public Debts, due 
 k " to and for Michaelmas 1 703. That the Sup- 
 
 * ply, to be granted to her Majefty, be a Sum 
 e fufficient to make up the Deficiency of the 
 ' Revenue, to fupport the neceflary Branches 
 c of the Eftablifhment for two Years, 
 ' ending at Michaelmas 1705.' The Houfe 
 returned Thanks to the Committee, appointed 
 to infpect and examine the Public Accompts 
 of the Nation,, for their Care, faithful and dili- 
 gent Difcharge of the Tiuft repofed in them ; 
 where by they had faved the Kingdom the Sum 
 of 103,3687. 8- f . 4</. which by Mifreprefen- 
 tation was charged as a Debt upon the Nation. 
 And fhe faid Committee was ordered to exa- 
 mine and report to the Houfe, what Perfons 
 had been concerned in making a Reprefenta- 
 tion, that the Sum aforefaid, over and above 
 the Funds formerly granted by Parliament, 
 and the 'Revenue of this Kingdom, was ne- 
 cefTary to fupport the Government, and dif- 
 charge 'the Public Debt to and for Mickael- 
 vws_'*fj[0$. .Two Days after, 172. the i6rri, 
 the L.cTcf Lieutenant came to the Houfe of 
 
 Lords, 

 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 313 
 
 Lords, and gave the Royal Affent to three 
 Ads : The firft, For an Additional Duty of 
 Excife upon Beer, Ale, and other Liquors : 
 The fecond, For encouraging (be Importation 
 cf Iron and Staves : And the third, To pre- 
 vent Popifh Pr iefts coming into that Kingdom. 
 And on the i8th, his Grace having appointed 
 the Commons to attend him in the Caft/e,'ke 
 acquainted them with herMajefty's molt graci- 
 ous Anfwer to their laft Addrefs, which was, 
 That her Majefty was extremely pleafed ivith the 
 ^JJurance they gave her of their Duty to her, 
 and of their Affeftion and due Regard to the 
 Crown of England j that they jhould jind by 
 her Readinejs to advance the Good of that 
 Kingdom, that fie had received no ill Impref- 
 fion of them, and did not doubt, but upon all Oc- 
 cafiom they would Jhcw fuch Refpefl to her, as 
 to defcrve the Continuance of her Majefty's Fa- 
 vour to them 5 and Jhould therefore give fucb 
 Difpatch to their public Affairs, as the Condi- 
 tion of that Kingdom required. 
 
 On the Day before, Mr. Molefworth made 
 his Report from the Committee, appointed to 
 enquire into the State of the Nation j upon 
 which the Commons drew up and prefented 
 to the Lord Lieutenant a Reprefentation, to 
 be delivered to her Majefty, the Subfhnce of 
 which was, * That whereas her Majefty's 
 ' Royal Predeceflbrs, of blefTed Memory, had 
 ' always had the Glory of being Kings and 
 ' Queens of a free People, diftinguimed from, 
 ' the reil of Europe, by the eminent Privi- 
 U 3 " !e S c
 
 314. 72* LIFE of the 
 
 lege of being governed by their own Law?, 
 and of enjoying Liberties under the Domi- 
 nion of a Sovereign Prince, according to the 
 mofi equal and juil Model of Government 
 that was- ever framed : Yet the Conftitution 
 c of that Kingdom of Ireland had been of 
 
 * late greatly fhaken, the Lives, Liberties, and 
 
 * Eftates of the Subjects thereof being called 
 c in Queftion, and tried in a Manner unknown 
 ( to their Anceftors. That when they confi- 
 dered the Charge, which the Subjects of that 
 c Kingdom had been unnecefliirily put to, by 
 ' the late Truftees, in defending fuch their jujjf 
 
 * Rights and Titles, as had, after many and 
 ' expenfive Delays, been allowed by the fai4 
 f Truftees, had exceeded in Value the current 
 
 * Cafh of that Kingdom, they had but too 
 
 * great Reafon to believe, that this had been 
 ' principally occaiioned through falfe and ma^ 
 ? licious Reports, and Milreprefentations made 
 c of the Proteflants of that Kingdom by d.e- 
 ' figning and ill-meaning Men, in order to cre- 
 ' ate a Mifunderflanding between Hngfond 
 
 * and Ireland, and to promote beneficial Em- 
 c ployments for themfelves ; for altho* her 
 
 * Majefly had been graciuuily pl.eafed to afiure 
 c them, that nothing of that Kind had made 
 ? any Impreilion on her Majeily to their Pre- 
 
 * judjce ; yet they were very fenfible that that 
 
 * Nation had fufrered exceedingly tliereby in 
 
 * the Opinion of England. 
 
 ' That they could not, without the greatefb 
 9 Grkf of Heart, retted upon the great De T 
 
 cay
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 315 
 
 c cay and Lois of their Trade j that, that 
 
 * Kingdom being almoft exhaufted of its Cafh, 
 ' they hindered from earning their Livelihood, 
 
 * and from maintaining their own Manufac- 
 ' turies, their Poor were thereby become very 
 
 * numerous, efpecially the induftrious Pro* 
 e t eft ants, who, in a Country, wherein the 
 < Number and Power of the Papifts is very 
 formidable, ought, as they humbly con- 
 ' ceived, to be encouraged : That very many 
 
 * Proteftant Families had been constrained to 
 c remove out of that Kingdom, as well into 
 ' Scotland, as to the Dominions of foreign 
 
 * Princes and States: That their foreign Trade 
 
 * and its Returns were under fuch Reftridions 
 
 * and Difcpuragements, as now to become 
 ( in a Manner unprofitable, although that 
 Kingdom had of late, by its Blood and 
 ' Treafure, contributed, to lave the Planta- 
 c tion Trade to the People of England. That 
 4 the Want of holding frequent Parliaments' in 
 c Ireland had been a great Encouragement 
 
 * to evil-minded Men, who intended nothing 
 
 * but their own Gain, though accompanied 
 ' with the Ruin and Oppreffion of her Ma- 
 c jefty's good Subjects : That many Civil 
 
 * Officers were arrived at fuch a Pitch of Cor- 
 1 ruplon through Hopes of Impunity, as was 
 f inlupportable, thereby getting vaft Eftate 
 
 * in a ihort Time in a poor Country : That 
 ' others in coniiderable Employments did 
 
 * dwell and relide for the moft part out of 
 
 * that Kingdom, thereby neglecting their per- 
 
 U 4 ' fonal
 
 3 i6 The LIFE of the 
 
 * fonal Attendance on their Duties, whilft in 
 c the mean time their Offices (which in Ef- 
 ' feel: were made mere Sine-cures) were but 
 e indifferently executed, to the great Detri- 
 c ment of her Majefty's good Subjects, and 
 e the great Failure of Juftice : So that they 
 ' were fully convinced, that nothing but fre- 
 c quent Parliaments, with Permiffion for them 
 e to fit, and do the Bufmefs of the Nation, 
 e could prevent and reform fo great and no- 
 
 * tprious Abufes. That they offered to her 
 
 * Majefty's princely Confideration this their 
 c moft humble Reprefentation, with Hearts 
 full of a Senfe of their miserable Condi- 
 c tion, yet fupported with the Hopes they 
 
 * had from the aufpicious Reign of her moft 
 ' facred Majefty, not doubting her Majefty's 
 ' Care and Protection of them ; for 'twas from 
 ' her Majefty's gracious Interpofition alone 
 ' in their Favour, that they propofed to them- 
 c felves Relief from thefe their manifold 
 4 Groans and Misfortunes. And that they 
 ' could not defpair of her Majefty's Good- 
 c ncfs, extended towards them in fuch pru- 
 
 * dent and gracious Manners, as might afford 
 ' them Relief, according to the Exigence of 
 ' their Condition, by reftoring to them a full 
 
 * Enjoyment of their Conftitution, or by pro- 
 ' moting a firm and ftrict Union v/ith her 
 ' Majefty's Subjects of England, which would 
 
 * be to the Advantage of that Kingdom, no- 
 ' thing being a more certain Truth, than that 
 
 * whatever Riches Ireland can acquire, mufi 
 
 ;. '* at
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 317 
 
 c at lafl center in the Seat of the Govern- 
 * ment.' Concluding with thefe affectionate 
 Wifhes : * May the choiceft Bleffings of the 
 'great Creator and Preferver of all Things 
 constantly attend your mofl facred Majefly ; 
 may you long continue to be the choiceft 
 Bleffing of your People, and the AJfertor 
 of the Liberties of Europe j and may we, 
 your poor Subjects of Ireland, be an emi- 
 nent Inflance of your Majefly, having a 
 juft Right to that mofl glorious Title : That 
 we may heartily join with the reft of Man- 
 kind, in proclaiming that your moft ex- 
 cellent Majefly is not only the greatefl, 
 but the befl and juflefl Princefs that ever 
 reigned.' 
 
 On the 25th of Otfober, Mr. Southwell, Se- 
 cretary of State, acquainted the Houfe of Com- 
 mons by his Grace the Lord Lieutenant's 
 Command, That their Representation was a 
 Matter cf the higheft Conference j and that 
 bis Grace would take fuch Care of it, as might 
 moft conduce to the Service of the Nation. 
 The fame Day the Commons voted the fol- 
 lowing Penfions to be unnecefTary Branches of 
 the Eftablifhment : 
 
 Per Annum L s. d. 
 To the Prefbyterian Minifters in 7 
 
 Ulfter (12000000 
 
 To the Duke of Sf. Allans 800 oo ob 
 
 To the Earl of Ranelagh for 2 1 ^ 
 
 Years from the 2 5th of March\. 300.00 oo 
 
 1699 $ 
 
 To
 
 318 2/fe LIFE of the 
 
 H 
 f > 
 J 
 
 To George Rodney Bridges, 
 
 during the Life of the Earl of > 1 600 oo oo 
 
 Rocbefter 
 
 To Edward Proagers, Efq; 200 oo po 
 
 To Colonel O Donnell 500 oo oo 
 
 To Lieut. Col. Freak, of Lieut. 7 
 
 General Earle's Regiment 5 ' 12 7 J 5 c 
 To Lieut. Colonel Montargfs 273 15 oo 
 To Lieut. Col Guilam's 109 10 oo 
 
 To Major Montj&y 81 5 oo 
 
 To Lieut. Philip 36 10 oo 
 
 To the half-pay Officers 3^4 5 oo 
 
 To the Countefs of Dorchefter 5000 oo oo 
 To the Lord of St. Albam 1642 10 3-^ 
 To the Lord Vifcount Dillan 455 13 i 
 To Sir Valentine Brown 710 17 3 
 
 To the Earl of Fingall 267 i 9 
 
 To Thomas Brown 279 7 6 
 
 To Dydfy BagnalJ, Efq; 245 6 4 
 
 Total fer Annum 17634 17 { 
 
 They alfo ordered, that an Account be 
 given to the Houfe, when, and which of the 
 }ialf-pay Officers had been provided for, and 
 how they had been difpofed of; and refoived, 
 that three Acidrelles be made to the Lord 
 Lieutenant; one, that the half-pay Officers, 
 formerly (truck off, be provided for ; another, 
 {hat all Judges, Commiffioners of the Reve- 
 nues, and others, having Offices in that King* 
 dom, which required perfonal Attendance, be 
 obliged to attend or be removed $ and the 
 
 third,
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 319 
 
 diird, that effectual Care be taken, that the 
 Barracks in that Kingdom might, for the 
 future, be maintained at eafy and reafbnable 
 Rates, fo as the Undertakers might have no 
 unreafonable Salaries and Prices for the fame. 
 The next Day they granted 150,000 Pounds 
 to her Majefty tp make good the Deficiency 
 of the necelfcry Branches of the Eftablifhment, 
 for the Support of the Government, for two 
 Years commencing at Michaelmas 1703 ; and 
 the following Days proceeded on Ways and 
 Means to raife the fame. The 3Oth of Oc- 
 tober they finifhed the Heads of a Bill for 
 ficuring the Liberty of the Subject, and for 
 Prevention cf Imprifonment beyond the Seas ; 
 and ordered the faid Heads of a Bill to be 
 carried to the Lord Lieutenant, that the fame 
 might be tranfmitted into E?igland. On the 
 3d of November the Houfe being reminded, 
 that the next Day was the Birth-day of th& 
 late King William, of glorious Memory^ our 
 Deliverer from Popery and Slavery ; and that 
 the Fifth was the Commemoration for the Dif? 
 covery of the Gun-powder Treafon, they there- 
 upon adjourned to the 6th of the fame Month : 
 Upon the 8th the Commons went through 
 the Heads of a Bill for naturalizing all Pro- 
 tejlant Strangers, and ordered the fame to be 
 .carried to the Lord Lieutenant, with a Defire 
 that it might be tranfmitted to England in 
 due Form. A Fortnight after the Houfe of 
 Commons with their Speaker attended his 
 .Grace, and prefented to him Heads of a Bill
 
 320 Tte LIFE of the 
 
 to prevent the farther Growth of Popery -, and 
 alfo Heads of another Bill to encourage the 
 Linnen Manufacture of that Kingdom^ and an 
 Addrefs of the Houfe of Commons to her 
 Majefty. 
 
 On this Occafion, the Speaker made a 
 Speech to the Lord Lieutenant, importing 
 ' That they looked on the firft of thefe 
 ' two Bills to be of fuch Importance to their 
 c future Well-being, that they had begged 
 ' Leave to attend his Grace in a Body with 
 ' it, and not fend it as in Cafes of lefs Weight 
 e is. ufual, by particular Members ; that the 
 ' Oppofition conftantly made in 'England by 
 ' the Papifts of Ireland^ againft whatever 
 ' might tend to the Security of her Majefty's 
 1 Proteftant Subjects, induced the Commons 
 ' to lay thefe Heads of a Bill in this folemn 
 1 Manner before his Grace. That they thought 
 
 * it now more particularly neceffary, being 
 ' well informed and fully convinced, that great 
 c Sums of Money had been lately raifed 
 ' among them to oppofe the Failing a Bill 
 ' of this Nature in England : Yet they doubt- 
 ' ed not, but the Weight of the Thing, and 
 ' Juftice of their Defires, would be fo effec- 
 1 tually lain before her Majefly, by his Grace, 
 ' that all Obftacles would be furmounted, and 
 ' an Opportunity given them of alTeriting to 
 
 * the Faffing into a Law, what they con- 
 c ceived would be the greater! Security to the 
 c Prcteflant Religion and Intereft there. That 
 ' they had alfo framed and agreed to the 
 
 Heads
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 321 
 
 Heads of a Bill for the Improvement of the 
 Lumen Manufacture, which they conceived, 
 in Time, might become ufeful to that King- 
 dom, if Liberty mould be given them to 
 tranfport the Linnen Manufacture thereof, 
 directly to the Plantations; but would other- 
 wife be deftruclive to the fame. That to 
 obtain fuch Liberty they had framed an 
 humble Addrefs to her Majefty, and relied 
 on her great Goodnefs to, and Care of, her 
 diftreffed People of that Kingdom. That 
 her Majefty would be pleafed gracioufiy to 
 interpoie in their Favour with die Parlia- 
 ment of England, that fuch Freedom 
 might be allowed them : as one of the 
 Encouragements, which had induced them 
 to believe they fhould on their going 
 into the Linnen Trade, were the Ad- 
 drefles of the Lords and Commons of 
 England ', which AddrefTes they prayed his 
 Grace to lay before her Majefty.' There- 
 upon the Lord Lieutenant aflufed them, 
 *Tbat be would take Care to tranjmit thefe two 
 Bills , which were fo much for the Intercft of 
 the Nation, and recommend them in the moft 
 effectual Manner, according to their Dejire, and 
 do all that was in his Power, to prevent the 
 Growth of Popery. Three Days after the Com- 
 mons voted a Book, printed and publifhed by 
 Brocas and Moluwy, entituled, The Memoirs 
 of the late King James ibe lid, &c. feditious, 
 and ordered it to be burnt by the Hands of the 
 common Hangman at the Exchange and before 
 ? the
 
 322 The LIFE of the 
 
 the Parliament-houfe. They alfo ordered that 
 Brocas the Printer, Moloany the Bookfeller, 
 and one Euftace, who brought the faid Me- 
 moirs of King James from England^ and gave 
 them to Mohany to print, to be profecuted by 
 the Attorney-General. When the Motion 
 was made for burning the Book and prole-* 
 cuting the Printer, a Speech was made by a: 
 Member, fetting forth the great Danger the 
 Proteftants were in, in fome Parts of Ireland, 
 particularly the County of Limerick, where the 
 Irijh were beginning to form themfelves into 1 
 Bodies, and to plunder the Proteftants of 
 their Arms and Money ; and that the Dif- 
 afTected here held a Correfpondence with 
 thofe in England, and were not out of Hopes 
 of reftoring the pretended Prince of Wales. 
 Whereupon the Houfe refolved, that it ap- 
 peared to them, that the Papi/fs of that 
 
 * Kingdom ftill retained Hopes of the Coming 
 c in of the Perfon, who went by the Name of 
 ' the Prince of Wales, in the Life of the late 
 
 * King James, and now by the Name of James 
 < the Hid.' The fame Day Mr. Secretary 
 Southwell informed the Houfe of Commons, 
 That he was commanded by his Grace the 
 Lord Lieutenant, to acquaint the Houfe, 
 that it was his Grace's Pleafure, that the 
 Houfe mould adjourn itfelf till the nth 
 of 'January next ; which was accordingly 
 done. 
 
 Her 
 
 f >-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE * 323, 
 
 Her Majefty's Birth-Day was folemnized in 
 Ireland with great Pomp, and univerfal Joy 5 
 particularly in the City of Dublin, where, ort 
 the 6th of February, the Nobility and Gentry, 
 (hen in Town, waited on the Duke of Or- 
 monde, Lord Lieutenant, at the Caftle, and 
 from thence attended his Grace in great State*- 
 to Chrtft-Church, where a Sermon was preach- 
 ed by the Lord Bifhop of Down and Connor. 
 His Grace afterwards returned in like Manner 
 to the Co/tie, and gave the Company a very fplen- 
 did Entertainment, the great Guns round thd 
 Caftle being thrice fired, and three Vollies by the 
 Regiments on Foot, at her Majefty's Health. 
 The next Day her Grace the Dutchefs of O- 
 mmde invited all the Ladies to a Play in the 
 Evening, and from thence his Grace carried 
 them to St. Stephen's Green y to fee the Fire- 
 works made on this Occalion ; which being 
 ended, the Company returned to the Caftle -, 
 and after a very noble Supper, where none but 
 the Duke and Dutchefs and the Ladies fat, the 
 Remainder of the Night was concluded with a 
 Ball, and in the City with Bonfires, Illumina- 
 tions, Ringing of Bells, and other Demonftra- 
 tions of Public Joy and Satisfaction fuitable 
 to the Day. 
 
 A few Days after the Arcbbifiops, 
 and the re/I of the Clergy of Ireland, pre 
 following Addrefs to the Duke of Ormonde, t* 
 tx transmitted to her Majefty: 
 
 We
 
 324. 7Ae LIFE of the 
 
 c We your Majefty's moft dutiful and loyal 
 c Subjects, the Archbifhops, Bifhops, and the 
 4 reft of the Clergy in Ireland^ in Convoca- 
 c tion afiembled, do with all Humility adore 
 c the Goodnefs of God, in placing your Ma- 
 
 * jefty on the Throne of your Royal Ance- 
 c ftors, to be in a more efpecial Manner the 
 e Defender of the Faith, and the Protector of 
 c the eftablimed Church ; for as in a lefs emi- 
 c nent Station, even in difficult Times, your 
 c Majefty recommended unto all an exact 
 c Conformity to its Doctrine and Difcipline, 
 1 by your Princely Example, fo, ever fince 
 ' your Acceffion to the Crown, you have 
 c made it your chief Care to fupport its Ho- 
 c nour by your Royal Authority. 
 
 ' And we humbly beg Leave at this prefent 
 ( Juncture to declare our Gratitude to your 
 c Majefty for reftoring to us, after fo long a Dif- 
 
 * continuance, our Right of aflembling in a 
 1 National Convocation, being fully perfwaded 
 ' that this public Inftance, of your Royal Ju- 
 c ftice, will be no inconfiderable Addition to 
 c the other Glories of your Majefty's Reign. 
 
 c And we further hold ourfelves obliged to 
 ' exprefs the great Satisfaction, we all receive, 
 c in your Majefty's appointing his Grace the 
 
 * Duke of Qrirffitutt, to be Governor of this 
 ( Kingdom, whofe Inclinations will lead him 
 
 * to confult the Welfare of his native Country, 
 ' and whofe hereditary Zeal for the Church, 
 c by Law eftabliilied, will engage him to de- 
 
 * fend its Rights and promote its Intereft. 
 
 1 That
 
 D-uke cf ORMONDE. 325 
 
 * That as we are now affembled in a national 
 Synod, with a ftedfaft Refolution to alTcrt 
 and maintain the Truth of the Chriftian 
 Faith, againft all unrcafonable and wicked 
 Men, and to eftablim in the Minds of thofe 
 committed to our Charge a firm Belief of its 
 holy Doctrines, fo we allure your Majefty, 
 that we will employ our utmoft Care and 
 Diligence, to oblige them to a confcientious 
 Obfervance of its holy Precepts, and parti- 
 cularly to perfwade them to exprefs the Sin- 
 cerity of their Religion, by paying all due 
 Honour to your Majefty's Perfon, by a 
 chearful and fleady Obedience to your Go- 
 vernment. 
 
 4 And we humbly befeech Almighty God 
 to blefs your jVlajefty with good Succefs in 
 all your Councils and Undertakings, and to 
 reward your pious Endeavours, for fuppref- 
 lingthe Growth of Prophanefs and Immora- 
 lity, and for promoting the Peace of Europe 
 and the Profperity of your Subjects, with e- 
 ternal Happinefs. 
 
 hat illuftrious and reverend Affembly prefent- 
 f ed at the fame c Time^ the fdlvwtng Addrefs 
 
 hat 
 ed 
 Grace the Lord Lieutenant : 
 
 ' We the Archbimops, and Bifhops, and 
 the reft of the Clergy of Ireland^ in Convo- 
 cation affembled, do with all Gratitude ac- 
 knowledge, that as your moil noble Ance^ 
 ftors, have always diftinguifhed themfelves, 
 X ^b
 
 326 "The LIFE of tie 
 
 1 by efpoufing the Intereft of the Church a; 
 
 e by Law eftablifhed, fo it is your Grace's pe- 
 
 * culiar Glory, to have been the Inftrument 
 4 of retrieving our ancient Right of meeting 
 < with every Parliament in a national Convo- 
 e cation. 
 
 c All good Men obferve, with great Con- 
 c cern, that the Chriftian Faith has, in this, 
 1 as well as former Ages, been corrupted by 
 c Herefies ; and the Difcipline of the Church 
 e very much weaken* d by licentious Practices 5 
 
 * and rejoice to fee this Synod conven'd, in 
 which we hope proper Remedies will be ap- 
 c plied, for the Cure of thofe Evils, accord- 
 
 * ing to the Examples of primitive Times. 
 
 c We refolve by God's Grace to manage our 
 
 * Debates with Unanimity, Temper, and 
 
 * prudent Zeal ; and to have no other View 
 ' in our Seffions, but the Glory of God, and 
 e the Good of his Church ; being afliired we 
 *' mall thereby recommend ourfelves to the 
 Continuance of her Majefty's Protection, 
 ' and your Grace's Favour. 
 
 / Not many Days after r the two Houfes of Par- 
 * llament in Ireland delivered the two follow- 
 c ing Addrejfes, to his Grace the Duke of 
 c Ormonde to be tranmitted to her Majejly, 
 ' T/jat of the Lords was. asjo!/o<ws : 
 
 ' We your Majefty's mofl dutiful and loyal- 
 
 c Subjects, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, 
 
 . : in Parliament affembled, out of a grateful 
 
 * Senfc
 
 Duke of ORMOND&. 327 
 
 * Senfe of the many BlefTings we receive by 
 
 * your wife and juft Adminiftration at Home, 
 
 * and the profperous Succefs of your Arms 
 
 * Abroad, humbly beg Leave to declare our 
 
 * Deteftation of the pernicious Defigns, which 
 
 * have lately been carried on in Scotland, by 
 EmifTaries from France^ to difturb the Hap- 
 c pinefsof your glorious Reign. 
 
 ' And we afTure your Majefty that we will 
 
 * at all Times ufe out utmoft Care to prevent, 
 
 * and our moft hearty Endeavours to defeat, 
 ' all traiterous Confpiracies againft your Ma- 
 ' jefty, and to defend your Royal Perfon and 
 
 * Government, and maintain the SucceiTion 
 
 * in the Proteftant Line as limited by Law, 
 
 * againft all Oppoiers. 
 
 c And lince your Majefty has been pleafed 
 
 * to exprefs a juft Concern for the Prefervation 
 
 * of the Monarchy, and a zealous Regard to 
 ' the Welfare of the eftabMied Church ; we 
 
 * further declare our unanimous Refolution of 
 4 affifting your Majefty in tranfmitting them 
 c fecurely fettled to all Pofterity, being fully 
 ' perfuaded that, as the one is the moft happy 
 
 * Form of Government, fo the other is the 
 f beft conftituted Church in the World. 
 
 *be Commons Addrefs runs thus : 
 
 Moft gracious Sovereign, 
 ' Tl[ T E your Majefty 's moft dutiful and 
 
 * - \ V loyal Subjects, the Commons in 
 
 * Parliament affembled, moft humbly beg 
 
 X 2 * Leave
 
 328 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 ( Leave to congratulate your Majefty upon the 
 4 happy Difcovery of the late pernicious 
 4 Practices carried on in Scotland, by the E- 
 
 * mifTaries of 'France^ againft your Majefty's 
 4 Government, and the Peace of your King- 
 4 dom. 
 
 4 We lie under fo high Obligations to your 
 ' Majefty, and are fo much interefted in the 
 4 Prefervation cf yourRoyalPcrfon andGovern- 
 4 ment, that we mould be wanting to ourfelves, 
 4 if, on this and all other Occafions, we mould 
 4 not exprefs our utter Abhorrence of all Plots 
 
 * and Confpiracies againft a Queen fo gracious 
 4 and fojuftly entitled to the Love of her Sub- 
 4 jects; and we humbly befeech your Majefty 
 
 * to accept our moft fincere Aflbrance, that we 
 4 will, to the utmoft of our Power, affift and 
 4 fupport your Majefty and your Government 
 4 againft all your open and fecret Enemies, 
 4 maintain the Succeffion of the Crown, as 
 c fettled in the Proteftant Line, and the 
 c Church of Ireland^ as by Law eftablifhed. 
 
 The Seffion of the Parliament drawing to 
 an End, the two Hcufes of Parliament at- 
 tended his Grace the Lord Lieutenant with 
 their refpeclive AddrefTes to the Queen, ac- 
 knowledging her Majefty 's tender Care for 
 this her Kingdom of Ireland^ and for thofe 
 happy Effects of her Majefty 's great Wif- 
 dom and Goodnefs, the many excellent l^ills 
 by her Order transmitted to them, particu- 
 larly thofe for preventing the further Growth 
 of Pcpery, Adding, 4 that, as they doubted 
 
 ' not
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 329 
 
 not but thefe good Laws would advance the 
 Profperity of the Englifo Intereft in that 
 Kingdom ; fo they thought themfelves o- 
 bliged in Gratitude and Duty to allure her 
 Majefty, that they would contribute all they 
 could to thofe glorious Ends j that they and 
 their Pofterity might celebrate her Majefty's 
 Reign, which had been diftinguifhed byfuch 
 effectual Marks of her Royal Favour, and 
 which they earneftly prayed might be long 
 and happy over, them ; and moreover that they 
 would fupport and maintain her Royal Per- 
 fon and Government, the Proteftant Suc- 
 ceffion as fettled by Acts of Parliament in 
 England, and the Church of Ireland as by 
 Law eftablifhed.' Both Houfes at the fame 
 Time, in two other AddrefTes to the Lord Lieu- 
 tenant, acknowledged and congratulated the 
 good Effects of his Grace's indefatigable Ap- 
 plication, as well in the framing as in obtain- 
 ing the Return of the many good Bills from 
 her Majefty, now ready for the Royal Afient; 
 and they were fo fenfible of the great Part 
 his Grace had in the difpenfing thefe Favours 
 to them, that as they were obliged by Inte- 
 reft and Duty to fupport her Majefty's 
 Crown and Dignity, fo they mould always 
 endeavour to contribute to his Grace's Ho- 
 nour and Eafe in the Adminiftration of that 
 Government. When we recolleft ( added 
 the Commons in their Addrefs ) The 
 
 * honourable Part your moft noble Grandfa- 
 
 * ther had in the Settlement of the Proteftant 
 
 X 3 ' lawrrft
 
 30 3& LIFE of tie 
 
 c Intereft in this Kingdom, we cannot but 
 e congratulate your Grace's greater Glory and 
 c Fidelity, in being the Inftrument, under her 
 ( Majefty, of giving a more lafting Security 
 ( to the Protejlant Religion, than ever it had 
 6 fince the Reformation. 
 1 c The Experience we had of your Grace's 
 c Goodnefs to us, does juftly encourage us to 
 c befeech your Grace, to reprefent to her Ma- 
 jefty the State of this Kingdom, the Diffi- 
 c culties we lie under, and the Zeal we have 
 ' mewn this Seffion to fupport her Majefty's 
 c Government to the utmoft of our Power, 
 ' and to continue your generous Inflances in 
 c our Favour ; that this Nation may be ren- 
 c dered entirely happy, in her Majefty's moft 
 e aufpicious Reign, and under your Grace's 
 * Adminiftration.' 
 
 On the 4th of March his Grace came with 
 the ufual Formalities to the Houfe of Peers ; 
 and, the Commons being fent for up, his 
 Grace gave the Royal Afient to 24 public and 
 private Acts : 
 
 An Atl for continuing the additional Duty 
 on Beer, Alt\ and other Liquors ; and for grant- 
 ing an additional Duty on 'Tobacco, and federal 
 other Goods and Merchandizes ; andalfo a Tax 
 of four Shillings in the Pound on fever al Pen- 
 Jions and Grants therein mentioned j and for 
 Building cf Barracks in the City / Dublin. 
 
 An AcJ to make it High Treafon in this 
 Kingdom to impeach the Succeffion of the Crown, 
 as limited by- federal Aft s of Parliament. An 
 
 Aft
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 331 
 
 Aft l to prevent the further Growth of Popery. 
 An Aft to prohibit Butchers from being Gra- 
 -ziers, and to redrefs federal Abufes in buying 
 and felling Cattle ', and in the Jlaughtering and 
 packing of Beef fallow, and Hides. An Aft 
 for Regijiring the Pcpijh Clergy in this King- 
 dom. An Aft for naturalizing all Protejlant 
 Stranger sin this Kingdom. An Aft for redu- 
 cing the Inter eft of Money to Right per Cent. 
 Civil Bills. An Aft for quieting Pojfejfions, and 
 difpofmg the undifpofed and Plus Acres. An Aft 
 for quieting Ecclejiaftical Perfons in their Pof- 
 fejfitns. An Aft for the Exchange of Glebes, 
 belonging to Churches in this Kingdom. An Aft 
 for reviving an A ft for taking away the Benefit 
 of Clergy in feme Cafes, and for transporting 
 Felons. An Aft for building federal Parijh 
 Churches in more convenient Places. An Aft to 
 fupply the Defeft in an Aft paffed in the feventh 
 Tear of the late King William, intitled, An 
 A6t for thebetter regulating of Meafures in and 
 throughout this Kingdom. An Aft for conti- 
 nuing two Afts againjl Tories, Robber s> and 
 'Rapparees, and to ten private Acts. 
 
 After which his Grace made the following 
 Speech to both Houfes : 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen, 
 * It is with great Satisfaction that I can 
 c at the End of "this Seifion fry, that I have 
 
 * performed what I prom i fed in the Begin- 
 ' ing; but the Succeis of my Endeavours, 
 
 * which you have expreffed in your Ad- 
 
 X 4 ' drcflcs,
 
 332 The LIFE of the 
 
 c drefTes, muft be folely attributed to her 
 c Majefty, whofe extraordinary Goodnefs has 
 ( given you fo many and fo good Laws in. 
 
 * this Seffion of Parliament. 
 
 ' Her Majefty has,, by the A 6t concerning 
 c Plus Acres , parted with her own Property to 
 
 * enlarge and fecure yours : And, by the Adts 
 
 * to prevent the further Growth of Popery, has,. 
 ' asfarasin her lies, eftablimed your Religion 
 for the Time to come. 
 
 ' I will not fail t reprefent to her Majefty , 
 4 that the faithful Commons of Ireland^ out 
 ' of their Ze al to her Service, and in Return 
 
 * of thfcfe Royal Condefcenfions, have chear- 
 
 * fully given her Majefty as great a Supply 
 1 as the prefent Circumftances of their Condi- 
 c tion would permit. 
 
 ' It were indeed to be wifhed, that you 
 
 * Gentlemen of the Houfe of Commons could 
 c have now provided for what is ftill owing to 
 c the Civil and Military Lifts; and the rather, 
 
 * becaufe the Arrears (a State of which the 
 4 Commiflioners of the Revenue were order'd 
 ' by me to lay before you at the Opening of this 
 
 * Parliament) muft be applied to make good 
 
 * the Deficiencies of the current Year, as hasbeen 
 c done in former Governments. But I hope 
 c our next Meeting will give you an Oppor- 
 c tunity of providing for itj and that the Suc- 
 e cefs of her Majesty's Arms in themeanTime 
 ' may put, you into fuch Circumftances as 
 ' may render it eafy to you. 
 
 My
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 333 
 
 - My Lords and Gentlemen, 
 ' As I will upon all Occafions faithfully re- 
 
 * prefent to the Queen a true State of this 
 
 * kingdom, and in the moft effectual Manner 
 
 * recommend it to her Majefty, for the Con- 
 
 * tinuance of her Grace and Favour, fo I moft 
 earneftly recommend to you that on your 
 Parts, and in your feveral Countries, you 
 take fuch Care of the Public Peace, and the 
 Execution of the good Laws already made, 
 that we may reap all the Benefit of her Ma- 
 jefty's moft happy Government/ 
 
 And then his Grace, according to the Orders 
 he had received from England, prorogued the 
 Parliament to the ^d of October next. 
 
 His Grace having given the neceflary Di- 
 rections for the Government of lreland y and 
 the Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Mount Alex- 
 ander, and Lieutenant-General Erie being ap- 
 pointed Lords Juftices, his Grace embarked 
 for England, about the middle of March, and 
 arrived in good Health at Chefter the22d, and 
 from thence proceeded towards London ; where 
 he arrived the ayth, being met feveral Miles 
 out of Town by a great Number of Perfons of 
 Quality. 
 
 On the 7th of September, being appointed by 
 the Qu^en a Day of public Thankfgiving 
 throughout the Kingdom of England for the 
 Victory of Hcch/let, the- Duke of Ormonde, at- 
 tended her Majefty in Proceffion to the Ca- 
 thedral Church of St. Paul's. 
 
 On
 
 334 72 LIFE of tie- 
 
 On the 1 4th of QBober, her Majefty being 
 then at ffattdfir, his Grace the Duke of Or- 
 mondc, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, prefented 
 the following Addrefs from the County of 
 the Town of Drogheda to her Majefty : 
 
 The humble Addrefs of the Mayor, She- 
 riff, BurgefTes, and Commons of your Ma- 
 iefly's ancient County of the Town of Drog- 
 ~heda, in your Kingdom of Ireland. 
 
 Mojl gracious Sovereign, 
 
 4 We your Majefty's moft dutiful and loyal 
 e Subjects, being highly fenfible of the won- 
 
 * derful Bleffings, that God hath been pleafed 
 c to fignalize to your Majefty, in the extraor- 
 c -dinary Succefs he hath given to your Arms 
 ' and thofe of your Allies, under the Conduct 
 * of your Captain-General, his Grace the Duke 
 of Marlborottgh, by the obtaining two fuch 
 
 * glorious Victories in Germany, over the 
 
 * French King, who thought his Armies in- 
 
 * vincible. 
 
 c We do therefore moil humbly offer up our 
 
 1 mofl hearty Thanks and Praifes to Almighty 
 
 < God, and adore his divine Providence, that 
 
 * he hath been pleafed to preferve, and raife 
 
 * up your facred Majefty to be the glorious 
 
 * Inftrument in his Hand to reduce that am- 
 
 * bitious Monarch. 
 
 ' And we mofl humbly crave Leave to afTure 
 ' your Majefty, That it is, and ever fhall be, 
 ' our hearty Prayers to Almighty God, that 
 
 * he will continue his Favour to your Majefty, 
 
 and
 
 Dule of ORMONDE* 335 
 
 c and crown you with Succefs in your Un- 
 c dertakings, that you may live long to govern 
 c thefe Kingdoms, to hold the Ballance of 
 Europe, to be the Preferver and Protestor 
 of the Reformed Religion Abroad, and of the 
 Churches of England and Ireland, as by 
 Law eftablifhed at Home. 
 " And we moft humbly crave leave to 
 affure your Majefty, that we mall be al- 
 ways ready, with our Lives and Fortunes, to 
 fland by and affift your Majefty, to the ut- 
 moft of our Power, in the Defence of your 
 Majefty 's moft Sacred Perfon and Govern- 
 ment, the Eftablifhed Religion, and the 
 P rot eft ant Succeffion.' 
 In Teftimony whereof we have hereunto 
 affixed our Common Seal, the 26. Day of 
 October ', 1704. 
 
 His Grace moreover introduced Sir Jeffrey 
 Jeffreys, who preiented her Majefty an Ad- 
 drefs from the Town of Brecon. 
 
 Oflober the 2zd, the Duke of Ormonde pre^ 
 fented to her Majefty an Addrefs of the High- 
 Sheriff, Juftices of the Peace, Grand Jury, 
 Gentlemen, and Freeholders of the County of 
 Longford, at the General Quarter Seftions of 
 the Peace held for the laid County, the ^th 
 Day of Oftober, 1704 ; alfo an Addrefs of 
 the Sovereign, Recorder, Bayliffs, Burgefles, 
 and Freemen of the Corporation of Longford, 
 in tlie Kingdom of Ireland. One from the 
 Mayor, Recorder, Aldermen, Sheriffs, and 
 Citizens of her Majefty's City of Water ford, 
 jft the Kindom of Ireland. Novem-
 
 336 tte LIFE of the 
 
 November 1 5, his Grace embarked at 
 %?ad y and fet Sail about Twelve that Night, 
 and landed in Ireland the next Day about 
 Noon. His Grace was received at Rings-end, 
 by an extraordinary Number of the Nobility, 
 and Gentry in thier Coaches, and was met 
 at Lazy -hi HI by the Lord- May or, Recorder, 
 and Aldermen of Dublin : The Streets were 
 lined from the lower End of Lazy-hill to the 
 Cajiky by two Regiments of the Army, and 
 as many of the City Militia ; the great Guns 
 were fired, and there was Ringing of Bells, 
 and all other Demonflrations of Public Joy, 
 for his Grace's fafe Arrival. 
 
 On the 2 8th of January, his Grace iiTued 
 a Proclamation, giving Notice to the Mem- 
 bers of both Houfes of the Parliament of this 
 Kingdom, that, whereas it was prorogued to 
 the i oth of the next Month, his Grace had 
 thought fit that it mould then meet, and pro- 
 ceed upon Bufinefs. Accordingly the Parlia- 
 ment met on the i oth of February, and the 
 Duke of Ormonde, Lord Lieutenant, being 
 come to the Houfe of Peers, attended by the 
 great Officers of State, the Peers, Officers at 
 Arms, &c. fent for the Houfe of Commons, 
 and made the following Speech to both Houfes: 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen, 
 
 * You gave me Reafon to believe, when I 
 c put an End to the laft Seflion, that the 
 ' many good Bills that were then patted gave 
 ' entire Satisfaction ; and as I have fince per- 
 
 formed
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 337 
 
 formed the Promife I then made you, to re- 
 prefent to her Majefty the true State of this 
 Kingdom, and with what Chearfulnefs her 
 faithful Commons gave fuch Supplies as 
 their Circumftances would then permit ;' fo 
 I am now to affure you, her Majefty is fully 
 fatisfied of the Loyalty and good Affec- 
 tions of her Subjects here, and therefore de- 
 pends upon your having always the fame 
 good Difpoiition to fupport her Government; 
 and that you will never want the Regard 
 you ought to have for our common Safety. 
 * Her Majefty is fenlible of the prefent ill 
 Condition of Trade, and though that : be 
 chiefly owing to the War, and cannot be 
 entirely removed until the farther Succefs 
 of her victorious Arms forces her Enemies 
 to an honourable Peace j yet I have Realba 
 to hope, that we fhall foon find the good 
 Effects of her Majefty's gracious Endeavdurs 
 for our Relief.' 
 
 Gentlemen of the Hoitfe of Commons, 
 c Her Majefty's Honour and the Interefl 
 of this Kingdom are fo much concerned in 
 the punctual Payment of the Army, and 
 the other neceffary Charges of the Govern- 
 ment, that I cannot doubt, but you will 
 make a fuitable Provifion for the fame. And 
 that you may have a perfect View of what 
 is owing by the Queen to her Eftablim- 
 ment, and what may be expected out of 
 4 die Several Branches of the Revenue} I have 
 
 * ordered
 
 338 The LIFE of tie 
 
 ' ordered the proper Officers to lay their Ac-* 
 
 * counts before you 5 which when you have 
 ' confidered, you will find that the Arrears 
 e of the preceding Year, muft always be 
 
 * applied to make good the Payments of the 
 c prefent Year, and that in this Time of War 
 ' and Danger, there is a Neceffity of having 
 
 * Money in the Treafury> to anfwer fudden 
 
 * Emergencies. 
 
 c It will likewife be very well worth your 
 c Confideration, that Care be taken of tha 
 ' Fortifications, and of fuch a Supply of Arms, 
 c and Ammunition, as may fecure the Public 
 c from aliy Infult of our Enemies.' 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen^ 
 * I have nothing more to recommend to 
 you, but that you will make ufe of this fa- 
 vourable Opportunity, that her Majefty has 
 been gracioufly pleafed to allow you, to con- 
 lider of fuch Laws as may be further ne- 
 cefiary for the publick Peace and Profperity ; 
 and that you will chearfully concur in 
 bringing this Seffion to fuch a happy Con- 
 clufion, as may be for the Honour of her 
 Majefty and good of this Nation.' 
 A Week after, both Houfes feverally attended 
 his Grace with their Addrefies to her Ma- 
 jefty, and with an Addrefs of Thanks from 
 each Houfe, to his Grace, for his Speech to 
 them from the Throne. The Duke of Or- 
 monde did immediately tranfmit the. firft into
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 "England^ and the fame was preferred to the 
 Queen, by Mr. Secretary Hedges t the 23d 
 of February. The Addrefs of the Lords was 
 as follows : 
 
 * We your Majefty's moil loyal and dutiful 
 ' Subjects, the Lords Spiritual and Temporal 
 
 * in Parliament affembled, do humbly congra- 
 ' tulate the glorious Victory obtained by your 
 c Majefty's Forces, in Conjunction with thofe 
 e of your Allies, under the Command of the 
 
 * Duke of Marlborough -, and we adore the 
 4 Goodnefs of God, for the. many great Suc- 
 1 ceffes, with which he has bleffed your Ma- 
 c jefty's Arms, fmce your happy Acceffion 
 ' to the Throne. 
 
 c We are highly fenfible how much we 
 ' owe to your Majefty, for thofe many good 
 c Laws, you were graciouily pleafed to give 
 the Royal Affent to, the laft Sefilonj and we 
 
 * efteem it our greateft Happinefs, that we 
 
 * have a Queen, whofe Delight is in the Safe- 
 
 * ty and Prosperity of her People, and who 
 
 * daily mews fuch tender Care of them. 
 
 We allure your Majefty of our unmaken 
 c Fidelity to your Perfon, Crown, and Go- 
 : vernment; and as we are infeparably an- 
 c nexed to the Imperial Crown of England ^ 
 
 * fo we are reiolved to oppofe all Attempt?, 
 ' that may be made by Scotland^ or any other 
 
 * Nation whatfoever, to divide us from it, 
 
 * or defeat the Succeflion of the Prtieftant 
 
 * Line, as limited by feveral A6ts of Parlia- 
 
 ' c We
 
 340 The LIFE of the 
 
 ' We beieech Almighty God, that your 
 ' Majefty may live many Years, and always 
 c enjoy the Pieaiure of ruling in the Hearts 
 c of your Subjects j and that you may be the 
 
 * glorious Inftrument of relieving our Pro- 
 teftant Brethren Abroad, of procuring the 
 ' Peace, and afferting the Liberty of Europe ; 
 c and that you may long continue the Sup- 
 f port and Ornament of our Eftablifhed Church, 
 
 * for all which you have fhewn fuch a Princely 
 c Concern. 
 
 To which Addrefs her Majefty was gra- 
 cioufly pleafed to return the following Anfwer: 
 
 ANNA. 
 
 Her Majefly receives, with great Satisfaction, 
 the affectionate Exprejjions of Loyalty and Duty 
 in the Addrefs of the Houfe of Lords ; and they 
 may be ajjured of her conftant Care and Con- 
 cern for the Happinefs and Profperity of the 
 Kingdom* 
 
 The Addrefs of the Commons runs thus ; 
 
 Moft gracious Sovereign^ 
 * We your Majefty's moll dutiful and 
 
 * loyal Subjects, the Commons of Ireland in 
 Parliament aflembled, do moft liumbly lay 
 hold of this Opportunity, given us by your 
 Majefty's Grace and Favour, to congratulate 
 the glorious Succefles obtained by the Arms 
 of your Majefty and your Allies by Sea 
 and Land j more particularly thofe under 
 
 ' the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 341 
 
 * the Conduct and Bravery of his Grace the 
 4 Duke of Marlborough, by which your Ma- 
 4 jefty has in a great Meafure fecured not 
 4 only the Peace and Happinefs of your own 
 4 Subjects, but the Liberties of Europe againft 
 4 the reftlefs Attempts and Invafions of the 
 
 * French King. 
 
 4 And we humbly befeech your moft Sacred 
 4 Majefty, to accept our fincere and hearty 
 4 Thanks and Acknowledgments for your 
 4 Majefty's gracious Interpofition with your 
 4 Parliament of England, in Favour of this 
 4 Kingdom, towards our Relief, in the pre- 
 4 fent Difficulties we labour under, humbly 
 4 imploring the Continuance of your Majefty's 
 4 Grace and Goodnefs to us. 
 
 4 And we beg Leave to allure your Majefty, 
 
 * that your faithful Commons will fupport 
 4 your Majefty's Government, and the Church 
 4 of Ireland, as by Law eftabliihed, to the ut- 
 4 moft of their Power. 
 
 4 And in Cafe any Difference {hall rife, 
 4 between England and Scotland, will moft 
 4 firmly adhere to the Imperial Crown of 
 4 England, in maintaining the Succeffion in 
 
 * the Proteftant Line, as the fame is fettled 
 4 by the Ads of Parliament made in England, 
 
 * againft all Perfons who {hall attempt to dif- 
 4 unite your Majefty's Kingdoms, or to own 
 4 or receive any other Succefibrs in any of 
 4 them, than inch Perfons to whom the Suc- 
 
 Y 4 ccfiion
 
 77je LIFE of tie 
 
 c ceffion of the Crown, is by thefaid Acts 
 c limited and appointed.' 
 
 To which Acdrefs her Majefty was- alfo 
 pleafed to anfwer as follows : 
 
 ANNE R. 
 
 Her Majefly z> very wett pleafed with the 
 Addrefi of the Houfe of Commons, and asjhe is 
 fully fat isfied with their Afliirances offupporting 
 her Majefly ^ and of firmly adhering to the Im- 
 perial Crown of England, and the Proteftant 
 Succeffion ; fo they may depend on her Majejly's 
 Protection of that Church and State^ and on 
 her Care for eafmg them in any Difficulties they 
 may lie under. 
 
 On the tfh of March the Houfe of Com- 
 mons of ^Ireland refolved themfelves into a 
 Committee of the whole Houfe, to take into- 
 farther Confideration the Supply to be grant- 
 ed to her Majcfty ; and alfo his Grace the 
 Lord Lieutenant's Speech ; and came to a Re- 
 folution, that a Sum, not exceeding one Hun- 
 dred and fifty Thoufand Pounds, be granted 
 to her Majefly, for the Support of the necefla- 
 ry Branches of the Eftablifhment for two 
 Years, commencing the 29th of September^ 
 1705, and ending the acjth ^September 1707. 
 Which Refolution, being reported the Day 
 following, was unanimoully agreed unto by 
 
 the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 343 
 
 the Houfe ; and it was refolved, that the 
 Houfe mould on Friday next refolve itlelf in- 
 to a Committee of the whole Koufe, to confi- 
 der of Ways and Means for raifing the Supply- 
 granted to her Majefly. That Day the Houfe 
 attended his Grace the Lord Lieutenant with 
 the following Addrefs of Thanks to her Ma- 
 jefty, for her Majefly 's molt gracious Anfwer 
 to their congratulatory Addreflcs : 
 
 Mofl gracious Sovereign, 
 
 c We your Majefty's moft dutiful and loyal 
 ( Subjects, the Commons of Ireland in Par- 
 liament aflembled, beg Leave to return our 
 
 * humble Thanks, for your Majefty's moil 
 
 * gracious Anfwer to our Addrefies. 
 
 Your Majefty's truly royal Difpofition, 
 ' and tranfcendentGoodnefsexprefted therein, 
 
 * have exalted our Hopes, and enabled us 
 
 * chearfully to fupport the Difficulties we lie 
 4 under till, by your Majefty's Care and Pru- 
 c dence, we lhall obtain fuch Eafe and Re- 
 lief, as thankful Subjects may hope from the 
 ' beft of Queens. 
 
 4 As the Glory of your Majefty's Victories 
 
 * over your Enemies affects us with the higheft 
 1 Admiration, fo your Majefty's Clemency 
 
 * and Indulgence to your People create in us 
 c the greateft Zeal and Devotion, and infpire 
 4 us with moft ardent Deiires to exprefs our 
 
 * Gratitude to your Majefty, and our conftant 
 
 * Refolution, not only to fupport your Ma- 
 
 * jefty and your Government, but, by repeated 
 
 Y 2 4 Inftanccs
 
 344 *?*>* -LIFE of the 
 
 1 Inftances of' Duty and Loyalty, to prefervt 
 ' ourfelves for ever in your Majefty's Favour/ 
 
 To 'which his Grace 'was f leafed to anfwer, 
 that he 'would take Care to tranfmlt this Addrefs 
 to her Majcfty 'with great Pleafure. 
 
 Not many Days after, the Lower Houfe of 
 Convocation, of the Clergy of the Church of 
 Ireland, understanding, ' That Heads of a 
 
 * Bill for the Improvement of the Hempen 
 
 * and Flaxen Manufactories, of that Kingdom, 
 ' were brought into the Houfe of Commons, 
 
 * wherein there was a Claufe, to afcertain the 
 
 * Tithes of Hemp and Flax, which were ap- 
 x prehended might prove very prejudicial to 
 
 * the Rights and Properties of the Clergy of 
 
 * Ireland, with the Care of which they were 
 1 entrufted :' They therefore prefented a Me- 
 morial to the Houfe of Commons, * defiring 
 '* that the faid Claufe might not pafs in the 
 
 * faid Bill, until their Reafons, which they 
 
 * were ready to offer againft it were firft heard ;' 
 which MefTdge was figned by the Prolocutor, 
 and by their Actuary *, who was a Servant 
 to the Upper Houfe of Convocation. Upon 
 the Receipt of this Memorial the Commons 
 
 voted, * That the Perfon that brought it 
 was guilty of a Breach of the Privilege of 
 that Houfe, ordered frm to be taken into 
 the Cuftody of their Serjeant at Arms, and 
 further refolved, that it appeared to them 
 that the Convocation, in pretending to have 
 
 * A'-7uary i> a Clerk who regiflers the Ab and Confutations 
 of a Convocation, 
 
 the
 
 Duke of ORMOND. 34.5 
 
 * the Care of the Civil Rights of the Clergy 
 
 * were guilty of a Contempt and Breach of the 
 ' Privilege of that Houfe.' The Commons 
 expected that the Convocation mould make 
 a Submiffion and acknowledge, * That they 
 f had nothing to do with the Civil Rights, and 
 c that their meddl'ing with thofe Rights, was a 
 
 * Contempt and Breach of the Privilege:' But, 
 inftead of that, the Convocation fent them a 
 Letter, wherein they endeavoured to juftify 
 their Memorial, as no Ways encroaching 
 
 upon the Privileges of the Houfe of Com- 
 mons, and confequently no Breach of Privi- 
 lege.' Hereupon the Commons voted, 'That 
 all Matters, relating to this Memorial, mould 
 be 'razed out of the Journals and Books of 
 the Convocation :' Which being like to raife 
 greater Heats, his Grace the Duke of Ormonde 
 thought fit to fend a Meffage to both Houfes, 
 that they mould adjourn to the Firft of May 
 next, which was done accordingly. 
 
 The Duke of 'Ormonde, during the Adjourn* 
 ment of Parliament, ever intent upon pro- 
 viding for the Security, as well as Profperity 
 of his Government, made a Progrefs into 
 the Nortb y and, having taken feveral Engi- 
 neers along with him, caufed the Plans of 
 many fortified Places to be taken, and Schemes 
 made for encreafing their Strength. The Peo- 
 ple, in all the Places which his Grace ho- 
 noured with his Prefence, gave authentic 
 Marks of their Affection and Loyalty to her 
 Y 3 Majcfty
 
 34-6 The LIFE of the 
 
 Majefty, and of their Refpeft and Efteem for 
 his Grace's Perfon. Among the reft, the 
 Prejbyteriam, who had been mifreprefented 
 upon Account of fome Translation in Scot- 
 land, thought that a proper Opportunity to 
 wipe off the Afperfions caft upon them ; 
 wherefore when his Grace was at Antrim, 
 which was the 1 8th of April, he was waited 
 upon by divers of the Prejbyterian Minifters, 
 who, in the Name of themfelves and the reft 
 of their Brethren, in that Part of that Coun- 
 try, delivered the following Addrefs : 
 
 May It pleafe your Grace, 
 
 c We in our own Name, and in the Nam e 
 c of our Brethren the Prejbyterian Mini- 
 fters in this Part of the Country, beg Leave 
 to acquaint your Grace, that we look upon 
 your Grace's Prefence and Progrefs in die 
 North of Ireland, as an Evidence of your 
 great Diligence and Zeal for her Majefty's 
 Service, and prudent Care and Concern for 
 this as well as other Parts of the Kingdom ; 
 and we chearfully embrace this Occaiion of 
 exprerling our moft humble and fubmiflive 
 Refpect to your Grace's high Character, to- 
 gether with our dutiful and grateful Senfe 
 of the Favours we have received under your 
 Government.' 
 
 ' We have given fuch repeated and folemn 
 AiTurances of our unfhaken Loyalty to her 
 facred Majefty's Perfon and Government, 
 and of our being entirely in the Intereft of 
 
 < the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 347 
 
 the Proteflant Succeffion by Law eftablifhed, 
 as leave not the leaft juft Ground for fuf- 
 pecting our Sincerity. And therefore we 
 beg Leave to depend (under God) upon her 
 Majefty's experienced Clemency and Bounty, 
 and your Grace's Favour. This, in the Name 
 of thofe we reprefent, is fubfcribed by, 
 c May it pleafe your Grace, 
 
 -* Tour Grace's moft- humble, moft 
 obedient, and moji obliged Servants, 
 
 Ja. Kirkpatrick And. Crawford Tbo. Futt, 
 J.Abernethy W.Tayler Jo. Male, 
 
 The following Paper was alfo delivered to 
 his Grace, 
 
 I'he bumble Addrefs of the Prejbyterian Mini/iers 
 in and about Monaghan, for oiirfehes and 
 in the Name of otir Brethren in this upper 
 Country. 
 
 May it pleafe your ~Grace, 
 r ~W~^ H E great and good Things that 
 j_ your true and noble Anceftors have 
 done in, and for this Nation, make us great- 
 ly rejoice at her Majefty's continuing you, 
 next to herfelf, Governor in chief in this 
 Kingdom ; your Grace's heroic and mag- 
 nanimous Exploits in the War, efpeciaily at 
 Vigo j your juft, prudent, and gracious Ma- 
 * nagement of the Government of this Realm, 
 Y 4 ;< are
 
 348 72* L I F E of the 
 
 c are (beyond all Exception) Demonftrations 
 
 * of your being a genuine Branch of that no- 
 
 * ble, illuftrious, and ancient Family of Or- 
 f monde. 
 
 < We moft heartily congratulate your Grace's 
 
 c fafc Progrefs in thefe Northern Parts, where- 
 
 e by you have not only honoured this Coun- 
 
 * try, but alfo evidenced your great Zeal for 
 ' her Majefty's Intereft; and we do moil 
 ' gratefully acknowledge, that, as it is of di- 
 c vine Grace the Fountain of all Good, fo it is 
 c of her facred Majefty, and next of your 
 c Grace, that we may enjoy the free and un- 
 c difturbed Exercife of our Religion, with o- 
 ( ther fpecial Favours ; firmly refolving, ac- 
 c cording to our known Principles, to adhere 
 c to our Sovereign Lady Queen ANNE, and 
 ' the Proteftant Succeflion as by Law efta- 
 c blifhed. 
 
 ' That Almighty God may long continue 
 
 ' her Majefty's Life and glorious Reign, and 
 
 you, our gracious Governor, on whofe Cle- 
 
 1 mency, and Favour, \ve humbly beg 
 
 * Leave to depend (may it pleafe your Grace) 
 c is the hearty Prayer of your Grace's moft 
 f lithful, thankful, humble, and obedient Ser- 
 
 * vants, 
 
 Jtfah Cornwall, James Jon/Ion^ Baptifl Boyd, 
 Alex. Fleming^ Will, dmbrtfe, W, fhoftpftrt, 
 ja. ^TcatSy Will. Cornwall^ Hugh Keljey y 
 
 Jc.. Fleming^ R. Daroch. 
 
 At Londonderry his Grace was waited upon 
 with the following Addrefs :
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 349 
 
 *fbe humble Addrefs of the Prejbyterian Mi- 
 nifters in the City, County, and Neighbourhood 
 cf Londonderry. 
 
 May it pleafe your Grace, 
 4 T T T E humbly beg Leave to reprefent 
 W our J u ft an d grateful Senfe of the 
 4 fignal and feafonable Favours your Grace 
 ' has pleafed to confer upon us, Gratitude be- 
 ' ing at leaft our Duty, and yet is almoft all 
 1 we are able to pay for fo great aDtbt, wifli- 
 
 * ing a better and greater Reward to your 
 4 Grace. 
 
 * And we, in moft humble Manner, im- 
 4 plore the Continuance of your Grace's Cle- 
 4 mency, Favour, and Protection, we being by 
 1 Principle determined, as hitherto, fo to conti- 
 4 nue demeaning ourfelves always as becometh 
 
 * faithful, loyal, and dutiful Subjects to her fa- 
 ' cred Majefty and Government. 
 
 1 And that your Grace's Perfon and illu- 
 c flrious Family may be attended with Afflu- 
 ' ence of all Bleffings, mail be the Prayer 
 4 of Tour Grace's mojl humble, obedient, and 
 1 faithful Servants, 
 
 Rob. Craghead, And. Fergufon, 
 P. Campbell, WilL Gray. 
 Upon his Grace's Return to Dublin, the 
 Parliament fat again, and the Houfe of Com- 
 mons taking Notice of the reftlefs Endeavours 
 of the Enemies of the Public Peace, to cre- 
 ate Divilions among the Proteftants of that 
 Kingdom, to flrengthen the Interefl of the 
 
 pretended
 
 350 The LIFE of tie 
 
 pretended Prince of Wales, and obftruct the 
 Succeffion in the Proteftant Line, made on the 
 25th of May the following unanimous Refo- 
 lutions : 
 
 4 Refofoed, That endeavouring to create or 
 
 * promote Mifunderftandings between the 
 * Proteftants of this Kingdom, tends to the 
 ' Advantage of the Papifts, and Weakening 
 c the Proteftant Intereft ; is feditious and of 
 
 * dangerous Confequence to her Majefty's 
 
 * Government, and the Succeffion in the Pro- 
 c teftant Line, as by Law eftablifhed. 
 
 * That by writing or difperling Pamphlets, 
 e or otherwife, to infinuate Danger to the efta- 
 ' bliihed Church, from the Succeffion as by 
 
 * Law eftablifhed, tends to promote Popery, 
 
 * and the Intereft of the pretended Prince of 
 
 * Wales. 
 
 1 That it is the indifpenfuble Duty of all 
 c Magiftrates in this Kingdom to put the 
 c Laws ftrictly in Execution, againft all Per- 
 4 fons who ihall be guilty of fuch pernicious 
 ' Practices.' 
 
 On the i ft of June Mr. Attorney-Genera! 
 reported, from the Committee appointed to 
 consider the State of the Nation, the follow- 
 ing Refolutions which were unanimoufiy a- 
 greed to by the Houfe : 
 
 ' Refofoed, That to fuggeft by Words or 
 6 Writing, that the eftablifhed Church is not 
 e Vv r ell afTedted to the Succeffion of the Crown, 
 
 * in the Proteftant Line, as fettled by Acts of Par- 
 1 liament, or any Way inclined to countenance 
 
 ^ Popery,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 351 
 
 * Popery, is a falfe and malicious Afperfion, 
 
 * and tends to create a dangerous Divifion a- 
 
 * mong Proteftants, and to promote the De- 
 -* figns of Papifls and Traitors in favour of the 
 1 pretended Prince of Wales. 
 
 ' Rjffekoed, That the creeling and continu- 
 ' ing any Seminary for the Inftruction and E- 
 
 * ducation of Youth, in Principles contrary to 
 
 * the eflablilhed Church and Government, 
 6 tends to create and perpetuate Mifunder- 
 c {landings among Proteilants. 
 
 ' Refslved, that faying Mafs, preaching or 
 
 * teaching in feparate Congregations, by Per- 
 c fons who have not taken the Oath of Ab- 
 ' juration, and hearing, maintaining, and coun- 
 
 * tenancing fuch Perfons, tends to defeat the 
 ' Succeffion of the Crown in the Proteflant 
 1 Line, and to encourage and advance the 
 4 Intercft of the pretended Prince of Wales. 
 
 1 Refohed, that all Judges and Magiftrates, 
 
 * are under the higheft Obligations to make 
 ' moft diligent Enquiry, into all fuch wicked 
 Practices, and to their utmoft endeavour to 
 4 difcover and punifh the Authors of them ; 
 f and fuch, as wilfully neglect the fame, ought 
 to be looked upon as Enemies to her 
 
 * Majefty's Government, and the Profperity 
 f of this Kingdom.' 
 
 The Con vocation ofthe Clergy, toclearthem- 
 felves of the falfe Inlinuations of thofe who 
 had reprefented them as Enemies to the Pro- 
 teflant
 
 352 The LIFE of the 
 
 teftant Succeffion, pafled the following Re- 
 iblutions : 
 
 ' Refohed, That this Church and Nation, 
 4 having lately been in the utmoft Danger of 
 
 * being overrun by Popery and Tyranny, were 
 
 * happily delivered from both, by means of 
 1 the late Revolution brought about (under 
 
 * God's Providence) by his late Majefty King 
 ' William Hid. of glorious Memory. 
 
 * Refoked, That the Continuance and Im- 
 ' provement of thefe Bleffings are due (next 
 
 * under God) to the aufpicious Reign and 
 
 * happy Government of her Majefty Queen 
 ' Anne i whom Almighty God long preferve. 
 
 * Refohed, That the future Security and 
 e Prefervation of this Church and -Nation de- 
 ' pends wholly (under God) on the Succeffion 
 ' of the Crown, as it is now fettled by Law in 
 ' the Proteftant Line. 
 
 ' Refohed, That if any Clergyman of this 
 
 ' Church mail, either by Word or Writing, 
 
 ' declare any Thing in Oppofition to the fore- 
 
 ' going Refolutions (which we hope will ne- 
 
 c ver happen) we {hall look upon him as a 
 
 * Sower of Divifions among the Proteflants 
 ' of the eftablimed Church, and as an Enemy 
 
 * to our Confthution . And, after this public 
 c and folemn Declaration, we hope no 
 ' Perfon whoever will be fo unjuft and un- 
 
 * charitable, as to declare and infinuate, that 
 
 * the Clergy of the Church of Ireland, as by 
 
 * Law eftablimed, were not entire in their 
 ' AfFedions for the late King William of glo-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 353 
 
 rious Memory, or are not in the true Intereft 
 of the prefent Government, or that they are 
 any Way difaffected to the Succeffion in the 
 Proteftant Line as by Laweftablifhed. 
 ' Rcjlhed, That for any Perfon to teach or 
 preach againft the Doctrine, Government, 
 Rites, or Ceremonies of this Church, or to 
 keep up and maintain Schools and Semina- 
 ries for the Education of Youth in Princi- 
 ples contrary to thofe of the eftablimed 
 Church, is a Contempt of the eccleflaftical 
 Laws of this Kingdom, is of pernicious 
 Confcquencc, and ferves only to continue 
 and widen the unhappy Schifms and Divi- 
 fions in the Nation.' 
 
 On the 1 4th of June, the Houfe of Com- 
 mons palTed the Bill for the Improvement of 
 the Hempen and Flixcn Manufactures of that 
 Kingdom, and fent it up to the Lords ; after 
 which they refolved, Nemine contradicente, 
 that an humble Addrefs of their Houfe to her 
 Majefty mould be prepared, to give herMajefly 
 the humble Thanks of the Houfe, for the many 
 good Bills tranfmitted this Seifion. They 
 alfo refolved, that the Thanks of the Houfe 
 fhould be given to his Grace the Lord Liute- 
 nant, for his good Adminiftration ; and parti- 
 cularly for his being inftrumental in obtain- 
 ing fo many good Bills for that Kingdom, and 
 it was referred to the Committee to prepare 
 an Addrefs for that Purpofe ; both which Ad- 
 dreiTes were prefented to his Grace the next 
 Day. 
 
 The
 
 354 TJ^LIFE of tie 
 
 The fame Day the 1 5th, the Commons 
 ordered the following Refolutions taken by the 
 Houfe the laft Sefnon of Parliament to be re- 
 newed, as being conducive to the Encourage- 
 ment of the Trade of Ireland. 
 
 1 i/?, That by Reafon of the great Decay 
 
 * of Trade, and Difcouragement of the 
 c Exportation of the Manufactures of this 
 c Kingdom, many poor Tradefmen are redu- 
 c ced to extreme Want and Beggary. 
 
 * 2.d y That it will greatly conduce to the 
 c Relief of the faid Poor, and to the Good 
 e of this Kingdom, that the Inhabitants thereof 
 c mould ufe none other than the Manufactures 
 
 * of this Kingdom in their Apparel and the 
 c Furniture of their Houfes. 
 
 ' 3^, That the deceitful Making, DrefTing, 
 
 * and Dying Cloths, and Stuffs of the old and 
 c new Drapery, within this Kingdom, has 
 ' chiefly occafioned the Inhabitants thereof, 
 1 to wear and confume Manufactures wrought 
 c in other Places. 
 
 4 fh y That the Lengths and Breadths of 
 c the old and new Draperies, prefcribed by the 
 
 * Laws and Statutes of Force in this Kingdom, 
 { for regulating the faid Trade, have not been 
 ' obferved by the Makers of the Drapery in 
 c this Kingdom, 
 
 c 5//&, That all Broad Cloths of, or under 
 ' the Price often Shillings per Tard, to be 
 c made within this Kingdom, ought to be a 
 
 * Yard and a half in Breadth at leaft, within 
 ' the Lift, after the fame are fully milled and 
 
 ' finifhed,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 355 
 
 finished, and not to exceed 25 Yards in 
 Length in every Piece. 
 
 * 6tby That all the Broad Cloths, above ten 
 Shillings per Tardy ought to contain a Yard 
 and a half, and half a Qiiarter, in Breadth, 
 within the Lift after the fame is fully milled 
 and nnifhed, and to be of the Length afore- 
 faid. 
 
 jthy That all half Cloths, Druggets, fmglc 
 Sarges, Cloth Sarges, Flannels, Cloths and 
 Worfled Druggets, Ratteens, Kerfies, and 
 Frizes, ought to contain three Quarters of a 
 Yard in Breadth, at leaft, within the Lift, af- 
 ter they are fully milled and finimed ; and 
 that no Piece of Sarge do contain in Length 
 more than forty Yards, and that they be 
 made up flat and not rolled. 
 
 ' 'SY/6, That all narrow Baiz, when finished, 
 ought to contain a Yard in Breadth at leaft, 
 whole Baiz two Yards in Breadth, and eve- 
 ry Piece of the faid broad and narrow Baiz, 
 ought to contain forty Yards in Length at 
 leaft. 
 
 * 9//6, That all Druggets mixed with Silk, 
 Cotton, or Linnen, Yarn, Paragons, Faran- 
 dines, Coffoys, and Camlets, ought to con- 
 tain in Breadth, within the Lift, half a Yard 
 and half a Quarter at leaft, 
 
 ' iotby That all Sarges, worfted Stuffs, and 
 Stuffs mixed with Silk, Hair, Cotton, Mofs, 
 or Linnen Yarn, ought to contain half a 
 Yard in Breadth, at leaft, when finifhed.
 
 356 tte LIFE of 
 
 e i itb, That the Warp of all Worfte-i 
 Stuffs of the Breadth aforefaid, made of 
 Worfted only, ought to confift of fixteen 
 Beers at leaft, forty Threads in each Beer, 
 and that all the worfted Camlets be no lefs 
 that 28 Beers, and forty Threads in each 
 Beer when finifhed ; Worfted Damafks at 
 nineteen Beers, forty Threads in each Beer ; 
 Worfted Crapes mixed with Silk feventeen 
 Beers, and forty Threads in each Beer at leaft. 
 I2tb, Thatthe tenteringor ftretching of any 
 * the aforefaid Draperies in Breath or Length, 
 4 further than to lay the fame ftrait and even, 
 ' is a "great Fraud, for which the Offenders 
 c ought to be profecuted and punifhed as com- 
 ' mon Cheats. 
 
 c i^thy That, for the Prevention of fuch 
 c Frauds, the Dreflers of fuch Goods ought to 
 c affix, with a hot Brand, the Length and 
 ( Breadth of fuch Goods when wet. 
 
 The fame Day the Lords Spiritual and 
 Temporal, in Parliament affembled, prefented 
 the following Addrefs to the Duke of Or* 
 monde : 
 
 May it pkafe your Grace, 
 
 WE the Lords Spiritual and Tempo- 
 ral, in Parliament affembled, do with 
 all Gratitude acknowledge the Goodnefs of 
 our moft gracious Sovereign, in granting us 
 fo many excellent Bills this Seffion, for the 
 farther Security of our Religion, as by Law 
 eftabiifhed, the Advancement of our Trade, 
 
 * the
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 
 
 * and the Increafe of the Happinefs and Pro- 
 4 fperity of this Kingdom. 
 
 * And as we .are highly fenfible of your 
 e Grace's generous Difpofition and Rcadinefs, 
 ' at all Times, to promote the public Good ; 
 c fo we humbly beg Leave to congratulate 
 
 * the Succefs of your Grace's Mediation witK 
 
 * her Majefty in our Favour. 
 
 ' We alfo deiire to return our hearty Thanks 
 c to your Grace, for your great Care and Vi- 
 
 * gilance, in providing for our Safety, by vifit- 
 ' ing the remote and mofl expos'd Parts of this 
 
 * Kingdom ; by furnishing the Army with fo 
 4 good a Train of Artillery j and .by taking' 
 c fuch efFedual Meafures for the Defence of 
 
 * her Majefty's Garrifons in this Kingdom. 
 
 To which his Grace returned this Anfwer, 
 / tkank your Lordfoips for your Addrefs^ 
 find am glad my Endeavours for the Good of 
 this Kingdom are to your Lordfiips Satisfac- 
 tion. 
 
 The next Day his Grace came with the ufual 
 Formalities to the Houfe of Peers ; and the 
 Common?, being fent for up, gave the Royal 
 AfTcnt to fuch Bills as were ready. Upon 
 prefenting the Money-Bill, the Speaker of 
 the Houfe of Commons made the following 
 Speech to his Grace : 
 
 May it pleafc your Grace, 
 " The Commons having gone through thofe 
 f Bills, which, according to the Coniiuution 
 Z '"of
 
 358 fix LIFE of tie 
 
 V- of this Kingdom, have a Profpeci: of feeing 
 4 pafTed into Laws this Sefiion, prefcnt them- 
 c felves (in Obedience to your Grace's Plea- 
 4 fiire) as Witneffes to their receiving Life by 
 4 the Royal Aflent. 
 
 * They moil gratefully own, that thofe 
 c Bills which have been tranfmitted this Sef- 
 4 iion, to be palfed into Laws, are Inflances 
 4 of her Majefty's Goodnefs to them, and 
 4 of your Grace's Care ; and by taking No- 
 c tice in their Addrefles, that they are many, 
 they exprefs their great Inclinations to publifh 
 4 to the World the juft Senfe they have of the 
 Favours of a Prince, from whom they, all 
 
 * her Subjeds, and Europe in general, promife 
 1 to.themfelves the greatefl Bleffings. 
 
 f And, to fhew themfelves not wholly un- 
 
 c deferving her Majeily's Royal Care and Pro- 
 
 1 teclion, they have declared their firm Loyal- 
 
 ' ty to the Crown, and Adherence to the Suc- 
 
 4 ceffion and Religion by Law eftablifhed, in 
 
 c the moft public Manner j and have endea- 
 
 4 voured to prevent all malicious Afperfions 
 
 * on the eftablifhed Church, and whatever elfe 
 4 may create or promote Divifions and Mif- 
 
 * underftandings among Proteflants. 
 
 4 Thefe Refolves (if not necelfary to re- 
 4 move feme Enemies of our Peace, already 
 among us) will however convince thofe A- 
 4 broad, that the fame Unanimity again ft the 
 
 * Enemies of our Religion, Laws, and Liber- 
 
 * ties, flill continue in the Breafts of Prote- 
 4 ftants (though of different Perfuafions in o- 
 
 4 thgr
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 359 
 
 * ther Matters) that eminently {hewed itfelf in 
 
 * their joint and brave Defence of Londonderry 
 
 * and Ini/killing. 
 
 * Nor doth the Expreffion of the Duty and 
 
 * Affection of her Majefty's loyal Subjects 
 ' end in Words only : The extream Poverty 
 ' of the Kingdom hinders not the granting 
 
 * fufficient Funds, for the honourable Support 
 
 * and juft Payment of the Eftablifhment ; in- 
 ' fomuch that our more happy Neighbours, 
 
 * (taking that to be a Meafure of our Wealth 
 ' and Profperity ; which is in Truth only the 
 c Refult of a fixed Principle in us, never to 
 
 * refufe Supplies while the Crown wants, 
 
 * and the Country can give) perfuade them- 
 
 * felves the Kingdom is in a flourishing Con- 
 ' dition, fince its Aids are fo great, and its 
 ' Complaints either none, or very few. 
 
 'But this, and whatever is in the Power 
 
 * of her Majeflys moft faithful Subjects the 
 
 * Commons, is juftly due to the be ft of'>ueen's t 
 
 * whofe victorious Arms ha\e maken the uni- 
 
 * tedPowers of two Kingdoms, each of which, 
 
 * within the fpace of one Age, afpired at uni- 
 
 * verfal Monarchy. 
 
 4 The Progrefs of her Majefty's Troops pro- 
 
 * mife to open a more beneficial Trade with 
 ' Spain t than any this Nation is yet pofleffcd 
 
 * of, and there appears fair Hopes, that ano- 
 
 * thcr Campaign, like the laft in Germany, 
 ' will oblige that Prince to fue for Peace, who 
 ' h-ath hitherto refilled to allow a fafe and 
 
 '' honourable one to Chriftendom.' 
 
 Z 2 May
 
 260 The LIFE of 
 
 May it pleafe your Grace, 
 ' Railed by the Hopes, and out of the pro- 
 founded: Duty to her ' Majefty, and higheft 
 Zeal for the Honour and Support of her 
 Mujefty's Government, the Commons have 
 granted an Aid to her Majefty, by parting a 
 Bill entitled. An Aft for for granting to 
 her Majefly an additional Duty en Beer, 
 Ale, Strong Waters, Tobacco, Caliicoes, Lin- 
 ncns, Muflins, and other Goods and Merchan- 
 dizes' 
 
 His Grace having given the Royal AfTent 
 to An A ft for granting to her Majefly an ad- 
 ditional Duty on Beer, Ale, Strong Waters, To- 
 bacco, Caliicoes, Linnen, Muflins, and other 
 Goods and Merchandizes. An Aft to explain 
 and amend an Aft. for regijlring the Po- 
 pijh Clergy. An Aft to repeal an Aft, enti- 
 tled, An A ft for the Advancement of the Trade 
 of Linnen Manufacture. An AcJ for the Im- 
 provement of the Hempen and Flaxen Manufac- 
 tures of this Kingdom. An Aft for Relief of 
 Creditors againji Fraudulent Devices. An 
 Aft to prevent illegal Raifing Mon<*y by Grand 
 Juries, and the Mifapplying Money legally 
 raifed, and for the better Execution of an Aft 
 for the Mending of the Highways by fix Days 1 
 Labour, and for the appointing Overfeers of 
 the Highways by the Juftices at their Scflions 
 in Default of naming them by their refpective 
 Parimes. An Aft fir lefjening the Duty of 
 Rape- Seed to be exported. An Aft to regulate 
 the taking and exafting Tolls throughout this- 
 
 Kingdom,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 361. 
 
 Kingdom, and to prevent ingrcjfing Cods in the 
 City of Dublin. An Aft for explaining and tut- 
 ting in ExecuticncnAff for planting and pr Jew- 
 ing Timber Trees and Woods ; end fcr explain- 
 ing and Cutting in Execution an Act to avoid 
 and prevent divers Mifdemeanours in idle and 
 lewd Perfons in Barking of Trees. An Aft 
 to prevent Fees being taken in certain Cafes. 
 An Afl againjl Horfe-fleating, and to prevent 
 the Buying and Selling of Stolen Horfes, and 
 for punifi ing all Accejfaries to Felons. An A& 
 to repeal the Statute made in the $th of Henry 
 the IVth againft multiplying Gold and Siher y 
 and to prevent Difputes and Controversies con- 
 cerning Rcyal Mines. An Aft for Relief of 
 poor Prifonersfor Debts. An Aft for regulat- 
 ting the Weights ufed in this Kingdim, and that 
 Salt and Meal jh all be fold by Weight, and to 
 eight private Bills. Made the following Speech 
 to both Houfes : 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen^ 
 
 > 16, c \ \ 7 E are now come to that End 
 1705. ' c y y we a u defired, a happy Con- 
 4 clufion of this Seffion, in which all Things 
 c have concurred to the mutual Satisfaction of 
 4 the Queen and her People. 
 
 * You have juft Reafon to be thankful tQ 
 
 * her Majefty for the remarkable Inftances of 
 4 her Majefty 's Goodnefs, and the great Con- 
 c cern which fhe hath expreiTed for the Prof- 
 ' pcrity of this Kingdom, and the many good 
 
 * Laws which have been enacted for the Se- 
 
 * curity of the Proiejiant Religion, and the 
 ' Eafe and Advantage of her Subjects. 
 
 Z 7 ' I doubt
 
 362 777* LIFE of tie 
 
 ' I doubt not but her Majefty will be well 
 
 * pleafed, with your hearty Expreffions of 
 Duty and Affection in this Seffion, and with 
 the Supply you, Gentlemen of the Houfe of 
 Commons, have fo chearfully given in this 
 Time of War and Difficulty ; and with the 
 Aflfurance, that you will, in due Time, pro- 
 vide for what mail be expended for the 
 Public Security^ in the Management where- 
 of, you may be certain of a Care and Fru- 
 gality fuitablc to the Truft you have rcpofecj 
 in the Government. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen^ 
 c TT is a great Pleafure to me to find, by 
 c 1 vour Addrefles, that the Administration 
 
 * of the Government has been to your Satif- 
 c faction j and as I earncftly recommend to 
 
 * you, in your feveral Stations and Countries^ 
 ' to preferve the Peace and promote the Pub- 
 
 * lie Good, by a due Execution of the Laws 
 c already made ; fo you may be fure, that I 
 
 * will by juft Reprefentations to her Majefty, 
 
 * and by all the good Offices in my Power s 
 
 * give my utmoft Afliftance to advance the 
 ' Trade, and fecure the Welfare and Profpe- 
 * rity of the Kingdom.' 
 
 And then the Parliament was prorogued to 
 fhurfday the 1 3th of June next. 
 
 Three Days before, the Lord Cuts landed at 
 Dublin, about 6 in the Evening, near Rings- 
 End ; where his Lordfhip was met by one of 
 the Lord Lieutenant's Coaches, and went im- 
 mediately to wait upon his Grace, by whom 
 
 was very kindly received. The 
 
 '
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 363 
 
 The Duke of Ormonde having, notwithftand- 
 ing the Oppolition of fome uneafy envious 
 Men, brought this Seffion of the Parliament 
 of Ireland to a happy Conclufion, and regu- 
 lated the other public Affairs of that King- 
 dom, his Grace refolved to come over into 
 England, to give her Majefty an Account of 
 his Proceedings j and having left the Adrni- 
 niftration of that Government to the Right 
 Hon. Sir Richard Cox y Lord Chancellor there, 
 and the Right Hon. the Lord Cuts, Lieutenant- 
 General of her Majefty's Forces, who were 
 constituted Lords Juftices of the Kingdom, 
 during his Grace's Abfenee, he came away 
 from Dublin, on board one of her Majefty's 
 Yatchs; fafely landed at Cbefter, the 26th 
 of June, and three Days after arrived at St. 
 James's. 
 
 I muft here obferve, that his Grace before 
 he left Dublin, having been informed of a grofs 
 Abfurdity committed, by inferting in the Ad- 
 drefs of the Houfe of Commons to his Grace, 
 in the printed Votes of Saturday the i6th In- 
 ftant, thefe Words, \}Ve your Grace 's moft du- 
 tijui a-.d loyal Sufyetfs] immediately gave order 
 to the Lord Chief Juftice of the >ueen's- 
 Bench, to examine by what Means the fame 
 happened ; whereupon it plainly appeared, 
 that the Journal of the Houfe of Commons, 
 and the Addreis prefented to his Grace, both 
 agree in this Expreffion, [We- her Majefty's 
 moft dutiful and loyal Subjects'] and the Speaker 
 of the Houfe of Commons who according 
 to Cuftom perufed the Proof, and gave Di- 
 rections for the printing thereof) and the Per- 
 Z 4 fon
 
 364 The LIFE tf the 
 
 fons who printed the fame, being examined 
 by the faid Chief Juftice, do both allege, 
 that the abfurd Exprefiion in the faid Print, 
 contrary to the true Addrefs of the Commons, 
 proceeded from Mi flake and Overfight. 
 
 On the i 5th of November, 1705. This Year 
 his Grace, the newly created Duke of Mon- 
 tague, was introduced into the Houfe of Peers 
 between, the Lord Duke of Ormonde, and the 
 Duke of Bolton, and feated in the ufual 
 Manner. 
 
 The City of London having addrefled 
 her Majefty, that the Colours and 
 Standards, taken at Ramillies, might be hung 
 up in Guildhall, they were carried thither with 
 great Ceremony from Whitehall, by a Detach- 
 ment of the Horfe and Foot-Guards on the 
 1 9th of December, amounting to fixty-three 
 Colours, and twenty-four Standards ; and the 
 fame' Day his Grace the Duke of Mar thorough, 
 with the Dukes of Ormonde and Somerfet, and 
 other great Officers and Minifters of State, 
 went to an Entertainment at Vintners-ball in 
 the City, having been invited thither by the 
 Lord Mayor and Aldermen. 
 
 His Grace on the 1 6th of March in- 
 J 7?7- troduced the Vice- Chancellor attend- 
 ed by a numerous Train of the moft emi- 
 nent Members of the faid Univerrity, con- 
 ducted by the Lord Chamberlain of her Ma- 
 jefty's Houfhold, with the Addrefs of the Uni- 
 vcrfity of Oxford, which her Majefty received 
 Very gracioufly. 
 
 1708 A-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 365 
 
 About the Beginning of jlpril, his 
 Grace the Duke was conftituted one of 
 the Privy-Council for the two united King- 
 doms of England and Scotland-, and, on the 
 yth, his Grace introduced ''Thomas Me'dlicot, 
 Efq; v/ith an Addrefs to her Majefty from the 
 Juftices of the Peace, and Hi?,h Bailiff of the 
 City and Liberty of Wejlminfter^ and of the 
 Grand Jury for the fame ; which her Majefty 
 very gracioufly received. 
 
 On the 20th, his Grace introduced Sir 
 ^dward Irby, arid Richard Wynne ^ Efq; with 
 an Addrefs to her Majefty from the Mayor, 
 Recorder, and Aldermen, Town-Clerk, Com- 
 mon-Council, Burgefles, Gentlemen, Clergy, 
 and other Inhabitants of her Majefty's ancient; 
 Burrough of Boftcn, in the County of Lincoln^ 
 >vhich her Majefty very gracioufly received. 
 
 Dec. 19. His Grace the Duke of Qr?non t 
 Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxford, pre- 
 fented to her Majefty a Book of Poems, enti- 
 tuled, Exequitf Cel/iffimo Principi Georgia, 
 Principi Danite, ab Oxonienji Acadtmia Jb- 
 lutce. Written by the moft eminent Writers 
 of that Univerfity. 
 
 On the 2510 of Sept. the following 
 ' ^' Addrefs from the City and Liberty of 
 Wejlmlnjler^ was prefented to her Majefty by 
 Thomas Medlicot, Efq; Deputy Steward, being 
 introduced by his Grace the Duke o Ormonde, 
 High Steward of the City.
 
 3 66 73* LIFE of the. 
 
 To the QUEEN'S mojl Excellent Majefty, 
 
 rfhe Humble Addrefi of the Duke of Ormonde, 
 High Steward of Weflminftcr, the De- 
 puty Steward^ Juftices of Peace, Higk- 
 Bailijf, Bitrgejjcs, and BurgeJJes SiJ/iftants, 
 and other s^ the Inhabitants of the City and 
 Liberty of Weflminfter. 
 
 Madam, 
 
 * T T T E beg your Majefty to accept the 
 
 * \ \ joyful Congratulations of your Peo- 
 
 * pie, upon the compleat and glorious Victory 
 
 * obtained by your Majefty's Troops, and 
 . thofe of your Allies, at the late Battle near 
 5 Mons y under the Conduct of his Grace the 
 
 * Duke of Marlborough y and Prince Eugene of 
 ' Savoy. 
 
 * Every Year of your Majefty's Reign has 
 e been diftinguifhed by frefh Bleffings to your 
 c People, and new Glories to the Britifo 
 4 Name ; but none greater than this, when 
 c (after taking fo important a Fortrefs as that 
 ' of Tournay] the fame Army (ambitious of 
 
 * frefh Glory) attacked the whole Forces of 
 the Enemy in the ftrongeft Intrenchments, 
 and under the moft advantageous Situation 
 that Art or Nature could contrive. But no- 
 thing is too difficult for your experienced 
 General, in fo good a Caufe, and for fuch 
 a Queen, whofe conftant Piety and Good- 
 nefs has befpoke her the Favour of Heaven, 
 as well as made her the Darling and the Ad- 
 miration
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 367 
 
 miration of Mankind ; for. the Strength of 
 their Lines ferved only to give them Cou- 
 rage enough to ftand, to encreafe the Ho- 
 nour of the Action, and your Majefty's 
 Glory in lhe;r Defeat.' 
 May your Majefty ever fucceed in the great 
 Caufe you have undertaken, till you have; 
 fiiiifhed all in a lafting and honourable Peace, 
 to the immortal Glory of your Name, and 
 the Prosperity of your People, the Security of 
 the Church of England, and Protejlant Sue- 
 ceflion as eftablifhed by Law ; and we your 
 ' loyal Subjects prefume to aflure your Ma- 
 
 * jelly, that we ihall be ready to hazard our 
 c Lives as well as Eftates, to enable you to 
 
 * improve theie Advantages to thofe great and 
 
 * pious Ends.' 
 
 Which Addrefs her Majefty received very 
 gracioufly. 
 
 Oft. j ft. His Grace the Duke of Or- 
 monde, High Steward of the City of 
 Exeter, prefented to her Majefty an Addrefs of 
 the May or, Aldermen, and Common Council of 
 that City, which her Majefty received very 
 gracioufly ; and, on the I9th, her Majefty in 
 Council was pleafed to declare his Grace 
 James, Duke of Ormonde, Lord Lieutenant of 
 the Kingdom of Ireland. 
 
 June the i4th, His Grace fet out for that 
 Kingdom, and arrived the 1 8th at Cbejier about 
 one o'Clock ; he was met near the City by the 
 Deputy Governor of the Caftle, and a great 
 Number of the principal Gentlemen of that 
 
 City
 
 368 The LIFE of ;Je 
 
 City and Country ; at his Enterance into the 
 City, the Guns from the Caftle fired j the 
 Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen, attending his 
 Grace's Coming upon a Scaffold erected for that 
 Furpofe, where he was complimented by the 
 Recorder, in the Name of the Corporation, in 
 a very eloquent Speech. The ftveral Com- 
 panies of the Citizens at the fame lime, with 
 their Banners, attending in the Street with all 
 imaginable Demonftrations of Refped:. He 
 alighted at Sir Henry Banbury's, where, the 
 Dean attended by all the Body of the Clergy, 
 came to welcome his Grace. Soon after he 
 was invited by the Mayor and Corporation to 
 the Pint Hcufe, where a noble Collation was 
 prepared, and to which Place his Grace was 
 accompanied by the Bimop of Cbcfter, and 
 feveral other Perfons of Diflinction j his Grace 
 proceeded the Day following to Park-gate to, 
 attend the firft Opportunity of a fair Wind, 
 but was there detained eleven Days, by there 
 being fo long contrary Winds ; he embarked 
 the 30th in the Morning, on board her Ma- 
 ^efty's Ship the Dublin Yatch attended by 
 ibme of the Men of War, but was obliged the 
 next Day to put into Holy-head-bay , where 
 he lay a whole Tide, and then put to Sea 
 again. However, the Wind not being favour- 
 able, his Grace did not reach the Irtjh Coaft, 
 till 10 in the Morning on the 2d of Juty> 
 he could not land at Dunlary, about four 
 Miles from Dublin^ till near Seven the next 
 Morning ; upon Notice of which, the Lords 
 
 of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 369 
 
 tf the Privy-Council were, by Appointment 
 of the Lords Juftices and Council, fent to 
 congratulate his Grace on his fafe Arrival. He 
 was attended from thence by four Troops of 
 Horfe and Dragoons of the Militia of that 
 City, by the Sheriffs at the Head of the Guild, 
 by a Guard of his Grace's Regiment of Horfe, 
 by the State Trumpets, and great Numbers of 
 Coaches, with Nobility and Gentry, and vaft 
 Crowds of People of all Ranks, upon the 
 Road, making great Acclamations. On his 
 Grzc&'sCom'mgto Rings-End, he wasfluuted by 
 a Salvo of great Guns planted there, and, on his 
 Approach to Lazers-Hill, the Ordnance placed, 
 there was alfo difcharged, and, at the End of 
 that Street, his Grace was received by the Lord- 
 Mayor, Recorder, and Aldermen in their For- 
 malities, and the Recorder complimented his 
 Grace, on his Arrival in the Name of the City. 
 The Streets were lined by the two Regiments 
 then on Duty in Dublin, and the Militia -, and 
 ?.s his Grace did not pafs to the Caftle, till it 
 began to be dark, the Houfes were all illu- 
 minated, and the Windows filled with Gen- 
 tlemen and Ladies, and the Streets crouded 
 with People, who followed him with repeated 
 Huzza' s, and other Exprefllons of Joy, greater 
 than have appeared on the like Occafions. On 
 his Grace's going into the Caftle, the Guns in 
 the Cattle- Yard were likewife fired ; he went , 
 directly to the Council-Chamber, and, after 
 his being fworn, three Rounds of 21 Guns 
 were again difcharged, which were anfwered 
 
 each
 
 370 The LIFE of the 
 
 each Time by a Volley of fmall Shot from the 
 two Regiments of the Army, and Militia -, 
 and then his Grace went to {he Lord Chan- 
 cellor's, where he was entertained at Supper, 
 and the Night concluded with Ringing of Bells, 
 Illuminations, Wine running in the Streets, 
 and all imaginable Demonftrations of Joy. 
 
 9. His Grace the Duke of 
 * * Ormonde^ went with the ufual Solemni- 
 ty to meet the Lords and Commons of this 
 Kingdom afTembled in Parliament, and, being 
 feated on the Throne, made the following 
 Speech to both Houfes : 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen, 
 
 E R Majefty being gracioufly pleafed* 
 that her Subjects of this Kingdom 
 lould participate in the happy Influences 
 c of her Government, has taken this moft 
 e early Occalion to call you together, to teftify 
 ' her 'Affection and Care of your Welfare ; and 
 ' to aflure you that me will ftill continue the 
 
 * fame tender Regard for you, which (he has. 
 c already fhewn in fo many remarkable In- 
 ' ftances. 
 
 ' By remitting the twentieth Parts, and 
 c granting the firft Fruits for buying in Impro- 
 c priations, her Majefty has not only conferred 
 
 * a Mark of her Grace and Favour on the 
 ' prefent Clergy ; but has provided for the 
 
 * Maintenance of greater Numbers of them, 
 ' when, bythft good Laws made againft the 
 
 PopiJJ:
 
 Duke of ORMONDE: 371 
 
 c Poptfh Religion in her Majefty's Reign, 
 
 * the Church mall be enlarged. 
 
 * And her Majefty has given an Inftance 
 c of Royal Bounty to the College of Dab- 
 c //, in Compliance with an Application 
 
 * made in their Behalf laft Seffion of Par- 
 ' liment.' 
 
 Gentlemen of the Houfc of Commons, 
 
 THE public Accounts, which are or- 
 dered to be lain before, you will de- 
 monftrate how careful her Majefty has been 
 to fave you feveral Heads of Expence ; and 
 therefore has confidered of a lefs chargeable 
 Way, for fecuring the Arms and Ammu- 
 nition, than was formerly propofed. And 
 the fame public Accounts will inform you, 
 that as her Majefty's great Expeditions, by 
 Sea and Land, have ocean* oned the with- 
 drawing feveral Troops from hence, and 
 putting them on other Eftablifhments ; fo 
 whatever hath been faved thereby, has been 
 applied to the public Service of this King- 
 dom; and her Majefty, having hitherto taken 
 all proper Methods for the Eafe of her Sub- 
 jects, does judge it neceflary for their Safety 
 and Protection, to replace, on her Eftablifh- 
 ment here, fo many more Troops as will 
 compleat the Number of her Forces; and 
 doubts not but that you will make Provision 
 accordingly. As atib for the re-building, in 
 proper Places, the feveral public Offices 
 which the late Fire has deftroyed. 
 
 ' And
 
 372 The LIFE of the 
 
 , c And her Majefty, confidering how much' 
 ' the Eftates and Properties of her Subjects of" 
 this Kingdom depend upon the Records 
 thereof^ doth earneftly recommend to you 
 the making Provifion to prevent the great 
 Mifchiefs Both public and private, which 
 may arife by the Lofs of thofe confumcd in 
 the late Fire, and to preferve fuch as are 
 remaining, 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen, 
 
 { " AM commanded by her Majefty to afTure' 
 
 ' JL you, that ihe will ftill continue to pre- 
 
 * fcrve the Church of Ireland^ as by Law 
 c eftablifhed, fecure the Protejiant Succeffion 
 ' in the Houfe of Hanover, maintain and fup- 
 
 * port the Protejiant Religion, and die Rights' 
 ' and Properties of all her Subjects. 
 
 c And as her Majefty is graciouily pleafed 
 ' to fignify her Readinefs to concur with you 
 4 in .any thing, that may be for your Safety 
 
 * and Profperiiy ; fo me has not the leaft Doubt 
 c but that you will proceed in the Matters 
 ' which mail come before you, with fuch 
 ' Temper, Unanimity, and Difpatch, as may 
 render this a happy Seffion to her Majefty 
 ' and her People.' 
 
 Thereupon the Commons waited on his 
 Grace, with an Addrefs to her Majefty, 
 wherein they thanked her for the many In* 
 ftances of her Bounty to that Kingdom, and 
 promifed to comply with what had been re^ 
 commended to them. 
 
 The
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 373 
 
 The Houfe of Peers alfo attended his Grace 
 with an Addrefs to her Majefty, wherein they 
 afTure her, that they did, with moft grateful 
 Hearts, acknowledge theBleffingsof her Reign; 
 declaring that her Majefty' s early Gare had 
 even prevented their own Endeavours to free 
 the Nation from that Load of Debts, which 
 the bringing over fuch Numbers of ufelefs and 
 indigent Palatines, and the erecting a ftately 
 and expenfive Arfenal, had brought upon 
 them : That her Majefty, by an unparalleled 
 Bounty, had augmented the Revenues of the 
 Church, by leilening her own; and me had alfo 
 extended her Royal Favour to the College of 
 Dublin, and at fuch a Juncture, as muft teftify 
 to the World) that what her Majefty bejlowed, 
 was not given to promote thofe Principles upon 
 which it 'was Jirjt applied for, but to encou- 
 rage Univerfify Education, the Neglect of which 
 had been a great Means and Occajion of the 
 Growth of Ignorance, Propbanenefs, Infidelity, 
 and all thofe toofe and wild Notions and Tenets, 
 which had induflrioujly been fpread among them, 
 to the endangering of the State, and the under- 
 mining the Foundation of all Religion : Con- 
 cluding, that they would defend and ilipport 
 her Majefty's Throne, and, to the utinoii ot 
 their Power, contribute to make the Crown, 
 which deicended to her Majefty from her 
 Royal Anceftors, flourish on her Head : That 
 they would endeavour to prefer ve her Prero- 
 gative, and thofe Powers with which God 
 had entruftcd her Majefty, from being leflcn- 
 Aa cd
 
 L I FE of the 
 
 ed or invaded on any factious Pretences- 
 whatfoever. 
 
 The Peers, in another Addrefs, congratula- 
 ted the Duke of Ormonde^ on his Return 
 to his Native Country, and his being rein- 
 Hated in the Government of that King- 
 dom. 
 
 The Convocation of Ireland alfo attended 
 his Grace with an Addrefs ; wherein they 
 obferve, that the Clergy had Reafon to blefs 
 Almighty God, and thank her Majefty for 
 placing his Grace again over them ; to whofe 
 fuccefslul Mediation they not only owed the 
 Reftitution of their Right to fit in Convocation, 
 with every Parliament ; but in great Meafure 
 alfo her Majefty's remitting the twentieth 
 Parts, and granting the firft Fruits to pur- 
 chafe Improprktions, as well as that Royal 
 Bounty which had been lately extended to the 
 College of Dublin ; and pray that her Ma- 
 jefly may never want fo faithful a Minifter, 
 the Church fo good a Friend, or that King- 
 dom fo acceptable a Governor. About the 
 fame Time, the Prolocutor of the Lower Houfe 
 of Convocation, with his AiTerTors, and the 
 other Members of that Houfe, attended the 
 Upper Houfe of Convocation, with the fol- 
 lowing MefTage : 
 
 May it pleaj'e your Grates and Lordjhips y 
 f 'TT^HE Lower Houfe of Convocation, 
 preferving a juft and due of Senfe ot 
 c }x-.jr Graces and Lordfhips paternal Care 
 
 c over
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 375 
 
 * over them, and tender Regards for the Rights 
 
 * of Convocation, fo often and feafonably 
 c {hewn fince their happy Reftoration and 
 
 * Revival by her moft gracious Majefty ; and 
 ' more particularly by your Graces and Lord- 
 4 fhips moft undaunted and generous Refufal 
 
 * to join in an illegal and groundlefs Affertion 
 
 * or Opinion, that feveral of their Members had 
 c acted in Derogation to her Majefty's Prero- 
 
 * gativc, and might be profecuted by Way of 
 e Information or Indictment, for Words in- 
 ' ferted in a Proteft by them figned, and en- 
 c tered into the Books of their Houfc, June 
 1 the 30th, 17095 and alfo for your Graces 
 
 * and Lordfhips vigorous Refolution to com- 
 
 * plain to the Lords in Parliament of thofe 
 c Men, who had, in Compliance of the then 
 e powerful Faction, given under their Hands 
 
 * the faid Affertion or Opinion for Lav/ j and 
 
 * likewife for your Graces and Lordihips at the 
 
 * fame Time ordering and impowering two 
 ' very Worthy and Right Reverend Members 
 
 * of your moft venerable Body, to undertake a 
 ' dangerous and expeniive Voyage an d Journey, 
 
 * *at a moft difcouraging Juncture, to lay the 
 ' whole Affair inatrueLight before her Majefty ; 
 f whereby the Rights of Convocation, thePcr- 
 c fons and Fortunes of feveral of their Reverend 
 4 and Worthy Members, were preferved, and 
 
 * the lower Clergy vindicated and iiipported : 
 
 * Have commanded me, in their Names, to 
 
 x return your Graces and Lordfhips their 
 
 4 moft folemn Thanks ; their moil humbL- 
 
 A a 2 and
 
 376 ?he LIFE of the 
 
 * and hearty Acknowledgments for your" 
 < Graces and Lordmips great Watchfulnefs, 
 ' difmterefted Zeal, and paternal Regard at all 
 ' Tinges for the Rights of Convocation ; par- 
 
 * ticularly for your Graces and Lord/hips juft 
 
 * and feafonable Resolution of Anguft the 5th, 
 s 1700: Wherein your Graces and Lord- 
 
 * mips with a primitive Courage truly declare, 
 
 * that the Convocation of Ireland have a Right 
 to be fummoned, and meet with every Par- 
 c 1 lament that is called in this Kingdom ; and 
 
 * is truly a parliamentary affifting Body, con- 
 c vened by the Queen's Writ, and hath Rights, 
 ' Powers, and Privileges of its own ; and that 
 ' the Members thereof ought, and may fre- 
 
 * ly debate and give their Opinions in allMat- 
 ' ters that (hall come before them ; for all 
 ' which, and many other Inflances of your 
 
 * Graces and Lordihips Juftice to the Rights 
 
 * of Con vocation in general, and of their Houfe 
 
 * in particular ; they do by me moft humbly 
 ' take Leave to aflare your Graces and Lord- 
 c fhips, that they will endeavour to demon- 
 4 {bate to the World, that no Time, no Pow- 
 ' er, no Management, mall ever be able to ob- 
 
 * literate and leffen thofe moft dutiful and 
 4 grateful Sentiments, wherewith your Graces 
 ' and Lordihips Favour, Patronage, and Pro- 
 tedion, have juftly fill'd their Hearts.' 
 
 They alib returned their Thanks to the 
 Bifhops of Ortry and Kilaloe y for fo chear- 
 fully undertaking that dangerous and expen- 
 five Voyage and Journey for the Service of 
 
 1 the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 377 
 
 the Convocation, and the Prefervation of fe- 
 veral of their wcr:hy Members, from the 
 Ruin threaten'd them by iil-defigning Men, 
 and for their refolute Adhering to the juft and 
 efiential Rights of their Houie. 
 . The Commons o Ireland on the other 
 hand, being highly incenfed.at thofe Words 
 in the Lords Addrefs to the Queen > -That what 
 her Majefty wasgracicuJlypleafedtG brficw on the 
 College of Dublin, 'ivas given at fuch a 'Junc- 
 ture ', as mufl teftify to-the World., that it was not 
 given to promote thcj'e principles , upon -which it 
 iv as fir /I applied for , drew up an Addrefs to 
 her Majefty ; wherein they acquaint her, that 
 the found Revolution Principles, they mention- 
 ed, onlyrelated-to the late Revolution - y and that 
 they' had the utnioft Abhorrence andDetefhtion 
 of ail Principles that had any Tendency to any 
 other Revolutic?!) or to weaken- her Majeily's 
 undoubted hereditary and parliamentary Right; 
 and they prayed, that her Majefty would not 
 fufier any wrong Impreflion of her mod loyal 
 Commons to take Place in her Royal Breaft. 
 
 The Lords in an Addrefs to her Majefty, 
 by Way of Anfwer to the Commons Addrci's, 
 obferve, that, however her Majefty may judly 
 approve the Conda6t of the College of 'Dub- 
 lin, in the late Revolution, they Itiil hurr.hlv 
 conceive, That her lAn]ejly did rict extend L r 
 Bounty to tlcir^ t f . y-r.'/.v;^- in t'-:,-;-i?/ Revolu- 
 tion Principles-, Pnnc/plcs^ iicbich L>S explained 
 by the Pamphlets and Libels publicly (ivcii-ed and 
 celebrated by Men df factious andjeditious 
 A a 3
 
 378 The LIFE of the 
 
 per;, and particularly by a Sermon preached on 
 the 30th of January, and dedicated to tins very 
 Jioufe of Commons, 'without Cenfure or Ani- 
 maduerfion, do t in great Meafure^ maintain and 
 jujlify the execrable Murder of King Charles the 
 Fir& } &r Royal 'Grandfather -, and on which might 
 be founded any Rebellion againji her Majefty 
 and her SucceJJors ; and they took Leave to fay 
 that the Commons having mentioned the ftea- 
 dy Adherence of the Provoft and Fellows of 
 the College to the late Revolution, as one 
 Confideration of their Application for the 
 Five Thoufand Pounds, the fubfequent Motive 
 mentioned in that Vote, viz for the Encou- 
 ragement of found Revolution Principles, cannot, 
 in good Reafon Or Grammar, be referred to 
 the late Revolution, was a diftincl: Motive of 
 itfelf, and it is the known Nature of Princi- 
 ples to be the Rule and Guide of future as 
 well as pail Actions. 
 
 On the r 8th of Auguft^ Alderman Thomas 
 %uin> a troublefome fa&ious Citizen, who had 
 formerly been Lord Mayor of Dublin -, being 
 again elected into that Office, the Duke 
 of Or;;/sW^ difapproved the Election : Where- 
 upon the former Lord Mayor and Aldermen 
 appealed to the Queen by Petition, which they 
 tranfmitted to England , but, the Queen ap- 
 proving the Proceedings of the Lord Lieute- 
 nant and Council, the following Letter was 
 tent to his Grace : 
 
 My
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 379 
 
 My Lord, Whitehall, Sept. 27. 1711, 
 * The Cafe of the late Election of a Lord 
 Mayor in the City of Dublin , as ftated by Mr. 
 Attorney and Mr. Sollicitor-General or' Ire- 
 land \ and tranfmitted hither by your Grace, as' 
 likewife the Petition of the City, have been 
 lain before the Queen ; and herMajefty, ha- 
 ving taken the fame into her Confideration, 
 commands me to acquaint you, that (he ap- 
 proves of your Grace, and her Privy-Coun- 
 cil, afferting the Rights of the Crown, to dif- 
 approve of all Peribns elected Mayors by 
 the Court of Aldermen, when you judge it 
 proper fo to do.' 
 
 lam, &c. 
 
 DARTMOUTH. 
 
 The Court of Aldermen proceeding after- 
 wards to chufe Alderman Watfon^ he was alfo 
 difapproved of, as likewife Alderman Pierfon 
 but, Alderman Gore being chofen, the Govern- 
 ment thought fit to approve of him., though 
 his Principles were not much different from 
 thofe of his Brethren who preceded him. 
 
 The Reverend Mr. Francis Higgins^ being 
 a'bout this Time put into the Commiffion of 
 the Peace, and dining with the Juftices at the 
 Michaelmas SefTion at Dublin the Fourth of 
 O&o&epj the Gentlemen of Dublin, to mew 
 their Refpedt to the Government, put about 
 feveral Wkivgijh Healths ; to one of which 
 Mr. Higgins added, and 'who, izben they cannot 
 , 'will patiently fuffer: For which he w-as 
 A a 4 'not
 
 380 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 not only infulted at the Table, but the Grand 
 jury was prevailed upon the next Day to pre- 
 fent him as a common Difturber of her Maje- 
 fty's Peace, and a Sower of Sedition j and they 
 defired the Bench to concur with them in laying 
 this Prefentment before the Lord Chancellor, 
 and in deliring him to turn Mr. Higgins out 
 of the Commiflion of the Peace : But, the 
 Matter having been heard before the Coun- 
 cil, his Profecution was found to be only the 
 Effect of Whiggijh Malice, and Mr. Higgins 
 was continued in the Commiffion of the Peace, 
 to the Satisfaction of her Majefty's loyal Sub- 
 jects ; on which above Prefentment of Mr. 
 Htggfns, Mr. Salmon, in his Hiftory of England, 
 mentions the following Justification of that 
 Reverend Gentleman by the Lower Houfe of 
 Convocation in his Favour: 
 
 Whereas the Reverend Mr. Francis Hig-. 
 ' gi72s, a Member of this Houfe, has lately in 
 ' a Paper printed and publiflied been repre- 
 
 * fented and charged with having behaved 
 ' himfelf formerly, in a Manner turbulent, 
 c and unbecoming the Character of the facred 
 
 * Function of a Clergyman : 
 
 * And whereas he is alfo in the fame Paper 
 
 * charged as an heinous Difturber of her Ma- 
 c jefty's Peace, and Sower of Sedition and 
 
 * groundiefs Jealoufies amongfl her Majefly's 
 4 Proteflant Subjects : 
 
 c We, the Lower Houfe of Convocation, 
 
 * think ourfelves obliged, in Juftice to theCha- 
 
 * racier of our Member, to declare tliatthe faid 
 
 ' Mr.
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 381 
 
 1 Mr. Higgim has, ever fince his being a 
 
 1 Member of this Houfe, behaved himfelf a- 
 
 * greeable to the Charad:er of the facred Func- 
 4 tionof a Clergyman j and hath, both in his 
 
 * Life and Doctrine, upon all Occafions fhewn 
 c himfelf to be a good Chriflian and a loyal 
 < Subject.' 
 
 And now the Parliament of Ireland^ having 
 difpatched the Bufineis that was before them, 
 was prorogued to the Second of September, 
 17125 and the Convocation was prorogued to 
 the fame Time. 
 
 Thus we fee there was a Faction in Ireland, 
 as well as in England t zealous in propagating 
 Revolution Principles ; not only approving and 
 defending the late Revolution in 1688 (when 
 our Conftitution, Civil and Ecclefiaftical, was 
 upon the Point of being totally fubverted, and 
 the Prince afliimed an arbitrary Dominion) 
 but fuggefting, that, whenever the Adaiiniflra- 
 tion was not agreeable to the Tafte of the 
 People, they were at Liberty to refifl their 
 Prince, renounce their Allegiance, and bring 
 about another Revolution : That the Queen 
 had no Right to the Crown by Inheritance, 
 but was purely the Officer and Creature of the 
 Populace, her Sovereign Subjects, who might 
 dcpofe, judge, and condemn her, as they did 
 her Royal Grandfather, whenever they cpprc- 
 bended me did not confult the Good of the 
 People, that is, fays Salmon^ the Whigs - y who, 
 though a very confiderable Minority, ever af- 
 fume the Title of the People of EJI gland, and, 
 
 under
 
 382 -tteLIFEoft&e 
 
 under that Denomination, it appears they mur- 
 dered King Charles. But, if this Principle is 
 admitted, it is absolutely impoflible that ei- 
 ther a Monarchy, or any other Kind of Go- 
 vernment, can fubiift many Moons j but their 
 Revolutions will probably be fwifter than thofe 
 of that changeable Planet. By this Princi- 
 ple of perpetual Rotation, we mould be in a 
 worfe Condition than the Poles, ever electing 
 and ever depofing our Governors, till weareour- 
 felves deftroyed in the bloody Conteft. Thefe 
 Principles ought therefore to be ftrittly guard- 
 ed' againft, both by Prince and People, if we 
 fiave any Regard to the Welfare of either. 
 It is. true fbme unthinking Men may imagine 
 it a great Happinefs to be able to call their 
 Governors to Account, when- their Admini- 
 ft ration does not pleafe them : But, if they 
 would eonfider, fuch Notions may put Princes 
 upon becoming Tyrants, and aiTuming an ar- 
 bitrary Dominion, which they had never 
 thought of, perhaps, if they had not been ter- 
 rified into it by fuch Lectures of Rebellion. 
 Could any one blame a Prince, who was told, 
 fchat, by the Confutation of his Country, the 
 People might call him to an Account, when- 
 ever they did not like his Adminiftration, if he 
 rhould endeavour to fecurc his Dominion by 
 iing Forces, or by any other Means ? Self- 
 preiervation is a Principle that operates very 
 i-trongly, and will be apt to make Men form 
 very partial, and, perhaps, defperate Schemes 
 tiecure tlieir Poffefffon. I look upon thofe 
 
 Gen-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 383 
 
 Gentlemen therefore as much better Friends to 
 the People, as well as the Prince they live un- 
 der, who are ready to allow their Sovereign his 
 jufl and legal Prerogatives, and not to exalt the 
 Power of the People to fuch a Degree, as to 
 put him upon keeping up {landing Armies, and 
 breaking in upon the Conftitution in other In- 
 ftances, purely to preferve himfelf ; for the 
 pretended Advocates of the People, by a too 
 forward Zeal to preferve the Conftitution, do_, 
 in Reality, all that lies in their Power to de- 
 flroy it ; and, with Liberty and Property in 
 their Mouths, may, in the End, draw upon us 
 an irrefiflible Tyranny. 
 
 But it is farther obfervable, that thofe, who 
 are fuch Libertines in Government, are equal- 
 ly fo in Religion ; they will no more fubmit 
 to God, than to Cafar : Every Ecclefiaflical 
 Inflitution is look'd upon as an Encroachment 
 on their Native Rights, and putting Shackles 
 upon Mankind who were born in a State of 
 Freedom, and ought to be indulged therefore 
 in whatever is right in their own Eyes, in rc- 
 ligiousas well as civil Matters : And it is lurpri- 
 fmg to find, that fuch Men mould meet with 
 Encouragement from the Fathers and Gover- 
 nors of any Church, or indeed irom any civil 
 Magiftrate : But to fuch Extreams do Party- 
 prejudiccs fometimes drive unhappy Men, that 
 Infidels, Debauchees, and the moil profligate 
 People, have been look'd upon as the befl 
 Friends to the Government j .nav, -it has been
 
 384 The LIFE of the 
 
 lain down as a Maxim by fome lewd Mor- 
 tals, that the Way to make good Subjects is 
 to eradicate all Principles of Religion and 
 Worfhip, and to countenance Luxury, Irreli- 
 gion, and Prophanenefs, by every infernal Ar- 
 tifice ; but fuch abandoned Wretches, furely, 
 can be Friends to no Government, where the 
 Sacred Oracles of Divine Truth are in any 
 Veneration ; for there it is declared, that 
 Right eoufnefs exalteth a Nation, and Shi is the 
 Reproach of any People. And again, Fake a- 
 waj the Wicked from before the King^ and his 
 Throne flail be ejlabliflcd in Righteoufnefs, 
 Prov. xxv. 5. 
 
 The Duke of MaHbcrcugfrs Conduct having 
 given the Queen Difplcafure, her Majefty remo- 
 ved him from all his Employments, and nomi- 
 nated the Duke of Ormonde, in January 1711-12, 
 Commander in Chief of her Maiefty's Forces, 
 within the Kingdom of Great-Britain^ and 
 of thofe employed, or to be employed Abroad, 
 :n Oonjunclion with the Troops of the Allies - 9 
 ;ind in Febr'ttary his fatal CommifTion was 
 irgn'd, appointing his Grace Captain- Gene ir.l 
 '1 and finpiilar her Majcfly's Force? raifcd, 
 > be raifed and employed in her Service, 
 within the Kingdom nf GrcAt-Bj-Jtuin, or 
 xvhich vrcrc or fnould be employed Abroad, 
 in Conjunction with the Troops of her Allies. 
 Or. the 9th of April his Grace fet cut from 
 ILoiidon to Flanders, accompanied on his Way 
 by a great many of the Nobility and Perfons 
 ,)iflintion ; on the 6tli of May he ar- 
 rived
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 385 
 
 rived at the City of Tournay, under a triple 
 Salvo of the Artillery, and -was entertained at 
 Supper by the Earl of Albemarle, with Prince 
 Eugene of Savoy, the Deputies of the States, 
 and fome other Perfons of Note j and 
 afterwards his Grace went to his Quar- 1712. 
 ters in the Abbey of St. Martin. 
 The next Day General -Lumley came to com- 
 pliment his Grace, and in the Evening returned 
 to Brjieux, where the Britijh Troops were en- 
 camped, having affifted at a long Conference 
 held between Prince Eugene, the Duke of 
 Ormonde, the Deputies of the States, the Earl 
 of Albemarle, and feveral other Generals. 
 
 On the 21 ft his Grace, accompanied by 
 Prince Eugene, left rfcurnay, and at their De- 
 parture were faluted with a triple Difcharge 
 of the Cannon, and went to take a View of 
 the Fortifications of Douay, and from thence 
 proceeded to the Camp of Marchienms. The 
 Duke of Ormonde took up his Quarters at the 
 Abbey, bearing the fame Name, and Prince Eu- 
 gene his at Anchin. On the 23d his Grace re- 
 viewed the Right Wing of the firft Line of his 
 Army, confifbing of all the Britijh Troop?, 
 then in the Camp, and 16 Squadrons of Dra- 
 goons of the Auxiliary Troops in, her Maje- 
 fty's Pay, all which made a very fine Appear- 
 ance. After the Review was over, his Grace 
 entertained Prince Eugejie and the General 
 Officers of both Armies at Dinner. His Grace 
 was on the 24th at Bouchain, to view the For- 
 tification 1 ^
 
 3 86 The LIFE of the 
 
 tifkations, and General Fagefs Camp on the 
 other fide the Scheld. 
 
 Upon a Review of the Army aflembled be- 
 tween Douay and Marchiennes, it was found to 
 coniift of 295 Squadrons, and 143 Battalions, 
 amounting in the Whole to 122,250 effective 
 Men : With thefe Forces the Generals march- 
 ed towards the Enemy. But the Duke of Or- 
 monde declared to Prince Eugene > that the Queen, 
 having aProfpedl: that the Negotiations of Peace 
 would prove fuccefsful, had given him Orders, 
 not to acl: offenfively againft the Enemy ; of 
 which Declaration the Prince and the Deputies 
 in the Army foon fent Advice to the Hague ; 
 whereupon the Deputies of the States com- 
 plained to the Bifhop of Briftol, that thefe Or- 
 ders were given without their Concurrence. 
 But his Excellency told them her Majefty had 
 much more Reafon for Complaint, fince, not- 
 withftanding all the Advances me had made 
 from Time to Time to the States, in order 
 to encourage them to enter with her upon a 
 Plan of Peace, their High Mightineffes had 
 not anfwered her as they ought, and as her 
 Majefty hoped they would : And therefore 
 they ought not to be fur prized, if her Majefty 
 did now think herfelf at Liberty to enter into 
 feparate Meafures, in order to obtain Peace : 
 However, her Majefty in Hopes, that at length 
 the Confederates would be wrought upon by 
 her Goodnefs to join with her in procuring a 
 general Peace, did condefcend to permit the 
 J&uke of Or/z$</<? to concur with them in a
 
 Duke $/* ORMONDE. ' 387 
 
 Siege, and the Confederates thereupon &t 
 down before >uefnoy. 
 
 Great Efforts were made in the Houie of 
 Lords, to procure the Cenfure of that illuf- 
 trious AfTembly, upon the Orders given to the 
 Duke of Ormonde, not to aft offen/ivefy, but the 
 Attempt was baffled on the 28th of the 
 lame Month, viz. May, a Motion being made 
 in the Houfe of Commons, and the Queftion 
 being put, ' That an humble Addrefs be pre- 
 fented to her Majefty, humbly to acquaint 
 her Majefty, that her fakhful Commons are 
 juflly alarmed at the Intelligences received 
 from Abroad, that her General in Flan- 
 ders has declined to act offensively againft 
 France y in Concurrence with her Allies ; 
 and, being under the deepeft Concern for the 
 dangerous Confequences which muft arile 
 from thence to the common Caufe, do with 
 all Humility beieech her Majefty, that fpee- 
 dy Inftructions may be given to her Gene- 
 ral in Flanders t to profecute the War with 
 the utmoft Vigour, in Conjunction with her 
 Allies, as the beft Means to obtain a fafe and 
 honourable Peace for her Majefty, and all of 
 them ; and to quiet the Minds of her Peo- 
 ple, who cannot but be extremely appre- 
 henfive of the fatal Confequences of Hich a 
 Divifion :' It was not only rejected by a. 
 great Majority, viz, 203 Voices againft 37, 
 but they came alfo to this Refolution, name- 
 ly, ' That this Houfe had an entire Confi- 
 * dence in her Maiefty's moft gracious Pro- 
 
 '*
 
 388 Tie LIFE of 
 
 mife, to communicate to her Parliament the 
 Terms of the Peace before the lame fhould 
 be concluded ; and that they will fupport 
 her Majefty in obtaining an honourable and 
 fafe Peace, againft all fuch Perfons either at 
 Home or Abroad, who have endeavoured, 
 or {hall endeavour to obftrudt the fame.' 
 The Refolution being lain before her Majefty, 
 the 3Oth of May, me faid, Gentlemen, I 
 thank you mcft heartily for this Refolution, 
 ivhich is dutiful to me, hcneft to cur Country, 
 and very feafonable at this Time, 'when fo many 
 Artifices are made ufe of to cbftruff a good 
 Peace, or- tojorce one difadvantageous to Bri- 
 tain. 
 
 In the Debate of the Houfe of Lords, con- 
 cerning the Orders given the Duke of Or- 
 monde, not to atJ offenfively, it being faid by a 
 Relation of the Duke's, that he was concerned 
 for the Duke of Ormonde's Reputation, that he 
 ihould be the Inftrument in fuch a Proceed- 
 ing : Earl PeW^anfwered, That no Body could 
 doubt the Duke of Ormonde's Bravery. But 
 that he was not like a certain Lord, ivho led 
 Troops to the Slaughter, that a great Number 
 of Officers might be knocked on the Head in a 
 Battle , or again ft Stone Walk, in order to Jill 
 his Pockets by dtjpofing of their Commi/jions. 
 
 This fevere Reflection met with no Anfwer 
 in the Houfe ; but it was not many Days be- 
 fore the Duke of Mar thorough fent the Author 
 of it a Challenge by the Lord Mohun, imagi- 
 ning it was intended againft him. Indeed, 
 
 by
 
 of ORMONDE. 389 
 
 by the Mediation of Friends, and her Maje- 
 fty's Authority, the Matter was made up ; 
 but I remember the Town was very merry, 
 that our intrepid General mould pitch upon a 
 Man, who could not fee to the Point of his 
 Sword, to wreak his Vengeance on. 
 
 On the 6th of June, the Queen came to the 
 Houfc of Peers, and, the Commons being fent 
 for up, herMajefty, according to herPromife, 
 communicated to them the Terms on which 
 a Peace might be had, in the following 
 Speech, viz. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen, 
 
 ' nr^ H E making Peace and War is the 
 6 undoubted Prerogative of the Crown 5 
 
 * yet fuch is the juft Confidence I place in 
 ' you, that, at the Opening of this Seffion, I 
 ' acquainted you that a Negotiation for a ge- 
 ' neral Peace was begun j and afterwards, by 
 
 * Meflages, I promifed to communicate to 
 
 * you the Terms of Peace before the fame 
 ' mould be concluded. 
 
 f In Purfuance of that Promife, I now 
 1 come to let you know upon what Terms a 
 
 * general Peace may be made. 
 
 * I need not mention the Difficulties which 
 4 arife from the very Nature of this Affair ; 
 
 * and it is but too apparent, that thefe Difficul- 
 ' ties have been encreafed by other Obftruc- 
 
 * tions, artfully contrived to hinder this great 
 
 * and good Work. 
 
 Bb No-
 
 Toe LIFE of 
 
 { Nothing, however, has moved me from? 
 
 * fteadily purfuing, in the firft Place, the true 
 e IntereAs of my own Kingdoms; and I 
 
 * have not omitted any Thing, which might 
 ' procure to all our Allies what is due to them- 
 
 * by Treaties, and what is neceflary for their 
 1 Security. 
 
 * The Afluring the Protejtant Succejfion, as 
 ' by Law eflablifhed in theHoufe of Hanover y 
 ' to thefe Kingdoms, being what I have near- 
 e eft at Heart, particular Care is taken not only 
 ' to have that acknowledged in the ftrongeft 
 
 * Terms, but to have an additional Security by 
 1 the Removal of that Perfon out of the Do- 
 c minions of France, who has pretended to 
 c difturb this Settlement. 
 
 ' The Apprehenfion that Spain and the 
 c Weft-Indies might be united to France^ was 
 
 * the chief Inducement to begin this War ;. 
 
 * and the effectual preventing of fuch an U-* 
 c nion was the Principle I laid down, at the 
 ' Commencement of this Treaty. Former 
 ' Examples, and the late Negotiations, fuffi- 
 
 * ciently mew how difficult it is to find 
 ' Means to accomplish this Work : I would 
 c not content myfelf with fuch as are fpecu- 
 ' lative, or depend upon Treaties only j I in- 
 ' fifted on what was folid, and to have at 
 ' Hand the Power of executing what fhould 
 4 be agreed. 
 
 * I can therefore now tell you, that 
 ' France at laft is brought to offer, that the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 391 
 
 c Duke of Anjou {hall for himfelf, and his 
 ( Defendants, renounce, for ever, all Claim to 
 
 * the Crown of France ; and, that this impor- 
 ' tant Article may be expofedto no Hazard, the 
 
 * Performance is to accompany the Promife. 
 
 At the fame Time the Succeffion to the 
 
 * Crown of France is to be declared, after the 
 
 * Death of the prefent Dauphin and his Sons, 
 ' to be on the Duke of Berry and his Sons, 
 c on the Duke of Orleans and his Sons, and fo 
 c on to the reft of the Houfe of Bourbon. 
 
 ' As to Spain and the Indies, the Succeffion 
 
 * to thofe Dominions, after the Duke of An- 
 s jou and his Children, is to defcend to fuch 
 
 * Prince as mail be agreed upon at the Trea- 
 
 * ty, for ever excluding the reft of the Houfe 
 ' of Bourbon. 
 
 f For confirming the Renunciations and 
 
 * Settlements before mentioned, it is further 
 ' offered, that they (hculd be ratified in the 
 
 * moft ftrong and folemn Manner, both in. 
 ' France and Spain, and that thofe Kingdoms, 
 
 * as well as all the other Powers engaged in 
 ' the prefent War, mail be Guarantees to the 
 1 fame. 
 
 ' The Nature of this Propofal is fuch, that 
 
 * it executes itfelf ; the Intereft of Spain is to 
 c fupport it j and in France^ the Perfons, to 
 c whom that Succeffion is to belong, will be 
 ' ready and powerful enough to vindicate 
 
 * their own Right. 
 
 ' France and Spain are now more efFectual- 
 
 * ly divided than ever ; and thus, by the Blef- 
 
 B b 2 < fmg 
 
 I
 
 392 "The LIFE of ths 
 
 * fing of God, will a real Ballance of Power 
 
 * be fixed in Europe, and remain liable to 
 
 * as few Accidents, as human Affairs can be 
 c exempted from. 
 
 * A Treaty of Commerce between thefc 
 ' Kingdoms and France has been entered up- 
 ' on ; but the excelfive Duties laid on fome 
 ' Goods, and the Prohibitions of others, make 
 ' k knpoffible to finrfh this Woik as foon as it 
 ' were to be defired j Care is however taken 
 ' to eftablifh a Method of fettling this Matter, 
 c and in the mean Time Provision is made, that 
 
 * the fame Privileges and Advantages, as mail 
 ' be granted to any other Nation by France, 
 ' {hall be granted in like Manner to us. 
 
 c The Divifion of the Ifland of St. Cbriflo- 
 
 * fiber, between us and the French, having 
 been made the Caufe of great Inconveniency 
 ' and Damage to my Subjects, I have de- 
 c manded to have an abfolute Ceffion made 
 ' to me of the whole Ifland, and France agrees 
 ' to this Demand. 
 
 ' Our Intercft is fo deeply concerned rn the 
 ' Trade of North America, that I have ufed 
 ' my utmoft Endeavours to adjuft that Article 
 ' in the moil beneficial Manner. France 
 ' confents to reftore us the whole Bay and 
 
 * Streights of Hudfon j to deliver up the I- 
 ' fland of Newfoundland, with Place?itia; and 
 c to make an abfolute Ceffion of Annapolis^ 
 c with the reft of Nova Scotia cr Acadie : 
 
 * The Safety of our Home Trade will be bet- 
 
 * ter
 
 Dttie of ORMONDE. 393 
 
 ter provided for by the Demolition of Dun- 
 kirk. 
 
 ' Our Mediterranean Trade, and the Bri- 
 tifli Influence and Intereft in thofe Parts, 
 will be fecured by the PoiTeffion of Gibral- 
 tar and Port-mahon, with the whole I- 
 fland of Minorca, which are offered to re- 
 main in my Hands. 
 
 6 The Trade to Spain and the Weft-Indies 
 
 may in general be fettled, as it was in the 
 
 Time of the late King of Spain, Charles the 
 
 lid ; and a particular Provifion be made, that 
 
 all Advantages, Rights, and Privileges, which 
 
 have been granted, or may hereafter be grant- 
 
 : ed by Spaiti to any other Nation, mall be in 
 
 1 like Manner granted to the Subjects of Great- 
 
 : Britain. 
 
 * But, the Part wjiich we have borne in the 
 : Profecution of this War entitling us to fome 
 ' Distinction in the Terms of Peace, I have in- 
 ' fifted and obtained, that the Affimto^ or Con- 
 
 < tract for furnifhing the Spanijk W 'eft-Indies 
 ( with Negroes, (hall be made with us for the 
 4 Term of thirty Years, in the fame Manner 
 c as it has been enjoyed by the French for 
 ' ten Years paft. 
 
 ' I have not taken upon me to determine the 
 
 * Interests of our Cjiucdcrates ; thefe muft be 
 
 * adjufted in the Congrefs of Utrecht, where 
 
 * my beft Endeavours mall be employed, as 
 
 < they have .hitherto conftantly been, to pro- 
 
 * cure to every one of them all juft and rea.- 
 
 B b 3 . " fonable
 
 394 22* LIFE of the 
 
 * fonable Satisfaction : In the mean Time, I 
 c think it proper to acquaint you, that France 
 f offers to make the Rhine the Barrier of the 
 c Empire ; to yield Brifack, the Fort of Kehl, 
 c and Landau, and to raze all the FortrefTes 
 c both on the other Side of the Rhine , and on 
 that River. 
 
 ' As to the Proteftant Intereft in Germany, 
 ' there will be on the Part of France no Ob- 
 c jection to the refettling thereof on the Foot 
 e of the Treaty of Wejlphalia. 
 
 c The Spanifh Low-Countries may go to his 
 ' Imperial Majefty j the Kingdoms of Naples 
 c and Sardinia, the Dutchy of Milan, and the 
 ' Places belonging to Spain, on the Coafl of 
 c Tufcany^ may likewife be yielded by the 
 ' Treaty of Peace to the Emperor. 
 
 c As to the Kingdom of Sicily, tho' there 
 c remains no Difpute concerning the Ceffion 
 c of it by the Duke of Anjou, yet the Dif- 
 e pofition thereof is not yet determined. 
 
 c The Interefts of the States-General, with 
 c Refpecl: to Commerce, are agreed to, as 
 c . they have been demanded by their own Mi- 
 e nifters, with the Exception only of fome very 
 c few Species of Merchandize ; and the entire 
 ' Barrier, as demanded by the States in 1709 
 e from France., except two or three Places 
 c at moft. 
 
 ' As to thefe Exceptions, feveral Expedients 
 f are propofed, and I make no Doubt but this 
 ' Barrier may be fo fettled, as to render that 
 * Republic perfectly fecure againft any Enter- 
 prise
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 395 
 
 prize on the Part of France ; which is the 
 Foundation of all my Engagements upon 
 this Head with the States. 
 
 * The Demands of Portugal depending on 
 the Difpofition of Spain, and that Article 
 having been long in Difpute, it has not 
 been yet poflible to make any confiderable 
 Progrefs therein, but my Plenipotentiaries 
 will now have an Opportunity to affift that 
 King in his Pretenfions. 
 
 ' Thofe of the King of Priiffia are fuch 
 as I hope will admit of little Difficulty on 
 the Part of France; and my utmoft En- 
 deavours (hall not be wanting to procure alf 
 I am able to fo good an Ally. 
 
 '* The Difference between the Barrier de- 
 manded for the Duke of -Savoy in 1709, 
 and the Offers now made by France, .is very 
 inconfiderablej but, that Prince having fo fig- 
 nally diftinguifhed himfelf in the Service of 
 the common Caufe, I am endeavouring to 
 procure for him ftill farther Advantages. 
 
 { France has confented, that the ElecJor 
 Palatine (hall continue his prefent Rank 
 among the Electors, and remain in Poilef- 
 fion of the Upper Palatinate. 
 
 c The Electoral Dignity is likewife acknow- 
 ledged in the Houfe of Hanover, according 
 to the Article inferted, at that Prince's De- 
 iire, in my Demands. 
 
 c And, as to the reft of the Allies, I make 
 no Doubt of being able to fecure their feveral 
 Interefts. 
 
 B b 4 My
 
 3 g6 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen^ 
 
 c I have now communicated to you, not 
 1 only the Terns of Peace, which may by 
 4 the future Treaty be obtained for my own 
 ' Subjects, but likewife the Propofals of France 
 
 * for fatistying our Allies. 
 
 4 The former are fuch as I have Reafon 
 4 to expect to make my People fome Amends, 
 
 * for that great and unequal Burthen, which 
 
 * they have lain under, through the whole 
 
 * Courfe of the War j and I am willing to 
 4 hope, that none of our Confederates, and 
 
 * efpecially thofe to whom fo great Acceffions 
 c of Dominion and Power are to accrue, by 
 
 * this Peace, will envy Britain her Share in 
 4 the Glory and Advantage of it. 
 
 4 The latter are not yet fo perfectly adjufted, 
 4 as a little more Time might have rendered 
 4 them ; but, the Seafon of the Year making 
 4 it necefTary to put an End to this Seffion, 
 4 I refolved no longer to defer communicating 
 
 * thefe Matters to you. 
 
 * I can make no Doubt but you are fully per- 
 
 4 fuaded, that nothing will be neglected on 
 
 4 my Part, in the Progrefs of the Negotiation, 
 
 * to bring the Peace to an happy and fpeedy 
 4 Iflue 5 and I depend on your entire Confi- 
 4 dence in me, and on your chearful Concur- 
 
 * rence with me.' 
 
 On the 9th of *June the Commons waited 
 on her Majefty, with the following Addrefs 
 ol" Thanks, for communicating to them the 
 
 Terms,
 
 -Dufa'of ORMONDE. 397 
 
 Terms, on which a Peace might be had 
 
 viz. 
 
 Moft gracious Sovereign, 
 
 ( We your Majefty's moft dutiful and loyal 
 
 * Subjects, the Commons of Great-Britain 
 f in Parliament afiembled, beg Leave moft 
 
 * humbly to acknowledge your Majefty's great 
 c Condefcenfi n, in communicating to us the 
 ' Terms, upon which a general Peace may be 
 ' made. 
 
 * Our Hearts are full of Gratitude, for 
 c what your Majefty has already done ; and we 
 ' want Words to exprefs the Satisfaction with 
 ' which we have received all that your Maje- 
 4 fty has been pleafed to impart to your Com- 
 
 * mons. 
 
 6 We have an entire Confidence in your 
 
 * Majefty, that you will fleadily purfue the 
 f true Intereft of your own Kingdoms, and 
 ' that you will endeavour to procure for ail 
 e your Allies what is due to them by Treaties, 
 { and what is neceffary for their Security. 
 
 * Thefe AfTurances are the leuft Returns 
 c which your faithful Commons can make 
 to fo much Condefcenfion and Goodnefe; 
 
 * and they humbly defire your Majeily, that 
 f you will pleafe to proceed in the prefent 
 4 Negotiations, for the obtaining a Ipecdy 
 ' Peace.' 
 
 Tier
 
 398 The LIFE of the 
 
 Her Majejlfs Anfwer'. 
 
 < T Have the Safety and Intereft of my Peo- 
 c J. pie fo much at Heart, that I cannot but 
 
 * take a great deal of Pleafure, in this your 
 
 * dutiful and prudent Addrefs, and thank you 
 
 * mod kindly for it. 
 
 * I have ftudied your Welfare, and by this 
 c you will find the good Effects of that Con- 
 c rldence, which you place in me, and which 
 
 * ought always to remain between fo affec- 
 
 * tionate a Prince and fuch faithful Sub- 
 
 * jeds/ 
 
 The Houfe of Lords alfo attended her Ma- 
 jefty with an Addrefs of Thanks, for com- 
 municating to them the Terms of Peace, the 
 i oth of June, in the following Words : 
 
 Moji gracious Sovereign, 
 
 WE your Majefty's moft dutiful and 
 loyal Subjects, the Lords Spiritual 
 and Temporal, in Parliament affembled, 
 beg Leave to return our humble Thanks 
 for your Majefty's mofl gracious Speech 
 from the Throne j and for your Majefty's 
 mofl extraordinary Condefcenfion, in com- 
 municating to your Parliament the Terms 
 upon which a general Peace may be made $, 
 and we cannot but exprefs our entire Satif- 
 faction in your Majefty's great Care, for fe- 
 curing the Protejlant SuccefBon, in the 
 Houfe of Hanover ; and for your Majefty's 
 
 ' fteadily
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 399 
 
 * fteadily purfuing, in the firft Place, the true 
 
 * Interefts of your own Kingdoms, and for 
 c endeavouring to procure to your Allies 
 ' what is due to them by Treaties, and what 
 1 is neceffary for their Safety : And we do with 
 1 all Humility aflure your Majefty, That this 
 c Houfe doth entirely rely on your Majefty's 
 c Wifdom to finifh this great and good Work? 
 
 Her Majeftfs Anfwer. 
 
 My Lords, 
 
 e T moft heartily thank you for this Ad- 
 c j[ drefs; the Satisfaction you exprefs, in 
 e what I have lain before you, will contribute 
 
 < very much to remove the Difficulties which 
 e have arifen in the Courfe of this Negotia- 
 c lion ; and the Confidence, you place in me, 
 e will enable me better to finifh this great 
 c Work, for the Advantage of my own Peo- 
 c pie, and the Safety and Intereft of my 
 
 < Allies.' 
 
 The Bifhop of Sf. 4Japb, in a Preface to 
 fome of his Sermons, reflecting upon her Ma- 
 jefty's Change of the Miniflry, and the Ad- 
 vances that had been made towards a Peace ; 
 the Commons, upon Reading it in the Houfe, 
 refolved, firft, that the jaid Preface is Ma~ 
 li'dous and Fatficus, highly refefling upon tht 
 prefent Admimflration cf the Public sffitirs, 
 under her Majefty, and tending to create Sedi- 
 tion andDifccrd among her Siibjefts. 2dly, That 
 
 tbf
 
 400 The LIFE of the 
 
 the faid Preface be burned by the Hands of tie 
 Common Hangman in the Palace- Yard,' Weft- 
 Hi infter ; and that the Sheriffs of London and 
 Middlefex do ajjijl the Serjeant at Arms, in 
 the Execution thereof - y which was performed 
 accordingly. 
 
 The States-General alfo fent over a Letter, 
 directed indeed to the Queen, but calculated 
 chiefly to raife the PafTions of the Mob, and 
 give them ill Impreffions of her Majefty, and 
 the Treaty me was carrying on ; which they 
 procured to be printed, and difperfed in Eng- 
 land, at the very Inftant, if not before, it came 
 to her Hands. 
 
 In this Letter they acquaint her Majefty, 
 that they are furprized and afflicted at the 
 two Declarations, made by the Duke of Or- 
 ^monde and the Bifhop of Bnftd : That after 
 her Majefty had affured them, her Troops 
 mould act with the ufual Vigour, it was very 
 difficult for them to conceive how an Order 
 mould be obtained againft their Acting offen- 
 iively; and they hoped they had given no 
 Ocean* on, by their Conduct, for that Decla- 
 ration made by the Bifhop of Briftol ; namely, 
 that Jhe held herfelf to be dif engaged from every 
 Obligation^ with Regard to them. They ac- 
 knowledged indeed, that her Majefty 's* Mi- 
 nifttrs, hc.d demanded to know of theirs, if 
 they were furnifhed with full Powers to treat 
 of a Peace (which it feems they were not;) 
 and that they had refufed to ccme into her 
 
 Majcfty'g
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 401 
 
 Majefty's Plan, left the Emperor mould have 
 taken Umbrage at it: But, 
 
 They faid, if they had fhewn fome Back- 
 wardnefs to aft in Concert with her Majefty, 
 they hoped fhe would attribute it only to 
 an Excefs of Prudence and Caution in them ; 
 and, if they had really acted contrary to their 
 Treaties and Engagements with her Majefty, {he 
 ought not immediately to look upon herfelf 
 as difengaged from all Obligations ^ till me had 
 reprefented wherein they had failed, and they 
 had refufed to have given Redref . That all 
 the Difference between her Majefty and them 
 was no more, if rightly confidered, than a 
 Difparity of Sentiments ; and if, for fuch a 
 Caufe, Confederates united by the ftrongeft 
 Ties might quit their Engagements, no En- 
 gagements could be relied on for the Time 
 to come. 
 
 The Houfe'of Commons, upon the publishing 
 this Letter in England, addrefled her Majefty, 
 and allured her, they had a juft Senfe of the 
 Indignity offered her Majefty, by printing and 
 publishing this Letter, and humbly defired her 
 Majefty, that me would fo far refent fuch In- 
 dignities, as to give no Anfwer, for the fu- 
 ture, to any Letters or Memorials that fhould 
 be fo printed or publifhed ; and foon after her 
 Majefty fent the following Anfwer to the 
 States. : 
 
 High
 
 402 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 High and Mighty Lords> Friends, Allies r 
 and Confederates : 
 
 * ' | N H E R E is nothing dearer to us, than. 
 e the Confervation of a good Under- 
 c {landing, and a perfect Union with your 
 fc State : This has been the principal Object 
 c of our Care ; and we have fo little Ground 
 c to accufe ourfelves, of having in the leaft 
 c contributed to the lefTening of the fame, that 
 
 * we reflect with Pleafure on the Pains we 
 c have taken in all the Inftances we have, 
 c made, that the Difputes which have hap- 
 c pencd, with Relation to the Interefts of the 
 
 * two Nations, mculd be amicably determined, 
 c fo as we might communicate our Thoughts 
 c to one another, without Referve, upon thofe 
 c of the Public ; for in the prefent Conjuncture 
 c of Affairs, there ought to be an equal Frank- 
 c nefs on both Sides, and a mutual Confi- 
 c dence. 
 
 * We fuppofe the Alarms, which you took 
 
 * on Account of the Declarations made by 
 c the Duke of Ormonde and the Bifhop of 
 c Briftol, are now over j and we repeat to you 
 c what we have fo often declared, that it will 
 
 * be your own Fault, as it has been in Time 
 
 * paft, if all our Meafures a*bout War, or 
 c Peace, be not taken in Concert with your 
 c State. 
 
 4 The Earl of Sir afford will be with you' 
 
 * in a few Days, with full Inftrudtions con- 
 cerning our Intentions : Our Minifters will 
 * be difpofed and authorized, to do all that is 
 
 ' incum-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE; 403 
 
 5 incumbent on us, to renew an entire Con- 
 
 * fidence with you, and to prevent, for the 
 
 * future, fuch Mifunderftandings as have been 
 ' fomented with fo much Artifice, and fo lit- 
 
 * tie Foundation. 
 
 * But we cannot pafs over in Silence our great 
 ' Surprize, to fee that your Letter of the 5th 
 
 * Inftant, N. S. was printed and publilhed 
 ' almoft as foon as we received it from the 
 ' Hands of your Minifter j a Proceeding 
 
 * which is equally contrary to good Politics 
 
 * and Decency : "Tis a Remonftrance, injlead of 
 ' a Representation^ and an Appeal to the Peo- 
 fc ple y injlead of an Addrcfi to the Sovereign. 
 
 * We hope that you will not fuffer the like to 
 be done again j for our Honour will engage 
 ' us to give no Anfwer to any Letters or Me- 
 e morials,. which fliall be published in that 
 
 * Manner.' For the reft we pray, &c* 
 
 K.enfngtcn^ June 25, 
 
 1712. , 
 
 Had the Letter from the States been fram'd 
 with a View of impofing upon any but the 
 Mob, they could not have had the Face to 
 affirm . they had never acted contrary to their 
 Treaties or Engagements with England ; or 
 that their Breach of Faith had never been 
 taken Notice of by us,, or repreiented to them. 
 Is it not apparent, that, from the Beginning of 
 the War, they never furnimed their Qttcta of 
 Shipping one Year, and hardly one their >uo- 
 ta of Land Forces ? Will they deny that they 
 continued to trade or correfpond with France 
 
 ' during
 
 404 "The LIFE of the 
 
 during the War ? Will they fay that they 
 are ignorant of the many Reprefentations the 
 Houfcs of Parliament, both Whig and Tory, 
 made upon thefe Subjects to the Throne ? Or 
 that they were not prelTed by her Majefty to 
 furniili their Quota 's ? And when they had 
 thus impofed -mon us for feven Years luccef- 
 iively, and made cur Minijlers eafy (though it 
 was impoffible the Nation mould be fo under 
 this unequal Burden) do they now wipe their 
 Mouths, and afk what Treaties have we 
 broken, or when has any Thing of this Na- 
 ture been reprefcnted to us ? Even the Eng- 
 lijh Mob were not thus to be impofed upon, 
 and thefe vile Infinuations and Suggeftions 
 had very little Effect, even upon them. 
 
 Nor was their Behaviour in the Treaty of 
 Peace more ingenuous than their Conduct in 
 tiie War; they affumed a Power of prefcribing 
 as well the Manner of treating, as the Terms 
 to be accepted. They would infift upon fome 
 impoffible Condition, and thereby render eve- 
 ry Negotiation ineffectual. Nothing could be 
 more advantageous to them, they thought, 
 than a Continuance of the War, in the Man- 
 ner it was managed ; and they had gained 
 fuch a Party among ourfelves, that we were 
 induc'd, for many Years, to fubmit'to whatever 
 they were pleafed to impofe upon us ; nay, 
 even our Minifters were not fo much as ad- 
 mitted to ibme Treaties, but we contented 
 ourfelves with their Report j and yet after all 
 
 the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 405 
 
 the Adminiflration in thofe Days was flill ap- 
 plauded to the Skies by fome. 
 
 On the i yth of June, Mr. Hampdcn pro- 
 pofed to addrefs the Queen, to give Inflruc- 
 tions to her Plenipotentiaries, that the feverai 
 Powers in Alliance with her Majefly might 
 be Guarantees of the Proteftant Succeffion; 
 but this was carried in the Negative by 
 a great Majority ; and, on the contrary, it was 
 refolved, i/?, That this Houfe has fuch an en- 
 tire Confidence in the repeated Declarations 
 her Majefly has been pleafed to make of her 
 Concern for alluring to thefe Kingdoms the Suc- 
 ceffion as by Law eflablifhed in the Houfe of 
 Hanover, that they can never doubt her Maje- 
 fly 's taking the proper Meafures for the Secu- 
 rity thereof; and that this Houfe will fupport 
 her Majefly againfl Faction at Home, and her 
 Enemies Abroad; and that this Houfe does 
 humbly befeech her Majefly, that me will be 
 pleafed to difcountenance all thofe, who mail 
 endeavour to raife Jealoufies between, her Ma- 
 jtfly and her Subjects, efpecially by mifrepre- 
 fenting her good Intentions for the Welfare of 
 her People, 2(ffy y That the faid Refolution be 
 lain before her Majefly. At the prefenting 
 whereof her Majefly anfwered : 
 
 Gentlemen^ 
 
 T return you hearty Thanks for this Refo- 
 c JL ti n which is very becoming you, who 
 * truly rcprefent all my Commons. 
 
 C c ' You
 
 4 o6 We LIFE of the 
 
 * You have {hewn yourfelves honeft Afler- 
 tors of the Monarchy, zealous Defenders of 
 the Conftitution, and real Friends to thePro- 
 tejlant Succeffion. 
 
 ' What I have faid and done is fufficient to 
 fatisfy any Perfon who is in earneft for the 
 Succeffion, as by Law eftablifhed in the 
 Houfe of Hanover, that I need not be put 
 in Mind of doing any Thing which may con- 
 tribute to render that Succeffion fecure.' 
 The Peace being now fo far advanced, her 
 Majefty thought fit to propofe a Ceflation of 
 Arms to the Allies ; and accordingly on the 
 24th of June, N. S. the Duke of Ormonde, 
 purfuant to the Directions he had received 
 from Court, fent to Prince TLugene and the 
 Deputies of the States attending the Army,. 
 to delire a Conference with them the next 
 Day j wherein he declared, That he had re- 
 ceived Orders from the Queen his Miftrefs, to 
 publifh, within three Days, a Sufpenfion of 
 Arms for two Months between his Army and 
 the French, and to make a Detachment to 
 take Pofleffion of Dunkirk ; which Place the 
 King of France would put into the Hands of 
 the Englijh, as a Security for the Perfor- 
 mance of his Promifes ; for which Purpofe 
 his Grace had already named ten Battalions to 
 take forthwith the Route of Fumes. The 
 Britifo General alfo propofed, that the like 
 Sufpenfion .of Arms mould be publiihed in the 
 Confederate Army, and, Prince Eugene and 
 the States Deputies demanding feme Time to- 
 
 write
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 407 
 
 Write about it, to their refpective Sovereigns, 
 the Duke of Ormonde anfwered, that was not 
 in his Power to grant ; and, if they perfifted to 
 carry on the Siege of Que.fnoy^ he could co- 
 ver the fame no longer, but muft march off 
 with his Troops within three Days. His Grace 
 likewile acquainted the Generals of the Fo- 
 reign Troops in the Britijh Pay, that they 
 muft obey his Orders, other wife they ought 
 not to expect to have Bread, Pay, or their Ar- 
 rears. To which thofe Generals anfwered, 
 that, being commanded to adt againft the 
 French, they could not follow contrary Orders, 
 without knowing the Intentions of their Prin- 
 cipals, and therefore demanded Time to con- 
 fult them ; declaring, that, in the mean Time, 
 they would continue with Prince Eugene of 
 Savoy ; whereupon the Duke of Ormonde decla- 
 red again that he would march in three Days. 
 However, his Grace fufpended the March 
 of his Troops for fome Days beyond the Time 
 he had limited, to give Space to the reft of 
 the Allies to come into the Ceflation of Arms ; 
 but Prince Eugene having before tampered 
 with the Mercenaries in the Britijh Pay, and 
 perfuaded them not to march off with the Duke, 
 they abfolutely refufed to come into the Cef- 
 fation, and Prince Eugene and the Deputies 
 of the States fcnt Orders to the Governors of 
 the Frontier Towns, not to fuffer the Engiiflj 
 Troops defigned for Dunkirk to march thro' 
 thofe Towns, which the Englifi had been ib 
 C c 2 laviih
 
 408 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 lavifh of their Blood and Treafure to make 
 them Mafters of. 
 
 On the 2 yth of June, the Bimop of Briftol 
 at a Conference held at Utrecht, between the 
 Miniflers of the Allies, communicated to them 
 the Offers made by France, and propofed to 
 them a Ceflaiion of Arms for two Months, in 
 order to adjuft the Demands of all the Confe- 
 derates ; but, no Anfwer being returned, the 
 Bifhop left them to confider the Propofals. 
 
 On the 28th of June, N. S. the Duke of 
 Ormonde fent his Adjutant with a written 
 Orcer, to the Generals of the Foreign Troops 
 in Brifijh Pay, to hold their Forces in a Rea- 
 dineis to march ; but they all refufed to obey 
 his Orders, except Major Brenner, who com- 
 manded four Squadrons, and a Battalion of 
 the Troops of Holftein Gottorp ; and Major 
 General Walcf> Colonel of a Regiment of Dra- 
 goons of the Troops of Liege; nor is it at all to 
 be wondered at, thai Mercenaries mould prefer 
 their Trade of War to any Peace whatever. 
 But to proceed : On the -}d of July >uejnoy 
 furrendc red, the Armies not being yet fepara- 
 ted, and the Garrifon, being made Prifoners of 
 War, were fent to Holland. 
 
 The Iwperinlift* and the Dutch, having 
 tried every Stratagem to divert the Queen of 
 Great-Britain from proceeding in the 
 Treaty of Peace : At length a great Book of 
 
 app 
 
 roach-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 409 
 
 approaching Slavery, Ferfecution, &c. which, 
 they pretended to prognoflicate, would be the 
 certain Confequences of a Peace with France. 
 But fo little were their Sighs regarded, that, 
 on the 2oth of June, Mr. Secretary St. John., 
 at a Conference with- the Foreign Miniiters, 
 v/hofe Matters Troops were in the Pay of 
 Great-Britain, acquainted them with the Intel- 
 ligence her Majefty had received, that thofe 
 Troops refufed to obey the Duke of Ormonde' 3 
 Orders; heobferved that the Conditions of Peace 
 and War were now no longer the Matter inQue- 
 ftion, but whether her Majejly Jhould have the 
 Management of the Negotiations of Peace, or 
 the Dutch. That her Majefty would look upon 
 the Refufal of' the Auxiliary Troops to obey 
 the Duke of Ormonde^ as a Declaration againft 
 herielf j and that (he had refolved not to pay 
 any more Stibiiftance, Subfidy, or Arrears, to 
 thole who mould continue to diiobey the Duke's 
 Orders : He told them alfo, that frefh Orders 
 would forthwith bedifpatched to the Duke 
 of Ormonde, to take Poifellion oMucli Tmviit- 
 as prance had offered to deliver up to her Ma- 
 jefty, as a Security for the Performance of what 
 fhe had ftipulatcd ; which' Places could not 
 he taken in two Years War, and were far 
 more -advantageous than any that could be 
 now reduced: And therefore her Mait i'^v 
 hoped, that the Allies would think it mer 
 their Intereft to concur with her, than to en- 
 ter into other Meafur.-s. 
 
 C c 3 to
 
 4io "The LIFE of the 
 
 To this the Foreign Minifters only anfwered, 
 that they would acquaint their refpective Ma- 
 ilers with this Declaration. 
 
 Soon after her Majefly received Advice 
 from Paris, that, notwithftanding the Allies had 
 refufed to concur with Great-Britain, in a ge- 
 neral Ceffation of Arms, the French King, to 
 fhew his iincere Intentions for Peace, and the 
 Confidence he repofcd in her Majefty, was rea- 
 dy to deliver up Dunkirk into her Hands, not 
 doubting of her Endeavours to bring the Allies 
 into the Plan of Peace, conceit. d between the 
 Crowns of Great-Britain and France. 
 
 Hereupon Sir Jcbn Leakewzs ordered to con- 
 voy a Body of Troops from England, totakePof- 
 feflion of Dunkirk; on the Mercenaries refuling 
 to march with the Duke of Ormonde, it was not 
 thought proper to leffen the Englijlj Troops un- 
 der his Command, by fending a Detachment of 
 fcLzmtoDwikirk, as was atfirft intended j there- 
 fore on the 7th of July Sir JcbnJLeake, with Bri- 
 gadier Hill y who commanded the Land Forces, 
 fet fail from the Downs, and, at Two the fame 
 Afternoon, they came to an Anchor before Dun- 
 kirk; and the next Day, the Troops being land- 
 ed, the French marched out of the Citadel, Fort 
 Lewis, and the R? ft bank, and all the other 
 Fort>; of which the Englifo took PcrTefiion, 
 and placed Guards at all the Gates: After this 
 the Count de I Aumont, the French Governor, 
 came and took his Leave of Brigadier JJill, and 
 delivered up to him the Keys of the Town. 
 
 On the 1 4th of July in the Evening, Prince 
 Eugene fent an Aid de Camp, to acquaint the . 
 
 Duke
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 411 
 
 Duke of Ormonde, that he was obliged to 
 decamp the next Day, both for Forage, and 
 to profecute the Operations of the Campaign ; 
 and, if his Grace intended to do the like, in 
 Concert with him, his Highnefs would con- 
 fer with him at fuch Place as his Grace mould 
 pleafe to appoint : The Duke anfwered in 
 Writing, that he thought it lirange, fuch a 
 MefTage mould be fent him by an ordinary 
 Aid de Camp, and that only twelve or thir- 
 teen Hours before the Prince was to march, 
 becaufe no Meafures had been concerted be- 
 tween them, relating either to their Motions, 
 or any farther Undertaking ; for which Rea- 
 fons, his Highnefs ought not to expect that 
 he mould accompany him, or be affifting 
 in any Operations, wherein he had not been 
 confulted : That he gave the Prince this No- 
 tice, that he might regulate himfdf accord- 
 ingly, and not attribute to him any Misfor- 
 tune, which might happen - t and that he 
 alfo thought it proper to let his Highoefs 
 underftand, that, if the Imperial Army march- 
 ed away and left him, he mould be obliged 
 to take the beft Methods he could for .the Se- 
 curity of the Queen's Troops. 
 
 Whereupon Prince Eugene en the i6th of 
 July, N. S. decamped from Hafpre, and 
 marched off with the Troops under his Com- 
 mand, being followed by all the Mercenaries 
 in Britijh Pay, except four Squadrons of Van- 
 der Nath, a Battalion of Holjlein Gottorp t 
 and Baron Walef's Regiment of Dragoons. 
 C c 4 The
 
 4 i2 The LIFE of the 
 
 The next Day Prince Eugene caufed Landrecy 
 to be inverted : The Duke of Ormonde alfo 
 decamped, and came to Avefne le Secq, and 
 the fame Day he caufed the Ceflation of Arms, 
 between Great-Britain and France, for two 
 Months, to be proclaimed. On the lyth in 
 the Evening, an Aid de Camp arrived in the 
 Duke of Ormonde's Camp from Marmal Vil- 
 lars, with the News, that the Cefllition of 
 Arms had likewife that Day been proclaimed 
 in the French Army. Before this Separation 
 of the Confederate Troops, the Deputies of 
 the States did not fcruple to fay publicly, 
 \That they hoped the Duke of Ormonde did not 
 intend to march through any of their Towns, 
 (meaning the Towns that had been conquered 
 by the EngliJJo Arms) and accordingly, when 
 fome Engltjh Officers would have palled thro' 
 Bouchain, they were refufed Entrance at die 
 Gates, and told by the Guard, That pojitive 
 Orders were given to let no Englishman come 
 into the Toivn : The Officers deiiring that the 
 Commandant might be acquainted, that 
 they were at the Gates, he returned them the 
 fame Anfvver ; and when the Britijh Army 
 came near Doway, where was their Hofpital, 
 with great Part of their Stores, and Ammu- 
 nition and Baggage, the Commandant would 
 not fufTer an Englijhman to come into the 
 Town. The Duke of Ormonde hereupon, in 
 order to reduce the Dutch to Reafon, bent his 
 March towards the City of Ghent, where Part 
 of his Artillery and Stores were lain up. Prince 
 
 Eugens. 

 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 413 
 
 Eugene and the Deputies of the States, having 
 Notice of the Duke's Marching towardsG^/z/, 
 and being fenlible he would foon have it in his 
 Power to revenge the Affront which had 
 been put upon him, difpatched Count NaJJau 
 Wandenburg^ to excufe the infolent Behaviour 
 of the Commandants of Bouchain and Doway, 
 pretending, that what had been done, was with- 
 out their Authority or Privity. The Duke of 
 Ormonde, however, continued his March, and, 
 with the Earl of Straff or d, arrived at Ghent 
 the 23d of Jiffy, N. S. (the Troops encamp- 
 ing about a Mile and a Half from that City) 
 here they were highly complimented, and ca- 
 refTed by the Magiftrates, the Prefident of the 
 Council of Flanders, and the two Colleges, 
 which compoie the Government of that City ; 
 and mighty Profeflions they made of their Zeal 
 for the Queen's Service, and of their Readi- 
 nefs to promote her Maiefty's good Intentions, 
 for procuring Peace to Europe. The Duke of 
 Ormonde having put four Battalions of the Bri- 
 tifv Troops into Ghent, and as many into Bruges, 
 detached fix Battalions to reinforce the G<tr- 
 rifon of Dunkirk, with a Train of Artillery and 
 Ammunition. 
 
 It was not long before the Confederates dif- 
 covered their Error, in feparating themfelves 
 from the Britifa Troops, and refuting to come 
 into the Queen's Meafures j for having form'ci 
 the Siege f T,(n;drcc^ without coniulting the 
 Duke ofCfrmoJ?i as has been mentioned, and 
 detach'd the Karl of Aibemarte, with
 
 414 23k LIFE of the 
 
 Battalions, and thirty Squadrons, to take Poft 
 at Dcnain^ on the Schelde y to fecure their Com- 
 munication vrtfhMarcbiennes, where was their 
 Magazine, and from whence they drew their 
 Ammunition and Provilion : Marfhal Pil- 
 lars fell upon that Body on the 24th of July, 
 before Prince Eugene could bring any Forces to 
 their Affiftance, and routed them intirely. A- 
 bout 3000 of the Confederate Troops were kil- 
 led, or drowned, and as many more taken Pri- 
 Ibners, and among them the Earl siAlbemark ; 
 their General, Count Dhona, Lieutenant-general, 
 and Governor of Mons, was drowned ; Count 
 Naflau Wondtnburg died by the Sword ; and 
 the French found in the Camp 1 2 Brafs Can- 
 non, great Quantities of Ammunition and Pro- 
 vifion, befides Horfes and a very confiderablc 
 Booty, which they divided among their Sol- 
 diers. 
 
 The French afterwards made themfelves 
 Maiiers of Sf. Amand^ the Garrifon to the 
 Number of 800 Men furrendering themfelves 
 Prifoners of War ; then they invefted Mar- 
 chiennes, where was the great Magazine of 
 the Confederates ; which Garrifon alfo fur- 
 rendered Prifoners of War the 31(1, of July. 
 There were in the Place above a Hundred BI- 
 landers, laden with three Hundred Thoufand 
 Weight of Powder, which the Dutch Com- 
 ntffTary caufed to be funk in the Scarpe before 
 the Siege. There were alfo above one Hun- 
 dred Pieces of Cannon, ^cfo Waggons with 
 their Harneffes ; the Hofpital of the Army ; 
 
 and
 
 Duke of ORMONDE; 415 
 
 and irf the Store-houfes, or in the Bilander?, a 
 prodigious Number and Quantity of Bombs, 
 Grenadoes, Bullets, Mulket-Balls, Powder, 
 Corn, Meal, Hams, Bacon, Cheefe, Butter, 
 Beer, Wine, Brandy, Merchandize, Ladders, 
 Hatchets, Bills, Planks, Match, Flints, and, in 
 a Word, all Sorts of Proviiions neceffary for 
 making two Sieges ; there were likewiie ma- 
 ny Horfes : Part of the Provifions were given 
 to the Soldiers. The Prifoners, who marched 
 out of the Place, were to the Number of a- 
 bout 4000, without including 8 or 900 
 Wounded or Sick, and in this Siege not above 
 600 Men of the French Troops were killed or 
 wounded. 
 
 After the Defeat of Denain, and the Lofs of 
 their Magazine at Marchicnnes, the Confede- 
 rates were no longer able to carry on the Siege 
 of Landrecy^ but were forced to rife from be- 
 fore that Place with fome Precipitation ; and 
 Marfhal Villars found himfelf in a Condition 
 to befiege Doway, which he caufed to be in- 
 verted the 1 3th of Auguft. 
 
 And now the Allies began to wim they had 
 treated their old Friends the Englijb with lefs 
 Contempt : When they firft tamper'd with the 
 Britijh Mercenaries, and induced them trea- 
 cheroufly t j defert her Majefty's Service, they 
 thought they fhould have been able to have 
 carried on the War OfTenfively, without the 
 National Troops of England, which confiding 
 of about 20,000 Men only, they did not be- 
 lieve could incline the Ballance any one Way 
 
 or
 
 416 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 or other, efpecially while they had their much 
 admired Hero Prince Eugene at their Head ; 
 and how bafe and ungrateful foever the Prac- 
 tice might then appear, of inveigling the 
 Troops in her Majefty's Pay to defert her Ser- 
 vice, a little Succeis they knew would fanctify 
 the Action, at leaft in the Opinion of their 
 own Subjects j and indeed, an ill Action is fel- 
 dom confider'd, with a juft Deteftation and 
 Abhorrence, till fome Misfortune overtakes us, 
 and then it never fails to appear in its true Co- 
 lours. But to return, Fort Scarp e furrendered 
 to Marmal Villars the 28th of Augujl^ and 
 the Town of 'Doway itfelf on the 8th of A- 
 pril following. The French immediately af- 
 ter laid Siege to Quefnoy^ which furrendered 
 alfo the 4th of October : The Garriion being 
 made Prisoners of War, as the Garriion of 
 Doway had been. According to the French 
 Account, they found in Quefnoy 1 1 6 heavy 
 Cannon, and a great Number of others ; 40 
 Mortars, four, or rive Hundred Thouiand 
 Weight of Powder, with a proportionable 
 Quantity of other Ammunition and Provilions, 
 amounting to the Value of three* Millions of 
 Livres ; and they afliired us, that this Gurrifon 
 complcatei the Number of 40 Battalions oi 
 the Allies they had deftroycd or made Prifon- 
 crs, fince the Defeat of Denain, which hap- 
 pened the 2Ath of July. 
 
 In the mean while the Dutch Plenipotenti- 
 aries at Utrecht began to (hew fome Difpoiiti- 
 pn for Peace, and propofed a ^evv Plan, 
 
 which
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 417 
 
 which came much nearer to that of her Ma- 
 jeftys, than any they had hitherto offered : 
 Whereupon her Majefty thought fit to renew 
 the Sufpenfion of Arms with France for four 
 Months longer, viz. from the 22cl of Aitguft, 
 to the 22<i of December. This Negotiation 
 was tranfa&ed and fign'd at Paris by the Lord 
 Bolingbroke on the Part of England, and by 
 die Marquis de Torcy on the Part of France ; 
 and, the latter End of Auguft, the faid CefTa- 
 tioa was proclaimed both in England and 
 France : The Dutch refuiing to come into the 
 Sufpenfion of Arms, Marfhal Millars fat down 
 before Bouchain on the i oth of October, and 
 on the j 9th of the fame Month the Garrifon 
 furrendered Prifoners of War, which put an 
 End to the Campaign in Flanders. 
 
 Thus did the French retake the fame Towns 
 within the Space of two Months, which had 
 coll the Confederates two Years : Either their 
 Generals underftood Taking of Towns bet- 
 ter than thofe of the Allies, or our Generals 
 were not in hafle to penetrate into France, leit 
 the War mould have been too foon at an End. 
 But to return to England. 
 
 The Negotiations of Peace feem to have 
 been at a ftand the preceding Winter, till the 
 Earl of Stmjf'ord arrived at the Hague, from 
 England, the 6th of December ; when he com- 
 municated to the States a new Plan of a Treaty, 
 but told them at the un; Time, that he wifli'd 
 the Love of War, and the private Interefls of 
 fame Perfons, had never given Cccafion for a 
 
 Coldnefi
 
 4 i8 The LIFE of tie 
 
 Coldnefs in that Friendship, which might have 
 proved fatal to their State, and might yet 
 prove fo, if the laft Offers now made on the 
 Part of her Majefty, for re-eftablifhing a per- 
 fect Union with this State, mould not be ac- 
 cepted : That it was apparent, the Irrefolution 
 of the States had been attended by very un- 
 happy Accidents ; and that her Majefty was 
 very defirous they would at length fix upon 
 fome Propositions, which might be reafonable 
 in themfelves, and of fuch a Nature that, in 
 the unlucky Conjuncture Affairs then flood, 
 they might be obtained of France. He faid 
 he had brought with him alib the Plan of a 
 new Treaty of Succe/Iion and Barrier, and 
 muft infift that this Treaty might be iigned 
 before the Peace ; for, in the prefent Treaty of* 
 Barrier, many Things were inferted difadvanta- 
 geous to Britain, and which could not be re- 
 conciled, either to the Letter or the Defign of 
 the Grand Alliance ; nor were even conform- 
 able to any Principles, upon which the prefent 
 Confederacy was made, and the War begun. 
 
 Laftly, he told them, that, notwithftanding 
 all the Provocations, and all the Delays on 
 the Part of the States, the Queen had hitherto 
 kept the Negotiations open j but me thought 
 me had now retarded it long enough, and pof- 
 fibly too long in good Policy : That therefore 
 the Offers, which her Majefty made, were her 
 ultimate Relblutions ; and that this was the laft 
 Time (he would addrefs herfelf to their High 
 Mightineffes, in cafe they formed new Delays, 
 
 and
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 419 
 
 and did not anfwer her Majefty 's good Inten- 
 tions for their own Interefts. He faid her 
 Majefty alfo expected the Concurrence of the 
 States, in all Ihc had ftipulated for his Royal 
 Highnefs the Duke of Savoy, as alfo for obli- 
 ging the Emperor to a Neutrality in Italy, and 
 to withdraw his Troops from Catahnia. 
 
 The States having confidered the new Plan 
 propofed, but much more the Circumftances 
 they had reduced themfelves to, by haughtily 
 contemning all former Proportions made them, 
 by her Majefty, immediately laid hold of this 
 Opportunity of reconciling themfelves to her, 
 and on the 2Qth of December, N. S. wrote a 
 very fubmiffivc Letter to her Majefty ; where- 
 in they told her, they thought themfelves ob- 
 liged to return her Majefty Thanks for the O- 
 vertures fhe had caufed the Earl of Straffbrd 
 to lay before them, and for the Afliirances, no 
 lefs obliging than ftrong, fhe had added to 
 them, both of her Majefty's Defire to procure 
 a good Peace for all Europe, and to provide for 
 the Safety and even Augmentation cf their 
 State -, and declared, they were refohed to join 
 ivith her Majejiy in the Meafuresfoe had taken, 
 and to conclude andfign the Peace at the fame 
 'Time jointly ivith her -, as alfo to enter into a 
 new Treaty with her Majefty about the Suc- 
 ceffion and Barrier, and to conclude and fign 
 it before the Peace. 
 
 On the contrary, the aflbciated Circles of 
 Germany made heavy Complaints againft the 
 Pin of Peace propofed by her M ajefty.
 
 420 7%e LIFE of the 
 
 faid, the Circles had performed all the Conditions, 
 to which the Treaty of the Grand Alliance ob- 
 liged them : That they had flood the greateft 
 Brunts, and fuffered all the Inconveniences that 
 could be expedted from fo bloody and ruinous 
 a War, and fo powerful an Enemy ; and that 
 fit their oivn Expence, and without troubling her 
 Majefiy for one Penny Subjidy, having an en- 
 tire Confidence, that her Majefty, as me had 
 often declared, would not fail to remember 
 their good Services; that they were encouraged 
 to hope they mould now have reaped fome 
 Fruit of their Expences and Sufferings : But 
 that no Amends, no Barrier, or Security was 
 ftipulated for them by this Treaty. And they 
 fubmitted to her Majefiy 's Wifdom, and the 
 Gencro/ity of the Britim Nation (that is, they 
 appealed to the People) whether fuch good and 
 faithful Allies ought to be abandoned, and left 
 in the miferable Condition into which they 
 had been plunged by former Treaties. 
 
 To this the Eritijh Plenipotentiaries anfwer- 
 ed, with much more Truth, that if the afTccia- 
 ttd Circles did not obtain all they deflred, and 
 her Majefiy could wiih them, the Blame was 
 by no Means to be lain a-", her Door ; firft, be- 
 caufe, during the War, the Empire had very 
 much neglected the Prolecution of it on that 
 Side, and inflead of 80,000 Men, which the 
 Emperor was engaged to furnifh, and 120,000 
 which, by the Matricula of the E.mpire, the 
 whole Princes and States were obliged to bring 
 upon the Rhine, they never actually fur nl fie d 
 
 30,000'
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 421 
 
 30,000, and foms Tears not 20,000 Men, and 
 ibojc ill provided with Things ?ieceffary, and 
 that only for two cr three Months at the mojl in 
 a Tear, thereby leading the Burden of the War 
 ttjall upon her Majefty and the States-General, 
 in Flanders ; the getting ivhofe Money, by ex- 
 orbit ant Bargains for their Troops, they have 
 all along fecmed to have more at Heart, than 
 the funiijhing their Contingent to their own 
 Army, as her Majefty and the States did every 
 Year'iii vain exhort them ; which if they ha'd 
 done, the War had in all Appearance been long 
 iince at an End, and they in Pofieffion of that 
 which is now perhaps impofiible to obtain : And 
 therefore it is their own Princes, the Circles, 
 they have to thank, if they fhould fall fhort of 
 their Expectations : But their Negligence in the 
 War was not all; what has ftLl put it more out 
 her of Mnjefty 's Power to ferve them fo effectu- 
 ally as me always defired, has been the Oppofition 
 they have made to her Meajures in the f l reaty of 
 Peace, and that by inf.jting fo JUJfly, at the 
 Beginning of the 'treaty, upon the Demand cf an 
 Anfeer in Writing from the French Minijters, 
 which, they were told, was not only in v^in, 
 and an endlsfs Way of proceeding, but by ad- 
 hering to which they would loie Time, and 
 the only Opportunity of obtaining what they 
 ddired ;'and when afterwards a general Ccl- 
 fation of Arms was found neceffary, and pro- 
 pofed to them by her Majefty, and they were 
 told, that, if they would net enter into it, tie 
 Allies, being united in their Councils, m'ght have 
 D d obliged
 
 422 The LIFE of the 
 
 obliged the Enemy to grant them any 'Thing they 
 cculd rcafonably have injifted on -, but they re- 
 jected that Propcfal, and defertea her frlajejly, 
 to follow the chimerical Projects of Prince 
 Eugene, which how fatal they have been to 
 the common Caufe the Event has fufficiently 
 cbmonftrated, and it is to be feared they will 
 more evidently appear, if they do not prevent 
 another Compaign by reafonable Propofals of 
 Peace. Her Majefty's Gafe was therefore 
 very hard, that, when me was profecuting the 
 War, the Allies, Jime of them, acJed with al- 
 mojl as much Coldnefs and Indifference, as if 
 they had been in Peace, or, at leafl, bad no Inte- 
 reji in the War ; and, 'when foe found a Peace 
 neceffary, tleyjhould then only begin to think of 
 War : And after all, when by this unaccounta- 
 ble Way of acting, they had brought themfehes 
 into inextricable Difficulties, they /hould cry out, 
 that they were defertcd, and endeavour to throw 
 the Odium and Blame of it upon her : Howe- 
 ver, their Excellencies concluded, that her 
 Majefty would ftill do for the four Circles, as 
 well as the reft of her Allies, all that me was 
 obliged to by Treaty, and what more they had 
 by their Conduct left in her Power to do -, 
 and that, in Relation to themfelves, no good 
 Offices and Endeavours mould be wanting to 
 fupport their Pretenfions, and procure them 
 all poliible and reafonable Satisfaction. 
 
 The CelTation of Arms being near expiring, 
 it was again continued four ' Months, viz. 
 
 from
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 423 
 
 from the 22d of December, until the 22d of 
 April, 1713, N. S. 
 
 Her Majefly wrote a Letter to the States- 
 General, in the Beginning of January ', where- 
 in me expreffed great Satisfaction in that 
 llie had receiv'd from them on the 29th of 
 the laft Month, when they agreed to concur 
 with her in all Meaiures : She told them this 
 made forne Amends for the Misfortunes that 
 had been occafioned by the Difunion of the 
 Allies, and would prevent thofe that were to 
 be fear'd for the future. That me mould take 
 their Interefts to Heart equally with her own,- 
 and be ready to do all that lay in her Power to 
 advance them ; but me was forry ihe was not 
 in a Condition to fupport both theirs, and 
 thofe of the other Allies, as effectually as me 
 could have done the laft Spring. 
 
 The new Treaty of Barrier and Succeffion 
 was fign'd by the jMinifters of Great-Britain,: 
 and the States, the ^oth oft. January, N. S. and 
 lent over to England 'to be ratified. By this Trea- 
 ty, the States engage to afllft and defend the' 
 Succeffion of the Crown of Great-Britain, 
 according to the Ad of Settlement, againft all 
 Oppofers ; and her Majefty ftipulated and a-' 
 greed, that the States mould garrifon Fumes,' 
 Fort Knock, Iprcs, Menm, the Town and Cita- 
 del of Tournay, Mons, Charleroy^ the Town 
 and Citadel of Namure, the Caftle of Ghent,' 
 the Forts La-perle, Philip, and Damme, and 
 Fort St.Dcnat ; that the Fort Rodenhu^ftn, by 
 Ghent, mould be demolished : And that the 
 D d 2 Re-'
 
 424 We LIFE of the 
 
 Revenues of thole Towns which had been 
 taken from France (over and above what was 
 neceflary for the Support of the Civil Govern- 
 ment) mould belong to the States^ for the 
 Maintenance of their Garrifons ; and that at 
 Million of Florins yearly, or 100,000 Crowns 
 every three Months, fhould alfo be paid the 
 States, out of the cleareft and moft certain 
 Revenues of the Spanijh Low Countries, which 
 the late King Charles was in PofTeffion of at 
 the Time of his Death, towards the Expences 
 of the other Garrifons. 
 
 And that the Englifh and Dutch mould be 
 upon the fame Foot, in Point of Trade, in 
 the Netherlands. 
 
 That England ihould affift the Dutch with 
 10,000 Men, and 20 Men of War, in cafe 
 they fhould be attacked ; and the States fhould 
 affift the Englifh with 6000 Men, and 20 
 Men of War ; and, if this fhould not be fuf- 
 ficient, they would affift each other with their 
 whole Forces. 
 
 The Convention for the Evacuation of Ca- 
 talonia, and Neutrality of Italy, being alfo a- 
 greed to, was figned the i4th of March, N. S, 
 by the Minifters of the Emperor, Great-Bri- 
 tain, France., and Savsy. 
 
 By this Treaty, as many of the Catalans, as 
 pleafed, were at Liberty to remove to Italy 
 with their Effects ; and, by the 8th Article, to 
 all the Subjects and Inhabitants of Catalonia, 
 and the Ifles thereto belonging, Clergy and 
 Laity, of whatever Rank ibever, a general 
 
 Am-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 425 
 
 Amnefly, and perpetual Oblivion, was granted 
 for all that had been done by them during 
 this War ; and upon that Account, in any 
 Place or Manner whatfoever, againft the Par- 
 ties in War j infomuch that for thefe, and the 
 like Caufes, they fhould not in General, or in 
 Particular, openly, or fecretly, directly, or in- 
 diredtly, by Way of Right, or Fa<5t, bemolefl- 
 ed, or fufter any Damage or Injury, either in 
 Perfon, or in Eftate, Reputation and Security ; 
 but that all the Injuries, Violences, Hoflilitief, 
 arid Damages, caufed as well during the War, as 
 by Means thereof, by Word, Writing, or Ac- 
 tion, fhould be entirely forgotten and abolifh- 
 ed, without any Diflindion of Perfons, or 
 Things - y nor fhould any Trouble be given on 
 tjiefe Accounts to the Catalans, and the Inha- 
 bitants and Subjects of the faid Ifles, 
 
 And her Majefly of Great-Britain alfo, by 
 a fubfequent Treaty, obtained for them, that 
 they foould enjoy tbeir ancient Privileges in 
 their full Rxtent, and- other Privileges with the 
 rejl of S$zm> from which they had hitherto been 
 excluded ; yet, fays a certain Author, loud Out- 
 cries have been made (thro' Ignorance, I pre- 
 fume, I would not impute it altogether to 
 Malice) as if her Majefty had abandoned thefe 
 People, and facrificed them to the Rage of 
 their incenfed Prince, without flipulating any 
 Thing in their Behalf : Therefore, once for 
 all, to confute this groundlefs and impudent 
 Calumny, give me Leave here to recite, Verba- 
 tim, the i-tfh Article of the Treaty of Peace,
 
 426 Tloe LIFE of tie 
 
 between her Britifo Majefty and King Pbi- 
 lip, which was concluded at Utrecht the 2d of 
 yuly, 1713, viz. Whtreas the 'Queen of Great- 
 Britain has continually prejjed and injijled liith 
 the greateji Earnejtnefs, that all the Inhabitants 
 of the Principality of Catalonia, of whatever 
 State or Condition they may be,fhould not only 
 obtain a full and perpetual Oblivion of all that 
 was done in the late War, and enjoy the entire 
 PcffeJJion of all their EJlates and Honours-, 
 but Jhould alfo have their ancient Privileges 
 prejtrvedfafe and untouched: 'The Catholic King, 
 in Compliance 'with the faid Queen of Great- 
 Britain, hereby grants and conj.'rms to all the 
 Inhabitants of Catalonia, not only whatever the 
 Amnejly defired, together 'with the full Poffeffion 
 of all their Ejlajes and Honours, but alfo gives 
 and grants to them all the Privileges 'which tie 
 Inhabitants of both Caftiles, who of all the Spa- 
 niards are the moft dear to the Cat belie King, 
 have and enjoy, or may hereafter have and 
 enjoy. 
 
 To proceed : The Dukes of Berry and 
 Orleans, having folemnly renounced all Right 
 and Intereft, which they or their Defendants 
 had, or might hereafter by any Means have, 
 pf claim to the Crown of Spain ; to which the 
 Duke of Shrew/bury and Mr. Prior, her Bri- 
 tijh Majefly's Plenipotentiaries, and the Duke 
 D'OJJuna, Plenipotentiary of Spain, were Wit- 
 neiTes : The Plenipotentiaries of Great-Britain 
 declared to the Miniftersof the Allies, that they 
 were ready to fign the Peace, and on the i jth 
 
 of
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 427 
 
 of April, 1713, N. S. the Eritijh Plenipo- 
 tentiaries, having firft delivered a Memorial to 
 the Plenipotentiaries of France, in Behalf of the 
 French Proteftants, they went to Count Zin- 
 zcndcrff's, the Emperor's Minifter, and com- 
 municated to him the Plan of Peace they had 
 agreed with France, for the Emperor and Em- 
 pire (which his Imperial Majefty was to have 
 Time to confider of till the i ft of June] and 
 declared again, that they were going to lign 
 the Pence between Great-Britain and France ; 
 they afterwards made the fame Declaration to, 
 the Minifttrs of the reft of the Allies ; and, 
 being returned to the Lord Privy-Seal's Houfe, 
 the trench AmbafLdors came thither, and, a-, 
 bout Two that Afternoon, the Treaties of Peace 
 and Commerce between Great- Britain and 
 France were lign'd : The Minifters of the 
 Duke of Savoy figned their Treaty with 
 France next, and the fame Day the Minifters 
 of the King of Portugal, the King of Pruj- 
 Jia, and the States-General figned their refpec-. 
 tjve Treaties with France, of which Tranfic- 
 tions, Exprefles were immediately dilpatch'd 
 to their feveral Mafters. 
 
 Two Days after the States-General ordered 
 a public Thankfgiving to be obferved for the 
 Conclufion -of the Peace, and returned their 
 Ambaffadors and Plenipotentiaries Thanks for 
 their good Conduct in the Negotiations of 
 Peace. 
 
 The Imperial and German Minifters ex- 
 
 preficd great Refentmenr, that the Allies 
 
 Dd 4 fhou'd
 
 428 72* LIFE of tie 
 
 fhculd conclude a Peace,without their Confenf, 
 and pretend to prefcribe Conditions to them: 
 They gave out, that they would ftill carry 
 on" the War, and hazard all, rather than 
 lubmit to fuch Ufage. 
 
 To return to England : The Peace being 
 concluded, the Parliament met at Weftmin- 
 Jler the 9th of /iprtl y O. S. when her Majefty 
 made the following Speech to both Houfes : 
 
 My Lords and.Gentlemen, 
 ' T Ended the laft Seffion, with my hearty 
 { J^ Thanks for the folemn AfTurances you 
 
 * had given me, by which I have been ena- 
 ' bled to overcome the Difficulties contrived 
 ' to obftruct the general Peace. 
 
 c I have deferred Opening the Seffion 
 e until now, being defirous to communicate 
 ' to you, at your firft Meeting, the Succefs 
 6 of that important Affair : It is therefore 
 ' with great Pleafure I tell you the Treaty is 
 e fign'd, and in a few Days the Ratifications 
 4 will be exchang'd. 
 
 4 The Negotiation has been drawn into fq 
 c great a Length, that all our Allies had fuf- 
 ficient Opportunity to adjuft their feveral In- 
 
 * terefts : Though the Public Charge has been 
 4 thereby much increafed, yet I hope my 
 e People will be eafy under it, fince we have 
 happily obtained the End we propofed. 
 
 { What I have done for fecuring the Prote- 
 
 * flant Succeffion, and the perfect Friendfliip 
 c there is between me and the Houfe of Ha-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 429 
 
 nover, may convince fuch who wifti well to 
 both, and defire the Qujet and Safety of 
 their Country, how vain all Attempts are 
 to divide us ; and thofe who would make 
 a Merit, by feparating our Interefts, v/ill ne- 
 ver attain their ill Ends. 
 
 Gentlemen of the Houfe of Commons , 
 
 c As great a Progrefs has been made in re- 
 4 ducing the Public Expence as the Circum- 
 * fiances of Affairs would admit. 
 
 4 What Force may be neceffary for fecu- 
 ' ring our Commerce by Sea, and for Guards 
 ' and Garrifons, I leave entirely to my Par- 
 ' liament. 
 
 f Make yourfelves fafe, and I mall be fa- 
 1 tisficd. 
 
 ' Next to the Protection of the Divine Pro- 
 c vidence, I depend upon the Affection and 
 c Loyalty of my People. 
 
 ' I want no other Guarantee. 
 
 ' I recommend to your Care thofe brave 
 c Men who have ferved well by Sea or Land, 
 e this War, and cannot be employed in Time 
 of Peace. 
 
 * I mufl defire you to provide the Supplies 
 6 you (hall judge requifite for your own Eafe y 
 ' and the Public Service. 
 
 My Lords and Gentlemen^ 
 
 1 The many Advantages, I have obtained 
 * for my own Subjects, have occafioned much 
 ^ Opposition and long Delay to this Peace. 
 
 * It
 
 430 Ttie L I F E of tie 
 
 4 It affords me great Satisfaction, that my 
 5 People will have it in their Power, by de- 
 ( grees, to repair what they have fuffered du- 
 
 * ring fo long and burdenfome a War. 
 
 ' The eating our Foreign Trade, as far as is 
 
 * confident with National Credit, will deferve 
 
 * your Care, 
 
 1 And to think of proper Methods for im- 
 ( proving and encouraging our Home Trade 
 f and Manufactures ; particularly the Fifhery, 
 ' which may be carried on to employ all our 
 
 * fpare Hands, and be a mighty Benefit, even 
 
 * to the remoteft Parts of this Kingdom. 
 
 ' Several Matters were lain before you laft 
 ' Seffion, which the Weight and Multiplicity 
 ' of other Bufinefs would not permit you to 
 ' perfect : I hope you will take a proper Op- 
 ' portunity to give them due Consideration. 
 
 * I cannot however but exprefsly mention 
 c my Difpleafure at the unparalleled Licentiouf- 
 ' nefs, in publifhing fedidous and fcandalous 
 < Libels. 
 
 * The Impunity, fuch Practices has met 
 e with, has encouraged the Blafpheming every 
 ' Thing facred, and the Propagating Opinions 
 
 * tending to the Overthrow of all Religion 
 ' and Government. 
 
 4 Profecutions have been ordered, but it 
 
 * will require fome new Law to put a Stop to 
 
 * this growing Evil, and your beft Endeavours 
 
 * in your refpeclive Stations to difcourage it. 
 
 ' The impious Practice of Dueling re- 
 ' quires fome fpeecly and efredual Remedy. 
 
 * Now
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 431 
 
 * Now we are entering upon Peace A- 
 c broad 3 let me conjure you all, to ufeyouruj:- 
 * . moil: Endeavours for calming Men's Minds 
 4 at Home, that the Arts of Peace may t?e 
 cultivated. 
 
 1 Let not groundlefs Jealoufies, contsived 
 4 by a Faction, and fomented by Party Rage, 
 4 effect that which our Foreign Enemies could 
 
 c I pray God to direct all your Confultu- 
 
 * tions, for his Glory, and the Welfare of my 
 4 People.' 
 
 In Anfwer to which the Peers, on the loth 
 of jffril, attepded her Majefty with the fol- 
 lowing Addrefs, vis. 
 
 Mo ft gracious Sovereign, 
 
 * "\XT" y ur Majefiy's m ft Dutiful an d 
 
 * V V loyal Subjects, the Lords Spiritual 
 c and Temporal in Parliament alTcmbled, dp, 
 ' with the greatefl Joy and Satisfaction, return 
 
 * our humble Thanks to your Majefly, fpr 
 < } our moft gracious Speech from the Throne, 
 ' and for communicating to your Parliament, 
 
 * that a Peace is concluded ; by which we 
 4 hope, with the Bleffing of God, that your 
 4 People will in a few Years recover them- 
 
 * felves, after fo long and expeniive a War ; 
 ' and alfo do congratulate your Majefty upon 
 ' the Succefs of your Endeavours for a gene- 
 ' ral Peace. 
 
 ' We never had the leaft Doubt, but that 
 
 * your Majefty, who is the great Support and 
 
 1 Orna-
 
 432 The LIFE of the 
 
 ' Ornament of the Proteftant Religion, would 
 continue to take, as you have always done, 
 the wifeft Meafures for fecuring the Prote- 
 ftant Succcffion, towards which nothing can 
 be more neceffarv than the perfect Friendship 
 there is between your Majefty and the 
 Houfe of Hanover. 
 
 ( And we do humbly aflure your Majefty, 
 that as you exprefs your Dependance to be, 
 next under God, upon the Duty and Affec- 
 tion of your People, we think ourfelves 
 bound, by the ftricteft Ties of Religion, 
 Loyalty, and Gratitude, to make all the du- 
 tiful Returns, that can be paid by the moft 
 obedient Subjects, to the moft indulgent So- 
 vereign/ 
 
 Her Majefty's Anfwer. 
 My Lords, 
 
 * T Do moft heartily thank you for this 
 
 * J^ Addrels, and be allured that I take par- 
 ' ticular Satisfaction, that you fo kindly ex- 
 ' prefsthe Confidence you have in me.' 
 
 On the i ith of April^ the Commons alfo 
 attended her Majefty with the following Ad- 
 drefs, viz. 
 
 Mo/} gracious Sovereign , 
 
 y ur Majefty's moft dutiful and 
 Jy al Subjects, the Commons of 
 c Great-Britain in Parliament affembled, beg 
 c Leave with all Humility to approach your 
 ' itoyal Perfon with our unanimous Acknow- 
 
 ' ledgements,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 433 
 
 * ledgements, for all the Benefits we enjoy un- 
 ' deryour Majefty's moft aufpicious Reign. 
 
 * The many and great Succeflcs, which have 
 
 * attended your Majefty's Arms, had left no- 
 ' thing to be wifh'd, but fuch a Peace as 
 
 * might be conducted by your Councils,. 
 which now we have the Happinefs to fee 
 ' accomplilhed ; and as we are truly fenfiblc 
 4 of your Majefly's gracious and generous 
 ' Intentions in undertaking that great Work ; 
 4 fo we have all poffible Reafon to admire your 
 
 * Stcadinefs in carrying it on, and overcoming 
 
 * the many Difficulties contrived to obflruct 
 
 * it. And it is with the higheft Satisfaction 
 
 * we congratulate your Majefty, upon the hap- 
 
 * py Conclusion of this Treaty for we are fo 
 
 * much convinced of your Majefly's tender 
 ' Regard to the Public Welfare, and the ma-. 
 
 * ny Inftances of your Wifdom have taught 
 ' us to have fo perfect a Reliance upon it, that 
 
 * we cannot doubt but your Majefty hath pro- 
 1 cured all reafonuble Satisfaction for your Al- 
 
 * lies, and cfLblifhed the Interefl of your 
 
 * Kingdoms in fuch a Manner, as to make us 
 
 * not only fecure for the future, but a flourifh- 
 
 * ring and happy People. 
 
 ' Your Majefty can give no higher Proof of 
 c the Care you take of Pofterity, than by the 
 
 * Concern you are pleafed to exprefs for the 
 
 * Proteflant Succeffion in the Houfe of Hanover, 
 ' upon which the future Happinefs of this 
 ' Kingdom fo much depends : We hope and 
 ' truft that nothing will be ever able to inter- 
 
 ' ruct
 
 434 7&.LIFE of the 
 
 * rupt the Friendship between your Majefty > 
 ' and that iliuflriou^ Family ; fmce the wick- 
 
 ' ed Deftgns of thofe, who would endeavour 
 
 * to feparate your Interefts, muft be too plain 
 c ever to fucceed. 
 
 c Your faithful Comrrrons can never enougli 
 ' exprefsthe grateful Senfe they have of the 
 ' many gracious Affurances contained in your 
 e Majefty's Speech j and after what your Ma- 
 ' jefly hath done to eafe your Subjects of the 
 c heavy Burden, which before laj upon them ; 
 
 * and after your unparalleled Goodnefs, in de- 
 ' manding nothing from them for the Time to 
 ' come, but what they themfelves mall judge 
 
 * requifite for their own Safety j the heft Re- 
 
 * turn, they can make, will be a ready and du- 
 c tifiil Compliance with every Thing you 
 ' have been pleafed to recommend to them, 
 ' and they cannot fail moil chearfully to fet 
 c about providing the Supplies necerTary for 
 r this Year's Service. Your Majefty's repeat- 
 ' ed Condefcenfions mutt, in the ftrongeft 
 ' Manner, engage the Hearts andAfFeclions of 
 ' all your Subjects to your Majefry; and .we 
 
 * are fatisfied we cannot more truly reprefcnt 
 
 * them, than by contributing cur utmofl: En- 
 
 * deavours to make your Reign as profperous, 
 
 * glorious, and eafy to yourfelf, as it is bene- 
 
 * ficial and happy to your People.'
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 435 
 
 Queen's Anfwer. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 ' ' ^ HIS Addrefs cannot but be very a- 
 
 greeable to me, as it comes from my 
 
 * loyal Commons, and as it is a Continuation 
 
 < of thole Expreffions of Duty and Affection, 
 
 c which you have fhewn through this whole 
 
 ' Parliament.' 
 
 The Peace being concluded between France 
 and the Allies, except the Emperor and the 
 Empire ; I mall here give an Abftract of the 
 mod material Articles in the feveral Treaties, 
 parTing by only Matters of Form, and fuch 
 other Particulars as have no Relation to Great- 
 Britain. 
 
 By the 4th Article of the Treaty between 
 Great-Britain and France, the French King 
 acknowledges and approves the Acl of Limi- 
 tation of the Succefuon to the Kingdom of 
 Great-Britain ; and on the Faith and Word 
 of a King, and on the Pledge of his own and 
 his Succeflbrs Honour, he does declare and 
 engage, that no one, befides the Queen her- 
 felf, and her Succeffors, according to the Series 
 of the faid Limitation, mall ever by him, or 
 by his Heirs or Succeflbrs, be acknowledged 
 or reputed to be King, or Queen of Great- 
 Britain : And whereas the Pretender was 
 lately gone, of his own Accord, out of the 
 Kingdom of France, the faid moft Chnftiati 
 King, for himfelf, his Heirs, and SuccefTors, 
 promifes to take all poffible Care that he fhall. 
 not at any Time hereafter, or under any Pre- 
 
 tence
 
 436 the LIFE of the 
 
 tence whatever, return into the Kingdom of 
 France, or any the Dominions thereof. 
 
 And, by the 5th Article, he in like Manner 
 engages not to difturb or moleft her Majefty, 
 her Keirs, or Succeflbrs, in the Proteftant 
 Line ; and'that he will not give any Succour, 
 or Aid, to any that mall endeavour to oppofe 
 the faid Succeffion. 
 
 - In the 6th Article, the King of Spain' sRe- 
 .riunciation of the Crown of France, and the 
 Dukes of Berry and Orleans, their Renuncia- 
 tions of the Crown of Spain, with the Frc?icb 
 King's Letters Patents, admitting and con- 
 firming' the laid Renunciations, being infilled 
 upaHj the Queen of Great-Britain, and the 
 mofV Chriflian King, engage to each other 
 folemnly, and on their Royul Words, that no- 
 thing ever mall be done by them, or their 
 Heirs and Succeffors, or be allowed to be done 
 by others, whereby the laid; Renunciations 
 and the other Tranfactions afore-mentioned, 
 may not have their full Effect : But, on the con- 
 trary, their Royal Majefties, with joint Coun- 
 cils and Forces, will ahvays fincerely take that 
 Care, and ufe thofe Endeavours, that the laid 
 Foundations of the public Safety (viz. the Se- 
 paration of the "French and Spanijh Crowns) 
 may remain unfhaken, and be preserved un- 
 touched for ever. 
 
 By the yth, that there (hall be a free Ufe of 
 Navigation and Commerce, as heretofore in 
 Time of Peace, and before the Declaration of 
 the late War. 
 
 By
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 437 
 
 By the 9th, the moft Chriflian King pro- 
 mifes to dcmolifh the Fortifications cf Dun- 
 kirk, at his own Expence, within five Months 
 after the Conclufion of Peace. 
 
 By the loth, the moft Cbriftian King ob- 
 liges himfelf to reftore, to Great-Britain the 
 Bay and Streights of Hudfin, with the Lands, 
 Seas, Sea-coafts, Rivers, and Piac.s fituate iri 
 the faid Bay or Streights, with the Fortrefiek 
 there erected, in the Condition they now are, 
 and alfo all the Cannon, and Cannon-Bail 
 therein, with a proportionable Quantity of 
 Powder, and other Frovifion of War, ufually 
 belonging to Cannon, provided that the Sub- 
 jects of France have Liberty to remove thfem- 
 felves and their other Effects ; and Commif- 
 faries on the Part of Britain and France {hall 
 determine, within a Year, the Limits to be fix'd 
 between the faid Bay of Hudfon, and the Places 
 appertaining to the French^ which Limits both 
 the Britijh and French Subjects mall be whol- 
 ly forbid to pafs over, or thereby go to each o- 
 therby Sea or Land ; and the fameCommifTaries 
 fliall alfo fettle the Boundaries between the 
 other Britijh and French Colonies in thole 
 Parts. 
 
 By the i ith> Satisfaction mall be given to 
 the Engtift Company, trading to Hudjoris 
 Bay, for all Depredations of the French in 
 Time of Peace ; and Satisfaction mall alib be 
 given to the French for any D..m gt done them 
 by the Briti/h Subjects in lime of Peace. 
 
 E e B
 
 438 r^LIFE of the 
 
 By the i2th, the Ifland of St. Chrijlopber 1 s, 
 Nova Scotia, or Acadie, Port-Royal, or Ana- 
 polis Royal, with their Lands and Dependencies, 
 are entirely yielded and made over to Great- 
 Britain, in fuch ample Manner, that the Sub- 
 jects of France mall hereafter be excluded from 
 all Kinds of Fifhing in the fiid Seas, Bays, and 
 other Places on the Coaft of Nova Scotia ; that 
 is to fay, on thofe which lie towards the Eajt, 
 within thirty Leagues, beginning from the If- 
 land commonly called Sable, inclufively, and 
 thence flretching along towards the South- 
 Weft. 
 
 By the I3th, the Ifland of Newfoundland, 
 with the adjacent Iflands, fhall belong of Right 
 wholly to Britain 5 but the Subjects of France 
 mall be allowed to catch Fifh, and dry them on 
 the Land t in that Part only of thefaid Ifland, and 
 no other, which ftretches from the Place cal- 
 led Cape Bonavifta, to the Northern Point of 
 the faid Ifland, and, from thence running down 
 by the Wcftern Side, reaches as far the Place 
 called Point Rube ; but the French mall not 
 fortify any Place in Newfcimdland, or erect 
 any Buildings there, bendes Stages made of 
 Boards, and Huts neceflary and ufual for Dry- 
 ing of Fifh, or refort to the faid Ifland beyond 
 the Time necelTary for Fifhing and Drying of 
 Fifh ; but the Ifland called Cape Breton, and 
 others in the Mouth of the River St. Laurence, 
 and in the Gulph of that Name, mall belong 
 to the French, who may fortify any Places 
 there. 
 
 By
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 439 
 
 By the 1 4th, the Subjects of Prance are to 
 have the Space of a Year to remove themfelves 
 and their Effects, from the Places and Colonies 
 yielded by France ; but thofe who chufe to 
 remain, and be fubject to Great-Britain, may 
 enjoy the Exercife of the Ramifi) Religion, as 
 far as the Laws of Great-Britain allow the 
 fame. 
 
 By the 1 5th, the French inhabiting Canada, 
 and other Countries in America, mall give no 
 Dlflurbance to the five Nations of Indians, 
 fubjedt to Britain, or to the other Natives of 
 America, their Friends ; and the Britifh Sub- 
 jects (hall behave themfelves peaceably to- 
 wards the Americans, who are Subjects or 
 Friends of France ; and there mail be a free 
 Intercourfe of Trade between the French and 
 Englijh, and the Natives of thofe Countries j 
 and it mall be fettled by Commiflaries, who 
 are, and who ought to be accounted the Sub- 
 jects and Friends of Britain, or of France. 
 
 By the 20th, juft and reafonable Satisfaction 
 fhail be given to all and fingular the Allies of 
 Great-Britain, in thofe Matters which they 
 have a Right to demand of France. 
 
 By the 21 ft, the French King agrees, that, 
 in the Treaty with the Emperor and Empire, 
 the State of Religion {hall be fettled in the 
 Empire, conformably to the Treaty of Weft" 
 phalia. 
 
 By the 22d, Satisfaction mall be given to the 
 
 Family of Hamilton-, the Duke of Richmond, 
 
 E e 2 and
 
 The LIFE of the 
 
 and Charles Douglas^ as to their feveral De- 
 mands in France. 
 
 By the 24th, the Treaty between France 
 and Portugal is con firm' d, and her BritiJJj 
 Majefly takes upon her the Guarantee of the 
 fame. 
 
 By the 25th, the fame is done as to the 
 Treaty between France and the Duke of 
 Savoy. 
 
 By the 26th, the King of Sweden, the Duke 
 of Tttfcany, the Republic of Genoa, and the 
 Duke of Parma, are included in this Treaty. 
 
 By the 27th, the Hanfe Towns are alfo 
 comprehended in the Treaty and are to en- 
 joy the ancient Advantages they had in Point 
 of Trade. 
 
 Her Majefly took, in every Point, Care of 
 tfo Interefl of" her Allies ; and, if they had any 
 Complaints to make, they were vifibly owing to 
 their own Obflinacy : Nay, even the Catalans, 
 whofe after Sufferings were imputed to the 
 Irgi-atitude and Defertion of the Engtijh. 
 They were not only indemnified for what was 
 pail:, but her Majefly alfo procured for them 
 the Privileges of the Cajiilians, 6cc. as is evi- 
 dent from the i3th Article of the Treaty of 
 Peace, between her Majefly and Philip King 
 of Spain, the zd of July, 1713, as {hewn 
 p. 426. 
 
 Confequently, their Misfortunes' are more 
 juftly to be attributed to their own Obflinacy, 
 than to any Want of Juflice andTendernefs in 
 the Englifh. 
 
 Every
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 441 
 
 Every one, who is acquainted with the Hif- 
 tories of thofe Times, muft acknowledge that 
 England bore a much greater Share of the 
 Expence of the War, than me was obliged to, 
 and Holland fell always fhort of her Quota, 
 though me had at the fame Time the Ad- 
 vantage of carrying on a Trade to France ; 
 wherefore it is nothing furpriiing, that, while 
 we were conquering Towns for the Dutch, at 
 the Expence of Englijh Blood and Treafure, 
 they mould be willing to protract it, and we 
 defirous to fee an End put to fo deftruo- 
 tive a War, by a fafe, juft, and honourable 
 Peace, which her Majefty was then thought 
 to have procured, however it has been fince 
 exploded : Whether juftly, or not, J am not 
 here to examine ; I fhall only fay, that the 
 Queen had the Concurrence of her People in 
 what fhe did, to whom me had the Conde- 
 fcenfion to communicate the Terms on which 
 Peace might be had before its Conclufionj 
 and that they thankfully acknowledged what 
 me had done, as appears in the two following 
 AddrefTes. That of the Commons is in the fol- 
 lowing Words : 
 
 Moft gracious Sovereign, 
 ' \TTEyour Majefty's moft dutiful and 
 e V V loyal Subjects, the Commons of 
 c Great-Britain in Parliament afiembled, beg 
 * Leave moft humbly to acknowledge your 
 ' Majefty's great Condefcenfion in com- 
 E e 3 ' municating
 
 442 The LIFE of the 
 
 ' municating to us the Terms upon which a 
 
 c general Peace may be made. 
 
 * Our Hearts are full of Gratitude for what 
 
 c your Majeftv has already done ; and we 
 want Words toexprefs the Satisfaction, with 
 which we have received all that your Ma- 
 jefty hath b^en pleafed to impart to your 
 Comment. 
 
 4 We h~ve an entire Confidence in ycur 
 Majefty, that you will fteadily jsmrfue the 
 true Intereft of your Kingdoms, and that 
 you will endeavour to procure for all your 
 
 Allies what is due to them by Treaties, and 
 
 * what is neceflary for their Security. 
 
 e Thefe AfTurances are the leaft which your 
 
 * faithful Commons can mike, to fo much 
 ' Condefccnlion and Goodnefs ; and they 
 ? humbly defire your Majefty that you will 
 
 * pleafe to proceed in the prefent Negotiations, 
 c for the obtaining a fpeedy Peace. 
 
 That of the Lords was in t :ie following Terms : 
 
 , 
 
 Moft gracious Sovereign, 
 
 WE your Majefty's moft dutiful and 
 loyal Subjects, the Lords Spiritual 
 and Temporal in Parliamentafiembled, beg 
 Leave to return our humble Thanks for 
 your Majefty's moft gracious Speech from 
 the Throne", and for your Majefty's extraor- 
 dinary Condefcenfion, in communicating to 
 your Parliament the Terms upon which a 
 general Peace may be made ; and we cannot 
 
 4 but
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 44.3 
 
 but express our entire Satisfaction in your 
 Majefty's great Care, for fecuring the Pro- 
 jilion in the Houfe of Hanover ; 
 and for your Majcily's fleadily purfuing, in 
 tiie firjft Place, the true Intereft of your 
 own Kingdoms ; and for endeavouring 
 to procure to your Allies what is due to 
 them by Treaties, and what is ncceffary 
 for their Safety : And we do with all Hu- 
 mility , afliire your Majefly, That this Houfe 
 doth entirely rely on your Majejiy's Wifdom to 
 Jinijh this great and gcod Work' 
 
 When her Majefly acquainted her Parlia- 
 ment, in 17 1 3, with the Treaty of Peace being 
 flgned, me receiv'd their Thanks and Congra- 
 tulations, as we have fcen, p. 431, 432, 433, 
 
 434- 
 
 That the Reprefentatives of the People 
 fpoke the Senfe of their Conflituents was 
 evinced by their Acclamations, and private, 
 as well as public, Rejoicings, on the Peace 
 being proclaimed between Great-Britain 
 and France - y which was on the 5th of May, 
 1713, in London, and, at every Market- 
 Town, the neighbouring Villages aflem- 
 bled to affift in proclaiming this great and 
 happy Event. 
 
 On the 9th of May, her Majefty communi- 
 cated the feveral Treaties of Peace and Com- 
 merce, between Great- Britain and France, to 
 the Houfe of Commons. 
 
 The Treaty of Commerce was, in a great 
 
 Meafure, left to be perfected by the Parlia- 
 
 E e 4 meat
 
 444 7Z* LIFE of- the 
 
 ment of Great-Britain, it being requisite to 
 r n-al and alter feveral Laws, before the fame. 
 could take Effect And, it having been 
 foun 1 by Experience, as well after the Peace 
 concluded by King William, as in the pre- 
 fent Treaty, that a Trade with France could 
 never be of any real Advantage to thefe 
 Kingdoms, the Treaty of Commerce was 
 never fully fettled. But, notwithftanding the 
 Bill for making effectual certain Articles in 
 the Treaty of Commerce did not pafs, the 
 Commons attended her Majefly with the 
 foil wing Addrcfs : 
 
 Mift gracious Sovereign, 
 
 ' T T T E your Majefty's moffc dutiful and 
 
 * VV loyal Subjects, the Commons of 
 
 * Great- Britain in. Parliament affembled, ha- 
 
 * ving, at the Opening of this Seffibns,congratu- 
 ' lated your Majefty upon the Conclufion of a 
 ' happy Peace, find ourfelves now under equal 
 
 * Obligations of Duty to exprefs our Thank- 
 ' fulnefs to your Majefty, fince we have been 
 
 * acquainted wi:h the Conditions and Terms 
 ' of it, which by your great Wifdom have been 
 ' procured, and by your great Condefcen- 
 ' ilon have been communicated to us. You-r 
 ' Majc fly's extenfive Care hadi not only pro- 
 ' vidcd for the Security, but the Honour of 
 ' your Kingdoms j and we mould be wanting 
 ' in our Concern for both, if we mould omit 
 ' our juft Acknowledgements for the par- 
 
 * ticular Regards, which your Majeftyin this,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 445 
 
 ' as well as in other Inftances, hath fhcwn to 
 
 * them. 
 
 1 The good Foundation your Majefly hath 
 ' lain, for the Intereft of your People in Trade, 
 ' by what you have done in the Treaty of Navi- 
 
 * gation and Commerce with France, gives us 
 ' Hopes of feeing it yet further improved, to, 
 ' the Advantage of your Kingdoms j and we 
 
 * make it our humble Requeft to your Maje- 
 
 * fty, that you wUl be pleafed to appoint Com- 
 ' miffaries, to treat with thofe of France, for 
 { the adjufting fuch Matters as are ftill necef- 
 ' fary to be fettled : And that you will give 
 e fuch Orders for the perfecting of the 
 ' faid Treaty, and the explaining the leveral 
 ' Parts of it, that an entire Scheme of Trade 
 ' may be framed between Great-Britain and 
 
 * France, which may fully anfwer and make 
 
 * effectual your Majefty's gracious Intentions 
 c for the Good and Welfare of your People.' 
 
 As a farther Evidence of the ge- 1713. 
 neral Senfe of the People, I mall 
 give the joint Addrefs of the Lords and the new 
 Houfe of Commons on the Parliament Meet- 
 ing, February the 1 6th. 
 
 Mcft gracious Sovereign, 
 
 ( T \ / E your Majefty's moft dutiful and 
 
 c VV loyal Subjects, the Lords Spiritual 
 
 ' and Temporal in Parliament alTembled, beg 
 
 ( Leave to exprefs the juft Senfe which we 
 
 * have of your Maj.eily's Goodnefs to your 
 
 * People/ in delivering them bv a fife, honour a-
 
 44-6 Tie L I F E of the 
 
 ble t and advantageous Peace with France and 
 Spain, from the heavy Burden of a confu- 
 ming Land War, unequally carried on, and 
 become at laft impracticable. 
 * And we do molt earnestly intreat your 
 Majefty, that you will be pleated, with the 
 fame Steadinels,\iotwithftaiiding all the Ob- 
 ftructions which have been, or may be 
 thrown in in your Way, to purfuc fuch Mat- 
 ters as you mall think necefTary for com- 
 pleating the Settlement of Europe, on the 
 Principles lain down to ycur Majefty, in 
 your moft gracious Speech from the Throne/ 
 I have been thus particular, with Relation. 
 to the Sentiments or' the People in general 
 on this Peace, that the Reader may be the bet- 
 ter able to judge, when they have the Sequel 
 of his Grace's Conduct in this very Affair, 
 whether his Grace by obeying the pofitive 
 Orders of his Sovereign, fo univerfally applau- 
 ded, merited the Return he met with from 
 the new Miniftry in the enfuing Reign : For 
 my Part I mall determine on neither Side, but 
 proceed to his Conduct, when at the Head of 
 the Eritijh Forces in Flanders , and mew that 
 he took not one Step, without Direction of 
 the Court of England \ or which, when his Or- 
 ders were difcretionary, was not afterwards 
 approv'd of, as tending to the Honour and Ad- 
 vantage of his Country ; to do this I muft be 
 obliged to recite fome Particulars, which I have 
 before taken Notice of in a fummary Way. 
 
 After
 
 Duke of ORMONDE; 447 
 
 After his Grace was appointed Commander 
 in Chief of her Majefty's Forces in Flanders, 
 he received the following Inftru&ions ; 
 
 ANNE R. 
 
 Inftruttiom for our right trujly, and right 
 entirely beloved Ccu/in^ and Counfellor, 
 James Duke of Ormonde, Captain-Gene- 
 ral and Commander in Chief of our Forces, 
 ailing in Conjunction with thofe of our Al- 
 lies in the Low- Countries. 
 You are with all poffible Diligence to re- 
 pair to the Hague^ and to acquaint the Pen- 
 fionary,trut, having appointed you to command 
 our Army in the Netherlands, we have given 
 you Orders to fee him, before you go to put 
 your felf at the Head of the Troops. You 
 are to exprefs to him the Refolution we are in 
 of pufhing the War with all poflible Vigour, 
 until the Enemy (hall agree to fuch Terms 
 of Peace, as may be fafe and honourable for 
 us, and for our Allies. 
 
 You are further to fay to this Minulcr, that 
 you are prepared to live in a good Correfpon- 
 dence with all the Generals of the Allies, and 
 particularly with thole of the States; and that 
 you hope you mall find the fame Inclination 
 on their Part, to which his (the Peniionary's) 
 good Offices will extremely contribute. 
 
 You are, after this Introduction, to define 
 the Penfionary to inform you what Plan has 
 been agreed upon, for the Operation of die 
 Campaign. 
 
 As
 
 448 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 As foon as you arrive at the Frontier, you 
 are to meet with the Prince Eugene ; and fuch 
 others of the Generals as fhall be in the Secret, 
 and with them to concert the proper Mcafures 
 for entering on Action. 
 
 You are to take the firft and every Oppor- 
 tunity of reviewing all fuch Regiments, as are 
 paid either in the Whole, or in Part, by us, 
 and to certify to us the Numbers, and Condition, 
 of the feveral Regiments of Horfe, Foot, and 
 Dragoons. 
 
 You are likewife, from Time to Time, to 
 correspond with one of our Principal Secreta- 
 ries of State, and to tranfmit conftant Ac- 
 counts of your Proceedings, and of all Oc- 
 currences which may happen. 
 
 Given at our Court at St. James' J the jtb 
 Day of April, 1712, in the eleventh Tear 
 of our Reign. 
 
 His Grace, being arrived at the Hague ^ made 
 a Vilit to the Penjionary, according to his In- 
 ftrucYions j but, when he enquired what Plan 
 had been agreed upon for the Operations of 
 the Campaign, that Minifter referr'd him to 
 their Generals, and Deputies, as the fitteft 
 Judges of what was to be done, when they 
 were in the Field. 
 
 On the 28th of April, N. S. his Grace had 
 a Conference upon the fame Subject with the 
 Deputies of the States, who alfo referr'd him, 
 as the -Penfanary had done, to their Field, De- 
 puties. 
 
 About
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 449 
 
 About the fame Time the Duke receiv'd a 
 Letter, from Mr. Cadogan^ who had been left 
 out of the Eftablimment of Lieut enant-Gene- 
 ra/s, defiring with greac Earneftnefs his Grace's 
 Intereft for his being employed under him the 
 Campaign. The Duke being very willing 
 that fo experienc'd an Officer mould be near 
 him, and by that Means a Witnefs to all his 
 Actions, readily complied with his Requeft, 
 and foon obtained the Queen's Leave for his 
 ferving in that Pofl : And his Grace was the 
 more earned in requiring this Favour of her 
 Majefty, as he was thoroughly fenfible, that 
 the then Oppofers of the Government delign'd. 
 him as a Spy upon his Actions. 
 
 On the 3<i of May, N. S. his Grace arriv'd 
 at Ghent, and, having fecured the Government 
 of that Citadel in Enghjh Hands, proceeded 
 to Tournay, where he met Prince Eugene and 
 the Deputies of the States : The Engtijh Forces 
 had fome Weeks before taken the Field, and 
 were canton'd along the Road between 'Tour- 
 nay and Lijle. On the 1 7th, Prince Eugenz 
 and Monfieur Vegelin made a Vifit to his 
 Grace, and it was then agreed between them 
 to pafs the Scbeld^ near Bouchain, in order to 
 encamp at Avefne Le Sccque, and fee whether 
 the Confederates could attack the Enemy, 
 without great Disadvantage ; or, fhould the 
 Enemy be too ftrongly potted, it was propofed 
 to invert Quefnoy, which, being a little Place, 
 could not hold out above three Weeks, at mod, 
 after the Opening of the Trenches. In order 
 
 to
 
 LIFE of the 
 
 to thefe Motions, the Proportion of the two 
 Armies, to be commanded by the Prince and 
 the Duke, was fully adjufted. The Duke was 
 to have under him fevent-y Battalions, and a 
 hundred and thirty- eight Squadrons, which 
 Forces were feme of them paid by her Maje- 
 fty, and others by her and the States jointly. 
 
 The Command being thus fettled, the ne- 
 ceffary Directions were given for aillmbling all 
 the Troops j puffing the Scarpe, and forming 
 the two Armies, on the 21 ft, between D.~ay 
 and Marckiennes, where the Pnnce and the 
 Duke deligned to join their refpedtive Forces, 
 and there concert fuch farther Meafurcs, as 
 might be requifite for carrying on the Service 
 of the Campaign. 
 
 Some Days, before, the Duke ofGrmcnde had 
 receiv'd two Exprefles from Mr. Secretary Sf. 
 Jobn y who was afterwards created Lord Vif- 
 count Boliingbroke. In his Letter the 1 6th of 
 April, he tells 1 is Grace, ' That he found by 
 very certain Intelligences, from Hollandy that 
 the Dutch Minifters were not without their 
 Fears of their new General j that they began 
 to confider he was a Papift, and zGermar?, at 
 leaft in Intereil ; that the Emperor, his Ma- 
 fter, had nothing to lofe on the Side of the 
 Netherlands j that a Battle won might give 
 Ground for infiffing on higher Terms, than 
 the Houfe of Aujiria was r.ow likely to 
 obtain ; that a Battle loft mh'ht flill contri- 
 bute to prolong the War ; and that, in either 
 Cafe, the Expence of Blood would fall to 
 
 ' the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 4 the Share of the Queen and the States : 
 That he was of Opinion, that thefe Reflec- 
 tions had occafioned private Directions to 
 their Generals to ufe more Caution, than 
 the Prince would perhaps approve; and that 
 his Grace might fee that this Meafure was 
 not very confident with the Compliment of 
 an unlimited* Command, made to that Prince 
 by Mr. Lathmtr in the Name of the 
 States: 
 
 In that of the 25th of 4pril y Mr. Secre- 
 tary acquaints the Duke, that her Maje- 
 fty was defirous to know particularly, on 
 what Foot the Dutch had fettled the Com- 
 mand : * That her Majefty inclined to be of 
 Opinion, that all the Troops, whether Sub- 
 jects, or Foreigners, belonging to her, fhould 
 be under his Grace's Command : There 
 might have been formerly Reafons for ufing 
 a different Method, but there feem'd to be 
 at prefcnt fome of a very ftrong Nature, for 
 taking this, and, perhaps, thefe might every 
 Day grow ftronger j that there could be no 
 Need for him to enter into the Grounds 
 which they had, in this Conjuncture, to be 
 jealous of Prince Eugene's Conduit j his 
 Grace would fee and know them all better, 
 than they could be repeated : But that on 
 this Occafion the Queen directed him to in- 
 form his Grace, that (he thought he was to 
 be the more cautious, for fome Time, of en- 
 gaging in any Action, unlefs in the Cafe of a 
 very apparent and coniiderable Advantage, 
 
 1 bccauie
 
 452 Tbe LIFE of tht 
 
 becaufe he would be daily ftrengthen'd by 
 the Arrival of the Imperial Troops ; and it 
 was but juft thefe mould have their Part, if 
 any Thing of that Kind was to happen : 
 That the great Article of preventing the U- 
 nion of the two Monarchies was not yet en- 
 tirely fettled -, the Expedients were hard of 
 Digeftion to the French Stomachs ; but, if 
 this was got over, he did not fee any formi- 
 dable Difficulty in the Way'. 
 His Grace on the 9th of May had written 
 to the Secretary, and given him an Account of 
 what the Dutch had done, in regard to the 
 Point of Command : Now, in Anfwer to thefe 
 Difpatches, his Grace repeated the Subftance of 
 that Advice; and then told Mr. Secreta y, 
 He was entirely of his Opinion, that a Battle, 
 either loft or won, would at this Time make 
 very great Alterations in the Treaties now 
 on Foot ; but the Secretary might remember, 
 that, in his Inftructions, he was order'd to act 
 in Conjunction with the Allies, in profecu- 
 ting the War 'with Vigour \ fo that, fheuld 
 there happen a fair Opportunity to attack 
 the Enemy, he could not decline it, if pro- 
 pofed by the Prince and the States ; but he 
 hoped to hear from him by a MefTenger, be-- 
 fore the Armies were form'd, which 
 would be on the 2 1 ft.' The Duke added, 
 n a fecond Letter of May the 2oth, c That, 
 if there was a good Opportunity to attack 
 the Enemy, and get into France by the Way 
 of Champagne , he was fure the Prince and 
 
 < the
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. ' 45 j 
 
 ' the States would prefs it, unlefs they heard 
 c from England that the Peace was near being 
 ' concluded : That he wifh'd it very'heartily ; 
 ' but, if it were delayed, he hoped he mould 
 ' have the good Fortune to force the French 
 * to comply with the Queen's Demands.' 
 
 The Armies having marched on, the Day 
 appointed, his Grace took his Quarters at Mar- 
 chiomes', where in Concert with the Prince, 
 and the Foreign Generals, he refolved to go 
 on nearer to the Enemy : And it was accord- 
 ingly agreed, that the two^ Armies fhould march 
 on the a6th, pafs \heScbeld, and encamp ; the 
 Right of Prince Eugene's Army at Neuvevilkj 
 and the Left of the Duke of Ormondes at So- 
 leme, where we had the River Selle in our 
 Rear ; and- in order to preferve a Communi- 
 cation with thePlaces on the Scarpe y \\iz Troops 
 were employed for fome Days in repairing the' 
 old French Lines between Denain and 
 
 and drawing another parallel to them from our 
 Bridges on the Beheld to Beaurepair ; in both 
 which a fufficient Body of Troops was to be 
 left, to fecure the Convoys of ProVifions, as 
 well from the Enemies Garrifons of Valen- 
 ciennes and Conde, as from their Army. 
 
 In the Evening of the 24th,- an Exprefs ar- 
 rived from Mr. Secretary St. John, who in a 
 Letter dated May the joth acquainted the' 
 Duke, ' That fince her Majefty had Keafon to 1 
 
 * believe, that fhe mould come to an Agreement 
 
 * upon the great Article of preventing the U- 
 1 nion- of the two Monarchies, as lbon : as # 
 
 F f
 
 454 7Z* LIFE of the 
 
 Courier fcnt from Versailles to Madrid could 
 return, it was her Majcfty's pofithe Com- 
 mand, that he Jhould avoid engaging in any 
 Siege, or hazarding a Battle, till he received 
 farther Orders from England. The Secre- 
 tary acquainted his Grace likewife, that the 
 Queen would have him difguife the Receipt 
 of this Order, and that her Majefty thought 
 he could not want Pretences for conducting 
 himfelf, fb as to anfwer her Ends, without 
 owning that which might at prefent have an 
 ill Effect, if it was publicly known. That 
 (he could not think with Patience of facrifi- 
 cing Men, when there was a fairProfpecl: of ob- 
 taining her Purpofe another Way ; nor would 
 fhe fuffer herfelf to be expofed to the Re- 
 proach of having retarded, by the Events of 
 the Campaign, a Negotiation which might 
 have been as good as concluded within a few 
 Days. He added, that this Order was com- 
 municated at the fame Time to the Court of 
 France ; fo that, if the Marefchal de Villars 
 fhould take any private Notice of it, the Duke 
 was to anfwer accordingly. 
 
 As the 26th was fix'd upon for the March, 
 had his Grace ever fo fair a Pretence, he could 
 not put it off for want of Forage : His Grace 
 was now under a very great Difficulty; Prince 
 Eugene and the Field Deputies prefs'd very 
 warmly for the undertaking a Siege, if the En- 
 gaging the Enemy was found improper, and 
 he could neither do the one, nor the other, 
 without difobcying the pofitive Commands of 
 
 her
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 her Majefty ; to which he was rcfolved to pay 
 a punctual Obedience, though he knew not 
 well what Excufe to make for any farther De- 
 lays, which confiflcd with the Secrecy enjoin- 
 ed him. 
 
 The Night before the Duke left Marchien- 
 ncs t he received a Letter from Marcfchal Vil- 
 lars, in which the Marefchal fays, * He has 
 Orders from his Mailer, with the Confent 
 of the Queen, to acquaint him that they 
 were no longer Enemies j and that it was" 
 the King's particular Injunction to him [the 
 Marefchal] to keep this Matter with an in- 
 violable Secrecy/ , 
 The Duke, according to the Intimation given: 
 him by Mr. Secretary $t. John,- anfwered, 
 ' That he had received Orders on .that Sub- 
 ' ject from the Queen,- arid fhould be fure to ; 
 ' conform himfelf punctually to them j but the 
 
 * keeping the Secret enjoined would very 
 
 * much depend on the. Meafures the Ma- 
 
 * refchal himfelf mould take.' . The Duke; 
 on his Part, let him know, that the March, he 
 fhould be obliged to make, was chiefly for the 
 Subfiflence of the Troops, and that tne Ma- 
 refchal need not be under any Appfehenfion' 
 on that Account ; at lead the Duke would an- 
 fwer for the Army, which he had the Ho- 
 nour to command. 
 
 Prince Eugene and the States Deputies 
 
 waited on his Grace on the 27th, defiring him 
 
 to fend his Quarter-Mailers to view the 
 
 French Camp ; which he could not cxcuie do 4 - 
 
 F f 2 in>
 
 456 He LIFE of tie 
 
 ing, without affording Grounds for Sufpicioru 
 The Day following, the Detachment fent to 
 view the Enemy's Camp being returned, 
 the Prince, with the faid Deputies, dined 
 with his Grace, and laid before him the Re- 
 port of thofe who had been fent out, that 
 the Ground for attacking the Enemy was as 
 advantageous as could be defired, and there- 
 fore urged their immediate March to that 
 End : The Duke's Quarter-Matters and many 
 General Officers having made him the fame 
 Report, he was convinced that what was pro- 
 poied was very practicable j but, as it was con- 
 trary to the Queen's Commands, he defired 
 they would defer this or any other Underta- 
 king, till he mould receive frem Advices from 
 Englandy which he expected in four or five 
 Days ; a Delay which could not be attend- 
 ed with any ill Confequence. Upon this 
 Anfwer, they replied, ' That it was agreeable 
 
 * to the Sufpicions they had for fome Time 
 
 * entertained, particularly fmce the Exprefs of 
 ' the 24th, which they knew had brought 
 ' him Letters from England ; and they were 
 c the more confirm'd in thefe Sufpicions, be- 
 
 * caufe Moniieur Villars, who had, on all Oc- 
 cafions, mevvn himfelf very vigilant, did not 
 fend out a Man to obferve their Motions ; 
 or take any other Precautions to fecure his 
 Camp, where it lay fo much expofed ; and he 
 could not be ignorant, how ftrong a Detach- 
 ment had been Abroad on that Side. Adding, 
 that they were obliged to give an Account of 
 
 1 what
 
 Duke 0/*ORMQND. 457 
 
 * what had pafs'd, and of the Delays made 
 
 * by the Duke, to their Matters, by Exprefs.' 
 In this Situation, any brave and good-natur'd 
 
 Man, as thefe Ornaments of the Mind arc 
 commonly infeparable, muft pity the Duke : 
 On the one Hand, nor.withftandingtheCharac~r.er 
 of hisperfonal Bravery was beyond the Reach 
 of the m oft male volent Cenfures, yet he could 
 not but be anxious for his own Glory ; he 
 could not deny, but that a very favourable Op- 
 portunity presented for attacking the Enemy 
 with Succefs, and muft neceilarily forefee, 
 that, in cafe the Negotiations mould break 
 off, or the French deceive the Confidence 
 repofed in them, whatever ill Confequence 
 mull attend the having neglected to take 
 Advantage of the Enemies then Situation 
 would be charged to his Account : On the o- 
 ther Hand, mould he have joined with Prince 
 Eugene and the Deputies of the States, and 
 attacked the French, he muft have firft difo- 
 beyed her Majefty's pofitive Commands, 
 which might have been attended with fatal 
 Confequcnces*, and have contributed to the 
 protracting a War, which, however advan- 
 tageous to her Allies, while England bore by 
 much the greater Burden of the Expence, was 
 vifibly deftruc~live to her Intereft. 
 
 On the 4th of yune, two of the Deputies 
 made a Vifit to the Duke j and in the Even- 
 ing fent him a Memorial, in which they re- 
 preiented, that, by Order of their Mafters, 
 they were to acquaint him, with how great 
 F f 3 a Degree
 
 LIFE of the 
 
 a Degree of Surprize the States had receiv'4 
 the News of his declaring he would un- 
 dertake nothing, till he had Letters from 
 England, ( and of his refuting to affift either 
 f in a Siege or a Battle; that it feemed to them 
 ' incomprehenfible, and unaccountable, why 
 f the Allies fhouldlofefuch an apparent Oppor- 
 
 * tunity which they then had, as well in Regard 
 f to the Goodnefs and Number of their Troops, 
 
 * as the Situation of the Armies, to gain fome 
 c great Advantage over the Enemy, which, if 
 f once neglected, might for ever be irretrieva- 
 5 ble : That they could by no Means con- 
 5 ceive his Orders were fo ftrict, as to tie up 
 ? his Hands, when fo fair an Occafion of 
 ? annoying the Enemy prcfcnted itfelf ; and 
 f that in their Opinion fuch Orders ought to 
 ' be underflood in the beft Senfe, fo as to 
 .' injoin the declining any Attempt for fome 
 f little Time, provided no great Prejudice 
 
 * might redound by that Means to the com- 
 ' mon Caufe ; but in no Ways to juflify the 
 ? Sitting flill with their Arms acrofs, in fuch a 
 5 Situation, where Inaction would cut off all 
 ' Hopes of their being able to attempt any 
 f Thing for the future : Since, if the Army 
 5 continued inactive for any Time, the Forage 
 5 would be confumed, and the Operations of 
 5 the reft of the Campaign would be render- 
 f ed not only difficult, but impracticable. Be- 
 5 fides, the Enemy would have Time to 
 f entrench and fortify their Carnp, as much 
 f as they pleafed, That the States had 
 
 f ordered
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 459 
 
 * ordered them to enforce thefe Arguments 
 ' with others, and particularly with this, that 
 
 * the Army, his Grace commanded, confifted 
 c not only of her Majefty's national Troops, 
 c but for the moft Part of fuch as were in the 
 ' joint Pay of her Majefty and the States, the 
 
 * Command of which indeed belonged to his 
 ' Grace, as General in Chief j but as thofe 
 ' Troops were engaged, by both Powers joint- 
 c ly, to make War and aft againft the Ene- 
 c my, they could not be exempted from thi.t 
 
 * Service by his Grace alone, without the 
 ' Knowledge and Confent of the States ; at 
 ' leaft without contrad idling the Treaties, and 
 c the End bv and for which they were cn- 
 ' gaged : That not only the Treaty of the 
 ' Grand Alliance, but others made between 
 9 her Majefty and the States, obliged her Ma- 
 
 * jefty to pufh on the War with Vigour ; but 
 ' the Declaration his Grace made, that he 
 ' could not acl: till further Orders, at a Time, 
 ' when, by his Grace's own Approbation, 
 
 * they had marched jufk within Sight of 
 
 * the Enemy, and when there was fo fair 
 ' a Profped: of Succefs, if fomething were 
 ' attempted, could not, they thought, be 
 ' reconciled either with thofe Treaties, or the 
 c repeated AfTurances which her Majefty had 
 9 given them by Letters, by my Lord Strafford^ 
 ' and by his Grace lately at the Hague. There- 
 ' fore they defired his Grace, if he had any 
 ' Regard to thofe Treaties and Aflurances, 
 
 * which ought to be kept facred, to pufli QJI 
 
 F f 4 < th*
 
 460 The LIFE of tie 
 
 c the War with Vigour offenfively again/I the 
 
 * Enemy : But that, if his Grace pcrfiftedin 
 .* his Refolution of not acting offenfively, 
 ' they denied to know whether he would con- 
 ' fent, that the Troops under him might be 
 5 employed to cover a Siege, which they 
 f would undertake ; and whether he would 
 ' give a Promife to attack the Enemy, if they 
 f came to difturb them : That, in cafe hi$ 
 
 * Grace -refilled, they did in the moft folemn 
 ' Manner, and in the ftrongeft Terms, pro^ 
 ' teft againft the irreparable Damage, which 
 c fuch a Conduct would occaiion to the Con- 
 ' federacy : That, in order the better to guide 
 f themfelves, they demanded to know pofi- 
 ' tively what his Orders were, how far they 
 f reached, and what Dependence the States 
 f might have on her Majefty's Troops for the 
 ' future ; and laftly, they required, on their 
 ' ' Part, that his Grace would not hinder the 
 ' Troops in the joint Pay from acting agreea- 
 
 * bly to the Reafon of War, and their folemn 
 
 * Treaties and Engagements.' The Concluiion 
 of the Memorial was, that the States had 
 ordered this Reprefentation to be made in 
 Writing to his Grace, that all the World and 
 Pofterity might fee, that they have been fo 
 far from being guilty of the great Injury, 
 which the common Caufe receives from the 
 prefent Inaction, that they have done all in 
 their Power to prevent it, and that others are 
 to anfwer for all the unhappy Confequences 
 pf-it. 
 
 T
 
 Duke 0/* ORMONDE. 461 
 
 To this Memorial the Duke gave no other 
 Anfwer, than that he mould be glad to receive 
 Letters from England, before he entered upon 
 Action. It occafioned, however, his immcr 
 diate fending an Exprefs thither, with an Ac- 
 count of what had paffed, dcfiring that, before 
 Things came to Extremities, he might receive 
 his final Orders : Adding, it was a Matter of 
 the greateft Importance to both the Public and 
 himfelf, that he fhould know her Majefty's 
 Pleafure as foon as pofiible. 
 
 In the Interim, the Prince and the Deputies 
 preffed the Duke continually for a pofitive 
 Anfwer j reprefenting, at the fame Time, the 
 Goodnefs and Superiority of the Confederate 
 Troops, which could not be contradicted j and 
 concluding, the Duke muft have Orders not to 
 do any Thing, though he would not own 
 them ; iince they knevy he .could not anfwer 
 for his Inaction, if jt were not according to 
 Order. 
 
 On the 7th of June, a Letter came from 
 Mr. Secretary St. John, dated the jyth of 
 May, * which exprefled the Impatience her 
 ' Majefly was in to hear, whether the Orders, 
 4 fent on the loth of May, came fafcly and 
 ' early to his Hands, and the Aflurance fhe 
 ' had of his Grace's punctual Obedience to her 
 f Commands, in fo nice and important a June- 
 ' ture/ His Grace returned an Anfwer the 
 next Day, reprefenting, ' That Things were now 
 f come to great Extremity ; that he could not 
 feeing every Day frefh Marks of the
 
 462 The LIFE of the 
 
 ill Blood and Difaffection caufed among the 
 Allies, by the Meafures he was obliged to 
 obferve ; that many of them did not fcruplc 
 to fay, that we were betraying them, and 
 this Ferment feemed rather likely to en- 
 creafe than diminim ; and, confidering the 
 Circumftances we were in, it was hard to 
 fay what might be the Confequcnces of it : 
 That, let the Peace, which he was in daily 
 Expectation to hear of, be never fo advan- 
 tageous, he was apprehensive, that, if the 
 Allies mould pretend to diflike it, he could 
 not depend upon any Troops but thofc 
 compofed of her Majcfty's own Subjects : 
 And what confirmed him in this Opinion 
 was, he was well inform'd that, if the Elec- 
 tor of Hanover did not approve of the 
 Peace, his Troops would have Orders to 
 ferve with the Dutch, and would likewife be 
 augmented by all that Prince could fparc 
 from other Parts j and he was not without 
 Sufpicion, that Endeavours were likewife u^ 
 fing to gain the Danes. The Clofe of his 
 Letter was in thefe Words : By this and my 
 former, you may guefs, how uneafy a Situation 
 I am in and, if there be no Profpe ft of Ac- 
 tion, I do not fee of what Ufe I am here j and t 
 if it Juit with her Majejiy's Service, I ftould 
 be glad I might have Leave to return to 
 England : But in this and all other Matters 
 I mall readily fubmit to her Majefty's Plea- 
 fiire. I am impatient to hear from you 
 * yvhat J am to depend upon/
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 463 
 
 The Siege of Quffnoy having been refolved 
 upon by the Prince and Deputies, and the Ar-r 
 mies palled the Selle, his Grace encamped with 
 his Right at St. Pithou, and his Left at Cba^ 
 teau Cciffibre/u; the very next Day the Town was 
 inverted by a Detachment from the two Ar- 
 mies of 30 Battalions, and as many Squadrons ; 
 for, though the Duke had no Part in carrying 
 on the Siege, he could not refufe furniming 
 feven Battalions and nine Squadrons of the 
 Troops in the joint Pay of England and the 
 States, but avoided fending any of thole which 
 were in her Majefty's whole Pay, 
 
 On the loth the Duke receiv'd a Letter 
 from Monfieur Fillars, in which he lets his 
 Grace know, * He had received feveral Advices, 
 ' that Qutfn&f was actually inverted, and that 
 
 * Part of the Troops in his Grace's Army was 
 
 * employed in that Service : That, by Order of 
 
 * his Marter, he dcfires to know of him, if 
 ' any Troops under his Command have a 
 
 * Share in undertaking or forming that Siege; 
 for he cannot think Prince Eugene would 
 venture to attempt it with thofe Forces alone 
 which he commands. He therefore begs 
 his Grace would explain this Matter to him, 
 that he may know how to adt and take his 
 Meafures, according as Prince Eugene per- 
 feveres in, or delifts from this Enterprize/ 
 
 He adds, That a Courier went from Paris, 
 
 * the Morning before, with the Anfwer of 
 
 * Spain to the Queen, which it was fup- 
 ? pofed wou!4 be fatisfaftory.'
 
 464. The L I F E of tie, 
 
 The Duke anfwered, as the Marefchal him- 
 felf had obierved, that the Keeping this Af. 
 fair fecret was of Confequence j he left him to 
 judge whether he could otherwife anfwer this 
 View, than by the Conduct he had obferved : 
 He acknowledged that he had furnimed fome 
 Troops for the Siege of Quefnoy, which was 
 not in his Power to prevent, but that they 
 were fuch as were in Part paid by the States^ 
 but not a angle Man folely in the Queen's 
 Pay : That he thought, ijnce the Trenches 
 were not opened, the Siege would have no Ef- 
 fect to break the Meafures concerted between 
 their Sovereigns, before they could receive their 
 final Inftru&ions. His Grace concluded his 
 Letter by faying, that he was furprized at the 
 Duke of Wirtembergs informing him, that the 
 Marefchal rnd told one of that Duke's Trum- 
 pets, the Englijh would not hurt the French, 
 nor the French them ; and that he the Maref- 
 chal had fuch Orders, and did not at all doubt, 
 but his Grace of Ormonde had the like, 
 
 The Marefchal, in another Letter the next 
 Day, * denied that he had ever feen, or heard, 
 of any Trumpet from the Duke of Wir-* 
 temberg ; that this was a mere Invention of 
 thofe who had a Mind to give a Reputation 
 to the Dutch Gazettes^ in which it had been 
 affirmed, that his Grace had {hewn Prince 
 Eugene his Orders not to engage in any At- 
 tempt. He defires to be inform'd by his 
 Grace, whether the Army under his Com- 
 mand would oppofe any Attempt, which the 
 
 * King's
 
 Dule 0/* ORMONDE. 465 
 
 King's Forces would certainly make upon 
 the Prince, if he continued the Siege : And 
 adds, that the King, while he fees Prince* 
 Eugene undertaking a Siege, and knows the' 
 Army under his Grace ought not to act di- 
 rectly or indirectly againft his, would be ve- 
 ry much difpleafed with him, if he continu- 
 ed inactive.' 
 
 In the mean Time an Exprefs arrived from 
 Mr. Secretary St. John, with two Letters, the 
 firft of May the ayth, acquainting the Duke, 
 That the affected Alarm and Clamour, raifed 
 with fo much Induftry, both in Bngia&faatid 
 Holland, by the Dutch, gives her Majefty no 
 Uneafinefs whatever; and that, as her Orders 
 were founded on the moft juft as well as pru- 
 dent Confiderations, his Grace had obeyed 
 them with that Firmnefs, which became him : 
 That her Majefty approves his Grace's Pro- 
 pofal in taking the Camp he had mentioned 
 to cover the Siege of ^ucfnoy^ if the Prince 4 
 and States perfift in their Defign of attack- 
 ing that Place: That it was her Majefty 's 
 Pleafure his Grace fhould find the moft 
 plaufible Pretence of fending a Trumpet to* 
 Monfieur Villars^ to inform that General of 
 the true State of Affairs, and to acquaint 
 him, that Things would not continue long 
 in this uncertain Condition, fince in four or 
 five Days the Duke might expect to hcyr 
 from England that the Peace was fecure, or* 
 to receive Orders for entering immediately 
 upon Action. His Grace was directed to 
 
 f con-
 
 466 
 
 conclude, by faying, that, fince the Sufpence 
 would fo foon be removed, he hoped the 
 Mareichal would not oblige him to come to 
 any Action, either to defend himfelf, or to 
 join with Prince Eugene , as he muft nccefTa- 
 rilydo, if the Prince meuld be attacked.' 
 The fecond Letter from Mr. Secretary, of 
 the 28th, gives an Account of the Queftion 
 moved that Day, and rejected in both Houfes 
 of Parliament : * That the Queen would fend 
 c Orders to his Grace to fight ; and of the 
 c Addrefs which was carried in the Commons, 
 e without a Divifion, and in the Lords by a 
 c Majority of twenty-eight.' The Secretary 
 adds, c That the Spirit^ which was then mewn 
 ' in both Houfes, was more confiderable, and 
 c a better Omen, than even the Majority by 
 e which they prevailed.' Enclofed was a Let- 
 ter of the fame Date, from the Secretary to the 
 Marquis Tcrcy to this Purpofe, * That the Re- 
 monftrances which the States had made to the 
 Queen, upon the Duke of Ormonde's refufing 
 to engage with them, either in a Battle, or a 
 Siege, had no other Effect on her Majefty, 
 than to make her renew the fame Orders to' 
 the Duke : But in cafe Prince Eugene and 
 the States, which was not very likely, mould 
 pern" ft in their Defign of befieging any Place, 
 though the Army of the Queen mould not 
 concur in it ; the Duke of Ormonde was to 
 de^re Monfieur Fillars not to attempt any 
 Thing againft them, nor oblige them to 
 come to any Action : That, in a very few 
 
 Days,
 
 Duke of ORMONDS; 467 
 
 Days, the Queen expected the Anfwer of 
 King Pbilip from his moft Chriftian Majefty; 
 upon which either her Majefty would be fa- 
 tisfied, or give Orders to her General to act 
 with all poffible Vigour : That fo inconiide- 
 rable a Delay as this could be of no Preju- 
 dice to their Interefts j and therefore the 
 Queen did not doubt but the Marefchal 
 would think himfelf obliged to hinder any 
 general Action, by giving no Difturbance to 
 the Allies, as the Duke of Ormonde had 
 already prevented it, by refufing to act againft 
 the Army of France' 
 He farther adds, that, if Prince Eugene's 
 Army and the Dutch were fo unreafonable, as 
 to prefs on a Siege, without his Graced Con- 
 currence, and to refufe to fray a few Days 
 while he expected his final Orders ; his Grace 
 is directed to fend this Letter, with one from 
 himfelf, to Monfieur Villars ; which he ac- 
 cordingly did on the 1 2th. To this the Ma- 
 refchal returned an Anfwer the next Day, 
 ' That, though it was mortifying to fee an E- 
 * nemy undertake a Siege, without giving him 
 ' any Disturbance, he would not attempt any 
 ' Thing againft the Army of Prince Eugene* 
 On the 1 3th, Moniieur Wilder en and Mon- 
 fieur Hop came by Order of their Mailers the 
 States to the Duke : Moniieur Wilder en be- 
 gan the Difcourfe, by affuring his Grace, in the 
 Name of the States, that they had the fame 
 profound Veneration and Refpect for the 
 Queen as ever, and would take Care to (Lew it 
 
 upon
 
 468 The LIFE of 
 
 upon all Occafions ; though they had Rcafoii 
 to apprehend fome ill Offices had been done 
 them, by their being reprefented as if they 
 had too great a Correfpondence with the Whig- 
 giJJ} Party in England. They defired the 
 Duke to afTure her Majefty of the contrary ; 
 and intimated the Defign of the States, to fend 
 an extraordinary Deputation to her Majefty for 
 the fame Purpofe. Difcourfing afterwards up- 
 on the Subject of the Siege of $>uefnoy t the De- 
 puties afked the Duke, if he would furnim any 
 more of the Auxiliary Troops for that Ser- 
 vice : To which he anfwered, That he had 
 given them what they at firft defired, and 
 could fpare no more. The Duke was then 1 
 afked, Whether, in cafe of their being at- 
 tacked, during the Siege, he would cover 
 them ? To which he replied, He would till 
 he had farther Orders. They then enquired 
 particularly, Whether they might depend up- 
 upon his Afliftance, in cafe the French mould 
 make a Detour, and come by the Way of 
 Landrecy and Savoy ? He afliired them they 
 might, till fuch Time as he had In ftr notions" 
 to the contrary ; and that then they mould not 
 fail of being acquainted with it. 
 
 As foon as the Duke had received the 
 News of what had pafTed in Parliament, he 
 ordered it to be tranflated, and ferit to Mon- 
 iieur Euku , who, came next Morning; and, 
 in his Difcourfe feemed not very well latisfied 
 with the Dutch ; and took fome Pains to per- 
 fuade his Grace, that the Elector of Hanover^ 
 
 hi*-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 liis Matter would never give into any Mea- 
 fures but in Concert with the Queen. 
 
 At this Jun<5hire, the Englifo Court received 
 Advice from good Hands in Holland, that the 
 Dutch had propofed,- to the Marquis of T^orcy- 
 a feparate Negotiation with France, exclufive 
 of Englaiid ; in which Propofals they r^pre- 
 fented to the faid Marquis fome particular Ad- 
 vantages which France might reap by fuch a 
 Treaty ; but, that notwithstanding, this met not 
 with the leail Countenance from the Court of 
 Ferfailles. 
 
 On the i yth of June his Grace recetv'd a Letter 
 from the Lord Privy-Seal, in which his Lord- 
 fhip informs him, * That the Minifters of the 
 States, though frequently put in Mind and 
 called upon, had never been prevailed with to 
 treat about any Plan of Peace, to that very- 
 Day. That therefore, upon their making 
 fo ill a' Return to the Queen's Condefcenfions 
 towards them, and refuting to concert Mea- 
 fures with her, he had been ordered by hef 
 Maiefly to take the firft folemn Occasion to 
 declare, that all her Majefty's' Oircrs wer* 
 founded upon this exprefs Condition, that 
 they came immediately into the Queen' 3' 
 Meafures ; and that (he looked upon iierfdf; 
 from their Conduct now, to be under no Ob- 
 ligation whatever to them/ 
 On the 2 1& an Exprefs arrived from Mr/ 
 Secretary St. John, with a Letter, dated Ju^c 
 the yth. This owns the Receipt of all th^ 
 Duke's Letters, * and begins with mentioning- 
 G g- ' ^
 
 470 The LIFE of the 
 
 * the Satisfaction, with which her Majefty 
 
 * heard of that exaft Obedience which his 
 
 * Grace had paid to her Orders.' Inclofed 
 -were two Copies of two Letters and a Me- 
 morial, which were to be difpatch'd the fame 
 -Day from England to the Marquis of Torcy, 
 containing Propofals for a CefTation of Arms, 
 for two Months, between the Armies in the 
 -Netherlands: In thefe the Queen infifts on the 
 Execution of the Articles, relating to King Phi- 
 lip's Renunciation of the Crown of France, and 
 an immediate Delivery of Dunkirk^ as Points, 
 without which flie would not declare for a 
 Cefiation. The Secretary acquainted his Grace, 
 4 That her Majefty was pofitively refolved to 
 1 continue no longer on the prefent Foot, 
 1 Matters being brought now to a very mort 
 Iflue. If thefe Conditions were accepted, and 
 4 fent him, fign'd by the Marquis of Tcnry, and 
 4 Dunkirk put into ourPofifeffion,.he was pub 
 
 * lickly to own he could act no longer againft 
 
 * \hzFrench; if they were not confented to,= 
 4 he was entirely free from Reftraint,. and at 
 c Liberty to take all reafonable Meafures which 
 4 were in his Power for annoying the Enemy,. 
 ' That he hopes my Lord Strafford^ then going 
 ' to Utrecht, will find. the Dutch more tracta- 
 bie than they have hitherto been; in which 
 
 * Cafe, the Queen would do her utmoft to fettle 
 ' the Terms of a Ceffation, and of a Peace too,. 
 
 * in the bed Banner for them. That it was 
 4 with the greateft Regret,, her. Majefty found 
 4 her fcaf conilrain'd to come to fuch Extremi- 
 
 4 tie*
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 471 
 
 ties with her Allies : But what Remedy had 
 (he left ? When either me muft fblbw this 
 Courie, or fubmit to be uied worfe than any 
 petty Prince, and fee the Negotiation wreft- 
 ed ( ut of her Hands, for no other Rea- 
 fon, butbecaufe fome Benefit was like to ac- 
 crue to her Subjects by a Peace. That it 
 was probable, Moniieur Pillars would re- 
 ceive the Oiders (for the Surrendry cf Dun- 
 kirk) which would be fent from Verjaidcs-) 
 and that therefore his Grace mould iofe no 
 Time in acquainting the Marefihal, that, ac- 
 cording to the King's Refolution upon thefe 
 Articles, they were either to look on them- 
 felves on borh Sides, as freed from any re- 
 ftrictive Orders, and in full Liberty of acting 
 againft each other j or openly to declare for 
 a Ctfiation of Arms, while the be ft Means 
 poffible were ufed with the reft of the Allies 
 to do the fame. However, the Queen's De- 
 claration was to be poiitive. That his Grace 
 to be fure was informed of the Endeavours 
 ufed by the States to feduce the Troops in 
 her Majefty's Pay from her, and to borrow 
 Money for carrying on their Subfiftance. The 
 Queen makes no Doubt therefore but his Grace 
 is on his Guard, and would take the beft 
 Precaution to make thofe Troops fteady to 
 her Majefty's Intereft, and to prevent any 
 Surprize : That Care would be taken to let 
 the feveral Minifters know in what Manner 
 the Queen would refent any Steps of that 
 Kind ; and that his Grace would do well 
 G g 2 4 to
 
 472 f&eLIFEof tie 
 
 to fpeak the fame Language to the Genesis 
 of the Foreign Corps paid by the Qiieen. 
 The Secretary obferves how the Duke had 
 been preffed, he might fay, indecently, to 
 give an Account what Orders he had received 3 
 and tells the Duke that he himfelf had been 
 queftioned by the Dutch Minifter, much in 
 the fame Manner j whom he anfwered, by 
 demanding what the private Inftrudions 
 were, which the States had given to their 
 Deputies and Generals. He is of Opinion, 
 that, in cafe France mould agree with the 
 Queen, and his Grace mould by Confequence 
 reiufe publickly to adt againft them, the Al- 
 lies would have little Reafon to complain ; 
 fince Dunkirk was fomething more valuable 
 than Quefnoy, and a Town delivered up was 
 more cheaply acquired than a Town taken 
 by Siege.' 
 
 The Duke immediately fent a Trumpet to 
 the Marefchal, and June the 25th received a 
 Copy of the Articles, the Original of which 
 had been fign'd by the Marquis of Torcy, in- 
 the Manner the Queen had demanded. Up- 
 on this the Earl of Orkney was directed to pre- 
 pare himfelf to march with ten Battalions, in- 
 order to take PoflefTion of Dunkirk. 
 
 The fame Morning the Duke wrote to 
 Moniieur Villars^ and fignified to him, ' That 
 c he wi (lied the Marquis of 'Torcy would 
 c have given himfelf the Trouble to have fign- 
 ' ed the Copy of the Articles, which would 
 
 <- have
 
 Duke of ORMOND, 473 
 
 have been more regular, and more agreeable 
 to the t Duke's Inltructions : However he 
 would not obllrud the accompliming fo good 
 a Work, by raifing Difficulties and Scruples, 
 and infixing too much upon the Want 
 of Formality. That he was juft going to 
 make Prince Eugene and the States Deputies 
 a Viiit, with whom he was to keep Mea- 
 fures to the laft ; and that he mould endea- 
 vour to perfuade them to defift from the 
 Siege of QueJ'noy^ and to declare to them that, 
 in cafe of their Refufal, he mould be obliged 
 to withdraw the Army of the Queen. That 
 he mould fend away a Detachment, the next 
 Day, to take Poffefiion of Dunkirk ; but 
 was of Opinion, that the Marefchal mould 
 have given him an Order in Form for its 
 Surrender ; and defired he would lofe no 
 Time in a Matter of fo great Importance ; 
 concluding, that, as foon as he knew the 
 Refolutions of the Prince and the Deputies, 
 he would not fail to let them, have Notice 
 of it.' And, 
 
 The fame Day, the Duke vifited the Prince 
 and the Deputies, in Purfuance of his Pro- 
 rnife to acquaint them with any fuch Orders 
 he mould receive from England, incompatible 
 with his coveting the Siege of Qiiefnoy j and 
 told them that the French King had agreed 
 to feveral Articles demanded by the Queen, as 
 a Foundation for a Sufpenfion of Arms; and, 
 among others, the giving up. immediately in- 
 fo our Poileffion die Town of Dunkirk. That 
 G g 3 i be
 
 474 ^* LIFE of the 
 
 the Duke therefore could no longer cover the 
 Siege of ^uefnoy - y being obliged by his Inftruc- 
 tions, to march with the Queen's Troops, and 
 thofe in her Majefty 's Pa.y , and to declare a Cef- 
 fation of Arms, as foon as Dunkirk was de- 
 livered up : And he hoped they would readily 
 concur therein, which would be the moft pow- 
 erful Motive, to induce the Queen to take all 
 poffible Care of their Intertfts at the Peace. He 
 likewife endeavoured to mew them, that Dun- 
 kirk y as a Cautionary Town, was a Place of 
 greater Confequence to the Allies than >uefncy. 
 The Deputies defired five Days Time to confuit 
 their Mailers upon fo important a Matter ; 
 which the Duke would have allowed them, if 
 in the mean Time they would have agreed to 
 defift from the Profecution of the Siege, or at 
 Jiaft to make fome Delay in it, which they faid 
 was not in their Power. However, he at laft 
 conferred to give them three Days, that being 
 no Hindrance to the Execution of his Orders, 
 becaufe he could not expert to have an Ac- 
 count before that Time from the French 
 Court, how Dunkirk mould be delivered up 
 to him. The Deputies refufed to let a De- 
 tachment gq through any of their Towns in 
 the Way to Dunkirk ; and both they and the 
 Prince told his Grace, that his Marching away 
 with the Queen's Troops, and the Foreigners 
 in her Pay, would leave them to the Mercy of 
 the French ; but that they were fure, the Fo- 
 reigners would not march ; which, it ieems, 
 they had very good Ground to believe . 
 
 The
 
 Duke of O R MON D E . 475 
 
 The Duke had taken the firfl Opportunity 
 to found the Generals of the Foreign Troops 
 in the Queen's Pay : They feemed at firft 
 well inclined to continue fleady to her Maje- 
 fty's Pntereft ; and particularly General Buku, 
 who came to his Grace fcemingly with great 
 Joy and Satisfaction, as foon as he had read 
 the Queen's Speech, and told him he was rea-. 
 dy with his Matter's Troops to follow all fuch 
 Orders as his Grace fhould think fit to give him. 
 But upon difcourfing with him now, the Duke 
 found, that Means had been ufedto prevail up- 
 on him, as well as the reft ; who agreed in 
 making Excufes, and pretended they could not 
 feparate from the Confederacy, without exprefs 
 Directions from their Matters, to whom they 
 had fent Couriers accordingly. They alleged, 
 that neither the Grand Alliance, nor the parti- , 
 cular Conventions, admitted of any Parties 
 treating of, or making Peace, or even a Sufpen-, 
 ilon of Arms, without theConfent of the others. 
 The Duke thought k belonged not to him to 
 enter into thefe laft Particulars ; but infifted on j 
 the Commands he received from the Queen, 
 and on the Engagements they were under to 
 affiil him, their General, in an effectual Com- 
 pliance with them j reprefenting, at the fame 
 Time, the juft Reafons the Queen had to rsr- 
 fent, and the ill Con iequences that would atr 
 tend, their Refufal. 
 
 However, the Duke finding that the Fo- 
 reign Troops would obey no Orders, but what 
 they thcm&lves, in Conjunction with the Prince 
 $ 4 and
 
 476 -Tie LIFE of the 
 
 and the Deputies, fhquld approve, countermand^ 
 ed the Detachment defigned for Dunkirk. And 
 in the Afternoon fent to Monfieur Villars an 
 Account of the Refult of his Vifir, and deli- 
 red to know of him more particularly, c In 
 5 what Manner Dunkirk was to be put into our 
 * Hands, in cafe the Englifh Troops marched 
 .' alone without the Auxiliaries ; which, he 
 ' had fome Reafon to fufpecl, might fcruple 
 ' to go along with him: Adding, that he 
 hoped he would not defer fending the necef- 
 fary Orders for the Delivery of that Town, 
 which would be a Means to make every 
 Thing relating to the Peace go on the more 
 eafily, and the CefTdtjon of Arms take Effect 
 the fooner.' 
 This Precaution the Duke thought very ne- 
 cefTary, having no AfTurancethatZ)w^/r^ would 
 be furrendered upon a CefTation being declared, 
 riot by the Queen's Army, of which he had 
 the Command, but by that Part of it only 
 which coniifted of her Majefty's own Sub- 
 jects. 
 
 The fame Day, a fecond Exprefs arrived 
 
 with a Letter, dated June the nth, wherein 
 
 Mr. Secretary St. John acquaints the Duke, 
 
 That, fuppofing he receives from the Court 
 
 of France an Acceptance of the Conditions 
 
 propofed by her Majefty for a Sufpenflon 
 
 of Arms, the Queen directs that he would 
 
 coniider how to take PolTefiion of Dunkirk 
 
 in the beft and fafefl Manner ; and this not 
 
 only with Refpect to the Enemy, but to the 
 
 4 A llies *
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 477 
 
 Allies j and that he would know of Monfieur 
 VillarS) what Facility he could give on his 
 Part in the Matter, and how his Grace might 
 beft obviate fuch Difficulties as the Prince 
 and the Deputies might create. And though 
 what had palled lately in England, had made 
 the Queen abfoiutely Miftrefs of her own 
 Conduit, and cut off all Hopes of breaking 
 through her Meafures : It was good, how-. 
 ever, to fuppofe the worft, and to omit no 
 Precaution in an Affair fo nice in its Na- 
 ture, and of fo great Importance to the 
 Queen's Honour, and to the Intereft of her 
 Kingdoms. Should the French not comply 
 with the Articles propofed by her Majefty, 
 his Grace underflood himfelf to be at Liber-* 
 ty to act, as if no reftridive Orders had ever 
 been fent him.' 
 The Duke, upon a Suppofition that Mon- 
 fteur ft/lars would fend him a fatisfadory Arw 
 fwer, and that the Foreign Troops would per- 
 fift in their Refufal to obey his Orders, defined 
 Jo make u : e of the fafeft Method, and march 
 with all the Englifh Troops and the Artillery to 
 Dunkirk-, the Englijh Corps being fo finall, that 
 it could not be any other Way fecure. Tiiey 
 would then have the Sea open, in cafe the Queen 
 fhould think fit to recall them ; the Town. of 
 Dunkirk^ and Forts depending upon it, would 
 hold all the Foot, and the Horfe might be en- 
 camped under the Cannon. And this the 
 Duke had Reafon to think the more necefliiry, 
 fince the Dutch ha4 rcfufcd to let a Detach- 
 ment
 
 478 The LIFE of the 
 
 rncnt pafs through, their Towns ; and, fliould 
 the Troops be feparated, he would not be fo 
 able for the Execution of any Orders the 
 Queen might fend him, as he mould be at 
 "Dunkirk. This was the Difpofition the Duke 
 thought moii fuitable to the prcfent Pofture of 
 Affairs j and, that nothing might be omitted on 
 his Side, he fent to the Foreign Generals writ- 
 ten Orders, requiring them to be ready to 
 march with him upon the firfl Motion he 
 fhould make. 
 
 On the 27th, a Trumpet from Marefchal 
 Villars let the Duke know, * That he had dif- 
 
 * patch'd a Courier to Court, about the Subject 
 ' of his laft Letter j and in the mean Time 
 1 informed him, that the Orders for die Deli- 
 ' very of Dunkirk of Courfe went from Court 
 ' to the Lieutenant-General that commanded 
 
 * in that Place, who, he fuppofed, would have 
 
 * Directions to furrendcr it, as a Ccffation was 
 1 agreed upon j and this he thinks mi^ht coni- 
 1 mencc immediately, fince the King had a- 
 ' greed to all the Queen's Dem nds. But hj 
 '.begs Leave to obfcrve to the Duke, that the 
 ' King might very well be aftoniflied, that, in 
 f cafe of aCeflation, the Generals of the Aux- 
 ' iliary Troops fliould make any Difficulty 
 
 * to feparate from Prince JLugene ; and that it 
 ' was furprifing, that the Dutch fliould have 
 c more Power over Men which they do not 
 c pay, to make them hazard their Lives, tl an 
 ' the Queen, who has paid them thefe dozen 
 
 < Years,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 479 
 
 c Years, fhould have, to perfuade them not to 
 * expofe themfelves to any Cancer.' 
 
 On the 29th, MoniieurF/7/^rj lint the An* 
 fwer, which the Marquis of Tcrcy had dif- 
 patched to Mr. Secretary Sf. Jobi, the 27 th, 
 about the Point of a CelT..tion. The Sub- 
 ftance ot the Marquis's Letter was, * 1 hat, not- 
 withftanding fo eflential a Difference, as that 
 of the Auxiliaries ftill continuing with Prince 
 Euge?ie t the Duke of Ormonde demanded 
 the Surrender of Dunkirk ; that, in the very 
 Articles propofed for a CefTation, it is expref- 
 fed, that the CefLtion jfaould be between the 
 Armies, which are at prefent in the Nether- 
 lands ; that it is upon this View of a gene* 
 ral Ceflation, that fo important a Place as 
 Dunkirk was to be delivered up : That the 
 chief Motive which made ;;g7t/ Wand France 
 agree to a Ceflation was, that nothing might 
 happen between the Armies to interrupt the 
 Meafures which were taking for a Peace : 
 To effect this, nothing but a general Cefla^ 
 tion would beilifficknt; and, if the Enemies 
 of Peace had ftill the Liberty, the Means and 
 Power of Acting left them, the Condition, 
 upon which the King was to fu rrender Dunkirk 
 to the Queen, would not be complied with on 
 her Majefty's Part : That the King always 
 thought the Queen was entire Miftrefs of the 
 Troops which compoicd her Army ; and 
 that they had all Orders to follow the 
 Duke of Ormonde's Directions , and there- 
 f fore, upon a Ceflution, were to forbear Ac- 
 
 ^ e *
 
 4 8o The L I F E of the 
 
 tion, as well as the Englifh: That, in cafe 
 the Engtifh alone left the Army, Prince Eu- 
 gene, finding himfelf the fole General at the 
 Head of great Numbers of Men, would 
 hazard any Thing to come to an Action; and 
 would not at all fcruple to facrifice Troops 
 which his' Mafter did not pay, and which 
 were to be under the Prince's Command, only 
 during the Remainder of the Campaign. 
 'Therefore, fince thefe Propofais for a CeSa- 
 tion neither anfwered the Meafures which 
 the Queen had hitherto taken for a Peaoe, 
 nor agreed with the Articles which had been 
 concerted between her Majefty and the 
 King, upon that Subject, the King was per- 
 fuaded that the Queen would give the Duke 
 of Ormonde full Inftruction to feparate the 
 whole entire Army, which was in her Ma- 
 jefty's P. y, and actually under the Duke's 
 Command, from that of Prince Eugene-, and, 
 when this was done, the King would be 
 ready to deliver up Dunkirk^ as it had been 
 agreed upon in the Articles of the CefTa- 
 tion.' 
 
 The View of this Letter gave the Duke good 
 Reaibnto hope, that the Queen approved of his 
 defigning not to feparate her Troops, and to 
 march to wards Dunkirk^ till hehadfufficientAf- 
 furance that the Place would be delivered up 
 to him 3 whereas now the contrary appeared 
 fo evidently, that he mould have thought him- 
 felf immediately at Liberty to adt in Conjunc- 
 tion with the Allies, would he have taken up-
 
 
 Duke (jf ORMONDE. 481 
 
 on himfelf to make a Step of that Confequenee, 
 without the Queen's particular Orders } but 
 thefe he had farther Room to expect, fince the 
 Allies were now engaged in the Siege of $u?f- 
 noy . and in no Condition therefore at prefent 
 of attacking the Enemy. And the Duke was 
 the lefs uneafy under this Delay, being .fen- 
 fible that England had not been able on her 
 Part to make good the Condition of a general 
 Ceflation, upon which the immediate Delive- 
 ry of Dunkirk was promifed. 
 
 Monfieur Villars, in his Letter, had invited 
 the Duke of Ormonde to an Interview, which 
 the Duke (being no Way empowered to agree 
 to, and refolved never to depart the leaft 
 Tittle from his Inductions) declined, and ex- 
 cufed himfelf in a Letter to the Marefchal. 
 
 While the Duke was difpatchkig an Exprefs^ 
 with an Account of all thefe Proceedings, a 
 Meffenger brought him a Letter of June the 
 1 4th, from Mr. Secretary St. John, which 
 gave the Duke an Account, * That the Cou- 
 rier returned from France the Night before, 
 and that herMajcfty's Demands \vere com- 
 plied with to her Satisfaction. If therefore 
 his Grace had any Difficulties, as feveral 
 were forefeen, which might arife in taking" 
 PofTefTion of Dunkirk^ he might keep his 
 Army entire, and the Meafures were ready in 
 England for fending over Troops fufficient 
 for that Service j that nothing could be more 
 dreadful to the Dutch, than this Towa in 
 Ei.glijb Hands : That he was therefore to 
 
 * confider-
 
 482 The LIFE of tie 
 
 consider the Temper they were in ; and, if 
 he was likely to have the leaft Disturbance 
 given him on this Account, he was to keep 
 the Secret, fend his Accounts to the Queen, 
 and in the mean Time the Troops mould 
 be ready to enter the Place from England > 
 where Means would be found of concerting 
 Things fo, that the Declaration for a Sufpen- 
 fion of Arms mould be exactly timed with 
 the Evacuation of Dunkirk. If they had ta- 
 ken Poffeffton, well ; if not, they could be 
 able to do it from thence ; and, perhaps in 
 the prefent Ferment, he had better lie ftill, 
 and \etDunkirk be poffcfFed firft,and the Cla- 
 mour happen afterwards.' 
 On the 5th of July came another Letter, of 
 June the 20th, from the Secretary, informing 
 the Duke, * That the Queen had ordered my 
 Lord Strafford to make all pofiible Hafte 
 to the Army, with Instructions, which were 
 necefiary in this critical Conjuncture : That 
 the Foreign Mmifters had been told, that 
 the Queen would look upon herfclf as ac- 
 quitted from all Obligations' of Arrears of 
 Subsidies, or Pay, to that Prince, whofe 
 Troops mould refufe to obey her General's 
 Orders without Hefitation : That his Grace 
 mould declare as much to thofe who com- 
 manded them, and require a pofitive An- 
 fwer from them : Thar, till my Lord Straf- 
 ford came, the beft Ufe his Grace couid 
 make of the intermediate Time, would be 
 to continue vigilantly on his Guard, and to 
 
 < fpeaL
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 48 3 
 
 ' fpeak in the plaineft and moft refolute Man- 
 c ner to them.' Enclofed came a Copy of a 
 a Letter from the Secretary to the Marquis of 
 Tcrcy, of the fame Date, the Subject of which 
 was, ' That the Queen, having received an 
 f Account of what had pafied, both from the 
 
 * Duke of Ormonde^ and from France^ com- 
 
 * manded him to acquaint the Marquis, how 
 
 * verv g reat a Diffatisfadtibn it was to her 
 ' to fee, that the Enemies of Peace had 
 ' again found out Means to retard its Conclu- 
 ' fion, by expofing the Methods by which 
 ' it wasw to be gained to new Difficul- 
 c ties and Dangers. But as her Majefty had 
 ' taken a firm and immoveable Relolution, 
 e - not to give the leail Way to thofe Obftruc- 
 c tions, and to continue her utmoft Endea- 
 c vours to concert with the King, towards 
 ' eftablifhing a general Peace; fo me did 
 
 * not doubt, but me mould be able to defeat 
 ' the laft Efforts of thofe, who either fought 
 c their own Intereft, or gratified their private 
 Refentments, in prolonging the Miferies of 
 
 * War. That he, in the Queen's Name, had 
 
 * declared to the Minifters of thofe Princes,. 
 
 * who had Troops in her Pay, that in this 
 
 * Juncture her Majefty would look upon the 
 4 Conduct of the Foreign Generals, as a De- 
 ' claration of their Mafters for, or againft her ; 
 
 * fince they muil either follow the Plan which 
 ' me had lain for obtaining a Peace, or that 
 
 * which the Emperor and the States had form- 
 
 * ed for breaking it off. That the Queen could 
 
 * not
 
 ^ LIFE*/ tbe 
 
 ' not but perfuade herfelf that thofe Generals; 
 
 * after a little Reflection, would obey the 
 e Duke of Ormonde** Orders without the leail 
 c Hefkation ; but, if they did not, her Majefty 
 c would pay thofe Troops no longer. That 
 c thofe Minifters had written to their Generals 
 
 < by this Courier, and the Duke of Ormonde 
 
 < would receive Orders, not only to make the 
 c fame Declarations, but to put them imme- 
 c diately in Execution, if they refufed to 
 c obey. That the Queen thought this Method 
 c could not fail of fucceeding ; but, in cafe any 
 of the Foreign Troops perfifted in their De- 
 l lign of ftaying with Prince Eugene, the 
 
 Duke of Ormonde mould retire with the 
 Englijh Forces, and all the Foreigners who 
 would march with him (which, to be fure, 
 would be the greater! Part of them) and de- 
 clare that her Majefty would no longer aft a- 
 gainftFrtfflff, or pay thofe that did. That her 
 ' .Majefty, who had hitherto obferved Mea- 
 
 * fores with her Allies, being forced by them 
 ' to fuch an Extremity as this thought herfelf 
 ' juftified before God and Men, and at Liber- 
 c ty to carry on the Negotiations at UfrecLf, 
 ' or elfewhere^ without regarding whethdr 
 c they concurred with her, or no. So that, if 
 
 * the King would furrender the Towns and 
 
 < Forts, of Dunkirk into the Queen's Hands, 
 ' tho' all theForeign Troops, or fome of them, 
 
 * mould refufe to obey the Duke of Owonde, 
 1 her Majefty would no longer makeany Scruple 
 1 of cone ludi ng her particular Peace j and would 
 
 'fee
 
 Dttle of ORMONDE. 485 
 
 * fet a Time for the others to come in uponi 
 c thofe Conditions, what mould be agreed 
 f upon between her and France. That the 
 
 * Peace now was in the King's Breaft : If all, 
 ' the Army of the Duke of Ormonde mould 
 
 * agree to a Sufpenflon of Arms, the firft Pro-" 
 ject, that was concerted between them, hacf 
 
 * its Effect - 3 if they did not, the Duke would 
 f withdraw with the Englijh, from the Al- 
 
 * lies, arid the Foreign Troops would be left 
 1 to take Service with the Dutch ; who were 
 ' fo far from being able to furnifh this new 
 
 * Expence, that they were not in a Condition: 
 ' to fupport the Charges they were already at,' 
 ' In fhiort, that England would retire from the 
 
 * Theatre .of War 3 and, fifice there would but 
 e a few Powers be left in a Capacity to make 
 ' Head againft France, the Peace might be 
 ' concluded between thefe two Kingdoms iri 
 ' a few Weeks. Thefe were the Propofals 
 ' her Majefty made, and me believed the King 
 
 * would find his Account in' them; as well 
 upon the latter, as upon the former Plan i 
 
 * and that, befides, he would think it for V6t& 
 
 * their Interefts to make immediately a general 
 
 * Ceflation, as well by Sea as by Land; between'. 
 
 * the two Crowns : That every Moment of 
 c Time was precious in fuch a Juncture; and 
 ' therefore the Marquis would difpatch a 
 
 * Courier to the Duke, at the fame Time he' 
 f fent to England. If the Duke had Notice; 
 
 * that the King had given Orders to the Oflp 
 
 * ccr who commanded iii Dunkirk, for thir 
 
 h' ' fttf "
 
 486 7%e LIFE of the 
 
 Surrender of it, his Grace would immediate- 
 ly execute what the Secretary had propofed, 
 and in that Cafe her Majefty would fend 
 fome Regiments from England, to take Pof- 
 feffion of that Place, which would be a 
 Way'lefs liable to Accidents than making a 
 Detachment from the Duke's Army, as was 
 at firft defigned. The Letter concludes, that 
 the Queen had refolved to fend my Lord 
 Straford directly to the Army.' 
 In the Secretary's Letter (wherein this to 
 the Marquis ufTorcy was enclofed) the Duke 
 was further reminded, " That, if he received 
 an Account from the Court of France that 
 her Mujefty's Lift Propofals were agreed to, 
 and Orders difpatched for the Surrender of 
 Dunkirk^ he would have no more to do 
 than to declare the Sufpenfion of Arms be- 
 tween Great Britain and France ; to keep 
 the whole Body, which mould obey his Or- 
 ders, entire, and to withdraw, in the beft 
 Manner, which the Circumftances he mould- 
 be in would allow of.' 
 Upon the Receipt of thefe Letters, the Duke 
 fent an Exprefs to England > and acquainted Mr, 
 Secretary, " What ?. great Advantage he fhould 
 hive in this difficult Conjuncture, that the 
 Commands of the Queen were to be brought 
 him. by the Earl of Str afford : Whofc long 
 Experience and good Advice would, he 
 hoped, help him to execute his Orders with 
 better Succefs, and more Satisfaction to her 
 Majefty,, than he had hitherto been able to
 
 Duke of ORMONDE, 487 
 
 * do, tho' he could fcaree be fo fanguine, as 
 
 * to flatter himfelf, that all his Lordfhip had 
 to fay would prevail on the Generals of* 
 4 the Foreign Troops in the Queen's Pay to 
 ' change their Conduit, till they had Orders 
 
 * from their refpective Matters. That hei 
 ' hoped my Lord Straffcrd would be able to 
 
 inform him the Rout he was to take, that the 
 Troops might not be in Danger of wanting 
 Subfittance, fince the States, to be fure, would 
 not be willing we fhould live upon their Ter- 
 ritories j and he could not fee how we could 
 do it any where elfe, without paying for what 
 we had, and there was no Poffibilky of Hay- 
 ing longer in the prefent Camp, after we had 
 declared the Sufpcrfion cf Arms. His Grace' 
 added, that he could not conceal from him* 
 that there were Advices from Prance ', v-hich 
 faid, that Moniieur Pillars oppofed, as mnch 
 as he could, the Delivering up Dunkirk ort 
 any other Conditions, than a general Suf- 
 penfion between the Queen's whok Army^ 
 and that of the King his Matter/ 
 The Duke had already told the Foreigrt 
 Generals, how they might expect the Queen 
 would refent their refufing to obey his Orders, 
 and had fent them the Letters tranfmkted from 
 the Minifters in England 'on that Subject. Mon- 
 fieur#7/&, who commanded the SaxOn Tro'opsy 
 Was the only one he had yet feen, iince 
 the Sending of thofe Letters, and he told: his ; 
 Grace, c That he could give no other Anfwef 
 " than he did at firtt : That he expected ever/ 
 H h %
 
 488 7%e LIFE of the 
 
 c Day pofitive Orders from his Mailer's Mini- 
 1 fter at Utrecht, that his Head was at Stake, 
 ' and he muft have a good Warrant for what 
 < he did/ 
 
 On July the 7th in the Morning, Monfieur 
 Vi 'liars fent a Letter to the Duke with the Or- 
 ders for the Surrender of Dunkirk j in this he 
 tells him, ' That tho 1 , as a Frenchman, he 
 
 * ought to be grieved at the Lofs of fo impor- 
 ' tant a Place ; yet he did not regret it, fince 
 
 * it made fo firm a Union between the two 
 ' Nations. That he faw, by the Secretary's 
 *' Letter to the Marquis of Torcy, that the 
 c Queen had taken her laft Refolutions, to fi- 
 c nifh the great Work of Peace with Firmnefs 
 *' and Spirit ; which had been fo long obftruct- 
 
 * ed, by a malignant Party, and by the Self- 
 
 * Intereft of fome private Perfons as well as 
 ' Princes : And that he found by what was 
 ' writ by the King's Order to the Count of Sf. 
 c John, that his Matter had taken the fame 
 f Refolutions, and would not be wanting in 
 c any thing, the Queen mould delire. The 
 ' Marefchal concludes, with his Approbation of 
 < fending Troops from'J&TgYtfW to take PolTef- 
 c fion of Dunkirk, and thinks it mofl proper, 
 ' for the Intereft of both Nations, that the 
 c Duke mould flay at the Head of as great a 
 ' Body of Men as poffible.' 
 
 The Duke could not but think it a little par- 
 ticular, that, when a Detachment was defigned 
 to go from the Army to take PofTeffion of 
 Dunkirk, the Marefchal fent him no Orders for 
 
 its
 
 Duke 0/ ORMONDE* 489 
 
 its Surrender, but faid,they were to goof Courfe 
 to the Commander of that Place : And yet 
 now, when he knew the Troops for that Ser- 
 vice would be fent from England, he fhould 
 difpatch thofe Orders immediately to the Camp; 
 which indeed could be made the lefs Ufe of 
 there, fmce the Duke neither "knew, who com- 
 manded the Detachment, nor 'how to convey 
 the Orders to him, if he had known. 
 
 Tho', upon the Receipt of thofe Orders for 
 the Delivery of Dunkirk, the Duke was now 
 told, he had no more to do, than to declare 
 the Sufpenfion .of Arms between Great Bri- 
 tain and France, and to withdraw in the 
 beft Manner he could ; yet, fmce he expected 
 every Moment my Lord Str afford, with frefh 
 Inftructions for his future Conduct, he was not 
 willing to do either of them, till that Lord ar- 
 rived. In the mean Time he fent Monfieur 
 Villars Word, that he hoped the fame Orders 
 had been difpatched to England, fince the 
 Troops, defigned to take Pofleffion of Dunkirk, 
 were to go from thence. 
 
 On the 8th of July^ the Prince of Anhalt, 
 the P ruffian General, waited upon the Duke 
 and told him, that the Night before he had 
 received a Courier from the King, his Mailer, 
 in Anfwer to what he had writ, upon the firft 
 Propofal his Grace had made to him j the 
 King's Anfwer was, 'That he was extremely 
 c furpriz'dat what theQucen defired, in Rela- 
 * tion to withdrawing his Troops from the 
 f reft of the Allies, and making a feparate 
 Hh 'Pence;
 
 490 tte L I F E of the 
 
 c Prnce: Tha'- he had r "'cr any Intimation 
 
 * of it from tbt Queen, an i wondered fuch a 
 f Propofal fhould be ira.'c to his General, 
 
 * without his being firft acquainted with it 
 f himfejf : That, in the Queen's Speech, he did 
 ( not find any thh'g particular mention* d for 
 
 * him, but all left at Lrge ; that he was de~ 
 
 * pendent upon the Empire ; and if he mould 
 ' Separate from the Imperial Troops, in a Mat- 
 ' ter of this Confequence,' it might be as fatal 
 ' to him, as what had happened to the Elec- 
 f tors of Bavaria and Cologne : And therefore 
 
 * he hoped, the Queen would not take it ill, 
 f if he kept his Troops with thofe of the Em^ 
 
 ? P ire -' 
 
 Monfieur Buku (who had firft gone to the 
 
 other Army for Advice) told the Duke, the 
 fame Day, that, by his Infh uct ons, he could 
 not feparate his Troops from the Allies, withs- 
 out particular Orders from his Ivlafter j and 
 that, if he mould, his Head mufl anfwer for it. 
 The Duke of Wirtemberg &id, he had a Let- 
 ter from the Dariifo Minifter ; but alleged, 
 he could not withdraw his Troops, without 
 piredions from the King. 
 
 July the 2th early "ih the Morning, arrived 
 an Exprefs from Mr. Secretary St. yjon, with 
 a Letter dated June 27tb, containing another 
 from the Marquis de Tcrcy, of July 5th, 
 
 * giving an Account of the French King's a- 
 ' greeing to the Queen's Propofals, in Relation 
 
 * to Dunkirk. The Secretary, in his Letter^ 
 f tglls his Grace, that Sir James Abercromlne
 
 Duke of ORMONDE, 491 
 
 c and Colonel King had been the Night be- 
 ' fore difpatch'd to Dunkirk, to prepare . very 
 ' thing for the Reception of the Queen's 
 
 * Troops, and for the Evacuation of that Place 
 
 * by the French, and that they would inform 
 
 * his Grace of their Arrival there, and of their 
 
 * Proceedings in the Execution of her Maje- 
 ' fly's Commands : That Sir John Lcake was 
 
 * gone to the Downs, where a considerable 
 ' Squadron of Ships- was aflembled, and, he 
 c hoped, that, in the very Beginning of t,e next 
 ' Week, the Fleet and Forces would be ready 
 
 * to fail : That the Earl of Strajford's going by 
 c the Way of Holland, inftead of that of Oft end ^ 
 
 * as was at firfr. deftgned, would make him arrive 
 ' at the Army ibmewhat later, than it were to 
 
 * bewim'd, and his Grace would, no Doubt, 
 c be impatient to receive thofe Lights and In- 
 c formations for his Guidance, in this nice 
 ' Conjuncture of Affairs, which he was amply 
 c mftfucted to give him : That upon hearing 
 ' from Sir James Albercrombie and Colonel 
 
 * King, that the Orders for evacuating Dun- 
 
 * kirk were received by the Governor, and 
 c that he was ready to admit the Queen's 
 ' Troops into the Place ; his Grace was, with- 
 ( out loling a Moment, if he had not done 
 1 it already, to declare a Sufpenfion of Arms, 
 ' and to withdraw with the Britifo Troops, 
 c and fuch others as mould obey his Orders, 
 e according to her Majefty's Commands, which 
 
 * had been Signified to him on the 20th. The 
 
 * Secretary .defires his Grace would obfcrve, 
 
 Hh 4
 
 492 Th& LIFE of the 
 
 ' that this Order was pojitive ; and he 
 
 f commanded to explain the Reafons, upon, 
 
 * which is was founded $ and that no Cafe 
 ( could poffibly happen, in which her Majefty 
 ' would allow, that any other Meafures mould 
 
 * be taken. If my Lord Str afford brought his 
 c Grace Word, that the Dutch did abiolutely 
 c agree to a Sufpenfion of Arms, then this Or- 
 
 * der was proper ; and ^ E?tgliJ}} and Dutch, 
 c and all the other Allies, would retire together. 
 ' If he brought his Grace Word, that they 
 f would absolutely refufe the Sufpeniion, then 
 ' this Order was neceffary j lince we were not 
 4 in Circumftances to have the Law impofed 
 ' upon us. And laftly, if my Lord Strafford 
 
 * brought his Grace an Account, that the 
 
 * States agreed to a Ccflation of Arms conditir 
 e on ally, and under Reftricftion, either as to 
 
 * Time or Manner, her Majefly mud look 
 f upon fuch an Agreement to be more danger 
 f rous, than even a Refufal, fince it could 
 
 * have no other Confequence, or Deiign, than 
 
 * to break the Queen's Meafures, by gaining 
 
 * of Time, and to make us lofe the Oppor- 
 ? tunity of taking Poffeffion of Dunkirk. The 
 ' Secretary farther informs his Grace, that Me. 
 ' "EL-.ll was appointed to command the Troops 
 e that went over, and were to be in Dunkirk j 
 f and that Mr. Sweet had Orders, to make no 
 
 * further Payment, to any of the foreign Troops, 
 " unlefs to fuch as his Grace and my Lord Strafr 
 ' ford mould think proper, and deferving 
 I that Diftin&ion at the Queen's Hands.'
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 493 
 
 The Duke 'immediately difpatched Colo- 
 pel Lloyd to go to Dunkirk^ with the Order, 
 which had been fent from the French Court, 
 for the Delivery of that Place, and gave the 
 toloncl a Letter to Moniicur Villars^ in 
 which he acquaints the Marefchal, c of the 
 two Officers being lent to Dunkirk 3 and 
 fince the Marefchal had not inform'd him, 
 that the Orders . for the Surrender of the 
 Town were fent to England, he defires hi? 
 Aid de Camp might have Liberty to* carry 
 thither thofe, which he receiv'd from the 
 Marefchal on the feventh.' 
 A little after the Colonel had been dif- 
 patched, an Exprefs came from Monfieur 
 Villars, with a Pacquet direded to the Duke ? 
 from the Colonels, that were arrived at 
 Dunkirk. The Marefchal tells his Grace, 
 how well fatisfied he was, of his Matter's 
 Confidence in the Queen's Word, and 
 that there mould not be the leafl Delay, 
 or Difficulty, on his Side, in furrendering 
 the Town; but it feem'd reafonable to 
 him, that the Day, both for the Delivery 
 of the Town, and the Sufpenfion of Arms, 
 mould be agreed, upon between them ; and 
 he hop'd his Grace would think fo too. 
 He adds, that he heard the Prince and 
 General 'Dopjf had been, the Day before^ 
 to reconnoitre Landrecy ; and that hf$ 
 Grace mud believe, that neither this En-' 
 terprize, nor any other, would be attempt- 
 ;d, without all the Oppofitioa it was pofli- 
 
 ' Wfi
 
 494 72* LIFE of tie 
 
 ble for the King's Troops to give them ; 
 and he hop'd the Duke, with the Forces 
 under his Command (which mnft, by this 
 Time, have receiv'd Orders from their Ma- 
 ilers) would leave him at full Liberty to 
 aft, or rather, to fpeak more properly, he 
 believed, the Difturbers of the Public 
 
 * Quiet would not not dare to trouble it 
 any longer.' 
 
 The two Colonels, in their Letter from Dun- 
 kirk, acquainted the Duke, { That they had 
 
 * waited upon the Governor, who told them, 
 ' that Monfieur Voifm had lately informed 
 ' him, that the King's Orders had been fent to 
 ' Marefchal Villars, for delivering up Dunkirk 
 c to her Majefty : But as yet thofe Orders were 
 
 * not come to his Hands ; and, until they were, 
 
 * he could not proceed to do any Bufinefs with 
 
 * the Colonels.' 
 
 In the Evening the Duke received another 
 Letter from the Marefchal to inform him, 
 '-' That no Orders, but what his Grace received, 
 * had been fent for the Delivery of Dunkirk, 
 ' and to define him to appoint a Day when the 
 
 * Place ihould be delivered up, and the Suf- 
 
 * psnfion of Arms declared 5 and to tell him, 
 4 that he kept Colonel Lhyd at his Quarters, 
 ' till he had his Grace's Anfwer. The Mare- 
 c fchal fays, he finds, by Letters, from Mr. 
 
 * St. Jotn, that the Execution of both the 
 c one, and the other, entirely depends upon 
 his Grace.' 
 
 The
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 495 
 
 The Foreign General? continued, moft of 
 them, refolute not to march : Trie Saxon Ge- 
 neral feem'd undetermined, and laid, he was 
 in daily Expectation of Orders from his Ma- 
 fter ; only Monfieur Earner and Monfieur 
 Walef^ who feveraiiy commanded the Hol- 
 Jieiners, and the Liege Dragoons, told the 
 Duke, that fuch of their Troops, as were pi^id 
 by the Queen, would obey the Orders he 
 fhould give them. 
 
 The fame Evening the Lord Straffordarriv'd. 
 And as his Grace had been long impatient for 
 his Coming, fo, upon difcouning with him, 
 he wifh'd his Lordfhip had brought thofe 
 Lights, which his Grace had fo much Reafon 
 to expecl. 
 
 Next Morning the Duke difpatched an Ex- 
 prefs to Monfieur Millars to let him know, the 
 Sufpenfton of Arms only ftuck at him, { That 
 
 * he might fee bv an enclofed Extract of a Let- 
 ' ter, from Mr. St. Jokn, that it ought tofoU 
 
 * low the Declaration, the Governor of Dun- 
 4 kirk was to make of his being ready to deliver 
 
 * up the Town ; and therefore defired, he 
 ' would give Colonel Lloyd 'a PalTportto make 
 
 * all the Hafte he could to Dunkirk, to fee 
 
 * what Difpofitions were makiti: r there, for the 
 
 * Reception of the Queen's Troops; and that, 
 ' as foon as ever he had an Account, -that the 
 ' Governor was ready to iurrcndtr ic, he 
 ' would immediately declare a Sufpenfion of 
 1 Arms ; and the Marefchal had nothing to 
 \ &Q } but to name the Day, and inform him 
 
 * pf
 
 496 The LIFE of tie 
 
 ' of it. His Grace adds that my Lord Straf- 
 ''fcrd arrived the Night before, and gave 
 1 him Hopes, that things were now in a fair 
 ' Way of being adjufled, for the Good of the 
 *, common Caufe.' 
 
 . On the 1 4th of Juty> the Duke received 
 an Account from Monfieur Villars^ That he 
 f had fent Colonel r Lloyd forwards to Dun- 
 
 * kirk, with all the necefTary Orders for its 
 c Surrender, and that his Grace might reckon 
 .' upon it as a thing done. He tells the Duke, 
 s that as it was a great Advantage to them, 
 c not to be obliged to fight againft the Boldell: 
 
 * and the Braveft of their Enemies, fo it was of 
 ' Importance to them, to know the Number 
 c of Enemies they had lefc -, and therefore he 
 5 defired to know from his Grace, what 
 
 * Troops and what Generals would obey his 
 ' Orders ; becaufe, the firft Attempt the Ene- 
 ' my made, he would not lofe one Momei^t 
 / to meet them : That the King had given 
 
 * him Liberty to fight, of which nothing but 
 
 * the Negotiations of Peace had hitherto de- 
 '/= prived him, and of which his Army was 
 
 ' eager to take the Advantage : But he be- 
 
 * lieved every thing would be concluded, if 
 c the Troops under his Grace's Command 
 f would follow his Orders. He defired, his 
 
 * Grace would not think it an indifcreet Cu- 
 rofity, that he begg'd feme Light might he 
 *, given him in this Affair.' 
 
 In the mean Time, Prince Eugene fent the 
 puke Word, by an; Aid de Camp, that he m- 
 
 tende4
 
 Duke of ORMONDE," 497 
 
 tended to march on the i6th. The next 
 Morning the Duke fent to let the Prince 
 know, he was furprized at his MefTagc, there 
 having not been the leaft previous Concert with 
 him, nor any Mention made, which Way, or 
 on whatDelign he was to march ; and therefore 
 he could not refolve to march with him ; much 
 lefs could the Prince expert any Affiflance 
 from the Queen's Army, in any Defign thus 
 undertaken : That he thought fit to acquaint 
 him of this beforehand, that he might take 
 his Meafures accordingly, and not attribute 
 to his Grace any Misfortune, which might 
 happen to him. The Duke likewife let him 
 know, that, when he march'd, he himfelf 
 fhonld be obliged to take the beft Care he 
 could for the Security of the Queen's Troops, 
 and to change his Camp, in order to it. 
 
 The fame Morning the Duke fent to Mon- 
 fieur Filters to acquaint him, * That, at pre- 
 fent, it was impoffible for him to refolve 
 his Queftion j but, the next Day, he believed 
 he could give him a fatisfaclory Aniwer : 
 That, as to the Sufpenfion, he only waited 
 for the Account from Dunkirk j but that 
 on his Side it had its Effecl. already, fince 
 he had told the Prince and the Deputies, 
 that, if they went upon any new Attempt, 
 he could give them no manner of Affiftance 
 from the Army of the Queen.' 
 At Noon Colonel Lloyd arrived from Dun- 
 kirk, with an Account that the Governor was 
 feady, in Obedience to the King's Orders, to- 
 
 con-
 
 498 ?2<* LIFE of tit 
 
 concert Meafures with the Officers fent thither 
 for that Purpofe, in order to evacuate the Place, 
 and receive her Majefty's Troops. The Colo- 
 nel brought a Letter at the fame Time from 
 Monfieur Villars, in which the Marcfchal tells 
 the Duke, ' That, fincc eve: y Thing was rea- 
 dy for the Surrender of Dunkirk^ the King 
 commanded him to declare a Sufpeniion of 
 Arms on the i8th, believing the Town 
 would be evacuated by that Time ; and, if 
 his Grace thought fit, lie might declare it on 
 the fame Day : That he had Advice Prince 
 Eugene was to march To-morrow ; and his 
 Grace would eaiily fee that, if the Attempt 
 was upon Landrecy> his Army would be in 
 the Marefchal's Way when he marched 
 towards that Place : He calls this a Conjunc- 
 ture bien Vive j and he thinks, he fays, the 
 Dutch Army very bold, if they mould dare 
 to dcfpife the Alliance and Kindnefs of the 
 Queen ; -an-J the Impcrialifts very ungrateful 
 for the great AfTiitauce and Advantages they 
 have had from England. He repeats again 
 his Defircs to kno\v, what Troops would ftay 
 with his Grace, though he had the Satif- 
 faftion to find that they were eafed of their 
 moit dangerous Enemies, fince the brave 
 Engtijh were no longer fo. 1 
 On the 1 6th, Prince Eugene, according to* 
 the Refolution he had taken, marched, and 
 all the Foreign Troops in the Queen's Pay, 
 except the Holftciners, and Walefs Dragoons, 
 marched with him. The Generals of thofe 
 
 Troop*
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 499 
 
 Troops came to take Leave of the Duke witb 
 
 treat Civility; expreffed much Concern for the 
 eparation, and hoped fome happy Conjunc- 
 ture would foon unite them again. The Duke 
 had not feen the Deputies for fome Time; 
 and the Prince had not been with him in a 
 Fortnight. The Auxiliaries, that joined the 
 Prince, were ported between the Englifo Horfc 
 and Foot ; which were now left at a greater 
 Diftance from each other; and under this ill Si- 
 tuation might, in a few Hours, have been fallen 
 upon with Succefs, had the Marefchal thought 
 fit to make ufe of the Advantage, which the 
 Prince's March put into his Hands. In the 
 mean Time the Prince's Army, even when 
 feparatcd from the Engli/h, was ftill numerous 
 enough to be under no Apprehenfions from 
 the French. 
 
 The Duke immediately fent an Account of 
 Prince Eugene's March, and of the Troops: 
 which went with him, to Monfieur Villars ; 
 telling him, ' That hitherto he had been in 
 Doubt, what Courfe the Generals of the Fo- 
 reign Troops would take; fince there was 
 Room to- believe, that fome of them had Or- 
 ders to ad' more conformably to the Stipula- 
 tions made with their Matters: That, to fhew 
 our Sincerity, he had made a Propofal to 
 take fome Battalions and Squadrons, which 
 were in the joint Pay, into the fole Pay of 
 the Queen : That he muit put him again in 
 Mind, that the Sufpenfion of Arms, on his 
 Side, had its Effect, by the Separation he had 
 
 * made
 
 500 The LIFE of tie 
 
 made of the Queen's Troops, with all the 
 Artillery from thofe of Prince Eugene, and by 
 his Declaration of not giving them any Af- 
 iiilance. Beiides which, the Payment of 
 the Foreign Troops was flopped, and confc- 
 quently all the Burthen of the War would 
 lie upon the Dutch, which they would not 
 long be able to fupport : That he mould 
 make a Movement the next Day, and 
 mould be ready to declare the Sufpenfion, at 
 the Time he had mentioned.' 
 Monficur Fillars returned an Anfwer to 
 this immediately, and defired to know of the 
 Duke, c What Way he defigned to march, 
 
 * and for that Reafon he would ilay another 
 c Day in his Camp : That he looked upon his 
 c Grace now, as no longer an Enemy ; and 
 c therefore that hie Grace might encamp, if he 
 
 * thought it proper, in any of the King's Ter- 
 ' ritories; the Dutch being in PofTeffion of 
 
 * moft of the Towns in Flanders, which 
 ' they never would have been, had the Gene- 
 c . rals, which preceded his Grace, had a greater 
 e Regard to the Interefts of their Queen and 
 ' Country. He added, that, in this critical 
 
 * Juncture,- he thought it would be highly ex- 
 4 pedient, that he might confer with his 
 
 * Grace and my Lord Strajj'ord, and propofed 
 an Interview between his Camp and Chateau 
 
 ' c Cambr efts' 
 
 The Duke received another Letter this 
 Day, much to the fame Purpofe; befides 
 which, the Marefchal acquaints him, * That 
 
 ' fince
 
 Duke of ORMONDE i 
 
 fince his Grace judged it proper , he would, 
 To-morrow, declare the Sufpenfion of 
 Arms through all his Army fuppofing 
 that his Grace would do the fame through 
 his : That he thought the Declaration by- 
 Sound of Trumpet would be fufficient, 
 without the Exchange of Instruments; how- 
 ever, if his Grace liked the latter Method 
 better, he was ready to comply with it.' 
 The Duke being willing to iofe no Time, 
 and judging it beft for the Security of his 
 Troops, marched on the i7th ; and the Rout, 
 he gave out he would take, was to Warneton, 
 on the Lys, where they might fubfift equally 
 on the Cbatellanies of Lifle and Tpres. While 
 the Army halted^ he, according to his In- 
 ftru&ions, ordered the CeiTation of Arms to be 
 declared; andj in the Evening, an Exprefs 
 brought an Account from the French Camp, 
 that the like was done there. 
 
 The fame Day he fent a Letter to the 
 Marefchal, to acquaint him, Of his Deiign 6f 
 * marching to fome Place between Lifle and 
 Tprvs, and of the great Satisfaction he 
 mould have in an Interview with him j but 
 that at prefent he thought it would make a 
 great deal of Noife, and give but too much 
 Colour to thofe, who had now none at all to 
 juilify their Conduct.' The Duke farther 
 informed him, of his fending Word to the 
 Foreign Generals, that he had declared a CefTa- 
 tion of Arms ; and that, if they would make 
 li any
 
 $02 T&zLIFE of tie 
 
 anyllfeof it, they had nothing to do, bat to re- 
 join him. 
 
 At Night the Duke gave an Account of all 
 thefe Proceedings to the Secretary, ' And de- 
 e fired to have the Queen's pofitive Orders, 
 ' how he was to difpofe of his fmall Body of 
 
 * Troops, and of the Artillery : Whether he 
 ' mould go towards Dunkirk, or Ghent ; if 
 
 * to the Former, what was to be done with 
 
 * the Artillery, Stores, &c. and with the 
 
 * Troops in the Latter, which were a Batta- 
 
 * lion in the Town, and five Hundred de- 
 c tached Men in the Citadel The Duke left 
 ' it to him to confider in what Manner we 
 f fhould be looked upon there, if any Misfor- 
 
 * tune fhould happen to the Allies after our 
 e Separating from them : And that he might 
 
 * judge of the Inclinations of the City of 
 ' Ghent, by the Grand Bailiffs fending to 
 ' Prince Eugene, to know, how he fhould 
 4 govern himfelf in this difficult Conjuncture, 
 
 * That he heard the like from other Places, 
 ' and fubmitted it to the Queen, whether it 
 
 * might not be proper to put fome more 
 c Troops into Dunkirk, fince it was the com- 
 
 * mon Report that no more than four Batta- 
 ' lions were fentfrom/2g7rfW. His Grace could 
 1 not but take Notice to the Secretary, that he 
 e Was much furprifed to find by his Difcourfe 
 ' with my Lord Str afford, that the Report of 
 e his having fhewn to Prince Eugene, and the 
 c Deputies, his Orders to undertake nothing, 
 c had gained Belief in England : That, if he 
 
 < pleafed
 
 Dule (/ORMONDE. 503 
 
 * pleafed to caft his Eye upon his Letters of 
 e the 28th and 29th of May, and 4th of 
 c June, he would fee the Whole of what his 
 c Grace had faid on that Occafionj and thertf- 
 ' fore hoped, he would do him the Juftice to 
 ' reprefent this in fuch a Manner to the 
 c Queen, that a Story fo groundlefs might 
 ' make no Impreffion on her Majefty, to 
 f whofe Commands he mould ever pay the 
 e exacteft Obedience. Another Thing the 
 
 * Duke could not but obferve to him, that the 
 ' Conduct of the Foreign Generals was ex- 
 ' adlly anfwerable to what he forefaw long 
 
 * before, as the Secretary might find, by fome 
 e of his former Letters j and he could aiTure 
 * . him, it was publickly talked of in the Camp, 
 
 * before he had intimated it to Monfieur Vil- 
 ' lars ; and, as he knew, the Marefchal had 
 ' too good Intelligence to be ignorant of it, 
 c he thought it moft agreeable to the Confi- 
 1 deuce recommended to them, not to con- 
 ' ceal from him what he muft have known 
 ' from other Hands/ 
 
 Upon the March our Army made the i8th, 
 my Lord Stratford, and fome of our Officers, 
 being deiirous to pafs through Bouc-hain, were 
 told at the Gates, that the Commandant had 
 pofitive Orders to let no Englifiman into 
 the Town ; and the Commandant, being 
 fent to, confirmed it, and denied them Ad- 
 mittance. When they came near Doway, the 
 fame Thing happened there, with a little more 
 Aggravation, though the Queen had large 
 Ii 2 ' Stores
 
 504 The LIFE of the 
 
 Stores and an Hofpital there ; nay, it was 
 with great Difficulty the Commandant could 
 be prevailed upon to let the Corpfe of Colonel 
 Uaro in to be buried. Upon this the Duke 
 (fince the Queen had left it to him to aft in 
 the prefent Circumftances, as he fhould think 
 it moft convenient, and mofl fafe) thought it 
 was Time to provide, as well for the Security 
 of the Troops he had with him, as of thofe 
 in the Town and Citadel of Ghent ^ where the 
 Englijh had likewife Artillery Stores; and 
 therefore he altered his Rout, and marched 
 towards that Place. 
 
 This gave fuch an Alarm to Prince Eu- 
 gene, and the Deputies, that they thought fit, 
 on the 1 9th, to fend Count Naffau to the 
 Duke, with a Memorial not figned, { To re- 
 prefent to him, in the moil convincing Man- 
 ner, that, after the Excufes made by the 
 Lord Albemarle^ the Day before, at Bou- 
 chain, they were extreamiy diilktified to 
 hear by the Public Report, that the Com- 
 mandant of Doivay had likewife refufed to 
 admit fome of the Englijh Officers, and to 
 let out the Undertakers for the Queen's 
 Magazines. That they were very much 
 mortified at the extraordinary Conduct of 
 thofe two Commandants ; and affured his 
 Grace, they had abfolutely no Orders for fo 
 doing, directly or indiredtly ; and that they 
 the Deputies not only difavowed their Pro- 
 ceedings, but would give them fuch a Repri- 
 mand, as they deferved : That they were af- 
 
 < fured,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 505 
 
 : fured, my Lord Duke was fatisfied with the 
 c Declaration made by the Lord Albemarle ; 
 1 but, however, as the World might be in- 
 1 clined to interpret thefe Accidents to their 
 c Difadvantage, the Deputies thought fit to 
 c renew their Proteftations by Count Naffau, 
 f that they were fo far from giving any Hia- 
 ' drance to the March of the Englijb Troops, 
 
 * that they have done, and always will do, all 
 c that lies in their Power to facilitate it, as 
 ' well as what regards the Subfiftance of thofe 
 
 * Forces : That therefore they aflure and 
 c promife his Grace, that there ihould be full 
 
 * Liberty given him to have his Bread from 
 ' thofe Towns where the Magazines were : 
 ' That, as foon as his Grace had marched, 
 
 * they fent Orders to all the Magiflrates of the 
 ' Chattellanies, to deliver out Forage in the 
 f Place where he mould encamp : That, as 
 ' foon as ever they heard of the Inconveni- 
 ' ency which had happened at Bouchain, they 
 ' gave Orders by the Lord Albemarle to all 
 ' the Places upon the Lys and Scheld, to pre- 
 ' vent the like for the future ; and, that after 
 c having heard of what pailed at Doway, they 
 
 * had fent Directions for the Magazines, 
 ' Baggages, &c. to have Liberty of follow- 
 
 * ing the Army : That all thefe are incon- 
 ' tellable Proofs, that they have omitted no- 
 4 thing which might be of any Affifhnce to 
 ' him : That they mould always continue in 
 
 * the fame Opinion j and they hoped, that 
 ' thoie Accidents would not be imputed to 
 
 J i 3 * them,
 
 506 The LIFE of the 
 
 them, which they had no Share in, but hap- 
 pened rather by Chance, and through the 
 Fault of the Commandants ; and that no ill 
 Interpretations fhould be fuffered to t)je made, 
 to exafperate the Spirits of both Nations, 
 which was the Thing in the World they la- 
 ~* boured to prevent. That, though his Grace 
 
 * had made no Complaint of this Matter, 
 c they would not lofe one Moment to repre- 
 
 * fent to him the Truth of it j and to prevent 
 f any Diflatisfaction it might create, before he 
 
 * had a true State of the Cafe/ 
 
 As foon as Count Najfau was gone, Count 
 Hompefchj Governor of Doivay, came, and af- 
 fured the Duke, that the Commandant of that 
 Place had no Orders from him to refufe our 
 Officers Admittance into the Town. He ex- 
 amined thofc Officers about the Circumflances 
 of the Fact : The Count marched the next 
 Day with us to Flerival, and had by that 
 Means an Opportunity to fee what we were 
 doing, and to frame fome Conjecture of our 
 future Deligns. 
 
 The Duke, notwithftanding all the Apolo- 
 gies and Excufes, which had been made to 
 him, could not believe the Commandants 
 would have dared to make fuch a Step, unlcfs 
 they had exprefs Orders for it. He was the 
 more perfuaded of this, becaufe, when the 
 Deputies firft heard of his Grace's Defign to 
 withdraw the Queen's Troops, they could not 
 forbear faying, that they hoped he did not intend 
 to march through any of their Towns ; and 
 
 there
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 507 
 
 there was little Room to doubt, whether thofe 
 Orders were general, fmce, after the preferring 
 this Memorial, the fame Difficulties happened 
 at Tournay, Audenard^ and Li/le, as had at 
 Bouchain and Doway. The Ufage Captain 
 Hart met with was very extraordinary, and 
 mufl not be omitted : He was fent Exprefs to 
 England^ the Duke, on the iyth. When he 
 came to Hafpre, the Imperialifts would not let 
 him through ; it was Night they told him, 
 and they could not examine him then : Upon 
 which he was forced to return, and fetout again 
 next Morning. At Courtray he took a Guide 
 to conduct him to Bruges j and, when he 
 thought he was at the Gates of that City, he 
 found himfelf at Pettegbem^ which was 
 eight Leagues out of the Way ; and the 
 Guide confeffed he had done this by his 
 Matter's Order. At Bruges, after he had 
 waited two Hours at the Gate, the Burgo- 
 mafter fent him Word he would not admit 
 him : At laft the Gate was opened, but the 
 Burgomafter took Care to trifle away- two or 
 three Hours, before the Captain could get any 
 Horfes. 
 
 The Duke's Defign was to pafs the Lys, and 
 poft himfelf before the Canal of Bruges : 
 A Letter, he had received the Day before from 
 the Secretary, renewed the Queen's Directions 
 to him, to act as he mould judge moft pro- 
 per ; and this feemed to be the mcft conve- 
 nient Situation for him, to receive and exe- 
 cute fuch further Orders a? her Majefly v/ould 
 I i 4 think
 
 508 The LIFE of the 
 
 think fit to give him, as well in regard to other 
 Points belonging to her Service, as to the City 
 of Bruges, where fomething had lately parTed, 
 very little confiftent with the Refpect they owed 
 to the Queen ; for fome of the Magiftrates 
 had applied to the .Council of State, and de- 
 lired they would put them in a Condition to 
 fecure themfelves againft their Enemies the 
 J$nglijh. The Council referred the Matter to 
 Prince Eugene, and he writ them a Letter on 
 the i ath from Hafpre, that he had already 
 been considering how he might put- a fuffi- 
 cient Garrifon into that Place. Some Depu- 
 ties from Ghent had been with the Council of 
 State upon the fame Errand, and they were 
 fent back, as well as thofe of Bruges, with 
 ftrict Orders to be upon their Guard. At 
 the fame Time the Duke was informed, that a 
 Battalion of Meba/, which were Swifs, had 
 lately been fent from Eoucbain to Ghent ; and 
 that the Dutch fo far refented the Conduct of 
 Meffieurs Earner and Walef, who marched 
 with him, trjat they turned them out of their 
 Pofts of Major-Generals, before the Duke left 
 the Camp. Colonel King brought him the 
 News, that the Queen's Troops were entirely 
 in PofTeflion of Dunkirk, and the Forts be- 
 longing to it, 
 
 On the 23d, the Duke went to Ghent, and 
 had all the Civilities paid him, which could be 
 sxpeded from the Magiftrates ; and on the 
 25th he encamped, with the Right, on the 
 Canal of Bruges, and the Left upon the Lys, 
 
 within
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 within half a League of Ghent j by which 
 he fecured to] himfelf that City, and was at 
 Hand to throw fome Troops into Bruges , 
 and to fend fuch a Reinforcement, as mould 
 be thought neceffary for Dunkirk. Brigadier 
 Sutton, who went to Bruges, fent the Duke an 
 Account, how well difpofed he found the 
 chief Magiftrates of that Town, to do any 
 Thing his Grace fhould defire, and that they 
 would make no Difficulty of allowing a free 
 PafTage to any of our Troops through the 
 Town, or receiving what Garrifon he fhould 
 think proper to fend them. 
 
 On the 26th, his Grace received by an Ex- 
 prefs from my Lord Bolingbroke y Secretary of 
 State, a Letter of the nth of July. My 
 Lord tells him, c That he is particularly di- 
 
 * recced by the Queen to begin his Difpatch, 
 
 * by acquainting his Grace, that no Service 
 
 * could be more agreeable to her, than that 
 
 * which he has done her, and his Country, in 
 c this nice Conjuncture of Affairs. That me 
 
 * thanks him for it, and that me will never 
 forget the exact Obedience which he had 
 paid to her Orders, nor the admirable Pa- 
 tience and Temper, which he had mewn in 
 fo uneafy a Situation. That the Anfwer, 
 his Grace had fent to Prince Eugene 
 on the i yth, was exactly as the Queen 
 would have wifh'd it, and her Majefty 
 
 c thought nothing could fet the unjuftinable 
 ( Proceedings of the Allies in a ftrongcr Light. 
 I That it had been Matter of the utm oft Con-
 
 510 tte LIFE of the 
 
 c cern to the Queen, to obferve the Imperia- 
 
 ' alifts and the States refolved upon fuch Extre- 
 
 * mities. She had long courted them to come 
 c into more reafonable Meafures; and there 
 
 * was no Room to doubt, but they might, by 
 c reviving the Conferences at Utrecht, and 
 c confenting to a Ce'fTation, whilft )&> was 
 c in our Hands, obtain for the whole Confe- 
 
 * deracy ample Satisfaction in all their Pre- 
 c tenfions. But fmce their Fate hung upon 
 ' them, and they would venture all to force 
 c the Queen, rather than fecure all by com- 
 c plying with her, let the Confequences be 
 c what they . will, the Blame could never be 
 
 * lain upon her. Her Majefty would fupport 
 
 * what me had undertaken, and he prays God 
 
 * they do not find Reafon to repent their rafh 
 c Counfels and inflexible Obftinacy. That the 
 c Queen had confidered what his Grace had 
 e propofed concerning the Retreat, which he 
 c mould make with the fmall Body of Troops, 
 ' now remaining under his Command ; and 
 ' me thought it for many Reafon s mofl 
 advifeable, that his Grace mould march to 
 ' Dunkirk, unlefs fome Objection unforefecn 
 
 * in England might arife. There his Grace 
 
 * might continue for fome Time ; and, as foon 
 as they had Notice of his bending that Way, 
 
 < Meafures would be taken for fupporting him 
 
 < 'there, and forfupplying whatever the Troops 
 ' might have Occafion for. The prefent Gar- 
 c rifon in the Town, Citadel, and Fort of 
 f Dunkirk 3 was certainly too weak j and, be- 
 
 l fides,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 511 
 
 c fides, they mould have Occafion to with- 
 "* draw the Marines, who made near a Third 
 ' Part of the Number of Men who went with 
 
 * Mr. Hill. It was likewife neceflary the 
 
 * Queen mould have at that Place an Artillery 
 
 * of her own, with Stores, Gunners, $V. Thele 
 
 * Ends would be all much better, much foon- 
 ' er, and much cheaper anfwered by his 
 f Grace's removing to Dunkirk, than any o- 
 
 * ther Way j and therefore he would pleafe 
 
 * to lofe no Time in putting this in Execu- 
 ' c cution, unlefs, as we faid above, fome Ob- 
 
 ' jeclion appeared to his Grace, which they 
 
 * were not apprized of. A Detachment of 
 
 * the Queen's Forces being ftill in Ghent, to-* 
 ' gether with a Quantity of Stores, her Ma- 
 
 * jetty would have his Grace withdraw both 
 
 * the one and the other from thence ; and he 
 ' would pleafe to fecure in the firil Place 
 f that Point. Her Majefty did not perceive 
 ' any great Difficulty at prefent in it : Time 
 
 * might, perhaps, produce fome, and in our 
 
 * Circumftances as little as poffible mould be 
 
 * left to Hazard. His Grace, at the fame 
 
 * Time he refolved to march to Dunkirk, was 
 ' to communicate his Defign to Monfieur Vil- 
 1 lars, to concert with him whatever might 
 ' be necefTary, cither for the Eafe of the 
 ' Country, or in other Refpe&s ; and to pro- 
 ' mife him, in her Majefty's Name, full Satif- 
 
 * faction for whatever the Queen's Forces 
 f mould take of the Subjedb of France. In his 
 
 * [the Secretary's] Difpatch to Monfieur Tern-, 
 
 < this
 
 512 The LIFE of the 
 
 this Particular would be mentioned. His 
 Grace need be under no Sort of Concern a- 
 bout the foolifh Lye which the Dutch 
 broached, and which the EmifTaries Abroad, 
 and their Allies, thus affected to difperfe. 
 The Queen commanded him to fay, fhe 
 never depended upon any Accounts of his 
 Grace's Conduct, but his own ; and that 
 me delired he would be perfuaded, this 
 Story gain'd no Belief with her. That Care 
 would be taken to anfwer all fuch Pay, as 
 he mould have been pleafed to order j and 
 her Majeily would have his Grace take No- 
 tice to Walej\ how well fatisfied ihe was 
 with his Behaviour, and affure him, in all 
 Events, of her Protection.' 
 This Morning an Account came from Bruf- 
 fels of the entire Defeat of that Body of Troops, 
 commanded by the Lord Albemarle at l}e- 
 nain. 
 
 Thefe Circumftances and the difcretionary 
 Power, which the Queen was pleafed to en- 
 truil the Duke with, made him defer the 
 Proceeding any further, in the Execution of 
 herMajefly's laft Orders, till he fhould know, 
 whether they thought fit to take any new Re- 
 folutions thereupon ; and he was of Opinion, 
 there were poffibly fome Points which might 
 deferveto be confider'd. That, if we had en- 
 tirely evacuated Ghent, there were then two 
 Dutch Battailions there, which, 'tis natural to 
 believe, would have immediately porTeffed 
 th^rnielves both of the Town and Citadel ; 
 
 and
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 513 
 
 and the Duke doubted, whether this was a- 
 greeable to her Majefty's Intentions. If the 
 Queen reiblved to keep a Footing in this Coun- 
 try, his Opinion was, that, when a compe- 
 tent Number of Battalions was lent to Dun- 
 kirk, four might be put into Bruges, and the 
 reft into Ghent, in both which Places, there 
 would be fome Artillery, and the Horfe might 
 be pofted behind the Canal of Bruges. 
 
 The next Day a Trumpet came from Mon- 
 fieur Pillars ; the Marefchal in his Letter tells 
 the Duke, ' That the Enemy had bsen made 
 feniible, that the Departure of the brave 
 Englijh was not at all happy for them, 
 fince the Queen's Troops no fooner left the 
 Allies, than the Misfortune happen'd to 
 them, which his Grace would read in the 
 Enclofed, containing a particular Account 
 of the Defeat of -the Lord Albemarle's 
 Troops, and of his being taken Prifoner at 
 Denain.' 
 
 The Lord Albemarle himfelf wrote to the 
 Duke on this Occafion, July the 29th, de- 
 firing his Grace's good Offices, that, by the 
 Means of them, he might be excufed from, 
 being carried into France^ and might either 
 be exchanged for one of the French Generals 
 in England, or permitted to go with his Fami- 
 ly to Vorft, or Aix la Cbapeile. 
 
 The Duke wrote the next Day toMonfieur 
 Villars, and recommended the Lord Albe- 
 marle to him, and again in his Letter of the 
 4th ; wherein alfo he thanks him, for the Or- 
 ders
 
 514 3%* LIFE of the 
 
 ders he had fcnt to the French Intenotants, to 
 facilitate the March of our Troops to Dunkirk. 
 Count d'Urfel had been at Ghent, to wait 
 upon the Duke from the Council of State, and, 
 by Virtue of his Commiflion, follicited the 
 Sparing of the Country, as much as might be. 
 The Duke tho' he was perfuaded, that it 
 would be as agreeable to the Queen's In~ 
 clinations , as to his own, to make the 
 Burden as light as poffible, to a People, who, 
 had, of late, fuffered fo much; yet thought it 
 a Piece of Juftice due to her Majefty's Troops, 
 when the Country propofed to deliver the Fo- 
 rage, to infift on the fame Quantity, propor- 
 tionable to the Number of Troops, as was 
 furnimed in the late King's Time, when 
 Prince Vaudemont commanded, efpecially fince 
 this Charge would foon diminim, by his fend- 
 ing fix Battalions to Dunkirk^ and four or five 
 to Bruges. 
 
 The next Day a MefTenger arrived from the 
 Lord Bolingbroke ; in this Letter of July the 
 1 8th, his Lordfhip informed the Duke, * That, 
 by her Majefty's Command, he had expref- 
 fed to him, as well as he could, in his 
 Letter of the nth, her entire Approbation 
 of his Grace's ' Conduct, in every thing he 
 had done : He was now directed to acquaint 
 him, that me was equally fatisfied with the 
 Meafures he had fince taken, and to repeat her 
 Thanks to him, inTerms fuitable to the Service 
 he had performed ; but they would be fuch, 
 as he confefled, he was at a Lofs to find. He 
 was particularly commanded to fay, that, 
 
 ( tho'
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 
 
 tho' the Orders, which he tranfmitted to 
 his Grace in his laft, did appear to her Ma- 
 jefty, at that Time, to be the moft proper 
 that could be given him ; the Methods, he 
 had purfued, were fo rightly judged, and 
 fo well adapted to the prefent Conjuncture of 
 AffairSjthat they had anfwered,in every Point, 
 what me would have wifh'd. He was fur- 
 ther to fay, that the was unwilling to reflrain 
 his Grace, by particular and positive Inftruc- 
 tions, who made Ufe of the difcretionary 
 Power given him, fo much to her Honour, 
 and the Good of her Service. The News of 
 Dunkirk's being in our Hands could not 
 have been followed by any more agreeable, 
 than that of his Grace's having directed his 
 March towards Ghent : As, by die Poffeilion 
 of the former Place, we ihould treat with 
 the Fre?2ch, under great Advantage, fo by 
 the Steps, which he had taken for fecuring 
 the latter, the Dutch and Imperialifts would 
 be brought to a more decent Way of Beha- 
 viour to the Queen, than they had hitherto 
 been in. Her Majefty recommended to his 
 Grace, in general, the Securing to himfdf 
 the Poffcmon of Ghent, as long as might t>e 
 thought neceflary; as alfo the re-inforcing 
 the Garrifon of Dunkirk, and the furnifhing 
 that Place with what Stores he might have 
 to fpare, and which the Garrifon might be 
 in Want of. The Secretary likewiie ac- 
 quainted his Grace, of a Letter the Marquis 
 of Torcy had difpatch'd to him, upon rc- 
 
 * ctiviiig
 
 i6 1%e LIFE of the 
 
 ceiving the News of the Earl of Albemark's 
 Defeat at Denain : In which the French 
 Minifter took Notice of the Advantage, 
 which her Majefty had at this Time over 
 the Dutch ; and inlinuated, that me might 
 give the Law to thofe People, provided (he 
 made the right Ufe of Ghent and Bruges, 
 which his Grace was in Poffeflion of.' The 
 Secretary's Anfwer to that Part of the Mar- 
 quis's Letter, by her Majefty's Command, was 
 no more this : * That the Queen would take 
 all the Meafures, that were confident with 
 Juftice and with Honour, to overcome the 
 Obftinacy of her Allies, and to oblige them 
 to confent to a general Peace ; and that al- 
 ready he had Written to his Grace to be upon 
 his Guard, andtofecure the Pofleffion of the 
 Pofts, he was now Mafter of. His Grace 
 would eafily perceive the Drift of Monfieur 
 Torcy's Propofition, and the Meaning of his 
 Anfwer. It was the Intereft of the French, 
 and there were, perhaps, fome of her Ma- 
 jefty's Subjects fo unhappy as to think it theirs 
 too, that the Queen mould join her Forces 
 with thofe of France, and in that Manner 
 give the Law to the Confederates ; but her 
 Majefty's Conduct would continue, to the 
 laft, what it had been from the firft, equal- 
 ly juft, and equally firm, to all Parties, 
 towards Friends as well as Enemies. She 
 could not think of co-operating with the 
 Latter, to diftrefs the Former, how great 
 foever the Provocation fhe had received from 
 
 ' thefe
 
 Duke <?/" ORMONDE. 517 
 
 c thefe might have been ; and me was 
 e willing to hope, that, at laft, they would 
 ' fee their Error, and concur with her Maje- 
 4 fly, from whom they could never feparate, 
 ' but to their own Difad vantage.' 
 
 The Duke returned an Anfwer to the Secre- 
 tary on the 4th, and allured him, * That 
 ' nothing could be more acceptable to him, 
 c than the Account his Lordmip gave him 
 ' of the Queen's Approbation of his paft Con- 
 
 * duel j future Obedience was the befl Return 
 f he could make, which mould be conftantly 
 ' paid to her Majefty's Commands, with all 
 
 * Exadtnefs in his Power. He acquainted his 
 
 * Lordmip of the fix Battalions, he had or- 
 
 * dered for Mr. Hill, with the Artillery moft 
 ' proper for his Ufe, and Stores proporriona- 
 
 * able, which were to begin their March the 
 f next Morning ; and that this Day he had 
 ( fent Brigadier Sttffon, with four Battalions to 
 ' Bruges-, which laft Affair he had not concerted 
 
 * with the Council of State, not thinking fuch 
 ' a Step confident with the Queen's Honour, 
 
 * confidering the Ufage we had of late met 
 c with in this Country. Thefe ten Battalions 
 ' being thus difpofed of, the Duke did not 
 ' conceive it would be for her Majefty's Ser- 
 f vice, that he mould keep the Field any lon- 
 ' ger, with the fmall Corps that would re- 
 ' main ; fo that he intended to go, with the 
 ' Reft of the Foot, into Ghent, and to poft 
 
 * the Horfe on the other Side of the Canal. 
 ' He returned his Thanks to his Lordfhip, for 
 
 K k ' what
 
 518 The LIFE of the 
 
 what he had communicated to him of Mon- 
 fieur Corey's Letter ; Monfieur Villain, he 
 faid, had writ to him much in the fame 
 Strain : His Lordmip's Anfwer was agree- 
 able to the Jnftice and Honour, which had 
 hitherto been the Rules, by which the Queen 
 had proceeded, and, when rightly under- 
 ftood, might poffibly prove a more power- 
 ful Argument, than any which had been 
 ufed, to induce the Confederates to concur 
 with her Majefty, in the Meafures me was 
 taking for their Good.' 
 The next Day, the Duke received another 
 Letter from his Lordmip of 'July the 2ad, to- 
 tell him, ' That the Situation he was now in 
 
 * anfwered in every Refpect her Majefty's* 
 
 * Views. The keeping his Hold of Ghent and 
 s Bruges, at the fame Time that it fecures the 
 s Queen's Troops from any Infult, and her 
 c Stores from Embezzlement, would have a 
 c due Effect on the Conduct of her Allies j and 
 c the Communication, which he prelerved 
 1 with Dunkirk, would enable him to put 
 c that Garrifon into a Condition of fearing no 
 : Difbrder from within,, or Attempt from 
 
 ; without. His Grace might therefore be af- 
 
 : fured, that the Queen had no Thought of 
 
 : his purfuing Orders, which were given on a 
 
 1 Suppofition, that he might have no Party 
 
 left to take, but that of retiring towards the 
 
 Sea. His Conduct had improv'd her Views ; 
 
 and her Majefty thought of nothing elfe now, 
 
 but fecuring Ghent 9 Bruges, and Dunkirk^ 
 
 * which
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 519 
 
 which his Grace would pleafc to do in the 
 beft Manner, which his Strength, and the 
 Circumflances he was in, would allow of. 
 His Lordfhip adds, that he might depend 
 upon it, that the Encouragement he gave to 
 the Holfteiners, and to Walef's Dragoons, 
 mould be made good to them.' 
 The fame Day Mr. Button, with the four 
 Battalions, was received into Bruges, to the 
 great Satisfaction of the Inhabitants, who were 
 in Hopes that the Queen's Protection would 
 preferve them from another Yoke they ap- 
 prehended, and deliver them from the Op- 
 preffion they had lain under, for fome Years 
 paft, by their giving Winter Quarters to the 
 Danes. 
 
 On the 1 7th, a Trumpet came from Mon- 
 iieur Villars ; the Occafion of fending him 
 was, the Marefchal faid, that he found, by 
 the . Difcourfe of the principal Officers, who 
 had been taken Prifoners in the laft Action, 
 That in Holland they talk'd in a very fan- 
 guine Manner, of a Revolution ready to hap- 
 pen in England, by a defign'd Attcntat : 
 That the Animofity among the Confederates 
 was as great againft England, as againft 
 France, and that he thought himfelf oblig'd 
 to fend this Advice, however general, or 
 of how little Confequence foever it might be. 
 In a Letter afterwards, of September the i2th, 
 the Marefchal repeated the fame Intelligence, 
 adding that Mr. Hompefi, one of the beft 
 reputed Generals, among the Allies, had 
 K k 2 ' faid
 
 520 The LIFE of tie 
 
 ' faid that, in Holland, they look upon this Re- 
 
 * volution as certain.' And the Marefchal 
 was pleafed further to fay, tho' without letting 
 the Duke into the Grounds of his Opinion, 
 
 * That there was no good Frenchman but ought 
 ' to dread it.' 
 
 Tho' the Duke thought, the Subject of thefe 
 Letters did not require any great Attention, 
 being rather a Strain of fallacious Reafoning, 
 by which our Neighbours ha'd lately been mif- 
 led, than agreeable to the leaf! Appearance, 
 either of Truth or Probability j yet, to mew, 
 he neglected nothing, which could poffibly 
 be for her Majefty'slntereft, he fent a Copy of 
 them byaMeffengerto the Secretary. TheDuke 
 enclofed an Account, in what Manner he had 
 expostulated with Monfieur Bulou, upon cer- 
 tain Information he had, that feveral Deferters 
 from the Queen's Service were entertain'd a- 
 mong the Troops of that General ; and he 
 .hoped her Majefly would be pleafed to ap- 
 prove of what he had writ. As to what pafs'd 
 in the Confederate Camp, the Duke could 
 give the Secretary no Light into it, there be- 
 ing then no Correfpondence between his Grace 
 and the Foreign Generals, and Prince Eugene 
 having thought fit exprefsly to forbid the Di- 
 rector of the Potts fending his Grace the leail 
 Intelligence of what pafs'd in his Army. 
 
 TheDuke's Conduct, in porTefling himfelf of 
 Ghent and Bruges, was fo agreeable to her 
 Maiefty, and thought to be fo important a
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 521 
 
 Service, that he received a Compliment upon 
 it, from the Lord Treafurer, in thefe Words: 
 
 My Lord, /*ugujl 5th, 1712. 
 
 1VT O Pen, nor Tongue, is able to ex- 
 X^j prefs the great Pleafure I took, in 
 your Grace's Succeffes ; it was a v^ry great 
 Satisfaction to fee fo much done for the 
 Public ; to fee fuch an Example of fteady 
 Conduct, in fo great a Nobleman, and fo 
 courageous a Heart, is what has made you 
 envied by fome, dreaded by your Enemies, 
 and applauded by all Men of Learning and 
 Under/binding. Your Grace's March to 
 Ghent ; , 6cc. is a Coup de Maitre, it is own'd 
 to be fo in France and Holland; and I muft 
 own I take a double Pleafure in it, becaufe 
 it is done by the Duke of Ormonde to whofe 
 PerfonI have fuch an entire Friendfhip, and in 
 whofe Succefs I take fo particular an Intereft. 
 Monfieur Terry wrote a veryjuft Compliment 
 on the Affair of Denain, that the Allies might 
 now fee, what they had loft "by her Maje- 
 fty's withdrawing her Forces, and what 
 Value they ought toput upon a Nation, which 
 everywhere led Victory with it. I am, with 
 the utmoft Refpect and Attachment, &c.' 
 
 Oxford. 
 
 The 3d of September, the Duke received a 
 Letter from my Lord Bolingbroke, dated An- 
 (ft the 3 1 ft, at Dunkirk, to this Effect : 
 That the perpetual and inconceivable Hurrv 
 K k 3 * and
 
 522 Tie LIFE of the 
 
 andCeremony, which he had beeninthethree 
 Weeks paft, rnufl excufe him, if he had 
 not paid his Duty to his Grace, as he ought 
 to have done : That he took it for granted, 
 his Grace had received from Whitehall an 
 Account of the Sufpenfion of Arms by Sea 
 and Land, which he concluded at Fount ain- 
 MeaUy and her Majefty's Orders thereupon. 
 He had only to add, that he hop'd a Peace 
 would intervene before the Expiration of 
 four Months : That the Place, he wrote from, 
 we were perfectly Mailers of; and it was 
 for many Reafons abfolutely neceffary, 
 that we fhould continue fo of Ghent and 
 Bruges. He afk'd Pardon for faying fo 
 much to his Grace, who could not but fee, 
 better than he did, the Confequence of his 
 
 * own ^.cquilition.' 
 
 On the yth, the Duke acquainted the Lord 
 Bolingbroke by Exprefs, c That he needed no 
 
 * other Argument, to induce him to do all 
 ' that lay in his Power, towards the keeping 
 ' Ghent and Bruges, after knowing it was her 
 < Majefty's Pleafure, and for her Intereft he 
 fhould do fo.' At the fame Time he gave 
 his Lord (hip an Account, of a Converfation 
 he had, on the yth, with Monfieur Vegelin^ 
 who was fent by his Collegues, the States 
 Deputies, to found his Grace upon feveral 
 Points, relating to thofe Places. He afk'd 
 firft, Whe .her the Englijh Troops were to flay 
 at Ghent and Bruges the Winter, or how long? 
 To which the Duke anfwer'd, h6 could not 
 
 tell,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 523 
 
 tell, but faw no Appearance of their being 
 withdrawn' as yet. He alfo afk'd, Whether 
 the Duke would confent to the States putting 
 fome of their Troops into Ghent, to take Care 
 of their Convoys, and efcort them to their 
 frontier Garrifons ? In Anfwer to which, the 
 Duke told him, he thought himfelf not obliged 
 to fuffer any Troops, but thofe of the Queen, 
 to come into that Town: However, he ha3 no 
 Intention, by taking or keeping PofTeflion of 
 that Place, to obftrucl their Convoys ; the 
 Dutch Troops might ftill come to the Coun- 
 terfcarp of the Town, and receive whatever 
 was to be carried to the Camp, as had been 
 practifed ever fmce Ghent was in our Hands. 
 The Deputies next Queftion was, Whether 
 the Duke would let Part of the Dant/JbTroops 
 take their Winter Quarters in Bruges, as they 
 they had done ever fmce the Reduction of 
 that Place' ? To which the Duke anfwered, 
 he could not admit of any Troops whatever, 
 betides thofe of the Queen, either into Ghent or 
 Bruges, till he had her Majefty's Orders for it. 
 He then afk'd if the Duke did not think of 
 providing Winter Forage for the Troops, and 
 taking that Charge off the Country-? The 
 Duke told him, he would take Care theQueen's 
 Troops fliould not want Forage, and that due 
 Regard mould be had to the Prefcrvation and 
 Good of the Country ; which might in fome 
 Meafure appear, by the Regulation of Forage 
 furnifli'd at prefent to the Engtitb Troops, 
 which was conliderably lefs-in Proportion, 
 K k A than
 
 524 72* LIFE of the 
 
 than it was the laft War, when Prince Vaude- 
 mont had thirty- five thoufand Men, in this 
 Neighbourhood, and the French were poffefled 
 of a good Part of the Country, which now 
 contributed : And the firft Charge had been 
 greatly lefTen'd, by the Regiments fent to 
 Dunkirk^ and the Difcharge of all the Artillery 
 Horfes, and all the Bread Waggons except 
 thirty. , 
 
 This was the Subject of the Converfation, 
 the Duke had with Monfieur Vegelin^ and 
 which he thought fit to tranfmit to the Secre- 
 tary : c Adding, if it mould give the Queen an 
 4 Occafion of lending any new Orders, he was 
 ' ready to execute them with the fame Ex- 
 c actnefs, which he had hitherto paid to all 
 
 * her Majefty's Commands. What he had 
 c more to add was, to renew his Defire of 
 c knowing the Queen's Pleafure, upon what 
 
 * he had formerly writ to his Lordfhip, about 
 
 * making Provifion for Winter Forage, it be- 
 ' ing now high Time to concert with the 
 ' Undertakers: And, when her Majefty 
 c would be pleafed to order the Troops to 
 
 * come into the Garrifon, the Duke humbly 
 ' ofFer'd his Opinion, that the five Regiments 
 1 of Dragoons might be fent to Bruges, and 
 ' all the Horfe with the Remainder of the 
 
 * Foot put into Ghent.' 
 
 My Lord Bolingbroke, in his Letter of Sep- 
 tember the yth, acquaints the Duke, * That 
 ' he had lain thefe things before the Queen, 
 
 * who thought the Anfwers his Grace gave 
 
 4 tp
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 c to Mr. Vegdin's Qneftions were very proper 
 c and that the Deputy might have faved him- 
 ' felf the Trouble of undertaking a Journey, on 
 4 purpofe to alk them. Her Majefty he faid 
 
 * made no doubt of his Grace's keeping Pof- 
 
 * feffion of Ghent and Bruges, and directed him 
 
 * upon this Occafion to repeat her Commands 
 ' to his Grace, that he mould fufFer noTroops, 
 
 * but her own, to be admitted into either of 
 thofe Places, until further Order. The 
 c Queen had received fo much ill b T fage, with 
 ' Reipect to the Commerce of her Subjects. 
 ' in the Netherlands, and had fo much Rea~ 
 4 fon to expect more of the fame Kind, that 
 ' me was refolved to treat upon that Head, 
 
 * with thofe Pawns in her Hand. He under- 
 
 * flood the Queen's Pleafure to be, that his 
 1 Grace fhould make the Repartition of Win- 
 
 * ter Quarters in the Manner he propofed ; 
 
 * that the Officers mould not be any longer 
 ' obliged to keep their Field Equipages, and 
 
 * that the Contract for the Proviiion of Win- 
 
 * ter Forage mould be made, as foon as polfi- 
 < ble.' 
 
 Jn a fecond Letter of the fame Date, he 
 acquaints the Duke, * That the politive Order, 
 ' contain 'd in the firft, was not fent to pre- 
 
 * vent the Admiffion of other Troops, belides 
 
 * her Majefty's, into Ghent and Bruges : The 
 ' Queen was enough fatisfied, that his^Graoc 
 ' would take effectual Care to preferve thole 
 
 * cautionary Places, which could alone fecure 
 ' to her any considerable Conditions, with 
 
 * Re-
 
 526 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 * Refpedt to the Netherlands, in the Terms of 
 c Peace : But he confefs'd he thought it could 
 
 * be no ways unnecefTary to give his Grace 
 
 * a very pofitive and clear Order, in an Af- 
 c fajr, which might perhaps make a great deal 
 ( ofNoife. The Queen likewife commanded 
 ' him, to let his Grace know, that, tho' the 
 ' Body of Troops at prefent with him, and 
 
 * the Employment of them, mould not natu- 
 
 * rally require one of his Rank, yet, me judged 
 
 * it for her Service, in the prefent Conjuncture 
 of Affairs, that he continued fome time lon- 
 
 * ger where he now was. When the Campaign 
 c clofed, and the Conferences open'd at Utrecht, 
 ' as to the Difpofition of the Spani/h Nether- 
 
 * lands, his Name and Figure in Ghent would 
 c be neceflary. Her Majefty thought the 
 ' Place the Duke was in not very agreeable 
 ' to him 3 but, after fo many Proofs of his 
 ' Graces preferring her Service to every other 
 c Confideration, {he made no Doubt of his 
 
 * remaining with Pleafure, in the fame Situa- 
 c tion, till he received Orders to come over; 
 c before which Time it would be proper to 
 think of the Perfon, that was to command, 
 ' during his Grace's Abfence.' 
 
 A few Days after, came another Letter of 
 September i7th, from the Secretary, fignifying, 
 That the Queen approved very well of the 
 Anfwer, which his Grace gave to Monfieur 
 Villars, concerning the Intelligence the Ma- 
 refchal had fent; and, tho' fhe did with 
 great Reafon defpife fuch impertinent Dif- 
 
 ( courfe,
 
 Duie of ORMONDE. 527 
 
 courfe, yet {he thought it right, that thofe, 
 who talk'd at that Rate, mould be made fen- 
 fible, that her Majefty was not ignorant 
 of it -, and believed my Lord Strafford would 
 take an Opportunity of dropping fomething 
 of that Kind : That the Earl of Orrery was 
 preparing to go to Bruffels, who no doubt 
 would find great Facility in the Matters of 
 Commerce (which her Majefty would com* 
 mit to his Care) from the Pledges, which 
 his Grace, by his prudent Conduct, had got 
 into his Hands/ 
 
 The Duke had been inform'd by a Perfon 
 very well inclin'd to the Queen's Service of a 
 Delign, which the Dutch, from the Sticcefs 
 of their Enterprize upon Knocque^ had been 
 encouraged to form for furprizing Newport or 
 Fumes, and that the fortifying Dixmude was 
 made ufe of, as a Pretence for drawing toge- 
 ther a Body of Troops, fufficient to put the 
 Deiign in Execution. The Duke knew not, 
 but her Majefty might think it for her Ser- 
 vice, 'that the Defign mould not fucceed, fince, 
 if the Dutch were not fuffer'd to take Poflef- 
 fion of thofe Garrifons, the Queen would not 
 only have a greater Influence towards fettling 
 the Commerce of the Netherlands on a good 
 Foot, but would be able to fecure, what was 
 of the higheft Confequence, at that Time, a 
 free Communication between her Troops 
 which were in Ghent, Bruges, and Dunkirk. 
 He therefore, October 21 ft, acquainted the Se- 
 pretary \yith this Affair, and left it to his 
 ' Lord-
 
 S 28 The LIFE of tie 
 
 Lordfhip, to judge of the Importance of it, 
 and the Ufe that was to be made of it j but, if 
 the Queen thought it moil for her Service to 
 prevent it, he was humbly of Opinion, fome 
 Means mould be found out to give Advice of 
 it to the Marefchal de Villars, who might pof- 
 fibly think, we ow'd him that good Office, 
 in Requital of fome Informations, his Lordfhip 
 knew, had been fent by the Marefchal, with 
 a Defign to ferve her Majefty and the Na- 
 tion. 
 
 The Duke, during his Stay in Ghent , made 
 many Regulations in Regard to the Army: 
 Among others that concerning the Bread was 
 not of the leaft Importance. The Contract 
 of Bread the laft Year having been made at 
 five Stivers fi ve Eighths per Loaf, and this Year 
 brought down to four Stivers three Eighths ; 
 his Grace thought it a Piece of Juftice due to 
 the poor Soldiers, to order the Surplus of what 
 was deducted from them, upon mat Account, 
 to be rerurn'd to them. The weekly Deduc- 
 tion made from the Men is ten Stivers for each 
 Man j fo that in a Month, forty Stivers be- 
 ing deducted, and the Bread amounting to but 
 thirty Stivers five Eighths, there would remain 
 due, to every Soldier, nine Stivers three 
 Eighths. If the Computation be made for the 
 Englifh Forces only, which ferv'd in Flanders, 
 and the two and twenty Battalions reckon'd 
 at five hundred and fifty Men each, the whole 
 Sum to be return'd to the Men, in a Month's 
 
 Time,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 529 
 
 Time, would be fix thoufand, two hundred, 
 thirty one Guilders] five Stivers. 
 
 The Campaign being ended, and both the 
 French and Confederate Armies going no\y 
 into Winter Quarters, the Duke thought, that 
 his Stay in this Country was no longer neceflary 
 for her Majefty's Service, and therefore made 
 it his Requeft to the Queen, that he might 
 have Leave to return to England. Accordingly 
 foon after, Oftober 21, O. S. My Lord Bo- 
 lingbroke fent him Word, that the Queen al- 
 lowed of his coming Home, as foon as he 
 fhould think fit : The Armies being feparated, 
 her Majefly fuppofed, there could be no Dan- 
 ger of any Surprize, either at Ghent or Bruges: 
 But, as it was impoflible to be too cautious in 
 Times of fuch Diforder, his Grace would 
 pleale to recommend, in the flriclefl Manner, 
 to the Officer who was left in the Command, 
 that he fhould be extremely vigilant, and con- 
 ilantly on his Guard. My Lord adds, that 
 her Majefly was much of the Duke's Opinion, 
 concerning the Ufe to be made of the Intelli- 
 gence, mention'd in his Grace's Letter of Gtio- 
 ber 2 1 ft, and that he had received the fame 
 Account by another Hand. 
 
 Soon after the Receipt of this Letter, the 
 Duke fet forward for England, and landed 
 there November ift; on the 4th, waited on 
 the Queen ztWindfor, and met with a moft 
 gracious Reception. 
 
 }
 
 530 72* LIFE of the 
 
 I {hall make but very fhort and few Obfer- 
 vations, on the Situation of Great Britain, 
 with Regard to the War, which may (how, 
 under what Circumftances, and hard Conditi- 
 on;, the Englifo had, for fomeTime, carried it 
 on, in Conjunction with theirAllies, and, with- 
 out offering my own Opinion, leave it to the 
 Judgment of my Readers, whether the Minifters 
 acted as Friends or Enemies to their Country. 
 The real Annual Expence of this Kingdom 
 amounted to more than feven Millions, where- 
 as it is certain, that we were not in a Condition 
 effectually to raife near fix Millions in the 
 Courfe of a Year : From hence it follows, 
 that, if this Proportion had been continued, a- 
 bout nine Millions would have been the Charge 
 of a fecond Year, and about thirteen Millions 
 that of a Third. While in the Interim the 
 Houfe of Auflria contributed but one Regi- 
 ment to the War of Spain, little to that of 
 Italy \ had but few Forces, and thofe entirely 
 inactive, on the RJrine, and fent none into 
 the Netherlands, except fuch as thofe harrafs'd 
 Provinces were oblig'd to maintain, and were 
 thereby render 'd unable to furnim Troops, or 
 make the necefTary Provifions for the Operati- 
 ons of the Army ; both which they might o- 
 therwife have done, and both which they 
 did in an eminent Degree, while they were 
 under the Government of the prefent King of 
 Spain. 
 
 The
 
 Duke <?/* ORMONDE. 531 
 
 The States-General bore a confiderable Bur- 
 den; but as they had, from the Year 1708, 
 fent no Supplies of any Kind, either to Portu- 
 gal or to Catalonia, and had drawn them- 
 ielves almoft entirely out of the Spani/h War ; 
 as they furnifhed, in no Proportion, their Quo- 
 ta for the Sea Service ; as they had reduced 
 their joint Contributions with the Queen, in 
 all Payments, to one Third of the Whole; and 
 as they were very backward in anfwering even 
 this Share of Expence, fo the Load of Great 
 Britain came, upon their Account, as well 
 as upon the Emperor's, to be vaftly encreas'd. 
 As to the reft of the Allies, all the Troops, 
 which they furnifh'd, were maintain'd by 
 the Queen, and the States, except a few, and 
 thofe almoft employed in covering their own 
 Frontiers. 
 
 In this Situation of Affairs, her Majefty de- 
 clar'd to the Imperialifts and to the Dutch, 
 that if they would not allow France to have 
 given fufficient Grounds for opening the 
 Conferences ; if they were defirous to Carry 
 on the War, and determin'd to accept of 
 no Terms of Peace, inferior to thofe which 
 had been formerly demanded and refufed, ihe 
 was on her Part ready to concur with them : 
 but that in Juftice to herfelf, and to them, flic 
 thought herfelf bound to let them know, that 
 fhe could no longer bear fo difproportionable 
 a Burthen ; that it was evident, that the com- 
 mon Effort muft be ftill greater than it was, 
 or that there would remain no Profpect of ar-
 
 532 tte LIFE of the 
 
 riving at the Ends which they propos'd ; and 
 that tor thefe Reafons it would be incumbent 
 upon them, if the War continued, to en- 
 creafe their Expences, whilft the Queen re- 
 duced her's. 
 
 The Minifters of the States-General were ve- 
 ry candid and open upon this Head. Mon- 
 fieur Buys aiferted that his Mailers had done 
 their utmoft already, and could be obliged to 
 no more j many of the others had, on leveral 
 Occafions, declared their Country unable to 
 fupport the Charge they were at another Sum- 
 mer, and the Penfionary himfelf in a Deputa- 
 tion of the States, appointed to attend the Earl 
 of Straff or d, in Qffober^ 1711, declared that 
 it was impoffible to think of continuing the 
 War another Year ; that what from the Em- 
 peror^ and what from the Princes of the 
 North, we Ihould be in the utmoft Danger, 
 fhould we attempt to do it : And finally that 
 they were Traitors to their Country, who were 
 again ft a Peace. 
 
 Many Inftances might be produced to mew, 
 that there was at leaft as little Reafon to ex- 
 pect from the Houfe of Auftria y as from the 
 States-General, a greater Effort, than they had 
 hitherto made. The Peace of Hungary was 
 concluded, about the Month of May, 1711. 
 And that conftant Excufe which the Minifters 
 of Vienna uied to make, for all their Defici- 
 encies, did by Confequence no longer fubfift ; 
 yet her Majeriy found it impoffible, at the lat- 
 ter End of that Year, to obtain a Reinforce- 
 ment
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 ment of no more than 8000 Men from thence, 
 altho' her Minifter was empowered to have of- 
 fer'd 40,000 /. for the March of them j and al- 
 tho' the prefent King of Sicily, then Duke of 
 Savoy, undertook, it he might be aflured of 
 this Reinforcement, any time before the Clofe 
 of the Campaign, to eftablifh his Winter Quar- 
 ters, on that Side of France, which would 
 have been in that Point of Time the more 
 decifive, becaufe a Project was then formed, 
 and would have been executed, could the States 
 have been, in Time, induced to have taken even 
 lefs than their own Share upon them j her 
 Majefty fupplying their Deficiency, as well 
 as her own Proportion, to have kept a great 
 Body of Horfe all the Winter on the Frontiers 
 of the Low-Countries , by which Means Pi- 
 cardy and the Ifle of France would have been 
 ravaged, no Magazines would have been erec- 
 ted, and the French muft have gone, in the 
 Spring, a great Way back into their Country 
 to aflemble their Army. 
 
 The Imperial Miniilers confefs'd very freely 
 that their Mafter expected the Queen mould 
 furnifh all the Money ; and that the utmofl he 
 could do was to fend Troops at her Expence j 
 in the fame Breath avowing the Emperor's In- 
 tention to be, to break the Negotiation of 
 Peace, and to continue the War till Spain 
 was conquer'd, the entire Monarchy whereof 
 he expected. But it there had remain'd any 
 Doubt of -the little AfTiftance, which was to be 
 L 1 hop'
 
 534 73* LIFE of tie 
 
 hop'd for from the Houfe of Aujlria y wher 
 aim'd at fuch great Acquifitions, this Matter 
 would have been put entirely out of Difpute 
 by the Propofals which Prince Eugene himfelf 
 made in Holland firft, and afterwards to the 
 Queen. 
 
 The Propofals, it muft be thought, were 
 carried, at leaft, as high as his Imperial Majefty 
 judged himfelf able to make good, fmce it is. 
 notorious he would have fhick at nothing which 
 might have broke the Meafures of Peace, and 
 have encouraged the Refolution of carrying on 
 the War; and yet, even by tjiefe Propofals, his 
 Imperial Majefty did not pretend to act in the 
 Field with 2000 Men more, than in the Year 
 1702, altho' the Expcnce of thofe Troops 
 was not to fall upon him ; and altho' he 
 offer'd to conftitute, but a fourth Part of the 
 Charge of the Army in Spain ; fo that the 
 remaining three Fourths, as well as the whole 
 Tranfportation and Extraordinaries of the 
 War, would ftill have been placed to the 
 Queen's Account. 
 
 From what has been faid it is manifeft, thair 
 the Method, in which the War was propofed 
 to be carried on, could no longer be fupported ^ 
 and that there was not any Glimpfe of Hope 
 left, that the Allies would be brought to make 
 any confiderable Augmentation of Force to 
 have profecuted the War ; therefore in this - 
 Manner it muft have been the Ruin of Bri- 
 tain. 
 
 Far-
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 
 
 Farther, as the Emperor Jofeph died in the 
 Beginning of the Year 1711, the very Princi- 
 ple upon which the Allies enter'd into the 
 War, which was to prevent the Uniting of 
 two powerful Monarchies, was quite alter'd, 
 for there would have been as much Danger in 
 procuring the Crown of Spain for the new 
 Emperor, if not more, than there would have 
 been from the Union of the two Crowns, 
 France and Spain, in one and the fame Prince; 
 Nay fome of the Prii.ces of the Empire were 
 under Apprehenfions of the Imperial and 
 Spanijh Crowns being united on the fame 
 Head j and thought ^t worthy their moffc 
 ferious Reflection, whether it was not pro- 
 per, in the Capitulation of the Empire, to 
 infift on their being feparated. But, to re- 
 turn. 
 
 On the loth of June, the Duke of 
 Ormonde, join'd in Commiffion with the 1713. 
 Lord Chancellor and Lord Steward 
 of her Majefly's Houfhold, declared and no- 
 tified the Royal Aflent to feveral Ads of Par- 
 liament. Burnet (to copy his Politenefs in 
 docking Titles) tells us, that, in the preceding 
 Month, the Duke was made Governor of 
 Dovtr, and Warden of the Cinque-pcrts, and 
 his Son-in-Law Lord j4jbburnbam y Deputy- 
 Governor and Deputy- Warden ; but I do not 
 find this in theHifbrical and Political Mercury 
 of the Year 1713, and I have carefully exa- 
 min'd it thro' every Month. Lord Jljbburn- 
 L 1 2 bam
 
 536 The LIFE of tit 
 
 bam I find in July this Year appointed Colonel 
 of the firft Troop of Horfe-guards, (under the 
 Title of ArranJ in the Jrijh Compendium ', the 
 Author of which could have no Reafon to fal- 
 fify the Chronology ; we are told that, in 
 1711-12, the Duke of Ormonde was appoint- 
 ed Colonel of the firft Regiment of Foot- 
 Guards, and, at the fame Time alfo, Warden 
 of the Cinque-forts ^ and Conftable of Dover 
 Caftle : But, this Date not anfwering the good 
 Bimop's Views of throwing Dirt, he has 
 thought, for that Reafon, proper to alter it, 
 according to his invariable Cuflom. 
 
 July the 3oth, the Duke of Ormonde, 
 1714. being inform'd that the Queen was in a 
 defperate Condition, vtentto Kenjmgton, 
 and, 'tis faid, fent to Dodor Ratcliff'e, who 
 refufed to attend. However that was, his 
 Grace was in Council, when all imaginable Pre- 
 cautions were taken for the quiet Acceffion of 
 his Electoral Highnefs, according to the Acl: 
 of Settlement. Her Majefty died Auguft ift, 
 '1714, and King George was immediately pro- 
 claim'd. 
 
 On the 1 6th of September, the King em- 
 bark'd at Orange-polder for England,, and the 
 next Day in the Evening arrived at the Hope, 
 and at Greenwich the following Evening about 
 Six o'Clock. The King, being come to his 
 Houfe, withdrew to his Bed-chamber, whi- 
 ther he fent for feveral of the Nobility, but 
 
 the
 
 Dule of ORMONDE. 537 
 
 the Duke of Ormonde had not that Honour 
 done him ; and the JUay after his Maj&fty fent 
 Lord Townftxnd, his new Secretary of State, 
 (having before his Arrival remov'd Lord Bo- 
 longbrokc) to acquaint his Grace, that he niad 
 no longer Occafion for his Service, as Cap- 
 tain General, but would be glad to fee lim at 
 Court; his Grace was alfo left out of the 
 new Privy-Council, but named for that of Ire- 
 land. 
 
 The Party, which had lately been kept un- 
 der, having now, in a Manner, engrofs'd the 
 King, to whom they had, long before his Ac- 
 cemon, made their Court, was refolv'd to lay 
 the Ax to the Root, and to put it out of the 
 Power of their Oppofers ever, for the Future, 
 to break in upon their Poffcffion of the Royal 
 Favour, confequently, of all honourable and 
 lucrative Pofts in the Government. The Hi- 
 ftory of thofe Times, being now publifh'd, 
 makes a Detail of their Procedure unnecefTary, 
 and indeed, 'tis foreign to my Subject, except 
 what regards his Grace the Duke of Ormonde^ 
 whom Mr. Secretary Stanhope impeach'd of 
 High Treafon. Several fpoke in Behalf of his 
 Grace, among whom was Sir Jcjepb Jekyl, 
 who by his Exordium mew'd he well knew 
 both the Views and Spirit of his Party, for the 
 Whigs do nothing by Halves: Jf\ faid he, 
 there is Room for Mercy , he hop'd it would 
 be {hewn to that0/r, generous, and cwra^c- 
 oits Peer, &c. The Duke, however, did not 
 L 1 3 think
 
 538 Tke LIFE of the 
 
 think it advifeable to attempt weathering a 
 Storm, which he faw levcll'd all before it j 
 but privately withdrew from his Houfe at 
 Richmond to France^ having before refign'd, 
 by authentic Acts, the Chancellormip of 
 Oxford^ and the High Stewardfhip of Weftmin- 
 Jier, to both which Dignities his Brother the 
 Earl of Arran was elected. I have heard his 
 Grace cenfured for quitting England^ but let 
 any one look into two Addreffes which relate 
 to the Peace, one in p. 445-446, and the other 
 in the immediate fubfequent Reign, and they 
 need no more than their own Reflections to 
 clear him from the Imputation of Weaknefs. 
 In a Word, he very well knew who were his 
 Perfecutorsj he was well acquainted with 
 their Principles, and, far from being ignorant 
 of their Views, was too prudent to trull his 
 Head, I won't fay to their Mercy (thorough 
 Macbtaviliam are Strangers to the Term) but 
 to their Difpofal. 
 
 As foon as it was known that the 
 1715. Duke had withdrawn himfelf ; Auguft 
 5th, Articles of Impeachment were 
 read againffc him in the Houfe of Commons. 
 The firft charg'd his Grace with correfponding 
 with Marefchal P'i liars the fecond with ha- 
 ving engaged not to attack the French Army, 
 or enter on any Siege; the third, that he had 
 adhered to the French King, and endeavoured 
 to perfuade the Confederates Generals to raife 
 the Siege of Quefnoy-, but,. failing in that, he had 
 
 march' d
 
 Duke of ORMONVK. 
 
 march'd off with the Queen's Troops, of 
 which he gave the Enemy Advice. The 
 reft of the Articles are his whole Conduct 
 turn'd into a Charge. What would have been 
 the Fate of his Grace, had he trufted to his 
 Integrity, and faced the Storm, is no hard 
 Matter to conjecture from the Procedure of the 
 
 thenM y. ABill was brought in to fummon 
 
 him to furrender by the loth of September, 
 and on Default thereof to attaint him of High 
 Treafon, which pafled both Houfes, and re- 
 ceiv'd the Royal Aflent. The Duke having 
 neglected to obey this Summons, the Houfe of 
 Lords ordered the Earl Marfhal to eraze his 
 Name out of the Lift of Peers ; his Arms alfo 
 were eraz'd, and his Atchievements, as Knight 
 of the Garter, were taken down from St. 
 George's Chapel at Windfor. The Commons 
 of Ireland alfo brought in a Bill to attaint, and 
 fet ten thoufand Pounds on the Head of, his 
 Grace. Inventories were taken of all his per- 
 fonal Eftate, and both that and his real veft- 
 cd in the Crown. 
 
 His Grace, ftripp'd of all Support and in a 
 Foreign Country, was under a Neceflity of 
 entering fome Service, for Bread. Heftaid 
 not long in France^ where he had taken the 
 Title and Name of Colonel Commerford^ be- 
 fore he had an Invitation from the Court of 
 Spain, eager to embrace fo brave and knowing 
 a Captain. I will not contradict thofc who ai- 
 fert that he commanded the Body of Troops 
 L 1 4 dc-
 
 540 Tie LIFE of tie 
 
 defign'd to make a Defcent upon England, 
 and that he heartily went into the Interefts of 
 the Pretender ; if thefe are fo, he is not the 
 firil great Man who has invaded his Native, 
 when he thought it alfo an ungrateful, Coun- 
 try. Our own Hiftory fhews that, where 
 there was a Competitor, the Exiled, who 
 thought themfelves injured, ever took Advan- 
 tage of his Preteniions, to recover their for- 
 mer Rights, without fcrupuloufly weighing 
 the Validity of fuch Pretenfions : Tho' 'tis not 
 irnpoffible but that, in what related to the 
 Title by which the Pretender lays Claim to 
 the Imperial Crown of thefe Kingdoms, 
 his Grace adtcd from a Principle of Con- 
 fcience. 'Tis well known that a Gentleman, 
 never fufpecled to be a Friend to the Cheva- 
 lier, in the Hearing of the late Queen Ann t 
 and on a memorable Occafion, aflerted that the 
 Right was in him, if the Jus Divinum was 
 brought upon the Carpet. All mull acknow- 
 ledge that her Majefly held the Crown by a 
 Parliamentary Right; the People, as they have 
 more than once done, when they had Reafon 
 to apprehend for their Liberties, broke in up- 
 on and uher'd the Succeffion, and, tho' they 
 have continued the Crown in the fame Blood, 
 they made Choice of a Branch in whole Pru- 
 dence and Juftice they had juft Reafon to con- 
 fide. On the one Hand, as they are not de- 
 ceiv'd in that Choice, fo, on the other, they 
 refolutely and zealouily defend it : But as his 
 
 Grace
 
 Duke of ORMONDE; 54.1 
 
 Grace was a better Soldier than, I believe, a. 
 Cafuift, Who can fay what fallacious Argu- 
 ments were employed to convince him that 
 the People have not this Power; which no 
 EngliJJoman can difpute without condemning 
 his Anceftors, who would compliment no 
 Prince at the Expence of their Liberties. How- 
 ever, every Action of the Duke's Life 'will 
 clear him from the Acting on a Principle of 
 Ps-evenge; a Vice too mean to find Admit- 
 tance in the Breafts of the Brave, Generous, 
 and Difinterefted. If his Grace did appear on 
 our Coafts with an armed Force ; if he zea- 
 loufly endeavoured to reitore the Houfe of 
 Stuart, and return to, and die, in his Native 
 Country, as a modern Author afTerts, Heaven 
 cifappointed him in thefe Views: And whether 
 convinced that the Hand of Providence, which 
 has fo often render'd abortive every Attempt in 
 Favour of that Family, was againft them; or 
 tired with the Vanity and Viciffitudes of the 
 World, I never heard that he engaged in a 
 fecond Enterprize, but, retiring from the bufy 
 Scenes of Life, bent his whole Thoughts on 
 Preparing for Eternity. His Grace had from 
 the Court of Spain a Penfion of 2000 Piftoles; 
 he chofe Avignon for his Retreat, where he 
 lived, as if he was no longer one of this World. 
 He was here, in 1741, follicitedby the Court 
 of Seville to accept a Command, but he 
 excufed himfelf by alledging his great Age and 
 Infirmities. His Grace was here, as through- 
 out
 
 542 The LIFE of tie 
 
 out the whole Courfe of his Life, remarka- 
 ble for his Hofpitality and Beneficence: His 
 Doors were open to all ; but to an Engli/h-* 
 man his Heart alfo, without Diftinftion of 
 Parties. His Charity was fo extenfive, that 
 he would have himfelf wanted, had not his 
 Servants concealed from his Knowledge Num- 
 bers who continually applied to him for 
 Relief. Tho' he was unalterable in his Re- 
 ligion, yet he did not think the Difference 
 of Tenets ought to make him diftinguifh in 
 his Charities. He had Divine Service perform'd 
 in his Houfe, according to the Liturgy of 
 the Church of England, twice very Sunday * 
 and on every Wednefday and Friday Morn- 
 ing throughout the Year, at which all his 
 Proteftant Servants were obliged to be prefent. 
 The Sacrament was adminifler'd to the Fa- 
 mily once a Quarter, and, for a Week before 
 he receiv'd, the late Duke wou'd fee no-bo- 
 by, his Chaplain excepted , who was his 
 conftant Attendant, for that Space of Time. 
 He never prepared for Bed, or went abroad in 
 a Morning, till he had withdrawn for an Hour 
 to his Clofet j and tho' he had publick Af- 
 femblies twice a Week, to divert fuch melan- 
 choly Thoughts as muft naturally have occurr'd 
 to him, when he reflected on his then Situ- 
 ation and the Ingratitude of Men, who had 
 rifen, even from Obfcurity, by his Counte- 
 nance and Bounty : But, notwithflanding his 
 Complaifance for the Company, at thefeMeet- 
 
 ings,
 
 Duke of ORMONDE. 543 
 
 ings, made him alTume a chearful Counte- 
 nance, and endeavour to enliven the Con- 
 verfation, yet was it not difficult to discover 
 that this was an Outfide only, owing to his 
 good Nature and Politenefs, as he was ibme- 
 times ablentj and from the Opinion of a 
 good Judge of Men, who had the Honour 
 to be converfant with the late Duke of Or- 
 monde fometime before his Death, I may 
 venture to fay his Thoughts, even at thefc 
 Times, were more upon Heaven than on 
 Earth. In Ottober 1745, he complain'd of 
 a Want of Appetite ; every thing at his Ta- 
 ble was diftafteful to him, and the only 
 thing he fcem'd to relim was Mutton-broth, 
 after the Englijh Manner. He at length 
 grew too weak to walk. The Phyfician who 
 attended him, feeing him in this declining 
 Way, propos'd fending for two others from 
 Montpelier, which was accordingly done ; 
 they arriv'd on a Sunday the ^th of No- 
 vember, N. S. and, after a Confultation of 
 thefe three, they concluded on taking fomc 
 Blood from him, and on the Tuefday fol- 
 lowing about Seven o'Clock in the Evening, 
 the late Duke left this World, 'tis hoped, 
 for a better. On the 1 8th, his Body was 
 embalm 'd by four Surgeons and the three 
 Phyficians, and in the following May, as a 
 Bale of Goods, brought thro' France to Eng- 
 land, lodged in the Jertijalem Chamber, and 
 foon after decently enterr'd in the Vault of his 
 
 An-
 
 544 ^ LIFE of tie, &c. 
 
 Anceftors, in King Henry the Vllth's Chapel, 
 the Bifhop of Rocbe/ter, attended by a full 
 Choir, performing the Ceremony. He died 
 in the eighty-firft Year of his Age, after 
 having fuffered an Exile of upwards of thirty 
 Years. 
 
 FINIS.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ANN, Princefs, fucceeds 
 to the Crown 234 
 Albemarle, Earl of, 
 defeated, and made Prifoner at 
 Denain 414 
 
 Amand,St. taken by \heFrencbib. 
 Ailiftance, mutual, betweenGreat 
 Britain and the States flip. 424 
 Addrefles on theTrcaty of Peace 
 besng figned 431 & ftq. 
 
 Articles moft material of Peace, 
 
 435 # /'f- 
 B 
 
 Battle of Landen tz6 
 
 Baden, Prince Leivis of, arrives 
 in England 227, 228 
 
 Butler, th'? hon. Charles, created 
 a Baron' of England, and Earl 
 of Arran in Ireland 228 
 
 Bentinck, Mynheer, created Baron 
 of ' Circncejler, Vifcount Wovd- 
 jlock, and Earl of Port/. 232 ; 
 fent Ambaflador Extraordinary 
 to France ib. 
 
 Bovchain furrenders to the Fr. 41 7 
 
 Bulou, Mr. endeavours to per- 
 fnade the Duke,that the Eledor 
 of Hanoverv/oulA aft in concert 
 with herMajefty, 468, 469 ;he 
 refufes to fep rate the Hanove- 
 rian Troops from the Allies, ib. 
 
 Bruges, the Magiftracy of, term 
 the Englijh Enemies 508 
 
 Britain, Gr. her Situation with 
 reg. to theWar andtheAll. 530 
 
 Cadiz, the Fleet fails for, an Ac- 
 count of that Exped. 238 ^ 
 fy. 
 Care taken of the Catalans 424 
 
 Ceffation of Arms betweenGr 
 Br. and Fr. 501 
 
 Commons, Engli/h H. of, thank 
 her Majefty for communicating 
 the Terms of Peace, 397 ; they 
 addrefs her Majefty on the In- 
 dignity offer' d her by the 
 States General 401 
 
 Conduct, the Duke's, approved 
 by her Majefty 470 
 
 Convocation of Ireland, Refolu- 
 
 tion of the, 358 
 
 D 
 
 Declaration of the Prince of Q- 
 range, read at Oxford 224 
 
 Doivay retaken by the Fr. 416 
 
 Dutch refufe the Euglijh Paflage 
 thro' any of their Towns, 474 ; 
 their mean and unfair Proce- 
 dure 507 
 
 Denain, the Defeat at, 512; they 
 flatter themfelves with Commo- 
 tions, and even a Revolution in 
 England, 519; their Ddign 
 upon Knocquc 527 
 
 Englijh refus'd a Paflage by the 
 States thro 1 the very '1 owns we 
 had made themMallcrs of, 407 
 
 Eugcnt,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Eugene ', Prince, feparates from 
 the. Englijb Army, 411; he 
 marches away from theQueen's 
 Army, 498 j Extortion on the 
 Englijb Soldiers redrefs'd by the 
 D. of Ormonde 528 
 
 G 
 
 i George, the Firft, King, pro- 
 claim 'd, 536; embarks for and 
 arrives in England ib. & feq. 
 George, Pr. reviews the Fleet 236 
 Ghent and Bruges fecur'd 4 1 3 
 
 Higgins, the Rev. Mr. prefented 
 
 by theGrand Jury as a common 
 
 Difturber 380 
 
 X* 
 
 James, K. abdicates, 209; goes 
 to Salijbury, and being deferted 
 returns tow. Wind/or, 225, 226; 
 he fends over aDeclaration with 
 Promife of Pardon, csV. 226 
 
 Inftruftions to the D. of O. as 
 
 Capt. Gen. and his Conduct in 
 
 Confequence of them,447CJf/*f. 
 
 Li 
 
 Landen, Battle of, 226 
 
 Landrecy inverted, 412 J the 
 Siege raifed 4 1 5 
 
 Leake, Sir John, conveys a Body 
 of Troops to Dunkirk, which is 
 deliv. up to Gen. Hill 410 
 
 Liegois and Ho/seiners obey the 
 
 Duke's Orders 495 
 
 M 
 
 Marlborough, Duke of, remov'd 
 
 from all his Employments, 3 84; 
 
 he challenges E. P owlet 389 
 
 Marchiennes taktn by theFrencb, 
 
 408 
 
 Memorial of the Dutch Deputies 
 
 to the Duke 45/', 458 6f fcq. 
 
 Mercenaries mEnglifo Pay refufe 
 
 to obey our General 408 
 
 Motion in Parl. rejected 466 
 
 N 
 
 Namur taken 228 
 
 Najfou, Count, fent by Prince 
 
 Eugene and the Dutch Deputies 
 
 to excufe thcmfelves to the D. 
 
 of Ormonde 504, 
 
 O 
 Orange, Prince and Princefs of, 
 
 crown'd 209 
 
 ORMONDE, Duke of, born, 
 
 202 ; fent to Fr. ib. returns to 
 Eng. and placed at C. C. L'oll. 
 
 203 ; married to Ld Hide's D. 
 ib. at the Age of 1 9 he went to 
 the Siege of Luxetnburgb, ib* 
 was made Ld oftheBed-ch ib. 
 ferved agajnlt theD. of Mourn . 
 in the Welt, ib marr. to his id 
 Lady, ib. elected Knt Comp. of 
 the Order of the Garter, 222 ; 
 attends K. Jam -s to Salifl. 223; 
 goes over to the P. of Or. 224. 
 went withaPartyofthatPrince's 
 Troops to Oxf. where he caus'd 
 thatPrince's Decl. toberead,;'. 
 he is inft. Kt of the Garter, ib. 
 madeaLd of the Bed ch. 225 ; 
 attends K. W. to Ircl+ib,. is at 
 the Breach of the Boynt, it. fent 
 to quiet Dubl. ib. takes Poff. of 
 Kilk. ib. entertains K. mil. ib. 
 of the Privy Co. for lr. ib. re- 
 turns to E. ib. attends K. toHoI. 
 ib. excepted in K.J's Amnefty, 
 226 ; wounded and taken Prifo- 
 ner at the Battle of Landau, 227; 
 exch. for the D. of Berwick, ib. 
 attends the King to Ho/!. 228; 
 goes to Oxf. where as Chancel- 
 lor he receives the King, &c. 
 229 . decl. Command, in Chief 
 of all the Land Forces on board 
 the Fleet, 234 ; he goes toPorff. 
 236 ; app. Ld Lieut, of the Co. 
 ofSom. 237 ; fets Sail with the 
 Fleet, ib. driven back by cont. 
 
 Winds,
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Winds, r'. invites by Letter the 
 Gov. of Cadiz to iurrender, 24 1 ; 
 publiihes a Decl. on Sp. Coaft, 
 246 ; fum. the Gov. of P. St. 
 Mary' 's, who anfw. 247 ; leaves 
 Rota and marches with the Ar- 
 my tow. P. St A/-'s, 248 ; gives 
 ftridl Ord. ag. Plund. 250 ; ord. 
 Sir H. Eellafis and Sir C. tiara 
 to be put under Arreft, 252 ; en- 
 camps at S.Viflaria, 254 ; takes 
 up his Quarters in a Cloifter, ib. 
 forbids Plund. on Pam of Death, 
 ib. writes to the Prince and E. 
 of Not. 255; is obliged to give 
 Ord. for a Retreat, 261 ; mar- 
 ches towards Rota, 262 ; is re- 
 ceiv'd there by Col. Newton, ib. 
 takes the Alcayde .of Ro.'a and 
 hisNephew aboard, 264 ; infifts 
 on making a fecond Attempt to 
 land inS/>. 266; lands near Ptgo, 
 273; takes Pofieflion of Radon 
 Jella, 280 ; emb. forEng. 281 ; 
 knds at Deal, 282 ; his Recep- 
 tion in Londsn, &c. ib. madeLd 
 Lieut, of Jr. 292 ; his Reception 
 there, ib. his Speech totheParl. 
 of Ire/. 297. he returns to Eng. 
 333 ' ges back to Ire/. 336 ; 
 makes aProgrefs into theNorth, 
 345 ; returns to Dublin, 349 ; 
 comes over to Eng. 363 ; made 
 a Privy Counfellor for the Uni- 
 ted Kingdoms, 365 ; again de- 
 clar'd Ld Lieut, of Jr. 367; his 
 extraordinary Reception there, 
 ib. made Capt. Gen. 384 ; goes 
 to Flanders, ib. arrives at 1 cur- 
 nay, 385 ; goes to the Camp of 
 Marchiennes, ib. concurs with 
 the Confederates in the Siege of 
 Quefnoy, 386; propofes aCefla- 
 tionof Arms to the Allies, 406; 
 he is deferted by the Mercena- 
 ries, 407,408; 
 
 413 ; he receives Inftnift. froa* 
 the Queen, 447 ; goes tof%*, 
 448 ; has aCenf. with the Dep. 
 of the Slates, ib. garrifonsG^af 
 with Eng. 449 ; meets ?.Eugevf 
 and the Deput. of the States at 
 Tournay, i&. receives two Expr, 
 from Sec. St John, 4501 ta^c* 
 his Quarters MMarchiwna,^* 
 reftrain'd from fight ng by pofi- 
 tive Command from the Queen, 
 454 ; the D. in a great Dilem- 
 ma, ib. receives a Letter frost 
 M. Pi liars, 45 5 ; P. Eugene and 
 the Dep. of the States come to 
 his Grace, ib. he is in great Per- 
 plexity, 456, 457; two of the 
 Dep. fend him aMemorial from 
 their Matters, ib. receives a Let- 
 ter from Sec. St John, 461; up- 
 on which he defires Leave to re- 
 turn to Eng. 462 ; Mef. Wilde- 
 ren and Hop come by Order of 
 the States to his Grace, 467 j 
 fends for M. Bulou, 468; re- 
 ceives a Letter from the Lord 
 Privy Seal, 469 ; another from 
 Sec. St John, 47 1 j the D. feixi* 
 a Trumpet to the Maref. 472 ; 
 he viJits the Pr. and Dep. 473 i 
 receives Inftruft. from Sec. St 
 John, 476 ; fends to the foreign 
 Generals to be ready to mards, 
 478 ; M. Pillars invites the D. 
 to an Interview, which he ded- 
 481 j rec. farther Inft. from E. 
 482; reduces the exorb. Price 
 of Bread, by which the E. Sol- 
 diers faved monthly fromExtoj- 
 tioners 6231 Guild. ^Stiv.^z^-i 
 fees forw. for Eng. and is there 
 gracioufly rec. by the Qu. 529* 
 commil. with others to declare 
 the Royal Aflent tofeveralAfts, 
 535 ; lends for Dr. RatcH/e to 
 the Queen, 536; neglected by
 
 INDEX. 
 
 the new King, 537? difmifs'd 
 as Capt. Gen. ib. left out of the 
 Privy Co. of Ir. ib, impeach'd 
 of High Treafon, ib. he with- 
 draws to Fr. 538; Articles of 
 Impeachment of his Grace read 
 in the H. of Comm. ib. a Bill 
 brought in to fummon him to 
 appear, or to be attainted, 5 ;o, ; 
 he is attainted, and a Price let 
 on his Head by the Com. of Ir. 
 ib. he is invited to the Court of 
 Spain, 540 ; faid to command 
 the Troops defign'd to invade. 
 ib. retires to Avignon, 541 ; he 
 dies, is brought to Eng. and 
 buried in Henry Vllth's Chap- 
 pel 543, 544 
 
 Peace, feparate, propos'd by the 
 Dutch, to the French Court 469 
 
 Peers, the Irijh, thank the Queen 
 for having appointed the D. of 
 Ormonde Lord Lieutenant 309 
 
 Queen, her Birth-day folemniz'd 
 with great Pomp in Dull. 323 ; 
 writes to the States Gen. 423 ; 
 acquaints the Parliam. that the 
 Peace is fign'd, 428; her poii- 
 tive Command to the D. not to 
 hazard a Battle, 494 j dies, 
 536 
 
 >uefnoy furrenders to the Allies, 
 
 408 ; to the French 416 
 
 R 
 
 Rook, Sir Geo. decl. Vice Admi- 
 
 ral of Engl. 235 ; receives the! 
 Thanks of the Commons, 288 j 
 Complaint againft him in the 
 Houfe of Lords, he is honou- 
 rably acquitted 291 
 
 Scarp furrenders to the French, 
 4.6 
 
 Schombcrg, D. of, inftall'd Knt 
 of the Garter 224 
 
 Situation, uneafy, of the D. 457 
 
 States Gemral print their Letter 
 
 to the Queen, 400 ; write a 
 
 fubmiffive Letter to the Queen, 
 
 419 
 
 Stratford, Earl of, refus'dPaffage 
 thro 1 Bouchain and Dtnvay 503 
 
 Succeffion to the Britijh Crown 
 guaranteed by the States Gene- 
 ral 423 
 
 Sufpenfion of Arms renew'd be- 
 tween England and France, 4 1 7; 
 again rcnew'd 422 
 
 T 
 
 Thankfgiving, Publick 283 
 
 Treaties of Peace fign'd 427 
 
 Vegclet?*, Mr. Conference with 
 the D. of Ormonde 522 & feq. 
 
 War declared againft France, 
 235 
 
 William, King, goes to Holland, 
 228; he viTits Oxford, 229 ; 
 his Generofity to his Favorites, 
 232 j his Death 233 
 
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