A NEW AND EASY METHOD 
 
 OF STUDYING 
 
 BRITISH WILD FLOWERS 
 
 BY NATURAL ANALYSIS; 
 
 BEING A COMPLETE SERIES OF 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 OF THEIR NATURAL ORDERS AND GENERA 
 
 BY 
 
 FREDERICK A. MESSER. 
 
 LONDON: DAVID BOGUE, 
 
 3, ST. MARTIN'S PLACE, TRAFALGAR SQUARE, W.C. 
 
 1880.
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION .. .. 1 
 
 GLOSSARY 6 
 
 SYMBOLICAL ILLUSTRATIONS, AND ABBREVIATIONS 12 
 
 LIST OF NATURAL ORDERS 13 
 
 ANALYSIS OF CLASSES 14 
 
 DIVISIONS . . 16 
 
 ORDERS 18 
 
 GENERA 40 
 
 CHART OF SPECIES 124 
 
 CATALOGUE OF BRITISH PLANTS . . . . 125 
 
 INDEX OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA 138 
 
 ENGLISH NAMES 142 
 
 B 2 
 
 2090887
 
 ( I ) 
 
 INTBODUCTION. 
 
 THIS work has grown out of a want, which was much felt by 
 the author, of some method which would simplify the study 
 of our native plants, by placing before the student the charac- 
 teristic distinctions of their Natural Orders and Genera in a 
 clearer and more striking manner than is possible by means 
 of verbal description alone; and which would at the same 
 time possess in itself the principles and advantages of analy- 
 tical arrangement. 
 
 In botanical letter-press description, the recurrence of 
 numerous technical terms, unaided by illustrations, is always 
 a difficulty, and frequently a source of discouragement to 
 beginners; the usual method of acquiring a knowledge of 
 these terms being very laborious ; and the consequence is, 
 that the attempt to master it is often abandoned. 
 
 And even when the description is accompanied by full 
 illustrations of the individual plant, there is the danger of 
 undue attention being devoted to the latter, to the neglect 
 of the descriptions of the Ordinal and Generic features. The 
 student is too often satisfied if he can apparently identify 
 his specimens by a general resemblance to the illustrations, 
 even though he may gain little or no knowledge of the 
 reasons for their classification. 
 
 With a view to obviate these objections, and to supply the
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 want referred to, the author has adopted a new method of 
 utilizing illustrative figures. These figures represent the 
 separate parts or dissections, characteristic of the Orders 
 and Genera, and are disposed in harmony with verbal analy- 
 tical arrangement : they form in fact a series of illustrated 
 analytical tables; the application of this principle to the 
 figures, and the combination of verbal and pictorial analysis 
 being the special features of this work. 
 
 That illustrations are a more powerful, as well as a more 
 alluring and ready means of imparting knowledge, than 
 letter-press alone, will not be doubted. As the eye travels 
 rapidly over the illustrated page, it takes in at one view the 
 contents, and there is presented to the mind a comprehensive 
 idea of the subject. So with regard to this work, a few 
 references to an illustrated analytical table will go far to 
 familiarize the mind with the relationship which exists 
 between the various parts of the plants ; and the impression 
 produced will soon deepen and become fixed on the memory. 
 This pictorial method resembles, more closely than any other, 
 the natural process, or that which is intuitively followed in 
 the comparative examination of the parts of the plants them- 
 selves. 
 
 For a full explanation of any of the figures, the student 
 will refer to the complete description, formed on the principle 
 of the usual analytical method, which accompanies each illus- 
 trated page. 
 
 It will, on the first occasion of consulting an analysis, be 
 advantageous to refer freely to both pages, in order that the 
 exact meaning of the illustrations may be acquired. 
 
 With regard to the variations in form, which exist in the 
 corresponding parts of plants of the same Order or Genus, it 
 must be borne in mind that a form which appears to be the 
 most typical has been chosen for illustration. As the figures 
 given are typical of Orders and Genera only, the student 
 must not necessarily expect to find strict identity, but may
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 have to seek for the form most nearly approaching that of the 
 plant under examination; the judgment being allowed to 
 range among the various forms most allied to the plant, with- 
 out being limited to discovering one identical in all respects. 
 As, for example, in the case of cross sections of seed vessels, 
 which in a great many instances illustrate the general 
 structure only. 
 
 A few symbolical illustrations, principally in the Divisional 
 and Ordinal headings, have been introduced ; these are fully 
 explained in the list given at page 12, but they are in most 
 instances so characteristic of the parts they represent, as to 
 speak for themselves. In cases where an illustration includes 
 a considerable variation of outline, the symbolical figure is 
 used : where the form is of importance, the typical con- 
 figuration is given. This mingling of symbolical with 
 typical forms leads to no perplexity, the symbolical being 
 readily distinguished as representatives only of the parts. 
 
 The course to be taken in tracing a plant through the 
 illustrated divisional spaces may be explained as follows. 
 The characters of any one illustrated space are common to 
 the Orders or Genera which are found directly to the right 
 of that space. In testing a plant, therefore, after finding 
 that its parts agree generally with those under a particular 
 heading, compare it with the illustrations in the uppermost 
 space of the first column, then with those in the space 
 immediately beneath, and so on down the column, taking the 
 spaces in consecutive order, until one be found whose con- 
 tents most closely agree with the corresponding part of the 
 plant. Then, passing to the uppermost of the spaces which 
 are immediately to the right of the last found space, compare 
 the illustrations with the specimen, and proceed in like 
 manner down the whole of those spaces, until one be met 
 with whose contents correspond most closely with the plant. 
 From this last-named space proceed to the next column, and 
 so on, until the Order or Genus be reached.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 Take, as an example, the common corn poppy : beginning 
 at the analysis of Classes, at page 14, it is there found to be 
 a flowering plant, and that it belongs to Class I., Exogens. 
 Passing to the analysis of Divisions, at page 16, it is seen 
 that it comes under Division I. ; turning to the analysis of 
 Orders, which commences at page 18, observe at page 20 the 
 second heading, with some of the characters in which, it will 
 be seen that the plant agrees. Then, testing the specimen 
 by the analysis beneath this heading, it is found to coincide 
 
 (1) with the contents of the second space of the first column ; 
 
 (2) with those in the lowest space of the second column; 
 
 (3) with the figure in the second of the five spaces in the 
 third column, adjoining the space last named ; and (4) with 
 the figure in the space to the right of the one last referred 
 to. The conclusion, therefore, is that the plant belongs to 
 Order 4, Papaveraceae. 
 
 On referring to this Order in the analysis of Genera, at 
 page 42, and comparing the specimen with the heading and 
 with the analysis beneath it, it is seen that it accords with 
 the figures in the uppermost spaces in the first, second, and 
 third columns, thus showing that it belongs to the Genus 
 Papaver, or Poppy. 
 
 A chart, at page 124, illustrating by the length of a black 
 line the number of species in each order, furnishes the 
 student with a comparative view of the relation which 
 the Orders bear to each other in this respect. 
 
 To enable him to ascertain what species are included 
 under each Order or Genus, a catalogue in accordance with 
 the classification followed in this work is given at page 125 : 
 the arrangement corresponds closely with Professor Babing- 
 ton's 'Manual of British Botany,', and in the selection of 
 species it nearly coincides with Sir J. D. Hooker's ' Student's 
 Flora.' Sub-species are not given, their introduction being 
 foreign to the object with which the catalogue has been 
 prepared.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 In carrying out this work the British Genera alone have 
 been taken into consideration, and for the purpose of dis- 
 crimination any prominent or characteristic feature has 
 been selected. The illustrations simply indicate the form, 
 and have no relation to the actual or relative size of the 
 parts. 
 
 To his friend Mr. G. S. Penson, of Plumstead, the author 
 returns his sincere thanks for many valuable suggestions 
 made during the progress of the work, and for revising the 
 manuscript and proof-sheets.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 A compound word, such as " ovate-lanceolate," means a form intermediate 
 between the two. 
 
 AOCDMBENT ; having the edges of the cotyledons applied to the radicle. 
 
 ACHENE ; a dry, simple, indehiscent fruit. 
 
 ACUMINATE ; tapering to a point. 
 
 ADNATE ; united throughout its length to another organ. 
 
 ALBUMEN ; the nutritious, matter contained in a seed for the sustenance of 
 
 the young plant arising therefrom in its first stage of growth. 
 ALTERNATE ; attached to opposite sides, but not opposite to each other. 
 ANGULAR ; with angles or edges more or less projecting. 
 ANTHER ; the part of the stamen which contains the pollen. 
 APEX ; the extremity furthest from the point of attachment. 
 ASCENDING ; curved upwards. 
 
 AWN ; a long bristle-like midrib, as the beard of Barley. 
 AXIL ; the angle formed by the union of the stem and leaf. 
 AXILLABY ; growing from the axil. 
 
 BEAK ; a pointed projection. 
 
 BEARDED ; having a long tuft of hairs like a beard. 
 
 BERRY ; a fleshy or pulpy fruit containing several seeds. 
 
 BIFID ; cleft half-way down. 
 
 BIPARTITE ; cleft nearly to the base. 
 
 BRACTS ; small leaves on the inflorescence. 
 
 BRISTLES ; stiff hairs. 
 
 BULB ; underground leaf-buds with fleshy scales. 
 
 CALYX ; the outer whorl of floral leaves, usually green, the separate pieces 
 
 of which are called sepals. 
 CAMPANULATE; bell-shaped. 
 
 CAPITATE ; growing in heads or very close clusters. 
 CAPSULE ; a dry, dehiscent, seed-vessel ; generally many-seeded. 
 CARPEL; a modified leaf; one of the segments of an ovary or capsule. 
 
 An ovary may consist of one carpel only. 
 CATKIN ; a unisexual spike of crowded flowers in bracts. 
 CHANNELLED ; grooved like a gutter. 
 CIBCINATE ; rolled up like a crosier. 
 
 CLAW ; the long narrow lower portion of the petal of some flowers. 
 CLAWED ; (petal) having a long narrow base. 
 CLEFT ; deeply divided, nearly to the midrib. 
 CLUSTER ; an apparently promiscuous collection of similar parts ; in Ferns 
 
 the patches of capsules. 
 COHERING ; united together. 
 COMMISSURE ; the inner sides of the carpels of Umbelliferse, in contact with 
 
 each other. 
 
 COMPRESSED ; flattened laterally. 
 CONDUPLIOATE ; folded lengthwise. 
 CONE ; the fruit of a Fir-tree. 
 CONICAL ; shaped like a sngar-loaf. 
 
 CONNATE ; when two like parts (as leaves) are connected at their bases. 
 CONVERGING ; the ends or points gradually approaching.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 COEDATE ; heart-shaped, with the point of attachment between the lobes. 
 COROLLA ; the whorl of floral leaves between the calyx and stamens, 
 
 usually coloured, the separate pieces of which are called petals. 
 COBYMB ; a raceme in which the stalks of the flowers are so proportioned 
 
 in length that the flowers all come to nearly the same level. 
 CORYMBOSE ; having the form of a corymb. 
 COTYLEDONS ; the seed lobes ; the rudimentary leaves of an embryo which 
 
 develope into the first leaves of the young plant. 
 CRENATE ; with convex marginal teeth. 
 CYLINDRICAL ; terete ; in the form of a cylinder. Example, the stems of 
 
 Grasses. 
 CYME ; a form of inflorescence in which the central flowers open first, and 
 
 the others in succession ; usually in appearance like an umbel, but 
 
 with branched stalks, as in the Elder. 
 
 DECIDUOUS; falling off; said of organs which ultimately detach them- 
 selves after fulfilling their functions. 
 
 DENTATE ; toothed. 
 
 DICHOTOMOCS ; forked ; branching in pairs. 
 
 DIDYMOUS ; twin ; growing in pairs. Example, the fruit of the Galium. 
 
 DIDYNAMOUS ; having 4 stamens, 2 of which are longer than the others. 
 
 DKECIOUS ; having the male and female flowers produced on different 
 plants. 
 
 DISK ; the thickened or fleshy part to which the stamens and pistils are 
 attached ; or the annular or scaly elevation between them ; the 
 central part of a head in Compositae, consisting of tubular florets. 
 
 DISSEPIMENTS ; divisions in the ovary ; septa. 
 
 DORSAL ; belonging to the back. 
 
 DRUPE ; a fleshy fruit, superior, containing a 1- or 2-seeded stony nut. 
 
 ELLIPTIC ; oval, but with more acute ends. 
 
 EMARGINATE ; notched at the end. 
 
 EMBRYO ; the rudimentary plant contained in the seed. 
 
 ENTIRE ; having no marginal lobes or teeth. 
 
 ERECT ; standing perpendicular from its base. 
 
 EXSTIPULATE ; without stipules. 
 
 FAMILY ; (= Order) a group of plants composed of allied genera. 
 
 FIBRE ; a thread-like kind of structure. 
 
 FIBROUS ; composed of fibres. 
 
 FILAMENT ; the stalk of an anther. 
 
 FILIFORM ; slender, like a thread. 
 
 FLORETS ; the individual flowers contained in the head of a Composite 
 
 flower, or in the spikelet of a Grass or Sedge. 
 FOLLICLE ; a fruit formed of a single carpel ; 1-celled, opening on one side 
 
 only, and containing many seeds. 
 FORKED ; divided like the prongs of a fork. 
 FREE ; unconnected except at the base. 
 FROND ; the leaf-like part of a Fern. 
 FRUIT ; the matured seed-vessel. 
 
 GIBBOUS; swollen. 
 
 GLABROUS ; having a smooth surface, without hairs or other appendages. 
 
 GLAND ; a wart-like secreting swelling. 
 
 GLANDULAR; having glands. 
 
 GLAUCOUS ; covered with a bloom like the grape. 
 
 GLOBULAR ;} 8 P he al . or nearly so. 
 
 GLUMES ; the exterior series of the bracts which constitute the flower of a 
 
 Grass, i. e. the bracts enclosing the spikelets of flowers ; the imbricated 
 
 bracts enclosing the flowers of Sedges. 
 GRANULATED ; having a rough surface, as if formed of grains.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 HASTATE ; in the form of a halbert ; having two diverging lobes, one on 
 
 each side of the base of the leaf. 
 
 HEAD ; a close collection of flowers surrounded by an involucre. 
 HERB ; a plant with an annual stem. 
 
 HERMAPHRODITE ; having both sexes (stamens and pistils) in the same flower. 
 HOODED ; arched like a cowl. 
 HYPOGYNOUS ; attached below the base of the ovary, and not on the calyx. 
 
 IMBRICATE ; overlapping each other, like the tiles of a roof. 
 
 INCUMBENT ; said of an embryo when the radicle is folded down upon the 
 
 back of the cotyledons. 
 
 INDTTSIUM ; a thin membrane covering the clusters of capsules in Ferns. 
 INFERIOR ; a calyx, corolla, or perianth is said to be inferior when it is 
 
 attached below the ovary and free from it. The ovary is said to be 
 
 inferior when it is attached below the flower, which latter, therefore, 
 
 stands upon the ovary. 
 INFLEXED ; curved inwards. 
 
 INFLORESCENCE ; the general arrangement of the flowers. 
 INSERTED ; attached to, growing upon. 
 INVOLUCRE ; the ring of bracts at the base of a head or umbel ; or below 
 
 the calyx in a simple flower. A partial involucre is the involucre at 
 
 the base of a partial umbel ; a general involucre is the involucre at the 
 
 base of a general umbel. 
 IRREGULAR ; having the lobes unequal ; wanting regularity or symmetry in 
 
 form. 
 
 KEEL ; a prominent ridge. In the Pea-flower the two connected petals. 
 
 LABIATE ; an irregular monopetalous corolla, with two lips and an open 
 throat. 
 
 LANCEOLATE ; narrowly elliptical and tapering at each end. 
 
 LEAFLET ; one of the divisions of a compound leaf. 
 
 LEGUME; a 1-celled seed-vessel, with two valves and the seeds attached 
 to the ventral suture. 
 
 LINEAR ; very long and narrow, with the sides parallel, or nearly so. 
 
 LIPS ; the principal lobes or portions of a corolla or a calyx. 
 
 LOBES ; the large segments of a leaf, or the segments of a corolla or calyx. 
 N.B. In this work, when the word "lobe" is applied to the free 
 parts or divisions of the floral leaves composing a calyx, corolla, or 
 perianth, it includes those free parts or divisions without regard to 
 the length they may bear to the whole length of the organ of which 
 they form part. 
 
 LYRATE; a pinnatifid leaf with one large terminal lobe and several 
 smaller lateral lobes. 
 
 MEMBRANOUS ; thin and pliant ; semi-transparent. 
 
 MONILIFORM ; like a string of beads. 
 
 MONOPETALOUS ; having the petals united at their bases so as to be in one 
 
 piece. 
 
 MUCHONATE ; abruptly terminating in a short point 
 Mucus ; a viscid fluid. 
 
 NUT ; a hard, dry, 1-seeded superior fruit ; or a hard, dry, 1- or few-seeded 
 fruit (indehiscent) seated in an involucre. Example, Hazel-nut. 
 
 OB ; in composition means that the thing signified is inverted, as an 
 obcordate leaf is a cordate leaf attached by its narrow end, like the 
 leaflets of the white clover. 
 
 OBLIQUE ; unequal sided. 
 
 OBLONG ; a long obtuse ellipse. 
 
 OPPOSITE ; leaves in pairs placed opposite to each other, or in a flower, the 
 organs of a different whorl placed the one in front of the other.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 ORBICULAR ; circular, or nearly so. 
 OVARY ; the seed-vessel in a young or immature state. 
 OVATE ; egg-shaped (flat), attached by its broader end. 
 OVOID ; egg-shaped (solid). 
 
 PALE.&: ; the scales in a Grass immediately enclosing the stamens, pistils, 
 
 and hypogynous scales. 
 PALMATE ; a leaf or a tuber with its lobes disposed or spreading in the 
 
 manner of the fingers of a hand. 
 PANICLE ; a raceme with branched pedicels. 
 PAPILIONACEOUS ; butterfly-shaped, like the flower of a Pea. 
 PAPPUS ; the hairs or scales which crown the fruit of Composite plants. 
 PARASITE ; a plant that grows upon, and receives its nourishment from, 
 
 another plant. 
 PARIETAL (placenta) ; when the ovules or seeds are attached to the inner 
 
 surface or lining of an ovary or seed-vessel. 
 PATENT ; spreading widely. 
 
 PECTINATE ; pinnatifid, with the segments very narrow and parallel. 
 PEDICEL ; the branch of a peduncle ; the particular stalk of each flower. 
 PELTATE ; a leaf circular or nearly so in outline, with its stalk attached at 
 
 or near the centre. 
 
 PENDULOUS ; seeds hanging from the top of an ovary or seed-vessel. 
 PERFOLIATE ; when the leaf surrounds the stem so that the latter appears 
 
 to pass through it. 
 PERIANTH ; the floral whorl in which the calyx and corolla are not readily 
 
 distinguished the one from the other. 
 PERIGYNOUS ; having the corolla and stamens attached to the calyx, but 
 
 free from the ovary. 
 
 PERSISTENT ; not falling off, even when withered. 
 PERSONATE; an irregular monopetalous 2-lipped corolla, with its lips 
 
 close compressed. 
 
 PETALS ; the separate pieces or divisions of a corolla. 
 PETIOLE ; the stalk of a leaf. 
 PINKS: ; the segments of a pinnate leaf. 
 PINNATE ; when the leaflets are arranged on opposite sides of a common 
 
 stalk. A leaf is 2- or 3-pinnate when its first and second divisions 
 
 are pinnate. 
 PINNATIFID ; when the leaf is deeply cleft in a pinnate manner, but not 
 
 divided quite to the midrib. 
 PINNULE ; the segments of a bipinnate leaf. 
 PISTIL ; the female organ of flowering plants, usually consisting of ovary, 
 
 style, and stigma. 
 PLACENTA ; the part of the ovary or seed-vessel to which the ovules or 
 
 seeds are attached. 
 POD ; a 1-celled, 2-valved seed-vessel, with the seeds attached along the 
 
 ventral suture. 
 POLYGAMOUS ; having male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers on the same 
 
 plant. 
 
 POLYPETALOUS ; having the corolla composed of separate petals. 
 POME ; an apple or similar fruit. 
 PORES ; small roundish openings or holes. 
 PRICKLES ; sharply-pointed conical elevations arising from the epidermis, 
 
 not from the wood. 
 PRICKLY ; having prickles. 
 
 PUBESCENCE ; closely adpressed short and soft hairs. 
 PUBESCENT ; having the surface covered with short and soft hairs. 
 
 QUADRANGULAR ; (stem) 4-angled or 4-sided. 
 QUINATE ; having the parts arranged in fives. 
 
 EACEME; an inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged singly on 
 distinct pedicels along a common axis, as in the Red Currant; a spike 
 with stalked flowers.
 
 io British Wild Flowers 
 
 KACHIS ; the central stalk of some kinds of inflorescence ; in Grasses, the 
 
 main stalk to the spikelets ; the midrib above the lowest pinnaj in 
 
 the fronds of Ferns. 
 
 RADIATE ; having the parts diverging like rays. 
 RADICAL ; (leaves) springing from the crown of the root. 
 RAMOSE ; stem or branch divided into many branches. 
 RAYS ; parts diverging from a centre, and forming a circular outline like 
 
 the spokes of a wheel. 
 RECUBVED ; curved gradually backwards. 
 REFLEXED ; bent quite back. 
 RENIFOBM; kidney-shaped. 
 REVOLDTE ; rolled back. 
 
 RHIZOME ; a prostrate rooting stem, growing more or less underground. 
 Rras ; prominent veins. 
 
 RINGENT ; a term applied to an irregular 2-lipped gaping corolla. 
 ROOTSTOCK ; a rhizome or tuber. 
 RUNCINATE; a pinnatifid leaf, with the lateral lobes pointing backward 
 
 toward the base. 
 
 SACCATE ; having a bag or pouch. 
 
 SAGITTATE ; shaped like an arrow-head. 
 
 SALVER-SHAPED ; a monopetalous corolla with a flat limb and a long tube. 
 
 SAMAKA ; a dry indehiscent winged fruit. 
 
 SCABIOUS ; thin, dry, and semi-transparent. 
 
 SECUND ; all turned in one direction. 
 
 SEED ; the reproductive body containing the embryo of the new plant. 
 
 SEPALS ; the separate pieces or divisions of the calyx. 
 
 SEBBATE ; toothed like a saw, teeth pointing forward. 
 
 SESSILE ; without a stalk. 
 
 SETACEOUS; bristle-like. 
 
 SHEATH ; the lower part of a leaf or its stalk which wraps round the stem. 
 
 SIMPLE ; in one piece ; not compound nor branched. 
 
 IIKU*'-' I havin S a waved outline like an oak leaf. 
 
 SOBI ; the patches or clusters of capsules on the back of the fronds of Ferns. 
 
 SPADIX ; a succulent spike enclosed in a spathe. 
 
 SPATHE ; a large bract enclosing an inflorescence. 
 
 SPATHULATE ; battledore-shaped. 
 
 SPIKE ; a long simple peduncle, with sessile flowers. 
 
 SPIKELET ; the secondary spike of Grasses. 
 
 SPINE ; a stiff, sharp, woody thorn. 
 
 SPINOUS ; having spines. 
 
 SPUB ; a tubular horn-shaped projection from the lower part of a petal or 
 monopetalous corolla or calyx. 
 
 STAMEN ; the male organ of a flower containing the pollen. 
 
 STIGMA ; that part (generally the upper portion) of the style to which the 
 pollen adheres. 
 
 STD?E ; the stalk of Ferns. 
 
 STIPULES ; more or less leaf-like appendages at the base of a leaf-stalk. 
 
 STRIPES ; the vittse of Umbellifers ; the oil receptacles in the fruit. 
 
 STYLE ; the portion of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma ; when 
 absent the stigma is sessile. 
 
 SUB ; a prefix, meaning a near approach to. 
 
 SUBULATE ; awl -shaped, tapering from the base to a fine point. 
 
 SUPERIOR ; above another part ; a calyx is superior when its tube is wholly 
 attached to the ovary; a corolla or a perianth is superior when it is 
 attached to the upper part of the ovary ; an ovary is superior when it 
 is free within the flower, the latter being attached beneath it. 
 
 SUTUBE ; the line of junction of two similar parts or organs. 
 
 TENDRIL ; a twining, slender, thread-like organ by which some plants 
 
 support themselves. 
 TERETE ; circular in cross section, or nearly so.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 1 1 
 
 TERMINAL ; at the end. 
 
 TERNATE ; arranged in threes. 
 
 THORN; an abortive brancb, differing from the prickle by being in con- 
 
 tinuity with the wood of the stem. 
 THROAT ; the mouth of the tube of a corolla or calyx. 
 TRIANGULAR ; (stem) 3-angled and 3-sided. 
 TRUNCATE; with an abrupt end, as if cut off. 
 TUBE ; (corolla) the tubular part of a monopetalous corolla. 
 TUBER ; a swollen underground part of the stem. 
 TUBERCLES ; warts. 
 TUBEROUS ; like a tuber. 
 TUNIC ; a flask-shaped loose covering. 
 TUEBINATE; top-shaped. 
 
 UMBEL ; an inflorescence in which the pedicels proceed from the same 
 
 point and the flowers all reach about the same level. 
 UNILATERAL ; directed to one side. 
 URCEOLATE ; pitcher-shaped. 
 
 VALVATE ; touching each other by the margins only. 
 
 VALVES ; the distinct portions of a seed-vessel which open like doors. 
 
 VERNATION ; the disposition of the leaves in the bud. 
 
 VERSATILE ; swinging freely from its point of attachment. 
 
 VILLOUS ; covered with soft hair. 
 
 I ; oil ducts or canals in the fruit of Umbellifers. 
 
 WEDGE-SHAPED ; (leaf) when like a wedge and attached at its point. 
 
 WHORL ; a ring of similar organs around an axis. 
 
 WHORLED ; arranged in whorls. 
 
 WINGED ; (seed) a membranous border ; (stem) a deep ridge or border.
 
 12 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 SYMBOLICAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 1 Style. 
 
 
 o - 
 
 Calyx. 
 
 Stamen. 
 
 
 Q 
 
 Superior ovary. 
 
 O Petal. 
 
 
 Q - 
 
 Inferior ovary. 
 
 C ^ Corolla-lobe. 
 
 
 
 
 Dry fruit, 1- or 2-celled.J 
 
 A - Sepal. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 Succulent fruit, 2-celled. 
 
 A Calyx-lobe. 
 
 
 j ~ 
 
 Herb. 
 
 ( J Perianth-lobe. 
 
 
 . 
 
 Shrub. 
 
 pvf~~V~\ (Regular* polypetalous 
 ^^.// I corolla. 
 
 tip - 
 
 - Tree. 
 
 /""J/P (Irregular polypetalous 
 *-~\iy I corolla. 
 
 <3 ~ 
 
 Male. 
 
 <V~V> (Regular * monopetalous 
 \ j \ corolla. 
 
 9 - 
 
 Female. 
 
 x^vO (Irregular monopetalous 
 '-N. f \ corolla. 
 
 g 
 
 Hermaphrodite. 
 
 ^N/y^ (Regular * corolla-like f 
 \ / \ perianth. 
 
 ((J O) Monoecious. 
 
 fy7 (Irregular corolla-like 
 "^ / \ perianth. 
 
 (j I O ' Dioscious. 
 
 |\Y| Calyx-like f perianth. 
 
 !^^~ 
 
 - Water. 
 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 
 The abbreviations may stand either for the singular or plural. 
 
 Alt. Alternate. 
 Bet. Bract. 
 Ber. Berry. 
 Cal. Calyx. 
 Cap. Capsule. 
 Cor. Corolla. 
 Crim. Crimson. 
 Exstip Exstipulate. 
 Fl. Flower. 
 Fr. Fruit. 
 Fruct. Fructification. 
 G. Inv. General Involucre. 
 
 Gl. Glume. 
 Inv. Involucre. 
 L. Leaf. 
 Low. Lower. 
 Opp. Opposite. 
 Out. Outer. 
 Ovy. Ovary. 
 P. Inv Partial Involucre. 
 Pal. Palea. 
 Pet. Petal. 
 Prth. Perianth. 
 Purp. Purple. 
 
 Rad Radical 
 
 Recept. . . . Receptacle. 
 Rud Rudiment 
 
 Sacc Saccate. 
 Sec Section. 
 
 Seg Segment 
 
 Stam Stamen. 
 
 Stip Stipule. 
 Succu 1 - . . . Succulent. 
 Up Upper. 
 
 Var Various. 
 
 Yell Yellow. 
 
 * In the analysis of Divisions (page 16) and the headings of the analysis of Orders (pp. 18 to 
 38), where the regular or irregular form of the flower is not under consideration, the illustration 
 for the regular form Is used, 
 f A perianth is said to be corolla-like when it is more or less bright-coloured ; and calyx-like 
 when it is green or dull-coloured. 
 J Dotting indicates that the part thereby represented may or may not be present. 
 
 .A.MESSCR. DELT
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 NATURAL ORDERS OF BRITISH PLANTS. 
 
 FLOWERING PLANTS. 
 
 1. RANUNCULACE.E. 
 
 2. BERBERIDACE^E. 
 
 3. NYMPH^EACE^E. 
 
 4. PAPAVERACE^E. 
 
 5. FcrMARiACEjE. 
 
 6. CRUCIFER^E. 
 
 7. RESEDACE^;. 
 
 8. ClSTACE.32. 
 
 9. VlOLACE/E. 
 
 10. DROSERACE^E. 
 
 11. FRANKENIACE^E. 
 
 12. POLYGALACE.E. 
 
 13. ELATINACE.E. 
 
 14. CARYOPHYLLACE,E. 
 
 15. MALVACEAE. 
 
 16. TILIACE.E. 
 
 17. HYPERICACEJE. 
 
 18. ACERACE^E. 
 
 19. GERANIACE.E. 
 
 20. BALSAMINACE^:. 
 
 21. OXALIDACE^E. 
 
 22. LINAGES. 
 
 23. CELASTRACE^E. 
 24. 
 
 25. 
 
 26. TtosACE^;. 
 
 27. LYTHRACE^. 
 
 80. TRILLIACE^E. 
 
 81. DlOSCOREACE^E. 
 
 82. HYDROCHARIDACE^E. 
 
 83. ORCHIDACE^E. 
 
 84. IRIDACE.S:. 
 
 85. AMARYLLIDACE^:. 
 
 86. ALISMACE^E. 
 
 CLASS I. EXOGENS. 
 
 28. TAMARISCACE^E. 
 
 29. ONAGRACE^:. 
 
 30. HALORAGACE^:. 
 
 31. CUCURBITACE^E. 
 
 32. PORTULACElff:. 
 
 33. PARONYCHIACE.E, 
 
 34. CRASSULACE^. 
 
 35. RIBESIACEJE. 
 
 36. SAXIFRAGACE^E. 
 
 37. UMBELLIFER.E. 
 
 38. HEDERACE.E. 
 
 40. LORANTHACE^;. 
 
 41. CAPRIFOLIACE52. 
 
 42. RUBIACE^:. 
 
 43. VALERIANACE^. 
 
 44. DIPSACACE^E. 
 
 45. COMPOSIT.E. 
 
 46. CAMPANULACE^:. 
 
 47. ERICACEAE. 
 
 48. AQUIFOLIACE^. 
 
 49. JASMIN ACE^E. 
 
 50. APOCYNACE.E. 
 
 51. GENTIAN ACE^E. 
 
 52. POLEMONIACE.E. 
 
 53. CONVOLVULACE^;. 
 
 CLASS II. ENDOGENS. 
 
 87. ASPARAGACEjE. 
 
 88. LlLIACE^;. 
 
 89. MELANTHACE^E. 
 
 90. JUNCACE^;. 
 
 91. ERIOCAULACE^E. 
 
 92. TYPHACE^:. 
 
 54. BORAGINACEiE. 
 
 55. SOLANACE^. 
 
 56. OROBANCHACE^E. 
 
 57. SCROPHULARIACE^. 
 
 58. LABIATE. 
 
 59. VERBENACE.E. 
 
 60. LENTTBULARIACE^E. 
 
 61. PRIMULACE.E. 
 
 62. PLUMBAGINACE^. 
 
 63. PLANTAGINACE/E. 
 
 64. AMARANTHACE^E. 
 
 65. CHENOPODIACE^. 
 
 66. POLYGONACE^E. 
 
 67. EI^EAGNACE^;. 
 
 68. THYMELACE^:. 
 
 69. SANTALACE.E. 
 
 70. ARISTOLOCHIACE^:. 
 
 71. EMPETRACE.E. 
 
 72. ECPHORBIACE^:. 
 
 73. CERATOPHYLLACE^;. 
 
 74. CALLITRICHACE^E. 
 
 75. URTICACE^E. 
 
 76. CANNABINACE^E. 
 
 77. ULMACE^:. 
 
 78. AMENTACE^E. 
 
 79. CONIFERS. 
 
 93. 
 
 94. LEMNACE.S. 
 
 95. POTAMOGETONACEJE. 
 
 96. NAIADACE^;. 
 
 97. CYPERACE.S:. 
 98. 
 
 99. EQUISETACE.E. 
 100. CHARACE^. 
 
 FLOWERLESS PLANTS. 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGENS. 
 
 101. LYCOPODIACE*:. 103. FILICES. 
 
 102. MARSILEACE^;.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 .EITHER OR BOTH PRESENTS 
 
 CLASS I. EXOGENAL 
 
 Cmssll. ENDOGENAL 
 
 /J \ / \ 
 
 3 or Us multiples. 
 
 t 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 or im 
 
 or 
 
 10 
 
 I 
 
 or 
 
 I 
 
 BOTH ABSENT 
 
 .) 
 
 CLASS 111. ACROGENAL
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 /STAMENS AND PISTILS EITHER\ 
 \ OR BOTH PRESENT. / 
 
 
 CLASS 1. EXOGENS. 
 
 CLASS II. ENDOGENS. 
 
 1 
 
 Stem, when perennial, formed of 
 bark, wood, and pith ; having 
 medullary rays ; and increasing 
 externally by concentric layers. 
 
 Stem without distinct bark, wood, 
 and pith ; consisting of cellular 
 tissue with vascular bundles em- 
 bedded irregularly in it. 
 
 2 
 
 Embryo with 2 (or more) coty- 
 ledons. 
 
 Embryo with 1 cotyledon. 
 
 3 
 
 Sepals, petals, and stamens, 2, 5, 
 or their multiples. 
 
 Perianth-lobes and stamens 3 or its 
 multiples. 
 
 4 
 
 Leaves net-veined. 
 
 Leaves parallel-veined. 
 
 5 
 
 Leaves either entire, toothed, lobed, 
 pinnate, or variously divided. 
 
 Leaves entire. 
 
 6 
 
 Leaves alternate or opposite. 
 
 Leaves alternate. 
 
 7 
 
 Leaves articulated with the stem 
 and deciduous. 
 
 Leaves in one with the stem and 
 persistent. 
 
 8 
 
 Leaves with or without stipules. 
 
 Leaves without stipules. 
 
 9 
 
 Herbs, shrubs, or trees. 
 
 Herbs. 
 
 1O 
 
 Stem simple or branched. 
 
 Stem simple. 
 
 /STAMENS AND PISTILS\ 
 V BOTH ABSENT. / 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGENS. 
 
 c 2
 
 16 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 CLASS I. EXOGEN/t. 
 
 I 
 
 ffi 
 
 or \Y>? or 
 
 T 
 
 CLASS 1 1. ENDOGENfc. 
 
 or n o 
 
 I 
 
 or 
 
 or 
 
 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGEN*.. 
 
 Leaves none. Stem. \ 
 \ 
 
 -^ 
 
 X 
 
 Learcs 1 to 
 
 i ' 
 
 
 331
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 CLASS 1. EXOGENS. 
 
 Div. 
 
 Flowers with both calyx and corolla 
 (mono- or poly-petalous). 
 
 Corolla polypetalous, inferior 
 
 I. 
 
 Do. superior 
 
 II. 
 
 Corolla monopetalous, superior . . 
 
 III. 
 
 Do. inferior 
 
 IV. 
 
 Flowers with corolla-like * or calyx-like * perianth, or naked 
 
 V. 
 
 CLASS II. ENDOGENS. 
 
 Leaves net-veined 
 
 Flowers wii 
 or naked 
 
 h corolla-like or calyx-like perianth, 
 
 VI. 
 
 
 Leaves parallel-veined 
 
 Flowers wit 
 perianth 
 
 h calyx and corolla, or corolla-like 
 
 VII. 
 
 
 Flowers with calyx-like perianth, or naked 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Flowers in imbricated bracts 
 
 IX. 
 
 * A perianth is said to be corolla-like when it is more or less bright-coloured ; and calyx-like 
 when It is green or dull-coloured. 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGENS. 
 
 Leaves none. Stem simple or with whorled branches 
 
 X. 
 
 Leaves (or fronds) varying from simple to 2- or 3-pinnate 
 
 XI.
 
 i8 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 CLASS I. EXOGENAL. 
 
 UDm 
 
 L. 
 
 71. EMPETRACEAV 
 
 24RHAMNACEAL. 
 
 24. Do. 
 
 4-orS 
 
 23.CELASTRACE/E. 
 
 28-TAMARISCACE^.. 
 
 2. BERBERIDACDE. 
 
 
 18. ACERACEA^.. 
 
 Yopp 
 
 IQiniset 
 
 t'L 
 
 fr. 
 
 25 LEGUMINOS*.. 
 
 17 HYPERICACE/t. 
 
 alt 
 
 15. MALVACEAL. 
 
 rA.MCS5CX.OlU 
 
 8 ClSTACE>t. 
 
 16. TJLIACE^.. 
 
 26. 
 
 26. Do. 
 
 26. Do.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 CLASS I. EXOGENS. 
 
 DlY. I. 
 
 Flowers with both calyx and corolla. 
 
 Corolla polypetalous, inferior. 
 
 iBtly Trees or Shrubs. 
 
 Dioecious. Stamens 3. Style 1, stigma 9-rayed. 
 Leaves linear-oblong. 
 Petals 3. Sepals 3. Ovary 9-celled, cells 1-seeded. 
 
 Berry 1-celled, many-seeded .. .. ,. 
 Dioecious. Stamens 4. Styles 4, partly united. 
 Leaves ovate, finely serrated. 
 
 Sepals 4. Stamens 4, opposite the petals. 
 
 Berry 4-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 4 or 5 (hermaphrodite). 
 Leaves obovate, entire. 
 
 Style 1. Stamens 5, opposite the petals. 
 
 Berry 2-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate or pinnate, toothed. 
 
 Styles 1 or 2. Stamens 4 or 5, alternating with 
 the petals. Capsule 2- or 4-celled, 4-seeded . . 
 Leaves minute, scale-like. 
 
 Styles 3, thick. Stam. 5. Cap. 1-celled, many-seeded 
 Stamens 6. 
 
 Leaves obovate, sharply toothed. 
 
 Stamens opposite to the petals ; anthers opening by 
 
 valves attached to the top. 
 Berry oblong, 2- or 3-seeded . . . . . . . . 
 
 Stamens about 8. 
 
 Leaves lobed, opposite. 
 
 Fruit winged, 2-celled, cells 1- or 2-seeded ., 
 Stamens 10, in one set. 
 
 Leaves awl-shaped, lanceolate, or ternate. 
 
 Flowers irregular, papilionaceous. Fruit a legume, 
 
 with the placenta on the upper suture 
 Stamens many, in 3 or 5 sets. 
 
 Leaves varying from linear to ovate ; entire, opposite. 
 Styles 3 or 5. Flowers yellow. 
 
 Capsule 3- or 5-celled, cells many-seeded . . . . 
 
 Stamens many, in 1 set. 
 
 Leaves lobed, stipulate, alternate. 
 
 Sepals valvate in the bud. Styles many, partly united. 
 
 Fruit 8- to 20-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens many, filaments free. 
 
 Leaves varying from linear to ovate ; entire, opposite. 
 Calyx of 3 large and 2 or small sepals. 
 
 Capsule imperfectly 3-celled, seeds several 
 Leaves obliquely cordate, with deciduous stipules. 
 Sepals valvate in the bud. Flowers on a bract. 
 
 Ovary 6-celled, cells 2-seeded. Fruit 1- or 2-seeded 
 Leaves varying from lanceolate to ovate, toothed, with 
 deciduous stipules. 
 
 Fruit a drupe (a cherry or plum) 
 
 Leaves ternate or quinate, toothed, stipulate. 
 
 Fruit, granulated, consisting of many small drupes 
 Leaves pinnate, toothed, stipulate ; leaflets 5 to 9. 
 Fruit many hairy nuts enclosed in a fleshy calyx-tube 
 
 FAMILY. 
 71. Crowberry. 
 
 24. Buckthorn. 
 
 24. Do. 
 
 23. Spindle-tree. 
 28. Tamarisk. 
 
 2. Barberry. 
 18. Maple. 
 
 25. Peaflower. 
 
 17. St. John's Wort, 
 
 15. Mallow. 
 
 8. Rock-rose. 
 
 16. Lime. 
 
 26. Rose. 
 26. Do. 
 26. Do.
 
 20 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 Ottord united 
 
 Pet. 4 
 
 TetS 
 
 green arirfutf 
 
 /?. blue 
 
 9. VlOLACE/E. 
 
 5. FUMARIACE/t. 
 
 25. LEGUMINOS/E. 
 
 7 
 
 1. RANUNCULACE/L. 
 
 fSticculfjtt 
 plants 
 
 34-.CRASSULACE/E.. 
 
 2. BERBERI DACE/t. 
 
 10. DROSERACE*.. 
 
 36. SAXIFRAGACE^.. 
 
 6. CRUCIFER/t. 
 
 11. FRANKENIACE/L. 
 
 3. NYMPH/tACEAL. 
 
 4-. PAPAVERACE/L. 
 
 many 
 
 8. ClSTACE/t. 
 
 L.stip. 
 
 Fr. lor mart 
 
 @ or 
 
 26. ROSACE/^.. 
 
 (j) L.ecsfy 
 
 Do 
 
 \. F?ANUNCULACE.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 21 
 
 f Flowers with both calyx and corolla. Corolla polypetalous, 
 -px r T J inferior. 2 n f7 Herbs. Ovaries many, each bearing a 
 I ) 1 \ , _L j style ; or solitary with 1 or more placentas, parietal or 
 
 v on the dissepiments, not forming a central axis. 
 
 Corolla irregular. 
 
 Stamens 5, cohering, 2-spurred. 
 
 Sepals 5, saccate at base. Petals 5, lower one spurred. 
 Capsule with 3 placentas, many-seeded 
 
 Stamens 6, diadelphous, anthers 4 1-celled and 2 
 
 2-celled. 
 Sepals 2 or none. Petals 4, parallel, 1 gibbous or 
 
 spurred. 
 Fruit a 1-seeded nut, or a several-seeded pod .. 
 
 Stamens 10, all or 9 united. 
 
 Corolla papilionaceous (peaflower shape). 
 
 Fruit a legume, long or short ; placenta on the 
 upper suture 
 
 Stamens many. 
 
 Flowers yellowish-green or white. 
 
 Fruit with 3 placentas, many-seeded 
 
 Flowers blue or purple. 
 
 Fruit 1 to 5 follicles, seeds many 
 
 Corolla regular. (See No. 45.) 
 
 Succulent plants. 
 
 Stamens 3 to 40, inserted at the base of the sepals. 
 Sepals 3 to 20. 
 
 Fruit 3 to 10 follicles 
 
 Stamens 4. 
 Petals 4. 
 
 Stamens opposite to the petals ; anthers opening 
 by valves attached to the top 
 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Petals 5. (See Nos. 1 and 33.) 
 
 Styles 3, bifid. Leaves with a circinate verna- 
 tion, covered with glandular hairs 
 
 Stigmas 4, sessile. Scales 5, bearing glandular 
 bristles 
 
 Stamens 6, 4 longer than the 2 others. 
 Petals 4. Sepals 4. 
 
 Ovary 2-celled by false septum 
 
 Stamens 6, equal. 
 
 Petals 5. Calyx tubular, with 5 teeth. 
 Capsule with 3 placentas, many-seeded 
 
 Stamens many. 
 
 Petals many, passing gradually into stamens. 
 
 Water plants, leaves floating 
 
 Calyx of 2 sepals. 
 
 Petals 4 
 
 Calyx of 3 large and 2 or small sepals. 
 
 Petals 5 
 
 Stamens perigynous (inserted at the base of the 
 sepals). Leaves stipulate. 
 
 Fruit 1 or more nuts or follicles 
 
 Stamens hypogynous (attached below the ovary). 
 
 Leaves exstipulate. 
 Fruit 1 or more nuts or follicles 
 
 FAMILY. 
 9. Violet. 
 
 5. Fumitory. 
 
 25. Peaflower. 
 
 7. Mignonette. 
 
 1. Buttercup. 
 
 34. Stonecrop. 
 
 2. Barberry. 
 
 10. Sundew. 
 36. Saxifrage. 
 
 6. Crucifer. 
 
 11. Sea-heath. 
 
 3. Water-lily. 
 
 4. Poppy. 
 
 8. Rock-rose. 
 
 26. Rose. 
 
 1. Buttercup.
 
 22 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 ORDLY 
 
 TO 
 
 O 
 
 T 
 
 33. PARONYCHlACE/e. 
 
 32. PORTULACEAL. 
 
 H.CARYOPHYLLACEfc. 
 
 
 
 Slain. 
 
 12 PoLYGALACE/t 
 
 27. LYTHRACE/E.. 
 
 36. SAXIFRAGACE/E. 
 
 T 
 
 8. ClSTACE/t 
 
 17. HYPERICACE/t 
 
 13. ELATlNACE/e 
 
 13. Do. 
 
 19. GERANIACE/t.. 
 
 Starn.S 
 
 20. BALSAM INACE/E.. 
 
 21. OXALIDACE/t 
 
 l&orlO 
 
 \ 
 
 47 
 
 or\ 
 
 47 Do. 
 
 22 LlNACE/t. 
 
 . MALVACE/e
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 DlY. I. ) 
 
 Flowers with both calyx and corolla. Corolla poly- 
 petalous, inferior. 3 1 ? 1 / Herbs. Ovary solitary, 
 1- to 20-celled ; placenta central (i. e. forming a 
 central axis). 
 
 Ovary 1-celled. 
 Cell 1-seeded. 
 
 Calyx of 5 sepals. Stamens 5 
 
 Cell 3-seeded. 
 
 Calyx of 2 sepals. Stamens 3 or 5 
 
 Cell many-seeded. 
 
 Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals, or tubular. Stamens 10, 5, 
 or 4. Leaves opposite, entire ; varying from 
 linear to ovate 
 
 Ovary 2-celled. 
 Cells 1-seeded. 
 
 Flowers irregular. Stamens 8 in 2 clusters. An- 
 thers opening by pores 
 
 Cells many-seeded. 
 
 Style 1. Stamens 6 to 12. Calyx tubular or bell- 
 shaped, with teeth between the lobes 
 Styles 2. Stamens 10. Calyx of 5 sepals .. 
 
 Ovary 3-celled. 
 Cells many-seeded. 
 Style 1. 
 Stamens many. Calyx of 3 large and 2 or 
 
 small sepals 
 
 Styles 3. 
 
 Stamens many, in 3 sets. Flowers yellow 
 Stamens 6. Submerged water-plants .. 
 
 Ovary 4-celled. 
 Cells many-seeded. 
 
 Styles 4. (See No. 80.) 
 
 Stamens 8. Submerged water-plants .. .. 
 
 Ovary 5-celled. 
 Cells 1-seeded. 
 
 Fruit with a long beak. Stamens 5 or 10, mona- 
 delphous. Leaves opposite, stipulate .. ,. 
 Cells many-seeded (sometimes only 2- or 3-seeded). 
 Flowers irregular, spurred. 
 
 Stamens 5; anthers cohering. Succulent plants 
 Leaves ternate, stipulate. 
 
 Stamens 5 long and 5 short. Styles 5 .. .. 
 Leaves none, scales. 
 
 Stamens 8 or 10; anthers opening by a trans- 
 verse fissure. Stigma peltate 
 
 Leaves roundish or ovate. 
 
 Stamens 10; anthers opening by pores. Stigma 
 5-lobed 
 
 Ovary with 4 or 5 complete, and 4 or 5 incomplete dis- 
 sepiments. 
 Cells (spurious) 1-seeded. 
 
 Leaves varying from linear to obovate. 
 
 Stamens 4 or 5. Styles 4 or 5 
 
 Ovary 8- to 20-celled. 
 Cells 1-seeded. 
 
 Sepals valvate in the bud. Leaves alternate, stipu- 
 late ; lower variously lobed. Stamens many, in 
 1 set. Styles many, united at the base .. 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 33. Paronychia. 
 32. Purslane. 
 
 14. Pink. 
 
 12. Milkwort. 
 
 27. loosestrife. 
 36. Saxifrage. 
 
 8. Bock-rose. 
 
 17. St. John's Wort 
 
 13. Waterwort. 
 
 13. Do. 
 
 19. Geranium. 
 
 20. Balsam. 
 
 21. Wood-sorrel. 
 
 47. Heath. 
 47. Do. 
 
 22. Flax. 
 15. -Mallow.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 Biv. 
 
 STarn 
 
 40. LORANTHACE*.. 
 
 39. CoRNACE>t. 
 
 38. HEDERACE/E. 
 
 35. 
 
 26. ROSACES 
 
 
 30. HALORAGACE/e. 
 
 Sort 
 
 t- 
 
 i 
 
 X 
 
 29. ONAGRACE>t. 
 
 37 UlM BELLI FER/t 
 
 36. SAXIFRAGACE/t. 
 
 F.A.MCSSCK. DELT 
 
 4orS 
 
 iGortO 
 
 T. 
 
 Ior3 
 
 Stcun 
 
 L.opp. 
 
 L.olt. 
 
 LJ) or 
 
 to 
 
 41. CAPRIFOLIACE^: 
 
 47 ERICACEAE.. 
 
 43. VALERIAN AC E>t 
 
 44.DIPSACACEJE.. 
 
 42. RUBIACEAI. 
 
 46. CAMPANULACE*. 
 
 46. 
 
 Do. 
 
 45. CoMPosir/e. 
 
 31. CUCURBITACE*..
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 DlY. II. { 
 
 Flowers with both calyx and corolla. 
 Corolla polypetalous, superior. 
 
 Shrubs, parasitical on trees, dioecious. 
 Stamens 4 ; anthers sessile, many-celled. 
 
 Stigma 1, sessile. Berry 1 -seeded 
 
 Shrubs (not parasitical). 
 Stamens 4. 
 
 Style 1. Drupe with a 2-celled nut, cells 1-seeded 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Styles united in one. Flowers in globose umbels. 
 
 Berry 3- to 5-seeded 
 
 Style 2- or 4-cleft. Berry many-seeded, filled with 
 
 pulp; placentas 2, parietal 
 
 Stamens many. 
 
 Fruit a 1- to 5-celled pome ; or several small nuts 
 
 enclosed in the fleshy calyx-tube 
 
 Herbs ; submerged water-plants, monoecious. 
 Stamens 8. 
 
 Styles 4, villose. Fruit separating into 4 nuts . . 
 Herbs (terrestrial). (See No. 39.) 
 Stamens 8 or 2. 
 
 Style 1. Capsule 4-celled, cells many-seeded ; or 
 
 1- or 2-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Styles 2. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 Stamens 10. 
 
 Styles 2. Capsule 2-celled, cells many-seeded 
 
 FAMILY. 
 40. Mistletoe. 
 
 39. Dog-wood. 
 
 38. Ivy. 
 
 35. Currant. 
 
 26. Rose. 
 
 30. Mare's-tail. 
 
 29. Willow-herb. 
 37. Umbellate. 
 
 36. Saxifrage. 
 
 Div. III. { 
 
 Flowers with both calyx and corolla. 
 Corolla monopetalous, superior. 
 
 Shrubs. 
 
 Stamens 4 or 5. 
 
 Leaves opposite. Fruit generally fleshy, 1- to 
 
 5-celled, cells 1- (rarely many-) seeded 
 Stamens 8 or 10 ; anthers opening by pores, often awned. 
 Leaves alternate. Berry 4- or 5-celled, cells many- 
 seeded 
 
 Herbs. (See No. 41.) 
 Stamens 1 or 3. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded ; or 3-celled, 1 fertile and 
 
 2 empty 
 
 Stamens 4. 
 
 Flowers in heads. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded .. 
 Leaves in whorls of 4 to 10 leaflets. Fruit didym- 
 
 ous (rarely succulent), cells 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 5, free. (See No. 42.) 
 
 Capsule 2- to 5-celled, cells many-seeded 
 Stamens 5 ; anthers united into a tube. 
 Flowers in racemes. 
 
 Capsule 2- or 3-celled, cells many-seeded 
 Flowers in heads. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 5, sinuous, in 3 bundles. 
 
 Plant with lobed leaves and tendrils. Dioecious. 
 Berry 3- to 6-seedcd 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 41. Honeysuckle. 
 47. Heath. 
 
 43. Valerian. 
 
 44. Teasel. 
 
 42. Madder. 
 46. Bell-flower. 
 
 46. Do. 
 
 45. Composite. 
 
 31. Gourd.
 
 26 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 onf 
 
 Uarlff 
 
 Cor. 
 
 49. JASMIN AC EK.. 
 
 46. AQUI FOLIAGES. 
 
 47. ERICACEAL. 
 
 12.POLYGALACEAL. 
 
 60. LENTIBULARIACE*: 
 
 L.none 
 (scales) 
 
 56. OROBANCHACE/L. 
 
 a "i 
 
 \or 
 
 59. VERBENACE^.. 
 
 58.LABIATAE1. 
 
 oropp. 
 
 57. SCROPHULARIACEC 
 
 61. PRIMULACE^:. 
 
 63. PLANTAGINACDt. 
 
 CL.rar.) 
 
 62.PLUMBAGINACEC, 
 
 50. APOCYNACEAL. 
 
 (L.rar.) 
 
 51. GENTIANACE^.. 
 
 51 CONVOLVULACDE. 
 
 52 POLEMONIACE^.. 
 
 54 BoRAGINACE/t. 
 
 55. SOUNACEAI. 
 
 34.CRASSULACE^. 
 
 r A.MESSCR HILT
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 27 
 
 TA j-rr- T~\7" / Flowers with both calyx and corolla. 
 -LJ 1 V JL V i Corolla monopetalous, inferior. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. 
 Stamens 2. 
 
 Corolla valvate in the bud. Berry 2-celled, cells 
 
 1- or 2-seeded .. .. .. 
 
 Stamens 4 or 5. 
 
 Corolla imbricate in the bud. (See No. 47.) Fruit 
 fleshy; seeds stony, 4 (or 5) . . .. .. .. 
 
 Stamens 8 or 10. 
 
 Anthers opening by pores, with or without awns. 
 Fruit a 3- to 5-celled capsule, or a 4- to 5-celled 
 berry; cells many- (rarely 1-) seeded . , .. 
 Herbs. Corolla irregular. 
 Stamens 8, in 2 clusters. 
 Sepals irregular, 2 inner large, petal-like. 
 
 Capsule 2-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 3. 
 
 Calyx of 2 sepals. Capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded .. 
 Stamens 2. 
 
 Corolla spurred. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded ; 
 
 placenta, free, central 
 
 Stamens 4, didynamous (2 longer than the 2 others). 
 Leaves none (scales). Capsule 1-celled, many- 
 seeded ; placentas 2, parietal 
 
 Style from the top of the 4-lobed ovary. Flowers 
 
 in a slender spike. 
 
 Capsule separating into 4 1-seeded nuts 
 Stamens 4, didynamous, or 2 or 5. 
 
 Style from the base of the 4-lobed ovary. Stem square. 
 Leaves opposite. Capsule separating into 4 
 
 1-seeded nuts 
 
 Style terminal. Leaves alternate or opposite. 
 
 Capsule 2-celled, cells many- or 2-seeded . . . . 
 Herbs. Corolla regular. 
 
 Stamens opposite to the lobes of the corolla. 
 
 Stamens 4, 5, or 7. Style 1, stigma capitate. Cap- 
 sule 1-celled, many- (or few-) seeded ; placenta, 
 
 free, central .. 
 
 Leaves radical (various). 
 
 Stamens 4, corolla 4-lobed. Style 1. 
 
 Capsule 1- to 4-celled, cells 1-seeded ; or 2-celled, 
 
 calls 4- to 8-seeded 
 
 Stamens 5. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded 
 Leaves opposite (various). 
 
 Stamens 5, filaments bent. Stigma capitate, with 
 
 a ring at the base. Follicles 2, several-seeded . . 
 
 Stamens 4, 5, or 8. Capsule 1- or 2-celled, by the 
 
 inflexed margin of valves ; many-seeded 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Style 1, stigmas 2 ; or styles 2. 
 
 Capsule 4-seeded, 1- or 2-celled 
 
 Style 1, stigmas 3. Stamens unequal. 
 
 Capsule 3-celled, many-seeded 
 
 Style 1, from the base of the 4-lobed ovary. 
 
 Capsule separating into 4 1-seeded nuts . . 
 Style 1, stigma simple or capitate. 
 
 Berry or capsule, 2-celled, many-seeded .. 
 Stamens 10. 
 Styles 5. 
 
 Fruit 5 follicles, many-seeded 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 49. Jessamine. 
 48. Holly. 
 
 47. Heath. 
 
 12. Milkwort. 
 32. Purslane. 
 
 60. Butterwort. 
 
 56. Broomrape. 
 59. Vervain. 
 
 58. Labiate. 
 
 57. Figwort. 
 
 61. Primrose. 
 
 63. Plantain. 
 62. Thrift. 
 
 50. Periwinkle. 
 
 51. Gentian. 
 
 53. Convolvulus. 
 
 52. Jacob's Ladder, 
 
 54. Borage. 
 
 55. Nightshade. 
 
 34. Stonecrop.
 
 28 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 ID 
 
 
 OR \) OR ]*g 
 
 OR 
 
 fl.not 
 
 (%9(S)*g 
 
 &$* 
 
 T- 
 
 (I)-/ 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 ereryrefn 
 
 ^w 
 
 J>0. 
 
 ereirftn 
 
 79. CONIFER*.. 
 
 78.AMENTACE/S.. 
 
 78. Do. 
 
 /Q.CONIFER/t.. 
 
 TE.EUPHORBIACE/EL. 
 
 71. 
 
 67EUEAGNACEA1. 
 
 40.LORANTHACE>t. 
 
 24-.RHAMNACEAL. 
 
 49.JASMINACEAL. 
 
 A 
 
 A 
 
 38.HEDERACEA1 
 
 77ULMACE/E.. 
 
 68.THYMELACE/L. 
 
 18.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 29 
 
 DIY. V. 
 
 Flowers with corolla-like or calyx-like perianth, 
 
 or naked. 
 jstiy Trees or shrubs. 
 
 Flowers male or female. 
 
 Males in catkins, and females in catkins. 
 
 Monoecious : Anther-cells 2 (in each scale). Dioe- 
 cious : Anther-cells 4 to 6 (in each scale). 
 Style none. Leaves linear or subulate, entire, 
 
 evergreen 
 
 Monoecious : Stamens 4 to 12. Dioecious : Stamens 
 
 1 to 30. 
 
 Styles 2 (simple or bifid) or 4. Leaves neither 
 linear nor subulate, deciduous 
 
 Males only in catkins. 
 
 Moncecious : Stamens 5 to 20. 
 
 Styles 2 to 6. Leaves various . . . . ^ . . < 
 Dioecious : Stamens many, clustered ; anthers 3- to 
 
 8-celled. 
 Styles none. Leaves linear, entire, evergreen .. 
 
 Flowers not in catkins. 
 Monoecious. 
 Stamens 4. 
 
 Styles 3. Leaves ovate-oblong * 
 
 Dioecious. 
 Stamens 3. 
 
 Style 1 ; stigmas rayed. Leaves linear-oblong, 
 
 covered with a scaly scurf 
 
 Stamens 4; filaments shorter than the anthers* 
 
 Style 1. Leaves linear-lanceolate , 
 
 Stamens 4 ; anthers sessile, many-celled. 
 Style 1 ; stigma sessile blunt. 
 
 Leaves obovate-lanceolate obtuse 
 Stamens 4 ; filaments longer than the anthers. 
 Styles 4, partly united. 
 
 Leaves ovate-acuminate, finely toothed 
 
 Flowers hermaphrodite. 
 
 Stamens 2. 
 
 Fruit compressed, leaf-like at end (a samara). 
 Style 1 ; stigma thickened. Fruit 1- or 2-celled, 
 cells 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 4 or 5. 
 
 Stamens alternating with the sepals. 
 
 Style 1, short. Berry 2-celled, cells 1-seeded .. 
 Flowers in globular umbels. 
 
 Styles (5) united into one. Fruit 3- to 5-seeded, 
 
 a berry 
 
 Fruit winged all round (a samara). 
 
 Styles 2. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 8, in 2 rows. 
 
 Perianth tubular, lobes 4 spreading. 
 Style 1 ; stigma capitate. 
 
 Fruit a 1-seeded berry 
 
 Stamens 8 (in 1 row). 
 Fruit winged. 
 
 Stigmas 2. Fruit 2-celled, cells 1- or 2-seeded 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 79, Pine. 
 
 78. Catkin. 
 
 78. Do. 
 
 79. Pine, 
 
 72. Spurge. 
 
 71, Crowberry, 
 
 67, Sallow-thorn. 
 
 40. Mistletoe, 
 24. Buckthorn, 
 
 49. Jessamine. 
 
 24. Buckthorn. 
 
 38. Ivy. 
 77. Elm. 
 
 68. Daphne. 
 18. Maple.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 IDw.Y. 
 
 ' A 
 
 if 
 
 H 
 
 1-7 
 
 or 
 
 94. LEMNACE/t. 
 
 30. HALORAGACE/t. 
 
 73. CERATOPHYLLACE/L. 
 
 74. CALLITRICHACE/E.. 
 
 Z. 
 
 Stem 
 
 SUCCU 
 
 65. CHENOPODIACE*.. 
 
 (3$ 
 
 T* 6-8 
 
 H 
 
 66. POLYGONACE^.. 
 
 26. ROSACEAL. 
 
 75. URTICACE/L. 
 
 33. PARONYCHIACEAL. 
 
 76. CANNABINACE/E. 
 
 '.A. MESSES. DEI
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 3 1 
 
 Div. V. 
 
 Flowers with corolla-like or calyx-like perianth, 
 
 or naked. 
 2 d . 1 y Herbs. 
 
 Water plants, submerged or floating. r AMILY. 
 
 Fronds leaf-like, sub-globular, obovate, or lanceolate. 
 Monfficious. 
 
 Stamens 1 or 2, with or without filaments. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1- to 7-seeded 94. Duckweed. 
 
 Leaves in whorls ; 6 to 12 entire, or 3 to 5 pectinate. 
 Hermaphrodite or Monoecious. 
 Stamens 1 or 8. Styles 1 or 4. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded ; or separating into 
 
 4 1-seeded nuts 30. Mare's-tail. 
 
 Leaves in whorls 2- or 3-forked. 
 Monoecious. 
 
 Stamens 12 to 20, sessile. Style 1. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 73. HoiTlWOrt. 
 
 Leaves opposite (not in whorls) entire. 
 Monoecious. 
 
 Stamen 1. Styles 2. 
 
 Fruit separating into 4 1-seeded nuts .. .. 74. Water Star- 
 Leaves none. WOrt. 
 Stem succulent, jointed. 
 Hermaphrodite. 
 
 Stamens 1 or 2. Styles 2. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 65. GoOSefoot. 
 
 Leaves stipulate. 
 
 Stipules sheathing the stem. 
 Hermaphrodite. 
 
 Stamens 5 to 8. Styles 2 or 3. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, usually triangular .. 66. Dock. 
 Stipules adnate to the petiole (attached by one edge 
 
 to leaf-stalk), and more or less toothed. 
 Male, female, or hermaphrodite. 
 
 Stamens 1 to 4, or 20 to 30. Style 1 ; stigma 
 capitate or tufted. 
 
 Fruit containing 1 to 5 nuts 26. Rose. 
 
 Stipules free (edges not attached to leaf-stalk), entire. 
 Male, female, or hermaphrodite. 
 
 Stamens 4. Stigma tufted, sessile or on a style. 
 Perianth 2- or 4-lobed. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded ... 75. Nettle. 
 
 Hermaphrodite. 
 
 Stamens 5. Styles, or sessile stigmas 2 or 3. 
 Perianth 5-lobed. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 33. Paronychia. 
 
 Dioecious. 
 
 Stamens 5. Styles 2. 
 
 Male : Perianth 5-lobed. Female : Catkins. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 76. Hop. 
 
 (Continued.) D 2
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 OR 
 
 
 
 
 A'tam. 
 
 
 
 Mam. 
 
 93. A RACEME.. 
 
 72. EUPHORBIACE^.. 
 
 64. AMARANTH ACE/t. 
 
 65. CHENOPODIACE^L. 
 
 31. CUCURBITACEAL. 
 
 81. DlOSCOREACE/e. 
 
 I-' 
 
 many 
 
 63. PUVNTAGINACE*.. 
 
 14. CARYOPHYLLACE^EL 
 
 61. PRIMULACE^:. 
 
 65. CHENOPODIACE>C. 
 
 27 LYTHRACEAI. 
 
 80. TRILLIACE/.. 
 
 or 3 jo 
 
 1. RANUNCULACE/t. 
 
 F.A.MESStR.DtLT 
 
 : 
 or 
 rx 
 
 70.ARISTOLOCHIACE/E 
 
 29. ONAGRACE/L. 
 
 69. SANTA LA CE*.. 
 
 37 UMBELLIFER/t. 
 
 36. SAXIFRAGACE/E.. 
 
 33. PARONYCHIACEAV
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 33 
 
 Div. V. 
 
 Flowers with corolla-like or calyx-like perianth, 
 
 or naked. 
 2ndi y Herbs (continued). 
 
 Flowers male or female. (See No. 75.) 
 
 Flowers in a spathe. Spadix with male fl. above female. 
 Stamen 1, anther sessile. Stigma sessile. 
 
 Berry 2- to 4-seeded 
 
 Perianth 3-lobed ; or a perianth-like involucre, cup- 
 shaped, 4- or 5-lobed. 
 Stamens 7 to 36. Styles 2 or 3. 
 
 Capsule 2- or 3-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 
 Perianth 3-lobed. 
 
 Stamens 3. Styles 3. 
 
 Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded \. 
 
 Perianth 5-lobed in male, 2-lobed in female flowers. 
 Stamens 5. Styles 2. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 
 
 Perianth 5-lobed. 
 
 Stamens 5, sinuous, in 3 bundles. Style 3-fid, 
 stigmas 2-lobed. 
 
 Berry 3- to 6-seeded 
 
 Perianth 6-lobed. 
 
 Stamens 6. Styles or stigmas 3, reflexed. 
 
 Berry imperfectly 3-celled, cells 2-seeded .. .. 
 Ovary superior. 
 Stamens 4. 
 
 Perianth 4-lobed, scarious. Style 1. 
 
 Capsule 1- to 4-celled, cells 1-seeded ; or 2-celled, 
 
 cells 4- to 8-seeded 
 
 Stamens 4 or 10. 
 
 Perianth 4- or 5-lobed. Styles 3 or 4. 
 
 Capsule 1-celled, many- (or few-) seeded 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Perianth bell-shaped 5-lobed. Style 1. 
 
 Capsule 1-celled, about 10-seeded 
 
 Perianth 5-lobed. Styles 2 or 3. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, dry or fleshy .. .. 
 Stamens 6. 
 
 Perianth with 6 broad and 6 narrow lobes. Style short. 
 
 Capsule 2-celled, cells many-seeded 
 
 Stamens 8. 
 
 Perianth 8-lobed, 4 narrower than the others. Styles 4. 
 
 Berry 4-celled, cells 6- to 8-seeded 
 
 Stamens many. 
 
 Fruits many 1-seeded, or 3 to 10 many-seeded 
 Ovary inferior. 
 
 Style 1 ; stigma radiate. 
 Stamens 6 or 12. 
 
 Capsule 6-celled, cells many-seeded 
 
 Style 1. 
 Stamens 4. 
 
 Capsule 4-celled, cells many-seeded 
 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded 
 
 Styles 2. 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Fruit 2-celled, cells 1-seeded 
 
 Stamens 8. 
 
 Cap. 1-celled, many-seeded ; placentas 2, parietal 
 
 Stain. 10 perfect, or 5 with anthers and 5 without. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-sceded 
 
 FAMILY. 
 93. Arum. 
 
 72. Spurge. 
 
 64. Amaranth. 
 
 65. Goosefoot. 
 
 31. Gourd. 
 81. Yam. 
 
 63. Plantain. 
 14. Pink. 
 
 61. Primrose. 
 65. Goosefoot. 
 
 27. Loosestrife. 
 
 80. Herb-Paris. 
 1. Buttercup. 
 
 70. Birthwort. 
 
 29. Willow-herb. 
 69. Sandalwood. 
 
 37. Umbellate. 
 36. Saxifrage. 
 33. Paronychia.
 
 34 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 on 
 
 CLASS II. ENDOGEN/L 
 
 \/ OR 
 
 80.TRILLIACE/5.. 
 
 81. DlOSCOREACE*! 
 
 f'f. 
 
 93. ARACE^L. 
 
 OF? 
 
 9-ZO 
 
 or] 
 
 n 
 
 6 \or 
 
 (See #196) 
 
 82.HYDROCHAR1DACE^ 
 
 83. ORCHIDACE/E. 
 
 84-. IRIDACE^L. 
 
 SS.AMARYLLlDACDt 
 
 3-6 many 
 
 dir/T se. 
 
 ,' 87ASPARAGACE^.. 
 
 88. LlLIACE/t. 
 
 89. 
 
 f.A.MESSER.DELT
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 35 
 
 CLASS II. ENDOGENS. . 
 
 DIY. VI. { 
 
 Leaves net-veined. Flowers with corolla- like 
 or calyx-like perianth, or naked. 
 
 Leaves 4 in a whorl, ovate. 
 Flowers solitary. Stamens 8. 
 
 Berry 4-celled, cells several-seeded 
 
 Leaves alternate, cordate, plant twining. 
 
 Flowers in a raceme. Dioecious. Stamens 6. 
 
 Berry imperfectly 3-celled, cells 2-seeded 
 Leaves radical, sagittate. 
 
 Flowers in a spathe. Spadix with male fl. above female. 
 Berry 1 -celled, 2- to 4-seeded 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 80. Herb-Paris. 
 
 81. Yam. 
 93. Arum. 
 
 Leaves parallel- veined. Flowers with calyx 
 and corolla, or corolla-like perianth. 
 
 Fruit inferior. 
 
 Flowers with calyx and corolla, polypetalous. 
 Dioecious. Stamens 9 to 20. 
 
 Water plants 
 
 Flowers with corolla-like perianth, irregular. 
 Stamens 1 or 2, on the style. 
 
 Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded; placentas 3, pa- 
 rietal 
 
 Flowers with corolla-like perianth, regular. 
 Stamens 3, anthers facing outwards. 
 
 Capsule 3-celled, cells many-seeded 
 
 Stamens 6, anthers facing inwards. 
 
 Capsule 3-celled, cells many-seeded 
 
 Fruit superior. 
 
 Flowers with calyx and corolla, polypetalous. 
 Hermaphrodite : Stamens 6 or 9. Monoecious : 
 
 Stamens 20 to 30. 
 
 Ovaries 3 to 6, 1- or 2-seeded ; or many 1-seeded 
 Flowers with corolla-like perianth. (See No. 86.) 
 Stamens 6. Style 1 ; stigmas 1 or 3. (See Order 89, 
 
 Genus 1.) 
 Rhizome creeping. 
 
 Berry with 1 or 2 1-seeded cells, or 3 2-seeded 
 
 cells 
 
 Bulbous (or rarely root of fleshy fibres). 
 
 Capsule 3-celled, cells many-seeded .. 
 Stamens 6. Styles 3, very long or short. 
 
 Capsule 3-celled, separating into 3 many-seeded 
 carpels 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 82. Frog-bit. 
 
 83. Orchis. 
 
 84. Iris. 
 
 85. Daffodil. 
 
 86. Water-Plan- 
 tain. 
 
 87. Asparagus. 
 
 88. Lily. 
 
 89. Meadow-saf- 
 fron.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 OR 
 
 jlr* 
 
 90JUNCACE/t. 
 
 93.ARACE/t. 
 
 86.ALISMACE^.. 
 
 'orO 
 
 91. 
 
 95. POTAMOGETONACEflL 
 
 i 
 
 92. TYPHACE/. 
 
 Prth. 0. 
 
 96.NAIADACE/E.. 
 
 94.LEMNACE/t. 
 
 IDw.ffi 
 
 L. 
 
 97 CYPERACE^.. 
 
 V 
 
 r.A.MCSStR.DttT 
 
 98. GRAMINE^L.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 37 
 
 DIY. VIII. { 
 
 Leaves parallel-veined. Flowers with 
 calyx-like perianth, or naked. 
 
 Perianth 6-lobed. 
 
 Stamens 6 or 3. Hermaphrodite. 
 Style 1 ; stigmas 3. 
 
 Capsule 3- or 1-celled, many- or 3-seeded. 
 
 Flowers in panicles, heads, or umbels .. 
 Stamens 6. Hermaphrodite. 
 Style ; stigma sessile. 
 
 Berry 3-celled, cells many-seeded. 
 
 Flowers in a dense spike, spathe long 
 Style ; stigmas 3 or 6, sessile. 
 
 Cap. separating into 3 or 6 1- or 2-seeded carpels. 
 
 Flowers in spikes or racemes 
 
 Perianth 4-lobed, or none. 
 Stamens 4. Moncecious. 
 
 Style short ; stigmas 2, long. 
 
 Capsule 2-lobed, 2-celled, cells 1-seeded. 
 
 Flowers in heads 
 
 Stamens 4 sessile, or 2 with filaments ; hermaphrodite. 
 
 Stamen 1 ; monoecious. 
 Style ; stigmas sessile. 
 
 Fruit 4 drupes or 4 nuts, each 1-seeded. 
 Flowers in spikes, clusters, or axillary 
 Perianth 3-lobed, or none. 
 
 Stamens 3, on one filament, or separate. Monoecious. 
 Style simple. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 Flowers in spikes or globular heads 
 Perianth none. 
 
 Stamen 1, with or without a filament. Moncecious 
 
 or dioecious. 
 
 Style 1 , stigmas 2 or 3 (rarely 4). 
 Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 Flowers on a leaf-like peduncle, enclosed in a 
 
 leaf-like sheath ; or axillary 
 
 Stamens 2 or 1, with or without filaments. Moncecious. 
 Style simple. 
 
 Fruit 1-celled. 1- to 6-seeded. 
 
 Floating or submerged plants, with leaf-like 
 fronds . 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 90. Rush. 
 
 93. Arum. 
 
 86. Water-Plan- 
 tain. 
 
 91. Pipewort. 
 
 95. Pondweed. 
 
 92. Bulrush. 
 
 96. Naiad. 
 
 94. Duckweed. 
 
 Div. IX. { 
 
 Leaves parallel-veined. Flowers in 
 imbricated bracts. 
 
 Each flower in the axil of 1 bract. 
 
 Stamens 3 ; anthers erect, entire at the apex. FAMILY. 
 
 Style 1 ; stigmas 2 or 3. Embryo within the albumen. 
 Stem solid, triangular, or round. Sheath of leaf 
 
 entire 97. Sedge. 
 
 Each flower enclosed in 2 bracts. 
 
 Stamens 3, rarely 2 ; anthers versatile, notched at 
 
 both ends. 
 Styles 2, feathery. Embryo outside the albumen. 
 
 Stem hollow, rouii'l. knotted. Sheath of leaf split 98. GraSS.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGEIWL 
 
 AS, 
 
 LEAVES NONE. STEM 
 
 OR 
 
 tSheafM 
 
 99. EQUISETACE/E.. 
 
 100. CHARACE/E.. 
 
 TO 
 
 101. LYCOPODIACE*.. 
 
 103.FILICES.
 
 by Analytical Ilhistrations. 
 
 39 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGENS. 
 
 Leaves none. Stem simple, or with 
 whorled branches. 
 
 Stem simple or branched, jointed. 
 Joints surrounded by toothed sheaths 
 
 Stem branched. Submerged aquatic plants. 
 Joints without sheaths 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 99. Horsetail. 
 
 100. Chara. 
 
 T\T-rr 
 -L'l V . 
 
 Leaves (or fronds) varying from simple 
 to 2- or 3-pinnate. 
 
 Plants aquatic, submerged, stemless, leaves subulate ; or 
 terrestrial with scale-like imbricated leaves 
 
 Plants aquatic, submerged, rootstock creeping, leaves 
 setaceous, circinate when young 
 
 Plants terrestrial, with simple or variously divided leaves 
 (fronds) circinate when young 
 
 FAMILY. 
 
 101. Club-moss. 
 
 102. Pillwort. 
 
 103. Fern.
 
 British Wild Flowers. 
 
 CLASS I. EXOGEWL. 
 
 
 Pet. rAife 
 
 1. ACTJ&I. 
 
 2. CLEM/IT/^. 
 
 pelaJ-like. 
 
 purp. 
 
 Fr 
 
 3. THAUCTFWM. 
 
 ft: many 
 
 arpurp. 
 
 green 
 
 4. A/VEMONE. 
 
 S. MYOSURUS. 
 
 Pet.\ crim. 
 
 6. ADONIS. 
 
 YclL or white 
 
 7 RANUNCULUS. 
 
 /Y. crim. 
 
 ( ) 
 
 8. PJEON//I. 
 
 sAyeU. 
 
 Pet. none 
 
 9. CAL.THA. 
 
 Fl.yett. 
 
 Pet. S^ 
 
 ft 
 
 JO. ER/W'THIS. 
 
 fr.la-more 
 
 10-Jf, 
 
 /\yttl. 
 
 //. TROLL/ us. 
 
 FLgre 
 
 en 
 
 J qree 
 
 . 3-10$ 
 
 Pet. 3-10 
 
 J2. HELLEBORUS. 
 
 fl Mae 
 
 fraif 
 
 ' 
 
 rai 
 
 I 
 
 /3. DELPH/WUM. 
 
 "<* 
 
 FC.purp. 
 
 / 
 
 J4. JQU/LEGM. 
 
 
 fS. SICON/TVM. 
 
 F A.MLSSER. DIUT
 
 by Analytical Ilhistrations. 
 CLASS I. EXOGENS. 
 
 1, BUTTERCUP FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular or irregular, polypetalous, inferior. 
 Sepals 3 to 20. Petals 5 to 30. Stamens many. Fruits 
 (achenes) many, 1-seeded ; or 1 to 20 follicles, many- 
 seeded. 
 
 Fruit a berry, many-seeded. 
 
 Sepals 4. Petals 4, small, white. Flowers in racemes 
 
 Fruits (achenes) many, 1-seeded, short. 
 Flowers with sepals only, petal-like. 
 
 Sepals 4 or 5, white. Style bearded. Stem climb- 
 ing, leaves opposite, pinnate 
 
 Sepals 4 to 5, yellow or purple. Fruit beardless . . 
 Sepals 5 to 20, white or purple. Flower stem with 
 an involucre of 3 lobed or pinnate leaves 
 
 Flowers with both sepals and petals. 
 
 Petals 5, linear, with tubular claws, yellow-green. 
 
 Stamens 5. Fruits on a long spike 
 
 Petals 5 to 8, crimson. Leaves finely divided 
 Petals 5, or 8 to 10, with a pore at the base, yellow 
 or white 
 
 Fruits (follicles) 1 or more, many-seeded, long. 
 Flowers crimson. 
 
 Sepals 5, green. Petals 5 to 10 
 
 Flowers yellow (both sepals and petals). 
 Sepals 5 (petal-like), yellow. Petals none 
 Sepals 5 to 8 (petal-like), yellow. Petals small, 
 
 linear, with a long claw 
 
 Sepals 10 to 15 (petal-like), yellow. Petals 10 to 15, 
 
 small, linear, clawed 
 
 Flowers green (both sepals and petals). 
 
 Sepals 5 (petal-like). Petals 8 to 10, tubular, 
 2-lipped, clawed 
 
 Flowers blue (both sepals and petals). 
 
 Flowers irregular ; upper sepal with a spur. Fruit 
 1 follicle 
 
 Flowers purple (both sepals and petals). 
 Flowers regular ; petals 5, horn-shaped. 
 
 Fruits 5 follicles 
 
 Flowers irregular; upper sepal of a hood-form. 
 
 Fruits 3 follicles 
 
 (Bane-berry, 
 l.JHerb Christo- 
 ( pher. 
 
 2. Traveller's Joy. 
 
 3. Meadow-rue. 
 
 4. Anemone. 
 
 5. Mouse tail. 
 6.Pheasant's-eye. 
 
 7 /Buttercup, 
 \Crowfoot. 
 
 8. Pseony. 
 
 9. Marsh Marigold. 
 
 10. Winter Aconite. 
 
 11. Globe-flower. 
 
 10 /Hellebore, 
 ^\Bear's-foot. 
 
 13. Larkspur. 
 
 14. Columbine. 
 
 , K /Monk's-hood, 
 10 '\Wolfsbane.
 
 British Wild Floivers 
 
 2. BERBERIDACEAl. 
 
 WKOT! 
 
 'Red 
 
 1. BERBERIS. 
 
 2. EPJMED/UM. 
 
 <rv~l/o -*H aft y 
 3. NYMPH/EACE/t XJT^ V^?'!?^ 
 
 4/J Green outside 
 
 \ 1 naity, trhile . 
 
 J. NYMPH SEA. 
 
 sA YeClow 
 
 \ I many, yellow. 
 
 2. NUPHAR, 
 
 4. PAPAVERACE/e. 
 
 RedorTrltih 
 
 Yeltor 
 
 1. Pfl PAVER. 
 
 2. MECONOPSIS. 
 
 3. ROEMERfA. 
 
 Yettorr 
 
 4-. CHELIDOMIUM. 
 
 C jYelLorred 
 
 S. GLAUCfUM. 
 
 ^yO , ^ Stamens x 
 
 5. FUMARIACE/t. ^^ V Y^-/ 
 
 Corolla 
 
 ?s 
 
 PI. purftle 
 
 
 
 1. FUMARI/1. 
 
 Ft. trhite oryelloir 
 
 I 
 
 2. Cot?ro/iL/<s.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 43 
 
 1 Corolla regular, polypetaloua, inferior. Sepals 6 or 4. 
 2 Petals 6 or 4. Stamens 6 or 4, opposite the petals ; 
 anthers opening by valves attached to top. Fruit a 
 2- or 3-seed berry or pod. Shrubs or herbs. 
 
 Shrubs, with 3-forked spines and ovate leaves. 
 Stamens 6. Fruit a 2- or 3-seeded berry, red .. .. 
 Herbs, with compound leaves, leaflets ovate-cordate. 
 Stamens 4. Fruit a many-seeded capsule 
 
 1. Barberry. 
 2. Barren-wort. 
 
 1 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 4 or 5. 
 3 Petals many, passing into stamens. Stamens many. 
 Berry many-celled, many-seeded. Leaves floating, 
 falsely peltate. 
 
 Sepals 4 green outside. Petals many, white 
 Sepals 5 yellow. Petals many, yellow 
 
 , /White Water- 
 M lily. 
 (Yellow Water- 
 2. lily, 
 (Brandy-bottle. 
 
 
 . _ r ( Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 2. Petals 4. 
 
 4- rOPPY rAMII Y \ Stamens many. Capsule 1- or 2-celled ; placentas 2 to 20, 
 T. I urn IrtlVIILI. ^ many-seeded. 
 
 Capsule 1-celled ; placentas 4 to 20 (forming imperfect 
 
 cells). 
 Capsule globular or oblong. Petals red or white .. 
 
 Capsule obovate. Petals yellow 
 
 Capsule 1-celled ; placentas 2. 
 
 Capsule linear, bristle-pointed. Petals violet .. 
 
 Capsule linear, smooth-pointed. Petals yellow 
 
 Capsule 2-celled ; placentas 2. 
 
 Capsule very long, curved. Petals yellow or red . . 
 
 1. Poppy. 
 
 2. Welsh Poppy. 
 
 3. Boemeria. 
 
 4. Celandine. 
 
 5. Horned Poppy, 
 
 5. FUMITORY FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 2. Petals 4. 
 Stamens 6, diadelphous; anthers, four 1-celled and 
 two 2-celled. Fruit a 1-seeded nut or a several- 
 seeded pod. 
 
 Corolla ringent, gibbous or spurred. 
 Flowers purple. 
 
 
 
 
 Flowers white or yellow. 
 Fruit a pod, 2-valved, many-seeded 
 
 2. Corydal.
 
 44 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 6. CRUCIFERfc. 
 
 P 
 
 iU 
 
 OH 
 
 
 
 /. CRAMBE 
 
 2. /SATIS. 
 
 Twjtle 
 
 3. CAKI'LE. 
 
 A 
 
 (\\Mb 
 
 reins O= 
 
 4-. ARMORA'CIA. 
 
 Mute 
 
 O= 
 
 5. COCHLEARJA. 
 
 9 
 
 YeUoir 
 
 Oil 
 
 6. CAMELI'NA. 
 
 o= 
 
 Z4. NASTURTIUM. 
 
 
 o= 
 
 7. ALY^SUM. 
 
 F. A. MCWEft. DttT 
 
 4 
 
 o= 
 
 3. DRA'BA. 
 
 o= 
 
 9. 
 
 OH 
 
 JO. SENEBIERA. 
 
 Oil 
 
 // LEPIDIUM. 
 
 O= 
 
 12. TEESDALIA. 
 
 0= 
 
 f3. HUTCH/NSIA. 
 
 L. Jail red 
 
 on 
 
 74. SUBULAR/A. 
 
 on 
 
 0= 
 
 15. CAPS ELL A. 
 
 16. THLASPf. 
 
 (Continued.}
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 45 
 
 6, CRUCIFER FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 4. Petals 4. 
 Stamens 6, tetradynamous (4 longer than the 2 others). 
 Fruit 2- (rarely 1-) celled ; placentas parietal. Pod 
 short or long. 
 
 Pod short, length from 1 to 3 breadths. 
 
 Pod without vertical division, fertile cells 1-seeded. 
 Pod globose, with 1 fertile and 1 barren cell, 
 
 2-jointed. Petals white 
 
 Pod compressed, pendulous, with fertile cell only. 
 
 Petals yellow .. .. ,. .. 
 
 Pod angular, with one or both cells fertile. Petals 
 
 purple 
 
 Pod 2-celled, globose (with vertical division) ; cells 
 
 many-seeded. 
 Petals white. 
 
 Valves (of the pod) without veins 
 
 Valves with 1 vein 
 
 Petals yellow. 
 
 Leaves mostly lanceolate-sagittate 
 
 Leaves mostly lyrate or pinnatifid, toothed .. 
 Pod 2-celled, dorsally compressed (viz. division in its 
 
 broadest diameter) ; cells 1- or 2-seeded. 
 Stem leafy (leaves ovate-lanceolate). 
 
 Pods orbicular .. . . 
 
 Pod 2-celled, dorsally compressed ; cells many-seeded. 
 Stem naked, leaves radical tufted. 
 
 Pod oblong or ovate 
 
 Pod 2-celled, laterally compressed (viz. division in its 
 
 narrowest diameter) ; cells 1-seeded. 
 Petals 4, 2 larger than the 2 others. 
 
 Pod ovate or orbicular, notched and winged 
 Petals 4, all equal. 
 
 Pod broader than long, wrinkled 
 
 Pod orbicular or oblong, notched or entire, keeled 
 
 or winged 
 
 Pod 2-celled, laterally compressed ; cells 2-seeded. 
 Petals 4, 2 larger than the 2 others. 
 
 Stamens with a scale at the base of each. Pod 
 
 orbicular notched 
 
 Petals 4, all equal. 
 
 Stamens without scales. 
 
 Pod oval 
 
 Pod 2-celled, laterally compressed ; cells many-seeded. 
 Leaves awl-shaped, all radical. 
 
 Pod oval-oblong 
 
 Root leaves mostly pinnatifid. 
 
 Pod triangular-cordate 
 
 Root leaves obovate or oval. 
 
 Pod orbicular, notched, and winged 
 
 N.B. Tne position of radicle with respect to cotyledons is 
 symbolized as follows : Incumbent OH. Accumbent, O= . Con- 
 duplicate, O . 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 1. Sea-kale. 
 
 2. Woad. 
 
 3. Sea Rocket. 
 
 4. Horse-radish. 
 
 5. Scurvy -grass. 
 
 [sure 
 
 6. Gold of Plea- 
 24. Watercress. 
 
 7. Alyssum. 
 
 8. Whitlow- 
 
 grass. 
 
 9. Candy- tuft. 
 
 10. Wart-cress. 
 
 11. Pepperwort, 
 
 Cress. 
 
 12. Teesdalia. 
 
 13. Hutchinsia. 
 
 14. Awl-wort. 
 
 15. Shepherd's 
 
 Purse. 
 
 16. Penny Cress.
 
 46 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 Lilac 
 
 or 
 purp. 
 
 RoolL. 
 
 Sliyma 
 
 
 1 
 
 M reins 
 
 (D 
 
 (DO 
 
 SfautlYeins 
 
 O= 
 
 Oil 
 
 17. DENTARW. 
 
 18. MATTHI'OLA. 
 
 19. HESPER/S. 
 
 See, 
 
 JVb Vtins 
 
 (P 
 
 O= 
 
 20. CARDAMI'NE. 
 
 <D 
 
 Oil 
 
 21 ALLIARIA 
 
 1R& Jbotlfens 
 
 0= 
 
 2Z. ARAB/S. 
 
 YeOtm- 
 
 Calyx 
 
 R<n>t_L. 
 
 IRib 
 
 <D 
 
 0= 
 
 22. Do. 
 
 tRib 
 
 (D 
 
 
 
 23. DlPLOTAXIS. 
 
 JVo reins 
 
 o 
 
 o= 
 
 24. NASTURTIUM. 
 
 o= 
 
 25. CHCIRANTHUS. 
 
 JJtib 
 
 <D 
 
 on 
 
 26. ERY&MUM . 
 
 n, white 
 yett.or lilac 
 
 o 
 
 27. RAPHANUS. 
 
 Calyx. J-SKou 
 
 o 
 
 28. SIN APIS. 
 
 lYein 
 
 o 
 
 29. BRASS/CA. 
 
 IRib 
 
 (D 
 
 o= 
 
 30. BARBAREA. 
 
 & reins 
 
 d> 
 
 on 
 
 31. SISYMBRIUM.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 47 
 
 Pod long, from 4 to many times its breadth. 
 Petals lilac or purple. (See Nos. 20 and 22.) 
 Seeds in a single row. 
 
 Root leaves pinnate ; leaflets few ; bulbs in axils. 
 Stigma a disk. Pod compressed ; valves veinless. 
 Root leaves lanceolate entire, or oblong sinuate. 
 Stigma with 2 gibbous lobes. Pod orbicular 
 
 or compressed 
 
 Root leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed. 
 
 Stigma with 2 ovate lobes. Pod terete ; valves 
 
 with 3 faint veins 
 
 Petals white. (See Nos. 24 and 27.) 
 Seeds in a single row. 
 
 Root leaves pinnate (leaflets various). 
 
 Pod compressed ; valves flat veinless 
 Root leaves reniform or cordate, crenate. 
 
 Pod terete ; valves with 1 rib and 2 veins 
 Root leaves obovate, elliptic, or pinnatifid. 
 
 Pod compressed ; valves with 1 rib or many 
 veins. (In A. Thaliana the cotyledons are 
 
 incumbent.) .. .. 
 
 Petals yellow. 
 
 Seeds in a double row. 
 
 Stem leaves oblong, arrow-shaped, entire. 
 
 Calyx erect. Pod compressed ; valves with 1 rib 
 Root leaves lobed, pinnatifid, lyrate, or pinnate. 
 Calyx spreading. 
 
 Pod compressed ; valves with 1 vein 
 Pod terete; valves veinless .. .. 
 
 Seeds in a single row. 
 Root leaves lanceolate, acute, entire. 
 Lobes of stigma spreading. 
 
 Pod compressed or 2-edged ; valves with 1 rib 
 Root leaves lanceolate, slightly toothed ; or obo- 
 vate, entire. 
 
 Stigma simple. Pod 4-edged ; valves with 1 rib 
 Root leaves lobed, pinnatifid, lyrate, or pinnate. 
 Pod moniliform, divided into 1-seeded cells. 
 Petals yellow, white, or lilac . . .. .. 
 
 Pod with a short or long conical beak. 
 
 Calyx spreading. Valves with 3 to 5 veins 
 Calyx erect. Valves with 1 vein .. .. 
 
 Pod with a simple pointed or capitate style. 
 
 Pod terete ; valves with 1 rib 
 
 Pod terete; valves with 3 veins .. .. 
 
 17. Coralwort. 
 
 18. Stock. 
 
 19. Dame's Violet 
 
 20. Bitter-cress. 
 
 o-i (Sauce-alone, 
 '(Hedge-garlic. 
 
 22. Bock-cress. 
 
 22. Tower-mus- 
 tard. 
 
 23. Rocket. 
 
 24. Watercress. 
 
 25. Wallflower. 
 
 26. 
 
 Worm-seed, 
 Treacle-mus- 
 tard. 
 
 27. Radish. 
 
 28. Mustard. 
 
 29. Cabbage. 
 
 3p. Wintercress. 
 
 31. Hedge-mus- 
 tard.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 7 RESEDACE/E. 
 
 '.10-tO 
 
 FL. \\or\ 
 
 if 
 
 (~) Greenish , $ 
 \J yM.arrAM */ 
 
 -L ' ' 
 
 1. RESEDA. 
 
 8. ClSTACE/t. 
 
 V/ 
 
 ortrhite 
 
 ^r 
 
 I. HEL/ANTHEMUM. 
 
 9. VlOLACE^L. 
 
 
 / I/SOLA. 
 
 10. DROSERACE/e.W^ 
 
 / DRO'SER/I. 
 
 11. FRANKENIACE/t 
 
 / FRANKE'N/A. 
 
 12. POLYGALACE/L. 
 
 x x ^^- rf 
 
 V V A 
 
 1. POLY&ALA . 
 
 13. ELATINACE*. 
 
 ^Z.>9 TIME .
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 49 
 
 7, MIGNONETTE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla Irregular, polypetalous, Inferior. Sepals 4 
 to 6. Petals 4 to 6. Stamens 10 to 20, on a one- 
 sided disk. Capsule 1 -celled, with 3 (rarely 4 
 to 6) parietal placentas, many-seeded, open at 
 the top. 
 
 Flowers in spikes or racemes. 
 Petals greenish-yellow or white. Leaves entire, pin- 
 natifid, or pinnate . . . . . . 
 
 1. Mignonette. 
 
 8. ROCK-ROSE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 3 large, 
 and 2 or small. Petals 5. Stamens many. Style 
 simple. Capsule imperfectly 3-celled, seeds several 
 Herbs or shrubs. 
 
 Flowers in racemes. Petals yellow 
 Leaves opposite, linear-oblong or 
 
 r or white. 
 
 1. Rock-rose. 
 
 
 
 9. VIOLET FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla irregular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 5, saccate 
 at the base. Petals 5. Stamens 5, cohering, 2 spurred. 
 Style with a hooded stigma. Capsule 1-celled, with 3 
 parietal placentas, seeds many. Leaves with stipules. 
 
 Flowers spurred (solitary). Petals blue, piuk, yellow, 
 or white. 
 Leaves cordate or ovate with pinnatifid stipules .. 
 
 * (Violet, Pansy, 
 \Heartsease. 
 
 10, SUNDEW FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetulous, inferior. Sepals 5. Petals 5. 
 Stamens 5. Styles 3, deeply bifid. Capsule 1-celled, 
 with 3 parietal placentas in the middle of valves; 
 seeds many. Leaves circinate in bud. 
 
 Flowers in racemes. Petals white. 
 Leaves all radical, orbicular or obovate-lanceolate, 
 
 1. Sundew. 
 
 11. SEA-HEATH FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Calyx tubu- 
 lar, with 5 teeth. Petals 5. Stamens 6. Style 
 3-fid. Capsule 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas, 
 seeds many. 
 
 Flowers terminal, or from the forks of the stem, sessile. 
 Petals pink. 
 Leaves oblong (with reflexed edges), clustered .. .. 
 
 1. Sea-heath. 
 
 12. MILKWORT FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla irregular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 2 large 
 (coloured) and 3 small. Petals 3. Stamens 8, in 
 two clusters. Style 1, curved. Capsule 2-celled 
 (compressed), cells 1-geeded. 
 
 Flowers with the 2 inner sepals large and petal-like ; 
 in racemes. Petals blue, pink, or white. 
 Leaves obovate or oblong-lanceolate 
 
 1. Milkwort. 
 
 13, WATERWORT FAMILY, { 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetaloos, inferior. Sepals 3 
 or 4. Petals 3 or 4. Stamens 6 or 8. Styles 
 3 or 4. Capsule 3- or 4-celled, cells many-seeded. 
 
 Flowers solitary, stalked, or sessile. Petals red. 
 
 Leaves opposite, obovate. Stem rooting, water plants. 
 
 1. Waterwort.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 14. CARYOPHYLLACE/L. 
 
 X 
 
 
 r 
 
 f-W 
 
 /. DlANTHUS. 
 
 2. SAPONARIA. 
 
 3. S/LENE. 
 
 4. LYCHNIS. 
 
 X 
 
 or 
 
 1 
 
 Petals 
 none 
 
 T A MESStR.Oll-T 
 
 (J 
 
 5. CHERLZRIA 
 
 6. STELLA'RIA. 
 
 7. HOLOSTEUM. 
 
 8. POLYCAR'PON. 
 
 9. SPERGULARIA. 
 
 Cap. 
 
 JO. HONKENEYA. 
 
 m- 
 
 TL 
 
 11. ALSI'NE. 
 
 J2. ARENARIA. 
 
 13. 
 
 14. SAGI'N/I. 
 
 14. Do. 
 
 L. sli 
 
 fS. 
 
 16. CERA^T/UM.
 
 by A nalytical Illustrations. 
 
 14, PINK FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, Inferior. Sepals 4 or 5, distinct, 
 or united into a tubular calyx. Petals 4, 5, or 0. Stamens 
 4, 5, or 10. Styles 2 to 5. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded ; 
 placenta central. Leaves opposite, entire, varying from 
 linear to ovate. 
 
 Sepals united, forming a tubular calyx. 
 Styles 2. 
 
 Calyx with 2 or more scales at the base. 
 
 Capsule with 4 valves , 
 
 Calyx without scales at the base. 
 
 Capsule with 4 valves 
 
 Styles 3. 
 
 Capsule more or less 3-celled, with 6 valves 
 Styles 5. 
 
 Capsule 1- or partly 5-celled, with 5 or 10 valves 
 Sepals* 4 or 5, distinct. 
 Styles 3. 
 Petals none. 
 
 Capsule with 3 valves 
 
 Petals 5, bifid. 
 
 Capsule with 6 valves 
 
 Petals 5, jagged or toothed. 
 
 Flowers 3 to 8, umbellate 
 
 Petals 5, emarginate. 
 
 Leaves obovate, upper ones 4 in a whorl, stipu- 
 late 
 
 Petals 5, entire. 
 
 Leaves linear, stipulate. Petals purple ., .. 
 
 Capsule 3- to 5-seeded, valves 3 
 
 Capsule many-seeded, valves 3 
 
 Capsule many-seeded, valves 6 
 
 Styles 4. 
 
 Petals 4, entire. Capsule with 8 valves .. .. 
 Petals 4, entire, or none. Capsule with 4 valves 
 Styles 5. 
 Petals 5, entire. 
 
 Leaves opposite, without stipules 
 
 Leaves whorled, with stipules 
 Petals 5, bifid. 
 
 Capsule with 10 valves .. .. 
 
 . (Pink and Car- 
 \ nation. 
 
 2. Soapwort. 
 
 3. Catchfly. 
 
 4. Campion. 
 
 5. Cyphel. 
 
 6. Stitchwort. 
 
 7. Holosteum. 
 
 8. Polycarp. 
 
 9. Sand Spurry. 
 
 10. Sea Purslane. 
 
 11. Sandwort. 
 
 12. Do. 
 
 13. Mcenchia. 
 
 14. Pearl-wort. 
 
 14. Do. 
 
 15. Spurry. 
 
 16. Mouse-ear.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 15. 
 
 Outer 
 
 Outer calyx 
 
 /. LAISATE'RA. 
 
 16. TiLIACEt. 
 
 
 Fn 
 
 &J) 
 
 n. 
 
 colour 
 
 17 HYPERICACE/t?^^ 
 ^ " 
 
 Ye How- 
 
 /. HYPER/CUM. 
 
 18. ACERACDL.W^ W T' 
 
 ^titL> \J 
 
 9 
 
 Greenish 
 
 19. GERANlACE/t 
 
 Slam, 
 
 or 
 JO 
 
 L.opp 
 slip. 
 
 T-^ 
 
 /. GERANIUM. 
 
 / ERO'DIUM. 
 
 r.A.MtSSER.DELT
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 53 
 
 1 Corolla regular, polypetalous, Inferior. Inner sepals 5, 
 valvate in the bud. Outer sepals 3 or 6. Petals 5. 
 Stamens many, united at the base. Styles many, united 
 at the base. Fruit 8- to 20-celled, cells 1 -seeded. 
 
 Leaves alternate, stipulate, lower variously lobed. Inner 
 calyx of 5 sepals. 
 Shrubs. 
 
 1. Tree Mallow. 
 
 2. Mallow. 
 3. Marsh-mallow. 
 
 Herbs. 
 
 Outer calyx of 6 lanceolate sepals . . . . . . . . 
 
 
 A r\ \ r ( CoroU* regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 5, valvate in the 
 LIMF rAMIIY \ bnd - Petals 5. Stamens many. Style simple. Ovary 5- 
 " ' "- ' V celled, cells 2-seeded. Fruit 1-celled, 1- or 2-seeded. Trees. 
 
 Flowers on a bract. Petals straw colour. 
 Leaves alternate, obliquely cordate, stipulate 
 
 1. Lime or Linden. 
 
 17, ST. JOHN'S WORT FAMILY, 
 
 (Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. 
 Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens in 3 
 (rarely 5) bundles. Styles 3 or 5. 
 Capsule with 3- or 5-cells, cells many- 
 seeded. (Herbs or shrubs.) 
 
 Sepals mostly with glandular dots. 
 Petals yellow. Leaves opposite, entire, linear to ovate 1. St. John's Wort. 
 
 1 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 5. 
 Petals 5. Stamens usually 8 (on an hypogynous disk). 
 Styles 2. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1- or 2-seeded. Fruit 
 winged. Trees. 
 
 Flowers in pendulous racemes, or erect corymbs. 
 Petals greenish. Leaves opposite, lobed 
 
 1. Maple. 
 
 (Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 6. 
 Petals 5. Stamens 5 or 10, united at the base. 
 Fruit 5-ceUed, cells 1-seeded. Fruit with a long 
 beak. Leaves opposite, stipulate. (Stem swollen 
 at the nodes.) 
 
 Stamens 10. 
 Awns of carpels not bearded internally ; ultimately re- 
 curved. 
 Leaves divided palmately, or into 3 pinnate segments 
 Stamens, 5 fertile with scales at the base, and 5 sterile. 
 Awns of carpels bearded; ultimately spirally twisted. _ 
 Leaves pinnate ; or ovate, lobed 
 
 1. Crane's-bill. 
 2. Stork's-bill.
 
 54 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 r^c A f N 
 20. BALSAMINACE/E. W 27: W 
 
 - J&Ziw V 
 
 Succut 
 plants 
 
 Lvrer 
 
 Ft. uettmr or 
 ortoyt jpotttd, 
 
 21. OXALIDACE/E. 
 
 V"-^ 
 
 JTkileor 
 yellow 
 
 22. LlNACE/E. 
 
 T 
 
 /. RADI'OLA 
 
 fT) 
 
 \y 
 
 Blator 
 
 2. LI'NUM . 
 
 23. CELASTRACEK: 
 
 T* i 
 
 YeUorish 
 irkiU 
 
 / EUONYMUS. 
 
 X 
 
 Greenish 
 
 . STAPHYLEA. 
 
 -s-r 
 
 24. RHAMNACE/t. 
 
 vrpurp. 
 
 Greenish, 
 or white 
 
 or 
 
 /. RHAMNUS. 
 
 f.A.MESSCR. atLT
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 55 
 
 OH n.. . T.. , ( Corolla "regular, polypetalous, Inferior. Sepals 3, yellow. 
 /ll nA RAM rAM Y \ Petals 3. Stamens 5, anthers cohering. Ovary 5-celled. 
 t-\J. UHLOrtl IrtlVIILI, [ cells many-seeded. Succulent plants. 
 
 Lower sepals spurred, horn-shaped. 
 Flower yellow or orange, spotted. 
 
 
 
 
 rn in i- f Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 5. 
 L\ WOOD-SORREL FAMILY \ Petals B. Stamens 5 long and 5 short. StylesS. 
 tli MUUU OUnnCL 1 HIYNLI, [ Ovary 5-ceUed, cells few-seeded. 
 
 Flowers solitary or in scant umbels. 
 Petals white or yellow. 
 Leaves ternate, stipulate . . . . . . . 
 
 1. Wood-sorrel. 
 
 
 {Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 4 or 5. Petals 4 
 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5. Styles 4 or 5. Capsule with 4 complete 
 and 4 incomplete, or with 5 complete and 5 incomplete disse- 
 piments. 
 
 Stamens 4. Styles 4. 
 Petals 4, white. Sepals 4 
 
 1. All-seed. 
 
 Stamens 5. Styles 5. 
 
 2. Flax. 
 
 
 23. SPINDLE-TREE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 4 
 or 5. Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5. Styles 
 1 or 2. Ovary 4-celled, cells 1-seeded; or 2- 
 celled, cells 2 -seeded. Shrubs or trees. 
 
 Stamens 4. Style 1. Petals 4, yellowish- white. 
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, minutely serrate .. .. ' .. 
 Stamens 5. Styles 2. Petals 5, greenish -white. 
 Leaves pinnate, leaflets 5 to 7. Stipules deciduous 
 
 1. Spindle-tree. 
 2. Bladder-nut. 
 
 24. BUCKTHORN FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 
 4 or 5, valvate in bud. Styles 1, or 4 partly united. 
 Petals 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 6 opposite the petals. 
 Fruit a 4- or 2-celled berry, cells 1-seeded. Shrnbe 
 or trees. 
 
 Fruit a black or purple berry. 
 Petals small greenish-white. 
 Leaves obovate, entire ; or oval, serrate 
 
 1. Buckthorn.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 25. LEGUMINOS/E. 
 
 Stam.10 I 
 
 Calyx 
 
 Fl. yellow 
 
 Fl.yellt 
 
 Slip. 
 
 Hip. 
 
 db Fl.yett. 
 
 FL.roae 
 
 1. ULEX. 
 
 2. GENISTA. 
 
 3. SAROTHAMNUS. 
 
 4. ONO'NIS. 
 
 Pad 
 
 FL 
 
 6. MEDIC A GO. 
 
 Seeds 
 
 6. TRIFOLIUM. 
 
 Seeds 
 1-4 
 
 7. MELI LOTUS. 
 
 Fl. 
 
 r~r 
 
 8. 
 
 Bract Stip. 
 
 9. Ltfri/s. 
 
 10. ANTHYllLIS. 
 
 Ease 
 
 //. ONO'BRYCH/S. 
 
 Stip. Keel 
 
 o 
 
 Stip. Keel 
 
 ASTRAG'ALUS. 
 
 Fl rote 
 slreaked 
 
 14-. O/tMTfJOPVS. 
 
 Rct.O 
 
 fS. ARTHROLOBIUM. 
 
 Bct.O 
 
 f6. H/ppoc/?EP/s. 
 
 17. OR'OBUS. 
 
 18. YIC'IA. 
 
 Meat. Slir, 
 
 19. LATHYRUS. 
 
 19. Do. 
 
 F.A MESJtP. DEL"
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 57 
 
 {Corolla irregular (papilionaceous), polypetalous, in- 
 ferior. Calyx-lobes 5. Petals 6. Stamens 10, 
 all or 9 united. Style 1. Fruit a long or short 
 
 legume. 
 
 Shrubs, or under-shrubs. 
 Leaves simple, awl-shaped. 
 
 Calyx of 2 sepals, with 2 bracts. Flowers yellow 
 Leaves simple (mostly lanceolate or obovate). 
 
 Calyx with 5 teeth, the 2 upper longer than the 
 
 others. Flowers yellow 
 
 Leaves simple or ternate. (Leaves and leaflets mostly 
 
 oblong or obovate.) 
 Calyx 2-lipped, lips short. 
 
 Stipules free from leaf-stalk. Flowers yellow.. 
 Calyx 5-cleft, segments narrow. 
 
 Stipules adnate to leaf-stalk. Flowers rose 
 Herbs. 
 
 Leaves ternate. (Leaflets mostly linear, lanceolate, 
 
 obovate or obcordate.) 
 Pod variously curled, or spirally twisted. 
 
 Flowers in scant racemes or heads 
 
 Pod short, seldom longer than the calyx ; seeds 1 to 4. 
 
 Flowers in heads or umbels 
 
 Pod short, sub-globose, longer than the calyx ; seeds 
 1 to 4. 
 
 Flowers in long racemes .. .. 
 
 Pod compressed, truncate, seeds 6 to 8. 
 
 Flowers 2 or 3 together. Stipules small, not 
 
 leaf-like ' .. 
 
 Pod long. 
 
 Bracts ternate. Stipules large, leaf-like .. .. 
 
 Leaves pinnate, with 2 or more pairs of leaflets, and 
 
 an odd terminal one. (Leaflets mostly linear, 
 
 lanceolate, oblong, oval, or obovate.) (See No. 9.) 
 
 Pod enclosed in inflated calyx, 1-seeded. 
 
 Bracts leaf-like. Flower heads 2 (or 3) together 
 Pod twice as long as calyx, prickly, 1-seeded. 
 Flowers in dense racemes, rose streaked .. 
 Pod much longer than the calyx,upper suture inflexed. 
 Stipules adnate to the leaf-stalk. Keel acute . . 
 Pod much longer than the calyx, lower suture in- 
 flexed. Stipules free from leaf-stalk. Keel blunt 
 Pod many-jointed, contracted at the joints. 
 
 Bracts leaf-like. Flowers rose streaked .. 
 Pod many-jointed, not contracted at joints. 
 
 Bracts none. Flowei's 2 to 5 together, yellow . . 
 Pod many-jointed, joints crescent-shaped. 
 
 Bracts none. Flowers 5 to 8 together, yellow . . 
 Leaves pinnate, with 2 or more pairs of leaflets, and 
 a terminal stump. (Leaflets mostly lanceolate or 
 oblong.) 
 Style flattened, hairy on the inner side only. 
 
 Flowers in racemes 
 
 Leaves pinnate, with 2 or more pairs of leaflets, and a 
 
 tendril. (Leaflets mostly linear, lanceolate,or ovate.) 
 Style filiform, hairy on the outside or all round. 
 Stem angular, and stipules mostly half-sagittate 
 
 or ovate (not leaf-like) 
 
 Style flattened, hairy on the inner side only. Stem 
 
 winged, or stipules broad, leaf-like, hastate 
 Leaves pinnate, with a single pair of leaflets and a 
 tendril (leaflets mostly linear, lanceolate, or obo- 
 vate) ; or a single lanceolate leaf-like bract ; or 
 a hastate bract, with a tendril. 
 Style flattened, hairy on the inner side only .. 
 
 (Furze, 
 
 1. Whin, 
 ( Gorse. 
 
 Dyer's Green 
 
 2. weed, 
 Needle Whin. 
 
 3. Broom. 
 
 4. Rest-harrow. 
 
 5. Medick. 
 
 fl /Clover, 
 ' \Trefoil. 
 
 7. Melilot. 
 
 8 fTrigonel, 
 
 (.Fenugreek. 
 a /Bird's-foot 
 w '\ Trefoil. 
 
 , Q /Lady's Finger, 
 v ' \Kidney-vetch. 
 
 -,, /Sainfoin, 
 ^'ICock's-head. 
 
 12. Oxytrope. 
 
 13. Milk-vetch. 
 
 14. Bird's-foot. 
 
 Yellow Bird's- 
 foot. 
 
 Horseshoe 
 Vetch. 
 
 17. Bitter Vetch. 
 
 18. Vetch, Tare. 
 
 IVetchling, 
 Everlasting 
 Pea. 
 
 19. 
 
 Do.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 6. ROSACE/t. 
 
 or 
 
 _^^__- 
 
 1-SCeUs 
 
 
 Q 
 
 Carpels 
 ~ 
 
 / ROSA. 
 
 2. 
 
 MESPILUS. 
 
 S. COTOMEAS'TER. 
 
 6. 
 
 7. PYRUS. 
 
 JVone 
 
 Calyx 
 
 * 
 
 While 
 
 
 Yellow 
 
 .MCSSEn. DtLT 
 
 <5. ALCHEMI^LA. 
 
 9. SANGU/SO/fBA 
 
 fO. POTER/UM. 
 
 //. SPIRK.A . 
 
 12. AGR/MO'NM. 
 
 /3. DRY AS. 
 
 14-. FRAG ARIA. 
 
 fJ. POTENTIAL A. 
 
 JS. 
 
 Do. 
 
 J6 . GE'UM. 
 
 . SlBBALD'fA. 
 
 IS. CO'MARUM.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 59 
 
 26. ROSE FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior or superior. Calyx- 
 lobes 4 to 10. Petals 5, 4, or 8. Stamens many, perigynous 
 (inserted at the base of the sepals). Ovaries many, or 1 
 to 5. Fruit various. Leaves stipulate. 
 
 Trees or shrubs. 
 
 Fruit many hairy nuts in a fleshy calyx-tube. 
 
 Petals large, notched. Leaves pinnate, stipules adnate 
 
 to petiole ; leaflets 5 to 9 ; stem prickly 
 Fruit granulated, consisting of many small drupes. 
 Petals entire. Leaves ternate or quinate, or rarely 
 
 . simply lobed ; stem prickly 
 
 Fruit a fleshy drupe. 
 
 A cherry or plum. Leaves toothed, varying from 
 
 lanceolate to obovate 
 
 Fruit a thick fleshy calyx-tube, a pome with 1 to 5 
 
 cells, cells 1- to 2-seeded. 
 Flowers solitary. Calyx segments long, leaf-like. 
 
 Leaves lanceolate. Carpels bony 
 
 Flowers 1 to 4 together. Calyx with short lobes. 
 
 Leaves roundish ovate. Carpels bony 
 Flowers in compound cymes. 
 
 Leaves deeply lobed (stem thorny). Carpels'! 
 
 bony / 
 
 Leaves variously toothed, lobed, or pinnate. 
 
 Carpels horny 
 
 Herbs. 
 
 Petals none. 
 
 Hermaphrodite. Stamens 1 to 4. 
 
 Calyx of 8 segments in 2 rows, green ; alternate 
 
 segments smaller 
 
 Calyx of 4 segments in 1 row, purple 
 Polygamous. Stamens 20 to 30. 
 
 Jilale flowers with long delicate stamens. 
 
 Female flowers with a tufted style 
 
 Calyx of 5 segments in 1 row. 
 Flowers in compound cymes. 
 
 Fruit 5 to 12 follicles .. .. 
 
 Flowers in long spikes. 
 
 Fruit 1 to 2 nuts in a turbinate calyx armed with 
 
 hooked bristles 
 
 Calyx of 8 segments in 1 row. 
 Petals 8, white. 
 
 Fruit many small nuts with hairy styles. 
 
 Receptacle flat, dry 
 
 Calyx of 10 or 8 segments in 2 rows, the outer seg- 
 ments usually smaller. 
 Petals 5, white. 
 
 Fruit many small nuts, on a large succulent 
 
 deciduous receptacle 
 
 Fruit many small nuts, on a large flattish dry 
 
 receptacle 
 
 Petals 5 or 4, yellow. 
 
 Stamens many. Fruit many small nuts, on a 
 
 flattish dry receptacle 
 
 Stamens many. Fruit many small nuts, with 
 jointed hooked styles, on an elongated dry recep- 
 tacle 
 
 Stamens 5. Fruit many small nuts, on a flattish 
 
 dry receptacle 
 
 Petals 5, purple. 
 
 Fruit many small nuts, on an ultimately large 
 spongy receptacle 
 
 1. Hose. 
 
 2. 
 
 Bramble, 
 
 Blackberry, 
 
 Raspberry. 
 
 /Plum, 
 - \Cherry. 
 
 4. Medlar. 
 
 5. Cotoneaster. 
 Hawthorn, 
 
 6. 
 
 May, 
 
 Whitethorn. 
 (Pear, Apple, 
 \Service, &c. 
 
 8. Lady's Mantle. 
 
 9. Great Burnet. 
 
 10. Lesser Burnet. 
 
 ,, (Meadow-sweet, 
 \Dropwort, &c. 
 
 12. Agrimony. 
 
 , Q /Mountain 
 ld '\ Avens. 
 
 14. Strawberry. 
 
 15. Cinque-foil. 
 
 15. 
 
 Do. 
 
 16. Avens. 
 
 17. Sibbaldia. 
 
 1Q /Marsh Cinque 
 18 -i foil.
 
 6o 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 27. LYTHRACE/t. 
 
 
 Purple 
 
 / LY'THRUM. 
 
 fforo 
 (~^ 
 
 2. PEPL/S. 
 
 28. TAMARISCACE^L 
 
 C^fi 
 \Jeri 
 
 erirtoU 
 
 29. ONAGRACETS.. 
 
 Pink 
 
 /. 
 
 2. f -SNA RDM. 
 
 3. OENOTHERA. 
 
 EP/LO r B/UM. 
 
 Vi Y? ?art^ CD. \ M// /-> 
 
 30. HALORAGACEAL. M. j ^ }SS^ ij(g 
 
 31. CUCURBITACE/t. 
 
 Starn. 
 
 Stamens 
 
 tr/rite 
 
 fr. 
 
 black 
 
 1. BRYO'N/A
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 61 
 
 27. LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Calyx- 
 lobes 4 to 6 large and 4 to 6 small. Petals 4 
 to 6. Stamens 6 to 12. Style 1. Capsule 
 2-celled, cells many-seeded. 
 
 Calyx tubular. Style long, filiform. 
 Petals 4 to 6 purple. Plant uprig 
 Calyx bell-shaped. Style short. 
 Petals 6 (minute) reddish, or none 
 
 lit 
 
 - (Purple Loose- 
 
 . Plant prostrate 
 
 **\ strife. 
 2. Water-Purslane, 
 
 
 
 
 _ _ _ _ I Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 5. 
 Vn lAMARIQI^ FAMMV \ Petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles 3, thick. Capsule 
 . U . 1 tt IVI H R 1 1\ 1 rt IVI 1 L 1 , ( i-celled, many-seeded. Shrubs. 
 
 Flowers in spikes. Petals pink or white. 
 Seeds hairy. Leaves minute scale-like 
 
 1. Tamarisk. 
 
 
 
 {Corolla regular, polypetalous, superior. Calyx- 
 lobes 2 to 4. Petals 2, 4, or 0. Stamens 2, 
 4, or 8. Style 1. Capsule 1- or 2-celled, cells 
 1-seeded; or 4-celled, cells many-seeded. 
 
 Calyx-lobes 2. 
 Stamens 2. Petals 2, pale-pink. Capsule hairy, 1- 
 
 ^Enchanter's 
 
 Calyx-lobes 4. 
 Stamens 4. 
 Petals none. Capsule short, 4-celled, cells many- 
 
 2. Isnardia. 
 o (Evening Prim- 
 
 Stamens 8. 
 Petals 4, yellow. Capsule linear, short, 4-celled, 
 cells many-seeded, seeds glabrous . 
 
 Petals 4, pink, red, or white. Capsule linear, long, 
 4-celled, cells many-seeded. Seeds hairy 
 
 \ rose. 
 4. Willow-herb. 
 
 30. MARE'S-TAIL FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, superior; or none. 
 Calyx-lobes 2 or 4. Petals 4, or (usually) none. 
 Stamens 1, or in male flowers 8. Style 1, or in 
 female flowers 4. Fruit l-celled, 1-seeded; or 
 separating into 4 1-seeded nuts. Water plants. 
 
 Hermaphrodite. Stamen 1. Style 1 acute. 
 Fruit a 1-celled nut. Leaves linear, 6 to 12 in a whorl 
 Monoecious. Stamens 8. Styles 4 villous. 
 Fruit separating into 4 1-seeded nuts. Leaves pinnate, 
 3 to 5 in a whorl 
 
 1. Mare's-tail. 
 2. Water Milfoil. 
 
 
 31. GOURD FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, superior. Dioscious. Calyx- 
 lobes 5. Corolla-lobes 5. Stamens 5, sinuous, in 3 bun- 
 dles. Style 3-fld, stigmas 2-lobed. Fruit a 3- to 6-seeded 
 berry. 
 
 Stamens 5, sinuous, in 3 bundles. 
 Corolla veined, greenish-white. Fruit red or black. 
 Stem climbing, with tendrils, leaves lobed 
 
 1. Bryony.
 
 62 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 32. PORTULACEAl. 
 
 /. MONTI A. 
 
 Stern^L. 
 
 2. CLAYTO'N/A. 
 
 33. 
 
 PetaZa 
 none 
 
 /. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. ILLECEBRUM. 
 
 \ 
 
 Sor4 
 
 FollicUs 
 
 Latret 
 
 1. TILL*:*. 
 
 
 
 or/? 
 
 Pet. 
 
 2. 
 
 3. SE'DUM. 
 
 ! 
 
 fte-xo 
 
 -. SEMPERVIVUM. 
 
 35. RlBESIACE/L. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Fr.fffa 
 
 TL Green, 
 
 /. RlBElS 
 
 36. SAXIFRAGACE/t.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 _ rt _ ( Corolla regular, polypetalons or monopetalons, inferior. 
 r\) PlIR^I ANF rAMIIY \ Sepals2. Petals 5, or corolla-lobes 5. Stamens 6 
 <J, TUnOLMINL IHIYIILI, t Or3 stigmas 3. Capsule 1-celled, 3-seeded. 
 
 Corolla 5-lobed, split, white ; 2 lobes longer than the other 3. 
 Stamens 3. Leaves opposite, spathulate, entire 
 Petals 5, white. 
 Stamens 5. Stem leaves orbicular concave, perfoliate 
 
 1. Blinks. 
 2. Claytonia. 
 
 r\ n r\ r ( Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior. Sepals 5. 
 33 PARONYCHIA FAMILY i Petalssoro. Stamenss. Styles (orstigmas) 
 UU. TMnUMIUnirt IMIVIILI. ( 2or3 Fmit l-celled, l-seeded. 
 
 Stigmas or styles 2. 
 Petals none. Calyx vase-shaped. 
 
 1. Knawel. 
 
 Petals setaceous. Calyx of 5 sepals. 
 Leaves opposite, obovate 
 
 2, Rupture-wort. 
 3. Illecebmin. 
 
 4. Strapwort. 
 
 Petals subulate. Calyx of 5 sepals, horned at back. 
 
 Stigmas or styles 3. 
 Petals oval or oblong. Calyx of 5 sepals. 
 Leaves oblong, tapering at base, alternate 
 
 34, STONECROP FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, or rarely monopeta- 
 lous, inferior. Sepals 3 to 20. Petals 3 to 20. 
 Stamens to 40. Follicles 3 to 20. Succulent 
 plants. 
 
 Stamens 3 or 4, 
 
 Petals 3 or 4. Follicles 3. 
 
 Leaves opposite, oblong, blunt, connate 
 
 Stamens 8, 10, or 12. 
 
 Corolla tubular, 5-cleft. Follicles 5. Root leaves peltate 
 Petals 4 to 6. 
 
 Follicles 4 or 6. Leaves subterete, ovate or oblong ; 
 
 or flat obovate or toothed .. .. 
 
 Stamens 12 to 40. 
 
 Petals 6 to 20. Follicles 6 to 20. Leaves obovate, thick 
 
 1. Tillosa. 
 
 2. Navelwort. 
 
 3 |Stonecrop, 
 \ Orpine. 
 
 4. Houseleek. 
 
 1 Corolla regular, polypetalous, superior. Calyx-lobes 5. 
 Petals 5. Stamens 5. Style 2- or 4-clcft. Berry 
 many-seeded, filled with pulp ; placentas 2, parietal. 
 Shrubs. 
 
 Flowers in racemes, or 1 to 3 together. 
 Berry crowned with persistent calyx. Flowers green.! 
 Leaves 3- to 5-lobed / 
 
 , JCurrant, 
 \Gooseberry. 
 
 (Corolla regular, polypetalous, inferior or superior. 
 Calyx-lobes 5 or 4. Petals 5 or 0. Stamens 5, 8, or 
 10. Styles 2. Capsule 2-oelled, cells many-seeded ; 
 or rarely l-celled, with 2 to 4 parietal placentas. 
 
 Calyx 4-lobed. 
 Stamens 8. Petals none. Calyx-lobes yellow. 
 Ovary with 2 parietal placentas 
 Calyx 5-lobed. 
 Stamens 5. Scales 5 with glandular bristles. 
 Ovary with 4 parietal placentas 
 Stamens 10. Styles 2. 
 Ovary 2-celled, cells many-seeded 
 
 , /Golden Saxi- 
 A -\ frage. 
 
 o fGrass of Par- 
 '\ nassus. 
 
 3. Saxifrage. 
 
 F 2
 
 6 4 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 37 UMBELLIFER/L 
 
 SorO 
 
 S ^ LY FRUIT BRISTLY. HAIRY, OR SCALY. 
 
 Lonyrl 
 
 Gjnr.bctfy 
 
 Fr. 
 
 1. SfiNICULA. 
 
 Blue 
 
 2. ERYNGIUM. 
 
 \Pink 
 
 36. TORDY&UM. 
 
 Z-J I Rays 
 
 3. CAUCALIS. 
 
 3. Do. 
 
 3-4 I Ray* 
 
 G.Inr. none 
 
 4-S \Rays 
 
 23. CH/EROPHYllLUM. 
 
 G.Inr. 
 
 4. TOR /US. 
 
 G.Jnr. 
 
 jo-zo 
 
 Glnr. 
 bcls. 
 
 5. DAUCUS. 
 
 ZO-3OTJ?ciyj 
 
 6. SES'EU 
 
 O NDLV 
 
 FRUIT GLABROU5.MORE OR LESS LATERALLY COMPRESSED. 
 
 }Piiikisk 
 
 7. HYDROCOTYLE. 
 
 Loire rL. 
 
 Stem L. 
 
 L. feins 
 parallel 
 
 Yell. 
 
 8 BUPLEURUM. 
 
 9. ASTRANT//I. 
 
 L-lets, 
 
 10. SMYRN/UM. 
 
 X-20\Rat/f ] mile 
 
 \L-lett, 
 
 11. /EGOPODIUM. 
 
 (Continued.)
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 37. UMBELLATE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, superior. Calyx with 
 5 or teeth. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles 2. 
 Ovary 2-celled, cells 1 -seeded. Flowers in um- 
 bels. 
 
 FRUIT BRISTLY, HAIRY, OR SCALY. 
 
 Lower leaves palmate. 
 
 General involucre bracts 3-lobed. Petals erect, obovate, point 
 long, inflexed, white. Fruit sub-globose, with hooked spines, 
 nearly circular in transverse section. Ridges obscure ; stripes 
 (or vittiv) solitary 
 
 Lower leaves roundish or plaited. 
 
 Flowers in heads. Petals erect, oblong, point long, inflexed, blue. 
 Fruit covered with chaffy scales and crowned with calyx 
 teeth, nearly circular in transverse section. Carpels with 
 obscure ridges and slender solitary stripes 
 
 Lower leaves simply pinnate. 
 
 Umbels of 6 to 10 rays. Petals obcordate, point inflexed, pink. 
 Fruit hairy, much dorsally compressed, margin thickened. 
 
 Carpels with slender ridges. Stripes 1 to 3 
 
 Umbels of 2 to 5 rays. Petals obcordate, point inflexed, rose. 
 Fruit prickly, slightly laterally compressed. 
 
 Carpels deeply furrowed on the inner side. Stripes solitary 
 
 Lower leaves 2- or 3-pinnate. 
 
 General Involucre none. (See No. 4.) 
 Umbels of 3 or 4 rays. 
 
 Stem not swollen below the nodes. Fruit prickly, slightly 
 laterally compressed, beak inconspicuous. Carpels 
 deeply furrowed on the inner side ; stripes solitary . . 
 Umbels of 4 to 8 rays. 
 
 Stem swollen bplo w the nodes. Fruit with hooked prickles, 
 laterally compressed, beak smooth upright. Carpels 
 deeply furrowed on the inner side ; without stripes . . 
 General involucre present. 
 Umbels of 1 to 10 rays. 
 
 General involucre bracts entire. Fruit very prickly, 
 laterally compressed. Carpels furrowed; ridges and 
 
 spaces prickly ; stripes solitary . . . . 
 
 Umbels of 10 to 20 rays. 
 
 General involucre bracts pinnatifld. Fruit prickly, dor- 
 sally compressed ; stripes solitary 
 
 Umbels of 10 to 30 rays. 
 
 Fruit with delicate hairs, slightly dorsally compressed. 
 Carpels furrowed ; stripes solitary 
 
 1. Sanicle. 
 
 2. Eryngo. 
 
 36. Hartwort. 
 
 3. Hen's-foot. 
 
 3. Do. 
 
 23. Chervil. 
 
 4. Hedge-parsley 
 
 5. Carrot. 
 
 6. Seseli. 
 
 FRUIT GLABROUS, MORE OR LESS LATERALLY 
 COMPRESSED. 
 
 Leaves peltate. 
 
 Flowers in one head ; or two heads one above the other. Stem 
 creeping. Petals ovate, entire, pinkish. Fruit laterally 
 flattened ; ridges filiform ; stripes (or vittaj) none 
 
 Lower leaves simple and entire ; ovate, elliptic, or linear-lanceolate. 
 
 Stem leaves perfoliate, lanceolate or linear, with parallel veins. 
 
 Petals entire, with an involute broad point ; yellow. Carpels 
 
 with prominent ridges ;, stripes none or solitary, or in threes 
 
 Lower leaves palraately cleft. 
 
 Partial involucre of 15 to 20 bracts. Flowers polygamous. 
 Fruit ridges toothed. Stripes none 
 
 Leaves ternately compound. 
 
 Umbels of 8 to 12 rays. Petals elliptic, entire, yellowish-green. 
 
 Leaflets broadly ovate. Carpels deeply furrowed ; ridges 
 
 prominent ; stripes many 
 
 Umbels of 12 to 20 rays. Petals obovate, notched, white. 
 
 Leaflets ovate-lanceolate. Carpels solid ; ridges prominent ; 
 
 stripes none 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 /Penny- wort, 
 '\White-rot. 
 
 8. Hare's-ear. 
 
 9. Astrantia. 
 
 10. Alexanders. 
 
 11 ( Gout-weed, 
 11> \Bishop's-weed.
 
 66 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 *w 
 
 P.Inr.O 
 
 P.Inr. 
 
 3-9 \7fayg 
 
 l(HS\Rays 
 
 2-8 \ftaya 
 ujugual 
 
 00' 
 
 Ways 
 afuai 
 
 VfLMjf. 
 
 Pet 
 
 St&n 
 mry 
 
 JcBa 
 
 /2. A'PIUM. 
 
 J3. PlMPINEtlLA. 
 
 14. PETROSELI'NUM. 
 
 15. HELOSCJA'DIUM. 
 
 16. Si's ON. 
 
 17 S/'UM. 
 
 P.Jnr.O 
 
 L-lets. 
 
 L. sep Ir. 
 
 Says 
 
 P.fnr.bcl. 
 
 \ 
 
 P. for. be tt. 
 
 1 
 
 Plant 
 aromatic 
 
 ' ' 
 
 {Continued.} 
 
 AS. TRIN/A. 
 
 19. CARUM. 
 
 20. CONI'UM. 
 
 1. PHYSOSPERMUM. 
 
 SCAN'D/X. 
 
 /4. PETROSELINUM. 
 
 23. CH&ROPHYL'LUM. 
 
 23. Do. 
 
 . C/CUTJ. 
 
 25.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 Leaves simply pinnate. 
 Partial involucre none. 
 Umbels of 3 to 9 rays. 
 
 Segments of upper leaves wedge-shaped. Carpels 
 with filiform ridges ; stripes solitary .. .. 
 Umbels with 10 to 15 rays. 
 
 Segments of upper leaves linear, or ovate-serrate. 
 Carpels with filiform ridges ; stripes 3 or more 
 Partial involucre present. 
 
 Umbels of 2 to 8 unequal rays. 
 
 Petals roundish, point inflexed? Stem wiry. 
 Carpels with filiform ridges; stripes solitary 
 Umbels of 2 to 8 equal rays. 
 
 Petals ovate, entire, with straight or inflexed 
 points. Leaflets ovate, toothed, lobed, or in 
 capillary segments. 
 
 Carpels with prominent ridges ; stripes solitary 
 Petals broadly obcordate, deeply notched, points in- 
 flexed. Segments of upper leaves entire. Carpels 
 with filiform ridges ; stripes solitary, clavate 
 Umbels of 10 to 15 rays. 
 
 Petals obcordate, points inflexed. Segments of 
 upper leaves oblong or lanceolate, toothed. 
 Carpels with filiform ridges ; stripes 3 or more 
 
 together 
 
 Leaves 2- or 3-pinnate. 
 Flowers dioecious. 
 
 Partial involucre none. 
 
 Leaflets linear or subulate. Carpels with filiform 
 ridges, and a solitary stripe beneath them . . 
 Leaf-segments all linear. (See No. 22.) 
 Petals obcordate, point inflexed. 
 
 Umbels of 5 to 10 rays, with or without a 
 general involucre. Carpels with filiform 
 
 ridges; stripes 1 to 3 together 
 
 General involucre present. 
 Stem spotted. 
 
 Segments of leaves ovate, toothed. Fruit ridges 
 crenate. Carpels deeply furrowed ; stripes none 
 Stem without spots. 
 
 Segments of stem leaves linear-lanceolate. Car- 
 pels furrowed, nearly globular ; stripes solitary 
 General involucre none (sometimes present in first 
 
 umbels or young ones). 
 Umbels of 2 or 3 rays. 
 
 Partial involucre bracts, 2- or 3-lobed. Fruit 
 beak very long. Carpels deeply furrowed ; 
 
 ridges blunt ; stripes none 
 
 Petals roundish, entire, points inflexed. 
 
 Umbels 15 to 20 rays. Fruit ovoid. Carpels with 
 
 filiform ridges ; stripes solitary 
 
 Stem spotted, hairy, swollen at the joints. 
 
 Fruit oblong. Carpels deeply furrowed ; ridges 
 
 blunt ; stripes solitary 
 
 Partial involucre bracts ciliate. 
 
 Fruit oblong. Carpels furrowed; ridges only 
 
 apparent at top ; stripes none . . .. 
 Leaflets linear-lanceolate, acutely toothed. 
 
 Fruit ovoid. Carpels with broad, flattened ridges ; 
 
 stripes solitary 
 
 Plant aromatic. 
 
 Fruit oblong. Carpels with prominent hollow 
 ridges ; stripes solitary 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 12. Celery. 
 
 jPimpinel, 
 13.< Burnet-Saxi- 
 ( frage. 
 
 14. Parsley. 
 
 i 
 
 15. Marsh-wort. 
 
 16. Stonewort. 
 
 17. Water-parsnip 
 
 18. Honewort. 
 
 (Caraway, 
 
 19. {Pig-nut, 
 [Earth-nut. 
 
 20. Hemlock. 
 
 21. Bladder-seed. 
 
 (Shepherd's 
 22. Needle. 
 (Venus's Comb 
 
 14. Parsley. 
 
 23. Chervil. 
 
 23. Do. 
 
 (Water Hem- 
 24.] lock, 
 (Cowbane. 
 
 25. Sweet Cicely.
 
 68 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 ^? <r - )} FRUIT GLABROUS, CIRCULAR OR NCARLYSOIN TRANSVERSE SECTION. 
 
 LovL 
 
 G-'Urtr. 
 
 O.Inr. 
 
 G.Inr.O. 
 
 Fl.Wkite 
 
 TlTeHoirifh 
 
 Ft, Watt 
 
 tl.'Yettor 
 
 Llets 
 
 Z.* 
 
 WJSRaus > 
 
 L.sey. 
 
 3-lfRayt 
 
 I 
 
 ^I^ 
 W f.Inr. 
 
 ' s -jo brack 
 
 Do. 
 
 jshorlbds. 
 
 Do. 
 
 P.InrO. 
 
 Z6 L/GUSTICUM. 
 
 27. ME'VM. 
 
 28. 
 
 29. CRITH'MUM. 
 
 30. CENANTHC . 
 
 30. Do. 
 
 31. CORIANDRUM. 
 
 . MTHUSA . 
 
 33.fGENtC'ULUM. 
 
 FRUIT GLABROUS, DORSALLY COMPRESSED,WINGED. 
 
 34. HEKAC'LEUM. 
 
 C-r.Tnv. 
 
 35. PASTINA'CA 
 
 StemLscy. 
 
 36 ToRDYL'tUM. 
 
 L-lels 
 
 Put* 
 
 37. 
 
 L.seq. 
 
 38. PEUCEDANUM
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 69 
 
 3 R P. LY FRUIT GLABROUS, CIRCULAR, OR NEARLY so, IN 
 TRANSVERSE SECTION. 
 
 Lower leaves 2-ternate, with large leaflets. 
 General involucre present. 
 Flowers white. 
 
 Leaflets ovate or 3-lobed. Carpels with many 
 prominent ridges ; stripes (or vittse) many . . 
 
 Lower leaves 2- or 3-pinnate. 
 General involucre present. 
 Flowers yellowish. 
 
 Umbels 10 to 15 rays. Leaf-segments linear, 
 fine. Carpels with prominent ridges ; stripes 
 
 many 
 
 Umbels 5 to 10 rays. Leaf-segments lanceolate. 
 Carpels with prominent ridges ; stripes many 
 Flowers white. 
 
 Umbels 15 to 20 rays. Leaf-segments lanceolate, 
 fleshy. Carpels with sharply elevated ridges ; 
 
 stripes many 
 
 Umbels 3 to 15 rays. Styles long sub-erect. 
 Carpels more or less corky ; ridges blunt ; 
 
 stripes solitary 
 
 General involucre none. 
 Flowers white. 
 
 Partial involucre of 5 to 10 bracts. Carpels more 
 or less corky ; ridges blunt ; stripes solitary 
 Partial involucre of 3 short bracts. 
 
 Carpels with secondary ridges conspicuous ; 
 
 commissure with 2 stripes 
 
 Partial involucre of 3 long bracts. 
 
 Carpels with prominent ridges ; stripes solitary 
 Flowers yellow. 
 
 Partial involucre none. Carpels with prominent 
 blunt ridges ; stripes solitary 
 
 26. Lovage. 
 
 !Meu, 
 Spignel, 
 Bald-money, 
 j Sulphur- wort, 
 28. < Pepper Saxi- 
 ( frage. 
 
 29. Samphire. 
 
 on /Water Drop- 
 30 '\ wort. 
 
 30. 
 
 Do. 
 
 31. Coriander. 
 
 32. Fool's Parsley 
 
 33. Fennel. 
 
 4T H .": Y FRUIT GLABROUS, DORSALLY COMPRESSED, 
 WINGED. 
 
 Lower leaves pinnate, with 3 or more large broad rough leaflets. 
 Petals obcordate, points indexed, white. 
 
 Upper leaves with a greatly dilated petiole. (See No. 38.) 
 Fruit with a dilated margin. Carpels with club-shaped 
 stripes (or vittae) half-way down ; ridges slender . . 
 
 Lower leaves simple pinnate. 
 
 Petals roundish, entire, points inflexed, yellow. 
 
 General involucre none. Segments of stem leaves ovate. 
 
 Carpels with slender ridges 
 
 Petals obcordate, points inflexed, pink. 
 
 General involucre present. Segments of stem leaves lanceo- 
 late. Carpels hairy, with a thickened margin ; ridges 
 slender ; stripes 1 to 3 together 
 
 Lower leaves 2- or 3-pinnate. 
 
 Petals broadly lanceolate, entire, incurved, pink. 
 
 Leaflets lanceolate or ovate. Fruit 2-winged on each side. 
 
 Carpels with 3 thickened ridges ; stripes solitary . . 
 Petals obcordate, or ovate, points inflexed, yellow or white. 
 Leaf-segments linear or lanceolate, entire ; or ovate or 3-lobed, 
 toothed. Fruit 1-winged on each side. Carpels with 3 
 dorsal and 2 inconspicuous lateral ridges ; stripes solitary, 
 or 1-3 together 
 
 q* /Cow-parsnip, 
 J *'\Hog-weed. 
 
 35. Parsnip. 
 
 36. Hartwort. 
 
 37. Angelica. 
 
 38. Hog's-fennel.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 38. HEDERACEA1. 
 
 
 HEDERA . 
 
 39. 
 
 \ 4 
 
 Black 
 orred 
 
 40. LORANTHACEAl. 
 
 SHam. 
 
 While 
 
 green 
 
 /. IS/SCUM. 
 
 41.CAPRIFOLIACE/L.: 
 
 o 
 
 /. L/NNSELA. 
 
 H.\or\ 
 
 or 
 
 LO NICER A. 
 
 1S/BURWUM. 
 
 IL 
 
 l f 
 
 JlootL? 
 
 6. ADOXA
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 38. IVY FAMILY, { 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, superior. ., 
 
 Stamens 5. Styles (5) united into one. 
 
 bud. 
 
 5-seeded berry. 
 
 Climbing shrubs. 
 
 Petals 5, valvate in the 
 Fruit a 3- to 
 
 Flowers in umbels, pale green. 
 
 Fruit a black berry. Leaves ovate, or 3- or 5-lobed 
 
 1. Ivy. 
 
 39, DOG-WOOD FAMILY, 
 
 1 Corolla regular, polypetalons, superior. Petals 4, val- 
 vate in the bud. Stamens 4. Style 1. Fruit a 
 drupe, with a 2-celled nut, cells 1-seeded. Shrubs 
 or herbs. 
 
 Flowers in cymes or umbels. 
 Berry black or red. Leaves opposite, ovate 
 
 1. Dog- wood. 
 
 40, MISTLETOE FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, polypetalous, superior. Petals 4. 
 Stamens 4 ; anthers sessile, many-celled. Ovary 
 with a sessile stigma. Fruit a 1-seeded berry. 
 Parasitical shrubs on trees. 
 
 Dicecious. Male : Anthers adnate to petals, many-celled. 
 Female : Berry white, 1-seeded, crowned with calyx. 
 Leaves opposite, obovate-lanceolate 
 
 1. Mistletoe. 
 
 41. HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular or irregular, monopetalous, supe- 
 rior. Corolla-lobes 4 or 6. Stamens 4, 6, 8, 
 or 10. Styles 1 to 5. Fruit usually succulent, 
 1- to 5-celled, cells 1- (rarely many-) seeded. 
 Shrubs or herbs. Leaves opposite. 
 
 Stamens 4, 2 long and 2 short. 
 
 Flowers in pairs, drooping. 
 
 Style 1, filiform, stigma capitate. Corolla cam- 
 panulate. Leaves broadly ovate 
 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Flowers in heads or pairs. 
 
 Style 1, filiform, stigma capitate. Corolla ringent. 
 Leaves ovate, distinct or connate 
 
 Flowers in cymes. 
 
 Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry 1-seeded. Leaves ovate 
 
 or 3- (sometimes 5-) lobed 
 
 Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry 3- or 4-seeded. Leaves 
 
 pinnate, leaflets 5 to 11 
 
 Stamens 8 or 10. 
 
 Flowers in a head, pale green. 
 
 Styles 4 or 5. Root leaves ternate 3-lobed 
 
 1. Linnaea. 
 
 9 /Honeysuckle, 
 *' \Woodbine. 
 
 o /Guelder-rose, 
 \Wayfaring-tree, 
 
 4. Elder. 
 
 5. Moschatel.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 42. RuBiACE/e. s 
 
 /. RUBIA. 
 
 T- 
 
 f Y 
 
 2. 
 
 3. AsPERULfl. 
 
 4-. SHERAP'D/A. 
 
 43.VALER1ANACE/L. \Z ^ 'HH 
 
 v^y v" \j \j 'or -*^ 
 
 | 
 
 Spurred. 
 
 7>. 
 
 Fl.red 
 orirhite 
 
 f. C ENTRAN'THUS . 
 
 I' 
 
 GMxnu 
 
 T 
 
 Fl.pink 
 orwhite 
 
 2. PALER/ ANA. 
 
 ? 
 
 
 
 n. lilac 
 Wjoinfc 
 
 3. PALER/AN ELLA. 
 
 44. DIPSACACE/E. 
 
 Sfrinoiis 
 
 Fruit 
 
 /. DIPSACUS. 
 
 Scaly 
 
 . SCABIO'SA. 
 
 Hairy 
 
 Do. 
 
 3. 
 
 F.A.MCSSIH.OCI.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 73 
 
 1 Corolla regular, monopetalous, superior. Corolla-lobes 
 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5. Styles 1, stigmas 2. Fruit 
 didymous (dry or rarely succulent), cells 1-seeded. 
 Leaves in a whorl of 4 to 10 leaflets. 
 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Corolla rotate, 5-lobed. 
 
 Fruit didymous, succulent 
 
 Stamens 4. 
 
 Corolla rotate, 4-lobed. 
 
 Fruit didymous, dry 
 
 Corolla funnel-shaped. 
 
 Fruit didymous, dry 
 
 Corolla funnel-shaped, tube long. 
 
 Fruit didymous, crowned with calyx teeth 
 
 1. Madder. 
 
 2. Bedstraw. 
 
 3. Woodruff. 
 
 4. Field Madder. 
 
 . _ , . ( Corolla regular, monopetalous, superior. Corolla-lobes 5. 
 A A VAIFRIAM FAMMV \ Stamens 1 or 3. Style 1 entire, or bifid. Fruit 1-celled, 
 TU. IrtLLIUrtll inmil.li t. l-seeded; or with! fertile and 2 abortive cells. 
 
 Stamen 1. 
 Corolla spurred. 
 Fruit crowned with a feathery pappus. 
 Flowers red or white 
 
 ., (Red Valerian, 
 
 Stamens 3. 
 Corolla gibbous. 
 Fruit crowned with a feathery pappus. 
 Flowers pink or white 
 
 \Spur Valerian. 
 2. Valerian 
 
 Corolla obconic (neither spurred nor gibbous). 
 Fruit crowned with a cup-shaped border. 
 
 o | Corn-salad, 
 \Lamb's Lettuce. 
 
 
 . . _ _ ( Corolla regular, monopetalous, superior. Flowers in heads. 
 
 4-4- iFARFI rAMIIY J Corolla-lobes 4 or 5. Stamens 4, anthers free. Style 
 TTi I LAAOLL iniHII.li ^ simnle. Fruit 1-celled. l-seeded. 
 
 simple. Fruit 1-celled, l-seeded. 
 
 Receptacle with spinous scales. 
 Calyx-limb entire, cup-shaped. 
 
 Involucre bracts linear, prickly or toothed and ciliate 
 Receptacle scaly. 
 
 Calyx-limb with 4 or 5 bristles. 
 
 Involucre bracts lanceolate or linear, hairy .. 
 Receptacle hairy. 
 
 Calyx-limb with about 8 teeth. 
 
 Involucre bracts broad, leafy, hairy 
 
 1. Teasel. 
 
 2. Scabious. 
 
 3. Field Scabious.
 
 74 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 45. COMPOSITE. 
 
 in / or 
 
 jcar 
 
 Fruit 
 
 FLOWER-HEADS WITH ALL THE FLORETS LIGULATE. 
 
 Inrolucre 
 
 LoirL 
 
 1. LAPS AN A. 
 
 fl. \ffyeU. 
 
 2. ARNOSERIS. 
 
 blue 
 
 3. CICHO'RIUM. 
 
 
 30 60 
 
 4. TARAXACUM. 
 
 5. LACTUCA. 
 
 0-60 
 
 6. CREPIS. 
 
 /Section of fh 
 O 
 
 Plant watay 
 
 6. Do. 
 
 7. HJERA'CIUM. 
 
 SeclionofFr. 
 o 
 
 Tlanlmilky 
 
 Fl.blue 
 
 Bristly' 
 
 8. MULGED/UM. 
 
 Tl.yeU,. 
 
 9. SONCHUS. 
 
 I 
 
 10. HYPOCH/EWS. 
 
 11. TRAGOPO'GON. 
 
 T 
 
 L. 
 
 12. HELMINTHIC. 
 
 ~*3A\\tjt& 
 
 Hairs 
 
 Older Dinner 
 row Ijrrnv 
 
 13. THRINCIA. 
 
 Smooth 
 
 14-. LEONTODON. 
 
 im or KK 
 
 m-'mkUd 
 
 15. PI'CRIS. 
 
 F.A.MtSStR DLLT 
 
 (Continued)
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 75 
 
 45. COMPOSITE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, superior. Flowers 
 consisting of many ligulate or tubular florets, col- 
 lected together in beads of all ligulate florets, or 
 all tubular, or both ligulate and tubular florets ; 
 surrounded by a common involucre. Stamens 5 ; 
 anthers united into a tube. Style simple, bifid. 
 Fruit l-celled, 1 -seeded, an achene. 
 
 FLOWER-HEADS WITH ALL THE FLORETS LIGULATE. 
 
 Fruit without either scales or pappus. 
 
 Flower-heads in panicles ; stem leafy. Flowers yellow. 
 Involucre of 1 row of bracts, and a few short ones 
 
 at base. Lower leaves lyrate 
 
 Fruit crowned with an elevated ridge, angular. 
 
 Flower-heads on slightly branched leafless stalks. 
 
 Flowers yellow. 
 
 Involucre of 1 row of bracts, and a few short ones at 
 base. Leaves radical, obovate or oblong, toothed 
 Fruit crowned with many stiff bristles. 
 
 Flower-heads in pairs, nearly sessile. Flowers blue. 
 Involucre of 2 rows of bracts, the outer one half 
 the length of the inner. Lower leaves runcinate 
 Fruit with a hairy stalked pappus. (See N.B.) 
 Flower-heads on simple stalks. 
 
 Involucre of 2 rows of bracts, the outer spreading 
 
 or erect. Florets 30 to 60 
 
 Flower-heads on branched stalks. 
 
 Involucre imbricated in several series, or of 1 row 
 of bracts and a few short ones at base. Flowers 
 
 5 to 20 
 
 Involucre of 2 rows of bracts, the outer ones short 
 
 and more or less lax. Florets 30 to 60 
 Fruit with a hairy sessile pappus. 
 
 Section of fruit circular. Plant watery. 
 
 Involucre of 2 rows of bracts, the outer one short 
 
 and more or less lax. Fruit tapered upwards . . 
 
 Involucre of many imbricated bracts. Fruit trun- 
 
 * cate, not beaked 
 
 Section of fruit elliptic. 
 
 Flowers blue. Fruit with a bristly pappus 
 Flowers yellow. Fruit with a silky pappus 
 Fruit with a feathery stalked pappus. 
 Receptacle scaly. 
 
 Involucre bracts imbricated in several series. Stem 
 
 leafless, branched or simple 
 
 Receptacle naked (not scaly). 
 Involucre simple. Leaves grass-like, dilated at the 
 
 base 
 
 Involucre of 2 rows of bracts, outer ones broad, 
 leaf-like, and bristly. Leaves lanceolate, rough 
 with hooked bristles from tubercular bases 
 Fruit with a feathery sessile pappus. 
 Plants with hairs, simple or forked. 
 
 Outer row of fruits with a short scaly pappus. 
 Inner rows of fruits with a feathery pappus. 
 
 Stem simple 
 
 Fruit smooth, all with a feathery pappus. 
 
 Stem simple or branched, leafless 
 
 Plants with bristles, forked or hooked. 
 
 Fruit wrinkled in upper parts, all with a feathery 
 pappus. Stem branched, leafy 
 
 N.B. As soon as the flowers are expanded, Indications of the 
 growth of a stalk to the pappus may generally be detected. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 1. Nipplewort. 
 
 (Swine's Suc- 
 
 2 1 cor y 
 
 2.J- 
 
 Dwarf Nipple- 
 [ wort. 
 
 3. Chicory. 
 
 4. Dandelion. 
 
 5. Lettuce. 
 
 6. Hawk's-beard. 
 
 6. Do. 
 
 7. Hawkweed. 
 
 8. BlueSowthistle 
 
 9. Sowthistle. 
 
 10. Cat's-ear. 
 
 11. Goafs-beard. 
 . Ox-tongue. 
 
 13. Thrincia. 
 
 14. Hawkbit. 
 
 15. Picris.
 
 7 6 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 FLOWER-HEADS WITH ALL THE FLORETS TUBULAR 
 
 r.A.MCMER.Oll- 
 
 (ConUnuf.d. )
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 77 
 
 2 N P. LY FLOWER-HEADS WITH ALL THE FLORETS TUBULAR. 
 
 Fruit naked or crowned with an elevated ridge. 
 Leaves glabrous. 
 
 Flowers yellow. Leaves 1- or 2-pinnatifid. 
 
 Flower-heads corymbose 
 
 Leaves cottony. 
 
 Flowers yellow. Leaves oblong, blunt, densely 
 
 cottony. Receptacle scaly 
 
 Flowers yellow or brown. Leaves linear, or 1- or 
 
 2-pinnatifid, segments linear or lanceolate. 
 Flower-heads in a loose panicle or leafy raceme . . 
 Fruit crowned with 2 to 5 stiff bristles. 
 Leaves opposite. 
 
 Flowers yellow. Leaves lanceolate, or 2- to 5-cleft, 
 toothed. Outer bracts of involucre leafy, spreading 
 Fruit with a hairy or feathery pappus. 
 Leaves without prickles or stiff bristles. 
 
 Flowers yellower brown. (See Nos. 29, 43, and 46.) 
 Leaves linear, lanceolate, or obovate, cottony. 
 Receptacle conical, scaly at the margin. Heads 
 
 hermaphrodite 
 
 Receptacle flat or slightly convex, not scaly. 
 
 Heads hermaphrodite 
 
 Receptacle convex, not scaly. Heads sub-dioecious 
 Leaves linear, glabrous. 
 
 Flower-heads in a terminal corymb, yellow . . 
 Flowers purple, lilac, or rose. (See No. 22.) 
 Leaves radical, roundish-cordate. - 
 
 Flower-heads in terminal oblong panicles. 
 Flowers before leaves. Stem leaves with 
 
 greatly dilated stalks 
 
 Leaves ovate-cordate, very large. 
 
 Involucre bracts hooked 
 
 Leaves opposite, deeply divided into 3 to 5 
 
 lanceolate, toothed, lobes. 
 Flower-heads in compact corymbs. 
 
 Florets 5 or 6 in a head 
 
 Lower leaves pinnatifid, toothed. Stem leaves 
 
 pinnatifid at base, toothed. 
 Involucre imbricate, bracts glabrous unarmed 
 Lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, cottony beneath. 
 Involucre imbricate. Flower-heads few, in a 
 
 dense corymb 
 
 Lower leaves linear-lanceolate, ovate, lyrate or 
 
 pinnatirid. 
 
 Involucre bracts fringed or thorny 
 Leaves with prickles. 
 Flowers yellow. 
 
 Receptacle with bristly scales. 
 
 Outer involucre bracts leaf-like ; inner bracts 
 linear (yellow) .. .. .. .. .. .. 
 
 Flowers purple or white. 
 
 Receptacle with bristly scales. 
 
 Involucre bracts with strong thorns. 
 
 (Leaves milky veined) 
 
 Involucre bracts prickly. 
 
 (Pappus hairy or feathery, deciduous) 
 Receptacle honeycombed. 
 Involucre bracts prickly. 
 
 (Pappus rough, deciduous) 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 16. Tansy. 
 
 17. Cotton-weed. 
 
 18. Wormwood. 
 
 19. Bur-Marigold. 
 
 20. Cudweed. 
 
 21. Do. 
 
 22. Everlasting. 
 
 23. Goldilocks. 
 
 24. Butterbur. 
 
 25. Burdock. 
 
 26 
 
 \ mony. 
 
 27. Saw-wort. 
 
 28. Saussurea. 
 
 29. Knapweed. 
 
 30. Carline Thistle 
 
 31. Milk Thistle. 
 
 32. Thistle. 
 
 33. Cotton Thistle,
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 FLOWER-HEADS WITH BOTHTUBULAR&-LIGULATE FLORETS 
 
 09-0 
 
 WTtUe ray 
 
 TfTiifeoryeS. 
 
 Ktceptach 
 
 f " "4 
 
 34. GALINSO'GA. 
 
 35. BEL'L/S. 
 
 36. MATRIC/IRJ/I. 
 
 37. AN'THEMIS. 
 
 38. 
 
 39. CHRYS/I/VTHEMUM. 
 
 InvnJurre 
 
 40. J'NULA . 
 
 7.. 
 
 40. Do. 
 
 S. 1 1 orf I fleshy 
 
 U (J 
 
 40. DO. 
 
 4f. PULICA'R/A. 
 
 Yett.rtty 
 
 Kt&mL. 
 
 f 
 
 42 Sou D AGO. 
 
 L.rar 
 
 43. SENEC/O. 
 
 43. Do. 
 
 JKntr 
 
 nr 
 
 L.antonv 5 
 
 44 Tu ssi LA GO. 
 
 2-3 
 
 45. DOROMI'CUM. 
 
 Jtoirs 
 
 L.Wor U/hairv 
 
 46. ER/GEROM. 
 
 Purp.orblue 
 ray 
 
 ylabrous 
 
 ^_^ 
 
 47. 
 
 f x Mttsrn. OIL
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 79 
 
 3 R P. LY FLOWER-HEADS WITH BQTH LIGULATE AND 
 
 TUBULAR FLORETS. 
 
 Fruit naked, or crowned either with a ridge or with 
 scales. 
 
 Flower-head with a white ray. 
 Receptacle conical, scaly. 
 Fruit crowned with scales, hispid. Leaves opposite, 
 
 ovate, toothed 
 
 Receptacle ultimately conical, naked (not scaly). 
 Flower-head solitary. Leaves radical, spathulate 
 Leaves 2- or 3-pinnate with capillary segments, 
 or simply pinnate with broad segments .. .. 
 
 Flower-head with a white or yellow ray. 
 Receptacle convex or conical, scaly. 
 
 Leaves 2-pinnate with capillary segments, or 
 
 pinnatifid with linear-lanceolate segments 
 Receptacle nearly flat, scaly. 
 
 Flower-heads in a terminal corymb. Leaves linear- 
 lanceolate, finely toothed ; or 2-pinnatifid with 
 a lanceolate outline, and linear segments . . 
 Receptacle semi-convex. 
 
 Stem branched, flower-heads solitary. Stem leaves 
 oblong, blunt, toothed or lobed 
 
 Fruit with a hairy or feathery pappus. 
 Flower -head with a yellow ray. 
 
 Involucre imbricated in many rows of broadly ovate 
 
 leafy bracts. 
 Lower leaves stalked, elliptic-oblong. Fruit 
 
 quadrangular 
 
 Involucre imbricated in many rows of bracts reflexed 
 
 at point. 
 Leaves ovate-lanceolate, toothed. Flowers in 
 
 corymbs 
 
 Involucre imbricated in many rows of erect bracts. 
 
 (See No. 46.) 
 
 Leaves linear, blunt or 3-pointed, fleshy .. 
 Leaves oblong, with a cordate or narrow clasping 
 
 base. 
 
 Pappus in 2 rows, the outer short toothed 
 Leaves lanceolate, recurved. Flower-heads of 5 
 
 to 12 florets 
 
 Involucre 1 row of equal bracts, with small scales 
 
 at base. 
 Leaves various ; lanceolate, lyrate, or variously 
 
 pinnatifid 
 
 Involucre 1 row of equal bracts. 
 
 Lower leaves broadly lanceolate, toothed ; or 
 
 oblong and nearly entire 
 
 Leaves roundish- cordate, angular, toothed, cottony 
 
 beneath. Flower-heads solitary 
 
 Involucre 2 or 3 rows of equal bracts. 
 
 Root leaves cordate or ovate, toothed, on long 
 stalks 
 
 Flower-heads with a purple or blue ray. 
 Ligulate florets in m n^ cowj 
 
 Leaves linear or lanceolate, hairy 
 
 Ligulate florets in on e^ row 
 
 Leaves linear, lanceolate, glabrous 
 
 34. Galinsoga. 
 
 35. Daisy. 
 
 36. Feverfew. ^~ 
 
 37. Chaxnomile. 
 
 oo /Yarrow, 
 38 JMillefoil. 
 
 39. Ox-eye Daisy. 
 
 40. Elecampane. 
 
 40. Spikenard. 
 
 4O (Golden Sam- 
 l phire. 
 
 ... (Tleawort, 
 * ig \Fleabane. 
 
 42. Golden-rod. 
 
 43. Ragwort 
 
 43. Do. 
 
 44. Colt's-foot. 
 
 Leopard's- 
 bane. 
 
 46. Fleabane. 
 
 47. Starwort. 
 
 G~2
 
 8o 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 46. CAMPANULACE/e 
 
 Stan. 
 
 1. LOBELIA 
 
 2. JAS10NE. 
 
 or 
 
 3. PHYTEUMA . 
 
 4. CAMPANULA. 
 
 5. WJHLENBERGIA. 
 
 6. SPECULAR/A '. 
 
 47 ERICACE/E' 
 
 tifsarlO 
 
 or\ 
 
 \Blaeknrred 
 
 1. 
 
 Col. 
 
 * 
 
 .-Cor 
 col. 
 Set. 
 
 L. 
 
 -Cal. 
 
 2. CALLU'/VA 
 
 3. ER/CA . 
 
 4. MENZ/ES/A. 
 
 S. /IZ/fLE/l. 
 
 6. 
 
 7. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS . 
 
 8. ANDROMEDA. 
 
 L.O 
 Scales 
 
 arjt 
 
 9. MOA/OTROPA . 
 
 JO. P^ROLA . 
 
 48. AQUIFOLIACEAL. 
 
 While 
 
 Ber 
 
 Scarlet 
 
 I /LEX
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 81 
 
 46, BELL-FLOWER FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular or irregular, monopetalous, supe- 
 rior. Corolla-lobes 5. Stamens 6, anthers 
 cohering or free. Style 1, stigmas 2 or 3. 
 Capsule 2- to 5-celled, cells many-seeded. 
 
 Stamens 5, anthers cohering. 
 
 Corolla irregular, 2-lipped, 5-lobed. 
 Flowers in racemes . . 
 
 Corolla regular, with 5 long lobes. 
 Flowers in heads 
 
 Stamens 5, anthers free. 
 Corolla somewhat 2-lipped, with 5 long linear lobes. 
 
 Flowers in heads, or in dense spikes 
 
 Corolla bell-shaped, with 5 broad lobes. 
 
 Capsule inferior 
 
 Capsule half superior .. .. 
 
 Corolla rotate, with 5 broad lobes. 
 
 Capsule linear-oblong 
 
 1. Lobelia. 
 
 2. Sheep's-bit. 
 
 3. Bampion. 
 
 4. Bell-flower. 
 
 5. Wahlenbergia. 
 
 6. Specularia. 
 
 47. HEATH FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous or polypetalous, inferior ; or 
 monopetalous, superior. Calyx-lobes 4 or 5. Corolla- 
 lobes 4 or 5. Stamens 8, 10, or 5 ; anthers opening by 
 pores, often awned. Fruit a 4- or 5-celled berry, or a 
 2- to 5-celled capsule; cells many- (rarely 1-) seeded. 
 Shrubs or herbs. 
 
 Shrubs. Corolla monopetalous. 
 
 Ovary inferior. Stamens 8 or 10, with or without awns. 
 
 Corolla globular, bell-shaped or rotate. Berry black or red 
 Ovary superior. 
 
 Stamens 8, with or without awns. Calyx 4-lobed. 
 
 Calyx longer than corolla, surrounded by 4 green bracts. 
 
 Leaves very small, closely imbricated in 4 rows 
 Calyx much shorter than the ovoid corolla. 
 
 Leaves 4 in a whorl, or 3 in a whorl and clustered 
 
 Leaves clustered 
 
 Stamens 5, awnless. Calyx 5-lobed. 
 Corolla bell-shaped. 
 
 Leaves opposite, revolute. Capsule 2- or 3-celled . . 
 Stamens 10, awned. Calyx 5-lobed. 
 Tall shrubs. 
 
 Berry granulated, 5-celled, cells many-seeded . . . . 
 Low-creeping shrubs. (See No. 4.) 
 
 Berry smooth, 5-celled, cells 1 -seeded 
 
 Leaves lanceolate, revolute. Fruit a capsule, 5-celled, 
 cells many-seeded 
 
 Herbs. Corolla polypetalous. 
 Ovary superior. 
 
 Stamens 8 or 10, anthers opening transversely. Stigma 
 
 peltate. L. none, scales. Fl. in racemes, dull yellow . . 
 
 Stamens 10, anthers opening by pores. Stigma 5-lobed. 
 
 Leaves orbicular or ovate. Flowers in racemes or solitary, 
 
 white or pink 
 
 * (Bilberry, 
 \Cranberry. 
 
 2. Ling. 
 
 3. Heath. 
 
 4. Menziesia. 
 
 5. Azalea. 
 
 o /Strawberry- 
 6 -\ tree. 
 7. Bearberry. 
 Q /Wild Bose- 
 b '\ mary. 
 
 Q /Yellow Bird's- 
 y< \ nest. 
 
 10. Winter-green. 
 
 48, HOLLY FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 4 or 6. 
 Corolla-lobes 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5. (Stigmas minute 
 4 or 5.) Fruit fleshy, seeds stony 4 (or 6). Shrubs or 
 trees. 
 
 Flowers in axillary clusters. 
 Berry globular, scarlet. Leaves nearly entire or spinous 
 
 1. Holly.
 
 82 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 49. JASMINACE/L. 
 
 4orO 
 
 / LlGUSTRUM. 
 
 Cor. none 
 
 2. 
 
 50. APOCYNACEflL. 
 
 Kliieorpiup. 
 
 51. GENTIANACEyE. 
 
 tf.farS 
 
 *,*> \or\ 
 orS 
 
 JZ Kaeorpiup. 
 
 1. GENT i /MA. 
 
 Pl.pinkorred 
 
 . MENYANTHES. 
 
 to' 
 
 3. ERYTHRAA 
 
 4. ClCENDIA. 
 
 Fl.YeUorr 
 
 . LlMNANTHEMUM. 
 
 Stem L.* 
 
 6. CHLO'RA. 
 
 52. POLEMONIACE/t 
 
 I 
 
 fl. 
 
 /. POLEMONIUM. 
 
 53. CONVOLVULACE/t 
 
 SA (S 
 
 * -&ct-\ 
 
 L.none. Parasite 
 
 2. CUSCUTA.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 49. JESSAMINE FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, Inferior. Calyx-lobes 
 4 or 0. Corolla-lobes 4 or 0, valvate in the bud. 
 Stamens 2. Style 1 , stigma 2-lobed. Fruit a berry, 
 2-celled, cells 1- or 2-seeded ; or a samara, 1- or 2- 
 celled, cells 1-seeded. Shrubs or trees. 
 
 Shrubs. Corolla 4-lobed. Fruit a 
 Leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceol 
 Trees. Corolla none. Fruit a sa 
 cells 1-seeded. 
 Leaves pinnate, leaflets 7 to 11, 
 
 berry, 1- or 2-seeded. 
 ite 
 
 1. Privet. 
 
 mara, 1- or 2-celled, 
 serrate 
 
 2. Ash. 
 
 50. PERIWINKLE FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx- 
 lobes 5. Corolla-lobes 5. Stamens 5, filaments 
 bent. Stigma capitate, with a ring at the base. 
 Fruit 2 follicles. 
 
 Corolla salver-shaped, lobes oblique, blue or purple. 
 Prostrate herbs with opposite leaves. Leaves lanceo- 
 late or ovate 
 
 1. Periwinkle. 
 
 51. GENTIAN FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 4, 
 5, or 8. Corolla- lobes 4, 5, or 8. Stamens 4, 5, or 8. 
 Style 1, bifid or entire. Capsule 1- or 2-celled by in- 
 flexed margin of valves ; many -seeded. 
 
 Flowers blue or purple. 
 
 Stamens 5 or 4. Corolla funnel- or salver-shaped, 5- 
 
 or 4-lobed. 
 
 Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate or ovate .. . . 
 Flowers pink or red. (See No. 4.) 
 
 Stamens 5. Corolla 5'lobed, hairy within. 
 
 Water plants with ternate leaves 
 
 Stamens 5. Corolla 5-lobed, tube long. 
 
 Leaves opposite, varying from oblong to ovate 
 Flowers yellow. 
 
 Stamens 4. Corolla 4-lobed, tube long. 
 
 Leaves opposite, linear 'lanceolate 
 
 Stamens 5. Corolla 5-lobed, ciliated at the margin. 
 
 Leaves orbicular-cordate, floating 
 
 Stamens 8. Corolla 8-lobed. 
 
 Stem leaves connate . . 
 
 1. Gentian. 
 
 2 (Buckbean, 
 \Bogbean. 
 
 3. Centaury. 
 
 4. Gentianella. 
 
 5. Limnanth 
 
 6. Yellow-wort. 
 
 52. JACOB'S LADDER FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. 
 Calyx-lobes 5. Corolla-lobes 6. Stamens 
 5, unequal. Style 3-fid. Capsule 3- 
 celled, cells many-seeded. 
 
 Corolla rotate (tube very short), blue or white. 
 Flowers in a terminal panicle. Leaves pinnate 
 
 1. Jacob's Ladder. 
 
 53. CONVOLVULUS FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Sepals 
 or calyx-lobes 5. Corolla-lobes 5 (plaited in the 
 bud). Stamens 5. Style 1, bifid, or 2. Capsule 
 4-seeded, 1- or 2-celled. (Twining herbs.) 
 
 Style 1. Bracts 2, close to or distant from calyx. 
 Leaves ovate-sagittate, or sagittate with truncate 
 lobes, or reni form 
 Styles 2. Flowers in globular clusters. 
 Leaves none. Parasite 
 
 1 ( Convolvulus, 
 \Bindweed. 
 
 2. Dodder.
 
 8 4 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 54. 
 
 Cafy 
 
 & Spotted 
 
 T 
 qt 
 
 Mue.purp. 
 
 1. PULMON/R/A . 
 
 2. 
 
 3. ECH/UM. 
 
 4. LlTHOSPERMUM. 
 
 tStalesinbJx 
 
 Cor.yell.-frhite 
 
 J. SYMPHYTUM. 
 
 Corolla blue 
 
 6. BORA'GO. 
 
 Corolla blue 
 
 7. 
 
 Fntil ayx 
 
 8. ASPERU'GO. 
 
 9. CYNOGLOSSUM. 
 
 10. ANCHUSA. 
 
 / MYOSO'TJS. 
 
 55. SOLANACE/e. 
 
 L.aU. 
 
 Cor 
 
 Piu.or 
 
 ^Bluish 
 
 n 
 
 1. SOLA'NUM. 
 
 2. 
 
 CaJ,. 
 
 3. LYC'/VM. 
 
 Greaask 
 ' yfttotr 
 
 ma* 
 
 Plant 
 riscid 
 
 4-. HYOSCYAMUS. 
 
 5 DATURA.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 {Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferisr. Calyx-lobes 5. 
 Corolla-lobes 5. Stamens 5. Style 1, from the base] 
 of ovary. Ovary 4-lobed. Capsule separating into 4 
 l-seeded nuts. Leaves alternate. 
 
 Corolla with no scales in the tube. 
 Calyx tubular, toothed. 
 
 1. Lungwort. 
 
 2. Oyster Plant. 
 
 o /Viper's 
 '\ Bugloss. 
 4. Oromwell. 
 
 5. Comfrey. 
 6. Borage. 
 
 7. Bugloss. 
 
 8. Madwort. 
 P /Hound's- 
 v '\ tongue. 
 10. Alkanet. 
 .., /Forget-me-not, 
 \Scorpion-grass. 
 
 Calyx deeply 5-cleft, segments ovate. 
 Leaves ovate-acute, fleshy, glaucous 
 Calyx deeply 5-cleft, segments linear or lanceolate. 
 Corolla oblique, more or less irregular, blue 
 Corolla regular, white, yellow, blue, or purple 
 
 Corolla with scales in the tube. 
 Corolla tubular, with 5 small teeth. Scales lanceo- 
 late-subulate. 
 
 Corolla rotate ; anthers forming a cone in the centre. 
 
 Corolla funnel-shaped, with a slightly bent tube, and 
 rather oblique. 
 
 Corolla with a straight tube and regular spreading limb 
 Fruit pitted. Calyx-lobes with small teeth between 
 
 Fruit depressed, covered with hooked prickles 
 Fruit wrinkled. Flowers in spikes with bracts . . 
 Fruit smooth. Flowers in racemes without bracts 
 
 55. NIGHTSHADE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx- 
 lobes 5 or 2. Corolla-lobes 5. Stamens 5. Style 
 1 ; stigma simple or capitate. Fruit a 2- celled 
 berry or capsule, many-seeded. Leaves alternate. 
 
 Fruit an oblong or roundish berry. 
 
 Corolla rotate, purple or white ; anthers close together. 
 
 Flowers in drooping cymes, or in umbels 
 Corolla bell-shaped, purple. 
 
 Flowers solitary, axillary, on short stalks 
 Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short ; lobes patent ; bluish. 
 Anthers with woolly filaments. Calyx 2-lipped . . 
 Fruit a smooth capsule, opening transversely ; crowned 
 
 with persistent calyx. 
 Corolla funnel-shaped ; tube short ; lobes unequal ; 
 
 greenish-yellow, with purple veins .. 
 Flowers in one-sided leafy spikes. Plant viscid. 
 Fruit a prickly capsule, opening longitudinally; 4-valved, 
 
 cells 2, partially bipartite. Calyx deciduous. 
 Corolla funnel-shaped, angular, white. 
 
 Flowers solitary. Calyx tubular 
 
 1. Nightshade. 
 | D wale, 
 
 2. {Deadly Night- 
 ( shade. 
 
 3. Box-thorn. 
 
 4. Henbane. 
 
 5. Thorn-apple.
 
 86 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 56. OROBANCHACE/E. 
 
 Parasites 
 
 GA. War 
 
 1. 0/fOBANCHE. 
 
 Col. 
 
 n. 
 
 Jf0. Oft 
 
 2. 
 
 57. SCROPHULARIACE/E. 
 
 Col. 
 
 fl. bliu orpuik 
 
 1. I/E/fONfCA 
 
 Tl.yell.arwkite 
 
 F VMESSCR. DC 
 
 Tinker 
 \purp. 
 
 3. PED/CUL/IRIS 
 
 Yell. 
 
 Capsule 
 
 4. 
 
 Yea. or 
 
 MELAMPY'RUM. 
 
 6. BARTS//I. 
 
 White or 
 \ pink 
 
 7. 
 
 Fl.Maejmip.ayeO. 
 
 8. 
 
 flpinJspurpanrhitc 
 
 9. 
 
 Dullpurp. 
 f or yell. 
 
 JO. 
 
 Red, or 
 While 
 
 // 
 
 YM. 
 
 Jtose 
 
 73. L/MOSEL'LA.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 56, BROOMRAPE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla irregular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx- 
 lobes 2 or 4. Stamens 4, didynamous. Style 1, 
 stigma 2-lobed. Fruit capsular, 1-celled, with 
 many minute seeds, placentas 2 (or more) parietal. 
 Leaves none. Parasites. 
 
 Calyx deeply divided into 4 or 2 (n 
 Flowers in spikes. Parasite on h 
 
 Calyx with 4 broad short lobes. 
 Flowers in one-sided racemes. P 
 
 irely 5) lobes. 
 
 
 arasite on trees 
 
 2. Toothwort. 
 
 57, FIGWORT FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla irregular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 
 4 or 5. Stamens 4, didynamous, or 2 or 5. Style 1, 
 bifid. Fruit a capsule, 2-celled, cells many- or 2- 
 
 Stamens 2. 
 
 Calyx 4- (rarely 5-) lobed. 
 
 Corolla rotate, unequally 4-lobed, lower lobe the 
 smallest. Flowers pink or blue 
 
 Stamens 5, 2 or more hairy. 
 Calyx 5-lobed. 
 
 Corolla rotate or concave, lobes 5, unequal. Flowers 
 yellow or white 
 
 Stamens 4, didynamous. 
 
 Calyx with 2 to 5 irregular jagged lobes, unequal. 
 Corolla ringent, upper lip laterally compressed, 
 lower 3-fid, pink or purple. 
 
 Leaves pinnatifid 
 
 Calyx inflated after flowering, 4-toothed. 
 
 Corolla ringent, upper lip laterally compressed, 
 lower lip 3-lobed, yellow. Capsule blunt, cells 
 
 many-seeded 
 
 Calyx 4-lobed, or 4-toothed. 
 
 Corolla ringent, upper lip laterally compressed, 
 
 lower lip 3-fid, yellow or purple. 
 Capsule obliquely acuminate, cells 1- or 2-seeded 
 Corolla ringent, upper lip not laterally compressed, 
 
 yellow or purple. 
 
 Capsule acuminate, cells many-seeded 
 Corolla tubular, 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 
 lip 3-lobed, white or pink. 
 
 Capsule blunt, cells many-seeded 
 
 Calyx 5-lobed, or 5-toothed. 
 Corolla personate, spurred. 
 
 Flowers blue, purple, or yellow 
 
 Corolla personate, slightly gibbous at the base. 
 
 Flowers pink, purple, or white 
 
 Corolla globose, dull purple ol 1 yellow. 
 
 Stem 4-angled, rarely 5-angled 
 
 Corolla bell-shaped, oblique, red or white. 
 
 Flowers in a terminal spike. Leaves ovate . . 
 Corolla ringent, upper lip folded at the sides, yellow. 
 
 Stem leaves roundish-ovate, veined, opposite 
 Corolla bell-shaped, lobes equal, rose coloured. 
 
 Stem creeping. Leaves lanceolate-spathulate .. 
 Corolla rotate, lobes irregular, pink. 
 
 Leaves roundish-reniform, with a few broad lobes 
 
 1. Speedwell. 
 
 2. Mullein. 
 
 o /Red Rattle, 
 "'\Lousewort. 
 
 4. Yellow Battle 
 
 5. Cow-wheat. 
 
 6. Bartsia. 
 
 7. Eye-bright. 
 
 8. Toad-flax. 
 
 9. Snapdragon. 
 
 10. Figwort. 
 
 11. Foxglove. 
 
 12. Monkey-flower 
 
 13. Mudwort. 
 
 14. Moneywort.
 
 88 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 58. LABIATE. 
 
 for 
 
 \WhiU 
 
 'I.M 
 
 Col. 
 
 Nuts 
 
 Bets, 
 
 1. LYC'OPVS. 
 
 3. MENTHA. 
 
 Smooth 
 
 4 TEUCRJUM. 
 
 Do. 
 
 Roue) 
 
 5. 
 
 Col. 
 
 Purp. 
 
 6. THY'MUS. 
 
 17. \ThitK 
 
 7 MEL/SSA. 
 
 (SteJflli) 
 
 8. 
 
 Col. 16 ribs 
 
 . blue 
 pink arirfiite 
 
 9. NEP'ETA. 
 
 fO. 
 
 
 //. 
 
 clSriks 
 
 Fl-Wuc 
 
 purp. or pink 
 
 72. CALAM/NTHA . 
 
 Fl. larye, 
 while or p Me 
 
 /3. MEL/TT/S. 
 
 'hik 
 
 f4. Mfl/fRUBKSM. 
 
 fS. BJLLOTA. 
 
 Hairy 
 
 16. LA'M/UM. 
 
 Yellon- 
 
 16. Do. 
 
 Sttmi 
 
 12 LEO/VV'RI/S 
 
 I'Tatet 
 
 M> scales 
 
 18. ST/ICHYS. 
 
 Scabs 
 
 19. GALEOPSIS. 
 
 F.A-MUSCH.DtlT
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 58. LABIATE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla irregular, monopetalous, inferior. Stamens 4, 
 didynamous,or(rarely)2. Style 1, stigma bifid. Fruit 
 4-lobed, separating into 4 1-seeded nuts. Leaves oppo- 
 site. Stem square. 
 
 Stamens 2. 
 
 Corolla 4-lobed, nearly regular, white. 
 
 Calyx regular, 5-toothed. Nuts flat on the top . . 
 Corolla 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed. 
 
 Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip bifid. 
 
 Bracts cordate, acuminate 
 
 Stamens 4 distinct (not in pairs), not under the upper 
 
 lip of the corolla. (See No. 12.) 
 Corolla 4-lobed, nearly regular. 
 
 Calyx regular, 5-toothed. Flowers pink or purple 
 Corolla apparently with lower lip only. Upper lip 
 
 very small. 
 Upper lip distinctly bifid. Nuts smooth. 
 
 Flowers more or less secund 
 
 Upper lip very short, 2-lobed. Nuts rough. 
 
 Flowers not secund 
 
 Corolla 2-lipped, the lower lip 3-lobed. 
 
 Calyx 2-lipped, the upper lip 3-toothed, the lower bifid. 
 
 Flowers capitate, purple 
 
 Flowers in axillary secund whorls, white 
 Calyx with 5 nearly equal teeth. 
 
 Bracts many, imbricated, purple 
 
 Stamens 4 in pairs, under the upper lip of the corolla, 
 
 outer pair the shortest. 
 Calyx with 5 nearly equal teeth. 
 
 Calyx with 15 ribs. Flowers blue, pink, or white 
 Stamens 4 in pairs, under the upper lip of corolla, outer 
 
 pair the longest. (See No. 7.) 
 
 Calyx 2-lipped, both entire, a concave scale on the 
 upper lip. Flowers nearly sessile, opposite, in 
 
 axillary pairs, secund. Nuts stalked 
 
 Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip slightly 3-toothed, lower 
 lip bifid. Flowers in a dense terminal spike. Fila- 
 ments toothed below anther 
 
 Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip bifid, 
 13 ribs. Lower lip of corolla 3-lobed. Flowers 
 
 blue, purple, or pink 
 
 Calyx membranous, ample, 3-lobed, upper lip 2- to 3- 
 toothed. Lower lip of corolla 3-lobed. Flowers 
 
 large, white or pink 
 
 Calyx tubular, with 10 subulate hooked teeth. Stamens 
 
 within the tube of the white corolla. Nuts flat at the top 
 Calyx funnel-shaped, with 5 spreading, ovate, finely- 
 pointed, teeth. Lower lip of corolla 3-lobed, middle 
 lobe obcordate. Nuts rounded at the top 
 Calyx with 5 nearly equal teeth. 
 Nuts flat on the top. 
 Anthers hairy. 
 
 Lower lip of corolla 2-lobed, laterally toothed. 
 
 Flowers white, pink, or purple 
 
 Anthers glabrous. 
 
 Lower lip of corolla 3-lobed, upper lip long. 
 
 Flowers yellow 
 
 Lower lip of corolla 3-lobed, upper lip flat, 
 
 hairy. Stem leaves 3-lobed 
 
 Nuts rounded at the top. 
 
 Anthers with longitudinal valves. 
 
 Lower lip 3-lobed, no scales present .. ., 
 Anthers with transverse valves. 
 
 Lower lip 3-lobed, with 2 scales 
 
 1. Gipsy-wort. 
 
 2. Sage. 
 
 3. Mint. 
 
 4. Germander. 
 
 5. Bugle. 
 
 6. Thyme. 
 
 7. Balm. 
 
 8. Marjoram. 
 
 j rCat-Mint, 
 '\Ground-Ivy. 
 
 10. Skull-cap. 
 
 11. Self-heal. 
 
 . /Calamint, 
 ia -\Basil. 
 
 13. Bastard Balm, 
 
 White Hore- 
 hound. 
 
 , K /Black Hore- 
 15 -\ hound. 
 
 16. Dead-nettle. 
 
 16. Weasel-snout. 
 
 17. Motherwort. 
 
 18. Woundwort. 
 
 19. Hemp-nettle.
 
 9 o 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 59. VERBENACE/t. 
 
 Cor. ffA Lilac 
 
 I VERBENA. 
 
 60. LENTIBULARIACE/E 
 
 CaL Cor. 
 
 Ik* 
 
 /. P/NGUICULA. 
 
 2. UTRICULA'RIA. 
 
 61. PRIMULACE/e 
 
 L. 
 
 futk 
 
 Cap. 
 
 1. CENTUNCULUS. 
 
 Luac 
 
 n. 
 
 2. HOT TON! A. 
 
 Fl. 
 
 f 
 
 3. CYCLAMEN. 
 
 Yell. 
 
 I7.\ or 
 
 4. PRI'MULA. 
 
 Cap. 
 Bel. 
 
 5. SAMOLUS. 
 
 'to 
 
 Cor. none 
 
 6. GLAUX. 
 
 Yell 
 
 7 LYS/MACH//I. 
 
 Rfd 
 
 orbUie 
 
 Cap. 
 
 8. 
 
 f A. MLSSCR.DLL 
 
 9. TRIENTA'LIS.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 59, VERVAIN FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla irregular, tnonopetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 5. 
 Corolla-lobes 5. Stamens didynamous (2 long and 2 
 short). Style 1, bifid, from the top of ovary. Capsule 
 dividing into 4 1-seeded nuts. 
 
 Flowers in a slender spike. Corolla slightly irregular, 
 
 lilac. 
 Leaves opposite, lobed or toothed 
 
 1. Vervain. 
 
 60, BUTTERWORT FAMILY. 
 
 Corolla irregular, monopetalons, inferior. Calyx- 
 lobes 2 or 5. Stamens 2. Style short, thick ; 
 stigma 2-lipped, lips unequal. Capsule 1-celled, 
 many-seeded; placenta central. Marsh or 
 aquatic plants. 
 
 Leaves radical, oblong or ovate. 
 Calyx 2-lipped, upper lip 3-lobed, lower 2-lobed. 
 Corolla ringent, spurred. Fl. solitary, blue or straw- 
 
 1. Butterwort. 
 
 Leaves divided into capillary segments interspersed with 
 small bladders. Aquatic plants, floating. 
 Calyx 2-lipped, upper entire, lower notched. Corolla 
 personate, spurred. Flowers in racemes, yellow . . 
 
 2. Bladderwort. 
 
 61, PRIMROSE FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 
 4, 5, or 7. Stamens 4, 5, or 1, opposite to the corolla- 
 lobes. Style 1 ; stigma capitate. Capsule 1-celled, 
 many- (or few-) seeded ; placenta free, central. 
 
 Stamens 4. 
 
 Leaves alternate, ovate. 
 
 Corolla 4-lobed, pink. Capsule opening transversely 
 
 Stamens 5. 
 
 Leaves pectinate, submerged. 
 
 Corolla-lobes salver-shaped, lilac. Flowers whorled 
 Leaves radical, cordate-ovate, angular, dentate ; root- 
 stock tuberous. 
 Corolla-lobes closely reflexed over the tube, white. 
 
 Flowers solitary 
 
 Leaves radical, ovate or oblong, often wrinkled. 
 Corolla salver-shaped, tube long, lobes notched ; 
 yellow, pink, or lilac. Flowers solitary or in 
 
 umbels 
 
 Leaves alternate, obovate or roundish. 
 
 Corolla salver-shaped, with entire lobes and small 
 scales interposed. Capsule half inferior, bract on 
 
 pedicel 
 
 Leaves opposite, varying from lanceolate to ovate. 
 Corolla none. Calyx bell-shaped, pink, corolla-like 
 Corolla rotate, yellow. Capsule opening at the top 
 
 vertically 
 
 Corolla rotate or funnel-shaped, red, pink, or blue. 
 Capsule opening transversely 
 
 Stamens 7. 
 
 Upper leaves in an irregular whorl of 5 (or 6) obovate 
 
 or lanceolate leaves. 
 Corolla rotate, 7-lobed. Flowers 3 or 4 together 
 
 (Bastard Pim- 
 l.< pernel, 
 (Chaffweed. 
 
 /Water-violet, 
 ^'IFeatherfoil. 
 
 3. Sow-bread. 
 
 4. Primrose. 
 
 5. Brook-weed. 
 
 a /Sea Milkwort, 
 ' \Black Saltwort, 
 
 7. Loosestrife. 
 
 8. Pimpernel. 
 
 9. 
 
 (Chickweed 
 \Winter-green.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 62. PUUMBAGINACE*. 
 
 TI7 T' 
 
 vir Wr (j 
 
 
 1. STAT'/CE. 
 
 f 
 
 1 ~ sheath 
 
 2. ARME'RIA. 
 
 63. PLANTAGINACE/t. 
 
 artffmt* 
 
 /. PLA/VTAGO. 
 
 17. \ycltorish, 
 
 Z. L/TTOREL'LA. 
 
 64. AMARANTHACE*. (^ (d 9) ft I 
 
 /7. J8 areen 
 
 1. AMARANTH us. 
 
 65. CHENOPODIACE/t. 
 
 or 
 
 3 tern, n Sueeut 
 
 Frth. 
 
 SU/EDA. 
 
 Jecv 
 
 3. SAL'SOLA. 
 
 . ATR/PLEX. 
 
 L.Hat 
 
 . 
 
 S. CHENOPO'D/VM. 
 
 6. BETA. 
 
 F A.MtSat.K.DEI.T
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 93 
 
 _ _ _ / Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx tubular 
 89 THRIFT FAM||Y \ (Plicate). Corolla-lobesS. Stamens 5. Styles 5. Fruit 
 U L. 1 N m r iniflll.ii I. i-celled, 1-seeded. Leaves radical. 
 
 Styles 5, glabrous. 
 Leaves varying from lanceolate to ovate-spathulate. 
 Flowers in secund or dichotomous panicles, purple- 
 
 1. Sea Lavender. 
 2. Thrift, Sea-pink. 
 
 Styles 5, hairy at the base. 
 Leaves varying from linear to linear-lanceolate. 
 Flowers in a head, with a sheath beneath, pink .. 
 
 {Corolla regular, monopetalous, inferior. Calyx-lobes 
 4 or 3. Corolla-lobes 4. Stamena 4. Style 1. Cap- 
 sule 1- to 4-celled, cells 1-seeded; or 2-celled, cells 
 4- to 8-seeded. Leaves radical. 
 
 Hermaphrodite : Calyx 4-lobed. 
 Flowers in long or short spikes, pinkish. 
 Capsule 2- to 4-celled, cells 1-seeded ; or 2-celled, 
 
 .. (Plantain, 
 
 Male : Calyx 4-lobed. Female : Calyx 3-lobed. 
 Flowers solitary, yellowish. 
 Capsule l-celled, 1-seeded , .. .. 
 
 ' \Bib-grass. 
 2. Shore-weed. 
 
 _ . . _ / Perianth regular, calyx-like, inferior. Monoecious. 
 rm AMARANTH FAMHY \ Perianth-lobesS. Stamens 3. Stigmas 3. Cap- 
 U^. niHAnHNI TrtlVIILT, I sule l-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 Perianth 3-lobed. 
 Flowers in dense spikes or clusters. Leaves ovate .. 
 
 1. Amaranth. 
 
 65, GOOSEFOOT FAMILY, 
 
 Perianth regular, calyx-like, inferior. Hermaphro- 
 dite or monoecious. Perianth-lobes 5, 2, or 3. 
 Stamens 5, i, or 2. Styles 2 or 3. Fruit l-celled, 
 1-seeded, dry or fleshy. 
 
 Leaves none. 
 
 Stamens 1 or 2. Stem jointed, succulent . . . . 
 Leaves linear, nearly cylindrical in cross section. 
 
 Perianth 5-lobed, unaltered in fruit 
 
 Leaves subulate, prickly, semi-cylindrical in cross section. 
 
 Perianth in fruit encircled by a scarious wing. 
 
 Flowers solitary, sessile, in the axil of 3 floral 
 
 leaves or bracts .. .... ,, 
 
 Leaves flat. 
 
 Male : Perianth 5-lobed. Female : Perianth 2-lobed. 
 
 Perianth not fleshy in fruit 
 
 Hermaphrodite : Perianth 5-lobed. 
 
 Perianth not fleshy in fruit 
 
 Perianth fleshy in fruit, usually in pairs 
 
 j Glasswort , 
 
 1. \ Marsh Sam- 
 { phire. 
 
 2. Sea-blite. 
 
 3. Saltwort. 
 
 4. Orache. 
 
 5. Goosefoot, 
 
 6. Beet.
 
 94 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 66. 
 
 Prth. 
 
 I 
 
 /. RUM EX. 
 
 2. OXYR'J/I. 
 
 ]5 
 
 H 
 
 3. POLYG'ONUM. 
 
 
 4-. FAGOPYRI/M. 
 
 67 ElJEAGNACE^. 
 
 /'/At 
 
 Prlk. 
 
 Orange 
 colour 
 
 ,.ff/ Silre 
 
 n/ 
 
 /. H/PPOPHAE. 
 
 68. THYMELACEAL. 
 
 Jfed. or 
 
 L. 
 
 / DAPH'/VE. 
 
 69. SANTALACEAL. 
 
 A T' A 
 
 wf ^-' 
 
 / THE'S/UM. 
 
 70. ARISTOLOCHIACE/t^y (W \8orx * 
 
 C W "^ ^ ^^ 
 
 Yellotr 
 
 /. ARISTOLO'CH/A 
 
 (green. 
 
 T- 
 
 . AS'ARUM. 
 
 F. UCSIf K. Otl-r
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 95 
 
 1 Perianth regular, corolla-like or calyx-like, inferior Perianth- 
 lobes 4 to 6. Stamens 5 to 8. Styles or stigmas 2 or 3. 
 Fruit 1-ceUed, 1-seeded, usually triangular. Stipules 
 sheathing the stem. 
 
 Perianth 6-lobed, 3 inner lobes larger than the others. 
 Stamens 6. Styles 3, tufted. Fruit triangular. 
 
 1. Dock. 
 
 Perianth 4-lobed, 2 inner lobes larger than the others. 
 Stamens 6. Fruit compressed, winged. Stigmas 2, 
 tufted. 
 
 2. Mountain Sorrel. 
 
 j Persicaria, 
 3. -(Bistort, 
 {Knot-grass. 
 4. Buck- wheat. 
 
 Perianth 5-lobed, lobes equal. 
 Stamens 5 to 8. Styles 2 or 3. 
 
 Stamens 8. Styles 3. 
 Flowers in cymose panicles .. .. ., .. .. 
 
 
 67, SALLOW-THORN FAMILY. \ 
 
 Perianth regular, calyx-like, inferior. Dioe- 
 cious. Perianth-lobes 2. Stamens 4. Style 1. 
 Fruit a 1-seeded nut, enclosed in a fleshy 
 perianth. Shrubs. 
 
 Male flowers : Perianth of 2 segments. 
 Female flowers : Perianth tubular, cloven at the summit. 
 Berry orange-coloured. Leaves linear-lanceolate,"! 
 silvery / 
 
 , (Sallow-thorn. 
 \Sea Buckthorn. 
 
 nn _. _ i Perianth regular, corolla-like or calyx-like, inferior. 
 hn IIAPHNF rAMIIY \ Perianth-lobes 4. Stamens 8, in 2 rows. Style short, 
 UU, UttrTIIXt IttlVIILI, ( stigma capitate. Fruit a 1-seeded berry. Shrubs. 
 
 Perianth tubular, lobes 4-spreading, purple or green. 
 Berry red or blue-black. 
 Leaves lanceolate, narrowed below 
 
 1. Mezereon. 
 
 69, SANDALWOOD FAMILY, { 
 
 Perianth regular, corolla-like, superior. Perianth- 
 lobes 5. Stamens 5. Style 1. Fruit 1-celled, 
 1-seeded. 
 
 Perianth 5-lobed. Stamens 5, with a tuft of hairs. 
 Bracts 3, the middle one longest. Leaves linear 
 
 /Bastard Toad- 
 - flax. 
 
 .. -. ( Perianth regular, corolla-like, superior. Perianth- 
 711 nlRTHWORT rAMIIY \ Iobeslor3. Stamens 6 or 12. Style 1, stigma 
 UI1 IM1VIILI. i. e-rayed. Capsule 6-celled, cells many-seeded. 
 
 Perianth tubular, oblique, yellow. 
 
 1. Birth wort. 
 
 Perianth bell-shaped, 3-lobed, dull green. 
 
 
 
 
 H 2
 
 96 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 71. EMPETRACE/E 
 
 c?: 9 tf ^ 
 
 Ererureen 
 
 1. EM PET RUM. 
 
 72. EUPHORBIACE/E. 
 
 </-? 
 
 
 
 Mil* 
 
 2. EUPHORBIA. 
 
 Ercrqreen 
 
 3. BUXVS. 
 
 73. CERATOPHYLLACE/e. 
 
 S-iz 3 tarn 
 
 ??>o u 
 
 Prth. 
 S-iz 'lobes 
 
 Sta,7H. 
 
 / CERATOPHYL'LUM. 
 
 74. CALLITRICHACEyL 
 
 . nj 
 
 f p 
 
 T' X 
 
 / CALLITRICHC. 
 
 75. URTICACEAL 
 
 
 
 ffairs 
 
 1. PARIETAR/A. 
 
 DO. 
 
 r. A .MC1SEK. OtLT
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 97 
 
 71. CROWBERRY FAMILY, 
 
 Perianth regular, like a corolla and calyx, inferior. 
 Dioecious. Perianth-lobes like 3 sepals and 3 
 petals. Stamens 3. Style 1, stigma rayed. Fruit 
 a 9-seeded berry. Shrubs. 
 
 Stamens 3. Stigma 9-rayed. 
 
 Berry globose, black. Low evergreen shrubs 
 
 1. Crowberry. 
 
 1 Perianth or involucre regular, calyx-like, inferior. Male 
 or female. Perianth-lobes or involucre -lobes 3 to 5. 
 Stamens 1 to 36. Styles 2 or 3. Capsule 2- or 3-celled, 
 cells 1-seeded ; or 3-celled, cells 2-seeded. 
 
 Perianth 3-lobed. 
 Stamens 9 to 12. Styles 2. 
 Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled, cells 1-seeded. Herbs (not 
 
 1. Mercury 
 
 Perianth-like involucre 4- or 5-lobed. 
 Stamens 7 to 36. Styles 3, bifid. 
 Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled, cells 1-seeded. Milky herbs 
 Perianth of male : 3 sepals and 2 petals. Perianth of 
 female : 4 sepals and 3 petals. 
 Stamens 4. Styles 3. 
 Ovary 3-celled, cells 2-seeded. Evergreen shrubs . . 
 
 2. Spurge. 
 3. Box. 
 
 73. HORNWORT FAMILY. 
 
 Perianth regular, calyx-like, inferior. Monoecious. 
 Perianth-lobes 8 to 12. Stamens 12 to 20, sessile. 
 Style 1. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded. Submerged 
 herbs. 
 
 Perianth with 8-12 entire or notched lobes. 
 Anthers 12 to 20, oblong. Fruit 1-seeded. Leaves 
 
 1 Hornwort 
 
 
 
 74. WATER STARWORT FAMILY. 
 
 Perianth none. Monoecious. Bracts 
 2 or 0. Stamen 1. Styles 2. Ovary 
 4-lobed, 4-celled, cells 1-seeded, sepa- 
 rating in fruit. Aquatic herbs. 
 
 Stamen 1. Styles 2. 
 
 1. Water Starwort 
 
 
 
 75. NETTLE FAMILY, 
 
 Perianth regular, corolla-like or calyx-like, inferior. Male, 
 female, or hermaphrodite. Perianth-lobes 2 or 4. Sta- 
 mens 4. Stigma tufted, sessile, or on a style. Fruit 
 1-celled, 1-seeded. 
 
 Perianth 4-lobed. 
 Hairs simple. Leaves alternate, entire 
 
 Perianth of male 4-lobed, of female 2-lobed. 
 Hairs glandular stinging. Leaves opposite, toothed 
 
 1. Pellitory. 
 2. Nettle.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 76. CANNABINACE/t. d 1 (J>J 9 & tf: 
 
 
 1. HUMULUS. 
 
 77 ULMACE/L. 
 
 Of T* 
 
 Prlh 
 
 7' 
 
 /. UllMUS. 
 
 78. 
 
 "/! X* 
 
 /? 
 
 Prth. Scale 
 
 (j 
 
 fiiA 
 
 Setdx < 
 L.Tar. 
 
 2. BETULA. 
 
 3. S/ux. 
 
 4. MYR/CA. 
 
 S. POPVLUS. 
 
 <3onty 
 
 in 
 
 T-Y 
 
 6. CORYLUS. 
 
 f 
 
 7 
 
 . FA'GUS. 
 
 f 
 
 QUEffCUS. 
 
 r
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 99 
 
 __ _ / Male: Perianth regular, calyx-like. Female: Ovoid catkins. 
 7n HflP rAMIIY \ Dioecious. Perianth-lobes 5. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Leaves 
 1 U. II UT inmlL.Ii I stipulate. (Twining plants.) 
 
 Male : Perianth 5-lobed, spreading. Female : Catkin 
 ovoid, seed wrapped in scale-like perianth. 
 Leaves heart-shaped or 3- or 5-lobed, rough, stipulate 
 
 1. Hop. 
 
 77. ELM FAMILY, { 
 
 Perianth regular, corolla-like or calyx-like, inferior. Her- 
 maphrodite. Perianth-lobes 4 or 5. Stamens 4 or 5. Styles 2. 
 Fruit winged, 1-seeded. Trees. 
 
 Flowers clustered. Perianth bell-shaped, 4- or 5-lobed. 
 
 Leaves unequal at the base, doubly serrate, with 
 
 deciduous stipules 
 
 1. Elm. 
 
 78. CATKIN FAMILY. { 
 
 Male flowers in catkins. Female flowers in catkins, or 
 clustered, or solitary. Stamens 1 to 30. Styles 2 to 6. 
 Fruit 1 -celled, 1- or several-seeded. Trees or shrubs. 
 
 Males in catkins, and females in catkins. 
 Flowers monoecious. 
 
 Female catkins ascending, ovate. Stamens 4. Styles 2. 
 
 Perianth 4-lobed. Leaves roundish blunt.. 
 Female catkins pendulous or ascending, cylindrical. 
 
 Stamens 8 to 12. Styles 2. 
 Perianth none. Leaves broadly ovate or orbicular, 
 
 toothed 
 
 Flowers dioecious. 
 Catkins erect. 
 
 Stamens 2 (or rarely 1 or 3 to 5). Styles 2, bifid. 
 Perianth none. Scales entire and hairy. Seeds 
 
 hairy. Leaves various, usually narrow 
 Stamens 4 to 8. Stigmas 2. 
 
 Perianth none. Scales entire, glabrous. Leaves 
 
 lanceolate, toothed at top 
 
 Catkins pendulous. 
 
 Stamens 8 to 30. Styles 2, deeply bifid (rarely 
 
 3- to 4-lobed). 
 Perianth oblique. Scales jagged. Leaves ovate, 
 
 lobed, or broadly triangular 
 
 Males only in catkins. 
 Flowers monoscious. 
 
 Catkins cylindrical. Stamens 8. Styles 2. 
 Nuts in a jagged involucre. 
 
 Leaves obovate-cordate 
 
 Catkins loose. Stamens 5 to 14. Styles 2. 
 Nuts small, in a 3-lobed scale. 
 
 Leaves ovate-acute, doubly toothed .. .. 
 Catkins globular. Stamens 8 to 15. Styles 3. 
 Nuts enclosed in a prickly involucre. 
 
 Leaves ovate, obscurely toothed 
 
 Catkins slender, lax. Stamens 5 to 10. Style 3-lobed. 
 Nuts (acorns) in a cup-shaped involucre. 
 
 Leaves ovate-oblong, irregularly sinuate 
 Catkins long. Stamens 8 to 20. Stigmas 6. 
 
 Nuts enclosed in a prickly involucre. 
 Leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed 
 
 1. Alder. 
 
 2. Birch. 
 
 3. Willow. 
 
 4 ( Sweet-gale, 
 \Bog-myrtle. 
 
 5. Poplar. 
 
 6. Hazel. 
 
 7. Hornbeam. 
 
 8. Beech. 
 
 9. Oak. 
 
 10. Chestnut.
 
 IOO 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 79. 
 
 3 cab 
 
 fr. Seeds 
 
 Scale-, 
 
 2. JUNIPERUS. 
 
 dnthers- 
 Scalts- 
 
 3. TAX'US. 
 
 CLASS!!. ENDOGEN/t-. 
 
 80. TRILLIACE/E. 
 
 |, 
 
 Yettamsh 
 grew 
 
 Bluish 
 black 
 
 81. DlOSCOREACE/t.. 
 
 YeUS-green 
 
 r~M 
 
 Scarlet 
 
 82. HYDROCHARIDACEyt' 
 
 1. Afll A CHAR IS. 
 
 >?. HYDROCtJ/IRIS . 
 
 3. STRATIOTES.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 101 
 
 IMale flowers in cones. Female flowers in cones or solitary, 
 and berry-like in fruit. Anther-cells 2 to 6 ; or stamens many, 
 clustered. Seeds winged, or 1 to 3 enclosed in a succulent 
 involucre. Leaves subulate or linear. Trees or shrubs. 
 
 Leaves in pairs, subulate. 
 Anther-cells 2, adnate to the scales. 
 
 1. Pine, Fir 
 
 Leaves in whorls of 3, linear subulate, mucronate. 
 Anther-cells 4 to 7, inserted on the lower edge of scales. 
 Fruit like a 2- or 3-seeded berry . 
 
 2. Juniper. 
 3. Yew. 
 
 Leaves in 2 rows, crowded, linear acute. 
 Stamens 8 to 10, in a cluster at the top of catkin ; 
 scales below. 
 Fruit like a single-seeded berry . . . , . . . . 
 
 
 CLASS II. ENDOGEN8. 
 
 80, HERB-PARIS FAMILY, 
 
 Leaves net-veined. Perianth regular, calyx-like, 
 inferior. Hermaphrodite. Perianth-lobes 8. 
 Stamens 8. Styles 4. Fruit a 4-celled, many- 
 seeded berry. 
 
 Perianth 8-lobed, 4 inner narrower than the others, 
 
 yellowish-green. 
 Berry globose, bluish-black. Leaves usually 4 in a whorl 
 
 1. Herb-Paris. 
 
 ... .. _ / Leaves net-veined. Perianth regular, corolla-like or calyx-like, 
 m YAM rAMIIY \ superior. Dioecious. Perianth-lobes 6. Stamens 6. Style 1 ; 
 '">-' I stigmas 3. Fruit an imperfectly 3-celled berry, cells 2-seeded. 
 
 Perianth 6-lobed, yellowish-green. 
 Berry ovoid, scarlet. 
 Leaves cordate, shining. Flowers in axillary racemes 
 
 1. Black Bryony. 
 
 nr . r _ ( Corolla regular, polypetalous, superior. Dioecious. 
 n/ rROfi-RIT rAMIIY \ Sepals 3. Petals 3. Stamens 9 to 20. Styles 3, 
 U, inUU UN 1 MINI LI, 1 feathery; ore, bind. Floating or submerged plants. 
 
 Leaves oval-oblong, 3 in a whorl, submerged. 
 Stamens 9. Styles 3, feathery. 
 Capsule 1-celled, few-seeded ; placentas 3, parietal 
 Leaves orbicular, floating. 
 Stamens 9 to 12. Styles 6, bifid. 
 Capsule 6-celled, cells several-seeded, seeds on the 
 
 1. Water-Thyme. 
 2. Frog-bit. 
 3. Water-soldier. 
 
 Leaves sword-shaped, prickly-serrate. 
 Stamens 12 to 20. Styles 6, bifid. 
 Berry 6-celled, cells several-seeded, seeds on the 
 septa and immersed in mucus
 
 102 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 83. ORCHIDACE/e. 
 
 L.none 
 (tkcalht) 
 
 Lip 
 
 Lip 
 
 flpalnyell. 
 
 Ft ' ytlL-yreen 
 
 Fl. broirn 
 
 Hoot 
 
 1. EPIPOGUM . 
 
 2. CORALLORHfzA. 
 
 3. NEOTT/A. 
 
 Lip 
 
 Fl.pinJb 
 orpurp. 
 
 : JVEOTINEfi. 
 
 Lips rar. 
 
 FL. 
 spurred 
 
 Flpurp.ro.re 
 pwkonrfiite 
 
 5. ORCHIS. 
 
 Lip 
 
 Fl.rose 
 orpttrp. 
 
 6. 
 
 Lips 
 
 art 
 
 Fl.jrhite 
 orgreen 
 
 7. HA BEN ARM. 
 
 Orary 
 
 Fl. 
 
 Li, 
 ft, 
 
 Pink 
 straiyH 
 
 8. GOODYERA . 
 
 While 
 trislfd 
 
 9. 
 
 Lara-Lip 
 entire 
 
 Li * 
 
 10. CYPRIPE"D/UM. 
 
 Lip 
 aborc 
 
 Fl.yrecn 
 
 //. M/ILAX'/S. 
 
 stem 
 
 12. L/P/IR/S. 
 
 Cor. 
 green 
 
 .L.Z(or3) 
 on stem 
 
 13. 
 
 Green 
 yeli. 
 
 Fl. 
 
 I4-. ACER/IS. 
 
 Lit 
 
 Fl. vhite 
 
 Lonvrlip 
 lobed 
 
 15. CEPH/ILANTHEM. 
 
 Liptbrotm, 
 tpol<fwith 
 yeltorbliu 
 
 16. OPHRYS. 
 
 Yell, 
 \green 
 
 L.Zan 
 <f& jttem 
 
 17. L/STERA. 
 
 Fl.grun 
 purp or white 
 
 18. EPIPACTIS.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 103 
 
 . -. _ / Perianth irregular, corolla-like, superior. Perianth-lobes 6. 
 
 \ (jRflHIS rAMIIY < Stamens 1 or 2, on the style. Capsule 1-celled, with 3 
 it vmniiw ! mfcii ^ parietal placentas ; seeds very many, minute. 
 
 Leaves none (sheaths). 
 Flowers spurred. 
 Lip with the middle lobe above. Flowers few, pale yellow. 
 
 Kootstock many fleshy branches 
 
 Sepals lanceolate, acute. 
 Lip with the middle lobe below. Flowers yellow-green. 
 
 Eootstock many thick fleshy branches 
 
 Sepals broadly ovate, slightly acute. 
 
 Lip oblong, with 2 spreading lobes. Flowers brown. Root- 
 stock a dense mass of thick fleshy fibres 
 
 Flowers spurred. ' 
 Spur very minute. 
 
 Lip 3-lobed, middle lobe broad; lateral lobe linear, acute. 
 Flowers pink or purple. Rootstock 2 tubers with fibres 
 
 above .. .. .. .. 
 
 Spur from about i the length to about the length of the ovary. 
 Lips variously 3-lobed, rarely 1-lobed, lobes crenate or middle 
 lobe notched. Flowers rose, purple, pink, or white. Root- 
 stock 2 entire or palmate tubers with fibres above .. .. 
 Spur longer than the ovary. 
 Lip 3-lobed, lobes entire, obovate. Flowers rose or purple. 
 
 Rootstock 2 palmate tubers with fibres above 
 
 Spur very short, or longer than the ovary. 
 Lips linear, entire, or 2- or 3-lobed. 
 
 Flowers white or green. Rootstock 2 taper or palmate tubers 
 with fibres above, or variously thickened fibres 
 
 Lower lip entire (not spurred). 
 Ovary sessile. 
 Lip saccate. 
 Flowers pink on a straight spike. Rootstock creeping, with 
 
 a few fibres 
 
 Lip flat, channelled, fringed. 
 Flowers white, on a twisted spike. Rootstock 2 (or 3) 
 
 oblong tubers or cylindrical fibres 
 
 Ovary stalked. 
 
 Lip inflated (above 1 inch long). 
 Stamens 2. Flowers purple and yellow. 
 
 Rootstock fibrous 
 
 Lip above. 
 Flowers green. 
 
 Rootstock bulbous ; bulb above ground 
 
 Lip yellow, below or above. 
 Leaves 2 on stem. 
 Rootstock bulbous ; bulb at base 
 
 Lower lip lobed. 
 
 Ovary sessile, twisted. (See NOB. 4, 5, & 7.) 
 Corolla nearly regular, green ; petals 3-toothed. 
 Leaves 2 (or 3) on stem. Rootstock one tuber with fibres 
 
 above, and another tuber at the end of a fibre 
 
 Sepals converging, green. Lip 4-lobed, yellow. 
 Flowers in a leafless spike. Rootstock 2 tubers with fibres 
 
 above 
 
 Lip contracted in the middle, or lobed at the sides. 
 Flowers white or purple. (Petals and sepals converging.) 
 
 Rootstock fibrous 
 
 Ovary sessile, straight. 
 Lips variously lobed, velvety. 
 Lips brown, spotted with yellow or blue. 
 
 Rootstock 2 tubers with fibres above 
 
 Ovary stalked, straight (stalk twisted). 
 Lips 2- to 4-lobed, yellow-green. 
 Leaves 2 on stem. 
 
 Rootstock fibrous 
 
 Lips contracted in the middle. 
 Flowers green, purple, or white. 
 Rootstock creeping, fibres fleshy 
 
 1. Epipogum. 
 
 2. Coralroot. 
 
 3. Bird's-nest. 
 
 4. Neotinea. 
 
 5. Orchis. 
 
 R /Fragrant 
 -\ Orchis. 
 
 7. Frog Orchis. 
 
 8. Goodyera. 
 
 9. Lady's-tresses. 
 
 10. Lady's-slipper. 
 
 11. Bog Orchis. 
 
 12. Fen Orchis. 
 
 13. Musk Orchis. 
 
 14. Man Orchis. 
 
 15. Cephalanthera. 
 
 16. Insect Orchis. 
 
 17. Tway-blade. 
 
 18. Helleborine.
 
 104 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 84. IRIDACEAL. 
 
 Stiainas 
 
 / GLADIOLUS. 
 
 pitT-p. 
 
 2. I'RIS. 
 
 W 
 -y 
 
 3. CROCUS. 
 
 T 
 
 /sec. 
 .t - -v 
 
 4 TRICHONEMA. 
 
 /Stem. /Sc 
 
 6. SlSYRINCHIUM. 
 
 85. AMARYLLIDACE/t. 
 
 HI H 
 
 f. NflRClSSUS. 
 
 77 
 
 . GjLANTHUS. 
 
 white 
 
 3. LEUCO'JUM. 
 
 86. ALISMACE/E 
 
 ftilepurp Great 
 
 2. ALISMA. 
 
 3. ACTINOCARPUS. 
 
 , / Sec. 
 
 Vv* 
 
 V? 
 
 BUTOMUS. 
 
 Green 
 
 ! ScHEUCHZEftlfl. 
 
 ^ 
 
 6. TRIGLOCHIN.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 105 
 
 84, IRIS FAMILY, { 
 
 Perianth regular, corolla-like, superior. Perianth-lobes 6. Sta- 
 mens 3. Anthers facing outwards. Style 1, stigmas 3 
 dilated. Capsule 3-celled, cells many-seeded. Leaves linear. 
 
 Perianth irregular, sub-2-labiate, tube curved. 
 Stigmas 3, widening upwards, fringed. 
 
 Flowers in 1-sided spikes, red 
 
 Perianth segments, 3 reflexed and 3 erect. 
 Stigmas 3, large, petal-like, notched. 
 
 Flowers 2, 3, or several, yellow or purple 
 Perianth tube longer than the segments. 
 
 Stigmas 3, widening upwards, jagged or fringed. 
 
 Anthers entire or nearly so at the apex 
 Perianth tube very short. 
 
 Stigmas 3, bifid, lobes slender. 
 
 Leaves very narrow, channelled 
 
 Perianth tube very short, segments spreading. 
 Stigmas 3, filiform, undivided, rolled inwards. 
 Stamens united in a tube. Scape 2-edged . . 
 
 1. Gladiolus. 
 
 (Iris, 
 
 J.Flagr, 
 
 (Fleur de Lis. 
 
 3. Crocus. 
 
 4. Trichonema. 
 
 5. Blue-eyed-grass 
 
 {Perianth regular, corolla-like, superior. Perianth- 
 lobes 6. Stamens 6. Anthers facing inwards. Style 1, 
 stigma simple or 3-lobed. Capsule 3-celled, cells 
 many-seeded. Leaves linear. 
 
 Perianth with a short or long crown within. 
 Stigma 3-lobed. 
 Flowers solitary or 2 together, white or yellow . . 
 Perianth of 3 spreading segments, and 3 shorter, erect, 
 notched. 
 Anthers pointed at the apex. 
 
 i /Narcissus. 
 x> \Daffodil. 
 
 2. Snowdrop. 
 
 Perianth of 6 equal segments. 
 Anthers notched at the apex. 
 
 3. Snowflake. 
 
 86, WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY, 
 
 Corolla polypetalous, or perianth corolla- 
 like or calyx-like; regular, inferior. 
 Sepals 3 and petals 3, or perianth-lobes 
 6. Stamens 6, 9, or many. Ovaries 3, 
 6, or many. 
 
 Petals 3 pale purple, and sepals 3 green. 
 Monoecious. Stamens many. 
 
 Fruit of many l-seeded carpels, arranged in a head. 
 
 Leaves sagittate 
 
 Hermaphrodite. Stamens 6. 
 
 Fruit of many l-seeded carpels, in a ring or head. 
 
 Leaves linear, lanceolate, or ovate 
 
 Fruit of 6 to 8 2-seeded carpels, connate at base. 
 
 Leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse 
 
 Perianth of 6 equal segments, rose-coloured. 
 Stamens 9. Flowers in umbels. 
 Fruit of 6 many-seeded carpels. 
 
 Leaves linear, trigonous in cross section . . 
 
 Perianth of 6 equal segments, green. 
 
 Stamens 6. Flowers about 5 in a raceme. 
 Fruit of 3 1- or 2-seeded carpels. 
 
 Leaves linear, semi-cylindrical in cross section . . 
 Stamens 6. Flowers in a spike or raceme. 
 Fruit of 3 or 6 l-seeded carpels. 
 
 Leaves linear, semi-cylindrical in cross section . . 
 
 1. Arrow-head. 
 
 2. Water-Plantain 
 a /Thrum wort, 
 
 ' \Star-fruit. 
 
 4 /Flowering 
 \ Bush. 
 
 5. Scheuchzeria. 
 
 6. Arrow-grass.
 
 io6 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 87 ASPARAGACEAL 
 
 Z. 
 
 /. Ruse us. 
 
 71. 
 
 L.Z 
 
 2. SMILACINA. 
 
 Fl. 
 
 3. 
 
 Slem\ 
 
 T)o.\ 
 
 4-. ASPARAGUS. 
 
 6. POLYGONATUM. 
 
 88. LiLiACE/t. 
 
 A |. n A'X 4 
 
 ' (J <J ^, 
 
 \ o 
 
 Yell. 
 
 Purppink 
 or wile 
 
 Fi'lh.seq. 
 
 bcb green 
 
 / LLOYD/ A. 
 
 2. TUL/PA. 
 
 3. FRITJLLAR//I. 
 
 4. GrAGEA. 
 
 *?* j S. ALLIUM. 
 
 $ oul 
 
 Blue 
 
 77. 
 
 Blue orpurp. 
 
 n'fiU.6 inside. 
 green outside. 
 
 6. MUSCAPI. 
 
 7 EN DY MI ON. 
 
 8. L ILIUM. 
 
 9. SciLLA. 
 
 10. ORNITHOGALUM . 
 
 ftTtite inside. 
 purp outside. 
 
 11, SlMETHJS.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 107 
 
 87. ASPARAGUS FAMILY, 
 
 Perianth regular, corolla-like, inferior. Perianth- 
 lobes 6 or 4. Stamens 6 or 4. Anthers facing 
 inwards. Style 1, stigmas 1 or 3. Fruit a berry, 
 with 1 or 2 1-seeded cells, or 3 2-seeded cells. 
 Rhizome creeping. 
 
 Flowers on the leaves (really on the flattened shoots). 
 Perianth of 6 spreading segments. 
 
 Shrubby, branched. Leaves (so called) ovate, stiff, 
 
 prickly 
 
 Flowers in racemes, pedicels usually clustered. 
 Perianth of 4 spreading segments. 
 
 Stamens 4. Leaves 2, ovate-cordate 
 
 Flowers in loose racemes, drooping. 
 
 Perianth globose, bell-shaped, 6-toothed. 
 
 Pure white. Leaves 2, ovate-lanceolate 
 Flowers 1, 2, 3, or 4 together, drooping. 
 
 Perianth tubular, bell-shaped, of 6 segments. 
 
 Stem branched. Leaves setaceous, clustered 
 Perianth tubular, 6-toothed. 
 
 Stem simple. Leaves varying from lanceolate to 
 ovate 
 
 ., ("Butcher's 
 1 Broom. 
 
 2. Smilacina. 
 
 o /Lily of the 
 d -\ Valley. 
 
 4. Asparagus. 
 
 5. Solomon's Seal. 
 
 LILY FAMILY, 
 
 Perianth regular, corolla-like, inferior. Perianth-lobes 6. 
 Stamens 6. Anthers facing inwards. Style 1, stigmas 1 
 or 3. Fruit a 3-celled capsule, cells many-seeded. Root- 
 stock bulbous. 
 
 Flowers solitary. 
 
 Perianth spreading, white (with reddish lines). 
 
 Leaves filiform, semi-cylindrical 
 
 Perianth bell-shaped, yellow. 
 
 Leaves linear-lanceolate 
 
 Perianth bell-shaped, chequered, purple. 
 
 Segments with a pore at the base 
 
 Flowers in umbels or heads. 
 Perianth spreading, yellow. 
 
 Flowers 3 or 4 together, in umbels. 
 
 Bracts green 
 
 Perianth rather spreading, purple, pink, or white. 
 Flowers many, in umbels or heads. 
 Bracts scarious 
 
 Flowers in lax or dense racemes, or in corymbs. 
 Perianth globose, toothed, blue. 
 
 Flowers in a dense raceme 
 
 Perianth tubular, bell-shaped, blue or purple. 
 
 Flowers in a drooping raceme 
 
 Perianth with reflexed segments, purple, spotted. 
 
 Flowers few, drooping 
 
 Perianth with spreading segments. 
 
 Blue or purple 
 
 White inside, green outside 
 
 Flowers in panicles. , 
 
 Perianth with spreading segments. 
 
 White inside, purple outside. Filaments woolly 
 
 1. Spiderwort. 
 
 2. Tulip. 
 
 3. Fritillary. 
 
 /Yellow Star of 
 \ Bethlehem. 
 
 5. Garlic. 
 
 a /Grape Hya- 
 -\ cinth. 
 
 /Wild Hyacinth, 
 7 -\Blue-bell. 
 
 8. Lily. 
 
 9. Squill. 
 , n /Star of Beth- 
 10 '\ lehem. 
 
 11. Simethis.
 
 io8 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 89. MELANTHACE/E. 
 
 A 
 
 Jtoo 
 
 / NARTHECIUM. 
 
 9 
 
 trftile 
 
 '*tf7^ 
 
 2. TOFIELDIA. 
 
 3. COI^CHICUM. 
 
 90. JUNCACE*. 
 
 L.sec. 
 
 I 
 
 2 Lt/ZULA. 
 
 91. ERiocAULACE/e. (^9) 
 
 *7 W Leaden 
 fc - \ colour 
 
 / ERIOCAU'LON. 
 
 92. TYPHACE/E 
 
 7< 
 
 T 
 
 L.3-e feet long 
 
 ..ffl^feetlony 2. SPARGfl'NIUM . 
 
 M 
 
 93. ARACE/EL. 
 
 Q 
 
 Slam. 
 
 /Spetthe 
 
 Spadix\ ; 
 
 Prth.CLL* 
 
 / A'RUM 
 
 Do 
 
 Do. 
 
 MO. 
 
 2. A COR us. 
 
 94-. LEMNACE/t 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Stam. 
 
 SpalheO. 
 
 / WOLFF/A 
 
 MCSStR. OU.T 
 
 2.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 109 
 
 89. MEADOW-SAFFRON FAMILY. 
 
 Perianth regular, corolla-like, inferior; 
 lobes 6. Stamens 6. Styles 3 or 1. Fruit 
 a 3-celled capsule; or separating into 
 3 1-celled follicles ; cells many-seeded. 
 
 Stamens 6, filaments woolly. 
 Style 1. 
 Perianth spreading, yellow. Rootstock creeping . . . . . . 
 Stamens 6, filaments glabrous. 
 Styles 3, short. 
 Perianth small, yellowish-white. Rootstock creeping .. .. 
 Styles 3, very long. 
 Perianth with a very long tube, purple. Conn coated . . 
 
 1. Bog-Asphodel. 
 
 (Scottish Aspho- 
 ^\ del. 
 3. Meadow-saflron. 
 
 rt _ _ _ ( Perianth regular, calyx-like, inferior ; lobes 6. Stamens 6 or 3. 
 41 1 HllQH rAMII V \ Style 1, stigmas 3. Capsule 3-celled, cells many-seeded; 
 UU. 11 VOI1 HILL 1 or 1-celled, with dissepiments, 3-seeded. 
 
 Leaves glabrous. 
 Leaves in section circular or semicircular. 
 
 1. Bush. 
 2. Wood-rush. 
 
 Leaves hairy (rarely glabrous). 
 Leaves in section flat or V-shaped. 
 Capsule 1-celled, with dissepiments, 3-seeded 
 
 91, PIPEWORT FAMILY. 
 
 Perianth regular, calyx-like, inferior. Monoecious. 
 Perianth-lobes 4. Stamens 4. Style short, stigmas 
 2, long. Capsule 2-lobed, 2-celled, cells 1 -seeded. 
 Marsh plants, with radical leaves. 
 
 Flowers in heads, leaden colour. 
 Male : Perianth 4-lobed, 2 inner lobes united nearly to the top. 
 Female : Perianth 4-lobed, deeply divided. Leaves subulate 
 
 1, Pipewort. 
 
 92. BULRUSH FAMILY. { 
 
 Perianth none (reduced to hairs) ; or regular, calyx-like, 
 inferior. Monoecious. Perianth of 3 hairs, or 3 or 4 
 lobes. Stamens 3, united or free. Style 1. Fruit 
 1-celled, l-seeded. Aquatic plants. 
 
 Flowers in cylindrical spikes. 
 Stamens 3, united. 
 Leaves linear, 3 to 6 feet long 
 Flowers in globular heads ; inflorescence 
 Stamens 3, free. 
 Leaves linear, 1 to 4 feet long 
 
 
 Bulrush, 
 1. Reed-mace, 
 Cat's-tail. 
 2. Bur-reed. 
 
 simple or branched. 
 
 93. ARUM FAMILY. 
 
 Perianth none; or regular, calyx-like, inferior. Monoecious 
 or hermaphrodite. Perianth-lobes or 6. Stamens many, 
 crowded, sessile ; or 6 with free filaments. Stigma sessile. 
 Fruit a berry; 1-celled, 2- to 4-seeded; or 3-celled, cells 
 many-seeded. 
 
 Spathe ventricose, contracted in the middle 
 Spadix club-shaped ; female flowers at base ; male flowers a little 
 above them. 
 Perianth none. Leaves hastate. Berry 1-celled, 2- to 4-seeded. 
 Spathe long, leaf-like. 
 Spadix dense, lateral. 
 Perianth 6-lobed. Leaves long, linear. Berry 2- or 3-celled, 
 cells many-seeded 
 
 j Cuckoo-pint, 
 1. 1 Lords and 
 ( Ladies. 
 
 2. Sweet Flag. 
 
 94. DUCKWEED FAMILY. 
 
 Flowers with or without spathes. Monoecious. Peri- 
 anth none. Stamens 1 or 2, with or without 
 filaments. Style 1. Floating or submerged plants, 
 with leaf-like fronds. 
 
 Fronds very Email, sub-globose, rootless. 
 Stamen 1 ; anther 1-celled, sessile. Sps 
 Fronds obovate or elliptic-lanceolate, wit 
 Stamens 1 or 2, anthers 2-celled, will 
 shaped 
 
 
 1. Wolffia. 
 2. Duckweed. 
 
 i roots beneath, 
 filaments. Spathe urn- 
 

 
 no 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 96. NAiADACE/e. 
 
 f 
 Ii 
 
 
 1. N/ii/is. 
 
 2. ZOSTER A. 
 
 97 CYPERACE/E. 
 
 H 
 
 2 KOBRESIA. 
 
 Stem 
 
 3. SCHOE/VL/S. 
 
 77. 
 
 4. CYPERUS. 
 
 f'r. 
 
 5. ERIOPH'ORUM. 
 
 6. ELEOCHAR/S. 
 
 V 
 
 7. RHYNCHOSPORA 
 
 8. BLYSMVS. 
 
 9. 
 
 I 
 
 10. 1 SOLE PIS. 
 
 //. CLADIUM. 
 
 r A. Mtssc/i D<-.L
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 in 
 
 95. PONDWEED FAMILY. 
 
 Perianth regular, calyx-like, inferior ; or none. Her- 
 maphrodite or monoecious. Stamens 4, 2, or 1 ; 
 with or without filaments. Ovaries 4, distinct, 
 stigmas sessile. Fruit 4 drupes or 4 nuts, each 
 1-seeded. Aquatic plants. 
 
 Monoecious. 
 Stamen 1. Perianth in female, oblique, cup-shaped, 
 in male wanting. Flowers axillary, sessile .. 
 Hermaphrodite. 
 Stamens 2, anthers nearly sessile. Perianth wanting. 
 Flowers usually 2, on an axillary peduncle 
 Stamens 4, anthers sessile. Perianth 4-lobed. 
 Flowers in spikes .. .. .. .. .. . . . . 
 
 , /Horned-Pond- 
 M weed. 
 
 2 fTassel-Pond- 
 \ weed. 
 
 3. Pondweed. 
 
 
 96. NAIAD FAMILY. 
 
 Flowers in spathes or in the axils of the leaves. Monoecious 
 or dioecious. Perianth none. Stamen 1, with or without 
 a filament. Style 1, stigmas 2 to 4. Fruit 1-ceUed, 
 1 -seeded. Leaves linear. Aquatic plants. 
 
 Stamen 1, filament ultima 
 stigmas 3 or 4. 
 Stamens and pistils solita 
 Leaves ternate or oppos 
 Stamen 1, sessile. Style 1, 
 Stamens and pistils in 2 ro 
 
 tely elongating. Style 1, 
 ry, in the axils of the leaves. 
 
 1. Naiad. 
 
 stigmas 2. 
 ws, on a spadix. L. alternate 
 
 2. Grass-wrack. 
 
 97. SEDGE FAMILY. 
 
 Flowers arranged in spikelets of imbricated bracts (glumes). 
 Each flower in the axil of one glume ; monoecious or her- 
 maphrodite. Stamens 3 or 2 ; anthers erect, entire at the 
 apex. Style simple, bifid or trifid. Embryo enclosed 
 within albumen. Stem solid, triangular or round. Sheath 
 of leaf entire. 
 
 Flowers monoecious. 
 
 Ovary enclosed in a vase-shaped tunic. 
 
 Stamens 3. Style 1, stigmas 2 or 3 
 
 Ovary partially enclosed in a scale. 
 
 Upper flowers male. Lower flowers female . . . . 
 Glumes in each spikelet arranged in 2 opposite rows. 
 Spikelets 2- to 4-flowered. 
 
 Stem round. Spikelets in terminal heads 
 Spikelets many-flowered. 
 
 Stem triangular. Spikelets in compound or simple 
 
 umbels 
 
 Glumes in each spikelet imbricated all round the axis. 
 Bristles ultimately far exceeding the glumes. 
 Fruit trigonous. 
 
 Spikelets solitary or umbellate 
 
 Bristles not equalling the glumes. 
 Base of style dilated. 
 
 Spikelets terminal, solitary 
 
 Spikelets in clusters 
 
 Base of style filiform. 
 
 Spikelets in a terminal spike, arranged in 2 
 
 opposite rows 
 
 Spikelets in simple or compound clusters, umbels, 
 
 or panicles 
 
 Bristles none. 
 
 Base of style filiform. 
 
 Spikelets 1 or 2 together, or in clustered globular 
 
 heads 
 
 Base of style conical. 
 
 Spikelets in compound panicles 
 
 1. Sedge. 
 
 2. Kobresia. 
 
 3. Bog-rush. 
 
 4. Galingale. 
 
 5. Cotton-grass. 
 
 6. Spike-rush. 
 
 7. Beak-rush. 
 
 8. Blysmus 
 
 9. Club-rush. 
 
 10. Do. 
 
 11. Twig-rush. 
 
 i 2
 
 112 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 98. GRAMINE/E. 
 
 1*fr v ( WlTH 1 PERFECT FLOWER (OFTEN ACCOMPANIED url OR 2 RUOIMEMTARY FLOWERS). 
 
 Gl. LovpaL 
 
 Jtachis 
 
 Spike 
 
 / LEPTURI/S. 
 
 t 
 
 F.A.MIMII1.D11.T 
 
 2. HORDEUM. 
 
 I.oirpal. 
 
 3. 
 
 paL 
 
 4. POLYPOGON. 
 
 Low.paZ. 
 
 6. PHLEUM. 
 
 5. Do. 
 
 Loir. pal. 
 
 7. SETJX/J. 
 
 8. Ps AM MA. 
 
 8. Do. 
 
 Low.pal. 
 
 M 
 
 9. /iLOPECVffUS. 
 
 10. /INTHOXAN'THUM. 
 
 - 
 
 11. GASTR/D/UM. 
 
 (Continued.)
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 98. GRASS FAMILY. 
 
 Flowers arranged In spikelets composed of bracts (glumes 
 and paleae), imbricated in 2 opposite rows. Each 
 flower enclosed In 2 bracts. Hermaphrodite or monoe- 
 cious. Stamens usually 3 (rarely 1 or 6) ; anthers ver- 
 satile, notched at both ends. Styles 2 (rarely 1 or 3), 
 feathery. Embryo on the outside of albumen. Stem 
 hollow and knotted. Sheath of leaf split. 
 
 iSTLY 
 
 SPIKELETS WITH 1 PERFECT FLOWER (OFTEN 
 
 ACCOMPANIED BY 1 OR 2 RUDIMENTARY FLOWERS). 
 
 Spikelets on a slender spike (not secund). 
 
 Glumes* and lower (or outer) palese* both awnless. 
 Spikelets quite imbedded in alternate sides of the 
 
 rachis. 
 Glumes equal. Spike cylindrical 
 
 Spikelets in an ovoid or cylindrical dense spike or spike- 
 like panicle (not secund). 
 Glumes awned. 
 
 Lower (or outer) paleae awned. 
 
 Glume awl-shaped or lanceolate. Spike sub- 
 cylindrical 
 
 Glume ending in a long fringed bristle. 
 
 Lower palea ending in 2 long bristles, and a 
 dorsal-bent awn. Panicle spike-like, ovoid 
 Glume notched, awned beneath the tip. 
 
 Lower palea notched, awned beneath the tip. 
 Panicle spike-like, cylindrical or branched . . 
 Lower (or outer) palese awnless. 
 
 Glumes truncate with a short awn or seta. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, ovoid or cylindrical .. .. 
 Glumes awnless. 
 
 Lower (or outer) paleae awnless. 
 Glumes lanceolate. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, ovoid or cylindrical .. .. 
 Glumes boat-shaped, strongly keeled. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, ovoid 
 
 Spikelet dorsally compressed, surrounded by an 
 involucre of bristles. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, cylindrical 
 
 Lower palea with a very short awn, and hairs at 
 
 the base. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, both ends tapered 
 Lower (or outer) palese awned. 
 
 Lower palea with a very short awn, and hairs at 
 
 the base. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, both ends tapered 
 Glumes equal, or nearly so ; more or less connate 
 below. Palea 1, awned at the back. Styles 
 long, connate below. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, oblong or cylindrical ., 
 Glumes very unequal. Stamens 2. 
 
 Panicle spike-like, tapering 
 
 Glumes nearly equal, swollen and polished at the 
 
 base. 
 Panicle close spike-like 
 
 * The parts here called "glumes" are by some authors termed 
 " barren glumes " ; the " lower (or outer) paleas," " flowering 
 glumes " ; and the " upper (or inner) paleae," " paleae." 
 
 (Continwd.') 
 
 1. Hard-grass. 
 
 2. Barley. 
 
 o (Hare's-tail- 
 ""\ grass. 
 
 4. Beard-grass. 
 
 5. Cat's-tail-grass 
 
 5. Do. 
 
 6. Canary-grass. 
 
 7. Brittle-grass. 
 
 8. Marram. 
 
 8. Do. 
 
 9. Fox-tail-grass. 
 
 10. Vernal-grass. 
 
 11. Nit-grass.
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 or 
 
 Gl.none 
 
 Y 
 
 ?. WARD us. 
 
 f3. 
 
 V 
 
 J4-. CY/V'ODO/V. 
 
 15. DlGITARI/1. 
 
 z-s^Spika 
 
 Y 
 
 16. <S PART/ MA. 
 
 I 
 
 y 
 
 17. ECHJtVOCHLO/l. 
 
 Gl. none 
 
 18 LEERS/A. 
 
 19. MELICA. 
 
 
 
 L<w.pal. 
 
 Gl. 
 
 20. M ILIUM. 
 
 21. DlGRAPH/S. 
 
 
 LiHr. 
 
 Gl. 
 
 22. Do. 
 
 Low.pal. 
 
 Up : 
 Gl. 
 
 23. APEX/I. 
 
 24. CAL/IMAGROSTIS. 
 
 F A.MUtU. DU.T 
 
 (Continued.)
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 Spikelets secund (on one side of rachis). Spike simple. 
 Paleae 2, lower tapering into a subulate point. 
 
 Glume none. Style simple ; stigma filiform, hairy 
 Paleae 2 (or 1), scarious, very hairy. 
 
 Glumes 2, blunt. Styles 2, long ; stigmas slender, 
 hairy 
 
 Spikelets secund. Spikes digitate. 
 Spikelets in two rows, on one side of a convex rachis. 
 
 Glumes nearly equal, patent. Styles separate 
 Spikelets in unequally pedicelled pairs, on one side of 
 
 the flattened rachis. 
 
 Glumes very unequal, upper strongly veined, palea 
 of sterile flower like upper glume. Styles 
 terminal .. .. .. 
 
 Spikelets secund. Spikes 2- to many-branched. 
 Spikes 2 to 8, erect. 
 
 Glumes unequal, pointed. Styles united below . . 
 
 Spikes com pound, secund in the whole, and in each part. 
 
 Glumes very unequal, upper pointed or rigidly 
 
 awned ; lower or outer palea of sterile flower 
 
 like upper glume. Styles separate . . . . . . 
 
 Spikelets in a lax panicle. 
 
 Lower (or outer) paleae awnless. 
 Glumes none. 
 
 Pales 2, like parchment, compressed, keeled . . 
 Glumes as long as the flowers. 
 
 Glumes nearly equal, purple 
 
 Glumes nearly equal, green 
 
 Glumes longer than the flowers. 
 
 Paleae nearly equal, hairs at base. Styles long . . 
 Paleae unequal, hairs at base. Styles short 
 Lower (or outer) paleae, awned. 
 
 Lower palea with an awn once or twice its length. 
 
 Upper glume smaller than the lower glume 
 Lower palea with an awn 3 to 4 times its length. 
 
 Upper glume larger than the lower glume . . 
 Lower palea with an awn about J its length, and 
 
 hairs at the base. 
 Upper glume nearly equal to the lower glume . . 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 12. Mat-grass. 
 
 13. Chamagrostis. 
 
 Dog's-tooth- 
 grass. 
 
 15. Finger-grass. 
 
 16. Cord-grass. 
 
 17. Fanick-grass. 
 
 18. Cut-grass. 
 
 19. Melick. 
 
 20. Millet-grass. 
 
 21. Digraphis. 
 
 22. Bent- grass. 
 
 22. Do. 
 
 23. Wind-grass. 
 
 24. Small-reed.
 
 n6 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 WlTH 2 TO 20 FLOWERS ^OMETIMSOmylPmCTANDloR2MALEFUWfl^ 
 
 Y 
 
 -V- 
 
 26. KOELERM. 
 
 27. CYA/OSURUS. 
 
 27. Do. 
 
 Jtachij 
 
 28. LdLiuM. 
 
 40. SCLEROCMLO/f. 
 
 39. FE-STUCA. 
 
 Kackit 
 
 
 29. TRITICUM. 
 
 30. BRACHYPODIUM. 
 
 3f. ELYMUS. 
 
 Gl.purp. 
 
 19. MELICA. 
 
 Gl.yree 
 
 
 32 TR/OD/A. 
 
 ( ' Cotit-inaeel.)
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 117 
 
 2 N ?!- Y SPIKELETS WITH 2 TO 20 FLOWERS (SOMETIMES ONLY 
 
 1 PERFECT AND 1 OR 2 MALE FLOWERS). 
 
 Spikelets clustered into an ovoid, or cylindrical, spike- 
 like panicle. 
 Styles long, filiform. 
 
 Glumes nearly equal, toothed. Bracts .rounded- 
 heart-shaped . , ' 
 
 Styles feathery. 
 
 Glumes unequal. Bracts none 
 
 Glumes nearly equal. Bracts comb-like 
 Spikelets sessile, or nearly so, in a simple spike. 
 Spikelets one in each notch, set edgeways to rachis. 
 Spike secund. 
 
 Bracts comb-like 
 
 Glume 1 only. 
 
 Rachis deeply notched 
 
 Glumes 2. 
 
 Lower (or outer) palea veins parallel 
 Lower (or outer) palea veins converging . . . . 
 Spikelets one in each notch, set with their breadth to 
 
 rachis. 
 Glumes nearly equal. Rachis deeply notched. 
 
 Spikelets ovate-lanceolate 
 
 Glumes unequal. Rachis not indented. Spikelets 
 
 linear-lanceolate 
 
 Spikelets 2 (or 3) in each notch of the rachis. 
 
 Glumes equal, as long as the flowers 
 
 Spikelets in a secund raceme. 
 
 Glumes as long as the flowers. Flowers 2, and 1 or 2 
 
 rudiments. 
 
 Glumes purple. Lower (or outer) palea entire . . 
 Spikelets in a racemose panicle. 
 Glumes as long as the flowers. Flowers 3 or 4. 
 Glumes green. Lower (or outer) palea notched . . 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 25. Moor-grass. 
 
 ogj Crested Hair- 
 
 '\ grass. 
 
 27 fDog's-tail- 
 
 *'\ grass. 
 
 87. Do. 
 
 28 /5 arnel > 
 \Rye-grass. 
 
 40. Sclerochloa. 
 39. Fescue-grass. 
 
 29. Wheat-grass. 
 
 30 
 
 ('False Brome- 
 
 \ grass. 
 
 31. Ly me -grass. 
 
 19. Melick. 
 
 32. Heath-grass.
 
 n8 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 Lad/pal. 
 
 Lor.pal. 
 
 Low.pal. 
 
 TUlort 
 
 FL420 
 
 Fl. 2-4 
 
 Fl.4-20 
 
 Gi. 
 
 . 
 
 Low.pal. 
 at boat 
 
 reins3-J 
 pal.\^) parallel 
 
 al fast - 
 
 Fl. 2 
 
 f+d 
 
 n.z 
 
 Fl.Z-4 
 
 $ 
 
 Fl. duUpurp. 
 
 n. 
 
 purp 
 
 Lovpal. 
 at b cue 
 
 reauM 
 
 I conreryl 
 
 J>0. 
 
 faint 
 
 ribs 7 
 
 paraUet 
 
 ~_ 
 scrona 
 
 Ltnrpal. 
 
 33. PHRJKUHITES. 
 
 34H/EROCHLOE. 
 
 35. CATABROSA. 
 
 36.MOLINIA. 
 
 37 POA. 
 
 37. Do. 
 
 38. BR/ZA. 
 
 39. FESTUCA. 
 
 40. SCLEROCfJLOA. 
 
 4J. GLYCERfA. 
 
 42 ARRHENATHE'RUM. 
 
 43. HOLCUS. 
 
 44. CORYNEPHORUS. 
 
 45. /I iff A. 
 
 46. Jl/ENA. 
 
 47. TR/SETUM.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 119 
 
 Spikelets in a lax panicle. 
 
 Lower (or outer) palea very long, with long hairs at 
 the base. 
 Palea? very unequal. Glumes unequal. Flowers dull 
 purple . 
 
 33. Reed-grass. 
 
 34. Holy-grass. 
 
 35 (Water-whorl- 
 \ grass. 
 
 no fLavender- 
 \ grass. 
 37. Meadow-grass. 
 
 37. Do. 
 
 38. Quaking-grass. 
 39. Fescue-grass. 
 40. SclerocMoa. 
 41. Sweet-grass. 
 
 42. Oat-grass. 
 43. Soft-grass. 
 
 44 |Qray's-hair- 
 '{ grass. 
 
 45. Hair-grass. 
 
 46. Oat. 
 
 47 /Yellow Oat- 
 : ''\ grass. 
 
 48 (Cock's-foot- 
 \ grass. 
 
 39. Fescue-grass. 
 49. Brome- grass 
 
 Lower (or outer) palea awnless. 
 Glumes as long as the flowers. Spikelet with 3 
 flowers. 
 Glumes equal. Upper flower hermaphrodite ; 
 stamens 2. Lower flowers 2, male ; stamens 3 
 Glumes falling short of the flowers. Flowers 2 or 3. 
 Glumes very unequal, blunt. 
 Lower (or outer) palea truncate at top 
 Glumes nearly equal. 
 Flowers in a slender panicle, purple. ) 
 Upper flower with a rudiment J 
 Lower (or outer) palea keeled at the base 
 Glumes falling short of the flowers. Flowers 4 to 20. 
 Lower (or outer) palea keeled at the base. 
 Lower (or outer) palea veins 3 to 5, parallel 
 Lower (or outer) palea rounded at the base 
 Spikelets ovate or triangular 
 Lower palea veins 3-5 converging 
 Lower palea veins 5, parallel, faint 
 Lower palea ribs 7, parallel, strong 
 
 Lower (or outer) palea awned. 
 Glumes as long as the flowers. Spikelet with 2 to 
 4 flowers. 
 Flowers 2, hermaphrodite and male. 
 Upper flower hermaphrodite, with a short awn. 
 Lower flower male, with a long, bent, twisted 
 
 Upper flower male, with a bent or curved awn. 
 Lower flower hermaphrodite, awnless 
 Flowers 2, both hermaphrodite. 
 Lower palea with an awn jointed in the middle, 
 hairy at the joint ; lower part of awn twisted, 
 
 Lower palea truncate, jagged, with a short, 
 straight, or bent and twisted awn ; or bifid 
 with a bent and twisted awn 
 Flowers 2 to 4, all hermaphrodite. 
 Lower palea ending in 2 acute teeth,with a long, 
 bent, twisted awn. Fruit hairy at the top 
 Lower palea ending in 2 acute teeth, with a 
 long, bent, twisted awn. Fruit glabrous at 
 
 Glumes falling short of the flowers. Spikelet 4 to 
 20 flowers. (See No. 46.) 
 Sheath of leaves divided the whole way down. 
 Styles at the top of ovary. 
 Lower palea compressed, keeled, awned just 
 below the tip. Spikelets crowded, in tufts, 
 secund 
 
 Lower palea rounded at back, very acute, awn 
 terminal (rarely below the tip) 
 Sheath of leaves divided half-way down. 
 Styles below the tip of ovary. 
 Lower palea rounded at back, awned below the 

 
 120 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGEN/t. 
 
 99. EQUISETACE^L. Ln 0ne 
 
 
 Sltm 
 
 Cap 6-8 
 
 /. EQUISETUM. 
 
 100. CHARACE>e. L^one. facl.jjilf 
 
 
 V 
 
 fruct. 
 
 (3* 
 
 / CHARA. 
 
 !5^ 
 : :^ 
 
 g=: 
 
 ^ 
 
 fe^ .:-: . 
 
 
 
 101. LYCOPODIACE/L. 
 
 / /3OETE3. 
 
 . LYCOPO'DIUM. 
 
 102. MARSILEACE/E.. 
 
 F. *.MrSSEK.Ot.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 121 
 
 CLASS III. ACROGENS. 
 
 - A , , - / Leaves none. Fructification In a terminal cone. 
 
 99, HORSETAIL FAMILY. { ******** 
 
 Stem simple, or with whorled branches, simple or com- 
 pound. 
 Capsules 6-8 on the sides of peltate scales 
 
 1 (Horsetail, 
 '\Paddock-pipes. 
 
 100, CHAR A FAMILY. } k 6 * 768110116 - Fructification axillary. 
 
 Submerged aquatic herbs, with simple or compound 
 
 1. Chara. 
 
 
 
 1 fi1 Pi itn imnn Ciiinu J Fructification in the axils of the leaves, or i 
 IUI, ULllD'MUbo FAMILY, 1 axils of the bracts of terminal spikes. 
 
 es, or in the 
 
 Submerged aquatic herbs, stemless. 
 Leaves linear, with enlarged bases. 
 
 Capsules not opening 
 
 Terrestrial plants with branched stems. 
 
 Leaves scale-like, imbricated, entire or toothed, or 
 
 toothed and long pointed. 
 Capsules bursting 
 
 1. Quillwort. 
 
 2. Club-moss. 
 
 1 HO DM i mnnT Ciiinu / Fructification axillary. Rootstock creeping. Leaves 
 IUZ, rlLLWORT FAMILY, 1 l to 3 together, circlnate when young. 
 
 Leaves slender, setaceous. 
 Capsule globular, pubescent, 4-celled 
 
 1. Pillwort.
 
 122 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 T AAltSSElR. DC.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 123 
 
 -.on r r ( I/eaves (fronds) simple or variously divided ; circinate when 
 lUui lERN rAMILY I voun 8- Fructification on the under side, margin, or end 
 
 Fructification terminal. 
 Capsules connate, in a simple spike. 
 Stem simple, with a single frond. 
 
 1. Adder's-tongue 
 2. Moonwort 
 
 1 Flowering- 
 fern, 
 Fern-royal. 
 
 4. Bristle-fern. 
 5. Filmy-fern. 
 
 6. Maiden-hair. 
 
 7 |Brake, 
 
 ' (Bracken. 
 
 8. Hard-fern. 
 
 P /Bock-brake, 
 ^Parsley-fern. 
 10. Polypody. 
 
 11. Woodsia 
 12. Shield-fern. 
 
 13. Prickly-fern. 
 14. Bladder-fern. 
 
 15. Gyxnnogram. 
 16. Lady-fern. 
 17. Spleenwort. 
 
 18. Rustyback. 
 10. Hart's-tongue. 
 
 Capsules in a branched spike or panicle. 
 Fronds pinnate, solitary. Segments half -moon- or kidney-shaped. 
 Capsules in a compound panicle. 
 Fronds 2-pinnate. 
 Segments lanceolate or oblong 
 
 Fructification in cup-shaped involucres. 
 Involucre entire. 
 Fronds 2- or 3-pinnato, triangular-lanceolate in outline. 
 Final segments oblong 
 
 Involucre 2-lobed. 
 Fronds pinnate, ovate-lanceolate in outline. 
 Final segments linear-oblong 
 
 Fructification on margin of frond. 
 Clusters (sori) oblong or roundish, covered by the reflexed margin. 
 Fronds 2- or 3- pinnate, broadly ovate in outline. 
 Pinnules fan- or wedge-shaped, lobed 
 
 Clusters continuous, covered by an indusium formed of the 
 reflexed margin. 
 Fronds 2- or 3-pinnate, broadly triangular in outline. 
 Final segments of frond lanceolate, entire 
 
 Clusters continuous, covered by a scarlous indusium. 
 Fronds pinnatifid or pinnate, narrow-lanceolate in outline. 
 
 Fructification on veins, clusters circular, or nearly so. 
 Clusters naked, not covered by an indusium. 
 Fronds 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate-triangular in outline. 
 Pinnules of the fertile fronds oblong-lanceolate, sori ulti- 
 mately confluent, covered by margin of pinnule. Pinnule 
 
 Fronds 1- or 2-pinnate, lanceolate, ovate, or triangular in outline. 
 Final segments oblong to ovate, entire, crenate or toothed . . 
 Clusters with an inferior capillary indusium. 
 Fronds pinnate, lanceolate or oblong in outline. 
 Pinnae oblong or ovate, bluntly lobed 
 Clusters covered by reniform indusium, attached by notch. 
 Fronds 1- or 2-pinnate, lanceolate to ovate in outline. 
 Final segments oblong or ovate, entire, or crenately or 
 
 Clusters covered by a circular indusium, attached by centre. 
 Fronds 1- or 2-pinnate, linear- or broadly-lanceolate in outline. 
 Final segments lanceolate to ovate, more or less anricled 
 
 Clusters covered by a hooded indusium, attached by one side. 
 Fronds 2- or 3-pinnate, lanceolate or triangular in outline. 
 Final segments oblong or ovate, lobed, and bluntly toothed 
 
 Fructification on veins, clusters oblong or linear. 
 Clusters oblong, naked, not covered by an indusium. 
 Fronds 1- or 2-pinnate, ovate or obtong in outline. 
 
 Clusters oblong, covered by an oblong-reniform indusium. 
 Fronds 2-pinnate, broadly lanceolate in outline. 
 Pinnules oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid toothed 
 Clusters linear, covered by a linear indusium. 
 Fronds 1-, 2-, or 3-pinnate, various in outline. 
 Final segments ovate, lanceolate, obovate, or crenate . . . . 
 Clusters linear, indusium (?), a very narrow ridge. 
 Fronds pinnatifid, linear-lanceolate in outline. 
 Segments ovate-obtuse, covered with chaffy scales on the 
 back 
 
 Clusters linear, 2 together, indusia opening by a fissure along the 
 centre. 
 Fronds strap-shaped, base cordate. 
 Clusters parallel, at right angles to the midrib
 
 124 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 CHART SHOWING AT ONE VIEW THE NUMBER OF SPECIES IN EACH ORDER 
 
 CLASS 
 
 LU 
 O 
 O 
 
 ORDER 
 
 10 so ao 40 
 
 NUMBER 
 
 ao o TO 
 
 OF SPECIES 
 MO HO KXl 111) ISO I.-.0 140 150 
 
 82 -
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 125 
 
 CATALOGUE OF BKITISH PLANTS. 
 
 1. Ranunculaceae. 
 
 V* 
 
 14. AQUILEGIA. 
 vulgaris. 
 
 6. Cruciferae. 
 
 1. ACT^EA. 
 
 15. ACONITUM. 
 
 1. CRAMBE. 
 
 spicata. 
 
 Napellus. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 2. CLEMATIS. 
 
 
 2. ISATIS. 
 
 Vitalba. 
 3. THALICTRUM. 
 
 2. Berberidacese. 
 
 tinctoria. 
 3. CAKILE. 
 
 alpinum. 
 
 1. BERBERIS. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 minus. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 4. ARMORACIA. 
 
 majus. 
 
 2. EPIMEDIUM. 
 
 rusticana. 
 
 saxatile. 
 
 alpinum. 
 
 5. CkXJHLEARIA. 
 
 flavum. 
 
 
 officinal is. 
 
 4. ANEMONE. 
 Pulsatilla. 
 
 3. Nymph seacese. 
 
 danica. 
 anglica. 
 
 nemorosa. 
 
 1. NYMPH.&A. 
 
 6. CAMELINA. 
 
 5. MYOSURUS. 
 
 alba. 
 
 sativa. 
 
 minimus. 
 
 2. NUPHAR. 
 
 7. ALYSSUM. 
 
 6. ADONIS. 
 autumnalis. 
 7. RANUNCULUS. 
 aquatilis. 
 Lenormandi. 
 hederaceus. 
 
 lutea. 
 pumila. 
 
 4. Papaveraceae. 
 1. PAPAVER. 
 
 calycinum. 
 maritimum. 
 8. DRABA. 
 verna. 
 muralis. 
 
 sceleratus. 
 ophioglossifolius. 
 Flammula. 
 
 sfimniferuni. 
 Rhoeas. 
 dubium. 
 
 incana. 
 rupestris. 
 aizoides. 
 9. IBERIS. 
 
 reptans. 
 Lingua, 
 auricomus. 
 
 Argemone. 
 hybridum. 
 2. MECONOPSIS. 
 
 amara. 
 10. SENEBIERA. 
 
 acris. 
 repens. 
 bulbosus. 
 hirsutus. 
 chaerophyllus. 
 parviflorus. 
 
 cambrica. 
 3. RCEMERIA. 
 hybrida. 
 4. CHELIDONIUM. 
 majus. 
 5. GLAUCITTM. 
 
 didyma. 
 Coronopus. 
 11. LEPIDIUM. 
 latifolium. 
 ruderale. 
 sativum. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 luteum. 
 
 campestre. 
 
 Ficaria. 
 
 
 Smithii. 
 
 8. P^EONIA. 
 Corallina. 
 
 5. Fiunariaceee. 
 
 Draba. 
 12. TEESDALIA. 
 
 9. CALTHA. 
 
 1. FUMARIA. 
 
 nudicaulis. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 pallidiflora. 
 
 13. HUTCHINSIA. 
 
 10. ERANTHIS. 
 
 confusa. 
 
 petrea. 
 
 hyemalis. 
 
 muralis. 
 
 14. SUBDLARIA. 
 
 11. TROLLIUS. 
 
 densiflora. 
 
 aquatica. 
 
 europams. 
 
 officinal is. 
 
 15. CAPSELLA. 
 
 12. HELLEBORUS. 
 
 Vaillantii. 
 
 Bursa-pastoris. 
 
 viridis. 
 
 parvi flora. 
 
 16. THLASPI. 
 
 foetid us. 
 
 2. C'ORYDALIS. 
 
 arvense. 
 
 13. DELPHINIUM. 
 
 lutea. 
 
 perfoliatum. 
 
 Ajacis. 
 
 claviculata. 
 
 al pest re.
 
 126 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 17. DENTARIA. 
 
 8. Cistacese. 
 
 alpina. 
 
 bulbifera. 
 18. MATTHIOLA. 
 sinuata. 
 
 1. HELJANTHEMCM. 
 guttatum. 
 canura. 
 
 Githago. 
 5. CHERLERIA. 
 sedoides. 
 
 ineana. 
 19. HES PERIS. 
 
 vulgare. 
 polifolium. 
 
 6. STELLARIA. 
 aquatica. 
 
 matronalis. 
 
 
 nemorum. 
 
 20. CARDAMINE. 
 
 9. Violaceae. 
 
 media. 
 
 Holostea. 
 
 atnara. 
 pratensis. 
 
 1. VIOLA. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 glauca. 
 
 hirsuta. 
 
 odorata. 
 
 & 
 
 sylvatica. 
 impatiens. 
 
 hirta. 
 canina. 
 
 uliginosa. 
 
 7. HOLOSTEUM. 
 
 umbellatum. 
 
 21. ALLIARIA. 
 
 tricolor. 
 
 8. POLYCARPON. 
 
 officinalis. 
 22. ARABIS. 
 
 10. Droseraceae. 
 
 tetraphyllum. 
 9. SPERGULARIA. 
 
 thaliana. 
 
 1. DROSERA. 
 
 rubra. 
 
 petrsea. 
 
 rotuudifolia. 
 
 marina. 
 
 stricta. 
 
 anglica. 
 
 10. HONKENEYA. 
 
 ciliata. 
 
 longifolia. 
 
 peploides. 
 
 hirsuta. 
 
 
 11. ALSINE. 
 
 Turrita. 
 
 11. Frankeniaceae. 
 
 verna. 
 
 perfoliata. 
 23. DIPLOTAXIS. 
 
 1. FRANKENIA. 
 
 rubella, 
 tenuifolia. 
 
 tenuifolia. 
 
 laevis. 
 
 uliginosa. 
 
 muralis. 
 24. NASTURTIUM. 
 
 12. Poly galac ess. 
 
 12. AUENARIA. 
 trinervis. 
 
 officinale. 
 sylvestre. 
 palustre. 
 
 1. POLYGALA. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 calcarea. 
 
 serpyllifolia. 
 norvegica. 
 ciliata. 
 
 amphibium. 
 
 amara. 
 
 13. MfENCHIA. 
 
 25. CHEIRANTHUS. 
 Cheiri. 
 
 13. Elatinaceae. 
 
 erecta. 
 14. SAGINA. 
 
 26. ERYSIMUM. 
 
 1. ELATINE. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 cheiranthoides. 
 
 hexandra. 
 
 apetala. 
 
 27. RAPHANUS. 
 
 Hydropiper. 
 
 ciliata. 
 
 Raphanistrum. 
 
 maritimus. 
 
 14. Caryophyllaceae. 
 
 procumbens. 
 saxatilis. 
 
 28. SINAPIS. 
 
 1. DIANTHUS. 
 
 subulata. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 Armeria. 
 
 nivalis. 
 
 alba. 
 
 deltoides. 
 
 nodosa. 
 
 nigra. 
 
 caesius. 
 
 15. SPERGULA. 
 
 ineana. 
 29. BRASSICA. 
 oleracea. 
 
 plumarius. 
 prolifer. 
 Caryophyl Ins. 
 
 arvensis. 
 16. CERASTIUM. 
 tetrandrum. 
 
 monensis. 
 
 2. SAPOXARIA. 
 
 semidecandrum. 
 
 campestris. 
 
 officinalis. 
 
 glomeratum. 
 
 30. BARBAREA. 
 
 3. SlLEN'E. 
 
 triviale. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 inflata. 
 
 alpinum. 
 
 praccox. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 latifolium. 
 
 31. SISYMBRIUM. 
 
 conica. 
 
 arvense. 
 
 officinale. 
 
 anglica. 
 
 trigynum. 
 
 Sophia. 
 
 acaulis. 
 
 
 Irio. 
 
 Otites. 
 nutans. 
 
 15. Malvaceae. 
 
 7. Resedaceae. 
 
 noctiflora. 
 4. LYCHNIS. 
 
 1. LAVATERA. 
 arborea. 
 
 1. RESEDA. 
 
 ves pert inn. 
 
 2. MALVA. 
 
 lutea. 
 
 iiurna. 
 
 moschata. 
 
 Luteola. 
 
 Flos-cuculi. 
 
 sylvestris. 
 
 alba. 
 
 Viscaria. 
 
 rotundifolia.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 127 
 
 3. ALTHJEA. 
 
 22. Linaceee. 
 
 procumbens. 
 
 officinalis. 
 hirsuta. 
 
 1. KADIOLA. 
 millegrana. 
 2. LINUM. 
 
 minus, 
 filiforme. 
 stellatum. 
 
 16. Tiliaceee. 
 
 catharticum. 
 
 7. MEIJLOTUS. 
 
 1. TlLIA. 
 
 perenne. 
 
 officinalis. 
 
 graudifolia. 
 intermedia. 
 
 angustifolium. 
 usitatissimum. 
 
 alba, 
 arvensis. 
 
 parvifolia. 
 
 23. Celastraceee. 
 
 8. TRIGONELLA. 
 ornithopodioides. 
 
 17. Hypericacese. 
 
 1. EUONYJIUS. 
 
 9. LOTUS. 
 
 corniculatus. 
 
 1. HYPERICUM. 
 
 Androsaemum. 
 calycinum. 
 
 europaeus. 
 2. STAPHYLEA. 
 pinnata. 
 
 major, 
 angustissimus. 
 hispidus. 
 
 perforatum. 
 dubium. 
 
 24. Rhamnaceae. 
 
 10. ANTHYLLIS. 
 vulneraria. 
 
 tetrapterum. 
 humifusum. 
 
 1. RHAMNUS. 
 catharticus. 
 
 11. ONOBRYCHIS. 
 sativa. 
 
 linariifolium. 
 
 Frangula. 
 
 12. OXYTROPIS. 
 
 pulchrum. 
 
 
 Halleri. 
 
 hirsutum. 
 montanum. 
 elodes. 
 
 18. Aceracese. 
 
 25. Leguminosse 
 
 1. ULEX. 
 
 europaeus. 
 Gallu. 
 
 campestris. 
 13. ASTRAGALUS. 
 alpinus. 
 hypoglottis. 
 
 
 nan us. 
 
 glycyphyllus. 
 
 1. ACER. 
 
 2. GENISTA. 
 
 14. ORNITHOPUS. 
 
 Pseudo-platanus. 
 campestre. 
 
 19. Geraniaceae. 
 
 anglica. 
 pilosa. 
 tinctoria. 
 3. SAROTHAMNUS. 
 
 perpusillus. 
 15. ARTHROLOBIUM. 
 ebracteatum. 
 16. HIPPOCREPIS. 
 
 1. GERANIUM. 
 sanguineum. 
 
 scoparius. 
 4. ONONIS. 
 
 comosa. 
 17. OROBUS. 
 
 phaeum. 
 
 spinosa. 
 
 tuberosus. 
 
 sylvaticum. 
 pratense. 
 pyrenaicum. 
 molle. 
 
 arvensis. 
 reclinata. 
 5. MEDICAGO. 
 sativa. 
 
 niger. 
 18. VICIA. 
 hiisuta. 
 tetrasperma. 
 
 pusillum. 
 
 sylvestris. 
 
 gracilis. 
 
 rotundifolium. 
 
 falcata. 
 
 Oracca. 
 
 dissectum. 
 columbinum. 
 
 lupulina. 
 denticulata. 
 
 Orobus. 
 sylvatica. 
 
 Jucidum. 
 
 maculata. 
 
 sepium. 
 
 Robertianum. 
 
 minima. 
 
 Jutea. 
 
 2. ERODIUM. 
 cicutarium. 
 
 6. TRIFOLIUM. 
 subterraneum. 
 
 sativa. 
 lathyroides. 
 
 raoschatum. 
 maritimum. 
 
 pratense. 
 medium. 
 
 bithynica. 
 19. LATHYRUS. 
 
 
 ochroleucum. 
 
 Aphaca. 
 
 20. Balsaminacese. 
 
 maritimum. 
 
 Ni ssi ilia. 
 
 1. IMPATIENS. 
 
 Noli-me-tangere. 
 c \ 
 
 incarnatum. 
 arvense. 
 Bocconi. 
 
 hirsutus. 
 pratensis. 
 tuberosus. 
 
 iulva. 
 parviflora. 
 
 striatum. 
 scabrum. 
 
 sylvestris. 
 palustris. 
 
 21. Oxalidaceee. 
 
 glomeratum. 
 
 maritimus. 
 
 
 suffocatum. 
 
 
 1. OXALIS. 
 
 Acetosella. 
 
 strictum. 
 hybridum. 
 
 26. Rosaceee. 
 
 corniculata. 
 
 repens. 
 
 1. ROSA. 
 
 stricta. 
 
 fragiferum. 
 
 spinosissima. 
 
 K 2'
 
 128 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 villosa. 
 
 16. GEUM. 
 
 33. Paronychiacese. 
 
 involuta. 
 
 urbanum. 
 
 1. SCLERANTHUS. 
 
 rubiginosa. 
 
 rivale. 
 
 annuus. 
 
 hibernica. 
 
 17. SlBBALDIA. 
 
 
 canina. 
 
 procumbens. 
 
 perennis. 
 2. HERNIARIA. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 18. COMARUM. 
 
 glabra. 
 
 2. RUBUS. 
 
 palustre. 
 
 ciliata. 
 
 Idaeus. 
 fruticosus. 
 
 27. LythracesB. 
 
 3. JLLECEBRUM. 
 verticillatum. 
 
 caesius. 
 
 1. LYTHRUM. 
 
 4. CORRIGIOLA. 
 
 saxatilis. 
 
 Salicaria. 
 
 littoralis. 
 
 Chamaemorus. 
 
 Hyssop! folia. 
 
 
 3. PRUNUS. 
 
 2. PEPLIS. 
 
 34. Crassulaceae. 
 
 communis. 
 
 Portula. 
 
 1. TlLL^EA. 
 
 Avium. 
 
 
 
 Cerasus. 
 
 28. Tamariscacese. 
 
 muscosa. 
 2. COTYLEDON. 
 
 Padus. 
 
 1. TAMARIX. 
 
 Umbilicus. 
 
 4. MESPILUS. 
 
 anglica. 
 
 3. SEDUM. 
 
 germanica. 
 
 5. COTONEASTER. 
 
 29. Onagraceae. 
 
 Rhodiola. ' 
 Telephium. 
 
 vulgar is. 
 
 1. CIRC^A. 
 
 villosum. 
 
 6. CRAT.EGUS. 
 
 lutetiana. 
 
 album. 
 
 Oxyacantha. 
 
 7. PYRUS. 
 
 alpina. 
 
 2. ISNARDIA. 
 
 dasyphyllum. 
 anglicum. 
 
 torminalis. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 acre. 
 
 Aria 
 
 3. (ENOTHERA. 
 
 sexangulare. 
 
 Ancuparia. 
 communis. 
 
 biennis. 
 odorata. 
 
 reflexum. 
 rupestre. 
 
 
 4. EPILOBICM. 
 
 4. SEMPERVIVUM. 
 
 8. ALCHEMILLA. 
 
 angusti folium, 
 hirsutum. 
 
 tectorum. 
 
 arvensis. 
 vulgaris. 
 alpina. 
 conjuncta. 
 9. SANGDISORBA. 
 officinalis. 
 
 parviflorum. 
 montanum. 
 lanceolatum. 
 roseum. 
 tetragonum. 
 obscurum. 
 
 35. Bibesiaceee. 
 
 1. RlBES. 
 
 Grossularia. 
 alpinum. 
 rubrum. 
 
 10. POTERIUM. 
 
 palustre. 
 
 nigrum. 
 
 Sanguisorba. 
 11. SPIR^A. 
 salicifolia. 
 Ulmaria. 
 Filipendula. 
 
 alsinifolium. 
 anagallidifolium. 
 alpinum. 
 
 30. Haloragaceae. 
 
 36. Saxifragacese. 
 
 1. CHRYSOSPLENIUM. 
 oppositifolium. 
 alternifolium. 
 2. PARNASSIA. 
 
 12. AGRIHONIA. 
 Eupatoria. 
 odorata. 
 13. DRY AS. 
 
 1. HIPPURIS. 
 vulgaris. 
 
 2. JlYRIOPHYLLUM. 
 
 verticillatum. 
 
 palustris. 
 3. SAXIFRAGA. 
 oppositifolia. 
 nival is. 
 
 octopetala. 
 
 spicatum. 
 
 stellaris. 
 
 14. FRAGARIA. 
 
 alterniflorum. 
 
 Geum. 
 
 vesca. 
 
 
 hirsuta. 
 
 elatior. 
 
 31. Cucurbitaceae. 
 
 nmbrosa. 
 
 15. POTENTILLA. 
 
 
 Hirculus. 
 
 Fragariastrum. 
 
 1. BRYONIA. 
 
 aizoides. 
 
 verna. 
 
 dioica. 
 
 tridactylites. 
 
 alpestris. 
 Tormentilla. 
 
 32. Portulaceee. 
 
 rivularis. 
 cernua. 
 
 reptans. 
 
 1. MONTI A. 
 
 granulata. 
 
 anserina. 
 
 f on tana. 
 
 casspitosa. 
 
 rupestris. 
 
 2. CLAYTONIA. 
 
 sponhemica. 
 
 argentea. 
 
 alsinoides. 
 
 hypnoides. 
 
 fruticosa. 
 
 perfoliata. 
 
 hirta.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 129 
 
 37. TJmbelliferse. 
 
 sativum. 
 
 3. VIBURNUM. 
 
 
 sylvestre. 
 
 Opulus. 
 
 1. SANICULA. 
 
 temulum. 
 
 Lantana. 
 
 europsea. 
 
 24. ClCUTA. 
 
 4. SAMBUCUS. 
 
 2. ERYNGIUM. 
 
 virosa. 
 
 nigra. 
 
 maritimum. 
 
 25. MYRRHIS. 
 
 Ebulus. 
 
 campestre. 
 
 odorata. 
 
 5. ADOXA. 
 
 3. CAUCALIS. 
 
 26. LlGUSTICUM. 
 
 Moschatellina. 
 
 daucoides. 
 
 scoticum. 
 
 
 latifolia. 
 
 27. MEUM. 
 
 42. Rubiacese. 
 
 4. TORILIS. 
 
 Athamanticum. 
 
 1. RUBIA. 
 
 infesta. 
 
 28. SlLAUS. 
 
 peregrina. 
 
 Anthriscus. 
 
 pratensis. 
 
 2. GALIUM. 
 
 nodosa. 
 
 29. CRITHMUM. 
 
 boreale. 
 
 5. DAUCITS. 
 
 maritimum. 
 
 cruciatum. 
 
 Carota. 
 
 30. (EXANTHE. 
 
 verum. 
 
 6. SESELI. 
 
 fistulosa. 
 
 erectum. 
 
 Libanotis. 
 
 pimpinelloides. 
 
 Mollugo. 
 
 7. HYDROCOTYLE. 
 
 silaifolia. 
 
 saxatile. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 Lachenalii. 
 
 sylvestre. 
 
 8. BUPLEURUM. 
 
 crocata. 
 
 palustre. 
 
 rotundifolium. 
 
 Phellandrium. 
 
 uliginosum. 
 
 aristatum. 
 
 fluviatilis. 
 
 anglicum. 
 
 tenuissimum. 
 
 31. CORIANDRUM. 
 
 Aparine. 
 
 falcatum. 
 
 sativum. 
 
 tricorne. 
 
 9. ASTRANTIA. 
 
 32. ^ETHUSA. 
 
 3. ASPERULA. 
 
 major. 
 
 Cynapium. 
 
 odorata. 
 
 10. SMYRNIUM. 
 
 33. FCENICULUM. 
 
 cynanchica. 
 
 Olusatrum. 
 
 vulgare. 
 
 4. SHERARDIA. 
 
 11. ^EGOPODIUM. 
 
 34. HERACLEUM. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 Podagraria. 
 12. APIUM. 
 graveolens. 
 
 Sphondylium. 
 35. PASTINACA. 
 sativa. 
 
 43. Valerianacese. 
 1. CENTRANTHUS. 
 
 13. PlMPINELLA. 
 
 Saxifraga. 
 
 36. TORDYLIUM. 
 maximum. 
 
 ruber. 
 2. VALERIANA. 
 
 magna. 
 14. PETROSELINUM. 
 
 37. ANGELICA. 
 sylvestris. 
 
 QIO1C&. 
 
 officinalis. 
 
 sativum. 
 
 segetum. 
 
 38. PEUCEDANUM. 
 offieinale. 
 
 3. VALERIANELLA. 
 
 15. HELOSCIADIUM. 
 nodiflorum. 
 inundatum. 
 
 palustre. 
 Ostruthium. 
 
 olitoria. 
 carinata. 
 Auricula. 
 
 16. SISON. 
 
 38. Hederaceae. 
 
 dentata. 
 
 Amomum. 
 17. SIUM. 
 
 1. HEDERA. 
 Helix. 
 
 44. Dipsacaceee. 
 
 1. DlPSACUS. 
 
 latifolium. 
 angustifolium. 
 18. TRINIA. 
 
 39. Cornaceee. 
 
 1. CORNUS. 
 
 sylvestris. 
 pilosus. 
 
 2. SCABIOSA. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 suecica. 
 
 succisa. 
 
 19. CARUM. 
 
 sanguinea. 
 
 columbaria. 
 
 verticillatum. 
 Carui. 
 
 40. Loranthaceee. 
 
 3. KNAUTIA. 
 
 Bulbocastanum. 
 
 1. VlSCUM. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 flexuosum. 
 
 album. 
 
 45. Composites. 
 
 20. CONIUM. 
 
 
 1. LAPS ANA. 
 
 maculatum. 
 
 41. Caprifoliaceee. 
 
 communis. 
 
 21. PHYSOSPERMUM. 
 
 1. LlNNJEA. 
 
 2. ARNOSERIS. 
 
 cornubiense. 
 
 borealis. 
 
 pusilla. 
 
 22. SCANDIX. 
 
 2. LOXICERA. 
 
 3. CICHORIUM. 
 
 Pecten-Veneris. 
 
 Caprifolium. 
 
 Intybus. 
 
 23. CH.EROPHYLLUM. 
 
 Periclymenum. 
 
 4. TARAXACUM. 
 
 Anthriscus. 
 
 Xylosteum. 
 
 dtliciuale.
 
 130 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 5. LACTUCA. 
 
 11. TBAGOPOGON. 
 
 30. CARLINA. 
 
 virosa. 
 
 pratensis. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 Scariola. 
 
 porrifolius. 
 
 31. SlLYBUM. 
 
 saligna. 
 
 12. HELMINTHIA. 
 
 Marianum. 
 
 muralis. 
 
 echioides. 
 
 32. CARDUUS. 
 
 6. CREPIS. 
 
 13. THRINCIA. 
 
 tenuiflorus. 
 
 foetida. 
 
 hirta. 
 
 nutans. 
 
 taraxacifolia. 
 
 14. LEONTODON. 
 
 crispus. 
 
 setosa. 
 
 bispidus. 
 
 lanceolatus. 
 
 virens. 
 
 autumnalis. 
 
 eriophorus. 
 
 biennis. 
 
 15. PICRIS. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 succisifolia. 
 
 hieracioides. 
 
 tuberosus. 
 
 paludosa. 
 7. HlERACIUM. 
 
 16. TANACETUM. 
 vulgare. 
 17. DIOTIS. 
 
 pratensis. 
 heterophyllus. 
 acaulis. 
 
 Pilosella. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 aurantiacum. 
 
 18. ARTEMISIA. 
 
 33. ONOPORDUM. 
 
 dubium. 
 melanocephalum. 
 holosericeum. 
 
 Absinthium, 
 vulgaris. 
 campestris. 
 
 Acanthium. 
 34. GALINSOGA. 
 parviflora. 
 
 eximium. 
 calenduliflorum. 
 gracilentum. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 19. BlDENS. 
 
 ccrnua. 
 
 35. BELLIS. 
 perennis. 
 36. MATRICARIA. 
 
 globosum. 
 
 tripartita. 
 
 Parthenium. 
 
 nigrescens. 
 
 20. FILAGO. 
 
 inodora. 
 
 lingulatum. 
 
 germanica. 
 
 Chamomilla. 
 
 senescens. 
 chrysanthmn. 
 anglicum. 
 
 apiculata. 
 spathulata. 
 minima. 
 
 37. ANTHEMIS. 
 Cot u la. 
 arvensis. 
 
 iricum. 
 pallidum. 
 lasiophyllum. 
 Gibsoni. 
 argenteum. 
 nitidum. 
 aggregatum. 
 
 gallica. 
 21. GNAPHALIUM. 
 uliginosum. 
 luteo-album. 
 sylvaticum. 
 norvegicum. 
 
 nobilis. 
 38. ACHILLEA. 
 Millefolium. 
 Ptarmica. 
 39. CHRYSANTHEMUM. 
 segetum. 
 Leucanthemum. 
 
 murorum. 
 
 supinum. 
 
 Af\ TvTTT A 
 
 caesium. 
 
 22. ANTENNARIA. 
 
 T . 1 .> I I . \ . 
 
 Keleniurn. 
 
 obtusifolium. 
 flocculosum. 
 
 margaritaceum. 
 dioicum. 
 
 Conyza. 
 crithmoides. 
 
 vulgatum. 
 
 23. LlNOSYRIS. 
 
 41. P0LICARIA. 
 
 maculatum. 
 gothicum. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 24. PETASITES. 
 
 dysenterica. 
 vulgaris. 
 
 tridentatum. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 42. SOLIDAGO. 
 
 prenanthoides. 
 
 25. ARCTIUM. 
 
 Virga-aurea. 
 
 strictum. 
 
 majus. 
 
 43. SENECIO. 
 
 umbellatum. 
 crocatum. 
 rigidum. 
 
 minus, 
 intermedium, 
 nemorosum. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 sylvaticus. 
 viscosus. 
 
 corymbosum. 
 boreale. 
 
 26. EtIPATORIUM. 
 
 cannabinum. 
 
 squalidus. 
 erucifolius. 
 
 8. MULGEDIUM. 
 
 27. SERRATULA. 
 
 Jacobaea. 
 
 alpinum. 
 
 tinctoria. 
 
 aquaticus. 
 
 9. SONCHUS. 
 
 28. SAUSSUREA. 
 
 saracenicus. 
 
 oleraceus. 
 
 alpina. 
 
 paludosus. 
 
 asper. 
 
 29. CENTAUREA. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 artensis. 
 
 nigra. 
 
 campestris. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 Scabiosa. 
 
 44. TussiLAGO. 
 
 10. HYPOCH^RIS. 
 
 Cyanus. 
 
 Farfara. 
 
 glabra. 
 
 aspera. 
 
 45. DORONICUM. 
 
 radicata. 
 
 Calcttrapa. 
 
 Pardalianches. 
 
 mnculata. 
 
 solstitialis. 
 
 plantagineum.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 46. ERIGERON. 
 
 minor. 
 
 2. MERTENSIA. 
 
 canadensis. 
 
 secrmda. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 acris. 
 
 uniflora. 
 
 3. ECHIUM. 
 
 alpinus. 
 47. ASTER. 
 
 48. Aquifoliaceee. 
 
 vulgare. 
 plantagineum. 
 
 Tripolium. 
 
 1. ILEX. 
 
 4. LlTHOSPERMUM. 
 
 
 Aquifolium. 
 
 purpureo-caeruleum 
 
 
 
 ofEcinale. 
 
 46. Campanulaceae. 
 
 49. Jasminaceee. 
 
 arvense. 
 
 1. LOBELIA. 
 Dortmanna. 
 urens. 
 2. JASIONE. 
 
 1. LlGUSTRUM. 
 vulgare. 
 2. FRAXINUS. 
 
 5. SYMPHYTUM. 
 officinale. 
 tuberosum. 
 6. BORAGO. 
 
 moiitana. 
 
 X SO. 
 
 officinalis. 
 
 3. PHYTEUMA. 
 
 50. Apocynaceae. 
 
 7. LYCOPSIS. 
 
 orbiculare. 
 spicatum. 
 
 1. VINCA. 
 
 arvensis. 
 8. ASPERUGO. 
 
 4. CAMPANULA. 
 
 major. 
 
 procumbens. 
 
 glomerata. 
 
 minor. 
 
 9. CYNOGLOSSUM. 
 
 Trachelium. 
 latifolia. 
 
 51. Gentianaceae. 
 
 officinale. 
 montanum. 
 
 rapunculoides. 
 
 1. GENTIAN A. 
 
 10. ANCHUSA. 
 
 rotundifolia. 
 
 Pneumonanthe. 
 
 officinalis. 
 
 Rapunculus. 
 
 verna. 
 
 sempervirens. 
 
 patula. 
 
 nivalis. 
 
 11. MYOSOTIS. 
 
 5. WAHLENBERGIA. 
 
 Amarella. 
 
 caespitosa. 
 
 hederacea. 
 
 cam pest ris. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 6. SPECULARIA. 
 
 2. MENYAXTHES. 
 
 repens. 
 
 hybrida. 
 
 trifoliata. 
 
 alpestris. 
 
 
 3. ERYTHR^A. 
 
 sylvatica. 
 
 
 latifolia. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 47. Ericaceae. 
 
 littoralis. 
 
 collina. 
 
 1. VACCINIUM. 
 
 Centaurium. 
 
 versicolor. 
 
 Oxycoccos. 
 
 pulchella. 
 
 
 Vitis-idaea. 
 
 4. ClCENDIA. 
 
 
 uliginosum. 
 
 pusilla. 
 
 55. Solanaceae. 
 
 Myrtillus. 
 2. CALLUNA. 
 vulgaris. 
 
 filiformis. 
 
 5. LlMNANTHEMUM. 
 
 nympha?oides. 
 
 1. SOLANUM. 
 Dulcamara. 
 
 3. ERICA. 
 
 6. CHLORA. 
 
 Diffruni. 
 
 ciliaris. 
 
 perfoliata. 
 
 2. ATROPA. 
 Belladonna, 
 
 Tetralix. 
 cinerea. 
 
 52. Polemoniaceae. 
 
 3. LYCIUM. 
 barbarum. 
 
 vagans. 
 raediterranea. 
 4. MEXZIESIA. 
 polifolia. 
 
 1. POLEMONIUM. 
 cseruleum. 
 
 53. Convolvnlaceae. 
 
 4. HYOSCYAMUS. 
 niger. 
 5. DATURA. 
 Stramonium. 
 
 caerulea. 
 5. AZALEA. 
 
 1. CONVOLVULUS. 
 
 
 procumbens. 
 6. ARBUTUS. 
 Unedo. 
 
 arvensis. 
 sepium. 
 Soldanella. 
 
 56. Orobanchaceee. 
 1. OROBANCHE. 
 
 7. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. 
 alpina. 
 
 2. CUSCUTA. 
 Epilinum. 
 
 caerulea. 
 major. 
 
 Uva-ursi. 
 
 europaea. 
 
 rubra. 
 
 8. ANDROMEDA. 
 polifolia. 
 
 Epithymum. 
 Trifolii. 
 
 caryophyllacea. 
 elatior. 
 
 9. MONOTROPA. 
 Hypopitys. 
 
 54. Boraginaceae. 
 
 Picridis. 
 Hederae. 
 
 10. PYROLA. 
 
 1. PULMONARIA. 
 
 minor. 
 
 rotundifolia. 
 
 angustifolia. 
 
 2. LATHR^CA. 
 
 media. 
 
 officinalis. 
 
 squamaria.
 
 132 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 57. Scrophulariaceee. 
 
 vernal is. 
 aquatica. 
 
 15. BALLOT A. 
 
 nigra. 
 
 1. VERONICA. 
 
 11. DIGITALIS. 
 
 16. LAMIUM. 
 
 hederifolia. 
 
 pnrpurea. 
 
 amplexicaule. 
 
 polita. 
 
 12. MlMULUS. 
 
 intermedium. 
 
 agrestis. 
 
 luteus. 
 
 incisum. 
 
 Buxbaumii. 
 
 13. LlMOSELLA. 
 
 purpureum. 
 
 triphyllos. 
 verna. 
 
 aquatica, 
 
 14. SlBTHORPIA. 
 
 maculatum. 
 album. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 europsea. 
 
 Galeobdolon. 
 
 serpyllifolia. 
 alpina. 
 
 58. Labiatae. 
 
 17. LEONURUS. 
 Cardiaca. 
 
 saxatilis. 
 
 1. LYCOPUS. 
 
 18. STACHYS. 
 
 spicata. 
 
 europaeus. 
 
 Betonica. 
 
 ofBcinalis. 
 
 2. SALVIA. 
 
 germanica. 
 
 Chamaedrys. 
 
 Verbenaca. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 montana. 
 
 pratensis. 
 
 sylvatica. 
 
 scatellata. 
 
 3. MENTHA. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 Anagallis. 
 
 rotundifolia. 
 
 19. GALEOPSIS. 
 
 Beccabunga. 
 2. VERBASCUM. 
 
 alopecuroides. 
 sylvestris. 
 
 Ladanum. 
 %-ersicolor. 
 
 Thapsus. 
 
 viridis. 
 
 Tetrahit. 
 
 pulverulentum. 
 
 Piperita. 
 
 dubia. 
 
 Lychnitis. 
 
 hirsuta. 
 
 
 Digram. 
 
 satira. 
 
 59. Verbenaceee. 
 
 virgatum. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 1. VERBENA. 
 
 Blattaria. 
 
 aquatica. 
 
 officinal is. 
 
 3. PEDICULARIS. 
 
 Pulegium. 
 
 
 palnstris. 
 sylvatica. 
 
 4. TEUCRIUM. 
 Botrys. 
 
 60. Lentibulariaceoe. 
 
 4. RHINANTHUS. 
 
 Scordium. 
 
 1. PlNGUICULA. 
 
 Crista-galli. 
 major. 
 
 Chamaedrys. 
 Scorodonia. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 grandiflora. 
 
 5. MELAMPYRUM. 
 
 5. AJUGA. 
 
 alpina. 
 
 cristatum. 
 
 reptans. 
 pyramidalis. 
 
 lusitanica. 
 2. UTRICULARIA. 
 
 pratense. 
 sylvaticum. 
 6. BARTSIA. 
 Odontites. 
 
 Chamaepitys. 
 6. THYMUS. 
 Serpyllum. 
 Chamaedrys. 
 7. MELISSA. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 ueglecta. 
 minor, 
 intermedia. 
 
 viscosa. 
 alpina. 
 
 officinalis. 
 8. ORIGANUM. 
 
 61. Primulacese- 
 
 7. ECPHRASIA. 
 ofBcinalis. 
 
 vulgare. 
 9. NEPETA. 
 
 1. CENTUNCULUS. 
 minimus. 
 
 8. LINARIA. 
 
 Cataria. 
 
 2. HOTTONIA. 
 
 Cymbalaria. 
 
 Glechoma. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 Elatine. 
 
 10. SCUTELLARIA. 
 
 3. CYCLAMEN. 
 
 purpurea. 
 
 galericulata. 
 
 hederifolium. 
 
 spuria. 
 
 minor. 
 
 4. PRIMULA. 
 
 Pelisseriana. 
 
 11. PRUNELLA. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 repens. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 Veris. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 12. CALAMI NTH A. 
 
 elatior. 
 
 minor. 
 
 Clinopodium. 
 
 farinosa. 
 
 supina. 
 
 Acinos. 
 
 scotica. 
 
 9. ANTIRRHINUM. 
 
 Nepeta. 
 
 5. SAMOLUS. 
 
 majus. 
 
 sylvatica. 
 
 Valerandi. 
 
 Orontium. 
 
 ofBcinalis. 
 
 6. GLAUX. 
 
 10. SCROPHtTLARIA. 
 
 13. MELITTIS. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 umbrosa. 
 
 Melissophyllum. 
 
 7. LYSIMACHIA. 
 
 nodosa. 
 
 14. MARRUBIUM. 
 
 thyrsiflora. 
 
 Scorodonia. 
 
 vulgare. . 
 
 vulgar is.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 Nummularia. 
 
 rubrum. 
 
 2. ASARUM. 
 
 nemorum. 
 
 botryoides. 
 
 europaeum. 
 
 8. ANAGALLIS. 
 
 glaucum. 
 
 
 arvensis. 
 tenella. 
 9. TRIENTALIS. 
 
 Bonus Henricus. 
 6. BETA. 
 maritima. 
 
 71. Empetraceee. 
 1. EMPETRUM. 
 
 
 
 nigrum. 
 
 europaaa. 
 
 
 
 62. Plumbaginaceee. 
 
 1. STATICE. 
 
 66. Polygonaceas. 
 
 1. RUMEX. 
 
 conglomeratus. 
 
 72. Eupliorbiaceae. 
 
 1. MERCURIALIS. 
 
 Limonium. 
 
 sanguineus. 
 
 perenuis. 
 
 bahusiensis. 
 binervosa. 
 caspia. 
 2. ARMEBIA. 
 maritima. 
 
 maritimus. 
 palustris. 
 pulcher. 
 obtusifolius. 
 acutus. 
 
 annua. 
 2. EUPHORBIA. 
 Peplis. 
 Helioscopia. 
 platyphylla. 
 
 plautaginea. 
 
 crispus. 
 
 stricta. 
 
 63. Plantaginaceee. 
 
 aquaticus. 
 Hydrolapathum. 
 
 niberna. 
 amygdaloides. 
 Esula. 
 
 1. PLANTAGO. 
 major. 
 
 maximus. 
 alpinus. 
 Acetosa. 
 
 Cyparissias. 
 Paralias. 
 
 media. 
 
 Acetosella. 
 
 portlandica. 
 
 lanceolata. 
 
 2. OXYRIA. 
 
 Peplus. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 reniformis. 
 
 exigua. 
 
 coronopus. 
 
 2. LlTTORELLA. 
 
 3. POLYGONUM. 
 Convolvulus. 
 
 Lathyris. 
 3. Buxus. 
 
 lacustris. 
 
 dumetorum. 
 
 sempervirens. 
 
 64. Amaranthacese. 
 
 aviculare. 
 Raii. 
 
 73. Ceratophyllaceae. 
 
 1. AMARANTHUS. 
 
 maritimum. 
 
 1. CERATOPHYLLUM. 
 
 blitum. 
 
 Hydropiper. 
 
 demersum. 
 
 
 minus. 
 
 submersum. 
 
 65. Chenopodiacese. 
 
 mite. 
 
 
 1. SALICORNIA. 
 herbacea. 
 
 Persicaria. 
 lapathifolium. 
 maculatum. 
 
 74. Callitrichaceae. 
 1. CALLITRICHE. 
 
 radicans. 
 2. StMEDA. 
 fruticosa. 
 maritima. 
 3. SALSOLA. 
 
 V 1 
 
 amphibium. 
 Bistorta. 
 viviparum. 
 4. FAGOPYRUM. 
 esculentum. 
 
 verna. 
 obtusangula. 
 stagnalis. 
 hamulata. 
 truncata. 
 
 Kali. 
 
 
 autumnalis. 
 
 4. ATRIPLEX. 
 
 
 
 littoralis. 
 patula. 
 
 67. Elceagnaceea. 
 1. HIPPOPHAE. 
 
 75. Urticacese. 
 
 angustifolia. 
 
 rhamnoides. 
 
 1. PARIETARIA. 
 
 erecta. 
 
 
 diffusa. 
 
 deltoidea. 
 nitens. 
 
 68. Thymelaceee. 
 
 2. URTICA. 
 dioica. 
 
 Babingtonii. 
 
 1. DAPHNE. 
 
 pilulifera. 
 
 arenaria. 
 
 Mezereum. 
 
 urens. 
 
 portulacoides. 
 
 Laureola. 
 
 
 pedunculata. 
 
 
 76. Cannabinaceae. 
 
 5. CHENOPODIUM. 
 
 69. Sautalaceae. 
 
 1. MuMULUS. 
 
 polyspermum. 
 
 1. THESIUM. 
 
 Lupulus. 
 
 album. 
 
 humifusum. 
 
 
 ficifolium. 
 
 
 77. Ulmaceae. 
 
 murale. 
 
 70. Aristolochiaceae. 
 
 1. ULMUS. 
 
 hybridum. 
 
 1. ARISTOLOCHIA. 
 
 montana. 
 
 urbicum. 
 
 Clematitis. 
 
 campestriis.
 
 134 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 78. Amentaceoe. 82. Hydro char idaceae. 
 
 arachnites. 
 
 1. ALNUS. 
 glutinosa. 
 2. BETDLA. 
 
 1. AXACHARIS. 
 
 Alsinastrum. 
 2. HYDROCHARIS. 
 
 muscifera. 
 
 17. LlSTERA. 
 
 cordata. 
 ovata. 
 
 alba, 
 glutinosa. 
 
 Morsus-ranae. 
 3. STRATIOTES. 
 
 18. EPIPACTIS. 
 lati folia. 
 
 nana. 
 3. SALIX. 
 
 aloides. 
 
 viridans. 
 
 pentandra. 
 fragilis. 
 
 83. Orchidaceae. 
 
 rubiginosa. 
 palustris. 
 
 alba, 
 triandra. 
 
 .1. EPIPOGUM. 
 
 84. Iridaceae. 
 
 purpurea. 
 viminalis. 
 
 aphyllum. 
 
 2. CORALLORHIZA. 
 
 1. GLADIOLUS. 
 illyricus. 
 
 aurita. 
 
 innata. 
 
 2. IRIS. 
 
 caprea. 
 
 3. NEOTTIA. 
 
 fcctidissima. 
 
 phylicifolia. 
 nigricans. 
 
 Nidus-avis. 
 4. NEOTINEA. 
 
 Pseudacorus. 
 tuber osa. 
 
 repens. 
 
 intacta. 
 
 3. CROCUS. 
 
 lanata. 
 
 5. ORCHIS. 
 
 vernus. 
 
 Lapponum. 
 Sadleri. 
 
 hircina. 
 pyramidalis. 
 
 nudiHorus. 
 4. TRICHONEMA. 
 
 Arbuscula. 
 
 ustulata. 
 
 Columnas. 
 
 Myrsinites. 
 herbacea. 
 
 purpurea. 
 militaris. 
 
 5. SlSYRINCHIUM. 
 
 Bermudiana. 
 
 reticulata. 
 
 Simla. 
 
 
 4. MYRICA. 
 Gale. 
 
 Morio. 
 mascula. 
 
 85. Amaryllidaceas. 
 
 5. POPULUS. 
 
 alba 
 
 laxiflora. 
 incamata. 
 
 1. NARCISSUS. 
 Pse udo-narciss us. 
 
 alUd. 
 
 latifolia 
 
 bitlorus. 
 
 canescens. 
 tremula. 
 
 maculata. 
 6. GYMNADENIA. 
 
 2. GALANTHUS. 
 nivalis. 
 
 nigra. 
 
 6. CORYLUS. 
 
 Avellana. 
 
 conopsea. 
 7. HABENARIA. 
 
 3. LEUCOJUM. 
 aestivum. 
 
 7. CARPINUS. 
 
 viridis. 
 
 vernum. 
 
 Betulus. 
 8. FAGUS. 
 
 bifolia. 
 chlorantha. 
 
 86. Alismaceae. 
 
 sylvatica. 
 9. QUERCUS. 
 
 albida. 
 
 8. GOODYERA. 
 
 1. SAGITTARIA. 
 sagittifolia. 
 
 Robur. 
 10. CASTANEA. 
 vulgaris. 
 
 repens. 
 9. SPIRANTHES. 
 autumnalis. 
 scstivalis. 
 
 2. ALISMA. 
 Plantago. 
 ranunculoides. 
 natans. 
 
 79. Coniferse. 
 
 1. PINUS. 
 sylvestris. 
 2. JUNIPERUS. 
 communis. 
 
 gemmipara. 
 10. CYPRIPEDIUM. 
 Calceolus. 
 11. MALAXIS. 
 paludosa. 
 12. LIPARIS. 
 
 3. ACTIXOCARPU s. 
 Damasonium. 
 4. BUTOMUS. 
 umbellatus. 
 
 5. SCHEUCHZERIA. 
 
 nana. 
 
 
 palustris. 
 
 3. TAXUS. 
 
 13. HERMrNIUM. 
 
 6. TRIGLOCHIN. 
 
 baccata. 
 
 Monorchis. 
 14. ACERAS. 
 
 palustre. 
 maritimum. 
 
 80. Trilliaceee. 
 
 IP ATFTQ 
 
 anthropophora. 
 15. CEPHALANTHERA. 
 
 87, Asparagaceae. 
 
 I A Ul^. 
 
 quadrifolia. 
 
 rubra. 
 ensifolia. 
 
 1. Ruscus. 
 aculeatas. 
 
 81. Dioscoreaceee. 
 
 grandiflora. 
 16. OPHRYS. 
 
 2. SMILACINA. 
 bifolia. 
 
 1. TAMUS. 
 
 apifera. 
 
 3. CONVALLARIA. 
 
 communis. 
 
 aranifera. 
 
 majalis.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 135 
 
 4. ASPARAGUS. 
 
 balticus. 
 
 heterophyllus. 
 
 officinalis. 
 
 filiformis. 
 
 lucens. 
 
 5. POLYGONATUM. 
 
 obtusiflorus. 
 
 praelongus. 
 
 verticillatum. 
 
 articulatus. 
 
 perfoliatus. 
 
 multiflorum. 
 
 capitatus. 
 
 crispus. 
 
 officinale. 
 
 pygmaeus. 
 
 densus. 
 
 
 bufonius. 
 
 compressus. 
 
 88. Liliaceee. 
 
 compressus. 
 squarrosus. 
 
 obtusifolius. 
 pusillus. 
 
 1. LLOYDIA. 
 
 2. LUZULA. 
 
 trichoides. 
 
 serotina. 
 
 Forsteri. 
 
 pectinatus. 
 
 2. TULIPA. 
 
 pilosa. 
 
 
 sylvestris. 
 
 sylvatica. 
 
 96. Naiadaceaa. 
 
 3. FRITILLARIA. 
 Meleagris. 
 4. GAGEA. 
 lutea. 
 
 campestris. 
 arcuata. 
 spicata. 
 
 1. NAIAS. 
 flexilis. 
 2. ZOSTERA. 
 
 5. ALLIUM. 
 
 91. Eriocaulaceae. 
 
 marina. 
 
 Am peloprasum . 
 Scorodoprasum. 
 sphaerocephalum. 
 
 1. ERIOCAULON. 
 septangulare. 
 
 nana. 
 97. Cyperaceae. 
 
 vineale. 
 
 
 1. CAREX. 
 
 oleraceum. 
 
 92. Typhaceae. 
 
 dioica. 
 
 Schoenoprasuin. 
 
 1. TYPHA. 
 
 pulicaris. 
 
 triquetrum. 
 
 latifolia. 
 
 rupestris. 
 
 ursinum. 
 6. MUSCARI. 
 
 angustifolia. 
 2. SPARGANIUM. 
 
 pauciflora. 
 incurva. 
 
 racemosum. 
 
 ramosum. 
 
 divisa. 
 
 7. EXDYMION. 
 
 simplex. 
 
 disticha. 
 
 nutans. 
 
 atliuu. 
 
 arenaria. 
 
 8. LILIUSI. 
 
 minimum. 
 
 teretiuscula. 
 
 Martagon. 
 
 natans. 
 
 paniculata. 
 
 9. SCILLA. 
 
 
 vulpina. 
 
 autumnalis. 
 verna. 
 
 93. Araceag. 
 
 muricata. 
 stellulata. 
 
 10. ORNITHOGALUM. 
 
 1. ARUM. 
 
 remota. 
 
 nutaus. 
 
 maculatum. 
 
 axillaris. 
 
 umbellatum. 
 
 italicum. 
 
 elongata. 
 
 pyrenaicam. 
 
 2. ACORUS. 
 
 canescens. 
 
 11. SIMETHIS. 
 
 Calamus. 
 
 lagopina. 
 
 bicolor. 
 
 
 leporina. 
 
 
 94. Lemnaceae. 
 
 alpina. 
 
 89. Melanthacese. 
 
 1. WOLFFIA. 
 arhiza. 
 
 atrata. 
 Buxbaumii. 
 
 1. NARTHECIUM. 
 
 2. LEMNA. 
 
 stricta. 
 
 ossifragum. 
 
 trisulca. 
 
 acuta. 
 
 2. TOFIELDIA. 
 
 minor. 
 
 aquatilis. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 gibba. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 3. COLCHICUM. 
 
 autumuale. 
 
 ^vw 
 
 polyrhiza. 
 
 glauca. 
 limosa. 
 
 90. Juncaceae. 
 
 95. Potamogeto- 
 naceae. 
 
 digitata. 
 onitbopoda. 
 humilis. 
 
 1. JUNCUS. 
 
 1. ZANNICHELLIA. 
 
 montana. 
 
 trifidus. 
 
 palustris. 
 
 pilulifera. 
 
 castnneus. 
 
 2. RUPPIA. 
 
 ericetorum. 
 
 triglumis. 
 
 maritima. 
 
 praecox. 
 
 biglumis. 
 
 rostellata. 
 
 tomentosa. 
 
 acutus. 
 
 3. POTAMOGETON. 
 
 pallescens. 
 
 maritiraus. 
 
 natans. 
 
 panicea. 
 
 communis. 
 
 rufescens. 
 
 vaginata. 
 
 glaucus. 
 
 lanccolatus. 
 
 capillaris.
 
 136 
 
 British Wild Flowers 
 
 pendula. 
 
 2. HORDEUM. 
 
 23. APERA. 
 
 strigosa. 
 
 sylvaticum. 
 
 Spica-venti. 
 
 depauperate. 
 
 pratense. 
 
 interrupta. 
 
 sylvatica. 
 
 murinum. 
 
 24. CALAMAGROSTIS. 
 
 laevigata. 
 
 maritimum. 
 
 Epigeios. 
 
 binervis. 
 
 3. LAGURUS. 
 
 lanceolata. 
 
 distans. 
 
 ovatus. 
 
 stricta. 
 
 punctate, 
 frigida. 
 exteusa. 
 
 4. POLYPOGON. 
 monspeliensis. 
 littoralis. 
 
 25. SESLERIA. 
 caerulea. 
 26. KCELERIA. 
 
 flava. 
 filifoiinis. 
 
 5. PHLEUM. 
 
 cristate. 
 27. CYNOSURUS. 
 
 hirta. 
 
 alpinum. 
 
 cristatus. 
 
 Pseudo-cyperus. 
 paludosa. 
 
 pratense. 
 Boehmeri. 
 
 echinatus. 
 
 28. LOLItJM. 
 
 
 arenarium. 
 
 
 nparia. 
 
 
 perenne. 
 
 ampullacea. 
 
 6. PHALARIS. 
 
 italicum. 
 
 vesicaria. 
 
 canariensis. 
 
 temulentum. 
 
 pulla. 
 
 7. SETARIA. 
 
 29. TRITICUM. 
 
 2. KOBRESIA. 
 
 yiridis. 
 
 caninum. 
 
 caricina. 
 
 8. PSAMMA. 
 
 repens. 
 
 3. SCHCENUS. 
 
 arenaria. 
 
 pungens. 
 
 nigricans. 
 
 baltica. 
 
 acutum. 
 
 4. CYPERUS. 
 fuscus. 
 longus. 
 
 9. ALOPECURUS. 
 agrestis. 
 fulvus. 
 
 junceum. 
 30. BRACHYPODIUM. 
 sylvaticum. 
 
 5. ERIOPHORUM. 
 alpinum. 
 
 geniculatus. 
 bulbosus. 
 
 pinnatum. 
 31. ELYMUS. 
 
 vaginatum. 
 angustifolium. 
 gracile. 
 
 pratensis. 
 alpinus. 
 
 arenarius. 
 32. TRIODIA. 
 decumbens. 
 
 latifolium. 
 
 10. ANTHOXANTHUM. 
 
 33. PHRAGMITES. 
 
 6. ELEOCHARIS. 
 
 odoratum. 
 
 communis. 
 
 acicularis. 
 palustris. 
 
 11. GASTRIDICM. 
 lendigerum. 
 
 34. HlEROCHLOE. 
 
 boreal is. 
 
 multicaulis. 
 pauciliora. 
 caespitosa. 
 parvula. 
 7. RHYNCHOSPORA. 
 
 12. NARDUS. 
 stricta. 
 13. CHAHAGROSTIS. 
 minima. 
 14. CYNODON. 
 
 35. CATABROSA. 
 aquatica. 
 36. MOLINIA. 
 
 caerulea. 
 
 fusca. 
 
 Dactylon. 
 
 37. POA. 
 
 alba. 
 
 15. DIGIT ARIA. 
 
 annua. 
 
 8. BLYSMUS. 
 
 humifusa. 
 
 bulbosa. 
 
 compressus. 
 
 16. SPARTINA. 
 
 alpina. 
 
 rufus. 
 
 stricta. 
 
 stricta. 
 
 9. SCIRPUS. 
 
 alterniflora. 
 
 laxa. 
 
 lacustris. 
 triqueter. 
 
 17. ECHINOCHLOA. 
 
 Crus-galli. 
 
 glauca. 
 nemoralis. 
 
 pungens. 
 
 18. LEERSIA. 
 
 compressa. 
 
 maritimus. 
 sylvaticus. 
 
 oryzoides. 
 19. MELICA. 
 
 pratensis. 
 trivialis. 
 
 10. ISOLEPIS. 
 
 nutans. 
 
 38. BRIZA. 
 
 fluitans. 
 
 uniflora. 
 
 media. 
 
 Savii. 
 
 20. MILIUM. 
 
 minor. 
 
 setaceus. 
 
 effusum. 
 
 39. FESTUCA. 
 
 Holoschoenus. 
 
 21. DlGRAPHIS. 
 
 uniglumis. 
 
 11. CLADIUM. 
 
 arundinaceae. 
 
 Myurus. 
 
 Mariscus. 
 
 22. AGROSTIS. 
 
 sciuroides. 
 
 08. Gramineae. 
 
 setacea. 
 canina. 
 
 ovina. 
 rubra. 
 
 1. LEPTURCS. 
 
 alba. 
 
 duriuscula. 
 
 filiformis. 
 
 vulgaris. 
 
 sylvatica.
 
 by Analytical Illustrations. 
 
 137 
 
 elatior. 
 
 sylvaticum. 
 
 5. HYMENOPHYLLUM. 
 
 pratensis. 
 
 palustre. 
 
 tunbridgense. 
 
 gigantea. 
 
 limosum. 
 
 unilaterale. 
 
 40. SCLEROCHLOA. 
 
 hyemale. 
 
 6. ADIANTUM. 
 
 maritinia. 
 
 variegatum. 
 
 Capill us-Vener is. 
 
 distans. 
 
 
 7. PTERIS. 
 
 Borreri. 
 
 100. Characeee. 
 
 aquilina. 
 
 procumbens. 
 
 1 ClIARA 
 
 8. BLECHNUM. 
 
 rigida. 
 loliacea. 
 
 flexilis. 
 
 boreale. 
 9. CRYPTOGRAMME. 
 
 41. GLYCERIA. 
 fluitans. 
 
 syncarpa. 
 translucens. 
 
 crispa. 
 10. POLYPODIUM. 
 
 plicata. 
 aquatica. 
 42. ARRHENATIIERUM. 
 elatius. 
 
 mucronata. 
 gracilis. 
 tenuissima. 
 glomerata. 
 
 vulgare. 
 Phegopteris. 
 Dryopteris. 
 Robertianum. 
 
 43. HOLCUS. 
 mollis. 
 
 intricata. 
 alopecuroides. 
 
 alpestre. 
 11. WOODSIA. 
 
 lanatus. 
 44. CORYNEPHORUS. 
 canescens. 
 
 crinita. 
 foetida. 
 hispida. 
 
 hyperborea. 
 ilvensis. 
 12. LASTREA. 
 
 45. AIRA. 
 
 tomentosa. 
 
 Filix-mas. 
 
 caespitosa. 
 uliginosa. 
 
 aspera. 
 fragilis. 
 
 rigida. 
 cristata. 
 
 flexuosa. 
 caryophyllea. 
 
 101. Lycopodiaceee. 
 
 spinulosa. 
 dilatata. 
 
 praecox. 
 
 1. ISOBTES. 
 
 aemula. 
 
 46. AVENA. 
 
 lacustris. 
 
 Thelypteris. 
 
 pubescens. 
 
 echinospora. 
 
 Oreopteris. 
 
 pratensis. 
 
 Hystrix. 
 
 13. POLYSTICHUM. 
 
 strigosa. 
 
 2. LYCOPODIUM. 
 
 Lonchitis. 
 
 fatua. 
 
 clavatum. 
 
 aculeatum. 
 
 47. TRISETUM. 
 
 annotinum. 
 
 angulare. 
 
 flavescens. 
 
 alpinum. 
 
 14. CYSTOPTERIS. 
 
 48. DACTYLI& 
 
 inundatum. 
 
 fragilis. 
 
 glomerata. 
 
 Selago. 
 
 montana. 
 
 49. BROMUS. 
 
 Selaginoides. 
 
 15. GYMNOGRAMME. 
 
 asper. 
 
 
 leptophylla. 
 
 erectus. 
 
 102. Marsileaceee. 
 
 16. ATHYRIUM. 
 
 madritensis. 
 
 1. PlLULARIA. 
 
 Filix-fsemina. 
 
 maximus. 
 sterilis. 
 
 globulifera. 
 
 17. ASPLENIUM. 
 Ruta-muraria. 
 
 secalinus. 
 racemosus. 
 
 103. Filices. 
 
 germanicum. 
 septentrionale. 
 
 commutatus. 
 
 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM. 
 
 Trichomanes. 
 
 mollis. 
 
 vulgatum. 
 
 viride. 
 
 arvensis. 
 
 lusitanicum. 
 
 marinum. 
 
 99. Equisetaceae. 
 
 2. BOTRYCIIIUM. 
 Lunaria. 
 
 lanceolatum. 
 Adiantum-nigrum. 
 
 1. EQUISETUM. 
 
 3. OSMUNDA. 
 
 18. CETERACH. 
 
 arvense. 
 
 regal is. 
 
 officinarum. 
 
 pratense. 
 
 4. TRICHOMANES. 
 
 19. SCOLOPENDRIUM. 
 
 maximum. 
 
 radicans. 
 
 vulgare.
 
 33 
 
 Index of the Orders and Genera. 
 
 INDEX OF THE ORDERS AND GENERA. 
 
 1 J*L> 
 
 Acer, 52 
 
 Aristolochia, 94 
 
 Camelina, 44 
 
 ACERACTLB, 52, 18, 28 
 
 ARISTOLOCHIACKB, 94, 32 
 
 Campanula, 80 
 
 Aceras, 102 
 
 Arineria, 92 
 
 CAMPANCLACEJE, 80, 24 
 
 Acbillea, 78 
 
 Armoracia, 44 
 
 CANNABINACE.>E, 98, 30 
 
 Aconitum, 40 
 
 Arnoseris, 74 
 
 CAPRIFOLTACE^E, 70, 24 
 
 Acorus, 108 
 
 Arrhenatherum, 118 
 
 Capsella, 44 
 
 Ac-tea, 40 
 
 Artemisia, 76 
 
 Cardamine, 46 
 
 Actinocarpus, 104 
 
 Arthrolobium, 56 
 
 Carduus, 76 
 
 Adiantum, 122 
 
 Arum, 108 
 
 Car ex, 110 
 
 Adonis, 40 
 
 Asarum, 94 
 
 Carlina, 76 
 
 Adoxa, 70 
 
 ASPARAOACEJE, 106, 34 , Carpinus, 98 
 
 -iEgopodium, 64 
 
 Asparagus, 106 
 
 Carum, 66 
 
 .(Ethusa, 68 
 
 Asperugo, 84 
 
 CARTOPHTLLACE^, 50, 22, 
 
 Agrimonia, 58 
 
 Asperula, 72 
 
 32 
 
 Agrostis, 114 
 
 Asplenium, 122 
 
 Castanea, 98 
 
 Aira, 118 
 
 Aster, 78 
 
 Catabrosa, 1 18 
 
 Ajuga, 88 
 
 Astragalus, 56 
 
 Caucalis, 64 
 
 Alchemilln, 58 
 
 Astrantia, 64 
 
 CELASTRACEJE, 54, 18 
 
 Alisma, 104 
 
 Athyrium, 122 
 
 Centuurea, 76 
 
 AUSMACEJE, 104, 34, 36 
 
 Atriplex, 92 
 
 Centrantlms, 72 
 
 Alliaria. 46 
 
 Atropa, 84 
 
 Centunculus, 90 
 
 Allium, 106 
 
 Avena, 118 
 
 Ceplialanthera, 102 
 
 Alnus, 98 
 
 Azalea, 80 
 
 Cerastium, 50 
 
 Alopecurus, 112 
 
 Ballota, 88 CEBATOPHYLLACE.E,96,30 
 
 Alsine, 50 
 
 BAWAMINACKE, 54, 22 Ceratophyllum, 96 
 
 Althaea, 52 
 
 Barbarea, 46 
 
 Ceteracli, 122 
 
 Alyssum, 44 
 
 Bartsia, 86 
 
 Chaerophyllum, 64, 66 
 
 AMARANTHACKS:, 92, 32 
 
 Bellis, 78 Chamagrostis, 114 
 
 Amaranthus, 92 i BERBERIDACE.S, 42,18, 20 Chara, 120 
 
 AMABYLLiDACE.s,104,34 , Bcrberis, 42 
 
 CHARACEJE, 120, 38 
 
 AMENTACEJB, 98, 28 
 
 Beta, 92 
 
 Cheiranthus, 46 
 
 Anacharis, 100 
 
 Betula, 98 
 
 Chelidonium, 42 
 
 Anagallis, 90 
 
 Bidens, 76 
 
 CHENOPOOIACELB, 92, 30, 
 
 Anchusa, 84 
 
 Blechnum, 122 
 
 32 
 
 Andromeda. 80 
 
 Blysmus, 110 
 
 Chenopodium, 92 
 
 Anemone, 40 
 
 BORAGINACEJE, 84, 26 
 
 Cherleria, 50 
 
 Angelica, 68 
 
 Borago, 84 
 
 Clilora, 82 
 
 Antennaria, 76 
 
 Botrycbium, 122 
 
 Chrysanthemum, 78 
 
 Anthemis, 78 
 
 Brachypodium, 116 
 
 Chrysosplenium, 62 
 
 Antlioxanthum, 112 
 
 Brassica, 46 
 
 Cicendia, 82 
 
 Anthyllis, 56 
 
 Briza, 118 
 
 Cichorium, 74 
 
 Antirrhinum, 86 
 
 Bromus, 118 
 
 Cicuta, 66 
 
 Apera, 114 
 
 Bryonia, 60 
 
 Circsea, 60 
 
 Apium, 66 
 
 Bupleurum, 64 
 
 CISTACE^:, 48, 18, 20, 22 
 
 APOCYNACKB, 82, 26 
 
 Butomus, 104 
 
 Cladium, 110 
 
 AQCIFOLIACRB, fcO, 26 Buxus, 96 
 
 Claytonia, 62 
 
 Aquilc-gia, 40 Cakile, 44 
 
 Clematis, 40 
 
 Arabia, 46 Calamagrostis, 114 
 
 Cochlearia, 44 
 
 ARACE.E, 108, 32, 34, 36 Calamintha, 88 Colchicum, 108 
 
 Arbutus, 80 CALLITRICHACE^:, 96, 30 Comarum, 58 
 
 Aretium, 76 Callitriclie, 96 
 
 COMPOSITE, 74, 24 
 
 Arctostaphylos, 80 Calluna, 80 
 
 CONIFERS, 100, 28 
 
 Arenarta, 50 Caltha, 40 
 
 Conium, 66
 
 Index of the Orders and Genera. 
 
 139 
 
 Convallaria, 106 
 
 Epimedium, 42 
 
 Helosciadium, 66 
 
 CONVOLVULACE.E, 82, 26 
 
 Epipactis, 102 
 
 Heracleum, 68 
 
 Convolvulus, 82 
 
 Epipogum, 102 
 
 Herminium, 102 
 
 Corallorhiza, 102 
 
 EQUISETACE^:, 120, 38 
 
 Herniaria, 62 
 
 Coriandrum, 68 
 
 Equisetum, 120 
 
 Hesperis, 46 
 
 CORNACE.E, 70, 24 
 
 Eranthis, 40 
 
 Hieracium, 74 
 
 Cornus, 70 
 
 Erica, 80 
 
 Hierochloe, 118 
 
 Corrigiola, 62 
 
 ERICACE^, 80, 22, 2i, 26 
 
 Hippocrepis, 56 
 
 Corydalis, 42 
 
 Erigeron, 78 
 
 Hippophae, 94 
 
 Corylus, 98 
 
 ERIOCAULACE^E, 108, 36 
 
 Hippuris, 60 
 
 C!orynephorus, 118 
 
 Eriocaulon, 108 
 
 Holcus, 118 
 
 Cotoneaster, 58 
 
 Eriophorum, 110 
 
 Holosteum, 50 
 
 Cotyledon, 62 
 
 Erodium, 52 
 
 Honkeneya, 50 
 
 Crambe, 44 
 
 Eryngium, 64 
 
 Hordeum, 112 
 
 CRASSULACE^, 62, 20, 26 
 
 Erysimura, 46 
 
 Hottonia, 90 
 
 Cratsegus, 58 
 
 Erythraa, 82 
 
 Humulus, 98 
 
 Crepis, 74 
 
 Euonymus, 54 
 
 Hutchinsia, 44 
 
 Crithmum, 68 
 
 Eupatorium, 76 
 
 HYDROCHARIDACE^E, 100, 
 
 Crocus, 104 
 
 Euphorbia, 96 
 
 34 
 
 CRUCIFER^:, 44, 20 
 
 EDPHORBIACE^:, 96, 28, 32 
 
 Hydrocharis, 100 
 
 Cryptogramme, 122 
 
 Euphrasia, 86 
 
 Hydrocotyle, 64 
 
 CUCURBITACE^;, 60, 24, 32 
 
 Fagopyrum, 94 
 
 Hymenophyllum, 122 
 
 Cuscuta, 82 
 
 Fagus, 98 
 
 Hyoscyamus, 84 
 
 Cyclamen, 90 
 
 Festuca, 116, 118 
 
 HYPERICACEJS, 52, 18, 22 ' 
 
 Cynodon, 114 
 
 Filago, 76 
 
 Hypericum, 52 
 
 Cynoglossum, 84 
 
 FILICES, 122, 38 
 
 Hypochseris, 74 
 
 Cynosurus, 116 
 
 Foeniculum, 68 
 
 Iberis, 44 
 
 CYPERACE.E, 110, 36 
 
 Fragaria, 58 
 
 Ilex, 80 
 
 Cyperus, 110 
 
 Frankenia, 48 
 
 Illecebrum, 62 
 
 Cypripedium, 102 
 
 FRANKENIACEJE, 48, 20 
 
 Impatiens, 54 
 
 Cystopteris, 122 
 
 Fraxinus, 82 
 
 Inula, 78 
 
 Dactylis, 118 
 
 Fritillaria, 106 
 
 IRIDACE^;, 104, 34 
 
 Daphne, 94 
 
 Fumaria, 42 
 
 Iris, 104 
 
 Datura, 84 
 
 FUMARIACE^:, 42, 20 
 
 Isatis, 44 
 
 Daucus, 64 
 
 Gagea, 106 
 
 Isnardia, 60 
 
 Delphinium, 40 
 
 Galantlms, 104 
 
 Isoetes, 120 
 
 Dentaria, 46 
 
 Galeopsis, 88 
 
 Isolepis, 110 
 
 Diantlius, 50 
 
 Galinsoga, 78 
 
 Jasione, 80 
 
 Digitalis, 86 
 
 Galium, 72 
 
 JASMINACE.&, 82, 26, 28 
 
 Digitaria, 114 
 
 Gastridium, 112 
 
 JUNCACE^:, 108, 36 
 
 Digraphis, 114 
 
 Genista, 56 
 
 Juucus, 108 
 
 DIOSCOREACE^;, 100,32,34 
 
 Gentiana, 82 
 
 Juniperus, 100 
 
 Diotis, 76 
 
 GENTIANACE;E, 82, 26 
 
 Knautia, 72 
 
 Diplotaxis, 46 
 
 GERANIACELS;, 52, 22 
 
 Kobresia, 110 
 
 DlPSACACE-ffl, 72, 24 
 
 Geranium, 52 
 
 Koeleria, 116 
 
 Dipsacus, 72 
 
 Geum, 58 
 
 LABIATE, 86, 26 
 
 Doronicum, 78 
 
 Gladiolus, 104 
 
 Lactuca, 74 
 
 Draba, 44 
 
 Glaucium, 42 
 
 Lagurus, 112 
 
 Drosera, 48 
 
 Glaux, 90 
 
 Lamium, 88 
 
 DROSERACE^E, 48, 20 
 
 Glyceria, 118 
 
 Lapsana, 74 
 
 Dryas, 58 
 
 Gnaphalium, 76 
 
 Lastrea, 122 
 
 Echinochloa, 114 
 
 Goodyera, 102 
 
 Lathrasa, 86 
 
 Echium, 84 
 
 GRAMINE^:, 112,36 
 
 Lathyrus, 56 
 
 EL.ffiAGNACE.2E, 91, 28 
 
 Gymnadenia, 102 
 
 Lavatera, 52 
 
 ELATINAOE^E, 48, 22 
 
 Gymnogramme, 122 
 
 Leersia, 114 
 
 Klattne, 48 
 
 Habenariii, 102 
 
 LEGCMINOS^;, 56, 18, 20 
 
 Eleocharis, 110 
 
 HALORAGACE/E, 60, 24, 30 
 
 Lemna, 10S 
 
 Elymus, 116 
 
 Hedera, 70 
 
 LEMNACE^!, 108, 30, 36 
 
 EHPETRACE.E, 96, 18, 28 
 
 HEDERACE^E, 70, 24, 28 
 
 LENTIBULARIAOE^;, 90, 26 
 
 Empntrum, 96 
 
 Helianthemum, 48 
 
 Leontodon, 74 
 
 Endymion, 106 
 
 Helleborus,40 
 
 Leonurus, 88 
 
 Epilobium, 60 
 
 Helminthia, 74 
 
 Lepidtum, 44
 
 140 
 
 Index of the Orders and Genera. 
 
 Lepturus, 112 
 
 Mnscari, 106 
 
 Pinus, 100 
 
 Leucojum, 104 
 
 Myosotis, 84 
 
 PLANTAGINACE*, 92, 26, 
 
 Ligusticum, 68 
 
 Myosurus, 40 
 
 32 
 
 Ligustrum, 82 
 
 Myrica, 98 
 
 Plantago, 92 
 
 LiLiACiifi, 106, 34 
 
 Myriophyllum, 60 
 
 PLDMBAGINACELS;, 92, 26 
 
 Lilium, 106 
 
 Myrrhis, 66 
 
 Poa, 118 
 
 Limnauthemum, 82 
 
 NAIADACE.E, 110, 36 
 
 POLEMONIACB^K, 82, 26 
 
 Limosella, 86 
 
 Naias, 110 
 
 Polemonium, 82 
 
 LINACE/E, 54, 22 ? 
 
 Narcissus, 104 
 
 Polycarpon, 50 
 
 Linaria, 86 
 
 Nardus, 114 
 
 Polygala, 48 
 
 Linnaea, 70 
 
 Narthecium, 108 
 
 POLYGALACEJE, 48, 22, 26 
 
 Linosyris, 76 
 
 Nasturtium, 44, 45 
 
 POLYGONACE.S:, 94, 30 
 
 Linum, 54 
 
 Neotinea, 102 
 
 Polygonatum, 106 
 
 Liparis, 102 
 
 Neottia, 102 
 
 Polygonum, 94 
 
 Listera, 102 
 
 Nepeta, 88 
 
 Polypodium, 122 
 
 Lithosperinum, 84 
 
 Nuphar, 42 
 
 Polypogou, Il2 
 
 Littorella, 92 
 
 Nymphsea, 42 
 
 Polystichum, 122 
 
 Lloydia, 106 
 
 NYMPaZBACEJE, 42, 20 
 
 Populus, 9fc 
 
 Lobelia, 80 
 
 GEnantlie, 68 
 
 PoBTrLACE^;, 62, 22, 26 
 
 Lolium, 116 
 
 CEnothera, 60 
 
 Potamogeton, 110 
 
 Lonicera, 70 
 
 ONAGBACKE, 60, 24, 32 
 
 POTAMOGETONACE^:, 110, 
 
 LOBANTHACKS, 70, 24, 28 
 
 Onobrychis, 56 
 
 36 
 
 Lotus, 56 
 
 Ononis, 56 
 
 PotentiUa, 58 
 
 Luzula, 108 
 
 Onopordum, 76 
 
 Poterium, 58 
 
 Lychnis, 50 
 
 Ophioglossum, 122 
 
 Primula, 90 
 
 Lycium, 84 
 
 Ophrys, 102 
 
 PKrauLACEa;, 90, 26, 32 
 
 LYCOPODIACHS;, 120, 38 
 
 OBCHIDACRB, 102, 34 
 
 Prunella, 88 
 
 Lycopodium, 120 
 
 Orchis, 102 
 
 Pmnus, 58 
 
 Lycopais, 84 
 
 Origanum, 88 
 
 Psamma, 112 
 
 LycopuB, 88 
 
 Ornithogalum, 106 
 
 Pteris, 122 
 
 Lysimachia, 90 
 
 Ornithopus, 56 
 
 Pulicaria, 78 
 
 LYTHBACK.E, 60, 22, 32 
 
 Orobanche, 86 
 
 Pulmonaria, 84 
 
 Lythrum, 60 
 
 OROBANCHACKE, 86, 26 
 
 Pyrola, 80 
 
 Malaxis, 102 
 
 Orobus, 56 
 
 Pyrus, 58 
 
 Malva, 52 
 
 Osmunda, 122 
 
 Quercus, 98 
 
 MALVACELS, 52, 18, 22 
 
 OXALIDACEJE, 54, 22 
 
 Radiola, 54 
 
 Marrubium, 88 
 
 Oxalis, 54 
 
 RANTJNCULACKS, 40, 20, 
 
 MARSILEAC&E, 120, 38 
 
 Oxyria, 94 
 
 32 
 
 Matricaria, 78 
 
 Oxytropis, 56 
 
 Ranunculus, 40 
 
 Matthiola, 46 
 
 Pseonia, 40 
 
 Raphanus, 46 
 
 Meconopsis, 42 
 
 Papaver, 42 
 
 Reseda, 48 
 
 Medicago, 56 
 
 PAPAVEBACKE, 42, 20 
 
 RESEDACE^E, 48, 20 
 
 Melampyrum, 86 
 
 Parietaria, 96 
 
 RHAMNACILE, 54, 18, 28 
 
 MELANTHACE.E, 108, 34 
 
 Paris, 100 
 
 Rhamnus, 54 
 
 Melioa, 114, 116 
 
 Parnassia, 62 
 
 Rhinanthus, 86 
 
 Melilotus, 56 
 
 PARONYCHIACELS, 62, 22, 
 
 Rhynchospora, 110 
 
 Melissa, 88 
 
 30,32 
 
 Ribes, 62 
 
 Melittis, 88 
 
 Pastinaca, 68 
 
 RlBESIACEL, 62, 24 
 
 Mentha, 88 
 
 Pedicularis, 86 
 
 Rocmeria, 42 
 
 Menyanthes, 82 
 
 Peplis, 60 
 
 Rosa, 58 
 
 Menziesia, 80 
 
 Petasites, 76 
 
 ROSACEJE, 58, 18, 20, 24, 
 
 Mercurialis, 96 
 
 Petroselinum, 66 
 
 30 
 
 Mertensia, 84 
 
 Peuceclanum, 68 
 
 Rubia, 72 
 
 Mespilus, 58 
 
 Phalaris, 112 
 
 RUBIACE.S, 72, 24 
 
 Meum, 68 
 
 Phleum, 112 
 
 Rubus, 58 
 
 Milium, 114 
 
 Phragmites, 118 
 
 Rumex, 94 
 
 Mimulus, 86 
 
 Physospermum, 66 
 
 Ruppia, 110 
 
 MoBQchia, 50 
 
 Phyteuma, 80 
 
 Ruscus, 106 
 
 Molinin, 118 
 
 Picris, 74 
 
 Sagina, 50 
 
 Monotropa, 80 
 
 Pilularia, 120 
 
 Sagittaria, 104 
 
 Montia, 62 
 
 Pimpinella, 66 
 
 Salicornia, 92 
 
 Mulgedium, 74 
 
 Pinguicula, 90 
 
 Salix, 98
 
 Index of the Orders and Genera. 
 
 141 
 
 Salsola, 92 
 
 Sisyrinchiuna, 104 
 
 Tragopogon, 74 
 
 Sal via, 88 
 
 Slum, 66 
 
 Trichomanes, 122 
 
 Sambucus, 70 
 
 Smilacina, 106 
 
 Trichonema, 104 
 
 Samolus, 90 
 
 Smyrnium, 64 
 
 Trientalis, 90 
 
 Sanguisorba, 58 
 
 SOLANACE^!, 84, 26 
 
 Trifolium, 56 
 
 Sanicula, 64 ' 
 
 Soianum, 84 
 
 Triglochin, 104 
 
 SANTALACE.S, 94, 32 
 
 Solidago, 78 
 
 Trigonella, 56 
 
 Saponaria, 50 
 
 Sonchus, 74 
 
 TBILLIACE2E, 100, 32, 34 
 
 Sarothamnus, 56 
 
 Sparganium, 108 
 
 Triuia, 66 
 
 Saussurea, 76 
 
 Spartina, 114 
 
 Triodia, 116 
 
 Saxifraga, 62 
 
 Specularia, 80 
 
 Trisetum, 118 
 
 SAXIFBAGACEJE, 62, 20, 22, 
 
 Spergula, 50 
 
 Triticum, 116 
 
 24, 32 
 
 Spergularia, 50 
 
 Trollius, 40 
 
 Scabiosa, 72 
 
 Spiraea, 58 
 
 Tulipa, 106 
 
 Scandix, 66 
 
 Spiranthes, 102 
 
 Tussilago, 78 
 
 Scheuchzeria, 104 
 
 Stachys, 88 
 
 Typha, 108 
 
 Schoenus, 110 
 
 Staphylea, 54 
 
 TYPHACE^:, 108, 36 
 
 Scilla, 106 
 
 Statice, 92 
 
 Ulex, 56 
 
 Scirpus, 110 
 
 Stellaria, 50 
 
 ULMACEJE, 98, 28 
 
 Scleranthus, 62 
 
 Stratiotes, 100 
 
 Ulmus, 98 
 
 Sclerochloa, 116, 118 
 
 Suseda, 92 
 
 UMBELLIFER., 64, 24, 32 
 
 Scolopendrium, 122 
 
 Subularia, 44 
 
 Urtica, 96 
 
 Scroplmlaria, 86 
 
 Symphytum, 84 
 
 UBTICACEJE, 96, 30 
 
 SCROPHULARIACE^;, 86, 26 
 
 TAMAKISCACE^;, 60, 18 
 
 Utricularia, 90 
 
 Scutellaria, 88 
 
 Tamarix, 60 
 
 Vacciniura, 80 
 
 Sedum, 62 . 
 
 Tamus, 100 
 
 Vfleriana, 72 
 
 Sempervivum, 62 
 
 Tanacetum, 76 
 
 VALEBIANACE^E, 72, 24 
 
 Senebiera, 44 
 
 Taraxacum, 74 
 
 Valerianella, 72 
 
 Senecio, 78 
 
 Taxus, 100 
 
 Verbascum, 86 
 
 Serratula, 76 
 
 Teesdalia, 44 
 
 Verbena, 90 
 
 Seseli, 64 
 
 Teuerium, 88 
 
 VEKBENACE^;, 90, 26 
 
 Sesleria, 116 
 
 Thalictrum, 40 
 
 Veronica, 86 
 
 S.-taria, 112 
 
 Thesium, 94 
 
 Viburnum, 70 
 
 Sherardia, 72 
 
 Thlaspi, 44 
 
 Vicia, 56 
 
 Sibbaldia, 58 
 
 Thrincia, 74 
 
 Vinca, 82 
 
 Sibthorpia, 86 
 
 THYMELACE^!, 94, 28 
 
 Viola, 18 
 
 Silaus, 68 
 
 Thymus, 88 
 
 VlOLACE^!, 48, 20 
 
 Silene, 50 
 
 Tilia, 52 
 
 Viscum, 70 
 
 Silybum, 76 
 
 TILIACE^E, 52, 18 
 
 Wahlenbergia, 80 
 
 Siraethis, 106 
 
 TILUS;A, 62 
 
 Wolffla, 108 
 
 Sinapis, 46 
 
 Tofieldia, 108 
 
 Woodsia, 122 
 
 Sison, 66 
 
 Tordylium, 64, 68 
 
 Zannichellia, 110 
 
 Sisymbrium, 46 
 
 Torilia, 64 
 
 Zoatera, 110
 
 142 
 
 Index of the English A 7 ames. 
 
 INDEX OF THE ENGLISH NAMES. 
 
 Adder's-tongue, 123 
 
 Birds-foot, 57 
 
 Bur-Marigold, 77 
 
 Agrimony, 59 
 
 Bird's-foot Trefoil, 57 
 
 Burnet-Saxifrnge, G7 
 
 Alder, 99 
 
 Bird's-nest, 103 
 
 Bur-reed, 109 
 
 Alexanders, 65 
 
 BIRTH WORT FAM., 95, 33 
 
 Butcher's Broom, 107 
 
 Alkanet, 85 
 
 Birthwort, 95 
 
 Butteibur, 77 
 
 All-seed, 55 
 
 BishopVweed, 65 
 
 BUTTEUCUP FAM., 41, 21, 
 
 Alyssum, 45 
 
 Bistort, 95 
 
 33 
 
 AMARANTH FAM., 93, 33 Bitter-oress, 47 
 
 Buttercup, 41 
 
 Amaranth, 93 
 
 Bitter Vetch, 57 
 
 BUTTERWORT FAM., 91, 
 
 Anemone, 41 
 
 Blackberry, 59 
 
 27 
 
 Angelica, 69 
 
 Black Bryony, 101 Butterwort, 91 
 
 Apple, 59 
 
 Horehound, 89 Cabbage, 47 
 
 Arrow-grass, 105 
 
 Saltwort, 91 
 
 Calamint, 89 
 
 Arrow-head, 105 
 
 Bladder-fern, 123 
 
 Campion, 51 
 
 ARUM FAM., 109, 33, 35, 
 
 Bladder-nut, 55 
 
 Canary-grass, 113 
 
 37 
 
 Bladder-seed, 67 
 
 Candy-tuft, 45 
 
 Asarabacca, 95 
 
 Bladderwort, 91 
 
 Caraway, 67 
 
 Ash, 83 
 
 Blinks, 63 
 
 Carline Thistle, 77 
 
 ASPARAGUS FAM., 107, 35 
 
 Blue-bell, 107 
 
 Carnation, 51 
 
 Asparagus, 107 
 
 Blue-eyed-grass, 105 
 
 Carrot, 65 
 
 Astrantia, 65 
 
 Blue Sowthistle, 75 
 
 Catchfly, 51 
 
 Avens, 59 
 
 Blysmus, 111 
 
 CATKIN FAM., 99, 29 
 
 Awl- won, 45 
 
 Bog-Asphodel, 109 
 
 Cat-Mint, 89 
 
 Azalea, 81 
 
 Bogbean, 83 
 
 Cat's-ear, 75 
 
 Bald-money, 69 
 
 Bog-myrtle, 99 
 
 Cat's-tail, 109 
 
 Balm, 89 
 
 Bog Orchis, 103 
 
 Cat's-tail-grass, 113 
 
 BALSAM FAM., 55, 23 
 
 Bog-rush, 111 
 
 Celandine, 43 
 
 Balsam, 55 
 
 BORAGE FAM., 85, 27 
 
 Celery, 67 
 
 Bane-berry, 41 
 
 Borage, 85 
 
 Centaury, 83 
 
 BARBERRY FAM., 43, 19, 
 
 Box, 97 
 
 Cephalanthera, 103 
 
 21 
 
 Box-thorn, 85 
 
 Chaffweed, 91 
 
 Barberry, 43 
 
 Bracken, 123 
 
 Chamagrostis, 115 
 
 Barley, 113 
 
 Brake, 123 
 
 Chamomile, 79 
 
 Barren wort, 43 
 
 Bramble, 59 
 
 CHARA FAM., 121, 39 
 
 Bartsia, 87 
 
 Brandy-bottle, 43 
 
 Chara, 121 
 
 Basil, 89 
 
 Bristle-fern, 123 
 
 Cherry, 59 
 
 Bastard Balm, 89 
 
 Brittle-grass, 113 
 
 Chervil, 65, 67 
 
 "Din-msM.*-* s\l Q1 
 
 Brome-grass, 119 
 
 Chestnut, 99 
 
 
 Toad flax 95 
 
 R*-u-lr- -nrf\f\A Q1 
 
 UiiickwcGci \V^intGr 
 
 Beak-rush, 111 
 
 DfUUlt" W CCCl j 7 1 
 
 Broom, 57 
 
 green, 91 
 
 Bcarberry, 81 
 
 BROOMRAPE FAM., 87, 27 
 
 Chicory, 75 
 
 Beard-grass, 113 
 
 Broomrape, 87 
 
 Cinque-foil, 59 
 
 Btar's-ibot, 41 
 
 Bryony, 61 
 
 Claytonia, 63 
 
 Bedstraw, 73 
 
 Buckbean, 83 
 
 Clover, 57 
 
 Beech, 99 
 
 BUCKTHORN FASI., 55, 
 
 CLUB-MOSS FAM., 121, 39 
 
 Beet, 93 
 
 19,29 
 
 Club-moss, 121 
 
 BELL-FLOWER FAM., 81, 
 
 Buckthorn, 55 
 
 Club-rush, 111 
 
 25 
 
 Buck-wheat, 95 
 
 Cock's-foot-grass, 119 
 
 Bell-flower, 81 
 
 Bugle, 89 
 
 Cock's-head, 57 
 
 Bent-grass, 115 
 
 Bugloss, 85 
 
 Colt's-foot, 79 
 
 Bilberry, 81 
 
 BULRUSH FAM., 109, 37 
 
 Columbine, 41 
 
 Bindweed, 83 
 
 Bulrush, 109 
 
 Comfrey, 85 
 
 Birch, 99 
 
 Burdock, 77 
 
 COMPOSITE FAM., 75, 25
 
 Index of the English Names. 
 
 H3 
 
 CONVOLVULUS F AM., 83, 2 
 
 7 Epipogum, 103 
 
 GOOSEFOOT FAM., 93, 31, 
 
 Convolvulus, 83 
 
 Eryngo, 65 
 
 33 
 
 Coralroot, 103 
 
 Evening Primrose, 61 
 
 Goosefoot, 93 
 
 Coralwort, 47 
 
 Everlasting, 77 
 
 Gorse, 57 
 
 Cord-grass, 115 
 
 Everlasting Pea, 57 
 
 GOURD FAM., 61, 25, 33 
 
 Coriander, 69 
 
 Eye-bright,* 87 
 
 Gout-weed, 65 
 
 Corn-salad, 73 
 
 False Brome-grass, 117 
 
 Grape-Hyacinth, 107 
 
 Corydal, 43 
 
 Featherfoil, 91 
 
 GRASS FAM., 113,37 
 
 Cotoneaster, 59 
 
 Fennel, 69 
 
 Grass of Parnassus, 63 
 
 Cotton-grass, 111 
 
 Fen Orchis, 103 
 
 Grass-wrack, 111 
 
 Cotton Thistle, 77 
 
 Fenugreek, 57 
 
 Gray's-hair-grass, 119 
 
 Cotton-weed, 77 
 
 FERN FAM., 123, 39 Great Burnet, 59 
 
 Cowbane, 67 
 
 Fern-royal, 123 
 
 Gromwell, 85 
 
 Cow-parsnip, 69 
 
 Fescue-grass, 117, 119 
 
 Ground-Ivy, 89 
 
 Cow-wheat, 87 
 
 Feverfew, 79 
 
 Guelder-rose, 71 
 
 Cranberry, 81 
 
 Field Madder, 73 
 
 Gymnogram, 123 
 
 Crane's-bill, 53 
 
 Scabious, 73 ) Hair-grass, 119 
 
 Cress, 45 
 
 FIGWORT FAM., 87, 27 
 
 Hard-fern, 123 
 
 Crested Hair-grass, 117 
 
 Figwort, 87 
 
 Hard-grass, 113 
 
 Crocus, 105 
 
 Filmy-fern, 123 
 
 Hare's-ear, 65 
 
 CROWBERRY FAM., 97, 
 
 Finger-grass, 115 
 
 Hare's - tail-grass, 113 
 
 19,29 
 
 Fir, 101 
 
 Hart's-tongue, 123 
 
 Crowberry, 97 
 
 Flag, 105 
 
 Hartwort, 65, 69 
 
 Crowfoot, 41 
 
 FLAX FAM., 55, 23 
 
 Hawkbit, 75 
 
 CRUCIFEK FAM., 45, 21 
 
 Flax, 55 
 
 Hawk's-beard, 75 
 
 Cuckoo-pint, 109 
 
 Fleabane, 79 
 
 Hawkweed, 75 
 
 Cudweed, 77 
 
 Fleawort, 79 \ Hawthorn, 59 
 
 CURRANT FAM., 63, 25 
 
 Fleur do Lis, 105 Hazel, 99 
 
 Currant, 63 
 
 Flowering-fern, 123 \ Heartsease, 49 
 
 Cut-grass, 115 
 
 Flowering-rush, 105 
 
 HEATH FAM., 81, 23, 
 
 Cyphel, 51 
 
 Fool's Parsley, 69 
 
 25,27 
 
 DAFFODIL FAM., 105, 35 
 
 Forget-me-not, 85 
 
 Heath, 81 
 
 Daffodil, 105 
 
 Foxglove, 87 
 
 Heath-grass, 117 
 
 Daisy, 79 
 
 Fox-tail-grass, 113 
 
 Hedge-garlic, 47 
 
 Dame's Violet, 47 
 
 Fragrant Orchis, 103 
 
 Hedge-mustard, 47 
 
 Dandelion, 75 
 
 Fritillary, 107 
 
 Hedge-parsley, 65 
 
 DAPHNE FAM., 95, 29 
 
 FROG-BIT FAM., 101, 35 Hellebore, 41' 
 
 Darnel, 117 
 
 Frog-bit, 101 
 
 Helleborine, 103 
 
 Deadly Nightshade, 85 
 
 Frog Orchis, 103 
 
 Hemlock, 67 
 
 Dead-nettle, 89 
 
 FUMITORY FAM., 43, 21 
 
 , Water, 67 
 
 Digraphis, 115 
 
 Fumitory, 43 
 
 Hemp-Agrimony, 77 
 
 DOCK FAM., 95, 31 
 
 Furze, 57 
 
 Hemp-nettle, 89 
 
 Dock, 95 
 
 Galingale, 111 
 
 Henbane, 85 
 
 Dodder, 83 
 
 Galinsoga, 79 
 
 Heu's-foot, 65 
 
 Dog's-tail-grass, 117 
 
 Garlic, 107 
 
 Herb Christopher, 41 
 
 Dog's-tooth-grass, 115 
 
 GENTIAN FAM., 83, 27 
 
 HERB-PARIS FAM., 101, 
 
 DOGWOOD FAM., 71, 25 
 
 Gentian, 83 
 
 33, 35 
 
 Dogwood, 71 
 
 Gentianella, 83 
 
 Herb-Paris, 101 
 
 Dropwort, 59 
 
 GERANIUM FAM., 53, 23 
 
 Hog's-fennel, 69 
 
 DUCKWEED FAM., 109, 
 
 Germander, 89 
 
 Hog-weed, 69 
 
 31,37 
 
 Gipsy-wort, 89 
 
 HOLLY FAM., 81. 27 
 
 Duckweed, 109 
 
 Gladiolus, 105 
 
 Holly, 81 
 
 Dwale, 85 
 
 Glasswort, 93 
 
 Holosteum, 51 
 
 Dwarf Nipplewort, 75 
 
 Globe-flower, 4 1 
 
 Holy-grass, 119 
 
 Dyer's Greenweed, 57 
 
 Goafs-beard, 75 
 
 Honewort, 67 
 
 Earth-nut, 67 
 
 Golden-rod, 79 
 
 HONEYSUCKLE FAM., 71, 
 
 Elder, 71 
 
 Golden Samphire, 79 
 
 25 
 
 Elecampane, 79 
 
 Knvifroiro ct> 
 
 Honeysuckle, 71 
 
 
 ELM FAM., 99, 29 
 
 Goldilocks, 77 
 
 HOP FAM., 99, 31 
 
 Elm, 99 
 
 Gold of Pleasure, 45 
 
 Hop, 99 
 
 Enchanter's Nightshade, 
 
 Goody era, 103 
 
 Horehound, Black, 89 
 
 61 ; Gooseberry, 63 
 
 White 39 
 
 
 L 2
 
 144 
 
 Index of the English Names. 
 
 Hornbeam, 99 
 
 MADDER FAM., 73, 25 
 
 Mud wort, 87 
 
 Horned Pond weed, 111 
 
 Mndder, 73 
 
 Mulk-in, 87 
 
 TJ^^wtr AQ 
 
 Mad wort, 85 
 
 Musk Orchis, 103 
 
 
 HORN WORT FAM., 97, 31 
 
 Maiden-hair, 12:5 
 
 Mustard, 47 
 
 Hornwort, 97 
 
 MALLOW FAM., 53, 19, 
 
 NAIAD FAM., Ill, 37 
 
 Horse-radish, 45 
 
 23 
 
 Naiad, 111 
 
 Horseshoe Vetch, 57 
 
 Mallow, 53 
 
 Narcissus, 105 
 
 HORSETAIL FAM., 121, 
 
 Man Orchis, 103 
 
 Navelwort, 63 
 
 39 
 
 MAPLE FAM., 53, 19, 29 
 
 Needle Whin, 57 
 
 Horsetail, 121 
 
 Maple, 53 
 
 Neotinea, 103 
 
 Hound's-tongue, 85 
 
 MARE'S-TAIL FAM., 61, 
 
 NETTLE FAM., 97, 31 
 
 Houseleek, 63 
 
 25, 31 
 
 Nettle, 97 
 
 Hutchinsia, 45 
 
 Mare's- tail, 61 
 
 NIGHTSHADE FAM., 85, 
 
 Illecebrum, 63 
 
 Marjoram, 89 
 
 27 
 
 Insect Orchis, 103 
 
 Marram, 113 
 
 Nightshade, 85 
 
 IRIS FAM., 105, 35 
 
 Marsh Cinque-foil, 59 
 
 Nipplewort, 75 
 
 Iris, 105 
 
 Marsh-mallow, 53 
 
 Nit-grass, 113 
 
 Isnardia, 61 
 
 Marsh Marigold, 41 
 
 Oak, 99 
 
 IVY FAM., 71, 25, 29 
 
 Marsh Samphire, 93 
 
 Oat, 119 
 
 Ivy, 71 
 
 Marsh-wort, 67 
 
 Oat-grass, 119 
 
 JACOB'S LADDER FAM., 
 
 Mat-grass, 115 
 
 Orache, 93 
 
 83, 27 
 
 May, 59 
 
 ORCHIS FAM., 103, 35 
 
 Jacob's Ladder, 83 
 
 Meadow-grass, 119 
 
 Orchis, 103 
 
 JESSAMINE FAM., 83, 27, 
 
 Meadow-rue, 41 
 
 T3n~ 1AO 
 
 
 29 
 
 MEADOW-SAFFRON FAM., 
 
 , Fen, 103 
 
 Juniper, 101 
 
 109, 35 
 
 , Fragrant, 103 
 
 Kidney-vetch, 57 
 
 Meadow-saffron, 109 
 
 f_ 1AO 
 
 
 Knapweed, 77 
 
 Meadow-sweet, 59 
 
 T.-.~4. 1 AO 
 
 , insect, 11/0 
 
 Knawel, 63 
 
 Medick, 57 
 
 Mnn Ift^ 
 
 
 Knot-grass, 95 
 
 Medlar, 59 
 
 TIT.,,,!, 1At> 
 
 
 Kobresia, 111 
 
 Melick, 115, 117 
 
 Orpine, 615 
 
 LABIATE FAM., 89, 27 
 
 Melilot. 57 
 
 Ox-eye Daisy, 79 
 
 Lady-fern, 123 
 
 Menziesia, 81 
 
 Ox-tongue, 75 
 
 Lady's Finger, 57 
 
 Mercury, 97 
 
 Oxytrope, 57 
 
 Lady's Mantle, 59 
 
 Meu, 69 
 
 Oyster-plant, 85 
 
 Lady's-slipper, 103 | Mezereon, 95 
 
 Paddock-pipes, 121 
 
 Lady's-tresses, 103 
 
 MIGNONETTE FAM., 49, 
 
 Pseony, 41 
 
 Lamb's Lettuce, 73 
 
 21 
 
 Panick-grnss, 115 
 
 Larkspur, 41 
 
 Mignonette, 49 
 
 Pansy, 49 
 
 Lavender-grass, 119 
 
 Milk Thistle, 77 
 
 PARONYCHIA FAM., 63, 
 
 Leopard's-bane, 79 Milk-vetch, 57 
 
 23, 31, 33 
 
 Lesser Burnet, 59 , MILKWORT FAM., 49, 23, 
 
 Parsley, 67 
 
 Lettuce, 75 
 
 27 
 
 Parsley-fern, 123 
 
 LILT FAM., 107, 35 
 
 Milkwort, 49 
 
 Parsnip, 69 
 
 Lily, 107 
 
 Millefoil, 79 
 
 PEAFLOWER FAM., 57, 
 
 Lily of the Valley, 107 
 
 Millet-grass, 115 
 
 19,21 
 
 LIME FAM., 53, 19 
 
 Mint, 89 
 
 Pear, 59 
 
 Lime, 53 
 
 MISTLETOE FAM., 71, 25, 
 
 Pearl-wort, 51 
 
 Limnanth, 83 
 
 29 
 
 Pellitory, 97 
 
 Linden, 53 
 
 Mistletoe, 71 
 
 Penny Cress, 45 
 
 Ling, 81 
 
 Moenchia, 51 
 
 Penny- wort, 65 
 
 Linnaea, 71 
 
 Moneywort, 87 
 
 Pepper Saxifrage, 69 
 
 Lobelia, 81 
 
 Monkey-flower, 87 
 
 Pepperwort, 45 
 
 LOOSESTRIFE FAM., 61. 
 
 Monk's-hood, 41 
 
 PERIWINKLE FAM., 83, 
 
 23,33 
 
 Moonwort, 123 
 
 27 
 
 Loosestrife, 91 
 
 Moor-grass, 117 
 
 Periwinkle, 83 
 
 Purple 61 
 
 Moschatel, 71 
 
 Pcrsicflrift 05 
 
 Lords and Ladies, 109 
 
 Motherwort, 89 
 
 Pheasant's-eye, 41 
 
 Lousewort, 87 
 
 Mountain Avens, 59 
 
 Picris, 75 
 
 Lovage, 69 
 
 Snrrrl 0"! 
 
 Pig-nut, 67 
 
 
 Lungwort, 85 
 
 Mouse-ear, 51 
 
 PILLWORT FAM., 121, 39 
 
 Lyme-grass, 117 
 
 Mouse-tail, 41 
 
 Pill wort, 121
 
 Index of the English Names. 
 
 Pimpernel, 91 
 
 Sallow-thorn, 95 
 
 Spleenwort, 123 
 
 Pimpinel, 67 
 
 Saltwort, 93 
 
 SPURGE FAM., 97, 29, 33 
 
 PINE FAM., 101, 29 Samphire, 69 
 
 Spurge, 97 
 
 Pine, 101 SAXDALWOOD FAM., 95, 
 
 Spurry, 51 
 
 PINK FAM., 51, 23, 33 33 
 
 Spur Valerian, 73 
 
 Pink, 51 Sand Spurrv, 51 
 
 Squill, 107 
 
 PIPEWORT FAM., 109, 37 Sandwort, 51 
 
 Star-fruit, 105 
 
 Pipewoit, 109 Sanicle, 65 
 
 Star of Bethlehem, 107 
 
 PLANTAIN FAM., 93, 27, Sauce-alone. 47 
 
 Star wort, 79 
 
 33 Saussurea, 77 
 
 Stitchwort, 51 
 
 Plantain, 93 
 
 Saw-wort, 77 
 
 Stock, 47 
 
 Plum, 59 
 
 SAXIFRAGE FAST., 63, 21, 
 
 STONECROP FAM., 63, 21, 
 
 Poly carp, 51 
 
 23, 25, 33 
 
 27 
 
 Polypody, 123 Saxifrage, 63 
 
 Stonecrop, 63 
 
 PONDWEED FAM., Ill, Scabious, 73 
 
 Stonewort, 67 
 
 37 
 
 Scheuchzeria, 105 
 
 Stork's-bill, 53 
 
 Pondweed, 111 
 
 Sclerochloa, 117, 119 
 
 Strapwort, 63 
 
 Poplar, 99 
 
 Scorpion-grass, 85 
 
 Strawberry, 59 
 
 POPPY FAM., 43, 21 
 
 Scottish Asphodel, 109 
 
 Strawberry-tree, 81 
 
 Poppy, 43 
 
 Scurvy-grass, 45 
 
 Sulphur-wort, 69 
 
 Prickly-fern, 123 
 
 Sea-blite, 93 
 
 SUNDEW FAM., 49, 21 
 
 PRIMROSE FAM., 91, 27, 
 
 Sea Buckthorn, 95 
 
 Sundew, 49 
 
 33 
 
 SEA-HEATH FAM., 49, 21 
 
 Sweet Cicely, 67 
 
 Primrose, 91 
 
 Sea-heath, 49 
 
 Finer IftO 
 
 r ittg, i utf 
 
 Privet, 83 
 
 Sea-kale, 45 
 
 Sweet-gale,' 99 
 
 Purple Loosestrife, 61 
 
 Sea Lavender, 93 
 
 Sweet-grass, 119 
 
 PURSLANE FAM., 63, 23, 
 
 Sea Milkwort, 91 
 
 Swine's Succory, 75 
 
 27 
 
 Sea-pink, 93 
 
 TAMARISK FAM., 61, 19 
 
 Quaking-grass, 119 
 
 Sea Purslane. 51 
 
 Tamarisk, 61 
 
 Quillwort, 121 
 
 Sea Rocket, 45 
 
 Tansy, 77 
 
 Radish, 47 
 
 SEDGE FAM., Ill, 37 
 
 Tare, 57 
 
 Eagwort, 79 
 
 Sedge, 111 
 
 Tassel-Pond weed, 111 
 
 Rampion, 81 
 
 Self-heal, 89 
 
 TEASEL FAM., 73, 25 
 
 Raspberry, 59 
 
 Service, 59 
 
 Teasel, 73 
 
 Red Rattle, 87 
 
 Seseli, 65 
 
 Teesdalia, 45 
 
 Red Valerian, 73 
 
 Sheep's-bit, 81 
 
 Thistle, 77 
 
 Reed-grass, 11.9 
 
 Shepherd's Needle, 67 
 
 Thorn-apple, 85 
 
 Reed-mace, 109 
 
 T *n n A K 
 
 THRIFT FAM., 93, 27 
 
 
 Rest-harrow, 57 
 
 Shield-fern, 123 
 
 Thrift, 93 
 
 Rib-grass, 93 
 
 Shore-weed, 93 
 
 Thrincia, 75 
 
 Rock-brake, 123 
 
 Sibbaldia, 59 
 
 Thrum wort, 105 
 
 Rock-cress, 47 
 
 Simethis, 107 
 
 Thyme, 89 
 
 Rocket, 47 
 
 Skull-cap, 89 
 
 Tillaja, 63 
 
 ROCK-ROSE FAM., 49, 19, 
 
 Small-reed, 115 
 
 Toad-flax, 87 
 
 21,23 
 
 Smilacina, 107 
 
 Toothwort, 87 
 
 Rock-rose, 49 
 
 Snapdragon, 87 
 
 Tower-mustard, 47 
 
 Rcemeria, 43 
 
 Snowdrop, 105 
 
 Traveller's Joy, 41 
 
 ROSE FAM., 59, 19, 21, 
 
 Snowflake, 105 
 
 Treacle-mustard, 47 
 
 25,31 
 
 Soapwort, 51 
 
 Tree Mallow, 53 
 
 Rose, 59 
 
 Soft-grass, 119 
 
 Trefoil, 57 
 
 Rupture-wort, 63 
 
 Solomon's Seal, 107 
 
 Trichonema, 105 
 
 RUSH FAM., 109, 37 
 
 Sow-bread, 91 
 
 Trigouel. 57 
 
 Rush, 109 
 
 Sowthistle, 75 
 
 Tulip, 107 
 
 Rustyback, 123 
 
 Specularia, 81 
 
 Tway-blade, 103 
 
 Rye-grass, 117 
 
 Speedwell, 87 
 
 Twig-rush, 111 
 
 Sage, 89 
 
 Spiderwort, 107 
 
 UMBELLATE FAM., 65, 
 
 Sainfoin, 57 
 
 Spignel, 69 
 
 25,33 
 
 ST. JOHN'S WORT FAM., 
 
 Spikenard, 79 
 
 VALERIAN FAM., 73, 25 
 
 53, 19, 23 
 
 Spike-rush, 111 
 
 Valerian, 73 
 
 St. John's Wort, 53 
 
 SPINDLE-TREE FAM., 55, 
 
 Venus's Comb, 67 
 
 SALLOW - THORN FAM., 
 
 19 
 
 Vernal-grass, 113 
 
 95, 29 
 
 Spindle-tree, 55 
 
 VERVAIN FAM., 91, 27
 
 146 
 
 Index of the English Names. 
 
 Vervain, 91 
 Vetch, 57 
 Vetchling, 57 
 VIOLET FAM., 49, 21 
 Violet, -1!) 
 Viper's Bugloss, 85 
 Wahlenbergia, 81 
 Wallflower, 47 
 "U'nrt-t-ress, 45 
 Watercress, 45, 47 
 Water Dropwort, 69 
 
 Hemlock, G7 
 
 WATER-LILY FAM., 43, 21 
 Water-lily, White, 43 
 
 , Yellow, 43 
 
 Water Milfoil, (51 
 Water-parsnip, 07 
 WATER-PLANTAIN FAM., 
 
 105, 3o, 37 
 Water-Plantain, 105 
 Water-Purslane, 61 
 Water-soldier, 101 
 WATER STARWORT FAM., 
 
 97,31 
 Water Starwort, 97 
 
 Water-Thyme, 101 
 W; i ter- violet, 91 
 Water-whorl-grass, 119 
 WATERWORT FAM., 49, 
 
 23 
 
 Waterwort, 49 
 Wayfaring-tree, 71 
 "\V<-a>cl-snout, 89 
 Welsh Poppy, 43 
 Wheat-grass, 117 
 Whin, 57 
 
 White Horeliound, 89 
 Whitt.-rot, 65 
 Whitethorn, 59 
 Whitlow-grass, 45 
 Wild Hyacinth, 107 
 
 Rosemary, 81 
 
 Willow, 99 
 WILLOW-HERB FAM., 61, 
 
 25, 33 
 
 Willow-herb, 61 
 Wind -grass, 115 
 Winter Aconite, 41 
 Wintercress, 47 
 
 Winter-green, 81 
 Woa.l, 45 
 Wolffia, 109 
 Wolf s-bane, 41 
 Woodbine, 71 
 Woodruff, 73 
 Wood-rush, 109 
 Woodsia, 123 
 \VOOI>-SOKKEL FAM., 55, 
 
 23 
 
 Wood-sorrel, 55 
 Worm-seed, 47 
 Wormwood, 77 
 Wound wort, 89 
 YAM FAM., 101, 33, 35 
 Yarrosv, 79 
 Yellow Bird's-foot, 57 
 
 Bird's-nest, 81 
 
 Oat-grass, 119 
 
 Rattle, 87 
 
 Star of Beth- 
 
 lehem, 107 
 Yellow-wort, 83 
 Yew, 101 
 
 LONDON: i'RINTK.n BY WILLIAM (!.<) KS AND SONS, I.IMITKD, TA>IK)KD STRKKI 
 AND (HAVING l'l:'>~s.
 
 JEJg" REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 A 000 048 043 4