THE TRAVELLER'S LIBRARY, 
 
 ,- COURSE or PUBLICATION IN VOLUMES, PRICE HALF-A-CROWN EACH : 
 
 VILLIAM- ARTHUR^ 
 VSLXTH DUKE OF- PORTLAND 
 m K- G 
 
 London : LONGMAN, BEOWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS.

 
 t>r
 
 SIR ROBERT STRANGE
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 SIR ROBERT STRANGE, Km., 
 
 ENGRAVER, 
 
 MEMBER OF SEVERAL FOREIGN ACADEMIES OF 
 DESIGN ; 
 
 AND OF 
 
 HIS BROTHER-IN-LAW 
 
 ANDREW LUMISDEN, 
 
 PRIVATE SECRETARY TO THE STUART PRINCES, 
 
 AND AUTHOR OF 
 
 'THE ANTIQUITIES OF ROME." 
 
 BY JAMES DENNISTOUN 
 
 OF DEKNISTOUN. 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 
 VOL. I. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS. 
 1855.
 
 NEC 8ENSUS, NEC CLARUM NOMEN AVORUM, 
 8ED PROBITAS MAGNOS, INGENIUMQUE FACIT." 
 
 Ovid. 
 
 " LE BEAU . . . EST LE FRUIT D'UNE INSPIRATION PERSfiVERANTE, QUI 
 N'EST QU'UNE SUITE DE LABEURS OPINIATRES." 
 
 Eugene Delacroix. 
 
 " LA BIOGEAPHIE D*UN ARTISTE SE COMPOSE DE DEUX PARTIES BIEN DIS- 
 TINCTES EN ELLES-M^MES, MAIS CEPENDAJJT INSEPARABLES ; LES DETAILS DE 
 
 SA VIE, ET L'ETUDE ou L' ANALYSE DE SES (EUVRES : . . SES OEUVRES 
 
 SUBISSENT L'INFLUENCE DE SON f DUCAT1ON ET DBS HASARDS DE SA TIE : 
 . AUCUN DETAIL, DE QUELQUE MINIME VALEUR QU'lL PARAISSE D'ABORD, 
 NE DOIT ETRE NtGLIGE, MAIS LES DATES SURTOUT SONT IMPORTANTES." 
 
 L'AIM Carton. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 A. and G. A. SPOTTISWOODE, 
 New -street- Sq uare.
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE following pages have been chiefly compiled 
 from papers, which came into my possession with an 
 understanding that their more interesting portions 
 should be given to the public. Most of them were 
 left to me by my wife's granduncle, the late Sir 
 Thomas A. Strange, who alone could have satis- 
 factorily performed the task thus devolved upon 
 me. He had been intimately acquainted with the 
 habits and character of his father, Sir Robert, as 
 well as of his uncle and godfather, Mr. Lumisden ; 
 and would have brought to the task many of the 
 most graceful qualities of a biographer. That he 
 had contemplated some such labour of love appears 
 from a slight sketch of Mr. Lumisden's life, now in 
 my possession, which, although too crude for publi- 
 cation, will occasionally be quoted in these volumes. 
 Its non-completion by him, at an earlier period, is 
 the more to be regretted, as the Jacobite cause, on 
 
 A 2 
 
 2071167
 
 IV PREFACE. 
 
 which it was calculated to throw some passing lights, 
 is now of rapidly waning interest; and as several 
 documents important for this purpose have, in the 
 interval, disappeared from his collection. 
 
 In undertaking what has thus been too long de- 
 ferred, I am not without hope of conferring pleasure 
 upon some readers. The meagre notices of Sir 
 Robert Strange which have hitherto appeared are 
 singularly barren of incident ; and, notwithstanding 
 a dictum ascribed to himself, " that the works of an 
 artist should serve him for a life and monument," 
 they seem to me unworthy the reputation of one 
 who not only felt, loved, and illustrated high art as 
 none of his countrymen had before done, but who, 
 by talent, industry, and taste, elevated his profession 
 of engraving beyond its previous rank. Again, the 
 correspondence of his wife's brother, Mr. Andrew 
 Lumisden, who, during eighteen years, was secretary 
 to the Stuart Princes, by throwing lights upon their 
 Court and policy, as well as upon the vicissitudes of 
 their exiled partisans, bears upon a portion of their 
 melancholy story hitherto shrowded in doubt as well 
 as in sadness ; and occasionally affords curious 
 glimpses of Scottish families and manners. And it 
 would be gratifying to find a wider interest attaching 
 to these volumes, from the examples they hold out
 
 PREFACE. V 
 
 of earnest and unwearied perseverance in an arduous 
 profession on the one hand, of conscientious devoted- 
 ness to a desperate cause on the other, as well as 
 from their portraiture of a family group, singularly 
 united in affections, though often severed by adverse 
 fate. 
 
 Sir Robert Strange has long enjoyed a European 
 reputation; yet the excellence of his works is no 
 adequate index of his merit. Living in an age 
 when art, equally degenerate in aims and execution, 
 seldom rose beyond flimsy efforts at decoration, and 
 when a tasteless public were well content with such 
 trifling gratifications as it offered them, immediate 
 success in his profession would have been most 
 readily secured by following the prevailing fashion. 
 But his mind was set on higher efforts. Despising 
 a course recommended to the wants of an increasing 
 family, he sought inspiration from the old masters ; 
 and, after feeling his way on one or two Flemish and 
 French works, devoted himself almost exclusively to 
 Italian masterpieces. As his country contained no 
 freely accessible collection of these, his ever improv- 
 ing perception of the beautiful stimulated him to 
 seek for them in other lands, at an outlay of time 
 and money, and by an abnegation of domestic ties, 
 which few would have incurred. Rather than turn 
 
 A 3
 
 VI PREFACE. 
 
 aside from the path he had thus chosen, he sacrificed 
 the favour of George III. and of his favourite mi- 
 nister, the only two men in Britain then disposed to 
 patronise art. There remained but the public to 
 look to for support in a course towards which their 
 intelligence had never been awakened, nor their 
 sympathies evoked. The risk was consequently 
 great ; and, although years elapsed ere his unflagging 
 diligence and indomitable perseverance attained the 
 success due equally to his courage and talent, one 
 object was much sooner effected. From his native 
 Orkney to the Land's End, his engravings brought 
 within the reach of all men the best works of great 
 painters, whose very names were almost unknown to 
 his countrymen, or had been ignorantly prostituted 
 to canvasses altogether unworthy of them. These 
 engravings, offered at the same price as the trash 
 which preceded them in the market, gradually ob- 
 tained a large circulation, and became the first im- 
 portant step towards a general amelioration of 
 English taste in the fine arts. Other appliances 
 were devoted by Strange towards the same ends. 
 He boldly ventured the moderate capital at his dis- 
 posal in importing a superior class of pictures for the 
 home market ; and, by descriptive catalogues of 
 these and of his own works, he did much to instruct
 
 PREFACE. Vll 
 
 the public regarding the merits of such masters as 
 he recommended to their preference. 
 
 Memoirs, especially when copiously illustrated 
 from private letters, must always be desultory; but 
 the risks of overlaying the subject, and distracting 
 the reader, are much increased when it is proposed 
 to mould into one narrative the biography of two in- 
 dividuals, who, although mutually and intimately 
 connected, were generally placed in totally different 
 scenes and circumstances. Notwithstanding this in- 
 convenience, we have preferred making the brothers- 
 in-law tell the story of their lives chiefly in extracts 
 from their own correspondence and writings, the 
 peculiarities of their respective characters being thus 
 more satisfactorily unfolded. The length to which 
 these extracts have consequently extended will, 
 therefore, it is hoped, be received with indulgence. 
 
 It was at one time my wish to have traced the 
 progress in Britain of that art which Strange so 
 greatly advanced, examining the merits of his con- 
 temporaries and their works, and also, from his own 
 and Mr. Lumisden's papers, to have gathered notices 
 of their countrymen who studied or practised art in 
 Italy from 1750 to 1773. But to do this in a satis- 
 factory manner would have inconveniently enlarged
 
 Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 these volumes, without materially illustrating the 
 persons whose lives I had undertaken to narrate. 
 
 I have gratefully to acknowledge facilities 
 obligingly afforded me by Mr. Carpenter, of the 
 British Museum ; by M. Frenzel, of the Royal Col- 
 lection of Drawings, at Dresden ; and by M. Charles 
 Le Blanc, of the Bibliotheque Imperiale, at Paris. 
 The catalogue of Sir Robert Strange's engravings, 
 compiled by the latter, and published by "Weigel, of 
 Leipsic, in 1848, is indispensable to every amateur. 
 Friends in the far Orkneys have sent their gifts ; 
 and the antiquarian stores of Mr. Robert Cham- 
 bers, Mr. David Laing, Mr. James Maidment, Mr. 
 J. Gibson Craig, and the late Mr. C. Kirkpatrick 
 Sharpe, were placed at my disposal with the wonted 
 liberality of their owners. Mr. Domenic Colnaghi's 
 extensive information had already been made avail- 
 able to M. Le Blanc ; but I am debtor to my friend, 
 Mr. Lewis Gruner, for not a few judicious critical 
 hints in regard to Strange's works. To these and 
 many other well-wishers I thus warmly offer thanks. 
 
 An attack of severe illness, while the last sheets 
 of the work are passing through the press, will, I 
 trust, excuse such oversights as may have conse- 
 quently occurred.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 THE FIRST VOLUME. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE STRANGE FAMILY SIR EGBERT'S ACCOUNT 
 
 OF HIS EARLY YEARS, AND APPRENTICESHIP WITH ElCHARD 
 
 COOPER - - - -,- - -1 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 STATE OF THE ARTS IN SCOTLAND. STRANGE JOINS IN THE 
 REBELLION OF 1745. HE ENGRAVES BANK-NOTES FOR 
 THE REBEL ARMY. His ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF CUL- 
 
 LODEN HlS ESCAPE, AND ENGAGEMENT TO MlSS LUMISDEN 41 
 
 CHAP. HI. 
 
 DESCENT OF THE LUMISDEN FAMILY. ANDREW LUMISDEN 
 BECOMES PRIVATE SECRETARY TO PRINCE CHARLES. 
 THE STUART COURT AT HOLYROOD. LUMISDEN'S ATTAIN- 
 DER AND ESCAPE TO ROUEN - - - - 70
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ME. LUMISDEN'S DISTRESSED SITUATION. THE SCOTTISH 
 REFUGEES AT ROUEN AND PARIS. His SISTER'S MARRIAGE 
 TO MR. STRANGE, WHO LEAVES EDINBURGH TO STUDY 
 DESIGN AT ROUEN - 99 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 CHARLES EDWARD'S EXPULSION FROM FRANCE. PROVISION 
 
 BT THE FRENCH COURT FOR THE SCOTTISH EXILES 
 
 STRANGE STUDIES AT PARIS. LUMISDEN GOES TO ROME, 
 AND BECOMES UNDER- SECRETARY TO THE CHEVALIER DE 
 ST. GEORGE - - 118 
 
 CHAP. VL 
 
 THE CHEVALIER'S COURT AND HOUSEHOLD. MR. LUMISDEN'S 
 DUTIES, RESOURCES, AND RELAXATIONS. DEATH OF HIS 
 FATHER AND MOTHER - - - 138 
 
 CHAP. VIL 
 
 f 
 SITUATION OF THE REFUGEES. MR. LUMISDEN'S MISSION 
 
 TO PARIS. INTRIGUES AND SCHEMES OF THE JACOBITES. 
 
 THE PRINCE'S MISCONDUCT - - 1 7 1 
 
 CHAP. VHL 
 
 MR. LUMISDEN BECOMES FULL SECRETARY. His OFFICIAL 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE AND ELEEMOSYNARY DUTIES. HlS MAS- 
 TER'S ILLNESS AND DEATH - 199 
 
 CHAP. DL 
 
 MR. STRANGE'S PROGRESS UNDER LE BAS. His EARLY 
 
 MINOR WORKS. HlS GREAT SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS COM- 
 MENCED. HE SETTLES IN LONDON. HlS PUBLICATIONS 
 
 THERE. HE PLAKS A VISIT TO ITALY - - - 229
 
 CONTENTS. xi 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 MR. STRANGE DECLINES TO ENGRAVE PORTRAITS OF GEORGE 
 III. AND THE EARL OF BUTE THE ANNOYING RESULTS 
 
 OF THIS. HlS QUARREL WITH ALLAN KAMSAY. HE 
 
 SELLS SOME OF HIS DRAWINGS, AND GOES TO ITALY. HlS 
 DRAWINGS AND PURCHASES OF PICTURES THERE. MRS. 
 
 STRANGE'S CORRESPONDENCE - - - -272
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
 THE FIRST VOLUME. 
 
 L Head of Sir Robert Strange, electrotyped from his own plate 
 after Grease, frontispiece. 
 
 IL The Death of the Stag, an etching electrotyped from Sir 
 Robert's own plate, to face p. 237. 
 
 IEL Portrait of William Hamilton of Bangour, the poet/from Sir 
 Robert's original plate, to face p. 271. 
 
 ERRATUM. 
 Page 115., title, for ROME read RODEN.
 
 MEMOIRS 
 
 OF 
 
 SIR ROBERT STRANGE. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 ORIGIN OF THE STRANGE FAMILY. SIR ROBERT'S ACCOUNT OF 
 HIS EARLY YEARS, AND APPRENTICESHIP WITH RICHARD COOPER. 
 
 THE predilections entertained in Scotland for pedi- 
 gree have been frequently matter of comment, some- 
 times of ridicule. They emanated from social and 
 territorial relations long prevalent there, in which 
 feudal and patriarchal principles were singularly 
 blended. When large districts were owned or oc- 
 cupied by families bearing the same surname, and 
 more or less under the influence of clanship, it was 
 gratifying, if not advantageous, for these to establish 
 a connection with the main stem of their spreading 
 tree. Hence the tendency traceable, even in our 
 
 B
 
 2 DESCENT OF THE [13621565. 
 
 days of removed landmarks and cosmopolitan inno- 
 vations, for Scotchmen suddenly elevated in the 
 social scale to attach themselves to some recognised 
 branch of an ancient stock, or even to assert claims 
 to its vacant chieftainship. It was in this spirit that 
 Sir Robert Strange, when the reputation earned 
 by his graver had been attested in the honour of 
 knighthood conferred on him by George III., ap- 
 plied for authority to assume the armorial bearings 
 of the most ancient house of his name. Evidence 
 in support of his pretensions having been duly 
 exhibited, the result was a recognition, by the Lord 
 Lyon of Scotland, of his right to represent the 
 Strangs of Balcaskie, in Fifeshire, through the pe- 
 digree set forth in the following patent. 
 
 " To all and sundry whom these presents do or 
 may concern : WE, John Hooke Campbell of Ban- 
 geston, Esquire, Lyon King of Arms, do hereby 
 certify and declare, that the ensigns armorial per- 
 taining and belonging to Sir Robert Strange, 
 Knight, heir male and representative of the an- 
 cient family of Balcaskie, in the county of Fife, 
 and chief of that surname, only [surviving] son and 
 heir of David Strange, or Strang, of Kirkwall, 
 Esquire, and Jean, daughter of Malcolm Scollay 
 of Hunton, Esquire; which David was eldest son 
 and heir of James Strange, or Strang, Esquire ; who 
 was eldest son of Andrew Strange, or Strang,
 
 13621565.] FAMILY OF STRANGE. 3 
 
 of South Ronaldshay, Esquire ; who was eldest son 
 of Sir David [Magnus] Strange, or Strang, of South 
 Ronaldshay, a younger son of the above mentioned 
 family of Balcaskie, which failed in the direct line 
 near the end of last century; are matriculated in 
 the public registers of the Lyon office, and are 
 blazoned as on the margin, thus, viz. : Argent, a 
 cheveron between three lozenges, sable : above the 
 shield is placed an helmet befitting his degree, with 
 a mantling gules, the doubling argenton ; on a 
 wreath of his liveries is set for his crest, a cluster 
 of grapes proper, and in an escroll above the crest 
 this motto, Dulce quod utile. Which armorial ensigns, 
 above blazoned, we do hereby ratify, confirm, and 
 assign to the said Sir Robert Strange, Knight, and 
 the heirs male of his body, as their proper arms and 
 bearing in all time coming. In testimony whereof 
 these presents are subscribed by Robert Boswell, 
 Esquire, our deputy, and the great seal of our office 
 is hereunto appended. At Edinburgh, the twentieth 
 day of December, in the year one thousand seven 
 hundred and ninety-one. Ro. BOSWELL, LYON 
 DEP." 
 
 This document appears to have fully satisfied Sir 
 Robert's ambition, but not that of his helpmate, with 
 whose energetic temperament the reader will by and 
 by become acquainted. She accordingly, after his 
 death, applied for supporters on behalf of her eldest 
 B 2
 
 4 DESCENT OF THE [13621565. 
 
 son, as head of his name, and employed Mr. William 
 McTaggart, writer in Edinburgh, to make the ne- 
 cessary researches. In 1798 he reports, " In the 
 first place I waited on Mr. Home, the depute Lord 
 Lyon, with your patent of arms, accompanied with a 
 memorial for you, in which I set forth your claim. 
 But I soon found from him that being chief of a 
 name does not per se entitle a person to assume and 
 use supporters. The principal tiling necessary to be 
 instructed is * that the family held in capite of the 
 Crown prior to the year 1427,' at which time the 
 barons of Scotland, every one knows, were not 
 merely entitled, but in fact obliged, to appear in 
 Parliament to treat of the affairs of the nation. To 
 prove this, I next betook myself to the records, the 
 only legal authorities, and I found three charters 
 which did the business, none of which are now 
 extant elsewhere. Of these I gave the depute 
 Lord Lyon an abstract, which he was perfectly 
 satisfied with, but, for sake of form, he behoved to 
 see the originals himself." 
 
 Encouraged by this success, Mr. M'Taggart 
 embodied the results of his inquiries in a history 
 of the family. The "tin case" which contained it 
 has disappeared, but from his notes, it would seem 
 that he had found a John Strang of Balkasky, in 
 1362, married to Cecilia Anstruther of Anstruther ; 
 and that from William Strang of Balkaskie, in
 
 13621565.] FAMILY OF STRANGE. 5 
 
 1440, he had been able to trace their line until 
 the estate was sold in 1615. The title deeds of 
 their original lairdship, to which, by favour of its 
 present owner, Sir Ralph A. Anstruther, Bart., 
 I have had access, prove that the Strangs were in 
 possession of it at least from the time of that William, 
 who died before 1441, and, moreover, confirm the 
 alienation of their old barony, under a weight of 
 debt, soon after the Union of the crowns. We have 
 thus ample evidence that they were gentlemen of 
 ancient lineage and fair estate in the eastern " neuk " 
 or corner of Fife, holding also lands in Tweedale 
 some four centuries ago. One of them fell in 1547 
 at the battle of Fawside, or Pinky, so fatal to 
 Scottish chivalry ; and the landless heir of their 
 name, becoming a soldier in the Dalgetty school, 
 rose during the German wars to be lieutenant- 
 colonel of Cochran's Scotch regiment. But neither 
 his occupation nor the age favoured a restoration of 
 broken fortunes. The parent stem having thus been 
 blighted, and probably cut short, the Lord Lyon 
 accepted as its representative a branch transported 
 to Orkney. At the Reformation, Sir Magnus and 
 Sir George Strang were respectively prebendaries of 
 St. Colme's and St. Andrew's in that island group. 
 Sir Magnus also held the ecclesiastical dignity of 
 subchantor, or " succentor," of Orkney, from about 
 1544 until his death in 1565. 
 
 B 3
 
 6 
 
 DESCENT OF THE 
 
 [1642. 
 
 Here are his signature and seal, the latter with the 
 arms of his Fifeshire chieftain, bearing out his 
 southern extraction, as recognised in the Lyon 
 office. 
 
 By the great kindness of Mr. James Robertson, 
 sheriff substitute at Kirkwall, I have obtained nu- 
 merous notices from the public records there regard- 
 ing the line of Strangs in Orkney and their mar- 
 riages. With many of these it is unnecessary to 
 load our pages, but it appears that Andrew Strang, 
 notary-public in 1642, held landed property in the 
 island of South Ronaldshay; that his second son, 
 James, settled as a merchant in Kirkwall, and had, 
 by his second wife, Isabel Irvine, a son David, born 
 in 1680; also that David, who became treasurer of
 
 1680.] FAMILY OF STRANGE. 7 
 
 that town, had by his two wives a numerous family, 
 the eldest son of his second marriage with Jean 
 Scollay being SIR ROBERT STRANGE. Mr. Robert- 
 son writes me, " I am satisfied that the engraver's 
 mother, Jean Scollay, was a daughter of Malcolm 
 Scollay of Hunton. The Scollays [originally Scole] 
 were an old county family of Norse descent, and of 
 undoubted gentry. Both Mr. Petrie and my friend 
 Mr. Balfour of Trenabie, say that they have seen 
 notices of Edward Scollay as Sheriff of Orkney, 
 circa 1610-20. * * * Isabel Irvine, the grandmother of 
 Sir Robert, I conclude was a remote or immediate 
 descendant of the Irvines of Sebay, a still older and 
 better family than that of Scollay. John of Irwyn 
 had landed possessions in the parish of Holm in 
 Orkney in 1438, when the county was still an 
 appanage of the crown of Denmark and Norway. 
 The Irvines of Sebay are very frequently mentioned 
 in the times of Robert and Patrick Stewart, Earls of 
 Orkney, and suffered very severely from the out- 
 rages of these rapacious nobles. They became ex- 
 tinct in the direct male line, tempore Charles I. ; but 
 one collateral branch had immediately before settled 
 in the island of Sanday, and another, the Irvines of 
 Gairstay, in the island of Shapinshay. They lost 
 the estate of Gairstay several generations back, and 
 sank down into the condition of mere peasants, 
 tenants of Quhome, where some of them reside at 
 
 B 4
 
 8 DESCENT OF THE [1733. 
 
 this daj. I was there lately with Mr. Balfour, the 
 proprietor of Shapinshay, who pointed out the old 
 and modest house at Quhome where was born Wil- 
 liam Irvine, father of Washington Irving ! Is it not 
 somewhat singular that Sir Robert Strange and the 
 author of Bracebridgehall can be almost demonstrated 
 of the same blood. I guess that, if Irving knew his 
 pedigree could be traced step by step up to John 
 Envyn of 1438, he would readily claim and vindicate 
 his Orcadian descent." 
 
 David, the father of Sir Robert, left three sons by 
 his first wife, Jean Boynd. His landed property, 
 and some houses in Kirkwall, were settled on James, 
 the eldest of these, to whom he bequeathed, as a 
 special legacy, " the number of twelve double silver 
 spoons, marked A. S. and E. R., my knock and case 
 thereof, and wainscot cabinet, and my whole sheep 
 runing in Wynfoord hill, or upon the privelege of 
 the burgh of Kirkwall, and my sheep mark upon 
 them." Mr. Robertson observes that " the owner 
 of twelve silver spoons in those days must have been 
 a man of some note ; " they were probably heir- 
 looms, as well as the "knock" or house-clock; and 
 their initials carry us back to Andrew, the notary- 
 public of 1642. His will manifests the serious feel- 
 ing under which our ancestors becomingly under- 
 took the duty of settling their mundane concerns. 
 " I, David Strang, merchant burgess of Kirkwall,
 
 1733.] FAMILY OF STRANGE. 9 
 
 being for the present, by the blessing of God, in 
 health of body and mind ; yet considering the frailty 
 of man's life, and the uncertainty of the time thereof, 
 am therefore resolved so to order my affairs in my 
 o\ven time, that all differences that may follow there- 
 anent after my death may be obviated and prevented; 
 therefore I make my latter will and testament as 
 follows. In the first place, I recommend my soul 
 to God Almighty, my Creator, hoping to be saved 
 by the merits of Jesus Christ, my only Lord and 
 Redeemer : and I desire my friends, when it shall 
 please God to call me, to cause decently inter my 
 body in the ordinary burial-place of my family : and 
 as to my worldly affairs, I nominate Jean Scollay, 
 my well-beloved wife, my only executrix." To her 
 he left, besides the jointure provided to her out of 
 his real estate, all his personal property during her 
 life, with a power of distribution among the children 
 of both his marriages. 
 
 O 
 
 David Strang died in 1733 ; and, all the sons of his 
 former marriage being dead within five years there- 
 after (one of them a writer in Edinburgh, with whom 
 we shall make farther acquaintance), his heritable 
 property devolved upon ROBERT, eldest son of his 
 second nuptials, and the subject of this memoir. He 
 was born on the 14th of July 1721, but the celebrity 
 of his name has tempted some unscrupulous anti- 
 quary to filch from the parish register the leaf which
 
 10 THE FAMILY OF STRANGE. [1721. 
 
 it graced. Of his numerous sisters, Sibella alone is 
 known to have married; and one of her sons by 
 Edward Keith will recur in an after chapter. 
 Though the Orcadian Strangs, in sympathy with the 
 uneuphonious patronymics of their Scandinavian 
 neighbours, wrote their name in its harsher form, 
 the parent stock had occasionally softened it by 
 adding a final e, and thus we find it in the earliest 
 of the remaining Balcaskie title-deeds, dated in 1441. 
 Among their off-shoots may be reckoned Sir James 
 Matthew Stronge, Bart., of Tynan Abbey, county of 
 Armagh, who bears the Balcaskie cheveron, duly 
 differenced. His ancestor, like Sir Robert Strange, 
 adopted the open termination of his name, while re- 
 turning to what may have been its original import, 
 the strung or strong man. Thus much regarding our 
 artist's antecedents. To refined minds, a conscious- 
 ness of gentle blood is an equivalent for many of 
 Fortune's gifts ; yet the long pedigree of these Fife- 
 shire lairds owes more lustre to his reputation, than 
 its chieftainship could impart to his name. The 
 amount of his patrimonial fortune is not known, but 
 it enabled him to pursue the highest walks of his 
 profession with considerable advantages, and without 
 depending on its drudgery. Of his younger years 
 nothing is on record beyond what he has noted in a 
 crude and scarcely corrected fragment which I shall 
 now introduce, regretting that the autobiography
 
 172133.] SIR EGBERT'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 11 
 
 which it was intended to commence should have so 
 soon been discontinued. 
 
 " The island of Pomona, in the Orkneys, gave birth 
 to the author of the following work. My father 
 was a descendant from an ancient family of Bal- 
 caskie, in the county of Fife; my mother, the 
 daughter of John Scollay of Hunton, Esquire, in 
 the Orkneys. In rny earlier years, till towards the 
 age of fourteen, I received such education as the 
 country afforded, and which terminated in an ex- 
 cellent grammar school, where I attained some 
 general knowledge of the classics. * Having had 
 
 * In the Fingask MS., to which we shall presently refer, it is 
 stated that Sir Robert " received his classical education at Kirkwall, 
 in Orkney, under the care of a learned, worthy, and respected 
 gentleman, Mr. Murdoch M'Kenzie, still alive, who has rendered in- 
 finite service to his country by the accurate surveys and charts he 
 has given of the islands of Orkney, and the British and Irish coasts." 
 M'Kenzie, also an Orcadian, and grandson of the good bishop of 
 that name, was his pupil's relation, and, though his senior by nine 
 years, survived him. He enjoys a well-earned reputation as the first 
 Scottish hydrographer who brought science and accuracy to the task 
 of surveying his native coasts. After publishing his charts of the 
 Orkneys and Lewis in 1750, he was employed by the Admiralty 
 upon a great maritime survey of the western coasts of Great Britain, 
 which, to his great annoyance, was interrupted by orders from the 
 First Lord [Sandwich] sending him to work upon the Irish coast. 
 It was published, notwithstanding his protest, in so imperfect a state, 
 that many important errors, especially in the Firth of Clyde, com- 
 mitted by incompetent assistants, went forth to the world, and have 
 only of late been corrected. He was also author of a treatise on 
 Maritime Surveying in 1774.
 
 12 STRANGE'S PREDILECTION [1733. 
 
 the misfortune to lose my father, it became necessary 
 that I should betake myself to some regular course 
 of life. My natural inclination was to go to sea : 
 having been often accustomed to pleasure upon the 
 water, and visiting many of the vessels who either 
 arrived or took their departure, I had, in general, 
 experienced all the sweets, but none of the hardships, 
 which do accompany this watery element. I had 
 frequently been accustomed to amuse myself with 
 drawing, without knowing its tendency, for never 
 had an idea of art passed the Pentland Firth. 
 Living in a remote corner of the world, genius had 
 not here its proper latitude, either for exertion 
 or information. 
 
 " My relations, in general combated every idea I 
 entertained with respect to the sea ; particularly my 
 mother, to whose opinion I owed every deference. 
 The Law was what they held out to me, which, after 
 some difficulty, and having no other alternative, I of 
 course agreed to. Soon after this, I was placed with 
 an intelligent man, an attorney. I had not been 
 long here before my time began to hang heavy on 
 my hands, nor had I lost sight of the agreeable 
 hours I had passed upon the water, but from which 
 I was now interdicted. The task assigned me was 
 in copying papers which I but little understood ; of 
 course they could afford me no entertainment. In 
 this manner did I rub over several months, neither
 
 1734.] FOE A NAVAL CAREER. 13 
 
 to my own, nor to the satisfaction of others. I had, 
 at this time, a brother who had been settled several 
 years at Edinburgh as a writer or lawyer. * I had 
 reason to believe that my mother had instructed him 
 privately of my situation, and of the strong desire 
 I still entertained of going to sea, for, weary of the 
 state I was in, I had from time to time testified every 
 desire of this nature, and forced it in some measure 
 to a trial. She, who was all indulgence, told me she 
 would herself have no hand in removing me from 
 where I had been placed, but that she would consult 
 my brother at Edinburgh. I was elated with this 
 proposal, and no sooner had the return of a letter 
 been received, than I was to be consigned by the first 
 opportunity which sailed from Kirkwall to Leith, 
 and which actually took place in the course of a 
 few months. 
 
 " On my arrival at Edinburgh, no reception could 
 be more kind than that which I experienced from my 
 brother. In the sequel, indeed, he proved to me a 
 father. Tears of gratitude at this moment bedew 
 my cheeks, and whilst breathing I must venerate his 
 memory. I passed some days here, as it were to see 
 the place, without anything material having happen- 
 ed, only that my inclinations had, in general, been 
 consulted, when I had the same propensity as ever of 
 
 * The imperfect records of this fraternity do not enable me to 
 give any farther notice of our artist's half-brother here spoken of.
 
 14 STRANGE GOES TO SEA. [1734. 
 
 going to sea. We had a most agreeable passage 
 from the Orkneys, passed about a week at Peterhead 
 on the voyage, where we had been detained by 
 a contrary wind. All this had been exceedingly 
 agreeable, and only confirmed me in my former de- 
 sire. There was at this time stationed in the road 
 of Leith the Alborough man-of-war, a vessel of 
 twenty guns, and commanded by Captain Robinson. 
 Some days after my arrival at Edinburgh, it hap- 
 pened that this gentleman gave an entertainment to 
 many of his friends, on board the Alborough ; and 
 my brother, who had been an acquaintance of Cap- 
 tain Robinson's, was of the party. It is more than 
 probable that during this interview I had been the 
 subject of conversation, and that my brother had 
 mentioned to him his consignment from the Orkneys ; 
 for the very next morning, when at breakfast, he 
 put a question to me, saying, ' Robie, how would you 
 like to go on board a man-of-war ? ' I replied there 
 was nothing I should like better. Thus understand- 
 ing each other, he told me that he had mentioned me 
 to Captain Robinson, who informed him that he was 
 going upon a cruise for some weeks, during which 
 time he had no objection to receive me on board the 
 Alborough ; and that, after his return to Leith, I 
 might either remain, or leave the vessel if I found 
 the sea was not agreeable to me. No proposal could 
 be more flattering than this ; I was elated with it
 
 1734.] STRAXGE GOES TO SEA. 15 
 
 beyond measure. My brother then desired I might 
 not be out of the way, for that next day he would 
 see Captain Robinson and of course present me to 
 him, which was accordingly done. 
 
 I' Xo time was now to be lost. The Alborough 
 was to sail in a few days, during which I was pro- 
 vided in what necessaries were requisite for so short 
 a period as that of a few weeks' cruise ; but, in the 
 sequel, it turned out otherwise. I was conducted 
 on board the Alborough by my brother ; it turned 
 out to be the very morning she was beginning to 
 unmoor, and in the course of the day to sail. Cap- 
 tain Robinson received me with politeness, and re- 
 commended me to the care of the midshipmen ; but 
 particularly to that of a Mr. Sommers, who was 
 then walking the quarter-deck, and from whom 
 I afterwards received every attention. I here took 
 leave of my brother, who remained with other com- 
 pany that were on board, and dined with the cap- 
 tain. In the afternoon, the vessel was under sail, 
 and towards evening we quitted the road of Leith. 
 It was towards the middle of summer; the weather 
 was pleasant, and, upon the whole, my situation was 
 agreeable, though I was by no means exempted from 
 doing my duty. We continued our cruise off the 
 coast of England for I think the space of near four 
 weeks, when Captain Robinson received an express 
 rom the Admiralty, desiring his attendance with
 
 16 STRANGE GOES TO SEA. [1734, 
 
 the Alborough at Gravesend, there to receive on 
 board the Swedish Ambassador, then at the Court of 
 Britain, together with his family, and conduct them 
 over to Gottenburg. This unexpected change in 
 our situation opened to me, as it were, a new 
 scene of entertainment ; and, the weather having 
 in general been fine, rather confirmed me in the 
 choice I had made. Several weeks had intervened 
 before we finally left Gravesend. We had a most 
 tedious passage to Gottenburg; the winds being 
 in general adverse, and the weather rainy and dis- 
 agreeable. I could often have dispensed with doing 
 my duty, and the rather that during the whole of 
 our voyage I had been in general sick. After 
 several weeks being tossed at sea, we at length 
 reached the port of our destination, and got to Got- 
 tenburg. Here we remained from two towards three 
 weeks, during which tune the weather was tolerable. 
 My friend, Mr. Sommers, carried me on shore, 
 where we passed a day or two; and where I had 
 that curiosity satisfied which is peculiar to every 
 stranger. Captain Robinson, too, during our being 
 at sea, had frequently beckoned me to him on the 
 quarter-deck, and asked me various questions, in 
 particular relative to my like or dislike of the sea. 
 This attention on the part of the captain had its 
 proper effect with respect to others. 
 
 " Before leaving Gottenburg, I had wrote a letter
 
 1734.] HIS RETURX. 17 
 
 to my brother, in which I was not altogether that 
 enthusiast I had been in favour of my new profes- 
 sion ; for, by this time, I had begun to state, as 
 debtor and creditor, both the pleasures and the hard- 
 ships which attended this course of life. My friend, 
 Mr. Sommers, too, contributed not a little to un- 
 hinge me, by stating to me his own grievances, to- 
 gether with the precariousness of promotion in the 
 service, notwithstanding he had been long in the navy. 
 His words frequently were, ' Bob, if you have any 
 other alternative, quit the sea, and you'll afterwards 
 bless me for my advice.' Time, indeed, did verify it. 
 "We sailed from Gottenburg rather with a con- 
 trary wind ; but the weather was mild. Our passage 
 back to England seemed to be as tedious as it had 
 been to Sweden. It was now late in the season, 
 and we had reason to apprehend the equinoctial 
 storms, which, indeed, we soon experienced. They 
 were both violent and of a long duration. For many 
 days our fire was extinguished, the guns lashed, the 
 topmasts lowered, the sails furled, and the vessel 
 herself left, as it were, to the discretion of the waves, 
 or to the fury of a merciless element. All this 
 while I was sick to death, and ever wished myself 
 on shore. Kay, I could again have returned to the 
 Orkneys anything would have been agreeable for 
 a change of situation during this period. The storm 
 at length abated; and in the course of a few days we 
 
 c
 
 18 STRANGE'S RETURN. [1734. 
 
 got sight of land, and consequently got into smooth 
 water. Soon after this the Alborough was ordered 
 back to her station: winter was approaching, for 
 almost five months had intervened from the time of 
 our leaving Leith till our final return. The day 
 after our arrival I got on shore, blessing my stars on 
 so happy an event, and congratulating myself for the 
 first fortunate period of my life which restored me to 
 an affectionate brother, and from whom I received 
 the kindest welcome. 
 
 " Some days passed over without anything material 
 happening, only that he informed me he was by no 
 means displeased when he understood, by a second 
 letter I had wrote him from sea, that I had given up 
 every idea of pursuing it ; and he was now desirous 
 to know what I would point out, or what would 
 gratify my inclination, adding that, that I was the 
 first to be consulted, as it regarded my future fortune, 
 and perhaps the happiness of my life. I was on this 
 occasion all obsequiousness, and grateful to my bene- 
 factor; I wished to consult him, and even to be 
 regulated by his advice. The field where I was now 
 placed had not, as yet, given me time to deliberate, and 
 though I had formerly spent many hours in amusing 
 myself from time to time with drawing, I had not as 
 yet got into the track of it, nor had I once thought 
 of it during the several months which I spent on 
 board the Alborough. My brother, however, urged
 
 1734.] HIS INCLINATION FOR DRAWING. 19 
 
 me to a decision, asking me at the same time what 
 had been my material objection at being with Mr. 
 Mackenzie in the Orkneys. I replied, I had none, 
 but that a desire of going to sea had preponderated 
 with me, and I believed from no other reason 
 but that I had been often accustomed to pleasure 
 upon the water. ( That being now over,' added he, 
 f would you like to return to him ? or, if you could 
 follow the same profession here, would it be per- 
 fectly eligible to you, supposing I should under- 
 take to breed you myself?' I answered, it would, 
 and that he could not propose to me a question that 
 could make me happier. Thus were our ideas for 
 the present perfectly united; nay, I knew it gave 
 him pleasure, because he had a predilection for his 
 own profession, and I had on former occasions fre- 
 quent opportunities of knowing that he wished I 
 would give it the preference. 
 
 " Before leaving my native country, I had wrote an 
 excellent hand of write, but had been out of the 
 practice of it for several months. It was not to be 
 doubted but that I should soon recover it ; and which 
 literally was the case, for I soon became extremely 
 useful. My brother attended at this time a public 
 office in the line of his profession, where he spent the 
 morning till towards the hour of dinner. I generally 
 occupied his apartment at home ; where I employed 
 my time in copying such papers as he had occasion 
 
 C 2
 
 20 STRANGE'S BROTHER [1734. 
 
 for. In this manner the winter passed over, though 
 not without some little encroachments on my part with 
 respect to the time I should have employed in what 
 regarded my common avocations. These briefly were 
 no other than that I had begun, as it were in a private 
 way, to amuse myself with drawing ; keeping every- 
 thing, however, as much as I could out of sight. I was 
 even sometimes gently reprehended, and questioned 
 in what manner I could pass my time, he being a 
 perfect judge of what I was capable of doing. To 
 these and such like questions I had little to answer. 
 Silence was the rule I observed, notwithstanding it 
 implied a certain guilt. One day my brother came 
 in, rather bytimes, with a resolution of passing the 
 whole of the afternoon at home, in order to expedite 
 some writings were in a hurry. He sent me some 
 messages after dinner, which employed a considerable 
 part of the afternoon. During my absence on this 
 occasion, some papers, which had been mislaid, he 
 had rummaged for in the bureau at which I used 
 to write, where, unfortunately, he put his hands upon 
 a budget of drawings I had carefully concealed. 
 These drawings were no more than little sketches I 
 had done in pen and ink ; some few from my own 
 fancy, and others from the ornaments and title-pages 
 of books, &c. On my return I little dreamt of this 
 detection, nor did I even suspect it. No conduct on 
 the part of my brother afforded me the least hint, but, 
 on the contrary, he was placid to a degree. He had
 
 1735.] DISCOVERS HIS DRAWINGS. 21 
 
 removed the drawings, and afterwards did not fail of 
 making a proper use of them, and converting them to 
 my advantage. 
 
 " There was at this time settled at Edinburgh, Mr. 
 [Richard] Cooper, an engraver, who I shall after- 
 wards take an opportunity of mentioning. A Mr. 
 Fraser, by profession a lawyer, and an intimate ac- 
 quaintance of Mr. Cooper's, introduced my brother 
 to this artist, when my drawings were tabled, and an 
 opinion of course asked. Mr. Cooper replied, that he 
 could not say but the young man who did them had 
 some promising genius; but if it was proposed I 
 should be an engraver, he would take trial of me for 
 five or six weeks, during which time he would be a 
 more competent judge, and he thought it would be to 
 the advantage of both parties. This was agreed upon, 
 and I was to call on Mr. Cooper; which I soon 
 did, presenting him a note from my brother by way 
 of introduction. I had been a perfect stranger to 
 what had been going on, nor had I even missed 
 my drawings. My brother was the first that gave 
 me any information of them, and of the use he had 
 made of them. He did it, indeed, in a manner that 
 did him honour, adding, that he had only one object 
 in view, which was my future welfare and happiness. 
 As to himself, he said it would be no disappoint- 
 ment whatever my quitting his profession; he had 
 observed that my mind did not go along with it> 
 
 c 3
 
 22 STRANGE APPRENTICED [1735. 
 
 that in the field in which I was now likely to embark 
 nature seemed to point out the way; and that he 
 hoped on my part no assiduity would be wanting. 
 These, and many such fatherly hints he threw out, 
 which softened me into tears. The very Monday 
 following I went to Mr. Cooper's, who immediately 
 assigned me a task, and from one [day] to another he 
 seemed much pleased with my assiduity. Nature had 
 here her full scope, and genius soon began to exert 
 itself. I felt my situation happy, and apparently a 
 prospect of its continuance. I had not been ten days 
 with Mr. Cooper before he met my brother in the street, 
 and, accosting him, testified how much he was pleased 
 with his young pupil, adding at the same time that, if 
 it was agreeable to all parties, and not to prolong 
 time, a bargain might be instantly concluded. To 
 this my brother had no objection. I was in the 
 course of a few days bound an apprentice, for no less 
 a period than that of six years, paying at the same 
 time a decent apprentice fee. Mr. Frazer with my 
 brother were my principal cautioners. I was now 
 totally removed to Mr. Cooper's, where I insensibly 
 became one of the family, and a favourite, too, with 
 my master. I felt my situation easy, and the love of 
 my profession grew upon me more or less every day. 
 " I shall here trespass upon the reader's patience, 
 and say something of Mr. Cooper. It is, indeed, 
 incumbent upon me; it is even a justice which I
 
 1735.] TO RICHARD COOPER. 23 
 
 owe to his memory. This artist was born in London, 
 and bred under Mr. Pine, an engraver. A con- 
 siderable succession having reverted to him upon the 
 death of his father, he quitted his profession as an 
 engraver, and went to Italy in order to study paint- 
 ing, and passed several years at Rome. I am en- 
 tirely a stranger in what manner he employed his 
 time whilst in that city ; but certain it is, he was 
 an excellent draughtsman, had acquired a know- 
 ledge of the great masters, and was himself no 
 inconsiderable painter, notwithstanding he did not 
 follow it in a professional line. As a graver, he 
 seemed to want more practice with that instrument 
 than he had acquired; but what he executed had 
 both spirit and taste to recommend it. He had 
 formed an excellent collection of drawings, and many 
 of them by the great masters. His own studies, 
 too, were not inconsiderable. Mr. Cooper, during 
 his stay in Rome, had formed an acquaintance and 
 friendship with a Mr. Guthrie, a native of Scotland, 
 and student in painting. They returned to Britain 
 together. They arrived in the summer season, 
 when Mr. Cooper was prevailed upon to escort his 
 friend part of the way to Scotland, without having 
 entertained the least idea of visiting that country. 
 The travellers got as far as York, where they were 
 to separate ; but it so turned out that the friend- 
 ships of these artists being so cemented, Mr. Cooper 
 c 4
 
 24 SKETCH OF [1735. 
 
 was prevailed upon to pay a visit to Edinburgh, 
 where Mr. Guthrie's family resided. He got ac- 
 quainted in a short time with several of the principal 
 gentlemen in that city, and indeed of the country at 
 large. The arrival of such a stranger was no small 
 acquisition to Edinburgh, where the arts had lan- 
 guished, or where, more properly speaking, they 
 never had been introduced. Scotland, however, 
 had had her painters. The celebrated Sir John 
 Medina had been a residenter in that kingdom; 
 Jameson, an excellent portrait painter, had been 
 bred under Vandyck, and was a native of that 
 country ; Smeebort had been likewise the same ; 
 Aikman, too, an ingenious portrait painter, had been 
 a scholar of Sir Godfrey Kneller.* 
 
 * Although mentioned in most art-biographies, Richard Cooper 
 will be best known by this tribute from the most eminent of his 
 pupils. The few cited works from his burin are chiefly portraits, 
 inadequate to found a reputation; and his profile, engraved by him- 
 self in mezzotint, after J. Donaldson, is extremely rare. Strutt has 
 confused him with his son Richard, who taught drawing to Queen 
 Charlotte, and at Eton College. The elder Cooper built for himself 
 a house of more pretension than was usually occupied by the gentry 
 of Edinburgh, which, sharing the common lot of their dwellings, is 
 now sadly degraded, and has become a hat manufactory. It is 
 situated on the east side of St. John-street ; has three stories, each 
 with three well-proportioned rooms, and, connected by a spacious stair, 
 ornamented with a handsome carved balustrade. Rumour speaks of 
 compositions painted in oil on the ceilings ; but, alas ! whitewash 
 alone remains to tell a tale of decorations barbarously defaced. On 
 the wall, however, of the adjoining dining-room, there is still a 
 landscape in the classical taste, about 5j by 9 feet, which, from the
 
 1735.] RICHARD COOPER. 25 
 
 " Mr. Cooper was prevailed upon to pass the winter 
 at Edinburgh, where, in a short time, he enlarged 
 the circle of his acquaintances amongst many of the 
 nobility and principal gentry of that country. All, 
 as if by one consent, solicited his remaining, and many 
 had already tendered to him their friendships and 
 good offices. An offering so flattering as this had 
 its desired effect; and the first journey which Mr. 
 Cooper made to London was to settle his affairs 
 there, and bring down to Scotland the purchases he 
 had made in Italy, which was no inconsiderable 
 acquisition to the country where the arts were yet 
 in their infancy. The line which Mr. Cooper pur- 
 sued was engraving, this art having been almost 
 totally unknown. Of one kind and another he had 
 a multiplicity of work, though not of the first choice. 
 He had employed an artist or two he had brought 
 down from London; and, besides myself, he had 
 
 tendency of mural oil paintings to darken, and from accumulated 
 smoke, is scarcely discernible. The house afterwards belonged to 
 the Earl of Wemyss, and within the last thirty years looked upon a 
 private garden, tastefully kept up. Cooper's master was John Pine, 
 who published the Armada tapestries from the old House of Lords, 
 and engraved the text of Horace. His son, Robert Edge Pine, was 
 a tolerable portrait painter, whose restless temperament carried him 
 to America, where he died in 1790. A brother, Simon, miniature 
 painter, died in 1772. William Aikman of Cairney, in Forfarshire, 
 was, like Strange, destined for the law ; but, preferring the pursuits 
 of art, sold his patrimonial estate and went to Rome in 1707. On 
 his return some years later, he settled in London, where he painted 
 many portraits of distinguished persons, and died in 1731, aged 49.
 
 26 THE EDINBURGH ACADEMY. [1735 7. 
 
 other apprentices. A school of this nature could 
 not fail of communicating, as it were, the first rudi- 
 ments of the art, particularly where the assiduity of 
 the young artist was perpetually employed, and soli- 
 citous of doing well. Mr. Cooper encouraged me as 
 much as possible in the study of drawing, well 
 knowing its tendency towards forming an engraver. 
 He was exceedingly communicative, and on all occa- 
 sions opened to me his portfolios. In short, I soon 
 became of consequence, and of real utility to him, 
 and of course a favourite with him. Amongst other 
 advantages to a young artist, we had a winter's 
 academy at Edinburgh. It was superintended by 
 Mr. Cooper, who was well qualified for it, and was 
 supported, at the easy subscription of half a guinea, 
 amongst the few artists of that city, and a number 
 of gentlemen who were solicitous of promoting the 
 arts. I became a constant attender on this academy, 
 after being in some measure qualified for it. I had 
 likewise copied some French prints, which gave me 
 a facility with the graver, intermixing that harmony 
 which the exercise of drawing will ever produce in 
 the execution of any subject, but particularly that of 
 history, to which I had ever an eye. 
 
 " In this manner had I passed over about the two 
 first years of my apprenticeship, when an event 
 happened which proved to me one of the greatest 
 misfortunes I have experienced in my life ; it was
 
 1737.] DEATH OF HIS BROTHER. 27 
 
 the death of my brother. He was cut off in the 
 flower of life, and in the course of a few days, by a 
 violent fever. I not only lost on this occasion a 
 brother, but a second father, a friend and benefactor. 
 There was united in him all the qualities of the best 
 of hearts. He was generous, he was benevolent, 
 and he was humane. He had been settled at Edin- 
 burgh for several years, and, had he lived, he would 
 have shone in his profession. His acquaintances 
 were numerous, and they were respectable, and 
 there seemed on this occasion a general concern in 
 the city for several days. I had now lost a connec- 
 tion which was dear to me, and which I knew could 
 not be replaced. He was ever vigilant over my con- 
 duct, and perpetually tendering me his kind offices. 
 I in return was studious to deserve both. This un- 
 expected misfortune perhaps created in me a desire 
 of revisiting my native country. I was discouraged 
 in it by Mr. Cooper, to whom I had become exceed- 
 ingly useful. This opposition on his part was natural. 
 But my desire did not end here, for it became a 
 perfect disease with me, which I could not subdue, 
 and what the French call la maladie du pays. After 
 various efforts, I at last obtained permission, assuring 
 Mr. Cooper that I should make up to him whatever 
 time I was absent. 
 
 " I of course sailed for the Orkneys about the be- 
 ginning of June, elated with the idea of revisiting
 
 28 STRANGE EE VISITS [1737. 
 
 the town of Kirkwall, the seat of my nativity, which 
 my imagination had formed to be one of the elegant 
 cities of the times, and not even a second to Edin- 
 burgh. We had a pleasant passage, which we per- 
 formed in the course of a few days, and came to 
 anchor in the road off Kirkwall upon a Sunday 
 morning. This scene I viewed with pleasure, as it 
 reminded me of happy days. We got on shore, I 
 will not say about the hour of divine service, but 
 about the time that the kirk had assembled. Soon 
 after our arrival we separated, some one way, and 
 some another. I had a long way to walk before I 
 reached my mother's house. But never was astonish- 
 ment like mine ; not even a dog was to be seen on 
 the streets. The solitude of the place, the nakedness 
 of the houses for I had formed to my imagination 
 so many palaces, the magnitude of the cathe- 
 dral church, which diminished every other object, 
 were to me the whole as if it had been a dream, the 
 whole a piece of delusion. I reached my mother's 
 house, and waited her return with impatience from 
 the kirk. That instant she saw me we were locked 
 in each other's arms ; our tears were mutual, on ac- 
 count of the misfortune we had so recently sustained. 
 Dinner being over, my mother solicited me attend- 
 ing her tc the kirk ; but I begged to be excused ; I 
 rather preferred taking a solitary excursion round 
 the suburbs of this magnificent town, which had led
 
 1737.] THE ORKNEYS. 29 
 
 me into delusion, and to persuade, if possible, my 
 wayward senses whether the whole was yet reality 
 or delirium. 
 
 " I had now been upwards of three years absent 
 from my native country ; of course a sight of me 
 had been rare. My reputation, too, as an artist, had 
 found its way even to the Orkneys, an appellation 
 which for the first time had been heard of in the 
 country. Many in consequence were desirous of pos- 
 sessing something of my engraving, whether in seals, 
 crests, or coats of arms, &c. I passed the first days 
 in visiting my relations, friends, &c., and in renew- 
 ing my intimacy with some of my old school com- 
 panions. I even endeavoured to get the better of 
 my delirium, and to restore to my deluded fancy 
 their pristine ideas ; and in which I soon succeeded. 
 The town of Kirkwall insensibly resumed the ap- 
 pearance I had known it have formerly, and even the 
 stately edifice of St. Magnus had lost to me his con- 
 sequence. Thus I became a rational being. My 
 intended visit to my native country was meant to 
 be but of short duration ; I knew I was wanted at 
 Edinburgh. During my stay in town, and in visit- 
 ing several gentlemen in the islands, I had been 
 charged with a number of commissions, which my 
 employers in general were anxious to possess. This 
 abridged several of my visits, and made me return to 
 Kirkwall, where I deliberately sat me down, and
 
 30 HE RETURNS TO EDINBURGH. [173740. 
 
 executed such of my commissions as I conveniently 
 could, leaving others till my return to Edinburgh. 
 This occasioned a prolongation of my stay in the 
 Orkneys, and it was towards the latter end of 
 autumn before I could leave it. 
 
 " I now returned to Edinburgh, where I had been 
 waited for with impatience, and I resumed, with 
 every ardour in my power, my former avocations. 
 Mr. Cooper had engaged in a new work, which was 
 a folio edition of Albinus' Anatomical Plates, to be 
 superintended by the celebrated Monro. I had in 
 some measure the conducting of this work, and even 
 my choice of such subjects as I wished to engrave : 
 what fell to my province was the ostiology, and two 
 plates of the external muscles. This work did not 
 fail to be a considerable advantage to me. There 
 were some alterations to be made in the muscles, 
 which gave me frequent opportunities of conversing 
 with this celebrated anatomist. I was besides a sort 
 of favourite with him, because he wrote from time to 
 time in the Medical Essays of Edinburgh, and had 
 generally some anatomical preparation to illustrate 
 what he had wrote upon ; of course I engraved 
 several of them. Even in the practice of my aca- 
 demical figures I have had many excellent hints from 
 him.* 
 
 * I am unable to verify this reference to matters no longer fresh 
 in the writer's memory. The only Edinburgh edition of Albinus'
 
 173740.] MR. COOPER'S HOUSE. 31 
 
 " During my stay in the Orkneys, Mr. Cooper, as 
 I was informed, had it in contemplation to alter his 
 state. He has hitherto lived the life of a bachelor, 
 and, being superior to common prejudices, and dis- 
 regardless as it were of the censure of the world, I 
 must say that many things in his family required a 
 reform. He had built what in those days was called 
 a fine house, or indeed at any period it might be 
 termed so. He had decorated this house with every 
 ornament ; and on the walls of his great drawing- 
 room he had himself painted in oil some historical 
 compositions which were by no means contemptible. 
 It had been the fashion, when this house was finished, 
 for all ranks of people to visit it ; and it was in re- 
 serve for the lady who should be the object of his 
 affection to furnish it in what manner she pleased. 
 
 Tables of which I am aware, was published in 1777-8, dedicated to 
 and with the approval of Professor Alexander Monro, by Andrew 
 Bell, whose name appears as the engraver of each plate. Whether 
 this was the publication undertaken by Cooper some thirty-eight or 
 'forty years before, and in which his apprentice took part, I cannot 
 positively say, although doubtful of the new editor's good faith; 
 but, in any case, these anatomical plates could be of little interest 
 as tests of artistic promise. The same may be said of still humbler 
 efforts exhibited in the illustrations to the first edition of the Edin- 
 burgh Medical Essays, 1733-44. These almost all bear Cooper's 
 name, and afford no means of detecting Strange's labours. One 
 which, dates and other circumstances kept in view, may be his, 
 is plate ii. of vol. v., 1742 : it represents the posterior view of a 
 remarkable skull, after a drawing by Cooper, for a paper by Dr. 
 Monro.
 
 32 MRS. COOPER. [173740. 
 
 This choice fell to the share of Miss Anna Lind, 
 the daughter of a respectable family, and in herself 
 possessing every amiable accomplishment. She was 
 elegant in the extreme, modest to an uncommon 
 degree, had a courtesy in her deportment which won 
 her to your esteem, and what few people even bred 
 at a court do possess. She was by no means beau- 
 tiful, but was exceedingly agreeable. Her features 
 were regular, but they had been marked with the 
 small-pox; notwithstanding of which, when in con- 
 versation with her, you would have sworn that the 
 graces played upon her countenance. Added to all 
 this, she had been well educated, and had an elegant 
 understanding. Such was the choice of Mr. Cooper, 
 which indeed did him infinite honour, and which, to 
 the best of my remembrance, took place sometime 
 after my arrival from the Orkneys. 
 
 " This apparent change in our family before it took 
 place was not relished by all of it, for every one had 
 been his own master or mistress. The female part 
 of it saw themselves under the necessity of decamp- 
 ing, and of losing their authority. This indeed took 
 place before Mrs. Cooper's arrival ; other changes 
 were regulated by time. I was perhaps the only 
 person that relished a revolution of this nature, where 
 I foresaw order, decency, and regularity would take 
 place. I had a fellow-apprentice with me in the 
 house, Michael Hay. He had been the son of a
 
 173740.] MICHAEL HAY. 33 
 
 gentleman in Fife, and nephew to an Andrew Hay, 
 who was well known in London towards the begin- 
 ning of this [eighteenth] century, and had been in- 
 strumental in forming the collections of the Duke 
 of Devonshire, the Houghton, and others of this 
 country. Andrew Hay was bred a portrait-painter, 
 but, possessing a middling degree of merit, he soon 
 abandoned it, and, as he had passed several years in 
 Italy, he had acquired a knowledge in the works of 
 the great masters, and of course became a dealer. 
 He made regular journeys to Rome, and on his re- 
 turn, after his sales were over, he generally visited 
 his native country. He was much connected with 
 Mr. Cooper, and bound an apprentice to him this 
 young man that I have mentioned, but without 
 having in the least consulted his genius. Michael 
 was a pleasant, sensible, young fellow, but dissipated 
 to a degree, without either genius or inclination for 
 the arts. Application to him had at all times been 
 a restraint, notwithstanding he had most excellent 
 qualities, and in any other line of life would have 
 shone. 
 
 " Soon after my return to Edinburgh, I had applied 
 to Mr. Cooper that he would indulge me now and 
 then in a day or two, that I might execute a few 
 commissions which I had brought with me from the 
 Orkneys, and others which I had received elsewhere, 
 assuring him at the same time that I would keep an 
 
 D
 
 34 STRANGE'S APPRENTICESHIP. [173740. 
 
 exact account, and make up to him every hour at the 
 expiration of my apprenticeship. This proposal I 
 foresaw that he would not, nor did he actually relish 
 it ; concluding, doubtless, that what money I earnt in 
 this way was like taking so much out of his pocket, 
 and that the employers I had was like depriving him 
 of so many customers. He even threw out some hints 
 to this purpose. I soon, however, persuaded him of 
 the contrary. With respect to my employers in the 
 Orkneys, I told him that no idea of art had ever en- 
 tered there, nor would it but on my account have 
 happened, and that the gentlemen who had employed 
 me had done so from benevolence and friendship, and 
 that several of them were actually my relations. 
 With respect to what few jobs I had at Edinburgh, 
 I told him that they had been solely procured me 
 by persons who had been the intimate friends of my 
 brother, and who, on hearing that I was likely to do 
 well, had actually found me out, and tendered to me 
 their friendly offices. I concluded, by way of argu- 
 ment, that he could be no stranger that the death of 
 that brother had been the greatest misfortune to me, 
 and that I could not subsist, nor make a decent ap- 
 pearance in the world, without some resource of the 
 nature I was now proposing ; that I had already 
 borrowed some money of my mother, which she could 
 but little spare, having still a numerous family to 
 support ; and that I had given her a security upon
 
 173740.] MICHAEL HAY. 35 
 
 the property which she now life-rented, to be paid her 
 upon my coming of age. I added that I should keep 
 a regular account of the time I might have occasion 
 to encroach upon, and that I should faithfully make 
 it up to him at the expiration of my indentures. All 
 this was in the natural order of things, and actually 
 happened. My proposal was of course complied with, 
 but not without apprehension on my side that it pro- 
 duced a degree of what the French call jalousie du 
 maitre. 
 
 " I shall now, for an instant, return to my friend 
 Michael Hay, who by no means relished the intended 
 change which was to take place in the family; but, in 
 the sequel, as will appear, he made it subservient to 
 his purpose. Michael had been accustomed to keep 
 bad hours ; Mr. Cooper was himself regular in going 
 to bed, and, of course, an early riser in the morning. 
 In order to reform Michael, he had made it a rule to 
 shut the gates before eleven, and actually had the 
 keys brought up to him. This was a grievous re- 
 straint, which Michael was obliged for some time to 
 comply with. On my return from the Orkneys, he 
 had heavy complaints of this nature, but for which 
 he had planned a remedy, and only waited my arrival 
 to put it in execution. This project was to scale the 
 walls, which I warmly, at first, opposed. All he re- 
 quested, he said, was that, as he pretended, I should 
 not in honour betray his secret, and that to facilitate 
 
 D 2
 
 36 STKANGE'S APPKENTICESHIP. [173740. 
 
 his re-entry, I should submit to tie a string about my 
 ankle or great toe, in order that he might wake me 
 on his return. It was in vain to remonstrate with 
 Michael, and, of course, I did indulge him for awhile. 
 Once, towards one in the morning, after being 
 awaked, I heard a whispering below the window. 
 On my opening it, I saw a young wench who was 
 locked into the arms of my friend, and on my appear- 
 ance he desired that I should give her admittance by 
 throwing down the ropes, swearing at the same time 
 that he had brought her solely for my purpose. Mi- 
 chael had drunk a glass too much. I insisted on his 
 departure, otherwise I told him that Mr. Cooper, 
 who slept but in the adjacent room, would be awaked, 
 and that he would betray all our secrets ; with that 
 I let down the window gently. I heard no more of 
 Michael till it was past four in the morning. Mr. 
 Cooper's marriage took place soon after this, and 
 put an end to scaling the wall ; for, notwithstanding 
 every effort was made which was in the power of 
 my friend Michael, I never once after that indulged 
 him. 
 
 " Mrs. Cooper's arrival was attended with every 
 good consequence to the family. She herself was 
 the envy of many of her own sex, possessing a most 
 elegant house, and what ease and a certain degree of 
 affluence could afford. She had been well connected,, 
 visited and received visits of many of the principal
 
 173740.] MICHAEL HAY. 37 
 
 people of both sexes in the country. Such a situa- 
 tion was nattering to a degree. Many of Mr. 
 Cooper's old connections insensibly fell off, and were 
 succeeded by others, more suited to that regularity 
 and decency which had now taken place. For myself 
 I was much pleased, and being rather of consequence 
 in the family, Mrs. Cooper was on all occasions ex- 
 ceedingly courteous ; indeed, it was her nature to be 
 so, for she could not be otherwise. 
 
 " I shall now, for the last time, bring my friend 
 Michael upon the stage, and who by degrees had 
 made up his mind to his situation. Mrs. Cooper had 
 brought with her from the country an innocent and 
 beautiful young girl, to be the attendant upon her 
 own person. No sooner had Michael thrown his 
 eyes upon this girl, than an intrigue was instantly 
 devised, and actually in the course of a month or six 
 weeks information had been brought to Mrs. Cooper 
 that her maid Nelly, for such was the girl's name, 
 had been seen walking with Hay in the country. 
 This charge bore hard upon poor Nelly, and which 
 she could not deny. Her relations lived near the 
 seat of Mrs. Cooper's brother, about two miles or 
 more distant from Edinburgh, and the road was for 
 ever frequented by one or other of the family. Nelly 
 had been permitted to visit her relations every Sun- 
 day and holiday, and, of course, was subject to a 
 discovery. Many weeks had not intervened when a 
 
 D 3
 
 38 STRANGE'S APPRENTICESHIP. [173740. 
 
 second report of the like nature was carried to Mrs. 
 Cooper the very day after which it happened, with 
 this aggravating circumstance, that it Avas upon a 
 Sunday evening, and under cloud of night, that the 
 happy couple had been met. This information came 
 from a female, a near relation to the family, and, of 
 course, could not be doubted. Michael had before 
 now obtained his purpose, and poor Nelly, when 
 challenged, was all blushes and confusion. She was 
 sent home in a few days to her relations, and was 
 upon the straw almost as soon as her mistress. Mrs. 
 Cooper was a woman of most exemplary conduct, 
 but could not put up with anything like a faux pas 
 in her own sex. It was a virtue, though perhaps 
 carried to the extreme ; at any rate we must admit 
 it. 
 
 " Michael's situation in the family was rather [un- 
 pleasant] ; he was by no means the favourite of his 
 master, and Mrs. Cooper had always a degree of re- 
 straint upon her when in company with him. Soon 
 after this his uncle came down to Edinburgh, and 
 dining one day with Mr. Cooper, there were grievous 
 complaints against him. Dinner happened to be that 
 day in the room which was contiguous to the one in 
 which we engraved. Michael, who depended upon his 
 uncle, was ever obsequious, and even dreaded him. 
 After we retired from dinner, his ears had been all 
 attention, and he overheard Mr. Cooper concluding
 
 T 72 7 40.] END OF HIS AUTOBIOGRAPHY. 39 
 
 with saying * Damn the young dog, all my fear is 
 that he will debauch Bob.' There he was not greatly 
 mistaken, for Bob had escaped many dangers, but 
 Bob was one of those who ever made his pleasures 
 subservient to him. Andrew Hay had been long 
 conscious that his nephew would never make a figure 
 in the arts, and he on this occasion removed him by 
 buying up his indentures. He carried him up to 
 London, and sent him out to Jamaica with a large 
 assortment of French and other prints, which he dis- 
 posed of to great advantage. No sooner had Michael 
 returned from Jamaica than, flushed with success, he 
 was anxious to show himself to his country and re- 
 lations. He was a genteel young fellow, gay as any 
 West Indian; was bedaubed with lace, and had a 
 sword dangling by his side. Added to this, his 
 pockets were lined with gold. He past part of the 
 winter at Edinburgh, figured away at balls, plays 
 and assemblies ; and was a favourite with the young 
 ladies." 
 
 The simple and unpolished sketch which breaks 
 off thus abruptly appears to have been discontinued 
 and left almost without revisal. Its freshness and 
 individuality, as well as an orthography of French 
 words scarcely reconcileable with Strange's sub- 
 sequent long residence on the continent, connect it 
 with his early life, although it seems extraordinary 
 
 D 4
 
 40 STRANGE'S APPRENTICESHIP. [1741. 
 
 that he should then have conceived the idea of his 
 biography ever becoming worthy of publication. Our 
 readers have had more than enough of Michael 
 Hay, who might almost have sat for Hogarth's idle 
 apprentice ; yet we must regret the interruption of a 
 narrative naively reflecting the writer's character 
 and adventures, and promising curious glimpses of an 
 age that has left us but scanty traces of manners and 
 arts in the northern metropolis. And we part from 
 it with the more reluctance, as its minute portraiture 
 must be ill replaced by such sparing and scattered 
 notices as we have been able to glean. 
 
 The entire absence of dates in the MS. may be 
 thus conjecturally supplied. David Strang having 
 died in 1733, his son Robert, then about twelve, was 
 soon afterwards placed in Mr. Mackenzie's writing- 
 office at Kirkwall, where he spent some months 
 before going to Edinburgh. He probably arrived 
 there in the spring of 1734, and the summer and 
 autumn of that year were passed at sea; next 
 winter in his brother's office at Edinburgh. Thus 
 his apprenticeship must have begun in 1735, and 
 would end in 1741.
 
 1745.] THE ARTS IN SCOTLAND. 41 
 
 CHAP. IL 
 
 STATE OF THE ARTS IN SCOTLAND. STRANGE JOINS IN THE 
 
 REBELLION OF 1745. HE ENGJRAVES BANK-NOTES FOR THE 
 
 REBEL AKMY. HIS ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE OF CULLODEX. 
 
 HIS ESCAPE, AND ENGAGEMENT TO MISS LUMISDEN. 
 
 NOTWITHSTANDING the rude climate, rugged fea- 
 tures, and rough temperament of the country and its 
 people, music and poetry were unquestionably of in- 
 digenous growth in Scotland. It was not so, how- 
 ever, with the sister arts of design. Although we 
 cannot tell in what proportions native genius or 
 foreign skill raised those monastic and ecclesiastical 
 piles which, in extent and elaborate beauty, far sur- 
 pass the other monuments of that country, and seem 
 out of all keeping with its early resources, we may 
 cite Aytoun, Mylne, Graham, and a few more archi- 
 tects of well-earned fame. But the eighteenth century 
 found sculpture and engraving unknown in Scotland, 
 and, at least for many preceding generations, painting 
 had there been practised only to meet the demand 
 for portraiture. Among a peerage and squirarchy 
 inordinately observant of pedigree, such demand was 
 natural. Yet it had been fostered by a singular 
 circumstance. During the reign of Charles I., the
 
 42 THE AKTS IN SCOTLAND. [1745. 
 
 genial influence of whose artistic taste and patronage 
 reached not his northern dominions, a citizen of 
 Aberdeen returned from foreign travel thoroughly 
 master of portrait painting. He is reputed to have 
 studied under Rubens, with whose style his lively 
 conception of nature and easy execution bear some 
 analogy. His practical good sense limited his labours 
 to the only field in which employment was offered, 
 his efforts to giving portraits somewhat- of the dignity 
 of historical representation. But George Jameson 
 unfortunately formed no school and left no follower. 
 Vandyke, Lely, or Kneller painted such of Scot- 
 land's " fair women and brave men " as sought them 
 out in London. Yet, until Sir John Medina, no 
 limner of note crossed the border ; and even his 
 works, and those of his less successful son, but little 
 influenced their successors, who, converting a liberal 
 art into mere handicraft, itinerated from one laird's 
 house to another, carrying a stock of canvases ready 
 daubed with stereotyped figures in varied garb and 
 attitude, from which the doomed sitter might select 
 one of fitting guise, to have the head and hands put 
 in, with scanty reference to character or effect. 
 
 Such being the real condition of the only branch 
 of ornamental art encouraged in his country, Strange 
 had adopted what promised to be at best an un- 
 grateful profession, under circumstances neither fa- 
 vourable nor attractive, and with no facilities for its
 
 1745.] STEANGE'S JACOBITISM. 43 
 
 successful pursuit. How far he might have sur- 
 mounted these obstacles, or turned them to useful 
 account at home, it is needless to conjecture, since 
 unforeseen circumstances soon gave a different com- 
 plexion to his prospects, and eventually opened to 
 him a new and more promising career in the cultiva- 
 tion of art. These circumstances arose out of the 
 Jacobite rebellion of 1745, which, for the time, made 
 Strange a soldier, and gave him permanently, in 
 Miss Isabella Lumisden, a helpmate of singular 
 energy and worth. 
 
 Among the papers of Robert Dundas, of Arniston, 
 then Solicitor-general for Scotland, is a bundle of 
 intercepted letters, containing the following note 
 from William Balfour of Trenaby, in Orkney. It 
 is written in a disguised hand from Kirkwall, on the 
 14th of November, 1745, under cover to Mr. William 
 Lumisden, along with an order on him for five guineas, 
 payable to, and indorsed by, Thomas Traill. 
 
 " To Mr. Robert Strang, Ingraver, Edinburgh. 
 
 " Dear Robie, The inclosed, which will, I persuade 
 myself, be duly honoured, please accept of as a mark of 
 the zeal and affection I have for you and your welfare. 
 At present, my circumstances won't permit me a greater ; 
 but, small as it is, it may be, I presume, acceptable at 
 this juncture. You are to ask no questions on getting 
 payment of the bill. I shall send by another occasion a 
 second bill, for fear of miscarriage. Who I am I don't
 
 44 STKANGE'S JACOBITISM. [1745. 
 
 incline you should know at present, farther than that I 
 am, " Your affectionate friend and comrade, 
 
 " And humble servant." 
 
 The gift thus sent was probably among the last 
 fruits of the kindly feeling entertained for young 
 Strange in his native island, on which he had now 
 finally turned his back. The "juncture" referred 
 rather, it would seem, to public affairs than personal 
 matters, the rising of the clans for the old race of 
 Scottish royalty being already known even beyond 
 the Pentland Firth. Ten days previously, this Mr. 
 Balfour had addressed a letter, complimenting Mr. 
 Andrew Lumisden, writer in Edinburgh, and son 
 of his correspondent William, on " embracing this 
 opportunity of showing that you are not a friend to 
 the Stewart family only in pretence, but in reality. 
 Your conduct on this occasion confirms the opinion 
 I have always had of your candour and sincerity, 
 since I had the pleasure of your acquaintance; for 
 I hate those noisy pretenders who, though Provi- 
 dence has put an opportunity into their hands of 
 evidencing their sincerity, can yet slight it and sit 
 still." Rather a damaging document this for his 
 friend, in the hands of a solicitor-general; but, as 
 we shall afterwards see, Andrew Lumisden had 
 thrown himself without reserve among the Jacobite 
 party, and must have already been a marked man. 
 With such sentiments, at all events with their open
 
 1745.] STRANGE'S JACOBITISM. 45 
 
 avowal, his father had probably less sympathy ; but 
 it was otherwise with his sister Isabella, who, like 
 many daughters of Scotland, so wreathed their smiles 
 as to draw recruits to the Prince's standard. Beyond 
 all question, Mr. Strange's entanglement with the 
 Stuart cause arose neither from youthful enthusiasm, 
 hereditary prepossessions, nor earnest conviction. 
 His son, the late Sir Thomas, writes that " his habits 
 of thinking in after life, according to all my observa- 
 tion, were abhorrent from the principles that too 
 much influenced the rule of that unfortunate, if not 
 misguided, family. My father's were liberal, in the 
 best sense of the term. Zealous he was ; but it was 
 for good government, founded on the claims of all, 
 without extravagant regard for dynasty or partisan- 
 ship. My maternal grandfather, on the contrary, 
 embarked deeply [?] in the cause which the young 
 Chevalier had come to Scotland to revive and main- 
 tain ; and my excellent mother, warm in all her 
 affections, and teeming with that loyalty for which 
 her family had been distinguished, made it a condi- 
 tion with her lover, betrothed to her at the time as , 
 he was, that he should fight for her Prince."* The 
 opinion thus expressed finds confirmation in a brief 
 paper of memorabilia of Sir Robert Strange, dated 
 1797, and in the possession of Sir Patrick Murray 
 
 * The acquaintance of Robert Strange with Isabella Lumisden 
 commenced the year preceding the rebellion.
 
 46 STRANGE'S JACOBITISM. [1745. 
 
 Thriepland, Bart., of Fingask, whose grandfather, 
 Sir Stuart, was his comrade in arms, and friend in 
 their consequent exile.* " The rapid progress which 
 Mr. Strange made under Mr. Cooper's instructions 
 soon satisfied his friends that, in making the arts his 
 study and profession, he had yielded at last to the 
 bent of nature, and was following the course which 
 genius prompted him to pursue. While thus assidu- 
 ously employed in laying the foundation of his future 
 fame, a fatal interruption to the arts of peace took 
 place in Scotland, by the sudden appearance of that 
 youthful adventurer, whose father's vain attempt at 
 a former period, since it could not serve as a warning 
 to his unfortunate family, was destined to be the 
 portent of his son's disasters. The romantic boldness 
 of his enterprise ; the flattering confidence which it 
 bespoke in the valour as well as the attachment of 
 the Scottish nation, and in their steady adherence to 
 principles, however long these principles had ceased 
 to be the favourites of fortune ; these considerations, 
 though probably not entirely lost on a young and 
 
 * It will be occasionally cited as the Fingask MS., and may, I think, 
 have been drawn up by Sir Stuart's younger son Moncrieff, whom 
 we shall find domesticated in the Strange family, from 1784 to 1787, 
 while qualifying for the Indian bar, where he practised for many 
 years with success, became judge-advocate at Bombay, and, on his 
 return to Scotland, married Elizabeth, daughter of Walter Camp- 
 bell of Shawfield and Isla. Most of this MS. has been printed in 
 Chalmer's Biographical Dictionary, (v. Strange), and is sometimes 
 ascribed to the pen of Archdeacon Nares,
 
 1745.] STRANGE'S JACOBITISM. 47 
 
 ardent mind, still would not have been sufficient to 
 have influenced the conduct of one whose education 
 had received no tincture from those political pre- 
 judices, descending from father to son, in blind and 
 ruinous succession, in other families. But, resident 
 in Edinburgh, and in habits of intimacy with many 
 who might well be denominated less fortunate in this 
 respect, Mr. Strange could not but see in what light 
 mere neutrality in the approaching contest would be 
 viewed ; and, in those days of enthusiasm, when the 
 ferment of party was taught to mingle with gentler 
 passions in the breast of youth and beauty, he per- 
 ceived still more clearly how poor would prove the 
 claim of an inglorious spectator to a heart, the pos- 
 session of which had already become necessary to his 
 happiness. Influenced by so many motives, the com- 
 parative force of which it is unnecessary to estimate, 
 Mr. Strange joined the rebel army, and continued to 
 act along with it, as one of the corps styled the Life- 
 Guards, a post of danger as well as honour, till 
 the total defeat of the Pretender's few remaining 
 troops at Culloden, an event which forced all those 
 who escaped the carnage of the day to fly for shelter 
 to the Highland hills, where they continued, and he 
 among the rest, for many months, enduring hardships 
 the detail of which would serve to make dear the 
 purchase even of life itself." 
 
 Although it thus appears that Mr. Strange accom-
 
 48 STRANGE ENGRAVES [1745. 
 
 panled the army into England, and on its retreat to 
 the north in 1746, notwithstanding the near access 
 which Andrew Lumisden's appointment as private 
 secretary to Charles Edward may have given to his 
 friend and future brother-in-law, we look in vain 
 among the known details of the expedition for his 
 name ; a circumstance which no doubt exempted the 
 soldier from the more severe penalties eventually 
 inflicted on the civilian. Nor was the only service 
 he rendered to the Jacobite cause that of the sword ; 
 his graver, too, was volunteered, like the pen of 
 Montrose, to render glorious his ideal of royalty. 
 Mr. Robert Chambers, in his Biographical Dictionary 
 of eminent Scotsmen, tells us that Strange, then re- 
 siding in Stewart's Close, was commissioned, during 
 the Prince's visit to Edinburgh, to engrave a half- 
 length portrait of him ; he looks out of an oval win- 
 dow or frame over a stone ledge or pedestal, with the 
 motto, Ever so missus succurrere seclo.* This print, 
 the earliest known work of its author on his own ac- 
 count, was regarded as a wonder of art by those 
 visitors of distinction who watched its progress with 
 the interest of partisans. The plate, 10| inches by 7J-, 
 remains in possession of the family. Its epigraph, "A 
 Paris, chez Chereau, Rue St. laques, C.P.R.," may 
 
 * " Hunc saltern everso juvenem succurrere seclo, 
 Ne prohibete." 
 
 Virg. Georg. i. 500.
 
 1745.] PRINCE CHARLES. 49 
 
 have been either a blind adopted on publication, or 
 possibly an addition, made subsequently in France, 
 for a re-issue of impressions there. Charles wears the 
 star and broad ribbon of the Garter; his weapons 
 a two-handed sword, Medusa shield, and antique 
 casket, with the Prince of "Wales' feather lean 
 against the pedestal, interlaced with an olive branch. 
 The time had not yet arrived when Strange was to 
 lead public taste to better things, so, following a 
 fashion which Houbraken and others had established, 
 he overcharged this plate, and that of Dr. Pitcaim, 
 with ponderous allegorical accessories, which deprive 
 the figures of their due importance. Notwithstanding 
 these redundant accompaniments, the composition 
 is not ineffective. On close examination, however, 
 certain delicate passages are found to be defi- 
 cient, while those more strongly marked stand well 
 out. The flesh tones are partially marred by macrot; 
 the laced ruffles and coat-embroidery appear some- 
 what blurred and slovenly; but, looking to the faithful 
 and sharp working out of the subsidiary portions, I 
 should ascribe the latter at least of these defects rather 
 to haste and interrupted labour than to want of skill 
 or taste. The likeness is rather unfavourable, as the 
 youthful, open expression of the Prince's other por- 
 traits is wanting in these heavy features. We shall see 
 that, towards the close of Strange's long professional 
 life, in 1789, he entertained the idea of re-issuing this 
 
 E
 
 50 STRANGE ENGRAVES [1746. 
 
 print in a finished state, and of mating it with one 
 of Cardinal York. It is of great rarity, and appears 
 unknown at the British Museum and Bibliotheque 
 Imperiale. From his own pen, we are enabled not 
 only to describe the rout of Colloden, but to present 
 Mr. Strange as turning his professional knowledge 
 to excellent account, for supply of the rebel army 
 with a paper currency. 
 
 " During this period that the army were stationed 
 in and about Inverness, the first battalion of the Life- 
 Guards, commanded by Lord Elcho, were billeted 
 upon Culloden House. One evening, after I had 
 retired to rest, an express arrived from Inverness 
 between eleven and twelve, acquainting me that the 
 Prince was desirous of seeing me as soon as possible. 
 I that instant got up, and my horse being saddled, I 
 made the best of my way to town. Upon my being 
 announced at the head quarters, I was desired to be 
 shown into the Prince's bed-chamber. There was this 
 evening a ball. After having waited but a short time, 
 the Prince, accompanied by Sir Thomas Sheridan 
 and Mr. Murray, the secretary, came into the room. 
 Sir Thomas Sheridan took the lead, and, addressing 
 himself to me more particularly, told me that His 
 Royal Highness was desirous of taking my opinion, 
 relating to a circulation of one species of money 
 or another, which it had been thought expedient to
 
 1746.] JACOBITE BANK NOTES. 51 
 
 issue for the service of the army in general, but more 
 particularly amongst the soldiery, and that they were 
 desirous of knowing what plan I could recommend 
 as the most eligible. I answered Sir Thomas that 
 the subject was entirely new to me ; that, so far as 
 regarded my own profession, I thought everything of 
 the kind exceedingly practicable ; but that it was a 
 question with me whether or not the town of Inver- 
 ness could afford me what assistance would be neces- 
 sary in executing a work of this kind, particularly a 
 rolling-press, which would be indispensable on the 
 occasion ; but, if they would indulge me with a few 
 hours the next day, I should then have put my 
 thoughts together upon the subject, have considered 
 it in every point of view, and give my opinion of 
 course. It was agreed upon that I should return the 
 next evening between eight and nine. 
 
 " I attended soon after eight, and was again shown 
 into the same apartment as I had been the night 
 before. Soon after the Prince appeared, accompanied 
 as the preceding evening, with the addition of a third 
 gentleman. Sir Thomas Sheridan again accosted 
 me, and asked me what I had done. I answered, that 
 it was just as I had apprehended, for that there was 
 no such thing in the town of Inverness as a rolling 
 press ; but, that I had had recommended me a very 
 intelligent man of a carpenter, and an excellent 
 mechanic, who had entered into my ideas, and per- 
 
 2
 
 52 STRANGE ENGRAVES [1746. 
 
 fectly comprehended the construction of what was 
 required, and was even ready to begin such, were it 
 necessary. I then proceeded towards explaining 
 what I had in view, and with that intention pulled 
 out of my pocket a small device I had put together, 
 the better to communicate my ideas. It consisted, I 
 said, of nothing but the slightest compartment, from 
 behind which a rose issued on one side, and a thistle 
 on the other, as merely ornamental: the interior 
 part I meant should be filled up by clerks, with the 
 specific sums which were intended, &c. ; and I pro- 
 posed etching or engraving, in the slightest manner 
 for expedition, a considerable repetition of this orna- 
 ment on two plates, for the facility of printing ; that 
 such should be done on the strongest paper, [so] 
 that, when cut separate, they should resist, in some 
 measure, the wear they must sustain in the common 
 use of circulation. The Prince had at this tune 
 taken the compartment out of my hand, and was 
 showing [it] to Mr. Murray, and seemed much 
 pleased with the idea of the rose and the thistle. In 
 short, everything was approved of, and the utmost 
 expedition recommended me. 
 
 " We now talked of a circulation of larger sums, 
 which would likewise be required. I gave it as my 
 opinion, that I thought they could not do better than 
 issue notes in imitation of the Bank of England, or 
 the Royal Bank of Scotland, in the execution of
 
 1746.] JACOBITE BANK NOTES. 53 
 
 which there was very little labour : that it would be 
 necessary, if possible, to see such notes, in order to 
 concert a form how they were to be drawn up, by 
 whom paid, or at what period ; if at a given time, 
 that of the Restoration I imagined would be the 
 properest. This produced a general smile. Mr. 
 JVIurray at this instant left the room ; and, soon after 
 returning on his steps, brought with him two notes 
 of the Bank of England, one for one hundred pounds, 
 and the other for two, and which, though different 
 in appearance, yet both were payable on demand. 
 On examining those notes, I observed the impossi- 
 bility of having a proper paper made for the occasion, 
 but that I did imagine the finest post-paper would 
 be sufficiently adequate for the purpose ; that it had 
 strength enough, as the notes would be less subject 
 to friction in the wear than the smaller paper, which 
 would be in circulation amongst the soldiery. All 
 this was agreed upon ; and Mr. Murray said, as I 
 would have occasion for the notes to regulate me in 
 the engraving, I might then put them in my pocket, 
 and that in the course of a few days I should hear 
 from them, when they had considered of a proper 
 form for drawing up what was intended. The Prince, 
 on my leaving the room, recommended me all dili- 
 gence. 
 
 " Next day, being Sunday, my carpenter was early 
 employed in cutting out this wood, in order to begin 
 
 3
 
 54 STRAXGE EXGRAVES [1746. 
 
 on Monday. It was not so with a coppersmith, 
 whose assistance I more immediately required. He 
 was a good Presbyterian, and thought he would be 
 breaking the Lord's day. But necessity has no law ; 
 he turned out even better than his promise, over- 
 came his prejudice, went to work, and furnished me 
 with a copper plate on Monday about noon. I had 
 passed that morning in making a composition of 
 etching-varnish ; but had not perfectly proportioned 
 the materials, for I well recollect the aqua-fortis 
 playing the devil with it ; but which was repaired 
 with some little trouble. In short, it mattered not 
 much, provided the purpose was answered ; and, in- 
 different as things might be, I would at this moment 
 purchase a series of them even at a considerable ex- 
 pense, to decorate as it were this volume with the more 
 juvenal works of its author. Such would be a curi- 
 osity of the kind. The reader may naturally conclude 
 that, on this occasion, I lost not a single hour. 
 Solicitous in the service in which I was employed, 
 my activity was, of course, redoubled ; I laboured 
 till late at night, and waited the approach of day 
 with impatience. Not a fortnight had elapsed when 
 I was ready to begin printing, and had even for- 
 warded the notes for a larger circulation. 
 
 " Such was the position of my undertaking when, 
 all of a sudden, news was brought to Inverness that 
 the Duke of Cumberland, with his army, had passed
 
 1746.] JACOBITE BANK NOTES. 55 
 
 the Spey on the 13th of April. The town was in 
 a general alarm, and even in confusion. Nothing 
 was heard but the noise of bagpipes, the beating of 
 drums, and the clash of arms. The field of Culloden 
 was the following day to be the general rendezvous, 
 and every individual betook himself to his corps. 
 
 " The next morning I went betimes to the se- 
 cretary's office, and delivered over the whole of my 
 charge, together with the notes I had been entrusted 
 with. I told the treasurer that an account would 
 be presented by a carpenter who had been very 
 active in serving me ; that there would be added to 
 it a few articles he had disbursed, and requested the 
 whole might be paid ; which was accordingly done. 
 I now returned to Culloden House. My com- 
 panions were, in general, glad to see me, and, joking, 
 asked me when they were to have any of my money, 
 I replied that, if they gave a good account of the 
 Duke, I hoped his treasury-chest would supply us. 
 
 " The army was now mustering upon the field, it 
 being the 14th ; but unfortunately we had not been 
 joined by a considerable number of our men, who 
 were actually upon their march from different parts 
 of the country, and would have been up in the 
 course of a few days. The whole of the Macphersons, 
 a considerable body of the Frasers, some few of the 
 Macintoshes, in general all the Mackenzies, and 
 several other bodies of men who had been raised in 
 
 E 4
 
 56 STRANGE DESCRIBES [1746. 
 
 the more northern counties, had all received repeated 
 expresses, and were hastening to join the army. In 
 this situation, divested as it were of part of our num- 
 bers, we hourly expected the Duke. He had come 
 on to Nairn on the 14th, and was there halting. 
 There was even no appearance of his moving, the 
 15th being his birthday. In the afternoon of that 
 day, the Prince had summoned a council of war to 
 be held upon the field, and had proposed a plan of a 
 march under cloud of night, to attack the Duke's 
 army by surprise, and to force his camp. This plan 
 was worthy even of any of the greatest heroes of 
 antiquity, and met with general approbation, parti- 
 cularly amongst the clans. The council remained 
 long in deliberating in what manner it was to be 
 conducted. Two essential things, secresy and ex- 
 pedition, were the great objects to be observed. 
 There was only one road to Nairn, which was the 
 high road ; and this being covered in many places 
 with villages, it was essential to avoid it, to prevent 
 any information being carried to the Duke's army. 
 The next alternative, and indeed the only one, was 
 to attempt a way along the foot of a ridge of moun- 
 tains which fronted the sea, but had scarcely been 
 ever trode by human foot, and was known by the 
 name of the Moor-road. It would have brought us 
 in upon that part of the enemy's camp from which 
 they could apprehend no danger. It lengthened in-
 
 1746.] THE MARCH TO NAIRN. 57 
 
 deed the road, which, in the sequel, and from the 
 shortness of the night, proved our misfortune. 
 
 " Before the council broke up, every regiment as it 
 were had his place assigned him in the order of the 
 march. The van was commanded by Lord George 
 Murray, who, with about one-third of the army, was 
 to have passed the water of Nairn about two miles 
 distant from the town, and who, unexpected by the 
 enemy, was to have invested the Duke's quarters, 
 and to have made him prisoner. The remaining two- 
 thirds, commanded by the Duke of Perth and Lord 
 John Drummond, were to have attacked them from 
 the plain, which, in all probability, would have been 
 carried sword in hand. It is to be remarked that the 
 same army had been already surprised at Falkirk. 
 
 " Night coming on and not sooner could the army 
 begin its march, to prevent the country people from 
 being alarmed, or any intelligence being carried to 
 the enemy, part of our numbers, weak as we were, 
 was under a necessity of being left on the field, in 
 order to save appearances, and light up fires, as had 
 been done the preceding evening, and to prevent 
 stragglers, if any there were, forming unnecessary 
 conjectures. The night was favourable to our wishes, 
 but, alas ! such a road was never travelled ; the men 
 in general were frequently up to the ankles, and the 
 horses in many places extricated themselves with 
 difficulty. In this manner were we retarded almost
 
 58 HIS ACCOUNT OF THE [1746. 
 
 the whole of the night ; notwithstanding of which, an 
 uncommon spirit supported itself throughout the 
 army. 
 
 " It was now the 16th of April, when day began to 
 break about four in the morning. It was indeed a 
 dreadful knell to us, being as yet above four long 
 miles from Nairn ; nor did we know what sort of road 
 we had yet to encounter. Appearances became serious, 
 each was whispering to his neighbour, and, so far as 
 countenances could be descried, disappointment was 
 evidently marked. During this critical moment of 
 suspense, what was to be done ? A halt took place ; 
 a council was called as soon as the general officers 
 could be got together. The morning was fine, and 
 the day was ushering in apace ; it required but little 
 time to deliberate, and, finding it impossible to attack 
 the Duke by surprise, it was judged expedient, for 
 the safety of the army, to give up the enterprise, 
 and return to the field of Culloden. Thus were our 
 hopes disappointed. We saw, as it were before us, 
 the glorious prize ; but we durst not encounter it, for 
 there is almost a moral certainty that we should have 
 been cut off to a man. The enemy was early in 
 motion, must have seen us at a considerable distance, 
 and received us upon the points of their bayonets. 
 
 " We now turned about to the left, and as soon as 
 we conveniently could, got into the high road. The 
 Prince, attended by his followers and a few of his
 
 1746.] BATTLE OF CULLODEX. 59 
 
 body-guards, went on towards Culloden. Thus did 
 the shortness of the night, attended with a most 
 harassing march, prevent a plan from being carried 
 into execution which was as morally certain of 
 success as it would have been glorious to the youth 
 who projected it. For it is a known truth, that the 
 enemy had no idea of the intended attack, and that 
 the first information thfey received was after their 
 army had begun to move; and it was even com- 
 municated to them from their own vanguard, who 
 had learnt it upon their march. We had got but a 
 few miles upon the road, when a number of the 
 guards, finding themselves overpowered with fatigue, 
 and ready every instant to drop from our saddles, 
 came to a resolution of stopping: we were shown 
 into an open barn, where we threw ourselves down 
 upon some straw, tying our horses to our ankles, and 
 the people assuring us that, in case of any danger, 
 they should awake us. They were indeed as good 
 as their promise, for we had slumbered here but a 
 short time before a woman gave us the alarm that 
 the Duke's horse were in sight. We that instant 
 mounted ; and, as soon as we got upon the high road, 
 the vanguard, as yet at some distance, were approach- 
 ing. We now made the best of our way ; but, before 
 ascending to the field, we found the Prince had been 
 there some time, and was actually at that moment 
 engaged in holding a council of war, deliberating
 
 60 HIS ACCOUNT OF THE [1746 
 
 whether we should give battle to the Duke, or, 
 circumstanced as the army was, retire and wait the 
 arrival of our reinforcements. The former was 
 determined on. 
 
 " Let us for an instant view the situation of this 
 army. They had, for many weeks before the battle, 
 been reduced to a short allowance of bread ; when I 
 say bread, I mean oatmeal, for they had no other. 
 Must not this have enfeebled their bodies? Their 
 treasury-chest had been nearly exhausted : they had 
 received but little money: of course considerable 
 arrears were owing them. They had passed the 
 14th and following night under arms upon the field 
 of battle, every instant expecting the Duke. Upon 
 the night of the 15th, which was the eve of the 
 battle, they had performed the march I have de- 
 scribed. Judge, then, what was to be expected from 
 such an army, worn out with fatigue, and at this 
 moment short of the common necessaries of life, and 
 outnumbered upwards of two to one by their enemies ; 
 for the Duke's army consisted of at least eleven 
 thousand men ; that of the Prince did not exceed six, 
 of which we shall find at least a thousand during the 
 action were asleep in Culloden parks. What, then, 
 can justify the deliberate folly and madness of fight- 
 ing under such circumstances? But our time was 
 come. We were at variance within ourselves : Irish 
 intriguers and French politics were too predominant
 
 1746.] BATTLE OF CULLODEN. 61 
 
 in our councils. These gentlemen, forsooth, con- 
 sidered themselves as to be but prisoners of war, 
 whilst every other individual were fighting with 
 halters round their necks. General appearances upon 
 the field of battle were much against us. No line 
 was as yet formed ; the men were standing in clusters ; 
 and stragglers in small numbers were coming up 
 from all quarters. Overpowered with fatigue, they 
 had stopped everywhere on the road, and were now 
 joining the army. 
 
 " It being determined to give battle to the Duke, 
 no time was now lost in forming the lines, and 
 in making every proper disposition. The right 
 of the army, commanded by Lord George Murray, 
 was composed of his own regiment of Athol, the 
 Camerons, Stuarts of Appin, one battalion of the 
 Frasers, and the Macintoshes. The left wing, 
 commanded by the Duke of Perth, consisted of 
 the MacDonalds of Glengarry, Keppoch, and Clan- 
 ronald, two companies of MacLeans, two of Mac- 
 Leods, and the Farquharsons. The second line, 
 commanded by Lord John Drummond and Major- 
 general Stapleton, consisted of the Irish pickets, 
 the regiments of Lord Ogilvy, Lord Lewis Gordon, 
 Duke of Perth, and Lord John Drummond. On the 
 right wing, behind the second line, was a troop of 
 Fitz-James' horse, and on the left part of the horse- 
 guards, Perthshire squadron, and hussars. The
 
 62 HIS ACCOUNT OF THE [1746, 
 
 regiment of Kilmarnock's foot-guards, and Colonel 
 John Roy Stuart, with such of the men as had no 
 guns, formed a sort of reserve. The Prince, at- 
 tended by his aides-de-camp, and Lord Elcho's 
 guards, placed himself towards the centre, behind the 
 first line. We had six pieces of cannon ; two placed 
 on the right, two on the left, and two in the centre 
 of the front line. 
 
 " The Duke of Cumberland drew up his army in 
 three lines. The first, commanded by Lieutenant- 
 general the Earl of Albermarle, consisted of the re- 
 giments of Burrel, Monro, Scot's Fusiliers, Price, 
 Cholmondley and St. Clair. The second, com- 
 manded by Major-general Huske, consisted of the 
 regiments of Wolfe, Ligonier, Sempill, Bligh, and 
 Fleming. The third line, commanded by Brigadier 
 Mordaunt, consisted of the regiments of Blackney, 
 Battereau, Pultney, and Howard. On the right 
 wing were placed Cobham's dragoons, and the half 
 of Kingston's horse ; and on the left Ker's dragoons, 
 and the other half of Kingston's horse, with the 
 Campbells of Argyle. Ten pieces of cannon were 
 placed in the first line, two between each regiment, 
 and six pieces in the second line. 
 
 " The enemy formed at a considerable distance, and 
 marched on in order of battle, outlining us both on 
 the right and on the left. About one o'clock the 
 cannonading began ; and the Duke's artillery, being
 
 1746.] BATTLE OF CULLODEX. 63 
 
 well served, could not fail of doing execution. One 
 of the Prince's grooms, who led a sumpter horse, 
 was killed upon the spot ; some of the guards were 
 wounded, as were several of the horse. One Austin, 
 a very worthy, pleasant fellow, stood on my left ; he 
 rode a fine mare, which he was accustomed to call his 
 lady. He perceived her give a sudden shrink, and, 
 on looking around him, called out, ' Alas ! I have 
 lost my lady ! ' One of her hind legs was shot, and 
 hanging by the skin. He that instant dismounted, 
 and, endeavouring to push her out of the ranks, she 
 came to the ground. He took his gun and pistols 
 out of the holsters, stepped forward, joined the foot, 
 but was never more heard of. The Prince, observ- 
 ing this disagreeable position, and without answering 
 any end whatever, ordered us down to a covered 
 way, which was a little towards our right, and where 
 we were less annoyed with the Duke's cannon : he 
 himself, with his aides-de-camp, rode along the line 
 towards the right, animating the soldiers. The 
 guards had scarce been a minute or two in this po- 
 sition, when the small arms began from the Duke's 
 army, and kept up a constant fire ; that instant, as 
 it were, one of the aides-de-camp returned, and de- 
 sired us to join the Prince. We met him in en- 
 deavouring to rally the soldiers, who, annoyed with 
 the enemy's fire, were beginning to quit the field. 
 The right of our army, commanded by Lord George
 
 64 HIS ACCOUNT OF THE [1746. 
 
 Murray, had made a furious attack, cut their way 
 through Burrel's and Monro's regiments, and had taken 
 possession of two pieces of cannon ; but a reinforce- 
 ment of Wolfe's regiment, &c., coming up from the 
 Duke's second line, our right wing was obliged to give 
 way, being at the same tune flanked with some pieces 
 of artillery, which did great execution. Towards the 
 left the attack had been less vigorous than on the 
 right, and of course had made but little impression on 
 the Duke's army ; nor was it indeed general, for the 
 centre, which had been much galled by the enemy's 
 artillery, almost instantly quitted the field. 
 
 " The scene of confusion was now great ; nor can 
 the imagination figure it. The men in general were 
 betaking themselves precipitately to flight; nor were 
 there any possibility of their being rallied. Horror 
 and dismay were painted in every countenance. It 
 now became time to provide for the Prince's safety : 
 his person had been abundantly exposed. He was 
 got off the field, and very narrowly escaped falling in 
 with a body of horse, which had been detached from 
 the Duke's left, were advancing with an incredible 
 rapidity, picking up the stragglers, and, as they gave 
 no quarter, were levelling them with the ground. 
 The greater numbers of the army were already out of 
 danger, the flight having been so precipitate. We 
 got upon a rising ground, where we turned round 
 and made a general halt The scene was, indeed,
 
 1746.] BATTLE OF CULLODEN. 65 
 
 tremendous. Never was so total a rout a more 
 thorough discomfiture of an army. The adjacent 
 country was in a manner covered with its ruins. 
 The whole was over in about twenty-five minutes. 
 The Duke's artillery kept still playing, though not a 
 soul upon the field. His army was kept together, all 
 but the horse. The great pursuit was upon the road 
 towards Inverness. Of towards six thousand men, 
 which the Prince's army at this period consisted of, 
 about one thousand were asleep in Culloden parks, 
 who knew nothing of the action till awaked by the 
 noise of the cannon. These in general endeavoured 
 to save themselves by taking the road towards Inver- 
 ness ; and most of them fell a sacrifice to the victors, 
 for this road was in general strewed with dead bodies. 
 The Prince at this moment had his cheeks bedewed 
 with tears; what must not his feeling heart have 
 suffered!"* 
 
 * It would be foreign to our purpose to examine the conflicting 
 accounts of the retreat before the battle. The points at issue are, 
 how far Lord George Murray was justified in ordering that re- 
 treat, and whether it was necessary for the Prince to have risked a 
 general engagement under circumstances so hopeless. Lord George's 
 own account, and that of the Prince, have been printed in Nos. 42. 
 44. and 30. of the Appendix to Home's History of the Eebellion. 
 While writing that work in 1801, Mr. Home seems to have received 
 materials from Andrew Lumisden, which he neglected to return. 
 A narrative of the battles of Preston, Falkirk, and Culloden, in 
 Lumisden's fair autograph, has found its way from Home's papers 
 into the valuable library of Mr. James Gibson Craig, at Edinburgh; 
 but it throws no new light upon these affairs, or the writer's part in 
 
 F
 
 66 STRANGE'S ESCAPE [me. 
 
 Here ends the second and only other fragment of 
 Mr. Strange's autobiography that has come down to 
 us. Had we as graphic and spirited an account of 
 the many interesting or stirring scenes of his chequered 
 life, few narratives would be more attractive. Of the 
 incidents during his hiding in the Highlands after the 
 catastrophe at Culloden, and of his eventual escape to 
 the Continent, we possess but scanty particulars. One 
 printed anecdote comes to us on the authority of 
 Cooper, his instructor, that, when hotly pressed, he 
 dashed into a room where the lady, whose zeal had 
 enlisted him in the fatal cause, sate singing at her 
 needlework, and, failing other means of concealment, 
 was indebted for safety to her prompt intervention. 
 As she quickly raised her hooped gown, the affianced 
 lover disappeared beneath its ample contour, where, 
 thanks to her cool demeanor and unfaltering notes, he 
 lay undetected, while the rude and baffled soldiery 
 vainly ransacked the house.* The little farther we 
 know of this ' period is thus told in the Fingask 
 manuscript : 
 
 " Mr. Strange so nearly escaped the severest fate 
 
 them. On the whole, after reading Strange's life-like details of this 
 affair of Culloden, our wonder is, not that Charles Edward and his 
 followers were there routed, but that they ever gained any battle 
 whatever. 
 
 * Smith's Life of Nollekens, vol. ii. p. 245. Such a hoop as saved 
 the rebel and secured a husband to the ready-witted songstress, may 
 be seen in a print of Kitty Clive, as the Fine Lady in Lethe.
 
 1746.] AFTER CULLODEN. 67 
 
 of war, that the accident may perhaps deserve to be 
 recorded. Having been employed to execute some 
 military order in the absence of an aide-de-camp, he 
 was riding for that purpose along the shore, when 
 the sword which he carried was bent in his hand by 
 a ball from one of the king's vessels stationed off the 
 coast. When the vigilance of pursuit was somewhat 
 abated, he left the Highlands and returned to Edin- 
 burgh, where, for the first time, he began to turn his 
 talents to account, contriving to maintain himself in 
 concealment by the sale of small drawings of the 
 rival leaders in the rebellion, many of which must 
 still be extant, and which were purchased at the 
 time in great numbers at a guinea each. A fan also, 
 whose intended owner gave it in his eyes additional 
 value, and on which his pencil had, on that account, 
 bestowed more than usual pains, was sold at this time 
 with a sad heart (non hos qucesitum munus in usus} to 
 the present Earl of Wemyss, who was too sensible of 
 its value to allow it to be repurchased, when that 
 was proposed a short time afterwards. 
 
 " Tired of a life of alarm and privacy, Mr. 
 Strange at length, after no small difficulty, procured 
 a safe-conduct to London, intending as soon as 
 possible to embark for France ; but not till he had 
 received the reward peculiarly due to the brave, and 
 made that hand his own, for the sake of which he had 
 risked his life in the field, and was still content to 
 
 V 2
 
 68 HIS MARRIAGE [1747. 
 
 bear about with him a precarious and forfeited [?] 
 existence. The name of the lady to whom he was 
 thus united in the year 1747, and in whose steady 
 affection, through the whole of a long life, the dangers 
 were forgotten by which it had been won, was 
 ISABELLA LUMISDEN, the daughter of an ancient 
 and respectable family, and sister to a gentleman 
 since well-known to the literary world, whose work 
 on the Antiquities of Rome is less indebted for its 
 acknowledged merits to its author's long residence in 
 that celebrated city, than to the profound learning 
 which accompanied his investigation of its almost 
 deathless monuments of ancient art and splendour." 
 
 It is necessary here to correct the allusion of this 
 lively writer to Mr. Strange's life as forfeited, or in 
 danger. Though, in common with a vast number 
 of those who had borne arms, or were notoriously 
 disaffected, he was at first liable to annoyance, and 
 long lay under suspicion, his name was neither in- 
 cluded in the bill of attainder of May, 1746, nor 
 specially excepted from an Act of grace passed in 
 June of the following year ; so that, from Mid- 
 summer, 1747, he was in no way amenable to justice 
 for his political errors. Had the Inverness paper- 
 money been issued, it might have been otherwise. 
 His hand had now to turn from rough sabre practice 
 to the gentler implements of his craft for subsistence. 
 A very rude etching of the Prince was given me by
 
 1747.] TO MISS LUMISDEN. 69 
 
 the late Mr. C. Kirkpatrick Sharpe, as one of those 
 hastily produced by Strange with wretched tools 
 while in hiding, and sold for half-a-crown to those 
 sorrowing and suffering adherents, from whom the 
 original was now torn for ever. The anecdote is 
 partly confirmed by a proof-impression remaining 
 among the family relics, on the same sheet with other 
 minor productions of his hand. It seems a poor re- 
 petition of his print described in page 48., without 
 the sanguine but no longer appropriate motto it 
 had borne in brighter days. Of his portrait like- 
 nesses referred to in our extract, several remaining 
 in his family will be mentioned in No. II. of our 
 Appendix. A fan paper, shaded in pen and ink, and 
 bearing his name, is still at Gosford, with ten chalk 
 drawings of his more advanced period. 
 
 Before tracing further Mr. Strange's adventures, 
 or entering upon his progress towards professional 
 distinction, it will be well to describe, in some detail, 
 the family with which he intermarried, more espe- 
 cially as his brother-in-law, Andrew Lumisden, just 
 alluded to, will be henceforward intimately mixed up 
 with our narrative. 
 
 F 3
 
 70 DESCENT OF [1292 1614, 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 DESCENT OF THE LUMISDEN FAMILY. ANDREW LTJMISDEN BE- 
 COMES PRIVATE SECRETARY TO PRINCE CHARLES. THE STUART 
 
 COURT AT HOLYROOD. LUMISDEN's ATTAINDER AND ESCAPE TO 
 
 KOUEN. 
 
 THE Lummisdaynes were located at an early period 
 on lands bearing their name in the county of Ber- 
 wick, where one of them, Adam, did homage to 
 Edward I. in 1292. From their line are believed 
 to be sprung the LTJMISDENS OF CUSHNEY, whose 
 descendants have founded several respectable families 
 in Aberdeenshire. Among the cadets of that house 
 is said to have been ANDREW, who settled in Edin- 
 burgh, about the end of the sixteenth century, as a 
 merchant-burgess. Younger sons of Scottish gentry 
 had then but few openings offered to their enter- 
 prise. The Roman Catholic Church no longer at- 
 tracted them by preferments and influence compen- 
 sating the restraints imposed by cassock and cowl ; 
 the law was scarcely a profession, so long as right 
 generally succumbed to might, or a strong arm 
 countervailed parchment investitures ; the sword, 
 though indispensable for defence, neither gave con- 
 tinuous employment nor livelihood ; and a needy 
 court held out scanty guerdons for ambition. 
 
 Accordingly, the provision usually given by lairds 
 to their younger children was a portion of the family
 
 12921614.] THE LUMISDEXS. 71 
 
 acres, the produce of which supported them and 
 their retainers. By the greater barons these dotations 
 were usually made in absolute property ; but where 
 such alienations would have cut too deeply into the 
 estate, beneficial leases were substituted, as an ex- 
 pedient meeting the exigency, without abandoning 
 the paramount principle of primogeniture. Under 
 the designation of kindly tenants, this class of hus- 
 bandmen strengthened the family influence, and 
 swelled its muster-rolls, eking out an indifferent 
 maintenance at home, by frequent visits to their 
 ancestral tower. Occasionally, however, where 
 feudal contempt for civic life was countervailed by 
 its comparative ease and repose, or where a wasted 
 patrimony threw sons on their own resources, names 
 of ancient lineage were entered on the guild-rolls of 
 mechanical trades or retail commerce; and though 
 these were gregariously classed under the sonorous 
 designation of merchant-burgesses, not a few Scottish 
 lairds, baronets, and even peers, connect themselves 
 with the older noblesse through an ancestry of gold- 
 smiths, maltsters, curriers, nay, grocers and tailors 
 whose mercantile gains enabled them ultimately 
 to replace their posterity in the congenial position of 
 landowners. 
 
 The line of trade pursued by ANDREW I/UMISDEN 
 is unknown to us ; but, in his right, his son, CHARLES 
 LUMISDEN, was entered merchant-burgess of Edin- 
 
 F 4
 
 72 DESCENT OP [16141673. 
 
 burgh in 1614. The latter, having some years pre- 
 viously taken orders, was then described as " pastour 
 of Chrystis evangell at the kirk of Dudingstoune," 
 in the immediate neighbourhood of that city. He 
 was in due time succeeded in these municipal privi- 
 leges and ecclesiastical functions by his son Charles, 
 both being designated Mr., the prefix then given to 
 clergymen. The second MR. CHARLES LUMISDEN 
 married Margaret Seaton, said to have come of the 
 illustrious house of Winton, and had three sons and 
 two daughters. 
 
 1. MICHAEL LUMISDEN, who was called to the 
 Scottish bar in 1673, and survived until 1739. 
 He married a daughter of Scott of Bavelaw, 
 and afterwards Miss Dundas, of the Arniston 
 family. His male line soon became extinct; 
 but a daughter, Katharine, married Andrew 
 Boswell of Balmuto, who sold that estate to a 
 younger son of the Boswells of Auchinleck. 
 
 2. MR. ANDREW LUMISDEN, to whom we shall 
 return. 
 
 3. MR. JAMES LUMISDEN, minister at Newton, 
 near Edinburgh, whose son Thomas left to the 
 Orphan Hospital most of the fortune made by 
 him as a printer in that city. 
 
 4. ELIZABETH LUMISDEN, wife of Charles Bell, 
 advocate, was mother of Andrew Bell of Craig- 
 foody, and of Charles, Governor of Cape Coast, 
 in Africa, about 1770.
 
 16981727.] THE LUMISDENS. 73 
 
 Mr. Andrew Lumisden succeeded his father as 
 episcopal clergyman at Duddingstoun. In 1681 he 
 had the honour of a summons before the Privy 
 Council, in order to explain his pulpit applica- 
 tion, or misapplication, of certain scriptural texts 
 and phrases, which was construed to reflect upon 
 the Test, as imposed by government. Although 
 frankly admitting conscientious difficulties as to that 
 compulsory oath, he solemnly denied having ever 
 intended to preach it down, while bewailing the dis- 
 jointed state of the times : and as he was understood 
 to have been " staged " or accused, rather as a terror 
 to others than for any marked delinquency, he was 
 without difficulty acquitted. At the Revolution of 
 1688 he however underwent that process of ejec- 
 tion which the Presbyterians called " outing," and 
 which, in his case, was executed, on the 1st of No- 
 vember, by a mob of infuriated fanatics, who plundered 
 his manse, stoned his infant son in the cradle, and 
 sent forth his family with outrage and insult for 
 conscience sake. Driven for shelter to Edinburgh, 
 he gradually gathered a congregation of the oppressed 
 church, and was eventually consecrated bishop there 
 in 1727. His death occurred six years later, leaving 
 these five children by Catherine, only child of John 
 Craig, advocate, son of Sir Thomas Craig, the 
 learned Scottish feudalist : 
 
 1. JOHX LUMISDEX, who, having joined the re- 
 bellion of 1745, escaped to France, where he
 
 74 DESCENT OP [17151718. 
 
 died in 1751, after being created a baronet by 
 the titular King James III. He is said to have 
 married Mary Dalzell, sister of John, sixth Earl 
 of Carnwath, and widow of William, the at- 
 tainted Viscount Kenmure. 
 
 2. CHARLES LUMISDEN, a surgeon in Edinburgh, 
 whose son John, by Ann Butler of St. Ger- 
 mains, near Haddington, followed the same 
 profession at Battersea. 
 
 3. WILLIAM LUMISDEN, to whom we shall 
 return. 
 
 4. ELIZABETH LUMISDEN, wife of William Alex- 
 ander, nearest heir to the Earl of Stirling, 
 whose line failed in her children. 
 
 5. MARGARET LUMISDEN, who married Captain 
 Dalzell grandson of General Dalzell.* 
 
 William Lumisden carried arms for the Stuarts in 
 1715, and refusing to take the oaths to government, 
 could not pass at the Scottish bar, for which he had 
 been destined. He, however, practised as a law 
 agent in Edinburgh, and in 1718 married Mary, 
 daughter of Robert Bruce, merchant there, a son of 
 the ancient family of Kennet. Their united means, 
 
 * The preceding genealogy has been condensed from a memoir 
 drawn up by Andrew Lumisden in 1798, and checked by me from 
 documents among his papers, and from other sources. His original 
 was printed by Mr. Maidment in the Analecta Scotia, vol. i.
 
 17191745.] THE LUMISDENS. 75 
 
 as settled by the marriage contract, amounted to 
 10,000 marks; something above 5001. sterling, but 
 equal to three or four times that sum in our day. 
 He was a weak, but harsh and selfish man, blessed 
 with a superior wife, whom, fortunately for the peace 
 of his family, he did not long survive.* Their 
 children were, 
 
 1. ANDREW. 
 
 2. ISABELLA, born 17th October 1719, and mar- 
 ried in 1747 to Robert Strange. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden had been educated to the law, 
 then the favourite profession of Scottish gentry, 
 and had attained twenty-five when Charles Edward 
 Stewart raised his father's standard at Glenfinnin. 
 Political convulsions insurrections, revolutions, re- 
 bellions are generally a means to an end, present 
 pains for prospective gains, sacrifices incurred as 
 the price of security. But the rising of 1745 Avas a 
 romantic episode in a nation's history the last 
 and brightest corruscation of Scottish chivalry. The 
 cause should accordingly noAv be judged rather by 
 its attractions than its intrinsic worth. The Revo- 
 lution of 1688 had been brought about by causes 
 personal to James II., and which had little weight 
 
 * Her mother was Isabel Paterson, of the Drummure family in 
 Fifeshire, through whom the Lumisdens and Stranges are related to 
 the baronetal families of Dick of Prestonfield, Cunninghame of Cap- 
 rington, and Douglas of Kelhead ; to the marquis of Queensberry, 
 the earl of Crawford and Balcarres, the Pringles of Whytbank, 
 Murray Keiths, &c.
 
 76 ATTACHMENT TO [1745. 
 
 in his northern dominions. The Scotch were too far 
 removed from court to know his weaknesses, or 
 share the disgusts fostered by an administration rash 
 and vacillating at home, truckling and corrupt abroad. 
 His leaning to prerogative was venial in the estimate 
 of a people among whom constitutional freedom was 
 less understood or appreciated than by their Saxon 
 neighbours. His favour for papists gave little alarm 
 to those who groaned under presbyterian domination. 
 Indeed, the adherents of episcopacy were nearly all 
 Jacobites; for, under sovereigns of the olden race, 
 their church had ever been in the ascendant, but 
 was degraded and oppressed by all governments 
 which successively supplanted that dynasty. The 
 son of a bishop was thus naturally predisposed to- 
 wards a rising, and William Lumisden, having barely 
 escaped with life in his nurse's arms from the manse 
 of Duddingstoun in 1688, had few inducements to 
 support the established order of things, or the Hano- 
 verian succession. Nor were there wanting claims 
 upon Caledonian sympathy in the struggle. The 
 Stuarts were a line of native princes, whose length- 
 ened absence had veiled many foibles without 
 alienating any loyalty. Granting that James II. had 
 incurred a just forfeiture of his throne, no claim 
 could be charged, no personal exception pleaded, 
 against his son ; the futile attempt to discredit whose 
 birth was a further claim to sympathy in every 
 generous breast. So long as the crown rested on
 
 1745.] CHAKLES EDWARD. 77 
 
 the brows of his daughters, the legitimate succession 
 might be held as interrupted, not broken ; and, how- 
 ever much James, like Lear, may have felt 
 
 " The offices of nature, bond of childhood, 
 Effects of courtesy, dues of gratitude," 
 
 to be outraged in his person, still those whose devo- 
 tion was founded on principle, might be satisfied to 
 bide the natural issue of a temporary expedient, 
 and reserve their aspirations until the succession 
 should open to its rightful claimant. But when the 
 intrigues which troubled the death-bed of Anne 
 eventuated in a new exclusion of the heir, expecta- 
 tions were turned to disappointment, doubtings to 
 discontent. Hitherto Scotland's egotism had been 
 solaced under slights by the thought that proud Eng- 
 land owed her a line of monarchs. Now that boast 
 was refuted, and her grievances were farther than 
 ever from redress. The Union, unwillingly forced 
 upon her as a panacea for every evil, had wounded 
 her vanity without bettering her position ; it had 
 annihilated independence, but the promised pro- 
 sperity was hopelessly deferred. During nearly forty 
 years she had sacrificed much and gained nothing. 
 
 Such was the feeling generally entertained in the 
 north when Charles Edward landed. Heir of the 
 old Stuarts, he was regarded as the champion of 
 nationality. His age, aspect and address, bespoke 
 interest and engaged favour. His arrival alone, to
 
 78 ATTACHMENT TO [1746. 
 
 cast himself unreservedly on the faith and support 
 of his people, without the foreign aid which none 
 doubted that French policy would have gladly lent 
 for his enterprise, gave assurance of a discretion 
 irresistible to many upon whom personal fascinations 
 would have been thrown away. The utter want of 
 preparation against an attempt which the govern- 
 ment ought to have foreseen, the total inefficiency 
 of its troops, and the readiness with which bands 
 of foreign mercenaries were brought against the 
 rapid native levies of the young Adventurer all 
 contributed to demoralise the executive and disgust 
 its partisans, as well as to lend encouragement to 
 those against whom they had to act. The insurrec- 
 tion has been illustrated with equal accuracy and 
 good taste in the later editions of Mr. Robert 
 Chambers' History of the Rebellion of 1745; 
 and, although some new lights might have been 
 thrown upon its episodes by documents among the 
 Lumisden Papers, now unfortunately lost, it is not 
 our intention to dwell at all on its events. What 
 we are most acquainted with is the history of the 
 Jacobite party and its adherents, of the motives 
 that misled their loyalty, the moral and material 
 sacrifices which they incurred, the heroism which 
 they displayed in flight and exile, their subsequent 
 long endurance under hope deferred, and their late 
 but bitter experience that they had vainly spent 
 and been spent for an unworthy object, and in a
 
 1746.] CHARLES EDWARD. 79 
 
 desperate cause. Such details, honourable to our 
 country, and replete with interest to many existing 
 families, might yet be afforded by a careful digest 
 of the Stuart Papers now in the possession of Her 
 Majesty and deposited at Windsor aided by many 
 scattered gleanings from other quarters. As one con- 
 tribution towards such a compilation, we shall in- 
 troduce into the subsequent pages various letters, 
 notices, and anecdotes chiefly from the Lumisden 
 Correspondence which it may be well to preserve. 
 John Murray of Broughton, a cadet branch of the 
 Murrays of Stanhope in Peebleshire, had been secret 
 agent of the Stuart family in Scotland, and, on the 
 Prince's arrival, became his principal secretary; 
 employments in which he acquired information 
 subsequently betrayed to the English government, 
 rather, perhaps, from cowardice than treachery, to 
 the undoing of many a more faithful partisan of the 
 cause. Charles, however, on his arrival in Edin- 
 burgh, finding the need of a private secretary, 
 addressed himself to Dr. Alexander Cunningham, 
 with whom he had been acquainted at Rome. He 
 was a younger son of Sir William Cunningham of 
 Caprington, by Janet, only child of Sir James Dick 
 of Prestonfield, whose name, arms, and baronetcy 
 devolved upon him in 1746, the paternal honours 
 and estate descending in the line of his elder bro- 
 ther until 1829, when both baronetcies merged in 
 the person of his son, the late Sir Robert Keith
 
 80 ANDREW LUMISDEN'S JACOBITISM. [1745. 
 
 Dick Cunningham. Dr. Cunningham (who is com- 
 memorated by the graceful pen of his great-grand- 
 nephew, Lord Lindsay, as "one of the worthiest, 
 kindest, and most intellectual men of his day"*) 
 does not seem to have compromised himself in the 
 rising ; and, while declining the Prince's offer, sug- 
 gested Andrew Lumisden, his second cousin through 
 the Patersons of Drummure, as well fitted for the 
 situation. Thus originated a connection which in- 
 volved Mr. Lumisden in many sacrifices, and tinged 
 the whole tenor of his after life. How far the re- 
 commendation was advantageous to Charles it is 
 impossible now to decide, since we have no evidence 
 as to the amount of influence obtained over him by 
 his private secretary. But proofs are not wanting 
 of the happy qualifications possessed by the latter, 
 whose cool head, urbane manners, and punctilious 
 accuracy were combined with singular discretion and 
 unsullied honour, favourably contrasting with the 
 character of Murray in many of these respects. 
 
 William Lumisden had brought up his only son 
 to his own profession of writer or law agent, in 
 Scotland ; and, neither of them being men of much 
 enterprise or sanguine temperament, the Rebellion 
 might have passed without involving their family in 
 more active partisanship than the enthusiasm of his 
 daughter was able to effect. We have already found 
 
 * Lives of the Lindsajs, 1849, voL ii. p. 325.
 
 1746.] THE PRINCE'S COURT. 81 
 
 her recruiting one gallant lifeguardsman to the white 
 cockade, and the marked care with which a table- 
 cloth and a dozen of napkins were consigned by her 
 brother to the Prince's Master of the Household, 
 warrants the suspicion that they may have been 
 spun upon that wheel which still afforded her diver- 
 sion sixty years later.* At all events, the womanly 
 interest we shall find her ever taking in her hero 
 smacks of that charm which his presence imparted 
 to the gay assemblages in Holyrood, during the few 
 evenings when the old palace was lit up by loyal 
 smiles from lovely eyes, and anxious forebodings 
 were for a time suspended by music or the merry 
 strathspey. 
 
 A word as to the shadowy Court which once again 
 brightened the long-neglected saloons of the Abbey. 
 On the 30th September, the Duke of Perth wrote to 
 Lord Ogilvie, " It is truly a proud thing to see our 
 Prince in the palace of his fathers, with all the best 
 blood of Scotland around him. He is much beloved 
 of all sorts, and we cannot fail to make that pesti- 
 lent England smoke for it. Upon Monday last there 
 was a great ball at the Palace, and on Tuesday, 
 by appointment, there was a solemn chapter of the 
 ancient chivalry of the Temple of Jerusalem held 
 in the audience-room. * * * Our noble Prince 
 looked most gallantly in the white robe of the 
 
 * Chambers's Jacobite Memoirs, 199. 
 G
 
 82 THE PRINCE'S COURT [me. 
 
 order, took his profession like a worthy knight ; and, 
 after receiving congratulations of all present, did 
 vow that he would restore the Temple higher than it 
 was in the days of William the Lion." 
 
 It is generally supposed that the drama of royalty 
 thus enacted was not less acceptable to its hero than 
 to the minor performers at all events that his 
 gallantry was quite as formidable to the Hanoverian 
 dynasty as his king-craft. Thus, an Edinburgh 
 matron, whose politics were proof against romance, 
 wrote to her daughter in London, " the young 
 gentleman that we have got amongst us busses the 
 ladies so that he gains their hearts. We must 
 certainly have the Duke of Cumberland to kiss the 
 ladies and fight these dogs, or there will be no living 
 here for honest people." Lord Elcho, on the other 
 hand, in his unpublished History of the Rebellion in 
 my possession, says that on the night of the Prince's 
 arrival in the metropolis, " there came a great many 
 ladies of fashion to kiss his hand, but his behaviour 
 to them was very cool. He had not been much used 
 to woman's company, and was always embarrassed 
 while he was with them." Lord Elcho's pen was 
 often dipped in gall, when Charles Edward was in 
 question. In this instance, however, he is borne out 
 by a pasquinade favourably contrasting the Duke 
 of Cumberland with the Prince, in the Glasgow 
 Courant, of May 5, 1746, which, among various
 
 1746.] AT HOLYROOD. 83 
 
 innuendos against the latter, reflecting on his disin- 
 clination to gallantries, assures us that " William 
 was celebrated for his bravery Charles for his 
 chastity " : that " Charles loved the men better 
 than the women ; and yet, which is wonderful, the 
 less he courted them the faster they followed him." 
 Indeed, I have somewhere met with the anecdote 
 that on one occasion, as the young Chevalier stood 
 moodily apart from the gay throng in his ancestral 
 halls, a friend expressed surprise that their bright 
 eyes had no charm for one so young and so winsome. 
 " Nay," said Prince Charles, beckoning a rude clans- 
 man who stood sentinel at the door, and stroking his 
 shaggy beard, " these are the beauties to whom 
 I devote myself, and for a few thousands of whom I 
 would fain dispense with all yonder fair damsels." 
 
 But, whatever may have been the pleasures of the 
 Jacobite ladies under their titular Prince, some of 
 them were not indisposed, after the bubble had burst, 
 to share in the amusements soon provided by his suc- 
 cessful opponents. In October, 1746, the Countess 
 of Buchan, whose brother, Sir James Stuart of 
 Coltness, was already in exile as a rebel, wrote thus 
 to his wife, Lady Frances: "We are to have a 
 very gay town this winter, by which you will see our 
 spirets are not much the lower by oure misfortons. 
 On Thursday, first there is to be a great asembly, in 
 honour of the King's birthday. Everybody is to 
 o 2
 
 84 THE PRINCE'S COURT [1746. 
 
 be there ; the loyal folks from love to the day, and 
 the Jacobets for fear of being obnoxious to them for 
 whom they are not matches. There is four generals 
 in town, and vast numbers of officers, which cannot 
 fail to put the town in the spiret of gayety, as they are 
 looked on as preferable to all other gentlemen by the 
 ladys in this place, on account of their success in de- 
 stroying the rebels in the north. The brags of this 
 they make at all the tea-tables in town wold fill a 
 volum, tho' some of there best friends think it wold 
 be better they wold hold there toung. One of the 
 most remarkable in this way, is a man who was at 
 Coltness with Jamie Barclay, when Nelly the cham- 
 bermaid was dress'd and passed for Miss Patersone. 
 He tells how prodigiously he was disapounted, for that 
 he once thought he had the therty thousand rugg, as 
 he tells it. He found in the north a young man who, 
 from his looks and the make of his person, and by 
 his specking both the French, and Italin, and Eng- 
 lish toungs, convinced him that it was the young 
 Pretender ; f On which,' says he, f I hanged him 
 on the first tree I came to ; but to my great dis- 
 apountment afterwards, I found he was a French 
 officer.' However, his good intentions has been 
 rewarded by a higher comand in the army."* 
 
 * In this and other letters subsequently quoted, mis-spellings and 
 ungrammatical phrases have been retained, not only as vouchers 
 for scrupulous accuracy in our extracts, but as illustrating the cha- 
 racteristics of Scottish gentlewomen of the last century.
 
 1746.] ANDREW LUMISDEN. 85 
 
 Among Sir Thomas Strange's papers were several 
 narratives regarding the progress of the rebellion, 
 written by his uncle, Mr. Lurnisden, and unfortu- 
 nately now lost at sea. We are thus deprived of the 
 means of tracing him through its events, but there 
 cannot be a doubt that he accompanied his master to 
 England, and shared in the conclusive conflict at 
 Culloden. Indeed, the household accounts mention 
 him as supplying money for current expenses ; and 
 on the evening of the battle, the Prince's aide-de-camp 
 wrote, desiring Cluny Macpherson to " take care in 
 particular of Lumisden and Sheridan, as they carry 
 with them the sinews of war." In the flight he 
 obeyed the order to rendezvous at Ruthven, where a 
 message from Charles Edward on the 17th of April, 
 warned all to look to their own safety, and so ter- 
 minated the insurrection.* 
 
 Like many of his devoted comrades, Andrew 
 Lumisden spent the next four months skulking in 
 highland fastnesses ; a precaution the more necessary 
 as his name had been included in the Act of Attainder 
 for high-treason. When the hot pursuit of the un- 
 happy rebels had somewhat abated, he ventured to 
 Edinburgh as the liveried groom of a lady, who rode 
 behind him on a pad-saddle in the fashion of the 
 time. As a farther disguise, his yellow locks had 
 
 * Chambers's Jacobite_ Memoirs, 186.; Tullibardine Papers, 221. ; 
 Home's History. 
 
 G 3
 
 86 LUMISDEN'S ESCAPE [me. 
 
 been replaced by a black wig, with eyebrows corked 
 to the proper tinge, and, in entering the city thus 
 travestied, he passed without recognition his early 
 companion and eventual friend, John McGowan. 
 After being for a time concealed, at first under some 
 friendly roof, and afterwards in a closet at his 
 father's, an opportunity occurred in October for 
 reaching London in company with a king's messen- 
 ger, on his return from citing witnesses for the 
 treason trials still in progress. On this occasion, he 
 was introduced to his convoy as a poor teacher, in 
 rusty black garments and bushy periwig, anxious to 
 proceed southward in search of employment and for- 
 tune, but who " did na like to travel by his lain ! " 
 The device, though a daring one, was not ill adapted 
 to disarm suspicion, yet one can scarcely conceive 
 the broad accent of the north any recommendation to 
 English pupils. In his pocket were a tiny Virgil 
 and Horace, at once badges of his ostensible profes- 
 sion and companions on a weary fortnight's ride. 
 Contrary to all prudent advice, he hazarded visits to 
 some former associates then in Newgate ; an exercise 
 of benevolence for which, rather than for politics, 
 his caustic father said he deserved hanging. Finally, 
 he embarked at the Tower Stairs for Rouen about 
 the close of the year. These few particulars of his 
 escape are narrated by his nephew, Sir Thomas 
 Strange. The first letter to his family containing
 
 1747.] FROM SCOTLAND. 87 
 
 them has not been preserved, but from his cor- 
 respondence with home during the next two years, 
 we shall insert extracts which, even if tedious, are 
 calculated to exhibit his position, and that of the 
 little circle of exiles who had assembled at Rouen, 
 as well as to throw light upon the character, habits, 
 and remarkably strong family affection of three per- 
 sons whom this volume is intended to commemorate 
 Lumisden, his sister and her husband. It will be 
 seen that the original letters were usually written 
 with various sorts of sympathetic ink, in order to 
 baffle official espionage. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 "Rouen, Jany. 20. 1747. 
 
 " Immediately after my arrival, I wrote you an account 
 of the remarkable manner in which I came here ; and at 
 the same time used the freedom to draw on you for a 1000 
 livres, which I hope you have paid. My time here has 
 been so very short, that I dare not attempt to write you 
 any account of this place, having seen so little of it. I 
 go seldom into company, as 1 want first to acquire the 
 language and apply to my studies, afterwards I will taste 
 the pleasures of the country with more satisfaction. 
 Curiosity has, however, led me to make one visit to the 
 French and Italian Comedies, the Opera, and Masquerade. 
 
 " I was entertained at the French stage with an imita- 
 tion of Venice Preserved, from Otway, which has been 
 received here with great applause, being much improved 
 in the translation, and the rules of the drama observed 
 with greater accuracy than in the original. I could 
 
 4
 
 88 LUMISDEN'S LETTERS [1747. 
 
 not forbear smiling a little at one passage in it, when I 
 cast my eyes on some of your unhappy countrymen con- 
 cerned in the late rebellion, who were present. The 
 words, I think, were 
 
 ' Pour fonder un empire, il faut bien des vertus ! 
 Mais pour le renverser, il en faut encore plus.' 
 
 " The Italian Comedy is a place of great resort. The 
 players, though Italians, play in French. 'Tis a harle- 
 quin entertained in a grand gout. Mr. Harlequin is not 
 the same dumb fellow here as in Britain, but a person of 
 great wit and address : the speeches and repartees are 
 so quick that he is sure to keep the audience in a con- 
 tinued laugh. Surprising indeed are some of his tricks. 
 As I am no judge of music, I can say little of the Opera; 
 the rich dresses, the fine dancing, and beautiful scenes 
 must, indeed, afford great pleasure at first ; but it is soon 
 over it makes no lasting impression on the mind. 
 There appears to me something so very ridiculous in the 
 composition of an opera, that I confess I have no taste 
 for it. Can anything be more unnatural than for a king 
 to sing three or four minutes to his valet, to give him his 
 gloves, and the valet to quaver out as many minutes in 
 saying he will bring them ? This is really the grotesque 
 of poetry. But there is no place where the French hu- 
 mour is to be seen in such perfection as at the Masque- 
 rade. All come out of different views some to admire, 
 and others to be admired. Love and gallantry reign here 
 with arbitrary sway. The bishop plays the rake, and 
 the rake the bishop. Here a grave statesman wears, 
 what's frequently due to him, hood and bells ; and the 
 first duchess passes for a lady of the town. Strange 
 medley ! but such is the taste of the country. 
 
 (( Thus much for the diversions I have seen. As to
 
 1747.] FROM ROUEN. 89 
 
 myself, thank God, I never enjoyed better health. The 
 only uneasiness I feel is the difficulty of hearing from 
 you and my other good friends. Pray offer my compli- 
 ments to them all. Assure them that I shall always re- 
 tain a grateful sense of their friendships ; and, in my 
 potations, I never fail to drink all your good healths, 
 which may you long enjoy I The many obligations I lie 
 under to you in particular will oblige me, at all times, to 
 testify how much I am, &c. 
 
 "These entertainments are, no doubt, very engaging ; 
 but they are no sooner done than I feel a pain that 
 greatly over-balances momentary pleasure, when I reflect 
 on the situation of my poor, but brave, country, groaning 
 under all the miseries of a usurpation and civil war, 
 whilst I enjoy such gaieties ; and thus I know how much 
 the love of my country is rooted in me, and gets the 
 better of my other passions ; since neither the distance 
 of time nor place is able to erase it." 
 
 Mrs. Strange (then Miss Lumisden) to her brother 
 Andrew. 
 
 "Edin. Oct. 10. 1747. 
 
 " MY DEAR ANDREW, Your mama and I were both 
 very happy on receipt of your two letters of the 10th 
 ult. ; but, alas ! when we held them to the fire, they never 
 threw up distinctly, so as we could read them. I wish 
 you had wrote them with milk, as I desired you ; for we 
 can hardly make out a single line out of both ; so I beg 
 you'll try the difference yourself betwixt the milk and 
 water. But, if you cannot get milk, even write with 
 ink ; for, I assure you, none of your letters are ever 
 opened. All I can make out of my letter is, what gives 
 mama and me extreme concern. I mean your being 
 much straitened. We wish to God it was in our power
 
 90 MISS LUMISDEN [1747. 
 
 to relieve you out of all your difficulties whatsomever. 
 Mama begs, without loss of time, immediately on re- 
 ceipt of this, you'll write to her distinctly, either with 
 milk or ink, a sort of abstract of both your last letters, 
 which we suppose is a full account of all your affairs : as 
 I fancy you always keep a copy of whatever you write, 
 you'll easier do it. Calculate it for my papa's meridian ; 
 but be sure to address it to mamma, as if you did not 
 know that she was to show it to him. At present papa's 
 at Hallyard's, with Mr. Scott. He shall get his letter 
 when he comes to town : I wish he may [be] able to make 
 more of it than we can. Mama is to tell him, that in 
 his absence she took the liberty to write to you, to desire 
 you to let her know what money you had got since you 
 went to France, and what you was doing ; at the same 
 time, you may be sure she will use her interest with him 
 to send some present supply. I see by your letter to me 
 you have got 251. : be so good as name it over again, for 
 papa must not know that I ever wrote to you about any- 
 thing. Name what your travelling expenses came to ; 
 what your clothes, board was, &c. Was the 1000 livers 
 you got from Mr. Waters on your going over, a pre- 
 sent from the Prince ; or is papa still owing it ? Say 
 something about that too. From the little we make out 
 of yours to papa, I think I see a catalogue of books, 
 which I suppose you are wanting : pray repeat them over 
 again, and say you do it because mama tells you she 
 could not read your last, which I am sorry is the case, 
 because 'tis giving you a great deal of trouble ; but you 
 must excuse it. As mama hears that Lord J. Drum- 
 mond is dead, she desires to know what she shall do with 
 Dundas's bill to the Duke [of Perth] ? Whether she 
 shall give it to his sister, Lady Mary Drummond, or not ?
 
 1747.] TO HER BROTHER. 91 
 
 'Tis a pity that it should be lost more so, that a rascal 
 is not punished. 
 
 " I hope, my dearest Andrew, you'll understand all this, 
 and how to write the letter your mama desires. She 
 would have wrote this with her own hand, but the white 
 is very bad for her eyes. With pleasure could I write 
 to you for ever, if thereby I could in the least serve you ; 
 but, my dear, I hope you'll accept of the will for the 
 deed. Oh, Andrew ! is there no news ? Is there 
 nothing to be expected soon, now that the French is so 
 victorious ? We are amus'd with a story of General 
 Keith's coming to help us are there anything in it ? 
 Has the Prince no Scotch folks about him ? What is 
 John Hay doing ? Can the dear Prince trust any body 
 in his station? Write if you know anything about 
 Willie Mushet ; and how the rest of my acquaintances 
 are that's near you; and if ever you have seen Lady 
 Ogilvie. My dearest Andrew, be careful of your health : 
 for God's sake, keep up your heart. I trust in the Al- 
 mighty you'll be happy. You know correction is not the 
 mark of God's displeasure ; on the contrary, whom He 
 loveth He chastens. Your suffering for the testament of 
 a good conscience ought to be a great support to you. 
 Mama and I offers our blessing to you, and prays that 
 God Almighty may preserve you in soul and body, and 
 keep you out of bad company ; and that the Almighty 
 may reward your virtue, is the continual prayer of her 
 who is, my dear Andrew, 
 
 " Your most affectionate Sister, 
 
 " ISABELLA LUMSDEN." 
 
 "P.S. Last week I wrote a few lines to you, along 
 with one of the French prisoners who they call Ry- 
 nands : they were all to set off from Berwick yesterday.
 
 92 LUMISDEN'S LETTERS [1747. 
 
 I enclosed a merry song to you, and a copy of the poem 
 on the Grave, which I caused print last spring. I have 
 a great collection of pamphlets keeping for you." 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Mother. 
 
 " Rouen, Nov. 26. 1747, N. s. 
 
 " Having been three weeks at Paris, as you will see 
 by the sequel, I have but just received yours of Oct. 
 10. O.S., which is the reason of not answering it sooner. 
 I am sorry you was not able to read my last, which was 
 a full and distinct account of my situation. It was 
 wrote exactly in the same manner that I used to do ; 
 however, I write this with milk, and hope it will be 
 easily understood. My papa's silence more sensibly 
 touches me than when I had death every moment before my 
 eyes. It is now more than thirteen months since I parted 
 with him, and, notwithstanding the many letters I have 
 wrote, I have only received one from him of March 28th. 
 I am really at a loss how to account for it. Surely 
 something very extraordinary has happened, which you 
 conceal from me, otherwise I am certain my dear papa 
 would not have thus deprived me of his wise instructions 
 and advice. Let me, therefore, conjure you, my dear 
 mama, from the love and affection you have always 
 had for me, and from the duty I never failed to show 
 you, to write me, without loss of time, the reason of 
 papa's silence ; for I am not conscious to myself of ever 
 having done anything to merit so great a chastisement. 
 If I have committed a trespass, will you not inform me, 
 that I may correct it? Though I see writing is to no 
 purpose, and though there is nothing so disagreeable to 
 me as saying the same thing again and again, yet, as you 
 tell me my last was not legible, I will, in obedience to 
 your order, repeat what I then wrote concerning my not
 
 1747.] FROM ROUEN. 93 
 
 being already engaged in business ; viz., that though I had 
 the language in perfection, the French merchants will not 
 employ foreigners, and the British merchants here, who 
 are very few, are all so jealous that they'll instruct or 
 employ none that they think may hurt their own trade ; 
 so that far from getting anything from them, they expect 
 a recompense for their instruction. And indeed 'tis the 
 same every where. Will Coutts, Fairholm, or Hogg take 
 any person into their counting rooms but those who have 
 been formerly in business, or with whom they get an 
 apprentice fee ? And 'tis necessary to know the forms 
 of trade before I venture any money in it. 
 
 " I thought once that, by forming a society with some 
 of my countrymen, bred merchants, we might immediately 
 have entered into business, whereby I might have saved 
 both time and expense ; but, after the strictest enquiry, I 
 find it impracticable for many reasons at this juncture. 
 For as foreign trade is what we can only carry on, there is 
 no such thing at present in this country, or in Spain, on 
 account of the war ; insomuch that there is not a day but, 
 by stagnation of trade, captures of ships, &c., the foreign 
 merchants are giving way, except those who have stocks 
 to live on, belong to the public companies, or have been 
 long in trade, and have correspondents in all countries, 
 which we cannot at this time have. And even with these 
 advantages, the wisest and ablest of them are, in so 
 general a war, difficulted how to conduct their matters 
 with any degree of certainty. Should I then risk my all 
 at hazard ? There are above fifty of our countrymen 
 here who have been in trade, and some of them of 
 active spirits too ; but not one of them has been able to 
 get employment, which has forced many of them, con- 
 trary to their inclination, into the army. Perhaps papa 
 thinks that, as many of the gentlemen, after the 1715,
 
 94 LUMISDEN'S LETTERS [1747. 
 
 carried on trade here and in Spain, that the same may 
 be done now ; but you know the state of Europe is very 
 different from what it was then : now it is engaged in 
 war, then it enjoyed peace. If it was possible to execute 
 such a scheme at this time, I could find a person or two 
 of worth who are as anxious as I am to employ them- 
 selves, but who will do nothing as things are now 
 situated. But, at any rate, is it to be thought that I can 
 pursue trade without friends, money, or credit? I have 
 hitherto got none of them, and where can I find them 
 without papa's assistance? What I therefore proposed 
 at present was to accomplish myself to carry on business 
 as soon as the situation of affairs would allow, and with 
 all possible frugality ; and for that purpose begged 
 papa to procure a recommendation to Mr. Ainsley, or 
 Sandilands at Bordeaux, or Mr. Hay, who carries on Mr. 
 Smith's business at Boulogne, to board, or allow me to 
 come into their counting rooms, to see their business, at 
 a reasonable rate. Judge, then, my dear mother, if I can 
 be blamed for being so long unemployed ! 
 
 " But I have now no reason to think that papa can do 
 anything for me in the way of trade, otherwise he would 
 have done it before this time. And as I am in a starving 
 condition, I have at last made application to be provided 
 for in the army, and for that purpose have been put to 
 the expence of a Paris journey, from whence I am just 
 returned. As Lochiel has lately got a regiment from the 
 Court of France, I thought from the friendship he (as 
 indeed all my countrymen here) has shewed me, that I 
 would have been one of his acting officers ; but my appli- 
 cation was too late, having delayed it in expectation of 
 hearing from papa. However, the Prince told me that I 
 should be made a supernumerary officer (or, as they are 
 .called here, an officer a la suite) of that regiment. I
 
 1747.] FROM ROUEN. 95 
 
 expect to know in a few days in what station I am ranked. 
 This I hope will afford me bread in the meantime ; but 
 unless papa can procure me money to buy my regimental 
 clothes, and also to clear the small debts I owe, I will be 
 even disappointed of bread in this manner, and what I 
 shall do next God Almighty only knows. This I own is 
 a desperate course, but necessity has no law. At the 
 same time, if papa can form any rational scheme whereby 
 I can be supported till there is a peace, when trade may 
 be carried on, I will immediately resign the army. 
 
 " My straitened circumstances has been of infinite loss 
 to me on several occasions, and I am afraid it will again 
 prove so in my rank in the army. It forced me to leave 
 Paris, as I could not afford the expense of that place ; 
 and the memories of princes are short when people are out 
 of their sight, especially when they have not ministers of 
 virtue to put them in mind, which I am sorry to say is too 
 much our case. I heartily grudge my expense. I am well 
 aware that every shilling I spend is a lessening of what- 
 ever stock papa will be pleased to give me, and straitens 
 him in the meantime, but how can it be avoided ? Can I 
 starve ? can I live with the fowls of the air? I solemnly 
 declare that I have spent nothing that was possible for 
 me to save. I am very certain that none ever made such 
 a figure as I have done at so small an expense. But if 
 I don't get immediate supply, I am undone for ever. 
 Have I no friend that will pity virtue in distress ? Does 
 papa think I could live a year in France on 251. , which 
 is all he has sent me since I came here ? When I 
 arrived I had not a guinea in my pocket, and was quite 
 naked ; and before I could appear, I laid out above 30/. 
 on clothes, which a year's wearing has greatly defaced, 
 especially mournings. My board comes near 251., besides 
 the extraordinary expense I was put to last winter in
 
 96 LUMISDEN'S LETTERS [1747. 
 
 attending the Prince's and Duke's Courts, my late journey 
 to Paris, my barber, the washing my linens, pocket 
 expense, &c. But 'tis impossible for any one that never 
 was in this country to form a just notion of the expense 
 strangers are necessarily led into, but I have not paper 
 left to explain this so fully as it ought. 
 
 " I often wrote, and again most earnestly beg, that 
 you'll send to Mr. Forbes, by the very first opportunity, 
 as there is no danger of losing, the following books, viz., 
 Boyer's Dictionary and Grammar, Hatton's and Wilson's 
 Arithmetic, Malcolm's Book-keeping, Hay's Tables of 
 Interest, G. Brown's Tables, my Book of Maps, with 
 Sir Alex. Murray's Maps of the Highlands : and please 
 buy for me all the particular maps of Scotland by Adair, 
 Master of Elphinstone, Brice, Edgar, &c. (which will be 
 perhaps of great use to me, as the Prince has them not), 
 Gordon's Geography, Echard's Gazeteer, the present 
 state of Britain. Among my papers you'll find one on 
 Bills of Exchange, much blotted, being the only copy I 
 made of it ; put it up in form of a letter, with my Styles 
 of Contracts of Copartnery ; desire W. Gordon to find 
 me the best book on the exchanges, weights, and 
 measures of all nations, as I will find time enough to read 
 and qualify myself for trade, though I get a commission 
 in the army. Please likewise send Pascal's Thoughts, 
 and Meaux's Universal History, Fontenelle's works, 
 2 vol. (these three are in French), Addison's works in 
 5 vol., Hutchison on Beauty, Harmony &c., M. Antoninus' 
 Meditations, Thomson's Seasons, Barrow's Euclid, Wilson's 
 Trigonometry, Browning's Natural Philosophy in 2 vol., 
 Derham's Physico-Theology, Me Kenzie's Institutions, 
 Bayne's Notes, with my MS. Law Notes bound in 4to. ; 
 Abridgement of the Acts of Parliament, the Rudiments, 
 the Scot's Magazine for the last two years, the Collection
 
 1747.] FROM ROUEN. 97 
 
 of papers, pamphlets, &c., relating to the Prince's affairs, 
 Grotius on Peace and War, Bacon's Advancement of 
 Learning, the small Caesar, Virgil, and Sallust. You can 
 send no religious books, as they will be seized here ; I 
 have a Bible and Prayer-Book. Pray also put up my 
 blue-silk waistcoat, my white sewed ones ; my own, but 
 not the Prince's seal ; the silver and mourning swords 
 (having hitherto borrowed, and which will save me at 
 least 41. a piece) a piece of dress indispensible necessary 
 here. If you can send a dozen of table-napkins, and two 
 pair of sheets, they will be of use to me. Now let me 
 again entreat that you'll no longer delay sending these 
 things, as the want of them is a very great loss to 
 me. 
 
 " I beg you'll give me some account of the state of the 
 country, as we have no magazines or other papers of that 
 kind to inform us. I wish you would buy regularly, as 
 'tis a very small expense, the Scots' Magazines, which 
 you may find opportunity from time to time to transmit 
 me. You ask me about W. Muschet : I have not seen 
 him since March ; but I believe he is welL He is a 
 Second Lieutenant (which is the same as Ensign) in 
 Lord Ogilvy's Regiment. I have not seen Lady Ogilvie 
 since she came to France, but I heard that she thanked 
 papa for his civilities to her at Edinburgh. No young 
 man ever had such an opportunity of acquiring and 
 preserving a character as Ogilvy ; but, alas ! he has too 
 much of the family spirit in him, and his little narrow 
 temper has already rendered him most despicable to every 
 one that knows him. Please desire Bella to write a line 
 to Mr. P. Seton's sister at Kirkaldy (as he has settled no 
 method of correspondence with her), to inform that he is 
 well, and is to serve in Lochiel's Regiment as a Second 
 Captain. If she inclines to write him, let her address 
 
 H
 
 98 LUMISDEN'S LETTERS [1747. 
 
 the letter to Mr. P. Baillie only, and you'll enclose it to 
 me. I wish it were in my power to serve Mr. Seton, 
 who is a man of great worth, and who shows me the 
 greatest friendship. 
 
 " There are none of my countrymen in Rouen except 
 Mr. W. Hamilton [ofBangour], and Sir Steward Thriep- 
 land, Dr. Rait of Dundee, Mr. Barclay of Balnaquane, 
 and L Mr. Hamilton and Sir Stewart, who have lately 
 come here, are boarded in one house, Mr. Barclay and I 
 in another; and Dr. Rait boards with an eminent surgeon, 
 called Le Cat, for which he pays 1200 livres a-year. 
 Mr. Hamilton and Sir Stewart offer their compliments 
 to all their friends : the former is in a very bad state of 
 health ; enquire how his children are, and write me. 
 As Lord J. Drummond is dead, please deliver Dundass's 
 letter of credit to Lady Mary Drummond. I can add no 
 more. You see my miserable situation, and I need not 
 again repeat that, if you cannot procure me an immediate 
 supply of a little money, I am for ever ruined ; but with 
 it I hope to put myself in a way of bread, till papa can get 
 his affairs so settled that he may form a scheme whereby 
 I may be supported in trade. That God Almighty may 
 long continue your healths, and render you yet happy in 
 this world, is the earnest prayer of," &c.
 
 1748.] FROM KOUEN. 99 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 MR. LUMISDEN'S DISTRESSED SITUATION. THE SCOTTISH REFUGEES 
 AT ROUEK AND PARIS. HIS SISTER'S MARRIAGE TO MR. STRANGE, 
 WHO LEAVES EDINBURGH TO STUDY DESIGN AT ROUEN. 
 
 ANDREW LUMISDEN'S straitened circumstances arose 
 rather from want of will than of means on the part 
 of his father to assist him. There was, indeed, great 
 excuse for soreness in a stern, worldly man, who saw 
 his only son balked of his profession and banished his 
 country, from adherence to a cause in which he had 
 himself already suffered, and with which he had now 
 few sympathies; while the discovery he ere long 
 made, that his remaining child had indissolubly 
 linked her fate to one in a scarcely better position, 
 and under an almost similar ban, could have no 
 soothing influence upon his feelings towards the 
 Jacobite martyrs. Yet these representations from 
 Rouen were not altogether fruitless, for they pro- 
 cured a remittance of 207. (25Z. having been pre- 
 viously sent over), with an intimation that the like 
 sum, half-yearly, was expected to suffice for Mr. 
 Lumisden's subsistence in France. Recommenda- 
 tions were also procured with a view to trade, and 
 
 H 2
 
 100 LUMISDEN'S LETTERS [1743. 
 
 he was strongly urged rather to qualify himself for 
 such employment than to think of the army. After 
 six months, however, matters had in no way mended. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mrs. Strange. 
 
 " Rouen, June 9th, 1748, N. s. 
 
 " As to myself, I can write nothing agreeable ! 'Tis a 
 subject I have almost wore out, and am sorry to say to 
 little purpose. I have now been a year and a half in 
 this country, and think I am no nearer being put in any 
 settled way than the first day I came. I have again and 
 again mentioned how impossible 'tis for me to be em- 
 ployed here without papa's assistance ; and what I write 
 to him or mama I reckon it the same as wrote to you, 
 because I suppose they are all communicated to you. 
 Mamma has been pleased to inform me, by her letter of 
 the 1st March, that papa had applied to Mr. Ainsley, at 
 Bourdeaux, pursuant to my desire, and expected his 
 answer in a few weeks, which should be communicated 
 to me ; but I have heard no more. This continual delay 
 gives me vast uneasiness ; and the rather as the peace is 
 so far advanced ; for, had I got into a merchant's house 
 when I first proposed it, I would by this time have ac- 
 quired some knowledge in trade, and perhaps been able 
 to have done something for myself in the dawn of peace, 
 as 'tis of great advantage in commerce to get the first hit 
 of the market. There is, however, no looking back ; I 
 only wish that no more time may be lost. If Mr. Ainsley 
 has not agreed to papa's offer, let me hint a scheme or 
 two more, which is all I can do ; it depends on papa to 
 carry it further. I am informed that John Haliburton 
 intends to settle here, and carry on trade in company 
 with Mr. Stewart. Now, if papa could get me conjoined
 
 1748.] FROM ROUEN. 101 
 
 with them, my affair would be done at once ; and, unless 
 Mr. Halyburton, there is not another person engaged 
 with the Prince that intends to carry on trade here, or 
 with whom I would incline to have any connection. If 
 this also fails, there is another scheme, viz., that papa 
 apply to our countrymen at Cadix, in Spain, Messrs. 
 Majoribanks and Main, of a good character, the only 
 British merchants allowed to reside there during the war, 
 who, perhaps, may do something for me ; and no place is 
 more proper for trade than Cadix, tho' I wish rather 
 to continue in France, on account of the language, as 
 'twill be a new labor to acquire Spanish ; besides the 
 difficulty strangers meet with in Spain who are not of 
 the religion of the country, a thing never minded in 
 France. But all these inconveniences I will easily sub- 
 mit to, provided I am put into a settled way of life. 
 
 " Thus, my dear sister, you see my situation ; and I 
 leave it to you to represent these hints to my parents ; 
 and, indeed, if I have not soon an answer, necessity will 
 force me to resolve something rash, perhaps, will be 
 my resolves ; but I can live no longer here, borrowing 
 from my poor friends, when I don't know if ever I will 
 be able to repay them ; and I can find no credit among 
 the French. I am unable to represent the wretched state 
 I am in. Had I not, by the blessing of God, fallen in 
 with worthy friends, I must have starved. I can say no 
 more on this subject; for am fully persuaded that my 
 dear papa would not have pinched me had it been in his 
 power to do otherwise; and, therefore, rather than 
 straiten him, I'll renounce the world for ever. From the 
 Prince I expect nothing ; his own situation is too dismal. 
 The time is past when he could have provided for me ; 
 that is, in the army. I expect every day to hear of his 
 being ordered to leave France. God knows I have little 
 
 H 3
 
 102 LUMISDENS LETTERS [1748. 
 
 prospect of pleasure in life ; but, if I happen to be pro- 
 sperous, you may assure yourself that it will all devolve 
 on you and your children, as I am absolutely resolved 
 never to alter my single state of life. 
 
 " As I have the uneasiness to hear that honest Mr. 
 Forbes, at Rotterdam, has stopt payment, am uncertain 
 whether he can now forward my letters, I, therefore, beg 
 you'll address for me as below, and get some merchant to 
 enclose it to Holland, with directions to his correspondent 
 to forward it as addressed ; or you may desire Mr. Coutts 
 to send it to Mr. Waters. But if you learn with cer- 
 tainty that the correspondence betwixt France and 
 Britain is opened at Dover, you may send your letters 
 directly to France, which will save a great deal of post- 
 age. Pray inform mamma of this, to whom I wrote on 
 18th April, in answer to hers of 1st March. Before 
 this can reach you, I hope my chest is sent to Holland ; 
 if not, there is nothing to hinder its being sent directly 
 to Boulogne, with Ogilvy or any other shipmaster, trade 
 being already begun : or rather with my brother [in-law], 
 if he comes soon over. I know you'll send me all the 
 pamphlets, acts of Parliament, news, &c. I wish you 
 would compare my books with the catalogue, and 
 send it to me, with a note of what books are a-missing, 
 that I may reflect on the persons who have them. Did 
 [Lord] Kennet return Laurence's Husbandry ? J. 
 M'Gowan, the Villas of the Ancients, &c. ? Adam 
 Fairholm, a translation of Xenophon's Memorable Things 
 of Socrates ? Please send me the last. 
 
 " For God's sake write me by course of post ; you see 
 in what a dismal situation I am. Let me knoAV how papa 
 and mama are, and what they are doing. To write 
 you all the various scenes I have [seen] since I left you 
 would require a volume ; besides, my spirit is too low for
 
 1748.] FROM ROUEN. 103 
 
 a thing of that nature. Sir Stewart Threpland and Mr. 
 Hamilton offer their compliments to you ; the latter has 
 almost entirely recovered his health, by the indefatigable 
 attendance of the former. As soon as Mr. Hamilton en- 
 joys the least interval of health, he resumes his usual 
 humour. The other day he amused us with his Litany, 
 which begins with this sentence : 'I will arise and go 
 unto George ; and will say unto him, George ! I have re- 
 belled against thee, and am no more worthy to be called 
 thy subject ; make me as one of thy hired Englishmen.'" 
 
 Sir Stuart Thriepland, here mentioned, was the 
 third successive baronet of Fingask that had fought 
 for the royal race whose name was laid on him at 
 baptism, as the somewhat superfluous seal of an in- 
 born loyalty. His intimacy with Andrew Lumisden 
 now ripened into a friendship, which, after the test 
 of long subsequent separation, and of occasional mis- 
 understandings, consequent on his undertaking, with- 
 out professional qualifications, to manage in after 
 years the complicated Lumisden affairs in Scotland, 
 descended to their respective families. Sir Stuart, 
 who had been bred to the medical profession, availed 
 himself of the amnesty of June 1747 to return home ; 
 but his correspondence forms an important portion of 
 Mr. Lumisden's letter-books from Italy, on which 
 we shall by and by draw largely. William Hamil- 
 ton, of Bangour in Linlithgowshire, prevented by 
 death from becoming historian of the rebellion he 
 had joined, was its laureat; and, in an age when 
 
 H 4
 
 104 THE SCOTTISH EXILES. [1748. 
 
 Scottish minstrelsy was waning for a time, a collec- 
 tion of fugitive poems, published in 1760, and re- 
 printed in 1850, has transmitted his name as a 
 follower of the muses, with his features from the 
 burin of his friend and comrade Strange. He was 
 never attainted, but remained chiefly in France till 
 his death of consumption at Lyons in 1 754, although 
 his succession to the family estate had opened, on 
 his elder brother's death, four years before. A man 
 of gentle bearing and amiable character, he took no 
 active part in scenes of strife which required more 
 vigour of purpose than fell to his lot ; 
 
 " And often erring, broke no social duty, 
 Unbribed by statesmen, and unhurt by beauty." 
 
 Several of the less marked Jacobites alluded to by 
 Mr. Lumisden preferred commissions in French 
 regiments, officered by their countrymen, to the pre- 
 carious fortunes offered at home, under the amnesty, 
 to blighted names. To those curious in gossip re- 
 garding the English exiles, the following pungent 
 letter, without signature or address, from the Colt- 
 ness Papers, may be acceptable. 
 
 "Paris, 23 April, 1748. 
 
 " Now I must obey your orders, in giving you an ac- 
 count of all our country -people. I will begin with Lord 
 and Lady Ogilvie. My Lord is gone to the armie, where 
 his regiment is ; and, by accounts from there, it is in
 
 1748.] THE SCOTTISH EXILES. 105 
 
 very great disorder. It marched from St. Omer's with 
 only three officers, to the great dishonneur of all those 
 that was not there, as well as the Colonel. My Lady is 
 here, seven months gone with child, in very great dis- 
 tress. She is really to be pitied. My Lord has used 
 her extremely ill ever since she has been with him, 
 by the advise of my Lord Aboyn, who has per- 
 suaded him that no men of quality love their wives in 
 France, and made him keep a mistress. She has letters 
 from Scotland, that she must go into England to ley in, 
 which greaves her very much. She is really a most 
 miserable young woman. It is a pity my Lord has fallen 
 into such bad hands.* Maxwell has been very ill ; but is 
 much better. Lady Lockhart is brought to bed of a son, 
 as is very well. Lord Louis Gordon has been very ill 
 also ; but begins to go out. He is very great with us, 
 and really a very good young man. My Lord Aboyn 
 goes about very grand, and thinks he does every body too 
 much honeur if he speaks to them : but never goes into 
 any good company. The Countesse of Lismore goes in 
 her coatche with the manteau ducal. Battenbresh thinks 
 his first choice too agreeable to change it for any other 
 mistress he could find heir ; and begs you will not do him 
 the injustice to imagine him of so bad a teast!" 
 
 The disgust occasioned to Prince Charles and to 
 his adherents, by his brother's becoming a cardinal in 
 July 1747, was shared by Mr. Lumisden, who, in 
 writing to his father soon after, says that the Prince 
 " takes greatly to heart the step his brother has 
 
 * These notices of Lord Ogilvie's stormy youth vary widely from 
 the respect paid to the mellowed and honoured age he passed in his 
 native land, under the immunity of an ample pardon.
 
 106 MARRIAGE [l74S. 
 
 made, as one for which he had' not been at all pre- 
 pared when he parted with him ; and he will not 
 allow his health to be drank or his name to be 
 mentioned." Already, too, the young Chevalier's own 
 popularity and good name were declining, and the 
 sufferings endured by their expatriated partisans in 
 no way tended to mitigate the animadversions cast 
 on the Stuarts. " Everything," Lumisden adds, 
 " seems to conspire to their ruin ; I am sorry to say 
 they will owe it chiefly to themselves, since, from 
 their conduct of late, in many things, one is almost 
 led to think they had given up all thoughts of 
 further attempting to sit upon the British throne." 
 
 The querulous notes of an exile, whose prospects 
 were simultaneously blighted by princely neglect, 
 paternal indifference, and an empty purse, have but 
 scanty interest. Our extracts from the Lumisden 
 Correspondence will now, however, be pleasantly 
 varied by letters and projects of Mr. and Mrs. 
 Strange. No particulars of their marriage are pre- 
 served; but family tradition bears that her hand, 
 fairly won by her lover under the white cockade, 
 being grudged him by an obdurate father, the pair 
 assumed the guidance of their own destiny, and 
 crowned it by " a clandestine marriage." Its secret 
 celebration took place early in 1747; but we learn 
 from the bride herself that, notwithstanding many
 
 174S.] OF MR. STRANGE. 107 
 
 difficulties, she adhered to set forms at her Avedding 
 meaning, doubtless, the episcopalian ritual. Neither 
 can we discover how soon the union was declared ; 
 though, from the subjoined letters, she appears to 
 have left her paternal home in October of that year, 
 and, about the beginning of December, she an- 
 nounced the event to her brother. The first girl 
 was born shortly before its father's return from 
 London, in March 1748, and, in the usual Scottish 
 fashion, was named Mary, after its maternal grand- 
 mother Bruce. Mr. Strange's tastes being more in 
 sympathy with the burin than the sabre, he could 
 not have been sorry to find his military career closed, 
 and his chosen profession again before him. His 
 pursuing it in France has been ascribed to political 
 reasons ; but, apart from all such considerations, it 
 is obvious that Scotland afforded no opportunities 
 either for study or advancement to one already con- 
 scious of high aspirations in art. These were doubt- 
 less to a great extent innate ; but we have seen that, 
 from the outset, he had the advantage of Mr. 
 Cooper's collections, including many sketches by 
 great masters, to ameliorate his taste, and that the 
 few facilities for improvement which Edinburgh 
 afforded had already been greedily seized. In con- 
 sequence, perhaps, of the success attending his 
 Jacobite portraits, the career he now destined for 
 himself was painting in miniature ; and he proposed
 
 108 STRANGE'S PLAX [1743. 
 
 to pursue it in Rome. With such views marriage 
 must have seriously interfered, and we are left in 
 doubt whether self-confidence or rashness may have 
 most influenced that step. We shall accordingly 
 find his long professional absences sadly marring 
 domestic comforts, without really impairing the de- 
 voted affection which induced it. And within eighteen 
 months of its adoption Mr. Strange, at the suggestion 
 of Lumisden, repaired to Rouen to study drawing 
 under J. B. Descamps, professor of design in that 
 city, and author of the Lives of Flemish and Dutch 
 Painters, an artist to whom Diderot pungently 
 remarked, " You are said to have taken up literature ; 
 God grant you prove better in that than at painting ! " 
 whose reputation survives in the productions of his 
 pen rather than his pencil, and who Avas professor 
 of design in that city. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mrs. Strange. 
 
 "Rouen, June 9th, 1748, N. s. 
 
 " I had the pleasure to write you on the 3d February, 
 in answer to yours and Robie's of December, but have 
 not since heard from you ; only I learn, by a letter from 
 mama, of 1st March, that you are delivered of a 
 daughter. May God long preserve her to be a blessing to 
 her parents ! I am very anxious to hear how you do, 
 and to know if my brother [in-law] continues his resolu- 
 tion of coming to this country. If he does, I can luckily 
 be of use to him in the way of his business, from the ac- 
 quaintance I have of a very ingenious, communicative
 
 1748.] FOR GOING ABROAD. 109 
 
 person, professor of the Academy of Design here, who is 
 in great friendship with all the best engravers at Paris. 
 I show'd him a few days ago the mark of my books, from 
 which he entertains a high notion of Robie's abilities ; 
 but says there are several things wherein he can be of 
 great use to him, especially in the articles of drawing, 
 and recommending him to the proper masters at Paris ; 
 and, as he is a very sensible man, his instructions, I 
 believe, may be very useful. Sir S. Thriepland has been 
 drawing with him since December, and has made vast 
 progress. I therefore beg, on this, as well as on other 
 accounts, that my brother may come directly to Rouen. 
 I would have wrote him, but he gave me no address, and 
 am uncertain where he is ; however, it is the same thing 
 when I write to you. R. Wright informs me, in a letter 
 from Boulogne, tljat he saw him well at London, and 
 that he proposed soon to be here." 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 " Edin. June 18th, 1748. 
 
 " My dearest Brother, 'Tis with no small shame that 
 I see two of the kindest epistles before me unanswered. 
 I shall not here make my excuse, but will very soon do 
 it ; in the meantime, I hope for your forgiveness. My dear 
 Robie came from London the end of March, made me 
 happy, and his daughter a Christian, by the name you 
 rightly guess. Dear brother, your repeated assurances 
 of kindness has made me the happiest of sisters ; for it 
 would have broke my heart had any step I could have 
 taken divided my dearest brother and me, who I always 
 had such an entire affection for. But now I trust in 
 God your loves shall be more firmly united by the 
 pleasure my dearest Robie has in calling you brother, 
 which is by much the more endearing, as he can add the
 
 110 STRANGE'S PLAN [1743. 
 
 name of friend to the brother. He hopes soon to have the 
 pleasure of seeing you, as he will write you himself. 
 You ask me what is become of Mr. Friend's process ? 
 Answer, 'tis before the Lords. Mr. Luke is in China ; but 
 as soon as he returns you shall hear of him. All 
 friends here are well, and join me in offering their com- 
 pliments to you and yours. I am, my dearest brother, 
 " Your most affectionate sister, 
 
 "ISABELLA S ." 
 
 "Dear Brother, It is with infinite pleasure I hereby 
 acknowledge the satisfaction I lately had on hearing of 
 your welfare, which, from the friendship that ever sub- 
 sisted between us, and the entire happiness I have in 
 being more nearly related to you, are inducements that 
 shall ever make me esteem your happiness no less dear 
 than that of my own ; and I heartily wish I may once 
 have it in my power to testify the grateful sense I have 
 for the regard you are pleased to express for me. I 
 once proposed, much about this time, to leave Scotland, 
 in order to complete the intention I had of going abroad ; 
 but from a late indisposition am obliged for some time to 
 delay it, till (God willing) I recover what health will 
 enable me to travel. In a few days my dearest and I 
 propose going to the country, where I am hopeful, after 
 some week's stay, I will be in readiness to set out, and 
 propose no small pleasure in seeing you in my way. 
 From several concurring reasons, of which I can the 
 better inform you at meeting, I propose applying to 
 miniature painting, and beg you'll take the trouble to 
 enquire, and acquaint me to what perfection that art is 
 in France. As I have run myself so near aground, I 
 must here beg leave to stop, with assuring you that I 
 ever am " Your most affectionate brother, 
 
 " EGBERT STRANGE."
 
 1748.] FOR GOING ABROAD. Ill 
 
 "My dearest Andrew,* Mama and I -would have 
 wrote to you ere now, but always delayed for the oppor- 
 tunity of your chest, that we might save postage. Mr. 
 A. Forbes, who is here at present, advis'd papa not to 
 send it but by Ogilvie, or some other, directly for France ; 
 so you may expect it with the first ship from this place, 
 if not by Robie, who proposes soon to be with you. Mr. 
 Forbes says our letters will just go in the usual way, 
 although he be here. Every thing you wrote for is in 
 order in your chest since the first. Dear Andrew, I 
 must now thank you for being so good as mind my 
 dearest Robie, who, before I received your last, was 
 resolved to have gone directly to Rome to have studied 
 miniature painting ; but now is determined to spend most 
 of his time with you, as drawing is what he chiefly 
 wants. When he's complete in that point he may go 
 to Rome. The nearer he is, I'll be the better pleased. 
 The best of it will be hard enough on me, for I am con* 
 vinced there never was a happier pair. With great 
 pleasure would I go along with him, but am afraid I 
 Avould be too heavy a cloak -bag ; so must even content 
 myself with my bonny little Mary, till my dear Robie 
 return. If I should but attempt to describe my happi- 
 ness I should leave room for no other subject ; so I'll even 
 let it suffice to tell you that, as my dearest Robie is all 
 love, friendship, and affection, I enjoy all that a fond 
 heart and a contented mind could wish. I thank God he 
 has been exceedingly successful in the way of his busi- 
 ness, both in this place and in London, where he met 
 with many kind friends ; but woe's me ! his fatigue has 
 cost him dear, for his health is not been good for some 
 
 * The remaining portion of this joint letter was written in sym- 
 pathetic ink.
 
 112 STRAXGE'S PLAN [1748. 
 
 time past. We are going to the goat-whey in a few 
 days ; and as soon as he returns he will set out for you 
 in the nearest way, from Leith to Rouen. 
 
 " 'Tis high time now that I should say something to 
 yourself. Dear Andrew, believe me, your present situation, 
 as described by your own hand, is a most afflicting 
 thought to me. I am sorry papa's endeavour with Mr. 
 Ainslie has had no effect, but I hope there is better 
 biding for you, and the next scheme shall have better 
 success. I understand papa has wrote to Mr. Halyburton 
 and to Mr. Majoribanks, proposing you to be in company 
 with them, and offering a tolerable stock. Dear Andrew, 
 if you write to papa before he writes to you, take no 
 notice of my mentioning this, for I have no instructions 
 from papa ; only my dear mama, whose constant business 
 is to make every body easy, bids me tell you what's 
 already done. I suppose papa will write you very soon. 
 Dear Andrew, the situation of the Prince's affairs, and 
 those of his friends in France, is a killing thought to me : 
 'tis what I would not mention for the world, for every 
 body here hopes for good things soon. It gives me great 
 pleasure you are in such kind, agreeable company ; God 
 reward them for their love to you ; but, dear Andrew, 
 Fm surprised that they and you incline to live in Rouen, 
 for it is as dear as any place in France. As none of you 
 have any business, I think you should confine yourself 
 but to the cheapest place of the country. You may be 
 sure 'tis necessity, not choice, that makes papa send you 
 less than what you require ; you know what ill hands 
 his money is in. I'm sure he intends to send you 201. 
 soon, and perhaps more too. Dear Andrew, forgive me 
 for offering my poor advice, which is, before you enter 
 into trade, to tell papa of every farthing you owe in 
 France ; for it would destroy you for ever to be paying
 
 1743.J FOR GOING ABROAD. 113 
 
 debt with your infant stock. If you do this I am per- 
 suaded he will make you a free man. Tell him fairly 
 that, on your first going to France, you launched out a 
 little farther than you now find has been convenient ; 
 "but you thought things would have taken a better turn 
 than, alas, they have : this, I am persuaded, will please 
 him and make you easy for the future. I wish, my dear 
 Andrew, it was in my power to assist you in anything, 
 but God knows that must at present end in an idle wish. 
 I have not stayed in papa's house since last October, but 
 of this I shall write more when Robie comes to you ; 
 meantime, I am no burthen to papa, for which reason he 
 may the better take care of you. Pray make Robie's 
 compliments and mine to Sir Stewart and Mr. Hamilton, 
 and tell them my daughter sends her honest wishes to 
 them : the poor infant has early shown spirit of Jacobit- 
 ism ; she had almost suffered martyrdom the tenth of 
 this month, for having two white roses in her cap. I 
 hope one day to hear her bless God she was gotten, born, 
 and nursed a good Jacobite, though I own at present 'tis 
 not a profitable religion. I wish you may be able to 
 read this scroll ; I have been called away fifty times 
 since I sat first down. That health and happiness may 
 ever attend you shall be my constant prayer. Papa and 
 mama, I bless God, are very well, and I am, my dearest 
 Andrew, " Your most affectionate sister, 
 
 "ISABELLA STRANGE. 
 
 " P. S. Robie and I will be glad to hear from you 
 before he sets out, and if there's anything you have 
 not mentioned in your former epistles, let me know 
 by your next ; your directing for Robie or me at Mr. 
 Gordon's, will come quite safe. Tell Mr. Hamilton 
 that his children are well, as is also Sir Stewart's 
 
 VOL. I. I
 
 114 STRAXGE GOES [1748. 
 
 friends. Dear mama sends her blessing to you : 
 she and my dearest are the only persons that know of 
 my writing, but none of them knows the half of what 
 I have wrote. My dear did not see your last ; I hate 
 to tell him anything that's dull. Adieu ! " 
 
 Mrs. Lumisden to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 " Edinburgh, 23. Sept. 1748. 
 
 " My dearest Child, I embrace this opportunity of 
 writing to you, since our correspondence is all the 
 pleasure we can have at present ; but God forbid I 
 despair of seeing your children, and peace in Israel. In 
 the meantime, let us be thankful for the mercy we enjoy, 
 and duly patient under our afflictions ! I am sure you 
 will do all the service in your power for the bearer. I 
 wish his scheme may answer, tho' there is always danger 
 in changing of trades ; but this is not the effect of advice, 
 but his own proposal. You have the books you sent for, 
 with a list of them, as also your Cousin's seal and your 
 uncle's ; but it would be highly improper and altogether 
 unjustifiable to deliver your Cousin's seal but out of your 
 own hand ; and, to be sure, he would take it extremely 
 amiss if you did otherwise. Your uncle and all friends 
 are well, and remember you very kindly ; and I am, 
 " Your most affectionate mother, 
 
 M. M." * 
 
 * In this and other letters of the series names and relationships 
 of the parties are purposely disguised. Andrew Lumisden was at 
 tliis time addressed as " Mr. Charles Hanson ;" his mother was 
 usually " Mary Scot ; " his " uncle " meant his father. His " Cousin" 
 is the Prince, whose seal, habitually entrusted to Mr. Lumisden, and 
 anxiously saved in his flight, had, for its safety and his own, been 
 left in Edinburgh, and, with this letter, was now carried to him at 
 Rouen by Mr. Strange.
 
 1748.] TO ROME. 115 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 " Edinburgh, Sept. 29. 1748. 
 
 " Dear Andrew, By the time you read this, I think 
 I hear you bless me for sending you the best of brothers. 
 I am sure I have great reason to bless God that has 
 made the best of mankind mine. I believe I need not 
 preach up the doctrine of friendship, love, and peace to 
 subsist between you, as you are both more than ordinary 
 brothers, so I hope there shall ever be more than com- 
 mon affection betwixt you. You're both so like other, 
 and so good every way, that I have no reason to doubt of 
 your mutual loves ; therefore needs say but little on this 
 subject, only tell you, my dear Andrew, that I expect 
 you'll be like a father to my dearest life (altho' he has 
 been one before you). There's a thousand things that 
 you are capable to instruct him in, and I natter myself 
 that you'll take a particular pleasure in doing it ; and I'll 
 venture to say that none of your favours will be lost 
 on either of us. And, to tell a truth which may either 
 be overlooked or quite forgotten by some, I think my 
 dearest is entitled to the esteem of every true Britain ; 
 for he has done more to serve his country than any 
 servant his master has that I know of. Two years ago 
 he was stript naked every way in his country's cause, 
 since which he has got a wife and two children for the 
 good of the public.* He has also, by his own industry, 
 
 * This expression is puzzling. In December, 1747, Mrs. 
 Strange announced to her brother her secret but formal mar- 
 riage, which had been solemnised some time previously ; his 
 eldest child, Mary, was first mentioned 1st March, 1748, was 
 baptized in the end of that month, and died in the cradle. 
 The next, Mary Bruce, was not born until 4th February, 1749, 
 and consequently is here alluded to by anticipation by a con- 
 scious mother. 
 
 i 2
 
 116 MRS. STRAXGE TO [1748. 
 
 provided for his growing young family to their full satis- 
 action. Lastly, he has shown the world the personal 
 perfections of his dear master ; and so charmed thousands, 
 which is more than any British man ever did before him. 
 I could fill volumes with his good qualities ; but, as you 
 know many of them, and will soon see more of them, I 
 shall be as short on this subject as possible, tho' I don't 
 know where to find such another. 
 
 " However, I must beg pardon to your patience, while, 
 with your leave, I jot a few lines more in behalf of my 
 dearest ; and so further inform you that, with his close 
 study and constant labour, he has of late been exceeding 
 tender. Now, my dear Andrew, I beg you'll be so good 
 as make him take a reasonable recreation from his com- 
 mon fatigue ; cheerfulness and moderate exercise is the 
 only restorative he stands in need of. Be sure and cause 
 him spend an hour or two every day at dancing or fenc- 
 ing, running or riding, as you please. The doctor says a 
 flesh diet is not proper for him ; but now and then a glass 
 of good wine will do him no harm ; but, as he'll be happy 
 in being near two able physicians, I submit to what they 
 think proper for him. Now, tell them they shall have 
 the prayers of an affectionate wife as a temporal reward ; 
 and at last they'll be rewarded in heaven for their care of 
 my honest, faithful lover, who I depute to tell you how 
 happy I am, after an incredible labour of troubles. 'Tis 
 but fair that I allow my dearest to say something. 
 Dear Andrew, I would have sent you wedding-gloves in 
 form (for all the oppression I have had, I adhere to set 
 forms as yet), but I knew that would be like sending salt 
 to Dysart ; so have converted them into wedding-garters, 
 which my dearest will give you, and half a dozen of new 
 shirts, which I hope you will be so good as accept of 
 them, as a sincere token of friendship, which I hope
 
 1748.] ANDREW LUMISDEN. 117 
 
 nothing in this world shall ever alter : bygones must be 
 bygones with us. All your shirts are plain, as I did not 
 know what sort of ruffles was us'd in France : they are 
 of very good cloth, and are fit for any sort. They are 
 marked with A. L. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, with red silk, on the 
 gushet ; good health may you have to wear them and 
 many ! My mama has sent you an inventory of what 
 things is in your chest : I durst not send you any state 
 papers, for fear of loosing all. 
 
 "As to news, both public and private, that I leave 
 Robie to tell. I have received the Villas, the Book 
 of Husbandry which you wrote of, but not Adam Fer- 
 holm's one ; but I believe will get it. As soon as I am 
 able, I shall make a full catalogue of all the books you 
 have here ; in the meantime I assure you they are taken 
 good care of, for they are all kept in chests. I have sent 
 you some which you did not write for, because I thought 
 you would have use for them. Dear Andrew, altho' I 
 know your good advice will never be wanting to my 
 dearest Robie, I will not trouble you with unnecessary 
 expressions of friendship for it ; but only say that time 
 will best shew all our sincerities. Pray offer my best 
 wishes to Mr. Smith and Mr. Scott, and believe me ever 
 to be, " My dear Andrew, 
 
 " Your most affectionate sister, 
 
 " ISABELLA STRANGE." 
 
 i 3
 
 118 PRINCE CHARLES [1748. 
 
 CHAP. V. 
 
 CHARLES EDWARD'S EXPULSION FROM FRANCE. PROVISION BY THE 
 
 FRENCH COURT FOR THE SCOTTISH EXILES. STRANGE STUDIES 
 
 AT PARIS. LUMISDEN GOES TO ROME, AND BECOMES UNDER- 
 SECRETARY TO THE CHEVALIER DE ST. GEORGE. 
 
 FROM the rout of Culloden, the Jacobite cause was 
 at an end. A protracted campaign had revealed the 
 feebleness of resources which at first, favoured by 
 weakness of the executive, had nearly overturned it. 
 The rebel leaders were divided, scattered, impover- 
 ished; and peace having extinguished their hopes 
 from without, the English ministry tardily awoke to 
 past errors, and bethought itself of social remedies. 
 Yet, notwithstanding his reverses, Charles Edward 
 was, in many respects, still favourably situated. 
 Under his guidance, a Scottish army had for the 
 first time penetrated to the centre of England, 
 whence, had he been seconded by his officers and 
 supported by a selfish and faithless ally, it might 
 even have reached London. Heading a band of 
 Highland stragglers and raw volunteers, he had 
 gained two out of three pitched battles against the 
 best English troops. His privations and hair-breadth 
 escapes during five months had been the marvel of
 
 1748.] LEAVES FRANCE. 119 
 
 sympathising Europe. He had borne success with 
 moderation, misfortune with equanimity. He was 
 just such a hero as the French people would idolise, 
 while their government, willing to retain a tool for 
 future exigencies, sought to compensate recent neg- 
 lect by liberal offers. Had the Prince known the 
 advantages of his position, he would have accepted 
 these proposals, securing for himself a large pension, 
 for his unfortunate followers either competent al- 
 lowances or advancement in the French army and 
 church. But adversity had spoiled a character of 
 much early promise. By a singular contradiction, 
 it engendered selfish and perverse obstinacy in one 
 on whom indulgence had been harmlessly lavished. 
 Even his warmest admirers find little to approve in 
 Charles Edward after his return to France. His 
 situation was no doubt a trying one. The failure of 
 his expedition, his brother's adoption of ecclesiastical 
 orders, the coldness of the Bourbon Court, and the 
 treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (October, 1748), were all 
 reverses calculated to irritate a headstrong and im- 
 perious youth, and perhaps entitling their victim to 
 some indulgence. But, from this time, his head and 
 heart were equally at fault, and his whole proceed- 
 ings were calculated to alienate all his friends. The 
 events which befel him from his landing at Roscoff, on 
 the 29th of September, 1746, O. S., until the end of 
 December, 1748, when he was expelled from France 
 
 I 4
 
 120 ANDREW LUMISDEN [1749. 
 
 and took refuge at Avignon, throw light on the fol- 
 lowing letter, and will be found in Mr. R. Cham- 
 ber's thirtieth chapter. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 " Rouen, Mar. 11. 1749. 
 
 "As the Prince's conduct of late would require a 
 volume to set it in its true light, you cannot expect that 
 I can say much on that head. Though I find myself 
 often obliged to plead his cause, yet, when I write to 
 you, I have no occasion to conceal my real sentiments, 
 and therefore must .plainly tell you that I can't with 
 truth vindicate the conduct either of the Prince or of the 
 Court of France, though I think the latter easier than the 
 former. France no doubt is the state in Europe that 
 has it most in its power to restore the Royal Family ; 
 and though the present ministry are against such a 
 project, 'tis hard to say what a succeeding one may do, 
 and therefore I think the Prince should not have broke 
 with such a power. And supposing the Prince to be of 
 a different opinion, that is, that the French will never do 
 anything for him, yet it was wrong to break with them 
 in the manner he has done : he might have retired with 
 that opinion, and in the meantime made all he could of 
 them ; for the Court, in order to induce him to retire 
 privately, not only procured settlement for him at 
 Friburg, and contracted to pay the State a yearly sum 
 for his support, but also offered to make a settlement on 
 his friends abroad, who can't return home ; but neither 
 the commands of his father, nor the entreaty of his friends 
 had any effect on him ; but [he] sacrificed all, and for 
 what ? to acquire the approbation of an English mob, 
 that, perhaps, will not last half an hour. On the other
 
 1749.] TO HIS FATHER. 121 
 
 hand, I can't justify the French conduct in forcing him 
 from the country in the shameful way they did, when the 
 same end could have been attained by methods that 
 could have given offence to none. In short, there is not 
 a man in France that does not exclaim against the con- 
 duct of the Court, and say that there never was such an 
 wound given to their national honor, and are daily 
 writing satires against the King and Ministry, a thing 
 very uncommon here. 
 
 "However, upon the Prince's leaving France, the 
 Court, not so much touched I believe with our mis- 
 fortunes, as to raise their own character at the expense 
 of the Prince's, who left so many of his faithful servants 
 in misery, when it was in his power to have provided for 
 them by only asking, resolved to make some settlement 
 on the gentlemen abroad, unprovided for in the army, 
 and unable to support themselves. Accordingly M. de 
 Puysieux gave an order to Mr. G. Innes, Principal of 
 the Scots' College [at Paris,] desiring each of these gentle- 
 men to draw up memorials, in which he is to specify his 
 birth and quality, what rank he had in the army, what 
 he lost by joining the Prince, and whether he is attainted, 
 excepted, or not? and that Lord Nairn, Lord Louis Gor- 
 don, Sir H. MacLean, Clanronald, Glengary, and Ardshiel 
 meet at the Scots' College and examine these memorials, 
 and make a report of them to the minister. As soon as 
 this order was intimated, my friends advised me to go 
 to Paris and present my memorial myself, which they 
 thought would have more weight than just sending one ; 
 besides that difficulties might occur that I could easier 
 solve by word of mouth than by writing. These con- 
 siderations induced me to set out immediately for Paris, 
 which I did with Mr. Hamilton, where we spent three 
 weeks. As the memorial is too long I can't here tran-
 
 122 ANDREW LUMISDEN [1749. 
 
 scribe it, but the Report was, ' That he is a gentle- 
 man ; was principal Under- Secretary and first Clerk of 
 the Treasury ; and, to shew the confidence the Prince 
 reposed in him, he entrusted him with the keeping of his 
 seals, to be in readiness when necessary : that he served 
 with distinction, and with the approbation of all the 
 world ; that he has lost considerably, and is attainted of 
 high treason.' 
 
 "I could not have desired a more favourable report, 
 and indeed such a declaration by my countrymen must 
 necessarily give me a sensible satisfaction. The Court 
 have not yet given an answer, and what they'll do is 
 very uncertain ; but I think their honor, if any yet 
 remains, is so far engaged that they must do something, 
 after putting themselves and others to so much trouble : 
 at the same time it will be a trifle, for no court is so 
 saving of money, and gives so little to them that serve 
 them ; but whatsoever it is, it will be a help. I am told 
 the Court was surprised at the numbers in the Report, 
 and for this reason too, the division will be the smaller. 
 The distinction the Court made in the order to Mr. 
 Innes, betwixt persons attainted or not, gives reason to 
 believe that they will settle something annually on the 
 former, and give the latter only a present of money, to 
 carry them home. If this happen to be the case, you 
 see what reason I'll have to continue in this country, 
 and how necessary it will be to continue your applica- 
 tions to merchants here. But if the Court do nothing, I 
 shall be doubly concerned, first at the disappointment 
 in general, and in the next place for the extraordinary 
 expense of my Paris journey, being about 6/., which has 
 further straitened me ; but I need say nothing on this 
 head, as you too well know how my money matters stand, 
 and how far I am behind. As soon as anything is done
 
 1749.] TO HIS FATHER. 123 
 
 I'll be sure to inform you, but pray don't delay writing 
 me on that account, as it may be long enough before the 
 Court come to a resolution. We just hear the Prince is 
 ordered by the Pope to leave Avignon, where he'll retire 
 to next, God knows." 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 " Ronen, March 23. 1 749. 
 
 "I am fully persuaded that the disappointment you 
 have met with from the persons you have applied to in 
 my behalf, and the daily hopes you had of getting some- 
 thing done for me, has occasioned your long silence. 
 But let me conjure you not to delay writing on any 
 account whatever ; your silence adds greatly to my 
 uneasy situation. To read your affectionate, kind letters, 
 to receive often your wholesome advice, to learn that 
 my dearest mother and sister are well, is the only plea- 
 sure I can find when separated from you, and let me not 
 thus be deprived of it. 
 
 " Of trade I can say no more, but refer to what I 
 formerly wrote on that subject. I have often men- 
 tioned all the merchants in this country and in Spain, 
 I could learn anything about, proper to serve me: 
 I have all the inclination possible to be employed, in 
 what shape soever you are pleased to order me ; but can 
 do nothing for myself without your assistance, and with- 
 out proper applications made to some of these gentlemen, 
 which you never have been pleased fully to inform me 
 have been made. Conscious how much I straitened you, 
 'tis with the utmost reluctance I mention my wants, but 
 what can I do ? I can't do anything for myself in this 
 country, and I have no other friend but you to fly to. I 
 could easily vindicate every step of my conduct since I
 
 ANDREW LUMISDEX [1749. 
 
 came here. I have been guilty of no extravance, and 
 I flatter myself that Mr. Smyth, and my other friends 
 who have seen my conduct, will satisfy you of the truth 
 of it. I have already given you the reason why I con- 
 tinue in Rouen, when I might find a cheaper place, and 
 the reason must remain till you can put me in a situation 
 to leave it. The money you remitted me in October 
 last did not entirely clear my debts. I have since been 
 obliged to buy a winter coat. I have also been put to 
 an extraordinary expense in going to Paris, so you may 
 easily judge of the present state of my finances. All my 
 condisciples, have either left or will leave this in a week 
 or two ; it was by their credit I have been hitherto sup- 
 plied ; hence my situation must be very dismal if you 
 don't find means soon to relieve me. 
 
 In my letter of March llth, I gave you an account of 
 my journey to Paris. Courts are not to be depended on : 
 they are directed only by present interest, and no court 
 pursues these principles closer than a French one. All 
 hopes from that quarter are now almost over. This 
 has proceeded partly from the sordidness of [the] Court 
 and the contempt they seem to have for the Prince, and 
 partly from the villany of some people abroad, who, 
 wanting to make their court at the expense of the rest of 
 their countrymen, have made the minister believe that 
 the report made in the month of January contains many 
 falsehoods, and that few of the persons mentioned in it 
 are in any want whatever. In short, there is not a 
 single person whose character the minister has not 
 examined in that little sneaking way ; and we have 
 nobody of character or interest at Court to represent 
 these things in their true light, so that you may judge 
 if much is to be expected from that quarter. But if 
 they still happen to be induced to do anything, it will
 
 1749.] TO HIS FATHER. 125 
 
 be only in the army, and they will perhaps offer such 
 low commissions as will be impossible to live on, and, 
 rather than serve them on these conditions, I'll retire to 
 some corner of the world where I am not known, 
 and earn bread with the sweat of my brow. 
 
 " We know nothing about the Prince. The report of 
 his marriage had no manner of foundation ; it was a 
 foolish story, published by some of the persons about 
 him to conceal where he was. They cannot be too 
 cautious in doing or saying anything that may hurt his 
 character ; but alas ! I am afraid that there is not a 
 single gentleman about him that has either sense or 
 virtue, to manage that most ticklish point." 
 
 It will be a relief to the reader to know that the 
 exile's severest trials were now over. Mr. Strange, 
 going soon after to pursue his studies at Paris, was 
 commissioned by him to look after the pensions ex- 
 pected from the Gratification List, and was able ere 
 long to remit to him the first instalment of an allow- 
 ance which, under that name, continued for many 
 years to be paid by the French Government with 
 tolerable regularity to a certain number of the ban- 
 ished Jacobites, Mr. Lumisden included. For these 
 matters, and the new prospects opening to both the 
 brothers-in-law, we refer to the next four letters. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 " Rouen, May 23rd, 1749. 
 
 " Robie, who keeps his health very well, will be in 
 Paris in a fortnight. He has given indefatigable appli- 
 cation since he came here, and has made proportional
 
 126 STRANGE ARRIVES [1749. 
 
 progress. He has gained the first prize at the Academy 
 of Design, which is a medal worth about three crowns. 
 If he continues to make the same progress at Paris, in a 
 year he will be equal to the first engraver here. He is 
 now resolved to make engraving his principal business, 
 in which I think he judges wisely, and miniature paint- 
 ing a secondary branch, which he'll soon acquire after the 
 knowledge he has in drawing and engraving. It gives 
 me no small uneasiness the parting with him, for he has 
 so much goodness and sweetness in his temper that he 
 obliges everybody to love him ; I am only afraid 
 that his great application may at last hurt his health. 
 
 " By the time this reaches you, I reckon my worthy 
 friend Mr. Smith will be in Edinburgh ; Mr. Scot, 
 Robie and I join in compliments to him, and our Rev. 
 friend [Mr. Harper] ; and Robie and I also offer our most 
 dutiful respects to you and mother, and am," &c. 
 
 Robert Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 " Paris, June 19. 1749. 
 
 " Dear Brother, After our departure from Rouen, 
 the Chevalier [Mr. Scott], and I had a very agreeable 
 journey abstracting from [it] the night we passed in 
 the great galliot, which, indeed, I own was one of the 
 most disagreeable I ever spent, the boat being entirely 
 crowded, and the greatest part of which consisting in 
 women and children. I was not altogether without in- 
 quietude on the Chevalier's account, as he passed the 
 whole time in bitter reflections ; and, indeed, I may say 
 so from beginning to end of our journey. You cannot 
 imagine the situation he is in on our clothes not being 
 arrived, which really in itself is provoking ; however I 
 am hopeful, in consequence of the letter he wrote you
 
 1749.] IX PARIS. 127 
 
 yesterday, we'll have them soon. I find I must in some 
 measure suspend my curiosity in seeing Paris, as we 
 proposed, and take it by degrees, when I shall have more 
 convenience. If your intended journey continues, as I 
 Heartily wish it may, I shall not only profit in that, but 
 likeAvise have the pleasure of seeing you here. 
 
 " Yesterday, we dined at the Scots' College, where we 
 passed the greatest part of the evening in seeing the few 
 curiosities there. We conversed with Mr. Innes seriously 
 on what you know is of some importance to you ; but 
 he no less so declared his ignorance with regard to the 
 Court's proceedings in the whole affair. According to 
 the arrangement of the present List, it is not without sur- 
 prise that one can look on it, who judges of things in an 
 impartial light ; but what their future intentions are is, 
 so far as we can learn, a secret from all the world but 
 themselves. Mr. Innes paid me the money, for which I 
 gave him the receipt ; and, believe me, he's no less con- 
 cerned on your account than your nearest friends would 
 be : you may be sure, however soon he can learn any- 
 thing, he will not fail to impart it. I shall, for your 
 satisfaction, subjoin a copy of the List, which Mr. Innes 
 gave us. 
 
 " I was this day favoured with the receipt of yours, 
 with Mr. Hay's enclosed, who informs me that, upon en- 
 quiry at Ogilvy, he could learn nothing with regard to 
 our small bundles ; but Mr. Innes told me of a letter he 
 had from Buologne, which, he says, mentions some things 
 of that nature directed to his care from thence, which 
 he expects in a few days, it would seem they have come 
 by some passenger on board Ogilvy. As to what you 
 mention with regard to Mr. Daniel, you may be sure a 
 thing of that nature, if I find I am capable to undertake 
 it, will not be wanting ; however, of this we shall here-
 
 128 
 
 ANDREW LUMISDEN 
 
 [1749. 
 
 after talk of at meeting. I have proposed to the Chevalier 
 to visit his brother, but find him prodigiously lazy to 
 walk any length ; and, as I am altogether a stranger to 
 him, I will probably refer that visit till your arrival here, 
 if I get no proper person to introduce me there. As yet^ 
 I have received no letters from Edinburgh ; but however 
 soon, you may be sure I will impart them to you. I beg 
 you may visit Mr. Descamps, and tell him I will write 
 him when I am some few days settled with Le Bas, where 
 I believe I shall dine for the first time to-morrow. I 
 offer my compliments in general to all my good friends 
 and acquaintances, and ever am, 
 
 " Dr. Andrew, your most affectionate brother, 
 
 " ROBERT STRANGE." 
 
 The French Gratification List. 
 
 Lord Nairn 
 Glenbucket - 
 Clanronald 
 Glengarry, Elder 
 Oliphant, Elder 
 Oliphant, Junior 
 Pattullo 
 
 Livres. | 
 
 2400 
 
 Hallhead 
 
 2000 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 1800 
 
 Cowbardie 
 
 1800 
 
 Lumsden 
 
 1200 
 
 Adam Tait 
 
 1000 
 
 R. Nairn 
 
 1000 
 
 
 14600 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mrs. Strange. 
 
 " Rouen, June 27. 1749. 
 
 " With the greatest pleasure I read yours, since I 
 thereby learn that you and the bonny baby are well, 
 and I am glad you find no inconveniency from nursing. 
 I transmitted your letter to Robie, who I suppose will 
 write you by this very post. He and Mr. Scot left this 
 about twelve days ago ; so I am now alone, and would
 
 1749.] TO HIS FATHER. 129 
 
 pass a very dreary time was it not for the friendship I 
 received from Mr. Daniel, and his good house. I need 
 not repeat what I have wrote to my uncle about my fine 
 trip to the Jubilee of 1750 ; great are the advantages 
 which will arise from this journey, but it depends 
 entirely on my uncle whether I can profit of them or 
 not.* What I beg of you is, to put my uncle in mind 
 of the necessity of writing by course, and remitting the 
 money; otherwise, the wish of my whole life will be lost. 
 I flatter myself my uncle will have no difficulty in re- 
 mitting the 40/., so much time being elapsed since I 
 received any. I know I'll have great difficulty to make 
 that sum answer ; but I choose rather to want several 
 necessaries than straiten him. 
 
 " The magazines, &c., have not yet come to hand. As 
 to the proclamations, &c., they are not all in the maga- 
 zine ; please send them by first opportunity. My dear 
 Robie and I keep close correspondence ; so what is wrote 
 to the one is the same to the other. He has kept his 
 health perfectly well here, and I trust in God he'll do 
 the same at Paris ; and, tho* he applies close to business, 
 he will have every day a little exercise in walking to and 
 from the Academy, which is at a considerable distance 
 from his lodgings. I am greatly obliged to my good 
 friend, Mr. Smyth to whom I offer my best wishes. 
 Remember me to all my other acquaintances." 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 " Rouen, June 27. 1749. 
 
 " I heartily thank you for yours of 29th May. It has 
 relieved me the uneasiness your long silence occasioned. 
 But am concerned to see that nothing can be done for 
 
 * This refers to the immediately following letter, of same date, to 
 his father, as usual under the name of uncle. 
 VOL. I. K
 
 130 LUMISDEN'S PLAN OF [1749. 
 
 me, at least soon, in the way of trade, so for some time 
 shall suspend all thoughts of it. It gives me, however, 
 a very sensible pleasure, to think that, since I have done 
 all in my power to be usefully employed, the world can't 
 reflect on my not being so. 
 
 " Since the scheme of trade has failed, a most kind 
 offer has been made me, and, which I hope you'll have no 
 difficulty in allowing me to embrace, an offer so very 
 uncommon that you might justly look on it as romantic, 
 did not my worthy friend Mr. Smyth fully know the 
 generous, humane disposition of Mr. Daniel who makes 
 it. This gentleman goes to Rome in the end of August, 
 about some business of his own, and of some friends in 
 this country with whom he is connected, and offers to 
 carry me alongst with him, and defray the whole ex- 
 pense of the journey. I can't but look on this as the 
 most fortunate thing that could have thrown up in 
 my present situation, as it gives me an opportunity of 
 seeing what I so much wished for my Cousin, who I am 
 fully persuaded will do something himself, or at least 
 will give me such recommendations, as will induce his 
 correspondent in this country to do something for me. 
 If my Cousin desire me to assist in his counting-room, 
 Mr. Daniel consents to leave me ; but if he does not 
 choose to have his relations about him, lie undertakes to 
 bring me free back to France. Can anything be more 
 generous than such an offer, and especially as my friend 
 has no view of any return, but the pleasure of serving 
 one who he is pleased to think endeavoured to serve his 
 country, and is virtuous. And though my Cousin should 
 do nothing for me (that can't be supposed), yet I see 
 great advantages in making this journey : first, my par- 
 ticular satisfaction and curiosity in seeing the once me- 
 tropolis of the world, and which, as the seat of the fine
 
 1749.] GOING TO ROME. 131 
 
 arts, still" claims that title ; and in the next place, as I 
 have not given over thoughts of travelling with some 
 person of fortune, it would be no small recommendation 
 my having made a Roman journey. I could mention a 
 variety of considerations to induce you to consent to my 
 accepting of the most advantageous offer ever was made 
 me ; but the thing is so plain in itself, that you might con- 
 sider it as an affront on your judgement to say more on 
 this head. 
 
 " You are pleased to advise me that you'll remit as 
 much money as will not only pay my debt, but subsist 
 me for half a year. I therefore beg leave to inform you 
 that my debt amounted to 411., but within these eight 
 days is reduced to 15/., having just got a present of 600 
 livres, which is about 261., in pursuance of my journey 
 in January last.* I can't say but I was surprised to see 
 one so rich, and [who] pretended so great friendship, offer 
 me, in my particular situation, such a trifle, and especially 
 as he does not engage to give it annually ; but shall not 
 trouble you at present with any reflections till I can say 
 something with greater certainty on this article, though 
 I have too good reason to fear that there is no more to 
 be expected from that quarter. Now, though Mr. 
 Daniel defrays the expense of my journey, yet I can't 
 undertake it without first paying the 15/. I owe, and, in 
 the next place, clothing myself decently, which, from my 
 great want of necessaries, I can't possibly do for less than 
 181., and I flatter myself you'll not think it unreasonable 
 for me to have about 71. in my pocket, whatever accident 
 may happen me on so long a journey. Thus you see 
 401. will just do my business, and less will not. If I am 
 
 * The first payment of his French gratification, drawn for him by 
 Mr. Strange at Paris, and which was continued annually.
 
 132 LUMISDEN GOES [1749. 
 
 not allowed to undertake the journey, this sum will not be 
 sufficient, for I can't go to any place in the country to live 
 half a year on 11., and the 15/. and 181. must necessarily 
 be expended before I leave Rouen. But if you agree to 
 the journey, you'll not only write me in course, but re- 
 mit the money ; because, from your silence, Mr. Daniel 
 will conclude you will not allow me to go, and perhaps 
 turn his views a different way, and thus I will lose an 
 opportunity that will never again occur to me. I dare 
 say you laid your account with my asking a greater sum, 
 and therefore will have no difficulty in remitting the 
 40?., which please do by London, as I fully wrote you 
 in my letter of March llth, and which is by much 
 the most advantageous method. I doubt not but if you 
 would represent my present necessity to [cousins] Berry 
 and Thomas [Lumisden], they would assist me. However, 
 I leave this and everything else to your better judgement. 
 
 " In expectation of your favorable return, I am applying 
 hard to Italian, that I may know a little of the language 
 before I go to Italy. Please write me a particular ac- 
 count of the relation betwixt the Baron of Tranent and 
 you ; for perhaps the old gentleman will shew me parti- 
 cular civilities on that account. I am sorry I neglected 
 to send the declaration of marriage with Mr. Smyth, but 
 shall do it by first opportunity. My most affectionate 
 wishes to my dear mother, and ever am," &c. 
 
 " If at any time you want to have a particular account 
 how I spend my money, I can easily do it, as I keep a 
 regular account of every farthing I lay out." 
 
 Although it does not appear what answer this 
 letter obtained from a parent of strong will and un- 
 lovable nature, by whom its dutiful expressions were
 
 1750.] TO EOME. 133 
 
 but ill appreciated, nor in what manner the jour- 
 ney thus proposed was accomplished, Mr. Lumisden 
 certainly reached Rome before the end of 1749, in 
 company with Mr. Edward Daniel, who had held a 
 captain's commission in the Rebellion. The project 
 was prudently conceived, at a moment when the 
 Scottish exiles had, by the Prince's wilful conduct, 
 seen their cause discredited in France, and, by his 
 undignified expulsion from that country, following 
 upon the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, had lost all 
 immediate chance of retrieving their fortunes by 
 another venture. The small allowance from the 
 Gratification Fund falling to his share, left Mr. 
 Lumisden still dependent on aid which his father 
 was unable or unwilling to afford, in a country 
 where living became yearly more expensive. At 
 Rome he might render himself useful to the family 
 who claimed his allegiance, and possibly might par- 
 ticipate in their bounty : at all events, he would find 
 a residence better furnished with intellectual re- 
 sources, and where physical enjoyments could be 
 had on easier terms. In February, 1750, his sister 
 thus acknowledges his first letter from the eternal 
 city : 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 " Edinburgh, Feby. 16. 1750. 
 
 "My dear Andrew, Nothing but seeing you could 
 make me happier than I was on hearing of your safe 
 
 K 3
 
 134 MRS. STRANGE [1750. 
 
 arrival in Rome. May Almighty God ever preserve you 
 in time to come, as you have been by Providence taken 
 care of in time past ! and the only way to procure that 
 care is diligently to seek it, which I rejoice to think was 
 always your daily study. You have had a great deal of 
 time to reflect, and find that the ways of virtue are 
 pleasant ways, and all her paths are peace : there's none 
 on earth so much need our pity as the wretch that hath 
 no delightful relish for virtue ; there's no place or state 
 of life can make us unhappy while we retain our virtue, 
 peace of mind, and a quiet conscience. That Heaven 
 may continue all those valuable blessings to you shall 
 always be my fervent prayer. 
 
 " My dear, I look upon your annexing always a line to 
 me as a great favour, and shall ever be so mindful of it 
 that I'm never resolved to slip an opportunity of making 
 you a return. Dear Andrew, nothing could be more 
 agreeable to me than hearing of the love and friendship 
 that has subsisted betwixt my dear Robie and you ; your 
 love and good opinion of him first laid the foundation 
 on which I have built my unalterable esteem. I'm more 
 happy in thinking he has kept your regard, and acquired 
 the friendship of others, than I would have been with 
 most of the young men of the present age, with their 
 large sums and little sense ; such, instead of being for- 
 tunes, I always looked upon them as misfortunes. I 
 thank God I have escap'd such, and am happy with my 
 lot. I am extremely glad he has prevailed on you to 
 get your picture ; I trust in God to see it compared with 
 the original. Lord send you all your wishes as much 
 gratified, as you have had your desire after travelling 
 satisfied ; having seen Rome, and the Jubilee too, you'll 
 be (like the old maids after marriage, at your wit's end) 
 content, and think you have seen enough ; but that I will
 
 1750.] TO HER BROTHER. 135 
 
 not be till I see you again in the Land of Cakes and 
 have a jubilee of my own. I have never shook a foot 
 since you saw me, nor been in any public place what- 
 ever. For all that, I hope my dancing days are not 
 done ; Heaven forbid they end so ! I yet hope to have 
 broad-swords, guns, and papers under you ; the happy 
 time when I was your deput' I will never forget. 
 
 " My dear little Mary Bruce is as thriving an infant 
 as ever was seen : she can stand at my foot and take 
 out the pap, and suck ; but that pleasure she's soon to 
 be deprived of, perhaps ere this letter takes its journey. 
 Indeed, I must not neglect to tell you, that I have taken 
 great care of her education : for example, whenever she 
 hears the word Whig mentioned, she girns and makes 
 faces that would frighten a beau, but when I name the 
 Prince, she kisses me and looks at her picture, and greets 
 you well for sending the pretty gum-flower ; I intend 
 she shall wear it at the Coronation, such is the value I 
 have for it, as 'tis a mark of your remembering my 
 foster. 
 
 " I flatter myself that you'll let my dearest Robie hear 
 frequently from you, and he will be so good, I'm sure, as 
 communicate the same to me. As I would fain hope his 
 stay will not be long in France, I beg you and he may 
 consert how we shall send your letters from this place. 
 All your good friends here are well ; Sir Stewart and 
 Mr. Hamilton offer their compliments to you, as I do 
 sincerely to Mr. Chalmers, Mr. Alexander, and my honest 
 friend Mr. Scot : tell him I am glad to hear he is in so 
 
 good company, for as the greatest w e in Rome is a 
 
 very old creature, I think he'll be in no danger that way ; 
 I expect some of these days to hear of his being a holy 
 father, such is my good opinion of him. It gives me 
 vast pleasure to hear that my two brother-pencilers are 
 
 K 4
 
 136 LTJMISDEN MADE [1751. 
 
 making such great progress as you inform me of; I 
 assure you I publish their fame where'er I go : their 
 friends are all well, and thank you for mentioning 
 them with such honour. My bonny little pet is perfect 
 well ; I weaned her on the 5th current. Sir Stewart 
 longs much to hear from you ; he expects a letter 
 every post. I ever am, 
 
 " My dear A., 
 " Your most affectionate sister, 
 
 " ISABELLA STRANGE. 
 
 "P. S. My dear, when you have a fit opportunity I 
 think you should write a few lines to cousin Berry and 
 cousin Thomas. Also remember J. Goodwille ; thank 
 him for your name-son, and tell him you hope to put a 
 blue bonnet on his head, and a broad sword in his hand, 
 &c. : I assure you my papa and my dear mama has been 
 very kind to them. I have sent you three magazines and 
 a curious speech. I have taken a very pretty genteel 
 house at the Cross, in that land where Sandy Stevenson 
 has his shop ; 'tis the third story : an easy scaled stair ; 
 looks very low from the street. I design to make more 
 than the rent, of my five large windows at the Restora- 
 tion, tho' it [is] fourteen pounds and a crown." 
 
 In proceeeding to Italy, Mr. Lumisden was no 
 doubt influenced, not only by the apparent hopeless- 
 ness of his plans for a mercantile establishment, but 
 by a wish to connect himself with the tiny court 
 over which the Chevalier de St. George presided at 
 Rome, with the empty titles of an ideal sovereignty. 
 Before he had been there a year, he received his 
 father's warm approval of an honourable appoint-
 
 1751.] UXDEE-SECRETARY. 137 
 
 ment in the Stuart household, to which he thus 
 refers in writing to Mr. Drammond of Calander, 
 early in 1751 : "Allow me, my dear sir, to thank 
 you for your congratulation on a subject wherein I 
 have reason to congratulate myself. I am extremely 
 sensible of my own unfitness to serve so good and so 
 gracious a master ; fidelity and attention must make 
 up my want of abilities." The charge thus committed 
 to him was that of assistant-secretary under Mr. 
 John Edgar, with a salary which, though small, 
 sufficed, with his French pension, to save him from 
 actual want.
 
 138 COURT OF THE [1751. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 THE CHEVALIER'S COURT AHD HOUSEHOLD. MR. LUMISDEN'S 
 DUTIES, RESOURCES, AND RELAXATIONS. DEATH OF HIS FATHER 
 AND MOTHER. 
 
 LEAVING Mr. Strange to pursue his studies at Paris, 
 we shall devote the next three chapters chiefly to 
 Mr. Lumisden's residence in Rome, until the death 
 of his new master sixteen years later, and thereafter 
 shall resume our narrative of the engraver's life. 
 
 The Chevalier de St. George was then in his 
 sixty-second year, and had been a widower since 
 1735. Scandal, which made free with his reputa- 
 tion during married life, spared it after the death of 
 Maria Clementina. His own conduct was that of 
 an easy, good-natured man, regular and devout in 
 his habits, and indulging in few ambitious visions. 
 His residence in Rome had long been the Muti 
 Palace, at the north end of the piazza of the Santis- 
 simi Apostoli, varied by a few weeks spent each May 
 and October in his handsome villa at Frascati. The 
 honours of royalty were extended to him by the 
 Papal Court, but indifferently paid by the inhabi- 
 tants, to whom his tall, awkward figure, his melan-
 
 1751.] CHEVALIER DE ST. GEORGE. 139 
 
 choly aspect, and the simplicity of his living, were 
 no recommendation. In 1756 his household is said 
 to have consisted of forty persons, and he generally 
 went out with three coaches, most of his attendants 
 being Italians. Of the means at his command for 
 its maintenance, and for aiding the adherents of his 
 house, we have very conflicting estimates, quoted by 
 his most recent biographers, without any attempt to 
 reconcile their contradictions or ascertain the truth.* 
 It would seem that, previous to the Rising of 1745, 
 he had made considerable savings, which then 
 disappeared. Mr. Lumisden incidentally mentions 
 that the King was never more straitened for money 
 than at the moment when, " touched with my cir- 
 cumstances, and judging that I might be of use to 
 him here, he was graciously pleased to desire me to 
 continue in his family, and ordered me a small addi- 
 tional sum to enable me to live." 
 
 He also tells us that the English gentlemen whom 
 he found in attendance were six in number. 1. The 
 titular Lord Lismore, whose wife, " a fair daughter 
 of Eve," resided in France, and who died in 1757. 
 He was principal secretary to the Chevalier. 2. Mr. 
 James Edgar, acting-secretary, who managed the 
 more important correspondence until his death in 
 
 * See Klose's Memoirs of Prince Charles, voL i. p. 92. ; Jesse's 
 Memoirs of the Pretenders, vol. i. pp. 75-6. The latter gives some 
 contemporary sketches of the Muti court in 174056.
 
 140 LUMISDEN'S DUTIES [1751. 
 
 1762, when that was devolved upon Mr. Lumisden. 
 He was brother of the Laird of Keithock in Forfar- 
 shire. 3. Mr. Lumisden. 4. Mr. Guthrie. 5. Dr. 
 Irvine, who died in 1759. 6. Dr. Wright, who soon 
 after shared the like fate. We find also notices of 
 other inmates of the household: Abbe Wood, who 
 died in 1755; Mr. Keating, in 1763; and Mr. Dormer 
 in the following year. Sir John Constable was 
 major-domo ; the Rev. Mr. Wagstaffe Protestant 
 chaplain, until his death in 1770. Lord Lismore 
 was succeeded in 1759 as principal secretary by Sir 
 John Graeme, created on that occasion Earl of 
 Alford, who retired to Paris in 1763, on account of 
 age and infirmities, when Mr. Lumisden became 
 sole secretary. Dr. Wright was replaced, as prin- 
 cipal physician, by Dr. James Murray, "the little 
 man," who remained until the Chevalier's death in 
 1766. 
 
 On assuming his duties as under-secretary, Mr. 
 Lumisden commenced a series of octavo letter-books, 
 which are extant for the years 1751 to 1773 in- 
 clusive, and in which a copy of every letter is 
 methodically entered in a hand of great neatness. 
 The slip for 1751 consists of only sixteen leaves; but 
 the succeeding ones increase in bulk, especially 
 after he had succeeded to Mr. Edgar's post. That 
 for 1766 includes two hundred leaves, and on his 
 departure from Rome their size greatly diminishes.
 
 1751.] AS UNDER-SECRETARY. 141 
 
 His duties during Mr. Edgar's life were in no 
 way burdensome, letters on political business not 
 forming a tithe of his by no means voluminous 
 correspondence. The others may be considered as 
 private, containing occasional notices of new books and 
 pamphlets published in Italy; but are chiefly filled 
 with commissions, important or trifling, undertaken 
 for friends, and with requests of a similar sort to his 
 correspondents at home or in Paris. * Those who 
 regard the Stuart Court as a hot-bed of intrigue, 
 and its inmates as desperate adventurers, would be 
 surprised at the general absence of politics and 
 negotiation from these letter-books, and their con- 
 sequent want of public interest. Sir Thomas Strange 
 has accounted for this by the writer's characteristic 
 prudence, and unwillingness to risk compromise of 
 the cause or its adherents ; conceiving that whatever 
 
 * The Chevalier de St. George, in all letters likely to be inter- 
 cepted by British officials, is designed as " cousin " or " friend," 
 while spoken of as " the King " on other occasions, and as " Mr. 
 Orry " in writing to the Prince. " Trade " or " merchandise " is 
 the disguised phrase for Jacobite politics. By the refugees in France 
 Charles Edward was usually spoken of as " Burton ; " but about 
 1764-5 he is occasionally alluded to from Paris under the name of 
 " Baron." Mr. Lumisden's letters to him were addressed as " Mr. J. 
 Douglas," and forwarded through Waters, the Parisian banker ; but 
 after his father's death he is sometimes mentioned as " Mr. Ford." 
 In like manner, Lord Blantyre passed as " Mr. Goodwin," Lord 
 Alford as " Mr. Blunt," and the titular Earl of Inverness as " Mr. 
 Campbell." Mr. Lumisden's home correspondence came to him 
 under the names of "Manson," " Andrew Bruce," or " Brown."
 
 142 LUMISDEN'S DUTIES [1751. 
 
 had such a tendency must have been suppressed. 
 There is, however, no appearance of the slips 
 having been so tampered with, nor any trace of a 
 simultaneous but separate series of poltical des- 
 patches; and as letters are addressed to known 
 agents, and to many of the active members of 
 the party, with occasional allusions to its position 
 and prospects, I am rather inclined to believe that 
 during Mr. Lumisden's service the smouldering fires 
 which had burst forth in 1745 were almost extinct, 
 and that the weakness of its rivals had already given 
 to the reigning dynasty that invulnerable security 
 which it ultimately owed to the spontaneous loyalty 
 of a united people. 
 
 Mr. Lumisden's character and qualifications were 
 singularly adapted for his situation, and may be 
 traced in his precise style and beautiful penmanship. 
 Profiting by opportunities since his exile, we find 
 him soon master of the French and Italian idioms, 
 in which his correspondence was occasionally con- 
 ducted. A frequent duty, performed with un- 
 wearied courtesy, was to deal with applications from 
 fellow-sufferers in the Jacobite cause for direct 
 pecuniary aid, or for recommendations to the patron- 
 age of foreign courts. Since the Prince had sacri- 
 ficed his position, numerous refugees scattered over 
 Western Europe brought their petitions to Rome, 
 and found in James a not unwilling almoner to the
 
 1751.] AS UNDER-SECRETARY. 143 
 
 extent of his restricted means. But so small were 
 these, compared with the demands which any ap- 
 proach to a lavish supply would have encouraged, 
 that the great object was, even while granting, to 
 seem to withhold to give sparingly, yet with a good 
 grace. Nothing could exceed the happy tact with 
 which Mr. Lumisden acquitted himself of this 
 delicate charge, saving at once his master's purse 
 and the applicant's feelings ; but it would be difficult 
 to conceive a sadder task for one who bitterly knew 
 how much the exiles had sacrificed to so little 
 purpose. 
 
 Mr. Lumisden's monthly allowance as under- 
 secretary was ten Roman crowns (about 27.) ; sub- 
 sequently increased to 200 crowns a year, he finding 
 board and lodging : a sum which, added to his irregu- 
 larly paid French pension of 600 francs, and to an 
 occasional remittance from Scotland, rendered him 
 tolerably independent as regarded comforts and ap- 
 pearance, but left little for luxuries or intellectual 
 gratifications. There were, however, other circum- 
 stances of annoyance. The circle at the Muti Pa- 
 lace appears to have rarely mingled in the society 
 of Rome, where possibly the adherence of Mr. 
 Lumisden and others to the Protestant Church may 
 have been unfavourably regarded. Few British tra- 
 vellers ventured into contact with men whom most 
 of them regarded as rebels; and even strangers
 
 144 LUMISDEN'S POSITION. [1751. 
 
 recommended to him by letter not unfrequently left 
 him unvisited. Thus, generally in town, and still 
 more during the Chevalier's residence at Albano, for 
 two months in spring and as much late in autumn, his 
 household were thrown much upon their own re- 
 sources. Secretary of a crownless king inmate of 
 a shadowy court Mr. Lumisden had no protocols to 
 dictate, no cabals to conduct; but, formal and un- 
 impassioned, he readily accommodated himself to a 
 life of monotony and ennui. His patient pen was 
 equally at home in commissioning tea, sugar, and 
 shirts, or in addressing remonstrances to Lord Blan- 
 tyre on the self-abandoned lapses of Prince Charles. 
 Sustained by an unquestioning adherence to what 
 he considered the cause of justice and the post of 
 honour, rather than by any tangible ground for hopes 
 so long deferred, he resigned himself uncomplain- 
 ingly to a sacrifice of all his worldly prospects, seek- 
 ing consolation in books and in the memorials of the 
 mighty dead, which a protracted residence in Rome 
 and its neighbourhood rendered familiar to him. 
 A man of genius, enthusiasm, or taste would, how- 
 ever, have made far more of his position. The 
 history, antiquities, and arts of Italy were a soil 
 unexhausted by natives unoccupied by strangers. 
 Through his master's influence, libraries, archives, 
 and galleries, the muniments as well as the monu- 
 ments of Rome, would have been patent to his
 
 1752.] LUMISDEN'S POSITION. 145 
 
 researches. But, devoid of ambition and originality, 
 he was usually content to gather and peruse the 
 works of others, chiefly his contemporaries, in an age 
 when most authors were satisfied to follow beaten 
 tracks in monotonous routine. 
 
 It is from his letters to his father and to Lord 
 George Murray that we chiefly obtain indications of 
 his studies ; and we may smile at this sentence from 
 the pen of one whose claim to literary reputation 
 rests upon eventual labours in the very field from 
 which he shrinks. " To write on the antiquities of 
 Rome is a work for volumes not for letters ; and 
 after the writings of so many learned men, I should 
 tremble to risque any of my poor thoughts on these 
 subjects, and especially to have them canvassed 
 by so discerning a judge as your Lordship, who ex- 
 amined these things with so much care and taste. 
 But, as I believe your Lordship was not at Naples, I 
 could send you the copy of a letter I wrote from 
 thence last year concerning Herculaneum, did I not 
 think that you may already have seen some accounts 
 of that remarkable discovery." In the following 
 year (1752) he thus returns to the subject: " How 
 happy would I be could I contribute in the least to 
 your Lordship's entertainment or pleasure. I may 
 often want the ability but never the inclination. 
 For some time after I came to this country, I 
 applied a good deal to the study of antiquities, of 
 
 VOL. i. L
 
 146 LUMISDEN'S STUDIES. [1752. 
 
 which there is here so ample a field; but observing 
 the uncertainty that attends that study, and of how 
 little use it is to society in general, I have in a great 
 measure lay'd it aside. It must be allowed, however, 
 that this study is very agreeable, especially to one 
 who loves classical learning, as nothing clears up its 
 obscurities so much as ancient monuments. * 
 To show how willingly I obey your commands, I 
 send you inclosed an account I wrote last spring, at 
 the desire of a friend, of Ovid's tomb a piece of 
 antiquity I find not very generally visited by 
 strangers. If this amuses you, which I dare not 
 hope it will, I shall now and then transmit to you 
 some other trifles of this kind." In order to vary his 
 subjects, we find him compiling an account of Cola 
 di Rienzi, a dissertation on agriculture in the Vene- 
 tian state, and a paper for the " Edinburgh Critical 
 Review " on the Vatican Library. The two follow- 
 ing letters touch upon a new field, and seem to mark 
 the aspirations of an embryo "statesman ; a third to 
 Father O'Kelly indicates considerable acquaintance 
 with a neglected branch of his country's antiquities. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 "July, 25. 1752. 
 
 " I received, my dear cousin, in due time your letter 
 of 21st May, and delivered the one for Mr. Douglas, 
 whose return is here enclosed. Accept of my poor 
 thanks for the trouble you are at in sending me the
 
 1752.] LUMISDEN'S STUDIES. 147 
 
 Magazines; they are a feast here. As I have nothing 
 at present worth communicating to you, perhaps you 
 will not be disatisfied to know how I spend my time. I 
 have been for some months employed in examining 
 Rymer's Foedera, which I have just finished, and have 
 made an index to that great work for my own particular 
 use. This in general was a very dull labour, but I have 
 picked up several curious particulars which were new to 
 me. I am since embarked in a more considerable work, 
 published seven years ago in Holland, entitled 'Corps 
 Universal Diplomatique du Droit des Gens,' being a 
 collection of all the treaties of peace, alliance, marriage, 
 &c., between the princes of Europe, from Charlemagne 
 to the time of publishing the book by Mr. Dumont. The 
 reading of these deeds, though absolutely necessary to 
 persons employed in public affairs, is even proper for 
 every one who wants to form a just idea of the history of 
 Europe, or the interest of its different states : and how 
 many mistakes have historians fallen into for not having 
 examined these treaties ? Their number indeed is a 
 severe satyr against princes, who observe them no longer 
 than suits with their interest, according to an observation 
 of Erasmus, ' utcumque se res inclinant, ita ambulant 
 foedera.' Thus do I employ myself. But how happy 
 would I be to be present with you, and to profit of your 
 remarks upon these and many other things. I reckon 
 you now enjoy the company of Bella ; I hope one day 
 we shall all be merry together. In the meantime this line 
 conveys to you, my aunt and sister, my pious wishes, and 
 all that is most affectionate." 
 
 L 2
 
 148 LUMISDEN'S STUDIES. [1752. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 "Nov. 21. 1752. 
 
 " Since my letter to you of the 17th Oct., I am happy 
 in reading yours of 24th August. The satisfaction to 
 hear of your and my uncle's good health can only be 
 equalled by the pleasure of seeing you. As I seldom 
 converse with any one but with my valuable friend Mr. 
 Edgar, I should be very miserable did I not consume the 
 remainder of my time in study ; and how agreeable is it 
 to me to think that they are such studies as my uncle 
 approves of. Having sometime ago read M. de la 
 Boderie's Embassy in England in the time of King James 
 the Sixth, I have been induced for several reasons to 
 send my uncle the enclosed account of the work. It will 
 give him an idea of that curious book, which, as it is but 
 lately published, perhaps is not yet known in Scotland. 
 It will shew him my method of reading ; it will afford 
 him an opportunity to give me his opinion on the remarks 
 I have made, and on the language in which they are con- 
 veyed. At present I am reading the second volume of 
 Mr. Carte's History of England : I should have expected 
 from him more exactness and candour with relation to 
 the affairs of Scotland, and should be glad to know if 
 any one is writing remarks on that part of his work. I 
 heartily thank you for the account you give me of Mr. 
 Goodall's History of Queen Mary ; when it is published, 
 I beg you'll send me two copies : one of them is for my 
 spiritual guide [the Rev. Mr. Wagstaffe], who is a great 
 antiquary, and fond of performances of that kind ; as I 
 lie under many obligations to him, I should be sorry to 
 disappoint him of a copy ; he proposes to pay for it, but 
 I would rather make him a present of it, if it is not a 
 very great price."
 
 1757.] LUMISDEN'S STUDIES. 149 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Father O 1 Kelly. 
 
 " Augt. 31st. 1757. 
 
 " Having read the Memorial addressed to you by the 
 learned annalists of your Order, it would be a great 
 pleasure to me, could I contribute to procure them ma- 
 terials to illustrate that part of their work that relates 
 to Scotland. At this distance from home, and unpro- 
 vided with proper books, I can give them little assist- 
 ance ; I shall however point out to them whatever occurs 
 to me at present on the subject, and which you may 
 communicate to them. 
 
 " It seems St. Dominick had his Order introduced 
 into Scotland in his own lifetime, by Alexander the 
 Second, as appears from Bishop Lesley's Life of that 
 King, in his book ' De origine, moribus, et rebus 
 gestis Scotorum.' As the greatest part of the records 
 belonging to the religious houses in Scotland, were de- 
 stroyed or lost at the Reformation, it is, I am afraid, 
 now impossible to give a connected account of its 
 monastic history. Such of the Chartularies, that escaped 
 popular rage, are generally of Cathedrals or great ab- 
 bacies ; and either the originals, or authentic copies of 
 most of them, are to be found in the noble library of the 
 Advocates of Edinburgh, for none of them have as yet 
 been printed. The ecclesiastical history of Scotland has 
 been much neglected by our writers ; more anxious to 
 preserve the civil than religious transactions of their 
 country, they generally give us but imperfect accounts 
 of the latter, unless when they happen to be closely con- 
 nected with the former. I do not know of any particular 
 history of the Church of Scotland, prior to the Reforma- 
 tion and what we have since, such as Spottiswood, 
 Calderwood, Keith, &c., are chiefly accounts of what
 
 150 LUMISDEN'S STUDIES. [1757. 
 
 happened at or after that era. The late Mr. Thomas 
 Innes, mentioned by Father Echard, and author of the 
 Critical Essay on the Ancient Inhabitants of Scotland, 
 began a large work, entitled, ' Chronological Memoirs 
 of the Ecclesiastical History of Scotland,' but death pre- 
 vented his finishing it. He completed the two first 
 Books, and brings it down to A.D. 600 ; but how far he 
 proceeded with the remainder of the work I cannot say. 
 His MSS. are all preserved in the Scots College at 
 Paris. Mr. Gordon, Principal of that College, is the 
 only person that can communicate to your friends such 
 papers as relate to their subject as may be found amongst 
 Mr. Innes's MSS. 
 
 " Father Haye, a Jesuit, undertook to write a Monasti- 
 con of Scotland, but did not live to complete it. He had 
 collected a vast quantity of materials for his work, 
 which were purchased by the Advocates of Edinburgh, 
 and are now preserved in their library. It is from this 
 collection that there is reason to expect any satisfactory 
 account of the foundation and progress of the houses of 
 your Order in Scotland. Mr. Walter Goodhall of that 
 library, and author of the ' History of Queen Mary,' 
 is the properest person to procure copies to be taken of 
 such of F. Haye's papers as relate to the same sub- 
 ject, and may probably give some additional information 
 of his own. If, therefore, your friends will write letters 
 (no matter in what language) to these gentlemen, and 
 explain to them what they desire to be informed of, I 
 shall transmit them to them. Some materials perhaps 
 may be picked up from the following books, viz., Dr. 
 Mackenzie's Lives of the Scots Writers ; Bishop Nicol- 
 son's Scots Historical Library ; Anderson's Charters and 
 Coins of Scotland, published by M. Ruddiman ; Mait- 
 land's Antiquities of Scotland, and his History of Edin-
 
 17535.] LUMISDEN'S AMUSEMENTS. 151 
 
 burgh, which I have not yet seen, being but lately 
 published. I wish your learned friends all success in 
 their historical inquiries, and ever am, with equal re- 
 gard and esteem, Reverend Father, &c. " * 
 
 Mr. Lumisden had carried abroad with him his 
 national love for field sports ; and sought from these 
 occasional solace in his exile. " Last week [Jan. 
 1753] we were four days at Montefortino, with an 
 intention to hunt; but as we had not above five 
 hours of fair weather, we did little execution: we 
 killed only about a dozen of partridges and two 
 hares. The company consisted of Messrs, Edgar, 
 Trante, Bulstrode, Sullivan, Abbe Wood, and your 
 humble servant. This place belongs to the family 
 of Borghese, and the game is preserved. You may 
 be sure that the magnificent Princess would not 
 allow us to starve at a house belonging to her. We 
 went out in her chaises, and were attended by her 
 huntsmen. Had the weather been favourable, the 
 
 * By the liberality and zeal of the Bannatyne and Maitland 
 Clubs, and of their individual members, most of the chartularies 
 alluded to in this letter are now printed, and the collections of Innes 
 and Hay, as well as those of George Chalmers and General Button, 
 so far as preserved in the Advocates Library, have been freely 
 drawn upon by many recent antiquarian writers and editors. A 
 Monasticon Scoticanum is, however, still wanting ; and I fear that 
 the materials yet recoverable for such an undertaking are by no 
 means ample. Some years ago, I found in tlie Scotch Convent at 
 Ratisbon a mass of crude collections on the subject, made there last 
 century by Father Brockie, but they seemed deficient in local details, 
 and of little interest. 
 
 L 4
 
 152 LUMISDEN'S AMUSEMENTS. [17535. 
 
 slain would have been innumerable. Montefortino 
 is three miles from Valmontone, and the situation is 
 very remarkable. It is built on a mountain that 
 rises like a sugarloaf ; I believe from the bottom to 
 the top may be a mile and a half; and there are 
 houses to the very summit. The streets seem rather 
 calculated for goats than men ; they are either cut 
 out of the rock in zigzag, or paved with small pieces 
 of white marble. There are about 3000 inhabitants 
 in it." 
 
 Nor were these the only amusements detailed 
 to his more juvenile correspondents. " The inge- 
 nious Abbe Wood died a fortnight ago [June, 1755], 
 after a few days' illness at Frascati, amidst the revel- 
 lings of the Princess Borghese. This lady, always 
 magnificent, has been singularly so this season. Her 
 daughter, the Princess Viaiii, and other persons of 
 the first quality, have acted several times in Voltaire's 
 tragedy of Zayre. Their dresses and decorations of 
 the stage were very elegant. Yiani figured as 
 Zayre ; but the Gabrieli shone in the dance. After 
 the play, the Princess Borghese gave each night a 
 sumptuous supper to 140 people. Saturday and 
 Sunday last we have been entertained with the usual 
 show and fireworks, at presenting the horse from the 
 King of Naples.* The architecture of the machines 
 
 * The annual symbol of homage by that sovereign, as vassal of 
 the Pope : the Farnese palace is still the king's property.
 
 17535*] LUMISDEN'S AMUSEMENTS. 153 
 
 for the fireworks in the Piazza Farnese were much 
 admired, especially the first. It represented a bridge 
 of five arches, 210 palms [170 feet] long, in allusion 
 to the bridge thrown over a branch of the sea to 
 make the great road to Portici. The water was art- 
 fully disposed of under the arches : on the middle 
 arch was raised a noble lodge, which was terminated 
 with a statue of Hercules killing the Hydra. The 
 whole was richly ornamented with statues, bas-reliefs, 
 &c. ; and on the front was the inscription * To 
 Charles, King of the Two Sicilies the improver of 
 the fine arts for the discovery of Herculaneum.' 
 This night [March 6. 1753] ends the Carnival. 
 The second opera at the Argentina has been much 
 admired. The decorations of the dances were very 
 elegant. The first dance represented a Turkish 
 triumph: there appeared on the stage several fine 
 horses, and he that headed the procession beat time 
 to the music. In the second dance was a vast tower 
 full of provisions, drawn by four horses abreast ; and 
 after making several turns round the stage, the pro- 
 visions were abandoned to the mob, in imitation of a 
 custom of the King of Naples in time of the Car- 
 nival. I hope you have amused yourself agreeably 
 at the masquerades. I have taken a greater share 
 than usual in these diversions here, having gone 
 almost every night with Mrs. Swymmer, a lady en- 
 dowed with all the qualities we admire in the fair
 
 154 LUMISDEN'S AMUSEMENTS. [17535. 
 
 sex ; but the fine Scots lasses now at Paris will pre- 
 vent your envying my happiness." Next year he 
 resumes the subject with still greater zest : " Our 
 days of folly are now at an end. You know what a 
 Roman carnival is. Oh quanti mattit Puncinellos, 
 harlequins, Bolognese doctors, Don Quixotes, &c. 
 &c. &c. Cafferelli has sung this season at the Ar- 
 gentina with universal applause : he is by much the 
 best singer I ever heard. In the second opera at 
 that theatre there was a most magnificent ballet. It 
 was a representation of the fable of Cupid and 
 Psyche. The first part of the scene represented a 
 noble wood, with Cupid asleep on a bank. Psyche, 
 desirous to steal a sight of the lovely boy, descends, 
 conducted by Mercury, from heaven on a cloud ; and 
 the nimble messenger, after he cuts some capers, 
 ascends back. The nymph, the better to view her 
 lover, seizes a torch, which happening to touch him, 
 he starts up in confusion and flies away. The dis- 
 consolate Psyche searches for him everywhere ; at 
 last she climbs up some dreadful rocks and preci- 
 pices : when she gets to the top, the whole in an 
 instant disappears, and she drops down before the 
 council of the gods, who generously declare Cupid 
 her husband, and the whole assembly dance for joy. 
 In the second ballet there was a triumphal car with 
 four wheels, loaded with a large band of musicians, 
 drawn by four of the Pope's large white horses
 
 17535.] LUMISDEN'S AMUSEMENTS. 155 
 
 abreast. The choristers drove it twice round the 
 stage with great art. These entertainments are no 
 doubt very engaging; but they are no sooner done 
 than I feel a pain that greatly overbalances the mo- 
 mentary pleasure, when I reflect on the situation of 
 my poor country, groaning under all the miseries of 
 a usurpation, whilst I enjoy such gaieties ; and thus 
 I know how much the love of my country is rooted 
 in me, and gets the better of my other passions, 
 since neither the distance of time nor place is able to 
 erase it." 
 
 Although the moral which concludes this extract 
 must savour of artificial seasoning, such reflections 
 are unquestionably more in keeping with the writer's 
 staid character and rigidly decorous conduct, than 
 the relaxations which he occasionally introduces in 
 compliment to his correspondents' feelings rather 
 than is own. Only a few weeks before, he says, " I 
 should prefer a day's sport with you at home to all 
 the diversions and masquerades here, whether reli- 
 gious or profane : " and to another friend he ob- 
 serves, " The remarks you make on the Ancona 
 conversations I am afraid will hold pretty universally 
 in this country. I find it the same here, so that I 
 now converse more with the illustrious dead than 
 with the trifling living." Yet social habits among 
 the limited but attached circle with whom his lot 
 was cast, were ever regarded as a duty and a plea-
 
 156 LUMISDEN'S AMUSEMENTS. [17535. 
 
 sure ; good wishes for absent friends, and aspirations 
 in favour of their common cause accompanied many 
 a wine-cup, especially on fitting anniversaries. Thus, 
 he asks of Captain Edgar, " Pray how have you 
 celebrated St. Andrew ? Mr. Edgar did, as he always 
 does, great justice to the good saint. He had rowth 
 of meat and part drink. A large woodcock-pye and 
 a wild boar's head made no contemptible figure. A 
 copious bowl of punch, with burgundy, champaigne, 
 ziges, &c., animated us not a little, and made us 
 more happy than princes ; and [in order] that Mr. 
 Trante, &c., who could not come to the palace, 
 might partake of the feast, it was kept at my apart- 
 ment. Your and all our friends' healths were particu- 
 larly remembered on this occasion." But amid busi- 
 ness or relaxation, Mr. Lumisden ever turned wist- 
 fully to the home of his early associations. " When 
 you go to that country where my heart always is, 
 pray assure my worthy friends, who are so good as 
 to enquire for me, that they cannot think oftener 
 of me than I do of them. I need not recommend to 
 you, when at Edinburgh, to visit my dear parents ; 
 supply to them the absence of their son. I am cer- 
 tain they will be as fond to see you as if you were 
 their own child. At present [August], we perspire 
 most plentifully. The microscope is a great amuse- 
 ment to me. The heats afford me plenty of vermin 
 to examine, especially fleas, but such is either the
 
 1755.] HIS MOTHER'S ILLNESS. 157 
 
 scarcity of, or aversion the Romans have to, lice, that, 
 some days ago, Dr. Irvine was obliged to tempt a beg- 
 gar with a carline before he could procure a louse." 
 
 The few letters of Mrs. Lumisden for which we 
 have found place, indicate a character entitling her 
 to the ardent affection of her children. In the sum- 
 mer of 1755, she was seized by a mortal illness, 
 about the same time that her husband had a serious 
 attack of fever. Her daughter hurried from London, 
 but arrived too late. The two following letters afford 
 an interesting picture of home affections, and repre- 
 sent William Lumisden in a more amiable light than 
 he seems usually to have shown himself to his son. 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "London, Aug. 11. 1755. 
 
 " My dearest Andrew. This is now the third letter 
 that I have wrote you within these four weeks ; God 
 grant that the next bear what may be more agreeable to 
 us all ! Our dear mama's illness much afflicts me ; but 
 what reason have we to be very thankful that our water 
 is mixt with wine, that's to say, in the recovery of 
 dear papa. I had much to bear when I thought them 
 both in one state. At present I am laying my account 
 with the loss of the best of mothers. 'Tis a debt we have 
 all to pay : it's hard to tell if any of us ever comes to her 
 age. Tho' it's not in my power, nor any body's else, to 
 do her any service, yet my dearest Robie's goodness is 
 such that he much urges me to go to see them But, 
 dear Andrew, it's impossible to tell you how I am divided 
 betwixt duty and duty. It cuts me to the heart to think
 
 158 THE DEATH OF [1755. 
 
 of weaning my dear little Andrew, who is the finest 
 child that ever was seen of three months, besides leaving 
 Jamie and the rest of our family, who all needs my eye 
 over them. Oh what shall I do ? Whither shall I set 
 out for Scotland, or shall Robie keep his resolution of 
 going for France on Thursday ? There's but one day to 
 determing us both. He came to town on Saturday with 
 a resolution to go directly to France ; but papa's writing 
 this post of mama's illness encreasing so fast unhinges at 
 once whatever resolutions I take. * * * Oh I cannot 
 think of leaving the poor babies so very young ! It is 
 not little attendance a family requairs : there's seven of 
 us (God bless us !), our Frenchman and two maids. God 
 preserve our dear papa ! Now our care must be how to 
 provide for his happiness. The plan I have laid is for 
 him to go and live with you. If it was agreeable to 
 him I would have him here ; I really think he cannot 
 stay alone. But of this pray consider ; but do not write 
 your thoughts till you hear further from me, for I would 
 hear his own thoughts before we give ours. My dear Robie 
 offers his most sincer love to you, and I am, with the 
 warmest heart, my dear Andrew, 
 
 " Your most affectionate sister, 
 
 "ISABELLA STRANGE." 
 
 William Lumisden to Mrs. Strange. 
 
 " Edin. 12. Aug. 1755. 
 
 " Dear Child. The letters I wrote you on the 5th, 
 7th, and 9th curt, will prepare you to expect the mourn- 
 ful news of your mother's death, whom Almighty God 
 was pleased to take to himself last night ; and I trust 
 that, in His infinite mercy, for the infinite merits of 
 Jesus Christ, He has now numbered her with His saints
 
 1755.] LUMISDEN'S MOTHER. 159 
 
 in life everlasting. Her physicians were astonished 
 that her severe purging had not cut her off sooner, and 
 believed that, if it had been moderate, she might have 
 lingered long. She had her understanding free of pain 
 to the last. God give us grace to copy her virtuous, in- 
 nocent, and correct life ! 
 
 "As all religion consists in conforming our will to 
 that of God's, may we, by the aid of His Holy Spirit, 
 discharge our duty in this afflicting dispensation of His 
 unerring Providence ! Religion only can minister sub- 
 stantial consolation in trouble ; and since you have a due 
 sense of this, I judge it unnecessary to expatiate on this 
 comfortable subject ; as indeed I am unfit to preach upon 
 it at present, in respect I am overwhelmed with immo- 
 derate concern, tho' my reason as well as religion re- 
 proach me for being so. Such, I readily acknowledge, as 
 had no notion of a future state, might, with plausible 
 pretence, abandon themselves to the utmost extremity of 
 their passions ; but we Christians, to whom light and 
 immortality are brought to light by the Gospel, are for- 
 bid, on the most weighty reasons, to indulge our grief to 
 excess. God knows our frailty, and will give gracious 
 allowances for it, and therefore will mercifully pardon 
 us, tho' we are too violently affected at first with a heavy 
 stroke, even when daily expected. 
 
 " I thank God nothing was omitted. She was well 
 attended by the physicians of her soul, whose goodness 
 I cannot express, aud Sir Stewart [Thriepland] and 
 Mr. Adie were as careful as men could possibly be : and 
 for her cousin Mrs. Hay, I cannot but have a deep sense 
 of what she did to the last, and who still continues close 
 with me. My dear Brucie is perfectly well, but ignorant 
 of her great loss. I offer my blessing to Mr. Strange, 
 you, and the two boys, and I am, &c."
 
 160 THE DEATH OF [l755. 
 
 Of the same date, the Rev. Mr. Harper, an old 
 family friend, wrote to Mrs. Strange, " Your worthy 
 mother's weakness increased by hairbreadths until 
 yesternight about nine o'clock, when (with great 
 composure and resignation to the Divine will) she 
 returned her pious soul into the hands of God who 
 gave it. She dyed, as indeed she had lived, a pattern 
 of every virtue : ' as she had been upright, her end 
 was peace,' without violent sickness or pain, distinct, 
 devout, and edifying to her latest moments. Her 
 exit was rather like a translation than ordinary 
 death." 
 
 In a subsequent letter Mr. Lumisden says, " I 
 used all the arguments I could to diswade my daugh- 
 ter from coming down, as it was highly inconvenient 
 for her in the present situation her family was in. 
 But her strong affection, encouraged by the best of 
 husbands, got the better of them all. And indeed I 
 cannot express the comfort she has been to me." 
 Her chief thought was now for her father's prospec- 
 tive arrangements. A plan of " looking out for a 
 prudent gentlewoman fit for taking care of his 
 house, and instructing the child [Mary Bruce 
 Strange] at 61. or 87. of yearly wages," not proving 
 acceptable to him, she wrote to her brother, on the 
 20th of September, " I'm sure I would enjoy the 
 pleasure of his being with you as much as were he 
 with myself. What an unaffectionate look to see
 
 1755.] LUMISDEN'S MOTHER. 161 
 
 but three of us that can call ourselves friends and 
 relations in the world, living in three distant king- 
 doms, when there's a possability of our being join'd 
 with happiness to us all. I'm sure the sosiety you 
 have the honour and pleasure of enjoying would be 
 most agreeable to him, and [he to] them too. I 
 think I know you all, and am both prude and happy 
 in the acquaintance of you all. God Almighty bless 
 you, and continue your loves for one another ! Xow, 
 my dear Andrew, do you preach on my text, and 
 inforse it all you can, or sojest something eles if such 
 occur to you. To take care of him, and to make 
 him as happy as possable is what I constantly employ 
 my wish and thoughts upon, and indeed it sits very 
 heavie upon me. * ' * * If my dear papa will but 
 hear you and me, I'll send Bruce soon to be your 
 housekeeper, and as soon as my dearest Robie and I 
 grows ritch, we'll all come in a body, and be happy 
 together while in this world. That the Almighty, 
 of his infinit mercy, may grant us a happy meeting 
 together is the constant prayer of her who wishes to 
 distinguish herself in the characters of an affectionate 
 wife, a dutiful daughter, a tender parent, a faithful 
 friend, and, dear Andrew, your loving sister, 
 
 " ISABELLA STRANGE." 
 
 The earnest though homely feeling of these letters 
 is characteristic both of the writers and of Scotland 
 VOL. I. M
 
 162 THE DEATH OF [1755. 
 
 in that day. We shall now see hoAV it was recipro- 
 cated by the exiled member of this afflicted family. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Robert Strange. 
 
 "Sept. 9. 1755. 
 
 " How blended together are our pleasures and sorrows ! 
 The pleasure I had to find that my dear father had got 
 the better of his dangerous fever, was soon balanced with 
 the melancholy prospect of being to be so soon deprived 
 of the best of mothers. But what reason have we to 
 thank merciful Providence who has hitherto visited her 
 in so gentle a manner ! This no doubt is an earnest of 
 the reward prepared for her virtue. I cannot too much 
 admire your affection on this occasion, in allowing my 
 sister to leave her family in your necessary absence, and 
 under such circumstances, to go to Scotland at this time. 
 God Almighty reward you for your goodness and atten- 
 tion ! By what you write me, I must already consider 
 my dear mother as reaping the blessed fruits of a most 
 innocent, virtuous and well-spent life. But what do I 
 feel for my dear father, robbed of such a wife, friend and 
 companion ! Our duty is to make the remainder of his 
 life as easy to him as possible. I am very sensible that 
 he cannot live alone. If therefore, in such a situation, 
 I might propose any scheme, it would be for him to 
 settle all his affairs in such a manner that wherever he is 
 he may be master of his little income, and leave Edin- 
 burgh, and reside with you if your house is large enough ; 
 if not, to take an apartment near you, which will be a 
 mutual pleasure to you all, and if either his inclination 
 or business should call him to Scotland, he could easily 
 go in the summer season. It would be the greatest 
 happiness that I can figure to myself to have him with
 
 1755.] LUMISDEN'S MOTHER. 163 
 
 me, but, alas ! in the disagreeable, uncertain way in -which 
 things are here, unnecessary to be explained, it is not to 
 be thought of. To come here for a single winter, that is 
 from the first of November till May, is too great a 
 trouble and expense for him, and yet I could not pro- 
 pose more, for, when we go to the country in May, we 
 live at a considerable additional expence, and at the 
 same time very disagreeably and inconveniently, not to 
 mention the excessive heats, which would perhaps be 
 too great a change on one of his age. But if he has a 
 great inclination to see me, and surely it cannot be 
 greater than mine is to see him, if he could be here in 
 the end of October, I could lodge and take care of him 
 with the assistance of worthy Mr. Edgar, till the month 
 of May, when .the season would be agreeable for travel- 
 ling, and I persuade myself that the exercise would both 
 strengthen him and dissipate melancholy. If he comes 
 here, it will be necessary to leave home privately, and 
 to take a proper name, for reasons that will obviously 
 occur to him, although this precaution will be defeated 
 should Ramsay or any of his acquaintances be here. 
 However, if he resolves to visit this place, I shall have 
 time enough to give him the necessary directions." 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 "Sept. 23d. 1755. 
 
 " I received in due time your edifying and Christian 
 letter of July 5th, and my dear Robie has forwarded to 
 me your letter to my sister of August 12th, and another 
 of the same date to her from our constant and valuable 
 friend Mr. Adamson. The irreparable loss we have now 
 sustained in the death of the best of wives and mothers 
 can only be balanced by our certain belief of her happi- 
 
 M 2
 
 ANDREW LUMISDEX [1755. 
 
 ness. God give us grace to copy her virtuous example, 
 that we may partake her reward ! I return hearty 
 thanks and affectionate compliments to all our worthy 
 friends whom you name, who have assisted you on this 
 mournful occasion. You will receive a sensible conso- 
 lation from the presence of my dear sister, who is all 
 duty and affection. It would afflict her not to arrive in 
 time to perform the last duties to our dearest mother : 
 but it was not her fault. You will no doubt concert 
 with her a plan for your future living, which your own 
 good sense is best able to determine ; for at this distance, 
 and ignorant of your situation, 'tis impossible for me to 
 offer anything with certainty on that head: I can easily 
 see how improper it is for you to live alone, and yet 
 perhaps your affairs require your presence in Scotland ; 
 but if this is not the case, you will observe the scheme 
 that occurs to me, in my letter to Robie of Sept. 9th, 
 and to which I beg leave to refer, and shall anxiously 
 long to hear your determination. My duty and concern 
 will apologise for my saying so much on this subject. 
 What a comfort is it to me to hear that you have entirely 
 recovered from your late dangerous fever ! May gracious 
 Heaven long preserve that life on which all my happi- 
 ness depends ! I remark with pleasure what you say of 
 your Essay, and I hope you will lose no time in having 
 it transcribed as you mention. Every work of yours, 
 as it is useful to others, it is precious to me. While 
 separated from yon I must now beg to possess, what my 
 dearest mother kept with so great care, your portrait 
 in miniature, which I shall always preserve like the 
 apple of my eye ; I flatter myself that you will grant 
 me this request, and Mr. Strange will send it, by first 
 opportunity, to Mr. Waters, who can easily and safely 
 forward it to me. Adieu, my dear cousin ; may the
 
 1757.] TO HIS FATHER. 165 
 
 Almighty long preserve you in health and strength, and 
 may the joyful time of our meeting soon happen. You 
 know the constant duty, love, and affection of," &c. 
 
 The grief expressed by Andrew Lumisden on this 
 bereavement was, however, light compared with what 
 awaited him. In the end of next year he was 
 shocked to learn from Mrs. Strange that his father 
 had fallen entirely into the hands of a person whom 
 they could not look upon with respect. It was 
 whilst apprehending that an ill-assorted and unequal 
 marriage might give him a stepmother, and divert 
 from him and his sister their just inheritance, that he 
 penned to his surviving parent this letter, character- 
 ised by his wonted propriety of sentiment and ex- 
 pression. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to his Father. 
 
 "Jan. 4th, 1757. 
 
 " Although I have reason to conclude that my writing 
 is disagreeable to you, otherwise you would own the 
 receipt of my letters, I will, however, risque troubling 
 you with this ; and how can I begin the year more pro- 
 perly, I am sure I cannot do it more sincerely than by 
 praying that it may prove healthful, happy, and prosperous 
 to you ? As your happiness and satisfaction engrosses 
 all my attention, you will do me but justice to believe 
 that I wish it from the very bottom of my heart. I am 
 fully persuaded that if you knew the influence that your 
 silence has had both on my mind and body, you would not 
 have put me to so severe a trial. Since you informed me 
 
 M 3
 
 166 LUMISDEN'S [1757. 
 
 of the death of my dearest mother, I have not had a line 
 from you. To be deprived of her, and robbed of your 
 correspondence at the same time, has often been like to 
 distract me : conscious innocence has hitherto supported 
 me. But I flatter myself that I shall not again have oc- 
 casion to complain on this head. Ah ! I have a heart 
 that burns with love, duty, and affection for you ! 
 
 " My sister has transmitted to me a letter of yours to 
 her of Oct. 30th, in which you propose to settle your 
 affairs. As this is a subject you never was pleased to 
 mention to me, so I never desired to be instructed in it. 
 But I am persuaded that you will be so indulgent as to 
 pardon my now mentioning it. Considering my very 
 particular situation, I did not doubt but that you had long 
 ago made a proper settlement. However, as 'tis surely 
 prudent to do it, I know you will execute it in such a 
 manner as that my creditors can take no advantage of 
 your death. As I do not thoroughly understand what 
 you write my sister on that subject, and as I am entirely 
 persuaded that you have nothing at heart but to make 
 her and me as easy as you can, and for which you have 
 so long severely laboured, 'tis unnecessary for me to 
 enter into particulars. Permit me only to observe, that, 
 as my sister is blessed with a most virtuous husband, 
 whose genius does honor to his country, so a stock of 
 ready money would enable him to extend his schemes, 
 and in a few years to provide decently for his family : 
 and as she has been no burden to you for many years, I 
 cannot but indulge the thought that you will so order 
 your affairs as to put ready money into their hands, and 
 to have the inexpressible pleasure to live to see your 
 posterity prosperous and happy. 
 
 " Of myself I have little to say : you know my situa- 
 tion ; you know for what I suffer. Since I came abroad
 
 1757.] FAMILY AFFAIRS. 167 
 
 I have not been expensive to you, having been mostly 
 supported by my Cousin [the Chevalier] and his funds, 
 except the 201. I had of Mrs. Berry, and the money* 
 clothes, &c., that Mr. Strange has generously given and 
 sent me from time to time. Altho' the want of money has 
 often prevented my advancement, yet I have always 
 calmly submitted rather than ask what I thought might 
 be inconvenient for you to give, as I am sensible how 
 ready you are to straiten yourself to assist me. I am 
 satisfied with the poor situation in which I am, and which 
 will probably continue whilst my Cousin lives ; but if he 
 should die, and he has been some years in a declining 
 state, I shall then be in a miserable condition. If this 
 should happen, I am sure you would not allow me to beg 
 an alms ; and even this I would do rather than straiten 
 you in the least. The rent of the land which you are so 
 good as mention to give me, will no doubt keep me from 
 starving ; but as I cannot think of living always idle and 
 needy, I intend, in the event of my Cousin's death, to 
 employ myself in trade ; but, as ready money is indis- 
 pensibly necessary for that purpose, I hope you will 
 convey the land in such a way that I can dispose of it, 
 as I can more advantageously employ the price. I think 
 you proposed to sell the clerk's office : I cannot but ap- 
 prove of your doing it, for 'tis high time for you to retire 
 from that fatigue ; and, if the buyer inclines to have my 
 consent, I shall cheerfully give it. The price you get 
 for it would be a seasonable interim supply to my sister 
 and family. But why do I say so much on this head to 
 one of your superior judgement, as well as confessed love 
 and affection for us? If I have said anything amiss, I 
 beg, my dearest cousin, you'll be so good as to forgive 
 me, my view being only to entreat you to settle your 
 affairs, so as that my creditors may not take the advantage 
 
 M 4
 
 168 THE DEATH OF [1757. 
 
 of my absence, and that I may be as little dependent as 
 possible on the pleasure of others. But may God Al- 
 mighty preserve your life, that I may have the happiness 
 to embrace you, and thereby render all these precautions 
 unnecessary. The time I have been absent from you 
 appears to me ages ; ah ! may our meeting soon happen ; 
 and, till then, I shall daily kiss your little portrait, which 
 I have now received, and which is my only treasure." 
 
 This epistle never reached his father, whose death, 
 before the end of 1756, had already terminated all 
 cause for farther anxiety on account of his weak- 
 nesses. On the 1st of February, 1757, Mr. Lumis- 
 den wrote to his sister, " You will easily believe the 
 shock I felt to be informed of my dear father's death, 
 after the vigorous state of health which I had reason 
 to believe he enjoyed. His death, although attended 
 with a very alleviating circumstance, has opened a 
 wound that was as yet fresh. Had it, indeed, hap- 
 pened before that of our dear mother, it must have 
 affected us more sensibly. But let us draw a veil 
 over what is past, and always remember that he was 
 our father. Unerring are the ways of Providence : 
 may our conduct and actions render us worthy of the 
 mercies of Heaven ! " These, trite moralities, some- 
 what frequent in the Lumisden letter-books, seem in 
 this instance dictated by thankfulness that death had 
 anticipated a dreaded re-marriage, and we need not 
 wonder to find the secretary solacing himself by the 
 cold aphorisms of classical writers. " Our passions,
 
 i7sr.] LUMISDEN'S FATHER. 169 
 
 indeed, too often usurp the place of reason : happy 
 they who can confine them most within their just 
 bounds ! I think Pliny the younger has given us one 
 of the most effectual cures for such wounds as mine : 
 Necessitas ipsa, et dies long a, et satietas doloris" 
 Or, again, " But why do I mention my private mis- 
 fortunes, which are so easily swallowed up by our 
 public ones ? Let us, however, hope for more pro- 
 sperous days, and, in the meantime, let us follow the 
 advice of Horace, philosopher as well as poet, 
 
 " ' Durum, sed levius fit patientia, 
 Quicquid corrigere est nefas.' " 
 
 Mr. William Lumisden's affairs were found to be 
 in considerable confusion. His property consisted of 
 some land near Duddingstoun, and certain houses in 
 Edinburgh of small value, besides various sums lent 
 out to unwilling debtors, probably his clients. On 
 the other hand, there were creditors, not the less in- 
 clined to be clamorous that these assets were unlikely 
 to be made readily available, in consequence of the 
 legal disqualification under which the heir lay. This 
 anticipation proved but too true; for the trustees 
 into whose hands the administration passed proved 
 incompetent or inefficient. During many years 
 Andrew Lumisden's anxieties were constant, and his 
 remittances trifling. Ultimately the whole succes-
 
 170 LUMISDEN'S AFFAIKS. [1757. 
 
 sion seems to have amounted to about 30007. to 
 4000Z., his share of which he persisted in regarding 
 as his sister's eventual property, burdened only by 
 his own life interest, marriage having, from the time 
 of his exile, been habitually debarred from his pro- 
 spects*
 
 174764.] THE JACOBITE EXILES. 171 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 SITUATION OF THE REFUGEES. MR. LUMISDEN'S MISSION TO PARIS. 
 
 INTRIGUES AND SCHEMES OF THE JACOBITES. THE PRINCE'S 
 
 MISCONDUCT. 
 
 THE odium attaching to the Duke of Cumberland's 
 barbarities in the north appears fully justified by 
 facts recently disclosed in Chambers' Memoirs of the 
 Rebellion; yet, on the whole, the Jacobite party 
 had little cause to complain of rigour from a go- 
 vernment they had done their utmost to overthrow. 
 In days when treason, and its concomitants of se- 
 ditious plotting, were still regarded as the greatest 
 of social crimes, and when no sickly sentimentalism 
 interposed to screen those who perilled the public 
 peace and welfare for their own ideal of dynastic 
 rights or constitutional ameliorations, the British 
 ministry generally tempered justice with mercy, and 
 multitudes benefited by the early and almost general 
 amnesty of 1747, whose lives and fortunes had been 
 staked on an unsuccessful venture. Such of them as 
 emigrated gradually found their way home, and, per- 
 ceiving the cause to be hopeless, some even who had 
 entered foreign service, avowedly in order to keep
 
 172 THE JACOBITE EXILES. [175364. 
 
 their swords in temper for a new invasion, were 
 content to turn them into ploughshares and pruning 
 hooks on paternal acres mercifully spared to them. 
 Among the number were several of Mr. Lumisden's 
 friends, Sir Stuart Thriepland, Mr. Hamilton of 
 Bangour, Captain Edgar, nephew of the secretary, 
 and several members of the Strathallan and Nairne 
 families. How soon he would have followed their 
 example, had his attainder not bound him to the 
 cause, we cannot conjecture; but his letters occa- 
 sionally betray a keen sense of the sacrifices it had 
 cost him, even while his exile was consoled by a 
 conviction that his past and present misfortunes were 
 incurred for the sake of duty and honour. 
 
 Writing to his Scottish relations in 1753, he thus 
 expresses himself: " My particular situation is too 
 good an excuse for my long silence. Nor should I 
 have troubled you with this line, was it not to return 
 you my hearty acknowledgement for your kind en- 
 quiries concerning me. The distance of time nor 
 place will never be able to alter my just esteem for 
 you, nor my grateful sense of your friendship. 
 Whatever may be my lot in the world, I flatter 
 myself you will have no reason to blush for having 
 admitted me among the number of your friends. 
 Our knowledge is too imperfect to foresee the con- 
 sequences of things : 'tis enough for us to do what 
 our reason and conscience tell us is our duty to do,
 
 175364.] THE JACOBITE EXILES. 173 
 
 and although the event proves cross, we will find a 
 real pleasure, when we reflect on the integrity of our 
 intentions. 'Tis this that has supported me amidst 
 many difficulties. 'Tis this that makes me even dare 
 to say with Cicero, Si quis Deus mihi largiatur, ut 
 ex hdc estate repuerescam, et in cunis vagiam, valde 
 recusem. "***! shall not entertain you with 
 any history of myself., as I know my best friend [his 
 mother] informs you of whatever happens to me. 
 Allow me, however, to assure you that my principles 
 of religion, my love for my country, my duty to my 
 king, and my affection for my friends, are the very 
 same as when you saw me." After nine more years 
 had gone by, with little else to sustain him, the 
 burden of his confidential correspondence is still, " it 
 will always be a real satisfaction to me when I reflect 
 that I have lived up to my principles, and done my 
 duty ;" and in 1764 he writes to his cousin Governor 
 Bell, " I am the same person you formerly knew me : 
 I have changed no principle, I have lost no friend." 
 
 A few detached extracts from Mr. Lumisden's 
 letter-books will show by what circumstances the 
 hopes of the elder Chevalier's adherents were from 
 time to time buoyed up. "If the [unfounded] 
 account we have just received [July 1753] proves 
 true, of the Elector of Hanover's death, we flatter 
 ourselves that H.R.H. the Prince will find this a 
 favorable opportunity to appear again in the world,
 
 174 JACOBITE POLITICS [175364. 
 
 and to put an end to the cruel and barbarous scenes 
 so long acted in Britain. May his enterprises be 
 attended with success ! " "I wish the discontents 
 against the naturalisation of the Jews may have the 
 effects we desire. It is certainly a most monstrous 
 act in a country that calls themselves Christians. 
 They have done so much of late to destroy that 
 religion, that I shall not be surprised to hear that 
 they have erected a temple at London to the 
 unknown God. Every Christian country should put 
 a mark of resentment on this conduct of England. 
 For example, at Rome, the Pope should appoint 
 surgeons to inspect every Englishman that comes 
 here, that the circumcised ones may be obliged 
 to wear yellow hats or sashes, and to be locked 
 up at night with their brethren in the Ghetto. 
 For what difference ought he to make between 
 English or other Jews? I know you sympathise 
 with us during these inhuman heats. Sweating and 
 hunting fleas is no small fatigue." Any difficulty 
 that may have occurred to his Holiness in this 
 matter was, however, removed by the repeal, during 
 next session, of the obnoxious statute by which 
 Jews had been invested with the privileges of 
 Christian subjects. 
 
 But it was to hostilities with France that the 
 exiles chiefly looked for an opening to their schemes. 
 After speculating on the chances of a serious war
 
 175364.] AND SCHEMES. 175 
 
 in August, 1755, Mr. Lumisden observes: "The 
 Elector of Hanover has, indeed, on all occasions 
 sacrificed the interests of Britain to preserve his 
 German dominions; but I flatter myself that this 
 very article will at last open the eyes of the people, 
 and prove his ruin; and that H.R.H. the Prince 
 will lose no opportunity to reap advantage from the 
 other's folly. May success attend his schemes, that 
 we may yet see our country happy ! " Eight months 
 later he says, " May gracious Heaven preserve his 
 life, that he may yet taste a little of the sweets 
 of life, after so many bitter draughts of affliction! 
 May we soon be able to say of the British, what 
 Homer says of the Ithacans on the restoration of 
 Ulysses : 
 
 " ' And willing nations knew their lawful lord ! ' 
 
 " TVTiat steps are taking to bring about this long 
 desired event I know not. The situation of affairs 
 between France and England seems, no doubt, very 
 promising ; but, alas ! how often have we been 
 disappointed in our hopes. At present they talk of 
 nothing here but of the embarkation the French are 
 making at Toulon and Marseilles, in order to attack 
 Port Mahon. If they can land in the island they 
 will probably soon be masters of the fortification. 
 'Tis hoped that this will serve for a diversion to 
 withdraw the English fleet from the Channel,
 
 JACOBITE POLITICS [175364. 
 
 whereby the French may with the greater rage 
 make a descent on England. But I dare not indulge 
 myself to reason on things of which I know so 
 little." 
 
 To correspondents whose zeal in the cause was 
 likely to render such aspirations acceptable, we 
 find the secretary's letters frequently recurring. 
 [13th July, 1756.] " Since war is now formally 
 declared betwixt England and France, may they 
 never agree differences till we have obtained our 
 wishes. The people of Britain, as I am informed, 
 never seemed more dissatisfied with the German 
 government than at present. The bringing over 
 such numbers of foreign troops they consider as an 
 attempt to rob them of their liberties, rather than to 
 defend them against the French. Ah ! dare we 
 flatter ourselves that the proper use will be made of 
 these discontents ? " 
 
 In the end of the year he says, " I know nothing 
 of the affairs of Britain but what I learn from the 
 public papers. The discontents of the nation at the 
 mismanagement of the ministry surely run very 
 high. Their many addresses and instructions are 
 proof of it. That infatuated people never thoroughly 
 examine the disease : they imagine that a change of 
 ministry will retrieve all their losses, and redress all 
 their grievances, when, after a short trial, they find 
 themselves as far from their desired point of view as
 
 175364.] AND SCHEMES. 177 
 
 ever : may they at last apply the only efficacious 
 remedy, and do justice to their lawful, injured sove- 
 reign !" Again, in June, 1756, "The discontents 
 of the people seem very great. Oppressed with 
 taxes to support a foreign interest, whilst their own 
 concerns are neglected, is sufficient, one would think, 
 to rouse them from their lethargy. May the Prince 
 soon lay aside his incognito ! May he soon appear on 
 the active stage to save his country from utter ruin ! " 
 It is curious to find even a native Briton led by long 
 expatriation to mistake the normal condition of his 
 grumbling countrymen for a morbid symptom ! 
 
 These extracts were addressed to Lord George 
 
 O 
 
 Murray, or Captain Edgar. In 1764, Lumisden 
 writes to the titular Lord Dumbar : * " The account 
 you are pleased to give me of the state of money 
 and paper credit in Scotland is., indeed, dismal. 
 That trade of luxury which our own country has 
 long carried on with England and other parts must 
 no doubt at last ruin it ; unless they can discover 
 a thing not to be expected some new branches 
 of commerce to repair their losses, and realise their 
 ideal paper credit." So too, the previous year, Mr. 
 
 * James [sometimes called William], titular Earl of Dumbar, 
 being a man of talent and in general esteem, gained a great influence 
 over the Chevalier de St. George, and was much about the Prince 
 in early life. Having become distasteful to the latter, he was 
 directed to retire to Avignon in 1748, in expectation that Charles 
 Edward would then go to reside at Rome; and there he remained. 
 VOL. I. N
 
 178 JACOBITE POLITICS. [175364. 
 
 Lumisden had ingeniously argued against embarking 
 the proceeds of his father's succession in the British 
 funds, over which, from various causes, he considered 
 bankruptcy impending. Yet, singularly enough, it 
 seems never to have occurred to him as an element 
 for consideration, that the success of those very 
 schemes on which he still lingered, with faith if not 
 with hope, must inevitably have proved a severe 
 shock to all stocks, and have occasioned consequent 
 peril to such an investment. Watching, from a 
 distance, the affairs of Europe, in the fond delusion 
 that their progress might bring about some con- 
 juncture favourable to the Stuart cause, the Jacobites 
 vainly expected a summons to take part in the great 
 drama of which they were but passive spectators. 
 They viewed its progress with reference to a supposed 
 by-plot, whereof the actors were unconscious, and 
 which the alleged authors ignored ; or, like the fly, 
 fancied that by themselves was turned the wheel on 
 which they were casually perched. 
 
 As time wore on, Mr. Lumisden's prospects did 
 not brighten. After the miscarriage of an intended 
 French descent upon England or Ireland, in 1759 
 which, though planned with no special view to the 
 Jacobite cause, was regarded with eager hope by its 
 adherents all expectation of a restoration seems 
 gradually to have died away. It was, as yet, pre- 
 mature to look for a full amnesty from home, and
 
 175364.] LUMISDEX'S SAD PROSPECTS. 179 
 
 Mr. Lumisden was among those who deemed it a 
 point of honour, as well as duty, to adhere to the 
 stranded vessel whilst the wreck held together. 
 Meanwhile the irksomeness of exile was more and 
 more felt. In his absence from Scotland, his patri- 
 monial interests suffered greatly from the neglect 
 of those to whose friendly agency they had been 
 entrusted. The additional correspondence thrown 
 upon him by Mr. Edgar's death, in 1762, imposed 
 the painful necessity of answering appeals for aid 
 from those whose vast sacrifices his master had no 
 adequate means to recompense, and of doling out 
 in driblets such sums as could be spared for that 
 purpose. But this was not the worst. The titular 
 King's declining health, debilitated by years and 
 lengthened indisposition, pressed upon him a con- 
 tingency upon which, probably, depended even such 
 slender bounties, and left him doubtful how soon his 
 own means of subsistence might be curtailed. Those, 
 too, whose society and sympathies cheered the priva- 
 tions of a common exile were dropping around him ; 
 and in 1763 he touchingly exclaims, " Few of our 
 countrymen, alas, remain alive here ! " Xext spring 
 fresh burdens were imposed on him by Lord Alford's 
 retreat to Paris. " Tired of this country, and hoping 
 to recover his health in France, which for some 
 time he has complained of, he leaves this after 
 Easter. I am sorry for it on many accounts ; but 
 
 N 2
 
 180 LUMISDEN'S SAD PROSPECTS. [1758. 
 
 particularly as I foresee it will add much to my or- 
 dinary labour, as I shall now be obliged to do the 
 whole of our business. Whilst my master lives I 
 cannot, nor should I ever, think of abandoning him. 
 "Tis true, his weak state of health renders his life 
 very precarious ; but, as soon as we are deprived of 
 him, I shall lose little time to leave this country and 
 return to France, to have again the comfort to em- 
 brace you and my dear sister." But, even amid 
 these gloomy forebodings, his disinterestedness 
 knew no change : " I heartily wish the Strathallan 
 family all the satisfaction they desire at home. I 
 have done, and shall continue to do, them every ser- 
 vice in my power. As I never ask the smallest 
 favor from the Duke [of York] for myself, it gives 
 me the more courage to plead for others." The fol- 
 lowing is the only instance, during his official con- 
 nection with the Stuart Princes, in which he appears 
 as a suppliant on his own account : 
 
 Andrew Liimisden to the titular Lord Lismore. 
 
 "Feby. 20th, 1758. 
 
 " That humanity which induces you to interest yourself 
 in my poor concerns, makes me presume to trouble you 
 with this letter. And indeed to whom can I so properly 
 explain my situation as to your Lordship, whose good- 
 ness and power go always hand in hand ? 'Tis only 
 since the death of my father that I have found the fatal 
 effects of being attainted. My attainder has deprived
 
 1759.] LUMISDEN'S SAD PROSPECTS. 181 
 
 me of a very considerable succession ; and the small re- 
 mainder of my father's estate is in the hands of trustees, 
 who show little friendship or inclination to serve me, 
 so that I am uncertain if I shall ever recover any part 
 of it. The gratification of 600 livres, given me by the 
 Court of France, is paid so irregularly, that, one year 
 with another, I can scarce reckon it above 300. His 
 Majesty indeed is most graciously pleased to order me 
 ten crowns a month, but this, with my French gratifica- 
 tion, even was it more regularly paid, is insufficient to 
 afford me the necessaries of life, diet, clothes, and 
 lodgings. I am very sensible that His Majesty's small 
 revenue bears no proportion to his royal mind : Ah, 
 may he soon enjoy what belongs to him, and make an 
 infatuated people happy ! In the mean time I flatter 
 myself that he will be graciously pleased to continue his 
 usual bounty to me. 
 
 " I must therefore humbly beg your Lordship to direct 
 me how to lay my case before His Majesty in the most 
 proper manner. To write of one's self is a disagreeable 
 task, but cruel necessity obliges me to do it. However, 
 it gives me an opportunity to assure your Lordship of 
 the real attachment and great respect with which I have 
 the honor to be," &c. 
 
 During the winter of 1758-9, Mr. Lumisden's 
 monotonous life was varied by a long and secret 
 expedition. On the 7th of October he writes to 
 Mr. Strange, " You will perhaps be surprised when 
 I tell you that I set out to-morrow on a journey 
 through Italy and part of France. My cousin [the 
 Chevalier] is pleased to send me to settle and balance 
 some accounts with his correspondents. This is 
 
 K 3
 
 182 LUMISDEN SENT [1759, 
 
 what I could not have expected. Such a trust, how- 
 ever, to a young bookkeeper is indeed flattering. 
 May I answer what is expected of me ! I reckon to 
 be back here in four months. " * I go by 
 
 Florence, Bologna, Modena, Parma, Milan, Turin, 
 and so to Lyons and Paris. By this means I shall 
 have an opportunity to give a glance to several 
 places I never saw. None of my acquaintances here, 
 except worthy Mr. Edgar, knows anything of my 
 journey, which you may easily believe hurries me 
 not a little. * * * * This journey, I flatter myself, 
 will be attended with both pleasure and profit." 
 The period of Mr. Lumisden's absence, and the con- 
 sequent interruption of his letter-book, were consi- 
 derably prolonged. In the next entry (May 7th, 
 1759) we find him writing to his sister, " I lose not 
 a post to inform you that I am just arrived in the 
 ancient city. After a very tiresome journey through 
 Germany, I have safely repassed the formidable 
 Alps. I wrote you Feb. 20th and March 29th, 
 whereby you will have observed my route." " The 
 roads were so bad, and travelling so inconvenient, 
 that I was deprived the pleasure I proposed to my- 
 self of visiting Sir James Steuart."* In another 
 
 * Sir James Stenart of Coltness, baronet, another Jacobite martyr, 
 was then living at Tubingen in Suabia, where he consoled his exile 
 by preparing his work on political economy. Many notices regard- 
 ing him will be found in the Coltness Collections, edited by me, for 
 the Maitland Club, in 1842 : see also below, p. 203.
 
 1759.] TO PARIS. 183 
 
 letter he excuses himself for omitting a visit of 
 courtesy in Paris, having " received positive direc- 
 tions from my master to see only those whom he was 
 pleased to name : it was this that kept me a prisoner 
 the few days I was at Paris." The mission of Mr. 
 Lumisden was evidently a diplomatic one, in refer- 
 ence to the troubled aspect of European politics; but 
 of its precise objects we have no notice. He did not 
 see Lord George Murray, then resident in Holland ; 
 but, on his return, wrote to him, " May a certain 
 person [Prince Charles] at last comply with the ad- 
 vice of an indulgent father, who desires nothing of 
 him but what tends immediately to his honour and 
 interest! Of public affairs I know nothing but 
 what I find in the printed papers. The French, it 
 seems, are making considerable preparations at 
 Brest ; but whether they are intended to serve that 
 cause which we have only at heart, or only to inti- 
 midate the Court of England from sending succours 
 to Germany or elsewhere, a little time will decide. 
 Unless the immediate interest of France induces 
 that ministry to serve us, it is not to be expected 
 that they will otherways do it ; for justice and gra- 
 titude are antiquated terms, unknown at courts." 
 Would not this seem to indicate recent disappoint- 
 ment in overtures to one or both of these quarters ? 
 That a demonstration favourable to the Stuarts was 
 then anticipated may be gathered from numerous 
 
 x 4
 
 184 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [1759. 
 
 passages in Mr. Lumisden's correspondence, espe- 
 cially in letters addressed to the Honourable Alex- 
 ander Murray, fourth son of Alexander, fourth Lord 
 Elibank, who, in 1751, had gained notoriety and 
 exile by his contest with the House of Commons, 
 arising out of the Westminster election, and who 
 spent the next twenty years as a refugee, attached 
 to the Jacobites rather from pique than principle. 
 
 Indeed there are several indications that, during 
 the secretary's mission, he had formed close relations 
 with that restless spirit, who had been compromised 
 in the plot by which Dr. Archibald Cameron 
 suffered in 1753*, and who was now apparently the 
 prune mover of an intrigue for effecting, as an epis- 
 
 * Lord Elcho's unpublished account of the Rebellion gives the 
 following account of that project : - " There was a stupid plot formed 
 for him in the year 1752 by Mr. Alexander Murray, brother to Lord 
 Elibank. Mr. Murray had made the Prince believe that he had got 
 sixty men together in London, who had sworn to attack St. James' 
 and assassinate all the Royal family at a time. When the assassin- 
 ation was to be committed, the Prince was immediately to come 
 from the coast of Flanders, and offer himself to the English nation. 
 At the same time Mr. Macdonald of Lochgarry, and Mr. Cameron 
 were to raise a commotion in the Highlands. Lochgarry and 
 Cameron went to Scotland, and Mr. Cameron was taken and hanged. 
 Mr. Murray went to London, but upon finding that his assassins' 
 courage had failed them, he came back to France. And so ended 
 so wise a project, which shows the Prince's good understanding, for 
 having approved of it and come into it." Lord Elcho's readiness 
 to speak ill of the leader for whom he had made great sacrifices is 
 well known, and we may hope that in this instance his information 
 was incorrect.
 
 17o9.] JACOBITE INTRIGUES. 185 
 
 ode in the war, a French descent upon England or 
 Ireland, in which Mr. Lumisden was to have taken 
 part. Alexander Murray was then living at Paris 
 as Mr. Campbell, and married a sister of the titular 
 Earl of Dumbar. His conversion to the Jacobite 
 cause being sudden, and dictated by turbulence or 
 ambition, some sop was needed to secure services to 
 which, for the moment, undue importance seems to 
 have been imputed. Hence the bauble coronet ac- 
 corded to his egotism in the following missive, with 
 a laxity which seems to indicate little expectation on 
 the donor's part that the bribe would ever become 
 available to him. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to the Hon. Alexander Murray. 
 
 "Aug. 12th, 1795. 
 
 " Having had the honor to deliver to the King the 
 letter you sent me for him, inclosed you will find His 
 Majesty's return. He has been graciously pleased to 
 sign and deliver to me the warrant for your being an 
 Earl, which, pursuant to your desire, I shall keep till I 
 have the pleasure of seeing you, or receive your further 
 directions how I shall dispose of it. The patent is to 
 you and the heirs male of your body ; whom failing, to 
 your brother Lord Elibank and the heirs male of his 
 body ; and whom failing, to all your other brothers re- 
 spectively, and the heirs male of their bodies. Such an 
 uncommon mark of His Majesty's approbation of your 
 past services will, no doubt, engage you to give daily 
 fresh proofs of your gratitude, zeal, and attachment to 
 him and his royal family. The titles are left blank in
 
 186 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [l759. 
 
 the warrant, because the title of Westminster has never 
 been conferred on any one. His Majesty was appre- 
 hensive lest there might be some reasons for it, especially 
 as it is the seat of the Court. But if, after inquiry, you 
 find that there can be no objection to this title, you may 
 insert it, otherwise you may assume any other title you 
 judge proper, and against which no objection can lie. 
 As it is of the utmost consequence to you to conceal 
 your having obtained this patent, till affairs are as we 
 wish them in England, I send this letter under Mr. 
 Gordon's cover, with directions to him that he may de- 
 liver it to you out of his own hand, or consign it to any 
 person whom you shall desire, that it may safely reach 
 you. And until it is a fit time for you to use your title, 
 I shall continue to write and address to you as formerly. 
 You will do me, sir, but justice to believe that I have 
 not been wanting on this occasion to represent your 
 merit to His Majesty in its true and proper light. 
 
 " What an inexpressible satisfaction is it to me to ob- 
 serve that His Royal Highness the Prince has entirely 
 got the better of his late indisposition. May health and 
 success be his constant attendants ! His desire of my 
 being with him in case of an embarkation is an additional 
 proof of his goodness towards me. Ah, was my capacity 
 equal to my inclination and zeal to serve him ! Attention 
 and fidelity must supply my want of abilities. His Majesty 
 is most graciously pleased to permit me to set out as soon 
 as the Prince, either by himself or by you, shall advise 
 him when it is proper for me to do so, unless he may have 
 something particular to do with me, which cannot, how- 
 ever, detain me but a few days. I shall always be ready, 
 and shall not lose a moment on the road. In the mean- 
 time it will be a great satisfaction to His Majesty to 
 know from you how things are advancing, as he has
 
 1759.] JACOBITE INTRIGUES. 187 
 
 nothing at heart but His Royal Highness' success, and 
 the happiness of his country. I offer my compliments to 
 Miss Murray in the most respectful manner, and have 
 the honor to be, with the greatest respect, dear sir," &c. 
 
 Connected with the hopes raised among the Jaco- 
 bites by the French naval armaments of 1759, we 
 have some farther notices by Mr. Lumisden, ad- 
 dressed chiefly to this embryo peer. " The prepara- 
 tions making on the coast of France for an embarka- 
 tion, I observe, are very considerable. I scarce 
 believe that the French will risque a descent on 
 England without the participation of a certain per- 
 son [the Prince], for without him they can expect 
 little success." " The Toulon fleet has certainly 
 sailed, and 'tis said with an intention to pass the 
 straits and join that of Brest. But whether they 
 really intend to make a descent in Britain seems 
 still uncertain. Perhaps the great loss which they 
 have lately sustained in Germany may induce them 
 to alter their schemes." [18th Sept., 1759.] " You 
 will easily believe the satisfaction it gave His Ma- 
 jesty to observe by your letters that the favourable 
 dispositions of the Court of France to carry his 
 Royal Highness' schemes into execution still con- 
 tinue. May no unforeseen accidents prevent their 
 accomplishment ! We are, indeed, much afraid that 
 the defeat of the Toulon fleet [under De la Clue, 
 by Admiral Boscawen, on the 18th and 19th of
 
 188 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [1759. 
 
 August] will at least retard the execution of them." 
 [Oct. llth.] " How much do I long for an oppor- 
 tunity to meet again the enemies of my King and 
 country in the field of battle ! I shall lose no time 
 in repassing the formidable Alps, as soon as I am 
 honoured with orders for that purpose." [Nov. 6th.] 
 " His Majesty was pleased with your expressions of 
 duty and zeal for him and the royal family, as he 
 is persuaded they came from the heart, and com- 
 mands me, in telling you so, to make you a kind 
 compliment in his name. What an inexpressible 
 satisfaction would it be to him to hear that His 
 Royal Highness had at last carried his schemes into 
 execution ! Nothing surely will be wanting on His 
 Majesty's part to promote them, in as far as his 
 health and influence will permit. "With this view 
 he is pleased to direct me to inform you that some 
 time ago, at the very particular desire of the King 
 of France, he gave his nomination of Cardinal to 
 M. de Choiseul, Archbishop of Besa^on. * * * 
 Things seem now to be brought to such a crisis, that 
 I flatter myself with the daily hopes of receiving 
 His Royal Highness' orders to join him, which I 
 shall fly to do on the wings of fidelity and zeal." 
 
 This bubble was, however, soon to burst. The 
 important naval armament, destined for a descent 
 upon England and Ireland under Admiral Conflans, 
 was encountered by Sir Edward Hawke on the 20th
 
 1760.] JACOBITE INTRIGUES. 189 
 
 of November, when a large portion of it was de- 
 stroyed by English guns and tempestuous weather, 
 leaving the French hopelessly inferior by sea. The 
 effect at the Muti Palace of this reverse is thus 
 testified by Mr, Lumisden. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to the Hon. Alexander Murray. 
 
 " Home, Jan. 8th, 1760. 
 
 "I received by last French post your letter of loth 
 Dec., which I immediately communicated to the King, 
 whose concern for the late disappointment you will 
 easily imagine ; and which is the greater, that, without 
 some new extraordinary event happens, he does not con- 
 ceive how the French can be able to undertake another 
 expedition in the spring : though he is of opinion that, 
 notwithstanding the great desire there is of peace on all 
 sides, it will be very difficult for the powers concerned 
 to come to an accommodation before another campaign. 
 What gives also great concern to His Majesty is the 
 prospect of what may be the Prince's fate after a peace ; 
 for without he takes proper measures before, to which he 
 does not find his Royal Highness any ways disposed, he 
 will be reduced to live in the same obscure way he has 
 done for so many years past, and which would be, 
 according to His Majesty's opinion, his utter destruction 
 and ruin in all shapes. It is true that the Prince's 
 reserved way of acting towards his father cannot but 
 affect him, but his paternal tenderness for the Prince 
 makes him feel much more the Prince's misfortunes than 
 his own mortifications, and will always prompt him to 
 do whatever may be in his power for His Royal High- 
 ness' real good and advantage : but alas ! the Prince's
 
 190 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [1760. 
 
 conduct has been such as to render it impossible to His 
 Majesty to give any assistance to the Prince in any 
 shape or manner. His Majesty is ignorant of the 
 Prince's particular schemes and projects, and of those 
 who direct his counsels and resolutions ; and he finds 
 him so fixed in his ideas, whatever they may be, that he 
 sees it would be to no purpose, at least at present, to 
 give him any advice directly ; especially considering 
 that His Royal Highness has never yet answered two 
 letters His Majesty writ to him some months ago, His 
 Majesty supposes on account they were not according to 
 his way of thinking. And in general you must feel 
 that, as His Majesty is in the dark as to the Prince's 
 affairs, and does not see clearly into them, he cannot 
 in many cases form a judgement upon them, much less 
 give him his advice. But it is very plain that, without 
 he gains the friendship of the Queen of Hungary or the 
 French, he can never, after a peace, live but in the way 
 in which he does. As for the French, they have not 
 made the least step towards His Majesty, nor informed 
 him of anything relating to the late expedition ; but as 
 it was easy for the King to foresee that, if the war lasted, 
 an enterprise in his favor would at long run be probably 
 thought of, it is long since that His Majesty represented 
 to the Court of France the great inconveniences that 
 might arise from the making an attempt on Ireland, 
 and he should reasonably have hoped that his opinion on 
 such a point ought to have been of some weight. But 
 whether Ireland was really a part of the late project or 
 not is more than His Majesty knows, being absolutely in 
 the dark with regard to all that affair. His Majesty 
 ordered me to write all this to you, by which you 
 may judge of the justice he does to your sentiments 
 towards himself and family, and of the full persuasion
 
 1760.] JACOBITE INTRIGUES. ]91 
 
 he is in that you will always do what you can for their 
 service and advantage. 
 
 " As for the flowers, I did not think this a proper time 
 to insist on that particular, though His Majesty seems to 
 have the most favorable dispositions towards you. But 
 when there may be question of the execution of some 
 new project, then will be the time to move again in that 
 article ; and I would fain hope it would not be flattering 
 you to tell you that I think you may hope the best.* 
 As to my having made no return to your letter of the 
 29th Oct., and that you writ to the King at the same 
 time, His Majesty was then so full of hearing again 
 soon and of great matters from you, that in expectation 
 of that, he forgot to give me any particular orders for 
 you till I received your last letter. And in writing this 
 he is pleased to command me to make you a kind com- 
 pliment in his name. 
 
 " From myself I shall say little. Sensible of your 
 goodness and friendship, I know you will embrace every 
 opportunity to lay me at His Royal Highness' feet and 
 assure him of my inviolable fidelity and attachment 
 towards him. I trust in God that the constant tenor of 
 my life will justify the favorable opinion he is pleased to 
 entertain of me. I should have done myself the honor 
 to have writ him a letter of compliment at this season, 
 but I thought it unnecessary to give him that trouble, as 
 I had nothing material to communicate to him. Shall I 
 flatter myself that, notwithstanding of M. de Conflan's 
 defeat, the Court of France will yet embrace and be 
 able to execute His Hoyal Highness' schemes ? With 
 
 * The " flowers " here spoken of are an allusion to the green 
 ribbon of the Thistle, demanded by this insatiable and selfish 
 intriguer.
 
 192 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [1760. 
 
 that view, how anxious am I to be honoured with his 
 commands to join him ! I offer you most affectionately 
 the compliments of the season. May this additional 
 year accomplish all our wishes, by restoring the Royal 
 family to their just and undoubted rights, and thereby 
 peace and happiness to our bleeding country! I ever 
 am, with the greatest respect and attachment, dear 
 sir," &c. 
 
 " Worthy Mr. Edgar returns you his compliments in 
 the most affectionate manner." 
 
 After Mr. Lumisden's mission to France, his cor- 
 respondence retains the confidential tone which it 
 then first exhibited. Of Lord Inverness we hear 
 no more as the fomentor of intrigues, but his place 
 in that respect was in some degree taken by Lord 
 Blantyre, with whom Mr. Lumisden for some years 
 interchanged such letters as the following, which we 
 give on account of their glimmering indications of 
 the Prince's policy and pursuits. Most of them were 
 addressed to " Mr. Goodwin," but inclosed to Lord 
 Blantyre, who passed under that name, and who 
 seems to have been then in frequent personal inter- 
 course with the Prince. The Jacobite schemes and 
 hopes were disguised under the usual slang of trad- 
 ing terms and false names. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mr. Goodwin, alias Lord Blantyre. 
 
 "Dec. 3d, 1760. 
 
 " Although I know not your particular address, I send 
 this under cover to a noble friend of mine at Brussels, as
 
 1760.] JACOBITE INTRIGUES. 193 
 
 I have some reason to believe you may be there ; if not, 
 he will return it back to me. Our friend communicated 
 to me your memorandum. I need use few words to per- 
 suade you of the affliction it gives me to find that our 
 mercantile undertakings should have been so much ne- 
 glected ; and which is still encreased, as the principal 
 partner [the Prince] has of late shewn so little activity 
 in exerting himself in his own and our own common 
 interests. I flatter myself, however, that at this critical 
 conjuncture he will lose no time to form an expert and 
 able crew to man our ship, whereby alone we can have 
 our returns sooner than our Hamburgh rivals. 1 am 
 persuaded that all the steps you have taken in this affair 
 are wise and proper ; and I doubt not but your prudence 
 and address will yet be able to bring things to their 
 desired issue. My Cousin, who has nothing so much at 
 heart as our friend's real advantage, does all he can to 
 rouse him from his indolence and to make him act as you 
 wish. But, as he has long since left to him the detail of 
 accounts, he never enters into particulars with him. So, 
 with regard to Le Noir, the paper man, &c., you can expect 
 nothing to be done from hence. You must take your 
 own prudent methods of bringing these things about. 
 I represented to my Cousin, that, as our friend positively 
 insisted on having the young filly returned to him, how 
 necessary it was to humour him at this time in this par- 
 ticular. My Cousin, who thought the demand extraor- 
 dinary, said this was a thing that did not depend on him, 
 but that he would see what he could do in the matter.* 
 For God's sake continue to revise our accounts, otherwise 
 our books will run into confusion, for 'tis on your ca- 
 
 * The " young filly " refers to his daughter, carried about this 
 time by her mother to a convent. See vol. ii. Appendix, No. III. 
 
 VOL. I. O
 
 194 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [1761. 
 
 pacity and judgement I entirely depend. And, whatever 
 becomes of our adventures, God Almighty will reward 
 your virtue and disinterested endeavours to serve your 
 friends. I shall be anxious to hear what is done, or 
 likely to be done, in our affairs ; and in the meantime 
 and always I remain, with the most ardent affection and 
 sincerest esteem, my dear friend," &c. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mr. Goodwin, alias Lord Blantyre. 
 
 "March 3d, 1761. 
 
 " I have received your letter of the 19th January, and 
 lost no time in communicating it to my Cousin ; whom I 
 found much prevented in your favour, being well in- 
 formed of your great zeal and attachment to him and his 
 family, and truly sensible of them. I observe, indeed, 
 that you are not well informed, either of the state of my 
 Cousin's health, nor of his present situation with Mr. 
 Burton [the Prince], As for Mr. Burton, my Cousin has 
 been now a year and a half without having received any 
 letter from him, though he has writ several to him ; and, 
 since the month of July last, he has not so much as writ 
 anything to Mr. Edgar, to whom he used to write a few 
 lines every week. It is many years since my Cousin ob- 
 served that he had lost entirely Mr. Burton's confidence, 
 but it never came to the pitch it is now at. But, not- 
 withstanding Mr. Burton's behaviour, my Cousin's tender- 
 ness for him can never alter ; and his present situation 
 and way of thinking gives him the more concern, that he 
 does not see what he can do to remedy either the one or 
 the other, since Mr. Burton will not so much as answer 
 his letters, or see any of his real friends. It is true that 
 lately my Cousin was endeavouring, by means of a good 
 friend to both of them, to fall on a way of having him
 
 1761.] JACOBITE INTRIGUES. 195 
 
 seriously spoke to with regard to his present conduct, 
 but an unforeseen accident hindered that step from being 
 executed ; and it is true that my Cousin is now thinking 
 of some other way to have him spoke to plainly on his 
 present situation, for he certainly will never neglect the 
 least thing that he thinks can be any way for Mr. 
 Burton's service, although he looks upon the success to 
 be very uncertain. In this situation both of my Cousin 
 and Mr. Burton, you see how useless it would be for you 
 to be at the trouble and risk of making so long a journey 
 as you mention, especially since the present state of my 
 Cousin's health could not allow him to see you with that 
 secrecy, and with those precautions, which would be ne- 
 cessary on your account. In two words, my Cousin is 
 not in a condition of acting personally to promote our 
 mercantile schemes, and Mr. Burton's silence and be- 
 haviour towards him renders it impracticable to my 
 Cousin to give any advice, much less directions, in what 
 relates to these matters, for fear of making things worse 
 than they are, and thereby increase the present confusion. 
 It is to be hoped that Mr. Burton will open his eyes, at 
 least in relation to his own interest, and in the meantime 
 my Cousin is persuaded that neither you nor any other 
 of our true friends will neglect any opportunity that will 
 contribute to it. For you cannot but see the straits he 
 is in, and the little he can do in prudence, and especially 
 at this distance, to give an helping hand himself to that 
 good work ; although he has nothing so much at heart 
 as the good of the trade, and the honor and welfare of 
 Mr. Burton. 
 
 " I have now discharged the commissions I had for you, 
 and which I might say were dictated to me by our 
 Cousin ; and I have nothing to add from him but his 
 kindest compliments for you, from himself and nephew, 
 
 O 2
 
 196 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [1761. 
 
 who both take a sincere share in your present affliction, for 
 the loss of so near a relation, with whom they had been 
 personally acquainted, and of whose zeal and attachment 
 for themselves and family they had received many proofs. 
 From myself I need say little. You will easily be per- 
 suaded how much I sympathise with you in your parti- 
 cular, as well as in our common afflictions. Let us not 
 however despond. I trust in God that Mr. Burton will 
 soon see the impropriety of his conduct, and bestir him- 
 self as we wish, for his own and our general interests, 
 and you will readily believe, that I shall let slip no op- 
 portunity to contribute my mite to promote that so much 
 desired event. In the meantime I only add, that Mr. 
 Edgar joins me in most humble and affectionate compli- 
 ments to you, and that I always have the honor to be, 
 with the greatest sincerity, my dear sir," &c. 
 
 Other letters to Lord Blantyre during 1761 con- 
 tinue to represent the Prince in the most unsatis- 
 factory light. " Your lordship will easily believe how 
 much I regret that Burton is not yet sensible of his 
 misconduct." <( You will readily perceive what a 
 concern it gives us to find that Mr. Burton does 
 not yet pursue the salutary course that his friends 
 wish. He must, no doubt, soon be sensible of the 
 necessity of it." " Burton still continues silent. I 
 hope he will at length get the better of his lethargy, 
 and be yet able to manage his family affairs." Of 
 the 1 1 th of August in that year is the following : 
 " Having had the honour to communicate to my 
 Cousin the contents of your letter of July 16, he
 
 1761.] JACOBITE INTRIGUES, 197 
 
 is pleased to direct me to return you his kind com- 
 pliments, to tell you how sensible he is of your zeal 
 and friendship to serve him, and to assure you of the 
 constant regard and esteem he has for you. Ever 
 ready to promote Mr. Burton's and the company's 
 interest, which are inseparably linked together, he 
 will let slip no opportunity that can contribute to it. 
 But, by my letter of March 3d, you cannot but see 
 how little my Cousin's health, and situation with Mr. 
 Burton, and which continue the same, permit him to 
 do. However, when the plan you mention is laid 
 before him, he will then be able to judge how far it 
 will be beneficial to the company, and will no doubt 
 make the proper use of it. But, unless some method 
 can be happily discovered to restore that confidence 
 that ought always to subsist between my Cousin and 
 Mr. Burton, I see nothing that can be done here 
 effectually, either for their or the company's ad- 
 vantage. It is, indeed, a great satisfaction to us to 
 hear that Mr. Burton's health is now good, and that 
 he is more careful of it than formerly: this, we 
 natter ourselves, is a step towards his applying again 
 to business. Our worthy friend, the antiquarian 
 [Mr. Edgar], who constantly remembers you, re- 
 turns you his best and most respectful compliments. 
 AVords are insufficient to express the great affection 
 and attachment with which I have always the honour 
 to be, my dear sir," &c. 
 
 o 3
 
 198 JACOBITE INTRIGUES. [1761. 
 
 With a view to submit his plan or plot to the 
 Anglo-Roman Court, Lord Blantyre proceeded into 
 Italy, and requested that Mr. Lumisden might meet 
 him at Ferrara in October. This was answered by 
 a proposal for his forwarding it to Rome with 
 unusual precautions to ensure secrecy while passing 
 through the post-office where it was accordingly 
 received by Mr. Lumisden early in November, and 
 laid before his master. The result was a conditional 
 approval, couched in language so vague and mystical 
 as to leave no trace of a solution, but, on the 10th 
 of July following, Lord Blantyre is informed that, 
 owing to the decided refusal of " S." to join in such 
 a project, it was entirely abandoned. These extracts 
 contain nearly all of political intrigue which the 
 letter-books have preserved, and suffice to show how 
 little interest attaches to what might have been sup- 
 posed their most valuable matter. Somewhat more 
 thinly disguised are the recurring allusions to 
 Charles Edward's increasing profligacy. In one 
 passage, his having remained entirely sober during 
 some weeks is mentioned as a notable circumstance, 
 and elsewhere Lord Blantyre is told that his re- 
 marks " on the chapter of villains, pickpockets and 
 gamesters " have, by order of the Chevalier, been 
 " transmitted to Mr. Burton, who we heartily wish 
 may make the proper use of them."
 
 i76i.] LOIISDEX'S POSITION; 199 
 
 CHAP. VIII. 
 
 MR. LTTMISDEN BECOMES FULL SECRETARY. HIS OFFICIAL COR- 
 RESPONDENCE AND ELEEMOSYNARY DUTIES. HIS MASTER'S 
 ILLNESS AND DEATH. 
 
 REPEATED disappointments and mortifications, such 
 as we have traced, gradually diminished Mr. Lumis- 
 den'g confidence in his cherished cause, and so far 
 extinguished hope of its ultimate success, that his 
 political convictions slowly resolved themselves into 
 a mere personal attachment to his master, while the 
 claims of country and kindred gained strength in 
 proportion as those of partizanship were relaxed. In 
 January, 1761, he assures the Reverend Mr. Harper, 
 that " to write to and to hear from my friends, among 
 whom you have ever had the first place, would no 
 doubt mitigate my absence from them, but so many 
 reasons concur to deprive me of the frequent use of 
 my pen, that I am persuaded they will not ascribe 
 my seldom writing to them either to forgetfulness or 
 want of affection. Distance of time and place, instead 
 of cooling my friendships, adds new fire to them, and 
 makes me more ardently wish to embrace my dear 
 friends : nor do I yet despair but I shall one day be 
 o 4
 
 200 LUMISDEN'S POSITION. [irei. 
 
 able to do it." By the preceding post he thus ac- 
 knowledged his sister's advices of a sale of their 
 father's land at Duddingstoun, to the Marquis of 
 Abercorn, for which purpose she had gone to Edin- 
 burgh : " Every line that comes from my dearest 
 Bella's fair hand is to me a treasure, and the unmer- 
 ciful load of business you have on your back still 
 increases its value. Was it in my power to relieve 
 you of some of your fatigue, ah ! with what a plea- 
 sure would I do it. I observe that the long pro- 
 tracted treaty is at last finished, and that at Whit- 
 Sunday you are to get WOOL Although you know 
 my warm attachment to our present happy govern- 
 ment [!], yet I own I have some difficulty to risque 
 so great a part of our all in the public stocks. When 
 the cord is too far extended it must break. These 
 stocks I cannot but think must one day fail. Such 
 a bankruptcy will, no doubt, ruin many a particular, 
 but it will enrich the public in general ; for the loss, as 
 too often happens in private bankruptcies, will fall on 
 the creditors, while the debtor remains opulent. How- 
 ever, do in this matter whatever your own good sense 
 and judgment directs." To Mr. Strange he observes, 
 " She gives us an account of the present state of the 
 stocks. No stock-jobber could have done it more 
 distinctly than she does. She talks of per cents., 
 annuities, brokerage, &c., as learnedly as any of 
 the sons of Jonathan. Yet, after all, I own I have
 
 1762.] MR. EDGAR'S DEATH. 201 
 
 some reluctancy to trust our all to these uncertain 
 funds." 
 
 Mr. Edgar's long declining health had gradually 
 imposed on Mr. Lumisden a greater share of con- 
 fidential correspondence, especially since his return 
 from Germany. After some days of severe illness, 
 the secretary died on the 24th of September, 1762. 
 In announcing this to his nephew, Captain John 
 Edgar, of Keithock in Forfarshire, Mr. Lumisden 
 says, " When I informed his master of his death, he 
 expressed an uncommon and real concern for the 
 loss of so old and faithful a servant, and whose worth 
 he perfectly knew; and he desired me to condole 
 with you sincerely in his name on this mournful 
 occasion. As to myself, words are insufficient to 
 express my grief for the irreparable loss I sustain by 
 the death of my dearest friend. In him I have lost 
 one who bore me all the tenderness of a father and 
 warmth of a friend. The many obligations with 
 which he loaded me will make his memory ever pre- 
 cious to me, and make me constantly wish for oppor- 
 tunities to express to you and his other relations 
 my grateful sense of his favors."' To his own sister 
 
 * Captain Edgar was out in the '45, and afterwards held a French 
 commission, but returned to his paternal acres, under the indemnity 
 of 1756. The Angus lairds cherished Jacobite principles, main- 
 taining habits of excessive conviviality, at least as long as those 
 of any other district, and at their symposia the captain continued 
 to dedicate a flowing glass to " the king o'er the water." But re-
 
 202 MR. EDGAR'S DEATH. [1/62, 
 
 Mr. Lumisden adds, " You may easily believe what 
 a real affliction as well as additional fatigue this 
 must give me : it obliges me to execute both his and 
 my own branch of trade. My Cousin, however, has 
 been very kind to me on this occasion : he has de- 
 sired me to give up my house and live in the apart- 
 ment of my late friend. Thus, although my trade 
 will not produce me riches, a thing so hunted after 
 by mankind, yet I flatter myself it will produce me 
 esteem and credit among the virtuous few." 
 
 The additional labour thus inadequately requited 
 was really considerable. By the first mail after 
 Edgar's death, his successor wrote nine letters, one 
 being of six pages. Among them was the following 
 to Prince Charles. A similar despatch, repeated 
 weekly until the Chevalier's death, seldom extended 
 beyond a brief report of the father's health, and a 
 well-turned phrase of courtly service to the son." 
 
 Andreiv Lumisden to Mr. John Douglas, alias the Prince. 
 
 "Sept. 29. 1762. 
 
 " Last week I had the honour to inform you of Mr. 
 Willoughby's [i. e. Edgar's] indisposition, and it is with 
 
 bellion rarely proves a profitable line of politics, and, like many a 
 better patrimony, the Keithock estate was saved from forfeiture 
 only to be swamped by the slower machinery of heavy incumbrances 
 and hampered management, until, on his death, it passed to other 
 hands. A curious account of the way in which Secretary Edgar 
 outwitted Sir Robert Walpole in his wonted policy of corruption 
 will be found in Robert Chambers' History of the Rebellion, edit. 
 1847, p. 419.
 
 1762,] MR. EDGAR'S DEATH. 203 
 
 the utmost affliction I am now obliged to tell you that he 
 died on the 24th inst. He had been long in a bad state 
 of health, but endeavoured all he could to conceal it. 
 In him you have lost a most faithful zealous servant, 
 and one who loved you from the bottom of his heart. 
 God grant that I may always tread in his virtuous 
 steps. 
 
 "Mr. Orry [i.e. the Chevalier], who continues in his 
 usual health, directs me to send you the inclosed letter, 
 as he knows no one who can more readily forward it to 
 its address. 
 
 " May I beg of you at the same time to lay me, full of 
 duty and zeal, at his Royal Highness' [the Prince's] feet, 
 to assure him of my constant and fervent prayers for his 
 health and happiness ? and I natter myself that he will 
 be well persuaded that, as the whole study of my life has 
 been to serve him, so, whatever commands he shall be 
 pleased to lay on me shall be most faithfully and zealously 
 obeyed. 
 
 " I have the honour to be, with the most dutiful attach- 
 ment and respect," &c. 
 
 One of the earliest matters demanding Mr. Lumis- 
 den's attention, when his principal's illness had de- 
 volved upon him additional correspondence, related 
 to the welfare of a much-esteemed countryman. 
 Among the most valuable adherents who were in- 
 duced to embark in the rising of 1745, both in re- 
 gard to family connection and personal endowments, 
 was Sir James Steuart of Coltness, Baronet. The 
 hesitation with which he joined the Prince is 
 curiously illustrated by an anecdote in Mr. Robert
 
 204 SIR JAMES STEUART'S ARREST. [ires. 
 
 Chambers' History of the Rebellion [p. 139. edit. 
 1847], and the false position in which this imprudence 
 placed him during life, may be seen in the Coltness 
 Collections. After residing for some years at 
 Tubingen in Suabia, where Mr. Lumisden was un- 
 able to visit him in 1759, Sir James passed the 
 season of 1762 at Spa. There the patriotic zeal with 
 which he expressed his aspirations against the French 
 successes in Cassel drew on him remark, considering 
 that he was then under the ban of the British 
 Government. On this pretext, but, as was supposed, 
 from a dread lest his profound and statesmanlike 
 acquaintance with the interests and resources of 
 France might be placed at the disposal of the English 
 cabinet in the impending negociations for peace, he 
 was seized, in open defiance of international law, and 
 carried, under a French lettre de cachet, to the 
 fortress of Givet, where, notwithstanding influence 
 simultaneously exerted in his favour by the Hano- 
 verian and Stuart dynasties, he remained a close 
 prisoner, until peace was ratified in the following 
 year. The part taken in his behalf by the Cheva- 
 lier de St. George is shown by letters to Lord 
 Blantyre, one of which is as follows : 
 
 Andreiv Lumisden to Mr. Goodwin, alias Lord Blantyre. 
 
 "Sept. IS. 1762. 
 
 " Without loss of time I communicated to my Cousin 
 what you writ me in your letter of the 10th, concerning
 
 1762.] SIR JAMES STEUARl'S ARREST. 205 
 
 the Chevalier James. As my Cousin has long had a 
 -particular regard for that gentleman, he was sensibly 
 touched with his misfortune. We reckon that the Mun- 
 day's courier from Paris will bring us a farther account 
 of this unlucky affair, and you may easily believe how 
 ready my Cousin will be to take any step he shall judge 
 prudent to facilitate his speedy release. The singular 
 regard I have for the Chevalier makes me heartily regret 
 this unhappy accident, and I doubt not but he will easily 
 vindicate himself from the charge laid against him. In 
 the meantime I flatter myself that you will write me all 
 you learn on this subject. Mr. Blunt [Earl of Alford], 
 and the Antiquarian [Mr. Edgar], who is in a very bad 
 state of health, offer you their kindest compliments, and 
 I ever am," &c. 
 
 On the 2d of October Mr. Lumisden adds, " I an- 
 xiously long to hear of the Baronet's liberation, 
 for I am persuaded that this affair must have pro- 
 ceeded, either from a mistake, or from the malice of 
 some enemy. However, I can tell you that my 
 Cousin has caused a very strong letter to be wrote, 
 in order to operate if possible his release." 
 
 In Mr. Boswell's acquaintance Lumisden found 
 pleasure, not only as a Scotch cousin, but because, 
 " superior to the prejudices so common at present in 
 our country," he " has no difficulty to converse with 
 and cultivate the friendship of his countrymen, whose 
 honest but out-of-fashioned principles prevent them 
 from living at home." The following letter is amus- 
 ingly characteristic of both correspondents :
 
 206 ANDREW LUMISDEN [1765. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to James Boswell of Auchinlech. 
 
 "Oct. 12. 1765. 
 
 " As I am persuaded you have left Leghorn, I address 
 this, as I did my former letter, to Genoa. You will 
 probably receive both at the same time. I need not tell 
 you what an agreeable entertainment your letter from 
 Lucca of the 30th past gave me.* I am indeed at a loss 
 which to admire most in it, the stern philosopher or the 
 sprightly lover. The latter listened to the syren, but 
 the former soon got the better of the spell. How much 
 labour did it cost Ulysses to get rid of Circe ! In these 
 cases it is dangerous to trust to so feeble a counsellor 
 as reason. The safest measure is to fly the temptation. 
 I blame you not, my dear friend, for what has happened. 
 Youth, passion, even novelty, apologise for you. Let 
 me however congratulate with you on your happy escape, 
 for I flatter myself that you have not risqued a second 
 separation. It is enough that you have once tasted 
 Italian gallantry. It will serve to embellish your history. 
 Your warm unsuspicious heart might easily find a real 
 passion. But I know too much of the ladies of this 
 country to suppose that your fair one felt the same. 
 Accustomed to change, they are strangers to this passion. 
 Amidst variety it never can be properly felt. Artful in 
 a science in which art should not enter, they can pretend 
 ardours, sighs, and flames when their hearts are perfectly 
 at ease. Trust them not. Preserve your vigour for 
 some healthful innocent Scots lass, a stranger to intrigue, 
 who will make you a happy father of a family, and con- 
 
 * Oct. 29. 1765. "I had a letter from Baron Boswell from Lucca. 
 He found a Circe at Sienna, who, with her enchantments detained 
 him above a month at that place. He was at last obliged to muster 
 all his philosophy to get the better of the fair witch."
 
 1765.] TO JAMES BOSWELL. 207 
 
 tinue the race of those worthy ancestors whose memories 
 you so justly esteem. Have you visited Corsica? If 
 you have, I cannot but insist on your giving me an ac- 
 count of your expedition. It will be both new and in- 
 structive to me. Did Paoli show you the Rousseaunian 
 code ? What system of government has this celebrated 
 modern laid down for these brave islanders ? I know 
 nothing worth mentioning to you from hence. At pre- 
 sent there are no British travellers here. Byres and 
 Willison have had fevers, but are again well. They, your 
 cousins the Erskines, little man [Dr. James Murray], 
 and all your acquaintances salute you most affectionately. 
 With all the sentiments of friendship and esteem, I 
 always am, my dear sir," &c. 
 
 We have already alluded to the subject of most 
 frequent recurrence in Mr. Lumisden's correspond- 
 ence, especially after he became sole secretary in 
 1762, that of dealing with applications for eleemo- 
 synary aid from the scattered exiles of the Jacobite 
 cause. Of many thorns on his path this was the one 
 which perhaps rankled most deeply in his sensitive 
 breast, especially when doling out or refusing a pit- 
 tance scarcely adequate to maintain life itself. There 
 was, however, another class of cases scarcely less 
 embarrassing, that of bold beggars such as Mr. 
 Charles Stewart, and of improvident but influential 
 adherents like the Strathallan Drummonds, as ex- 
 hibited in the following letters. Though in them- 
 selves of no great interest, they exhibit the miserable 
 shifts to which some leading refugees were reduced,
 
 208 DEMANDS OF THE [1764. 
 
 the lowly state of the would-be Court of the Stuarts, 
 and the sort of administration which chiefly devolved 
 upon its officers ; above all, the nature of Mr. Lumis- 
 den's duties, and the temper in which they were 
 uniformly performed. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mr. Charles Stewart. 
 
 "July 3d. 1764. 
 
 " His Royal Highness the Cardinal Duke having put 
 into my hand your letters to him, of the 12th and 23d 
 past, he is pleased to direct me to tell you, that neither 
 the King's nor his own situation permit them to give you 
 these extraordinary reliefs which you so frequently call 
 for. However, on removal of your brother's present 
 dangerous indisposition, which we heartily regret, they 
 are pleased, for this time only, to order you twenty 
 Roman crowns. But I am commanded to tell you to 
 contrive to live on that extensive charity which the 
 Royal Family have been so generous as to allow you, 
 and not to apply for any further extraordinaries. Full 
 of compassion and unlimited benevolence, the Royal 
 Family wish to assist all the world. But, alas! their 
 present circumstances do not correspond with their 
 generous minds. The little that they have must, in the 
 first place, be applied for the relief of those faithful sub- 
 jects who have actually lost their fortunes, and risked 
 their lives in their service ; and the remainder only they 
 can bestow in simple charities ; in which last class they 
 must consider you and your brother. I have only to add, 
 that I shall always be ready to do you any service that 
 lies in my power ; and wishing your brother a speedy re- 
 covery, I remain, very sincerely, sir," &c.
 
 1765.] JACOBITE EXILES. 209 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Viscount StrathaHan. 
 
 "Feb. 26. 1765. 
 
 " I lose no time to acknowledge the receipt of the 
 letter of the 2d, with which you are pleased to honor 
 me ; it gives me, indeed, infinite concern to observe by 
 it the difficulties to which you are reduced. I am the 
 more sensibly touched at it, because of the impossibility 
 to get anything done for you at present here. The know- 
 ledge I have of the King and Duke's finances, and their 
 manner of thinking on that head, prevents me from de- 
 livering your letter to His Royal Highness. Had I 
 delivered your letter containing so extraordinary a de- 
 mand, after you and your family have had so large a 
 supply within these six months, I should have done you 
 a real prejudice, and put it entirely out of my power to 
 be of any service to you hereafter. All I would there- 
 fore in prudence do was to represent in general, but in 
 a warm manner, your unhappy situation to His Royal 
 Highness, who, at the same time that he heartily re- 
 gretted it, confirmed to me what I well knew, that nei- 
 ther the King's nor his own funds permitted him to do 
 anything at present for you. The gratifications the 
 King is accustomed to give at this season, to prevent 
 many honest people from starving, have exhausted the 
 money set apart for that purpose. Besides, His Royal 
 Highness added, that, at any rate, he could not take upon 
 himself to dispose of His Majesty's money to pay debts 
 for any one, and at which he knew the King always ex- 
 pressed a great aversion. However, I flatter myself that, 
 in some months hence, I shall be able to procure you a little 
 supply, but can never expect to obtain for you money to pay 
 your debts. I cannot give your Lordship a stronger proof 
 of the regard for, and attachment I have to, you than in 
 
 VOL. I. P
 
 210 DEMANDS OF THE [1765. 
 
 not delivering your letter, as I am certain of the bad con- 
 sequence it would have produced ; but if you are of a 
 different opinion, and still direct me to do it, I shall do 
 myself that honor. What a satisfaction it would have 
 been to me, could I have been instrumental to have re- 
 lieved you on this occasion ! For I flatter myself you 
 will always do me the justice to believe the great respect 
 and unalterable attachment with which I have the 
 honor to be, my Lord," &c. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to the titular Earl of Alford. 
 
 "Feb. 26. 1765. 
 
 " I am honoured with your letter of the 3d, and heartily 
 wish your hearing may reap benefit from the course of 
 remedies you are taking. The King is pretty much in 
 his usual weak state of health, without any reasonable 
 prospect of his ever being better. I have made your 
 court to the Duke, and thanked him for his letter to you. 
 His Royal Highness never fails to mention you but with 
 pleasure. To-morrow he goes to Frascati for some days, 
 You will probably have heard that he has taken the 
 management of his affairs in France from Lady Lismore 
 and son. He trusts all to M. Brunet and his council. I 
 have good reason to believe that the Lady was told that, 
 if she presumed to complain on this account, she would 
 be deprived of the pension the King now allows her. 
 The Duke, as I think I formerly mentioned, continues 
 very willing to order those supplies which the King has 
 been accustomed to give to his distressed subjects, but 
 I am. afraid lest the unreasonable demands that are fre- 
 quently made will at last tire him. Among others, I 
 cannot but send you a sight of a letter of your cousin 
 Lord Strathallan, which please return me. Within these 
 six months I procured for his Lordship and family 
 2,800 livres ; yet you see the demand he now makes,
 
 1765.] JACOBITE EXILES. 211 
 
 notwithstanding of the promise he made not to apply to 
 the King again, after your Lordship obtained for him 
 the 3,000 livres about two years ago, but which promise 
 you may be sure I took no notice of to the Duke. 
 When I mentioned the letter to His Royal Highness, 
 and that I had one to present to him, he desired I 
 might not do it, but to write my Lord that, out of friend- 
 ship to him, I did not present the letter, as I found it 
 would have done him a real prejudice, and put it entirely 
 out of my power to be of any service to him hereafter. 
 I shall in some months hence endeavour to obtain some 
 supply for him ; but what can any supply I can expect 
 to get for him avail to one who, in so short a time, has 
 contracted 14,000 livres of debt at Sens, notwithstanding 
 of the money he has at the same time received from his 
 uncle, the Court of France, and the King ? In short, 
 the sincere regard and friendship I have for my Lord 
 Strathallan makes me heartily regret his conduct, with- 
 out being able to relieve him. All your friends here con- 
 stantly remember you in the most respectful manner. I 
 have the honor always to be, with the greatest respect 
 and unalterable attachment, my Lord," &c. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Viscount Strathallan. 
 
 "April 16. 1765. 
 
 "I am honored with your letter of the 16th ulto., and, 
 having again laid your different letters before the Duke 
 [of York] and explained to him your dismal situation in 
 the best manner I could, His Royal Highness has been 
 pleased to take upon himself (though with much difficulty, 
 considering the state of the King's health and his funds) to 
 order you 3,000 livres at once, upon condition that you 
 ask no further supplies or money from him ; you may 
 p 2
 
 212 DEMANDS OF THE [1765. 
 
 therefore draw on Principal Gordon for this sum. His 
 Royal Highness desires that you may conceal what he 
 has now done for you, as it might induce others to make 
 like applications to him, when it is not in his power to 
 assist them. He was indeed much surprised to observe 
 that you should have contracted such considerable debts 
 in so short a time, but hopes you will now contrive to 
 live with that frugality and economy which your own 
 unhappy circumstances, as well as those of the Eoyal 
 family, render so necessary ; and in writing this to you, 
 he was pleased to direct me to make you many kind 
 compliments in his name. With the utmost truth I can 
 assure your Lordship that I have done everything in my 
 power to serve you on this occasion. I did it with all 
 the warmth that esteem added to friendship could inspire. 
 I heartily wish I could have procured you a larger sum, 
 but what His Royal Highness said to me on this head 
 was so strong, that I could not further urge it. I have 
 the honor to be, with the greatest respect and constant 
 attachment, my Lord," &c. 
 
 " P. S. Having had the honor to read this letter to 
 His Royal Highness, he was pleased again to regret, that 
 neither the King's nor his own funds possibly permitted 
 him to order you a more considerable relief." 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to the titular Earl of Alford. 
 
 "July 9th, 1765. 
 
 " It gave me a very sensible concern to learn, by your 
 letter of the 16th past, the death of Lord Strathallan : 
 I was at the same time informed of it by his brother, Mr. 
 Drummond. I most heartily sympathise with the poor 
 lady and her numerous family. Nothing, you may 
 easily believe, shall be wanting on my part to assist them 
 on this mournful event. I have had the honour to pre- 
 sent your letter on this subject to the Duke. He intends
 
 1765.] JACOBITE EXILES. 213 
 
 to write you by next post. He is very sensible of the 
 distressed situation of the Strathallan family, and will 
 do whatever is reasonable for their relief. In the mean- 
 time he has wrote to M. Brunet to advise with your 
 Lordship on the proper method of applying to the Court 
 of France in behalf of the lady, and to take the neces- 
 sary informations from you. It would give much plea- 
 sure to His Royal Highness if anything considerable 
 could be obtained on this occasion from that Court. Be 
 that as it will, I shall endeavour to obtain some supply 
 for her from hence. It happens indeed at an unlucky 
 conjuncture, viz., just immediately after her husband had 
 got so large a sum. There is no change on the King's 
 health. Last week died the General Cavalchini. All 
 your friends here remember you most respectfully, and 
 I have always the honor to be, with the greatest respect 
 and unalterable attachment, my Lord," &c. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to the Honorable William Dnimmond 
 of Strathallan. 
 
 "July 16th, 1765. 
 
 " Two posts ago I received the letter of the llth 
 past, which you were pleased to write me ; and last post 
 came to my hand your letter for His Royal Highness the 
 Duke, which I had the honor to present to him, and have 
 now that of conveying to you his return to it. Words 
 are insufficient to express my real affliction for the death 
 of your brother, my Lord Strathallan. Long acquainted 
 with his singular merit, I cannot but sincerely regret 
 his loss. You need never doubt of my poor but hearty 
 endeavours to serve his family. I lost no time to write 
 to Lord Alford, by His Royal Highness' directions, to 
 concert the properest manner to recommend my Lady, 
 
 p 3
 
 214 DEMANDS OF THE [l765. 
 
 your sister-in-law, to the Court of France, in order to 
 obtain if possible a pension for her. I hope in a few 
 months hence to be able to send her a supply of 1500 
 livres. Whilst the King lives, I doubt not but I shall 
 get it continued yearly to her, which is all that His 
 Majesty's funds can possibly permit to do. I beg leave 
 to offer my compliments of condolence, in the sincerest 
 and most respectful manner, to the ladies, and the whole 
 family ; and hope you will always do me the justice to 
 believe the singular regard and esteem with which I 
 have the honor to be, sir," &c. 
 
 "Pray make my compliments in a particular manner 
 to Mrs. Drummond and her brother, and let them know 
 that I had the pleasure of seeing lately here their cousin, 
 Mr. Boswell, eldest son of Lord Auchinleck. He is a 
 young gentleman of great talents and merit. He is 
 now making the tour of Italy, along with Lord Mount- 
 stuart. He told me that in his way to Paris, which I 
 reckon will be about the beginning of winter, he would 
 stop at Sens to have the pleasure of seeing his cousins." 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to the titular Earl of A/ford. 
 
 "Aug. 27th, 1765. 
 
 " At the same time I was honoured with your letter of 
 the 4th, I received one from Mr. Drummond, containing 
 a letter to the Duke, acquainting him of the Strathallan 
 family's intention to return to Scotland. They judge 
 well, provided they can live at home independent of their 
 French pensions, for I much doubt if the Court of France 
 will be prevailed on to continue these pensions if the 
 family leaves the country. They not only beg His 
 Royal Highness' immediate assistance, but likewise the 
 continuance of it in case of the King's death. This last 
 request he would by no means engage in. But, whilst 
 His Majesty lives, they will receive his assistance wher-
 
 1764.] JACOBITE EXILES. 215 
 
 ever they are, I now send them an order for 1500 
 livres; and, indeed, had their demand been for once only, 
 as your Lordship supposed, I believe I should have been 
 able to have got it increased, but when His Royal High- 
 ness perceived that the whole strain of the letter was for 
 continuing the supplies, he would do no more. I have 
 the satisfaction to think that I have not a little exerted 
 myself to serve the worthy family of Strathallan ; for you 
 will readily believe that it was no easy matter to procure 
 them 7300 livres in the space of a year." 
 
 The amount here stated far exceeds that of the 
 gratuities given in any other case, although in 1 763 we 
 find 1,000 livres to Lord Nairne, and 2,500 to Lord 
 Blantyre. It is impossible now to ascertain the cir- 
 cumstances under which such an expenditure had 
 been incurred by Viscount Strathallan in maintain- 
 ing his family abroad ; but beyond question it was 
 not serious compared with the income which, but 
 for his mistaken loyalty, they might have enjoyed 
 in peace and plenty at home. When such answers 
 emanated from the Stuart princes, it was, indeed, 
 time for their adherents to make their peace with the 
 Hanoverian dynasty. 
 
 The Duke of York's brief visit to Rome, in April, 
 1764, occasioned no small irritation at the Muti 
 Palace. " On Sunday arrived here the brother of 
 the Duke of Hanover, called Edward. He travels 
 by the name of the Count d'Ulster. Low bred and 
 covetous, we are told he makes a foolish figure 
 r 4
 
 216 THE DUKE OF GLOUCESTER [1764. 
 
 wherever he goes. Strange that his Court should 
 have allowed him to expose himself thus to foreigners, 
 and especially in this country ! But stranger still 
 that the government here should press extraordinary 
 marks of favour on one of his family, and the rather 
 as he travels incognito, and 'tis said does not desire it 
 of them ! Rome will always be Rome. He lodges 
 at a merchant's called Barazzi, who for some years 
 has been one of the principal spies of the house of 
 Hanover." " This false, hypocritical, inconsistent 
 people have shown many marks of distinction to the 
 Count d'Ulster. But, 'tis said, that as the Court of 
 Rome has disobliged most of the princes of its own 
 communion, they want now to flatter the heretics ; 
 for, being wiser than the children of light, they make 
 unto themselves friends of the mammon of unrighteous- 
 ness" " On Saturday night the Hanoverian tra- 
 veller left this, and goes to Venice. The honours 
 and attention paid him by the Roman nobility (I 
 had almost said mobility) are not to be believed. 
 Had the King been in his former vigour, this would 
 not have happened. It only proves the inconsistency 
 and ignorance of the Court and people of Rome. He 
 was, indeed, visited by none of the religious orders, 
 but by the general of the Jesuits. However, I can 
 assure you that this young man's usual ill-manners 
 and avarice have appeared very conspicuously ; nor 
 has he shown the smallest mark of satisfaction or 
 gratitude for the extravagant honours bestowed on
 
 1764.] IN ROME. 217 
 
 him." " It is not easy to exaggerate the ridiculous 
 behaviour of the person called the White Prince 
 whilst here. We were assured, at the time that 
 he paid 15 pauls [6/6] a head to a traiteur for 
 his table, whereas the Duke of Gordon and other 
 late travellers paid a zecchin [9/6] to the same 
 traiteur. In short, 'tis said that the value of the 
 presents he has received in Italy greatly exceed the 
 expense he has been at in visiting the country." 
 Thus did the Secretary's pen seek vengeance for the 
 Duke of Cumberland's sword ; a scanty excuse for 
 such paltry and pointless gossip I But whatever bad 
 taste may have been shown by this brother of George 
 III., his son, Prince Augustus, afterwards Duke of 
 Sussex, obtained favour in the eyes of the Stuarts 
 by a studied politeness, which had been inculcated 
 by his father. The Chevalier Levingstoun, who 
 went to Rome in his suite, told Sir Thomas Strange 
 that, when visiting Cardinal York, the Prince 
 remained standing, and, on the compliment being 
 returned, the Cardinal was received in a room con- 
 taining only the seat which he was intended to 
 occupy. 
 
 For two years the Chevalier's constitution had 
 been sensibly impaired; and in May, 1760, Mr. 
 Lumisden informs Lord George Murray " that the 
 King has been these two months confined to his bed ; 
 but it is now hoped that he is out of danger. He
 
 218 THE CHEVALIER'S [i?64. 
 
 was seized with a severe cold, attended with a fever 
 and. convulsive cough ; which last was so violent, 
 that we were every moment apprehensive that it 
 would have deprived us of the best of princes and the 
 best of men. He was so extremely bad that he re- 
 ceived all the rites of his church. But God Al- 
 mighty has been graciously pleased to give a happy 
 turn to his distemper. He has been these two weeks 
 without any fever, and has coughed little. * * * 
 May God of His infinite goodness increase his 
 strength, and long preserve that life on which de- 
 pends the happiness of so many ! His Majesty's 
 illness having engrossed all my attention, I know 
 nothing here at present worth communicating to your 
 Lordship." It was not, however, until November, 
 1763, that his declining health became seriously 
 affected, from which time he remained bedfast above 
 two years. His memory having by degrees entirely 
 failed, he that winter ceased to sign his name or 
 transact any business whatever. There seems to 
 have been no ascertained disease, his appetite and 
 digestion continuing almost unaltered ; but his 
 strength was much reduced, probably in a great 
 measure from frequent depletions, thus alluded to 
 by Mr. Lumisden in 1764 : " There is a mode in 
 physic as well as in dress ; and, provided the phy- 
 sician prescribes fashionably, he has little concern 
 about the consequence. Some years ago the Roman
 
 1764.] LAST ILLNESS. 219 
 
 faculty would not have ordered a blooding, even in 
 cases where it seemed indispensibly necessary : now 
 they order blooding on every occasion, whether right 
 or wrong. There are people here who have lost 
 above twenty pounds of blood in one sickness ; but 
 they never again recover their former strength. In 
 short, I know no greater misfortune than to be 
 obliged to employ a Roman physician."* 
 
 To those whose maintenance in a great degree 
 depended upon the Chevalier's bounty, his life Avas of 
 paramount interest ; and the feelings with which it 
 was watched may be gathered from the following 
 letter to the wife of Fotheringham of Bandean, one 
 of the Jacobite exiles : 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mrs. Fotheringham of Bandean. 
 
 "Aug. 21. 1764. 
 
 " It would be a particular pleasure to me, could I say 
 anything satisfactory to you on the subject of your letter 
 to me of the 23d past. The king no doubt has long been 
 in a bad state of health, but since November last he has 
 
 * Mr. Lumisden was a habitual heretic in such matters. He else- 
 where speaks of physic in Italy as a guessing professioil ; and the 
 late General Durham remembered an anecdote which he used to tell 
 at the expense of his friend Dr. James Murray, " the little man." 
 While one day on an antiquarian circuit through Rome with a party, 
 a window was thrown open by the wife of one of his patients : 
 "Come sta il vostro marito sta mattina?" " Sta bene." "Sol 
 thought," said the Doctor to his friends, " for I gave him a proper 
 strong dose last night." " Sta in cielo ! e morto," continued the 
 bereaved widow.
 
 220 THE CHEVALIER'S [i;64. 
 
 been close confined to bed. His disease seems rather to 
 be an universal decline of nature than any particular 
 complaint. His physicians however are of opinion that 
 he suffers much less pain in being thus confined to bed, 
 and that in this situation he has strength to spin out 
 years. But, as neither the cold of winter nor the heat 
 of summer have produced any real change on his health, 
 we have, alas ! little reason to expect that he can now 
 recover such vigour as to enable him to apply again to 
 business, which he has for some time past entirely aban- 
 doned. I am still at a greater loss what to say on the 
 other question you ask me. How the king has disposed 
 of the effects properly his own, can only be known after 
 his decease. It must however be obvious, that the funds 
 that enabled His Majesty to assist so many of his worthy 
 distressed subjects, are mostly personal to, and must die 
 with him, unless these funds are continued to his sons. 
 But who can conclude that this will or will not be the 
 case, or that the sons will be in a situation to imitate the 
 charitable example of the father? In short, Madam, I 
 should think myself culpable was I to flatter you with 
 hopes on an article of such consequence to you, and 
 which is attended with so much uncertainty. We ought 
 not indeed to despair ; we ought ever to trust in the 
 goodness of God. But in situations of this kind, reason 
 seems to point out to us always to prepare for the worst. 
 By such a conduct adversity never finds us asleep, and 
 consequently, if it comes it makes the less impression on 
 us ; whereas if we shall be happily disappointed, and 
 prosperity be our lot, we can easily bear with the change. 
 I cannot, I think, Madam, give you a greater mark of 
 my friendship and confidence than by writing to you 
 with so much candour on so delicate a subject : and I 
 hope you will never doubt of my readiness to embrace
 
 1765.] LAST ILLNESS AND DEATH. 221 
 
 every opportunity, when I can be useful to you, and 
 where I can give you real proofs of the sincere regard 
 with which I constantly am, madam," &c. 
 
 During the next two years Mr. Lumisden's 
 weekly reports to the Prince and others of his father's 
 '' dismal health,'' might almost have been stereotyped. 
 Towards the last we find this remark : "It is won- 
 derful how he holds out ; life itself must no doubt be 
 a burden ; but it is of much consequence to many of 
 his poor subjects." On the 26th of November, 1765, 
 he mentions some aguish attacks which had taken a 
 quartan character, and, though slight, were regarded 
 with uneasiness. Applications of bark checked the 
 fever ; but a great diminution of appetite was for the 
 first time manifest. By the 10th of December the 
 ague had abated ; but on the 27th it returned, ac- 
 companied with a fainting fit. Larger quantities of 
 bark being exhibited, the fever was again reduced, 
 and he continued to gain ground ; but, on the 1st 
 of January, immediately after dining with appetite, 
 he was seized with oppression in the breast, and died 
 unexpectedly at a quarter-past nine that evening. 
 
 By the first post which left Rome Mr. Lumisden 
 announced his master's death to Lord Dumbar at 
 Avignon ; to Lord Alford, Principal Gordon, Mr. 
 AVaters, and Mr. Strange at Paris ; to Mr. Fother- 
 ingham and Mr. Flyn in France ; and to his sister in 
 London. It will suffice to extract his letters to Mr.
 
 222 DEATH OF THE CHEVALIER. [1766. 
 
 and Mrs. Strange, with their answers, which prove 
 that the artist had not altogether abandoned the 
 sentiments of the life-guard's-man, nor the lady 
 forgotten the white cockade she had worn in Holy- 
 rood Palace twenty years before. 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Robert Strange in Paris. 
 
 "Jan. 7th, 1766. 
 
 " I have had, my dear Robie, an unlucky beginning of 
 the year. On the 1st instant, at nine and a quarter at 
 night, the King was relieved from the miseries of this 
 life. Notwithstanding of his long illness, his death was 
 a surprise on us, nor did we think he was so near his 
 end. Last night his body was carried to the Church of 
 the Twelve Apostles, which is ornamented in the most 
 magnificent manner ; and this morning the solemn ob- 
 sequies were performed there in presence of the Pope 
 and Cardinals. Amidst an infinite concourse of people, 
 his body has been carried to St. Peter's with the utmost 
 pomp.* You will easily believe the hurry I am in on 
 this mournful occasion. How things will be settled here 
 is more than I can at present say. I believe His Majesty 
 was on the road to Rome before the death of his father. 
 We expect him with impatience. Until he comes, or we 
 receive directions from him, I can determine nothing of 
 myself. I could not delay writing to you, and likewise a 
 line to our dear Bella. I flatter [myself] she will readily 
 excuse the shortness of my letter, when she reflects on 
 the many things I have naturally to do. Adieu, my dear 
 Robie : I ever am, with the utmost affection, your," &c. 
 
 * In his letter to Mrs. Fotheringham of same date, Mr. Lumisden 
 says, "I am just come from thence, having performed my last duty 
 to my gracious master, by putting his royal seal on his coffin."
 
 1766.] DEATH OF THE CHEVALIER. 223 
 
 Robert Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "Paris, Jan. 26. 1766. 
 
 " I received, my dear Andrew, with a concern I have 
 not words to express, your letter of the 7th ; and, how- 
 ever prepared I might be for the event, I could not re- 
 strain those tears which were due to the memory of a 
 prince whose virtues were equally great with his misfor- 
 tunes. I have wrote to my dear Bella along with your 
 letter, which will doubtless be an afflicting stroke to her. 
 I dined yesterday with Lord Alford, the Principal, and 
 Mr. Oaker ; his Lordship, poor man, is much disconsolate. 
 
 " We all now lay the foundation of our hopes upon 
 the conduct of his present Majesty, which I pray God 
 may be such as does him honour, and consequently revive 
 the drooping spirits of his few remaining faithful sub- 
 jects ; for such they are who are now attached to him. 
 By such a conduct alone will he regain his character, and 
 give the lie to the many aspersions he has received. I 
 pity your present situation, and resign with concern the 
 agreeable prospect I had in seeing you soon here. I 
 send you the enclosed letter, by which you'll see misfor- 
 tunes come not on us single, in that we have lost our 
 worthy friend Mr. Harper. Write me as often as you 
 can, and let me hear what you can say that is agreeable. 
 I shall only add, with my compliments to Mr. Hay, 
 &c. &c., I ever am, dear Andrew, yours affectionately." 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mrs, Strange in London. 
 
 "Jan. 7th, 1766. 
 
 " I cannot, my dear Bella, give you a greater proof of 
 my constant and tender remembrance of you, than by a 
 stealing a moment to write you this line. You will easily 
 believe how I am, and have been for some days, engaged
 
 224 DEATH OF THE CHEVALIER. [1766. 
 
 when I tell you, I am just come from rendering the last 
 mournful office to my Cousin. He died the 1st instant, 
 at nine and a quarter at night. Although long in a 
 declining state of health, I still thought he had strength 
 to have remained a little longer among us ; but, it pleased 
 God to do otherwise ; I still continue resolved on coming 
 to Paris, to have the comfort of embracing you there. 
 But, as I expect soon my young Cousin here, I can settle 
 nothing positively about myself till I have seen, and 
 given him an account of all my transactions. You may 
 be however assured that nothing less than an unavoidable 
 necessity will engage me to remain longer in a place of 
 which I am so heartily tired. May the year, thus 
 clouded to me, prove prosperous to you and your dear 
 children ! may you and they, in its progress, enjoy perfect 
 health, attended with every other blessing your heart can 
 desire. To hear of it will be the greatest pleasure I can 
 receive, all my happiness depending on yours. My heart 
 overflows with love and tenderness for you, and with 
 ardent prayers for you and your families' prosperity. It 
 gives me unspeakable pleasure to hear how much my 
 dear [nephew] Jamie is admired in Scotland ; I embrace 
 him and his dear sisters and brothers, and, with the 
 warmest sentiments of affection and love, I ever am, my 
 dear Bella," &c. 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "March 3. 1766. 
 
 " I received my dear Andrew's epistle of January in 
 the manner he may well suppose, although I was pre- 
 pared for it several days before. I will not renew your 
 grief nor my own by regretting the loss of that Friend 
 we equally honored and esteemed ; and yet I cannot be 
 silent, my heart is so full of that feeling of pain which
 
 1766.] DEATH OF THE CHEVALIER. 225 
 
 cannot be described, only known to one that suffers like 
 myself. If my twenty-years'-old acquaintance [the 
 Prince] is now at your house, on your knees present my 
 most respectful duty, nor blush to think a lady bid you 
 do so. O had I been of a more useful sex ! Had my pen 
 been a sword I had not been here sitting tamely by my 
 fireside, desiring you to do me a simple office like this. 
 In those years, so many and so long, I have not been 
 altogether idle, for I have made three fine boys, who I 
 hope will do me credit : they'll be recruits when I'm 
 gone ; I hope they'll all have Roman spirits in them. 
 I'll instruct them that their lives are not their own when 
 Rome demands them. Although I wish to see you, yet 
 I do not wish it at the expense of any breach of duty. 
 Till you have a free, honorable, and cheerful discharge, 
 do not dare to quit your post. Remember you are Cato's 
 son ; he preferred the public to every private consideration 
 whatever. I hope you will not construe this as if I had 
 a doubt of your worth ; no ! I only want to show you 
 that no time can alter my opinions of right or wrong, 
 having a mind entirely free and above self-interest of all 
 sort. I would rather meet you at Philipy, than that you 
 should take any step, to shorten the journey, that might 
 create a future pain : the filial love and duty we owe our 
 friend is always to be our chief consideration in every- 
 thing. I will not tire you more with a subject which I 
 know is as deeply engraved on your heart as mine. 
 Other subjects I will not give a place to here ; you shall 
 hear from me soon, and I beg you'll let me have the same 
 pleasure from you. I need use few words to assure you 
 that I am, with great affection, " Yours," &c. 
 
 It was probably the same enthusiasm that dic- 
 tated this letter and the following anonymous one to 
 
 VOL. I. Q
 
 226 LETTER TO THE [1766. 
 
 the editor of the Public Ledger, which is carefully- 
 preserved among the Strange papers as a relic of 
 their ancestress' more than sentimental Jacobitism. 
 
 "Sir, It is hoped that the impartiality by which you 
 are desirous to be distinguished, and in which consists 
 the chief merit of a public paper, will induce you to give 
 a place in yours to the enclosed. Justice is certainly due 
 to all mankind, and to none more particularly than to 
 the deceased. In whatever light we may have seen the 
 Prince who is the subject of this letter, it cannot be 
 denied that he was equal by his birth to the most illus- 
 trious ; for the absurd and malicious falsity often pro- 
 pagated concerning him never yet gained credit with any 
 unbiassed person. 
 
 " As a Prince, he was certainly entitled to our respect ; 
 as unhappy, he was a worthy object of our compassion ; 
 and as a countryman, we ought to rejoice at the good 
 character given of him by foreigners. In vindicating 
 his name from the malicious and foolish aspersions 
 thrown out against him in the most scandalous manner 
 by some, you will do an act of justice to the injured, and 
 cannot but receive the thanks of every lover of mankind; 
 and in particular of all who retain a due respect for the 
 Blood Royal of these kingdoms, and for the august 
 Person who so worthily fills the throne. 
 
 " I am, sir, your humble servant, 
 
 " A FRIEND TO TRUTH." 
 
 [Extract of a Letter from Rome, January 10th, 1766, 
 inclosed in the aboveJ\ 
 
 " On the first instant, about a quarter after nine at 
 night, died in this city the Chevalier de St. George ; a 
 Prince not more distinguished by an uninterrupted series
 
 1766.] PUBLIC LEDGER. 227 
 
 of misfortunes, than by the resolution and constancy 
 with which he bore them, and of whom it may with 
 justice be said, that, if many were enemies to his cause, 
 no one, acquainted with his real character, was ever so 
 to his person. In his early youth he gave undoubted 
 proofs of the most undaunted courage. At the battle of 
 Malplaquet he charged at the head of the household 
 troops of France, and that with so much intrepidity, that 
 the old officers of that celebrated corps cannot yet 
 mention his name but with a kind of enthusiastic 
 veneration. 
 
 " If, during the remainder of his life, the peculiarly 
 unhappy circumstances of his fate would not admit of a 
 farther exertion of the military, yet those same circum- 
 stances gave him an opportunity of shewing he was not 
 less endowed with the moral and Christian virtues. 
 Unfeigned piety ; an equality of temper, rarely to be 
 paralleled ; the most engaging behaviour to his inferiors ; 
 a generous sensibility of the losses of those who had 
 suffered on his account, while the most heroic resignation 
 scarce permitted him to feel his own, added new bright- 
 ness to his illustrious birth. And, as these have been 
 the objects of admiration to the Romans, during a resi- 
 dence of near fifty years, so will they render his memory 
 dear to all mankind, as long as the love of virtue shall 
 subsist. An exile from the cradle, bred up in the school 
 of adversity, grown grey beneath the weight of misfor- 
 tune, he well knew how to compassionate the unhappy. 
 And where his abilities could not extend to their relief, 
 his humanity would not deny them the tribute of a tear. 
 
 " Such was the amiable Prince, who is universally la- 
 mented in this capital. If it does not belong to us, at 
 this distance, to pronounce as to the validity of his pre- 
 tensions to a crown, it must at least be confessed, by all 
 
 Q 2
 
 228 LETTER TO PUBLIC LEDGER. [1766. 
 
 impartial judges, that none was ever more deserving of 
 one. This acknowledgment is a tribute justly due to the 
 memory of the Chevalier de St. George ; and this the 
 most zealous advocates for the present establishment in 
 Great Britain would not refuse him, had they been, like 
 the people of Rome, well acquainted with his merit." 
 
 "The above was sent to the Public Ledger, llth 
 February, 1766, and on the 22d was acknowledged as 
 follows : 
 
 " ' A FRIEND TO TRUTH ' has put our impartiality to a 
 test by which we choose not to abide, in publishing what 
 he has sent to us, an extract of a letter from Rome, 
 which we cannot think would prove acceptable to our 
 readers, or for our own credit to insert. "
 
 17489.] STRANGE IX FRANCE. 229 
 
 CHAP. IX. 
 
 MR. STRANGE'S PROGRESS UNDER LE BAS. HIS EARLY MINOR 
 WORKS. HIS GREAT SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS COMMENCED. HE 
 SETTLES IN LONDON. HIS PUBLICATIONS THERE. HE PLANS 
 A VISIT TO ITALY. 
 
 HAVING thus continued, without interruption, our 
 sketch of Mr. Lumisden's sixteen years' residence 
 at Rome, in the service of the Chevalier de St. 
 George, we are now to trace his brother-in-law's 
 adventures during that time. From the correspond- 
 ence printed in our fifth chapter, we learn that Mr. 
 Strange left Edinburgh in September, 1748, for 
 Rouen. There he remained until the following 
 June, enjoying Lumisden's society, and making good 
 progress in design under M. Descamps, at whose 
 academy he carried off the first prize; no incon- 
 siderable success in a country where drawing has 
 been generally more attended to than with us. 
 Hitherto, his leaning had been towards miniature 
 painting, but, flattered by the prospect of soon 
 rivalling any engraver in Rouen, he was resolved to 
 Q 3
 
 230 STRANGE'S STUDIES IN FRANCE. [17439. 
 
 adopt this profession, and to follow it in Paris. 
 Thither accordingly he proceeded, as we have seen, 
 about Midsummer, 1749, and lost no time in settling 
 himself in the atelier of Jacques Philippe Le Bas. 
 This artist was then at the height of his fame, not only 
 as a most laborious engraver, whose plates are said to 
 exceed five hundred in number, but as an instructor 
 whose pupils gained him high credit. Although 
 we do not possess materials indicating Mr. Strange's 
 progress under this master, there can be no question 
 of his diligence and success, stimulated by anxiety 
 to rejoin his wife and child, as well as by the 
 prospect of farther domestic demands on his pro- 
 fessional exertions. It was there he became ac- 
 quainted with the dry-point or needle ; an instrument 
 which his ingenuity greatly improved, applying it in 
 various novel ways to develope the beauties and 
 resources of his art. Indeed, we shall see that the 
 magic softness and unity of his matured style were 
 chiefly owing to a judicious adaptation of this tool, 
 and to cutting away from its pointings with the 
 graver. 
 
 Any attempt to distinguish with certainty, and 
 still more to class in chronological order, the early or 
 anonymous productions of distinguished men, must 
 be received with caution. It is, however, the duty 
 of Sir Robert Strange's biographer to collect what 
 scattered lights are yet available for tracing his
 
 174850.] HIS EARLY ENGRAVINGS. 231 
 
 professional progress, even by means of incon- 
 siderable works, now lost sight of or uncertain. 
 His own pen has already recorded how, during his 
 apprentice days, he was employed on cyphers and 
 osteology, and we shall mention three book-plates from 
 his hand. Commissions so undignified may startle 
 some readers, but they were not peculiar to Strange. 
 Hogarth was apprenticed to a silversmith, and his 
 dawning genius found its first development in en- 
 graving armorial bearings on plate : Sharpe long 
 found employment in lettering visiting cards, pewter 
 pots, or dog-collars ; and he used to reckon his door- 
 plates by hundreds: his favourite pupil, Skelton, 
 executed, for Mr. Charles Townley, a visiting card 
 ornamented with busts from the antique. These 
 instances will be found in the Life of Nollekens ; 
 and the number of eminent artists who have com- 
 menced as coach-painters is notorious. 
 
 From the dates which we formerly endeavoured 
 to supply, it would follow that Strange's six years' 
 apprenticeship ended about 1741, but we are unable 
 to give any information regarding him for the next 
 four years. Towards the close of that interval, 
 passed it may be with Cooper, he probably pro- 
 duced the two least meritorious plates that bear 
 his name, a portrait of Archbishop Leighton, and 
 a figure of Justice ; for, although the volumes to 
 which they serve as frontispieces are dated after 
 
 Q 4
 
 232 HIS EAELY ENGEAVINGS. [174850. 
 
 1746, the utter prostration of business at Edinburgh 
 during the Rebellion would naturally postpone the 
 publication of books prepared for issue before our 
 artist had mounted the white cockade. Leighton's 
 portrait is prefixed to an octavo volume of his 
 Expository Works, printed at Edinburgh in 1748 
 for David Wilson. It was done from a print by 
 R. White, and bears the signature, R. Strange, 
 sculp. At best a very poor thing, quite inferior to 
 the original, and scarcely improved by the few re- 
 touches observable in the London edition of Leigh- 
 ton's Select Works, ten years later, it seems to afford 
 no countenance to the anecdote that, on a subsequent 
 reissue, Strange, justly ashamed of his production, 
 retouched the plate on condition of suppressing his 
 name. Scarcely more successful was his allego- 
 rical frontispiece for Ruddiman's Answer to the 
 Rev. George Logan's Treatise on Government, 
 printed at Edinburgh in 1747. A contorted and 
 cumbrously draped figure of Justice (in Avhose 
 balance a whole scaleful of empty hands is out- 
 weighed by a single one holding the label veritas") 
 sets drawing and grace equally at defiance. The 
 antiquarian controversy becoming bitter, its reverend 
 promoter thus extended his sarcasms to the engraver, 
 holding him responsible for absurdities beyond his 
 province. " This picture is a monster of its kind, 
 for, in all pictures done by the most able hands, the
 
 174850.] HIS EARLY ENGRAVINGS. 233 
 
 length is always in a due proportion, being never 
 more than seven lengths of the head; whereas, 
 Justitia, Mr. Ruddiman's goddess, is full eight. It 
 is a disgrace to the engraver to set his name to it, 
 R. Strange, sculp. for the picture itself would 
 have told us his name to be strange, without placing 
 it at the lower part." Our artist could not as yet 
 choose his work; and to be occupied on a subject 
 so absurd in conception, and wretched in design, 
 was penance enough, apart from the poor pun to 
 which it subjected him. Indeed, his hand seems to 
 have responded to the disgust he must have felt 
 when employed upon very inferior productions, the 
 execution of such being usually so inferior that, 
 without his signature, no one could suspect them 
 to be from his graver. 
 
 His first independent undertaking was probably a 
 portrait of the Rev. William Harper in mezzotint, 
 of small folio size, after "W. de Xune's picture, 
 dated 1745. This gentleman, an episcopalian clergy- 
 man at Leith, published in 1775 a metrical version 
 of the Song of Solomon. He long continued the 
 attached friend and spiritual guide of the Lumisdens ; 
 and, as the signed plate remains with the artist's 
 family, it was probably an essay dictated by respect 
 and affection for him and them. To personal consider- 
 ations he may also have owed occasional commissions 
 for book-plates about this period. One of these,
 
 234 HIS EAKLY ENGRAVINGS. [174850. 
 
 identified by his name, and done for Dr. Thomas 
 Drummond of Logiealmond, after T. Wale, shows the 
 deserted interior of a library, lighted by the Goddess 
 of Morning's torch, while she draws aside the curtain, 
 the legend, Aurora est apta Musis, administering 
 a reproof to sluggards. The book-plate which 
 Strange executed for his brother-in-law Lumisden 
 before 1748, with many fanciful appendages, has no 
 interest beyond his signature. Another allegorical 
 vignette, of much higher finish, and signed, was 
 adopted by his son Sir Thomas for a similar pur- 
 pose ; it represents winged Time with hour-glass 
 and scythe, borne upon clouds by three cherubs 
 singing from books. This plate has been gilt, and 
 may have been executed in France. Animated 
 no doubt by his subject and the cause, as well 
 as by the mead of approbation anticipated from 
 the fashionable circle of Edinburgh, his powers 
 strained by the enthusiasm of her whose heart and 
 hand were to be the guerdon of his success, Strange 
 laboured with all love and loyalty on that portrait of 
 Prince Charles which we have described at p. 48. 
 It, consequently, exhibits a vast improvement on 
 previous efforts, giving good promise of future 
 excellence. The marks of haste which it bears 
 may be ascribed to duties of another sort required 
 from his arm as a lifeguard's-man, and which 
 for some time interrupted his peaceful pursuits.
 
 174850.] HIS EARLY EXGRAVIXGS. 235 
 
 At the close of the Rebellion a new direction 
 was given to these pursuits. Reduced for a time 
 promptly and secretly to gain the means of sub- 
 sistence, he could neither depend upon the tedious 
 labours of the graver, nor canvass for employment 
 among publishers whose occupation, like his own, 
 was temporarily gone. He therefore had recourse, 
 as we have seen, to the expedient of painting minia- 
 ture likenesses of the Jacobite leaders, victims of 
 the times, and, as such, popular, like himself, among 
 a wide circle of their countrymen. Although culti- 
 vated with great ability in England a century before, 
 this art was as yet little known north of the Tweed ; 
 and his success in it not only induced Strange to un- 
 dertake the responsibilities of matrimony, but, after 
 he had profited by the amnesty, directed his thoughts 
 to Italy as the proper field for cultivating his new 
 accomplishment. Several of these miniatures remain 
 in his family, and will be included in our list of his 
 drawings, Appendix, No. II. He did not, however, 
 entirely abandon his proper profession ; and to this 
 period may perhaps be ascribed two small heads of 
 Prince Charles, treasured among the family relics, 
 though unsigned; they are of high finish, and one 
 will be mentioned in a letter of 1789. In the same 
 collection, and printed on the same sheet, is that 
 larger one of this subject, very rudely etched, to 
 which we have alluded (p. 69.), as contributing to
 
 236 HIS EARLY ENGRAVINGS. [174850. 
 
 his support in the Highland fastnesses. In the 
 British Museum are two very small vignettes (?): 
 one a marble bust of Homer on a circular back- 
 ground, with the legend EXOTMEN HANTE2 
 HOTAMOI, in which Mr. Carpenter finds much of 
 Vertue's manner; the other, signed at Edinburgh, 
 representing Pindar's bust on a pedestal in front of 
 an oval mirror. We conclude our conjectural list of 
 Strange's Scottish plates with one excelling all the 
 others in artistic merit ; probably the latest of that 
 series, at all events the first that gave assurance of 
 eventual success. It is a folio portrait of Dr. 
 Archibald Pitcairn, after Medina, composed in the 
 style of Houbraken's works. It is signed R. Strange, 
 sculp. Edinr., and by him dedicated to Dr. John 
 Clerk, President of the Royal Society of Physicians 
 there. 
 
 We have now to ascertain which of our engraver's 
 early works may be imputed to his student life in 
 France. On reaching Rouen in the autumn of 
 1748, he found, among a small group of Scottish 
 exiles, Sir Stuart Thriepland and Hamilton of Ban- 
 gour. A portrait-plate of the latter in a furred 
 roquelaire, from an oil painting in possession of the 
 former, was presented by the late Earl of Buchan 
 to the Society of Scottish Antiquaries in 1782, as a 
 work by Strange ; and if this account be correct, we 
 may presume it to have been an oifering of friend-
 
 V- , : 
 
 
 ;,;;*>.>_. V. 
 V. ^'-^--*
 
 

 
 1749.] HIS EARLY ENGRAVINGS. 237 
 
 ship produced on that occasion. The plate has been 
 since published, with a memoir of Hamilton by 
 Mr. David Laing, in the Society's Transactions, iii. 
 p. 255. In composition and merit it is greatly in- 
 ferior to another portrait of the poet, which will 
 be found below at page 271. One more per- 
 formance appears to be of the same period ; 
 intended probably as a farewell memento from 
 Strange to his countrymen, on departing for Paris. 
 It is a fac-simile of the medal struck by Prince 
 Charles, having on one side his profile, with C. P. W., 
 and on the reverse AMOR ET SPES BRITANNIA. 
 The Museum impression is printed in red ; that in 
 the family collection heads a broadside with eighteen 
 lines of a Jacobite doggrel, dated May, 1749. 
 
 It is puzzling to single out all that Strange 
 finished in France anterior to the appearance of 
 those two plates which he considered worthy to 
 stand at the head of his collected engravings. But 
 the most interesting of them is an oblong vignette, 
 known as the Death of the Stag, signed R. Strange, 
 1749, being an exact copy of a proof in the family 
 collection, which bears the name of Le Bas, 1746. 
 The natural inference is, that this was his trial-piece 
 on entering the academy of that master, and in beau- 
 tiful execution he perhaps never surpassed it. Im- 
 pressions are very rare, fetching readily fifteen shil- 
 lings ; but it has been electrotyped for this volume,
 
 238 HIS EAELY ENGRAVINGS. [1749. 
 
 and will be found on the opposite page. About this 
 time also he may have executed the vignette which 
 bears his name, after H. Gromlet, of a nymph in 
 fluttering drapery, standing in a garden alley, and 
 holding a mask. These two plates have been gilt, 
 and remain with his descendants, along with proofs 
 of the three following, which, if from his burin, may 
 have been done while in France. Two slight etchings, 
 in the manner of Lepicie, representing the interior of 
 an artist's study : in one of them a lady sits for her 
 portrait among a group of friends ; in the other, a 
 pope, with his attendants, while visiting a crucifixion 
 on the easel, are startled by the sudden withdrawal 
 of a curtain, behind which a human model is disco- 
 vered tied up to a cross. Finally, a small rocky land- 
 scape, in the foreground of which five naked boys are 
 swinging on a fallen tree : a charming composition, 
 which, though executed in a light and spirited 
 manner, very different from most of Strange's works, 
 may be regarded as his not only from family tradi- 
 tion, but as impressions of it there and in the 
 Museum are taken on the same sheet of paper with 
 an etching proof of his infant St. John asleep. It 
 has much of Boucher's character, and may be ac- 
 counted for by an anecdote in Nagler, that Le 
 Bas, highly pleased with his pupil's progress, offered 
 him employment on a series of prints after that 
 painter, then at the height of his reputation, which
 
 1749.] HIS EARLY ENGRAVINGS. 239 
 
 Strange declined, believing himself destined for 
 better things. I regret to say that careful inquiries 
 at the Bibliotheque Impe*riale, and in the print- 
 shops of Paris, have not enabled me to throw any 
 farther light upon Strange's early productions, or 
 upon his connection with Le Bas. 
 
 It is a usual fate of persons eminent in art or 
 literature to be held accountable for works in which 
 they take no part. This observation may possibly 
 apply to one or two among the preceding list ; at all 
 events, to two questionable pieces, of Nymphs Bath- 
 ing, after Watteau, which we have not seen. And 
 we may pronounce as spurious three engravings, 
 ascribed by Nagler to Sir Eobert: 1. " The Flem- 
 ish Farm ; Praedium Hollandicum, from the paint- 
 ing of Le Nain, in the possession of Robert Strange " 
 (misprinted in Nagler " La Femme Hollandaise ") ; 
 a homely subject, coarsely executed in mezzotint, 
 and signed " J. Mitchell, sculpsit " : 2 and 3. Two 
 mezzotints, after Rembrandt, of his Father and a 
 Jew Rabbi, are with greater probability ascribed by 
 Le Blanc to one William Strange, an obscure artist 
 of the eighteenth century, regarding whom I have 
 discovered no particulars. We shall here close this 
 dry catalogue of Sir Robert's early minor produc- 
 tions, which it seems sufficient thus summarily to 
 indicate ; but we propose to notice critically, in the 
 order of their publication, each of his more im-
 
 240 HIS ELEVATED TASTE. [1749. 
 
 portant plates, adding such allusions to them as he 
 has himself anywhere given us.* 
 
 Thrice have the French borrowed, without being 
 able to naturalise, the higher types of pictorial art. 
 The influence of Michael Angelo, imported by Rosso 
 of Florence and Primaticcio, ran quickly to sickly 
 extravagance at Fountainbleau. Those classic ten- 
 dencies which Nicholas Poussin successfully culti- 
 vated in Rome languished on the canvases of 
 Jouvenet and Le Sueur. Finally, the pure forms 
 of Greek sculpture were recast by David and his 
 followers with theatrical mannerism. Painting had, 
 indeed, quite another mission to perform in France, 
 by contributing to the elegancies of that artificial 
 life whence its subjects have there been habitually 
 taken. Thus was its character intrinsically deco- 
 rative and sensuous. It pandered to the follies of 
 fashion, it encouraged the vagaries of a vicious 
 standard. In the exercise of much technical ex- 
 cellence it was content to satisfy and commemorate, 
 without seeking to elevate, the public taste. While 
 Watteau, Lancret, and Boucher were all-popular 
 as painters, Le Bas could not be expected to refuse 
 his burin to subjects which secured its success. 
 Hence, in the five great folio volumes of his col- 
 
 * A chronological list of Strange's engravings, so far as I have 
 been able to ascertain them, will be found in No. L of the Appendix.
 
 1750.] HIS ELEVATED TASTE. 241 
 
 lected engravings at the Bibliotheque Imperiale 
 monuments of a long-sustained industry on some- 
 what mechanical principles we find scarcely a re- 
 ligious or historical representation, and the Italian 
 masters are known by only a few landscapes. So 
 too had it been with Descamps at Rouen ; and amid 
 such tendencies Strange could scarcely hesitate in 
 choosing his line. It thus naturally happened that 
 his earliest considerable work was from a sparkling 
 little AVouverrnans, entitled Le Retour du Marche ; 
 wherein a peasant and his wife returning home- 
 wards on their market-cart are about to pick up a 
 wayfaring woman, who rests by the roadside suck- 
 ling her babe. This, the only example from his 
 graver of what the French term a tableau de genre, 
 proves incontestibly that, had its exercise been 
 continued in that line, his reputation could noways 
 have suffered. The vapoury atmosphere, the gra- 
 dation of tones and lights, are delicate in the ex- 
 treme, and bear comparison with the best of his 
 master's unequal plates, while the painter's character 
 and feeling are most satisfactorily expressed. His 
 next effort was after a picture in which Vanloo had 
 represented a favourite and promising pupil, eleven 
 years of age, as the God of Love, leaning on his 
 bow beneath a rock, and archly leering with a some- 
 what Correggiesque expression. " At Paris, in the 
 year 1750, this and the foregoing print appearing 
 
 VOL. I. K
 
 242 HIS ELEVATED TASTE. [1750. 
 
 together, and being the first I had ever engraved 
 of the kind, it was with some difficulty that the 
 public believed that I was the author of both, they 
 are treated in such opposite manners : the one with 
 that neatness which is best suited to the style of 
 many of the Flemish painters ; the other with that 
 freedom which corresponds with the greater style 
 of history, where every object receives its value 
 from the freedom and variety of the execution." 
 Such is the notice by their author of these, the 
 earliest considerable plates undertaken on his own 
 account ; but the public must have had a motive for 
 surprise beyond what his modesty has suggested, 
 since, from the ateliers of Descamps and Le Bas he 
 had passed at once into the foremost ranks of a 
 profession demanding either long practice or intense 
 application. Yet, though thus rivalling all living 
 competitors in Flemish and French subjects, some- 
 thing farther was wanting to his own satisfaction. 
 Those impressions left on his taste by Richard 
 Cooper's Roman importations, and, perhaps, fos- 
 tered by discussions upon these with that first in- 
 structor, while apprentices still shared their master's 
 domestic circle, were revived in his mind when the 
 time arrived for adopting a career ; and we shall 
 find his energies for the future dedicated to Italian 
 paintings of the highest class. These two prints 
 were published at the humble price of half-a-crown 
 each, from originals then in the cabinet of Le ]S T oir
 
 1750.] HE SETTLES IN LOJs T DON. 243 
 
 the painter, but now in the Dresden gallery ; a 
 beautiful replica of the "Wouvermans, however, 
 adorns Mr. Holford's collection. The Retour du 
 Marche may have been undertaken by Le Noir's 
 encouragement, as it bears a dedication from him 
 to his friend M. Prevost, while its companion is 
 inscribed by Strange to his late instructor in Rouen ; 
 a tribute of respect honorable to both. 
 
 It would be indeed desirable to have some account 
 of Mr. Strange 's Parisian life, and of the impressions 
 he recei\ 7 ed on visiting a brilliant capital where he 
 was first exposed to the full influence of elevating 
 art. We must not, however, forget that the national 
 collections of France were not placed on their pre- 
 sent footing until after the first fall of the Bourbon 
 dynasty, and that even the royal pictures had scarcely 
 yet been brought together in the Luxembourg ; 
 so that artists were then mainly dependent upon 
 casual facilities from private owners. Of his labours 
 we possess an enduring record in the two engrav- 
 ings just described. Early in October, 1750, he left 
 Paris for London, where, in the following spring, he 
 resolved to establish himself, hoping for better en- 
 couragement and a freer access to pictures worthy 
 of his burin than he could have looked for in the 
 Scottish metropolis; indeed, he never returned to 
 Edinburgh after 1748. Mrs. Strange gladly joined 
 him with her girl, having spent but few months 
 
 R 2
 
 244 HIS ANATOMICAL PLATES. [17512. 
 
 in his society since their love-marriage four years 
 before. Immediately upon his settling in Parlia- 
 ment Street, he imported from Rome, through Mr. 
 Lumisden, a number of engravings after celebrated 
 masters, either as commissions for friends, or, as 
 seems more likely, for general sale with a view to 
 extend in England a taste for works of a high class, 
 an object of which through life he never lost sight, 
 and which he endeavoured to promote by hazarding 
 extensive speculations in prints and pictures, as well 
 as through his own works. Along with the first 
 lot of engravings, to the value of about fifty dollars 
 (including those from the Vatican and Farnesian 
 frescoes, and others after Carlo Maratti and Salvator 
 Rosa), Mr. Lumisden informed him that " Maratti 
 himself never engraved any of his own designs : 
 Guido indeed did, but the plates are not now extant, 
 and 'tis rare to find copies of these prints. If I can 
 meet with any of them I shall be sure to buy them 
 for you." Other remittances of the same sort accord- 
 ingly followed in after years. 
 
 Mr. Strange's first occupation on his return to 
 England was procured for him by his countryman 
 and steady friend Dr. William Hunter ; and it was 
 the more welcome from his anatomical studies while 
 in Cooper's studio. That eminent physician was 
 then preparing his magnificent work on the Gravid 
 Uterus, which appeared in 1774, illustrated by en- 
 gravings after designs of critical accuracy by Van
 
 17512.] HIS ANATOMICAL PLATES. 245 
 
 Rymsdyk. The plates were executed almost entirely 
 by French artists under the advice of Strange, who 
 contributed the fourth and sixth, both representing 
 anatomical sections of the most difficult and delicate 
 character. The latter is particularly elaborate, re- 
 quiring six months' continual application; for which 
 his charge of 100Z. was considered most moderate. 
 Such at least was Lady Strange's statement to Dr. 
 Alexander Munro ; but there is an apocryphal anec- 
 dote in circulation, that, when his price for it was 
 asked, he said the labour being beyond all price, he 
 would accept of none. Be that as it may, Dr. Hunter 
 handsomely, in his preface, expressed thanks, " par- 
 ticularly to Mr. Strange ; not only for having by his 
 hand secured a sort of immortality to two of the 
 plates, but for having given his advice and assistance 
 in every part with a steady and disinterested friend- 
 ship." Rymsdyk's drawings, very delicately treated 
 in red chalk, are preserved in the Hunterian Museum 
 at Glasgow; but the plates have passed to the 
 Sydenham Society, by whom a reissue of the work 
 was sent out in 1851. The drawings bear various 
 dates, from 1750 to 1766, the sixth being of 1750. 
 Professor Simpson of Edinburgh, the highest living 
 authority, has pronounced it, " as a mere work of 
 art, perhaps the most beautiful anatomical plate that 
 has ever been given to the world." 
 
 During the following year he was able to devote 
 B 3
 
 246 THE MAGDALEN AND CLEOPATRA. [l"53. 
 
 himself to more congenial labours, in preparing the 
 plates of his Magdalen and Cleopatra, both after 
 Guido. The latter was from a picture belonging to 
 the Princess of Wales, to whom both were inscribed, 
 a circumstance throwing light upon this extract 
 from Mr. Lumisden's letter to him of the 13th June, 
 1752: "It gives me a sensible pleasure to hear 
 that you have at last found proper pictures, and 
 should have been still more so had you procured 
 them by the means of some one else ; but I can add 
 nothing to what my friend in Edinburgh has so 
 judiciously said to you on this head, for I know your 
 prudence will make the best use of what has happened, 
 without giving any one just reason to say that a 
 change of fortune has produced in you change of 
 sentiment." Mr. Strange was certainly no bigoted 
 Jacobite ; but we shall afterwards find that this 
 peace-offering to the rising powers failed to conciliate 
 the future monarch. It was, indeed, with the special 
 exception of his Apotheosis after West, the last as 
 well as the first time our artist sought patronage by 
 the then almost universal expedient of a dedication. 
 
 These companion engravings, which were issued 
 in the spring of 1753, at only four shillings each, are 
 probably as popular as any that ever came from his 
 burin, and fully warrant M. Charles Le Blanc's 
 observation, that " Strange's improvement was most 
 rapid, the works which he put forth soon after quit- 
 ting M. Le Bas establishing his reputation as one of
 
 1753.] RAPHAEL MEXGS. 
 
 the most distinguished engravers in Europe." To 
 the same purpose is Mr. Lumisden's flattering testi- 
 mony : " It gives me infinite satisfaction to hear of 
 the vast progress you have made in your profession. 
 I can assure you that none in Italy comes near you ; 
 nor do I find there ever was such an engraver a 
 native of Italy. Frey was a Swiss. I heartily 
 thank you for the six sets of your prints, which are 
 as many as I have use for." " I cannot express the 
 pleasure I have in seeing your prints ; they exceed 
 my expectation. I have already shown them to 
 some of the virtuosi, who all justly admire them, and 
 bestow on you the highest praises. Go on in the 
 same way, and you will establish a character that 
 time cannot destroy." " I have given one set of 
 your prints to Menks, who says as much of your per- 
 formance as you could desire, and this from such 
 a judge gives me great satisfaction." Regarding 
 Raphael Mengs we have, in Lumisden's letter-book 
 for 1753, this interesting notice: "A few months 
 ago came from Dresden a Saxon painter called 
 Mincks. He is thought superior to any of the 
 Romans. His works are, indeed, surprising. He 
 was formerly here, and studied Raphael for about 
 seven years. He is the King of Poland's painter, 
 who gave him a pension of near 400 livres a year, 
 besides paying him liberally for whatever he paints 
 for him. He is to do three immense large pictures 
 
 E 4
 
 248 RAPHAEL MEN'GS. [1753. 
 
 for a church at Dresden. He showed me the designs 
 of them ; they are most beautiful. Sensible that 
 Rome is the best place for a painter to improve his 
 taste, he is to execute all his works there." Three 
 years later the subject thus recurs : " I have, indeed, 
 a reluctancy to recommend any of the British painters 
 to Mengs, as I observe they seldom agree. For 
 unless a student goes into his method he will have 
 nothing to do with him. His method is that his 
 scholars should design accurately before they begin 
 to colour. But as this requires time, and as our 
 countrymen are generally advanced in years before 
 they come here, they have seldom time or money to 
 pursue their studies in this way ; and which, by the 
 bye, I believe is the properest manner of arriving at 
 any degree of perfection in painting." Lumisden, 
 though no connoisseur of art, was right in these 
 views. Mengs, as yet scarcely twenty-five, had 
 almost every quality of a great painter but com- 
 manding genius. The rigid discipline of his youth 
 made him one of the most conscientious and pains- 
 taking of artists, qualified to teach by precept and 
 example, though unable to reform a degenerate age. 
 Mrs. Strange, after a visit to her family in the 
 summer of 1752, was confined of a girl, who died in 
 February, 1753; and in June, looking forward to 
 another such arrival, she besought Mr. Lumisden's 
 influence with his master the Chevalier to stand god-
 
 1753.] STRANGE'S INCREASING FAMILY. 249 
 
 father by proxy, should the babe prove a boy, which 
 brought this reply : 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mrs. Strange. 
 
 " July 24. 1753. 
 
 " I lose no time, my dear Bella, in acknowledging the 
 receipt of yours of June 2oth, subjoined to Robie's of the 
 16th. I am very anxious to hear of your safe delivery. 
 I observed with pleasure what you said on that head ; 
 and our Cousin, being informed of your desire to name 
 the little gentleman after him, greatly approved of it, 
 and empowers Mr. Friend [?] to be his proxy ; and, as a 
 mark of his friendship for you, gave out of his own hand 
 one of the finest gum-flowers ever you saw, which had 
 been presented to him that day by a convent of nuns. I 
 shall carefully send it with the portrait [of himself], &c., 
 and I am persuaded that you'll value it so much as to put 
 it in a frame 'and glass. Say everything that is kind and 
 affectionate from me to my dear Mr. Friend : you cannot 
 say too much. Assure him that our Cousin is no stranger 
 to his merit, which was particularly taken notice of on 
 this occasion. He sincerely regrets that misfortunes in 
 trade do not allow him to assist his distressed relations ; 
 and this, to one of his generous sentiments, is no small 
 affliction ; but I hope trade will soon be more prosperous. 
 * * * Wishing you a happy delivery and speedy reco- 
 very, I ever am, with a most affectionate heart," &c. 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "London, July 30. 1753. 
 
 "My dear Andrew, I'm just waiting for the happy 
 hour, the sharp shower, and the canny moment, the 
 account of which will come to you in course ; at present,
 
 250 STRANGE'S INCREASING FAMILY. [1753. 
 
 I thank God, I'm perfectly well. I bless God all's well 
 in Edinburgh. Our dear little Bruce has lately had the 
 small-pox, but, Lord be praised ! is now recovered ; they 
 write me she will not be spoiled with them, but as her 
 life and eye-sight is preserved, I'm happy. Honest Sir 
 Stewart [Thriepland] attended her close; I hear his 
 lady is with child. Lady Cunningham is dead ; did no 
 more good in her end than in her life. Her son, the 
 Dr., is led by the nose by his Madam and Baillie 
 
 Ar t, so you may judge what figure he makes; keeps 
 
 the parish kirk close ; Sir William's debt is almost paid 
 by the mother's long life. When you get the box, you'll 
 get the Memoirs of the Court of Augustus, on condition 
 that you'll return it, for the support of my vanity and 
 the ornament of my library, it having a fine panegerick 
 wrote on the first page by the author, when he made a 
 present of it to my Lord : 'tis in Greek and Latin ; the 
 learned thinks it pretty, and the ignorant thinks it so. 
 The rest, which Robie purchased, I wish you much good 
 of. He has bought all Pope's works for me, with which 
 I think myself very rich. I make no hand of the 
 French. I find old sparrows are ill to tame, so have 
 quite given it up till you come and ding it in me : and 
 yet I hope you'll always have something else to do than 
 take that trouble ; but I will charge you with the tuition 
 of my son in the hou-seller. * Pray make my compli- 
 ments in the very kindest manner to Mr. Edgar, the Dr., 
 and his lady ; and may God Almighty bless and preserve 
 you to all your friends, and your affectionate sister, 
 
 "ISABELLA STRANGE." 
 
 The name of the proxy, suppressed from political 
 risks, has not been preserved ; but the boy who thus 
 
 * Quaere, sely-how ? See Jamieson's Dictionary, v. how.
 
 17534.] STRANGE GOES TO PARIS. 251 
 
 obtained the name of James Charles Stuart Strange, 
 lived to the age of eighty-seven, and will be occa- 
 sionally mentioned in these Memoirs. 
 
 Mr. Strange went to Paris late in the autumn on 
 professional business, and partly, it would seem, to 
 look out " for one bred an history engraver," such as 
 Lumisden had vainly attempted to send him from 
 Rome. In August, 1754, the latter writes: " I am 
 glad that you have at last got a fit person to assist 
 you in those parts of your work that only consumed 
 your time ; this will make your two prints appear the 
 sooner." Yet no artist of eminence was during his 
 whole career more independent of extraneous aid ; 
 and Leigh Hunt has observed, that he occupied him- 
 self on the most mechanical parts rather than entrust 
 them to others, going to work with the dawn, the 
 longest day being too short to fatigue his hand. 
 Even thus early did his fond brother-in-law foresee 
 the natural results of such imprudence : "As I know 
 how anxious you are to execute whatever you take 
 in hand, I am vastly apprehensive you will impair 
 your health by too much application : let me, there- 
 fore, conjure you to take from time to time moderate 
 exercise on horseback or otherways, which will be the 
 best medecine you can take to preserve a life valuable 
 to the public, as well as to your family and friends. 
 * I observe you have been very much employed, 
 and I heartily congratulate you on the purchase of
 
 252 DORIGNY'S PLATES. [17534. 
 
 Dorigny's two plates, which I know are very valu- 
 able, and were thought to have been lost at sea. 
 How often have I admired the two pictures they are 
 taken from I The print of the Descent [from the 
 Cross, by Daniel da Yolterra] I never saw, but I have 
 frequently seen the one of the Transfiguration [after 
 Raffaele] : this last has been sold here for some years 
 past to English travellers for four crowns. I should 
 be glad you sent me a few copies of each, and let me 
 know the price you sell them at, and if I find they 
 can be disposed of here at the same rate, I shall 
 inform you ; though 'tis only strangers that give good 
 prices for things here." Mr. Strange having fallen 
 upon these plates at Paris, was not slow in securing 
 for the English market two of the most eminent and 
 
 O 
 
 important productions of an engraver who was the 
 earliest, from the days of Marc Antonio, to devote his 
 graver chiefly to Raffaele, and who represented him 
 with freedom and fidelity. The superior execu- 
 tion of the Transfiguration not only is considered by 
 Walpole to have " raised Dorigny's reputation above 
 all the masters of that time ; " but it led to his 
 being encouraged to undertake the Hampton Court 
 Cartoons. I have seen nothing to bear out M. Le 
 Blanc's assertion that Strange retouched these works 
 by Dorigny ; but nine years later, while in Rome, he 
 sold to Piranesi the two plates in question (executed 
 in 1705) by a sample of Parisian proofs, so superior
 
 17534.] FAMILY INTERCOURSE. 253 
 
 to those subsequently taken from them at Rome 
 with bad workmanship, that the purchaser attempted 
 to resile from his bargain. This Mr. Strange re- 
 sisted, but generously offered to have them printed 
 off in Paris. Eventually Piranesi was satisfied with 
 his bargain. 
 
 The warm affection invariably subsisting between 
 the Stranges and their exiled brother sought an 
 interchange of more than letters. Commissions were 
 frequently sent to Italy, especially for prints, in- 
 cluding the publications of Piranesi and Frey, and 
 the most choice engravings after the great masters, 
 in which it would seem that Mr. Strange now carried 
 on a considerable traffic. In acknowledgment of 
 trouble so taken, Mr. Lumisden received from Par- 
 liament Street many a timely gift of books, clothes, 
 and occasionally money. Even Scotch short-bread 
 was not forgotten as a Christmas regale to the 
 emigres. " Your brown cloth made its appearance 
 on the last day of December [1753]. 'Tis the 
 genteelest suit I ever had, and admired by every- 
 body : 'tis lined with a silk of the same colour, full 
 mounted with gold buttons, and a green silk waist- 
 coat richly laced. How happy would I be to appear 
 with it at the cross of Edinburgh ! " " As you 
 desire to send something to my worthy friend [Mr. 
 Edgar], I believe you can send nothing more accept-
 
 254 STRAXGE'S REMARKS ox [17545. 
 
 able than some fine pig-tail, for he eats a great deal 
 of tobacco ; you may likewise send him a cheese." 
 
 Mr. Strange moved in 1754 to the Golden Head, 
 in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, where he re- 
 sided and published his works until 1762. A pair 
 of engravings appeared there, in the spring of 1755, 
 from originals, in the possession of Henry Furnese, 
 by Guido and Andrea Sacchi, recommended pro- 
 bably by the opportunity they afforded of treating 
 the nude, rather than by interest in the subjects or 
 beauty of composition. Accordingly, their great 
 merit consists, apart from a faithful transfusion of 
 these masters' respective characters, in the exquisite 
 rendering of the flesh. Of Guide's Liberality and 
 Modesty, Mr. Strange remarks, that " no figures can 
 be more expressive of the characters they represent 
 than those before us. They are in general elegantly 
 drawn, and remarkable for grace. There is a candour 
 and openness in the one, which in the other is finely 
 contrasted with that diffidence and becoming sweet- 
 ness which are the greatest ornaments of the sex. 
 Clothed with elegance, emblems of riches accompany 
 the former ; while with one hand she presents with 
 dignity, she, by holding a compass in the other, 
 circumscribes her generosity with prudence. The 
 latter, attired in a simpler drapery, received the 
 present offered her with a mildness suited to the 
 character of Modesty. A Cupid presiding in the
 
 17545.] GUIDO AND SACCHI. 255 
 
 air, and holding in his hands a label, adds greatly to 
 the general composition." The companion picture, 
 " Apollo rewarding Merit and punishing Arrogance, 
 from the Roman school, does honour to the artist. 
 It is evident that the painter has taken his idea of 
 the principal figure from the Belvedera Apollo. 
 The figure whom Apollo is crowning is no more 
 than a common portrait, and serves to make a con- 
 trast between the divine and human form. He was 
 a singer in the Pope's chapel, doubtless celebrated 
 in his profession, and the picture, in all probability, 
 was meant as a compliment to him. In other 
 respects he does not interest us. The story of 
 Marsyas is well known, and he is painted with a 
 masterly freedom. The whole of the picture has a 
 style of colouring in it resembling the artist's cele- 
 brated St. Romualdo at Rome, by its clearness and 
 harmony." * Partly as a relaxation from these 
 employments, and in some hope of finding another 
 eligible purchase of plates, Strange crossed to Paris 
 in August, returning home in December. During 
 this time he made two drawings from Pietro da 
 Cortona, which he gave to the world in 1757. The 
 impending war with England may have hastened 
 
 * In his collected works Strange has placed this pair after the 
 Annunciation of Guido and the two Carlo Maratti's ; but I follow 
 Le Blanc's arrangement, as it is confirmed by the date 1755 on these 
 plates, and by Lumisden's letter books. Their price was seven and 
 sixpence each.
 
 256 STRANGE'S RISING FAMILY. [17557, 
 
 his departure ; but his baggage, containing plates and 
 prints, was detained in the French custom-house 
 even before hostilities had broken out, and the in- 
 fluence of the Chevalier de St. George was put in 
 requisition by Lumisden for its recovery. 
 
 The year 1755 did not pass without incidents in 
 his domestic circle. A son, born in May, and named 
 after Mr. Lumisden, died in the following January 
 of small-pox, at which time his eldest brother nearly 
 fell victim to that miserable scourge. In July 
 Mrs. Strange was called to Edinburgh to attend the 
 sick beds of her father and mother, aided by her 
 eldest girl. The former rallied for a time ; but this 
 was the prelude to sad family misfortunes, com- 
 mencing with the death of Mrs. Lumisden this 
 summer, and closing with that of her husband about 
 sixteen months later. On these events we said what 
 seemed necessary in our sixth chapter. Mrs. Strange 
 had scarcely recovered from her confinement of 
 Isabella Kathrine, in December 1756 (a babe not 
 long spared), when she heard that her father had 
 breathed his last, neither in peace nor in unity with 
 his affectionate children ; and, as soon as her health 
 permitted, she proceeded to look into his affairs at 
 Edinburgh, where she was painfully so occupied 
 till October, 1757 ; an irksome duty continued during 
 several recurring years. The following pleasing, 
 though perhaps partial notices of her little ones
 
 17539.] STRANGE'S RISING FAMILY. 257 
 
 occur in letters to her brother of 1758-9 : " My 
 little Jamie was put into breeches last Sunday. He 
 looks most charming; when he went to the park 
 everybody called him the Young Chevalier. His 
 hat has a silver button and loop, with a silver cord 
 round it and tassel : you must advise me to bring 
 him [to Rome] with me. My little jewel Andrew 
 seems to have the finest ear for his age I ever knew. 
 I must positively bring him to Italy to improve him 
 in music ; anything for an excuse. * * * * Mary 
 Bruce seems to like writing best of any. She'll 
 dance with a very graceful air, although she is far 
 from possessing beauty, yet there is something agree- 
 able about her, and she is very like her dear Papa. 
 Jamie is like me, not marked with the small-pox as 
 his sister is. He has a fine temper, but for Andrew, 
 he truly is the most compleat charmer I ever saw, 
 both in body and mind. His complexion is as brown 
 as mine, and his eye as dark. God make them all 
 good, for you see I make them all bonny." Again, 
 in announcing the birth of another, Isabella Kathe- 
 rina, in 1759, she says : "You see I'm disappointed of 
 a little Robie, tho' my dearest has his wish in getting 
 a little Bella : she is quite a Venus in miniature." 
 
 Mr. Strange's indefatigable hand sent forth three 
 large works during 1757. Of these a pair, after 
 pictures by Pietro da Cortona in the Hotel de 
 Toulouse, were of classical subjects, recommended 
 
 VOL. I. S
 
 258 PIETEO PA CORTONA. [1757. 
 
 to him not less by contrast of treatment than by 
 historical importance. His critical notice of them 
 runs thus : " The Finding of Romulus and Remus 
 is beyond all question one of the most interesting 
 compositions in painting, and the masterpiece of 
 Pietro da Cortona. It is elegant in design, although 
 the painter was in general a mannerist. It is finely 
 coloured, rich and luxuriant in fancy and effect, and 
 gives us an idea of a fertile country, decorated as 
 yet by nature alone. In Czesar repudiating Pompeia, 
 the grandeur of this scene is finely contrasted with 
 the simplicity of the former. In the one we perceive 
 a country which, though rich, is still in its infancy ; 
 whose descendants became the assertors of civil 
 liberty, and whose conquests ultimately produced 
 that profusion of riches, crowns, sceptres, temples, 
 palaces, &c., here exhibited to the view. A principal 
 personage too engages our attention, by whom those 
 liberties (the liberties of his country) were sacrificed 
 to an inordinate ambition, of which himself became 
 at length the victim." To this criticism, character- 
 istic of the age in which it appeared, many will now 
 demur. The former scene, although of surpassing 
 beauty, carries no impress of its theme; the latter 
 appears as devoid of attraction as of dignity. And 
 that peculiar blemish into which Strange occasionally 
 fell, called by the French macrot, and described in 
 our concluding chapter, was seldom more apparent
 
 1757.] CHILDREN OF CHARLES I. 259 
 
 than in the sky of his Romulus and Remus. A 
 third engraving, issued this year, was taken from 
 Salvator Rosa's gigantic picture of Belisarius, pre- 
 sented by Frederick the Great to the first Marquis 
 of Townshend, and exhibited at the British In- 
 stitution in 1854. Strange calls it " a noble monu- 
 ment of greatness and misfortune," and it is beyond 
 question a favourable example of the picturesque 
 and wildly poetic grandeur which that artist could 
 happily introduce while representing history.* We 
 may here mention another print, finished about this 
 time, although not published until 1758, of the three 
 children of Charles I. who successively wore the 
 crown their father had lost. It is graceful in treat- 
 ment, and full of home-feeling to a Briton, especially 
 to a Jacobite. The original by Vandyck, then in 
 Kensington Palace, is now at Windsor ; and a small 
 sketch of the picture is No. 143. of the Louvre 
 Gallery. Mr. Strange became acquainted at Rome 
 with a duplicate, carried thither by the Chevalier 
 de St. George, but which has lately been acquired 
 by the present Duke of Hamilton. This was the 
 only plate to which he never finished a companion : 
 
 * Horace Walpole has left us some interesting criticism on this 
 picture, compared with Vandyck's treatment of the same subject ; 
 see Catalogue of Engravers, voce Scotin. And no professional 
 jealousies having yet clouded Strange's progress, the notice given of 
 these three engravers in the Critical Review, vol. i. p. 94., was fa- 
 vourable to him. 
 
 8 2
 
 260 STRANGE'S PROPOSED [1755. 
 
 its price was six shillings, that of the preceding 
 three, seven and sixpence each. Lumisden records 
 Raphael Mengs' approval of these works as " exe- 
 cuted with great taste and elegance, and a proof 
 that others as well as the French could engrave ; 
 and at the same time he expressed his desire to have 
 some work of his engraved by such a master." 
 
 Strange's early formed and constantly cherished 
 taste for Italian art, his ambition of giving to the 
 world and familiarising to his countrymen some of 
 the best specimens of the great masters, the tie of 
 kindred and affection which bound him to Rome, 
 were all strong attractions towards the Mediterranean 
 shores. In November, 1755, Mr. Lumisden writes 
 to him thus : " I begin to anticipate the pleasure 
 of seeing you here. If you continue the design of 
 coming to this place, I flatter myself that I shall 
 have little difficulty to get you full access to all the 
 principal collections; and, with regard to other 
 things, it shall be my business to make your abode 
 as easy and agreeable to you as possible. I shall 
 have a particular eye to such pictures as I think may 
 be proper for you. Although the painters have 
 chiefly employed their pencils on religious subjects, 
 yet they have not entirely neglected profane history ; 
 and there are no doubt severals of the latter here 
 not yet engraved. And such as are engraved are 
 generally badly executed ; witness the Battle of
 
 1755.] JOURNEY TO ITALY. 261 
 
 Alexander and Darius, the Sacrifice of Polyxena, 
 Xenophon sacrificing to Diana, and the Rape of the 
 Sabines, all capital pieces of Pietro da Cortona 
 etched by Pietro Aquila. The picture you mention 
 of Antony and Cleopatra which you are told is by 
 Cortona, but which I believe is rather by Guercino, 
 the great master of expression would make a noble 
 print, and, as I am informed, never was engraved. 
 The painter having seized the point of time when 
 Antony supposed that the lady had poisoned him, 
 she, dressed in a royal mantle, is on her knees de- 
 claring her innocency; Antony is at full length in 
 profile ; and I have often thought that his figure had 
 some likeness to King Charles II., as perhaps there 
 is some resemblance, too, in their characters of gal- 
 lantry. In the Spada Palace there are several fine 
 pictures, but particularly two, that would entirely 
 answer your purpose. One is the Rape of Helen, by 
 Guido, in which he has exerted all the delicacy of 
 his pencil: Paris, attended by his companions, is 
 leading her, attended by her maids, to the ships to 
 embark ; the figures of Paris and Helen are incom- 
 parably fine. The other picture is the Death of 
 Dido by Guercino : Dido, surrounded by her sister, 
 nurse, &c., is lying on the funeral pile with the 
 dagger in her breast, just yielding up her love-sick 
 soul, at the present point of time, when Virgil makes 
 her say, at the end of the [Fourth] ^Eneids, acci- 
 
 s 3
 
 262 STRANGE'S PROPOSED [1759. 
 
 pite hanc animam, meque his exsolvite curis. The 
 expression is wonderful." " Let me add the Death of 
 Germanicus, by Poussin. This picture, which is in 
 the Barberini Palace, is remarkable for the various 
 degrees of affliction of those that assist at the melan- 
 choly event, and is oftener than once taken notice of 
 by Abbe du Bos. I do not know indeed if ever it 
 has been engraved, but that you can easily learn." 
 The prevailing taste, in Italy as well as England, 
 then inclined to history and mythology rather than 
 sacred subjects, and it was largely shared by Lumis- 
 den, who, on his return from Germany in 1759, thus 
 reverts to the subject : " My journey through 
 Germany afforded me little pleasure. It was not so 
 when I came into the Venetian territories: I saw 
 there many masterpieces in architecture and painting 
 that deserved to be examined with more care than 
 my time would permit me, for my Cousin was 
 anxious for my return. * * Let me tell you in 
 general that most of the pictures I saw of Titian, 
 Paul Veronese, and others of the Venetian schools, 
 although very fine, were all religious subjects ; and 
 such, I doubt, would not answer your purpose. At 
 Bologna, I saw some fine pieces of Albani that would 
 be agreeable subjects for prints, viz., Venus lying on a 
 sopha, and Cupid leading up Mars to her ; Venus or 
 Ariadne with Bacchus and Ceres ; Nymphs of Diana 
 bathing : these are in the Monti Palace. And in the
 
 1757.] JOURNEY TO SPAIK. 263 
 
 Zampieri there is a Dance of Cupids, which is one of 
 the most wonderful of Albani's works. In the Monti 
 Collection I saw the Liberality and Modesty of 
 Guido, which is indeed a most beautiful picture. The 
 Monti family pretend that the one in England is 
 only a copy. Guido and the great masters fre- 
 quently repeated the same subject. Their works, 
 too, were often copied by their scholars and retouched 
 by themselves; whether the one in England is of 
 this last kind you will be better able to judge when 
 you have seen the one at Bologna.* I am glad you 
 have seen something of Mengs' painting." 
 
 Some modification of Strange's Italian project 
 having occurred, and his attention being diverted 
 rather towards Spain in 1757, Mr. Lumisden says : 
 " I have not yet had time to consider your Spanish 
 plan; I shall, however, just set down what at present 
 occurs to me on it. No doubt there are many capital 
 pictures in that country ; but whether there are 
 pictures to be bought in Spain at such prices as would 
 answer your intention is what I know not. You 
 might, indeed, have the pleasure of seeing the King's 
 Collection, and making such drawings as you might 
 afterwards engrave. I must, however, think that it 
 
 * See above, p. 254. Strange pronounced the Monti picture a 
 repetition by Guido, but damaged. Mr. Lumisden's list of attrac- 
 tive chef (Tceuvres is a fair sample of the mythological preferences 
 then in vogue. 
 
 8 4
 
 264 LUMISDEN REMOVES TO [1757. 
 
 would be better for you first to visit Rome, where 
 you might not only finish some drawings to engrave, 
 but also find a great many pictures that would answer 
 well in a London sale. It is true there are scarce 
 any capital pictures to be bought at Rome ; but one 
 of your judgment could find out a number of good 
 copies and middling originals, which I fancy are the 
 ones that would produce most money in the way of 
 trade ; but you are better able to judge of this than 
 I am. I own I am interested that you should visit 
 Italy as 'soon as you conveniently can ; at the same 
 time I am persuaded that you may do it very advan- 
 tageously for yourself. It would be a vast satis- 
 faction for me to attend you on any excursion, and 
 to spend the remainder of my life as much with you 
 as possible. But while my Cousin lives I shall not 
 probably quit him ; but whether my young Cousin 
 may afterwards employ me as a book-keeper is what I 
 cannot possibly know. If he does, I cannot refuse ; 
 out at any rate you may be sure that I shall readily 
 concur in every scheme that you think may be useful 
 to you." 
 
 In^ 1757 Lumisden suggested that Mrs. Strange 
 with the children, at all events with the eldest girl, 
 Bruce, should accompany her husband on his pro- 
 posed journey, and in February, 1758, he actually 
 moved into " a convenient little house " opposite the 
 Ciogni Palace, in the Via de' Lucchesi, at a short
 
 1753.] A FAMILY RESIDENCE. 265 
 
 distance from the Chevalier's residence, in hopes of 
 receiving them as his guests. It consisted of four 
 rooms, besides closet, antichamber, kitchen, and cel- 
 lar ; but many delays were destined to intervene ere 
 Mr. Strange became its inmate. Immediately after 
 recovering from a severe attack of fever, in January, 
 1758, he issued proposals for three more plates, to 
 be published before his departure, with the following 
 prospectus contributed by Lumisden : 
 
 " To transmit to posterity the works of the great 
 painters is one of the many advantages of engraving. 
 Had this useful art been known to the ancients, we 
 might by its means have enjoyed the compositions of 
 Apelles, Xeuxis, and the other celebrated masters of 
 antiquity, whose works are now lost. Such a loss can 
 only be repared by preserving the works of the most 
 eminent of the moderns. 
 
 " If the Italians revived, they have also excelled in, 
 the art of painting. Their pictures are become one of 
 the riches of their country ; for although many of their 
 works are now scattered through Europe, their capital 
 pieces are only to be found in Italy. It is there we can 
 judge with certainty of the merits of Raphael, Correggio, 
 Dominichino, Guercino, Titian, A. Caracci, and the 
 other renowned Italians. 
 
 " Many of their wonderful compositions are much 
 injured by the length of time, and want of proper care 
 of their proprietors : some of them are in danger of being 
 soon entirely lost, as others are in effect so by being re- 
 touched by late artists. This is the universal complaint 
 of those who visit Italy ; 
 
 " ' A fading fresco there demands a sigh ! '
 
 266 PROSPECTUS OF [1758. 
 
 " Although some of these paintings have been engraved 
 by able hands, many, however, of them have either not 
 been engraved, or are so badly executed, that we cannot 
 in the prints trace any of the beauties of the paintings 
 from which they are taken. 
 
 " Mr. Strange, who has given the public repeated 
 proofs of his talents in this ingenious art, has been 
 pressed by his friends to undertake a journey to Italy, 
 to engrave some of the works of these great masters 
 before they are quite defaced. He is the more easily 
 induced to comply with their desire, as the art of en- 
 graving seems to be at present in a low state in that 
 country. And, indeed, although this art owes its birth 
 to Florence, it has been always more cultivated elsewhere 
 than in Italy. Most of the engravers who have acquired 
 reputation there have been foreigners ; witness the late 
 Giacomo Frey, a Swiss. 
 
 " But, as such a scheme must be attended with great 
 expense, and require years in executing, Mr. Strange 
 flatters himself that his friends will continue their 
 favours to him, by subscribing for the following prints, 
 in order to enable him the better to execute his intended 
 undertaking; an undertaking that will be highly ac- 
 ceptable to the lovers of the fine arts in general, and do 
 honour, he hopes, to his country in particular." 
 
 The works thus pompously ushered were three In 
 number : one, the St. Agnes, as a companion to 
 Belisarius ; the other two forming a pair. Of the first 
 Strange says : " Painting cannot convey to us a more 
 perfect idea of sweetness and female innocence than 
 the figure before us. Domenichino, whose works are 
 remarkable for truth and naivete of expression, has
 
 1758.] NEW ENGRAVINGS. 267 
 
 in this almost surpassed himself. We may suppose 
 indeed that, when he painted this picture, he had his 
 eye upon the St. Cecilia of Raphael, for there is 
 some affinity between them. St. Agnes is graceful 
 and easy, and she receives with a devout respect- 
 fulness [the crown of martyrdom as] the reward of 
 her innocence. An ox led to slaughter and a cupid 
 holding a lamb are emblematical of the subject." 
 After for a time bestowing its powers upon some- 
 what heavily draped figures, Strange's graver now 
 returned to luxuriate upon the delicate texture of 
 female limbs, in Guide's seductive representations of 
 Venus attired by the Graces. " Justly," observes 
 he, "may this artist be termed the painter of the 
 Graces. Elegance of ideas ever accompany his 
 pencil. Every head is beautiful, and every extremity 
 partakes more or less of the observation. In the 
 character of Venus, it is evident that the painter has 
 taken his idea from one of the Daughters of Niobe, 
 a head replete with all the beauty of the antique." 
 In the companion subject Strange w r as less for- 
 tunate. The allegory of Hercules tempted by 
 Pleasure, while listening to the counsels of Virtue, 
 wants the grand character in which Nicholas Poussin 
 excelled, and forms a foil rather than a contrast to 
 the attractive Guido which it is intended to match. 
 The St. Agnes and the Venus were from Kensington 
 Palace, the Hercules from Mr. Hoare's collection.
 
 268 CARLO MAEATTI. [1760. 
 
 Their prices were, respectively, seven and sixpence, 
 half-a-guinea, and seven and sixpence. 
 
 These engravings were distributed in the autumn ; 
 but Strange did not yet consider that he. had earned 
 repose, or set his studio in order for his journey, 
 until he had put forth a pleasing pair of religious 
 subjects after Carlo Maratti ; a painter then much 
 in vogue among his countrymen, few of whose pro- 
 ductions rival in beauty the Farce Somnum Rumpere 
 from Dr. Chauncey's collection. The Madonna 
 unveils her slumbering babe to the admiring contem- 
 plation of St. Catherine and an angelic group ; a com- 
 position in which Strange found the character of Raf- 
 faele to be happily combined with that of Guido, but 
 where the somewhat mannered grace of Correggio 
 may more readily be recognised. Its companion, under 
 the title of Te Deum Laudamus, though called by 
 Strange a Madonna and Angels, represents a St. 
 Cecilia chanting amid an angelic choir. It is per- 
 haps the least meritorious of his important plates; 
 the original went with the Houghton Gallery to St. 
 Petersburgh. These two were published in the be- 
 ginning of May, 1760, at six shillings each. 
 
 We may here mention another pair of pleasing 
 prints, forming one subject, the Annunciation by 
 Guido, the exact date of which we cannot ascer- 
 tain from the Lumisden correspondence ; but which, 
 being published at the Golden Head, must have
 
 1760.] STRANGE'S MINOR PRODUCTIONS. 269 
 
 appeared between 1754 and 1760. Le Blanc con- 
 jecturally places them in 1756, and in Strange's not 
 always chronological classification they come in after 
 Guide's Cleopatra, for which refer back to p. 246. 
 Dr. Chauncey was then in possession of the originals, 
 which were exhibited at the British Institution in 
 1854 by Lieut.-Col. Brandling ; and the engravings 
 were issued at two shillings each. 
 
 This seems also a fitting place to consider several 
 minor productions, of uncertain dates, but prior to 
 Strange's Italian journey. Book illustration would 
 have unquestionably given him early and certain 
 returns for professional labours, while the execution 
 of large and elaborate plates, at his own risk, not 
 only demanded protracted application, but deferred 
 its reward until sales had been widely effected. In 
 a man of indolent habits, even in an anxiously soli- 
 citous parent, these considerations might have stifled 
 ambitious longings; but eminence in the highest 
 walks of his art was the goal he had in view, and 
 neither assiduity nor self-reliance were for a mo- 
 ment wanting for the long effort it required. He 
 accordingly engraved little for current literature, 
 and that little he probably undertook rather to ob- 
 lige authors than to satisfy publishers. This was at 
 all events the case with his obstetric plates for Dr. 
 Hunter in 1750, and with the Antiquities of Passtum 
 for Bruce of Kinnaird in 1764; both of which we
 
 270 STRANGE'S MINOR PRODUCTIONS. [174362. 
 
 have elsewhere mentioned. His other performances 
 of the same class, subsequent to 1750, may now be 
 thus cumulatively disposed of : 1. Among the Anti- 
 quities of Athens, illustrated by Stuart and Revett 
 in their great work which was produced between 
 1748 and 1762, is the Temple of the "Winds; and 
 in vol. i., chap, iii., are given bas reliefs, repre- 
 senting the eight quarters whence these blow. Lips 
 and Zephyr, the South-west and West, are signed by 
 Strange, while Kaikos, the North-east, is ascribed to 
 his graver : the others were done by Basire, and bear 
 his name. 2. More to his taste, and therefore much 
 more satisfactory in execution, are a series of small 
 circular portraits, mentioned by Lumisden in 1758, 
 as undertaken for an early edition of Smollett's 
 History ; a statement I am unable to verify. They 
 are of unequal merit ; Charles I. being very poor, 
 Queen Mary of Scotland, good ; Thomas Cromwell, 
 Earl of Essex, still better ; the Earl of Strafford and 
 the Great Montrose, excellent. Of the last, M. Le 
 Blanc infonns me that a deceptive copy has been 
 made. By him and others, the set is stated to in- 
 clude Prince Charles Edward, but I have been un- 
 able to verify this in any collection. Possibly, how- 
 ever, the Prince usually so classed may be one al- 
 ready mentioned at p. 235., and thus referred to by 
 Lady Strange in a letter to her husband of 1789. "A 
 propos, where is the plate you had engraved of my
 
 \M HAMILTON 
 .o in-.
 
 174862.] STRANGE'S MINOR PRODUCTIONS. 271 
 
 Prince several years agoe, which never was pub- 
 lished? It is but small; such a one as is now 
 wanted for a book. I believe I could get ten 
 guineas for it, which is better than nothing. I 
 believe you had it engraved from our best and largest 
 miniature." 3. The portrait prefixed to Hamilton 
 of Bangour's poems in 1760 has been incidentally 
 referred to at p. 236. The plate came into possession 
 of the late Charles Kirkpatrick Sharpe, of Hoddam, 
 and having been lately purchased by me, is here 
 introduced. 4. In the British Museum is a very 
 good medallion head in profile of " II divino Ariosto" 
 signed by Strange, and inscribed " Medaglia del 
 Doni." 5. Lastly, eight heads of Roman person- 
 ages, apparently from medals, have been ascribed 
 to him on I know not what authority : they bear 
 names, and references to the work they illustrate, 
 thus: 
 
 Sextus Pompeius - - - - p. 77 
 
 Cassius - - - - - - 111 
 
 Antony Caesar Lepidus - 204 
 
 Cleopatra - - 227 
 
 Octavia, Caesar's sister ... 327 
 
 Livia, Caesar's wife - 342 
 
 Mecaenas - - - - - - 349 
 
 Marcus Vespasianus Agrippa - - 360
 
 272 STRANGE'S MISUNDERSTANDING [17 GO. 
 
 CHAP. X. 
 
 MR. STRANGE DECLINES TO ENGRAVE PORTRAITS OF GEORGE IH. 
 
 AND THE EARL OF BUTE. THE ANNOYING RESULTS OF THIS. 
 
 HIS QUARREL AVTTH ALLAN RAMSAY. HE SELLS SOME OF HIS 
 
 DRAWINGS, AND GOES TO ITALY. HIS DRAWINGS AND PURCHASES 
 
 OF PICTURES THERE. MRS. STRANGfi's CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 WHILE Mr. Strange was rapidly extricating him- 
 self from the professional impediments which retarded 
 his departure for Italy, there arose an unlooked-for 
 obstacle, which not only occasioned him great im- 
 mediate annoyance, but threw a partial blight over 
 his prospects, and in some degree soured most of 
 his after life. Our knowledge of the circumstances 
 has, until now, been derived solely from his printed 
 letter to the Earl of Bute, necessarily an ex parte 
 statement, but one not hitherto impugned ; yet 
 there was obviously something, whether of misun- 
 derstanding or of malign influence, that remains un- 
 explained. Allan -Ramsay, a courtier as well as 
 court painter, being employed, in 1758, on full- 
 length portraits of the Prince of Wales and of his 
 Royal Highness' favourite, Lord Bute, whose pa- 
 tronage Ramsay enjoyed, hinted to his countryman 
 Strange, that it would be acceptable in the highest 
 quarter, were he to engrave one or both of these
 
 1760.] WITH THE EARL OF BUTE. 273 
 
 pictures. As such an engagement, inferring either 
 two or four years' labour, would entirely interrupt 
 the journey he had long planned and even publicly 
 announced, Mr. Strange at first demurred to what he 
 regarded as a suggestion originating with the painter 
 himself; and soon after, on consulting friends, de- 
 clined the proposal, to Mr. Ramsay's evident disap- 
 pointment, but with a full explanation of those cir- 
 cumstances which prevented his compliance. About 
 a fortnight later, Strange received, through Mr. 
 Chambers, the architect, a message from the Prince, 
 desiring that he would lay aside all other commis- 
 sions in order to execute both portraits ; in return for 
 which he was offered one hundred guineas, and his 
 Royal Higlmess's patronage to the public subscrip- 
 tion for the prints. Mr. Strange conceived, from 
 the inadequate amount of this remuneration, that 
 the Prince had supposed the work such as might 
 require but a few months ; a calculation afterwards 
 confirmed by the fact that Mr. Ryland, who wrought 
 on these plates nearly four years, received 507. in 
 each quarter, besides 105Z. for his drawings and the 
 copyright. Mr. Strange, therefore, repeated to Mr. 
 Chambers, for the Prince's information, the same ex- 
 planation he had offered through Ramsay ; and sub- 
 sequently heard from him that his Royal Highness 
 had expressed himself in all respects satisfied with 
 the reasons thus assigned. To his consternation, he 
 
 VOL. I. T
 
 274 STRANGE'S MISUNDERSTANDING [mo. 
 
 soon after ascertained that Ramsay was representing, 
 on Lord Bute's authority, the Prince as so provoked, 
 that he could not bear to hear Mr. Strange's name 
 mentioned. During these incidents, and especially 
 after they had so ended, Strange sought opportu- 
 nities, personally and by letter, of stating the matter 
 to Lord Bute, and sent proofs of his three engravings 
 of 1759 to the Prince, his mother, and the Earl, 
 without obtaining either notice or satisfaction. The 
 sunshine of courtly favour being thus withdrawn at 
 its very dawn, our artist found himself the victim of 
 many false and injurious reports, and learned that 
 Lord Bute had said of him, " It is a thing we are de- 
 termined never to forgive." Finally, before setting 
 out for Italy, he detailed the whole case to Mr. Dai- 
 ton, who was much about the Prince, and who re- 
 plied with a shrug that Lord Bute was entirely 
 under Ramsay's influence. 
 
 Thus much from Strange's published explanation 
 of what seems but a paltry basis for a serious quarrel 
 and a permanent wrong. The kindness of my friend, 
 Mr. David Laing, of the Signet Library at Edin- 
 burgh, has placed at my disposal his private corre- 
 spondence with Ramsay regarding this incident; 
 which, though long, is important, and will, therefore, 
 be found at No. III. of our Appendix. It is therein 
 obvious that Mr. Strange considered himself most 
 unjustly calumniated by the prevalent reports of his
 
 1760.] WITH THE EARL OF BUTE. 275 
 
 having, from political feelings, refused to occupy his 
 hand upon a portrait of the heir-apparent to the 
 throne; and, farther, that the slights he received 
 from Lord Bute satisfied him that his conduct 
 must have been looked on at Court in this 
 light. As Ramsay was a professed courtier, protege 
 of the future minister, and the medium through 
 whom the proposal first reached him, it was 
 natural for Strange to presume that this aspersion 
 had originated in his suggestions ; at all events, that 
 it had not been anticipated by his frankly stating 
 those cogent reasons for the refusal which the en- 
 graver had assigned to him at the time. Further, 
 Ramsay, as painter of the portrait in question, might 
 naturally feel offended at its rejection, and disposed 
 to resent this as an affront. But, from the very 
 strong and pertinacious manner in which a man of 
 Strange's generally equable temperament charges 
 him with having actually propagated the injurious 
 rumours, and rejects his deprecatory, though evasive 
 and ungracious explanations, we cannot but conclude 
 that these accusations, and the term " scoundrel," 
 applied to him a year afterwards, were the result of 
 deliberate conviction, not of hasty anger. It is easy 
 to conceive that a feud so bitter, with a brother- 
 artist of Ramsay's influence and success, must have 
 raised no light prejudice against Strange ; and we 
 here allow it more place than professional squabbles 
 
 T 2
 
 276 STRANGE'S MISUNDERSTANDING [I/GO. 
 
 usually merit, seeing that the latter not only regarded 
 it as having much influenced his after fortunes, 
 but even ascribed to this the exclusion of his branch 
 of art from the Royal Academy. 
 
 A word as to the probable motive for Strange's 
 refusal of Lord Bute's commission. Were we to 
 estimate this step by mere pecuniary considerations, 
 his good sense might be justly impugned ; for the 
 portraits in question would surely have commanded 
 a better immediate sale in England than any his- 
 torical engravings.* But, apart from any conscious- 
 ness of inconsistency in devoting his graver to a 
 dynasty and party against whom, some few years 
 before, his swordjiad been drawn, Strange had set his 
 heart on historical art of the highest class, and was 
 not lightly to be turned aside by inducements which 
 might have tempted more interested men to postpone, 
 for a time, the indulgence of their taste and am- 
 bition on pursuits of more enduring reputation. 
 
 Estimating the dependence of artists in those days 
 on the smiles of prince or peer by the standard of 
 
 * "With respect to the painting which he refused to engrave, it 
 is said that his Majesty, on meeting with it among some other 
 lumber, a few years before Sir Robert's death, expressed himself in 
 high commendation of the spirit which refused to perpetuate so 
 wretched a performance, however urged to such prostitution of 
 genius and the engraver's art." So says the Fingask MS. ; but 
 however right Strange then was to decline the commission, and to 
 prefer Raffaele or Guido, Ramsay's works merit no such disparage- 
 ment, whether emanating from royalty or from the over zeal of his 
 rival's friends.
 
 1760.] WITH THE EARL OF BUTE. 277 
 
 our own time, we should inadequately appreciate the 
 sinister results which so false a position was calcu- 
 lated to entail upon Strange. Before many months 
 passed, the Prince had mounted the British throne, 
 and Lord Bute was Prime Minister. Some five and 
 twenty years elapsed ere he was re-admitted to his 
 sovereign's favour, while, in the interval, the Royal 
 Academy had been founded, and his name pointedly 
 And permanently passed over. Thus do momen- 
 tous consequences follow from very paltry intrigues, 
 and their importance in the present instance induces 
 us, if possible, to trace out the cause. 
 
 Mr. Strange's political antecedents, and still more 
 his close connection with an official in the Muti 
 Palace, offer a ready solution of any disfavour or 
 suspicion emanating from the Court of St. James'. 
 Horace Walpole accordingly wrote to Sir Horace 
 Mann, British Minister at Florence, in May of this 
 year: "I am going to give a letter for you to 
 Strange, the engraver, who is going to visit Italy. 
 He is a very first-rate artist, and by far our best. 
 Pray countenance him, though you will not approve 
 of his politics. I believe Albano is his Loretto." 
 Yet this cannot be accepted as altogether satisfactory. 
 He was one of many whose Jacobitism was rather 
 a transient influence than a rooted principle: like 
 them, he had been amnestied. His first English 
 plates had been dedicated to the Princess of "Wales, 
 
 T 3
 
 278 THE CONDUCT OF [l760. 
 
 and proofs of each successive engraving had been 
 accepted by her Royal Highness, and by her son, 
 the heir-apparent of the throne. He had offered 
 the compliment of selecting four of his seventeen 
 finished works from pictures in Kensington Palace, 
 to which access had been freely accorded him. Nay, 
 several of these are said to have graced the walls of 
 " the butcher of Culloden," and to have conciliated 
 the marked goodwill of Lord Bute. Some new 
 occasion of offence must, therefore, have been given 
 or presumed. Can this have been his merely de- 
 clining a commission offered at a moment when he 
 was not free to accept it ? Or, may the favourite 
 have taken umbrage that a countryman should have 
 dispensed with his patronage, and defeated the hope 
 of seeing his own features, and " the best leg in 
 England," transmitted by the best burin of the day ? 
 Or, is it not probable that Strange's answer and its 
 motives were misrepresented by Ramsay or Cham- 
 bers? As to the dispositions of the latter we can 
 say nothing; but some light will now be thrown on 
 Ramsay's anti-jacobite prejudices from the Lumisden 
 letter-books. 
 
 Allan Ramsay, a " far-away cousin, " or cadet of 
 the earls of Dalhousie, settled at Edinburgh in the 
 beginning of last century as a wigmaker, exchanged 
 that in those days substantial trade for a book-shop, 
 and became the most popular of pastoral bards in the
 
 1760.] ALLAN RAMSAY. 279 
 
 Scottish dialect. His eldest son Allan was bred an 
 artist; and in February, 1755, Mr. Lumisden writes 
 from Rome to Mr. Strange : " Mr. Ramsay, wife, 
 and sister, arrived here about Christmas. Though I 
 I never visit strangers that do not either first visit 
 me, or inform me of their arrival and desire to see 
 me (the reason of which will readily occur to you), 
 yet I thought I might safely dispense with this rule 
 in the case of Mr. Ramsay, so I waited on them im- 
 mediately on their arrival. The reception I met 
 with was very dry : I ascribed it to the fatigue of the 
 journey. Had Allan been alone, I should not have 
 visited him again until he had returned my visit, 
 but on account of the ladies I made them other two 
 visits, when I found the same dryness still continued. 
 After laying some circumstances together, I easily 
 perceived that my visits were not agreeable. You 
 will, therefore, not be surprised if I do not deliver 
 your commission, for, unless Mr. R. visits me, and 
 expresses a desire to cultivate a friendship, I shall 
 never wait on him again. I thought, indeed, to 
 have rendered both our stays here more agreeable by 
 a mutual intercourse. I shall only add that I have 
 had the honour to be visited by lords, members of 
 parliament, and persons of at least as great con- 
 sequence and fortunes as A. Ramsay. * * * * I 
 intended to have shown him all the civilities in 
 my power. What I most regret is to be deprived of 
 
 T 4
 
 280 THE CONDUCT OF [1757. 
 
 the pleasure of a song from my old friend Katty." 
 In June the subject is resumed to his sister, 
 with obvious allusion to her comments on the pre- 
 ceding passages. "I am vastly entertained with 
 your lively and just remarks on e the prudent ones : ' 
 how different is such prudence from wisdom ! "Tis 
 so shallow that it does not deserve the low name of 
 cunning. They are despised by one, the contempt 
 of another, and laughed at by all. I am still on the 
 same footing with A. R. and family ; I have not seen 
 or heard from one of them since I wrote : they 
 shall enquire for me before I enquire for them. If 
 Robie, however, sends him copies of his new prints, 
 I shall find a way to convey them to him, though I 
 think he may delay that compliment till he returns 
 home. Mrs. R. has been delivered of a daughter 
 since her arrival here." In June, 1757, Lumisden 
 writes : " Ramsay left Rome about a month ago ; I 
 hear he is at Florence on his way to England. He 
 has left his daughter about two months old at Rome, 
 and says he will return back for her in two years. 
 * * * We know that Ramsay owed his wife to acci- 
 dent not to merit. He may have acquired from 
 great practice to paint a head, but surely he can 
 neither paint a drapery nor draw a figure. He went 
 sometimes to the academy here, where he drew, but 
 they were such figures as every one laughed at, and 
 wondered how he could pretend to be a painter. In
 
 1760.] ALLAN RAMSAY. 281 
 
 this article Mr. Nevay, and a dozen other British 
 students, might have been his masters." 
 
 We give these full extracts in order to show that 
 Mr. Lumisden, favorably predisposed towards Ram- 
 say and his family, found his advances repelled by 
 them during above two years; that he thereupon 
 conceived a strong prejudice against his countryman 
 as a man and an artist, and impressed this dislike 
 upon the Stranges. The truth seems to be that 
 the painter, bent upon cultivating powers in the 
 ascendant, feared to compromise his chances at St. 
 James' by any semblance of connection with the 
 Jacobites, and that the secretary, always on the de- 
 fensive against such men, resented as personal this 
 politic reserve. But we now come to traces of a 
 reciprocity in these aversions. On the 20th of 
 April, 1759, Lumisden writes to his brother-in-law: 
 " I am sorry that your proposals, which I think are 
 sensible [see above, p. 265.], should not have pro- 
 duced a larger subscription, but I find the rascally 
 behaviour of Ramsay is partly the occasion of it : his 
 conduct does not surprise me, as I have long had a 
 bad opinion of his heart." And again, in November : 
 " Mr. Seton writes to his son that your three plates 
 are superior to your former works. Such per- 
 formances, in spite of the impotent malice of the 
 little fellow you mention, will be infinitely valued 
 by the curious, when his name and works will be no
 
 282 STRANGE'S MOTIVES [i?6o. 
 
 more known." It thus would seem either that the 
 enmity existing between Ramsay and Lumisden on 
 political and personal grounds was extended to his 
 brother-in-law, or that separate grudges existed 
 between the two Scottish artists. It may be that 
 Strange's answers to Ramsay and Chambers, when 
 declining Lord Bute's commission, having reached 
 the Prince's ear in no friendly version, or accom- 
 panied by insinuations compromising to his loyalty, a 
 prejudice was thereby raised, which we shall find in 
 operation even after his return to England. As 
 regards the main question from which we have thus 
 digressed, Mr. Strange's biographer must regret an 
 incident which, acting upon a mind conscious of 
 merit and sensitive to neglect, tended to sour his 
 feelings towards the Court and the artists of Eng- 
 land, and thus probably added new inducements to 
 his remaining abroad, at much sacrifice of his domes- 
 tic enjoyments. 
 
 Although inferring some repetition, it may be well 
 to give Mr. Strange's exact motives for his journey 
 as subsequently set forth in the introduction to his 
 Descriptive Catalogue of 1769. " Since the time of 
 the memorable revival of the arts in the fifteenth 
 century, Italy, without doubt, is the country which 
 has produced the most celebrated painters. There 
 are none who have penetrated so deep as they into 
 the secrets of this art, or reached to such a height in
 
 1760.] FOR VISITING ITALY. 283 
 
 the sublime. A purity and correctness of design, the 
 most noble expressions, elegant forms, just propor- 
 tions, elevated ideas, and a fertility of genius, give 
 a superiority to their productions, which no other 
 artists would have been able to attain. It is only 
 by studying and meditating upon the works of the 
 Italian masters that we can reasonably expect to 
 form a true taste, and to defend ourselves against 
 the destructive and capricious sorcery of fashion, 
 which changes almost with the seasons, and of 
 which the most applauded and finest efforts, in the 
 space of a few years, generally appear to be, what 
 they really are, unnatural and ridiculous. 
 
 " Influenced by these considerations, after having 
 experienced the favour and protection of the public, 
 in the reception which they gave to several en- 
 gravings which I executed after capital paintings 
 of great masters, I resolved to undertake a journey 
 into Italy, where I foresaw that I might be able to 
 make such a collection of drawings as would furnish 
 matter of still greater entertainment for the public, 
 and would gratify that species of taste which I saw, 
 with great pleasure, was every day rising higher, 
 and diffusing itself farther in this opulent country ; 
 and I flatter myself that my hopes have not been 
 disappointed. I employed several years in travelling 
 through, and residing for some time in, all the prin- 
 cipal cities of Italy ; where both in the churches and
 
 284 THE STATE OF [1760. 
 
 in the palaces of the great, I met with many excellent 
 pictures, which appeared to me to be highly worthy 
 of being made more generally known. I attached 
 myself principally to the most agreeable subjects, 
 and especially to such of those as had not been 
 already engraved, or only imperfectly. In the execu- 
 tion of the drawings which I have made from these 
 pictures, I had peculiar advantages through the 
 favour and munificence of several princes, and other 
 considerable personages in Italy (which I shall ever 
 remember with gratitude), and I exerted all the 
 ability I was master of; insomuch that, if I have 
 not vainly flattered myself, I have been happy enough 
 even to preserve the peculiar character of each 
 master ; a circumstance essentially necessary in works 
 of this nature." 
 
 In proportion as Mr. Strange's reputation spread, 
 his family augmented. His daughter Isabella Kathe- 
 rina was born 5th February, 1759, and lived to com- 
 plete her ninetieth year. Robert Montague, born 
 25th January, 1760, rose to be Major-General in 
 the H. E. I. C. service. A plan of placing the 
 eldest girl, Mary Bruce, for education, in a French 
 convent, was abandoned on the intervention of her 
 uncle, whose Jacobite principles and Roman resi- 
 dence never tainted his Protestant opinions : but 
 James was sent down to Scotland. With so many 
 olive branches to tend at home, Mrs. Strange un-
 
 1760.] STRANGE'S FAMILY. 285 
 
 willingly declined her brother's invitation that she 
 should accompany her husband abroad, and reconciled 
 herself to a lengthened interruption of her domestic 
 happiness for the sake of his professional prospects, 
 and the eventual interests of her family. To console 
 her bereavement, she borrowed from Herring, Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, a portrait of her helpmate 
 executed by their friend Webster for his Grace, who 
 retained the frame in pledge of a restoration, on 
 Strange's return, which never took place, as the 
 picture remains in their family. Anxious to realise 
 what funds he could before his departure, Strange 
 now sold to Mr. Charteris, afterwards fifth Earl of 
 Wemyss, a number of the drawings for his recent 
 publications, all in red chalk, a list of which will be 
 found in No. II. of our Appendix. 
 
 From the time his journey was resolved upon, his 
 brother-in-law busied himself to obtain for Mr. 
 Strange, through the Stuart interest at Versailles, 
 a passport for France, then closed against British 
 subjects by the seven years' war; and his letters 
 were filled with information and advice regarding 
 routes into Italy. " At Lyons pray buy for yourself 
 a handsome waistcoat, which you will find cheaper 
 there than anywhere else ; and, if you come by 
 Genoa, buy a velvet coat." Early in June Strange 
 reached Paris, where he made purchase of some 
 pictures, and quitted it on the 16th of September
 
 286 STRANGE'S LETTERS [ITGO. 
 
 for Genoa and Florence, whence lie wrote as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Robert Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "Florence, Oct. 30. 1760. 
 " My dear Andrew, 
 
 ****** 
 
 " You cannot immagine the man of consequence I 
 am esteemed in this place ; I am plagued with many- 
 visits with which I could partly dispense. A copy of 
 my works which I presented to Sir Horace Man has 
 been handed about, and done me great honour, and I 
 am even remarkable enough to be pointed out by many 
 in the streets. I have had the honour of a visit from the 
 Marquis Gerini, who presented me with the first volume 
 of prints from his collection which is lately published : 
 he gave me the strongest assurances of his friendship and 
 readiness to serve me in any shape I required. I pre- 
 sume any assistance I may stand in need of here will be 
 easily procured me by Sir Horace Man, with whom I am 
 extremely well. When I set forward to Rome, I imagine 
 his recommendation there will likeways not be amiss. 
 It will be necessary for me, my dear Andrew, to be well 
 with all the world, and to be in perfect good corespond- 
 ance with all the British at Rome : it is my interest at 
 present to behave with circumspection, by which means 
 I shall the more readily baffle and dissapoint my enemys, 
 the rather that I know they are upon the out-look. I 
 foresee such a field opening for me in this country as will 
 secure me, I hope, immortale honour ; and in the end an 
 ample fortune, should it please God I am spared. You 
 may easily believe I will engage in no other work here 
 after I have finished the Madona della Sedia. You 
 know my particular reason for doing this picture ; it is
 
 1760.] FROM FLORENCE. 287 
 
 already a good way advanced. I shall advize you in 
 course of my leaving this, which I imagine will be with 
 the courier. It will at soonest be the time you mention 
 before I have the pleasure of seeing you, nor do I think 
 it will much exceed it. * * * * Let me hear from you 
 in course, and inform yourself if there is any fine chalk 
 to be had at Rome, as a friend of mine has wrote me for 
 some. My compliments to worthy Mr. Edgar, and be- 
 lieve me, "Dear Andrew, your affectionate, 
 
 " R. STRANGE." 
 
 Robert Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "Florence, Nov. 17. 1760. 
 " My dear Andrew, 
 
 ****** 
 
 " I continue still at work in the Pallace Pitti, but have 
 not as yet finished my drawing. The weather has of 
 late been so bad that we have scarcely seen the sun this 
 fortnight : you may naturaly believe this retards my un- 
 dertaking, and the more so that I could not have the 
 picture down. I long as much, my dear Andrew, to be 
 with you as you do to see me, but am resolved to finish 
 this drawing with the utmost care. My reputation at 
 Rome is probably established as an engraver, but the 
 Romans have never seen any of my drawings, and I am 
 the more intent on doing something that may surprize 
 them, especially as it is after their favourite painter. 
 Since my being here, I have endeavoured to pick up a 
 few pictures, but to no purpose. I apprehend I shall 
 find no less difficulty at Rome, and the more so that I 
 find Mr. Jenkins, &c., have become important dealers. 
 So far as I understand, this gentleman must make his 
 fortune without loss of time, for I am told that he has of 
 late disposed to the amount of at least 3,000?. only to
 
 288 STRANGES LETTERS [1760. 
 
 three different people : I own I have no idea of his 
 meeting with any pictures that are literally fine to that 
 extent. You must know a circumstance happened the 
 other day which was droll enough, and am afraid has 
 brought me into a scrape which I wish I were out of. 
 Lord Fordwich is one of those that Jenkins has taken 
 in. A few days ago we were at Sir Horace Man's, 
 where was Lord Torrington and several other gentlemen. 
 Sir Horace told me he would show me a drawing of a 
 fine picture which Lord Fordwich had purchased. The 
 drawing was accordingly brought, and it was no sooner 
 opened than I smiled, and said this was my old acquaint- 
 ance. Upon this every one looked grave, and asked me 
 what I meant. ' The original of this picture,' I replied, 
 belongs to the Royal Family, and is in the Pallace of 
 Kensington.' Every one I found stared at each other, 
 and his Lordship was devilishly confused, and soon re- 
 tired. This picture represents Perseus and Andromeda, 
 and is without doubt a copy from Guido. I understand 
 this discovery has confirmed some reports which his 
 Lordship has already heard relating to the originality 
 of his pictures, insomuch that he has sent for the whole 
 from Leghorn. They are only five in number, which I 
 am told stand him near 600/. I had a message by a 
 gentleman from him yesterday, beging the favour I 
 would give him my oppinion of the pictures when they 
 arrive, and I know that it is for this purpose they are 
 sent for. You see this is a disagreeable situation, and 
 am really at a loss how to act, though I own at the same 
 time I have a secret inclination to see this important 
 cargo. Pray what sort of a chap is this Jenkins ? I 
 find he is here the favourite of none, and this affair is 
 likely to turn the scales against him. Let me have the
 
 1760.] FROM FLORENCE. 289 
 
 pleasure of hearing from you in course, and give me 
 your thoughts on this affair. 
 
 " I ever am, dear Andrew, your affectionate 
 
 " ROBT. STRANGE." 
 
 Mr. Lumisden replied : " I am not surprised 
 that Jenkins should have committed the fraud you 
 mention ; he has been long known here for his vil- 
 lainies. However, by consummate impudence, joined 
 to the honourable office of a spy, he gets himself re- 
 commended to many of the English travellers. You 
 did well not to write to the scoundrel." Mr. Strange's 
 apprehension of some disagreeable results from giving 
 an opinion calculated to expose this picture-dealer, 
 who became a sort of English banker at Rome, 
 appears to have been realised, as Lumisden's letter- 
 books in 1762 contain several allusions to corre- 
 spondence of Jenkins, which he repeatedly advises 
 his brother-in-law to pass over in silent contempt. 
 But this incident interfered with the circumspect 
 resolution of the latter to live in peace with all men ; 
 and it, as well as his subsequent quarrel with Dalton 
 and Bartolozzi, must have tended to augment his 
 enemies at home. Of the person in question Nolle- 
 kens thus writes : " As for Jenkins, he followed 
 the trade of supplying the foreign visitors with in- 
 taglios and cameos made by his own people, that he 
 kept in a part of the ruins of the Coliseum, fitted up 
 for 'em to work in slyly by themselves. I saw 'em 
 
 VOL. i. u
 
 290 HIS DRAWINGS AFTER [1761. 
 
 at work though, and Jenkins gave a whole handful 
 of 'em to me to say nothing about the matter. Bless 
 your heart, he sold 'em as fast as they made 'em." 
 After completing the Madonna della Sedia, which he 
 unfortunately did not live to engrave, Strange made 
 a rapid journey to glance at the pictorial treasures in 
 Bologna, arriving towards Christmas at Rome. 
 
 Mr. Strange's journey to Italy was suggested by 
 the admiration he had long entertained for the artists 
 of that favoured land, and by believing that a re- 
 sidence there was essential in order to imbibe a 
 feeling for high art, and attain to its execution. 
 His object, therefore, was rather to study works of 
 the great masters, and to lay up a store of careful 
 drawings whereon to exercise his graver after his 
 return, than to pursue his immediate profession while 
 in that country. Hitherto his drawings had been 
 generally in red chalk ; but he now devoted himself 
 to miniature, for which his early inclination had 
 chiefly lain, and, by a process claimed for him as an 
 invention, he attained to high perfection in water- 
 colour painting upon prepared skin, called in Italy pelle 
 di capone. On reaching Florence, he at once applied 
 for inspiration to the highest source, and selected the 
 most popular of Raffaele's easel pictures for a be- 
 ginning. Of his success Lumisden thus reports to 
 their old family friend, Sir Stuart Thriepland, 
 17th June, 1761: "I have now the happiness of
 
 1761.] THE OLD MASTERS. 291 
 
 my dear Robie's company. His works are univer- 
 sally admired by the artists as well as the virtuosi 
 here. They expressed the utmost surprise at the 
 elegant drawing he has done of Raffaele's Madonna 
 della Sedia. He has almost finished a drawing of 
 Domenichino's St. Cecilia, in the Borghese Palace. 
 He intends next to make a drawing of Guido's He- 
 rodias in the Corsini Palace as its companion ; after 
 which he goes to Xaples to see the fine things there, 
 as they reckon the spring the best season for that ex- 
 cursion, Robie no doubt will reap vast advantage 
 from his Italian journey, particularly as he will carry 
 home with him drawings of the most capital pictures 
 as have either not been engraved, or have been badly 
 done." None of these three drawings were pub- 
 lished. In the end of February he resumes the sub- 
 ject to his sister : "I thank God Robie has kept his 
 health very well this winter. I shall nurse him as 
 well as I can, and endeavour to make his time here 
 as agreeable to him as is consistent with, his close ap- 
 plication. The drawing he has lately finished from 
 Titian [Venus blinding Cupid], besides the agreeable 
 subject, is the finest he has yet done, and has sur- 
 prised all the professors here ; it is, indeed, rather a 
 finished picture than a drawing. He is now doing 
 the Death of Dido by Guercino ; a picture univer- 
 sally known and admired, and which I believe will be 
 the largest work he will undertake in Rome. It will 
 
 u 2
 
 292 HIS DRAWINGS AFTER [1761. 
 
 be no small fatigue to him to finish this drawing ; 
 but I am persuaded it will at last recompense his 
 labour." 
 
 It is stated in the Annual Register and Scots' 
 Magazine of this year, that Prince Rezzonico, 
 nephew of the reigning Pope, Clement XIIL, as a 
 tribute to Mr. Strange's extraordinary merit, ob- 
 tained for him an apartment in the palace for his 
 residence, and a general permission to erect scaffold- 
 ing where he pleased while copying at the Vatican ; 
 a favour which the last pontiff had entirely pro- 
 hibited, in consequence of injuries to the frescoes 
 from this practice. Accordingly in July Lumisden 
 says: "Robie, notwithstanding his great application, 
 is in perfect good health. You see he is now at 
 the Vatican, in order to transmit to futurity his 
 name along with that of the immortal Raphael. 
 And, indeed, Robie's graver will preserve to posterity 
 the elegancy of Raphael when his paintings are no 
 more. The figure of Justice, which Robie is now 
 drawing, is full of dignity, and the head of Meekness 
 is truly divine. * * * By the end of the month he 
 will finish his drawings at the Vatican, and return 
 back to that part of Rome where the air is reckoned 
 good. He has, indeed, done justice to Madame 
 Justice : it is the most elegant figure I ever saw ; 
 and I doubt not but her sister Meekness, which he 
 is now doing, will be no less so. They will make
 
 1761.] THE OLD MASTERS. 293 
 
 glorious prints." Again : " He is particularly careful 
 in the choice of subjects, of which he has some very 
 fine ones in view. But, with all his application and 
 anxiety to get home, I do not believe that he can 
 finish the drawings he proposes to do here in much 
 less than a year. I am very sensible of what you 
 must suffer from his absence ; but the great advan- 
 tages that will at last arise from this journey to your 
 family will, I hope, sufficiently atone for your present 
 widowhood." * * * " He must not, however, grudge 
 some time more to make his collection of drawings 
 as large as possible ; nor should he leave behind him 
 anything which he would wish to engrave, as he can 
 never again propose to undertake another journey to 
 Italy. His drawings, I am persuaded, will surprise all 
 Britain, as they do every one here." These epithets 
 may seem fulsome ; but Lumisden was almost natu- 
 ralised among a people whose language of compli- 
 ment habitually bordered on exaggeration; and his 
 opinion seems borne out by the academic honours 
 showered upon his brother-in-law in various parts of 
 Italy. 
 
 An interesting letter from Mr. Strange at Rome 
 appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine, and is re- 
 printed in Selections from that periodical, iii. p. 6. 
 It seems addressed to some friend who had urged on 
 him the greatest works of Raffaele, and excuses the 
 abandonment of his intention to draw and engrave 
 
 u 3
 
 294 STBANGE'S RESIDENCE [ITGI. 
 
 the Parnassus, after leave for the scaffold had with 
 difficulty been obtained, chiefly in consequence of 
 finding, on closer observation, that " the principal 
 figure is amongst the most indifferent, and has the 
 least grace of any that great master ever painted ; " 
 apart from objections raised by the extremely injured 
 female figures, the disagreeable shape of the fresco, 
 above all, the time required to copy so large a com- 
 position, placed where only a few hours of light were 
 available each morning. In the School of Athens 
 he recognises " indeed a wonderful and most glorious 
 performance, and worthy the hand of a divinity," 
 which, if younger, he would have been proud to 
 undertake : " but at present the case is different ; I 
 have no idea of coming abroad to Italy but for a 
 very few years, and throwing that time away upon a 
 work which ought to be carried on at the public 
 expense, or by the patronage of a prince. I must 
 leave these things, my dear sir, those laborious un- 
 dertakings, to some future genius: at present it is 
 my scheme to vary my subjects and authors as much 
 as possible, and that even those be of the most agree- 
 able kind, such as will please the public, and best 
 suit the genius of a free people." Of the Justice and 
 Meekness he says in the context: " These figures 
 contain all that is excellent in painting, whether we 
 consider them in the beauty of the compositions, the 
 noble gracefulness of the characters, the uncommon
 
 1761.] AT ROME. 295 
 
 greatness in the style of the draperies, or the won- 
 derful force of colouring, light and shade." 
 
 Of the domestic life now passed by the brothers- 
 in-law we have this agreeable picture : 
 
 Andrew Lumisden to Mrs. Strange. 
 
 "February 7. 1761. 
 
 " How happy am I, my dear Bella, every time I see 
 your hand-writing ! Your letters I am sure can give no 
 greater pleasure to my dear Robie than they give to me. 
 To hear of you and your delightful infants' good healths 
 is next to the comfort of seeing it. I do not despair of 
 yet having that satisfaction. In the mean time I have 
 the inexpressible happiness of my dear Robie's company, 
 and which, you may easily imagine, I enjoy as much as 
 possible. I encroach as little on his valuable time as I 
 can, for indeed, he grudges every moment that he is 
 absent from you. I save him the trouble of thinking on 
 housekeeping, &c., as I take all that on myself. We 
 have our friends to dine with us from time to time, and 
 I entertain them very well, yet with economy. I cannot 
 upbraid myself in point of extravagance. Robie is 
 indeed surprised how I have made things answer, con- 
 sidering the genteel cloaths, furniture, and things I have 
 bought. But this proceeds from the little expence I 
 was at, till now, for a servant, joined to some presents 
 that my Cousin was so good as to make me. However, 
 I reckon from the agreeable prospect you give me of our 
 affairs at home, I need not for the future pinch myself 
 so much as I have done. I do not propose by this to 
 commit any extravagance, for you may assure yourself 
 that I shall always live with the same frugality for you 
 and your childrens' sake as if they were my own : all I 
 u 4
 
 296 STRANGE'S DRAWINGS LITGI. 
 
 desire is to live with the decency of a gentleman. * * 
 * * You may send the shirts to Leghorn, and any new 
 books you can pick up, for you cannot imagine what an 
 entertainment these things are to me at this distance 
 from home. Adieu my dear Bella ! I embrace you and 
 the babies with the most affectionate of hearts." 
 
 Mr. Strange went to Naples early in October, 
 Mr. Lumisden suggesting to him some " interesting 
 subject by Giordano, as there is generally a great 
 deal of light and shade in the works of that master." 
 But Strange's taste sought something better, and 
 directed his attention to a Madonna by Parmegiano 
 in the Monti collection, Guide's Potiphar at the 
 Baronelli Palace, and Rubens' portrait of himself 
 with Vandyck. Of the two last he made careful 
 drawings before the year closed, besides having 
 one or two executed for him by another hand. 
 
 But it was to the Royal Gallery he chiefly looked, 
 and we find it stated in the Annual Register that 
 the British minister having vainly applied on his 
 behalf for leave to copy there, his works were shown 
 to Prince Alicandre, the King's governor, who at 
 once obtained for him unlimited permission to that 
 effect, an apartment in the palace being fitted up for 
 his use. He was thus enabled to copy Titian's 
 Danae, his Venus and Adonis, the Mistress and 
 Child of Parmegiano by himself, Schidone's Cupid, 
 his group of two Children singing, and Vandyck's 
 sleeping Christ, which, with the Potiphar already
 
 1762.] AT NAPLES. 297 
 
 mentioned, were all the Neapolitan pictures he 
 lived to publish. The few weeks which he meant 
 to devote to Naples thus gradually extended them- 
 selves to eight months, provoking the regrets of 
 his brother-in-law and the murmurs of his wife. 
 But his time was well compensated, not only by 
 the drawings he carried off, but by several pur- 
 chases of pictures he was enabled to make, among 
 which was a Holy Family ascribed to Raffaele. 
 Strong testimony to its originality, in letters from 
 Raphael Mengs and from M. Mariette, will be found 
 in the Catalogue of Strange 's Pictures, 1769 ; but no 
 description is there given of it beyond the subject 
 a Madonna with Christ and St. John in the painter's 
 last manner and the dimensions of its canvass, 
 25^ inches high by 20. This meagre notice does 
 not enable me to trace it, but in another catalogue 
 of pictures exhibited by Strange in Castle- Street, 
 it is called the altar-picture of a domestic chapel 
 at Genoa. He began a copy of it in red chalk, 
 which was interrupted by his leaving Rome about 
 the 20th of October for Florence.* Another im- 
 
 * There is a difficulty in identifying this picture. Among 
 Strange's miniatures at Lord Zetland's, there is one answering the 
 above description ; also a similar one, still in his family, in red chalk, 
 and a pencilled reduction, laid off in squares for engraving ; the 
 composition of all these is that of Kaffaele's panel picture, obtained 
 from Sir Thomas Baring by the ex-king of Bavaria, a replica of 
 which was purchased by the late Captain Franks at the sale of Car-
 
 298 STRANGE'S RESIDENCE [i?62. 
 
 portant acquisition made next year was a small 
 full length of Charles I. by Vandyke, which, having 
 been presented by James II., after his flight, to 
 Cardinal Howard, came into Mr. Edgar's possession, 
 and on his death was purchased for 60/. by Lumisden 
 for his brother-in-law, who engraved it in 1770. 
 
 Mr. Strange passed above four months at Flo- 
 rence, braving the cold while copying in the gallery, 
 and eschewing the precaution of fur-lined long- 
 boots, suggested by Lumisden's experience of the 
 in-doors' rigours of Italian winters. Then probably 
 he drew Carlo Dolce's Sappho, alias La Poesia, and 
 proceeded early in March to Parma, for the single 
 object of copying Correggio's celebrated altar-piece, 
 generally called his " Day." His reception there is 
 thus described by his brother-in-law to Principal 
 Gordon, of the Scotch College, at Paris. " I am 
 persuaded it will be a pleasure to you to know the 
 genteel reception our friend met with at the Court 
 of Parma. A few days after his arrival, the first 
 minister, M. du Tillot, invited him to dine, and 
 
 dinal Albani in Rome. Mr. Strange has also left a drawing in black 
 and white chalks on blue paper, from a picture on panel still in his 
 family, which represents the infant Christ standing on the Madonna's 
 knee, the little St. John at her right side, St. Joseph on her left. 
 This is a charming pyramidal group of Raffaelesque character, yet 
 in composition and colour more resembling the works of Gian- 
 francesco Penni, named il Fattore, although bearing his great mas- 
 ter's name. It cannot, however, be the Neapolitan picture, which 
 was on canvass.
 
 1762.] AT PARMA. 299 
 
 after dinner presented him at Court. His R. H., 
 the Infant Duke, Don Philip, examined his draw- 
 ings and prints with great attention, and made 
 the politest encomiums on them. Mr. Strange took 
 this opportunity to present a copy of his prints 
 to him, and single ones (having no more with him) 
 to the minister. Next morning, M. du Tillot sent 
 him two snuff-boxes, the one of gold, curiously 
 wrought, from His R. H., worth between 60 and 
 70 louis d'ors ; the other of shell, set in gold, from 
 himself, worth about 25 louis d'ors. These pre- 
 sents, worthy of a prince and a minister celebrated 
 for their protection of the fine arts, were rendered 
 still more valuable by the letter that accompanied 
 them, wrote by M. du Tillot's own hand, and of 
 which I cannot but send you this copy. 
 
 "Le gout, Monsieur, que S. A. R. a pour les talens, et 
 le plaisir avec lequel elle a vu hier vos desseins, 1'en- 
 gagent a vous donner un temoignage de son admiration 
 pour des ouvrages destines a la celebrite, et de sa satis- 
 faction des belles estampes de votre main que vous lui 
 avez presentees. Je vous remets de son ordre un 
 pacquet contenant une boite. 
 
 " Vous avez bien voulu me donner aussi, Monsieur, 
 une marque de votre attention ; j'en ai ete tres touche. 
 Je me flatte que vous voudrez bien agreer de ma part 
 une legere marque d'amitie, et regarder ce petit tribut 
 que je paye a mon admiration pour vous, comme un des 
 sentiments avec lesquels j'ai 1'honneur d'etre, 
 
 " Monsieur, votre tres humble et tres ob*. serv r ., 
 
 "Du TILLOT. 
 
 "Panne, ce 13 Mars, 1763.''
 
 300 STRANGE'S RESIDENCE [ires. 
 
 A month later we have the following from Mr. 
 Strange to Lumisden, giving an account of the 
 academic honour here paid him, in acknowledgment 
 of his success in rendering the Correggio. His re- 
 ception as member of the academy of St. Luke, at 
 Rome, will occur in correspondence of this year, 
 which we shall presently cite. The Correggio will 
 be farther noticed in 1771, when the engraving 
 appeared. 
 
 Robert Strange to Andreio Lumisden. 
 
 "Parma, May 13, 1763. 
 
 " My dear Andrew, You'll by this time have received 
 my letter of last week, wherein was inclosed one from our 
 dear Bella. I make no doubt of your procuring me what 
 recommendations will be necessary for Bologna : I wish 
 indeed I had applied to you sooner, but to say truth, I was 
 always in suspense about my stay there till thoroughly 
 determined by Bella's letter. Since I wrote you last, I 
 was one evening surprised by a visit I received from his 
 Royal Highness whilst I was at work. I need not tell you 
 how much he was charmed with the Correggio, and the 
 many compliments I received in course. He was de- 
 sirous of seeing my drawings another time, and I past 
 yesterday upwards of an hour with him in looking over 
 the whole. I had mentioned to M. du Tillot my desire 
 of inscribing the Correggio to his Royal Highness, 
 which he was much pleased with. He took an opportu- 
 nity to speak of it whilst we were all together, and the 
 Infant with great pleasure received the compliment I 
 intended him. The inclosed copy of a letter I send you 
 is, you see, an additional honour to what I have already
 
 1763.] AT PARMA. 301 
 
 received here. You'll observe, they have not only 
 received me a member of the Academy, but a professor. 
 I desire you'll make an elegant translation of this letter, 
 which I will send with a copy of the original to my dear 
 Bella, and let me have it, if you can, by return of post. 
 You may henceforth direct for me at Bologna, as I shall 
 certainly leave this by the time I proposed. My Cor- 
 reggio is entirely finished, but have laid it aside for a 
 day or two past ; and indeed in so doing, I did well, for 
 we have such weather here, and such perpetual rain, that 
 one can hardly read a letter at mid-day * * * * 
 " I ever am, 
 
 " Dear Andrew, 
 " Yours, &c., 
 
 "EoBT. STRANGE." 
 
 Several of Mrs. Strange's racy letters of this 
 period being preserved, we are enabled to follow 
 the chief family incidents through correspondence. 
 On new-year's-day Mr. Lumisden wrote thus to his 
 sister : " Perhaps, my dear Bella, you may think it 
 affectation, but it is with the greatest truth I assure 
 you that, ever since the death of my dear friend 
 [Mr. Edgar], I have been so constantly employed 
 that I have not had an hour I could properly call my 
 own. This is the reason that I have been so Ions: 
 
 o 
 
 of writing to you. It is with unspeakable pleasure 
 I see by your letters to our dearest Robie that you 
 and the children continue well : may health and 
 prosperity ever attend them, and may Heaven, with 
 the addition of this year, grant you all the happiness
 
 302 DOMESTIC INCIDENTS. [1763. 
 
 your heart can desire ! I heartily sympathise with 
 you on your present fatigue, and anxiously wish 
 Robie at home to relieve you from a great part 
 of it. At the same time, though your fatigue is 
 too much for you, yet I can assure you that Robie's 
 fatigue is no less : he labours immoderately that he 
 may carry home with him as many fine things as he 
 can ; the consequence of which will be riches to his 
 children and immortal honour to himself. * * * * 
 I have this winter made up the cloath coat you was 
 so kind as send me ; I have ornamented it with a 
 genteel narrow gold lace, which makes me so gor- 
 geously apareled, that you might say I lived in a 
 king's court, as St. Luke tells us, vii. 25." 
 
 At the close of the month he exhorted Strange as 
 follows : " I shall call nothing laudable that detains 
 you in Italy, after you have done the drawing of the 
 celebrated Correggio at Parma. It will require 
 many years to engrave the drawings, &c., you are 
 already master of, and surely your family demands 
 your presence at home. It is your absence no 
 doubt that begins to sour our dear Bella's temper, 
 and this I can in some measure excuse her, especially 
 as her prospect of your return is so distant. Think 
 seriously on this subject, and endeavour if possible 
 to get home by next Christmas. The two plates 
 you propose, and which indeed are absolutely ne- 
 cessary to engrave at Paris, will at least consume
 
 1763.] DOMESTIC INCIDENTS. 303 
 
 eight months of your time, so you certainly need to 
 get to Paris by the beginning of May." 
 
 Those who remember the late Mr. James Strange 
 as a sedate though benignant octogenarian, may smile 
 at a passage in his father's letter to Lumisden of 
 February 26. : " When you write to Bella, pray 
 remonstrate against Jamie's dancing on the stage, 
 for I can perceive there is such an intention. It 
 can only proceed from a blind fondness of the boy 
 that encourages this folly, which can do him no 
 service, and affords a sufficient handle for our 
 enemies to ridicule us on this occasion. I have 
 said what I think is proper on the subject, but 
 what comes from you I know will have greater 
 influence than all I can say." Accordingly Lum- 
 isden replied, " I shall not forget to mention to her 
 Jamie's dancings, for you cannot be more averse to 
 it than I am;" and on the 9th of March he thus 
 performed his promise : " I am glad to hear of the 
 progress the boys make under Mr. Cartwright, 
 Although the cultivation of their minds must always 
 be the great object in view, I am far from having 
 their bodies neglected. I therefore heartily approve 
 of dancing, and exercises that produce a genteel car- 
 riage, but these exercises ought to be carried no 
 farther than to answer this purpose. To carry them 
 farther is not only consuming that time which ought 
 to be employed to more valuable purposes, but
 
 304 DOMESTIC INCIDENTS. [1763. 
 
 renders the persons possessed of them ridiculous. 
 It is for this reason that I cannot approve of Jamie's 
 dancing on the stage. Such a degree of dancing is 
 only proper for a dancing-master, and not for a 
 gentleman. Thus the Earl of Massareen, who is 
 now in Italy, has been laughed at by the Italians, 
 as well as by his own countrymen, on account of 
 his theatrical dancing. I therefore flatter myself 
 that, when you seriously consider the matter, you 
 will not encourage the dear sweet boy to dance 
 any more on the stage." On this subject Sir Thomas 
 Strange has left the following memorandum : " We 
 were taught dancing by a very clever Frenchman 
 of the name of Lalauze, who, having a connection at 
 one of the theatres, and being to have a benefit, 
 prevailed with my mother to allow my brother 
 James to appear at it, with his own daughter, in a 
 dance of some kind, my brother being his best pupil, 
 and indeed a very distinguished one." 
 
 Mrs. Strange was a strong-minded woman, quick 
 in disposition as well as in intellect; her tempera- 
 ment, like the April of her own inconstant climate, 
 varying from sunshine to gloom, from smiles to 
 sadness. Being much thrown upon her own re- 
 sources in the extrication of her father's entangled 
 affairs, the promotion of her husband's professional 
 interests, and the education of her family, devolved 
 as these entirely were upon her by Mr. Strange's
 
 1763.] DOMESTIC INCIDENTS. 305 
 
 repeated and prolonged absences, a querulous tone is 
 sometimes observable in her correspondence, especially 
 during his residence in Italy, protracted from months 
 to years. On the first of her letters we are now to 
 quote, her son Sir Thomas Strange has remarked : 
 " My father's long absence abroad, the conduct of 
 my grandfather, after my grandmother's death, with 
 the woman here alluded to as ' an incurable ' (in 
 consequence of which a relation, Thomas Boswell, 
 after whom I was called Thomas, left to Heriot's 
 Hospital a considerable property intended for my 
 mother's family), the iniquity of agents in Edinburgh, 
 who, on the death of my grandfather, got possession 
 of his property to the prejudice of his family, availing 
 themselves of its scattered state, and particularly of 
 the legal incapacity of my uncle to assist its claims ; 
 these things, added to the reflection of what she had 
 suffered by her marriage with my father, to whom 
 she was otherwise both tenderly and respectfully 
 attached ; the whole together affected my dear 
 mother's spirits, naturally of the most lively kind, 
 souring often her temper, which, ardent in the 
 extreme, was apt to be too indignant. Of herself 
 she speaks in 1757 as ' all mercury; I'm sensible 
 I'm too much so : ' and in another letter, f misfortunes 
 and pain of mind have worn me greatly, and I have 
 too much spirit, which I am often afraid will overset 
 my small share of judgment. My passions are too 
 
 VOL. I. X
 
 306 MRS. STRANGE'S LETTERS. [ires. 
 
 strong for my reason, which I am sure I employ as 
 much as possible toward the correction of what my 
 cooler judgment disapproves when I am able to 
 philosophise ! ' Hence the tone and allusions of the 
 following letters, especially that of 29th March. 
 With all this fretting however, she outlived my dear 
 father some fifteen years, and survived this period 
 above forty." 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "Feb. 26. 1763. 
 "My dear Andrew, 
 
 * * * * 
 
 '"' I shall not doubt of Robie's great study, diligence, 
 and progress, but what will that signify if it hurry him 
 and me the faster to the grave ? I am not able to bear 
 the fatigue I have ; both body and mind is oppressed. 
 You cannot imagine the writing I have, and cannot 
 avoid : the multitude of people I have to speak to, of 
 which many are very idle, and yet those very idle must 
 be minded. Our affairs in Scotland stand as they did. 
 That unhappy woman, who thought once to have had 
 the honour of being our step-mother, being disappointed 
 that way, and not finding beauty sold so well as it had 
 done, soon became a burthen to her relations in Edin- 
 burgh, who gave her to know that she must travel. 
 They collected ten guineas ; so here she came about a 
 fortnight [ago] or so. I have forgot how she fended ; 
 God knows work she never would. After all, I was 
 lately shocked to hear she had been in an hospitle, and 
 was now turned out as an incurable. I will make no 
 animadversion on this, but the proverb, 'It's no shame to 
 see wasters want.' I never knew a person I had no
 
 ires.] MRS. STRANGE'S LETTERS. 307 
 
 reason to wish well to but this woman and her relations, 
 and Anne Hay, who is at present in Bedlem, I suppose 
 an incurable too. They are not canny ; I do not like 
 [them]. 
 
 " I wish I had something to keep as a remembrance 
 of my eldest boy's god-father, at a proper time, if it can 
 be had for love or money. I want he shall be possest of 
 such an honour when I am gone, and cannot tell him of 
 it what's what. I suppose Sir Laurence Dundas's son, 
 who is at Rome, will behave as one of the prudent ones : 
 never mind it ; I value nothing but peace of mind. I 
 sometimes despair of seeing you ; if my dear Robie does 
 not treat me with that affectionate tenderness dew to a 
 weak child, I will soon be no more. As such is all, and 
 ever was, my only desire, I hope, for his own sake and 
 the family's, he will not overlook it. A harsh word 
 wounds me to the soul, and contradiction in a surly 
 maner would soon put me to my resting-place. I have 
 a pleasure in nothing this world seems to have for me. 
 All my dutys I perform like an unfeeling philosopher. 
 I have no joys, but many fears and disquietudes. * * 
 * * Andrew is the most steady, diligent child as 
 [ever] was. When he is at his book you would think 
 he was a man of forty, he is so attentive, and never 
 wearies : when he's at his play, you would think all his 
 study was to eat. Bell and Bob are fine children. Mr. 
 Mylne *, who is here and sends his best wishes to you 
 and all friends, having lived here in the land of Goshen 
 three years, is to set out in a few days for the land of 
 Cakes to pay his duty to his parents. * * * * God 
 bless you. I ever am, my dear A., your loving sister, 
 
 " I. S." 
 
 * Mr. Mylne, architect- of Blackfriars' bridge, long enjoyed the 
 friendship of the Strange family, and is frequently mentioned in 
 
 x 2
 
 308 MRS. STRANGE'S LETTERS. [1763. 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "March 29. 1763. 
 " My dear Andrew, 
 
 * * * # 
 
 " I hope Robie is well. Notwithstanding that I die 
 daily to see him, yet I wish he may do something in 
 Bologna ; his friends expect much from thence. Names, 
 you know, go a great way : I only grudge his time in 
 Paris, but I submit with patience. As to the dear 
 babies, I thank God they are all perfectly well. Was I 
 to be vain of anything, I might pique myself on my care 
 of them : but I take nothing to myself ; everything is 
 from the goodness of God, who has given them most 
 valuable endowments both of body and mind : I have 
 only been attentive to their improvement in both. At so 
 great a distance, you can but form a notion of them from 
 others of their age, by which you will never know them. 
 Their modesty is equal to your wish. Jamie knows no 
 more of a theatrical carriage than you do ; he moves 
 and dances like a gentleman. His master is as unlike a 
 dancing-master as your Holy Father. Fear me not, I 
 have given neither you, nor any of the world, any reason 
 to suspect my want of what's call'd common sense. I 
 think I have seen throw things you yourself have been 
 blind to, as to the foibles of men or wemon. I will but do 
 myself the justice when I say I have as few of them as 
 any she that ever wore petticoats. I know I have 
 passion ; and plenty of revenge, which is, to be sure, the 
 child of the Divil, and not the brat of a weak brain. 
 My wayward love is the only blot you can stamp [on] my 
 scutcion : with that, when I see you, I shall vindicate 
 
 their letters. The asterisks in this and others of the collection mark 
 passages omitted as of insufficient interest for publication.
 
 1763.] MRS. STRANGE'S LETTERS. 309 
 
 myself, in the deafest side of your head ! Thank God ! 
 things seems to turn out well, but that I did not foresee 
 this, I can assure you. I was always willing and ready 
 to contribute to the making my Robie happy, and with 
 chearfulness to submit to everything that could befall 
 me. I was ever resolved never to complain to my 
 friends, who are ever deaf to distress, but mighty willing 
 to rejoice in one's prosperity. But I find I must not 
 give way to this, for I know not where it will end, and 
 I am resolved to keep something for a meeting, But, 
 to begin again, Robie and you must submite the care 
 of the children to me for this year. I foresee, tho' I 
 might get the blame was things to turn />ut ill, yet when 
 they flourish I may never be thought of: but I hope to 
 live to tell my own merit in their education myself. 
 Jamie never learned ought but the Minuat and Lewer, 
 which is a sort of Minuat ; he never saw a country- 
 dance ; he, nor his sister, has not been within the play- 
 house door since April last. 1 say again trust me : I 
 have not given you any reason to doubt of my quick- 
 sightedness. I hope I shall always be able to give good 
 reason for what I do. I will not quit my knowledge of 
 mankind to the best of you. My children, from the 
 oldest to the youngest, loves me, and fears me as sinners 
 dread death : my look is a law. * * * * ]yfy i ov e 
 to Robie when you write to him, or do you send him 
 this ; he will soon hear from me. I ever am, with great 
 affection and love, your sister. " I. S." 
 
 Mrs. Strange to Andrew Lumisden. 
 
 "June 26. 1763. 
 "My dear Andrew, 
 
 * * * * 
 
 " I am far from being well, which I do not choose
 
 310 MRS. STRANGE'S LETTERS. [1763. 
 
 to signify to Robie. Was he to be with me to-morrow 
 it would do me no service. The immoderate fatigue I 
 have had these many years in bringing in a family into the 
 world, and the anxiety I have had in rearing them, join'd 
 to many sore hearts, has wore out the best constitution 
 in Europ. 'Tis true I have had a severe additional 
 fatigue since Robie went abroad, but I have had one 
 substantial comfort ; I have been my own mistress. I 
 have had no chiding stuff', which I believe I sometimes 
 brought on myself, but when I did, it was in defence of 
 some saving truth. My frugality has often been dear 
 to me, but yet I'm of opinion had my disposition been 
 otherwise he would have more justly found fault. * * * 
 Robie is of a sweet disposition, but has not so much 
 fore-thought, nor so discerning a judgment as I have. 
 When I'm gone, he will soon be flatter'd out of himself, 
 and out of that justice which is dew to my children, and 
 we have nobody to interpose. * * * I'm at present 
 too much affected to say any more of this. To-morrow 
 I'm to take asses' milk : Dr. Hunter says that will do 
 me good; he was with me this morning. Everybody 
 say the country will by all means be proper, but that 
 will never cure a person who carries their disease in 
 their mind. Peace and quiet is my wish, but I despair 
 of ever attaining it. Since ever my lord left me, my 
 applycation to business, my constant desire of doing 
 good and being oblidging, has fatigued me beyond mea- 
 sure. The thing that has of late most hurt me is speak- 
 ing. I exert with such spirit and vivasity that, when 
 I'm left alone, after having entertain'd my visitors, I feel 
 such a violent pain in my breast that I am useless for 
 some time. I have had a dreadful cough this spring, 
 which still sticks to me. To sum up all, when I sit
 
 1763.] MRS. STEANGE'S LETTERS. 311 
 
 down alone, and enters into a train of thoughts, I grow 
 low spirited.* 
 
 " I have sent you Fingal and the Index ; when will 
 you give over asking books ? Here I must end ; only 
 tell you the children are all fine creatures, but their 
 being continually disturbing me is hard, but for their 
 wellfare and frugality, I will yet endure it. Their voice 
 sometimes is like thunder, for all of them are very 
 healthy, for which I thank God : sound in body and 
 sound in mind. The domestick affairs of such a family 
 as mine is sufficient business for any woman. * * * 
 Here I have had a halt to take some rubarb and a glass 
 of wine ; this is my own receipt. After a person passes 
 forty, they are either a fool or a phisician. Blooding 
 is ordered for me, but I hate that operation much. 
 * * * * o n Andrew ! it would be well worth your 
 while to come and see my infantry. A mother's descrip- 
 tion is not minded : if it was, I could tell you that 
 Bruce is everything that I could wish her, and what her 
 father wishes. She has been a heart-break many a 
 time to me, but I flatter myself with the best now. 
 Jamie delights both man and woman : lovely and modest, 
 he cannot move a finger but he shows beauty. The old 
 and the wise, the sharp-sighted and the soft-hearted, 
 
 * Mr. Strange being his own publisher, his works, and some of 
 his foreign purchases, were sold at his house, and, no doubt, under 
 his wife's superintendence while he was from home. In this letter 
 she incidentally remarks, "I can sell nothing but what is really 
 fine ; bad and middling things in the way of virto I am for burn- 
 ing; " an opinion still acted upon by dealers in London more than 
 elsewhere. And she adds, " I believe I have friends in all the points 
 of the compass. This is only to be had by oblidgingness, which is one 
 of my studys, and by which I have had ever some of this world's 
 gain."
 
 312 MRS. STRANGE'S LETTERS. [ma. 
 
 admires and loves Andrew. Bell's her papa's pictur, 
 softened with smiles ; she's all dimples : a gentle zepher 
 you would call her, with a most comick disposition as 
 would charm you. Bob is my favourate, only because I 
 am now going to describe him : he loves me more than 
 they do all. He is in every respect like Jamie, who some 
 people say is my favourate, but I think Bob is my 
 dauty. Jamie I wished for, and hitherto he is all I 
 could wish for, was I to wish again. There's a youthful 
 giddiness in him that is not in Andrew, yet one cannot 
 help admiring it. Although I love him as I do my own 
 soul, yet I pass no fault without correction : I correct 
 him oftener than Andrew. He has a sedateness that 
 never was in any boy but himself. Within these three 
 weeks I have put him, meaning Andrew, to learn to 
 dance to brisk him up. He is jealous of his brother, 
 as he is of him : neither of them can bear the other to 
 advance faster than he. When Jamie was aplauded for 
 dancing, Andrew wished he could do so too. Now he is 
 more awake, and pleas'd to think he will be able to 
 dance when his brother dances to his papa. Bruce 
 dances very gentily. Bob and Bell imitates the rest, 
 and dances too. What will your prudence and philo- 
 sophy think of this letter ? it needs no apology if you 
 consider from whom it comes and to whom it goes. 
 * * * * I wish you wase staying in France, I would 
 recover there, or any place where I had an opportunity 
 of speaking to none but one friend. I shall never 
 attempt to learn a new language. Oh ! here comes our 
 friend Mr. George Spence from the City with his whole 
 family to visit me ; I'll seal up, so Adieu." 
 
 Mrs. Strange's letters show much originality of 
 character, engrafted on more ordinary qualities of
 
 1763.] MRS. STRANGE'S LETTERS. 313 
 
 the Scottish gentlewoman of last century, a class 
 now to be estimated only from such memorials, 
 accidentally preserved. Among them 'native- capacity 
 had little cultivation, while natural sagacity and 
 raciness of thought or language were left un- 
 trammeled by artificial refinement or conventional 
 restraints. These considerations may, we trust, 
 authorise our somewhat copious extracts regarding 
 matters of mere family interest, offered without 
 modification of style or spelling. 
 
 END OF THE FIRST VOLUME. 
 
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 OF 
 
 NEW WORKS 
 
 IN GENERAL LITERATURE, 
 
 PUBLISHED BY 
 
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 39, PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON. 
 
 CLASS1FII 
 Agriculture and Rural Affairs. 
 
 Pages 
 Bayldon on Valuing Bents, etc. - - 
 Caird's Letters on Agriculture 7 
 Cecil's Stud Farm - '"'',', 
 London's Encyclopedia of Agriculture - 4 
 Self-Instruction for Farmers, etc. 14 
 (Mrs.) Lady'sCountry Companion 14 
 Low's Elements of Agriculture - - IS 
 Domesticated Animals - 
 
 Arts, Manufactures, and 
 Architecture. 
 
 Bourne's Catechism of the Steam Engine 6 
 ,, On the Screw Propeller - 6 
 Brande's Dictionary of Science, etc. 
 Chevreul on Colour - 8 
 Cresy's Kucyclo. of Civil Engineering 8 
 
 SlCv^.'oFArchitecture ! 
 Jameson', S^dand^Le^a-yAn ,1 
 
 London's Rural Architecture - J4 
 Mnseley's Engineering and Architecture 14 
 Richardson's Art of Horsemanship . 19 
 Steam Engine, by the Artisan Club 6 
 Tate on Strength of Material. - 22 
 Ure's Dictioiiary of Arts, etc. - 24 
 
 Biography. 
 
 Bodenstedt and Wagner's Schamyl - 23 
 Brightwell's Memorials of Opie - - 18 
 Bun.en's Hippolytu, .... 5 
 Chesterton's Autobiography - S 
 Clinton's (Fynes) Autobiography - 8 
 Cockayne's Marshal Turenne - 23 
 Freeman's Life of Kirov ... J 2 
 Haydon's Autobiography, by Taylor - 10 
 Holcroft's Memoirs - 23 
 Holland's (Lord) Memoirs ... 10 
 Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopiedia - - 13 
 Mannder's Biographical Treasury - - 16 
 Memoir of the Duke of Wellington - 23 
 Memoirs of James Montgomery - .16 
 
 D INDEX. 
 
 Pa| 
 
 Russell's Life of Lord William Russell - 
 Sonthej's Life of Wesley ... 
 Life and Correspondence 
 Stephen's Ecclesiastical Biography 
 Taylor's Loyola ..... 
 Wesley 
 Townsend's Eminent Judges - 
 Waterton's Autobiography and Essays - 
 
 Books of General Utility. 
 
 Acton's Modern Cookery Book 
 Black's Treatise on Brewing - 
 Cabinet Gazetteer - 
 
 8 
 
 21 
 
 ;i 
 
 21 
 32 
 
 22 
 22 
 24 
 
 S 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 H 
 
 11 
 11 
 
 13 
 14 
 14 
 14 
 16 
 Ifi 
 16 
 16 
 
 M 
 
 in 
 
 19 
 
 H 
 If 
 
 H 
 H 
 if. 
 H 
 K 
 32 
 23 
 24 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 8 
 10 
 10 
 
 Cnst's Invalid's Own Book - 
 Hints on Etiquette . 
 Hudson's Executor's Guide 
 On Making Wills ... 
 Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopiedia ... 
 London's Self Instruction - - 
 Lady's Companion ... 
 (Mrs.) Amateur Gardener 
 Maunder's Treasury of Knowledge 
 ., Biographical Treasury - 
 Scientific Treasury 
 Treasury of History 
 Natural History ... 
 Pocket and the Stud .... 
 Pycroft's Knglish Reading - 
 Reece's Medical Guide .... 
 Rich's Companion to Latin Dictionary - 
 Riddle's Latin Dictionaries ... 
 Richardson's Art of Horsemanship 
 Roget's English Thesanrui ... 
 Rowton's Debater - .... 
 Short Whist ...... 
 Thomson's Interest Tablet . 
 Traveller's Library .... 
 Webster's Domestic Economy 
 Willich's Popular Tables ... 
 Wilmnt's Abridgment of Blackstone's 
 
 Botany and Gardening. 
 
 Conversations on Botany ... 
 
 Russell's Memoirs of Moore ... 
 
 i; 
 
 ,, Guide to Kew Gardens 
 
 London: Printed by M. 
 
 , Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row.
 
 CLASSIFIED INDEX. 
 
 Pag 
 
 Lindley's Introduction to Botany 
 
 Theory of Horticulture - - is 
 
 Loudon's Hortu's Britannicus - 14 
 
 (Mrs.) Amateur Gardener - 14 
 
 Self-Instruction for Gardeners 14 
 
 Encyclopaedia of Trees & Shrubs 14 
 
 Rirers'i Rose A 
 
 Gard 
 Plant 
 ur's Guide 
 
 t. 
 
 Chronology. 
 
 Blair's Chronological Tables . 
 Bunsen's Ancient Egypt .. 
 Haydn's Beatson's Index - - 
 Nicolas'! Chronology of History 
 
 - 14 
 14 
 19 
 
 . 6 
 
 - 7 
 
 - 10 
 
 - 13 
 
 Commerce and Mercantile 
 Affairs. 
 
 Atkinson's Shipping Laws 
 
 Francis On Life Assurance - 
 
 Loch's Sailor's Guide - 
 
 Lorimer's Letters to aYoungMasterMarin 
 
 M'Cultoch's Commerce and Navigation 
 
 Thomson's Interest Tables 
 
 Criticism, History, and 
 Memoirs. 
 
 Austin's Germany - - - 
 Balfour's Sketches of Literature - 
 Blair's Chron. and Historical Tables 
 Bunsen's Ancient Egypt ... 
 
 ,, Hippolytns - 
 Burton's History of Scotland 
 Chalybaeus's Speculative Philosophy 
 Conybeare and Howson's St. Paul . 
 Eastlake's History of Oil Painting 
 Erskine's History of India ... 
 Francis's Annals of Life Assurance 
 fileig's Leipsic Campaign ... 
 
 Gurney's Historical Sketches - - 
 Hamilton's Discussions In Philosophy, etc. 
 Havdon's Autobiography, by Taylor 
 Holland's (Lord) Foreign Reminiscence! 
 
 ,, Whig Party - 
 
 Jeffrey's (Lord) Contributions ' - 
 Kemble's Anglo-Saxons in England 
 Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopedia 
 Macaulay's Grit, and Hist. Essays . 
 History of England 
 
 Speeches 
 Mackintosh's Miscellaneous Worki 
 
 ,, History of England 
 
 M'Culloch's Geographical Dictionary 
 Martinean's Church History ... 
 Maunder's Treasury of History 
 Memoir of the Duke of Wellington 
 Merivale's History of Rome * - 
 
 ., Roman Republic ... 
 Milner's Church History ... 
 
 Moore's (Thomas) Memoirs, etc. - 
 Mnre's Greek Literature - 
 
 Ranke's Ferdinand and Maximilian - 
 Rich's Companion to Latin Dictionary . 
 Riddle's Latin Dictionaries - - . 
 Rogers's Essays from Edinburgh Review 
 Roget's English Thessnrut * 
 Russell's (l.ady Rachel) Letters - 
 
 Life of Lord William Russell - 
 St. John's Indian Archipelago . . 
 
 Schmitz's History of Greece ... 
 
 Smith's Sacred Annals - - - - 21 
 
 Southey'sThe Doctor etc. - 21 
 
 Stephen's Ecclesiastical Biography - 21 
 
 Svdney Smith's Works - - - - 21 
 
 Select Works - - 23 
 
 Lectures on Moral Philosophy 21 
 
 Taylor's Loyola 22 
 
 Wesley 22 
 
 Thirhvall's History of Greece - - - 22 
 
 Townsend's State Trials .... 22 
 
 Turkey^nd Christendom ... 23 
 
 Middle^AgPS - 24 
 
 Sacred History of the World - 22 
 
 Zumpt's Latin Grammar - - - - 24 
 
 Geography and Atlases. 
 
 Butler's Geography and Atlases - - 7 
 
 Cabinet Gazetteer - - - - - 7 
 
 Durrieu's Morocco ..... 23 
 
 Hall's Large Library Atlas ... 9 
 
 Hughes'* Australian Colonies - 23 
 
 Jesse's Russia and the War - . - 12 
 
 Johnston's General Gazetteer - - 12 
 
 M'Cnlloch's Geographical Dictionary - 15 
 
 Russia and Turkey - - 23 
 
 Milner's Baltic Sea .... 16 
 
 Murray's Encyclopedia of Geography - 18 
 Sharp's British Gazetteer - .20 
 
 Wheeler's Geography of Herodotus - 24 
 
 Juvenile Books. 
 
 Amy Herbert ...... 20 
 
 Corner's Children's Sunday Book - 8 
 
 Earl's Daughter (The) - 20 
 
 Experience of Life - ... 20 
 
 Gertrude ...... 20 
 
 Howitfs Boy's Country Book - - - 11 
 
 (Man-) Children's Year - - 11 
 
 Katharine A shton ..... 20 
 
 Lady Una and her Queendom - - - 12 
 
 Laneton Parsonage .... 20 
 
 Mrs. Marcel's Conversations - - 15 & 16 
 
 Margaret Percival ..... 20 
 
 Pycroft's English Reading ... 19 
 
 Medicine and Surgery. 
 
 Bull's Hints to Mothers ... 6 
 
 ,, Management of Children * . 6 
 
 Copland's Dictionary of Medicine - . 8 
 
 Gust's Invalid's Own Book . 8 
 Holland's Mental Physiology - -10 
 Latham On Diseases of the Heart - .12 
 
 Little on Treatment of Deformities - 14 
 
 Moore On Health, Disease, and Remedy - 17 
 
 Pereira On Food and Diet - - - 18 
 
 Psychological Inquiries . 18 
 
 Recce's Medical Guide . 19 
 
 Miscellaneous and General 
 Literature. 
 
 Atkinson's Sheriff Law . 5 
 
 Austin's Sketches of German Life - 5 
 
 Carlisle's Lectures and Addresses - - 23 
 
 Tbalybaens's Speculative Philosophy - 8 
 
 Defence of F.clipit of Faith . 9 
 
 Eclipse of Faith 8 
 
 Greg's Essays on Political and Social 
 
 Science ..... 9
 
 TO MESSRS. LONGMAN AND Co.'s CATALOGUE. 3 
 
 Pages 
 Haydn's Book of Dignities - 10 
 Hole's Essay on Mechanic!' Institutions 10 
 Holland's Mental Physiology ... 10 
 Hooker's Kew Guide .... 10 
 Hewitt's Rural Life of England - - 11 
 ,, Visits to Remarkable Places - 11 
 
 Pages 
 Oalyert's Wife's Manual ... 7 
 Conybeare and Howson's St. Paul 8 
 Comer's Sunday Book .... 8 
 Dale's Domestic Liturgy . 8 
 Defence of dipt f of Faith ... 9 
 Discipline - . - - . 8 
 
 Jeffrey's (Lord) Contributions - - 12 
 l^ast of the Old Squires - IS 
 
 .\Iacaulav>s Critical and Historical Essays 15 
 
 Eclipse of Faith .'..-- g 
 Englishman's Greek Concordance - - 9 
 ,, Heb. and Chald. Concord. 
 Experience of Life (The) - - - 20 
 
 Mackintosh's (Sir J.) Miscellaneous Works 15 
 Memoirs of a M -litre d'Armes - - 23 
 Maitland's Church in the Catacombs - 18 
 Pascal's Works, bv Pearce - IS 
 Prcrofl's English'Readlng - - 19 
 Rich's Companion to Latin Dictionary - 19 
 Riddle's Latin Dictionaries ... 19 
 
 Harrison's Light of the Forge - - i< 
 Hook's (Dr.) Lectureson Passion Week 10 
 Home's Introduction to Scriptures - n 
 ,, Abridgment of ditto - - 11 
 HulbertonJob ..... jj 
 Jameson's Sacred Legends - u 
 M Monastic Legends - - 1] 
 i, Legends of the Madonna - 11 
 Jeremy Taylor's Works - - - - 12 
 Katharine Ashton .... - 20 
 
 Seaward ' Narrative of his Shipwreck . 20 
 Sir Roger De Coverley - - - 21 
 Smith's (Rey. Sydney^ Works - -21 
 Southey's Common. Place Books - - 21 
 
 Lady Una and her Quecndom - - ) 
 
 Souyestre's Attic Philosopher - - 23 
 Confessions of a Working Man 23 
 Stephen's Essays ----- 21 
 Stow's Training System - - - 21 
 Thomson's Outline of the Laws of Thought 22 
 Townsend's State Trials - . - 22 
 Willich's Popular Tales .... 24 
 Yonge's English Greek Lexicon - . 24 
 
 Letters to My Unknown Friends - - 12 
 ,, on Happiness - - - - 1. 
 Litton's Church of Christ - - - 14 
 Maitlaud's Church in the Catacombs - u 
 Margaret Perciyal - 20 
 Martioeau's Church History - 16 
 Milner's Church of Christ - - - jfj 
 Montgomery's Original Hymns - - 16 
 Moore On the Use of the Body - 17 
 Soul and Body . - 17 
 ,, 's Man and his Motives - - 17 
 
 Natural History in General. 
 
 Callow's Popular Conehology - - . 7 
 
 G'oss^N'atural flisfory of Jamaica" - 9 
 Kemp's Natural History of Creation - 23 
 Kirby and Spence's Entomology - - 12 
 Lee's Elements of Natural History . 12 
 Maunder's Treasury of Natural History - 16 
 Turton'a Shells of the Britishlslands 24 
 Walerton's Essays on Natural History - 24 
 Youatt's The Dog ..... 34 
 The Horse .... 24 
 
 1-Volume Encyclopaedias and 
 Dictionaries. 
 
 [Maine's Rural Sports - 6 
 Brande's Science, Literature, and Art . 6 
 Copland's Dictionary of Medicine - g 
 Cresy's Civil Engineering - 8 
 Gwilt's Architecture - 9 
 Johnston's Geographical Dictionary . 12 
 London'iAgriculture - 14 
 , , Rural Architecture . .14 
 ,, Gardening .... 14 
 Plants ..... 14 
 
 Neale's Closing Scene - ... is 
 Resting Places of the Just - - 17 
 Riches that bring no Sorrow - 17 
 ,, Risen from the Ranks ... 17 
 Newman's (J. H.) Discourses ... 18 
 Ranke's Ferdinand and Maximilian . 23 
 Readings for Lent - - - - 20 
 
 Robinson's Lexicon to the Greek Testa- 
 ment ------ 19 
 Saints our Example - 20 
 Self- Denial ...... 20 
 
 Sermon on the Monnt - - - - 20 
 ,, illuminated . - o 
 Sinclair's Journey of Life - - - 21 
 Smith's (Sydney) Moral Philosophy . 21 
 ,, (G.) Sacred Annals - - - 21 
 Southey's Life of Wesley - - - 21 
 Stephen's(SirJ.)EcclesiasticalBiography 21 
 Taylor's Loyola . -f 
 ,, Wesley - - - - . 75 
 
 Theologia Germanica ... .92 
 Thumb Bible (The) - 22 
 Tnrner'sSacred History - . .22 
 
 Poetry and the Drama. 
 
 Arnold's Poems ----- 5 
 Alkin's (Dr.) British Poets ... 5 
 Baillie's (Joanna) Poetical Works - 5 
 Barter's Iliad of Homer - - - - 5 
 Bode's Ballads from Herodotus - - 6 
 Calyert's Wife's Manual ... 7 
 Flowers and their Kindred Thoughts - 18 
 Goldsmith's Poems, illustrated . 9 
 Kent's Aletheia - - - - . 12 
 Kippis's Hymns 12 
 L.K.L.'s Poetical Works . 12 
 
 Trees and Shrubs ... 14 
 M'Culloch's Geographical Dictionary - 15 
 ,, Dictionary of Commerce - 16 
 Murray'sF.ncyclopa-diaof Geography - 17 
 Sharp's British Gazetteer . .20 
 Ure's Dictionary of Arts, etc. - - - 24 
 Webster's Domestic Economy - - 24 
 
 Religious and Moral Works. 
 
 Amy Herbert ------ JO 
 Atkinson on the Church .... 5 
 Bloomneld'sGreekTestaments - 6 
 ,, Annotations on ditto C
 
 4 CLASSIFIED INDEX. 
 
 Pages 
 Linwood's Anthologia Oxoniensis - 14 
 Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome - 16 
 Montgomery's Poetical Works 16 
 Orii(inal Hymns - 16 
 Moore 'i Poetical Works - - 17 
 ,, LallaRookh - - - 17 
 ,, Irish Melodies - - 17 
 u Son and Ballads - - 17 
 Shakspeare, by Bowdler - - 20 
 ,. f s Sentiments and Simil i 11 
 Southey'sPoetical Works - - 21 
 ,, British Poets - - 21 
 Thomson's Seasons, illustrated - 22 
 Thornton's Zohrab ... .22 
 Watu's Lyrics of the Heart - -24 
 
 Political Economy & Statistics. 
 
 Ban6eld's Statistical Companion . 6 
 Caird's Letters on Apiculture 7 
 Francis on Life Assurance ... 9 
 Greg's Essays on Political and Social 
 Srience ...... g 
 Laing's Notes of a Traveller - - 12 & 23 
 M'CullocVs Geographical Dictionary . 15 
 ,, Dictionary of Commerce - 15 
 
 Pages 
 Cecil's Stud Farm ..... 7 
 The Cricket Field ..... 8 
 Ephemera on Angling .... 9 
 ,, 's Book of the Salmon - 9 
 The Hunting Field .... 10 
 
 PockeVand "the Stud ** - - - 10 
 Practical Horsemanship - ... 10 
 Pulinan's Fly-Kishing .... 19 
 Richardson's Horsemanship . 19 
 St John's Sporting Rambles - - 19 
 Stable Talk and Table Talk ... 10 
 Stonehenge on the Grevhound - -22 
 The Stud, foi Practical 'Purposes . .10 
 
 Veterinary Medicine, etc. 
 
 Cecil's Stable Practice .... 8 
 Stud Farm ..... 7 
 The Hunting Field ..... 10 
 Morton's Veterinary Pharmacy - - 17 
 Pocket and the Stud - - - - Id 
 Practical Horsemanship - . . .1(1 
 Richardson's Horsemanship - -19 
 Stable Talk and Table Talk - 10 
 The Stud for Practical Purposes - - 10 
 Youatt'sThe Dog - - . . 24 
 The Horse .... 24 
 
 Voyages and Travels. 
 
 Baker's Rifle and Hound in Ceylon 6 
 Barrow's Continental Tour ... 23 
 Carlisle's Turkey and Greece ... 7 
 De Custine's Russia - - 23 
 EStheu ....... 23 
 Ferguson's Swiss Men and Mountains - 23 
 Forester and Biddnlph's Norway . . 9 
 Gironiere's Philippines - 23 
 Hill's Travel sin Siberia - - - .10 
 Hope's Brittany and the Bible - 23 
 Chase in Brittany - 23 
 Hewitt's Art Student in Munich . -11 
 Hue's Tartary, Thibet, and China - - 23 
 Hughes's Australian Colonies - - - 23 
 Hum bley's Indian Journal - - - 11 
 Humboldt's Aspects of Nature - - 11 
 Jameson's Canada ..... 23 
 Jerrmanii't, Pictures from St. Petersburg 23 
 
 ,, Statistics of the British Empire 15 
 Marcel's Political Rconomy - - - 16 
 Willich's Popular Tables - - - . 24 
 
 The Sciences in General and 
 Mathematics. 
 
 Bourne's Catechism of the Steam Engine 6 
 on the Screw Propeller - fi 
 Brande's Dictionary of Science, etc. - 6 
 ,, Lectures on Organic Chemistry 
 Cress's Civil Engineering - 8 
 DelaBecbe's Geology of Cornwall, etc. 8 
 ,, *s Geological Observer - 8 
 De la Rive's Klectrjcity .... 8 
 Faraday's Non-Metallic Elements - 9 
 Fullom's Marvels of Science ... 9 
 Herschel's Outlines of Astronomy . - 10 
 Holland's Mertal Physiology - - 10 
 Hnmboldt's Aspects of Nature -, - 11 
 
 Hunt ! s Researches on Light - - -11 
 Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopaedia - .18 
 Marcel's (Mrs.) Conversations - 15 & 16 
 Moseley's Engineering and Architecture 17 
 Owen's Lectures on Comparative Anatomy 1R 
 Our Coal Fields and our Coal Pits - -23 
 Pescfael's Elements of Physics . . 18 
 Phillips'! Fossils of Cornwall, etc. - Is 
 Mineralogy - - . Is 
 Guide to Geology . 18 
 Portlock's Geology of Londonderry - 18 
 Smee's Klectro-Mctallurgy - - - 21 
 Steam Enrine, by the Artisan Clnb . 6 
 Tate on Strength of Materials - .22 
 Todd's Tables of Circles - 22 
 Wilson's Electricity and the Electric 
 Telegraph .... 23 
 
 Rural Sports. 
 
 Baker's Rifle and Hound in Ceylon > 5 
 Berkeley's Reminiscences ... 6 
 Blaine's Dictionary ul Sports 6 
 Cecil's Stable Practice .... 8 
 Records of the Chase ... 7 
 
 Notes of a Traveller - - 12 & 23 
 Macintosh's Turkey and Black Sea - - 15 
 Oldmixou's Piccadilly to Peru - - - 18 
 Osborn's Arctic Journal .... is 
 Peel's Nubian Desert . ... is 
 Pfeiffer's Voyage round the World . -23 
 Power's New Zealand Sketches - - 18 
 Richardson's Arctic Boat Voyage - .19 
 Seaward's Narrative of his Shipwreck - 20 
 St. John's (H.) Indian Archipelago - 19 
 (J.A.) Isis - - - 19 
 
 " /H" I??!," *M d Back a * aln ^ 
 ( Hon. F.) Rambles - - . 19 
 
 Sutherland^ Arctic Voyage . . 2! 
 Traveller's Library - . - 23 
 Werne's African Wanderings - . . 23 
 
 Works of Fiction. 
 
 Arnold's Oakfield j 
 Lady Willoughby's Diary - .24 
 Macdon*ld'VilIa Verocchio . 
 Sir Roger De Coverley - ... 21 
 Southey'n The Doctor etc. - - SI
 
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