QC 
 
 85\ 
 H.4-S 
 
WlS 1921 
 FOR OFFICIAL USE. 
 
 M.O. 239. 
 
 AIR MINISTRY-METEOROLCGIUAL OFFIC3, 
 
 INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOBICAL CONFERENCE, 
 
 it" 
 
 REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 FOURTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 
 
 OF 
 
 DIRECTORS OF METEOROLOGICAL INSTITUTES AND 
 OBSERVATORIES ,..* v& } i 
 
 * AND OF THE 
 
 INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 191SL 
 
 , 
 
 Published by Authority of the meteorological Cofftmitteei - ; -, 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE, Exhibition Road, London, S.W.7. 
 AIR MINISTRY T Iingsway, W.C.2. 
 
 1921. 
 
^ 
 
 LIST- 'Of: INI&Blf ATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL 
 MEETINGS. 
 
 Congresses of Official Delegates. Vienna 1874, Eome 1879. 
 
 Conferences. Leipzig 1872, Munich 1891, Paris 1896, Innsbruck 
 1905, Paris 1919. 
 
 Permanent Meteorological Committee. Utrecht 1874, London 
 1876, Utrecht 1878. 
 
 International Meteorological Committee. Berne 1880, Copen- 
 hagen 1882, Paris 1885, Zurich 1888, Upsala 1894, St. 
 Petersburg 1899, [Paris 1900], Southport 1903, Paris 1907, 
 Berlin 1910, Kome 1913, London 1919. ' 
 
 Commissions. 
 
 Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity. 
 
 Appointed 1891. Munich 1891, Paris 1896, Bristol 1898, 
 Paris 1900, Innsbruck 1905, Berlin 1910. 
 
 Scientific Aeronautics. Appointed 1896. Paris 1900, 
 Berlin 1902, St. Petersburg 1904, Milan 1906, Monaco 1909, 
 Vienna 1912. 
 
 Radiation. Appointed 1806, reconstituted 1910. Eap- 
 perswyl 1912. 
 
 Solar, Appointed 1903. Cambridge 1904, Innsbruck 
 1905, London 1909. 
 
 Weather Telegraphy. Appointed 1907. London 1909 and 
 1912. 
 
 Maritime Meteorology and Storm Warnings. Appointed 
 1907. London 1909 and 1912. 
 
 Reseau Mondial. Appointed 1907. Monaco 1909. 
 
 Meteorology and Agriculture. ...Appointed 1913. Has no4 
 met. 
 
I 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PREFACE ... ... 4 
 
 
 INTRODUCTION ... ... ..., ... 4 
 
 PROVISIONAL PROGRAMME OF THE CONFERENCE ... 5 
 
 LIST OF INVITED DELEGATES 6 
 
 i 
 
 MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE ... ... 9 
 
 APPENDICES. 
 I. Projection and Scale of Charts by M. Bjerknes ... ... 32 
 
 II. Minutes of the Commission on the Application of 
 
 Meteorology to Aerial Navigation ... ... ... 33 
 
 III. Minutes of the Commission on Meteorological Telegraphy ... 35 
 IV. Marine Meteorology ... ... 41 
 
 V. List of Members of Commissions appointed by the 
 
 Conference ... ... ... 46 
 
 VI. Minutes of the Radio-Telegraphic Commission EU 
 
 F GB I ... 49 
 
 VII. Minutes of Proceedings of a Meeting of the International 
 
 Meteorological Committee, held on October 6th, 1919... 53 
 
 VIII. Geographical List of Institutions and Persons from 
 , , whom Publications containing Meteorological aud 
 Geophysical Data have been received at the Meteoro- 
 logical Office, London, during the last ten years 
 [M.O. Circular 303] "... 54 
 
 IX. Institutions on the Presentation Lists of the Meteoro- 
 logical Office ... ... ... ... ... ... 73 
 
 (2910612) Wt 9505357 500 1/21 H. St. Q. 3 
 
 986955 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 From the commencement of the International Meteorological 
 Organization in 1873 it has been accepted as the duty of the 
 Meteorological Office to publish an English version of the reports 
 of proceedings of International Meteorological Conferences and of 
 the meetings of the International Meteorological Committee. 
 
 In discharge of that duty an English version of the Proces- 
 Verbaux of the Meteorological Conference held in Paris by the 
 invitation of the Government of the French Republic from 
 30th September to 6th October inclusive is here presented. 
 
 In recent issues of this character it has been customary to add 
 two appendices which represent two aspects of the exchange of 
 publications between the Meteorological Office and the Meteoro- 
 logical Institutions of other countries. These appear in this issue 
 as Appendices VIII and IX. 
 
 NAPIER SHAW. 
 September, 1920. 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO THE ORIGINAL FRENCH 
 
 EDITION. 
 
 The last International Conference of Directors of Meteoro- 
 logical Services and Observatories took place at Innsbruck in 
 1905. The next meeting should have been held in 1915. 
 
 The war prevented this meeting and moreover brought to an 
 end all international arrangements. After an exchange of views 
 between the Directors of the meteorological services of Great 
 Britain, France and Italy it was agreed in 1919 to summon an 
 International Conference of Directors at Paris, and official invita- 
 tions to this effect were issued by the Government of the French 
 Kepublic to Allied and Neutral Powers. 
 
 At the invitation of Sir Napier Shaw, Director of the Meteoro- 
 logical Office, a preliminary semi-official meeting was held in 
 London from July 3rd to 9th, 1919. It was attended by repre- 
 sentatives of Great Britain, Denmark, France, India, Italy, 
 Norway, the Netherlands and Sweden, The minutes of the 
 meeting were published in English in September, 1919, under 
 the title International Meteorological Committee. Minutes of a 
 Meeting of Members. London, Meteorological Office, M.O. 237. 
 
 Those present at that meeting drafted a letter for circulation 
 to all persons invited to attend the Conference at Paris enclosing 
 a copy of the Reglement of International Meteorological Organisa- 
 tion drawn up by the International Meteorological Committee at 
 Paris in 1907 , which has not yet been submitted for approval to a 
 Conference of Directors, and recommending it as a guide in 
 framing the International Organisation of the future. Both the 
 letter and the Reglement are printed in the minutes of the meeting 
 of the Committee to which reference has been made.* 
 
 The provisional programme of the Conference to be held ID 
 Paris has also been circulated. 
 
 * M.O. 237, pp. 9 and 37. 
 
CONFERENCE OF THE DIRECTORS 
 
 1 OF THE 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES. 
 
 PARIS, 1919. 
 
 V 
 
 PEG VISIONAL PEOGEAMME. 
 
 1. Presentation of the Codex of Eesolutions approved at Meteoro- 
 
 logical Conferences and Committees from 1872 to 1919 
 (Sir Napier Shaw). 
 
 2. Eeview of the present position of Meteorology as regards 
 
 Aviation, Artillery, Transport and the Physics of the Air. 
 
 3. International Meteorological Organisation and nomination of 
 
 an International Meteorological Committee. 
 
 4. Hours of Observations and Units of Measurement : 
 
 Discussion of proposals by Lt.-Col. E. Gold asking that 
 all observations, whether used in connexion with forecasting 
 or climatology, should be made by local time. 
 
 5. Synoptic Meteorology. 
 
 (a) Codes for the transmission of observations. 
 
 (6) Exchange of observations by radiotelegraphy. 
 
 (c) l)aily Synoptic Charts of the North Atlantic. 
 
 Arrangements for the collection and publication of 
 
 data. 
 
 6. Climatology. 
 
 (a) Changes in international codes (clouds, rain, etc.) 
 to meet the requirements of aviation. 
 
 (6) Eeseau Mondial. Eeport on the publications of 1911, 
 1912 and 1913, and consideration of a programme 
 of future work. 
 
 7. Aerology : 
 
 Organisation of an international network of observations, 
 centralisation and publication of observations. 
 
 8. Co-operation between national services in the matter of 
 
 utilisation of observations made at sea both for statistical 
 purposes and for the preparation of synoptic charts. 
 
 9. Appointment of a Commission to report on the preparation 
 
 of an international meteorological vocabulary. 
 10. Appointment of Commissions to supervise scientific investi- 
 gations. 
 
 $9106 A 3 
 
LIST OF DELEGATES INVITED Tp THE CONFERENCE 
 AT PARIS, 1919. 
 
 * An asterisk is placed against the names of those who attended. 
 
 ARGENTINE. 
 
 The Director, Meteorological Service, Buenos Aires. 
 
 . 
 
 *Mr. H.- a] Hunt, Director, Commonwealth Meteorologist, 
 , Mythological Bureau, Melbourne. 
 
 BELGIUM. 
 
 *Commandant Jaumotte, Director of the Meteorological 
 
 Service, Uccle. 
 *M. Jacobs, President of the Belgian Astronomical Society, 
 
 Brussels. 
 
 BRAZIL. 
 
 The Director, Meteorological Service, Rio de Janeiro. 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 *Sir Frederic Stupart, Director, Meteorological Service, 
 Toronto. 
 
 CEYLON. 
 
 *Capt. A. J. Bamford, Director, The Observatory, Colombo. 
 
 CHILI. 
 
 The Director, Meteorological Service, Valparaiso. 
 *M. A. Bertrand, Engineer, formerly Professor in the Univer- 
 sity of Santiago, Delegate of the Government of Chili. 
 
 CZECHO-SLOVAKIA. 
 
 The Director, Observatory, Prague. 
 
 DENMARK. 
 
 *Capt. Ryder, Director, Meteorological Institute, Copen- 
 hagen. 
 
 EGYPT. 
 
 *Mr. H. Knox Shaw, Director, Meteorological Section, 
 Physical Service, Dawawyn, Cairo. 
 
 FRANCE. 
 
 *M. A. Angot, Director, Central Meteorological Bureau, 
 
 Paris. 
 
 *M. Rollet de 1'Isle, Director, Hydrographical Service, Paris. 
 ""Lieutenant-Colonel Saconney, Director of the Service of 
 
 Aerial Navigation, Paris. 
 
 *M. Rey, Chief Agricultural Meteorological Service, Paris. 
 *M. Lebeuf , Director, Observatory, Besanson. 
 *M. L. Picart, Director, Observatory, Bordeaux. 
 *M. J. Mascart, Director, Observatory, Lyons. 
 *M. H. Bourget, Director, Observatory, Marseilles. 
 
FBANCE cont. 
 
 M. Fayet, Director, Observatory, Nice. 
 M. Cosserat, Director, Observatory, Toulouse (Pic-du-Midi) . 
 *M. Mathias, Director, Puy-de-D6me Observatory, Clermont- 
 Ferrand. 
 
 *M. G. Rothe, Director, Meteorological Service of Alsace- 
 Lorraine, Strasbourg. 
 
 M. Gomiessiat, Director, Observatory, Algiers. 
 *M. Lasserre, Director, Meteorological Service, Algiers. 
 *Lieutenant Bureau, Military Meteorological Service. 
 
 GREAT BRITAIN. 
 
 *Sir Napier Shaw, Director, Meteorological Office, London. 
 Capt. Douglas, Assistant Hydrographer, Admiralty, London. 
 *Lieut. H. D. Grant, Superintendent, Admiralty Meteoro- 
 logical Service, Admiralty, London. 
 
 GREECE. 
 
 *M. Eginitis, Director, Observatory, Athens. 
 
 HOLLAND. 
 
 *Professor van Everdingen, Director, Meteorological Insti- 
 tute, de Bilt. 
 
 M. Ch. A. C. Nell, Meteorological and Aerological Society. 
 The Hague. 
 
 INDIA. 
 
 *Dr. G. T. Walker, Director General of Observatories, Simla. 
 
 ITALY. 
 
 *Professor L. Palazzo, Director, Meteorological and 
 
 Geodynamical Office, Borne. 
 
 *Lieutenant-Colonel Matteuzzi, Director, Aerological Ser- 
 vice, Kome. 
 The Director, Hydrographic Office, K. Magistrate alle Acque, 
 
 Venice. 
 
 M. le Comte Cittadella Vigodarzere, President, Italian 
 Meteorological Society, Padua. 
 
 JAPAN. 
 
 M. Nakamura, Director, Meteorological Service, Tokio. 
 
 NEW ZEALAND. 
 
 *Lieutenant-Colonel D. C. Bates, Director, Dominion 
 Meteorological Office, Wellington. . 
 
 NORWAY. 
 
 *M. Th. Hesselberg, Director, Meteorological Institute, 
 
 Christiania. 
 M. J. Birkeland, Director, Meteorological Observatory, 
 
 Bergen. 
 
 *Professor V. Bjerknes, Bergen. 
 *M. O. Krogness, Director, Geophysical Institute, Tromso. 
 
 29106 A * 
 
8 
 
 POLAND. 
 
 *M. Gorczynski, Director, Meteorological Service, Warsaw. 
 
 PORTUGAL. 
 
 Colonel Chaves, Director, Meteorological Service of Azores, 
 
 Ponta Delgada. 
 The Director, Observatoire de 1'Infant .D. Luiz, Lisbon. 
 
 EOUMANIA. 
 
 *M. Coculesco, Director, Observatory, Bucharest. 
 
 SERBIA-CROATIA- SLA VONIA. 
 
 The Director, Meteorological Service, Belgrade. 
 
 SOUTH AFRICA. 
 
 *Mr. C. Stewart, Chief Meteorologist of the Union of South 
 Africa. *-=- 
 
 SPAIN. 
 
 *M. J. Galbis, Director, Meteorological Service, Madrid. 
 
 M. le R. O. Cirera, Director, Ebro Observatory, Tortosa. 
 *M. E. Fontsere, Director, Aerological Station, Barcelona. 
 
 SWEDEN. 
 
 *M. Wallen, Director, Hydrographical and Meteorological 
 
 Office, Stockholm. 
 M. Akerblom, Director, Meteorological Observatory of the 
 
 University, Upsala. 
 
 M. Pettersson, Director, Oceanographical Institute, Goten- 
 burg. 
 
 SWITZERLAND. 
 
 Professor Maurer, Director, Federal Meteorological Insti- 
 tute, Zurich (unable to attend, replaced by) : 
 *Professor A. de Quervain, Assistant Director, Meteorological 
 
 Institute, Zurich. 
 
 *Professor Mercanton, President, Swiss Geophysical Society, 
 Lausanne. 
 
 SYRIA. 
 
 M. le B. P. Berloty, Director, Observatory, Ksara. 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
 Professor C. F. Marvin, Chief of Weather Bureau, Washing- 
 ton. 
 
 URUGUAY. 
 
 M. H. Bazzano, Director, National Meteorological Insti- 
 tute, Montevideo. 
 
9 
 
 The following were invited to be present at the meetings : 
 Professor F. Eredia, Meteorological and Geodynamical 
 
 Office, Eome. 
 
 Professor C. F. Talman, Weather Bureau, Washington. 
 M. P. Combier, The Observatory, Ksara, Syria. 
 Lieut, de Vaisseau Eouch, Marine Meteorological Service, 
 
 Paris. 
 
 Capt. Franck, Military Aviation, Paris. 
 M. Dongier, Central Meteorological Office, Paris. 
 M. Goutereau, Central Meteorological Office, Paris. 
 Lieut. Wehrle, Military Meteorological Service, Paris. 
 
 MINUTES OF PROCEEDINGS. 
 
 1st Meeting. Tuesday, 30th September, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 The Conference assembled at 10 a.m. on the 30th September, 
 1919, at the Ministry of Public Instruction. 
 
 In opening the meeting M. Angot welcomed the members of 
 the Conference and -submitted letters from M. Chaves (Azores), 
 M. Maurer (Switzerland), M. Marvin (U.S.A.), M. Nakamura 
 (Japan), regretting their inability to be present. No reply to the 
 invitations issued had been received from Argentina, Brazil, 
 S erbia^Croat ia- S lavonia , C zecho- Slovakia . 
 
 On the motion of M. Angot, Sir Napier Shaw was asked to serve 
 as President of the Conference, M. Palazzo was nominated Vice- 
 President for the day ; M. Angot was elected Secretary. 
 
 The President thanked the members of the Conference for the 
 honour conferred on him, and expressed the hope that the meeting 
 would result in great progress not only for the Science of Meteoro- 
 logy, but also in its practical applications, particularly to 
 aeronautics. 
 
 M. Angot read the provisional programme, and proposed that 
 Item 8 (Co-operation in Marine Meteorology) be discussed in con- 
 junction with Item 5c (Synoptic Charts of the North Atlantic). 
 
 The President asked whether any member wished to submit 
 additional subjects for discussion. In reply to this invitation 
 M. Bjerknes submitted a proposal regarding the scale of meteoro- 
 logical charts. 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw added a proposal by Lt.-Col. Gold asking that 
 the international symbol for rime should be used to indicate un- 
 usual visibility, and that a different symbol should be selected for 
 rime. 
 
 The President submitted to the Conference a copy of an English 
 edition of the Codex summarising the resolutions adopted at 
 international meetings, brought up to date to include the Eesolu- 
 tions of the Meeting held in Borne in 1913, and also a copy of the 
 minutes of the meeting of meteorologists held in London in July, 
 
10 e . 
 
 1919. He regretted that the postal service had failed to deliver 
 additional copies of these documents in time for distribution to 
 the meeting. 
 
 The President outlined the considerations which had led to the 
 inclusion of Item 2 (Review of present position of Meteorology) 
 in the provisional programme. He indicated the directions in 
 which meteorology ought to develop and the services which the 
 present Conference could render to aviation, to commercial flying, 
 to the utilisation of natural resources, and on occasion, to artillery. 
 
 He drew attention to the fact that provisional agreements on 
 matters affecting the exchange of meteorological information had 
 been concluded by the aviation services of various ^countries, and 
 had been incorporated as an annex to the Peace Treaty. The 
 Conference would have to bear this in mind in its deliberations. 
 
 He hoped that the good understanding that always prevailed 
 between meteorologists since the first international meeting in 
 1873, which had produced such good results in the past, would 
 continue, and would help materially to enable those responsible 
 for the work to meet the demands which the future hold&in store. 
 
 In conclusion he thanked the French Government for the hospi- 
 tality which it had been good enough to offer tc the present 
 Conference. 
 
 Item 3 (International Organisation). The President read the 
 proposals of the Committee (contained in their letter of July 4, 
 1919). M. Angot brought forward an amendment which he had 
 drafted in order to define more precisely the functions of each of 
 the. bodies comprised in the International Meteorological Organisa- 
 tion. He explained that his proposals were made with the object 
 of giving effect to the decisions taken at Brussels at the recent 
 meeting of the International Council for Research. 
 
 In reply to M. Mercanton, M. Angot gave further particulars 
 of this Council, with which are connected the International Unions 
 of a number of sciences, in particular, Astronomy and Geophysics. 
 These Unions are subdivided into sections : Meteorology, Terres- 
 trial Magnetism and Seismology are included in the section for 
 Geophysics. If subjects of common interest to several sections 
 require support, the section, through the intermediary of the corre- 
 sponding Union, should address itself to the International Council 
 for Research, whose functions it is to approach the Governments 
 concerned. 
 
 M. Angot, at the request of M. Berloty, gave further informa- 
 tion regarding the constitution and functions of Commissions 
 nominated at Conferences of Directors or by the International 
 Meteorological Committee. Each Commission is authorised to 
 take any action it may think fit and to co-opt new members without 
 first reporting to the Committee. Any member of the 'Committee 
 is entitled to attend the meetings of a Commission m order 
 to ensure full liaison with the International Meteorological 
 Committee. 
 
11 
 
 In connexion with a proposal of M. Lebeuf to reduce the 
 interval elapsing between the Conferences of Directors and the 
 meetings of the International Meteorological Committee, 
 discussion ensued in which the following took part : 
 
 MM. Jaumotte, Franck, Eouch, Picart, Eginitis, Jacobs, 
 Mercanton . 
 
 The President pointed out that it was in the power of the present 
 Conference before separating to fix the date of the next meeting 
 at an earlier date than was usual if this were considered desirable. 
 The meeting adjourned at 12h. 15m. 
 
 Signed : NAPIEE SHAW. 
 A. ANGOT. 
 
 Second Meeting: Tuesday, 30th September, 1919, Afternoon. 
 
 The meeting was opened at 15h., the President in the chair. 
 
 Commission on Aerial Navigation. M. Matteuzzi proposed the 
 nomination of a meteorological Commission for Aerial Navigation 
 on which all nations interested should be represented. 
 
 M. Jaumotte seconded the proposal. 
 
 M. Eouch submitted the view that decisions of this Commission 
 should have executive force pending their confirmation by the 
 International Meteorological Committee.. 
 
 M. Mascart, and also M. Ryder, voiced the opinion that most 
 Observatories would not be able to comply with all demands of 
 such a Commission, as they had not at their disposal funds for 
 carrying out the supplementary work involved therein. 
 
 The President requested M. Rouch and M. Matteuzzi to submit 
 a list of names to form the proposed Commission on Aerial 
 Navigation . 
 
 Item 3. Organisation (continued). M. Angot, in view of the 
 discussion which had taken place at the morning meeting, 
 submitted further modifications in the text of his revised draft 
 of the Reglement. Several members of, the Conference, in 
 particular, MM. Mercanton, Jacobs, de Quervain, Eginitis, 
 Angot took part in the discussion. It was agreed that a Vice- 
 President should be added to the list of Officers of the 
 International Meteorological Committee, which had consisted 
 hitherto only of a President and a Secretary, and that Conferences 
 of Directors should be called every six years instead of every nine 
 years. 
 
 After some further discussion the meeting accepted unani- 
 mously the following text for the Reglement of the International 
 Meteorological Organisation : 
 
 REGLEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL 
 METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATION. 
 
 The International Meteorological Organisation comprises ; 
 
 1. Conferences of Directors. 
 
 2. The International Meteorological Committee. 
 
 3. Commissions. 
 
12 
 
 I. Conference of Directors. 
 
 The principal function of Conferences of Directors is to discuss 
 administrative questions, to promote agreement as to rnethols 
 of observation and calculation, and to consider what co-operative 
 researches should be attempted and eventually to nominate 
 Commissions to supervise their execution. Purely theoretical 
 questions cannot be included in the programme of Conferences. 
 
 Conferences are summoned by the International Committee ; 
 they shall be held at least once in six years ; an extraordinary 
 meeting may be called by the Committee if questions of special 
 urgency arise. A meeting must be summoned if it is demanded 
 by a quarter of the members. 
 
 The Officers of the Committee shall invite to the Conferences 
 all heads of Reseaux of stations in each country and the Directors 
 of Meteorological Observatories which are official and independent 
 of one another. Further, the Officers shall consult the Directors 
 of official services in each country as to which Directors of private 
 institutes or representatives of Meteorological Societies shall be 
 invited to attend. 
 
 The Officers of the Committee shall prepare a list of members 
 of the Conferences and shall publish a revised edition of this list 
 each year. 
 
 Decisions will be taken on a majority of votes cast, unless a 
 vote by countries* is demanded. 
 
 II. The International Meteorological Committee. 
 
 The Conferences of Directors nominate an International 
 Meteorological Committee whose authority ends at the following 
 Conference. Each member of Committee must belong to a 
 separate country and must be the Director of an independent 
 meteorological establishment. The Conference of Directors fixes 
 the number of members of the Committee. 
 
 The Committee is empowered to complete its numbers in the 
 event of the resignation or death of any of its members. It may 
 also co-opt for the purpose of consultation scientists w r hose 
 advice is likely to prove of service. It nominates its own officers 
 consisting of a President, a Vice-President and a Secretary. 
 
 The function of the Committee is to supervise the carrying out 
 of the resolutions adopted at the Conferences. It shall make it 
 its business to propose measures likely to prove helpful to the 
 development of Science, or to bring about uniformity of method, 
 or to foster the maintenance of good relations between the services 
 of different countries. It shall prepare for discussion questions to 
 be submitted to the Conferences. Whenever necessary it shall 
 appoint Commissions to advance the study of special questions. 
 
 The Committee shall keep in touch with the International 
 Council for Research and with the Geophysical Union created at 
 Brussels in 1919, in order that co-ordination may be assured 
 
 * Understood to mean each self-governing country ; e.g., The Dominion of 
 Canada has a separate vote. 
 
13 
 
 between the work of these bodies and that of the Commissions 
 appointed by the Committee. 
 
 The Committee shall meet in plenary session at least once in 
 three years. The officers shall notify the members of the 
 Committee and the Presidents of Commissions of a meeting of 
 the Committee by circular one year in advance and iovite them 
 to fix by vote the date and place of meeting. 
 
 For the consideration of questions which are not of worldwide 
 interest the Committee shall hold sectional meetings as occasion 
 may arise, to which shall be summoned only the members 
 representing regions directly interested. To these meetings 
 Directors of Meteorological Services who are not members of the 
 Committee may be invited, but they shall not be entitled to vote. 
 
 III. Commissions. 
 
 One of the objects of the International Meteorological Organ- 
 isation is to organise co-operative researches without putting any 
 restraint on individual enterprise. Commissions appointed with 
 this end in view should include at least one member of the 
 Committee. 
 
 In the cases of newly organised Commissions the Presidents 
 shall be nominated by the Committee. 
 
 Once constituted, Commissions have power to co-opt additional 
 members and to arrange their own procedure. 
 
 Presidents of Commissions who are not members of the 
 Committee shall be invited to attend the meetings of the Com- 
 mittee and to take part in its discussions, but with a consultative 
 voice only. They should present a report on the work of their 
 Commission at each reunion of the Committee. 
 
 The Commissions should meet at least every three years. The 
 date and place of meeting of a Commission is fixed by the President 
 of the Committee and the President of the Commission acting 
 in consultation. 
 
 Any member who wishes to bring up a subject for discussion 
 at a meeting of a Conference, the Committee or a Commission 
 shall previously request the President to put the question on the 
 Agenda paper, and shall distribute a short report on it to the 
 respective members two months before the meeting. 
 
 International Vocabulary. M. Kouch submitted on behalf of 
 M. Eollet de 1'Isle a proposal for the nomination of a Commission 
 to draw up an International Meteorological Vocabulary and on his 
 own behalf a chart showing the distribution over squares of ten 
 degrees of latitude and longitude of observations made at sea by 
 ships of the French Navy and Mercantile Marine. 
 The meeting adjourned at 17h. 45m. 
 
 Signed : NAPIER SHAW. 
 A. ANGOT. 
 
14 
 
 - Third Meeting. Wednesday, 1st October, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 The meeting was opened at lOh. 
 
 The minutes of the two meetings of the previous day were 
 read and confirmed. 
 
 M. Ryder was nominated Vice-President for the day. 
 
 .Organisation (continued). The first item on the Agenda was 
 the fixing of the number of members of the International Meteoro- 
 logical Committee. The President recalled the fact that this 
 number had stood at 17 for many years, but suggested that it 
 might be increased to 20, leaving four places vacant to which 
 the Committee themselves should co-opt members. 
 
 M. Mercanton, after referring to the profound changes which 
 the world had undergone, proposed to increase the number of the 
 members to 24, and to leave six places to be filled at a later date. 
 M. Jacobs, in view of the fact that the Conferences of Directors 
 take place at long intervals (6 years) , suggested that all countries 
 having a well-organised meteorological service should have 
 representation on the Committee. He, therefore, proposed the 
 following motion : 
 
 " The Committee shall consist of a number of members 
 equal to that of the Allied and Neutral Countries, which have 
 a well-organised official meteorological service in association 
 with the Conference." 
 
 This proposal was the subject of long discussion. 
 
 The President reminded the members that the principal role 
 of the Committee was to propose measures, which were likely 
 to receive the unanimous approval of the services. It appeared 
 probable that this would be difficult, if the Committee were very 
 numerous. . t . 
 
 M. van Everdingen remarked that if the motion of M. Jacobs 
 were adopted the number of members of the Committee would 
 increase from year to year and would probably reach 40 in ten 
 years. 
 
 M. de Quervain was of the opinion that the number of members 
 of the Committee should be increased as proposed by 
 M. Mercanton, but he feared that the automatic admission to the 
 Committee of a representative of each country would afford no 
 guarantee of the meteorological standing of the representative, 
 so that the decisions of the Committee even in administrative 
 matters might lose weight in the eyes of the meteorological world. 
 Moreover a Committee, thus constituted, would tend to overlap 
 with the Conference of Directors. 
 
 M. Ryder and also Dr. Walker spoke in favour of a limited list. 
 
 M. Eginitis declared himself a partisan of M. Jacobs' proposal 
 and drew attention to several advantages it possessed. 
 
 M. Jacobs' motion, on being put to the vote, was rejected by 22 
 votes to 12. 
 
 The President insisted anew on the fact that the choice of 
 members of the Committee ought to be determined above all by 
 
1.5 
 
 the authority which attached to the individual rather than to the 
 representative of a country. 
 
 The Conference decided by 17 votes to 10 that the International 
 Meteorological Committee should consist of 20 members and 
 unanimously that-4 places should be left vacant for the present. 
 
 Thus the list prepared by the present Conference of Directors 
 should contain 16 names. 
 
 Item 4. Hours of Observation. Item 4 of the provisional pro- 
 gramme was then discussed. 
 
 The President submitted a specimen copy of the Daily Weather 
 Report published by the Meteorological Office, London. This 
 report consists of 10 pages. -Four pages are devoted to the British 
 Section, 2 pages to charts showing observations of the upper air, 
 and the remaining 4 pages are devoted to charts giving meteoro- 
 logical conditions internationally over a wide area and to foreign 
 reports. He stated that observations at lh., 7h., 13h., and 18h. 
 are sufficient at present for the needs of aviation in England, and 
 invited the Directors of the different countries represented at the 
 Conference to state how far their Meteorological Services could 
 comply with the needs of aeronautics as set out. 
 
 M. Rouch stated that instead of the hours of observation Ih.y 
 7h., 13h. and 18h., the Inter-allied Commission of Meteorology 
 for Aerial Navigation had "recommended 3h., 9h., 15h. and 21h. 
 at the suggestion of Lt-Col. Gold. Observations at 3h. are 
 preferable to those at lh. because though they are two hours later, 
 they nevertheless reach the various aviation centres before early 
 morning flights are commenced. These hours are mentioned in 
 the agreement of the League of Nations and it appeared un- 
 desirable to depart from that decision. 
 
 The President thought that the present Conference, which had 
 an international character, might be in a position to propose 
 modifications after having taken the opinion of the representatives 
 of neutral countries. 
 
 Sir Frederic Stupart stated that the United States of America, 
 Canada and Mexico made simultaneous observations at 8h. and 
 20h. of 75th meridian time corresponding with lh. and 13h. 
 G.M.T. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Saconney stated that for aeronautical pur- 
 poses frequent observations were essential (at least 4 per day) . 
 
 M. van Everdingen thought that observations during the night 
 could not be guaranteed at all the Dutch stations. At present 
 they observe 3 times a day, 7h. , 13h. , 18h. or 19h. If it were only 
 a matter of one or two stations he thought he could find the means 
 of complying with aeronautical requirements. 
 
 Dr. Walker : In India observations are received at 8h. and from' 
 some stations also at 17h. He could not be sure of obtaining the 
 observations asked for by aeronautics except from a very limited 
 number of stations situated on aerial routes. 
 
16 
 
 MM. Hesselberg and Bjerknes stated that in Norway night 
 observations could only be obtained from a very limited number 
 of stations. At other stations only two observations were made 
 each day, and visibility had not been included in the scheme 
 of observations. 
 
 Mr. Hunt stated that the Australian Service* would require to 
 obtain additional funds to comply with the requirements of aero- 
 nautics. 
 
 Colonel Bates stated that the future development of his Service 
 was somewhat uncertain, but the autonomy of the Government 
 of New Zealand had been -recognised in the Peace Treaty ; his 
 Meteorological Service, which was also autonomous, would some 
 day play an important part and would be much developed. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 12h. 25m. 
 
 Signed : NAPIER SHAW. 
 A. AN GOT. 
 
 Fourth Meeting. Wednesday, 1st October, 1919, Afternoon. 
 
 A quarter of an hour before the meeting M. Bjerknes showed a 
 number of diagrams which he had prepared to show the relation 
 between the formation of rain and thunderstorms in Norway along 
 a line of discontinuity between a warm and a cold current. 
 
 The meeting was opened at 15h. 
 
 Hours of Observation. In continuance of the enquiry com- 
 menced at the morning meeting on the subject of the help which 
 the various services could give to aerial navigation : 
 
 M. Wallen stated that observations could not be made in Sweden 
 four times a day except at very few stations. 
 
 M. Galbis said that observations at Ih. in Spain would be 
 difficult and that the transmission of telegrams at that hour would 
 also present great difficulties, but that if the Conference put 
 forward a strong resolution it might influence favourably the 
 decision of his Government. 
 
 M. de Quervain felt certain that all that was necessary would 
 be done in Switzerland in view of the relatively small number 
 of stations which were necessary there for aviation (one or two) . 
 
 M. Rouch, in connexion with some remarks made by M. de 
 Quervain, pointed out that the International Convention of 
 Aeronautics recognised three classes of aerodromes; those of the 
 first class would be flying centres which might be called on to 
 supply meteorological observations for immediate distribution at 
 any hour. Meteorology would not fail to get its share of the 
 resources assigned to these aerodromes. 
 
 . The President remarked that continuous observations at aero- 
 nautical centres would not dispense with the necessity for con- 
 structing synoptic charts, if possible four times a day, from data 
 collected from other observing stations situated on the coast and 
 on distant headlands. 
 
17 
 
 M. Matteuzzi stated that in the present network of Italian 
 stations observations are taken three times a day only. It might 
 be completed by stations on the aerial routes where continuous 
 observation was possible. 
 
 Mr. Knox Shaw stated that the situation in Egypt was similar 
 to that in India, where observations are not all made by trained 
 observers but by persons who have to give a great part of their 
 time to other occupations. He pointed out that only one chart 
 is drawn up each day but that the demands of aviation could not 
 but help to develop the service. 
 
 M. Jaumotte assured the meeting that Belgium, faithful to the 
 engagements which it had undertaken, would do whatever was 
 possible in favour of aeronautical meteorology. The station at 
 Brussels would be organised for that object. 
 
 M. Gorczynski wa*s convinced that his country, after re-organisa- 
 ticip, would vote the necessary funds to allow the meteorological 
 service to meet international requirements. 
 
 M. Coculesco pointed out that Koumania was still at war. The 
 helr^thafc it could give to meteorology was, therefore, very limited 
 und^r present circumstances, but he was certain that when peace 
 returned the Government would furnish the necessary subsidy. 
 
 M.iEglnitis stated that regular meteorological observations are 
 carrier! out at the Observatory at Athens, and it would be in a 
 position to supply the information demanded by aeronautics. At 
 the prfesent time the difficulties of telegraphic communication were 
 such mat meterorological information came to hand with such 
 delay i(iat it was impossible to use it effectively for forecasting. 
 
 Mr. fetewart stated that, except at the Observatory of the Cape, 
 there were no stations in South Africa at which observations were 
 taken nbre than once a day. He hoped to be able to increase the 
 number vto two per day. 
 
 M. Rider thought that in Denmark it would be possible to 
 arrange Ipr four observations a day at one or two stations. This 
 would b^ sufficient to satisfy the desiderata put forward by 
 aeronautics. 
 
 Capt. Eamford stated that in Ceylon circumstances were similar 
 to those ia India. 
 
 M. Berllty stated that the Observatory at Ksara, which was very 
 favourably situated, would be able to meet the demands of 
 aeronautic! 
 
 Nomination of Special Commissions. Among the questions on 
 the programme there were some of great urgency. M. de 
 Quervain irkisted on the importance of coming to a decision with 
 regard to sone of these questions before the end of the Conference, 
 and in partiular on the codes to be used for meteorological tele- 
 grams from! reporting stations and for telegraphic forecasts. 
 M. Wallen pointed out there was also the question of regulations 
 for the transmission of reports by wireless and of the hours adopted 
 for these in tie different countries. In order to expedite the work 
 
18 
 
 the Conference agreed to refer these questions to special Corn- 
 missions with instructions to report to a subsequent meeting of the 
 full Conference. The following special Commissions were 
 nominated : 
 
 Commission on Application of Meteorology to Aerial Navigation. 
 MM. Bjerknes, Jaumotte, Hesselberg, Matteuzzi, Eouch, 
 Saconney, Knox-Shaw, Sir Napier Shaw, G. T. Walker. 
 
 Commission on Meteorological Telegraphy. MM. Angot, 
 Coculesco, Eginitis, van Everdingen, Galbis, Gorczinski, Hessel- 
 berg, de Quervain, Palazzo, Sir Napier Shaw, Sir Frederick 
 Stupart, Walker, Wallen. 
 
 Commission of Marine Meteorology. MM. Bates, van Eve - 
 dingen, Grant, Hunt, Eouch, Kyder, Sir Napier Shaw, Stewart, 
 Sir F. Stupart. 
 
 A discussion ensued, in which MM. Angot, Eouch and Ihe 
 President took part, on the subject of the codes for telegrgms 
 which in the International Convention consisted of sixteen groups 
 of figures. It \vas considered desirable that the arrangemert of 
 the information given in these groups should be such that the two 
 first groups should suffice for stations of the third order, and that 
 the first four groups, intended for use at stations of the second 
 order, should correspond with the code in use hitherto ; and listly, 
 that the supplementary groups should be specialised for stitions 
 of the first order with special reference to aerial navigation. 
 
 On the subject of wireless telegraphy M. Eouch drew attention 
 to the decisions adopted in the International Convention, viz., 
 that the transmission of reports by wireless by different oentres 
 should take place simultaneously, and that each statioi ought 
 therefore to possess as many sets of instruments as corresponded 
 with the number of messages to-be received. 
 
 All these questions were referred to the special Comnissions, 
 just appointed, for report before the end of the Conference. 
 
 Telegram from Belgrade. M. Angot communicated tie follow- 
 ing telegram which had just been received from Belgrade : 
 
 ' The Austrians and Bulgarians have destroyed or carried 
 away all the meteorological instruments of our statbns except/ 
 those at Kraguyevatz. Moreover the Austrians hsve carried 
 away our instruments from the Observatory at Belgrade and 
 have destroyed the astronomical instruments and wt have been 
 unable to reclaim them. In Serbia we are completely withoir 
 instruments for the Meteorological Service. Eoort to thp 
 Committee follows." 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 17h. 35m. 
 
 Signed : NAPER SHAW 
 A. INGOT. 
 
19 
 
 In reply to the telegram from Belgrade the following motion was 
 handed to the officers after the meeting : 
 
 " The International Meteorological Conference, profoundly 
 moved by the telegram from the Chief of the Serbian Meteoro- 
 logical Service informing it that all meteorological instruments 
 in Serbia have been systematically destroyed or taken by the 
 Austrians and Bulgarians, condemns this barbarous procedure 
 and sends to the Serbian Meteorological Service an expression 
 of its profound sympathy and expresses a hope that Austria 
 and Bulgaria may be forced to restore the devastated 
 observatories." 
 
 Signed : 
 
 ROUGH. ROTHE. COCULESCO. GEANT. 
 
 JAUMOTTE. LEBEUF. SACONNEY. RYDEE. 
 
 MATHIAS. JACOBS. PALAZZO. BEELOTY. 
 
 BATES. NAPIEE SHAW. MATTEUZZI. BUEEAU. 
 
 EGINITIS. AN GOT. WALLEN. MEEC ANTON. 
 
 Fifth Meeting : Thursday, 2nd October, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 The meeting was opened at lOh. 
 
 The minutes of the two preceding meetings were read and 
 confirmed. 
 
 Inter-Allied Convention. M. Rouch drew attention to some 
 insufficiencies in the French translation of the report of the Inter- 
 Allied Convention of Aerial Navigation, the original text of which 
 had been drafted in English . It was pointed out that the English , 
 French and Belgian editions, which are fundamentally in agree- 
 ment, show a few differences in detail. The President drew 
 attention to a reference in the English edition to paragraph 11 of 
 the code, whereas the latter only comprises 10 paragraphs in all. 
 
 Procedure. In order to expedite the work of the Conference, 
 the President read a list of the subjects on which the Commissions 
 appointed by the preceding meeting had been asked to deliberate. 
 It was arranged that the reports would be taken at the plenary 
 sitting on Saturday morning, October 4th. 
 
 The following subjects remained to be discussed in full session 
 at that meeting : 
 
 1. The changes in the international code required to comply 
 
 with the requirements of aeronautics (Aeronautical 
 Commission) . 
 
 2. Eeport on the proposals by Lt.-Col. Gold on the symbols 
 
 for rime and sleet. 
 
 3. Precision in the definition thunderstorms, lightning, etc. 
 
 4. Keport on the publications of the Eeseau Mondial, 1911, 
 
 1912, 1913 ; and preparation of a programme for future 
 work. 
 
20 
 
 5. Units of measure ; projections and scales for meteorological 
 
 charts (presented by M. Bjerknes). 
 
 6. Mountain Observatories and preparation of daily synoptic 
 
 charts for the 3,000 metre level. 
 
 7. Appointment of a Commission to report on the preparation 
 
 of an international meteorological vocabulary. 
 
 The appointment of the following permanent Commissions was 
 also reserved for the meeting on October 4th : 
 Aerial Navigation. 
 
 Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere. 
 Meteorological Telegraphy. 
 Marine Meteorology. 
 Solar Kadiation. 
 Terrestrial Magnetism. 
 Keseau Mondial. 
 
 It was agreed that the question of the appointment of a per- 
 manent international bureau should be included in the agenda of 
 the meeting. 
 
 The nomination of members of the International Meteorological 
 Committee was postponed to a subsequent meeting. The Com- 
 mittee, upon appointment, would proceed to elect its President, 
 Vice-President and Secretary. 
 
 The members accepted an invitation from M. Angot to visit the 
 Observatory at Pare St. Maur on the afternoon of Friday, 3rd 
 October. , 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 10.55 a.m. in order to allow the 
 members of the Conference to re-assemble in Commissions. 
 
 Signed : NAPIER SHAW. 
 A. ANGOT. 
 
 Sixth Meeting : Saturday, 4th October, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 The Minutes of the Meeting of Thursday, October 2nd, were 
 read and approved. 
 
 On the motion of the President, M. van Everdingen was 
 invited to act as Vice-President for the day. 
 
 The reports of the Commissions appointed at the meeting on 
 Wednesday afternoon, October 1st, were read. 
 
 Commissions on Meteorological Telegraphy and Aerial Naviga- 
 tion. M. Angot read the report of the Commission on Meteoro- 
 logical Telegraphy; M. Jaumotte that of the Commission on 
 Application of Meteorology to Aerial Navigation (see Appendices 
 II. and III.). 
 
 The principle of simultaneity of observations was approved. 
 Observations should be made every six hours at lh., 7h., 13h., 19h. 
 Mean Greenwich Time. 
 
 The President pointed out that in Great Britain the observa- 
 tion at 19h. is advanced to 18h. by reason of the limitations 
 imposed by the telegraph service. 
 
21 
 
 M. Saconney remarked that it would be preferable to adhere 
 to the system of regular observations at intervals of six hours. 
 
 M. Eginitis asked that some latitude not exceeding one hour 
 should be granted to the stations of his service. 
 
 M. Saconney remarked that it is possible to determine with 
 sufficient accuracy by interpolation the values corresponding 
 with the fixed hours, Greenwich time, from observations taken 
 four times a day. 
 
 M. Berloty said that it would be very difficult for him to 
 arrange for observations at the times specified, and that it would 
 be necessary to allow that they might be made within three 
 hours of the specified times. 
 
 The President proposed to fix a maximum interval of two hours 
 between the hour of observation and the hour of transmission of 
 collective reports from the Central Office by radio-telegraphy. 
 (Adopted.) 
 
 Commission on Marine Meteorology. M. Grant read the report 
 of the Commission on Marine Meteorology. (Appendix IV.) 
 This document having been drafted in English, a French trans- 
 lation by M. van Everdingen was attached to the Minutes. 
 
 The Commission proposed that observations of pressure made 
 at sea and communicated to Central Institutes should be reduced 
 only to the temperature of freezing point of water and to sea- 
 level, without being corrected for the variation of gravity with 
 latitude. 
 
 The President opposed this suggestion and expressed the 
 opinion that this reduction ought to be made by the observers 
 themselves in such a way that the numbers reported would 
 represent a magnitude proportional to a pressure and not a 
 length . 
 
 M. Rouch associated himself with this view on principle but 
 stated that practical experience had convinced him that baro- 
 metric observations made at sea were usually only accurate to 
 within a few millimetres, so that the correction for the variation 
 of gravity appeared to him to be superfluous. 
 
 The President, however, stood out for the necessity of cor- 
 recting for gravity, both as a matter of principle and for those 
 cases where accurate observations could be made at sea. 
 
 M. van Everdingen, while recognising the necessity for the 
 correction, pointed out that the Commission had wished to 
 facilitate the work of marine observers, who have not at their 
 disposal the facilities for such work of reduction which Meteoro- 
 logical Institutes possess. 
 
 Future Procedure. The President proposed to the Conference 
 two resolutions : 
 
 1. That all reports of Commissions be circulated to members of 
 the Conference whose names appear on the list of members 
 referred to in the Reglement, and that the Officers of the Inter- 
 national Meteorological Committee be asked to collect the opinions 
 of the Directors of Services on proposals made by Commissions. 
 
22 
 
 2. That Commissions be asked to keep in touch with one another 
 through the intermediary oi their Officers with a view to securing 
 uniformity as far as possible in the codes used for their special 
 purposes. 
 
 M. Mercanton urged that definite decisions must be arrived at 
 before the Conference dispersed on account of the urgency of 
 some of the matters involved. He therefore proposed that the 
 Reports of the Commissions should be circulated in manuscript, 
 so that a further discussion on them might take place at a later 
 meeting. 
 
 The President pointed out that it was not possible for the 
 meeting to arrive at decisions of a final character as some coun- 
 tries United States of America, etc. were not represented at 
 the Conference. Unanimity being desirable in particular in such 
 matters as the adoption of a meteorological telegraphic code, it 
 was essential to consider the question in all its bearings and to 
 provide opportunities for an exchange of views before coming to 
 a final decision. 
 
 M. Ryder associated himself with this point of view. 
 
 M. Franck raised the question of how the decisions of the 
 Commissions were to be carried out, and wished to know what 
 procedure should be followed. 
 
 The President reminded the meeting that in cases of urgency 
 an appeal might be made to the goodwill of the Directors of 
 Meteorological Services through the agency of the Committee. 
 
 M. Jacobs thought that provisional decisions should be taken 
 on matters of urgency in anticipation of the adherence of distant 
 countries not represented at the Conference. Aerial navigation 
 had pressing requirements which ought to be met without delay. 
 
 After the President had pointed out once again that Commis- 
 sions had to discuss matters of common interest to several of 
 them on which it was necessary to have the opinion of the 
 Directors, the Conference decided that the Reports of the Com- 
 missions should be circulated in manuscript to the members of 
 the Conference with a view to further discussion at a later 
 meeting. 
 
 Reseau Mondial. The President presented the volume of the 
 Reseau Mondial for the year 1913, which had been prepared by 
 the Meteorological Office in London. He stated that the volume 
 for 1914 had not yet appeared, as observations for some countries 
 had not been received. The publication had been undertaken 
 to comply with requests expressed in 1910 by the International 
 Meteorological Committee at the meeting at Berlin. In it two 
 stations were allotted to each 10 square, and the information 
 given consisted of temperature, pressure and rainfall for each 
 month of the year, with comparisons with the average values 
 for a long period. Values were given in absolute units, milli- 
 bars for pressure, temperatures reckoned from the absolute zero 
 (~273C), and millimetres for rainfall. Under this system 
 negative values are not required except for expressing departures 
 
23 
 
 from the average and for the altitudes of stations below Mean 
 Sea Level, as in Palestine and Africa. The publications had 
 been distributed to the various Meteorological Institutes. The 
 President would be glad to forward them to members of the 
 Conference w r ho wished to receive them. The publication 
 realised the aspirations so consistently advocated by M. Hilde- 
 brandsson, which were in principle the same as those to which 
 the late Teisserenc de Bort had given expression in connection 
 with a telegraphic Reseau Mondial. 
 
 Choice of Units. Mr. Walker brought forward for discussion 
 the question of the choice of units. He did not wish to enter 
 into theoretical considerations, but he expressed his preference 
 for practical reasons for the measurement of pressure in milli- 
 metres and not in millibars. He argued that that section of 
 the public which was already accustomed to millimetres would 
 riot willingly follow meteorologists in adopting new units. 
 
 He submitted the following resolution : 
 
 " That an expression of opinion on the units to be recommended 
 for adoption be invited from all countries (adopted ; see Seventh 
 Meeting, p. '24), in the hope that those units for which there 
 was a decided majority would be accepted generally. 
 
 M. Bates said that in the United States unanimity on the 
 choice of units had not been attained, but he thought it was 
 desirable to discuss this question ; but it would be premature 
 to attempt to settle it. 
 
 The President gave it as his opinion that the International 
 Meteorological Conference was not in a position to frame a satis- 
 factory resolution on this subject. The cause of the new units 
 was a good one, and the number of its supporters could not but 
 increase with time. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 12h. 30m. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 NAPIER SHAW. 
 A. AN GOT. 
 
 ; Seventh Meeting : Saturday, 4th October, 1919, Afternoon. 
 
 The meeting was opened at 15h. after a photograph of the 
 members of. the Conference had been taken. 
 
 Choice of Units (Discussion continued). M. Bjerknes advo- 
 cated the general introduction of the C.G.S. system in meteoro- 
 logy, as it would lead naturally to the definition of the unit cf 
 pressure. Pressure, when expressed as the height of a column 
 of mercury, introduces numerical co-efficients into the five 
 fundamental equations which express all the laws of meteoro- 
 logy. 
 
24 
 
 M. Jaumotte proposed that scales of barometers be gradu- 
 ated both in millimetres and millibars, the length of the 
 graduations of the millibar scale being equal to three-quarters 
 of that of the millimetre scale. 
 
 In reply to an objection by M. Angot, that pressure could 
 not be measured by length, he added that in the case of mer- 
 cury barometers readings taken in millibars had to be reduced 
 to the temperature of the freezing point of water and to the 
 level of the sea and to normal gravity, just as was done in the 
 case of readings expressed in millimetres. 
 
 The President briefly sketched the history of the adoption of 
 the millibar in England, which had not been carried through 
 without opposition. The latter had not come from the side of 
 the general public, but from the side of men of science. 
 
 M. de Quervain, while recognising the force of the theoretical 
 considerations put forward in favour of the adoption of the milli- 
 bar, saw in its application only the single practical advantage 
 of easier tracing of isobars of charts, and asked whether that 
 would compensate for the inconveniences which the change 
 would impose on Meteorological Services. 
 
 M. Galbis declared that having adopted millibars in his 
 service, it would be difficult for him to revert to millimetres. 
 
 M. Palazzo remained faithful to readings in millimetres. 
 
 The first part of the motion proposed by M. Walker was adopted, 
 (see p. 23) and the second part rejected by the Conference. 
 
 M. Mercanton criticised the word millibar, which was not 
 sufficient by itself to designate which multiple of the barye it 
 represented. It would have been preferable to call a pressure 
 of one dyne per square centimetre a barye, which would have 
 led logically to' the use of the word Kilobarye for what is now 
 called a millibar. 
 
 Pressure Units in Meteorological Telegrams. M. Knox Shaw, 
 in view of the necessity for a provisional agreement, proposed the 
 provisional adoption of the millibar as a unit for pressure in 
 meteorological telegrams. 
 
 This proposition was adopted. 
 
 Proposed Commission on General Meteorology. M. Mathias 
 brought forward a motion suggesting the formation of a Com- 
 mission on general meteorology, to which might be referred 
 questions regarding new apparatus, inventions, theories. The 
 President considered that the role of such a Commission was 
 already fulfilled by learned societies, which received and pub- 
 lished original memoirs on such subjects. 
 
 The motion, which was opposed by M. Angot, was withdrawn 
 by M. Mathias. 
 
 Commission on Agricultural Meteorology. M. Palazzo brought 
 forward a motion in favour of the creation of a special Commis- 
 sion for Agricultural Meteorology. He briefly reviewed the 
 history of this subject as follows : 
 
In view of the fact that before the war the Meteorological 
 Committee had proposed to form a special Commission for 
 Agricultural Meteorology, it is desirable to constitute a special 
 international meteorological organisation whose duties it should 
 be to supervise the application of meteorology to agriculture. 
 The initiative of the formation of this Commission came from 
 M. Louis Dop, one of the representatives of France on the Inter- 
 national Institute of Agriculture at Home. A provisional Com- 
 mission, consisting of MM. Angot (France), Louis Dop (France), 
 Brounoff (Eussia), Bornstein (Germany) and Palazzo (Italy), 
 was appointed and drew up a provisional programme. This Com- 
 mission met in Paris in 1912, and its proposals were considered 
 by the International Meteorological Committee at Eome in 1913. 
 The Commission would have been definitely appointed if the war 
 had not supervened. 
 
 He moved the following resolution : 
 
 It is desirable that the proposal for the nomination of a 
 Commission on Agricultural Meteorology, initiated in 1912 
 by the provisional Commission at Paris, receive the sanction 
 of the International Meteorological Committee. 
 
 This proposition was adopted by the Conference. 
 
 Scales and Projections for Charts. M. Bjerknes gave an 
 account of the principles which should guide the selection of scales 
 and projections in the construction of Meteorological Charts. (See 
 Appendix I.). 
 
 Nomination of Committee and Commissions. The meeting 
 then proceeded to the election of the members of the Committee 
 and to the appointment of Commissions. 
 
 Committee. On the proposal of the President the following 
 members of the former Committee were elected by acclamation : 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw (Great Britain), MM. Palazzo (Italy), Chaves 
 (Portugal), Nakumura (Japan), Angot (France), Maurer 
 (Switzerland), Sir Frederick Stupart (Canada), van Everdingen 
 (Holland), Kyder (Denmark), Walker (India), Marvin (United 
 States) . 
 
 A ballot was then taken for the election of five additional mem- 
 bers from a list prepared by the Officers. The following were 
 elected, 33 members of the Conference being present to record 
 their votes: MM. Jaumotte (30), Hesselberg (24), Hunt (24), 
 Eginitis (18). Then followed MM. Gorczynski (16), Bates (14), 
 Galbis (13), Wallen (13), Stewart (9), Coculesco (5). 
 
 A second ballot having given no result as to the election of a 
 fifth member of the Committee, no member having secured more 
 than half the votes cast, the Conference decided that the number 
 of places left over to be filled at a later date should be increased 
 from four to five. 
 
'26 
 
 Commissions. The Conference proceeded to the nomination of 
 the following Commissions : 
 
 Agricultural Meteorology. President : M. Angot. 
 Meteorological Telegraphy. President : Lieutenant-Colonel 
 
 Gold. 
 
 Marine Meteorology . President : M. van Everdingen. 
 Solar Radiation. President : M. Maurer. 
 Application of Meteorology to Aerial Navigation. President : 
 
 Lieutenant-Colon-el Saconney. 
 Reseau Mondial. President : Sir Napier Shaw. 
 Investigation of the Upper Atmosphere. President: M. 
 
 Bjerknes. 
 
 The membership of these Commissions is given in Appendix V. 
 (p. 46). 
 
 Attention was drawn to the fact that Commissions have power 
 to co-opt additional members and that their nomination by the 
 Conference merely fixes their initial membership, but is not in- 
 tended to limit it in any way. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 17h. 30m. 
 
 Signed : NAPIEE SHAW. 
 A. ANGOT. 
 
 Eighth Meeting. Monday, 6th October, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 The meeting was opened at lOh. 
 
 The President invited Sir Frederic Stupart to be Vice- 
 . President for the day. 
 
 It was announced that the meeting would terminate at llh. in 
 order to give the International Committee an opportunity of 
 meeting. 
 
 Mountain Observatories : A discussion was opened on the pro- 
 position of utilising observations from mountain observatories for 
 'the purpose of constructing charts representing the state of the 
 atmosphere at a height of 3,000 metres. 
 
 M. Angot pointed out that the altitude of the highest observa- 
 tory in France, that of Pic du Midi, was 2,860 metres, that of 
 Mont Ventoux, which came next, was only 1,900 metres high. 
 It .seemed, therefore, that the observations which such observa- 
 tories could supply would not make it possible to construct charts 
 for a higher level than 2,000 metres. 
 
 M. Hesselberg was of opinion .that the data on these charts 
 w ? ould always be very uncertain, and Dr. Walker pointed out 
 that the balloons used in India are not provided with recording 
 barographs. 
 
 Sir Frederic Supart stated that in Canada there was only one 
 ^station of sufficient elevation to enable its data to be used. 
 
 1ST. (ralbis stated that the observatory at Teneriffe was in a 
 position to offer opportunities for research to foreign scientists. 
 
27 
 
 M. van Everdingen pointed out that in Holland experience had 
 proved the great value of ascents of aeroplanes equiped with self- 
 recording meteorological instruments which could reach heights 
 greater than 3,000 metres. In the future the number of observa- 
 tions made in this way would greatly exceed the number made 
 at mountain stations. There would be no difficulty in reducing 
 the results to the 3,000 metres level. 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw, in summarising the discussion, considered 
 that the question was not sufficiently advanced for a decision to 
 be taken at the present time, and suggested that the study of the 
 consideration of the question might be referred to the Commission 
 on Meteorological Telegraphy. 
 
 International Meteorological Vocabulary. There remained on 
 the Agenda Paper the preparation of International Meteoro- 
 logical Vocabulary. 
 
 M. Eouch read a note from M. Rollet de 1'Isle asking that a 
 Commission should be appointed for the purpose of preparing an 
 International Meteorological Vocabulary, and that this Commis- 
 sion should also be consulted in connexion with the adoption 
 of any new words which might be required to define new ideas 
 The author asked that scientific work should be published in the 
 native tongue of the author and also in an international language : 
 Esperanto. 
 
 M. Angot pointed out that if this Commission were appointed 
 it ought to include M. Talman, who had spent considerable time 
 on similar questions. The question was not a new one as Sir 
 Napier Shaw had already remarked. It had been submitted to? 
 the Congress at Rome in 1879. 
 
 In connexion with the use of an international auxiliary language 
 M. Angot remarked that it would be necessary first to have 
 a language which was universally accepted, which was not the 
 case at present. There were, as a matter of fact, several competing 
 proposals. 
 
 M. Berloty suggested that this dictionary should give precise : 
 definitions of meteorological terms and* phenomena. As to the 
 objection that the same phenomenon does not always present 
 itself in the same manner in various parts of the world, M. Berloty 
 opined that a complex phenomenon being produced by a con- 
 currence of simple phenomena, the vocabulary should limit itself 
 to defining the simple elements which contributed to the formation 
 of complex phenomena. 
 
 M. van Everdingen thought that a translation of the Meteoro- 
 logical Glossary, prepared by the Meteorological Office, London, 
 into different languages would serve as a basis for this dictionary. 
 
 M. Rouch supported this proposition and eulogised the work. 
 
 Captain Franck was of the opinion that the Japanese and 
 Chinese languages should figure in this collection. 
 
 The President considered that the study of these proposals 
 should be referred to the Commission on Application of 
 Meteorology to Aerial Navigation. 
 
28 
 
 The Conference adopted the following proposal by M. van 
 Everdingen in order to facilitate the realisation of this project : 
 
 " The Conference requests the Directors of Meteorological 
 Services to facilitate the preparation of an International 
 Meteorological Dictionary by sending to the Bureau of the 
 Committee the translation in their own language of the 
 meteorological terms contained in the Meteorological Glossary 
 issued by the Meteorological Office, London." 
 
 M. Eouch asked that a date should be fixed for the preparation 
 of this translation in order to avoid too great a delay. It was, 
 therefore, agreed that the translation should be supplied in the 
 course of the year 1920. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 11 hours 30 minutes. 
 
 Signed: NAPIER SHAW. 
 A. ANGOT. 
 
 Ninth Meeting : Monday, 6th October, 1919, Afternoon. 
 
 The meeting was opened at 15 hours. 
 
 The discussion on the reports of the Commissions appointed 
 on the afternoon of Wednesday, 1st October, were resumed. 
 
 Commission on Aerial Navigation. After the reading of the 
 report of the Commission on Aerial Navigation, Dr. Walker asked 
 that further particulars be given regarding the coefficient of pro- 
 bability which was to be attached to the forecasts. 
 
 Captain Franck pointed out that this matter, which had an 
 important bearing on the safety of a long-distance flight, had 
 been considered by the International Aeronautical Conference. 
 
 M. van Everdingen stated that in Holland an estimate of the 
 probability of rain is contained in the forecast issued by his service 
 by using the nomenclature : 
 
 Probable. Highly Probable. Certain. 
 
 These expressions correspond to the probabilities, 
 
 50 per cent. 80 per cent. 100 per cent. 
 
 M. Mercanton considered that the discussions should not go 
 beyond generalities. He laid stress on the interest which the 
 Meteorological Guide, recommended by the Commission, would 
 possess for each country. As regards the issue of forecasts every 
 six hours covering a period of 24 hours, a distinction should be 
 drawn between forecasts intended for the general public and those 
 intended for aviators. The general public wishes to know r above 
 all things whether it will rain or not. Aviators put forward much 
 greater demands which it is important to satisfy. Forecast ser- 
 vices ought to adapt themselves without delay to the new demands. 
 If they do not it is to be feared that other organisations, which 
 will overlap the present ones, will be started. 
 
29 
 
 The President briefly summarised the requirements of aerial 
 navigation as they presented themselves to him. The reseau of 
 stations should be organised in such a way that it may be possible 
 for an aviator about to take a flight to obtain (1) present weather 
 conditions along the route to be traversed, (2) a forecast for the 
 ensuing six hours : such forecast to include the probability of 
 changes in the various meteorological elements (fog, surface wind, 
 etc.), which are capable of undergoing sudden changes. This 
 might be achieved by using data obtained from meteorological 
 stations attached to aerodromes, where observations would have 
 to be made in any case, and from stations forming part of reseau 
 organised for observing special conditions arising out of the topo- 
 graphy of the country, or (3) a general forecast for the ensuing 
 24 hours. 
 
 Captain Franck was of the opinion that these requirements 
 were similar to those expressed in the report of the Commission. 
 The forecast issued every six hours and covering a period of 24 
 hours would include references to changes immediately expected, 
 possibly within the ensuing six hours ; the essential thing was to 
 organise effective means for the rapid distribution of the forecasts. 
 Badio-telegraphy might play an important part in this. 
 
 M. Mercanton proposed the following motion : 
 
 " The Conference of Directors adopts the report of the 
 Commission on the Application of Meteorology to Aerial 
 Navigation as a basis for the future organisation of inter- 
 national meteorology to meet the requirements of aeronautics. " 
 
 Adopted. 
 
 It was decided that this report should be included in the minutes 
 of the meeting. (Appendix II.) 
 
 M. Lasserre proposed the following motion : 
 
 " The Conference invites the Governments to put their 
 meteorological services in a position to satisfy all requirements 
 of aviation." 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Matteuzzi and M. Coculesco desired that this motion 
 should be completed by the addition of the words : ' ' and if 
 necessary, with the assistance of the military authorities." 
 
 M. Jaiimotte thought it desirable to add : ' ' with the collabora- 
 tion of the Ministries of War." The Conference followed this 
 advice, and the following text was adopted : 
 
 " The Conference invites the Governments to put their 
 meteorological services in a position to satisfy the needs of 
 aviation, and to have resource, if necessary, to collaboration 
 with the Ministries of War." 
 
 At the request of M. Kouch, M. Angot undertook to try to 
 arrange for each member of the Conference to have a copy of 
 the text of the Convention regarding international aerial naviga- 
 tion, to which reference had been made in the discussion of the 
 Commission. 
 
30 
 
 Commissions on Meteorological Telegraphy and Marine 
 Meteorology. The reports of the Commission of Meteorological 
 Telegraphy and the. Commission of Marine Meteorology were then 
 read and adopted, r -K was agreed that they should appear in the 
 minutes. (Appendix III. and IV.) 
 
 Several motions were then presented : 
 
 1. Maintenance of Continuity. By Mr. Hunt. H In the 
 opinion of the Conference it is essential that meteorological 
 observations should be continued under the same conditions of 
 site and exposure in order that normal values determined for 
 the stations should not be subject to alteration or interrup- 
 tion/' 
 
 M. Angot added that if change was absolutely necessary com- 
 parative observations should be made for a period of at least two 
 years for the old and new conditions. 
 
 -" Vj'j,*'' - *fj'j": 
 
 2. Use of Wireless for Reports from Tunis and Tripoli. 
 By Mr. Knox Shaw. " With a view to the development of 
 the air routes between Europe and the East, it is very im- 
 portant that the observations from Tunis and Tripoli should 
 be transmitted by wireless telegraphy of sufficient power to be 
 received in Egypt." 
 
 M. Angot suggested that the following additions should be 
 made to this : " Similar arrangements should be made in all 
 other cases where they would be of service to aerial navigation." 
 
 These motions were adopted with the proposed amendments. 
 
 Permanent International Meteorological Bureau. The Presi- 
 dent suggested that the International Meteorological Committee 
 should be invited to discuss the question of the creation of a 
 permanent international meteorological bureau which should dis- 
 pose of international funds. This question was referred to the 
 Committee. 
 
 Report of the International Meteorological Committee. The 
 
 President communicated the decisions taken by the Committee 
 in their meeting held during the morning. 
 
 TKe following officers had been elected : 
 President : Sir Napier Shaw. 
 Vice-President : M. Angot. 
 Secretary : M. van Everdingen. 
 
 Additional Commissions. The Committee had decided on the 
 formation of two additional Commissions, viz. : 
 
 Commission on Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric 
 Electricity. (President, M. Angot, Secretary, M. van 
 Everdingen.) 
 
 Polar Commission. (President, Sir Napier Shaw.) See 
 Appendix V. 
 
31 
 
 In connection with the latter Commission, the President stated 
 that M. Krogness had constructed simplified magnetic instruments 
 for use on polar* expeditions", and that these instruments were on 
 view in the adjoining room. 
 
 International symbols. The Committee recommended the 
 continuance of the symbol V for rime and the adopting of the 
 following new symbols : 
 
 Sleet. (Rain and Snow.) 
 
 Mirage. 
 A Exceptional visibility. 
 
 The Conference confirmed the use of these symbols. 
 
 , , , , . 
 
 Definition of Thunderstorms. The question of a precise 
 definition of thunderstorms was deferred for further consideration. 
 
 Votes of Thanks. The Agenda having been completed the 
 President thanked the Assembly for the goodwill which it had 
 extended to him. He congratulated it on the large amount of 
 work which it had accomplished, which would form a starting 
 point for further progress in international meteorology in the year 
 of the conclusion of the Great War. 
 
 M. Mercanton thanked M. Angot and M. Dongier for the 
 rapidity with which they had circulated the minutes of the 
 meetings, and M. Angot in particular for the efforts which he had 
 made for the convenience and comfort of the delegates while in 
 Paris. 
 
 A list of the Commissions recommended and appointed is 
 appended to the minutes of the meetings. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 17 hours 15 minutes. 
 
 Signed : NAPIER SHAW. 
 A. ANGOT. 
 
32 
 APPENDICES. 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 
 PROPOSALS REGARDING PROJECTIONS AND SCALES RECOM- 
 MENDED FOR METEOROLOGICAL CHARTS. 
 
 By M. BJERKNES. 
 
 Meteorological Services are at present using very different projections 
 and scales for their charts, with the result that many investigations, which 
 would be quite simple if it were possible to superpose and juxtapose the 
 charts of the neighbouring countries, are rendered very laborious. It is, 
 therefore, very desirable to secure agreement as to the use of the same pro- 
 jections and scale for analogous purposes. For this reason I beg leave to 
 ask the Conference to pass a resolution which may guide future develop- 
 ments in the direction of securing uniformity of projection and scale, and 
 to submit the following suggestions : 
 
 I. General Principles. The projection adopted for meteorological 
 charts should satisfy the following requirements : 
 
 (a) The meridians should be rectilinear. 
 (6) The projection should be conformable. 
 
 (c) The distortion of the scale should be as small as possible in relation 
 to the extent of the area represented. 
 
 II. Special Projections. In conformity with these general principles r 
 the three following projections are recommended : 
 
 (a) For Polar regions : Projection on a plane intersecting the parallel 
 
 of 75. 
 (6) For Temperate Latitudes: Projection on a cone intersecting the 
 
 parallels of 30 and 60. 
 (c) For Equatorial Regions: Projection on a cylinder intersecting the 
 
 parallels of 15. 
 
 III. Scale. The use of Scale 1:10,000,000 is recommended whenever 
 possible. 
 
 For work covering a wide area the scale 1:20,000,000 might 
 also be used. For detailed work the scales 1 : 5, 000, 000, .and 
 1 : 2,500,000 are recommended. 
 
 Meteorological Services should be urged to apply these prin- 
 ciples whenever an opportunity offers for revising the form of 
 their charts. 
 
 NOTES ON THE PROPOSALS SET OUT IN THE PRECEDING 
 PARAGRAPHS. 
 
 . la. Most meteorological charts used in Europe have rectilinear meri- 
 dians. If this condition is satisfied very useful mechanical devices can be 
 adopted for the accurate plotting of figures, symbols or wind arrows, or for 
 facilitating graphic work on the charts. 
 
 16. The charts of the English Daily Weather Service and several of the 
 charts used in the Norwegian Service satisfy the condition of conformity. 
 True wind directions can only be plotted without error on charts which 
 satisfy this condition. If the linear scale error be noted against each 
 meridian, as is done in the new Norwegian charts, all difficulties arising 
 from errors of projection, can be easily allowed for, qualitatively or quan- 
 titatively. For this reason such charts are the only ones which lend them- 
 selves to the rigorous mathematical treatment of observations. 
 
 II. The plane, cone and cylinder have been selected as intersecting rather 
 than tangential in order to satisfy condition Ib as far as possible. 
 
33 
 
 If the parallels of 67 and 22 be adopted as limits between the different 
 projections the scale error nowhere exceeds 5 per cent., whereas it increases 
 to nearly twice this value in part of the map if a tangential plane cone and 
 cylinder be selected. A chart of the whole world on the scale of I : 10,000,000 
 can be set out on 26 sheets each measuring 50 by 50 centimetres. 
 
 Most of the countries in the Northern Hemisphere which possess a 
 meteorological service are situated in latitudes for which the conical pro- 
 jection is very favourable. Norway is one of the exceptions, for it is neces- 
 sary in her case to extend the conical projection slightly into the region for' 
 which the polar projection is preferable. 
 
 III. The scale 1 : 10, 000,000 is used in the charts of the United States and 
 Great Britain. This scale is used also in the charts adopted by the Nor- 
 wegian Service for plotting observations for a wide area. For more 
 detailed work the scale 1:2,500,000 is used. 
 
 If the various services could arrange to exchange copies of similar de- 
 tailed charts, or to help each other to complete them we should obtain an 
 excellent groundwork for the careful study of meteorological situations and 
 their developments. 
 
 APPENDIX II. 
 
 COMMISSION ON APPLICATION OF METEOROLOGY TO AERIAL 
 
 NAVIGATION. 
 
 Minutes of Meetings on the afternoon of Thursday and the morning of 
 Friday, October 2nd and 3rd. 
 
 The Commission on the application of meteorology to aerial navigation 
 elected Lt. -Colonel Saconney as President, and M. Jauraotte secretary, and 
 co-opted MM. Bjerknes, Jacobs, Mathias and Mercanton. 
 
 It denned the scope of its activities as follows : The definition of the re- 
 quirements of aerial navigation without entering into details and without 
 considering questions of pure meteorology, and the question of the trans- 
 mission of information only in a form which from the nature of the case, 
 does not present insoluble problems. 
 
 The Commission examined the concrete case of an aviator desiring to 
 undertake a long-distance flight over the territory of several nations. It 
 is essential that he should have at his disposal: 
 
 1. General information regarding the meteorology of the countries 
 
 which he has to cross. 
 
 2. A weather forecast covering the ensuing 24 hours. 
 
 3. A forecast for a short period and information regarding the actual 
 weather conditions along his itinerary. 
 
 These three points were next considered at greater length. 
 
 1. General Information. This problem might be dealt with by the pre- 
 paration in each country of a " Meteorological Guide for Aerial Navi- 
 gation." This Guide should be practical and avoid scientific terminology, 
 for it must be kept within the range of all aviators, many of whom hav.e no 
 technical knowledge of meteorology. Each State should prepare a pro- 
 visional guide on these lines. These preliminary works should be sent to 
 the Commission, which after examining them should return them with a 
 list of appendices and tables which each work should contain in order to be 
 complete and to preserve uniformity of method. 
 
 The following bibliography should be consulted : 
 
 1. Instructions Nautiques de la Marine fran9aise. 
 
 2. Weather of the British Coasts. Meteorological Office. London. 
 
 No. 230. 
 
 3. The climate of the Eastern Mediterranean. (Admiralty I.D. 1117.) 
 
 2. Forecast for 24 hours. Aerial navigation requires something of 
 greater precision than given by the forecast at present issued. To attain 
 to this result it appears indispensable to divide countries of which the 
 
 29106 B 
 
climate is not uniform into climatological regions. The Forecast Office for 
 the district should draw up the forecast for the zone which concerned 
 it. For countries of large area, this organization would limit itself 
 to the regions crossed by the international air-routes. This sub- 
 division is indispensable because the forecast should be based not 
 only on the readings of instruments distributed over a large* part of the 
 globe, but also on the special experience of local forecasters of their own 
 particular area. 
 
 The Commission considered that aerial navigation would require four 
 forecasts daily or more precisely that a forecast should be issued every six 
 hours covering a period of 24 hours. This proposal would bring with it 
 some complication, but form the essential basis of security. 
 
 The hours of observation should be lh., 7h., 13h., 19h. (18h.). The 
 anomaly which the choice of 18h. in place of 19h. presents (see Interna- 
 tional Convention for Aerial Navigation) does not introduce appreciable 
 inconvenience. 
 
 The preceding considerations led the Commission to propose the following 
 scheme of organization : 
 
 Let A be the central office of a country, a, b, c, the district forecast 
 centres lying along the international air-routes. At the hour H, a, b, c, 
 make their observations as also do the stations of the 2nd and 3rd 
 order, x, y, z, which are in connection with them. 
 
 The latter transmit their observations respectively? to a, b, c, by such 
 means as they may have at their disposal. After selection (if necessary), 
 a, b, c, transmit the observations to the central office A, by processes which 
 have not been fixed. Thus a district forecast based on the present state 
 of the weather and 011 data for the hour H may be prepared. This forecast 
 should also take into account all information that may have been received 
 from other sources. Once in possession of these d^ata( the central office 
 A should transmit them without modification by w r ireless telegraphy (long 
 range). 
 
 By this procedure the district forecasts would as a general rule be based 
 to a large extent on observations made six hours earlier, and would there- 
 fore cover a period of only 18 hours. It is desirable that the district fore- 
 cast centres should be near the aerodromes, better still, actually at the 
 aerodromes. In every case it will be necessary to establish rapid and sure 
 communication between these organizations. 
 
 The form of these forecasts is defined by the international Convention 
 for Aerial Navigation. These forecasts ought to be weighted by a coefficient 
 of probability. 
 
 3. Forecasts lor short periods and present weather. The complete 
 realisation of the requirements set out in paragraph 2 would render forecasts 
 for short periods practically unnecessary and would reduce the importance 
 of a knowledge of present weather along the air-route. 
 
 In the event of the aerial traffic in any country assuming large dimensions, 
 it is certain that the Companies concerned would organise a rapid system 
 of communication between the aerodromes (special telephonic or wireless 
 station) for the communication of information on the present weather con- 
 ditions. But for contiguous areas which are separated by international 
 frontiers it would be necessary for the Governments to authorise communica- 
 tion by wireless telegraphy between aerodromes or district forecast centres 
 by means of stations of short range, which would not cause any incon- 
 venience to stations having a long range. 
 
 Unexpected meteorological changes ought to be reported immediately 
 by aerodromes or district forecast centres if they appear to be of importance 
 for aerial navigation. 
 
35 
 
 APPENDIX III. 
 
 COMMISSION ON METEOROLOGICAL TELEGRAPHY. 
 Minutes of the First Meeting, Thursday, 2nd October, 1919. 
 
 The meeting was opened at lOh. 
 
 M. Angot was elected President of the Commission. 
 
 M. Angot presented the programme proposed by Sir Napier Shaw, and 
 also the following documents : (1) Minutes of the Conference in London, 
 (2) Proposed changes in the international code, (3) Suggestions by the 
 British Admiralty. 
 
 1. Information to be transmitted. M. Wallen considered that the 
 information given in the past sufficed for the needs of general meteorology 
 and proposed that nothing should be decided as regards additions to 
 be made to the code to meet the requirements of aviation, until the 
 requirements of the Commission 011 the application of Meteorology to 
 Aerial Navigation had been formulated. 
 
 M. Angot proposed that the telegram from each station should consist 
 of two parts ; the first dealing with general meteorology, the second giving 
 the special information required by aerial navigation. He thought that 
 the same observation might appear in the two parts of the message (in 
 simple form in the first part, and in greater detail in the second). The 
 Commission decided to fix the form of the first part of the message in 
 consultation with the Commission on application of Meteorology to Aerial 
 Navigation, and to leave the form of the second part of the message 
 entirely at the disposal of the latter Commission. 
 
 2. Methods Of Transmission. M. de Quervain thought that it was in- 
 dispensable to have a summary of the present arrangements for the 
 circulation of reports by ordinary telegraphy and by wireless telegraphy. 
 It was necessary to be clear as to the existing arrangements before taking 
 up new subjects. M. Angot pointed out that it was impossible at the 
 moment to forecast what facilities would be available for the transmission 
 of weather reports by telegraphy or wireless under peace conditions. It 
 was quite certain that the Meteorological Services would not continue 
 to enjoy the immense facilities which military services had possessed. 
 
 Lieut. Bureau reported on the experience of the last six months in 
 France in- the transmission of information by telegram, telephone and by 
 wireless. The French Military Service had used all three means during 
 this period, especially wireless telegraphy. Lieut. Bureau recommended 
 the widest possible use of wireless telegraphy as ordinary line telegraphy 
 occupied so much time. 
 
 MM. Angot and Eginitis drew attention to the inconveniences of the 
 telegraphic method and put in a plea for the widest possible use of wireless 
 telegraphy. In Greece a forecasting service is quite out of the question 
 without that. 
 
 The Commission requested the Conference to demand from Governments 
 the necessary radio-telegraphic facilities. 
 
 M. Angot pointed out that the Peace Conference had already considered 
 this question and that the results arrived at were set out in its minutes 
 EU F GB I, Conference interallied de radiotelegraphie, Annex VI. 
 The Commission considered these minutes. It was thought that there 
 would be great difficulty in centralising the information required for 
 telegram A within an hour and a half. 
 
 M. Galbis proposed that each aerodrome should have a wireless station 
 attached to it, and that this wireless station should be charged with the duty 
 of transmitting to the central bureau the observations on which telegram A 
 was based. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 12h. 30m. 
 
 29106 B 2 
 
36 
 
 COMMISSION ON METEOROLOGICAL TELEGRAPHY. 
 
 Minutes of the Second Meeting, Thursday, October 2nd, 1919, 
 
 Afternoon. 
 Consideration of Codes. 
 
 The meeting was opened at 15h. 
 
 The Commission proceeded to discuss Codes. 
 
 M. Angot expressed the desire that the first groups should contain all 
 information indispensable for general forecasting, the following groups 
 to refer specially to aerial navigation. It was agreed that the Commission 
 should consider only the form of the first part, leaving the remainder to 
 be fixed by the Commission on the Application of Meteorology to Aerial 
 Navigation. 
 
 M. Goutereau proposed that a distinction be drawn between observa- 
 tories which took four observations a day, and those which only took one. 
 
 M. de Quervain asked for a group of five figures giving the form and 
 velocity of upper cloud. 
 
 M. Hesselberg asked for the inclusion of groups giving the hours of 
 commencement and ending of rainfall. 
 
 The Commission considered these two proposals. 
 
 M. Wal!en gave an example of a fifth group used in Sweden at different 
 hours. 
 
 In order to hasten the discussion, M. Angot proposed the examination of 
 the code group by group. 
 
 1st Group. Pressure and Wind direction. BBBDD. 
 
 Accepted unanimously. 
 
 2nd Group. F Wind Force. Accepted. 
 
 The figure for the state of the sky * c ' raised a discussion, on the 
 result of which it was agreed to replace ' c ' by two figures ww, thus 
 adopting in principle the form of the second group suggested in the 
 Convention of the Peace Treaty relating to international aerial navigation. 
 
 TT Temperature. The two figures were adopted by a majority. M. 
 Hesselberg made a reservation and thought that three figures were re- 
 quired and that temperature should be given to tenths of a degree. 
 
 Finally for the second group the form FwwTT was accepted in 
 reservation of the more detailed consideration of ww. 
 
 3rd Group. /3BB were accepted for the first three figures, the Greek 
 letter (3 which was unknown to many observers being replaced by c. 
 
 The last two figures raised a discussion regarding the inclusion of MM 
 maximum and mm minimum temperature, and the amount of rainfall PP. 
 This discussion led to the following conclusion : 
 
 Maximum and minimum temperature have special interest in telegraphic 
 reports which give only one observation a day in place of four. The 
 information is valuable for special purposes (Agriculture) and it is not 
 necessary to communicate it telegraphically in an international service. 
 
 The Commission insisted on the difference between the international 
 code and national codes which latter may contain supplementary groups 
 required to meet the special needs of the individual countries. MM and 
 mm should form part of the information included in the national codes. 
 
 For the two last figures of the group the Commission proposed the 
 amount of rainfall PP which had fallen in the twelve hours preceding 
 the observation at 7h. and 18h., the two figures summarising the weather 
 oxperienced during the interval of six or twelve hours preceding the 
 observation. 
 
 The form of the third group is therefore 
 
 cbbPP for the observation at 7h. and perhaps 18h., and 
 cbbWW for the two other observations (Ih. and 13h.). 
 
 4th Group. M. Hesselberg desired to have the hour of commencement 
 and ending of rainfall included in this. A discussion arose on this subject 
 (Service of squall warnings in France Lieut. Bureau Forecasting of 
 thunderstorms in Switzerland by M. de Quervain). 
 
37 
 
 The Commission came to the conclusion that special information should 
 be regarded as being in the category of national reports which might be, 
 exchanged between neighbouring countries but that it should not form 
 part of the international telegrams. The Commission adopted for thi 
 first four figures of the group 
 
 NNN'N' NN giving the form and direction of lower cloud 
 N'N' giving the form and direction of upper cloud. 
 
 The fifth figure should give the state of the sea. 
 
 Home members asked that this figure should give the time of com- 
 mencement and ending of rain at inland stations. 
 
 The remaining groups were reserved for the special needs of aviation. 
 
 Hours of Observation. The Commission considered the proposi- 
 tion of Lt.-Colonel Gold (observations at local time). The majority of the 
 Commission was of the opinion that simultaneous observations should be 
 made. M. Eginitis made some remarks on this subject. 
 
 The Commission thought that it would be disastrous to replace 
 observations at In., 7h., 13h., and 18h., by ones at 3h., 9h., 15h., and 21h. 
 
 It considered also that it was not possible to replace the observation at 
 18h. by one at 19h. (practical reasons). 
 
 Delay in Transmission of Reports. The Commission thought that there 
 
 would be great difficulty in collecting the observations required for 
 Report A which was to be issued 1^ hours after the observation. They 
 considered that the Conference ought to do all it could to obtain from the 
 respective Governments the facilities necessary for obtaining this result. 
 
 M. de Quervain cited the case of Switzerland where other matters of 
 less importance than meteorology (time signals and seismology) interrupt 
 telephonic communication. Also in the United States the telegraph lines 
 are, during certain periods of the day, reserved exclusively for meteoro- 
 logical reports. It would be indispensable to obtain from the European 
 Governments a similar concession. M. Hesselberg remarked that it would 
 be indispensable for Norway to have reports from Iceland added to 
 Report A. 
 
 The Commission, in conclusion, put on record that it was necessary to 
 demand from Governments the facilities necessary to secure the most 
 rapid transmission of reports. 
 
 The principal facilities were specified wireless posts to be reserved at 
 specified hours of the day for distribution of meteorological information, 
 telegraphic lines to be reserved for meteorological use during specified in- 
 tervals, and satisfactory facilities for the despatch of the reports from the 
 observing stations to the respective central offices. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 17h. 50m. 
 
 CODE USED IN SWITZERLAND FOR REPORTING THE FORM, 
 DIRECTION AND VELOCITY OF CLOUDS. 
 
 In the internal service of reports in Switzerland the form and direction 
 of clouds are reported by two groups of two figures : 
 
 NN N'N' 
 
 The first NN specifies the form and direction of the predominant cloud 
 form at the hour of observation, the second N'N' specifies the same 
 elements for other cloud forms of less extent. The code is as follows: 
 Cloud Form. Direction. 
 
 No cloud None, or cloud stationary 
 
 1 Ci, Ci-St. N.E. 
 
 2 Ci-Cu, A-Cu E. 
 
 3 A-St. S.E. 
 
 4 St.-Cu S. 
 
 5 Nb S.W. 
 
 6 Cu W. 
 
 7 Fr-Cu .N.W. 
 
 8 St. N. 
 
 9 Cu-Nb ^o observation. 
 
 29106 B 3 
 
38 
 
 For example: 
 
 1764 Ci-St. from N.W., Cu. from South. 
 
 9600 Cu-Nb from W., no other cloud. 
 
 9999 Clouds not observed. 
 
 Cloud speed is reported by the second of the figures ww of the second 
 group. Figure 7 is used for reporting very high velocity, figure 8 for 
 very low velocity. The absence of one or other of these figures indicates 
 that the velocity is moderate. The specification of velocity refers to the 
 highest cloud layer noted ; for lower clouds the force of the wind at the 
 surface gives sufficient indication. 
 
 If observations made at the fixed hours are not available, observations 
 made one or two hours earlier may be reported. It is understood that 
 these observations are only to be made by adequately trained observers 
 who are provided with nephoscopes. 
 
 The appropriate figure for reporting cloud speed may be selected, 
 according to the type of cloud, from the following values of relative 
 velocity reduced to the level of 1,000m. 
 
 Very low. Moderate. Very high. 
 Upper clouds Ci, Ci-St 
 
 less than 2m /s 2-4m/s greater than 4m /s 
 Medium clouds Ci-Cu, A-Cu, A-St. 
 
 less than 3m /s 4-8m/s ,, ,, 8m/s 
 Low clouds Cu, Nb. 
 
 less than 4m /s 4-20m/s ,, ,, 20m /s 
 
 The figures ww in the second group of the morning message are used in 
 Switzerland to indicate the weather at the time of observation (present 
 weather). The code is as follows: 
 
 The first figure has retained the significance of the old international 
 code 0= cloudless, 5= rain, etc. 
 
 The second figure, which is to some extent optional; is used for reporting 
 special phenomena, thus: 
 
 0= Unusually good visibility. 
 
 l = Very thick mist (1,000 metres). 
 
 2= Clouds extend down to very low level (less than 300 metres above 
 the ground). 
 
 3= Layer of high fog at least 300 metres above ground level. 
 
 4= Squally. 
 
 5= Heavy precipitation (showers) thundery tendency. 
 
 6= Snow lying (persistent) (in reports at 13 h.). 
 
 7= Speed of upper clouds very high. 
 
 8= Speed of upper clouds slight. 
 
 9= None of the phenomena indicated by figures 0-8. 
 
 The weather anterior to the observation (past weather) is reported b> 
 the two figures WW in the telegrams for Ih. and 13h., and sometimes 
 also at 18h. In Switzerland it is preferred to give at 18h. a summary of 
 the weather of the afternoon, and at Ih. an indication of the amount of 
 ram collected during the interval 7h. to 18h. The code used for the first 
 figure is as follows (Norwegian code, London Report, M.O. 237, 
 pp. 40-41) : 
 
 0= Chiefly clear weather, without precipitation. 
 
 1 = Chiefly overcast weather, without precipitation. 
 
 2= Chiefly mist or fog without precipitation. 
 
 3= Distant thunder and lightning without rainfall at the station. 
 
 4 = One or more light rain showers (snow showers). 
 
39 
 
 5 = One or a few squalls of rain (snow). 
 
 6 = Thunder and lightning with precipitation. 
 
 7= Frequent squalls of rain (snow) with gleams of sunshine. 
 
 8 = Frequent squalls of rain (snow) without gleams of sunshine. 
 9= Steady rainfall (snowfall). 
 
 In Switzerland we should like to modify this code by introducing a 
 combination intermediate between and 1 to stand for " moderate 
 cloudiness, without precipitation." Space might be found for this by 
 amalgamating code figures 4 and 5 or 7 and 8. 
 
 Lastly, the last figure W might give the time in hours which elapsed 
 between the commencement of rain and the previous observation by the 
 following code : 
 
 0=No precipitation since last telegram was sent. 
 
 1 = Precipitation commencing during the 1st hour after the previous 
 telegram, 
 
 2= Precipitation commencing during the 2nd hour after the previous 
 telegram, 
 
 3=Precipitation commencing during the 3rd hour after the previous 
 
 telegram, 
 
 etc. 
 
 8= Precipitation commenced before the dispatch of the previous 
 telegram. 
 
 9 = The hour of commencement of precipitation cannot be given. 
 
 It is considered that the specification of the time of commencement of 
 rain would be useful in international reports also, at any rate until 
 arrangements can be made for the exchange of special reports between 
 neighbouring countries, which could, perhaps, be arranged. A report of 
 this element might perhaps be substituted for reports on the state of the 
 sea at all inland stations. 
 
 A detailed discussion of the English codes suggested for ww and WW 
 did not take place at the Conference. These codes appear to us too 
 complicated for use at ordinary telegraphic reporting stations. If they 
 have to be adopted we would suggest at any rate, as very desirable 
 modifications that the group 00-09 have the same signification as the 
 figures 0-9 of the old international code for state of sky which were very 
 carefully selected. 
 
 COMMISSION ON METEOROLOGICAL TELEGRAPHY. 
 Minutes of the Third Meeting on Friday, 3rd October, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 The meeting was opened at 10.15 under the presidency of M. Angot. 
 The minutes of the preceding meetings were read and confirmed. 
 
 1. M. Hessel berg proposed that, in order to avoid the necessity oi 
 adding 50 to the barometric tendency to indicate negative values, use 
 should be made of the figures assigned to the characteristic. As to the 
 code for the characteristic, the figures and 9 should be used to indicate 
 " no change " or " irregular fluctuations." Figure:-* 1, 2, 3, 4, should 
 be used for positive tendencies, and 5, 6, 7, 8 for negative values. 
 
 2910H B 1 
 
40 
 
 A specimen of this code was given in the Proceedings of the Conference 
 in London (July, 1919) and is reproduced here. 
 Characteristic of Barometrical Tendency. 
 
 steady 
 
 1 rising 
 
 2 rising, then steady 
 
 3 rising, then falling 
 
 4 falling, then rising or steady, then rising 
 
 5 falling 
 
 6 falling, then steady 
 
 7 falling, then rising 
 
 b rising, then falling or 
 9 unsteady 
 
 % 1\J W C-l Ul 
 
 : steady, then falling I hours ago. 
 
 The barometer now 
 higher than three 
 hours ago. 
 
 The barometer now 
 lower than th reo 
 
 
 
 2. The scale of sea disturbance proposed by the British Admiralty 
 given in the report of Meetings of International Meteorological Com- 
 mittee in London, July, 1919, and reproduced here was accepted with 
 the restriction that the specification of the height of the waves should 
 be understood to refer exclusively to the high seas. 
 
 Scale. Description. 
 
 Height of waves in fret 
 from crest to trough. 
 0. 
 Less than 1 foot. 
 
 Calm Glassy 
 
 Yery smooth slightly rippled 
 
 Smooth rippled 1 to 2 feet. 
 
 Slight rocks buoy 2 to 3 feet. 
 
 Moderate furrowed 3 to 5 feet. 
 
 Rather rough much furrowed 5 to 8 feet. 
 
 Rough deeply furrowed 8 to 12 feet. 
 
 High rollers, steep fronts 12 to 20 feet. 
 
 Very high rollers with steep fronts 20 to 40 feet. 
 
 Phenomenal precipitous 40 feet and above. 
 
41 
 
 3. The Commission was of opinion that that part of the code which 
 deals with the transmission of observations from a reporting station to the 
 central office of its country is a matter which the country should settle for 
 itself. The Conference can only concern itself with international 
 questions. 
 
 4. The Conference considered the proposal put forward by M.van Ever- 
 dingen to use a code of two figures to indicate the form as well as 
 the direction and velocity of cloud. M. de Quervain pointed out that 
 the Commission had already adopted a code of four figures for reporting 
 cloud observations which could satisfy M. van Everdingeii's requirements. 
 The President thought that this point should be referred to the Com- 
 mission which was to be appointed. 
 
 5. As regards the transmission of observations at sea, the Commission 
 expressed the wish that the observing hours should be the same as those 
 of the international reseau and that the observations should be trans- 
 mitted as quickly as possible. The Commission approved the proposals of 
 the Commission on the Application of Meteorology to Aerial Navigation 
 for the despatch of meteorological information by radiotelegraphy. It 
 only expressed the desire that the table for grouping districts should be 
 slightly modified. 
 
 Lt. -Colonel Saconney and Captain Franck attended to explain the 
 general lines of the conclusions arrived at by the Commission on tho 
 Application of Meteorology to Aerial Navigation. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 11.45 
 
 APPENDIX IV. 
 
 COMMISSION ON MARINE METEOROLOGY. 
 Minutes of the First Meeting, Thursday, October 2nd, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 PRESENT: Lieut.-Colonel D. O. Bates, Professor Van Everdingen, 
 Lieutenant H. D. Grant, Mr. H. A. Hunt, Captain Ryder, 
 Mr. C. Stewart, Sir Frederic Stupart. 
 
 Professor Van Everdingen was elected President of the Commission, 
 Captain Ryder, Vice-President, and Lieutenant H. D. Grant, Secretary. 
 
 The President intimated that the following documents had been re- 
 ferred to the Commission, namely : 
 
 (1) Notice to Mariners of the British Admiralty, No. 1393 of 1919 
 
 relative to Wireless Meteorological Information to and from 
 Ships at Sea. 
 
 (2) Circular to- Members of Conference by Sir Napier Shaw, 
 
 appending : 
 
 (a) Memorandum by a Meteorological Sub-Committee of the 
 
 British Air Ministry and Admiralty on the subject 
 of Weather Reports from Merchant Ships by Radio- 
 telegrapHy (A.M.S. 209/19.) 
 
 (b) Proposals for the preparation and despatch or Data 
 
 Messages by Radiotelegraphy from ships recommended 
 by the British Meteorological Sub-Committee referred 
 to. 
 
 (c) Circular 201 of the British Meteorological Office re- 
 
 ferred to in (a) and (b) above. 
 
 (d) Note to the International Meteorological Conference by 
 
 the Service Hydrographique de la Marine 
 Fran9aise relative to collection and exchange of 
 meteorological observations at sea. 
 
 (e) Observations of Sea Disturbance. Scales suggested by the 
 
 Hydrographer of the British Navy, and memorandum 
 on observations on the heights of waves as made on 
 Dutch Light Vessels. 
 
Tlio President further intimated that the subjects referred to the 
 Commission for consideration were as follows : 
 
 (1) The Meteorological observations to be made on board ship 
 
 and the number of figures necessary to code them. Scale for 
 Barometric Characteristic. Scale for Sea Disturbance. 
 
 (2) Daily Synoptic Charts of the North Atlantic Ocean and the 
 
 measures to be taken with a view to their preparation 
 and publication. 
 
 (3) International agreement as to the mode of interchange of 
 
 meteorological observations at sea for statistical purposes and 
 the preparation of Daily Synoptic Charts. 
 
 (4) Inclusion of Marine Observations in the Reseau Mondial." 
 
 With regard to the meteorological observations made on board ship and 
 the number of figures required to code them the Commission recommend 
 that the ship's position be reported in Latitude and Longitude as 
 proposed in Memorandum 2 (a), and that the following observations be 
 made and reported according to the number of figures stated, namely: 
 
 (1) Wind, direction and force (three figures). 
 
 (2) Barometer corrected (three figures). 
 
 (3) Characteristic of barometric change (one to three figures). 
 
 (4) Temperature of the Air (Dry Bulb) (two figures). 
 
 (5) Sea Surface Temperature (two figures). 
 
 (6) Clouds and Proportion of Sky Clouded (four to two figures). 
 
 (7) Weather including Fog (one figure). 
 
 (8) Sea Disturbance Waves, Swell and direction of motion of 
 
 Swell (three figures). 
 
 (9) Visibility (one figure). 
 
 Special attention is drawn to the following remarks : 
 
 (1) In order to increase the reliability of all observations from ships 
 
 at sea, the Commission recommend that prior to regis- 
 tration the ship be properly equipped with meteorological instru- 
 ments, and that the responsibility of inspection of ships' 
 meteorological instruments .be vested in the meteorological 
 organisations of the country of registration of the vessel. 
 
 (2) That ships reporting meteorological data should be supplied with 
 
 tested mercurial barometers, the readings being corrected for 
 temperature and height above mean sea level. (Not for 
 gravity.) 
 
 (3) That thermometers for air temperature exposed on vessels at sea 
 
 be so placed as to be beyond the influence of heat radiated 
 by the engines or galleys. 
 
 (4) That Sea Surface Temperature be observed by taking a sample of 
 
 the water from the forepart of the ship. 
 
 (5) That in the opinion of the Commission the observations of the 
 
 Wet Bulb Thermometer, not being sufficiently reliable, might 
 be eliminated. 
 
 (6) That the Surface Visibility Scale reported on page 33 of 
 
 Minutes (M.O. 237) of Meeting of Members of International 
 Meteorological Committee held in London in July, 1919, with 
 the addition of the explanation contained in footnote to the 
 Scale is considered suitable. 
 
 [NOTE. The scale is set out in the footnote under reference in the 
 following form : 
 
 0V Objects not visible at a distance of 500 metres. 
 
 Objects visible at 500 metres but not at 1,000 metres. 
 1,000 2,000 
 
 IV 
 2V 
 3V 
 4V 
 5V 
 6V 
 7V 
 8V 
 10V 
 
 2,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 7,000 
 
 12,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 4,000 
 
 7,000 
 
 12,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 30,000 
 
 and air clear. 
 
43 
 
 It must be understood that this visibility scale is intended for re- 
 cording observations at medium and long ranges. It is complementary 
 to the u Fog " Scale, intended for observation at short ranges, which 
 is set out on the next page of the report in the following form. 
 
 8f Distance of the most distant object visible less than 25 metres. 
 7f Objects visible at 25 metres but not at 50 metres. 
 
 6f 50 t 100 
 
 5f 100 200 
 
 4f 200 500 
 
 3f 500 2,000 
 
 2f 2,000 10,000 
 
 If 10,000 30,000 
 
 Of Objects visible beyond 30,000 metres. 
 
 For telegraphic purposes these two scales are combined into a single 
 scale of 9 numbers in Annexe G to the Convention relating to Inter- 
 national Air Navigation drawn up by the representatives of the Allied and 
 Associated Powers serving on the International Commission dealing with 
 Aorial Navigation and appointed as a sub-commission of the Peace 
 Conference. 
 
 The combined scales may be set out in the following form : 
 
 TELEGRAPHIC 
 CODE NUMBER. 
 
 FOG SCALE. 
 
 VISIBILITY 
 SCALE, 
 
 LIMIT OF VISIBILITY IN 
 RANGE EXTENDING FROM 
 
 j 
 
 8f 
 
 
 to 25 metres. 
 
 | 
 
 7f 
 
 
 
 25 50 
 
 i j 
 
 6f 
 
 
 
 50 100 
 
 i < 
 
 5f 
 
 
 
 100 200 , 
 
 9 ) 
 
 4f 
 
 
 
 200 500 , 
 
 J 
 
 3f 
 
 IV 
 
 500 1000 , 
 
 3 
 
 3f 
 
 2V 
 
 1000 2000 
 
 4 
 
 2f 
 
 3V 
 
 2000 4000 , 
 
 5 
 
 2f 
 
 4V 
 
 4000 7000 
 
 6 
 
 If 
 
 5V 
 
 7000 12000 
 
 7 
 
 If 
 
 6V 
 
 12000 20000 
 
 8" 
 
 ( 
 
 7V 
 
 20000 30000 
 
 
 1 
 
 87 
 
 30000 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 9V 
 
 Above 30000 and clear air. 
 
 The scales as set out on p. 39 of the English Edition of the Report of 
 the Convention [C.D. 266] are given in the following form: 
 
 CODE 
 FIGURES. 
 
 MOST DISTANT 
 OBJECT VISIBLE. 
 
 DESCRIP- 
 TION. 
 
 CODE 
 FIGURES. 
 
 MOST DISTANT 
 OBJECT VISIBLE. 
 
 DESCRIP- 
 TION. 
 
 ( 
 
 Less than 25 metres 
 
 8f 
 
 4 
 
 2000 metres 
 
 2f or 3V 
 
 1 
 
 25 metres 
 
 71 
 
 5 
 
 4000 
 
 2f or 4V 
 
 i f 
 
 50 
 
 6f 
 
 6 
 
 7000 
 
 If or 5V 
 
 1 \ 
 
 100 
 
 5f 
 
 7 
 
 12000 
 
 If or 6V 
 
 2 1 
 
 200 
 
 4f 
 
 f 
 
 20000 
 
 7V 
 
 2 i 
 
 500 
 
 3f or IV 
 
 | 
 
 30000 
 
 8V 
 
 3 
 
 1000 
 
 3f or 2V 
 
 9 
 
 Above 30000 and 
 
 97 
 
 
 
 
 
 clear air. 
 
 
 It is not made clear in the Convention that the objects referred 
 to are intended to be selected " objects " placed approximately at 
 the distances specified from a given observing station. The instructions 
 to the observer at the reporting station is to note and report the 
 most distant of these selected objects which he can identify. If we 
 suppose that he can recognise the " object " at, say, 500 metres, but not 
 the one at 1,000 metres the appropriate figure to record is that which 
 
44 
 
 refers to the range 500 to 1,000m. The fact that the object at 500 
 metres is the most distant of the selected objects visible does not 
 necessarily imply that the distance from the observer of the most distant 
 object in the landscape which he can identify is 500 metres, though the 
 fact that the object at 1,000 metres cannot be distinguished fixes the 
 distance of vision at less than 1,000 metres.] 
 
 COMMISSION ON MARINE METEOROLOGY. 
 Minutes of the Second Meeting, Thursday, October 2nd, 1919, 
 
 Afternoon. 
 
 PEESENT: Professor van Everdingen (President), Captain Ryder (Vice- 
 President), Lieut. -Colonel D. C. Bates, Lieutenant H. D. Grant, 
 Mr. H. A. Hunt. Mr. C. Stewart, Sir Frederic Stupart, 
 Lieutenant cle Vaisseau Rouch, Captain A. J. Bamford. 
 
 Characteristic of Barometric Change. The Commission agreed that if 
 
 only one figure is to be assigned to the change of the barometer, they would 
 recommend the adoption of a Code which will give the tendency and a rough 
 indication of the amount of the change: further, that if there be 
 objections to the use of a Code for reporting barometric tendency different 
 from the present International Code they would recommend the addition 
 of two figures to denote the amount of barometric change during the 
 previous four hours. 
 
 Cloud. In view of the vital importance of barometric observations, 
 the Commission would be inclined to find the space necessary for the re- 
 porting of such observations by reducing the number of figures for cloud 
 to two instead of four as proposed in Memorandum No. 2 (a). 
 
 Sea Disturbance Scales. The Commission recommend the adoption of 
 the separate Scales for Sea Disturbance and Swell (intensity and direction) 
 as proposed in Memorandum No. 2 (a) ; while no objection is entertained 
 to the word Scale for Sea Disturbance they are of the opinion that the 
 figures denoting the relative heights of waves in feet should be considered, 
 as provisional approximations. 
 
 COMMISSION ON MARINE METEOROLOGY. 
 Minutes of the Third Meeting, Friday, October 3rd, 1919, Forenoon. 
 
 PRESENT: Professor van Everdingen (President), Captain Ryder (Vice 
 President), Lieut. -Colonel D. C. Bates, Lieutenant H. "D. Grant, 
 Mr. H. A. Hunt, Mr. C. Stewart, Sir Frederic Stupart, Sir 
 Napier Shaw, Lieutenant de Vaisseau Rouch, Captain A. J. 
 Bamford. 
 
 Minutes of previous meetings were read and approved. 
 The Commission suggest that the information from ships at sea should 
 be given in the following order : 
 
 BBBDD FwTTV 
 
 where TjTj is Sea Surface Temperature. 
 
 The Commission considered the Note of the Service Hydrographique 
 de la Marine Franaise relative to collection and exchange of meteoro- 
 logical observations from ships at sea, and express the hope that arrange- 
 ments for the reception and interchange of wireless meteorological 
 information from the North Atlantic Ocean now being made by the 
 British Meteorological Office in conjunction with the Wireless Authorities 
 may be carried into operation at an early date; further, that the trans- 
 mission of wireless reports from ships as part of the collective messages 
 indicated in the recommendations of the Interallied Radiotelegraphic 
 Committee which met at Paris on 31st May, 1919, should be tried. 
 
 The Commission recommend that the available observations from ships 
 be distributed as part of the collective messages from Central Stations, 
 together with the observations from individual land stations. 
 
45 
 
 The Commission next considered items (2) and (3) of the agenda, 
 namely : 
 
 (a) Daily Synoptic Charts of the North Atlantic Ocean and the 
 
 measures to be taken with a view to their preparation and 
 publication, and 
 
 (b) International agreement as to the mode of interchange of 
 
 meteorological observations at sea for statistical purposes and 
 the preparation of daily synoptic charts. 
 
 (a) Daily Synoptic Charts of the North Atlantic Ocean. Sir Frederic 
 Stupart explained that at present it was impossible to plot Synoptic 
 Charts of the Northern Hemisphere owing to the lack of information from 
 Europe, and Asia, and expressed the hope that the preparation and 
 publication of these Charts would be resumed as soon as circumstances 
 permit. 
 
 (b) International Agreement as to the mode of interchange ol 
 
 Meteorological Observations at Sea. The Commission were of the opinion 
 that for the purpose of dealing with all available meteorological observa- 
 tions from ships at sea for forecasting and statistical purposes, the 
 appointment of an International Meteorological Bureau might be useful. 
 
 In the absence of such a Bureau the Commission strongly recommend 
 the scheme proposed by Captain Ryder of Denmark, as set forth on page 11 
 of Minutes (M.O. 237) of Meeting of Members of the International 
 Meteorological Committee held in London in July, 1919. 
 
 Lieutenant De Vaisseau Rouch proposed and the Commission agreed, 
 that attention should be called to the desirable practice of including in 
 all original publications and Charts of Marine Areas the number of 
 observations per square on which the averages are based. 
 
 On the proposal of Lieutenant Grant seconded by Sir Napier Shaw, it 
 was agreed that this Commission should endeavour to establish relations 
 with the International Hydrographic Bureau, established in London in 
 1919, in order to assure co-ordination of the meteorological work of this 
 Bureau with that of the national meteorological offices. 
 
 On the motion of Mr. Hunt, seconded by Lieut. -Colonel Bates, it was 
 agreed that Naval and Civil Authorities should be invited to co-operate 
 in extending the observation of sea temperatures especially from light- 
 ships in their respective domains. 
 
 Inclusion of Marine Observations in the " Reseau Mondial." () 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw reported that in addition to the three volumes of tho 
 Meteorological Office publication " Reseau Mondial" for the years 
 1911 T 1912, 1913, a fourth volume for 1910 was about to appear. 
 The Commission agreed that insertion in the " Reseau Mondial " 
 of mean values for 5 squares oil the ocean was to be recommended. 
 
 It was resolved that in the absence of an International Bureau the 
 Meteorological Institutes and Hydrographic Departments be invited to 
 supply to the Director of the British Meteorological Office, monthly means 
 for 5 squares of the Oceans giving pressure (corrected for temperature 
 and height above sea level), temperature of the air, and temperature of 
 the sea surface from the year 1914. (b) Attention was drawn to the 
 Resolution contained on page 12 of the Minutes (M.O. 237) of Meeting 
 of Members of the International Meteorological Committee held in London 
 in July, 1919, reading as follows:- 
 
 " Owing to the intervention of the War the programme contem- 
 plated in Resolution 8 of the Commission on Maritime Meteoro- 
 logy (Rome, p. 57) has been interrupted, and the meeting, there 
 fore, takes the opportunity of directing attention to this resolution 
 and of asking Meteorological Institutes to send extracts from 
 meteorological logs for the selected squares to the Director of the 
 Netherlands Institute with a view to publication of a resume" as a 
 contribution to the meteorology of the Globe (Kon.Ned.Met.Inst. 
 No. 107a). If possible, extracts should be sent from logs for 1915 
 onwards." 
 
46 
 
 Gale Warnings. The following Resolution was unanimously agreed 
 upon : 
 
 " That consideration of Gale Warnings for universal adoption 
 be postponed until the next meeting of the Maritime Commission, 
 and that in the meantime Lieut. -Col. D. C. Bates be invited to 
 correspond with the different services on the subject." 
 
 COMMISSION ON MARINE METEOROLOGY. 
 
 Minutes of the Fourth Meeting (Special), Monday, October 6th, 1919. 
 
 PRESENT: Professor Van Everdingen (President), Captain Ryder, 
 Lieut. -Colonel D. C. Bates, Lieutenant H. D. Grant, Lieutenant 
 de Vaisseau Rouch. 
 
 On the conclusion of the International Meteorological Conference on 
 October 6th, 1919, when a discussion of the Report issued by this Commission 
 took place, a Special Meeting of the Maritime Meteorological Commission 
 was held. 
 
 Captain Ryder (Denmark), and Lieutenant H. D. Grant (Great Britain), 
 were elected Vice-President and Secretary respectively. 
 
 The Commission unanimously agreed to co-opt the following members 
 of the International Conference as members of Commission, namely : 
 
 Sir Frederic Stupart. 
 Mr. C. Stewart. 
 
 The above gentlemen being present signified their consent and took 
 part in the deliberations. 
 
 The Commission agreed that unless important or urgent problems present 
 themselves for discussion and investigation they will not meet before 1921. 
 If, however, in the interval urgent matters arise for consideration an 
 endeavour will be made to arrange, if possible, for a meeting to be held 
 at the same date and place as that of the International Committee. 
 
 APPENDIX V. 
 
 LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE COMMISSIONS APPOINTED BY THE 
 INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL CONFERENCE, PARIS, 
 OCTOBER, 1919. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL COMMISSION FOR AGRICULTURAL 
 METEOROLOGY. 
 
 Prof. A. Angot, Director, Central Meteorological Bureau, Paris, President. 
 G. Azzi, Central Bureau of Meteorology and Geodynamics, Rome. 
 Lieut.-Colonel D. C. Bates, Divoctor, Dominion Meteorological Office, 
 
 Wellington, New Zealand. 
 
 R. P. Berloty, Director, The Observatory, Ksara, Syria. 
 J. Connord. 
 U. Dongier, Central Meteorological Bureau, Paris. 
 
 E. Fontsere, Director, Aerological Station, Barcelona. 
 J. Galbis, Director, Meteorological Service, Madrid. 
 Prof. D. van Gulik, Agricultural College, Wageningen. 
 
 Prof. Hesselberg, Director, Meteorological Institute, Christiania. 
 
 Prof. Mathias, Director, Puy-de-D6me Observatory, Clermont-Ferrand. 
 
 Prof. Mercanton, President, Swiss Geophysical Society, Lausanne. 
 
 A. Rey, Chief, Agricultural Meteorological Service, Paris. 
 
 Captain Ryder, Director, Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen. 
 
 Dr. F. T. Shutt, Royal Society, Ottawa. 
 
 Dr. Griffith Taylor, Commonwealth Meteorological Service, Melbourne. 
 
 M. Wallen, Director, Hydrographical and Meteorological Office, Stockholm. 
 
 F. J. W. Whipple, Meteorological Office, London. 
 
47 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR METEOROLOGICAL TELEGRAPHY. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel E. Gold, Meteorological Office, London, President. 
 Prof. A. Angot, Director, Central Meteorological Bureau, Paris. 
 Colonel Blandy, Controller of Communications, Air Ministry, London. 
 Prof, van Everdingen, Director, Meteorological Institute, De Bilt. 
 General Ferrie, Inspector of the Military Telegraphic Service and Trans- 
 port, 51, bis Boulevard, Latour-Meubourg, Paris. 
 Captain Franck, Military Aviation, Paris. 
 J. Galbis, Director, Meteorological Service, Madrid. 
 C. Goutereau, Central Meteorological Bureau, Paris. 
 
 Lieut. H. D. Grant, Admiralty Meteorological Service, Admiralty, London. 
 Prof. Hesselberg, Director, Meteorological Institute, Christiania. 
 Lieut. -Colonel Matteuzzi, Director, Aerological Service, Rome. 
 Prof. C. F. Marvin, Chief of Weather Bureau, Washington. 
 Prof. A. de Quervain, Meteorological Institute, Zurich. 
 Captain Ryder, Director, Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen. 
 Dr. G. T. Walker, Director General of Observatories, Simla. 
 M. Wallen, Director, Hydrographical and Meteorological Office, Stockholm. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR MARINE METEOROLOGY. 
 
 Prof. E. van Everdingen, Director, Meteorological Institute, De Bilt. 
 President. 
 
 General T. de Azcarate, Marine Institute and Observatory, San Fernando. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel D. C. Bates, Director, Dominion Meteorological Office, Wel- 
 lington, New Zealand. 
 
 Prof. V. Bjerknes, Geophysical Institute, Bergen. 
 
 P. H. Galle, Meteorological Institute, De Bilt. 
 
 Lieutenant H. D. Grant, Admiralty Meteorological Service, Admiralty, 
 London. 
 
 H. A. Hunt, Director, Commonwealth Meteorological Bureau, Melbourne. 
 
 Senor Marini, Hydrographic Institute, Genoa, Italy. 
 
 H. Pettersson, Director, Oceanographical Institute, Gotenberg. 
 
 Lieut, de Vaisseau Rouch, Naval School, Brest. 
 
 Captain Ryder, Director, Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen. 
 
 Dr. J. P. van der Stok, Meteorological Institute, De Bilt. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SOLAR RADIATION. 
 
 Prof. Maurer, Director, Federal Meteorological Institute, Zurich, 
 
 President. 
 
 Prof. C. G. Abbot, Smithsonian Institute, Washington. 
 Prof. A. Angot, Director, Central Meteorological Bureau, Paris. 
 A. Angstrom, University, Upsala, Sweden. 
 
 Prof. F. H. Bigelow, Meteorological Office, Buenos Aires, Argentine. 
 Prof. C. Chistoni, The University, Naples. 
 W. H. Dines, Meteorological Office, London. 
 J. Evershed, Kodaikanal Solar Physics Observatory, Madras. 
 Dr. L. Gorczynski, Director, Meteorological Service, Warsaw. 
 Commandant Jaumotte, Director, Meteorological Service, Uccle. 
 Prof. H. H. Kimball, Mount Wilson Solar Observatory, Pasadena, Cal., 
 
 U.S.A. 
 
 Lindholm, University, Upsala, Sweden. 
 J. Plaskett, Victoria, Canada. 
 H. Knox Shaw, Director, Meteorological Section, Physical Service, 
 
 Dawawyn, Cairo. 
 
 Prof. Stormer, The University, Christiania. 
 Dr. Griffith Taylor, Commonwealth Meteorological Service, Melbourne. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE APPLICATION OF METEOROLOGY TO 
 
 AERIAL NAVIGATION. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Saconney, Director, Service of Aerial Navigation, Paris, 
 
 President. 
 
 Prof. Bjerknes, Geophysical Institute, Bergen. 
 W. R. Blair, Weather Bureau, Department of Agriculture, Washington. 
 
48 
 
 R. Dongier, Central Meteorological Bureau, Paris. 
 
 J. Galbis, Director, Meteorological Service, Madrid. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel E. Gold, Meteorological Office, London. 
 
 H. Hesselberg, Director, Meteorological Institute, Christiania. 
 
 M. Jacobs, President of the Belgian Astronomical Society, Brussels. 
 
 Commandant Jaumotte, Director of Meteorological Service, Uccle. 
 
 Prof. Mathias, Director, Puy-de-D6me Observatory, Clermont-Ferrand. 
 
 Lieut-Colonel Matteuzzi, Director, Aerological Service, Rome. 
 
 Prof. Mercanton, President of Swiss Geophysical Society, Lausanne. 
 
 G. Rothe, Director, Meteorological Service of Alsace-Lorraine, Strasbourg. 
 
 Lieutenant de Vaisseau Rouch, Naval School, Brest. 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw, Director, Meteorological Office, London. 
 
 Dr. Griffith Taylor, Commonwealth Meteorological Service, Melbourne. 
 
 Dr. G. T. Walker. Director General of Observatories, Simla. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR RESEAU MONDIAL. 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw, Director, Meteorological Office, London, President. 
 
 Prof, F. Eredia, Meteorological and Geodynamical Office, Home. 
 
 Prof. E. van Everdingen, Director, Meteorological Institute, De Bilt. 
 
 Dr. L. Gorczynski, Director, Meteorological Service, Warsaw. 
 
 H. A. Hunt, Director, Commonwealth Meteorological Bureau, Melbourne. 
 
 R. G. K. Lempfert, Meteorological Office, London. 
 
 Prof. C. F. Marvin, Chief of Weather Bureau, Washington. 
 
 Captain Ryder, Director, Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen. 
 
 H. Knox Shaw, Director, Meteorological Section, Physical Service, 
 
 Dawawyn, Cairo. 
 C. Stewart, Chief Meteorologist of the Union of South Africa, 
 
 Johannesburg . 
 
 Sir Frederic Stupart, Director, Meteorological Service, Toronto. 
 Dr. G. T. Walker, Director General of Observatories, Simla. 
 M. Wallen, Director, Hydrographical and Meteorological Office, Stockholm. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE UPPER AIR, 
 
 Prof. Bjerknes, Geophysical Institute, Bergen, President. 
 
 Prof. Akerblom, Director, Meteorological Observatory of the University, 
 Upsala. 
 
 W. van Bemmelen, Magnetic and Meteorological Observatory, Batavia. 
 
 W. H. Dines, Meteorological Office, London. 
 
 Prof. E. van Everdir.gen, Director, Meteorological Institute, De Bilt. 
 
 E. Fontsere, Director, Aerological Station, Barcelona. 
 
 J. H. Field, Imperial Meteorologist, Simla. 
 
 J. Galbis, Director, Meteorological Service, Madrid. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel E. Gold, Meteorological Office, London. 
 
 Prof. Hesselberg, Director, Meteorological Institute, Christiania. 
 
 M. Jacobs, President of*the Belgian Astronomical Society, Brussels. 
 
 Commandant Jaumotte, Director. Meteorological Service, Uccle. 
 
 Prof. O. F. Marvin, Chief of Weather Bureau, Washington. 
 
 Lieut.-Colonel Matteuzzi, Director, Meteorological Service, Rome. 
 
 Ch. A. C. Nell, Meteorological and Aerological Society, The Hague. 
 
 Prof. L. Palazzo, Director, Meteorological and Geodynamical Office, Rome. 
 
 H. Petterssen, Director Oceanographical Institute, Gotenberg. 
 
 Prof. A. de Quervain, Meteorological Institute, Zurich. 
 
 G. Rothe, Director, Meteorological Service of Alsace-Lorraine, Stras- 
 bourg. 
 
 J. H. Sandstrb'nij Stockholm. 
 
 Dr. Griffith Taylor, Commonwealth Meteorological Service, Melbourne. 
 
 Dr. G. T. Walker, Director General of Observatories, Simla. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION FOR TERRESTRIAL MAGNETISM AND ATMO- 
 SPHERIC ELECTRICITY. 
 
 Prof. A. Angot, Director, Central Meteorological Bureau, Paris, President. 
 Prof. E. van Everdingen, Director, Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, 
 Secretary. 
 
49 
 
 Prof. L. A. Bauer, Carnegie Institution. Washington. 
 
 Dr. V. Carlheim-Gyilenskold, Academy of Science, Stockholm. 
 
 Commandant Jaumotte, Director, Meteorological Service, Uccle. 
 
 O. Krogness, Director, Geophysical Institute, Tromse. 
 
 Prof. G. Melander Director, Meteorological Office, Helsingfors. 
 
 Prof. L. Palazzo, Director, Meteorological and Geodynamical Office, Rome. 
 
 A. Riggenbach, The University, Basel. 
 
 Captain Ryder, Director, Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen. 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw, Director, Meteorological Office, London. 
 
 Sir Frederic Stupart, Director, Meteorological Service, Toronto. 
 
 Dr. G. T. Walker, Director General of Observatories, Simla. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL POLAR COMMISSION. 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw, Director, Meteorological Office, London, Bereskin. 
 
 Prof. Hesselberg, Director, Meteorological Institute, Christiania. 
 
 O. Krogness, Director Geophysical Institute, Tromso. 
 
 Prof. C. F. Marvin, Chief of Weather Bureau, Washington. 
 
 Prof. G. Melander, Director, Meteorological Office, Helsingsfors. 
 
 Prof. A. de Quervain. Meteorological Institute, Zurich. 
 
 Lieutenant de Vaisseau Rouch, Naval School, Brest. 
 
 Captain Ryder, Director, Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen. 
 
 Sir Frederic Stupart, Director, Meteorological Service, Toronto. 
 
 M. Wallen, Director, Hydrographical and Meteorological Office, Stockholm. 
 
 APPENDIX VI. 
 
 RADIO-TELEGRAPHIC COMMITTEE EU F GB I. 
 
 Article 35 of the International Convention for the regulation of Aerial 
 Navigation recently concluded in Paris, lays down that the High Contract- 
 ing Parties shall undertake, as far as they are respectively concerned, 
 to co-operate in international measures concerning, among other things, the 
 collection and dissemination of statistical, current and special meteoro- 
 logical information in accordance with the provision of Annex G. of the 
 Convention . 
 
 An International Committee known as the EU F GB I (Etats-Unis, 
 France, Grande Bretagne, Italie) Committee has been considering the 
 best methods of distributing meteorological information by wireless tele- 
 graphy. Its proposals are set out in the following Minutes of a meeting 
 of the Committee held in Paris in May, 1919. 
 
 Minutes EU-F-GB-I (T.S.F.) of May 31st, 1919i 
 
 The undersigned, members of the Radio-telegraphic Committee 
 EU F GB I, met on May 27th, 28th and 31st at 15h., at the Ministry 
 of Foreign Affairs (hall of the Commission des Archives). 
 There were present: 
 
 Baron Berckheim, Minister Plenipotentiary, President. Captain 
 Evans, U.S. Navy (U.S.A.). Colonel K. Truesdell, U.S. Army 
 (U.S.A.). Lieut.-Colonel W. R. Blair, U.S. Army (U.S.A.). 
 Lieut.^Comma'nder H. P. Leclair, U.S. Navy (U.S.A.). General 
 Ferrie (France). Colonel Cartier (France). Captain 
 Schereschewsky (France). Lieut. Bourrague" (France). Lieut. 
 Rouch (France). Colonel Blandy (Great Britain). Captain Slee 
 (Great Britain). Major Garton (Great Britain). Lieut.-Colonel 
 Bardeloni (Italy). Captain Raineri Bisoria (Italy). 
 Colonel Cartier acted as Secretary. 
 
 Captain Evans informed the Committee that the representatives of 
 the American Navy, like their colleagues of the American Army, would 
 take part in the meeting with advisory powers only. 
 
 A. The Committee discussed the proposals brought forward by the 
 British and Italian representatives. It took the British proposals as 
 basis for discussion. It decided to study only such questions as had 
 international character and to leave each country to organize its internal 
 services to meet its special requirements. 
 
50 
 
 B. The area in which it appears possible to establish an international 
 meteorological service in the near future comprises Europe, North America 
 and Africa ; the last continent will shortly possess at Bammako and Saida, 
 French stations having a range respectively of at least 3,000 and 1,500 
 kilometres, which will therefore be capable of sending collective reports of 
 classes 1 and 2 of Annex G. 
 
 C. For the sake of simplicity, the Committee accepts the British 
 proposal to designate the collective reports of classes 1 and 2 by the 
 letters A and B respectively, letter A referring to reports sent by stations 
 having a range of at least 1,500 kilometres, and letter B to reports 
 from stations having a range of at least 3,000 kilometres. 
 
 D. In view of the number of stations which may be expected to send A 
 reports, it does not appear possible to arrange for the simultaneous 
 receipt of all such reports as a part of normal routine. It will, therefore, 
 be necessary to reduce the number of reports to be sent simultaneously 
 to 3 or 4. As each A report will contain as a maximum 100 five figure 
 groups, successive transmissions may take place at intervals of 15 minutes. 
 
 E. B reports, being relatively few in number, can be sent simultaneously. 
 
 F. The Committee does not consider it necessary to add a local fore- 
 cast to reports A and B. 
 
 G. Occasional reports or regular services, referring to special areas 
 of contiguous countries, should be replaced by special reports, for which 
 the necessary arrangements should be made by direct negotiation between 
 the countries interested. Trans- Atlantic reports may also be replaced by 
 the exchange of special reports by cable or wireless ; these special reports 
 may include forecasts. 
 
 H. Collective reports of type A, which include forecasts intended for 
 the guidance of ships at sea, should specify the period and area to which 
 the forecast applies. 
 
 The codes used in these meteorological forecasts for ships should be 
 the same in all countries. 
 
 The British delegates stated that the British Admiralty had begun to 
 organise a service of this kind and that it had made a trial of an 
 ad hoc code. Only certain ships specially appointed for the purpose and 
 carrying fully trained operators, were permitted to send these reports. 
 
 I. The French Naval delegates proposed that collective reports contain- 
 ing forecasts for the guidance of ships at sea should be divided into two 
 parts of which the first should give the forecast referred to above ; this 
 proposal referred in particular to collective reports of which part, intended 
 for ships at sea, is to be repeated on spark by ship stations. 
 
 The Commission approved this proposal. 
 
 J. The question of the issue of forecasts to ships at sea gave rise to an 
 exchange of views which showed considerable difference of opinion between 
 the Allied Navies. 
 
 The British Admiralty desires that forecasts for ships should be pre- 
 pared by the meteorological services and be transmitted on continuous 
 wave four times a day; ship's officers do not as a rule possess sufficient 
 expert meteorological knowledge to be able to draw up forecasts from the 
 observational data supplied, yet forecasts might be of great value. 
 
 The French Admiralty on the other hand considers that the responsi- 
 bility for interpreting and using meteorological data should devolve on 
 the Captains of ships, seeing that the responsibility for action must in 
 any case rest with them, and that a forecast message received from a shore 
 station could not under any circumstances relieve them of such responsi- 
 bility. It considers that it would suffice to send to ships the information 
 contemplated in collective reports of type B and to have it repeated by 
 spark telegraphy over a range of less than 2,700 metres from stations 
 appointed for the purpose. 
 
 The Commission considered that this question should be held over. 
 
 Each country should be left to make its own arrangements but should 
 conform to international agreement as regards wave length, time of 
 transmission, etc. It is desirable that Admiralties of different countries 
 should keep each other informed of their provisional arrangements which 
 might be summarised in an international arrangement at a later date. 
 
51 
 
 K. Warnings, particularly of squalls, will be arranged for by the central 
 regional bureaux and will be transmitted by the wireless posts attached 
 to these bureaux as part of the general establishment at aerodromes ; these 
 warnings will, as a rule, be very short, and will consist of only two or 
 three groups of five figures. 
 
 They will be repeated by the wireless posts of the aerodromes on 600 
 metre spark which is the normal wave length on which watch is kept at 
 aeronautical posts, and subsequently on that of 850 metres. 
 
 They will be included in the general service of Wireless Aeronautical 
 messages and will be issued in accordance with the special regulations of 
 that service. 
 
 At international frontiers arrangements on this subject will be made 
 direct between the countries interested. 
 
 L. The proposals of the Commission are summarised in Appendix 3 of 
 the present Minutes. 
 
 Paris, May 31st, 1919. 
 
 APPENDIX III. TO THE MINUTES EU F GB I (T.S.F.) OF 
 
 MAY 31sT, 1919. 
 
 PROPOSALS OF THE EU-F-GB-I COMMISSION FOB, THE ORGANISATION OF A 
 METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE FOR AERONAUTICAL PURPOSES. 
 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 The Commission is of the opinion that it should not concern itself with 
 the internal arrangements of any individual country. It confines itself to 
 formulating proposals for those services which are international in charac- 
 ter, especially those which concern themselves with the issue of collective 
 reports of classes 1 and 2 of Annexe G. 
 
 It leaves each country free to organise the collection of information at 
 regional headquarters by wireless or by line telegraphy as may be most con- 
 venient, but suggests, nevertheless, that line telegraphy or telephones 
 should be used for such internal communications in all cases where the re- 
 quisite rapidity of communication can be secured. 
 
 Its proposals concern only Europe, Africa and North America. 
 
 It expresses no opinion on the codes contained in Annex G. 
 
 Meteorological Radiograms should be sent on continuous wave, with the 
 exception of forecasts. 
 
 PROPOSALS. 
 
 1. The hours of observation shall be: lh., 7h., 13h., and 19h. G.M.T. 
 
 2. International collective reports shall be of two kinds : 
 
 Collective reports A for transmission from stations having a range 
 
 of at least 1,500 kilometres. (Reports of Class 1 of Annexe G). 
 Collective reports B for transmission from stations having a range of 
 at least 3,000 kilometres. (Reports of Class 2 of Annexe G.) 
 
 3. One collective message of type A shall be drafted for each country or 
 group of countries, the groups being as set out in paragraph 4 below. 
 
 One collective message of type B. shall be drafted for each group as set 
 out in paragraph 4. 
 
 4. In the following table the letters A, B, C, D, E and F, indicate the 
 primary groups for which collective messages of type B will be prepared. 
 The numbers 1, 2, 3, etc., indicate the countries or group of countries for 
 which collective messages of type A will be prepared : 
 
 Group A. 1. Great Britain. 2. Iceland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway. 
 3. Archangel, Esthonia, Finland. 
 
 Group B. 1. Holland, Belgium, France. 2. Spain and Portugal. 
 3. French North Africa. 4. Switzerland. 
 
 Group C. 1. Italy, Malta, Serbia. 2. Egypt, Lybia, Palestine. 
 3. Greece, Roumania, Constantinople. 4. Poland, Bohemia. 
 
 Group D. 1. Germany (or German States). 2. Austria (Austrian 
 States), Bulgaria. 3. European Russia. 
 
 Group E. Africa. 
 
 Group F. North America. 
 
5. The countries responsible for the preparation and transmission of 
 collective reports of type B shall be the following: 
 
 Norway for Group A. Italy for Group C. 
 
 France ,, B. Germany,, ,, D. 
 
 6. Stations having a range of more than 3,000 kilometres which could be 
 used for the transmission of reports of type B might be the following: 
 
 Stavanger for Group A. Rome for Group C. 
 
 Lyons ,, ,, B. Nauen ,, ,, D. 
 
 7. The stations to be used for the transmission of reports of type A will 
 be fixed later after consultation between the countries interested. 
 
 8. Reports of type B shall be issued simultaneously three hours after the 
 hour of observation i.e., at the following times, 04h. 00m., lOh. 00m., 
 16h. 00m., 22h. 00m. Reports of type B for North America shall be trans- 
 mitted by wireless, probably from the station at Annapolis. 
 
 9. The wave lengths used for transmission of reports of type B shall be 
 the following: Group A (Stavanger) 9,500 metres. Group B (Lyons) 
 15,500 metres. Group C (Rome) 10,850 metres. Group D (Nauen) 12,600 
 metres. Group F (Annapolis) 16,000 metres. 
 
 No provision can as yet be made for the reports for Group E. 
 
 10. Reports of type A will be transmitted simultaneously by the four 
 Groups A, B, C, D, but in each group the subordinate posts 1, 2, 3, 4, will 
 transmit their reports one after another at the following times^ 
 
 02h. 30m. 
 02h. 45m. 
 03h. 00m. 
 03h. 15m. 
 08h. 30m. 
 08h. 45m. 
 09h. 00m 
 09h. 15m 
 14h. 30m. 
 14h. 45m. 
 
 15h. 
 15h. 
 20h. 
 20h. 
 21h. 
 21h. 
 
 00m. 
 15m. 
 30m. 
 45m. 
 00m. 
 15m. 
 
 Group A 
 
 1 
 
 Group 
 
 B 1 
 
 Group 
 
 Cl 
 
 Group D 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 } 
 
 2 
 
 |f 
 
 3 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 }J 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Group A 
 
 1 
 
 Group 
 
 B 1 
 
 Group 
 
 C 1 
 
 Group D 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 >f 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 ^ 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 
 M 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 rf 
 
 4 
 
 M 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Group A 
 
 1 
 
 Group 
 
 B 1 
 
 Group 
 
 C .1 
 
 Group D 
 
 1 
 
 f> 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 , , 
 
 3 
 
 f j 
 
 3 
 
 fj 
 
 3 
 
 i > 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Group A 
 
 1 
 
 Group 
 
 B 1 
 
 Group 
 
 Cl 
 
 Group D 
 
 1 
 
 , } 
 
 2 
 
 > ? 
 
 2 
 
 fj 
 
 2 
 
 M 
 
 2 
 
 ,, 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 7 > 
 
 3 
 
 r j 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 11. The wave lengths on which reports of type A will be sent are to be 
 the following: Group A 4,200 metres. Group B 3,900 metres. Group C 
 3,700 metres. Group D 3,500 metres. 
 
 12. Maritime zones will be attached to the continental zones as 
 follows : 
 
 Eastern Atlantic (North of the Azores) to Great Britain. 
 North Sea to Holland. 
 Baltic to Sweden. 
 Western Mediterranean to France. 
 . Central Mediterranean to Italy. 
 
 Eastern Mediterranean to Egypt. 
 
 The North African Colonies will be attached respectively to France, 
 Italy and Spain. 
 
 13. Collective reports of class 3 (Annexe G) issued by stations having 
 a range of less than 500 kilometers are classed among the internal services 
 which each country may organise to meet its own requirements. Neigh- 
 bouring countries should keep one another informed of the details of 
 their organisation particularly as regards times of transmission and wave 
 lengths. 
 
 14. The transmission of meteorological information and forecasts to ships 
 at sea or to airships will be regulated by proposals to be made later. 
 
53 
 
 APPENDIX VII. 
 INTERNATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL COMMITTEE. 
 
 Minutes of the Re-union on 6th October at llh. 30m., Morning. 
 
 The following members were present : 
 
 MM. Angot; Eginitis ; van Everdingeii; Hesselberg ; Hunt; Palazzo; 
 Ryder; Sir Napier Shaw; Sir Frederic Stupart; Walker. 
 
 Sir Napier Shaw was elected President. He proposed MM. Angot and 
 van Everdingen as Vice-President and Secretary respectively., they were 
 duly elected, and accepted the nomination. 
 
 Firstly the question of creating a Commission for Terrestrial Magnetism 
 and Atmospheric Electricity was discussed. The President had received 
 a letter from M. Bauer, Washington, giving details of the constitution of 
 a Commission which had been formed to deal with these subjects analogous 
 to the Geophysical Union and its sub-commissions. In liis (the President's) 
 opinion, such a Commission did not dispose of the need for a Commission 
 composed of the Directors of official services, responsible for the magnetic 
 surveys of their respective countries. The Committee decided, after a 
 discussion in which MM. Ryder, Walker, van Everdingen and Stupart 
 took part, to create a new Commission for Terrestrial Magnetism and 
 Atmospheric Electricity and invited this Commission to keep in touch with 
 the Geophysical Union for the purpose of future organisation. 
 
 The following members were proposed for this Commission, MM. Angot, 
 Carlheim-Gyllenskold, van Everdingen, Faris, Jaumotte, Krogness, 
 Melander, Palazzo, Sir Napier Shaw, Sir Frederic Stupart, Walker. 
 
 MM. Hesselberg and Ryder were authorised to nominate the members 
 of the Polar Commission. 
 
 INTERNATIONAL SYMBOLS. 
 
 The Committee decided after a discussion on the new symbols for rime 
 and sleet proposed. by Mr. Gold to recommend the Conference to retain 
 the old symbol " V " for rime, but to indicate 
 
 Sleet by 
 
 Mirage by 
 
 Exceptionally good visibility by 
 
 M. van Everdingen declared at the final meeting that he would accept 
 the nomination of Secretary for the time being, but he hoped later to 
 yield it to someone better qualified than himself. 
 
 The meeting adjourned at 12h. 30m. 
 
 Signed NAPIER SHAW. 
 
 VAN EVERDINGEN. 
 
ADDITIONAL APPENDICES. 
 
 APPENDIX 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND PERSONS FROM WHOM PUBLICA- 
 TIONS CONTAINING METEOROLOGICAL AND OTHER GEOPHYSICAL DATA HAVE 
 
 BEEN RECEIVED AT THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE, LONDON, DURING THE 
 LAST TEN YEARS. 
 
 [M.O. Circular 303.] 
 
 The list is arranged in accordance with the topographical classification 
 adopted in the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. In each 
 section the names of institutions which collect observations from a network 
 of stations, or which publish observations on an extended scale, have been 
 placed first. In a number of instances, particularly in the case of tropical 
 countries, observations are published by authorities not domiciled in the 
 country. In these instances the names of the places of observation have 
 been given as far as space permits, and the names of the institutions 
 issuing the publications have been printed in italic type. If no names 
 of places are quoted, it may be assumed that returns from a number of 
 stations are given. 
 
 The character of the information available has been indicated by quoting 
 the numbers in the International Catalogue under which the publications 
 have been classified. 
 
 The year quoted is the last complete year for which the information has 
 been received. 
 
 The classification numbers employed are as follows : 
 
 1710 and 1730. Climatology Agricultural and Hygienic. 
 
 1180. Rainfall Tables. 
 
 1800. Meteorological Observations General. 
 
 1810. ,, Hourly Values. 
 
 1820. Daily Values. 
 
 1825. Mean Values. 
 
 1830. Daily Weather Reports. 
 
 1840. Weather Reports Weekly, Monthly, &c. 
 
 3020. Magnetical Observations. 
 
 t Indicates publications which give information for the upper air, 
 
 obtained with balloons or kites. 
 
 ft Indicates that exchange of publications has not been fully re- 
 sumed since the w'ar. 
 
55 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND PERSONS SUPPLYING 
 PUBLISHED METEOROLOGICAL AND OTHER DATA. 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 cS 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 W jg 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 1J 
 
 j 
 
 
 0) _CJ 
 
 |a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5-2 
 
 3 
 
 eS 
 
 
 
 
 
 ,d O 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 .2 
 
 EH 
 
 
 oi 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 t-t ^ 
 
 If 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 ?8 
 
 M 
 
 "3 
 
 
 $ 
 
 I 
 
 . ra 
 
 >*rl 
 
 ' ** 
 
 
 &H 
 
 *s 
 
 B 
 
 5T2 
 
 >if-g 
 
 
 >^-g 
 
 2 S 
 
 a 
 
 
 1710 
 
 1 
 
 | 
 
 > 
 
 i 
 
 r 
 
 |2 
 
 la 
 
 Q 
 
 1^ 
 
 |o 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800 
 
 1810 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 GENERAL. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 XnijB FUEL tii ofiil Commission for Scientific 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 Aeronautics, Strassburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Board of Trade, London Commercial, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - i - 
 
 
 
 Labour and Statistical Department. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Symons's Meteorological Magazine 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - i - 
 
 - 
 
 d. EUROPE AND MEDITERRA- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NEAN SEA AND ISLANDS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deutsche Seewarte, Hamburg 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ;',.-/; 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 1916 
 
 - 
 
 da. Scandinavia : Sweden, Norway, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Denmark, Iceland, Faeroes: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 Dansk Meteorologisk Institut 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 - -1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1919 1919 
 
 191T 
 
 (Copenhagen). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Norsk Meteorologisk Institut 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 1918 
 
 1918, 
 
 1919 - 
 
 _ 
 
 (Christiania). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Svensk Meteorologisk Inatitut 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - ; 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 (Stockholm). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K. Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademie 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 - j "- 
 
 _ 
 
 (Stockholm). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hydrografiska Byran (Stockholm). ... 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Stockholm (H. E. Hamberg). ... i - 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - ^ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Upsala, Observatoire Meteorologique 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 de rtlniversite. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Vassijaure, K. Svenska Vetensks. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Akademie, Stockholm. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 db. Russia in Europe : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ffObservatoire Physique Central 
 
 .- 
 
 - 
 
 1908 
 
 1908 
 
 1908 
 
 1908 
 
 1914 
 
 1915 
 
 190& 
 
 Nicolas (Petrograd). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Finland, Meteorologische Zentralans- 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 talt (Helsingfors). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dorpat, Meteorologisches Observa- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 torium. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ffKazan, Observatoire Meteorologique. 
 tfKieff, Observatoire Meteorologique. 
 
 : 
 
 : 
 
 
 
 1910 
 
 1915 
 1910 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 _ 
 
 : 
 
 ffKrakau. Astronomical Observatory. 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 
 
 Lemberg, Observatorium der Tech- 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 nische Hochschule. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ffMoskow, Meteorologisches Observa- 
 
 ~ 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 torium der K. Universitat. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ftNijni - Oltchedaeff, Observatoire 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 
 
 Geophysique Morcoff. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Means of temperature in Stockholm for 17561905, and in Sweden for 18561907. 
 
56 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i o . 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 L.1 
 
 || 
 
 
 
 c8 
 
 0) 
 
 
 
 
 
 O> J3 
 
 ^ ~ 
 
 
 
 *H O 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 1| 
 
 EH 
 
 
 OD 
 
 CO 
 
 rr 
 
 J 3 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 If 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 i 
 
 3 
 
 0) 
 
 || 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 -C* '<-> 
 
 "in ^ 
 
 ' t 
 
 S 
 
 
 <\ 
 
 '3 
 
 1 
 
 
 ^ > 
 
 > 
 
 la 
 
 
 ^o 
 
 
 1710 
 
 P3 
 
 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 ss 
 
 Q 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. EUROPE AND MEDITERRA- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NEAN SEA AND ISLANDS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 db. Russia in Europe cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tfOdessa, Observatoire Meteorologique 
 
 - 
 
 1905 
 
 1905 
 
 - 
 
 1912t;1906 
 
 - 
 
 > 
 
 - 
 
 et Magnetique de 1'Universite 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Imperiale. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tfTiflis, Physical Observatory. 
 tfWarsaw, Station Centrale Meteoro- 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 1905 
 1910 
 
 1905 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 
 
 logique du Musee de 1' Industrie et 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 de 1'Agrioulture. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dc. German Empire : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Deutsche Seewarte (Hamburg). 
 Prussia, K. Meteorologisches Institut 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 1916 
 
 1914 
 1916 
 
 1914 
 1916 
 
 1914 
 1913 
 
 1919f 
 
 1916 
 1912 
 
 1916 
 
 (Berlin). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tfBaden, Central Bureau fur Metero- 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 .. , ' 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 logie und Hydrographie (Carlsruhe). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bavaria, K. Meteorologische Central 
 
 - 
 
 
 1917t 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1919 
 
 *s:~ ~ 
 
 - 
 
 Station (Munich). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Heseen, G. Hydrographisches Bureau 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 - ,, 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 (Darmstadt). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Saxony, K. Sachs. Landeswetterwarte 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 1913 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 (Dresden). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wiirttemberg, K. Statistisches Land- 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1912 
 
 1901 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 
 
 esamt und Meteorologische Central 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Station (Stuttgart). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aachen, Meteorologisches Observa- | - 
 
 - 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 torium. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tfBerlin, Wetter Bureau 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Bremen, Meteorologische Station. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 j-fEmden, Naturforschende Gesell- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 schaft. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Frankfurt am Main, Physikalischer 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Verein. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lindenberg, K. Preussisches Aeron- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I916f 
 
 -' 
 
 - 
 
 * ": 
 
 - 
 
 - j j->_ 
 
 - 
 
 autisches Observatorium. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Potsdam, K. Preuss. Met. Institut. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 Wilhelmshaven, Kaiserliches Observa- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 -' : 'j 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 torium. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dd. Holland ; Belgium ; Luxem- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 burg : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K. Nederlandsch Meteorologisches 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1918f 
 
 1917 
 
 1919 
 
 1913 
 
 1918 
 
 Institut (de Bilt). 
 Observatoire Royal, Uccle, Brussels. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 tfGrhent Universite 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 ~ 
 
 de. British Islands : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Meteorological Office, London, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 1919f 
 
 1916 
 
 1919)1919 
 
 1917 
 
 British Rainfall Organization (H. R. 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Mill). 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
57 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 d 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 & "' 
 
 i*"- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 
 II 
 
 
 
 "2 6 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 | S 
 
 J * 
 
 OQ 
 
 a 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 & "-i 
 
 g 
 
 
 TO 
 
 
 
 
 ol 
 
 o 
 
 II 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 .2 ^ 
 
 'a 
 
 "3 
 
 K* 
 
 8J 
 
 5 
 
 ^ * 
 
 >.-! 
 
 
 
 fcC^H 
 
 M 
 
 H 
 
 <s 
 
 TH f-H 
 
 > J '-H 
 
 fl r-H 
 
 >TJ 
 
 2 ^ 
 
 fl M 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 '3 
 
 
 
 O r* 
 
 ^3 ~ 
 
 r* 
 
 la 
 
 * fe 
 
 ^o 
 
 
 1710 
 
 Q 
 
 Ct3 
 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 a 
 
 ft 
 
 ^ 
 
 g 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180 
 
 1800 
 
 1810 
 
 1820 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. EUROPE AND MEDITERRA- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 J 
 
 
 NEAN SEA AND ISLANDS- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cmit. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dc. British Islands cunt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 R. Meteorological Society, London. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Scottish Meteorological Society, Edin- 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - . 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 burgh. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Board of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 London. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 General Register Office, Dublin. ... i 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 General Register Office, London. 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 General Register Office, Edinburgh. ... 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ' - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 Royal Observatory, Greenwich. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 19H 
 
 Arbroath, Scientific and Natural His- 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 tory Association. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bath, Medical Officer of Health. ... i 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 -, 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 ' -. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Birmingham, Scientific Association. ... i - 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 L 
 
 Blackpool. Public Health Office. ... j 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Bolton. The Museums and Meteorolo- 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 gical Observatory. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Borden Wood, Sussex (K. Lamb). 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Bournemouth (C. Dales). 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _^ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Brighton. Medical Officer of Health. ... 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Burnley. Medical Officer of Health. ... 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 ms 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Buxton, Devonshire Hospital. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 1910 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Cardiff, Naturalists' Society 
 
 'L 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 Clongowes Wood College 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 Coventry, Medical Officer of Health. 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Croydon. Natural History and Scien- 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 tific Society. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Devon, North (T. Wainwright). 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 ~ 1 ~ 
 
 - 
 
 Dorset (H. Stilwell) 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Dumfries, Crichton Royal Institution. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 -. 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 Eastbourne. Borough Meteorologist. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 ,.,-- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Falmouth, R. Cornwall Polytechnic 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 Society. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 : 2'^ 
 
 Great Yarmouth. Urban Sanitary 
 
 1911 
 
 L. 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 Authority. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hampstead Scientific Society. 
 Hastings, Borough Meteorologist. ... 
 
 : 
 
 - 
 
 : 
 
 : 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 : 
 
 - 
 
 Hertfordshire (J. Hopkinson). 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Hoy lake and West Kirby, Urban Dis- 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 trict Council. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 Kew, N.P.L 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Kidderminster. Medical Officer of 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Health. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Kingston-oil- Soar, Midland Agricul- 
 
 L 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 tural and Dairy College. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lancaster. Greg Observatory. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _. 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Liverpool Observatory, Bidston. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 Lowestoft, Medical Officer of Health. 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Manchester, Godlee Observatory. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Margate, Borough Meteorologist. 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 _. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Northampton, Natural History Society. 
 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
58 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 
 
 ~- 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 (-* 
 
 ^ "S 
 
 
 
 
 oj 
 
 
 
 B 
 
 
 
 1o 
 
 2> 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ja 
 
 Jo 
 
 O p< 
 ^ *J 
 
 s 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 IJ 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 
 
 1*3 
 
 02 
 
 if 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 p 
 
 ? 
 
 1 
 
 m 
 
 >% 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 " m 
 
 ^.^ 
 
 0) c3 
 
 
 bcW 
 
 C3 
 
 
 r* Cw 
 
 ^^3 
 
 C r "2 
 
 ^i "t^ 
 
 "^ g 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 '3 
 
 
 
 0> 
 
 ^> 
 
 ^> 
 
 la 
 
 ^ *>* 
 
 bc^ 
 *0 
 
 
 1710 
 
 P3 
 
 Ct5 
 
 W 
 
 G 
 
 ^ 
 
 ft ^ 
 
 s 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. EUROPE AND MEDITERRA- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NEAN SEA AND ISLANDS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cunt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 de. British Islands cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 Norwich, (A. W. Preston) 
 
 _ 
 
 __ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Nottingham, (A. Brown and P. 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Boobyer). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oxford, Radcliffe Observatory. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 -r 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Perth, Natural History Museum. 
 
 *. 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 Portsmouth, Medical Officer of Health. 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Royal Botanical Society, London. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Rugby School Natural History Society. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1915 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Shropshire (W. M. D. La Touche). ... 
 
 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 - j - 
 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Southport, Fernley Observatory. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Stonyhurst College Observatory. 
 
 _ 
 
 .- 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 Teigninouth, Urban District Council. 
 
 _ 
 
 1909 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Totland Bay, Isle of Wight (J. Dover). 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 ._ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 . 
 
 Truro, Cornwall County Council, 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 Sanitary Committee. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Waterford (C. E. Percival Bolton). ... 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 .. 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 Whitchurch (E. E. Glyde) 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Worksop (H. Mellish) 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 York, Yorkshire Philosophical Society. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 elf. France and Corsica. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bureau Central Meteorologique de 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 1912 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 1919 
 
 1918 
 
 1914 
 
 France (Paris). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beaulieu, Sevres et Vacquey (G. Eiffel). 
 
 _ 
 
 ^ 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 1905 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Bordeaux, Commission Meteorologique 
 
 : L 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _- 
 
 - 
 
 de la Gironde. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lyons, Commission Departementale de 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Meteorologie du Rhone. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Marseilles, Commission de Meteoro- 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 logie du Departement des Bouches- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 du-Rhone 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Paris, Service Hydrometrique du 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - .-.. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Bassin de la Seine. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per pignan, Commission Meteorologique 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 - - . 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 Strassbourg, Institut de Physique du 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Globe. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dy. Iberian Peninsula (including 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pyrenees) : Spain (with Balearic 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Islands) : Portugal : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatorio Central Meteorologico 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 (Madrid). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatorio Do Infante D. Luiz 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 1915 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 (Lisbon). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatorio, Madrid. ... - 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Barcelona, Estacio Aerologico. ... - 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 I915f 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Coimbra, Observatorio Meteorologico 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 e Magnetico da Universitade. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
59 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL Lisx continued. 
 
 
 rt 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 A 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 * 
 
 Observations. 
 
 C 
 
 || 
 
 
 
 'S 6 
 
 jt 
 
 
 
 
 
 rd o 
 
 g & 
 
 GO 
 g 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 11 
 
 $ 
 
 
 . 
 
 03 
 
 . 
 
 | 
 
 t-i 
 
 O 
 
 11 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 o be 
 
 'A 
 
 1 
 
 > 2 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 m 
 
 r^^ 
 
 -2 ^ 
 
 
 hflW 
 
 jj 
 
 m 
 
 *H ^ 
 
 
 d ^ 
 
 ^"S 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 G 02 
 
 
 <^ 
 
 3 
 
 6 
 
 0> 
 
 "e3 * > 
 
 a; K* 
 
 a 8, 
 
 0) fe 
 
 K?O 
 
 
 1710 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 Q 
 
 & 
 
 s 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180 
 
 1800 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a. EUROPE AND MEDITERRA- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NEAN SEA AND ISLANDS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dg. Iberian Peninsula (including 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pyrenees) : Spain (with Balearic 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Islands) : Portugal cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Gibraltar (Blue Book). 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 Granada, Observatorio Meteorologico 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 1908 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 de Cartuja. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Malaga, Sociedad Malagvena de 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Ciencias. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mahon (Minorca) B. C. M. Paris. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Oita, Observatorio. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oporto, Observatorio Meteorologico da 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Princeza D. Amelia. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 San Fernando. Institute y Observatorio 
 
 , ~ ? 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 de Marina. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tortosa, Observatorio de 1'Ebro 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 dh. Italy : Sicily and Sardinia : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ufficio Centrale Meteorologico e Geo-li- 
 
 1917 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 _ 
 
 ^t__ 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 
 - 
 
 namico Italiana (Rome). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Porte Alegre, Institute Astronomico e 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Meteorologico. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bologna, Osservaterio della R. Uni- 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 :-; - T , ' 
 
 versita. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Catania. R. Osservatorio 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 Florence, R. Museo di Fisica e Storia 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Naturale 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Genoa, R. Institute Idrografico 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - . 
 
 Milan, R. Osservatorio Astronomico 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 di Brera. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Modena. R. Osservatorio Geofisico. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 191! 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 Moncarlieri. Osservatorio del Real 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Collegio Carlo Alberto. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Naples, Institute di Fisica Terrestre. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 Naples, R. Osservatorio di Capodi- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 monte. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pola, Ufficio Idrografico. ... ... ' - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 Riposte, Osservatorio Meteorologico - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 del R. Institute Nautico. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Trieste. R. Institute Geofisico. 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 1909 
 
 1909 
 
 1909 
 
 1915 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Turin, Osservatorio della R. Universita. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 Venice, Osservatorio Meteorologico 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 del Seminario Patriarcale. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Venice, Ufficio Idrografico. 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 di. Switzerland : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Schweizerisehe Meteorologische Cen- 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 9l8f 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 tral Anstalt. (Zurich). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Berne, Abteilung fiir Landeshydro- 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 1907 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 graphie. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Davos, Meteorolog-ischen Station. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
60 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 *d 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i I ^ 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 r-H _^j 
 
 j; -g 
 
 
 
 
 a! 
 
 
 ?-i C3 
 
 S 
 
 
 . 
 
 2 
 
 S3 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jo 
 
 a 
 
 ^03 
 
 1 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 'a .2 
 
 H 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 J* 
 
 o3 
 
 1J 
 
 INSTITUTION, &o. 
 
 2 '^ 
 
 ? 
 
 1 
 
 *1 
 
 $ 
 
 fl | 
 
 ^ X 
 
 >. 
 
 '" *"" 
 
 
 jf W 
 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 Is 
 
 pfrjS 
 
 
 "*" " 4 ro 
 
 C m 
 
 
 1710 
 
 & 
 
 ID 
 
 W 
 
 Q 
 
 l^ 
 
 , 
 
 3 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 d. EUROPE AND MEDITERRA- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 NEAN SEA AND ISLANDS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 di. Switzerland cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Davos Traffic Association 
 
 .. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 Geneve et le Grand St. Bernard.- (B. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Gautier). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Moritz. (R. Gautier et H. Duaime). 
 
 - < 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 dk. Austria, Hungary and Czecho- 
 slovakia : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K.K. Central Anstalt fur Meteorologie 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 I913t 
 
 1911 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 und Erdmagnetismus. (Vienna). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K.K. Hydrographischer Dienst in 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - | 1913 
 
 - 
 
 Oesterreich (Vienna). 
 M. Kir, Orszagos Meteorologiai es 
 Foldmagnessegi Intezet. (Budapest), 
 tflnnsbruck, Meteorologisches Obser- 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 1909 
 1912 
 
 1909 
 1912 
 
 1919 
 1912 
 
 1909 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 1919 
 
 vatorium. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Prague, K.K. Stern war te 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 .-." 1 ~ 
 
 1912 
 
 dl. Balkan Peninsula : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tfObservatorul Astronomic si Meteoro- 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 1902 
 
 1902 
 
 1902 
 
 1902 
 
 1913 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 logie (Bucharest). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatoire National (Athens). 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 tfSarajevo, Landesregierung. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 _. 
 
 - 
 
 Monastir and Cavalla. Bureau Central 
 
 . i 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ; ' - 
 
 1914 
 
 - : ' - 
 
 - 
 
 Met., Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Salonika, Gymnase Bulgar 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 '. - " 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Salonika and Scutari, K.K. Central- 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 - ! - 
 
 - 
 
 Anstalt fiir Meteorologie, Vienna. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sofia, Institut Meteorologique Central 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 1919 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 de Bulgarie. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 dm. Mediterranean and Islands : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cyprus. (Blue Book) 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Cyprus Public Works Department. 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - ' - 
 
 - 
 
 (Nicosia). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Malta Observatory 
 Survey Department, Cairo. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 1911 
 
 - 1913 
 
 - 
 
 dq. English Channel, including 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Channel Islands: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Guernsey. (A. Collenette) 
 
 
 1912 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Jersey, Observatoire St. Louis. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 1913^ 
 
 1913 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 1908 
 
 
til 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 
 
 >? . 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 P^ Ck 
 
 43 -P 
 
 
 
 
 tJ2 
 
 
 !H e3 
 
 fl O 
 
 
 . 
 
 1-i 
 
 0> 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 jn 
 
 5 
 
 ^ i 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 -4-3 M 
 
 i i 0> 
 
 J .r-l 
 
 H 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 '~* 
 
 11 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 u ko 
 
 ^ 
 
 "3 
 
 >! 
 
 rn 
 & 
 
 J 
 
 ^ s 
 
 CD 
 
 >..A 
 
 '3 fc 
 
 O 3) 
 
 
 'SoW 
 
 3 
 
 <3 
 
 rs *C3 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 ^ -*J 
 
 3 ^ 
 
 'n 
 
 
 1710 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 0> 
 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 |t> 
 
 Q & 
 
 ^ 
 
 | 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 e. ASIA AND MALAY ARCHI- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PELAGO. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ea. Asiatic Russia : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Obserratoire Physique Central Nicolas. \ 
 
 _ 
 
 1908 1905 
 
 1908 
 
 1908 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 1905 
 
 (Petrograd). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eaa. West Siberia: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Obset'fatoire Physique Central Nicolas, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1908 
 
 1908 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 Petrograd. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eab. East Siberia : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatoire Physique Central Nicolas, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1908 
 
 1908 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 Petrograd. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 eac. Central Asiatic Russia . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatoire Physique Central Nicolas, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1908 1908 
 
 - 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 Petrograd. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eb. China and Dependencies : Tibet, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Corea : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hong-Kong Observatory 
 Chemulpo, Meteorological Observatory. 
 Jinsen, Meteorological Observatory. .. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1914 
 1917 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 Deutsche Seewarte, Hamburg. ... 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 1901 
 
 1911 
 
 I 
 
 - 
 
 Hankow, Griffith John College. 
 
 ._ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Kashgar, &c., Meteorological Office, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 India (Simla). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nantung, Chen-shan Meteorological 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 .- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Observatory 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ou-tschang. K.K. Central- Austalt fur 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Meteorologie, Vienna. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Toliio, Central-Meteorological Obser- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1917 
 
 1919 
 
 1918 
 
 - ' 
 
 * vatory. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tchen-Tou,Tien-Tsin,Yunnan-Sen,&c. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 - i 
 
 
 
 bureau Central Met., Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zikawei, Ohservatoire Magnetic ue et 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1919 | 
 
 1918 
 
 Meteorologique. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ec. Japanese Islands, Formosa : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Central Meteorological Observatory 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 1917 
 
 1919 i 
 
 - 
 
 (Tokio). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mizusawa, International Latitude 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 _ _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tsukubasan, Observatorium 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Osaka, Meteorological Observatory. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - ; - 
 
 - 
 
62 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 o> . 
 
 &J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 P5 jg 
 
 4J ""^ 
 
 
 
 Id 
 
 i 
 
 s 
 
 
 II 
 
 || 
 
 M 
 
 . a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -2 '5 
 
 cS 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 0^ 
 
 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 
 R 
 
 
 ro 
 
 02 
 
 v' 
 
 11 
 
 g 
 
 If 
 
 INSTITUTION, &C. 
 
 o &0 
 
 ' 
 
 1 
 
 | 
 
 o> 
 
 ''3 
 
 UJ 
 
 <! 
 
 K J| 
 
 si 
 
 11 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 '3 
 
 o 
 
 
 "3 ^" 
 
 K* 
 
 '3 E. 
 
 OJ J 
 
 yo 
 
 
 1710 
 
 tf 
 
 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 s 
 
 Q 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f. ASIA AND MALAY ARCHI- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 PELAGO twit. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 e I. French Indo-China : Tonquin, 
 
 
 
 
 
 : 
 
 
 
 Annam, &c. : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bureau Central Met. Paris 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 1914 
 
 t 
 
 _ 
 
 Phu-lien, Observatoire 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 1 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 c<\ Siam : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pnom-Penh, &c. Bureau Central Met. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ef. British India ; Himalaya, Bur- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 mah, Ceylon : 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 Meteorological Office, India (Simla). 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 Agricultural Department, Calcutta. ... 
 Meteorological Office, Bengal, Cal- 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 1918 
 
 1916 
 
 ~ 
 
 191.6 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 cutta. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatory, Colombo 
 
 _ 
 
 _ . 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 Allahabad, Meteorological Office. 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 . . : 
 
 - 
 
 - 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 Bangalore, Mysore Government 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 _- .. 
 
 - 
 
 Meteorological Department. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bomba} 7 , Government Observatory. ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1910 
 
 Kodaikanal, Observatory 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 -" 
 
 -^ 
 
 "' 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Meteorological Reporter to Govern- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 ment, Punjab. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Karikal, Pondicherry,&c. Bureau Cen- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 
 
 tral Met., Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 eg. Malay Peninsula and Archi- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 pelago, Philippines, &c. : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Royal Magnetic and Meteorological 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1914f 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 Observatory. (Batavia). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Philippine Weather Bureau, Manila - 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 19ia 
 
 Central Observatory. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Principal Civil Medical Officer, Straits 
 
 1904 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 -'-,- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Settlement. (Singapore). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 British North Borneo. (British North 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Borneo Herald). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Buitenzorg, Institut Botanique de - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 ''}-' 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1'Etat, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Federated Malay States (Govt, 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Gazette). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Penang. Singapore. Meteorological - 
 
 - 
 
 .- ' ' 
 
 - ; - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - . 
 
 - 
 
 Office, India. (Simla). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Singapore Straits Settlements Blue - 
 
 - 
 
 i9ia 
 
 - 1 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Book. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 p.h. Persia, Afghanistan, Baluchi- 
 stan, Pamirs : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bushire, Ispahan, Jask, Kabul, Quetta, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 &c. Meteorological Office, India. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Simla). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
63 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 T3 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i 
 
 fe 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 Observations. 
 
 M| 
 
 || 
 
 
 
 li 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 & o 
 
 &j 
 
 d 
 
 
 ^H --H 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 ^ .1-1 
 
 s 
 
 
 . 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 glj 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 tl 
 
 ? 
 
 7! 
 
 Jfri 
 
 05 
 
 1 
 
 |3 
 
 a 
 
 >.^ 
 
 Is 
 
 
 
 ** 
 
 
 fH ""* 
 
 ^^H 
 
 C3 r- 1 
 
 ^^ i2 
 
 1*4 s? 
 
 C CQ 
 
 
 <i 
 
 'S 
 
 1 
 
 0>> 
 
 ^p> 
 
 0) K* 
 
 91 
 
 s^ 
 
 ^o 
 
 
 1710 
 
 P5 
 
 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 s 
 
 Q 
 
 ^ 
 
 s 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 e. ASIA AND MALAY ARCHI- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ei. Asiatic Turkey r Arabia, Syria : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Aden, Baghdad, Bahrein, Busrah, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 1 - 
 
 - 
 
 Muscat, Bey rout. Meteorological 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Office India. (Simla). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Angola, Observatodo Meteorologico.... 
 Babylon, Deutsche Seewarte, Hamburg. 
 
 : 
 
 1917 
 
 : 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 1912 
 
 
 
 1917 
 
 : 
 
 Bey rout, Observatory, Syrian Protes- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 tant College. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beyrout, Jerusalem, &c., K.K. Central- 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 - ; - 
 
 - 
 
 Amtalt fur Meteorologie, Vienna. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hebron, Scottish Met. Soc., Edinburgh. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 - - 
 
 - 
 
 Ksara. (Liban), Observatoire 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bureau Central Met. Paris. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Smyrna. Surrey Department. Cairo. ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 f. AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fa. Mediterranean States, Morocco, 
 
 
 
 - . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli :^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Service Meteorologique du Gouverns 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ment General de 1'Algerie. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Algeria and Tunis, Benghazi (Tripoli) 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Tangier, Mazagan, Bureau Central 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Met. Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Casablanca, Marrakesch, Mogador, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Saffi. Deutsclie Seewarte Hamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Melilla, Obserratorio Central Meteoro- 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 logico, Madrid. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fb. North-east Africa, Egypt, Nile 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Valley to 5N., Abyssinia: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Survey Department, Cairo. 
 
 _ 
 
 1912 
 
 1912 
 
 1910 
 
 1912 
 
 1910 
 
 1919 
 
 1916 
 
 r>i2 
 
 Department of Public Health, Cairo. 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 Berbera, Somaliland 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 Ismailia, Port Said, Suez, Adis-Abeba 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 (Abyssinia). Bureau Central Met. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fc. Sahara and the Central Sudan :- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Fort Lamy (Tchad), <kc ., Bureau 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1908 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Central Met. Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 'd 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i 
 
 >* 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 C 
 
 || 
 
 
 
 Id 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 
 
 rfl O 
 
 g S* 
 
 3 
 
 
 S3'S 
 
 c3 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 c^ 
 
 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 T5.8 
 
 EH 
 
 
 en 
 
 
 . 
 
 J 33 2 
 
 
 
 Tf 
 
 % INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 .2 ^ 
 
 ? 
 
 "d 
 
 >> 
 
 8 
 
 p 
 
 1 
 
 ^ 2 
 
 ^/^ 
 
 '43 
 
 
 bcK 
 
 'TH 
 
 c> 
 
 TH > 
 
 
 3 r2 
 
 >s"2 
 
 ^4 ^ 
 
 a | 
 
 
 1710 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 W^ 
 
 "e3 ^* 
 P 
 
 |t> 
 
 ia 
 
 Q 
 
 | 
 
 b&Q 
 
 1 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f. AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO lit. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fd. West Africa, including French 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sudan, from Morocco to the 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Congo : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mitteilungen aus den Deutsohen 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Schutzgebieten. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Accra, Observatory. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 - - 
 
 
 
 Gambia, Medical Officer 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 - ! 
 
 - 
 
 Gambia. (Blue Book). 
 
 - 
 
 " - ^ 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 - ;- - 
 
 - 
 
 Lagos, Survey Department. ... 
 Northern Nigeria. (Blue Book). 
 
 1913 
 
 - _ 
 
 1918 
 
 ~ 
 
 1918 
 
 1914 
 1919 
 
 - X. 
 
 _ 
 
 Sierra Leone. (Freetown). ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Southern Nigeria G overnment Gazette 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - - 
 
 - 
 
 Togo. (P. Heidke) 
 Zungeru. (Northern Nigeria), Prin- 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 ~ 
 
 1919 
 
 1912 
 1919 
 
 : : 
 
 : 
 
 cipal Medical Officer. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dahomey, French Guinea, French 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 - i ^j 
 
 - 
 
 Sudan. Ivory Coast, Senegal. Bit t'fau 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Central Met., Par in. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mamfe (Cameroon), Togo. Deutscli* 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - . 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Srewarte, JIamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fe. Congo State and Angola :- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lambarene, Libreville and other sta- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 tions. Bureau Central Met., Paris 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ff. East Africa ; British (with 
 
 
 
 
 
 F 
 
 
 
 Uganda) ; Portuguese (north 
 
 
 
 
 
 L 
 
 
 
 
 of the Zambesi) ; British Cen- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 tral Africa ; Lake Region : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutz- \ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 gebiefan. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 German East Africa. Deutsche See- \ - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 warte Hamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 British East Africa Agricultural De- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 1905 
 
 - 
 
 partment. (Nairobi). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Entebbe. (Uganda Protectorate Blue : - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Book). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rhodesia, Government Statist ana Agri- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 cultural Department. 
 Rhodesia (Southern), Rhodesia Agri- 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 cultural Journal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Uganda Protectorate, Scientific and 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Forestry Depart u ent. (Entebbe). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zanzibar, Meteorological Office, India , - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zomba, Forestry and Botanical De- 
 
 1903 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 partment. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Lorenzo Marques, Observatorio ... ! 
 
 - 
 
 1917 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 " 
 
 " 
 
 ~ 
 
 * 
 
65 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 "3 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i 
 
 IT 
 
 
 
 c8 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 PH j 
 
 tfi "g 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t-4 c3 
 
 fl O 
 
 
 
 S-s 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 $ 
 
 Sj 
 
 QD 
 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 fl.8 
 
 EH 
 
 
 00* 
 
 
 
 11 
 
 H ^ 
 
 I'-i 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 &o 
 'C ** 
 
 3 
 
 "S 
 
 
 53 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 bfiW 
 
 
 3 
 
 ll 
 
 5*3 
 
 d <- 
 
 JH 1 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 'c3 
 
 1 
 
 o> 
 
 Q^ 
 
 OJ fc> 
 
 '3 &. 
 
 0> ^ 
 
 tQ 
 
 
 1710 
 
 P5 
 
 O 
 
 W 
 
 
 S 
 
 P 
 
 fc 
 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180 
 
 1800 
 
 . 1810 
 
 1820 
 
 1825 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 f. AFRICA AND MADAGASCAR 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 />/. South Africa South of Angola 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 and the Zambesi : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Meteorological Commission. (Cape 
 
 _ 
 
 1908 
 
 1908 
 
 1902 
 
 _ 
 
 1908 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Town). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Transvaal Meteorological Department. 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 (Johannesburg). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Beira, Observatorio Meteorologico. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 
 
 . _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Durban, Natal Observatory. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 1902 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Damara, Deutsche Seewarte Hamburg. 
 Loanda, Observatorio. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ; 
 
 ..1912 
 
 1915 
 
 : 
 
 : 
 
 : 
 
 Southern Rhodesia, Agricultural 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Journal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen Schutz- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 gebieten. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 fh. Madagascar and Comoro 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Group : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Tananarive, Observatoire. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 
 
 _ 
 
 Bureau Central Met., Paris. ... 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 . - 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 ii. Red Sea and Islands : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Perim, Meteorological Office, India. 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 
 
 1911 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 '). NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ya. Alaska : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Sitka, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 Washington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 jb. Canada as a whole : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Meteorological Service, Dominion of 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 1918 
 
 1919 
 
 19191 
 
 1918 
 
 Canada. (Toronto). 
 Toronto Observatory 
 U.S Weather Bureau, Washington. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 1917 
 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 jc. Canadian Dominion West : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Edmonton, Department of Agriculture. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 - 
 
 yd. Canadian Dominion East : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Newfoundland, Labrador : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hebron, Nain, Deutsche Seewarte 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Hamburg. 
 St. Croix, Dansk Meteorologist Institut, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Copenhagen. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 29106 
 
GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 g 
 
 ou 
 
 Observations. 
 
 *! 
 
 If 
 
 
 
 1 2 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 |o 
 
 %j 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 ;! 
 
 & 
 
 
 4 
 
 OQ 
 
 QQ 
 
 j^ 
 
 ~ 
 
 *"* *Tj 
 
 J > 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 >s 
 
 3 
 
 f-H 
 
 Kg 
 
 9 
 53 
 
 fl 
 
 
 
 
 
 "S 
 
 
 HttXj 
 
 
 3 
 
 a 'cs 
 
 ^3 
 
 
 ^"S 
 
 ^ s 
 
 
 
 1710 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 w 
 
 r 
 
 |> 
 
 a a 
 p 
 
 If 
 
 |o 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180 
 
 1800 
 
 1810 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 </. NORTH AMERICA cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 </f. United States as a whole : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 U.S. Weather Bureau, Department of 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1917 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 Agriculture, Washington. 
 U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 Washington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gg. North-Eastern United States, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East of Mississippi : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cambridge (Mass.) Astronomical Ob- 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 \-~ 
 
 servatory of Harvard College. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 New York, Meteorological Observatory. 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 i" 
 
 gh. South-Eastern United States, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 East of Mississippi : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cheltenham, Md. U.S. Coast and 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 Geodetic Survey, Washington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 gi. Western United States, West 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of Mississippi : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Baldwin, Kansas, U.S. Coast and 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1909 
 
 Geodetic Survey, Washington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Berkeley, University of California. ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 " 
 
 ;Z. Mexico : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Observatorio Meteorologico Central, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Leon, Observatorio Meteorologico. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 Morelia, Observatorio Meteorologico. 
 Oaxaca, Observatorio Meteorologico. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 - 
 
 1911 
 
 
 
 Puebla, Boletin de Estradistica. 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 _ ; _ 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington. ... 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ i _ 
 
 
 1917 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Zacatecas, Observatorio. 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 1911 - 
 
 1911 
 
 1911 
 
 ~ 
 
 " 
 
 
 h. CENTRAL AND SOUTH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 AMERICA AND WEST INDIES 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hb. Central America^ &c. : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Belize, Colonial Surgeon. 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 i 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 yL a 
 
 Panama, U.S. Weather Bureau, Wash- 
 
 
 _ 
 
 : _ 
 
 
 1912 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 San Salvador, Observatorio Meteoro- 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ | _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 _ 
 
 -.. 
 
 - 
 
 logico y Astronomico. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
67 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i . 
 
 *.- 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 . 
 
 Observations. 
 
 1 
 
 ft O 
 
 S. 
 
 
 1.2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 0) jd 
 
 30 
 
 o p< 
 ^05 
 
 i 
 
 o 
 
 NAME OP 
 
 8- 
 
 H 
 
 
 en 
 
 
 . 
 
 11 
 
 
 11 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 gS 
 
 ? 
 
 i 
 
 
 s 
 
 E3 
 
 cE 
 
 s 
 
 JH*^ 
 
 ' 
 
 
 4f w 
 
 .9 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 i^? 
 
 1? 
 
 fa 
 
 Hj 
 
 G <n 
 
 
 1710 
 
 PH 
 
 
 w 
 
 S 
 
 m 
 
 Q 
 
 ^ 
 
 S 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 h. CENTRAL AND SOUTH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 AMERICA AND WEST INDIES 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cont. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 he. West Indian Islands, Caribbean 
 Sea, Gulf of Mexico : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Antigua, Government Laboratory. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 . 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 .^ 
 
 -, 
 
 Bahamas * ... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 __ 
 
 
 
 Balboa Heights, Isthmian Canal Com- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 mission. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Barbados, Department of Agriculture. 
 
 _. 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Bermuda, Meteorological Service of 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Canada. (Toronto). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Bermuda, Registrar General 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Bermuda. (Prospect) 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 Cienfuegos, Observatorio. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Grenada, Carriacou Observatory. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 Grenada, Richmond Hill Observatory. 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Guadelo upe, Haiti, Martinique, Bureau 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Central Met., Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Havana, Observatorio del Colegio de 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 Belen. 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Havana, Secretaria de Agricultura, &c. 
 
 1915 
 
 - 
 
 1915 
 
 - 
 
 1915 
 
 1915 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Jamaica, Weather Office, Kingston. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 Porto Rico (Vieques), U.S. Coast and 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 Geodetic Survey, Washington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Lucia, Agricultural Superintendent. 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 St. Lucia, Botanic Gardens. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 St. Lucia, Harbour Master. 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 St. Vincent. Botanic Gardens. 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 r 
 
 - 
 
 Jid. Guiana British. Dutch and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 French ; Venezuela ; Trinidad : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ti-'~< *'-pi il 
 
 
 Cayenne, Bureau Cen. Met., Paris. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1914 
 
 1914 
 
 - ! - 
 
 - 
 
 Georgetown, Demarara, Botanic 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1917 
 
 - i - 
 
 - 
 
 Gardens. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Trinidad, Royal Botanic Gardens. 
 
 - 
 
 1908 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 _ _ 
 
 
 
 hg. Bolivia: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Puerto Cobij a, Deutsche Seewarte, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 - ; - 
 
 - 
 
 Hamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hh. Brazil: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Curityba, Observatorio Meteorologico 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 _ : _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Minas Geraes, Service de Meteorologia 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 - 
 
 Cuyaba, Observatorio Meteorologico 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 
 -' 
 
 " D. Bosco." 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rio Janiero, Observatorio Nacional . . 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ ; _ 
 
 
 
 Sao Paulo, Secretaria da Agricultura, 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 &c. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Rio Grande do Sul (Azambuja, G.A. de) 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - |1913 { 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 59106 
 
 02 
 
68 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 Observations. 
 
 PS ,8 
 
 *~* t-< 
 
 
 
 
 i! 
 
 
 ?H S 
 
 S3 O 
 
 
 
 d 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 
 
 fo 
 
 g & 
 
 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 T5.I 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 
 
 "2 
 
 v^ C 
 
 !H 
 
 o 
 11 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 O kC 
 
 S 
 
 sj 
 
 >> " 
 
 C 
 
 1 
 
 !> ^ 
 
 !>~rd 
 
 J > 
 
 
 ' 
 
 55 
 
 S3 
 
 *3 -H 
 
 ^Jz 
 
 a ~ 
 
 ^-2 
 
 2 S 
 
 o> S 
 
 
 <1 
 
 
 I 
 
 O * 
 
 ? t> 
 
 o f> 
 
 "S a 
 
 QJ ^ 
 
 ^o 
 
 
 1710 
 
 P3 
 
 5 
 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 S 
 
 P 
 
 ^ 
 
 fl 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180 
 
 1800 
 
 . 1810 
 
 1820 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 h. CENTRAL AND SOUTH ! 
 
 
 
 
 : 
 
 
 
 
 AMERICA AND WEST INDIES 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 cdnt. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hi. Argentina, Uruguay, and Para- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 guay :^- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oficina Meteorologica Argentina - 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 (Buenos Aires). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Direction General del Servicio Meteoro- 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 _. 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 logico Nacional Monte Video. 
 
 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 
 Monte Video, Observatorio Nacional 
 
 j_ 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 1910; 
 
 _ 
 
 1910 
 
 _ 
 
 Fisico-Climatologico. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Monte Video, Institute Meteorologico 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Nacional. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hk. Chili : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Punta Arenas, Observatorio Meteoro- f - 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 i - 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 _ 
 
 logioo del Colegio Salesiano "S. 
 
 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 Jose." 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Santiago, Institute Central Meteoro- 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 1915 
 
 1912 
 
 1917 
 
 1917 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 logico. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 hi. Falkland Islands : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Stanley 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 i. AUSTRALASIA. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ia. New Guinea : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Papua. (Government Gazette). 
 Mitteilungen aus den Dtuttohen Sohutx- 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 : 
 
 : 
 
 gebieten. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ib. Bismarck Archipelago : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nauru, Rakuranga. Deutsche Stewart*, 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Hamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ic. Australia : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Central Weather Bureau. (Melbourne). 
 
 _ 
 
 1917 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1919 
 
 1918 
 
 _ 
 
 Sydney, Commonwealth Weather 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Bureau. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 if. Victoria : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Melbourne, Central Weather Bureau. 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ih. West Australia : 
 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 Perth, Commonwealth Bureau. 
 
 _ 
 
 1911 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Perth, Government Statistician's 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
69 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 a 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 
 i 
 
 , . 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 Observations. 
 
 P3 . 
 
 5 ** 
 
 
 
 
 | 
 
 
 fcj 
 
 || 
 
 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ~ 2 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 fo 
 
 
 d 
 
 NAME OP 
 
 5 3 
 
 H 
 
 
 ro 
 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 VI ^ 
 
 11 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 "So 
 
 'S 
 
 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 OQ 
 
 ^S 
 
 
 
 'SoW 
 
 3 
 
 C 
 
 rj C3 
 
 >l-H 
 
 SlS 
 
 5>i 
 
 s * 
 
 a n 
 
 
 
 'e8 
 
 1 
 
 
 '3 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 'e8 E< 
 
 j 
 
 ^O 
 
 
 1710 
 
 m 
 
 
 w 
 
 Q 
 
 
 H 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020. 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i. AUSTRALASIA mrf. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ik. New Zealand .- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Wellington, Meteorological Office. ... 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 1905 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Wellington, Government Observatory. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1916 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 U. New Caledonia. New Hebrides, 
 and Loyalty Islands : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Noumea, Paita (N. Cal.), Port Vila 
 
 _ 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 fNew Hebrides). Bureau Central 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Met., Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 k. ARCTIC : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Jib. Greenland : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dansk Meteorolog ink Institut (Copn- 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 hagen}. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 kd. Islands North of Europe and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Asia : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Spitzbergeu (A. Graarud). 
 Spitzbergen, Observatorium 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1910 
 
 - 
 
 1912 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 I. ATLANTIC : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ib. Azores, Canaries, Madeira, Cape 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Verde : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Service Meteorologique des Acores, 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1916 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 .. : 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Ponta Delgada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Teneriffe, Las Palmaa and Laguna. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Observatorio Central Meteorologico, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Madrid. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Teneriffe. Las Palmas. Observatorio 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1915 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Do Infante D. Luiz, Lisbon. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Teneriffe, Las Palmas. Bureau 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 
 
 Central Met., Paris. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Teneriffe (Puerto de Orotava) 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 
 
 1912 
 
 
 
 .- 
 
 
 
 Deutsche Seewarte, Hamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m. INDIAN OCEAN : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ma. Ocean and Islands North of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Equator : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Amini Divi, Minicoy. Meteorological 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 
 Office, India. (Simla) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
70 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL LIST continued. 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 Meteorological 
 Observations. 
 
 . 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - ~ 
 
 go 
 
 
 * 
 
 'S o" 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o ft 
 
 CO 
 
 a 
 
 
 "S 
 
 Is 
 
 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Qj 
 
 
 
 NAME OF 
 
 a.S 
 
 H 
 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CD 
 
 11 
 
 o o> 
 
 II 
 
 INSTITUTION, &c. 
 
 .2 >? 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 
 c8 
 
 V 
 
 3 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 1710 
 
 a 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 o> 
 
 w 
 
 f 1 
 
 P 
 
 p 
 
 11 
 
 8 | 
 
 BA^3 
 
 3 
 
 
 & 
 
 1180. 
 
 1800. 
 
 1810. 
 
 1820. 
 
 1825. 
 
 1830. 
 
 1840. 
 
 3020, 
 
 
 1730. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 m. INDIAN OCEAN cant. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 mb. Ocean and Islands South of 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 Equator : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christmas Island. Scottish Met. Soc. 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 1918 
 
 - ] - 
 
 - 
 
 Edinburgh. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Christmas Island. Straits Settle- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ~ 
 
 1911 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ments Gazette. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mauritius, Royal Alfred Observatory 
 
 - 
 
 1918 
 
 1917 
 
 1919 ; - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1909 
 
 Mauritius, Seychelles, Diego Garcia, i - 
 Meteorological Office, India. (Simla). 
 Reunion. Bureau Central Met., Paru- - 
 
 1910 
 
 
 
 
 1911 
 1910 
 
 
 
 
 Seychelles. (Blue Book) 
 
 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 1918 
 
 1918 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 n. PACIFIC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nd. ne. Pacific Islands North of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Equator : 
 
 
 
 
 
 j 
 
 
 
 
 Honolulu. U.S. Coast and Geodetic 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1916 
 
 Survey, Washington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Honolulu. U.S. Weather Bureau, 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1917 - 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Washington. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Caroline, Gilbert and Marshall Islands. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - ; 1912 
 
 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Deutsche Seeivarte, Hamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Mitteilungen aus den Deutschen 
 
 - 
 
 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - ! - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 Schutzgebieten. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 nf. nh. Pacific Islands South of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Equator : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Samoa and Cook Islands. Deutsche 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 1906 
 
 1910 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 _ 
 
 Seewarte, Hamburg. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Suva, Department of Agriculture. ... 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 1919 
 
 1919 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 _ 
 
 Makatea. Bureau Central Met., Paris 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1913 
 
 1913 
 
 *~ 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 o. ANTARCTIC. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ob. S. Georgia, and Islands S. of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S. Atlantic : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Petermann Island. (J. Rouch). 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1909 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 oc. Islands South of Indian 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ocean : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Voyage du navire " Curieuse. " 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 19H 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 ltd. Islands to Southward and 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 South-East of New Zealand : 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 British Antarctic Expedition* 1911- 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 913 
 
 1913 1913 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 - 
 
 1913. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71 
 
 LIST OF CURRENT METEOROLOGICAL PERIODICALS AND JOURNALS CONTAINING 
 
 OCCASIONAL ARTICLES ON METEOROLOGICAL SUBJECTS RECEIVED FOR THE 
 
 LIBRARY OP THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE, LONDON. 
 
 Annales de 1'Observatoire Municipal, Paris. 
 
 Annales du Bureau Central Meteorologique de France. 
 
 fAnnalen der Hydrographie und maritimem Meteorolgie. 
 
 Annali dell'TJfficio Centrale Meteorologico e Geodinamico Italiano. 
 
 Annuaire de la Societe Meteorologique de France-. 
 
 fAnnuaire Meteorologique de 1'Observatoire Royal de Belgique. 
 
 Astrophysical Journal. 
 
 Aus dem Archiv der Deutschen Seewarte. 
 
 Australian Monthly Weather Report. 
 
 fBeitrage zur Physik der freien Atmosphare. 
 
 Boletiii mensuel del Observatorio meteorologico central de Mexico, 
 
 Bollettino bimensuale della Societa Meteorologica Italiana. 
 
 Boletin del Obesrvatorio del Ebro. 
 
 t Bullet in of the Mount Weather Observatory. 
 
 Bulletin of the Philippine Weather Bureau. 
 
 ffCairo Scientific Journal. 
 fCiel et Terre. 
 
 Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de 1'Academie des Sciences, 
 Paris. 
 
 fDas Wetter. 
 
 Geographical Journal. 
 Geographical Review. 
 Globe (Le), Journal Geographique. 
 
 Indian Meteorological Memoirs. 
 
 International Review of Science and Practice of Agriculture. 
 
 tfJahrbuch der Astronomie und Geophysik (H. J. Klein). 
 
 Journal of the Board of Agriculture. 
 
 Journal of the British Astronomical Association. 
 
 Journal of the Franklin Institute. 
 
 Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. 
 
 Journal of the Royal United Service Institution. 
 
 Journal of the Scottish Meteorological Society. 
 
 Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 
 
 London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of 
 
 Science. 
 Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical 
 
 Society. 
 
 Memorias de Sociedad Cientifica " Antonio Alzate," Mexico. 
 Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 
 
 Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete des Seewesens, Pola. 
 
 Monthly Meteorological Bulletin of the Nicolas Central Physical Observa- 
 tory. 
 
 Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 
 Monthly Weather Review of the U.S. Weather Bureau 
 
 Nature. 
 Nature (La). 
 Nautical Magazine. 
 
 Oversigt over det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab Forhandlinger. 
 
 f fPetermann's (Dr.A.) Mitteilungen aus Justus Perthes' Geographischer 
 Anstalt. 
 
 + Publications which give information for the upper air, obtained with balloons 
 or kites. 
 }f Indicates that exchange of publications has not been fully resumed since the war. 
 
72 
 
 Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 
 Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 
 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 
 Proceedings of the Royal Institution. 
 Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 
 Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 
 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 
 
 Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 
 Revista Meteorico-Agraria. 
 
 Science. 
 
 Science Abstracts. 
 
 Scientia. 
 
 Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society. 
 
 Scottish Geographical Magazine. 
 
 Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge. 
 
 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 
 
 fSymons's Meteorological Magazine. 
 
 Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootscliap. 
 Terrestrial Magnetism. 
 
 AVireless World. 
 
 f Publications which give information for the upper air, obtained with balloons 
 or kites. 
 
73 
 
 APPENDIX IX. 
 
 INSTITUTIONS ON THE PRESENTATION LISTS OF THE 
 METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE. 
 
 OBSERVERS contributing returns printed in one of the periodical publications 
 receive a copy of the publication. It is requested that the copies be returned to 
 the Office or filed in a public library or other institution where the public can 
 consult them when the observer does not wish to keep them permanently for his 
 personal use. 
 
 The Daily Weather Report is sent to seaports and to a few places in London 
 for exhibition. 
 
 The Annual Report is sent to all observers at land stations in connexion with 
 the Office who express a wish to receive it. 
 
 Periodical or occasional publications are sent to the institutions named in the 
 following list in exchange for publications received, or for the information of 
 the public. 
 
 EUROPE. 
 
 EUROPE cont. 
 
 Norway. 
 
 Russia cont. 
 
 Bergen 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 Makeevka "... 
 
 ttSeismological Obser- 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 vatory. 
 
 
 Geophysical Institute. 
 
 Moscow 
 
 ttObservatory. 
 
 Christiana ... 
 
 Geophysical Commis- 
 
 Nicolaieff . 
 
 ttHydographic Office. 
 
 
 sion. 
 
 Odessa 
 
 ttObservatory. 
 
 
 Meteorological Institute. 
 
 Pavlovsk 
 
 ttObservatory. 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 Pulkowa . 
 
 ttaeismolog-ical Obser- 
 
 
 
 vatory. 
 
 DatMict )'Jt-* 
 
 Petrograd ... 
 
 ttCentral Seismological 
 
 
 
 Commission. 
 
 Copenhagen 
 
 Hydrographic Office. 
 International Council 
 
 
 ttHydrographic Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 
 for the Study of the 
 
 
 ttlmperial Institute of 
 
 
 Sea. 
 
 
 Forestry. 
 
 
 *fMeterological Institute. 
 
 
 tt Imperial Russian Geo- 
 
 
 Society of Sciences. 
 
 
 graphical Society. 
 
 
 
 tt Minister of Marine. 
 
 Sweden. 
 
 
 tfNaval Academy. 
 
 Stockholm... Meteorological and 
 Hydrographic Office. 
 | Nautical Meteorological 
 
 Taschkent ... 
 
 ttNicolas Central Physi- 
 cal Observatory. 
 ttAstrophysical Obser- 
 vs/torv 
 
 
 Bureau. 
 Royal Academy. 
 
 Tiflis 
 
 ttObservatory. 
 
 Upsala 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 Estltonia. 
 
 
 torv. 
 
 
 
 Dorpat 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Russia 
 
 (Jurjev). 
 
 
 (including Russia in Asia). 
 
 Finland. 
 
 Baku 
 
 ffNobel's Seismological 
 Observatory. 
 
 Helsingfors Meteorological Institute. 
 
 Ekaterinburg 
 Irkutsk ... 
 
 ttObservatory. 
 ttObservatory. 
 
 Poland. 
 
 Kazan 
 
 ttObservatory. 
 
 Cracow 
 
 Astronomical Observa- 
 
 Kieff 
 
 ttObservatory. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Koutchino... 
 
 ttAeroydynamical Insti- 
 
 Lemberg ... 
 
 Technical High School. 
 
 
 tute. 
 
 Varsovie ... 
 
 Meteorological Institute. 
 
 * Receive all publications, including the Daily Weather Report in those cases 
 which are also marked f. 
 tt Exchange of publications not resumed since the war. 
 
74 
 
 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS receiving PUBLICATIONS cont. 
 
 EUROPE cont. 
 
 EUROPE cont. 
 
 Germani . 
 
 Holland. 
 
 Aachen 
 
 Meteorological Observa 
 
 Amsterdam Geographical Society. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Meteorological Institute. 
 
 
 Seismological Observa- 
 
 De Bilt 
 
 *fRoyal Meteorological 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Institute. 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Geographical Society. 
 
 Helder 
 
 Institute for Fishery 
 
 
 tfHydrographic Office. 
 
 
 Research. 
 
 
 Institute for Oceano- 
 
 
 
 graphy. 
 
 Belgium. 
 
 
 Meteorological Institute. 
 
 Brussels ... " Ciel et Terre." 
 
 
 Weather Bureau. 
 
 Uccle ... ;*fRoyal Observatory and 
 
 Bremen 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 Royal Meteorological 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Institute. 
 
 Breslau 
 Darmstadt ... 
 
 ttUni versity Observatory. 
 Meteorological and 
 
 British Ides. 
 
 
 Hydrographical 
 
 Aberdeen ... B.T. Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 Bureau. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Physical Institute. 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 Dresden 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 4berystwyth 
 
 National Library. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 University. 
 
 Eberswalde 
 
 Forest Academy. 
 
 Armagh 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Friedrichs- 
 
 Kite Station. 
 
 Avonmouth 
 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 hafen. 
 
 
 Laldonnell... 
 
 Local Meteorological 
 
 Frankfurt ... 
 
 Meteorological and 
 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 Geophysical Institute. 
 
 Bang or 
 
 University College of 
 
 Giessen 
 
 University, Geophysical 
 
 
 North Wales 
 
 
 Institute. 
 
 Barry 
 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.Bd. 
 
 Gotha 
 
 " Petermann'a Mittei- 
 
 
 B.T. Survey Office. 
 
 
 lungen." 
 
 Belfast 
 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.Bd. 
 
 Gottingen ... 
 
 tfUniversitv, Geophysical 
 
 
 Customs Office. 
 
 
 Institute. 
 
 
 " Northern Whig." 
 
 Greifswald... 
 
 ttGeographical Society. 
 
 
 Queen's University, 
 
 Halle 
 
 Leopold - Carolin 
 
 
 Library. 
 
 
 Academy. 
 
 
 Queen's University, 
 
 Hamburg ... 
 
 Deutsche Seewarte. 
 
 
 Physics Department. 
 
 
 Seismological Observa- 
 
 Benson 
 
 M.O. Observatory. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Bideton 
 
 Liverpool Observatory. 
 
 Jugenheim 
 
 Seismological Observa- 
 
 Birkenhead 
 
 School Ship " Conway." 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Birmingham 
 
 Central Free Library. 
 
 Karlsruhe ... 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 
 Midland Institute. 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 Kiel 
 
 tfCommission for the 
 
 Birr Castle.., 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Exploration of the 
 
 Blyth 
 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 German Ocean. 
 
 Bristol 
 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 ffMagnetic Observatory. 
 
 Calshot 
 
 Local Meteorological 
 
 Leipzig 
 
 Geophysical Institute. 
 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 Cambridge... 
 
 Botanic Garden. 
 
 Lindenberg 
 
 Aeronautical Observa- 
 
 
 Cavendish Laboratory. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Munich 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 
 Philosophical Society. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Solar Physics Observa- 
 
 
 Geophysical Observa- 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Trinity College. 
 
 
 tfRoyal Academy of 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 
 Science. 
 
 Carnarvon ... 
 
 Customs Office. 
 
 Potsdam ... 
 
 Central Office for Inter- 
 
 Cardiff ... 
 
 B.T., M.M.O. (Capt. 
 
 
 national Earth- 
 
 
 J. Weir). 
 
 
 measurement. 
 
 
 Imperial Merchant 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Service Guild. 
 
 Stuttgart ... 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 
 University College. 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 Cockle Park 
 
 C C. Experimental Farm. 
 
 Wilhelms- 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Cranwell ... 
 
 Local Meteorological 
 
 haven. 
 
 
 
 Centra. 
 
 * Receive all publications, including the Daily Weather Report in those case* 
 which are also marked f- 
 
 ft Exchange of publications not resumed since the war. 
 
75 
 
 LIST ov INSTITUTIONS receiving PUBLICATIONS cont. 
 
 EUROPE ront. 
 
 EUROPE cont. 
 
 British Ides cont. 
 
 British Mes cont. 
 
 Croydon ... Local Meteorological 
 
 Hull 
 
 B.T., M.M.O. (Capt. T. P. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 Marshall.) 
 
 Dartmouth 
 
 Admiralty, Royal Naval 
 
 
 Imperial Merchant Ser- 
 
 
 College. 
 
 
 vice Guild. 
 
 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 Navigation School. 
 
 
 H.M.S. " Britannia." 
 
 Jersey 
 
 St. Louis Observatory. 
 
 Devon port ... 
 
 R.N. College. 
 
 Kew 
 
 M.O. Observatory. 
 
 Dover 
 
 H.M. Naval Depot. 
 
 
 Royal Botanic Garden 
 
 Dublin 
 
 Department of Agricul- 
 
 Kingstown 
 
 Municipal Library. 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 Leeds 
 
 University Library. 
 
 
 General Register Office. 
 
 Leith 
 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 Ordnance Survey Office. 
 
 
 Nautical College. 
 
 
 Royal College of Science. 
 
 Limerick ... 
 
 Mungret College. 
 
 
 Royal Dublin Society. 
 
 Liverpool ... 
 
 B.T. Marine Surveyor. 
 
 
 Royal Irish Academy. 
 
 
 B.T., Local Marine Board 
 
 
 Royal Observatory. 
 
 
 (Commdr. F. M. 
 
 
 Trinity College. 
 
 
 Sergeant.) 
 
 Dundee 
 
 B.T., M.M.O. (Capt. J. S. 
 
 
 Free Public Library. 
 
 Chalmers.) 
 
 
 Imperial Merchant Ser- 
 
 University College. 
 
 
 vice Guild. 
 
 Durham ... Observatory. 
 
 
 Mercantile Marine Ser- 
 
 Edinburgh... 
 
 Advocates Library. 
 
 
 vice Association. 
 
 
 Board of Agriculture. 
 
 
 Nautical College. 
 
 
 General Register Office. 
 
 
 Underwriters' Rooms. 
 
 
 Royal Botanic Gardens. 
 
 
 University, Physical 
 
 
 Royal Observatory. 
 
 
 Laboratory. 
 
 
 Royal Scottish Geo- 
 
 
 University, Zoological 
 
 
 graphical Society. 
 
 
 Department. 
 
 
 *fRoyal Scottish Museum. 
 
 London 
 
 Admiralty, Hydrogra- 
 
 
 Royal Society. 
 
 
 phic Department. 
 
 
 *fScottish Meteorological 
 
 
 * Admiralty, Librarian. 
 
 
 fcJociety. 
 
 
 *t Admiralty, Royal Naval 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 
 College, Greenwich. 
 
 .' i- 
 
 University. Physical 
 
 
 Aeronautical Society. 
 
 
 Laboratory. 
 
 
 "The Athenaeum." 
 
 Eskdalemuir 
 
 M.O. Observatory. 
 
 
 Atmospheric Pollution 
 
 Exmouth ... 
 
 Custom House. 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Falmouth ... 
 
 Custom House. 
 
 *|Board of Education, 
 
 
 Free Public Library. 
 
 Science Library. 
 
 
 M.O. Observatory. 
 
 
 Board of Trade, Fisheries 
 
 
 Royal Cornwall Poly- 
 
 
 and Harbour Depart- 
 
 
 technic Society. 
 
 
 ment. 
 
 Farnborough 
 
 Branch Meteorological 
 
 
 Board of Trade, Marine 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 
 Department. 
 
 
 Royal Aircraft Factory. 
 
 
 Board of Trade, Standards 
 
 Felixetowe... 
 
 Local Meteorological 
 
 
 Department. 
 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 B.T. Supt. M.M.O. Dock 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 B.T. Office, (Capt. I. 
 
 
 Street. 
 
 
 Hayward). 
 
 ! B.T. Supt. M.M.O. Poplar. 
 
 
 Imperial Merchant Ser- 
 
 
 B.T. Supt. M.M.O. Vic- 
 
 
 vice Guild. 
 
 
 toria Docks. 
 
 
 Nautical Magazine. 
 
 
 British Association. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 British Museum, Copy- 
 
 Gloucester... 
 
 University Library. 
 B.T. Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 right Receipt Office. 
 *fBritish Rainfall Organ- 
 
 G-reenhithe 
 
 H.M.S. " Worcester." 
 
 
 ization. 
 
 Greenock ... 
 
 B.T., M.M.O. (Capt. W. 
 
 
 Chinese Maritime 
 
 
 Ellery.) 
 
 
 Customs. 
 
 Grimaby ... 
 
 B.T. Supt. M.M.O. 
 
 Eastern Telegraph Co. 
 
 Hayle 
 
 Custom House. 
 
 Eastern Eitension Tele- 
 
 Howden ... j Local Meteorological 
 
 graph Co. 
 
 Centre. 
 
 " Engineering." 
 
 * Receive all publications, including the Daily Weather Report in those cases 
 which are also marked t- 
 
76 
 
 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS receiving PUBLICATIONS cont. 
 
 EUROPE cont. 
 
 EUROPE cont. 
 
 British Isles cont. 
 
 British Ixlescont. 
 
 London cont. \ " The Field." 
 
 London cont. Royal Society. 
 
 
 Findlay's Sailing Direc- 
 
 Royal Society of Arts. , 
 
 
 tions. 
 
 
 Royal Society of Medi- 
 
 
 Gardeners' Chronicle. 
 
 
 cine. 
 
 
 General Post Office. 
 
 *Royal United Service 
 
 
 General Register Office. 
 
 
 Institution. 
 
 
 Government Laboratory 
 
 
 Sailors' Home. 
 
 
 'Guildhall Library. 
 
 
 Subject Index to Period- 
 
 
 Imperial Institute. 
 
 
 icals. 
 
 
 Imperial Merchant Ser- 
 
 
 " The Times." 
 
 
 vice Guild. 
 
 
 Trinity House. 
 
 
 Institution of Civil 
 
 
 University College Li- 
 
 
 Engineers. 
 
 
 brary. 
 
 
 Institution of Electrical 
 
 Lympne 
 
 Local Meteorological 
 
 
 Engineers. 
 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 Institution of Mechani- 
 
 Manchester 
 
 B.T., Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 cal Engineers. 
 
 
 Local Meteorological 
 
 
 Institution of Mining 
 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 Engineers. 
 
 
 Literary and Philosoph- 
 
 
 Institution of Naval 
 
 
 ical Society. 
 
 
 Architects. 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 
 Institution of Water 
 
 
 University. Physical 
 
 
 Engineers. 
 
 
 Laboratory. 
 
 
 Iron & Steel Institute. 
 
 Markree ... 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 " Knowledge and Scien- 
 
 Middles- 
 
 B.T., Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 tific News." 
 
 borough. 
 
 
 
 *" Lloyds." 
 
 Newwcastle- 
 
 B.T., Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 Local Government Board 
 
 on-Tyne. 
 
 Armstrong College. 
 
 
 London School of Eco- 
 
 Newport ... 
 
 b.T., Supt,, M.M.O. 
 
 
 nomics. 
 
 Osborne 
 
 R.N. College. 
 
 
 Marconi's Wireless Tele- 
 
 Oxford 
 
 Bodleian library. 
 
 
 graph Company. 
 
 
 Radcliffe Observatory. 
 
 
 Mercantile Marine Ser- 
 
 
 School of Geography. 
 
 
 vice Association. 
 
 
 University Observatory. 
 
 
 Metropolitan Water 
 
 Paisley 
 
 Coats Observatory. 
 
 
 Board, Finsbury 
 
 Pangbourne 
 
 Nautical College. 
 
 
 Square. 
 
 Plymouth ... 
 
 B.T., Supt., M.M.O. 
 
 
 Metropolitan Water 
 
 
 Committee on the 
 
 
 Board. Nottingham 
 
 
 Climate of Devon. 
 
 
 Place. 
 
 
 Incorporated Chamber 
 
 
 Ministry of Agriculture. 
 
 
 of Commerce. 
 
 
 Ministry of Agriculture, 
 
 
 Marine Biological Lab- 
 
 
 Fisheries Department. 
 
 
 oratory. 
 
 "Nature." 
 
 Portsmouth 
 
 H.M. Navigation School. 
 
 
 Patent Office Library. 
 
 Reading 
 
 University College. 
 
 
 Physical Society. 
 
 Redruth ... 
 
 Free Public Library. 
 
 
 Royal Agricultural So- 
 
 Renfrew 
 
 Local Meteorological 
 
 
 ciety. 
 
 
 Centre. 
 
 
 Royal Astronomical So- 
 
 Richmond ... 
 
 Free Public Library. 
 
 
 ciety. 
 
 St. Andrews 
 
 International Commit- 
 
 
 Royal Botanic Society. 
 
 
 tee for Investigation 
 
 
 Royal Colonial Institute. 
 
 
 of North Sea. 
 
 
 *Royal Geographical So- 
 
 Shields, 
 
 B.T., Supt. M.M.O. 
 
 
 ciety. 
 
 North. 
 
 
 
 Royal Institution of 
 
 Shields, 
 
 B.T.. M.M.O. (Capt. W. 
 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 South. 
 
 Forrest). 
 
 
 "fRoyal Meteorological 
 
 
 Imperial Merchant Ser- 
 
 
 Society. 
 
 
 vice Guild. 
 
 
 Royal National Lifeboat 
 
 
 Marine Schools. 
 
 
 Institution. 
 
 Shoebury- 
 
 Meteorological Office. 
 
 
 Royal Observatory. 
 
 ness. 
 
 
 Royal Sanitary Insti- 
 
 Slough 
 
 Admiralty Compass Ob- 
 
 | tute. 
 
 servatory. 
 
 * Receive all publications, including the Daily Weather Report in those cases 
 which are also marked f . 
 
77 
 
 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS receiving PUBLICATIONS cont. 
 
 EUROPE cont. 
 
 EUROPKW/^. 
 
 flritish Isles cont. 
 
 Spain cont. 
 
 Southampton 
 
 B.T. Surveyor. 
 
 Malaga 
 
 Society of Sciences. 
 
 
 Ordnance Survey Office. 
 
 San Fernando 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Southport ... 
 Stonyhurst 
 
 Fernley Observatory. 
 Observatory. 
 
 Tortosa 
 
 Ebro Observatory. 
 
 Sunderland 
 
 B.T. M.M.O. (Capt. 0. 
 
 1-k l_ _. V 
 
 Portugal. 
 
 Swansea ... 
 Teddington 
 
 Robson). 
 B.T.. Supt. M.M.O. 
 Advisory Committee for 
 Aeronautics. 
 
 Coimbra ... Observatory. 
 Lisbon ... Observatory. 
 Oporto ... Serra do Pilar Observa- 
 
 
 National Physical Lab- 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 oratary. 
 
 
 Tilbury ... 
 
 B.T., Supt. M.M.O. 
 
 Italy. 
 
 Torquay ... 
 Upavon 
 
 Natural History Society. 
 Central Flying School. 
 
 Catania ... Astronomical Observa- 
 
 tr\r\r 
 
 Valencia ... 
 West 
 Lavington. 
 York 
 
 M.O. Observatory. 
 Meteorological Office. 
 
 Philosophical Society. 
 
 Florence 
 Genoa 
 Messina 
 Milan 
 
 .7 
 
 ! Observatory. 
 Hydrographic Institute. 
 Observatory. 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Moncalieri .. 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 France. 
 
 Naples 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Besancon ... 
 Bordeaux ... 
 
 Observatory. 
 Society for the Oceano- 
 
 Parma 
 
 Hydrographic Office of 
 the Po. 
 
 
 graphy of the Gulf 
 
 Pompeii 
 
 Observatory of Pius X.. 
 
 
 of Gascony. 
 
 Palermo 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Bourges ... 
 
 " La Revue du Ciel." 
 
 Pesaro 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Chevreuse a 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Pola 
 
 Hydrographic Office. 
 
 Jagny. 
 
 
 Riposto 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Lyons 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Rome 
 
 Aerological Service. 
 
 Marseilles ... 
 
 Meteorological Commis- 
 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 
 sion. 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Hydrographic Office. 
 
 Nice 
 
 Observatory on Mont 
 
 
 International Agricul- 
 
 
 Blanc. 
 
 
 tural Institute. 
 
 Paris 
 
 " Annales de Geo- 
 
 
 Pontifica Accademia 
 
 
 graphic." 
 
 
 Romana Klei Nuovi 
 
 
 Bureau des Longitudes. 
 
 
 Lincei. 
 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 
 Rocca di Papa Observa- 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Geographical Service. 
 
 Torino 
 
 Meteorological Society. 
 
 
 Geographical Society. 
 Hydrographic Office. 
 
 Trieste 
 Venice 
 
 Geophysical Institute. 
 Hydrographic Office. 
 
 . 
 
 Hydrometric Service. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Institute of France. 
 
 
 
 Meteorological Society. 
 
 Switzerland. 
 
 
 Municipal Observatory. 
 Observatory. 
 Observatory of Pare St. 
 
 Berne 
 
 Department of the In- 
 terior, Water Power 
 Office. 
 
 
 ivi_3iU.r. 
 Observatoire de la Tour 
 
 Freiburg ... 
 
 Institute for Cosmical 
 
 Perpignan ... 
 Puy-de-Dome 
 Strasbourg... 
 
 St. Jacques. 
 Observatory. 
 Observatory. 
 Meteorological Service. 
 
 Geneva 
 
 Lausanne ... 
 Neuchatel ... 
 
 Physics. 
 Geographical Society. 
 Observatory. 
 Society of Sciences. 
 Observatory. 
 
 $DCl'i>7l 
 
 Zurich 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 Barcelona ... 
 
 Llinas Observatory. 
 Fabra Observatory. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Burgos 
 Granada 
 
 Observatory. 
 Cartuja Observatory. 
 
 Austria. 
 
 Madrid 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 [nnsbruck ... 
 
 Institute for Cosmical 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Physics. 
 
 
 Institute for Oceano- 
 
 ECremsmun- 
 
 Astronomical Observa- 
 
 
 graphy. 
 
 ster. 
 
 tory. 
 
 ft Exchange of publications not resumed since the war. 
 
78 
 
 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS receiving PUBLICATIONS wit. 
 
 EUROPE cont. . 
 
 ASIA cont. 
 
 Austria cont. 
 
 China cont. 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Austrian Meteorological 
 
 Phu Lien ... 
 
 Central Observatory. 
 
 
 Society. 
 
 Zi-ka-wei ... 
 
 ^Observatory. 
 
 
 tfCentral Hydrogra- 
 phical Bureau. 
 
 Japan. 
 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 Hitachi 
 
 Mount Tsukuba Obser- 
 
 
 Office. 
 
 
 vatory. 
 
 
 Osaka 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 Hungary. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Buda-Pesth Meteorological Institute. 
 Kalocsa ... Haynald Observatory. 
 
 Sendai 
 Tokio 
 
 Imperial University. 
 Central Meteorological 
 Observatory. 
 
 C 
 Brno 
 
 zecho-Slovaltla. 
 Meteorological Institute. 
 
 
 College of Science. 
 Imperial University, 
 Library. 
 
 Prague 
 
 Meteorological Institute. 
 tfHydrographic Office. 
 
 
 Imperial University, 
 Seismological Insti- 
 
 
 ffSociety of Sciences. 
 
 
 tute. 
 
 
 University Library. 
 
 
 
 India. 
 
 League oj 
 Fiume 
 
 *" Nations Territory. 
 tfNautical Academy. 
 
 Agra 
 
 Aerological Observa- 
 tory. 
 
 Lai bach 
 
 tfSeismological Observa- 
 
 Bangalore ... 
 
 Mysore Government 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Bombay 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Bulgaria. 
 
 Colombo ... 
 
 Basses and Minicoy 
 
 Sofia 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 Institute. 
 
 
 Lighthouse Service. 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Dehra Dun... 
 
 Trigonometrical Survey. 
 
 Greece. 
 
 Kodaikanal 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Athens ... National Observatory. 
 
 Madras 
 Simla 
 
 Observatory. 
 Meteorological Office. 
 
 Roumania. 
 
 Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 
 
 Bucarest ... 
 
 Cernauti ... 
 
 Astronomical and Mete- 
 orological Observatory. 
 Institute for Cosmical 
 
 Singapore ... 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 Principal Civil Medical 
 Officer. 
 
 
 Physics. 
 
 Batavia 
 
 Meteorological and Mag- 
 
 Ytigo Slavia. 
 
 Manila 
 
 netic Observatory. 
 Weather Bureau. 
 
 Belgrade ... 
 
 ftCentral Observatory. 
 
 
 Zagreb 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 Asiatic Turkey and Syria. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Baghdad ... Weather Bureau. 
 
 Turltey. 
 
 Bey rout 
 
 Ksara Observatory. 
 Lee Observatory. 
 
 Constan- 
 
 tfMeteorological Obser- 
 
 
 tinople. 
 
 vatory. 
 
 AFRICA. 
 
 Mediterranean Islands. 
 
 Mediterranean States. 
 
 Gibraltar ... 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 Algiers ... Meteorological Service. 
 
 Malta 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 tory. 
 
 North East Africa. 
 
 
 Cairo 
 
 *fPbysical Service. 
 
 ASIA. 
 
 Port Said ... 
 
 Captain of the Port. 
 
 China. 
 
 
 Chemulpo ... 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 West Africa. 
 
 Chosen 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 Accra 
 
 Medical Department. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Bathurst ... 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 Hong Kong 
 
 Royal Observatory. 
 
 Freetown ... 
 
 Medical Department. 
 
 
 University. 
 
 Kaduna 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 Nantung ... 
 
 Chenshan Meteorologi- 
 cal Observatory. 
 
 Lagos 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 Commissioner of Lands. 
 
 * Receive all publications, including the Daily Weather Report in those cases 
 which are also marked f. 
 ft Exchange of publications not resumed since the war. 
 
79 
 
 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS receiving PUBLICATIONS cont. 
 
 AFRICA cont. 
 
 NORTH AMERICA cont. 
 
 East Africa. 
 
 United States cont. 
 
 Entebbe ... 
 
 Botanical, Forestry and 
 
 New Haven 
 
 Yale University Obser- 
 
 
 Scientific Department. 
 
 
 vatory. 
 
 Lourengo 
 
 Compos Rodriques Ob- 
 
 New York ... 
 
 American Geographical 
 
 Marques. 
 
 servatory. 
 
 
 Society. 
 
 Nairobi 
 
 Department of Agricul- 
 
 
 Central Park Observa- 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Salisbury ... 
 
 Department of Agricul- 
 
 
 Weather Bureau. 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 Pasadena ... 
 
 Mount Wilson Solar 
 
 Zomba 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Department of Agricul- 
 
 Philadelphia 
 
 American Philosophical 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 
 Society. 
 
 
 
 Franklin Institute. 
 
 South Africa. 
 
 Readville ... 
 
 Blue Hill Observatory. 
 
 Cape Town... 
 
 Meteorological Office. 
 
 Reno 
 
 Mount Rose Observatory. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Urbana 
 
 Illinois University. 
 
 Johannesberg 
 
 Union Observatory. 
 
 Washington 
 
 Bureau of Standards. 
 
 Pretoria 
 
 Meteorological Office. 
 
 
 Carnegie Institution, 
 
 Kiinberley... 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Department of Ter- 
 
 
 
 restrial Magnetism. 
 
 Madagascar. 
 
 
 Coast and Geodetic 
 
 Tananarive Observatory. 
 
 
 Survey. 
 
 
 
 Georgetown University. 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 
 Hydrographic Office. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 
 National Academy of 
 Sciences. 
 
 Halifax ... 
 
 Nova Scotian Institute 
 
 
 National Geographical 
 
 
 of Science. 
 
 
 Society. 
 
 Montreal ... 
 
 McGill University. 
 
 
 Naval Observatory. 
 
 Ottawa 
 
 Department of Agricul- 
 
 
 Smithsonian Institution. 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 
 Surgeon-General's Office. 
 
 
 Dominion Observatory. 
 
 
 " Terrestrial Magnet- 
 
 
 Royal Society of Canada. 
 
 
 ism." 
 
 Toronto 
 
 *t Meteorological Office. 
 
 
 War Department. 
 
 
 Royal Astronomical So- 
 
 
 Weather Bureau, Aero- 
 
 
 ciety. 
 
 
 logical Division. 
 
 Vancouver... 
 
 Meteorological Office. 
 
 
 *fWeather Bureau, 
 
 Victoria 
 
 Controller of Water 
 
 
 Library. 
 
 
 Rights. 
 
 
 *fWeather Bureau, 
 
 
 G-onzales Heights Ob- 
 
 
 Marine Division. 
 
 
 servatory. 
 
 Williams Bay 
 
 Yerkes Observatory. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Albany 
 Albuquerque 
 
 State Library. 
 University of New 
 
 Guanajuato 
 Leon 
 
 Observatory. 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Baltimore ... 
 
 Maryland Weather Ser- 
 
 Mexico 
 
 " Antonio Alzate " Scien- 
 
 
 vice. 
 
 
 tific Society. 
 
 Berkeley ... 
 
 University of California. 
 
 Morelia 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 Boston 
 
 Academy of Arts and 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 
 Sciences. 
 
 Puebla 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Cambridge... 
 
 Harvard College Obser- 
 
 Saltillo 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 
 vatory. 
 
 San Luis 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Chicago 
 
 Weather Bureau. 
 
 Potosi. 
 
 
 Cleveland ... 
 
 St. Ignatius College Ob- 
 
 Tacubaya ... 
 
 Central Meteorological 
 
 
 servatory. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Colombus ... 
 
 Eoierson McMillin Ob- 
 
 
 Mexican National Astro- 
 
 
 servatory. 
 
 
 nomical Observatory. 
 
 Hot Springs 
 
 American Climatological 
 
 Tampico 
 
 Meteorological Observa- 
 
 
 Association. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Iowa 
 
 State University, Board 
 
 Zacetecas ... 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 of Health. 
 
 
 
 * Receive all publications, including the Daily Weather Report in those cases 
 which are also marked t. 
 
80 
 
 LIST OF INSTITUTIONS receiving PUBLICATIONS cont. 
 
 NORTH AMERICA cont. 
 
 AUSTRALASIA cont. 
 
 Central America and West Indies. 
 
 New South Wales. 
 
 Balbao 
 
 Isthmian Canal Com- 
 
 Sydney 
 
 Commonwealth Mete- 
 
 Heights. 
 
 mission. 
 
 
 orological Bureau. 
 
 Barbados ... 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 
 Government Observa- 
 
 Belize 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Cienfuegos... 
 
 Montserrat Observatory. 
 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 Culebra ... 
 
 Isthmian Canal Com- 
 
 
 Royal Society of New 
 
 
 mission. 
 
 
 South Wales. 
 
 Grenada ... 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 
 Guatemala... 
 
 Meteorological Service. 
 
 Victoria. 
 
 Havana 
 
 Casablanca Observatory. 
 
 
 
 College Observatory. 
 
 Melbourne... 
 
 *tCommonwealth Mete- 
 
 
 Agricultural School. 
 
 
 orological Bureau. 
 
 Jamaica 
 
 Government Meteorolo- 
 
 
 Commonwealth Statis- 
 
 
 gist. 
 
 
 tical Bureau. 
 
 Nassau 
 
 Imperial Lighthouse 
 
 
 Department of Agricul- 
 
 
 Service. 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 San Jose ... 
 
 Meteorological Service. 
 
 
 Director of Lighthouses. 
 
 San Salvador 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 
 Guiana. 
 
 South Australia. 
 
 Georgetown 
 
 Science and Agricultural 
 
 Adelaide ... 
 
 Astronomical Observa- 
 
 Paramaribo 
 
 Department. 
 Department of Agricul- 
 ture. 
 
 
 tory. 
 Commonwealth Mete- 
 orological Bureau. 
 
 
 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 Bolivia. 
 
 
 Sucre ... Observatory. 
 
 West Australia. 
 
 TTJ .7 
 
 Fremantle ... 
 
 Harbour Master 
 
 Brazil. 
 
 Perth 
 
 Astronomical Observa- 
 
 Rio de 
 
 National Observatory. 
 
 
 tory. 
 
 Janeiro. 
 
 
 
 Commonwealth Mete- 
 
 Rio Grande 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 orological Bureau. 
 
 do Sul. 
 
 
 
 Land and Survey De- 
 
 Sao Paulo ... 
 
 Secretary of Agricul- 
 
 
 partment. 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 
 Argentine and Uruguay. 
 
 New Zealand. 
 
 Buenos Aires. 
 Cordoba ... 
 
 Meteorological Office. 
 National Academy. 
 
 Christchurch 
 Hobart 
 
 Observatory. 
 Commonwealth Mete- 
 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 
 orological Bureau. 
 
 Monte Video 
 
 National Meteorological 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Dominion Meteorologi- 
 
 
 Institute. 
 
 
 cal Office. 
 
 
 Observatory, Villa Colon. 
 
 
 Dominion Museum. 
 
 Chile. 
 
 OCEAN ISLANDS. 
 
 Punta 
 Arenas. 
 Santiago ... 
 
 Observatory. 
 
 Central Institute of 
 Meteorology and 
 
 Fanning 
 Island. 
 Maiden 
 Island. 
 
 (Pacific Cable Board, 
 London), 
 Meteorological Station. 
 
 Valparaiso... 
 
 Geophysics. 
 Meteorological Service. 
 
 Mauritius ... 
 
 Royal Alfred Observa- 
 tory. 
 
 ' TT J 
 JljCUCLCtOT '. 
 
 Ocean Island 
 
 (Pacific Phosphate Co. 
 
 
 
 London). 
 
 Quito ... Observatory. 
 
 Ponta 
 
 Meteorological Service. 
 
 
 Delgada. 
 
 
 AUSTRALASIA. 
 
 Port Moresby 
 
 Colonial Secretary. 
 
 Queensland. 
 
 St. Helena ... 
 
 Meteorological Obser- 
 ver. 
 
 Brisbane ... 
 
 Commonwealth Mete- 
 
 Suva 
 
 Department of Agricul- 
 
 
 orological Bureau. 
 
 
 ture. 
 
 
 Public Library. 
 
 Tulagi 
 
 Resident Commissioner 
 
 * Receive all publications, including the Daily Weather Report in those cases 
 "which are also marked f. 
 
81 
 INDEX. 
 
 A. Page. 
 
 Aerial Navigation, Codes 19,36 
 
 Forecasts 28,33,34 
 
 Hours of Observation 15,16,17,20,34 
 
 Inter-Allied Convention ... ... ... ... ... 19 
 
 Meteorological Guide 33 
 
 Radiotelegraphy 21,29,34 
 
 Transmission of Observations 30,33,34 
 
 Aerodromes... ... ... ' ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 
 
 Aeronautics, Code ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 19 
 
 International Convention 16,18 
 
 ,. Organisation of Meteorological Services 51, 52 
 
 Agricultural Meteorology, Commission ... ... ... ... 24,25, 26,46 
 
 Application of Meteorology to Aerial Navigation, Commission ... 11, 18, 20, 
 
 26, 28, 33. 
 
 Report 29 
 
 Atmospheric Electricity and Terrestrial Magnetism, Commission ... 30,48 
 
 ., Pressure, Barometric Tendency 39,40 
 
 Codes 36,40 
 
 ,, ,, Latitude Correction ... ... ... ... ... 21 
 
 Units , ... 23,24 
 
 B. 
 
 Bammako, Meteorological Station ... ... ... ... ... ... 50 
 
 Barometers, Graduation of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 24 
 
 Barometric Tendency 39,40,42 
 
 , Characteristic of 39,40,42,44 
 
 Belgrade, Telegram from 18, 19 
 
 Brussels, Geophysical Union 12,53 
 
 Charts, Meteorological .'.. .... ... 16,20,25,32,33 
 
 North Atlantic Ocean ... ... ... ... ... ... 9,45 
 
 Cloud, Code 36,37,41,42,44 
 
 Switzerland 37-39 
 
 Codex of Resolutions .., ... ... 5,9,13 
 
 Commissions, Circulation of Reports ... ... ... ,. ... 21,22 
 
 Meetings 13 
 
 Nomination and Functions of ... ... ... 10, 11, t7, 26 
 
 Procedure 21,22 
 
 D. 
 
 Daily Weather Report ... 15 
 
 Dictionary, International Meteorological 28 
 
 Directors, Conferences of 11,12 
 
 B. 
 
 Electricity, Atmospheric, Commission for 30.48,53 
 
 EU-F-GB-I Committee 35,49 
 
 F. 
 
 Fog 42,43 
 
 Forecasts for 24 hours 33 
 
 for ships ... 50 
 
 for short periods ... 34 
 
 29106 D 
 

 82 
 
 
 
 G. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Gale Warnings 
 
 
 ... 46 
 
 
 
 12 53 
 
 Glossary, Meteorological . 
 
 
 27, 28 
 
 ,, , Translation < 
 
 )f 
 
 28 
 
 Gold, Lt.-Col. E.j Proposals for Hours 
 
 of Observation, Weather ... 
 
 5,15 
 
 Gravity 
 
 
 21 
 
 Guide, Meteorological 33 
 
 H 
 
 Hours of Observation ... 15, 16, 17, 20, 34, 57 
 
 I. 
 
 Institutes, Meteorological, Lists of 55,73 
 
 Inter- Allied Convention of Aerial Navigation ... ... ... ... ... 19 
 
 Interchange of Meteorological Observations at Sea ... ... ... ... 45 
 
 International Code, Meteorological Telegraphy ... ... ... 35, 36 
 
 Convention of Aeronautics 16,18,49 
 
 Council for Research 10,12 
 
 Hydrographic Bureau 45 
 
 Meteorological Bureau 20,30,45 
 
 Committee 10,11,12,25,30 
 
 Meetings 11, 13 
 
 ., - Number of Members ... 14,15,25 
 Report ... ... 30 
 
 Reunion ... ... ... ... 53 
 
 Conference, Delegates Invited ... ... 6-9 
 
 Procedure 19,21 
 
 Programe of Meeting 9 
 
 Dictionary 28 
 
 ,, Organisation 5,10-13 
 
 Reglement ... ... 11-13 
 
 Vocabulary 13,27 
 
 Commission ... ... 20,27 
 
 Symbols 31,53 
 
 League of Nations, Hours of Observation ... 15 
 
 Lightning ... ... ; '" v ii. ... ... '} r ... . - 19 
 
 M, 
 
 Magnetism, Terrestrial, Commission. See Terrestrial Magnetism. 
 
 Marine Meteorology, Commission 18,21,26,30,41-46,47 
 
 Observations 42-45,50 
 
 Inclusion in Roseau Mondial 45 
 
 Interchange at Sea 45 
 
 Meteorology, Agricultural, Commission 24,25,26,46 
 
 Artillery 5, 10 
 
 Aviation ... 5,10,29 
 
 General, Proposed Commission 
 
 Marine, Codes 42,44,50 
 
 Commission 18,21,26,30,41-46,47 
 
 Observations 21,42,43,50 
 
 Special Meeting ... 
 
 Physics of the Air 5, 1( 
 
 Transport ;"" 5,10 
 
 Mirage ^ 
 
 Mountain Observatories zu ? zo 
 
83 
 
 N. Page. 
 
 National Code 36 
 
 North Atlantic Ocean, Synoptic Charts 9,42,45 
 
 Norway, Rain and Thunderstorm ... ... ... ... ... ... 16 
 
 0. 
 
 Observations, Areoplanes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 27 
 
 Hours of 15,16,17,20,34,37 
 
 ., Maintenance of Continuity ... ... ... ... ... 30 
 
 Marine 42-45 
 
 P. 
 
 fare St. Maur Observatory 20 
 
 I olar Commission 30,49,53 
 
 Expeditions, Instruments 31 
 
 Pressure. See- Atmospheric Pressure. 
 
 Programme of Meeting ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... 9 
 
 Projection of Charts 20,25,32,33 
 
 R. 
 
 Radio Telegraphic Committee 49 
 
 Telegraphy, Weather Reports 18, 21, 29, 30, 34, 41, 44, 49, 50 
 
 Rainfall, Code 36 
 
 Reseau Mondial 19,20,22,45 
 
 ,, ,, Commission ... --- . ... ... ... 26,47 
 
 ,, ,, Inclusion of Marine Observations ... ... ... ... 45 
 
 Rime 9,19,31 
 
 Rouch, Proposal for Chart 13 
 
 S. 
 
 Saida, Meteorological Station ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50 
 
 Scales of Charts 20,25,32,33 
 
 Sea Disturbance ... 40.41,42,44 
 
 Ships, Equipment of 42 
 
 Mercurial Barometers ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 42 
 
 Observations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 42,44,45 
 
 Sea Surface Temperature, Observations of ... ... ... ... 42 
 
 Surface Visibility Scale 42 
 
 Thermometers, Exposure 42 
 
 Wet Bulb Thermometer 42 
 
 Sleet 19,31 
 
 Snow 31 
 
 Solar Radiation, Commission 20,26,47 
 
 Squalls, Warning of ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 51 
 
 Surface Visibility ... 42,43 
 
 Switzerland, Code for Cloud 37-39 
 
 Symbols, International 31,53 
 
 T. 
 
 Telegrams, Meteorological, Codes 17, 18 
 
 Pressure Units 24 
 
 Telegraphy, Meteorological, Codes 22,35,36,37 
 
 ,. Commission ... 18,20,26,30,35,39-41,47 
 
 Hours of Observation 15,37 
 
 Radiotelegraphy ... ... ... ... 21,35 
 
 ,, Transmission of Observations 35,37,41 
 
 Temperature, Code 36,42 
 
 ,, Maximum and Minimum... ... ... ... ... ... 36 
 
 Sea Surface 42,44,45 
 
84 
 
 Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity, Commission 20, 30, 48, 53 
 
 Thunderstorms, Qgfitfiti'on of" ' 19,31 
 
 Forecasting of 36 
 
 Norway 16 
 
 Trans Atlantic Reports ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50 
 
 Transmission of Observations 17,18,21,30,37,41,44 
 
 Tripoli ... 30 
 
 Tunis 30 
 
 Tripoli, Transmission of Reports by Wireless ... ... ... , ... 30 
 
 Tunis .., .. , 30 
 
 U. 
 
 Upper Atmosphere, Investigation, Commission 20.26,48 
 
 V. 
 
 Visibility 9,31,42,43- 
 
 Vocabulary, International Meteorological , 13,27 
 
 f -' W. 
 
 Weather Reports, Issue of .,. .,, 50 
 
 Wind Velocity, Code ... .... ., 36,42 
 
 Wireless Aeronautical Messages : 51 
 
 Wireless Telegraphy. Ses Radio-telegraphy. 
 
RETURN TO the circulation desk of any 
 University of California Library 
 
 or to the 
 
 NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 Bldg. 400, Richmond Field Station 
 University of California 
 Richmond, CA 94804-4698 
 
 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 
 
 2-month loans may be renewed by calling 
 (510)642-6753 
 
 1-year loans may be recharged by bringing 
 books to NRLF 
 
 Renewals and recharges may be made 4 
 days prior to due date. 
 
 DUE AS STAMPED BELOW 
 SENT ON ILL 
 
 DEC 6 2002 
 
 U. C. BERKELEY 
 
 12,000(11/95) 
 
oloica! 
 
 meteor- 
 conference, 
 
 986955 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY