EPRESEMTATIVE r A OYOLOPJSDIA CANADIAN BIOGEAPHY. jROS£'S NATIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SERIES. II A CYCLOP^42E)IA CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY: CHIEFLY MEW OF THE TIME. A COLLECTION OF PERSONS DISTINGUISHED IN PROFESSIONAL AND POLITICAL LIFE ; LEADERS IN THE COMMERCE AND INDUSTRY OF CANADA, AND SUCCESSFUL PIONEERS. EDITED BY ROSE PUBLISHING COMPANY. 1888. Entered according to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year one thousand eiglit hundred and eifrhty-eight, by Hckter, Rose & Co., at the department of Agriculture. PRI«rrBD AKD BOUND BT HUNTER, ROSE & CO. TORONTO. UBRARY ^ r-^.- IJNIVEIWITY OF CAUrOit^U r / lANTABARBAiU PEEFACE. It has been too long a custom to regard as proper subjects for biogra- phical literature only persons who have figured in political life. In preparing the present work, any man or woman who has, in any conspicuous way, contributed to the moral, intellectual, industrial or political growth of the country, has been deemed a suitable person for these pages. To the heroism and uncomplaining industry of the men who hewed out homes in the wilder- ness, and little by little overcame the obstacles of nature, are we indebted now for our thriving cities, and for our wide stretches of cultivated lands ; and to omit a record of their labors, and select only for permanent record the deeds of those who came upon the scenes when the rugged work was done, would be singularly unjust. We have had, and still have amongst us, men of great genius in engineering skill, and in mechanical contrivance ; and it was fitting that a brief record of their lives, and what they accomplished for the community, should be handed down in the history of our common country. The same may be said of men prominent in every branch of com- merce, of our notable divines, our eminent judges, our great lawyers, our talented medical men, and those who have contributed to the educational growth of the country. These it was considered were worthy of place side by side with the men who chose political careers, and have won more or less distinction therein. There is to be said in justification of all these records, that even the histoiy of the man in an obscure village is a portion of the history of the country, and the aggregate record of " Representative Cana- dians " may be regarded in a young country like Canada, as a full historical account, in every sense, for the period covered by the biographical matter in the volume. Men are forever driftino: down the slow stream, and most of vi • PREFACE. their deeds, like themselves, pass into oblivion ; it is well while the oppor- tunity is at hand to save as much of the record as possible for posterity. The labor, the time, and the pains spent in securing data for the sketches herein contained have been greater than would be believed; and the more so since accuracy of statement of fact, and the chronological order of incidents, have been so rigidly aimed at. Dates and facts have all been verified either by reference to the best published authorities, or to the persons themselves. For the most part, the call for the cooperation of the public in furnishing data for the records has been cordially responded to. As for the literary portion of the work, no pains have been spared to make that equal to the other features. To make the volume complete in the historically " representative " sense, memoirs of the most illustrious of the dead of this country will be found in its pages. The enterprise has been tedious, laborious and expensive ; but if it will supply a record that the country should not let die ; if it preserves the names of worthy men and women whose deeds deserve to be remembered, it surely will have well repaid the time, the anxiety, and the pains that have been expended upon it. A work of this kind could not be else than tedious; and, therefore, since its com- mencement, several changes have taken place : some of the persons in its pages have died ; others have passed from one office to another, arid dropped from public places ; but with these latter exceptions and some other minor ones, each memoir, it is believed, will be found to be an accurate record up to the present date. GEO. MACLEAN ROSE. Toronto, March, 1888. INDEX. Page. A Adam, G. M. , Toronto 759 Adam, L. A. S., Sheriff, St. Hyacinthe .... 490 Adams, Aaron A., Coaticook 376 Adams, Hun. Michael, Newcastle 230 Adams, Rev. Thomas, M. A, D.C.L., Len- noxville 403 Aikins, Hon. James Cox, P.O., Lievit. -Gov- ernor, Winnipeg 009 Aikins, William T., M.D., LL.D., Toronto. . 797 Alexander, Rev. Finlow, M.R.C.S., L.S.A., Fredericton 300 Allan, Hon. G. W., D.C.L., Toronto 781 Allard, Joseph Victor, Berthierville 483 Allen, Hon. John C. , Fredericton 261 Allison, Charles F., Sackville 50 Allison, Charles, Yarmouth 312 Allison, David, M.A., LL.D., Halifax 719 AUnatt, Rev. F. J. B., D.D., Lennox ville.. 497 Alward,S.,A.M., D.C.L., M.P.P.,St. John 101 Amherst, Lord 513 Anderson, Alexander, Charlottetown 54 Anderson, Captain Edward Brown, Sarnia. . 179 Angers, Hon. Auguste Real, Quebec . . . .242, 815 Angus, Richard Bladworth, Montreal 465 Antliff, Rev. J. C, M.A., D.D., Montreal 2.51 Archambault, Urgel-Eugene, Montreal 36 Archiliald, Abram Newcomb 211 Archibald, Hon. Sir Adam Geo., K.C.M.G., D.C.L., P.C, Q.C., Halifax 164 Archibald, Peter S., Moncton 257 Archibald, John S., Q.C., D.C.L., Montreal 526 Armour, Hon. .John Douglas, Judge, Cobourg 6-54 Armstrong, Hon. .James, Q. C, CM. G., Sorel 325 Armstrong, Rev. W. D., M.A., Ph.D., Ottawa 49 Aubrey, Rev. Francois Fortunat, St. John's. 586 B Baby, Hon. L. F. G., Judge, Montreal 192 Badgley, Rev. E. I., M.A., B.D., LL.D., Cobourg 366 Page Baillairge, Che v. C. P. F., M.S., Quebec. ... 166 Baillairge, Louis de G., Q.C., Quebec. . . .252, 815 Bain, James William, M.P. ,St. Polycarpe.. 603 Ball, George, Xicolet 769 Baptist, George, Three Rivers 771 Barbeau, Henri Jacques, Montreal 427 ]5arclay, Rev. James, M.A., Montreal 124 Barclay, Rev. John, D.D,, Toronto 320 Barker, Frederic Eustace, M.A., D.C.L., (i.e., M.P., St. John 207 Barnard, Edmund, Montreal 710 Barrett, M., B.A., M.D., Toronto 160 Barrj', Denis, B.C.L., Montreal 723 Baudouin, Philibert, St. John's 582 Baxter, Robert Gordon, M.D., Moncton. . . . 103 Bayard, William, M.D., St. John 23 Bayly, Richard, B. A. , Q. C. , London 38 Baynes, William Craig, B. A 371 Beaton, Alexander H., M.D., Orillia 187 Beaubien, Hon. Louis, Montreal 631 Beckwith, A, G., C.E., Fredericton 86 Beckwith, Hon. John Adolphus 88 Beek, James Scott, Fredericton 218 Begg, Alexander, Dunbow Ranch, N.W.T.. 3.50 Begin, Rev. Louis Nazaire, D.D., Quebec. 177 Belanger, Louis-Charles, Sherbrooke 673 Belanger, Rev. Fran9ois Honore, Quebec . . 274 Bell, Andrew Wilson, Carleton Place 109 Bell, J. H., M.A., M.P.P., Summerside. . . . 269 Belleau, Sir Narcisse, K.C.M.G., (^C, Quebec 347 Benson, Rev. Manly, Toronto 59 Bentley, Hon. G. W. W., Kensington 2-59 Bergeron, J. G, H., B.C.L., M.P., Montreal 438 Bernier, Michael Esdras, M.P., St. Hyacinthe 595 Berryman, Daniel Edgar, ^l.D., CM., A.R.S., St. John 268 Berryman, John, M.D., M.P.P., St. John. . 674 Berthelot, Hon. J. A., Judge, Montreal 43 Bethune, J. L., M.D.CM.,M.P.P.,Baddeck 285 Bethune, R. H., Toronto 764 Bingay, Thomas Van Buskirk, Yarmouth 550, 815 INDEX. Page Binney, Irwine Whitty, Moncton 42 Binney, Right Rev. Hibbert, D.D 699 Blackadar, Hugh William, HaHfax 706 Black, Charles Allan, M.D., Amher.st 474 Black, J. Burpee, M.D., Windsor, N.S 549 Black, Thomas R., M.P.P., Amherst 733 Black, William Tel], Windsor 808 Blair, Frank I., M.D., St. Stephen 352 Blair, Hon. A. G., Fredericton 440 Blake, Hon. E., P.C, Q.C., M.P., Toronto. 690 Blanchet, Hon. Jean, Q.C., M.P.P., Quebec 431 Blanchet, Hon. Joseph Goderic, (Quebec .... 107 Boak, Hon. Robert, Halifax 682 Boire, Louis Henri Napoleon, Three Rivers 4.30 Boivin, Charles Alphonse, St Hyacinthe 046 Tiorden, F. W., B.A., M.D., M.P., Canning 317 Boswell, G. M. J., Judge, Cobourg 131 Botsford, Hon. Bliss, Moncton 603 Boulton, Lieut-Col. D'Arcy E., Cobourg. . . . 769 Bourgeois, G. A., M.D., CM., Three Rivers 766 Bourgeois, Hon. Jean Baptiste, Three Rivers 646 Bourinot, John George, LL.D., Ottawa 326 Bowel], Hon. Mackenzie, M.P., Belleville... 701 Bowser, Rev. Alex. Tliomas, B.D., Toronto 473 Branchaud, Moise, Q.C., Beauharnois 104 Bresse, Hon. Guillaume, Quebec 583 Bridges. Henry Seabury, Fredericton 749 Brock, iTajor-General Sir Isaac, K,B 113 Brock, Rev. Isaac, M.A., D.D., Halifax.... 480 Brodie, Robert, Queljec 374 Bronson, Erskine Henry, M.P.P., Ottawa. . 153 Brooks, Hon. E. T., Judge, Sherbrooke .... 766 Brown, H. B., Q.C., LL.M., Sherbrooke. . . 499 Brown, William 577 Bruce, Rev. George, B.A. , St. John 202 Brymcer, Douglas, Ottawa 806 Bryson, Hon. (!eorge, Senr., Fort Coulonge.. 470 Buchanan, Wentworth James, Montreal.... 744 BuUer, Frank, M.l)., Montreal 172 Bullock, Joseph, St. John 41 Burland, George B., Montreal 441 Burns, Rev. Robert Ferrier, D.D., Halifax 40, .S15 Burrill, James, Yarmouth 716 Burrill, William, Yarmouth 720 Burwasli, Rev. Xathani*;], S.T.IJ., Cobourg 90 C Cabana, Huljert Charon, Slicrbrooke 602 Cadman, James, C.E., (^)uebec .^((j") Cairns, George Frederick, Smith's I'alls 57 Cairns, l^homas, Perth 57 Call, Robert Randoljih, Newcastle 121 Cameron, Allan, M. D., CoUingwood 807 Cameron, Charles, CoUingwood 333 Cameron, Sir Mattliew, Toronto 156 Page Cameron, Wm., M.P.P., Sutherland River, Pictou 333 Campbell, F. W., M.A., M.D., L.R.C.P., Montreal 321 Campbell, George W., A.M., M.D., LL.D.. 205 Campbell, Hon. Wm. , Park Corner 473 Campbell, Rev. Kenneth A., Orillia 202 Campbell, Rev. R., M.A., D.D., Montreal 132 Cami)bell, Sir Alexander, K.C.M.G., Lieut. - Governor, Toronto 531 Cannon, Lawrence Ambrose, (Quebec 400 Carbray, Felix, Quebec 499 Cardin, Louis Pierre Paid, M.P.P., Sorel ... 688 Cargill, Henry, M.P., Cargill 272 Carignan, Onesime, Three Rivers .525 " Caris Sima" (Clara H. Mountcastle), Clinton 292 Carleton, John Louis, St. John 100 Carling, Hon. John, London 680 Caron, Hon. Sir Jos. Philippe Rene Adoljjhe, K.C.M.G., B.C.L., Ottawa 663 Carrier, Charles William, Levis 421 Carson, Rev. W. Wellington, Ottawa 556 Carswell, James, Renfrew 478 Cartier, Jacques 17 Cartier, Sir George Etieime .569 Casavant, Joseph Claver, St. Hyacinthe .590 Casavant, Samuel, St. Hyacinthe 590 Casgrain, T. C, Q.C., LL.D., M.P.P., Quebec 278 Castle, Rev. J. H., D.D., Toronto 768 Chabot, Julien, (Quebec 381, 815 Chagnon, Hon. H. W., Judge, St. John's 6.33 Chaml erlain, David Cleveland, Pembroke. . . 242 Champlain, Samuel de 612 Chapleau, Hon. J. A., Q.C., LL.D., M.P., Montreal G34 Chapman, Roljert ^Vndrew, Dorchester 263 Charland, Hon. Justice Alfred X., B.C.L., St. John's 721 Charlebois, Alphonse, ( ,>uelje<; 607 Chauveau, Hon. Justice Alexander, P.C.L., Quebec 213 Chenevert, Cuthbeit Aljjhonse, Berthierville 751 Chesley, John .Vlexande", Portland 138 Chicoyne, Jerome Adolphe, Sherbr(joke 36!> Child, Marcus, Coaticook 647 Chisholm, Mrs. Addie, Ottawa 604 Chisholm, Peter J., Truro, 408 Clio(|uette, P, A., LL.B., M.P., Montmagny 341 Churcli, Hon. Charles Edward, Halifax.... 171 Cimon, Hon. M. H. E., JuL.D., F.I.C., F.R.S.C, Halifax 717 Leach, Ven. Archdeacon, D.C.L., LL.D. . . . 134 Leblanc, P. E., M.P.P., Montreal 782 Leclerc, Rev. J. L^., Montreal 753 Lefebvre, Guillaume, Waterloo, (^ 721 Lefebvre, Joseph Herbert, Waterloo, Qi 587 LeMay, Leon Pamphile, (Quebec 220 xu jyijEX. Page Lemieux, Francois Xavier, M.P.P., Quehec. 601 LePan, Frederick X. D'Orr, Owen Sound. . 68 Lewis, W. J.,M.])., M.P.P., Hillsborough.. 316 Long, Thomas, Collingwood 81 Longley, Hon. James Wilberforce, M.P.P., M.E.C., Halifax 180 Longworth, Hon. John, Q.C., 329 Loranger, Hon. L. O., Judge, Montreal 299 Lord, Major Artema.s, Charlottetown 219 Lorrain, Eight Eev. Narcisse Zephirin, Bishop, Pembroke ] 93 Lount, William, (^C, Toronto 743 Lugrin. Charles H., A.M., Fredericton 382 Lugrin, Charles S., Fredericton 407 Lyall, Eev. William, LL.D., Halifax 233 Lyman, F. S., B.A., B.C.L., Montreal .... 313 Mc McCaffrey, Charles, Nieolet .544 McCallum, G. A., M.D., Dunville 418 McCaul, Eev, John, D.D., Toronto wr-, McClelan, Hon. Abner Eeid, Hopewell 349 McConnell, J., M.D., M.C.P.S.O., Toronto. .367 McConnell, J. B., M.D., CM., Montreal .. 386 McConnel, William George, Berthierville . . . 490 McConville, Joseph Xorbet Alfred, Juliette.. .541 McCf sh, John, Orillia 74 McDonald, A. E., Eiver du Loup {en ta.v) . . 279 McDonald, Hon. J., Chief Justice, Halifax.. 712 McDonald, Eev. Clinton Donald, B. A., B.L., B.D., M.A., Ph.D., B.Sc, Thorold .505 McEachran, Professor Duncan MeXab, F.E.C.V.S., Montreal 162 McGee, Hon. T. D'Arcy, B.C.L., M.B.T.A.. .302 McHenry, Donald C, M.x\., Cobourg 482 Mclsaac, Angus, Judge, Antigonish 3S8 Mclsaac, Colin F., M.P.P., Antigonish .395 Mcllwraith, Thomas, Hamilton 722 Mclntyre, Eight Eev.P.,D.D., Charlottetown 110 McKinnon, Hon. John, M.P.P., Whycin 411 McLelan, Hon. Archibald Woodbury, M.P. 703 McLellan, Hon. David, M.P.P., Indiantown 433 McLeod, Hon. Xeil, M.A., Charlottetown.. 220 McLeod, Howard Douglas, St. John 387 McLeod, Hon. J. D., M.L.C., Pictou 764 McLeod, Eev. .Joseph, D.JX, Fredericton . . . 137 McMaster, Hon. William, 'iVjronto 286 McMicken, Hon. Gilljert, Winnipeg 346 McMillan, John, M.D., Pictou 711 McXeil, Hon. Daniel, Port Hood 381 McXeill, John Sears, M.P. P., Barton 180 ^SlcXicoll, D., Montreal 662 Page McPherson, E.E, Thorold 154 McEitchie, Eev. George, Pre^cott 21.5 M Macallum, A., M.A., LL.B., Hamilton .. . 738 MacCallum, D.C.,M.D.,M.E.C.S., Montreal 1.38 MacColl, Evan, Kingston 95 MacCoy, W. F., Q.C., M.P.P., Halifax ... 190 Macdonald, Augustine Colin, Montague .... 354 Macdonald, Charles De Wolf, B.A., Pictou.. 285 Macdonald, Duncan, St. John s 630 Macdonald, Hon. A. A., Lieut, (jov., Char- lottetown 466 Macdonald, Hon, John, Senator, Toronto. . . 579 Macdonald, L. G., (^C, St. John's -543 Macdonald, Lieut. -Col. C. J., Halifax 268 Macdonald, Eev. J. C, Charlottetown .... 199 Macdonald, E. Tyre, Sutton 811 Macdonald, Eight Hon. Sir John Alexander, G.C.B., D.C\L., LL.D., Ottawa 670 Maedonnell, Eev. D. .L. B.D., Toronto.... 196 MacDowall, D, H., M.P., Prince Albert ... . 611 MacFarlane,Foster, M.D.,Fairville. St. John 39 Macfarlane, lliomas, (.)ttawa- 88 MacGillivray, Hon, A., Antigonish 767 Machin, Henrj- Turner, (^>uebec 554 Mackay, Alexander Howard, B.A. , B.Sc, F.S.Sc, Pict'Hi, X.S 210 Mackay, X. F., MA)., CM., M.E.C.S., Halifax 269 Mackay, W., M.D., M.P. P., Eeserve Mines -5.56 Mackenzie, Hon. A., P.C, M,P., Toronto. . .522 Mackenzie, J. M. , Moncton 798 MacKinnon, Tristiam A,. Montreal 502 Mackintosh, Charles H., Ottawa 446 Maclaren, .Tames, Buckingham 540 MacLean, Alexander, Ottawa 2S4 MacI.,eod, Eev. John M., Cliarlottetown. . . . 46 MacMahon, Hon. Hugh,. Judge, Toronto. .. . 733 ]S[acpherson, Alexander, Montreal 778 Macpher.son, Henry, Judge, Owen Sound... 200 MacVicar, Eev. Malcolm, Pli.D., LL.J)., Toronto 30 Madill, Frank, M.A., M.P.. Beaverton .528 Magnan, Adolphe, X. P., Juliette 637 Mara, J. A., M.P., Kamloops 784 ]\[artin, .Joseph, I^L.B., (Quebec 555 Mason, T. G. , Toronto 811 Masson, Hon. Tjouis Francronto, 551 INDEX. Page Shorey, HolUs, Montreal 051 Shortt, Rev. William, B.D., Walkerton 747 Sicotte , Hon. Louis Victor, St. Hyacinthe . . 438 Sif ton, Hon. John Wright, Brandon 4(3 Silver, William Chamberlain, Halifax 318 Simcoe, Lieut. -General John Graves lf., Montreal, Bishop of the Reformed Episcopal church in the Dominion of Canada and the Island of New- foundland, was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland, on the 6th day of August, 1845. He is the youngest son of Captain Richard Beverly Ussher, late of H. M. 86th Regt., and Henrietta Ussher [nee Boileau). On both sides of the house his ancestors were most distinguished. Captain R. B. Ussher was descended from Richard Neville, the great Earl of War^^dck, one of whose de- scendants (for political reasons took the name of the office which he bore, yvz., Usher of the Black Rod, thus retaining his influ- ential and lucrative position when the name of Ne\'ilie had become unpopular and the "Kingmaker's" influence had waned, ) sub- sequently settled in Ireland. To distinguish the family name from the office, the second letter, s, was added some eighty years ago.. The subject of this sketch is descended from a long line of churchmen. His great grand- father was rector of the parish of Clontarf, near Dublin, wliich was held in the family from father to son for over one hundred and fifty years. The Rev. John Ussher, after- wards Astronomer Royal for Ireland, was the last of the family to hold the incum- bency. His sons were Rear- Admiral Sir Thomas Ussher, K.C.A., who figured in the history of the great Napoleon, taking him to Elba in H.M.S. Undaunted. He died Naval Commander-in-Chief, at Cork, Ire- land, and lies buried in one of the vaults of Monkstown church, County Dublin — his record was that of a gallant sailor. John; Ussher, of Woodpark, who left four sous, the youngest of whom, Richard Beverly, was the father of Bishop Ussher, of Mont- real. He is directly descended from Arch- bishop Henry Ussher, one of the founders of Trinity College. Dublin, whose brother Arland was the father of James Ussher (Trinity's first student, buried in Henry VII. Chapel in Westminster Abbey), the celebrated Primate of Ireland, author of " Ussher's Chronology," etc., ■with whom the Duke of Wellington was also connected, o'W'ing to the fact that Mary Ussher married Henry CoUey, of Castle Carberry, who was the mother of the first Lord Morningtou, who was the grandfather of the Duke of Wellington. The Venerable Archdeacon Adam Ussher, rector of Clontarf, was the br(jther of the above named Mary Ussher and son of Sir William Ussher, clerk of the Council. The Rectory of Clontarf descend- ed to his s(m Frederick, and from him to his son Henry Ussher, D.D., who held the Andrew's Professorship of Astronomy in Trinity College, Dublin, and from him is directly descended Captain R. B. Ussher. the father of the Right Rev. Bishop Ussher. Three hundred years ago two brothers of the name of Ussher were driven from Ire- land during one of the troul)les, and settled in the neighl)ourhood of Melrose, in Scot- land, where they acquired considerable lands, and amongst them the pro2)erty of Huntley -burn, one of the most celebrated spots on the Borders. The grandfather of the present Thomas Ussher. of Edinburgh, for seventeen years secretary of the Borders' County Association for the Advancement of Education (and out of wliich arose the celebration of the centenary of Sir Walter 20 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Scott), sold to Sir Walter Scott the chief part of the estate of Abbotsford (vide " Lockart's Life of Scott "). By unbroken tradition this branch claims kinship with Archbishop Ussher ; and the Bev. W. Neville Ussher, cousin of the above named Thomas Ussher, is a canon of the Cathedral in Edinburgh. The Ussher family have had the honour of ha%dng four distinguished church digni- taries ; two Archbishops of Armagh ; one Bishop of Kildare (Robert Ussher) ; and Bisho}) B. B. Ussher, of Montreal, who has at present five surviving brothers and two sisters as follow : — Major- General John Theophilus Ussher, Beverly Ussher, Henry Ussher, M.B., Rev. P. R. C. Ussher, a prom- inent minister in Australia ; and James Ussher, solicitor ; Henrietta Buchanan and Arabella Madelina Biichanan. On his mother's side Bishop Ussher has an equally distingiiished ancestry, the Boileau family being one of the few that can trace their genealogy back without a break for a period of over six hundred years. The present Baron Boileau de Castleneau is the seventeenth in descent from Etienne Boileau, who, born early in the thirteenth century, was appointed by Louis IX., in the year 1255, Grand Provost of Paris, at that period the highest officer of state. In 1371, Jean Boileau was ennobled by Charles V. At the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, A.D. 1685, Jacques Boileau, the lOtli baron, was arrested as a Protestant, tortiired, and, after an imprisonment of ten and one-half vears, died in the prison of St. Jean de Yedas, one mile from Montpellier, a noble martyr for the Protestant faith, having been beheaded by order of the Duke de Nem- ours. His son, Charles Boileau, then a vouth, having taken refuge in England and having entered the British Army, firm to his Protestant faith, formally renounced his rights and titles to the honours and estates of the family which thereby devolved on his younger brother Maurice, who be- came the eleventh Baron Boileau. From that time the barony fell into the hands of the junior and Roman Catholic branch of the familv of which the present Baron Boileau de Castleneau is now the representative. He holds, too, the ancient chateau de Castle- neau, six miles from Nimes, which has been for three and a half centuries in the family to which it gives the present title of the barony. Five of the Barons de Castleneau held in succession the office of Royal Trea- surer. Charles Boileau died in 1733, leav- ing three children who had issue, whose grandchildren and more remote issue are now living to the number of six hundred and fifty. The Right Rev. Bishop Ussher, when a child, was sent from under the jurisdiction of a governess at a very early age. At Delgany College, in the county Wicklow, the Rev. Dr. Daniel Flyns, of Harcourt street, Dublin, and the Rugby of Ireland, the Rev. Dr. »Stackpools, of Kings- town, he received his education as a youth. As a lad he was older than his years and soiight the company of those much his seniors, showing a decided penchant for those given to stiidy. Thrown chiefly amongst medical students he followed the course of study so closely with one com- panion, that he was almost as well fitted as he to pass the examinations. At a little over sixteen years he secured the diploma of the Royal Dubhn Society, taking sixth place out of seventy-three candidates. Owing to heavy financial losses, through the dis- honesty of associates, the father of young Ussher was unable to permit him to con- tinue his sudies and the determination was formed to visit the United States. The re- solve was put into execution, and, in the city of New York, mercantile life was entered upon ; successful, though not in harmony with it, it was abandoned after a year, and a \asit xmdertaken to Washington, where several of the United States" army hospitals were visited ; the old medical love rekindled and much practical knowledge gained in the treatment of surgical diseases and gun-shot wounds. The resolve was then formed to adopt medicine as a profession, and after pursuing his medical studies in the Univer- sity of Michigan, he finally received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Illinois, became a member of the State Medical Association, and was ultimately elected a meml)er of the National Eclectic Medical Association. As a jiractitioner he was most successful and as a citizen highly esteemed in the city of Aurora, Illinois, where he practised for over ten years. He was vig- orou.sly identified "with the welfare of the community, and at one time it seemed that he would enter into political life, being offered the nomination l^y the Democratic ])arty as a candidate for the legislature. Politics, however, were too impure to have any permanent attraction for him, and he devoted himself to his professional duties CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 21 and the interests of the Anglican Church, of which he was a member. Set thinking by a sermon preached by the well-known evan- gelist, Mr. Moody, the instructions of pious parents were revived, and earnest Christian work entered upon with marked evidence of the divine favour. Under the license of the . Right Rev. Dr. Whitehouse, then bishop of Illinois, he kept alive several mission fields and taught a large Bible-class with great acceptability. It was then pressed upon him that he should enter the ministry of the Anglican Church in the Diocese of Illinois. Steadily the conviction of the need of entire consecration to God's ser- vice deepened; it was fought back, but the urging of Bishop Whitehouse was strong, and as there was then little evidence of the sacerdotalism that subsequently manifested itself, the course of study was entered upon iTnder the bishop's direction. In time it became apparent that the bishop of Illinois held strong High Church views. He was a guest in Dr. Ussher's house on the evening of the day of the publication of Bishop Tozer's letter condemning Bishop Cummins of Kentucky, for partaking of and adminis- tering the communion of the Lord's Supjier with Dr. John Hall, Drs. Arnot and Dorner, of the Presbyterian church, and reading it ■with a sense of indignation, he (Dr. Ussher ) asked Bishop Whitehouse what he thought of such a letter, to which Bishoji White- house replied in cold, severe tones, " I think Bishop Tozer is perfectly right, and Bishop Cummins deserves the severest condenma- tion." Those words decided the mind of Dr. Ussher, and realizing that as an Evan- gelical Protestant Churchman, he would he out of sympathy with Bishop Whitehouse, he determined to abandon the idea of enter- ing the Anglican ministry. He felt, how- ever, that his heart was so bound up in the Episcopal Church, and his love for her liturgy was so great, that he coiild not be at home in any other branch of Christ's Church. At this juncture the Right Rev. Bishop Cummins, D.D., took stejis to or- ganize the Reformed Epi-scopal Church, which being made public, proved the open door. Under the guidance of that distin- guished Protestant prelate, he pursued his studies and was ordained deacon in the city of Chicago, by the Right Rev. Bishop Cheney, in Christ Church, June 9th, 1874, and presbyter, July 16th, 1876, in Emman- uel Church, Ottawa, Ontario, by Bishops Cheney, Nicholson, Cridge find Fallows. His pastorates in Canada have been, one of three years in Toronto, during which was built the church on the corner of Simcoe and Caer Howell streets, and his present charge in St. Bartholomew's, Montreal, over which he has been pastor since 1878. For good and sufficient reasons he and his con- gregation withdrew from the jurisdiction of the Reformed Episcopal Church in the United States and united with the English branch of the Reformed Episcojjal Church under the Right Rev. T. H. Gregg, M.D., D.D., otherwise called the Reformed Church of England. By the General Synod in England, in the following year, the Rev. Dr. Ussher was elected to the episcopate, but declined. Two years after he was elected again, the Canadian Synod electing him as their liishop, and in 1882, on the 19th day of June, he was consecrated in Trinity Church, Southend, by the Right Rev. Bishoj) Gregg, and seven presbyters, as " a bishop in the Church of God." Re- turning to Canada he took charge of the Diocese of Canada and Newfoundland. The bishop believing in benevolent societies as handmaids to the church, has been a mem- ber of the Order of Oddfellows since 1865, and has held the office of Grand Master of the Province of Quebec ; he has also been, and is at present, a member of the Order of Knights of Pythias, in which he holds the rank of Past Grand Chancellor, and has had the honour of being Supreme Representative for the State of Illinois, and the authorship of one of the degrees in use by the order. Bishop Ussher is a graceful and forcible writer and an eloquent speaker, and poet of acknowledged merit. In his religious views he is an old-time Evangelical believer, pronounced in his Protestant views, in fact, a keeper in the old pdtlis, for which reason he is ecclesiasticallv where he is to-dav. On the 16th day o'f July, 1867, he was married by the Rev. Dr. Kelly, in the city of Chicago, to Elizabeth Leonora Thomp- son, third daughter of the Rev. Skeffing- ton Thompson, of Broomfield. near Lucan. in the county of Dublin, Ireland, and Eli- zabeth Margaret D'Arcy. The father of Mrs. Ussher, the Rev. Skeffingtcm Thomp- son, is the thirteenth child of tlie late Skeff- ington Thompson, of Rathually, county of Meath, by Anna Maria Carter, only child and heiress of Thomas Carter, of Rathnally. county Meath. Skeffington Thompson the 22 .1 CYCLOPEDIA OF elder was an unsuccessful candidate in the last Irish Parliament against the Duke of Wellington for the borough of Trim, both candidates being neighbours in the same county, Dangan Castle, the Wellesley seat, being near Trim. The family of Thompson, according to Burke, descended from the Thompsons of Barton, Cumberland, a branch of which settled about the 16th century in the county of Hertford, England. The Irish branch are descended from those who crossed over to Ulster when that pro\'ince was first taken in hand by King James, and engaging in the prosperous linen trade made large fortunes. Mrs. Ussher's family history on the male side is interesting, as leading back to the famous Thomas Carter, who took so active a part in the Irish revolution, ending with the battle of the Boyne, 1690. This Thomas Carter was sergeant-at-arms, a partisan of King Wilham III. at the siege of Derry, and battle of the Boyne. He was, as Burke, Ulster King of Arms, says " a gentleman u'huse services to his country at the revolution were very considerable, for lie not only served King Wilham at the battle of the Boyne (July 1st. 1690), but ■secured divers usefiil books and writings belonging to King James and his secre- taries.^'' These documents he secreted in the vaults of Christ's Church Cathedral, Dublin, until after the disturbances. He married for his second wife, the Countess of Eoscommon, widow of Wentworth Dillon, the poet, who was publicly biiried in West- minster Abbey. By her he had no family, lout his only son Thomas became Master of the Irish Rolls, for twenty-four years. Privy Councillor, and Secretary of State. This Eight Hon. Thomas Carter had two sons and three daughters, from the eldest of whom Mrs. Ussher is descended. The eldest sister of this Thomas Carter married Doctor Philip Twysdeu. bislio}) of Raphoe. and son of Sir William Twysden. baronet, of Roy don Hall, Kent. The issue of this marriage, Frances, marrieil George Bussey, fourth Earl of Jersey and first cousin to Anna Maria Carter. Mrs. Ussher's grandmother. This latter alliance resulted in the birth of two sons and six daughters, her eldest son being George, fifth Earl of Jersey, and the daughters bec-ame Ladies William RusseU, Ann Lambton, Sarah Bailey, LavlyPon.scmby, I^ady Henrietta, who married the bishop of Oxford, and Lady Anglesey, wfe of the Mar- quis of Anglesey, a hero of Waterloo, and for her second husband the Duke of Argyll, which Duchess of Argyll was cousin german to Mrs. Skeffington Thompson, Mrs. Ussher's paternal grandmother. The Right Hon. Thomas Carter's second daughter. Susan, married Thomas Carter, of Duleek Park and Castle, county Louth, and her grand-daugh- ter, Elizabeth, became Marchioness of Tho- mond by entering the family of William O'Bryen, descendant from Brien Boroimhe. King of Ireland, and whose line was continu- ed by the King of Munster and of Thomond to the reign of Henry YIIL.King of England (see Sharpe's Peerage j . Mrs. Ussher's family history on the female side is even more in- teresting. Her mother was Ehzal)cth Mar- garet, eldest daiighter of the Rev. Joshua D'Arcy. Rector of Lacka, county Kildare. This D'Arcy family came to Ireland early in the 14th century and settled at Platten in the county Meath. In a book "Maynooth Castle," written by the present Duke of Leinster when Marquis of Kildare, on page 5, we read, ''Sir John D'Arcy, Lord Justice of Ireland, married the Countess Johanna de Burgh, daughter to the Red Earl of Lester, and sister to Ellen, wife of Robert Bruce. King of Scotland. They had a son, Wilham. born at Maynooth, in 1330, from whom the present family of D'Arcy are lineally de- scended, and are represented by George James Norman D'Arcy, of Hyde Park, county Westmeath f see Burke's *• Landed Gentry." alsoWalford's "County Families"), the worthy head of both Enghsh and Irish families and representative of twenty-eight peerages of Great Britain. The Irish D'Arcys were governors of Ireland in the reign of the three Edwards, with extra- ordinary privileges, the power to appoint a deputy, which as Fynes Thompson remarks, neither V)ef()re nor after was granted to any but some few of the royal ])lood (and which he exercised on two several occasions ) . A descendant. Sir William D'Arcy of Platten (or Platyn ) was the person who carried Lambert Simnel on his shoulders through I>ul)lin after he had ])een cro^\'ned in Christ Church Cathedral, for which he was obliged to do homage to his viceroy, in 1488. This Sir William D'Arcy's descendant, Vice- Treasurer of Ireland, in 1523, was the autlK)r of a work entitled, " The Decay of Ireland and the causes of it," the MS. of which is now in the library of Trinity College. Du])lin. It is quite beyond the limit of this sketch to give a full history of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 23 a family dating back to their ancient seat in Arcques, in Normandy, whence they came to England with the Conqueror, mto whose family they had married previously — then settled in Lincolnshire and are given in ex- tenso in Burke's '"Extinct Peerages." The Yorkshire histories contain a full pedigree of about twenty-five generations, and the English and Irish pedigree illuminated by Camden, the historian, and author of the '• Brittania," dating from 1066 to 1617, is in the possession of the present head of the D'Arcy house, Mrs. Ussher's cousin. This history says, that Nicholas D'Arcy, of Pla- tyn, espoused the cause of King James II., and was a captain in his army. He was con- sequently attained in 1690, and his estates were forfeited and sold in 1691 ; his only son Christopher, dying unmarried, George D'Arcy, the surviving lineal heir, male, suc- ceeded to the family headship. This George D'Arcy entertained James the Second in his Castle of Dunmow the night after the battle of the Boyne, and King William was his guest previous to the battle. King James in his hurried departure next morning for- got his pistol which yet remains in the D'Arcy family. It is related of him that on the occasion he repeated the following couplet : " Who will be king I do not know, But I'll be D'Arcy of Dunmow." He was declared an innocent Papist in 1693, and died in full possession of his estates in Meath and Westmeath, in 1718. His de- scendant John D'Arcy, born 1700, married, 1727, and was the first of the family to con- form to the Protestant faith, which took place before his marriage with Miss Judge, of Grangebey, county Westmeath. He died in 1785, leaving four sons, Jiidge, Francis, Arthur, and James. Francis D'Arcy, on the death of his brother. Judge D'Arcy, became heir male of Sir William D'Arcy, of Platyn, second son of Lord D'Arcy, "viceroy of Ire- land. On the death of Robert D'Arcy, fourth Earl of Holderness, in Yorkshire, 1778, heir male of John D'Arcy and Norman D'Arcy. Francis D'Arcy died in 1813, without issue, and his youngest brother James D'Arcy, ■who alone had sons and daughters, thus continued the line — his eldest son, John, claimed the older D'Arcy baronies, held by the last Earl of Holderness, and this claim after trial was established. But it appears that as Robert D'Arcy, fourthEarlof Holder- ness, left an only child. Lady Amelia, who married the Marquis of Carmarthan, after- wards fifth Duke of Leeds, thus carrying off the Yorkshire estates into the Osborn family, the title has not been resumed by the present famUy. James D'Arcy, born in 1740, had three sons, John, bom 1767, Joshua, the grandfather of Mrs. Ussher, and Thomas, who was a major in the army, and at his death. Inspector General of Police, in Ulster. It is interesting to know that the marriage of Lady Amelia D'Arcy, Baroness Conyers in her own right, was dissolved by Act of Par- liament in May, 1779, after the birth of three children, and both parties remarried the following year, the Lady Amelia marry- ing John Byron, father of the poet. Lord Byron (she died January 20th, 1784, Dodd's Peerage, Genealogical Volume and Plates of Arms, page 5). The foregoing is a very condensed account, necessarily, of Mrs. Ussher's family history. A more ex- tended history involving, as it would, the introduction of many other distinguished families in every department of the state, and covering many professions, literary, scientific, military and naval, we must ask our readers to spare us. Reference to the usual standard histories, genealogies and heralds of Great Britain, would confirm the above. It must be remembered that all the history of the English D'Arcys, dating from 1066, their possession of thirty-three baronies in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, their active part with the other barons in extracting Magna Charta from King John, their subsequent prominent part in the state during every reign down to that of George III., the Pilgrimage of Grace, these and many other matters have been omitted, but what has been said will suffice to show whence we have come, and we trust that the present and future will verify the wise man's saying (Prov. xvii, 6. ) in the history of Mrs. Ussher, that if " Children's children are the crown of old men, the glory of children are their father's." The following are the sur- viving children of Bishop andMrs.Ussher : — Sydney Lahmire Neville Ussher, Clarence Douglas Ussher, Charles Edward Cheney Ussher, George Richard Beardmore Ussher, Elizabeth Henrietta Ussher, Warwick Wel- lesley Ussher. Bayard William, M.D., Edin., St. John, New Brunswick, was bom in Kent- ville, Nova Scotia, on the 21st day of Au- gust, 1814. The ancestors of our subject 24 A CYCLOPEDIA OF were Htiguenots, and directly connected with the family, represented by the famous knight, " sans peiir et sans reproche," whose coat of arms is carried by them to this day. Having been driven from France, they landed in New Amsterdam, now New York, in the month of May, 1647. There were three brothers, Petrus, Balthazer and Nicholas ; one remained in New York, and became one of the most prominent men in that city ; one went to Baltimore and his branch gave senators to that city for the last hundred years, among them the present United States fSecretary ; and the other one went to England, giving numerous soldiers of distinction to that country, among them Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard and Colonel John Bayard, brothers. Colonel Samuel Vetch Bayard had three sons ; one a captain in the army, was killed at the battle of Waterloo ; one a captain in the English navy, was murdered at Fordham, near New York city ; and the third son. Robert, the father of our subject, was a lieii tenant in the British army at the age of thirteen years, and was allowed to proceed with his studies at Windsor, Nova Scotia, while his father's regiment was stationed at Halifax, N.S. He left the army and graduated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1809, was a D. C. L. of Windsor College, N.S., and for three years professor of Ob- stetrics in the University of New York. When the war of 1812 was declared against Great Britain, he was required to take the oath of allegiance or leave the country. He chose the latter course, foimd his way to Port- land, Maine, left that city in an open boat, and arrived in the city of St. John. N.B., in the month of May. 1813. From that city he went to Halifax. N.S., and there married Frances Catherine Robertson, daughter of C(Hiuuissary Robertson, who was killed in the Colonial war which commenced in 1775. Her grandfather was Ccjlouel John Billop, who owned a large part of Staten Lsland. near New York, and being ;i Loyalist, liis projjerty was confiscated. He died in the city of St. John. Dr. Robert Bayard practised his profession in Kentv^ille. N.S., for several years, and in 1824 removed to St. John, N.B.. where he died in June, 1868 at the advanced age of eighty-one years. He st(K>d at the head of his profession, and was a Huent si)eaker and an able writer. His son. Dr. W. Bayard, when twelve years of age, was sent to a {X)])ular educational institution, conducted by the Rev. William PoweU, at Fordham. near New York city, where he remained five years. He then entered as a private student with Dr. Valen- tine Mott, the eminent .surgeon of New York, at the same time attending the medical lec- tures at the College. AVhile in Dr. Mott's office he took high honours for proficiency in anatomy. The next year he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, from which institution he received the degree of doctor in medicine in 1837. He then walked the hospitals in Paris, and %-isited many in Germany, and on returning to St. John, jiractised in company with his father. He has since that time frequently visited the hospitals in England. France and Germany. •• His rejDutation for skill has," says a writer who has noted this gentleman's career " al- most from the start, stood high, and of his profession he has made a brilliant success. He has been greatly honoured, alike by the medical fraternity and his fellow citizens generally, and it is safe to say, that no man in his profession, in the Province, is held in higher esteem. There is not a city or large town in the Pro'vince of New Brunsv^'iek. Nova Scotia or Prince Edward Island, to which he has not been called iijdou profes- sional business." It may be said that the general jjublic hospital in the city of St. John owes its existence to the energy and perseverance of Dr. Bayartl. Prior to 1858 he Ijrought the subject prominently before the authorities, but no action was taken. He then endeavoured to obtain money to biiild one by subscription, but finding that many of the most wealthy men in the city refused to suljscribe. he abandoned the idea, and employed and paid a lawyer to draft an Act to assess the community for the purpose. This bill he placed l^efore the Legislature of the Pro\"ince. and with the assistance of Sir Leonard Tilley. Judge the Hem. John H. Gray and other memljers of the House, got the l)ill passed granting power to raise the funds reqiiired for the building, and the support of it. He has been Pre.'^ident of the Board of Commissioners since its establish- ment in 1860. He is chairman of thelioard of Health for the city and county of St. John, having been appointed by the Cxovernment in 1855 to carry out the Sanitary Act passed in that year. He was elected President of the New Brunswick Medical Society for four years in succession, resigning the .situation in 1881. He was elected President of the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 25 Council of Physicians and Surgeons of New Brunswick in 1881, and resigned the situa- tion in 1885, not feeling justified in assum- ing the responsibility of carrying out the Act, the Legislature having declined to pass amendments to it required. He was appoint- ed Coroner for the city and county of St. John in 1839, resigning the situation in 1867. During his tenure of office, there was but one coroner, now there are six with very small increase of population. The above situations were unsolicited. Dr. Bay- ard was at one time the New Brunswick editor of the Montreal Medical and Surgi- cal Jotirnal, in which many interesting articles from his pen may be found. The arduous duties of his profession compelled him to give up the work. " He is regarded as a high authority on any branch of medi- cal science which he sees fit to discuss." His address to the Medical Society upon the " use and abuse of alcoholic drinks," and his lecture at the Mechanics' Institute in St. John upon the " Progress of Medicine, Sur- gery and Hygiene during the last one hun- dred years," has received high commenda- tion. His politics are liberal-conservative. He is a member of Trinity Episcopal church, and an exemplary man in all the walks of life. The wife of Dr. Bayard was Susan Maria Wilson, daughter of John Wilson, Esq., of Chamcook, near St. Andrew's, in his day a large sliip owner and merchant, and one of the most enterprising men in the county. It may be said that the St. An- drew's and Woodstock railway owes its origin to his energy. It was from him that Dr. Bayard received the first telegram ever sent to St. John, as follows: — " To Dr. W. Bayard, April 30th, 1851. Being the first subscriber to the Electric Telegraph Com- pany, I am honoured by the first communi- cation to your city, announcing this great and wonderful work God has made known to man, by giving him control of his light- ning. Signed. John Wilson." Dr. Bayard was married in the year 1844, and his wife died in the year 1876, leaving no children. She was a woman of ability and fine social qualities, always happiest when she had a house full of friends, and was a splendid entertainer. She had wonderful energy as shown in attending to the details of domestic life, in looking after the poor and unfortun- ate, and in visiting the Home for Aged Women, the Protestant Orphan Asylum, etc., etc. She was truly an angel of mercy. and her death was nothing short of a cala- mity to the city. Dr. Bayard has not again married. Stevens, Rev. Lorenzo Gorliani, A.M., B.D., Portland, St. John, was born in Bedford, Mass., U.S.A., on 26th December, 1846, and is the eldest son of Lorenzo Dow Stevens and Mary Gorham Parsons Stevens. His grandparents on his father's side were Abel Stevens, Avhose nephew, Abel Stevens, D.D., LL.D., is one of the leading divines of the Methodist Episcopal church in the United States ; and Hadassa Mills, whose brother, Luther Mills, was a distinguished graduate of Harvard University, in the class of 1792. His father's cousin, Edward Le^\"is Stevens, a graduate of Harvard, of the class of 1863, and afterwards first lieutenant in the 44th Mass. Volunteer Militia, was killed at Boykin's Mills, near Camden, S.C, April 18th, 1865. His grandfather on his mother's side was Wilhelm Edlund, ship owner and merchant, born in Stockholm, Sweden. The brother of this gentleman was private secre- tary to Gustavus III. His grandfather left no male issue, and the name, so far as can be learned, is now extinct in America. His grandmother, on his mother's side, was Abi- gail Hodges, daughter of Abigail Davis, who was cousin of Chief Justice Parsons, of Massachusetts, and whose brother, Aaron Davis, served at the battle of Bunker Hill, under Gen. Warren, and received a musket ball in his thigh at the time. His mother's grandfather, Joseph Davis, after the early death of his wife Abigail, married Christina Greene, niece of Gen. Greene, one of the Division Commanders under Gen. Washing- ton. After leaving the Francis St. grammar school, Boston, Lorenzo Gorham Stevens entered the (Roxbury) Latin School, pro- fessor Buck, principal, where he remained five years, graduating July, 1865. He then entered Harvard University, and remained four years, graduating in the class of 1869. His favourite studies in the college were the languages, history and mental and moral philosophy. The year following his gradua- tion he was principal of the English dejDart- ment of the German-American School, in Morrisania, New York. In September, 1870. he entered the Episcopal Theological Semi- nary, Cambridge, Mass., and remained one year. The years 1872 and 1873 he spent in foreign travel, at the same time jjrosecu- ting his theological studies. While in Berlin he attended at the University the lectures 26 A CYCLOPEDIA OF of the celebrated Dr. Dorner. Mr. Stevens travelled as far east as St. Petersburg, and as far north as Upsala, Sweden. After a most enjoyaljle tour in which sight-seeing and study were about equally combined, he returned to the Cambridge Seminary, and graduated June, 1874. His diaconate he spent in M.'issachusetts, preaching m several places. In September, 1875, he became rector of Trinity Church, St. Stephen, N.B., and in January of the following year, was admitted to the order of priesthood in the cathedral, Fredericton, by Bishop Metlley, now metrojiohtan. He served as rector of Trinity church three years. On November, 1878, he entered upon the rectorship of St. Luke's church, Portland, St. John, a posi- tion he still holds. Rev. Mr. Stevens was chaplain of the Sussex Lodge, F. and A. M. (St. Stephen), and has acted as chaplain for other lodges at various times. On August, 30, 1881 he was married to Susan Lynds, only sur%'iving child of Dr. John Waddell, superintendent for twenty-seven years of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John. (A sketch of his life -mil be found elsewhere in this book.) Of this marriage two children have been born, Henry Wad- dell. March 24, 1883, and Edlund Archi- bald, August 23. 1885. Kiotz, Otto, Preston, Ontario, is a native of Germany, having been born in the city of Kiel, on the shores of the Baltic sea, on the 25th of Novem>)er, 1817. His father, Jacob Klotz, was the junior of the firm of Klotz (fe Son of that place. After the death of the senior member, thefinn was continued for many years, first by Jacob Klotz, and subsequently by his younger brother. Chris- tian Klotz, their business Ijeing chiefiy the purchase of grain and shij)ping it to Eng- land. Otto Klotz received Lus ])rimary edu- cation at a jniVjlic school in his native place, but was su})sequently educated in Luebeck; after ha\-ing passed his final examinaticm creditably, he was ccmfirmed in conformity with the rites of the Lutheran Church at Kiel, and thereupcm apprenticed to a wine mer- chant in Lue])eck. where, in additi(m to his mother-tongue, he had ani])lo opportunity of making use of French an, he returned home. In the spring of 1837, his uncle, Chri.stian Klotz. under the old firm of Klotz it Son. .sent (m speciilaticm a cargo of wheat to America (the crops ha\-ing failed in 1836), and young Otto Klotz was per- mitted to make a trip to the new world in his uncle's brig, laden with wheat. The requisite arrangements for that voyage were soon made, and since neither himself nor his relations and friends considered the depar- ture as being of long duration, but rather a pleasure trip, the farewell at the wharf was neither gloomy nor sombre, although his father had advised him to inquire for a gotxl situation, and if found to stay for a few years, and then return with a good store of general knowledge, as many young men of the town had done before him. On the 27th of March. 1837, the anchor was weighed, the sails set. and the Friedericke, heavily laden with wheat, sailed out of Kiel harbour with young Klotz on board. The voyage was completed in seventy-nine long days, and on the 14th of June, anchor was cast in the East River, at New York. On arrival it was foTind that the wheat was heated, and the market overstocked, hence the speculation was a failure. Otto Klotz found to his regret that owing to great depression in business and the numerous failures, he could not procure a situation in New York. He visited Newark, New Jersey, and there met a German farmer from Canada, who proposed to him the taking up of \y\\d land and going into fanning. The novelty of this proposal appeared to have some charm and was really entered ui:)on. Writing to his father informing him of his resolution, he handed the letter to the captain of his uncle's brig, bade him farewell, and left for Canada. Arrived in the town.ship of McKillop, in the Huron Tract, he endeav- oured to learn what was reqiiired in order tf) become a successful farmer, and soon ascertained that for a young man standing alone without relations or friends and ■svith- out any knowledge of farming, it would be unwise to take up land and " roughing it in the bush;" however he stayed about two months, during which time he acquired considerable proficiency in the use of the axe, helping to chop and put up log hou.ses in the neighbourhood. He left McKillo]> in Octol)er, 1837. and went to Preston, which place was then all alive with new settlers from Germany. He engaged for some time as clerk in a store, and thinking he saw a good opportunity, he started in bu.siness on his own account in February. 1838, using liis father's letter of credit in the purchase of his first stock of goods. In CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 27 1839, he married the daughter of a farmer of the township of Wihnot. This marriage proved to be a happy one, his good wife being an excellent helpmate, a good house- wife, a dutiful mother and an exemplary spouse. Shortly after young Klotz had settled in Preston, he became acquainted with an old English gentleman, William ScolUck, who was a surveyor, conveyancer and a commissioner of the Court of Request, and who took a particular fancy to him and his penmanship. He advised him to learn conveyancing, and promised to instruct him therein. This kind offer was readily accept- ed; the pupil employed his spare moments in studying to perfect himself, became an apt scholar, and after the death of old Mr. Scollick, ]:)ecame his siiccessor as convey- ancer, a business which proved no mean help for improving his pecviniary circum- stances. Mr. Klotz was made a naturalized British subject in 1844:, was appointed a notary public in 1846, a commissioner for taking affidavits in 1848, a clerk of the Division Court in 1848, and a justice of the peace in 1853. For a long term of years, he was director of the County Agricultural Society, and once its president. Of the Preston Mechanics' Institute and Horticul- tural Society he has been president from the establishment of the same. Of the Executive Committee of the Association of Mechanics' Institiites for Ontario, he was a member for twelve years, during six of which its \ice-president and for two years its president, and by virtue of these offices a member of the Agricultural Council of Ontario. But the office which he has occupied longest and in which he has worked Avith greater energy than in any other, is that of School Trustee. When in 1841. the Public Schools Act became law, he was elected one of the School Commis- sioners in the township (the title was sub- sequently changed to School Trustee); at the expiration of his term he was re-elected, and has been so re-elected ever since. A good stone school building "with a teacher as good as in those days could be obtained was the result of his early work in the cause of educaticm. He next succeeded in getting permission from the District Council to have all property in the Presten school section taxed for a free school, and that school has been free ever since, although in former years it was optional -with the rate-payers whether their school sho^^ld be free or supported by a rate bill per pupil attend ing school. After Preston became incor- porated, he was appointed local superinten- dent of schools, and in that capacity he was seventeen years a member of the County Board of Examiners of Teachers. The scarcity of good teachers was often severely felt, while at present they are plentiful, and Mr. Klotz obtained permission for German teachers to be examined in German, and he had charge of preparing the qiiestions for such examinaticms. At the instance of several teachers, he prepared and pubhshed a German grammar for use of German pupils and others studying German. In 1853, he agitated a public examination of all the schools in the county ; in this move he was ably assisted by the late Dr. Scott, who was then the warden of the county. The county council granted SI 00 for the purchase of prizes to be distributed among the success- ful competitors, and appointed Mr. Klotz to make the re(|uisite arrangements, which were successfully carried out. In 1865, Mr. Klotz, assisted by two of the teachers of the Preston school, prepared an expose of "The Irish National Readers," which at that time were the authorized readers for the common schools. In that expose the writer criticised the spelling, grammatical constniction, his- torical blunders, unsuitable words and ex- pressions for children, unfitness of the books for Canadian schools, and the entire absence therein of any article which might tend to cultivate in the minds of the pupils a patri- otic feeling. A lengthy and animated cor- respondence between the chief superinten- dent, the Rev. Dr. Ryerson, and Mr. Klotz was the result ; but notwithstanding the same, Mr. Klotz had the gratificaticm of seeing " The Irish National Readers" su- perseded by a Canadian series of Readers. As president of the Mechanics' Institute. Mr. Klotz has been indefatigable in providing for the inhabitants of Preston and neigh- bourhood a large library of well selected books, numbering in 1886 4,000 volumes, of which 2,800 are English, and 1,200 Ger- man. In politics Mr. Klotz conuneneed as early as 1838, then hardly a year in Canada, to take an active part, having been recpiired to shoulder a gun and to stand guard at the Grand River bridge, u])on a report that a band of rebels under lead of one Duncan, was coming from London to invade Water- loo, which, however, afterwards proved a false report. He concluded that if, though 28 A CYCLOP^LIA OF yet an alieu, he was required to risk his hfe ill defence of Canada, he would ehiim it as a right to speak and vote ujjou ])olitical ques- tions. Shortly after the Earl of Durham's Report had l)een ])ublished. mass meetings were held in several ])arts of Upi^er Canada to discuss the same; and Mr. Klotz was one of thirty-six men, mostly old settlers of Waterloo county, who by hand-bills called a public meeting to be held at Preston, on the 10th day of August, "to take into con- sideration the de])loral)le state of the i^ro- vince of Ujjper Canada, and t(j express their opinion thereon, in concurrence \rit\i the great county meeting lately held at Dundas, upon the glorious report of the Earl of Durham." One of those handbills is still ])reserved by Mr. Klotz as a relic of his younger days. The first parliamentary elec- tion which came on was held at Guelph, and Mr. Klotz went there to vote. A scru- tineer, the late Colonel Hodgins. asked him : " How long are you in this country, sir ? " The answer was given ^vith firmness : " Not quite ten years, sir:" the responsewas: "Oh, that ^vill do ; for whom do you vote ? " "for Mr. James Durand, sir,"' said Mr. Klotz and left the polling place. Mr. Durand was afterwards declared elected. After respon- sible government had been granted to the people of Canada, and the political party which ado2)ted the name "Conservatives"' had been formed, Mr. Klotz joined that party, and he has ever since supported it \nth all his energy. He held for a number of years the (jffice of secretary of that party ui his electoral division, and in later vears that of president of the same. For the celebration of the Peace Jubilee, held at the county town, Berlin, shortlv after the Franco-German war. he was elected presi- tlent of the German societies, and as such he delivered on May 2nd. 1H71. in front of the CoTirt House, to an audience f)f several thousaud.s. the Peace Jubilee address : and subsequently at the t.nvn of Waterloo, on the occasi(m of the first " German Saenger Fest "' in Ontario, Ix'ing held there, he delivered to an overcrowded house at the Agricultural Hall, the address in German and also in ?]nglish. The old Alien Act retjuiring a residence of seven vears ])efore a foreigner could become a natu'ralized .sub- ject, was felt l)y many (iermans to ])e tf)o long a period of ])robatioii. es])eciallv since it only reipiired five yeans' residence" in the L niled States to become a citizen there. Accordingly Mr. Klotz agitated the matter through the medium of the public press, and by letters to members of Parliament and to the government. In this he was al)ly assisted by other Germans, and their united efforts were crowned with success, the seven years being first reduced to five, and later to three years' residence. An attempt was made by him to induce the British government to extend the privileges of a j^erson naturalized in Canada, over the whole British empire ; but in this attemjrt he failed, although his arguments upon that subject had been kindly forwarded to the British government, by His Excellency the Governor-General. It appeared that the reasons for refusal were not on account of Canada, but of such of the numerotis British possessions which still number among its inhabitants a large body of semi- ci\'ilized peoples, through whom serious difficulties might arise, if such colonies were also to apply and obtain the like privileges which were asked for Canada. Among the Masonic fraternity, the name of Otto Klotz has become a household word. He became a member of the same in 1846. and has ever since been an active and energetic worker of the Mystic tie. He is an old member of the Grand Lodge and served "without interruption as a member of the Board of General Purposes since 1864:. He made the subject of Benevolence his special study, and the present system of distributing aid. and of regulating grants is his work : in acknowledgment of which, the Grand Lodge presented him in 1873 "nith a handsome testimonial. He continued his noble work with unabated energy, adding from time to time improvements suggested by experience, and in 1885, after twenty-one consecutive years as chairman of the Com- mittee on Benevolence, the Grand Lodge conferred upon him the highest honour. V)y unanimously electing him a Past Grand Master, and voting for the purchase of ii handsome and costly Grand Master's regalia, which, with an elaborate address beautifully engraved, were presented to him at a later day at his mother lodge, the old Barton. No. 6, in the city of Hamilton, in presence of one of the largest gatherings of the fraternity ever assembled there. liesides this great honour conferred u])on him, and the many fraternal greetings and tributes paid him on that occasion ])y the brethren as.sembled, he had the additional CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 29 pleasure of the presence of three of his sons, two of whom as Past Masters of Preston lodge, and the youngest as Master of the Lodge of Strict Observance, in Hamilton ; and the gratification of a most cordial and fraternal reception of them by the brethren assembled, as worthy sons of a worthy father. The family of Mr. Klotz and his gt)od wife consists of four sons and two daughters, of whom three sons and one daughter are married and have families, while the eldest son and youngest daughter have remained single. They are all living in comfortable circumstances, highly respected by all who know them, and tlie just pride of their aged parents. A family gathering which occurs once a year is always accomjianied by those genuine pleasures which are in store for a happy family in which strife and bickerings are unknown quantities. At one of these gatherings the unanimous wish of Mr. Klotz's cliildren was expressed that he should retire from business, and spend with his good ^\^fe the remaining years of his life in rest and comfort Arrangements were made accordingly, and in 1881, he retired from business, since which time he has been lining on his income, with his wife and unmarried daughter in a conunodious dwelling, enjoying that repose and comfort which is the just reward of honest industry. Waddell, John, M.D. The late Dr. AVaddell, of St. John, New Bruns^\•ick, was the son of the Rev. John Waddell, a native of Shotts, Scotland. The latter was educat- ed at Glasgow, and came to Nova Scotia in 1797, and became pastor of the Presbyterian church of Truro. He was married in 1802 to a daughter of Jotham Blanchard (a loyalist from Massachusetts, and a colonel in one of the loyalist regiments). The Rev. Mr. Waddell officiated on the occasion of the opening of the old St. Andrew's Kirk, in St. John, N.B. (destroyed by the great fire), having delivered the first sermon in the church in which his son, the subject of this sketch, fifty years afterwards became a prominent and infiuential elder. Ur. Wad- dell was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, on the 17th of March, 1810. When quite a boy, his mother died. After attending the Grammar school at Truro, kept hy Mr. James Irving, he entered the Pictou Acad- emy, under the presidency of Dr. McCuUoch (the able Biblical controversialist, whose discussions -ndth Bishop Burke, of Halifax, made his name famous throughout Nova Scotia). After leaving the academy, he went into mercantile business in his native town, and so continiied until the autumn of 1833, when he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Lynds. He next pro- ceeded to Glasgow, Scotland, where he piir- sued his studies with untiring assiduity, and received his diploma, October 18th,' 1839. from the Royal College of Surgeons, Lon- don. He then went to Paris, and continued there two years, attending the medical lec- tures given by some of the most scientific men of the French capital. On his return to Nova Scotia, in 1840, he commenced the practice of medicine in Truro. The same year he married Susan, the only daughter of his first medical teacher. Dr. Lynds. The following year she died. Five "years afterwards he married Jane Walker Blan- chard, daughter of Edward Blanchard, of Truro. In 1849, Dr. Waddell was appointed by His Excellency, Sir Edmund Head, to the situation of medical superintendent of the New Brunswick Lunatic Asylum, a ])osition whose arduous and multifarious duties he discharged mth signal success, until his retirement in the spring of 1876. a periotl of twenty-seven years. When he took charge of the asylum, at the age of thirty-nine, he was the very personification of \igorous health. He was tall and finelv proportioned. Humanly speaking there was in him the promise of the attainment of a life of four score years and more. He sprang from a long-lived race. His step was elastic and his form erect ; liis mind was buoyant and full of love for the work he had but just undertaken. By his kind and gentlemanly manner, he was singularly capable of dealing with those unfortunates who required so much of paternal care and solicitude. And yet, with this urbanity and goodness, there was finimess of character, so much required by the rules of discipline, which never failed to exact obedience, biit it was the obedience of a child to a parent. When Dr. Waddell assumed the duties of his office, there were but eighty patients in the establishment, which nximber gradually increased until the figures reached, at the time of his retirement, three hundred, besides about fifty domestics. With every successive year, from 1849, there was a steady increase of work — work of the most sorrowful description — and with it a corresponding amount of care, anxiety and responsibility. And yet. Dr. Waddell worked on, day after day, in the same unwearied 30 A CYCLOPEDIA OF round for twenty-seven years, devoting the Hower of liis days, bis vigour, his manhood to a tiisk which led ultimately to the destruc- tion of a once powerful constitution. At the earnest request of his family — whose mem- bers had always been closely knit and com- ])acted together by the most tender cords of affection — he retired from the asylum in the spring of 1876, under the expectation that with rest and freedom from care and anxiety, he would be enal)led to take a new lease of life. But instead of that repose f(jr which retirement was sought, it was found that a change from an active to a passive life was more than his shattered constitution could withstand. The day he laid do^^^l his staff and turned his back upon the asylum he loved so well and served so faithfully, that day Dr. Waddell's work upon earth was ended. Bowed do■^\^l viith the infirnuties of a ])remature old age. he lingered till August 29th. 1878, when he passed away at the age of sixty-eight. Proba])ly no man in the pro\ince of New Brunswick was better or more generally known than Dr. Waddell, and there are few whose name and works ^vill l)e held in more grateful remembrance 1)y its inhabitants. His only .sur^-iving child, Susan Lynds (by his second marriage), was married August 30th, 1881. to the Rev. Lcjrenzo Gorham Stevens, rector of St. Luke's Church. Portland. St. Jolm. N.B.. a sketch of whose life Avill ])e found elsewhere. MacVicar, Rev. ]TIalcolm, Ph. D., LL.I).. Professor of Apologetics and Chris- tian Ethics. McMaster Hall (Baptist College), Toronto, was born on the 3()th Septeml)er. 1829. in Argyleshire. Scotland. His father. .T(jhn MacYicar. was a farmer in Dunglass. near Camp])eltown, Kintyre. Sct)tland. and was known as a man of great physical and intellectual vigour, and was well knoMTi in his native Scotland and the land of his adoption. Canada, for his fibility. generosity and sterling integrity. His A\-ife. Janet MacTavish, jjossessed a similar character, and reached the age of ninety-two years before she died, having .seen her children's children in ])ositions of usefulness and iu- Hucnce. Malcolm, tlie su])ject of this sketch, was one of twelve children, and came with his parents to (\'inada in 1835. and .settled on a farm at Chatham, Ontario. His earlv vears were sjx'ut at first on a farm, then at Cleve- land. ()hi(). where he leariied the trade of ship carpenter. Being am])itious and anxious to get on. he decided t( > secure an educat ion. and along with his brother Donald, now Princi- pal of the Presbyterian College in Montreal, went to Toronto, in 1850, and entered Knox College to study for the Presbyterian Minis- try, where he remained for two years. In the meantime his views of doctrines ha^-ing undergone a change, he became connected with the Baptist denomination, and turned his attention to teaching and fitting young men for the Toronto University, preacliing occasionally. He was ordained to the Bap- tist Ministry in 1856. In 1858 he went to Rochester, New York State, and entered the senior class at the University of Rochester, taking liis degree of B. A. the following summer. He immediately went to Brock- port, in the same county, where he became a member of the faculty of the Brockport Collegiate In.stitute. then under the princi- palshij:) of Dr. David Barbank. Here, with the exception of one year spent in the Cen- tral School at Buffalo, he remained until the spring of 1867 (when that institution was transformed into a Normal School ). first as subordinate, then as associate principal, and from April. 1864. sole principal of the school. He was a very .successful teacher from the first, being fidl of energy, and ambitious to dcA'ise new and improved me- thods of illustrating and impressing the truth. Nor were the class-room walls the hmit of his intellectual horizon, but he was constantly seeking some better plan of or- ganizing the educaticmal work immediately in hand, and over the whole state. He was quickly recognized by the regents of the University as one of the foremost teachers and principals in the state. In August. 1865. he, by ai:)pointment. read a paper before the convocation of that body on In- ternal Organization of Academies, which looked towards and proved the first step towards putting in })ractice regent's ex- aminations in the academies as a basis for distribution of the income of the literary fund. He was shortly afterwards appoint - eel by the chancellor, chairman of a com- mittee of princij^als of academies to consider the practical workings and resialts of the system of regent's examinations just being instituted. During these years of his con- nection Avith the Collegiate Institute, he took a lively interest in the siibject of the so-called normal training in academies, and became convinced that the titmost that could he dcme for teachers' classes under the circum- stances was too little to meet the needs of the. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 31 common schools of the state. He, therefore, with the advice and cooperation of friends of education in Brockport and Rochester, and the Hon. Victor M. Rice, then state superintendent, proposed to the State Legis- lature, in 1865-66, a bill authorizing the establishment of a Normal and Training School at Brockport, and offering to trans- fer the Institute property to the state for that purpose on very liberal terms. Sub- sequently this measure was so modified as to provide for four schools instead of one, and to leave the location of them to a board consisting of the governor, state superinten- dent and state officers and others. In this form the bill became law. It now became necessary to adopt some definite plan of organization for the new schools, and Superintendent Rice at once turned to Professor MacVicar for assistance. The professor submitted a plan, which, Avith some slight modifications, was adopted and became the basis for the organization of all the schools under the law. In con- sideration of the services rendered by Pro- fessor MacVicar and other friends of the cause, the first school was located in Brock- port, with Professor MacVicar as its princi- pal, and he immediately set to work to or- ganize this school, and opened it in the spring of 1867, having among the members of his faculty. Professor Charles McLean, William J. Milne and J. H. Hoose, now the Principals of the Normal schools of Brock- port, Genesee and Courtland. The first year of Normal school work, carried on as it was in connection with planning and supervising the erection of the new btxild- ings, proved a very trying one to Principal MacVicar, and his health giving way under the pressiire, he resolved to offer his resig- nation at the end of the school year of 1867-8. This he accordingly did, but the state superintendent, preferring not to lose him from the state, granted him a year's leave of absence, instead of accepting his resignation. He then took a trip west, during the summer of 1868, and was invited to become superintendent of the schools of the city of Leavenworth ; after some con- sideration, he accepted this position, and remained there until the following April, in the meantime reorganizing the schools from bottom to top, a work that had been neglected hitherto. His western trip having restored him to perfect health, he returned to New York state, but thought it best not to again take up his work at Brockport. A Normal School having been located in Potsdam, St. Lawrence county, and about ready to open, he was invited to become its principal, and accepted the office. He at once gathered around him a corps of teach- ers, and opened his second Normal school, three weeks after he left Leavenworth. The regents of the University welcomed him back to the state, and expressed their estimation of his ability by conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the summer of 1869, and his alma mater added an LL.D. the following year. The schooi at Potsdam was no sooner organized than he gave himself anew to the study of methods of instriictioii and the philosophy of education, for which he possessed a peculiar aptitude. Being encouraged by the other principals to work out his ideas into permanent shape for the general good, he became the author of several books on arithmetic; he also became the author and inventor of various important devices to- illustrate, objectively, principles of arith- metic, geography and astronomy. Mean- while there arose a degree of friction be- tween the academies and Normal schools of the state, which made itself felt in the legislative session of 1876, in a threat to cut off' the appropriations from the Normal schools, unless the academies were treated more liberally. At the next meeting of the Normal school principals, the matter was- discussed, and the cause of the difficulty was found to be the double-headed man- agement of their educational system. It was agreed that the remedy for the existing difficulties was found in uniting the man- agement of all the schools of the state under one head. Dr. MacVicar and Dr. Sheldon, of the Oswego Normal school, were appoint- ed to urge this view on the State Legislature at its next session. They conferred with a deputation of academy principals, and won their approval of the plan jsrepared. It was then embodied in a bill, and brought before the legislature in 1877. Although much time was spent in bringing the matter be- fore the committees of the assembly and the senate, and many of the prominent men of both hoiases, who generally approved of the measure, yet the private interests of aspirants to the office of state superinten- dents conflicted with it, and it was thrown out when it came up for a hearing. In the autumn of 1880, Dr. MacVicar was invited. 32 A CYCLOPEDIA OF to take the principalship of the Michigan State Normal school at YpsiL'inti, and finding it the only school of the kind in that state, and there l)eing no diversity of interest in the ediicatifjnal management of the state, it seemed to offer an opportunity for something like ideal Normal school work, so he accepted the position. He remained there, however, but one year, when. ])eing thoroughly worn out Avith hard work, and being urgently pressed to join the faculty of tlie Toronto Baptist College, just then opened, he resigned his position in Michigan and came to Canada. Dr. MacVicar excels as a mathematician and metaphysician, haAing read extensively in l)oth directions, as well as in the natiiral sciences. He has also made the relation of science and religion a special study, and is now investigating the wide field of Christian Apologetics. As a writer and in the class- room, he is characterized by the utm(j.st clearness and force, and his career as an eelucator has been eminently successful. It has fallen to liis lot to perform a vast amount of hard work in all of which he has shown a spirit of self-sacrifice in a remark- able degree, through which he has l^een the means of advancing many others to posi- tions of high trust and usefulness. His in- vestigations in the .science of education are critical and original, being based ujoon ex- tens-ive ol)servation and a large induction of facts. Ha\"ing for twenty-five years taught a wide range of subjects, and ])eing naturallv pos.sessed of strong and well trained logical ])<)wers. he is well qualified to analyze the human mind and all that is concerned in its proper education and harmonious de- velopment. To this work he now devotes such time as can be spared from strictlv profes.sional duties. As a theologian his \-iews are definite and comprehensive, thor- oughly evangelical and uncompromisinglv opposed to the materialistic pantheism, and ])hilosophical and scientific scepticism of the j^re.sent day. On the l.st of Januarv. ISO."). 1)r. MacVicar was married to Isabella McKay, of Cliatham. and has a familv consi.sting of three .sons and one daughter. Heavysese, ClmrlcK, the gifted au- thor of '• Saul.'" was born in Liverpool. Eng- land. May 2nd. 1816. On his arrival ni Canada in 1853. he took up his residence in Montreal, where for a time he worked as a machini.st, earning ])y hard labour a modest subsistence for himself and his family. Afterwards he became a local re- jiorter on the staff of the Montreal Daily Witness; but, as has been the case with many another son of genius, his life was one long struggle with poverty. Through all his earlier years of toil and harassing cares, he devoted himself to study and poetical composition, bl^t published nothing till he was nearly forty years of age. A poem in blank verse saw the light in 1854. This production, crude, no doubt, and im- mature, met with a chilling reception, even from his friends. Some time afterwards appeared a collection of fifty sonnets, many of them vigorous and even lofty in tone, but almost all of them defective in execution. OAnng to the author's want of early cul- ture. •• Saul."' his greatest work, was pub- lished in 1857, and fortunately fell into the hands of Hawthorne, then a resident of Liverpool, who had it favourably noticed in the Xoii]i BritisJi Revieic. Longfellow and Emerson, too. spoke highly of its ex- cellence, the former pronouncing it to be ■• the ])est tragedy written since the days of Shakespeare.'' Canadians then discovered that Heavysege was a genius, and made partial atonement for their neglect ; but even to the end the poet's struggle Tvith fortune was a bitter one. In 1857, he pub- lished "Saul : x\ scriptural tragedy.'' •• Count Flippo or. The Unequal Marriage : " a drama in five acts f 1860 ). This production is inferior to •• Saul." not only because it does not possess the epic sublimity of the sacred drama, but because in it there is too much straining after effect, the characterization is defective, and the criticism of life displayed is not of the highest quality. *• Jephthah's Daughter." f 1865 |: a drama which follows closely the scriptural narrative, and, so far as concerns artistic execution, is superior to •• Saul." The lines fiow with greater smooth- ness ; there are fewer commonplace expres- sions, and the author has gained a firmer mastery over the rhetorical aids of figures of speech. His mind, however, .shows no increase in strength, and we miss the rugged grandeur and terrible delineati(jns of his earliest drama. •• The Advocate: " a novel (1865). Besides these works. Heavysege produced many shorter pieces, one of the finest of which, •• The Dark Huntsman," was sent to the Canadian Monthly just before his death. To Art Heavysege. so his critics say, owed little. Even his most elaborate productions are defaced by unmusical lines. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 33 prosaic phrases and sentences, and faults of taste and judgment. But he owed much to Nature ; for he was endowed with real and fervid, though unequal and irregular, genius. To the circumstances of his life, as much as to the character of his mind, may be attri- buted the pathetic sadness that pervades his works. Occasionally, it is true, there is a faint gleam of humour ; but it is grim humour, which never gloAvs vnth. geniality or concentrates into wit. Irony and quaint sar- casm, too, display themselves in some of the Spirit scenes in " Saul." But for sublimity of conception and power of evoking images of horror and dread, Heavysege was unsur- passed except by the masters of our litera- ture. He possessed also, an intimate know- ledge of the workings of the human heart : his delineations of character were powerful and distinct ; ami his pictures of inqiassion- ed emotion are wonderful in their ejjic grandeur. Every page of his dramas be- trays an ardent study of the Bible, Milton, and Shakespeare, both in the reproduction of images and thoughts, and in the prevail- ing accent of his style. But he had an originality of his own ; for many of his sentences are remarkable for their genuine power, and keen and concentratetl energy. Here and there, too, we meet with exquisite pieces of description, and some of the lyrics in " Saul " are full of rich fancy and nnisical cadence. Without early culture, and amid the toilsome and i;ncongenial labours of his daily life, Heavysege has established his right to a foremost place in the Canadian Temple of Fame : what might he not have done for himself and his adopted country, had he been favoured by circumstances as he was l^y Nature ! His death took place at Montreal, in August, 1876. Torrance, Rev. Robert, D. D., Guelph, Ontario, was Iwm at Markethill. county of Armagh, Ireland, on the 23rd of May. 1825, and was the youngest of seven sons. His ancestor on his father's side — M. Torrance — left Ayrshire, Scotland, dur- ing the times of the jiersecution, and set- tled in the north of Ireland, and their de- scendants have lived there, in the same locality, ever since. Robert Torrance, the subject of this sketch, went to school at an early age in his native village, and re- mained under the same tutor until he was ten years old, when he began the study of the Latin and Greek languages. In 1837, his parents removed to Glenluce, B Wigtonshire, Scotland, and here Robert entered the school in this place, and con- tinued the studies he had already begun before leaving Ireland, and began others prejiaratory to the life-work selected for him by his parents. In 1839, he was eni'olled as a student in the Royal Academical Institu- tion, Belfast, then or shortly afterwards affiliated with the London University; then he studied Greek and logic, and hdles- Jettres ; mental and moral philosophy un- der Dr. Robert Wilson ; mathematics under Prof. Young ; natural philosophy, includ- ing astronomy and optics, and Hebrew under Professor Harte, assistant to Dr. Hincks, who was then an old man. ;md con- lined his attention to the senior class. This Dr. Hincks. was the father of the celebrated Oriental scholar. Dr. Hincks, and of the late Sir Francis Hincks, whose name is well kno"wn in Canada. After the completion of his art course and passing the usual examin- ation 1)y the Presbytery in whose bounds he resided, he entered on the study of di\dnity, in the halls of the United Secessicm Clmrch in Scotland. His first session was spent in Glasgow, and the subsequent ones in Edin- ])urgh. His course was completed in 1845, with the excej^tion of one session, and, as tliere was great Avant at that time for mis- sionaries to go oTit to Canada, he offered his services, and was accepted, it being agreed, under the circumstances, to exempt him from attending the last or fifth session on his furnishing testimonials as to fitness for the field and work. These having been pro- duced to the satisfaction of the Committee on Foreign Missions, of wliich Dr. John Melverrow was convener, the Presbytery of Kinross was instructed to take him on trials for license, with a view to his proceeding to Canada. According to appointment, these trials were delivered in the church at Inver- keithing, a village in Fifeshire, about foui- miles south from Dunfermline. HaA-ing passed the Presl)ytery and been licensed, he preached two Sabbath days in Scotland, one for Rev. Dr. MacKelvie, in Balgedie. in whose family he had been tutor for three seasons ; and the other for Rev. Mr. Pullei'. in Glenluce, where he had s])ent his boyhood. He then at once left for Liverpool, taking his parents with him, and from that port sailed, in a few days, for New York, which was reached safely after a voyage of four weeks. Without delay, he proceeded to To- ronto, and there occupied the puljnt of Rev. 34 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Mr. Jennings for a few Sa])l)atli.s. Mr. Jeu- uinj^s being at the time in Scotland recruit- ing bis liealth. Mr. Torrance sjjent one year as a })robationer.travelling through the west- ern section of Canada, from Toronto to (Todericli and Detroit, as lie had deter- mined not to settle derail in a charge till he had gone over a good jiart of the mission field, and given as much snjJiJy as in his ])o\ver. Travelling in those days was far from ])ossessing the conveniences and com- forts now enjoyed. There were no railways; in several of the districts there were no .stage coaches. The probationer was thus under the necessity of purchasing a horse, and making his journeys on horseback. In 'win- ter he was exposed at times to intense cold, and in summer to prostrating heat. He had to clothe himself for siich changes of tem- perature. Roads were sometimes obstructed with snow, and he had to wait till parties turned out and made them passaljle. or opened up a way through adjoining fields ; in spring and fall there was deep mud and often the horse had difficulty in getting through, and some of the stations were diffi- cult of access from other causes, such as their recent formation. Accommodation when he reached his de.stination. was not always such as he had been accustomed to in the fatherland. But the people were uniformly kind and courteous ; they gave the best they had ungrudgingly, often '«-ishing it were better : and extended a cordial welcome. Many an event then befell him which inter- ested him at the time and still lingers in his recollectiim. After receiving and declining calls from three or four congregations, he accepted a call from a congregation in (iuel])h. and was ordained and inducted on the 11th uebec. esi)eciallv at L"Assoini>ti(jn. from which ])lace three or four members of this family Avere, at various times, elected to the Canadian ])arliament. Urgel-Eugene hav- ing attended school at Saint-Jacques de I'Achigan and at L'Assomption, became a teacher at the age of seA^enteen years (1851), taught during six years at Saint- Ambroise de Kildare, L'Assomption. Cha- teauguay, and finally completed his oaa^i studies at the Jacques-Cartier Normal School, from which institution he received an academic diploma. In 1858. he tatight at Saint-Constant, and the folloA\ing year he became head-master of the Catholic Commercial Academy of Montreal, the prin- cipal Avork of his life, and which he still directs. This school, established in Cote street, was transferred to the Plateau in 1871 ; it has become one of the principal educational institutions of the city, and even of the proAince of Quebec. In 1873, Mr. Archambault Avas named local superinten- dent of all the schools controlled by the Catholic Board of School Commissioners. The interior plans of the Plateau. Belmont and Olier schools are the work of his hands. This same year, 1873, he laboured success- fully to bring about the foundation of an institution destined to form ciA"il. mining, and inditstrial engineers. This Avas the Poly- technic School of Montreal, founded by the Catholic school commissioners and the Honorable Gedeon Ouimet. superintendent of dueation for the jorovince of Quebec. Intended principally for Catholics, it Avas annexed to the Laval University in January. 1887. The university. Avhich retains Mr. Archambaiilt as jjrincijial of the Polytech- nic School, has named him titular professor of the arts faculty. Much of the success at- tending the Jacques-Cartier Normal School conAentions has been due to the active in- terest which he has taken in them. He is the author of the Teachers' Pension Fund Bill. Avhich became laAv in 1880. and Avas amended in 1886. In 1870. Mr. Archam- bault A'isited Boston. Ncav Y'ork. Philadel- phia, Baltimore, Washington. Pichmond (Virginia ), and became aclace, made a very deep impression on his mind. His father was a deacon of that church, and a very godly man, his life and infiuence being in perfect accord with the truth preached from the pulpit ; and so after a good deal of anxiety of mind antl earnest prayer to God, William was led to give his heart to the Sa^•iour, and experience in his life that •• peace which passeth all understanding." On the 16th of June, 1872, he was im- mersed in the name of the Trinity by the Rev, E. Hickson. and received into the fel- lowship of the Second Falls Ba])tist church. He at once felt a desire in his heart to do something for Him who had done so much for the world, and his first work was to or- ganize a Sunday school in ccmnection with the church of which he was then a member. He also re.solved to take uj) his long neg- lected studies and prepare himself for a life of usefulness in the world. In October, 1872, he entered the Bapti-st Collegiate School in Wolf^ille, Nova Scotia. He did not at that time have the ministry in vie\v, but not long afterward it was pressed up(m him with such weight that he could not rest day or night until he yielded to the voice of God in his soul, and began to shape his course with this in view. On 21st May, 1874. he received a license from the church of which he was a member, signed l)y (xeorge Allen, clerk, to preach the gr)spel according to the faith and j^ractice of the Baptist church. He s^sent the vacations of each year of his student life in preaching the 38 .1 CYCLOPEDIA OF word as oppoi'tnnity offered. The vaca- ] tion of 1870 be .S2)eut at Musquash, near St. John. New Brunswick, and Grod poured out i His Ht)ly S]>irit wonderfully upon the people ' and many precious souls were saved. There \ was no minister near to baptize, and he con- \ eented to be ordained, although he was but a student. His ordination took place on the -iard day of May. 1876. in the Carle- ton Baptist church. In May. 1877. he finish- ed his studies at Acadia College, and re- ceived a unanimous call to the churches at St. George and Second Falls, the latter of which he was a member. He at once en- tered upon his work, and was greatly bless- ed in his labours among his o-«-n people. On 1st July. 1878. he was married to Lillie S. Hanson, daughter of Vernon and Helen Hanson, in the city of Boston, by the Kev. Dr. Lorimer. After a pastorate of about four years in his native place, he received and accepted a call to the Baptist church in Parrsborough, Xt)va Scotia. He spent one year with this church, and then received and accepted a call to the Ba})tist church in Portland city. St. John county. N.B., and on 1st June. 1882. he entered upon his duties in the church of which he is at present { 1887 ) the ])astor. About tAvo hundred souls have been added to this church since he took up the work, and (rod is now very graciously blessing it. The church edifice has been improved at a cost of about fifteen hundred dollars, and a fine parsonage purchased since he began his ministry in it. The out- look ft ir the future is very hopeful. To God be all the praise. Eev. Mr. SteAvart has had two children, a boy and a girl. The eldest is now a bright boy of seven years. The little girl, too sweet and pure for earth, was taken at the age of four by Him Avho said. "Suffer little children to come unto me. and forbid them not. for of such is the kingdom of heaven.'" Bayly, Kic-liard, B.A.. (,).C.. Barris- ter-at-law. LoiuIdu. Ontario, was born in Dublin. Ireland, on the li.'nh of May. 1834. He is the .'^(in of Bev. Benjamin Baylv. and Cassandra Henrietta Bayly. Avho. jirevious To coming to Canada, resided in Dultlin. Mr. Bayly's ancestors liavinu; resided in or ne;ir that city for over three hundred vears. The Rev. Mr. Bayly oe(•u])ie^l the impor- tant ])osition of ]innci]ia] of the London Graiiiinar school I afterwards the London CoIIeo-iate Fnstitute I for ovei' tliii-ty-five years, until tlie 17th .biiiuarv. 1S71). "when he died, greatly respected by all A\-ho had the honoiir of his acquaintance. Richard receiA-ed his education at the London Gram- mar school, in London, and at the LTniver- sity of Toronto, where he gradiiated Avith the degree of B.A. He then studied law in the office of the Hon. John Wilson ( after- Avards Justice John Wilson ). and became a barrister and solicitor in 1857, and has suc- cessfully practised his profession in London eA'er since. He occupied a seat on the Lon- don Board of Education from 1876 to 1885 inclusive, and AA'as chairman of the board for one year, and chairman of the School Management Committee for four years. For nine years Mr. Bayly Avas a Avarden of St. Paul's Episcopal church, and for seA^eral years a delegate to the Diocesan and Pro- vincial synods. In politics, he belongs to the Liljeral-Conservative party, and for many years has taken an actiA'e interest in political issues. He was brought up in the E])iscopal fold, and has seen no reason to change his religious belief. On the 22nd June. 1864. he Avas married to Eliza, eldest daughter of the late Dr. Chas. G. Moore, of London, and the issue of this marriage has been ten children, eight of whom surAive — five boys and three girls. lHoAvatt, Rev. Andrei' Joseph, Pastor of St. Paul's (Presbyterian ) Church. Fredericton, New BrunsAA^ick, is a native- born Canatlian, haA-ing first seen the hght on the 11th of February, 1838, in the town of Woodstock, Carlet(m county, X. B. His father. Thomas MoAvatt. and mother. EKza- beth Scott Moffatt. emigrated from Great Britain to XeAv BrunsAA-ick, and settled in Woodstock in 1837, where they remained for about two years, and then moA"ed to Harvey. York county, where Andrew, the subject of our sketch, Avas brought up, and Avhose early recollections of the place is a little log hut in the forest, and a small log school-house Avliere he receiA-ed a common school education. After leaA'ing this school, he went for tAvo A\-inters to the Collegiate school in Fredericton, then in charge of Dr. George Roberts, and afterAvards he spent three terms at the Presliyterian college at Truro, NoA^a Scotia, taking the regular arts course there. He then studied theology under Rev. Dr. King, at Gerrish Theologi- cal Hall, Halifax. N. S.. and completed his studies in 1S66. On the 2ud of May of the same year, he received a license to ])reach the gospel from the Pre.sliytery of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 39 Pictou, was called to the new congregation of Sharon church, Albion Mines, now Stel- larton, and was ordained pastor on the oth of June foUomng. The Rev. Mr. Mowatt retained the charge of this church for seven years, and then left on receiving a call from St. John's church, Windsor, N. S., and was indTicted its pastor bv the Presbvtery of Halifax on the 8th of jnly, 1873. Here he laboured in the Lord's vineyard for six and a half years. He then was called to the pastorate of St. Panl's chnrch in Frederic- ton, and was inducted into this charge on the 8th of January, 1880. by the Presbytery of St. John ; and here he has laboured ever since. This church has greatly prospered under Mr. Mowatt's able ministration, and, on the 10th of January. 1886, the congrega- tion abandoned their old church edifice and moved into a fine stone building, wliich is an ornament to the town. Kev. Mr. Mowatt was brought up in the faith as taught by the Presbyterian church, and has so far seen no reason to change his opinion with regard to it. He has spent his life in his Master's service, and he has the satisfaction of know- ing that he has done something to advance His kingdom in this world, and, under God's grace, fitted many a poor soul to en- ter the Father's home of many mansions. He was married to Louisa Jane Annand, of Gay's River, Colchester countv. X.S., on the 30th of June, 1868. Her brotlier. the Rev. Joseph Annand, is a missionary oi\ the is- land of Espiritu Santo, in the New Hebrides. Rev. Mr. Mowatt has a family of nine chil- dren. ]nitcliell, Hon. Jainei.\\ he found more enduring than the bar- baric splendour of his warlike countrymen, which has long since faded away, tluis showing that it is ncjt the destroyer but the l)enefactor of his fellow-creatures who is se- cure of immortality." In 1815, when but a lad of twelve years of age, Matthew MacFar- lane, accomjjanied his father, James McFar- lane. and other members of the family, to America, and on their arrival settled at Rock- land, in Kingston. King's county, X. B. Some years afterwards, and when the family had grown up. Mr. MacFarlane, sr.. left his eldest son. Charles, on the homestead, and removed, with Matthew and his other sons and daughters, to Studholm. in the same coTinty. About the year 1827, being amongst the pioneer settlers of that part of the country. Matthew MacFarlane mar- ried Sarah Foster, whose father. Ezekiel Foster, came from New England during the American war. One of his brothers fcjught at the battle of Lexington, and died in defending what he considered his rights, liaviiig espoused the cau.se of the colonists. Foster MacFarlane. the .subject of our sketch, was the fifth child of this marriage, and first saw the light in a log cal)in. the Common al)ode of the pioneer farmers of those days. His ea/h'est education was re- ceived in the ])arisli sciiool. and was limited to the rudiments of an ordinarv Enalisli education. At the atri- of t went v. liavinir ]>ass<'d tlie re(iuired exaiiiiijalion before tlie local lioard then existinir. hi- received a li- cense to teach ill the pulilic school. After li'acliiiit.r for a time, he entered upon a cour-e of studv at tlie liaijtisl Seminarv. Frederictou. and afterwards took a special course for a time at the University of New Brunswick. After leaving the university, he jjursued a course in medicine at Harvard University, Cambridge. United States, and was privileged to sit at the feet of such men as Professor Agassiz. Jeffries Wyman. Oliver Wendell Holmes, and E. Brown-Sequard, of Paris, graduating in 1868. He first practised medicine in his native parish for two years and a half. During this time he was appointed by the government a coroner for King's county. He then removed to Fairville. St. John. N.B.. where he has ever since practised his profession. He has been a member of the Senate of the Univer- sity of New Brunswick since the spring of 1883, and a director of the Union Baptist Education Society since its incorporation. He was one of the jsromoters of the Domin- ion Safety Fund Life Association, fllling^ for a number of years the position of direc- tor, and is now its medical superintendent. He united about thirty years ago with the- Sons of Temperance, and has since belong- ed to other temjjerance organizations, being now a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars. He was Ijrought tip in connection with the Methodists, but in the year 1858 his views underwent a change, and he united with the Baptists, and is at present a member of the Fairville Bajitist church. On July 20. 1868. he was married to Eliza])eth A. Balibitt. daughter of Samuel Perry and Phoebe Babbitt, of St. John, N.B. He has five children — one son and four daughters. Bums, Rev. Robert Ferrier, D.D.,. Pastor of the Fort Massey Pre.sV)yterian church. Halifax, Nova Scotia. This popu- lar minister was born in Paisley, Scotland, on the 23rd of December. 1826. His father was Robert Burns. D.D.. and his mother. Janet Orr, daughter of the first provost of Paisley. His mother's sister. Susan, was mother of Sir Archibald Orr Ewing. l)aronet. M.P. for Dum1)artou. His father had three brothers in the ministry (^f the Church .)f Scotland. — namely. Rev. .James Burns, who for fortv vearswas minister of the parish of Brechin :' Rev. William H. Burns. D. D.. Kilsyth ; and Rev. George Burns. D. D.. iirst Pres])yterian minister of St. John. New lirunswick. afterwards of Tweedmuir and Corstorphir. Sc was idcntitied more ])articularlv with llie Cliiircli of I'higland. !)ut at the aire of about twenty years 1h^ b(M'anie a memlxM- of tlie ^letliodist clnirch. of which iK'isa consistent and earnest m(Mnl)er. Prior ■o :he great tire of LSTT. ^Nlr. Bullock was a :rnstee of tlieold Oenuan Stnn^t Metliodist Church. tJH^ oldest cliurch in t Ije citv. and a'ter its d(\strnctioii bv tliat tire, was chair- man of the building committee of the present Queen Scpiare Methodist Church, and of which he still continues a trustee. It was largely to his energy and liberality that the erection of this church was due. He is also a member of the cpiarterly board of his church, and is one of the board of directors of the British and Foreign Bible Society for the city of St. -John. He is a total abstainer, and has been for the most of his life, and is pro- nounced in favour of the prohibition of the liquor traffic. When Gen. Booth visited St. John, he was the guest of Mr. Bullock. Mr. Bullock has had a family of three chUd- ]'en, one of whom is deceased, and the re- maining ones, two sons, are associated with him in business. Biiiiicy, Irwiiie Wliiltj , Collector of Customs, Port of Moncton, New Brunswick, wasl)orn on the lOth of July, 1841, at Hali- fax, Nova Scotia. He is a son of the late Stephen Binney, who for manny years was a leading merchant in Halifax, and who, when the city was incorporated, was elected its first mayor. Mr. Binney, sr., acting as mayor, on the occasion of the birth of the Prince of Wales, visited England, and pre- sented an address to Her Majesty the Queen, signed by a large number of the citizens. This gentleman was grandson of the late Hon. Hibl)ert N. Binney, who for a period of nearly forty years, filled the office of collector of customs and excise at Halifax, and was also a member of the Legislative Council ; and great-grandscm of the late Hon. Jonathan Binney, one of the first res- ideiits of Halifax, who was a member of the first Legislative Assembly ( 1758 ) of the province. He and Frederick des Barras met the Indian chiefs at Arichat , New Bruns- wick, in 1761, and concluded a lasting peace, and was appointed to the Legislative Coun- cil in 1768 ; second judge at St. John's Is- land (near Prince Edwaixl Island) ; and also collector of customs for the island. I. W. Binney, the suliject of this sket(4i, is brother to William Pryor Binney, Her Brit- annic Majesty's consul at Syra, (irreece, and was educated at various schools, in- cluding the Sackville Academy, Xew Bruns- wick, receiving a connnercial education. In his younger days he found employment as a clerk in several commercial houses; and from 1861 to 1864, he was in the old estab- lished and well known lumber firm of Gil- mour, Bankin k Co., Mirainichi, New Bruns- wick. He also carried on a wholesale business CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 43 at Chatham, New Brunswick, for a few years, and afterwards engaged in mining opera- tions in Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, in company with the late Sir A. J. Smith and others. He was appointed a clerk in Her Majesty's customs in 187-i. and ^^I'oi^^oted to the collectorshiji at the port of Moncton, New Brunswick, in 1883. He joined the Freemasons in 1862 : was made a Eoyal- Arch-Mason in 1866, and Knight Templar in 1870. At present he is a past master of Keith lodge of Moncton. New Brunswick. He is an Episcopalian in his religious %dews. Mr. Binney's father moved to Moncton, New Brunswick, from Halifax, in 1845, and died there in 1872. Mr. Binney is unmar- ried, and his mother and ^vidowed sister re- side with him. Bertliciot, Hon. Joseph Ainablc, Judge of the Superior Court of Montreal. This learned judge was born on the 8th of May. 1815, at St. Eustache. county of Two Mountains, by the marriage of Joseph Am- able Berthelot, notary, and Dame Marie M. Hervieux. Mr. Berthelot" s father was from Quebec, where he finished his classical stud- ies in 1796, having been the classmate of the late Hon. Judge Thomas Taschereau, the father of his eminence the Cardinal, and also that of the late Hon. Judge Yaufelson, who died in Montreal. Judge Berthelot began his Latin course in 1824, and finished it on the 9th of June. 1832, when at the age of seventeen. The course that year was suddenly terminated, on account of the cholera, the professors ha\-ing deemed it prudent to send back the scholars to their families in the month of June. In the month of October of the same year he began his legal studies, being indentured with the late Hon. Sir. L. H. Lafontaine, who had married his coiisin in 1830. Sir Oeorge E. Cartier, who was his classmate at college, also commenced st\;dying law in 1832, in the office of the late Etienne E. Eodier, ad- vocate. M.P.P. for the county of I'Assomp- tion. After being admitted to the bar in November, 1836, he became the partner of Mr. Lafontaine, and continued to })ractise his profession in such partnershi]) until July. 1853, when Mr. LaFontaine was ap- pointed chief justice of the province of Lower Canada on the demise of the late Sir James Stuart. A few days after. Mr. Berthelot entered into partnership with his friend, the late Sir (xeorge E. Cartier, and continued this partnership until he was ap- pointed assistant judge of the Superior Court, succeeding the late Hon. C. D. Day, who was appointed codifier in February, 1859. On Justice Day's resignation hav- ing been accepted by the government, in 1860, Judge Berthelot was immediately ap- pointed permanent judge of the Superior Court. On this occasion, in December, 1860. the bar of Montreal held a meeting in order to express publicly their satisfac- tion of the appointment of Judge Berthelot to the bench, and adopted resolutions, copies of which were transmitted to the judge, and also published in the newspapers of the day, amongst others in Lo Miiici-ve. These resolutions read as follow : At a special meeting of the members of the bar of Lower Canada section of this district, which was held on Wednesday, the l"2th of De- cember instant, it was unanimously resolved ; 1. Moved by Henry Stuart, seconded by Ge- deon Ouimet, M.P.P., That the bar of Montreal has seen with real pleasure the promotion of the Honourable J. A. Berthelot, whose talents, high sense of honour, integrity, consciencious work and services already rendered as assistant judge, are a sure guarantee of the faithfulness with which he will fulfil the difficult duties of the new office which he has just entered as permanent judge of the Superior Court. 2. Moved by Andrew llobertson, seconded by C. A. Leblanc, That as citizens, and with due regard to public interest, the barristers of ]Mon- treal cheerfully greet the appointment of Mr. Justice Berthelot, and as his confrires, they are highly honoured as a body by this new appoint- ment. 3. ^Sloved by the Honourable T. J. J. Loranger, seconded by J. C. Daly, That copies of the fore- going resolutions be transmitted by the hatonnier and secretary to Mr. Justice Berthelot, and that the secretary be authorized to publish them in the city papers. (Signed) Robert Mackav, Batonnier, (Signed) Mederic Marchakd, Secretarn. The French paper, VOi-dre, made the fol- lowing comments on the foregoing resolu- tions : We have already fully expressed our opinion on this subject, and to-day we are happy to see the bar of Montreal confirming our aiDpreciation of this appointment. During the time that Mr. Berthelot prac- tised at the bar, his confreres elected him twice to the dignity of hatonnier, in 1858 and 1859. "Whilst he exercised his duties of judge in Montreal, m the space of fifteen years, he was called upon to perform the same duties of judge at Ste. Scholastique, district of Terrebonne. In February, 1872, he was invited by the members of the l)ar of that district, numbering seventeen, to a 44 .1 CYCLOPAEDIA OF ooniplimentary public dinner by the follow- ing resolutions, which were then jjublished in the press : At the meetin;,' fjf the bar of the district of Terrebonne, hehl at Ste. Scholastic [ue on the 7th of February, 1872, it was resolved : 1. Moved by J. H. Filion, seconded by Mr. Hoissean, that Mr. Burroughs be appointed chair- man, and Mr. Rochon be re(|nested to act as sec- retary. 2. Moved by Mr. Wilfrid Pn'vost, seconded by J. A. H. Mackay, That a public dinner be given to the Hon. J. A. Berthelot, by the bar of the district of Terrebonne, as an acknowledgment of our esteem and respect for his honour. .3. Moved by J. A. H. Mackay, seconded by J. H. Filion, That the chairman and Mr. Wil- frid Prt'vost be delegated to interview his honour, and express the desire of the bar to give him a tre. Its oljject was to reward civil merit, admitting only noblemen ; it could aho be conferred on foreigners. Some ]irincelj' families of Rome and a few high dignitivries could confer the ordei', which soon occasioned serious err' ■r<. Gregory XVI. reformed the order in 1841, and gave the name of St. Sylvestre, or the Reformed ( Jolden Spur. The kniuhts wore a golden cT'. ss CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 45 with eight points, and white enamelled, showing the portrait of St. Sylvestre. It is worn with a ribbon striped red and black ; between the branches of the cross hangs a golden spur. Before the KeformatioD, when England was Catholic, and when the relations of that country with the court of Rome were uninterrvipted, as soon as a chief justice of the Court of King's Bench, was appointed, the writ of commandership of the order of St. Sylvestre was forwarded to him by the Pope, and he wore on his chain of office the letters S. S. Since England has becc^me Protestant, the writ is not sent to that country ; nevertheless, when a new chief justice is appointed, and when he orders at the court goldsmith the chain of office which he wears on his neck, he receives it still with the same initials S.S., as in olden times. This fact is warranted by pliotograplis of Chief Justices Bovill and Campbell, which Judge Berthelot has in his possession, and which were given him by his friend. Judge Mackay. In a legal review, entitled AUxuiij Laic Journal for 1874. in the issue of the 8th of August, we tind an article headed, '• Article on Campbell's Lives of Chief Jus- tices," with the following comments : And while there were among the wearers of the collar of S. S., men whose lives are neither helpful nor inspiring, there were many of whom it is good to read. In Canada the first person who received a writ of commandership of St. Sylvestre, was the late Sir L. H. Lafontaine. chief justice, in the year 1853. Judge Berthelot was appointed in 1875, as above mentioned. In 1876, after eighteen years of judicial ser- \"ices, he asked and obtained his superannu. ation, and on this occasion the Montreal Gazette, of the 28th of August, 1876, piib- lished the following : The Ottawa Government has at last come to a determination which enables it to accejjt the re- signation of Mr. Justice Berthelot. Nearly a year has elapsed since it was generally understood that Mr. Justice Berthelot desired to oljtain that relaxation from judicial duties to which twenty years service had fairlj- entitled him, but as our readers are aware, ministers were seriously em- barrassed in the disposal of this piece of patronage, and the learned judge was recjuested t" defer his proposed relin(iuishment of official duties. Before reference is made to his successor, it is b\it justice to say a word or two respecting Hon. .Judge Ber- thelot. If the hon. judge has not obtained the first rank of judicial fame, no one will venture to deny that he has occui)ied a most honourable po- sition on the bench of this province, or that his services have been of a highly beneficial character. It were scant justice to say that his character has been constantly honourable, his impartialitj- un- challenged, and his intelligence of the most vig- orous type. Laborious without complaining, diligent without ostentation, Mr. Justice Berthe- lot has never proved unequal to the arduous de- mands of his position. His knowledge of real estate and insurance law, extensive and profound, and his decisions upon these, as well as many other branches of the law, were received with the utmost respect and confidence. In determination of cases in which juries are more or less liable to be influenced by symjiathy for the sufferers, he did not hesitate to adhere to those leading princi- ples whicfi have been consecrated by time and ex- perience, in preference to yielding to impulses which might create a dangerous precedent. In fine, Mr. Justice Berthelot's judicial career has been conscientious, able and ujjright, and entitles him to the gratitude of his countrymen. Le Nonvean- Monde, on 29th of August, 1876, reprinting the above article from the Gazette, accompanied it with the following remarks : This testimony is corroborated by all those who had occasion to appreciate personally the talents, the carefulness, the integrity, and the knowledge dis])layed by this hon. judge in the exercise of his judicial duties. Some of his decisions in cases of the highest importance fully demonstrated the fact, that he was imbued with a sound judgment and a knowledge of jurisprudence and statutory laws sufficient to make his reputation and author- ity cope with that of the most distinguished jud-es who have illustrated our Canadian bench. Liberated from the toils and fatigues of the im- portant position which he has just vacated, Judge Berthelot, we hope, will not withdraw entirely from public life, and the population of this prov- ince could still benefit by his great experience, his serious studies, and his deep knowledge of men and things, which he has ac(iuired during more than twenty years on the bench. Judge Berthelot has since remained in pri- vate life, without an occasion to make him- self useful tolas country. Whilst he was jJrac- tising at the bar, he had been often request- ed to enter parliament by several counties of the district of Montreal, and in 1858, when the division of Alma was to elect its first representative in the Legislative Council, he had been recpiested to be a candidate by a great number of the citizens of the di\-isi(jn. one of the two candidates at that time being willing to withdraw in his favour if he ac- cepted the candidature. But Mr. Berthelot had always refused, iu order that his part- ners and friends. Sir L. H. Lafontaine and Sir George E. Cartier, be not de])rived of the ser^-ices he was rendering them, while these statesmen were engaged iu political life, with so much credit to themselves and satis- faction for the country. Mr. Berthelot since that time has travelled several times in Eng- lantl, France and Italy, where he has made several friends, with whom he still keeps an active corres2:)ondence. In conclusion, we may say that during the second rebellion. 46 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF in November, 1838. Mr. Bertlielot was ar- rested and sent to gaol Avithont cause or warrant, with many of the best citizens of Montreal, viz.. Messieurs Lafontaine. the two Messieurs Viger, M. Papineau, a brother of the speaker. l)r. Lusignan. Mr. Fabre, Mr. DeBoucherville, sr., Amable Badeaux, liis cousin, and his young fidend n)r. Per- reault. The latter was soon let free to at- tend his young wife. Mr. Bertlielot, having inquired, by a letter addressed to Colonel (loldie, secretary of his Excellency the Governor, Sir John Col})orne, for the cause of his arrest, ex])ressing by his letter his readiness to be brought to trial, received n(j written answer, but a few days after was invited to leave the gaol and go to his home. At the same time he had also Avritten to the late Andrew Stuart, solicitor- general, resid- ing at Montreal, A\-ith whom he was well ac- ([uainted, representing in proper terms against his unjust detention, and always thought that he owed nnieh to the interest of Mr. Stuart for his immediate release. Of Mr. Stuart, the solicitor-general, much can be said ; that he was at least equal, if not superior to his brother, the late Sir James Stuart, chief justice of Quebec. ]WacI>.eod, Rev. John M., Presby- terian minister of Zion church, Charlotte- town, Prince Edward Island. This greatly respected divine was born at the West River of Pictou, in the province of Nova Scotia, on the 25th of August, 1827. His father, Ebenezer MacLeod, was also a native of the West River of Pictou. He was a man of fair education, of sound judgment, of extensive information, and of deep and fervent piety. He was for many years an elder in the con- gregation of Salem, Green Hill, and was secretary of what is claimed to have been the first temperance society in this Do- minion. His parents Avere from Scotland. He was married to Barbara Benvie, daugh- ter of James Benvie, of Musquodoboit, and died in the 82nd year of his age. The subject of this brief sketch, having received a good English education in the common schools of tire country, entered a printing office in the iovm of Pictou, and served a regular apprenticeship to the printing busi- ness. He, however, in compliance Avith the earnest Avish of his ])arents, resumed his studies Avith a vieAV to the ministry. He entered the Pictou Academy, where for iv;o years he studied Latin, Greek, natural philosophy, and mathematics, under Pro- fessors Bell and Hay. About this time the Presbyterian church of Nova Scotia, for the jmrpose of training a native ministry, open- ed Avhat Avas knoAvn as the West RiAer Sem- inary, the head teacher of Avhich Avas the ReA'. James Ross, D.D., afterAvards principal of Dalhousie College, Halifax. Mr. Mac- Leod Avas one of tAvelve students avIio en- tered the first year this institution AA'as open- ed. Here he took the regular arts course of four years, and .studied theology three years under Rca. John Keir, IJ.D., and Rev. James Smith, D.D. He was licensed in the scaring of 1853, Avas called to the congrega- tion of Richmond Bay during the foUoAving sununer, and after taking another term in the Theological Hall, Avas ordained and in- ducted into the pastoral charge of the above named congregation on the 9th Nov., 1854, AA'here he laboured with much success for nearly scA^en years. During the fourth year of his ministry he Avas married to Amelia Parker, daughter of Francis R. Parker, of Nova Scotia, AA-ho for many years was a member of the ProAincial legislature. He Avas married to his present wife, Mrs. L. G. Taylor, in 1879. In 1860 Rev. Mr. Mac- Leod accejited a call to Newport, Hants county. Nova Scotia, where he continued to labour with acceptance and success for ten years. While in Newport he declined a call to Boston, Massachusetts, and in 1870 accepted fme to NeAv GlasgoAv, Pictou, NoAa Scotia. But there being at this time four Presbyterian congregations in the small toAAai of NeAv (jlasgoAv, and Rev. Mr. Mac- Leod, believing that his labours Avere more required elseAvhere, accepted a call to his present charge, into AA-hich he Avas inducted on the 19th of July, 1871. His labours in this field have been cr(jA\nied A\ith a fair mea- sure of success. On tAA'o difTerent occasions additions of OA'er one hundred and twenty, mostly young persons, Avere made to the communion roll. Mr. MacLeod is at pre- sent clerk of the presbytery. He has held that position for twenty-one years in the Presbytery of Prince EdAvard Island, and for scA'cn years in the Presbytery of Hali- fax, Nova Scotia. §iftoii, Hon. Jolin Wri$;]il, Bran- don, Manitoba. Avas ])orn in the toAATiship of London, countv of Middlesex, Ontario, on the 10th August, 1833. He is the youngest son of Bamlet and Mary Sifton, Avho came from the county of Tipperary, Ireland, in 1832, and settled in London CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 47 township. His ancestors on both sides were Enghsh. He received his education in the pnbHc and grammar schools of Lou- don. Up until 1860 he devoted his time to farming and other business, when he removed to Oil Sj^rings, in Lambton county, and engaged in the oil business as producer- and refiner. Here he purchased a large tract of oil lands innnediately surrounding the famous gum beds, and afterAvards sold them to an American company. This was the first foreign company that invested in Canadian oil property, and they continued to develop the resources of their territory until the enormous yield of oil at Petrolia made it impossible for them to successfully com- pete with this more prodxictive locality. In 1870, Mr. Sifton removed to Paris. Brant county, with the object of having his chil- dren educated at the grammar school there ; and in 1872, in company with his brother, contracted for and built forty miles of the track of the Canada Southern Railway. In 1873, he moved to London, and was ap- pointed secretary of the Oil Association, and this office he held until the association ceased operations. In 1874, in company with two other gentlemen, whose interests he soon after bought out, he was awarded the contract for l)uilding and maintaining for five years a telegraph line from the city of Winnipeg to Fort Pelley, and clearing the track a hundred feet wide, for a dis- tance of about three hundred miles, for the then contemplated Canadian Pacific Railway. Although this contract, when it was entered into, appeared to he one likely to give a fair profit, yet it afterwards turned out the opposite way. The fearful wet seasons of 1876, '77, and '78, Hooded the country for forty miles east of Lake Manitoba, and sixty miles west along the line to, in some places, a depth of six feet, making it im- possible to keep the line up, and as the Government refused to make any allowance for this, the loss was very great. Some idea may be formed of the difficulty of per- forming work in this country at that time, when we state that, one winter, provisions having ran out at one of Mr. Sifton's cam])s, he had to send supplies by dog-trains 160 miles, and then have it carried on men's backs, 60 miles further, making it to cost twelve cents 2:)er jiound freight from Win- nipeg to the camp, and at no time during the best part of the season could he deliver the same goods at their destination for less than five cents per pound freight. In 187.5, the firm of Sifton. Ward & Co. were award- ed the contracts for sections thirteen and fourteen of the Canadian Pacific Railwav, and Mr. Sifton, the senior member of the firm, undertook charge of section four- teen, which commenced at Red River, and extended a distance of seventy-seven miles to Cross Lake. During this time he re- moved to Manitoba, settling at Selkirk,^ and here he remained until the comple- tion of his telegraph and railroad con- tracts. The money involved in these two oj^erations amounted to aboi;t a million and a half dollars. In 1879, he took uj) his abode in Winnipeg, where he purchased some real estate outside the city limits, and erected for himself a fine residence. Taking advantage of the " boom of 1881," he sold out this property and moved to Brandon, where he now resides. Here he has invested a considerable sum of money in farming lands, and for four years succeeded in rais- ing in each year from 10,000 to 18,000 bushels of grain. But the years of frost (1883, '84, '85) having made the raising of wheat or grain in large quantities a risky business, and the collapse in values of all kinds of property, especially real estate, have forced Mr. Sifton to suspend business operations in this direction for the present. However, from his experience of over twelve years in the North-West country, and a thorough practical knowledge of farming, he thinks that although extensive farming has been in the past, and may prove in the future from certain causes, a failure, when compared ^vith Ontario, yet he is impressed with the idea that it cannot be equalled on this continent for fertility ; always provid- ing, however, that the jjresent hindrances to its prosperity be removed. What Mr. Sifton wants for his coxmtry is fair com2)e- tition in freights ; the abolition of all mcjn- opoly ; readjustment of our present tariff, so that it may have the same chance as Ontario ; a reasonable homestead law that ■wdll not be changed every year, and pre- emptions at such a price that the settler can meet it in a reasonable time. If these con- cessions were made, he thinks the North-West would make such strides onward that the most sanguine of us would fail to realize. Mr. Sifton, during his busy life, has devoted time to other things besides jJurely business matters. In 1852, he became a member of the Order of the Sons of Temjjerance, and 48 A CYCLOPEDIA OF in 1854, he also joined the Good Teniphirs, and has ke])t up his connection with these active tenijjerance organizations to the lare- sent time. In 1867, he became one of the United Tem])hirs. and from 1876 to 1883 he acted in the capacity of president of their Grand Lodge in Manitoba. He was grand worthy chief temphu- of the Grand Lt)dge of Manitoba of the Independent Order of Good Temphirs in 1884. and is at present })resident of the Mauitobau Branch of the Dominion AlHance for the suppres- sion of the Hqnor traffic, and has been since its formation in 1879. He took the leading part in the contest for the Scott Act. when it was passed in the counties of Lisgar and 3Iarquette. These counties extend over about three quarters of the old pro%"ince of Manitoba. The act was carried by very large majorities, — more than two to one vt)ting in its favoiir; but on account of the vagueness of the meaning of some of its provisions in reference to counties in Mani- toba, and the impossibility of getting it amended, it still remains a dead letter. In politics, Mr. Sifton is a Liberal. In 1878, he received the unanimous nomination of the Liberal j^arty for the Commons for the county of Lisgar, and organized and carried on the campaign up to the memorable dav, the 17th of September, 1878. The 18th being nomination day in Manitoba, and the news reaching there of the defeat of the Mackenzie governn^ent, his committee had a hurried meeting on the morning liefore nomination, and decided that it wouki be better for the county if he would withdraw, and allow a suppoiter of the Macdonald government to he elected by acclamation, anti this he consented to do. In the fall of the same year he received the nomination for the Local House for the electoral divis- ion of St. Clemens, and was elected by a large majority, and on the assembling of the house he was elected sjseaker. During the sitting of this ])arliament a redistribu- tion bill was passed. gi\ing the new settlers something like fair re2)resentation, which they had not hitherto enjoyed. At the next general election he ran for one of the new electoral tlivisions, and was defeated. In 1S81. when the province was enlarged, he ran kir the division of Brandon and was elected. In the general eleeti(m of 1883 he was defeated; and again at the last general election for the division of West Brandon he met the same fate by a small majority. Mr. Sifton was reeve of Oil Springs and a member of the County council of Lambton during the years 1867, '68 and '69. He was chairman of the school board of same place in 1868-69. and was reeve of the municipality of Cornwallis for 1885-86, but declined the nomination in 1887. He has been a justice of the peace for the pro- vince since 1875. He has travelled over the whole of the Dominion of Canada, and is familiar with all parts of the L'nited States north and south, and as far west as Omaha. Mr. Sifton is a member of the Methodist church from choice. Before the union he was a Wesleyan Methodist, and since then his opinions have not changed much on religious subjects, excejit that he has more confidence in those who differ from him in church affairs than he had in his younger days, and now has a greater love for and confidence in the teachings and doctrines of the church of his choice. He was a member of the General conference of 1882, and a member of the committee ap- pointed by that conference to confer with committees appointed by other braTiches of the Methodist church on union. He was strongly in favour of union, and was a member of the conference held in Belleville when the union was consummated. At the conference in 1882, he took the leading part in having Manitoba and the Xorth-West set apart as a separate annual conference. which was agreed to at that conference. He was also a member of the General conference held in Toronto in 1886. He is now a mem- ber of the general board of missions of the Methodist church, and has been a member of the local board of missions in the Mani- toba and the North-West conference since its formation. He has also been a membej- of Manitoba and North- We.st annual confer- ence since the admission of laymen, and is president of the Brandcm branch of the IJp2)er Canada Bible Society. He has al- ways been actively engaged in Sabbath school and church work, and is superintend- ent of the Brandon Sabbath-school. And as for temperance work, he has spent nnich time and lal:)our in this tlirectiou. and has s2)oken in almost every secti(m of the C( mntry on the sul)ject. He was married l.st Octo- ber. 1853, to Kate, third daughter of James and Sarah Watkius, of Parsonstovvn. King's county, Ireland, and has three children living. His oldest and only daughter. Sophia, was educated at Hamilton Female CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 49 College, and is married to A. N. Molesworth, chol engineer, now construction engineer for the St. Paul, Minneapolis, and Manitoba Railway Co. His oldest son, Arthur Le'wis, graduated from Cobourg University in arts, studied law in Manitoba, was called to the bar in 1882, and is now practising law in Prince Albert. His youngest son. Clifford, graduated from Cobourg. and is a gold medallist ; he .studied law in Manito])a, was called to the bar in 1882 in his twenty- second year, and is now practising law at Brandon. Armstrong, Rev. W. I>., M.A., Ph. D., Pastor of St. Paul's (Presbyterian) Church, Ottawa, Ontario, was born at Cavan, Durham county, Ontario, on the 28th of July, 1845, and is the son of John D. Arm- strong, yeoman, of that place. After a pre- liminary education in the schools of his native place, he entered Upper Canada Col- lege, and soon attained to a front place in his classes. At the close of his term he carried off the Governor-General's j^rize, and the classical, the mathematical, and modei-n language prizes. He then entered the To- ronto University, and graduated from that institution in 1870. the silver medallist in metaphysics and ethics, and prizeman in Hebrew, Chaldee and Syriac. During his course in the university he also obtained a number of scholarship's and prizes in vari- ous departments. After lea^-ing Toronto University he took a cotirse in theology in Knox ( Presliyterian ) College. Toronto, where he like"wise distinguished himself. On the 14th of May, 1874, he was ordained pastor of his present charge, and has con- tiniied ever since (with one short break, when lie was sent to Great Britain in 1883 for a few months, in the intere.st of the French Canadian rais.sions j, as the faithful exponent of Christ's message of love to the world, greatly appreciated and esteemed l)y his congregation. In 1886, the Bo.st(m University conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Rev. Dr. Arm- strong has a strong liking for literature, and amidst his various arduous parish cares and duties, has found time to contribute a good many articles to the newspaper press, and publish several sermons. On the 29th of September. 1886, he married .Jean W.. daugh- ter of Henry J. Johnston, of Montreal, a very accomplished lady, and one who has proved a true helper to him as minister of a laro^e conp^refjation. Outlirie, Donald, Q. C, M. P. P. for South Wellington, Guelph, Ontario, was born on the 8th May, 1840, in Edinburgh. Scotland. His father was Hugh Guthrie, and his mother, Catharine Macgregor, sister of Patrick Macgregor, M. A., barrister-at- law, Toronto, a distinguished Gaehc and general scholar. Mr. Guthrie received his early education in his native city, and, when about fourteen years of age, he left his fatherland. He reached Toronto in August, 1854. Here he entered the office of the Hon. Oliver Mowat, as a junior clerk : and afterwards became managing clerk for John Helliwell, barrister. In 1859 he left To- ronto and settled in Guelph as managing clerk for Fergusson >t Kingsmill, barristers. The Hon. Fergusson-Blair, one of the j^art- ners of the firm, ha\'ing retired in Decem- ber, 1863, Mr. Guthrie was admitted into partnership, and the name of the firm was changed to Kingsmill and Guthrie. Under this style the business was carried on until Mr. Kingsmill was appointed judge of the County Court of Briice, in January, 1867, when Mr. Guthrie became head of the firm, and has continued such ever since, the firm now being known as Guthrie and Watt. Mr. Guthrie was admitted an at- torney in 1863 ; barrister in 1866, passing his examinations with distinction ; and. in March, 1876, was created a Queen's coun- sel by the Lieut. -Governor of Ontario, and by the Governor-General of Canada, October, 1885. In December, 1882, he was elected a bencher of the Law Society, and was re-elected for five years in April. 1886 Since 1863 he has been solicitor for the' county of Wellington, and also for the same j^eriod he has been solicitor for the city of Guelph, and acts in this capacity for sev- eral other municipalities, Ijanks, etc. He has l^een 2:)resident of the Guelj'h Gas Com- jjany since its incorporation in 1870 ; is a director of the Gueljjh Junction Railway Comjiany, and of the Wellington Hotel Company. He occupied the position of treasurer of the St. Andrew's Societv of Guelph, from 1862 to 1869, and in 1870 was chosen its president. Mr. Guthrie was elected a member of the House of Commons in 1876, as representative for South Wellington, and served until the general election in 1878, when he presented himself for re-election, and was rettirned by 303 majority. He continued in the House of Commons until the general election of 50 .1 CYCLOPEDIA OF 1882. -^'lien lie voluntarily retired from ac- tive political life, Avith the \iev.' of devoting his whole attention for some rears to his professional duties. However, in 1886, he once more sought parliamentary honours, and the sturdy Liberals of South Welling- ton sent him to the Ontario legislature as their re]iresentative on the 28th of December in the same year. l)y the handsome majority of 671. 3Ir'. Guthrie was selected in Feb- ruarv. 1877. to move the reply to the speech from' the throne in the House of Commons; and on the 2nd March. 1887. he moved the replv to the Lieut. -Governor's address in the Ontario legislature. While in the House of Commons — 1876-78 — Mr. Guthrie was a supporter of Mr. Mackenzie's government, and was an active member of the special com- mittee appointed to inquire into the affairs of the Northern Railway Company. This committee sat for several weeks, took an im- mense mass of e\'idence. and made an ex- haustive report, which enabled the govern- ment to secure from the railway company a large sum in place of moneys improperly ex- pended in elections, etc. Mr. Guthrie was also an active member of the Committee of Pri\ileges and Elections at the time when it investigated the charges against Mr. Speaker Anglin. and other members, for alleged breaches of the Independence of Parliament Act. After the defeat of Mr. Mackenzie's government in 1878, Mr. Guthrie, with his political friends, went into opposition. He activelv opjiosed the new government on the tariff, the Letellier matter, the Canadian Pacific Railway contract, the disallowance of the Streams Bill, the Gerrymander Act, etc. Mr. Guthrie is a member of the Pres- bvteriau church. On the 17th of Decem- 1)er. 1S6:3. he was married in Montreal to Eliza Margaret MacYicar, youngest daugh- ter of John MacYicar, formerly vf Dunglass. Argyli'sliiro. Scotland, and latterly of Chat- ham. Ontario. Mrs. Guthrie is a sister of the Rev. ]). H. MacYicar. D.l)., LL.l).. princi]);:! of the Presbyterian College. Mont- real, and of the R^'v. Dr. Malcolm Mac- Yicar. ]iro(css()r of theology in the Tonmto Baptist College ( McMaster Hall). Tortmto. IliiiMOii. Rev. "Walter, Pastor of the First 13a]itist Chui'ch. Monet on. New Bruns- wick, was born at Chesham, England, on the 14tli of May, 18.jS. and came to Canada in lS7',t. His father, Thomas Hinson, and T.other, Mary Benwell, are both alive, and are re^i'ling in Hertfor^l.shire. Eng. : he has a brother and sister in London. Rev. Mr. Hinson was educated at Hulme Cliff Col- lege in Derbyshire, and Harley House, East London, England. He studied for the min- istry, and was ordained in 1880. He is a member of the Eastern New Brunswick Bap- tist Association, and the church of which he is pastor is one of the mo.st important centres of religious activity in the district. It has a membenshiji of between six and seven hundred, and over foxir hundred scholars in its Sunday-school. For general benevolence and Christian aggressiveness its record is good. Rev. Mr. Hinson has always been a total al^stainer, and from early youth con- nected with temperance societies. He is at present a member of the Moncton Di^•i- sion, Sons of Temjierance, and is considered one of the most aggressive of the temjier- ance army in New Brunswick. Mr. Hinson was brought up among the Baptists, and very naturally feels greatly at home in, and is one of the leading lights of, the denomi- nation. In the pul])it he possesses a pecu- liar power, his manner and matter being forcible and original, and we have no doubt there is a great future of iisefulness 1)efore this young and rising di^nne. He was mar- ried in July. 1886, to Jennie A. Austin, of Herts, England. Alli<> chairman of the New Bninswit'k disti-ict of Wesleyau minis- ters, in wliich he jn'oposcd "to ])urchase iin eligiljle .-ite and erect suitable buildii;'j;s in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 51 Sack\Tlle, in the county of Westmoreland, for the establishment of a school, in which not only the elementary, but the higher branches of education may be taught, and to be altogether under the management and control of the British conference in con- nection with the Wesleyan missionaries in these pro\'inces ; " and he proposed to give £100 (S-lOOj per annum for ten years to- wards the support of the school. This gen- erous offer ha\'ing been accepted, he made arrangements to proceed ydlh. the erection of a suitable edifice for the academy — the corner-stone of which was laid on the 9th of July. 1840, and from that time to the close of his life in 1858, he devoted a large share of his time and business talent to watching over and promoting the financial interests of the educational enterjjrise which, under his fostering care, developed wonder- fully. In addition to the .820.000 which he had given to establish the older branch of the institution, he gave S4,000 to aid in the erection of the ladies' branch, which was opened in 1854 ; and in his will he left S2,000 for the academies, and .$1,000 for the college whenever it should be organized. So that of the moderate fortune which he had accumulated before retiring from mer- cantile hfe in 1840, at least .830.000 were employed in founding and establishing the educational institutions which bear his name, and which stand as the enduring monument of the far-seeing wisdom and liberality of this unselfish Christian ]:)atriot. Mr. Alli- son was married to Milcah. daughter of John and Anne Trueman. on June 23rd, 1840. Mrs. Allison survived liim, but died on the 14th of June, 1884. Mary, their only child, was born 1st Sept.. 1847. and died 1st Jan., 1871. At the date of Mr. Allison's demise. The Borderer, a local weekly paper, thus kindly alluded to him : " Our sheet this week appears in mourning, be- cause we are called to record the death of one whose removal is indeed a public loss, and one, too, of no ordinary maj,'nitude. Almost every in- dividual in our community feels the death of Charles F. Allison as a public bereavement. I5ut far beyond the circle of personal ac([Uaintance- shi]), everywhere throughout the lower British American colonies, Mr. Allison's name has been known and his influence felt, as the most munifi- cent public benefactor who has yet arisen in these provinces, to bless his country and benefit the world. Mr. Allison was a native of Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, but came to this place when a young man, and here carried on, in connection with his partner, the late Hon. Wm. Crane, an extensive business until 1840. In all his business transac- tions he was remarkable for diligence, promptitude, punctuality, and rigid honesty. He did not make haste to be rich by embarking in any rash specu- lation, being, doubtlessly, more inclined to the safe than to the rapid mode of acquiring wealth. He was, however, quite successful, so that when he was led, many years since, to the more earnest consideration of the fundamental doctrine of the Christian system of practical ethics, ' Ye are not yoar own, hut bought with a price,' etc., he found himself in possession of a considerable amount of property, of which he evidently, thenceforward to the end of his life, considered himself but the steward ; and as such he was eminently wise and faithful, so that, we doubt not, he has been greet- ed by his Uivine Master with the commendation, ' Well done, good and faithful sen-ant.' A large portion of the last eighteen or twenty years of his life was most unostentatiously employed in var- ious works altogether unselfish. The noble edu- cational institutions which he founded, and which he has so largely helped to build up to their pre- sent state of pre-eminent usefulness, have occu- pied a great deal of his time and attention, for he not only cheerfully paid six thousand pounds and upwards to ensure their establishment, but with- out fee or reward discharged the onerous duty of treasurer, and watched and labored with parent- al kindness, solicitude and devotion, to promote their prosperity. These, we believe, will long stand, monuments of the wisdom as well as of the benevolence of the Christian patriot and phU.- anthropist. We have not room to enlarge upon the modesty, gentleness, affability, and other traits of character which so endeared him to all who had the privilege of his personal ac(iuaintance. Nor yet can we speak of the many ways in which his quiet influence will be sn much missed in our neighborhood. ^ He rests from his labors, and his v-orks do folloic him." In The Prnvincidl Wedcyan, of the same week. pul)lished at Halifax, N(jva Scotia, a similar notice of Mr. Allison's death aj)- j^eared. in which the writer said : ' ' He was a benefactor to his race, a blessing io his country, an ornament to the age in which he lived. He lived not for himself, but for his gen- eration and for generations yet unborn. Fortune, this world's wealth, he sought and won ; but lavished it not on personal pleasures or selfish aggrandizement. His time and his means were freely given to the noble cause of securing to the youth of these provinces a sound, liberal, and re- ligious education. His humility equalled his munificence. He thirsted not for' fame. But he has left a moniiment for himself more noble than sculptured stone in the institutions he has reared, and with which his worthy name must \w forever associated." The Mount Allison Academic Gazette, in its first issue after the death of Mr. Allison, said : " The relation whicli Mr. Allison sustained to the institution, and to all who were connected with it, was such as no other individual can ever sustain. His removal is, therefore, to it and to them an irreparable loss. The feeling of sadness 52 A CYCLOPEDIA OF and anxiety induced bj' this event must, there- fore, with those who understand the matter, be altogether other than an evanescent one. But although we are sure that we shall find every- where many to sympathise with us in our abiding sorrow as we think of the deep affliction which befell us and the institution when its father was taken from us, we think it more becoming for us to ask them to rej(jice witli us in gratefully ac- knowledging how much he was allowed to accom- plish for it whilst he yet lived. Nearly nineteen years were added to his life after he had formed the noble design of founding such an institution, and during all these years he labored and studied and prayed for its prosperity, as its father only could do. The value of the services which he rendered to the institution, ' not grudgingly, as of necessity,' but ever most cheerfully, and, be it remembered, entirely gratuitously, cannot be es- timated. Probably if an accurate account had been kept of theui, charging for each item its fair business value, they would be found to amount to sc ircely less than the sum of his princely money benefactions to the founding and establishing this institution. Certainly it may well be questioned whether the devotion of twice the six or seven thousand poimds, which he gave, would without such personal attention and services, have secured the establishment of such an institution as he has left to perpetuate the blessed memory of his name." The board of trustees of the institution, at a s])ecial meeting held on 6th Jan., 1859. passed the follo's\Tug resohitions, among others : " 1. That although we are deeply conscious that the academy has sustained an irreparable loss in the decease of Charles F. Allison, Esq., and al- though the remembrance that his work on earth is done, that the invaluab'e services which, as treasurer, chairman of building, furnishing, and executive committees of the institution, he has ever been wont so ungrudgingly to render, have now ceased, and that the board can no more hope to be aided in its deliberations by his eminently sage counsels, induces a feeling of sadness almost overwhelminL,' ; yet the board would recognize as ground for prof(jund gratitude to Him without whom ^Hdthliui is wine, nothin'j good,' thu magni- tude of the Work which our departed brother was enableil and allowed so wisely to undertake and succfssfnlly to accomplish in founding, and so essentially helping to build u]j to its present emi- nently pri>>perous condition, the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy in its two affiliated branches. " 2. That in the judgment of this board, Mr. Allison, in devoting so large a jiortion of his time and wealth to tlie establishment nf an educational institution which is of such wide-spread influence and usefulness, acted as a truly wise Christian steward, and fairly entitled himself to the pre- ennnently honourable jiosition which has been as- siu'Tied to him as ' the noblest )iuJ,lic benefactor vliii-li iiiif iict iirisoi in tliese provinces to lenetit his C'l'iiiir I iiiil f/lc..tand themoument of the distinguish- ed Christian patri(jt and philantliroj]ist,per])etuat- ing the memory alike of his wisdom and his benev- olence, this board will, as performing a sacred duty, earnestly endeavour to maintain in ever in- creasing efficiency.'' Resohitions of a similar character were passed by the Wesleyan Methodist Confer- ence of Eastern British America at its next ensuing annual session. See published minutes for the year 1859. pp. 21-22. Seiikler 'IVilliain Stevens, Judge of the County Court of the C\)unty of Lan- ark, Perth, is an Enghshman by birth, hay- ing been born at Docking. Norfolk coiinty. England, on the 15th of January. 1838. His father was the Key. Edmund John Senkler, M.A., of Cains College, Cambridge, a clergy- man of the Church of England ; and his mother was Eleanor Elizabeth Stevens, daughter of the Eev. "William Stevens. M.A,, Oxon, of Sedberg. Yorkshire. England. The parents of Judge Senkler. with their famOy of nine children, came to Canada in May, 1843, and resided in the city of Que- bec, where the Eev. Mr. Senkler occupied for some time the ])osition of rector of the High School. He then moved to Sorel. and in Sejjtember. 1847. to Brockville. at which place he died on the 28th of October. 1872, Mrs. Senkler following him to the grave on the 16th of March. 1873. Judge Senkler was educated by his father, and commenced life in mercantile pursuits : but afterwards studied law with the Hon. A X. Richards, late lieutenant-goyernor of British Colum- bia, and also with the Hon. Edward Blake, During the Michaelmas term of 18G0. he was admitted as solicitor : and was called to the bar in Trinity term. 1861. He then began the practice of the law in Brockville, first, with J. D. Buell. then with Hon. A. X. Richards, and lastly, with his brother, Edmund John Senkler (now coiinty judge of Lincoln |. down to December. 1873. when he was ap2:)ointed by the Mackenzie govern- ment, judge of the Coiiuty Court of the county of Lanark. On the 15th of October. 1875. he was appointed master in chancery at Perth, by the judges of that court. On the 10th of October. 1877. referee t)f titles h\ the judges of the Court of Chancery. On the l-4th of March. 1882, he was made local judge of the High Court of Ju.stice for On- tario : and on the 26th of Oetol^er. 1885. he was ap])ointed to the position of revising officer for the soutli riding of Lanark by the Macdonald goyernment. Judge Senkler has taken an active interest in military CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 53 matters, and helped to organize the Broek- ville Light Infantry Company, which now forms part of the 42nd battalion. He held the rank of ensign in his company. True to the traditions of his house, the judge is a member of the Church of England, and served as church warden in St. Peter's Church, Brock\ille, and St. James' Church, Perth, for several years. He has also acted in the capacity of lay delegate to the Synod of the diocese of Ontario from St. James' Church, Perth. Judge Senkler was married on the 21st of May. 1862. by the late Rev. Dr. Adamson. in the Episcopal Cathedral. Quebec, to Honor Tett, daughter of the late Benjamin Tett, of Newboro', Ontario, who at that time represented South Leeds in the parliament of Canada, and who sat for the same riding in the first parliament of Ontario. The issue of this marriage has been two daughters and one son. Judge Senkler is a hale and hearty man, and we predict for him a long life of usefulness. Hill, AiidrcAV IjJregory, Police Mag- istrate. Niagara Falls, was born on the 23rd of September, 1834, in the township of Clinton, county of Lincoln, Ontario. His ancestors were among the pioneers of the province. They came to this country im- mediately after the revolutionary war of 1776. and took up land as U. E. loyalists. The township of Clinton was then an un- broken wilderness, without a habitation, and without a road, save the track of the red man. Newark, now Niagara, about twenty- five miles distant, was the nearest village, and the only practicable means of reaching it was by boat down the lake. It is diffi- cult for us now to realize the privations that the early settlers had to undergo, especially when we consider the severity of the win- ters, the proximity of the Indian bands, and the inaccessible condition of the country. Even in later years when small plots of land were reduced to a state of cultivation, they were compelled to manufacture their o^\^l meal by the most primitive methods. Sol- omon Hill was one of the second generation after these pioneers, and in 1833 he mar- ried Eleanor Gregory, also the descendant of a IT. E. loyalist family. Andrew Gregory Hill was the eldest child of this marriage. Both his grandsires bore arms in the war of 1812, and were both severely wounded. Solomon Hill, his father, served with the militia in the rebellion of 1837, but pri- vately sympathized with the patriot cause, and in later years became a great admirer of WiUiam Lyon MacKenzie, the patriot leader. Andrew was brought up to farm life, attending the public school in winter, and assisting his father in summer. At the age of eighteen he was sent to Victoria Col- lege, Cobourg, where he subsequently grad- uated in arts and in law, ha^'ing in the meantime taught school for nearly two years in order to provide funds with which to prosecute his studies. He subsequently studied law in Cobourg, and afterwards in St. Catharines, and lastly with the late Adam Crooks, at one time minister of edu- cation for the pro\ince of Ontario, in Tor- onto. Mr. Hill was admitted to practice in 1862, and called to the bar in 1864. He commenced practice in St. Catharines, but only continued there a few months, when he entered into partnership ■v^'ith Warren Eock, late of London, and removed to Wel- land. Here he practised for more than ten years. He took an active interest in all local matters, being for many years in stic- cession a member of the school board, the ^illage council, the county council, and the county board of edtxcation. In 1864, Mr, Hill became identified with the local press, and shortly afterwards started The Welland Tribune, which paper at once became, and has since continued to be, the organ of the Reform party in the county. In 1872 Mr. Hill, being an active politician, was nomi- nated by the Reform party of the coimty of Welland for the House of Commons, in opi^osition to the late Mr. Street, a tory, who had held the county for many years, but was defeated. In 1874 he was appointed police magistrate for the town of Niagara Falls, under the special "Act to provide for the better government of that part of On- tario situate in the vicinity of the Falls of Niagara," which position he has held since that time. His administration in that capa- city has been prompt and \'igorous — some of his judgments being regarded by many as severe — but in consequence of the bold stand he took as a magistrate, he soon brought about a beneficial change in the locahty, and drove away large numbers of the criminal class who formerly infested the neighbourhood. Notwithstanding his ap- pointment as police magistrate, he stUl con- tinued to practise his profession, and in 1886 was appointed solicitor for the town of Niagara Falls, for the Imperial bank of Canada at Niagara Falls, and for the Ni- 54 .4 CYCLOPjEDIA of agara Falls Street Railway Compauv. In 1805 Mr. Hill married Isabel Thomj^son. daughter of Archibald Thompson, of Stam- ford, who was for many years treasurer of the county of Welland. and whose ancestors were among the earliest settlers of this county. Anderson, Alexander, Principal of the Prince of "Wales College. Charlotteto^^Ti, Prince Edward Island, was born at Aber- deen. Scotland. 30th Se^^tember. 183G. His father, Alexander Anderscm. and his moth- er, Margaret Imray. belonged to families residing in the adjacent parishes of Ban- chf)ry Ternan and Midmar. Until 1854. he attended school in the town of Aberdeen. The six or seven years j^rior \o that date were ^^f'ssed under the tuition of William Rattray, an educationist of considerable re- pute in the north of Scotland. Government grants and inspection were then in their in- fancy, and Mr. Rattray was one of the first in that quarter to hail the advent of a sys- tem which, sooner or later, was bound to develop into a national scheme of educa- tion. From Aberdeen, Mr. Anderson pro- ceeded to Edinburgh to the Training Col- lege at Moray House, having gained the first scholarship) at the annual competition held in that city. At this institution he re- mained two years. Moray House was then under the able rectorship of James Sime, one of the best scholars and most enthusi- astic teachers of whom Scotland could then boast, and was. during his incumbency, several times reported as the l)est college of its kind in Great Britain. When Mr. Anderson finished his course at the Training College, he was selected as an assistant master in the 2)ul)lic school in connection with it. He held this position for more than two years, and only resigned it to complete his studies at the university. At the University of Edinburgh, whose classes he attended for four years, his career was distinguished. In the classes of mathe- matics and natural jihilosophy he took the first place, and in both was Ijracketed with another for the Straton gold medals, at that time the highest mathematical honours con- ferred l)y the university. In the spring of 1862. the proposal was made, through the rector of the Training College, that he should take the seccjud professorship in the Prince of Wales College. This appoint- ment he acce}>ted. and proceeded to Prince Edward Island in November of that vear. In 1868 he was ajipointed principal, and on the amalgamation of the Prince of Wales College and Normal School, principal of the united institutions, and a member of the Board of Educaticm. On the schools of Prince Edward Island. Mr. Anderson has made a marked and lasting impress, which is every year deepening. His remarkable accuracy of information, his thorough scho- larship, and his enthusiastic devotion to the cause of education, have had a most aston- ishing effect in arousing an interest in the public schools throughout the province. In addition to this, his integrity of j'^irpose, his high sense of honour, and his love of truth, have l)eeu instilled into the minds of his pupils, and made effective through that extraordinary force of character which has rendered all his teaching so impressive. He has a wonderful tact in finding out and de- veloping talent in his pupils, and many a yoTing man has been started by him in a career of usefulness and distinction, who might otherwise have remained unkno'wn. Two of Mr. Anderson's pupils won. success- ively, the Gilchrist scholarship. The high- est honours in the Maritime provinces are generally gained by students from his classes. During the twenty-four years Mr. Anderson has been in the pro^■ince. he may be said to have taken the leading part in every forward movement in the cause of education. Reddin, JameK Henry, Barrister. Charlottetown. Prince Edward Island, was born at Kew. Surrey. England, on the 9th January. 1852. He is the eldest son of James Reddin. formerly a merchant in Char- lotteto%\Ti. but now holding the position of Government inspector of weights and mea- sures for Prince Edward Island. His mo- ther. Louisa Anna Matthews, was a daugh- ter of John MattheAvs. a retired London merchant, and a freeman of that i-ity. related through his marriage with the widow of Henry Mcmk. a scion of the family of Monk, of Alljemarle. to the Kershaws. ^lillers. Chadwicks. and other well knoA^ii commer- cial families of Liverpool and Manchester. James Reddin's father. Dennis Reddin. was the son of a manufacturer in Carrick-on-Suir, Tipperary county. Ireland, by his marriage with Mi.ss O'Meara. a daughter of an old established family in the south of Ireland. Dennis Reddin emigrated to Prince Edward Island during the latter portion of the eigh- teenth century, and having been possessed CAXADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 55 of a better education tliau most Irish settlers of his day, he taught school for some time on the island. He afterwards became engaged in mercantile pursuits, notably in the build- ing of ships, in which he was very success- ful until the year 184:7, when a great fall took place in this class of ])roperty, and he, like many other shijjbuilders, became in- volved in the common ruin that ensued. The Eeddin family have been for nearly a century the leading Irish Catholic family of Prince Edward Island, and one of the sons of the late Dennis Reddin has success- ively held the position of solicitor-general and attorney -general of the province, and is at present a county court judge, — he being the first Roman Catholic in Prince Edward Island apj^ointed to a judicial office. James Henry Reddin, the subject of this sketch, was educated at a private school, and then at the Prince of Wales and St. Dunstan's Colleges. After lea\'ing school he occupied for some time the position of clerk in his father's office, and when that gentleman gave up business, he commenced the study of law ^^•ith his uncle. Richard Reddin, and continued it in the office of the Hon. Neil McLeod. In July, 1885, he was admitted an attorney of the supreme court, and a barrister the following year. Mr. Reddin has been connected with several lit- erary societies, has written on various occa- sions for the press, and delivered before the public lectures on literary and other sub- jects. Mr. Reddin's father is a Roman Catholic, and he has followed in his foot- steps ; his mother, however, was a member of the Episcopal church. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative. In conclusion, we may add that Mr. Reddin's father for many years filled the position of president of the Benevolent Irish Society, established by Lieut. -Governor Ready in 1825. and on his retirement from office was elected patron of the society in the room of the deceased Hon. Daniel Brenan. Galbraith, Rev. William, B.C. L.. LL.B., Pastor of the Methodist church, OriUia. was bom in the township of North Monaghan, three miles from Peterboro', on 13th of July, 1842. His parents, William Galbraith and Mary MacGlennon, were both natives of Ireland. His mother is a woman of strong mind and great force of character, and her son has inherited from her those qualities which have made him a power in the church. The subject of this sketch was converted at the age of eleven years, and united himself with the Wesleyan Methodist church, and has continued connected with that body of Christians ever since. He re- ceived his education for the ministry at Vic- toria College, Cobourg. and when only seven- teen years of age was licensed as a local preacher. In June, 1861, before he was nineteen years old, he entered the ministry, and was ordained in June, 1865. While doing the work of a heavy city appointment, he took up the law course in McGill College, Montreal, and in 1875 received the degree of B.C.L. In 1881 he received the degree of LL.B. from Victoria College. Rev. Mr. Galljraith has Ijeen delegate at four general conferences ; chairman of a district for seven years : was the last president of the Mont- real Conference of the Methodist church of Canada, and the first president of the Mont- real Conference of the Methodist church after the union in 1884. Apart from his pulj^it duties, the Rev. Mr. Galbraith has taken a deep interest in the educational work of the church, and has contributed liberally to the support of Victoria College, Stanstead Wesleyan College, and the Wes- leyan Theological College, Montreal. He has been twice married. His first ■wife was Hettie Howell, the only child of Isaac Reid and Nancy Howell, of Jerseyville, Ontario. She died when only thirty years of age, leaving three children. His second ■wife is Kate Breden. daughter of John Breden, Kingston, Ontario. Craig-, James, B. A., Barri-ster, Ren- frew, Ontario, was born at Inveraray, Scot- land, on the 31st of July, 1851. He is son of George Craig, of Arnprior, Ontario. This gentleman was born at Ellon, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and his wife, Annie Clark, was born at Da^iot in the same county, and Mrs. Craig, sen., is sister of the Rev. Professcjr William Clark, of Trinity CoUege, Toronto. Mr. Craig, sen., came to Canada in 1854, and after residing in Ottawa city for about three years, settled in Arnprior in 1857, where he has since resided. For many years he has been a prominent justice of the peace there. James Craig studied in McGill College, Montreal, and graduated in arts in 1874. In the same year he was articled t' men who have been so true and faithful to me for mm-e than a third jf a century is not pleasant, but it must be saifi. My colleagues in the government ha\e placed nie in a position where my responsiliilities are not great, but where I hope I may still be able to do something for my native i)rovince and for my country. Thanking one and all for their uii wavering confidence in the past, T still wish to be CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 63 oonsidered as their friend. By causing this to be read you will much oblige, Yours sincerely, (Sd. ) S. L TlLLEV. Sir Leonard and Lady Tilley ^•isited Toron- to, the Queen City of the West, in May, 1887, and spent a week among their many friends there, who were overjoyed at Sir Leonard's improved health, and while here they took jjart in the festi%-ities so la\-ishly bestowed on the Governor-General, Lord Lansdowne, and his party, who, at the time, were enjoying the hospitality of the citizens. Sir Leonard Tilley has been twice married, first to Julia Ann. daughter of James T. Hanford, of St. John, N.B. ; and second, in 1867, to Alice, eldest daughter of Z. Chipman, of St. Stej^hen, X.B. Sir Leon- artl Tilley's career has been an honour to his country, and one that young men who aim to do well in public life should seek to remember and imitate. Cluxtoii, William, Peterboro', On- tario, was born in Dundalk, county of Louth, Ireland, on the 31st of March. 1819. When but six years of age his father died, and six years later his mother was also removed by death. His education had been carefully looked after by his mother. On the break- up of the family, William, the sul)ject of this sketch, went to reside with an uncle and aunt who was in business in C(^otehill. Cavan county, and this worthy couple soon afterwards. ha\'ing determined to improve their condition, emigrated to America, tak- ing with them the orphan lad. Arrived m Canada, the family located themselves on a farm near the then small \-illage of Peter- boro". but now one of the most thriving to'wns in the province. Here he soon discover- ed that nature never intended him to spend his life on a farm. Therefore. Avith the con- sent of his relatives — long deceased, and of whom he still speaks with the utmost affec- tion — young as he was, and without a single cent in the world, he sought and obtained a very humble situation in the employment of the late John Hall, father of the late Judge Hall, who was then the leading mer- chant in the \-illage ; and in this place he remained for some time, gradually acquir- ing knowledge. In 183.5, after having given the utu'Kjst satisfaction to all who had re- posed trust in him, Mr. Cluxton accej^ted a position in the dry goods store of John E. Benson, and subse([uently became the sole manager of his .store on Aylmer street. Here, after bus^inoss hour.s. he devoted himself so earnestly and labouriously to the cultivation of letters and of music, that he soon became remarkable for his attainments, especiaUv in the latter. In 1836, stich flattering offers had been made to him, that he was induced to leave Peterboro' and take charge, in Port Hope, of the business of the late John Crawford, a wealthy and well-known mer- chant. In this place, however, from indis- position, being then only seventeen years of age, he remained but one month,' and again returned to Peterboro" to take sole charge of a branch of that gentleman's business which had been established there, and that was not, it seemed, succeeding so well as desired. Here his management be- came so successful, that in three years he found himself the sole buyer for all of Mr. Crawford's establishments, and this position he held until the death of that gentleman, when he was appointed by the trustees of the estate to wind \\p the business, which he did to their entire satisfaction. In 1842, and after some years of the most unwearied and honourable toil. Mr. Cluxton purchased a stock of general goods, and launched forth his bark in Peterboro' on his o^m ac- count. From that time to the present, his success has been of the most marked char- acter, although it may be fairly supposed that he has met, like all others in business, with occasional reverses by the way. In 1872, considering his means sufficiently ample, he retired from the drygoods ])usi- ness. One of its branches established in Lindsay he disi^osed to a clerk, who had come to him a mere lad, but who now, un- der his strict and able training, has become one of the wealthiest and best business men in that toAvn. To two of his sons and an- other clerk he sold the Peterboro' establish- ment ; but he continued his operations in produce, and of late years has only done sufficient to occupy his mind, so as to pre- vent the change from an active business life to one of leisure having an injurious effect. For thirty years or more he moved the principal part of the grain along the whc^le line of railway from Lindsay to Lake On- tario, his transactions amounting to half a million annually. In 18.52 he l^ecame man- ager of the Peterboro' branch of the Com- mercial Bank of Canada, which position he held for eight years, without having hjst a single dollar t(j the institution, resigning it only because of its wear and tear, and 1)e- cause of his desire to visit Europe for the 64 .4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF sake of his health — which visit he made in 1862, accompanied ])v his wife and a por- tion of his family. When he did withdraw from this post, however, the estimation in which he was held by the directors may be gathered from the fact that he was appoint- ed confidential ad^^ser to the new manager. Few men in Canada have ever held so many offices of important public trust as Mr. Cluxton, and no man in the whole Do- minion can boast of a more honourable re- cord or name. He was for years president of the Midland Railway Company, and has been president of the Marmora Mining Com- pany, the Little Lake Cemetery Company, the Port Hope and Peterboro' Gravel Road Company, and the Peterboro* Water AVorks Company. He has in his time occupied seats in the town and in the county council, and is at present one of the commissioners of the town trust. He took a lively inter- est in the education of the young, and for twenty-five years was an active member of the school board. He is captain in the Sedentary militia, and in 1872 he was chosen to represent the people of West Peterboro' in the House of Commons. Mr. Cluxton is a Liberal-Conservative in politics. In pri- vate life he is neither banker, merchant nor politician, ])ut simply one of the great bro- therhood of mankind, Avho makes common cause "wdth his numerous tenants and his friends, as well as with the fatherless child- ren and the widow. Falcuiibrid^c, William Oieii- Iiolnie, M.A., Q.C.. Barrister, Toronto, was born on 12th May, 18-4G. He is the eldest son of John Kennedy Falcoul)ridge, J. P.. of Richmond Hill, in the county of York, a very well known and highly res- pected retired merchant, who for many years carried on a large and successful business in the counties of York and Simcoe. The subject of this sketch received his chief ])re- liminary training at the Barrie Grammar School, and at the Model Grammar School for Up})er Canada, and matriculated with a general ^proficiency scholarshij) in the Uni- versity of Toronto in 18(32. His course at the University was one of rather imusual distinction, inasmuch as there was hardly any department in the curriculum in which he did not at some period obtain first-class lumours. After winning college ])rizes and university scholarships in each year, he graduated B.A. in 186G. with a gold medal. He then filled for a year the chair (;f pro- fessor of modem languages in Yarmouth College, N. S., and returned to Toronto on being appointed lecturer on Italian and S^Danish in University College, which posi- tion he occupied for one year. In 1868, he commenced the study of law in the office of Patton. Osier and Moss, and was called to the bar in 1871. (While he was a student at law he entered the Military School, which was then established in Toronto, as a gentleman cadet, and in due course obtained his certificate of fitness for a captain's commission in the active militia — under the instructions of the officers of Her Majesty's 29th regiment of foot j. On the 1st of July, 1871, the firm of Harrison, Osier and Moss was formed, the members of which were the late Chief Justices Harri- son and Moss : the present Justice Osier, Charles Moss. Q.C.. W. A. Foster, Q.C., and Mr. Falconbridge. He was examiner in the University of Toronto for several years, and was elected registrar in 1872, and held that office until 1881, when he resigned and was immediately elected by his fellow graduates a member of the senate of that institution, and again elected at the head of the poll in 1886.^ In 1885, he was ! elected a l^encher of our only Inn of Court 1 — the Law Society of Upper Canada. — and t was re-elected at the general election in I 1886, ranking Xo. six, out of the thirty I successful candidates, those who received a larger number of votes being W. R. Mere- dith, Charles Moss, Dalton McCarthy. C. Robinson, and B. M. Britton. He was gazetted as one of Her Majesty's counsel in 1885. Mr. Falconbridge is a pronounced and steadfast Conservative in jjolities, and has frequently been solicited to enter pitb- lic life, particularly at the general elec- tions for the House of Commons of the Dominion in February. 1887, when he was offered the nominaticm for Centre Toron- to. His friends think that his abilities and joersonal qualities eminently fit him for the political arena, but he has hitherto felt obliged by the pressure of ])rofessional engagements to decline the honour. But he has never been chary of rendering gratuitous j^ublie services when called on to do so. He was a prominent member of the Citizens" Committee appointed at the time of the terrible accident at the Humber, in January. 1S84. when twenty-nine men were killed outright or died of their injuries, and fifteen were more or less injured, the CAXADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 65 other members of the Committee being the then mayor, A. R. BoswelL J. H. Morris, Q.C., T. McGaw, Jno. Livingstone, H. E. Clarke, M.P.P., and John Halhim. Largely through the intervention and efforts of these gentle- men, more than one hundred thousand dol- lars were received Vjy way of compensation from the Grand Trunk liailway, and about fifteen thousand dollars collected from the general public. For their services in this connection, given ungrudgingly over a period of nearly two years, they were publicly thanked l)y resolution of the City Council. Mr. Falconbridge is now a mem- ber of the firms of Moss, Falconbridge and Barwick, and Moss, Hoyles and Aylesworth, a strong association, representing the sur- vival of the numerous judicial appointments which have been made from their ranks. In religion he has always adhered to the Church of England, and has been for years an officer of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society. He is a keen sportsman and a skilful and enthusiastic angler, and he is very popular within the circle of his ac- quaintance. In 1873, he married Mary, youngest daughter of the late Hon. Mr. Justice Sullivan, and step-daughter of the late Hon. Sir Francis Hincks, C.B., K.C. M.G., by whom he has issue one son and five daughters. Sanderson, Rev. Dr. G. R., Pastor of the Methodist church, Sarnia. This worthy and greatly respected minister was born in the city of Kingston, in the year 1817, so that he is now seventy years of age. He is of English parentage. With his par- ents he attended the church of the Wesleyan Methodists in Kingston, and in tlie year 1834, through the ministry of the Rev. Dr. Stinson, Avas converted, and at once connect- ed himself with the church. Ha\-ing a fair English education, 2:>ossessing a good voice, good judgment, and alcove all, a renewed heart, he was 1)y the quarterly official board made a local preacher in connection with the Kingston circuit. Engaged in this relation and realizing his need of better qualification for the work, he entered the Upper Canada Academy, Avhich formed the nucleus out of which Victoria University has risen, where he completed his education. He then left the college to enter the full work of the ministry. The late Rev. Dr. Carroll Avrites of him : " His going out as chairman's supply, one year before his formal reception on trial, was at the conference of 1836. and D his introduction into his ministerial work was under circumstances which entitle him to rank among the pioneer preachers. He was first sent to the extensive boundaries, miry roads and miasmatic atmosphere of the old Thames circuit ; and received a fitting seasoning for its toils by a ride on horseback from Kingston to Chatham. In the course of this journey the writer first met and ad- mired the j^luck and heroism of the l)oy of twenty." A list of the circuits on which Dr. Sanderson has travelled since entering the ministry Av-ill no doubt interest many read- ers. In 1837. he travelled the old Thames circuit, going thence to Newmarket. Grimsby and Hamilton respectively. In 1841 he was ordained and sent to Stamford, where he re- mained for two years, then to St. Catharines for two years, and thence to Toronto, where he was elected and ably performed the duties of editor of the Clin'stian Gtiardian. Upon relinquishing the editorial chair, which posi- tion he held for five years, he was appointed to Co])ourg for three years, during which period he was elected secretary of the con- ference, and was thence sent back to Toronto to take charge of the Methodist Book and Puljlishing House. From the successful discharge of these important interests of the church he came to the city of London, where he remained for three years. In the year 1861 he was elected representative from the Canadian Conference to the Wesleyan Con- ference of Great Britain. In 1860 he was elected chairman of the London district, which position he has held without a break on the several districts on which he has been placed from that j^eriod until the present. From London he went to the foUoAving places in order, remaining in each the full allotted time of three years : Port Ho2)e, Picton, Belle\nlle, Kingston. St. Catharines, London (Wellington street ), London (Dun- das street east j, and Strathroy. In 1876 he was elected j^rcsident of the Conference of the Methodist church of Canada, for which position his many years' ex^jerience as chair- man well qualified him. The honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by his ahii<( nuittv, Victoria Uni- versity, in May, 1876. Victoria has never honoured a more worthy son, and Dr. San- derson has always been a noble representa- tive of the claims of this university upon the Methodist people of this domini(m. Dr. Sanderson is a fine specimen of the Christian minister. During his long period of service 66 A CYCLOPEDIA OF there has been no time that he has been laid aside from -work by illness, and no year that there has not been a revival of religion on his circuit. The statement may be ventured that Dr. Sanderson has been the instrument in God's hands of winning more souls to Christ than any other minister in the regu- lar work in the Methodist church. He is now the oldest man in the active work of the ministry, and at a conference lately held in St. Thomas, a testimonial in the shape of a j^urse of $120 was presented to him in honour of his advent upon the 50th year of his ministry. Dr. Sanderson as a preacher is at times eloqiient, always prac- tical and strictly evangelical. As a speaker [ he is chaste, j^olished and powerful, and j when in debate he waxes Avarm Vtith his theme he invariably carries his hearers Avith him. As a man he is sympathetic and ten- der and Avithal firm and unflinching in what he believes to be right. To quote Dr. Carroll again — " He has not been without difficult positions to keep, and has had his trials ; yet he has proved faithful to his trust, and has usually triumphed. He is self-contain- ed, manly and enduring, and has never failed in a connexional trust." Hunter, Kev. Samuel Jaine^s, D.D., Pastor of the Centenary Church, Hamilton, Ontario, one of the leading preachers in connection with the Metho- dist denomination, is a Canadian by Inrth. having been born in the A'illage of Phillips- burg, province of Quebec, on the 12th April. 1843. He is of Irish parentage, his father and mother ha^-ing been born and married in Strabane. county Tyrone. The subject of our sketch removed, with the other members of the family, to Upper Canada, and settled in East (T-«-illimbury, which was then almost a wilderness. He early develo])ed an unconquerable thirst for knowledge, and when a mere lad had reach- ed the limit of the common school teacher's power to instruct. The few books in scanty libraries here and there amongst the neigh- ])onrs were read with aridity and studied with care. The first money he ever earned was invested in three wf)rks that opened to him the vast world (jf thought, namely : Dick's works. Rolliu's Ancient History, and a Latin grammar and reader cfjmbined. When seventeen years of age he Avas led into a religious experience through the ministry of the Methodist cliurch. which he sul'.sequently joined. At the age oV eighteen he was received as a probationer for the ministry, and began his labours in the toA\-nship of Walpole. Four years after- wards he was publicly ordained in London, Ontario. For many years he did the hard work of a Methodist preacher, and at the same time pursued secular study tinder j^ri- vate masters. His fields of labour have been — one year in Walpole. two in Oakville, two at Thomhill, one at Bowmanville. six in Montreal, tAvelve in Toronto ( six of which were in Elm street, three in Queen .street, and three in Sherbourne street Church). He is now completing his second year in Centenary Church. Hamilton, one of the largest and most important congregations in the Dominion. At the convocation of 1886 the Senate of Victoria University conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Hunter, though a member of every general conference that has been held, has no taste for debate, and seldom enters the arena. He is regarded as orthodox in his teachings, but never takes things on trust merely. He thinks for himself, and ncA'er burks his opinions, even when they seem to be oiit of harmony with the generally ac- cepted creeds. He married, in 1871. Miss Euston, of Montreal, and has a family of two children. ]TIiillii>>on, Georg-e, Senior Past Grand Worthy Patriarch of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of the ProAince of Quebec, was one of the most energetic and enthusiastic temperance advocates in that section of our country. Born in Edin- burgh. Scotland, on the 1st May, 1801. he received his education there, and after leav- ing school was apprenticed to the baking business. Having faithfully served the prescribed term, he worked for a short pe- riod as a journeyman, and wishing to see the world, enlisted in His Majesty's 70th regiment of foot, and soon attained the position of colour-sergeant. Seeing the evil effects of drink on his comrades, he soon became convinced that a life of total absti- nence was the safest anil best for him to secure success in liis ]")rofession. and accord- ingly adopted the principle. At that time v(>ry few hail abandoned the faitire use of intoxicating liquors as a drink, and those wlio liad were looked U]i(^>n with sus])icion ])\- tlie ••moderate drinkers." but his ex- ample soon l)eoan to tell ujion his coirifades, and many of them were i7iiluci d to aliandon liquor-drinking. In due course of time. CANADTAX BIOGRAPHY. 67 with the permission of his commanding officer, he estabhshed a total abstinence society in the regiment. He soon after- wards attained to the rank of qiiarter-master- sergeant, and still continiied to use his in- fluence to further the good work ho had begun. In the year 1842, having served his country for twenty-one years in Gibral- tar, Malta, West Indies and Canada — prov- ing the practicability of the principles of total abstinence in all these varied climes — he was discharged with a pension, and at the same time received a situation in the Commissariat department as keeper of the government woodyard in Quebec. This gave him greater opportunities to work in the temperance cause, and shortly after- ward he and several other citizens started the first total abstinence society in that city, and it proved a great blessing to many. In Oc- tober, 1850, having heard of the order of the Sons of Temperance, which was then making rapid strides in enrolling men in the total abstinence ranks, he and other members of the society secured a charter from the National Division, and Goiigh Division, No. 3, of Canada East, was organ- ized. This division continued to prosper, and the order to increase in the province, when in January, 1852, the Grand Di\-ision of Canada East (now Quebec) was organ- ized, Mr. Mathison being one of the charter members, and in October, 1854, he was elec- ted its Grand Worthy Patriarch. In Feb- ruary, 1852, St. Lawrence Division was or- ganized under very favourable auspices, and in the following year he left Gough Division and joined St. Lawrence, in the hope of ex- tending his usefulness among the military men who had joined in large numbers the younger division. In June, 1867, he was initiated into the National Division of North America, at the session held at Pro-vidence, Rhode Island, and continued to attend the meetings of that body as opportunity offered, the last time being at the session held in Hahfax, N. S., in 1884. In 1859 he was removed to Halifax to fill another position in the Commissariat department, and later on to Prince Edward Island. In each place he was well known as an enthusiastic worker in the cause of temperance, and other good works. In the year 1866, after serving twenty-four years in Her Majesty's service, he was superannuated, with another pension, and took up his residence in the city of Quebec, and again associated himself with St. Lawrence Division, and continued to work persistently in the cause he had so much at heart up to the last month of his life, not only in connection with the order of the Sons of Temperance, btit in the form- ation of Cadets of Temperance, Bands of Hope, and other kindred societies. He was ever ready to help, and very few of the youth of the city of Quebec have failed in being influenced to a certain extent by his efforts. He was a consistent member of the Methodist church for over fifty years, and for several years superintendent of the Sab- bath school. The class meetings and prayer meetings were always faithfully attended by him and highly appreciated. He passed away after a few days' illness on the 30th October, 1886, in the eighty-sixth year of his age and the sixtieth of his temperance work, deeply regretted by all bis co-laborers in the church, as well as in the cause of total abstinence. George Mathison earned the benediction : " Well done, good and faithful servant." Flewcllins^, ^Villiani Pciilreatli, Accountant and Lumber Agent, Cro^vn Lands department, Fredericton, New Bruns- wick, was born at Clifton, King's county. New Brunswick, on the 31st of May, 1850. His father, William Puddington Flewelluig, was a native of New Brunswick, and resided most of his life-time in King's county, where for a long time he carried on a large ship- buildiiag business. He also represented King's county in the New Brunswick legis- lature for a number of years, and part of the time he was a member of the govern- ment, and held the office of surveyor- general. His mother, Esther Ann Merritt, was a native of Marlborough, Ulster county, New York state. William received his early education in the public school of his native place, and at a later period attended the superior school at Studholm, King's county. While 2)reparing for a collegiate course, ill health overtook him, and he was obliged to give up further study and betake himself to out-door pursuits. He having become as a boy familiar with the use of tools in his father's ship-yard, ho betook himself to the lumber regions of New Brunswick, and joined a lumbering party ; and after a win- ter spent in the forest he became restored to his usual ruggedness, and returned to civilization. In the spring of 1869 he remov- ed from Clifton to Fredericton and entered the service of the ofovernment as a clerk in 68 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the CrownLands department. In 1873, some changes occurring in the staff, he was pro- moted to the position of accountant ; and in 1881, in addition to tliis office, he was made lumber agent. This dual office he has since held — the first having put him in charge of all the financial matters in con- nection with the Land department, and the second the general supervision of the lum- bering oi\ the Crown lands throughout the province, and the collection of the revenue therefrom. As a young man. Mr. Flewel- ling took an active interest in military mat- ters. Having joined a local militia corjjs as i^rivate he gradually rose in the ranks, and when he retired from the service in 1874 he held the rank of paymaster of the 7J:th battalion, King's county militia. He has been an active member of various societies, especially temperance societies, in all of which he has held offices. For about fifteen years he has belonged to the Inde- pendent Order of Oddfellows, and is a past- grand master of Victoria lodge. No. 13, of Fredericton. He has always been connected with the Episcopal church, but is, never- theless, a strong believer in freedom of opinion, especially in religion. On the 17th ; of January. 1874. he was married to Har- j riet E. Lugrin, daughter of the late Charles j S. Lugrin. editor of The Colonial Farmer, { and for a number of years secretary of the i Board of Agriculture for New Brunswick, and grand-daughter of the late George K. Lugrin, for many years Queen's printer in Isew Brunswick. I.c Pail, Frederick ]Vieliola§ D'Orr, Owen Hoiind, Ontario, is the son of Louis Noailles Le Pan and Mary Anne | Brown, of Belfast, Ireland, and was born in ■ the year 1819. His father was a native of Paris, France, and was a professor of French in the Eoyal Academy of Belfast, and other colleges in that city. Mr. Le Pan emi- ' grated to the United States at the age of nineteen, and was for some time employed in a large flouring mill as head l^ook-keeper in St. Louis, Missouri. Being anxious to ' get on and push for himself, he Ijought a farm in the state of Illinois, and lived there until his health failed him. He then ■ sold out his pro^^erty and moved to Canada and settled in Picton. Prince Edward county. After living here for some time he went to Owen Sound, m the county of Grey, where he opened a general store, and succeeded ; well. He occupied the position of treasurer : for the county of Grey for over twenty years, and on his resignation was presented with a handsome present by the county in recognition of his ser%-ices. He was local director for the Molsons bank in Owen Sound, and is a justice of the peace for the coimty. Though now well up in years. Mr. Le Pan is still hale and hearty, and living a retired life. MiaAv, I^ieiiteiiaiit-Colonel Jaiiie§. The late Senator Shaw was born in New Eoss. county Wexford, Ireland, in the year 1798. so famous in Irish history. He was descended from two ancient and honourable families, and took pride in tracing his lin- eage l)ack many generations to persons of distinction, being Scotch on his father's side, and on his mothers he was of French extraction, her family, the d'Ouselys. being Huguenots, who fled to Ireland, the name being corrupted to Dowsley in the course of years. In the year 1820, after complet- ing his education in Dublin. Mr. Shaw, in the twenty-second year of his age, came to Canada with letters of introduction to Lord Dalhousie. who attached him to his house- hold, ■with f'.n officer's pay and rations for the following six months, where he was treated with great kindness by Lord and Lady Dalhousie. and in after days often re- ferred to this pleasant portion of his life. Subsequently the government appointed him first clerk in the Lanark military settle- ment of TTpper Canada, under the late Colonel William Marshall, the superinten- dent, anel this situation Mr. Shaw filled for nine years. At the commencement of the work on the Eideau Canal, through Lord Dalhousie's influence, he was aj^pointed overseer of the works under the late Colonel John By. from Smith's Falls to Bytown, now the city of Ottawa. x\fter the com- pletion of the canal. Mr. Shaw married Ellen Forgie, daughter of Mr. Forgie. of Glasgow, and carried on at Smith's Falls a successful and extensive mercantile busi- ness up to the time of his entering parlia- ment. He was one of the first j^romoters and directors of the Brockville and Ottawa Eailway. During the Canadian rebellion of 1837 and 1838 he was stationed at Brock- ville as major of the third Leeds Light In- fantry, and in later years he was made lieu- tenant-colonel of the militia (;f Canada. In his early days he was a member of what was known as the Johnstown District Coun- cil, and when the municijjal system was CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 69 adopted he filled the position of reeve of the raimicipality, which office he held until higher duties obliged him to resign. He wfis also a justice of the peace, but did not often act in that capacity. Mr. Shaw was a Free Mason, ha\ing joined the order as a young man in Ireland. He was a member of the Church of England — not extreme in his views, but unswerving in his sujaport and allegiance to his church. In 1851 he was elected to represent the united coixnties of Lanark and Renfrew in the Legislature of Canada in the Conservative interest, and was again returned for the South Riding of Lanark in 1854. In 1860 he was elected for the Bathurst division by a large majority to a seat in the upper house, which he held until the confederation of the several pro\ances, when he was called by Royal proclamation to the Senate of the Dominion of Canada, which position he filled with honour to him- self and credit to his country until his death. Mr. Shaw was a gentleman of fine physique and commanding appearance, of sterling principle, unswerving integrity, and by his genial disposition and url)anity of manner, endeared himself to all with whom he be- came acquainted. He died siiddenly at his residence in Smith's Falls, on the 6th of February, 1878, regretted and revered by aU who knew him. His funeral was at- tended by a large deputation from both branches of the legislature. *' In social haunts the ever welcome guest, So generous, noble, and of portly mien ; ' One of a thousand ' has been well exju'essed — No finer type of gentleman was seen." Saiiil Pierre, Henri C, Advocate, Montreal, was born in the parish of Rigaud, county of Vaudreuil, 2^ro\-ince of Quebec, on the 13th of September, 1844, but was brought up at Isle Bizard, in Jacques-Car- tier county. He is the last child but one of a family of nine, composed of seven girls and two boys. His father, Joseph Saint- Pierre, a farmer of Isle-Bizard. died Avhen his son Henri was only two years old. His mother, Domithilde Denis, is still living. His first ancestor on his father's side in Canada was Pierre Breilli-Saint-Pierre, who was usually called Pierre Saint-Pierre. He had emigrated from Normandy, and on his arrival in Canada settled at Isle-Bizard. In 1741 he was married to Franooise Thi- bault, by whom he had a large family. He was killed at the battle of Carillon in 1758. His eklest son. bearing the same name, was married to Marie Josephte Tayon, and from that marriage was born, on the 23rd of Au- gust, 1772, Guillaume, the father of Joseph, and the grandfather of the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch. Domithilde Denis, the mother of Mr. Saint-Pierre, be- longed to a family of farmers from La Pointe Claire, which traces its origin in Canada as far back as the days of the first French settlements, the first colonist of that name, Jac(jues Denis, having settled at Lachine in 1689. After the death of his father, Mr. Saint-Pierre was adopted by a near relative, C. Raymond, a merchant at Isle-Bizard. who took charge of his educa- tion. At twelve years of age he entered the Montreal College, where he went through a brilliant classical course of study. He was the college mate of the unfortunate ])atriot, Louis Riel. From liis childhood Mr. Saint-Pierre had always exhibited a strong liking for military life ; ])ut as he grew older, this liking ripened into an un- controllable passion ; so much so, that on leaving college one of the first things he did was to solicit from his mother and his adopted father the permission to enlist in the United States army. At this time the war between the North and South was rag- ing at its highest pitch. It is almost needless to say that his request was unhesitatingly an 1 25eremptorily refused. With no small degree of disappointment and reluctance, he at last chose the study of the law, and was sent to Kingston in Ontario, in order that he might improve his knowledge of the English language. At Kingston he was articled to James Agnew, one of the lead- ing lawyers of that city. He soon got tired of the law, however, and on the very day when he was to undergo his preliminary examination at Osgoode Hall, in Toronto, yielding to his passion for military life, he crossed over to Niagara Falls, and thence took the first train to New York. On his arrival there he enlisted in the 76th New York volunteers, which was then forming part of the first corps in the Potomac army. To his honour be it said, it Avas only after considerable hesitaticm that General John- son, the chief recruiting officer, ctmsented to enlist the riinaway school-boy. Mr. Saint-Pierre of course entered the service as a private, ])ut in less than two months he rose to the rank of sergeant. During General Meade's retreat towards Centre ville, in the fall of 1863, he was wounded at the cross- 70 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ing of the Eapahannock. aud liad only re- cently resumed duty wlien in the fight at Mine Run, near Fredericksburg, he was again wounded. He was jjieked up by a detachment of Oeneral Stewart's rebel cav- alry on the field of battle, and was Ijrought to Gordonsville during the night, and on the following day sent to Eiehmond as a prisoner of war. In his regiment he had been reported as dead, and some time after- wards his name was published in the list of those who had ])een killed in that fight. The result of this information was that funeral services were held both in the Mon- treal College and in his native parish, and prayer asked for the salvation of his soul. To give a detailed and circumstantial ac- count of the suffering which Mr. Saint- Pierre had to endure, and all the adventures he had to go through in his numerous at- tempts to escaj^e from starvation and death in the southern stockades, would require a narrative which could hardly be comjirised ■\\atliin the compass of a whole volume ; but one may form some idea of it, however, when the names of the following prisons wherein he was successively detained are mentioned : Bell Island and Parmenton building at Eiehmond, Andersonville in Georgia, and Charleston's race ground and Forence in South Carolina. After thirteen months of indescribable sufferings, he at la.st found himself free at Charleston on the day when the city was evacuated by the Southern troops in the spring of 1865. After the war was over, Mr. Saint -Pierre retiirned to his native country, where he was greeted as one who had risen from the dead. In March. 18G6, he resumed his legal stiidies, and was first articled to the late Sir George Etienne Cartier. but a year afterwards he became a student in the office of the Hon. J. J. C. Abbott, where he remained up to the time of his admission to the i)ar on the 12th 1 of July. 1870. In 1871 Mr. Saint-Pierre } entered in partnership \iiih the Hon. Gede'on i Ouimet. then attorney-general, and some | time afterwards prine minister for the jiro- j vince of C^i;ebec : and on that gentleman's apjjointment as superintendent of educa- ! tiou. after his having resigned his office as prime minister. Mr. Saint-Pierre found him- self at the head of his law office and tlie sole ])ossessor of his large clicntvfc. Mr. Saint-Pierre soon reached the foremost rank J in his ])rofession. and to-day the firm of Saint-Pierre. Cxlobenskv \- Poirier. is one of the leading firms in the district of Mon- treal. But it is more particularly as a criminalist that Mr. Saint-Pierre has dis- tinguished himself. Few lawyers have been so successful in the practice of that branch of the law ; and whether it be in the often arduous task of bringing con-viction to the minds of juries, or in that no less difficult one of i:nravelling a knotty point of law, he has few equals and no superior in his native province. He has frequently acted as Crown attorney and as substitute of the attorney- general for the pro\-ince of Quebec, both in Montreal and in the adjoining districts. In politics Mr. Samt-Pierre is a Liberal. He was selected to run as the Liljeral candidate in Jacques-Cartier, in 1878, for the local house, but was defeated by the former member, L. N. Lecavalier, who succeeded in securing his re-election by a small major- ity. Since that date Mr. Saint-Pierre has taken very little part in active pohtics. At the general elections for the federal house in 1887 he was selected as the Candidat KatiouaL first in the county of Laprairie, in opposition to Mr. Tasse, the Conservative nominee, and afterwards in the county of Jacques-Cartier, in opposition to Mr. Gir- ouard. but declined in both instances. Mr. Saint-Pierre was married in, 1874 to Adeline Albina Lesieur. eldest daughter of Adolphe Lesieur, merchant, of Terrebonne. She is a niece of the late Hon. Thos. Jean- Jacques Loranger. of the Hon. L. O. Loran- ger, a judge of the Su^^erior Court, and of J. M. Loranger. Q.C. Mrs. Saint-Pierre is a handsome and accomplished lady and an excellent musician. She is often seen at charity concerts, contributing, by her dis- tistinguished talent as a pianist, to the en- joyment of the evening: wliilst her husband. Mr. Saint-Pierre, who is the possessor of a sj^lendid bass voice, and a cultured singer, varies the entertainment by his singing. Mr. and Mrs. Saint-Pierre were ])oth l:)orn and brought u]) Roman catholics, and they have a family of five children, the eldest of whom. Master Henri, is only nine years old. In 18.56 Mrs. Saint-Pierre, the elder. Avas married to John "Wilson, a wealthy farmer of Isle-Bizard. He was a widower and the father of severan)oys. Two of those boys Avere married to two of Mrs. Saint-Pierre's daughters. The youngest of those gentle- men was recently elected dej^uty-reeve of the county of Pn>scott. in Ontario. Mrs. Saint-Pierre has survived her second hus- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 71 band, who died in 1858. She has now reached the ripe old age of seventy -nine. She is yet strong and hearty, and lately was invited to the christening of an infant (a girl) who was the grand-daughter of her own grand-danghter. She was thereby given an opportunity seldom offered, even to very aged grand-mothers, that of seeing her fourth generation. He III III in;;, Ed\«'ard Joiiii, D.C.L., ex-M.P.P., Advocate, etc., Drummondville, province of Quebec, is the third son of the late Henry Keene Hemming, estate agent, and for many years lessee of extensive brick- fields at Gray's, Essex on the Thames ; and Sophia Wirgman. daughter of Thomas Wirgman, from Stockholm. Sweden, and aunt to Lieut. -Colonel Wirgman, late of the 10th Hussars, in their lifetime of Londcjn, England, and Lismore, Ireland (in connec- tion ^\^th the Duke of Devonshire estates), and latterly (where they died and were buried ), of Great Marlow, Bucks, having previously lived farming near Drummond- ville, P.Q.. for a few years, when they re- turned to England. There is every reason to believe that his father was directly de- scended from John Hemming. Shakespeare's associate and literary executor. An uncle of his father, the Rev. Samuel Hemming, D.D., was chaplain to the Eoyal Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, and as such intimate "wath all the then royal dukes, the Duke of Sussex standing godfather to two of his children. His father was also uncle to the late Hon. Judge Dunkin, member of the Privy Council of Canada, etc., etc. (his sister being the judge's mother j, and also cousin to the late Charles F. Smithers. pre- sident of the Bank of Montreal. After the lapse of about a hundred years, the two families of Hemming and Smithers have intermarried again. Walter G. A. Hemming, of Toronto, a nephew of the subject of this sketch, having lately married a daughter of Charles F. Smithers. Edward John Hem- ming Avas born on the 30th Augiist. 1823, in London. England, that is to say Chipham, Surrey, and was educated at the Clapham Grammar School, under the Kev. Charles Pritchard. M.A.. a Cambridge wrangler. Among his schoolmates who have since achieved distinction may be mentioned the Rev. Dr. Bradley, dean of Westminster Abbey ; Sir George Groves, of Sydenham Palace fame : and his brother. George Wirgman Hemming, of Lincoln's Lm. Q.C., lately of Hyde Park, now of South Kensing- ton, London, late fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, senior wrangler of the univer- sity — one of the commissioners named by the Imperial Parliament for re^vising the statutes of Cambridge University ; — editor of the " Equity Law Reports " under the council of the English bar, etc., who married his second cousin, a grand niece of Sir DaA-id Baird. the hero of Seringapatam and Co- runna. To show the heredity of genius we may mention that one of his sons, now in the Royal Engineers, not only came out first at the final examination at the Royal Military College, Woolwich, but surj^assed the one next to him by more than a thous- and marks. On leaving school in 1839, Mr. Hemming went to sea as a midshipman, making his two last trips to India in the old East Indiaman, Hcrefordsliire, com- manded by Captain Richardson, a cousin. He left her at Bombay in 1843, to join the Sei/d Khan, opium clipper trading to China with a Lascar crew, as second officer, under Captain Horsburgh, a nephew of the famous Captain Horsburgh of East India Directory fame. During his voyages, he A^isited the Cape of Good Hope, Isle of France, BtMubay, Madras, Calcutta, Batavia, Hong Kong, Canton, Amoy, Chusan. Woosing and St. Helena, this latter before the removal of the great Bonaparte. After remaining in China a couple of years, he returned home to his father in Ireland in 1845. where he remain- ed studying farming till 1851. During his residence at Lismore. the Sniith O'Brien rebelhon broke out, and he then made ac- quaintance with Nicholas O'Gorman, once secretary to the Catholic Emanci]jation League, under O'Connell, l)ut then a loyal subject; also of Richard O'Cxorman, his ne])hew, one of the Young Irelanders, who had to flee the country in order to eseaj^e prosecution for his action in that re])ellion. Richard O'Gorman is now a judge in New York. Liebeg's work on agricultural chem- istry, then lately published, having caused a great sensation, he turned his attention to the sul)ject, and the Royal Agricultural Society of England having offered a prize open to all the world on the occasion of the International Exhibition of 1851. for the best essay on chemistry applied to agricul- ture. Mr. Hemming entered the competi- tion and carried off the ])rize. This essay may be found in the Parliamentary library at Ottawa. While attendins? the International 72 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Exhibition in 1851, he met his cousin, after- wards Jiidge Dimkin, who jjrevailed uj^on him to enter his office in Montreal as a law student, and he commenced his legal studies in the office of Bethune & Dunkin in the fall of that year. Among his fellow studentswere the Judges Eamsay. and Pajjineaii, and Julius Scriver, the M.P. for Huntingdon ; and he also entered the law course of McGill College, and in 1855, took his degree of B.C.L., being first in honours; and in 1871, took his degree of D.C.L. in course. While he was a law student he was elected presi- dent of the Law Students' Society, succeed- ing the late Judge Ramsay of the Court of Queen's Bench; Judge Baby, now of the same court , bein g elected secret ary -treasurer. Shortly after, in May. 1855, he was admitted to the bar, and immediately returned to Eng- land, where, on the 19th July, 1855, he was married to Sophia Louisa Eobinson | a cou- sin j, eldest daughter of the late Thomas Eobinson, of London and Norwood, mer- chant, and returned to Montreal the same year, and commenced practising law in partnershij) with A. H. Lunn. He was em- ployed by G. AV. Wickstead. Q.C.. law clerk of the Legislative Assembly of Canada, on behalf of the government, to compile a di- gested index of all the statute law in force from the conquest to that date, prej^aratory to a consolidation of the statutes, which work he accomplished to his satisfaction. In 1851. he entered the active militia force by joining the Montreal Light Infantry Battal- ion as second lieutenant, and served therein for seven years, until he was gazetted out on leaving limits as unattached, retaining his rank of captain. In 1858, at the suggestion of Judge Dunkin. who. at that time, was memljer for Drummond and Arthabaska. and who intended residing: in IJrummond county ( and his father luiving just arrived from England and purchased a farm in the neighbourhood (jf Drummondville ). ho left his practice in Montreal and came to Drum- mondville. which was then nothing Imt a deserted village in the middle of the woods and out of the world, although ])ractical]y the vhcf-llcii of llie then newly constituted district of Arth;:1i;!ska. th(> only resident lawyers living there: now, tlianks to the railroatl. Druunnondville is a thriving vil- lage of two thousand inhal)itants. with flourishing manufactures and magnificent Avater ])owers. ])ut has lost its ])re-eminenee in law since the erection (;f a court house at the chef-lieu, and the formation of a resi- dent bar at Arthabaska^ille. Mr. Dunkin, however, being defeated afterwards by J. B. E. Dorion, V Enfant Terrible, obtained a seat in Brome county and permanently settled in that county at Knowlton. In 1867, on the death of V Enfant Terrible (the then member for Drummond and Arthabaska j, shortly before confederation, Mr. Hemming was in\-ited by a large num- ber of the electors to become a candidate for the Quebec legislature under confedera- tion, and although he was opposed by the late Judge Dorion la l^rother of V Enfant Terrible ). on the Liberal side, and by N. Hebert, as a French Conservative, he had a majority over both candidates combined, and stood at the head of the j^oU with nearly two hundred majority, and this, notwithstanding that the constituency was five-sixths French. During that parliament he took a prominent part in inaugurating the railway fever of that time and the gov- ernment policy of subsidizing the railways consequent thereon. He obtained a charter for what is now the northern branch of the South Ea.stern Railway, nnder the then name of the Richelieu. Drummond and Arthabaska River Railway, one hundred miles in length; successfully (for every (me but himself) jjromoted the scheme and con- structed the road, was elected ])resident of the company and gave to L. A. Senecal the first railway contract he ever had. and finally transferred the road to the South Eastern Company on certain conditions which, we regret to say, were never fully carried out. He also greatly developed the two counties h\ o2)ening uj) colonization roads: and took an active part in revising the municipal code. During this time he was elected ])re- sident of the Agricultural Society of the county of Drununond. Xo. 1. and held the ofKce until the society was constitute exulted over the ])ossessi(m of that book ! Every spare moment was thenceforth devoted to studv, and with some assistance that he "ot from Ephraim Patterson, who was then studying for the church, he made pretty rapid progress. This intercourse "with Pat- terson had induced in him a desire to study for the Church of England ministry. He talked the matter over with the late Rev. Michael Harris, and on a confirmation visit to Perth, he had an interview with Bishop Strachan on the subject. They both ap- j^roved his decision, and while offering words of encouragement, pointed out the great difficulties that would have to be overcome, the subjects that would require to be studied and mastered before he could take a college degree and qualify for holy orders. No- thing daunted, the young man determined to persevere — what others had done he could do — it was only a question of time. He now reduced his course of studies to a sys- tem. He had to work ton hours a day in the printing office to support himself ; so he rose at four o'clock in the morning, win- ter and summer, and studied Greek till six, when work commenced at type-sotting. Of the breakfast hour and dinner hour he de- voted forty minutes of each to the study of Euclid. From seven till ten p.m. was de- voted to the study of Latin. Of course, his health occasionally broke down under this severe strain and compelled a short cessation, but only to be resumed again. Kingston was the seat of government when young Rico went there the second time and got w(jrk in the News office. Parliament opened in the fall, and Dr. Barker, of the British Witicj, secured the contract for the government printing ; and as he offered higher Avages than the News Avas paying, young Rico entered the Whitj office on the parliamentary work. Lord Metcalfe was governor at the time, and quarrelled with his ministers (Baldwin, Lafontaine, Rolph, etc.), on the (juestion of responsible gov- ernment. The ministry resigned, parliament was dissolved, the work in the Whiij olfice stopped, and a lot of journeyman printers, young Rico among the rest, were thrown out of work, and he curgh ; and his mother, Margaret, eldest daughter of William Darling, also a mer- chant in Edinburgh. Mr. Taylor, jr., was educated at ]3rivate schools in his natiA'e city, and received a sound mercantile edu- cation. His father dieil when he Avas about ton years of age. and on tlie death of his mother in the s])ring of iSGo he. along Avith his brotlier William ( now a merchant in Toronto ). arrived in Montreal. Until 1872 he held posit icms in seA'eral of the leading hardAvare houses there. A^iien he purchased the hardAvare business in Perth, county of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 79 Lianark, which he is now successfully carry- ing on. Mr. Taylor, for six years, belonged to the Victoria Rifles, Montreal, and served with his corps at Huntingdon, Quebec pro- vince, during the Fenian troubles of 1866. In politics Mr. Taylor is a Reformer ; and in religion an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He was married, in Montreal, on the 5th Novemljer, 1868, to Sarah A., eldest daughter of Rev. Samuel Massey, and has a family of seven children, five daughters and two sons. ]TIilli;fHii, Rev. George jWaobelli, B.A., Pastor of Old St. Andrew's Presby- terian Church, Toronto. This rising and popular divine was bom at Wick, Caithness- shire, Scotland, on the 11th of August. 1841, and when a mere lad came to Canada, and shortly after his arrival the family made Kingston their home. His parents were William Milligan and Catharine Macbeth. George received the first rudiments of his education at Pulteney Academy, Wick, and for some time after his arrival in this coun- try he devoted himself to mechanical pur- suits, but finding his inclinations lay in another direction, resolved to educate him- self for the ministry, and with this object in \'iew he entered Queen's College. King- ston, and from this seat of learning he graduated in 1862, taking the first j^lace in all his classes, and highest honours as a B.A. On the 4th of February. 1868. he was ordained to the ministry, and his first charge was at English Settlement, about fourteen miles distant from London, Ontario, and in this charge he remained until July. 1869. when he was called to Detroit. Here he laljoured until the fall of 1876, doing good work for the Master, and making for him- self many friends in the church, which in a great degree was built up under his pas- torate. In 1876 Old St. Andrew's Church, Toronto, was without a pastor, and the members invited the young preacher to cast in his lot with them. He therefore left De- troit and came to Toronto, and in October of that year he took charge of the congre- gation. At this time Old St. Andrew's Church was in a weak condition, the greater part of its members ha\-ing left the old building and gone with the Rev. Mr. Mac- donnell, who for several years had preached in it, to the new St. AndreAv's Church, erected on the comer of King and Simcoe streets. Therefore Mr. Milligan had a hard task be- fore him, but he resolved to do his best to keep together the members that remained in the old church edifice, which was situ- ated on the comer of Church and Adelaide streets. At this time the membership) only niimbered forty-eight persons, l)ut he went to work, and in a very short time enthused his people to such an extent — the member- ship and congregation having considerably increased in the meantime — that they re- solved to abandon the old building and erect a more handsome one on the corner of JarAis and Carlton streets, which was soon done, and the Rev. Mr. Milligan had the satisfaction of taking possession of the new pulpit in March, 1878. Since then every- thing has progressed most satisfactorily, and he can now boast of haA'ing one of the largest and most influential congregations in the city. Its present membership is .500, and last year the congregation raised, for all purposes, -815,000. But Rev. Mr. Milli- gan did not confine himself entirely to his duties as pastor. He found the Ministerial Association in a very languid condition, and he resolved to raise it to more vigorous action. He was elected its president dur- ing the second year of its existence, and under his presidency it began to be recog- nised as a power for good in the community, and to-day it exerts an influence far beyond its narrow city bounds. He has also been connected in Toronto with various other public associations, such as temperance, and that for the suppression of crime. He ; was for years one of the examiners in con- ! nection with the intermediate examinations ; i has been iuA^ited by the trustees of Queen's '■ College, Kingston, to Ijecome lecturer on Church history : and for a long time has f)ecupied a position in the Senate of Knox I College, and taken a prominent ]3art as an examiner in the same institution. During the election campaign in Ontario, in 1886, he took a prominent part in the discussion then raging with regard to Roman Catholic interference in the Central prison, and in educational matters in our pul^lic schools, and helped to clear the atmosj^here. to a considerable degree, of the fog some of our politicians attempted to introduce into the controversy. Rev. Mr. Milligan, though a busy man, often finds time to communicate his thoughts through the columns of the newspapers and magazines, and a short time ago the Executive committee of the Foreign Mission Board of his church in- duced him to write a series of letters to the 80 .4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF Globe on the foreign mission work of the Presbyterian Church, which attracted con- siderable attention at the time. Several of his sermons have been published, and have been well received, and his articles on scien- tific and ecclesiastical snlijects in the maga- zines always find readers. During his summer vacations he frequently visits Bri- tain. In 1881 he made an extensive tour through Europe, first visiting Britain, and penetrating as far north as John o' Groat's, which, by the way. is not very far from where he was born, and then travelled through France from Diejajie to Marseilles, along the shores of the Mediterranean j through Cannes to Geneva, where he re- \ mained some time, and afterwards visited j Paris, Pisa, Florence. Venice and Milan, j While on this trip he took cojjious notes of ^ what he saw, and afterwards embodied them in a course of lectures which he delivered j in Toronto, and other places in Ontario, to large and appreciative audiences. He is also familiar Avith the greater portion of the i Dominion from Prince Edward Island to j Calgary in the North- West Territory. Rev. | Mr. Milligan, it is needless to say, has been from his youth up a Presbyterian, and is \ conservative in some of his views on theo- \ logy ; yet he is in deep sympathy with many of the other branches of the Christian church. On the 19th November, 1867, he was married to Harriet Eunice Bowse, of Bath. Ontario. This lady is descended i from the IT. E. loyalists, who settled on the Bay of Quinte', and her grandfather was one of the elders of the Eev. Mr. McDowell, the founder of Presbyterianism in Western Can- ada. The fruit of the union is one son and three daughters. Wilion, Rev. Robert, St. John. New BrunsAvick, was born (m the 18th of Febru- ary. 1833, in Fort George, Scotland. His father, Peter Wilson. Avas a sergeant in the 93rd Highlanders, and saw service during the reigns of Kings (ieorge r\"., William r\'^., and Queen Victoria. He came to Can- ada with his regiment preAious to the re- bellion of 1837-38. and helped as a true British soldier to sujj^Jress it. At Toronto. in 1841. he got his di.scharge. and then went to Prince EdAvard Island. Avhere he resided until his eleatL. He was for many years a Methodist local preacher, and died on the 24th of Aj^ril. 1883, Robert received his educational training at the puljlic school. New GlaspfOAv Road, and at the Central Academy, Charlottetown (now the Prince of Wales College). After leaA-ing school he adopted the profession of teacher, and taught a district school for some years. Diiring this time, and since, he has taken an active j^art in everything that has a ten- dency to elevate his felloAv man — politics, temj^erance, and religion. He Avas foremost in the advocacy of the confederation of the proA'inces. using the platform and the press in its advocacy : of temj^erance. in divisions and the lodge-room, having held the position of W. P. in the Sons of Temperance, and W. C. and chaplain in the Order of Good Templars ; and of religion by his pulpit min- i^trations and practical Christian life. Eev. Mr. Wilson is a warm advocate of Imperial federation, haA-ing been one of the first, if not the very first, in the Maritime provinces to press it upon the puVjhc attention. As a AATiter and lecturer on secular sul)jects he occupies a front position. His lectures rank high as thoughtful literary efforts, and his sermons are generally admired. In short, there is no minister of any denomination down by the sea AA"ho has more friends within and beyond his oastl church, or A\-ho so frequently and cheerfully responds to the calls of lecture committees. In politics. Mr. Wilson is a Liberal-Conservative, and had editorial charge of The Xeir Brunsirick Exporter, of The Albert County Advocate, and TJie Maple Leaf. He has also for years been a regular contributor to several newspapers. He has written and jiublished several books, among others. '■ Tried but True." 300 j^ages ; and " NeA-er GiA-e Up,"' 300 pages ( works Avell spoken of by the provincial press), besides, '' Judea and the Jews." "British North America." and "Bri- tain among the Nations." in pamphlet form. He has travelled extensively through Can- ada, New England, and as a Dominion im- migration agent in Great Britain. Mr. Wilson Avas l^rought up in the faith of the Kirk of Scotland, but since 1851 he has been connected with the Methodist church. He entered the ministry in 1853, and has been chairman of the Sackville and St. John districts of the Ncav Brunswick Con- ference, Secretary of the conference for five sessions, and fin^^t delegate in the General conference held in Toronto in 1886. He was strrmgly opposed to the l)asis of union by which the various Methodist l)odies were made one. especially to the general super- intendencv, because of its tendencies to Pre- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 81 lacy, and its curtailment of the j^rivileges of the Annual conference. He believed in the unification of the non-Episcopal Meth- odist churches, but thought it wiser to al- low the Episcopal to work out their destiny in their ow-n way. than to grant the eon- cession demanded, which meant the com- plete revolutionizing of the Wesleyan econ- omy. Rev. Mr. Wilson was married on the 7th of February, 18.56. to Mary Anne Lane, daughter of William Ford, Prince Edward Island, formerly of Pang's Ash, Devonshire, England. The fruit of this marriage is five daughters and one son. The latter, Albert Edward, is an officer in the i^ostal service at Fredericton, New Brunswick. We may add that the Rev. Mr. Wilson was elected president of the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Conference in June. 1S87. \Valii8. Mr. Hall continued the luisincss. In October. 1875. he formed a ])artnershi]) with Edward Elliott, under the name of Hall and EUiott: but this arrangement only continued until October, 1878, when Mr. Elliott retired. In April, 1885, he took J. W. Berryman into partnership, but this partner dying in November. 1885. he once more conducts the lousiness on his oAvn account. Mr. Hall was made a Mason in True Britains" lodge. No. 12. A. F. and A. M.. in April. 1872. He is one of the charter members of Perth lodge. No. 190. A.O.U.W., and was elected master this year (1887 ). Mr. Hall has taken a deep interest in educational matters, and was elected a High School tru.stee in 1870. He has been a member of the Board of Edu- cation of Perth .since 1870, and is now chairman of that board. He has also taken an interest in municipal matters, and oc- cupied a seat in the town coimcil in 1873. 1874. 1875 and 1876. and was mavor of Perth in 1881 and 1882. Mr. Hall has always ])een a Conservative in politics : and in religion he belongs to the Episcopal denomination. He is married to Harriet Frances, daughter of Lewis Dunham, a descendant of a U. E. loyalist who settled near Maitland. Wild, Rev. Joseph, M.A.. D.D.. Pas- tor of Bond street Congregational Church, Toronto, was born at Summit. Littleborough, Lancastershire. England, on the 16tli of November. 1834. He was the youngest of five children. His father. Joseph Wild, was one of the l)est of men — a thorough practical Christian, who was respected by all classes of the community in which he lived. It was a notable fact that no one passed from time to eternity withf)ut the prayers of Jose])h Wild first being sought, and no funeral Avas considered complete without his being ])resent at the ceremony. He dressed ])lainly. folloAving the style of Bourne and Clowes, and other noted found- ers of the Primitive Methodist church. In manner he was simple, easily approached, kind, sympathetic, generous, and alTection- ate. His greatest concern seemed to be for children and aged peo])le. and on all occasions he had akindAvord to say to them as he pa.s.sed through the streets orfrcmi his home to the chapel. As a preacher he was plain and conversational, his object seeming to be to show the Ijest and nearest way to Heaven Avithout the interjjfjsition of too many .stiles. When he died his funeral was the largest ever seen in the village, and to this day his memory is revered. Bev. Dr. Wild's mother was a kind and quiet woman CA NAD I A N BIOGRAPH i '. 83 and lived to do her duty to God and her household, set her children a good example, and died in the favour and affection of her neighbours and kinsfolk. Coining from STich a stock, we need not wonder that the doctor should now possess such a power in the pulpit and among the people. At an early age he began to earn a livelihood, and was a2)prenticed to the business of iron moulder and machinist. It is perhaps in consequence of the knowledge acquired in the worksho}) that he is now enabled to give occasionally such plain and practical illus- trations, as the following will show: While he resided in Belleville, a fire having broken out, the fire engine would not work, and every one in the neighbourhood got alarmed and feared an explosion of steam — even the engineer deserted his post, and left the machine to its fate. The doctor, however, felt no alarm, and going to the engine made an examination and found that the piston rod had stuck, and at once put it to rights amidst the ap])lause of the multitude, and for this the mayor and c(jrporation j^assed him a hearty vote of thanks. Rev. Dr. Wild, although he had not all the educational advantages the young people of this coun- try have, yet he was always considered sharp and intelligent, and when first licensed as a local preacher, was able to give the people something worth listening to. He was 2^ossessed of indomitaljle perseverance, and early adojjted the motto, "What man has done, man can do again." Possessed of an active brain, (|uick j^erception, a strong physical constitution, and a warm heart, England became too contracted for him, and he felt that Canada alone would be sufficient to satisfy his wishes and desires for thorough usefulness in the cause of God and hiimanity. Therefore, in 1855 he left fatherland, and made his home among strangers. Few men have landed in America under more unfavourable circumstances. He had no friends to meet him, and very little money in his jiocket when he landed in New York. Shortly after his arrival he started on a tramp through some of the western and southern states, and having satisfied his curiosity with regard to those jjlaces, he resolved to see what Canada was like, and visit some friends who had lately arrived from the old country. With this desire he started, and soon reached the country of his successes and his triumphs. Here he be- came the subject of impressions convincing I in their tendency, that it was his dutv to j thoroughly consecrate himself to the work j of the ministry, and from that time he re- I solved to devote himself to the preaching of the gospel. He was deuominationallv connected \\i\\\ the Methodist E})isco])al i Church in Canada, and received from it his I first station in the city of Hamilton. After j havmg served about a year in this jjlace. I he began to feel the great importance of i the "high calling" — wished to be a minis- I tei- of power. •• rightly dividing the word of I truth." and believed that God's work was a ; grand work calling for good, holy, and edu- I cated men Being poor, he had not the I means at his disposal to enable him to carrv ! out his aspirations, but a friend kindly , aided with money. He then made all the j necessary arrangements, and went to the Boston Theological In.stitute, where he re- ! maiued several years, and C()mj)leted his i course of literary, classical, and theological studies, graduating from that institution. j On lea\-ing college, he made arrangements I to enter the Methodist church. South, but I in consequence of the breaking out of the ! southern rebellion he was forced to abandon j the idea. He then returned to Canada, and 1 after having preached at Goderich for a year, he sailed for Europe.determiiied to gather up information from the various learned in- stitutes of the eastern continent, and there- by prepare himself for a wider sphere of usefulness. In England, after his return j there, he lectured and jjreached on many I occasions, and was a wonder to the friend's j who had known him before he went to j America. On his return from Europe, he received a station at Ortmo, where he preached for two years, and from this place he moved to Belleville, the seat of Albert University, where he remained about eight years. At this time the Genesee College conferred upon him the degree of M.A.. and the Ohio Weslevan Universitv that of D.D. While stationed at Belleville. Rev. Dr. Wild did doulile work, acting as pastor of the Methodist Church and professor of Oriental languages in the university. At the time he went to Belleville the univeisitA' was greatly emljarrassed for want of funds, but he undertook the position of treasurer, and through preaching and lecturing suc- ceeded in ra'siug .$'20,000, and put the in- stitution on a firm footing. During the years he Avas engaged at this wt)rk he refused to take one cent as renumeration for his ser- 84 .4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF vices as professor or treasurer. Belle%-ille to this day remembers him with pride, and the jjoor of the phice with gratitude for the many kindnesses he showed them while he went in and out among them. Too close application to his many duties, and the loss of his valuable library and manuscripts by fire, wrought hea\-ily on his mind, and he resolved to leave Belle^•ille and re-\isit Europe. In 1872, while preparing to leave, he was a]:)p()inted a delegate from the Church in Canada to the conference of the Method- ist church of the United States, which was to be held in the city of Brooklyn the same year. While attending this conference the doctor was in^-ited to preach in the Seventh avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, and having done so, the congregation decided on giving him a call, which he accepted. Having served them three years, he then ac- cepted a call from the Union Congregational Church, remaining with them for nearly six vears. During the years he occupied the Brooklyn pulpit he Avas honoured -with over- flowing congregations. In 1880 he was m- \-ited to take charge of the Congregational Church, Bond street. Toronto, and decided once more on making Canada his home. "When the Rev. Dr. Wild took charge of this work the congregation was small, an im- mense debt was on the handsome edifice which graces the corner of Bond street and Wilton avenue, and things generally wore a very discouraging as])ect. l)ut he had no sooner put himself at the head of affairs than a new impulse was given, and to-day it is one of the most thri-viug churches in Toronto — ha^-ing a membership of nearly ei^ht hundred, about a thousand seat-hold- ers, the Sunday night congregations num- bering (^ften three thousand souls, and the deV)t on the sacred edifice reduced to a min- imum. Without doubt the Rev. ])r. Wild is the most po])ular preacher at this moment in the Queen City of the West, and it is Avonderful how he succeeds in holding the attention of the great numbers of ])e()])le who come to hear him. The grand secTct. however, is that the doctor never enters his pulpit unpre])ared. He honours his aud- ience by refusing to foist on tliem a sub- ject at' hap-hazard. Ilis very tread hi- dicates confidence in his ])reparations. and his voice and gesture indicate the force of his own convictions u]}on himself. Rev. Dr. Wild is a little above the medium liei.f^ht, is very strongly f)uilt, has an erect and dignified carriage. His face is a re- markable one, and his features easily play to the run of his thoughts. He has a large brain, and a high and ])rominent forehead, and Avith his hair worn long and his flow- ing whiskers, he presents the picture of a man of careful thought and great ])hysical endurance. He loves his friends, and is most kind, free and open to all, and, it may be add- ed, he is the friend of all and enemy of none. lielly, TlioiiiaM, Judge of the County Court of Prince county, Summerside. Prince Edward Island. His Honour Judge Kelly is of Irish parentage, and was born at Cove- head, in Queens county. Prince Edward Island, in 1833. His parents were Thomas Kelly and Mary Grace, who emigrated from the county of Kilkenny, Ireland, about the year 1824. Judge Kelly received his edu- cation in the old Central Academy of his native place, and at St. Dunstan's College, Charlottetown, and pursued his law studies with His Honour Juge Watters, in St. John. He was called to the XeAv Brunswick bar in Trinity term, 1865, and to that of Prince Edward Island the same year, and imme- diately thereafter began the practice of his ])rofession as barrister and notary public at Summerside. where he has since resided. While a law student, he was for two years ])resident of the Irish Friendly Society of St. John, N.B. Before accepting a position on the bench. Judge Kelly for many years took an active interest in the politics of his native 2:)ro\-ince. especially in connection with the party controversies arising out of the education, railway, and confederation questions, as they existed in Prince Edward Island. He Avas tA^-ice elected a represent- ative from Prince county to the Island legis- lature. In 1870 he was appointed a master in Chancery, and in 1871. a Railway com- missioner, to which office he Avas again elected in 1872, but resigned it a fcAv AA'eeks subsecpient to the overthroAV of the Pope administration. In 1873 he was offered the chairmanship of the Railway board, and in 1874 the speakershi]5 of the House of As- sem})ly. ])oth of Avhich positions he declined in conseciuence of a misunderstanding on the school (juestion. In 187(1 he retired tem])orarily from ])ublic life : but in a couple of years tiiereafter he again entered it. and in 1S71) Avas an unsiiccessful can- didate for the legislature, at the general election of that year. For several years Judi'e Kellv Avas a director of the Summer- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. side Bank, and afterwards became solicitor for that institution. He was elected license commissioner in 1877, and the same year was chosen recorder for the town of Snm- merside. He is a commissioner for Quebec. Nova Scotia, NeAv Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, for taking affidavits for use in those proA^nces, and is also commissioner dedimus to administer oaths of office to Dominion appointees. He was appointed to the bench, as successor to the late Judge Pope, on the 24th October, 1879. and re\-is- ing officer under the Electoral Franchise Act on the 26th October. 1886. Judge Kelly is a Roman Catholic, and was mar- ried, first, in September. 1867. to Mary Emeline. daughter of Henry Eskildson. of New York (she died October, 1868 ) ; and, secondly, in November. 1871, to Marianne H., daughter of the late William A. Camp- bell, barrister. Toronto, Ontario. Judge Kelly's family consists of four children — one boy and three girls. Redely, Joliii,M.D.— This distinguish- ed medical man, who successfully practised his profession in Montreal for over thirty years, was born on the 31st of March. 1822. at Athlone, county of Roscommon. Ireland, and died on the 23rd of January. 1881. In accordance with the custom of that day. he was apprenticed to a local surgeon in the year 1839. and remained with him until 1842. In April. 1847, he appeared before the Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, and received their license in April of that year. O^ving to some demands which he considered unreasonable, he would not go up for the degree in Duljlin. but preferred crossing to Glasgow, at which university he received the degree of M.D. in 1848. It was now the intention of Dr. Reddy to enter upon the career of an army surgeon, and he was actually gazetted to a commission in the line. His regiment was just at this time, however, ordered to the Gold Coast for service ; and the young surgeon l:)e- lieving that he had not been born only to fill a premature grave in that most un- healthy station, at once resigned. He then for a short time held some disj^ensary aj^- ' pointments in Ireland, and came to Canada in 1851. Through the influence of some friends in Montreal he had been appointed house surgeon of the Montreal General Hospital, and immediately entered upon the duties of that office. He remained in the hospital for three years, fulfilling the responsibilities of this jjosition to the great satisfaction of the then medical officers, Drs. Cra^vford, Arnoldi, Jones, and others, and on leaving the hospital, he began pri- vate j^ractice in the city. The year 1854 will be remembered as the last during which a severe epidemic of Asiatic cholera swept over this country. Dr. Reddy at once de- voted himself with unremitting attention to the care of the many sufferers who were falling on every hand. His unvarying kindness to his patients, his cheerfid, warm- hearted Irish manners, his already consid- erable skill and experience soon led to his finding himself surrounded by a large and daily increasing clientele. During Dr. Reddy' s thirty years' practice of his pro- fession in Montreal, his perseverance and assiduity knew no rest ; he was constantly and busily employed from morning tiU night, and very often from night till morn- ing, until 1883, to the regret of his many friends, it was observed that his health was l)eginuing to fail. He went to Europe for change of air. and the much needed rest, l)ut unfortunately no return to health was to come to him, and he died in Dublin on the 23rd of January, 1884. Dr. Reddy held many offices of the highest trust and honour in this community. In 1856 he was ap- pointed one of the attending physicians of the Montreal General Hos})ital, which post he held until he retired upon the consulting board. In 185(5 he received the degree of M.D. ad eundeyn from McGill College, and for many years served as representative fellow in medicine in the corjooratum of that university. He was a constant attendant at the meetings of the Medico-Chirurgical Society and was elected 25resident, and he was a long-service officer in the volunteer militia, ha\Tng been surgeon of the Mon- treal Garrison Artillery. His was a quiet, unostentatious, busy, blameless life. His high moral character and strict profes.sioual integrity, his broad benevolence and uni- versal goodness of heart, with kind and obliging manners, procured for Dr. Reddy the respect and esteem of all his professional friends and conf7'eres, his numerous j^atients, and the general community. His memory will long be cherished and his character and good deeds held in warm remembrance. He was married on the 1st July, 1851, to Jane Fleming, daughter of William Fleming, of Cloondra, county Longford, Ireland, and when he died he left six children, three sons 86 .1 CYCLOPEDIA OF })ud three daughters, the eldest of whom. H. L. Reddy. B.A.. M.D.C.M.. L.R.C.P., London : L.S.A.. Loudon ; L.R.C.S., Edm- burgh; professor of obstetrics in the medi- cal faculty. Bisho])*s College University, physician accoucheiir to the Western Hos- pital, Montreal, succeeds him in his 2)ractice. His second son, William B. S. Eeddy, B.O.L., is a notary jMiblic practising in Montreal. Harri!<, CliriKtoplier Prince, Mer- chant. Moncton. New J3n;nswick. was born at Moncton. count v of Westmoreland, New Brunswick, on the*29th of May, 1837. He is the third son of Michael Spurr Harris and Sarah Ann Troop. Mr. Harris, jr., re- ceived his ediication in his native town ; and for the past thirty years has been a member of the firm of J. tt C. Harris, gen- era] merchants. In 1877 he took an active part with his brother and partner, J. L. Harris, and others, in organizing the Monc- ton Gaslight and Water Company, and also in the construction of the works. He has held the position of a director and also treasurer of the company until the present time. In 1880 he took a similar part in the organization and erection of the works of theM(mcton Sugar Refining Comjiany. and has been its treasurer ever since. In 1882 he helped to ])romote the Moncton Cotton Manufacturing Company, and the construc- tion of its works, and is now one of its lead- ing directors. Although a busy mercantile man. he has found time to devote some of his leisure to Masonry, and has been con- nected with the order for over twenty-one years. He is a past-master and honorary member of Keith lodge ; past-principal Z of Botsford Royal Arch Chapter; a member of the Union ])e Molay Commandery, of St. John. New BrunsAWck, and also of other Masonic orders. In religion Mr. Harris is an adherent of the Reformed Episco})al church: and in politics a Liberal-Conserva- tive. He was married on the 8th of Octo- ber. 1S07, to Mary Laudon Cowling, eldest daughter of Eben Landon Cowling, ju.stice of the])eace. Mr. Harris is a live l^u.siness man. and has a bright future before him lt('<-k Willi, A4i4>i|>liii« <;<'<»ra:c. Civil KngiiKH'r. Fredericton. New l^runs- wick, was born at Fredericton. on Decem- ber 28th. is:',;). His parents were the late Hon. .b.lui A. lieckwith. M.L.C.. and Maria A. H..ck\vit}i. ( See sketch life of Hem. Mr. Jicckwitli, in another part of this volume. ) ]Mr. iuH-kwith was educated at the ('olleijri- ate School, Fredericton, and took a partial course at King's College (now University of New Brunswick), where he studied civil engineering, and received his diploma from Professor Thomas Cregan. He joined the volunteers as a private on their first forma- tion in Fredericton, in 1858, was gazetted ensign in 1st York Battalion, under Lieut.- Colonel Minchin, in 1861, was lieiitenant in 1863, and captain in 1867. He was ap- pointed adjutant of the 71st York Battalion in 1867, and held that position, with the rank of major, from July, 1876, until the retirement of Ca])t. J. W. Smith, paymaster, in 1881, when he exchanged to the })osition of 2:)aymaster, which he now holds. He holds first and second class certificates from the School of Instruction. Mr. Beckwith is a deputy surveyor of CroA^Ti Lands, and was draughtsman in the Crown Lands office from 1866 to 1871, when he was ap- pointed engineer of Public Works, which ])osition he now holds. He performed the duties of Provincial government engineer for two or three years, in addition to his other works. Is at present City engineer of Fredericton. He joined the Free Masons in 1861, in Solomcm's lodge. No. 764, E.R., was master of the lodge in 18(i5. and secre- tary of the same, and Hiram lodge. No. 6, N.B.R., for ten years, and on retiring from that office, was presented with a handsome jiiece of plate by the members. He is also a frater of the encamjjment of Knights Tem- plar of St. John ; a past grand senior dea- con of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick, A. F. tt A. M. Mr. Beckwith has travelled throughout Canada, the United States anti Europe. He is a member of the Church of England. He ^vas married at Brooklyn (New York), in 1865. to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of the late M. B. Marckwald, a merchant of New York. He has only one child li\ang — l^'reeman Beiton. who is in an office in New York. ^»iillicrlaii4l, Rev. Alexander, I).])., Toronto. No man is more widely kncmai throughout this Dominion as an able ]n-eacher. a keen del)ater, a leader in the church courts of his o'mi dencmiination, and a man of general sympathies and infiuence in the community, than the subject of this sketch. And his high ])osition he owes to no favouritism of friends or fortune, but, under (io;l, to tlie native al)ilities which his stnmg will and consecrated heart have guided into channels ol "general usefulness. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 87 Alexander Sutherland was born in the township of Giielph, Ontario. September 17th. 1833. His father was Captain Nicho- las Sutherland, born in Dundee. Scotland ; and his mother. Mary Henderson, a native of Port Glasgow. The family settled in the township of Guelph in 1832. Amid the hardshij^s of pioneer life, opportunities for scholarships were few, and the now learned doctor's early education was con- fined to a few terms in abackwood's school. His good Scotch parents, however, early planted within him a love of learning, and that process of self- culture was begun which has continued through life. As a child he "was able to read fluently before ever going to school. When he was nine years of age his father died ; and, at thirteen years of age, he was forced to leave home and earn his own living. For seven years he was a printer, and during those years, as indeed from earliest boyhood, he read with a^adity whatever came in his way. Thus were those stores of information accumulated which have helped to make their ]:)ossessor a ready speaker and a formidable o})ponent on so many diverse subjects and occasions. When about sixteen years f)ld he became ■connected with a Methodist Sunday-school, and also with temperance organizations, in which he was repeatedly j^residing officer. ^' The child "' was indeed '' father of the man." In his nineteenth year he was con- verted and became a member of the Metho- dist church. His ability soon displayed itself in connection with the class-meeting and other services of the church, and ])efore long he was licensed as an •• exhorter " and then as a "local preacher." In the year 1855 there was ixrgent demand for ministers in the Methodist church, and Alexander Sutherland was persuaded to go out "under the chairman," Rev. L. Warner. He was sent to Clinton, at that time an old-fashioned circuit, thirty miles in length l\v perhaps eighteen in width, including about twenty preaching ser\"ices every month. Travel- ling such an extensive round, preaching so frequently, and at the same time pursuing the Conference course of study requisite before ordination, the young preacher found written preparatiim for the pnl]iit impossi- ble, but gained in this hard practical school of oratory an invaluable training in extem- pore utterance. The next two years were spent on the Berlin circuit. In 1858, young Sutherland enjoyed one year of college training at Victoria College, Cobourg. In 1859 he was received into full connection Avith the Conference and ordained. In June of the same year he was married to Mary •Jane, eldest daughter of Hugh Moore, of Dundas. Of this happy union four sons and three daughters have been the issue. Of the sons, two died in early boyhood. After his marriage, ])r. Sutherland's pastoral charges were in order — Niagara, Thorold, Drummondville, Hamilton. Yorkville, Rich- mond street, Toronto, and St. James street, Montreal. During his Residence in Toronto he took a very active and efficient part in Sunday-school and temperance work. For some time he was president of the Ontario Temperance and Prohibitory League. His temperance sermons and other efforts in behalf of this cause will not be soon forgot- ten by those who came under their influ- ence. In 1869 he was elected secretary of Conference, and was re-elected the following year. In 1871 he was appointed, with the Rev. Dr. Sanderson, fraternal delegate to the General C(mference of the Methodist Episcojsal Church, in the United States, which met in Brooklyn in 1872. On this occasion, and on all similar occasions. Dr. Sutherland has done great credit to liis church and to his country. In 1873 he Avas appointed pastor of the St. James street Church. Montreal, and at the Con- ference of 1874 was elected chairman of the Montreal district. But the M ntreal pastorate was brief. At the first General Conference of the Methodist church of Canada, Septeml)er, 1874, Dr. Sutherland was elected general secretary and clerical treasurer of the Missionary Society, as suc- cessor to the Rev. Lachlin Taylor, D.D. This is one of the highest honours in the gift of the Methodist church ; the office is one of arduous toil, but affords scope for high abilities. Since that day. Dr. Suther- land has travelled from Newfoundland and the Bermudas to British Columbia, super- intending the missionary Avork and stimu- lating the missionary zeal of the Methodist church ; has for seA'eral years pulilished that admirable mis.sionary journal The Min- sio)uiry Outlook, and has succeeded in in- creasing the annual income of the society from .$118,000 to nearly .9200.000. The increased labours of his office liaA^e not pre- vented the missionary secretary from taking an actiA'e interest in all the enter2:)rises of the church, and his voice has rung out 88 A CYCLOPEDIA OF clear and loud on every great question that has recently agitated the Methodist eom- mnnitv. To him more than to any other man does the church o^ve the success of that mighty movement which culminated in 1888 in theunion of all branches of Method- ism in this dominion. With tongue and pen he elocjuently, earnestly and constantly j)leaded for consolidation ; and. Avhen all seemed hanging in the balance, his admir- able generalshi]) and eloquence in the mem- orable Union debate in the Toronto Confer- ence, Peterl)orongh, June, 1883, constrained A-ictory to the union side. To have played such a part at such a crisis is no mean claim to grateful and unfading memory. In 1882 Dr. Sutherland -n-as elected president of the Toronto Conference, and again in 1884. In 1881 he was one of the Canadian representatives at the great Methodist Ecu- menical Conference. London. England, and was made one of the joint secretaries of that aiigust body. In 188G he was appointed fraternal delegate to the British Wesleyan Conference, in ])lace of Rev. Dr. Rice, gen- eral superintendent, deceased. Dr. Suther- land's literary acti\dty has been, so far, confined to newspaper and magazine arti- cles and brief pamphlets on questions of the day. His incisive style, his permeating humour, his wide information, his keen in- sight, render his writing and his speakmg alike powerful. A man of immense energy, he has done much to mould the thought and guide the work of his church already, and bids fair to remain one of her most in- fluential leaders for years to come. In Mav. 1879. the University of Victoria College conferred upon him the Avell deserved de- gree of Doctor in Divinity. Beoku'illi. Il<»ii. Jolin AciolpliiiN. The late Hon. Mr. Reckwith was born at Fredericton, New Brunswick, on December 1st, 1800. and died Noveml)er 23rd. 1880. His father. Neheniiah BeckA^-ith. was a loyal- ist, settled in Fredericton, and built sloops in partnership with the celebrated Benedict Arnold, who, at that time, also resided in Fredericton. Nehemiah Beckwith was mar- ried at Fredericton, to Julie Louise Le- Brun, a daughter of Jean Bajrtiste LeBrun, barrister, and proctor at law, etc.. of Quebec. Miss LeBrun came to Fredericton from Quebec with the family of Sir Cuy Carle- ton, in the capacity of companion and French governess to Mi.ss Carleton. About 1813, Nehemiah Beckwith jjurchased a large tract of land in the suburbs of Mon- treal from Count du Chaillu (father of the great explorer and historian ), but his death very soon after, before the deeds were com- pleted, lost him the pro2:)erty and purchase money. This property is now a valuable part of the City of Montreal. Mrs. Beck- with (nee LeBrun ) was cousin to Cardinal Richelieu, and aunt to L'Abbe Farland, l^rofesscTxr d"Histoire,University Laval, Que- bec. Hon. John A. Beckwith was cousin to TAbbe Ferland. Hon. Mr. Beckwith commenced his studies in the old Frederic- ton Grammar School, and completed them in Montreal and Quebec, graduating as a surveyor and engineer. He was connected with the militia from early manhood, and was for some years in command of the 1st battalion York Militia. For several years he was deputy surveyor general, before responsible government, and was commis- sioner of the N. B. A: N. S. Land Company, from 1860 till his death. He served as mayor of Fredericton in 1863 and 1864, and represented York county in the local legislature from 1866 to 1873, holding the office of provincial secretary and receiver general from 1868 to 1873, when he was appointed to a seat in the Legislative Coun- cil. Mr. Beckwith ever took an active in- terest in the advance of agriculture, and was alwjiys one of the committee m ProAdn- cial exhibitions. He was at one time grand master of the Orange body of New Bruns- wick. In religious matters he was a mem- ber of the Church of England. He was first married in 1822. to Ann Jewett : and married a second time in 1837. to Maria Ann Berton. whose father, a son of a loyalist, was the first sheriff of Y'ork county. His second wife survived him fcmr years. ITIaofjirlane. TIioiiuik, Chief Analyst, Inland Revenue Department. Ottawa, On- tario, was born on the 5th March, 1834, at Pollokshaws, ])arish of EastAvood, coun- ty of Renfrew, Scotland. His father, Thomas Macfarlane, Avas a native of Pollokshaws, and his mother, Catherine, Avas born in the adjoining parish of Mearns. Mr. Macfar- lane, jr., was educated in PoUokshaAvs, at the Andersonian University. Olasgow", and at the Royal Mining School of Freiberg, in Saxony. In the latter school he studied chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, and geology. After leaving Freiberg in 1857, he traA-elled thrcmgh the Erzgebirge and Bo- hemia, and then went to NorwaA', as direc- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 89 tor of the Modum smelting works and Cobalt mines. During his stay in Norway he \-is- ited most of the southern jjart of that coun- try, including Eingerike. Nummedal. Thele- marken and Saetersdal. In 18(JU he emi- grated to Canada, and took charge of the Acton, and after^yards of the Alljert mine in the Eastern Townshij^s. province of Quebec. In 1865-6 Mr. Macfarlane became field-geo- logist under the late Sir "William Logan, and helped that illustrious gentleman on the geo- logical survey of Canada. In the vohune of geological reports i^ublished in 1866, Mr. Macfarlane supplies reports on Hastings county and the Lake Superior district. In 1868 he explored the Montreal Mining Com- pany's locations on Lake Superior, and was the discoverer of the celebrated Silver Islet mine. In 1871 he paid a visit to the mining districts of Colorado, Utah, and Nevada; and in 1873 he revisited England, and then travelled through Germany and Norway. On his return to Canada, in 1876, he visited Nova Scotia and Cape Breton ; also Ecuador and Peru, and published a descrijjtion of the latter journey under the title of •' To the Andes."' In 1879 he .spent six months smelt- ing in Lead\-ille, Colorado. In 1881, visited mining districts on the Lower Colorado and in Southern Utah, travelling from Fort Yu- ma to Salt Lake City. In 1884 he revi-sited England and Germany : and here we say. Mr. Macfarlane speaks the German. French and Danish languages fluently. In 1886 he was ai^pointed by the Dominion government chief analyst for Canada, and is now settled down at Ottawa. In 1882 he was appointed a member of the Royal Society. Canada, and elected president of the Chemical section in 1886. In 1885 he became a member of the Imperial Federation League, and in Febru- ary, 1886, and January. 1887, contributed articles to its "Journal." Mr. Macfarlane has devoted nearly all his life to science, and as a chemist, metallurgist, miner, and explorer, he stands very high. His scien- tific papers are numerous, and by referring to the pages of The Canadian NatiiraliHt, will be found there on : " Primitive Forma- tion in Norway," " Acton Copper Mine," " Eruptive Eocks," " Copper Extraction," " Production of Soda and Chlorine," •' Cojj- per-beds of Portage. Lake Michigan." " Ge- ological Formations of Lake Superior," "Silver Ore of Wood's Location." "Origin of Crystalline Eocks," " Canadian Geology." In the pages of " Transactions of the Insti- tute of Mining Engineers." papers on "Slag Densities," " Classification of Original Eocks," " Silver Islet." And some others in the " Proceedings of the Eoyal Society of Canada." Mr. Macfarlane was reared a Presbyterian in the U. P. Church of Scot- land, anvd while a young man adopted ma- terialistic views, but has since abandoned them, and is now a member of the Anglican church. He married in Sej^tember. 1858, Margaret Skelly, niece of Dr. John Litster, Pollokshaws. Scotland, and they have nine children, all living. Currej, I.emticl Allan, M.A.,Barris- ter-at-law, St. John, New Brunswick, was bom at Gagetown, Queens county, on 11th July, 1856. He belongs to a very ancient family, and one of the founders being the Earl Currey. who lived in the time of Crom- well, and owned large estates in Leeds and vicinity, England. His s( n, John Currey, was bom in Leeds in 1688, and came to the city of New York about the year 1700, where he married, and died young of an ej^idemic. leaving one son, Eichard Currey, who was ])orn 4th Novem- ber, 1709. Eichard married a lady of the name of Elizabeth Jones, and removed to Peekskill, on the Hudson, New York state, where he died on March 20. 1806. By this marriage there were three sons and seven daughters born. The eldest son was Joshua Currey. who married Eunice Travis at Peek- skill. At the breaking out of the Eevolu- tionary war. Joshua Currey sided with the liritish, but the rest of the family sympa- thised with the colonists. During these troublesome times Mr. Currey had several narrow escapes for his life. At one time he had to hide himself under the floor of his house to escape the fury of the revolution- ists, and his son David was nearly killed by them hj being buried in a sandpit. Joshua and his family managed to make good their escape, and, joining a l)and of loyalists, reached St. John, New Brunswick, in Oc- tober 2.3, 1783, where he remained one year, and then removed to Gagetoum, where he died in 1802. He left large estates in New York state, but he, however, succeeded in carrying away with him in his flight a large sum of money. He had a family of five sons and two daughters. His second son, Da'i'id Currey. who was born at Peekskill, April 27, 1767, died at Gagetown, August 12, 1827. This gentleman married Dorothy Estey, by whom he had twelve children, one 90 .4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF of whom. James Eobert Currey. wLkj was born in 1817, was the father ot the subject of our sketch, and was by profession a bar- rister in (xagetown, and registrar of pro- bates, and clerk of the Queens county court. His mother was Sarah Amelia, daughter of Reuben Hoben. Lemuel Allan Currey re- ceived his literary education at the Queens County (xrammar School, and at the Univer- sity of New J3runs\\'iek. where he graduated in 187<). with honours in the first di\'ision, taking a special prize for general profici- ency. After graduating he entered as a student-at-law 's^'ith liis father, with whom he studied till 1880. and during said period taught the Queens County Grammar School for two and a-half years. In 1880 he en- tered Harvard Law School, where he re- mained one year, taking a special course. He then entered the office of S. Alward, D.C.L., barriscer, St. John. Mr. Currey was admitted an attorney in 1882, and a barrister the follo"wing year. Since his en- rolment he has jiractised law at St. John. In 1878-4: he attended the Military School at Frederieton, and took a certificate. He is a member of the Young Men's Liljeral-Con- servative Club, of St. John, a member of St. George's Society, and belongs to Union lodge, of Portland. A.F. and A.M. In re- ligion he belongs to the Episcoj^al church, and in politics is a Conservative. Burwa^li, Rev. XatliHiiicI, S.T.D.. Professor of Biblical and Systematic Theo- logy, and Dean of the Faculty of Theology, Victoria University, Cobourg, Ontario, was born in Argenteuil, province of Quebec, on the 25th July, 1839. His father, Adam Burwash, was a descendant of an English family from Burwash, in Sussex: and his mother. Ann Taylor, was from Argvleshire, Scotland, and was the eldest sister of the late Bev. Lachlin Taylor, ]).!). His great grandfather was a United Em]iire loyalist. Nathaniel received his rudimentary educa- tion in the schools of his native place, and then entered Victoria University, where he took the. arts ci^urse, and gnuluated II A. in 1850. He then devoted his time for two years as a Public and (Grammar school teacher : and hi IMOO entered xho ministry of the Methodist church. From this vear to 1^!()() he filled the jxisition of ])astor in churches in Belleville, Toronto, and Hamil- ton. In LSOt) he left Canada for a time, and enter.'d Yale College. New Haven. U.S.. for the pnrposeof studying the natural sciences. and ha%'ing completed his course, he re- turned home in 1867, and was appointed professor of natural sciences in Victoria University, Cobourg. In 1873 he was pro- moted to the professorship of Bil)lical and Systematical Theology, and was also made dean of the faculty of theology in the same institution. This important j^osition he still occupies, and since his a])])ointment fully one-fith of the entire ministry of the several ^Vestern conferences of the ]\Iethodist church have been his students. Professor Burwash some years ago took an active in- terest in the Volunteer movement, and was one of those who risked his life at Eidge- way, in repelling the Fenian hordes who at- tempted to desecrate Canadian soil. He has travelled a good deal, and has visited several of the universities and educational institutions of Great Britain. France and Germany. The professor has not been an idle man, as the record of his life amply testifies, and to those who would like to per- use some of his literary productions, we recommend them to examine his works on : •' Nature. Genesis and Re.sults of Sin " ; "Relation of Childhood to the Fall, the Atonement and the Church"; "Wesley's Doctrinal Standards"; and his '"Commen- tary on Romans." On the 25th December, 1868, he was married to Margaret Proctor, only daughter of E. M. Proctor, registrar of Lambton, a graduate of the Ladies' College, Hamilton. t'lirrlo, .loliii Zebiilon. A.B., M.D., Arc. Frederictcm. New Bruns%\'ick, was born at Keswick, j^arish of Douglas, York coun- ty. New Bruns^^■ick, January 3. 1847. He is the second son of Thomas Gilbert and Patience Currie. Both parents behmged to old loyalist families. His father's family is descended from John Currie ( Currey ), who came from Leeds. Yorkshire. England, and settled in New York about a.d. 1700. At the outbreak of the American revolution, Joshua, a son of Richard, refusing to join the insurgents, escaped to the British army, served as a lieutenant in that force, and at the close of the war came to St. John, New lirunswick, with the fall fleet. He ]:)r()Ught tln-ee sons with him, of whom Richard, the eldest. ha\'ing married Barbara Dykeman, became the fnunder of this family in New Brunswick. Dr. Currie's mother is a daughter of the late Major Abraham Yerxa. who lived at Kes\\'ick, York county, N. B. Jdlm Yerxa. father of Abraham CAXADIAX BIOGRAPHY 91 Yerxa, came from Holland to New York, with liis parents, at the age of fourteen years. He was married to Katie Gerow. and throughoiit the American revolntionary war served as a vohmteer in the British army. At the close of the war he came to St. John, X. B., being a member of one of the two regiments that were disbanded and given lands in New Brunswick. When he came to St. John there was but one house where the city now stands. Sulisequently he settled upon lands on the Keswick stream. York county, and remained there until his death. Dr. Currie remained at Keswick until ab(5ut fifteen years of age, and received his preliminary education in the schools of his native parish. When in his sixteenth year he attended the Provincial Normal School in St. John, and at the close of the term of study there, received a second class teacher's certificate. In 18()4. he l)ecame a student at the Baptist Seminary. Frederic- ton, New Brunswick, where he remained two years. In Se])tember. 18(37, he matri- culated at the University of New Brunswick, and pursued the regular course of study there. During his undergraduate course at this institution he was the successfiil competitor for the scholarship in English Language and Literature, besides taking honours in this and other departments. Having comjaleted the course of study he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in June, 1870. He at once began the study of medicine, entering the medical de])art- ment of Harvard University, Boston, the same year. Having com])leted the regular course of study in this institution he re- ceived the degree of Doctor of Medicine (M.D.. Harvard) in 1873. At the same time he 2:)assed the required examination for, and was admitted a fellow of, the Massachusetts Medical Society. He then went to Scotland to complete his jjrofes- sional studies, and matriculated at the Uni- versity of Edin])urgh. and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Edinburgh. At the com])letion of the course in the Uni- versity of Edinburgh he was awarded the first medal in midwifery and diseases of women and children.with the highest stand- ard which had at that time l)een attained. He also received a special license in the same department. In the College of Physi- cians and Surgeons he was the successfiil com])etit()r for the second prize in surgery under Prof. Patrick Heron Watson. He then went to London. England, where he sj^ent some time in \-isiting the different hospitals and in further ])rofes.sional study. In the latter part of 1874 he returned to Fredericton. N. B., Ijegan the practice of his })rofession, and has remained there ever since. Dr. Currie's student life was marked by careful study and constantly advanced standing. On June 15, 1881. he was ap- ])ointed assistant surgeon of the 71st York l)attalion of the Active Militia of Canada, and on the 25th of December. 1883, was promoted to })e surgeon of the same corps, which ofiice he still holds. Dr. Currie is secretary and registrar of the Council of Pliysi(nans and Surgeons of New BrunsA^ck, and has ctmstantly held this office since the organization of the council in July, 1881. He is a member of the Pro\'incial Board of Health of New Brunswick, and also secre- tarv of the board: both appointments date from June 1st, 1887, when the Pul)lic Health Act went into operation. In virtue of his ])osition as secretary of the Provincial Board of Health, he is chief health officer for the province. Dr. Currie is at ]jresent a mem- ber of the council of the Associated Alumni of the University of New Brunswick, and has been since June, 1885. He is also a coroner for York county, N.B. This ap- pointment dates from October 17. 1882. He is a member of the New Brunswick Medical Society and of the Canada Medical Association, and at present is vice-president for New Brunswick of the Canada Medical As.sociation. In 1880 he was appointed a delegate from this association to the meet- ing of the American Health Society, held in Toronto, October, 1886. He is also a meml)er of several secret societies. He became associated with the Inde])endent Order of Oddfellows, August 22. 1881 ; with the Inde])endent Order of Foresters, October 1, 1881 ; and with the American Legion of Honour, Se2;)tember 28, 1880. He still continues his memVjership in. and is physician to, each of these societies. His travels were not im])ortant. and only such as were necessary in the prosecution of study or (jn ])usiness. His religious %-iews have always l)een those held by the Baptist church, but he was not united with any religious society until 1867. when he became a member oi the Fredericton Bap- tist Church. On the 5th of June. 1877. he was married to Helen M. Estey. second dau^rhter of the late Harris S. Estev. The 92 .4 CYCLOPjEDIA of first representative of this fanuly in New Brunswick was Zebulou Estey. Avho came to New Brunswick from Newburyjxji't. Mass.. about 1765. Before leaving Newbury])ort lie was married to Mollie Brown. After coming to New Brunswick tliey had a large family, one member of which. Neliemiah B. Estey. was great grandfather of Harris S. Estey. Dr. Currie has l)een eminently suc- cessful in vxvry respect in the ])ractice of his profe.'^sion. He was the originator and one of the ])rinci]:)al promoters of the move- ment which led to the passage of the New Brunswick Medical Act. He is devoted to liis profession, ginng his whole time to it. and taking a lively interest in everything wliich pertains to its Avell-l)eing. Elliott, Andrew, Almonte, one of the most enter])rising of our woollen manufac- turers, was born on the 3rd April. 1809. at Stanishwater. jjarish of Westerkirk. Esk- dale. Scotland. His father. William Elliott, and his mother, Jane Jardine. were both natives of Dumfriesshire. Scotland. Mr. Elliott received his education at the Lang- holme and Corrie school, near Lockerby, which he left at the age of thirteen, and began the battle of life unaided. In 1834 he came to Canada, and two years after liis arrival he began lousiness as a grocer in Gait. Ontario. Here he did a good business. l)uilt a distillery, ran it for several years, sold it (mt. and joined Robert Hunt, of Prest(jn. in the woollen l)usiness. In 18.j3 they changed the factory into a four- set mill, and wtjrked it very successfullv for about ten years. About 18f'.4. while Mr. Elliott was in (rreat Britain buying wool, the mill was burnt down. l)ut on his return he rebuilt it. and associated Avith him in his new venture (the old -[(artnershi]) having been dissolved ) J. L. Hunt and George Ste])hen ( now Sir (k'f)rge Stejihen. bart. I. The new firm al)andoned the man- ufacture of cloth, and went into that of Hax and linseed oil. After spending a great deal of money in im])orting first-class ma- chinery from Great Britain. Ireland and the United States, and ]>ushing the bu.'iiness for about four years, they found that Canada was imsuited for such an enter]irise. and parted with the concern. haAing lost a con- siderable Sinn of money by the venture. Mr. Elliott then sold (mt all his pro])ertyin Pre.stou and (xalt. and ])urchased a woollen mill in Almonte, where for the ])a.st seven- teen years he has successfully jirosecuted his business. Mr. Elliott was elected dis- trict (Gore district) councillor for the town- ship of Dumfries (Upper Canada), and in 1840 he was chosen the first reeve for the \dllage of Gait, and occupied the position for several years. The late Hon. Robert Baldwin made him a magistrate, and in this capacity he acted for about ten years : and was sent as a delegate from the village of Gait and the township of Dumfries with an address to Lord Elgin, in Montreal, shortly after the destruction of the Parlia- ment buildings by a mob. Mr. Elliott took an active interest in railway extension, and did his share in getting the Great Western Railway Comj^any to build a branch line from Harrisburg to Gait. In his yoimger days he was a strong supporter of the Bald'win administration, and even supported the late Hon. George Brown, but refused longer to follow him as a party leader when he left the government of the day and formed the '• Grit "" party: and he has ever since been an opponent of the Reform party. Mr. Elliott has been a Presbyterian from his youth up. In 1839 he married Mary Hanley. a native of the county of Longford, Ireland. He has been a busy man. and now enjoys the fruits of his industry. ;n<»r«>oii. Walter Aii^ukiiis Orins- by. Barrister, etc.. Charlottetowu. Prince Edward Island, was born cm the 24th De- cember. 1851. at Hamilton. Prince Edward Island. His father. Richard Willock Mor- son. formerly of the island of M(mtserrat, in the West Indies, now of Uptim. Dundas. Prince Edward Island, was a son of the late Richard Willoek Morson. of Montserrat. and nephew of the Hon. Walter Morson. M. D., phvsician to the late Princess Sophia, daughter of George III. His mother. Eliza- beth Codie. daughter of the late Hon. Patrick Codie. of Cascumpec. P. E. Island, and Annabella StcAvart. his wife, daughter of the late Diigald Stewart, of Hamilton, P. E. Island. Mr. Morson. jr.. received his education at Hamilton, and in 1866 removed to Charlottetowu. where he secured employ- ment in the " City Hardware Store." In this situation he remained until 1872. when he gave u]) mercantile pursuits, and began the study of law with the Hon. W. W. Sul- livan, the ];resent attorney-general and ])remier of Prince Edward Island. In Feb- i ruary, 1877. he was admitted as an attorney \ of the Supreme Court, and became a mem- ' ber of the firm of Sullivan. Maclean c% Mor- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 93 son. In February, 1878, he was called to the bar of the Superior Court and admitted as solicitor of the Court of Chancery. In March, 1877, he was made a notary public. Mr. Maclean having retired from the above firm in 1878, it then became Sullivan & Morson, and so continued until December, 1882, when it was dissolved. Mr. Morson then entered into partnership ^\ith the Hon. Neil Macleod, M.A., and this arrangement continued until October, 1883, when Neil Macquarrie, the stipendiary magistrate of Summerside, was admitted a partner, when the name was changed to MacLeod, Morson & Macquarrie, with offices at Summerside and Charlottetown. Mr. Morson was a])- pointed master in Chancery in 1885. In April of the same year, on the death of the Hon. John Longworth, he was a]:)pointed clerk of the Crown and prothonotary of the Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island, and also registrar of the Court of Chancery, all of which positions he resigned in June, 1885. On the formation of the Prince Ed- ward Island Provisional Brigade of Garrison Artillery, Mr. Morson was a])pointed adju- tant, with rank of lieutenant, 2nd June, 1882 ; and on the 8th November, 1884, he obtained a first class special course certificate from the Royal School of Artillery in Quebec. He volunteered with two batteries of the brigade for the North West Territory on the outl^reak of the rebellion in 1885. Mr. Morson is a busy man, yet he finds time to devote his attention to Masonry. He has been a member of Victoria lodge. No. 383, of the Registry of Scotland, since April 1870, and has held several important offices in his lodge, and been depute master. In religion Mr. Morson is a meml)er of the Episco25al comnumion, and in politics be- longs to the Conservative party. He is a rising man, and has a grand future before him. Oray, James, Manager of the Mer- chants Bank of Canada, Perth, Lanark county, Ontario, was born on the 3rd of September, 1820, at Black Hills, parish of Elgin, Morayshire, Scotland. Arthur Gray, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Morayshire, Scotland, and joined the active militia in 1809, and in 1811 was gazetted ensign in the 2nd battalion of the 24th Regiment of the line. In November of the same year he proceeded with his regi- ment to the Peninsula, where he joined the armv under the command of the late Duke of Wellington, and served till the end of the war, during which he was present at the fol- loAving battles and sieges : In the covering division at the siege and capture of Badejoz; the battle of Salamanca (where he carried the coloiirs); the capture of the Retiro and the siege of Burgos, where he was engaged ia the storming of the outer line, on which occasion the battalion suffered so severely that it became necessary to incorporate it in a pro\-isional battalion with the 58th Regi- ment ; on the raising of the siege of Burgos he was the last officer to quit the trenches, having been left with a piquet to see the works blo^\^l up at all hazards, and at the imminent risk of being taken prisoner, being fortunate enough, however, to regain his regiment after executing the orders he had received ; he commanded a company during thfe rest of the retreat into PortTigal, and suf- fered great hardships consequent upon such retreat. He was also engaged in the battle of Vittoria, and the actions in the Pyrenees for four successive days, including the at- tack on the heights of Echellar, where the battalion in which he was serving received on the grounds the thanks of Lord Dalhousie for their gallant conduct. He was also at the battles of Nevelle and Orthes, the in- vestment of Bayonue, besides a great num- ber (jf affairs of out})osts and skirmishes, and was not absent from his battalion for (me day during the whole j'friod of these memoralile events. On the return of the liattalion he was renioved to the 1st Battal- ion of the 24th Regiment, and proceeded to join it in the East Indies in February, 1815. He served with this corps in the Nepaul war, the campaigns of 1815 and 181(3, in- cluding the battle of Harriagrove; and in the Mahratta camjjaigns of 1817 and 1818. During the Indian campaign he fell a victim to severe liver disease, and was compelled to return to England in 1819, and on the expiration of his leave in 1820. still being disabled from active duty from this cause, he was retired on half-pay. His health ha%'ing been restored, in 1839 he was ap- joointed to the first battalion Royal regi- ment, with which he served at Gibraltar to August, 1841, when Lord Hill removed liim to the Royal Canadian rifie regiment. lu 1847 he was appointed by His Grace the Duke of Wellington captain in the Ceylon rifle regiment, and proceeded to Ceylon. An insurrection breaking out there he was placed second in conunand, and shortly 94 ,1 CYCLOPAEDIA OF after the coiumiinder of a corps to scour the jungle and disperse the re1)els. In cou- secpience of exposure wliile on this mission he was attacked with dysentery, and being carried along with his colunni to Kandy he there died. James (iray received an Eng- lish and classical education in the St. An- drew's school of his native shire, and came to Canada in 1844. and settled in Montreal. The same year he entered the service of the Bank of Montreal, in that city. He was over a cpiarter of a century in the emj^loy of this great monetary institution, and dTir- iug this time resided in Kingston, Picton, and Pei-th. In 1868 he resigned his position in the Bank of Montreal, and was appointed manager of the branch of the Merchants Bank in Perth. Avhich position he still occu- pies with ci'edit to himself and satisfactioii to his employei's. Mr. Gray is connected with the Presbyterian church ; l)ut in 2ioli- tics he takes little interest. He is married to ]Mary Robin.son, a daughter of the late ])r. Mooi-e. of Picton, who, during his life- time, was a staunch supporter of the late lamented Hon. George Brown, and in sym- pathy with the political refc^rms advocated by that great man. La iTlotlic, Oiiillsiiiiiic Jean Bap- tistc, Postmaster, Montreal, was born in Montreal on September 24th, 1824. He is the son of Ca])t. Jose})h Maurice La Mothe. who married Marie J. Laframl)oise, in Mcm- treal, on the 1st February, 1813. Cai^ain Jose])h Maurice La ^Nlothe was superinten- dent of the Indian l)e])artment from 1816 until his decease in 1827. He was also cap- tain and in command of the Indian allies at the ])attle of Chateauguay, and was fa- vouralily reported in the orders of the day for gallant conduct.' His grandfather was Ca])tain Jcjsejjli La Mothe, who was born 2r)th January. 1742, and married 24th No- vember. 1777. to Catherine Blondeau. In March, 1776. the military conunandant in Montreal entrustcnl Ca])tain J. La Mothe with most important despatches for General Guy (Jarleton. then l)esieged in (^)uebee l)v the American army. Accompanied by ]\Ir. Papineau (father of the Hon. L. J. I'api- neau ), he started from ^Montreal on foot. and after a long and dangerous tram]), managing to cross the American lines at night, safely delivered tlu; des])a(clies in ])roper time, wliich contril)uted to tlie sal- vation of (^)uel)ec. His great grandfather was Pierre Ija ^Nlotlu". married first to ^larie Anne St. Ives, and in January, 1740 (being- then a widower), he married xlngelique Caron, in Montreal. His father and mother were Bruno La Mothe and Jeanne Le Valois, who came originally from the diocese of Bordeaux, France. The family, whose cor- rect name is de La Mothe (as mentioned in old family documents), was residing in Montre.d as early as 1673, and in 1689 Pierre de Saint Paul de La Mothe had the command of the town and island of Montreal. The subject of our sketch re- ceived his education at St. Hyacinthe Col- lege and at Montreal College. In Sej^tem- ber, 1852, he received a commission as lieutenant in the Montreal Sedentary Cav- alry, but this position he resigned in March, 1854. On the 17th of January, 1856, he was appointed lieutenant in No. 2 troop Militia Cavalry, Montreal, and on the 23rd of April, 1857, was retransferred to and jjromoted captain in the Sedentary Cavalry of Montreal. On the 7th of November,. 1862, he was transferred to and promoted major commanding the Rifle Companies (Police) Active force in Montreal. On the 26th of November, 1861, Captain La Mothe was appointed chief of police for Montreal. This office he held until the 30th January, 1865, when he resigned. He effected the capture of the famous St. Albans raiders a few months previcjus. x\nd on the 15th of July, 1874, he was appointed to the postmastership of his native city, and this imjiortant position he fills to-day. Mr. La Mothe has been actively connected with the development of gold mines in Nova Scotia ; copper mines in the Eastern Townships, and iron mines in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, where he discovered the magnetic iron ore deposit at Moisie. Ijp(m report made to friends respecting the value of the ore and extent of the deposit, the Moisie Inm Com- pany was formed. This company has man- ufactured malleable iron pronounced in England and France equal to the best. During the years from 1846 to 1851 inclu- sive, Mr. La Mothe travelled extensively through England, Fi-ance, S-witzei-land, and Italy : and while in England he joined the ex])edition against Ecuador (South Amer- ica ), which, after putting to sea, was over- taken l)y a British man-of-war, and l)rought back to Lcmdon. He also took part in the French lievolutiim of 1848, and at the storming of tlie Tuileries he was one of the first to enter the ])lace. After this event he CANADIAX BIOGRAPHY. 95 travelled tbroTigli Switzerland on foot, then on to Italy, where he married, antl then re- turned to Canada. For fifteen years of his life, Mr. La Mothe was actively engaged in politics on the Liberal side. In religion he is a respected member of the Koman Cath- olic church. He was married in Florence, Italy, in 1850, to Marguerite de Bavoye, and his family consists of one son and four daughters, all living. The son, Henri, is married to Marie, youngest daughter of the late Hon. Jiidge Bosse', of Quebec. The eldest daughter, Marguerite, is married to Hon. J. R. Thibaudeau. senator for division of Eigaud. His second daughter is married to Henri Hamel. of the firm of J. Hamel ct Frere, Quebec. The two yoTingest daugh- ters, Jxiliette and Marie, are unmarried. I?IhcC«»II. Evan, Kingston. Ontario, was born at Kenmore, Lochfyne-side, Scot- land, on the 21st of September, 1808, where he is well-known as the " Mountain Min- strel." He early developed a taste for poetry, and in 1837 contributed to the (rlasgow Gae- lic Magazine. The poet gives a very strik- ing account of his iirst attempt at Gaelic verse. Ho took into his confidence a young friend, a capital singer, taught him a song without mentioning that he was the author of it, and got him to sing it the same even- ing at a neighbour's house at Kenmore. It was received wdth great applause. From that hour Evan MacColl felt himself a bard and became supremely happy. Some time after he published a small volume of ])oems in Gaelic, and another in English, which were reviewed by Dr. McLeod, Hugh Miller, the celebrated geologist, and other British crit- ics, in the highest terms of admiration. In 1831 Mr. MacColl's father, with the rest of his family, emigrated to Canada, \n\t Evan re- mained behind, and eight years afterwards he accepted a position in the Customs at Liver- pool. In 1846 he published a second vol- ume of poems which w'as even more highly appreciated than the first. Of this work. Dr. Norman McLeod wrote: '"Evan MacCoU's poetry is the product of a mind ini2)ressed with the beauty and grandeur of the lovely scenes in which his infancy has been ntirsed. We have no hesitation in saying that this work is that of a man possessed of much poetic genius. Wild, indeed, and sometimes rough are his rhymes and epithets ; yet there are thoughts so new and striking — images and comparisons so beautiful and original — feelings so warm and fresh — that stamp this Highland peasant as no ordinary man.'" In 1850, in consequence of ill-health,^ he visited Canada, and while here received an appointment to the Customs at Kingston. He never solicited any favour from the Con- servatives, and the overthrow of the Mac- kenzie government in 1878 effectually quenched his hopes of preferment, and two years afterwards he w-as superannuated. No man ought to know Mr. MacColl l)etter than his friend, Charles Sangster, a poet of con- siderable repute, who speaks thus of him in his article in Wilson's work on Scottish ])ards: — "In jirivate life he is, both by precept and ex- ample, all that could be desired. He has an in- tense love for all that is really good and beautiful, and a true and manly scorn for all that is false, time-serving, or hypocritical ; there is no narrow- mindedness, no bigotiy iji his soul. In the do- mestic circle, all the warmth in tlie man's heart — the full flow of genuine feeling and affection — is ever uppermost. He is a thoroughly earnest man, in whose daily walks and conversation as well as in his actions, Longfellow's ' Psalm of Life' is acted out in verity. In his friendship he is sincere ; in his dislikes equally so. He is thor- oughly Scottish in his leanings. His national love burns with intensity. In poetry, he is not merely zealous, but enthusiastic, and he carries his natural force of character into all he says and does." All his \-irtues he inherited from his par- ents. Among Evan MacCoU's old country friends have been John Mackenzie, of " The Beauties ; "' the late R. Carruthers. LL.D., Hugh Miller, the brothers Sobeiskio Stew- art, at Eilean-Aigais, and drank with them out of a enach, once the projaerty of Prince Charlie ; Dugald Moore, author of '• Scenes before the Flood," and "The Bard of the North ; " Alexander Rogers, the author of "Behave yourself before Folk," Rev. Dr. Norman McLeod, Dr. Chambers, Bailey, the author of "Festus;" Leighton, author of " The Christening of the Bairn ; " J. Stuart Blackie, the great Edinburgh professor : James Logan, author of " The Scottish Gael ; " Eraser, of Franer^s Magazine, and I Hugh Eraser, the publisher of " Leabhar I nan Cnoc." He is a member of the Royal Canadian Literary and Scientific Society, founded by the Marquis of Lome, and was the guest several times of his lordship and the Princess Louise at Rideau Hall. Ottawa. MacColl has been twice married. Of a family of nine sons and daughters, Evan, the poet's eldest son, has l^een educated for i the ministry, and is now pastor of the Con- I gree'ational Chiirch at Middleville, Ontario. 96 .1 CYCLOPAEDIA OF His eldest daughter's jirodTictions have merited a very high admiration, and the more youthful members of his familv give promise of proving worthy of the stock from whence they sprang. John Massie, of Keene. a l)rother poet, not having heard from the •' Bard of Lock Fyne " for over six weeks after having written him a letter, thus addressed the Limestone City : — Say, Kingston, tell us where is Evan ? Thy bard o' V)uie i)oetic leaven 1 And is he still amang the livin' ? Or i)lumed supernal, Ha-s taen a jink and aff to heaven, 'J'here sing eternal ! <_)r if witliin your bounds you find him, A bruised and broken, skilfu" bind him ; Or sick, or sair, I caref u' mind him, 'i'hy darling chiel 1 And dinna lat him look behind him Until he's weel. But if he's gane, ah, wae's to me ! His like we never mair shall see, — Nae servile, wliinging coof was he. Led by a string, 15ut noble, gen'rous, feailess, free, iiis sang he'd sing. Hech, sirs ! we badly could bide loss him. For should this world vindictive toss him. Or ony hizzie dare to boss him, Clean gyte he'd set her ; The deil himsel', he daur'dna cross him. Faith, he ken'd better 1 Let any man, o' any station. But wink at fraud, or wrong the nation, E'en gowd, nor place, 'twas nae temptation To sic a chiel, — He'd shortly settle their oration. And drub them weel. Or let them say't, be't high or low, Auld Hcotia ever met the foe, That laid her in the dust fu low, Kight at them see him ! I'rofessor (Jeorge still rues the Ijlow Mac(-'oll did gie him. Is history in Fiction's gri]i, ]_)oes Faisehdod let lier blo((dho\uids slip, Crack goes his castigating whip. With jiatiint scurn I Mauaulay laid npun his Ijiji, Aniitlst the cnrn. 1 loes EiiL'lish critic meanly itcli, Td cast old ()-sian in tl\e ditch. And trail his laurels througli the pitch Of mind benighted ; Our bardie '.ries his luu's a twitch And sees it righted. In a' tliis warld, there's no a skellum, 2\i>r sillv self-ci>nceited blellum, But Evan, lad, wad bravely tell 'em The honest truth ; jyenif he kend that they should fell "im' Withouten ruth. Ye feathered things in raournfu' tune. Come join my waesome, doleful croon ; Ye dogs that bay the silver moon, Your sorrow show it ; And a' ye teaifu' starns aboon. Bewail our poet. What though this grasping world, and hard. May barely grant him just reward, Still shall his genius blissful starred. Effulgent shine. And endless ages praise the bard Of fair Loch Fyne. Mr. MacColl has many admirers in Can- ada, in proof of which he has lately issued the third edition of his poems here, and they are having a good sale. His Gaelic Lyrics, lately issued in Edinburgh, is also attracting attention among his countrymen on this side of the Atlantic. Lake, Joliii \eilMOii, Stock Broker, Toronto, was l)orn on the fourth concession of the township of Ernesttown. county of Addington. Ontario, on the 19th August, 1834. His great grandfather and grandfather owned part of Staten Lsland, New York state, and when the war of independence broke out they took sides with the British, and with sons and sons-in-law fought for their king and country. The family removed to U])per Canada about 1782, and as U. E. loyalists received a grant of 15,000 acres of land, and settled near the \'illage of Bath, west of Kingston. James Lake, the father of the subject of our sketch, was born near Bath in 1791. and with the exce]:)lion of a short period, he resided, until his death, in the to^\Tishi]) of Ernesttown. His mother was Margaret Bell, daughter of John Bell, of Ernesttown, who, though a U. E. loyalist, did not remove to Canada until LSIO. John, Tuitil his sixteenth year, attended school, when he joined his brothers in the carriage 1)usiness. and at the same time he learned drafting and architecture At twenty-one he gave up this ])rofession and entered the ministry of the AVesleyan Methodist church as a ])r()l)ationer. and spent the years 1855-6 in the town of Ficton : 1S.")7 in Aylmer ; 1X.-),S ill 7iigrrs(jll : ],s59 in Hulisville : lsCi2 in ^Mai'kluini : 18(')5 in Pickering, followed as stations in succession: but in IH*));. in conse(juence of a ])eculiar affection of the (\ve jjrodueing double vision, and pre^•enling all study, he was comjselled to CA^ADIAX BIOGRAPHY 97 relinquish tlie ministry for awliile. In 1869, his health being somewhat improved, he again attemjiteJ the ministerial work, and was stationed at the town of Niagara ; but in less than twelve months thereafter it be- came evident that this mode of usefulness could not be continued, and he was reluc- tantly compelled to abandon the ministry. He moved to Toronto, and in 187U opened a real estate and loan office, just at the time when the value of property was beginning to improve, and when there were only two real estate brokers in the city. In 1875 he was joined by J. P. Clark, of the town of Brampton, and soon the firm of Lake it Clark became A\ddely known and highly trusted. In 1882 Mr. Lake retired from the firm, and four years later Mr. Clark gave up business, when the firm of Lake & Clark ceased to be longer kno^vTi as dealers in real estate. Duritig aU these years Mr. Lake was very intimately associ- ated with church work, and the Sherbourne Street Methodist Church owes not a little of its success to his labours and gener- ous contributions. In 1881 he was induced by his numerous friends to permit himself to be put in nomination as alderman for St. Thomas ward, and having surrendered his standing as a minister, he consented, and was elected a member of the city coun- cil. One year in the council seems to have satisfied Mr. Lake, for although next year he was strongly urged by his St. Thomas ward constituency to again act as their represen- tative, he refused to concede to this recpiest, and retired from municipal politics. Poli- tically Mr. Lake has always been a Re- former, but he is not a person who would support a party without a good and suffi- cient reason. He has been a mem])er of the Toronto Stock Exchange, and of the T<^- ronto Board of Trade, for many years, and is president of the American Watch Case Company : secretary of the Ontario Folding Steel (rate Company : director of the North American Life Assurance Company, and chairman (jf the agency committoc. He is also treasurer of the L'nion Pvelief Fund, and of tlie Church and Parsonage Aid Fund of tlie Methodist church : has been treasurer from the beginning of the Sher- bourne Street Methodist Church, and was organizer and superintendent of its Sunday school for the first eleven years. Mr. Lake was lately elected chairman of the commit- tee t)n plans for the new Victoria College F buildings to be erected in the Qiieen's Park, Toronto, for the Methodist Church, at a cost of about $200,000. We may add that Mr. Lake has done a good deal to improve To- ronto during the Y>ast fifteen years, having built residences worth about .$200,000, in the most improved style of architecture, and his own residence, — 286 Sherbourne street — is a model of completeness and con- venience. In June, 1859, he was married to Emily Jane, youngest daughter of S. V. R. Douglas, of Burford, Brant county, and granddaughter of the Rev. Thomas Wliite- head, a gentleman who occupied a promi- nent position in the Methodist church from 1790 to 1840. Dc Sola, Abraham, LL.D.— The late Dr. de Sola was one of the most distin- guished scholars who ever graced an Ameri- can-Jewish pulpit. His reputation as an Orientalist, theologian and linguist, was not confined to his own peoj^le; the j^rofundity and extraordinary intellectual acumen which characterized his numerous writings and researches having won for him wide renown among the saraufs both of this continent and of Europe. He was descended from a very ancient and celebrated Jewish family, his ancestors having, in their migration from Jiidea, gradiTally moved across Northern Africa, until, crossing the Straits of Gibral- tar, we find them settled in Spain as early as the close of the sixth century. Here the de Solas became very distinguished in the higher walks of life. They assisted the Saracens, when the mighty sons of the de- sert overran the Iberian Peninsula, and in retixrn were received in high favour at the court of the Cahphs. The Gothic princes also treated them Avith distinction; and in Navarre, where a branch of the family set- tled, Don Bartolome de Sola attained to such influence as to be ennobled and creat- ed a minister of state, and at one time exer- cised the functions of Viceroy. Another de Sola won renown by his prowess in battle, vviien fighting under the Infante of Aragon. in the fourteenth century. For several cen- turies they continued to fiourish in Spain, the family l^eing famed f(jr the large num- ber of illustrious men it ])roduced. eminent as authors, ral^bis, physicians, and cour- tiers. In 1-492. in conserpience of their ad- hei-ence to Judaism, they .suffered the fate of all Spanish -Tews, being condemned to exile by the edict of the bigoted Ferdinand and Isaljella. Thev fled to H(;lland. where thev 98 A CYCLOPEDIA OF soon again rose lo distinction in the world of letters. One member of the family, however, lingered behind in Portugal, eluding the \i- gilance of his persecutors l^y professing to become a New Christian ( as Jewish converts to Christianity were styled), while he secretly continued to follow Judaism. During several generations some of his descendants contin- ued to reside in Lisbon, where they possessed much wealth, remaining ever true to their ancestral faith, and all resorting to the same hazardous expedient to escape the notice of the Inquisition. But the fact that they often sent their children to Holland, that thev might be the better able to follow Judaism, at length aroused the susj^icions of the Holy Office ; and towards the close of the seventeenth century David de Sola was suddenly jwunced upon and incarcer- ated in the cells of the Inquisition-House. He bore the most frightfid tortures heroic- allv. and, as no confession could be forced from his lips, nor aught proved against him, he was released; but his shattered frame never recovered from the terrible agonies he had suffered. Years afterwards the suspicions of the Inquisition were again aroused, and two members of the family were seized, tortured, and having V)een found guilty of secret adherence to Judaism, suf- fered death at an Auto-da-Fe. Aaron de Sola (son of the above-mentioned David) was then the head of the Lisl)on branch of the family, and, alarmed at the fright- ful fate of his two relatives, took refuge with his wife and children on an Eng- lish man-of-war. which then lay at the mouth of the Tagus, only just in time to escape the officers of the Holy Office, who were in pursuit of him. Landed safely in Loudon, l)y the friendly English cajitain, Aar(jn de Sola had no sooner put foot upon free soil, than he openly proclaimed his ad- herence to the faith which he and his fathers had so l(mg followed in secret. This was in 1749. He proceeded shortly after with his family to Amsterdam, where lie took up his abode. His eldest son. David, was the ancestor of the Aliraharn de Sola who forms the subject (jf this sketcli; while his young- est son. Benjamin. ])ecanio nuc of the most eminent ])ractitioners in Holland, and was Court Physician to William V.. and \\^^■ au- thor of numer(.)us medical wo)-ks. Aiiothei- son of Aaron de Sola seltlt-d in Cura'jao. and was the ])rogenitor of that Crcneral .Tuan deSolii who won such hi'di niilitarv distinc- tion fighting under Bolivar and Paez in the revolt of the South American Colonies from Spain. In 1690 another member of the family, Isaac de Sola, became famed in London as a preacher and author. Some volumes of his writings are still to be seen among the rare collections of European libraries. Abraham de Sola was born on the 18th September, 1825. His father, David Aaron de Sola, was a very prominent rabbi, celebrated for his theological writ- ings, and had removed from Amsterdam to London, England, early in the present cen- tury, where the subject of this sketch was born. His mother was of the illustrious Meldola family, who had furnished leading rabbis to the .Tews of Europe for twelve con- secutive generations. From childhood Abra- ham de Sola betrayed a strong inclination for study, and having received a thorough training in those branches which form the usual curriculum of higher education, he turned his attention to theological and lin- giiistic studies, and early laid the founda- tion of that deep acquaintance ^vith orien- tal languages and literature which after- wards won him such renown. In 1846 he was offered the position oi minister of the Congregation of Portuguese Jews of Mon- treal, and, having accepted this call, ar- rived in Canada early in 1847. Here began the great work of his life. Shortly after his advent to Montreal his eloquent ser- mons in the Synagogue attracted the at- tention of the Mercantile Library Associa- tion, and upon in\'itation he delivered be- fore this body a series of lectures upon the history of the Jews of England. The in- terest evoked by these efforts led to his de- livering a further course of lectures upon Je'W'ish history before this association the following year, and also before the Mechanics' Institute. In 1S48 he pub- lished his "'Notes on the .T(>ws of Persia, under Mohammed Shah."' This was followed by "A History of the Jews of Persia." and within the same year he ])ublished liis ■■ Lec- tures on Scripture Zoology" which was succeeded by Ins "Lectures on the Mosaic Cosmogony.'" Shortly afterwards he gave to the woiid "The Cosniogra])hv of Peritsol," a work which at oiice attracted great at- tention and brought its author prominently to tlic front. It received such favourable notice from leading reviews as to be repuV)- lished in part by the Orciilr ,,t and other ma,!j;'azint-s, and translations in various Ian- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 99 guages were brought out by publishers in foreign countries. As late as 1881 we find it attracting the attention of the learned Chevalier Pesaro, of Italy, in the columns of an Italian review. His next important work " A Commentary on Samuel Hanna- gid's Introduction to the Talmud," dis- played a deep and broad acquaintance with rabbinical literature, and was received with marked approbation by the literati of this continent and Europe. His literary la- bours had now made him a prominent figure among the learned bodies of Montreal, and in 1853 he was appointed Professor of He- brew and Oriental literature at McGill Uni- versity, Montreal, a position which he con- tinued to fill with marked ability during the rest of his life, and for which his deep knowledge of Semitic tongues particularly adapted him. He was also a co-labourer of Sir William Dawson in the Natural His- tory Society, as well as at McGill, and did much towards vitalizing and extending the usefulness of that body. In 1853, in con- junction with the Rev. J. J. Lyons, of New York, he published his work on " The Jew- ish Calendar System," containing a very exhaustive and abstruse treatise upon the Jewish mode of calculating time by the lunar system. Some years after this he completed one of his greatest and most learned productions, " The Sauitory Insti- tutions of the Hebrews ; " a work contain- ing a most elaborate and critical considera- tion of the rabbinical dietary and hygienic laws, as based upon the Jewish traditional exposition of the hygienic statutes of the Bible, \iewed in the light of modern scien- tific discoveries. The work excited alike the applause of scientists and oi rabbinical scholars, and the eminence to which its author had now attained resulted in his having the degree of LL.D. conferred upcm him in 1858. Shortly after the publication of " The Sanitory Institiitions of the He- brews," Dr. de Sola puljlished a supjile- mental work to it, entitled, " Behemoth Hatemeoth ; " and in 1860, when Dr. Hall founded the British American Journal, devoted to the advancement of medical and physical sciences. Dr. de Sola accepted an in- \itatiou to assist the publication, and among many others of his writings that appeared in this journal his articles " Upon the Em- ployment of An;esthetics in cases of Labour, in conectiou Avith Jewish Law," is specially worthy of notice. During the succeeding decade he was particularly active with his pen, bringing out in rapid succession num- erous works and treatises, besides constant- ly lecturing before various literary and scientific associations. Of his writings and lectures at this period the principal ones were : " Scripture Botany," " Sinaitic In- scrii^tions," " Hebrew Numismatics," "Phil- ological Stiidies in Hebrew and the Ara- maic Languages," " The Ancient Hebrews as Promoters of the Arts and Sciences," and " The Rise and Progress of the Great He- brew Colleges." For several years he oc- cupied the position of President of the Na- tural History Society, and in that capacity he received Prince Arthur (now Duke of Connaught) when His Royal Highness visited the society in 1870. His address uj^on " The Study of Natural Science," de- livered before the Prince upon this occasion, called forth a letter of approbation from Queen Victoria. In 1869 Dr. de Sola com- ])leted his valuable historical work entitled, " The Life of Sliabethai Tse\i, the Jewish False Messiah." This was followed by two other important historical works : " The His- tory of the Jews of Poland," ])ublished in 1870, and "The History of the Jews of France," pul)lished one year later. Ever since his arrival in Canada Dr. de Sola had been la))ouring zealously in every movement that tended to the advancement of the Jewish people. His eloquence as a preacher, added to his intimate knowledge of rabbinical learning, placed him among the very fore- most exponents of Jewish thought of the day, and he was recognized as one of the chief leaders of the orthodox Jews of Ame- rica. Broad-minded and tolerant in all things, he was at the same time strictly orthodox in his Judaism. His deep studios in the ])aths of science, literature and phil- ology all tended the more to confirm him in his abiding faith in the Book of Books; hence we find that throughout his career he was constantly engaged, both in the pulpit and press, in giving battle to those who would assail the Hebrew S(^riptnres. Scarcely a work ever left his hands that did not contain many a well directed shaft at the infidel teachings of certain modern scep- tics. In the columns of the Jewish jjress he was particularly active in this respect, and for many years he was a very regular con- tributor to various Jewish joni-nals, particu- larly to the Occident of Philadelphia (edi- ted by the gifted Isaac Leeser), A\ith which 100 A CYCLOPEDIA OF he was closely identified. He also frequent- ly visited the United States, where his lec- tures invariably attracted large audiences and brought him into great prominence. In 1872 Dr. de Sola was invited by General Grant's administration to open the United States Congress with prayer, and for the first time in history the extraordinary spec- tacle was witnessed of one who was not a subject of the United States nor of the domi- nant faith — one who was a British subject and a Jew — performing the opening cere- monies at the assembling of Congress at Washington. This high example of lil)er- ality upon the part of the government of the United States was generally looked upon as one of the earliest indications of the birth of a more friendly feeling between the United States and Britain, whose relations had then been but recently strained by the Alabama Claims; and Sir Edward Thorn- ton, the British Minister at Washington, as well as Mr. Gladstone — who was then premier, — extended to Dr. de Sola the s^^e- cial ap])robation and thanks of the British Government. Having purcha.sed the stero- type plates and copyright of Isaac Leeser's works, Dr. de Sola published about this time a new and carefully revised edition of that author's English translation of the Bible, according to Jewish authorities. He also l)rought out a new transhition of the Jewish Forms of Prayer, based upon the editions of his father (D. A. de Sola) and of Leeser. These were heavy undertak- ings, and their completion entailed several years of severe work. In addition to his other arduous duties. Dr. de Sola had now been appointed Heljrew Lecturer at the Presbyterian College, Montreal, and also Lecturer in Spanish Literature at McGill — a literature with which he was particularly familiar. J5ut the heavy strain of such in- tense a])plication to work at length under- mined his naturally strong constitutiw press. Aiiioiig otliei- of liis writings at this lime one of the most n()tiiiM. Barrister, St. John. New Bi-unswick. was born at St. John on 1st ( )ctobcr. 1801. His father Avas Wil- liam (!arleton. and mother. Bridget O'Con- nor. Mr. Carleton received his education CAXADIAN BIOGRAPHY 101 in the schools of the Christian Brothers in his native city, and studied law in the offices of Weldon & McLean, and Allen .t Chandler, St. John. He was admitted an attorney in October, 1882, and called to the bar the fol- lowing year. Mr. Carleton ha%-ing made the study of criminal laAv a S2)ecialty. he has in consequence been engaged on all the principal criminal cases tried in the pro- vince since he began j^ractice, besides many important civil cases. In November, 188G, he was appointed Official Referee in Equity by the Provincial government. For several years he has ])een an active meml:)er and held office in the Father Matthew Associa- ticm, and in the Irish Literary and Bene- volent Association. He is also a member of the Young Men's Liberal Club. Mr. Carle- ton is a res2:)ected member of the Roman Catholic church, and was married on the 22nd of September, 1886, to Teresa G. Sharkey, of St John. He is a rising man in his profession, and has a promising fiiture before him. Finnic, Joiin riioni,M.l)., L.R.C.S., Edin., Montreal, was born on the 14th Sep- tember, 1847, at Peterhead, Al^erdeenshire. Scotland. His father. Robert Finnic, carried on business for many years in Peterhead as tailor and clothier. Dr. Finnic was edu- cated partly in the parish school of his native town, and after coming to Canad;i continued his studies at the High School and McGill University, Montreal, and graduated from the latter institution as doctor of medicine early in 1869. He then went over to Bri- tain and jirosecuted the .study of his pro- fession in the hospitals of Edinl)urg]i. Lon- don and Paris, and in Octo})er, 1869, jKissed the necessary examination at the Royal College of Surgeons, of Edinburgli, and received from that college the degree in surgery and midwifery. In 1870 he re- turned to Montreal, and since that time he has successfully practised his profession. The doctor has for many years taken an active part in various societies, national and other kinds, and has on two occasions been elected president of the Montreal Caledonia Society. He has been for .several years and now is the president of the Montreal Swim- ming Club. His large and increasing prac- tice has prevented him from taking any active jiart in either municipal or provincial politics; yet he is a man of large and libe- ral ideas, and we have no doubt, if time permitted him, he could be of great practi- cal use to any j^arty with whom he might choose to connect himself. He is an adhe- rent of the Episcopal church. He was mar- ried on the 9th of April, 1874, to Amelia, daughter of the late Christo})her He dy, and has a familv of four children. Alwartl. siliiN, A.M., D.C.L., M.P.P., Barrister-at-Law, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at New Canaan, Queens county, N.B., on 14th April, 1841. His father, Jolin Alward, a successful agriculturist, was the son of Benjamin Alward, a IT. E. loyalist, who emigrated with his family from the state of New Jersey, at the close of the Ame- rican revolution, and made his home in Queens county. New Brunswick, and there he died at the age of ninety years. The mother of Silas Alward was Mary A. Corey, whose family also settled in New Brunswick, at an early date. Silas received his educa- tion at Acadia College, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, and graduated B.A. in 1860, stand- ing at the head of his class. The follow- ing remarks may V)e seen on the records of Acadia College, ^vith regard to Mr. Alward: " I now come t<> pmbalily the most brilliant cla.ss that ever took the prescribed course at Acadia, the class of ISGO. * * * Thei-e is Silas Alward, one of the most persevering, indefatigable, atten- tive students wlio ever attended college. Of strong physical frame, with great aptitude for study, a good linguist, an ambitious young man, it is not imi)robable that in his daily and terminal reckoning he stood in his class where the alphabet has placed him dux." In 1871, he received the degree of A.M., from Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. After getting through Anth his col- lege course, he began the study of law in the office of the Hon. Charles N. Skinner. Q.C., now Judge of Probate in St. John ; was ad- mitted to practice in 1865, and called to the bar in 1866, since which time he has steadily a])plied himself to his ])rofessi(mal duties, and is now noted for his high legal attainments, and is without dou])t an orna- ment to the bar of New Brunswick. He has been on two occasions president of the St. John Mechanics' Institute, and is a trustee of the St. John Schof)l Board. In 1867, Mr. Alward took a tour through Europe, and s]:)ent some time in the cities of Rome and Naples. He afterwards wrote for a St. John newspaj^er some very interesting arti- cles, descriptive of the various places of note he visited on this occasion. He has since then twice visited the old world. He is well versed in general literatixre, and occasionally LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALirOUNW akK'VA. UAMRAIIA 102 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF takes the platform as a lecturer. Amongst his favourite lectures we may mention : " Our Western Heritage," " A Day in the Heart of England," " The Permanency of British Civilization," and " The Great Administra- tion." In February, 1887, Dr. Alward was elected by acclamation to the legislature of New Brunswick, for the city of St. John. In politics, Mr. Alward is a Liberal, and in religious matters, he belongs to the Baptist denomination. On October 12th, 1869, he was married to Emilie, daughter of Peter Wickwire, of Nova Scotia, and sister of Dr. Wickwire, of Halifax. Mrs. Alward died in 1879, lea\-ing no children. Kcllond, Robert Arthur, Solicitor and Attorney for Inventors, Toronto, On- tario, was born in Montreal, Quebec jaro- \'ince, on 6th November, 1856. His father belonged to an old Devonshire (England) family, and was the only son of the name who emigrated to Canada about 1850. His grandfather had the honour of fighting under Lord Nelson on board the Victory at the battle of Trafalgar. Robert Arthur received his education at McGill Normal School, and under private tutors in Montreal, and also in England. He was also a pupil of the late Charles Legge, C. E., and was engaged ^vith him in the preliminary sur- veys and work upon the lines of railway between Montreal and Ottawa, now knoA\Ti as the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Canada Atlantic Railway, of which Mr. Legge was chief engineer. Mr. Kellond studied law while in the office of Charles Legge k Co., and joaid particular attention to the patent soliciting branch of that firm, and on the death of Mr. Legge. he and his partner, F. H. Reynolels, succeeded to the business of the firm. Mr. Kellond has now in successful ojieration offices in Montreal, Toronto, and Washington. D.C., United States, and has representatives in nearly all the cajoitals of Europe. By this means he does a large business as a solicitor and attor- ney for inventors, and as counsel and exjiert in jjatent and trade mark causes, his clientele including many of the large-st manufacturing firms and corporations throughout Canada. He served eleven years in the 3rd Ijattalion Victoria Rities, of Montreal, ;ind retired in 1886 with the rank of cajjtain. As a Mason he stands high in the order, V>eing past master of Hochelaga lodge. No. 57, Q.R., Mcjntreal : j^ast grand orator of Sovereign Sanctuarv of Canada and Newfoundland. 33", 96°, 90° ; is a member of Carnarvon Chap- ter Royal Arch Masons; Delta Rose Croix ChajDter, and Richard Coeur-de-Lion and Odo de St. Amand perceptories of Knights Templar ; and is a member of the Rosicru- cian Society, and Baltimore Unity of Odd- fellows. Politically Mr. Kellond is a Libe- ral, but since 1878 he has l)een a suj^porter of the National Policy and protection to- home mdustries. He has declined several public offices on account of professional duties. In religious matters he is a sup- porter of the Ejiiscopal church, V^ut never- theless is an admirer of many of the methods, and social efforts of the Methodist and other independent bodies. He has travelled through most of the southern and western states of the neighbouring Union, and also in England, having a large num- ber of clients and professional associates in both countries. He has two brothers, the eldest of whom was an officer under Lord AVolseley when he went to Fort Garry, and is now a resident of Kentucky, U.S. The other brother is a j^rominent railroad official in Louisville. Kentucky state. Mr. Kellond was married in 1880 to a daughter of the late Henry Ryan Hurlburt. barrister, Pres- cott, Ontario. ]?Iaun§ell, Lieut. -Col. Geors^e J., Deputy-Adjutant General district No. 8, New IBrtinswick, Commandant of Royal School of Infantry. Infantry School corps, Fredericton. was ])orn at Bally-William House, Rathkeale, county of Limerick, Ire- land, on the 25th of August, 1836. His father was George Meanes Maunsell, J. P., of Bally-William House. Limerick county, vide " 13urke"s Irish Landed Gentry." His mother was M. Maunsell. daughter of Rev. J. Stopford, son of the Bishop of Cloyne and Ross, Cork coitnty, aJid was a descendant of the Lord Courto-mi family, " Burke's Peer- age." Lieut. -Col. Maunsell, was educated at home and afterAvards studied for the pro- fession of arms, and passed his final examina- tion at Sandhurst Royal Military College in May, 1855, and was gazetted ensign in her Majesty's fifteenth regiment (m the 15th of the same iiKjntli. He attended a course of iiistruction in military engineering (Itranch of senior dejjartment of the Royal Military College) at Aldershot in 1857. and was subsequently eni]:)loyed, temj^orarily, on the staff at Aldershot in connection with this course of instruction. On November 27th, 1857. he was gazetted lieutenant in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 103 his regiment, and in 1858-9 attended the course of instniction at the School of Mus- ketry, Hythe, recei\'ing a certificate of the first class, on January 26th, 1859 ; and on February 10th following was gazetted as instructor of nmsketry. He was promoted to a captaincy of the Fifteenth regiment on March 12th, 1861, and in 1861-2 was acting adjutant and instructor of musketry at the Eighth Depot Battalion. He sailed for Halifax en I'oiite to New Brunswick in Janii- ary, 1864, and soon embraced an o])portu- nity that offered to see active service in the field, for he was with the army of the Poto- mac during the whole of the spring cam- paign of 1865, ending with the capture of Richmond, and was at that time temporarily attached to General Grant's staff. On Nov. 22, 1865, he was gazetted adjutant- general of militia of New Brunswick, and besides the organizing work was speedily called upon to more arduous duties, for in 1866 came the Fenian invasion, and Colonel Maunsell was engaged in the defence of the western frontier of New Brunswick. In 1868, after confederation, the Militia Act was passed and under it, on Jan. Ist., 1869, Colonel Maunsell was gazetted adjutant- general of the military district No. 8, pro- vince of New Brunswick. Between 1871 and 1880 he commanded tactical brigade corps at Frederictcju, W his distinguished visitors from England. On one of these occasions he met Lord Fred- erick Cavendish, the %-ictim of the Phrenix ! Park murder. Dublin, and Lord Grosvener, now Duke of Westminster. They were both very young then, and were going on a hunting expedition to the western prairies. j On returning home Mr. Ellice tried to in- I duce him to accompany him, and made him I very flattering promises, but the extended ! j^ractice Mr. Branchaud had acquired did I not permit him to accept such an agreeable invitation. He regrets having declined now. for he will never have an opj^ortunity, if he should take a trip to Europe, of form- ing acquaintances which the high position of Mr. Ellice coiald have facilitated. He nevertheless keeps a grateful remembrance of the old gentleman, who had so much re- gard for him. In 1859 Mr. Brancliaud married Marie ElizaV)eth Henrietta Monde- let, a daughter of the H(m. Judge Charles Mondelet. of the city of Montreal, one of the judges of the Superior Court for Lower Canada, and of Dame Maria Elizabeth Hen- rietta Carter, a daughter of the late Dr. Carter, (if Three Eivers. Madame Monde- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 105 let was the niece of Captaiu Brock, a nephew and aide-de-camp to Greneral Brock, and of Dr. Johnston, in his Hfetinie inspector gen- eral of miHtary hospitals in the Ionian Is- lands; and a first consin of the late Judge Short, of Sherbrooke. Mr. and Madame Mondelet died many years ago. The Hon. Dominique, Mondelet, a judge at Three Rivers, was the elder brother of Mr. Branchaud's father-in-law. They were the sons of Dominique Mondelet, a member of the old Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, and also a member of the Executive Council under the administration of Lord Aylmer. In politics M. Branchaud was an advanced liberal in his youth, hnt his opin- ions have greatly changed during the last few years. Experience and age always exert a soothing influence on the ideas and sentiments of the generality of men, and Mr. Branchaud did not form an exception to the rule. He would not be so willing, to-day, to endorse the political and social principles formulated in the j^rogranmie of L'Avenir, and which were so enthusiasti- cally adopted by the young men who founded that paper. However, Mr. Bran- chaud thinks one may be lil)eral without sharing the opinions of the nineteenth cen- tury philosophers, and without believing in the omnipotence of universal suffrage to save society — such safety l)eing more cer- tain in the hands of the few than in those of the greater number of its members. The democratic ideas carried to extreme limits will cause the fall of modern empires, as they have produced the fall of tlie older ones, and what is ha])2}ening to-day in Eu- rope is only their natural consequences. The actual opinions of Mr. Branchaud do not find favour with either party. His in- dependence of character and his well-known frankness are obstacles which would pre- vent his success in politics. So for many years he has not engaged actively in them. However, he does not conceal his opinions when called upon to exj^ress them. Thus he desires the continuation of Sir John A. Macdonald's administration because he thinks the national policy woixld run great dangers in the hands of Mr. Blake, and the Canadian Pacific Railway Com]:)any would find very little sympathy with him, in case of necessity. This company, being still in its infancy, may yet want the sup- port of the government, and Mr. Branchaud thinks it would be to the interest of the country to grant such help. It is hardly to be expected that a man who has tried to arrest its progress in each phase of its ex- istence would be kindly disposed towards it at a given moment. At all times he has repudiated the Rielite movement in Lower Canada, as tending to arouse prejudices and race hatreds, and to retard the j^rogress of the country, and the conduct of the govern- ment in letting the law take its coiirse, has had his entire approbation, as the only jjractical way of restoring peace and har- mony, which would have been threatened as long as Riel would have lived. In con- clusion we may state that Mr. Branchaud has been the promoter of the Beauharnois Junction Railway Company. The road is intended to run from Ste. Martine to Dun- dee, where it will connect with the Ameri- can system. The building of this railway ^\^ll place Beauharnois — undoubtedly a town of future importance, on account of the beauty of her site on the St. Lawrence, and the extent of her water powers — in the first rank among the important cities of the Do- minion. Mr. Branchaiid has worked for several months to organize the company, and he is confident that his efforts will soon be crowned with success. He was ever am- bitious to see his native place pros])erous, and in the evening of his life he is happy in the hope that the earnest wish of his heart will soon be gratified. The Hon. James Ferrie is jjresident of the new com- pany, and Mr. Branchaud vice-president. Irviii;;. JuiiieM Douglas, Major, and Brigade-Major of Military District No. 12. Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, was born at Charlotteto-wTi, on the I'ith Febrxiary, 1844. His father, Rol)ert Blake Ir^'ing, was born in Annan, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and emigrated to Prince Edward Island aliout the year 1832. Here he engaged in the profes.sion of teaching, and in addition took an active interest in politics on the Liberal side until the confederation of the prov- inces, when party lines having been broken, he became a supporter of the Liberal-Con- servative party. He was of a literary turn of mind, and contributed largely tt) the columns of the Examiner newsj^aper when it was under the editorial management of the late Hon. Edward Whelan, writing strongly in support of res25onsi])le govern- ment, free schools, the settlement of the land question by the government purchas- ing from the proprietors and reselling to 106 A CYCLOPEDIA OF tenants, and for confederation. He married in 1843 Joanna Charlotte, a daughter of Thomas Rhodes Hazzard, a U. E. loyalist, who came to Prince Edward Island from Providence, Rhode Island, with his father and family at the conclusion of the war with the revolted colonists. Major Irving received his education in his native parish in the private school taught by his father. On the 2(;th of March, 1867, he was ap- pointed a lieutenant in the Active Militia of P. E. Island, and was shortly afterwards promoted to a captaincy. After confedera- tion he was given a commission in the Can- adian Artillery Militia, and subsequently commanded the P. E. Island provisional brigade of Garrison Artillery. On the 1st of April, 1885, he was appointed brigade- major of Military District No. 12, and this ])osition he at present holds. He was dep- uty-prothonotary of tlie Supreme Court of P.' E. Island from 1st March, 1871, to 1st April, 1885 ; registrar of the Court of Chancery, and also that of the Vice- Admi- ralty Court from 28th March, 1876, to 1st April, 1885 ; and Clerk of the Crown for P. E. Island from 1st August, 1883, to 1st April. 1885. For many years Major Irving has been an active member of the Caledon- ian Society, and in general takes a deep interest in all that aj^pertains to his native island. Creed, Herbert Cllirord, Frederic ton, was Ijorn at Halifax, Nova Scotia, September 23rd, 184:3. His father, George John Creed, of Favorsham, Kent, England, was clerk in the Royal Engineer depart- ment (with rank of lieutenant), at Halifax, N.S., for thirty-five years. He was the eldest son of Richard Creed, who also was in Her Majesty's service, as clerk of works, R. E. I)., with the rank of cai)tain. Both father and son were, at the time of their decease, retired from active service upon ample ])pnsions. Richard Creed's youngest daugliter was the wife of the late H(m. Jcmathan McCully, senator of Canada, and afterwards judge of the Supreme Court. The mother of the subject of this sketcli was Susan, eldest daughter of John A. Woll- ner, of Halifax, N.S., a m;mufacturer and at one time owner of extensive property in that city and in the county of Hants. He was of a family that came out from England among the original settlers of Halifax, with (xovernor Cornwallis. Her- })ert Clifford Creed received his academic education chiefly in the High School con- nected with Dalhousie College, Halifax. He matriculated in the earliest class of un- dergraduates in Dalhousie College in 1857, studying till 1860, the college proper hav- ing in the meantime Vjeen discontinued. In 1861 he entered Acadia College, Wolf- ville, N.S., and took the regular four years' course there under the presidency of the late Rev. J. M. Cramp, D.D. He gradu- ated in 1865 with honours in classics, hav- ing also held the highest place in his class throughout the whole course. From August, 1860, to June, 1864, Mr. Creed was teacher of French at the Collegiate Academy and Ladies' Seminary at Wolfville, N.S. ; from the autunm of 1865 till the spring of 1869, he filled the position of head master of the C(mnty Academy at Sydney, C. B. ; and from 1869 till June, 1872, was principal of the Seminary at Yarmouth, N.S. In 1869 the degree of A.M. Avas conferred upon him. In the following autumn he accepted the principalship of tlie English High School, Fredericton, N. B., but resigned it at the close of 1873, in order to take a ]>osition offered him in the Provincial Normal School of New Brunswick, and here he has contin- ued, with various changes of work, down to the present time. His position now is officially designated as " Mathematical and Science Master, and Instructor in Industrial Drawing," the term " Professor " not l)eing applied to the instructors or teachers in this Normal school. Mr. Creed was elected a member of the Board of Governors of Aca- dia College in 1883 ; a senator of Acadia College in 1882, and secretary of the Sen- ate in 1883 ; all of which offices he now holds. In 1871 he was made one of the examiners of the college, and filled the ]io- sititm for several years. He is secretary of the Educational Institute of New Bruns- wick, having been re-elected every year from its organization in 1877 ; vice-president of the Ba})tist Ctmvention of the Maritime j)rovinces for tlie cmrrent year ; a (brt^ctor of the Ba])tist Annuity Association of New Brunswick and of the Maritime ]ia])tist Pub- lishing Co. He was at one time ])resident of the Associated Alumni of Acadia Col- lege ; president of the Fredericton Young Men's Christian Associati(m, and for eight years secretary of the Fredericton Auxili- ary Bible Society. Mr. Creed has been connected with the following among other Temperance s23ointed lieutenant-colonel of the militia of the county of Sunbury. by Governor Thomas Carleton, in 1784. and the two brothers settled at Sheffield, Sun- bury county. James Harrison married Charity Cowperthwaite, of a (Quaker family from Philadelphia, and in 1806 died, leaving five sons and four daughters. Their de- scendants are numerous, and are mostly settled in New Brunswick. Thomas Harri- son, the subject of our sketch, was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, under the tutor- shij) of Dr. Salmon, F.R.S., whose works have for many years been the standard treatises for advanced students in some of the highest branches of modern mathemati- cal science. He was a first honour man in mathematics, and was elected a mathemati- cal scholar in Trinity College in 1863. He also attended law lectures, and took the de- grees of B.A. and LL.B. in the University of Dublin in 1864, and afterwards the degrees of M.A. and LL.D. in the same university. In June, 1870, he was appointed professor of the English language and literature and of mental and moral philosophy in the Univer- sity of New Brunswick. In 1874 he was made, by the Dominion government, sujjer- intendent of the meteorological chief station at Fredericton, and in August, 1885, presi- dent of the University of New Brunswick, and professor of Mathematics by the Pro- vincial government. Mr. Harrison is a mem- ber of the Episcopal church. He married, in 1865. Susan Lois Tavlor, daughter of the late John S. Taylor, of Sheflield, N.B., and niece of Sir Leonard Tilley, K.C.M.G., lieutenant-governor of New Briins's^ick. The fruit of this marriage is two sons and a daughter. The eldest son, John Darley Harrison, is a member of the graduating class of 1887 in the University of New Brunswick. Biaiic'lict, Hon. Joicpli Ooderic, Collector of Customs, Quebec, is a descend- ant of one of the first families that came from France to Canada, and is a son of Louis Blanchet, of St. Pierre, Ri\'iere du Sud, and Marguerite Fontaine, who.se family came from Picardy, in France. Joseph G. Blanchet, the subject of our sketch, was born at St. Pierre, on the 7th June, 1829, and received his education in the arts at the Queljec Seminary and at the Ste. Anne Col- lege. He afterwards studied medicine with his uncle, Jean Baptiste Blanchet, M.D., and for many years practised his profession at Levis, during which time he stood high among his confreres of the medical frater- nity. Dr. Blanchet, jr., took an active in- terest in the militia of his native province, anti in 1863 he raised the 17th l)attalion of Yol- tmteer Militia Infantry, which he command- ed, holding the rank of lieutenant-colcmel. He had command of the 3rd administrative battalion on the frontier during the St. Al- bans raid in 1865, and the active militia force on the south shore of the St. Lawrence river, in the Quebec district, during the Fenian raid of the next year, and also in 1871. Dr. Blanchet, during his residence in Levis, occupied many prominent posi- 108 A CYCLOPEDIA OF tions. For six years he was its mayor. In 1870 he was elected president of the Cercle de Quebec ; in 1872 i^resident of the Levis and Kennebec Eailway ; and in 1873 he was ajipointed a member of the Catholic section of the Council of Public Instruction for the 25ro\'ince of Quel^ec. Though a busy man. Dr. Blanchet did not neglect the interests of his country. He took an active part in politics, and as early as 1857 he pre- sented himself as a candidate for Le'vis in the Legislative Assembly of Canada ; but, although he made a good run, in the end he was unsuccessful in securing his election. Four years later he again presented himself as a candidate in the same constituency and succeeded, and sat from 1861 until confed- eration in 1867, when he was returned by acclamation to the House of Commons. There he continued to sit until 187-4, being meantime sj^eaker of the House of Assem- bly of the ])rovince of Quebec, from the meeting of the first parliament after con- federation, until the dissolution of the sec- ond parliament in 1875. The year l^efore this latter date, in consequence of the jjass- ing of the law resi)ecting dual representa- tion, he resigned his seat in the House of Commons in order to continue to hold one in the provincial assembly, which he did, as representative for Levis, until the general elections in 1875, when he was defeated. In November of that year, a vacancy hav- ing occurred in the representation for Bellechasse. in consequence of the eleva- tion of the sitting meml)er. ^Ir. Fournier, who had been made a justice of the Su- preme Court of the Dominion, he present- ed himself for election, and was secured this seat ; and in September, 1878. he was once more returned for Le%-is. At the general election held in 1882 he was again returned by his old constituency, but only held the seat for about a year, when he resigned to accept the coUectorship of the port of Quebec, and this office he still holds. When the Hon. Mr. Blanchet was s^^eaker of the Quebec House of Assembly, he showed fine talents in that capacity, and made an admirable presiding officer, and some time before the fourth parliament had met. his name was again mentioned in connection with the speakership, he being a Conservative and his j^arty once more in power. On the meeting of the H(juse of Commons in February, 1879. he was unanimously elected sj^eaker of that august body, and the choice proved a %^-ise one. for he soon showed himself an adept in parliamentary rules and tactics, was jjrompt and impartial, and on his retire- ment from office carried with him the good will and respect of both sides of the House. In August, 1850, Hon. Mr. Blanchet was married to Emilie, daughter of G. D. Bal- zaretti. of Milan, Italy, and the fruit of this marriage has been six children, four of whom are dead, three ha^ang died in in- fancy. Harris, Mieliael Spurr.— The late Michael Spurr Harris, of Moncton, New Bruns-nick. who was born at Annapolis Eoyal, Nova Scotia, September 22nd. 1804. and married. May 11th. 1826, Sarah Ann Troop, of Gran^•ille, Annapolis county. N.S.. was descended from a long line of ancestors. One of these, Arthur Harris, came from Eng- land, and was among the earliest settlers in Duxbury. Plymouth county, Massachusetts. In 1640 he moved to Bridgewater. Mass., and a few years afterwards, about 1656, he took Tip his residence in Boston, where he died on the 10th June, 1674. leading a widow and five children. Samuel Harris, a direct descendant of Arthur Harris, married, in 1757, Sarah Cook, in Boston, from whence, about 1763, they emigrated to Nova Scotia, and settled in Annapolis county at a place called Mount Pleasant, near Bridgewater, and here Samuel Harris died in 1801, lea^-ing several children, among others the father of the subject of our sketch. Christopher Prince Harris, who died in Annapolis county, near Digby. 30th January. 1853, and his widow at the same place in 1862. Sarah Cook. T\-ife of Samuel Harris, was a grandchild of Francis Cook, who came ■^'ith the first Pil- grims from Plymouth. England, to Ply- moiith, America, in 1620. Six years after- wards her grandfather, on her mother's side, came out to the Plymouth settlement, and he it was who, in 1676. captured the cele- brated Indian chief " Annawan." Michael S2:)urr Harris received his early education in the jjarish schools of Nova Scotia, and passed his boyhood at his father's home in Digby county. N.S. When quite young he went to St. John. N.B.. and entered the employ of Mr. Peterson, a carriage-builder, where, after ser'-ing his apprenticeship, he began ])usiness ; and in 1826 married Sarah Ann Troop, and settled in St. John, con- tiniiing his trade of carriage-making. A few years later moving to Norton, King's CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 109 county, N.B., he extended his business, and remained there until the fall of 1836, when he moved with his family to Moncton, N.B., then called the Bend of Petitcodiac. Here he became largely interested in the lumber trade and shipping, building and owning vessels and sawmills. He was one of the earliest prominent business men, and fore- most in promoting the social, commercial, and industrial welfare of Moncton. Com- paratively self-educated, his manner of life did not throw him in conflict with others in political questions ; but he held liberal and advanced views on the leading questions of his day, and supported the policy of pro- vincial responsible government, the union of the provinces, and the encouragement of manufactures. He was a magistrate, and held a justice's court for many years. From aboiit 1840 to 1862 he was very actively engaged in shipbuilding and the shipment of lumber to England, which at that time were the leading industries of the province. His business called him frequently to Great Britain, and he was kno^\•n among shipping men in Liverpool as a man of strict busi- ness integrity. The town of Moncton elected him its mayor in 1859, a position which he filled with much ability. Possess- ed of strong natural powers, a fine jjhysique, a kindly and courteous manner, and a strong belief in the orthodox Christian faith, he hved a useful and exemplary life, and died at his home in Moncton, January 26th, 1866. of paralysis, a malady which had for some years previous deprived him of the active use of his limbs. His remains arc in the family lot at Moncton cemetery. Bell, Andrew AVilsoii, Carleton Place, Ontario, was born in the town of Perth, county of Lanark, Ontario, on the 14th February, 183-5. His grandfather, the Rev. William Bell, who came from Scotland in 1817, and was the finst Presbyterian minis- ter in Perth, died in 1857. His father, John Bell, carried on biTsiuess in the same town as a merchant from 1828 until 1849, when he died. A. W. Bell received his education in the old district grammar school in Perth, and after leaving school began a busy and useful career. In March, 1885, he com- menced business at Douglas, Renfrew coun- ty, with Charles Coulter, under the name of Bell, Coulter & Co., general merchants, and next year having admitted into the partnership Thomas Coulter, of Clayton, Lanark, they traded in the villages of Douglas and Eganville under the name of Bell & Coulter, and in Clayton as Coulter & Bell. The partnership was dissolved in the spring of 1858, each jDartner taking the branch he then had in charge. Mr. Bell was then a resident of Eganville, and in the spring of 1859 he sold out "his stock to the Coulters, and removed to Carleton Place for a few months. In the fall of the same year he again began business in Douglas, and in 1862 entered into partnership with Don- ald Cameron. The new firm did a large local mercantile trade, and sent several rafts of square timber to the Quebec market in 1863-4. This partnershij) was dissolved in 1864. Mr. Bell, in the years 1858, 1865 and 1866, carried on saAv- mills at Eganville and Douglas; and in 1864 and 1865, hav- ing joined William Halpenny, in Renfrew, under the name of A. W. Bell & Co., they carried on a general mercantile business. In 1867 Mr. Bell removed from Douglas to Newboro', Leeds county, and where he bought out the business belonging to John Draffin. In this place he remained until April, 1872, and then took iip his abode at Carleton Place. Here be prosecuted his mercantile business until 1875, and then, selling it out to a jaartner he had admitted in 1873, he retired into private life. In ad- dition to his other business enterprises, Mr. Bell has dealt considerably in real estate in the counties of Lanark and Renfrew, and has bought and sold many thousand acres of farm lands, and built several shops and dwellings in Carleton Place, which he still owns. In 1856 he w;is appointed jiostmas- ter in Eganville, Renfrew county, which position he held until 1859, when he re- signed ; again, in 1862, he was appointed jDostmaster of Douglas, in the same countv, and resigned in 1807. In March, 1862. he was made clerk of the Seventh Division Court for Lanark and Renfrew, but when these counties were sej^arated in Oct(jber, 1866, he gave u^o the position. In 1862 he was made a notary pul>lic, and also commis- sioner for taking affida\'its and an issuer of marriage licenses. I'l 1863 the Clovernment conferred upon him the commission of a jus- tice of ' he peace. In 1873 the Boanl of Trade of Ottawa appointed bini official assignee for the county of Lanark, and in 1875 the Government appointed him to the same office, and this office he held until the re^^eal (jf the Insolvency Act. Mr. Bell also acted in the capacity of creditors" fissignee 110 ^1 CYCLOPEDIA OF in the counties of Lanark, Renfrew and Pon- tine, and was arbitrator for tlie Canada Cen- tral Railway at Renfrew and at Pembroke, and purclia'sed part of the right of wav for the railway company. Mr. Bell was the origi- nator of the Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Rail- way and Steamship Company, — his name being first in the charter as passed by par- liament, — and he also had a hand in pro- curing two other North-West charters. Mr. Bell is a member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined in June, 1859. He held a commission as lieutenant, and afterwards captain, in the militia, dating from July, 1856. Though broiight up as a Presby- terian, Mr. Bell now attends the EjoiscojDal church, his wife being a member of that communion. He married, 27th July, 1857, Jane Andersen, daughter of the late James Gibb, merchant, of Glasgow, Scotland, Mrs. Bell died on 2nd June, 1886. Mclntyre, Right Rev. Peter, D.D., Bishop of Charlottetown, was bom at Cable Head, in the parish of St. Peter, Lot 41, King's county, Prince Edward Island, on the feast of SS. Peter and Paul, June 29th, 1818. His parents, Angus Mclntyre and Sarah McKinnon, Scotch Highland Catho- lics, emigrated from Southwest Inverness- shire to Prince Edward Island, towards the close of the last century. Providence blessed their industry and integrity ; and they Avere enabled not only to have " full and plenty " for a large family of sons and daughters, but also to extend the sacred rites of hospitality to all who came in the way. Mr. Melntyre's house at Cable Head was one of the princi- pal stations of the late Bishop McEachern in that part of the country — before there was a church at St. Peter's — and his chil- dren were naturally enough brought to the notice of the pious and discerning bishop. The }:)ishop, it is needless to say. entertained a very high regard for Angus Mclntyre and his family, and his lordship insisted that the youngest son, little Peter, should be sent to college to be educated for the chiirch. Mr. Mclntyre was well aware that the proposed undertaking would be exceedingly heavy, at a time when schools were few and means were not easily obtained. But out of re- spect for the wishes of his ])isliop, he gen- erously acted U2>olis of his province. That such a great worker deserves and receives the gratitude of his own people might be expected, that he should and does command the admiration of all classes is only reasonable ; and that he en- joys the esteem of his peers is witnessed by the number of bishops and archbisho])s who did him honour on the occasion of his silver jubilee, which was celebrated in Char- lottetown, on the 12th of August, 188.5, amid the congratulations and good wishes of all classes, creeds and nationalities in the com- munity. Fitxserald, Rev. David, U.D., Char- lottetown, Prince Edward Island. This reverend and highly respected divine was born at Tralee, in the county of Kerry, Ire- land, on the 3rd of December, 1813. He is the eldest surviving son of William Fitz- gerald, barrister-at-law of xldrivale, county of Kerry, who married Anne, sole daughter and heiress of the Rev. Robert Minnitt, of Blackfort, county of Tipperary, and rector of Tulla, county of Clare, whose ancestor, Captain John Minnitt, came to the country in the reign of Charles II. One of Mr. Fitzgerald's ancestors was a captain in King James' army. This gentleman lived during the reign of six English mcmarchs, and died at the advanced age of 116 years. Rev. Mr. Fitzgerald was educated at schools in Ckmmel and Limerick, and ol)tained his A. B. degree and divinity testimonium at Trinity College, Dublin, fn February, 1848, he married Cherry Christina, second daughter of Rowan Purdon, M.D., a phy- sician of established reputation and ex- tensiv(> pracitice in Kerry, his native Ci)uuty. His brother, Richard, was a fellow of Tri- nity College, Dublin, and his son, George, was a scholar in the same imiversity. In June, 184.5, after a creditable examination by Rev. I. T. Russel, archdeacon of Clogher, he was ordained deacon at Tuam by Lord Plunket, iHshop of the diocese, and in 1846 was ordained priest by Lord Riversdale, bishop of Killaloe, on letters dimissory from the bishoja of Clogher. He began his min- istry as curate to Rev. Geo. Sidney Smith, D.D., ex-fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, at Cooltrain, county of Fermanagh. He then had charge of the district church, at Maguire's Bridge, in the same county, where as secretary to the Poor Relief Com- mittee of that place, he established a soup kitchen for its famine-stricken inhabitants, and was the means by obtaining subscrip- tions froni absentee landlords and other benevolently disposed persons, with a ton of rice from the Quakers, of providing daily suitable cooked food for four hundred fam- ilies for several months, and left on his de- 2)arture over £100 in the hands of the com- mittee to carry on the work. In June, 1847, he came out to Prince EdAvard Island as assistant minister to Rev. Dr. Jenkins, then rector of St. Paul's Church. On the retirement of Dr. Jenkins and that of his successor, Rev. C. Lloyd, in 1857, he was appointed rector of the jaari^h, which he served without intermission for thirty-eight years, when in 1885 he retired from active duty. For uj^wards of twenty years he was a member of the board of education, and a trustee of the Lunatic Asylum, and for some time was chaplain of the Legislative Council. He is the author of several printed sermons and pamphlets, and has delivered lectures on various subjects for several years. In 1881 he took the degrees of A.^M., B. I)., and D.D.,,at King's College, Windsor. On several occasions since his retirement, he has occupied the pulpit in the parish church and in other churches in the 2)rovinee, and hopes while he has the power of utterance to speak a word for the Master and for the edification of his followers. Three of his children have been called from this world, and three remain, viz.. Rowan Robert, Q.C., stipendia]-y magistrate and recorder of Char- lottetcnvn ; Sithiey David, chemist and druggist, now residing at Kansas, U.S.,; and Minnitt John, f(jr many years connected with the Uni(jn Bank of Charlottetown. iioav amaliijamated with the Nova Scotia bank of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 113 Halifax. Mr. Fitgerald's religious \-ie"W'S have undergone no change. He is to-day what he Avas fifty years ago, an Evangelical churchman. He has been a member of the L. O. A. since 1832, when he became secre- tary to Calvin lodge. No. 1509, then estab- hshed in Dublin. In 1848 he joined the order of the Sons of Temperance, and is a member of the National division. He has seen some service and undergone some labour, and trusts that the years already j^ast have not been spent in vain. Brock, major-General Sir Isaac, K.B., was the eighth son of John Brock, and was Ijorn in the joarish of St. Peter's, Port Guernsey, on the 6th of October, 1769, the same year which gave birth to Napoleon and Wellington. He entered the army as ensign in the 8th Regiment of Infantry by purchase, on the 2nd of March, 178.5. In 1790 he was joromoted to the rank of lieu- tenant, and at the close of the same year obtained his captaincy and exchanged into the 49th regiment. In June, 179.5, he pur- chased his majority, and on the 25th of October, 1797, he was gazetted lieutenant- colonel. In a little more than seven years he had risen from the rank of ensign to that of lieutenant-colonel. He served with his regiment in the expedition to Holland under Sir Ralph Abercrombie in 1799. He greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Eg- mont-of-Zee, where he was wounded. He was second in command of the land forces in the celebrated attack on. Copenhagen l)y Lord Nelson in April, 1801. On its return from Copenhagen the 49th Ava£ stationed at Colchester till the spring of 1802, when it was ordered to Canada, where its distin- guished commander earned the fame and performed the gallant services which have so endeared his memory to the Canadian people. At Fort George, shortly after his arrival in Canada, Brock quelled an at- temped mutiny with great firnmess and tact. His regiment soon became cme of the most reliable in the service. In 1806 Bi-ock succeeded to the command of the troops in Canada, and took up his residence in (Que- bec. In 1811 Lieutenant-Governor Gore went to England on leave, and Major- General Brock was appointed administrator of the government, — and thus happened to be the civil as well as the military head of the province of Upper Canada on the out- break of the war with the United States in 1812. He at once threw himself with great G vigour, and with the full force of his soldierly in.stincts, into preparations for the war. Upper Canada then had a population of only some seventy thousand ; the United States had a population of about ten mil- lions. In Upper Canada many of the settlers were aliens from the States — half-hearted. if not absolutely disloyal. The timid view- ed the outlook with grave misgivings. In fact, the surroundings were enough to dis- courage the stoutest heart. It was in these circumstances, entering upon what seemed almost a hoi^eless struggle, that the noble courage, the unfaltering determination, and the 2)erfect faith in his country, of General Brock shone out Avith such striking bril- liancy. Our Canadian poet, Charles Mair, in his drama of "Tecumseh," has given fine expression to the spirit which animated Brock, when he puts in his mouth these Avords : — BROCK. " 'Tis true our province faces heavy oddn : Of regulars but fifteen hundred men Tfi ^uard a frontier of a thousand miles ; Of volunteers what aidance we can draw From seventy thousand widely scattered souls. A meag-re showing,' 'gainst the enemy's, If numbers be the test. But odds lie not In numbers only, but in spirit too — Witness the mi^dit of England's little isle I .Vnd what made England great will keep her so — The free soul and the valour of her sons ; And what exalts her will sustain you now, If you contain her courage and her faith. So not the odds so much are to be feared As private disaffection, treachery — Those openers of the door to enemies — And the poor crouching spirit that gives way Ere it is forced to yield . " Brock's first step on the outbreak of the Avar was to ask the House of Assembly to suspend the Habeas Corpus Act. which they refxised to do by a majority of tAvo A'otes. He therefore prorogued the House and took prompt measures to resist General Hull, Avho, Avith an army of tAvo thousand five hundred men, had invaded the province at Sandwich. The militia AA'ere called out, a feAv disaffected people Avere ordered out of the country, and at the head of a small force of regulars and Canadian volunteers. r. LouIm Edoiiard, Montreal, was born at Terrebonne, on the 10th of Sej^tember, 1837. According to the " Dietionnaire Ge'ne'alogique " of I'Abbe Tanguay, his ancestors came to the country more than two hundred years ago. He married 31ademoiselle Emilie Zaide Pare', second daughter of Hubert Pare', a partner in the large commercial firm founded by F. Souligny, one of the most important firms of Montreal at that period. Dr. Desjardins entered upon his classical studies at the College Masson, Terrebonne, and termin- ated them at the Seminary of Xicolet. After practising medicine in Montreal dur- ing seven or eight years, he took a first trip to Europe to stiidy o^^hthalmology. On his return, a year after, he established at the Hotel- Dieu. of Montreal, a special depart- ment for the treatment of eye diseases. In 1872. he made a second voyage to Europe to complete his ophthalmic studies. He fol- lowed the clinics of Bowman and Critchett, in London; and of Giraud-Teulon, Wecker, Sichel and Meyer, in Paris. During his sojourn in London, he was admitted a mem- ber of the International Congress of Ophthal- mology. "When he returned to Montreal in 1873, he founded the ophthalmic institute of the Nazareth Asylum, for the gratuitous treat- ment of the poor suffering from diseases of the eye, and at the same time to give clinics on those diseases to the medical students. It is the first institution of the kind founded in Montreal. He was one of the foimders of the "Societe Me'dicale," and of the jour- nal L'Unioi Mtdicdle, to Avhich he was a contriVjutor for many years. This year ( 1887), in concert with the Hon. Dr. Pa- (piet. Dr. Hingston. and Dr. Beausoleil. he founded the Gazette MedU-aJe, of Montreal. Since 1870. he has been surgeon-oculist to the Hotel-Dieu, and professor of ophthal- mology at the School of Medicine and Sur- gery of Montreal. He is one of the foun- ders and one of the supporters of the news- paper. UEtendard. He advocated, and was chiefly instrumental in bringing about, the nomination of a Eoyal Commission, in 1883. to institute an inquiry into the affairs of the Catholic schools of jMontreal : and before that commission he energetically took the defence of the fathers of families against the encroachments of the school commissioners of that city. In the diffi- culties which arose between the School of Medicine (Victoria) and Laval Universitv, from 1876, he took an active part in the struggle the school had to sustain for the maintenance of its rights. In consequence of an erroneous interpretation of the decrees of Rome, in relation to the establishment of Laval at Montreal, the Archbishoj) of Que- ])ec I now Cardinal Taschereau) and nearly all the bishops of the jinndnce of Quelaec. undertook to destroy the School of Medicine, in order to give more scope to the Laval branch. The school tried, but vainly, to defend its cause with the episcopacy ; and in June, 1883, Mgr. Ta.scherean fulminated against this institution his famous sejitence of re1)ellion against the church. Dr. Desjar- dins was then delegated to Rome, to appeal from the sentence. Des^nte this, the bishops H6 .4 CYCLOPyEDIA OF of Montreal, St. Hyacintlie, and Sherbrooke in their turn hurled sentences of excommu- nication against the professors and pupils of the school, and even against the parents who should continue to send their children to it. Once in Rome, Dr. Desjardins was enabled to lay his appeal at the feet of the Holy Father, and obtained a favourable judgment. The order '■' Saspende omnia,'''' was sent by a telegram of the Cardinal- Prefect of the Proj^aganda to the Bishop of Montreal, on the 24th of August, 1883. In the month of September following. Mgr. Smeulders was delegated by Leo XIII., as Apostolic Commissioner to Canada, with power to definitely settle the difficulties ex- isting between Laval and the school. At the present day the School of Medicine is doing its noble work as in the past, and has more than two hundred pupils. Dickson, William Welland, M.D.. Pembroke, Ontari.', was born on the 9th of January, 1841, at Pakenham. county of Renfrew. His father, Samuel Dickson, and mother, Catherine Lowe, were both natives of Ireland. When b;it eighteen years of age, Mr. Dickson, sen., came to Canada, and like many a young man in those days, was "with- out money, but possessed of a great deal of faith in his own right arm. Shortly after his arrival he married and began to make for himself a home in the township of Pak- enham, in Lanark county. Things sxic- ceeding. he commenced the manufacture of square timber, and after a while became a successful lumber manufacturer and ex- porter. He lived and died in the township in which he first settled. William received his education at the Perth Grammar School, Ontario, at Bishoji's College. Lemlox^-ille, Quebec, and pursued his medical studies at McGUl College, Montreal, where he gra- duated. He began the practice of his pro- fession at Portage du Fort, in June, 1863, and in 1866 removed to Pembroke, where he has since resided, and succeeded in build- ing up a paying business. He is also prin- cipal in the business conducted by the Dickson Drug Ccjmpanv in the same place. From 1870 to 1874. Dr. Dickson held the position of captain of No. 7 company, 42nd Battalion of Volunteers, and from 1873 to the jiresent time, he has acted as coroner for the county of Renfrew. During the years 1877. '78. '79, he had a seat in the town council of Pembroke, and in 1880. '81. '82. he was niavor of the same town. From 1881 to 1886, he was one of the examiners of the College of Physicians and Siirgeons of On- tario. Dr. Dickson's parents were Presby- terians, and he has followed in the same safe path. In 1869, he was married to Jessie Rattray, daughter of D. M. Rattray, of Portage du Fort, province of Quebec. Stockton, Alfred Augu§tU!ii, Bar- rister-at-Law, D.C.L.. Ph.D., LL.D.. M.P.P. for the city and coimty of St. John, New Brunswick, residence. St. John. Avas born November 2nd. 1842, at Studholm. Kings county, N. B. His father is William A. Stockton, of Sussex. Kings county. N.B., and his mother, Sarah, daughter of the late Robert Oldfield. who came to this coimtry from Stockport. England. He is descended on the paternal side from Richard Stockton, who emigrated from Cheshire. England some years j^rior to 1660, settled for a short time in Long Island. New York, and afterwards removed to Princeton, New Jersey, where he became the grantee of extensive tracts of land. His great-great grandfather was Richard Witham Stockton, who was born at Princeton, N.J.. in 1733, and was a cousin of his namesake who signed the Declaration of Independence. Richard W. Stockton served under the Cro'n-n with the rank of major during the war of the revolution. His son. Andrew Hunter Stockton (Mr. Stockton's great- grandfather ), also served under the Crown, ■n-ith the rank of lieutenant, throughout the revohitionary war. and at its close they both, with other members of the family, came with the L'. E. loyalists to St. John, then known as Parr Town. They were among the original grantees of that city. They .subsequently removed to Sussex. Kings county, and became grantees of ex- tensive tracts of land there. His great- grandfather. Lieutenant Andrew Hunter Stockton, was married at St. John ( Parr Town) on the 4th day of April. 1784, to Hannah Lester. It was the first marriage which took j^lace at Parr Town. Alfred A. Stockton was educated at the Academy and at the University of Mount Allison College. Sackville. N.B. : graduated B.A. there in 1864. being the valedictorian of his cla.ss. and M.A. in 1867. He also graduat- ed LL.B. at A'ictoria University. Coljourg. Ontario, in 1869 : Ph.D.. on examination at Ilhnois Wesleyan University in 1883. and received the degree of D.C.L. from the Uuiversitv of Mount Allison in 1884 : CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 117 also LL.D. in course from Victoria Uni- versity in 1887. He studied law with bis itncle, the late C. W. Stockton, and was admitted to the bar of New Brunswick in Trinity term, 1868, and was for some years senior member of the law firm of A. A. and K. O. Stockton, of St. John, N.B. This legal firm having been dissolved, he is now practising law on his own account. As an advocate and as a speaker, Mr. Stockton stands high, and has done good ser\ice for his j^rofession in compiling the rules of the Vice- Admiralty Court of New Brunswick, and editing in 1882, with very extensive notes, " Berton's RejDorts of the Supreme Court of New Bruns'^'ick." He is an exam- iner for degrees at the University of Mount Allison in jjolitical economy and constitu- tional history, and in law at Victoria Uni- versity : is also registrar of the Court of Vice-Admiralty of New Bruns-svick ; a di- rector of the Pro\'incial Bi;ilding Society of New Brunswick, and legal ad\'iser of the same ; a member of the Board of Gover- nors of the University of Mount Allison College and secretary of the Board : presi- dent of the Historical Society of New Brunswick ; a member of the Council of the Barristers' Society of the province ; a director of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, and also its legal ad\dser and prosecuting counsel. He was at one time a director of the St. .John Me- chanics' Institute and corresponding secre- tary of that corporation. In July. 18H3, a vacancy ha\-ing occurred in the New Brunswick Assemblv, in consequence of the death of the Hon. Wm. Elder, LL.D., the jjrovincial secretary, on the 28rd of August following, Mr. Stockton was elected to the House of Assembly to represent the city and county of St. John, to fill the va- cancy caused by Mr. Elder's death. He was returned again for the same constitu- ency at the last general election in April, 1886. He was appointed in June, 1887, by the government of New Brunswick, an advisory and honorary member of the commission to re])ort upon the amend- ment of the '• Law and Practice and Consti- tution of the Courts of that Province." Mr. Stockton was opposed to the confedera- tion of the provinces under the terms of the Act of Union, but favoured a union of the Maritime pro\-iuces. Having been brought up in the old school of New B^uns^\'ick Liberals, he is naturally op- posed to the jwlicy of jirotection so-called. He is a Liberal in Dominion politics, and in favour of manhood suffrage, and thinks the lieutenant-governors of the different jjrovinces should be elected by the people of the j^ro^dnce at large, and that the Sen- ate of Canada should be elected for a spe- cific term either by the direct vote of the constituencies or by the Provincial legisla- tures. He has always taken an active in- terest in higher education, and has written considerable for publication on different sulijects. At one time was one of the edi- tors of the Maritime Monthly, since ceased puljlication, and also a correspondent of La Revue Critique of Montreal, which has also stopped puVilication. Mr. Stockton for a number of years took an active interest in military affairs, and held a commission as captain in the militia of the pro'V'ince at the time of the union in 1867. He is a past master of the Masonic order, and a mem- ber of the Grand Lodge of New Bruns- wick. He is also prominently identified with the temperance reform movement. In religious matters he is a member of the Methodist denomination, and has al- ways belonged to that church, and at pre- sent is one of the trustees of the Cen- tenary Methodist Chnrcli in St. John. He was married on the 5th September, 1871, to Amelia E., seccmd daughter of the Rev. Humphrey Pickard, 1). D., of Sackville, N.B., Avho was for over a quarter of a cen- tury president of the educaticmal institii- tious at Sackville, and one of the most pnnninent educationists of the Maritime j^roAinces of Canada. Cram, .loliti Fairbairn, Wool Mer- chant and Farmer, Carleton Place, Ontario, was born on October 13, 1833, in the to^Ti- ship of Beckwith, county of Lanark, Onta- rio. His grandfather, Peter Cram, in the year 1820, with his wfe, five of his sons and two daughters, left their native village of Comrie, in Perthshire, Scotland, and set out for Canada, to seek their fortune as farmers. After a tedious journey l)y sea and land, extending over two months, they reached the township of Beckwith, in Lanark, On- tario, where their eldest scm John had settled two years before, and had prepared for them a primitive shanty in the woods. Here the family took up their tem])orary abode, and shortly afterwards, the father and several of his sons selected lauds in the eleventh con- cession of Beckwith. The lots thev se- 118 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF lected were of good (jiiality. and though hea\-il_y timbered, these sturdy Scotch pio- neers "did not feel the least dismayed, but soon siicceeded in making a clearing in the forest, and estabUshing a comfortable home for themselves. In 1830. James, one of the sons of Peter Cram, and the father of the sub- ject of our sketch, married Janet, daiighter of JohnMcPhail. of the townshi}? of Drum- mond. and settled on a lot adjoining his father's farm, and in course of time this worthy couple were Ijlessed -with a family of six sons and three daughters, all of whom are still lining, though they and their des- cendants are now scattered throughout Canada and the United States. The old couj^le passed away a few years ago. Mr. Cram at the age of eighty-seven years, and Mrs. Cram about ten years younger, both greatly respected and regretted by their numerous relatives and neighbours. John Fairbairn, who was the second eldest son of James Cram, was at the age of seven years sent to a school about three miles from home, and was able to attend pretty regular until May, 1846. when unfortunately his father's dwelling house, with barn and all other outbuildings, were destroyed h\ fire, when he had to give up attending school and go to work on the farm. After this he had few opjiortunities presented him in the way of school learning ; and at the age of seventeen left home and apj^ren- ticed himself to John Murdock. of Carleton Place, as a tanner, for three years. He honourably served his ajjprenticeship. and in the spring of 1853. joined in a partner- ship with his brother, Peter, when they built for themselves a tannery at Ajjpleton, about three miles from Carleton Place. The bro- thers carried on the tanning business pretty extensively for about sixteen years, when •John sold out his interest in the Ijusiness to Peter, and remo\ing to Carleton Place, erect- ed a wool and jjelt establishment for himself. In 1872. Mr. Cram Avas elected a member of the Board of Education of Carleton Place, and was re-elected continuously for the fol- lowing twelve years. He occupied a seat in the Municipal Council of the -village for eleven years, three of which he presided as reeve. At the end of this period, finding the position too onerous, he decline' I re-elec- tion. Mr. Cram is a total abstainer, and has been connected with tlie order of the Sons of Temperance, the Good Templars, and the County Temperance Alliance. In religious matters, he is an adherent of the church of his fathers — the Presbyterian church. Twenty-seven years ago he became a mem- ber of this church, and for the last eigh- teen years has been one of its managing committee, and six years ago was elected a deacon of the church. In politics, he is a staunch Reformer, and is j^resident of the Reform Association of Carleton Place. Mr. Cram has been fairly successful in business, and although like many another self-made man. has had his trials and difficulties, yet he can afford to look back on his struggles and say that A^ith the help of God and an in- domitable \\i\\. I have succeeded in making enough of this world's goods to enable me to spend the rem under of my days in com- fort. In 186-5. Mr. Cram was married to Margaret, only surviN-ing daughter of Wil- liam Wilson, of Appleton. This estimable lady died on the 21st of November. 1886. The fruit of the union was one daughter f deceased J and three sons. Ro<>i!>>, Alexander ]?Iiltoii, M. D., Montreal, the eminent Canadian philan- thropist, scientist and author, has had a career of striking interest. He was born on December 13th. 1832. in Belleville, On- tario. His father, William Ross, was a grandson of Captain Alexander Ross, an officer of General Wolfe's army of invasion. Captain Ross took ^^art in the battle on the Plains of Aliraham, which resulted in the I defeat of the French and the conquest of all Canada. He subsequently received a grant of lands from the Crown, and settled in Prince Edward County. Fjij^er Canada, where he lived until his death, which oc- curred in 1805. Captain Alexander Ross was a grandson of Alexander Ross, laird of Balnagown. Ro.ss-shire. Scotland, who de- scended in a direct line from Hugh Ross, of Rariehes. second son of Hugh, the sixth and last Earl of Ross, of the old family. Dr. Ross's grandmother, (jn his father's side, was Hannah Prudence Williams, a descend- ant of Roger Williams (1595-1683). the famous liljeral preacher, and apostle of free- dom, of Rhode Island. His mother. Fred- eiika Grant, was the youngest daughter of •Tohn Grant of the British army, who died from wounds received at Niagara, in the war of 1812-1814. His maternal grand- mother was Mary .Teuks, a daughter of Jo.se])h Jenks, cfjlonial governor of Rhode Island. Governor .Teidvs has left a famous record of ])u1}lic services. He was speaker CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 119 of the House of Representatives of Khoele Island, from Oct., 1698, to 1708; deputy governor from May, 1715, to May, 1727; governor from May. 1727, to May, 1732. He was a staunch and persistent friend and advocate of political and religions liberty. In his boyhood Dr. Ross made his way to New York city, and after struggling with many adversities, became a compositor in the office of the Evening Post, then edited and owned by William CiiUeu Bryant, the poet. Mr. Bryant became much interested in young Ross, and ever after remained his steadfast friend. It was during this ])eriod that he became acquainted with General Garibaldi, who at that time was a resident of New York, and employed in making candles. This acquaintance soon ripened into a warm friendship, which continued unbroken do^\'n to Garibaldi's death in 1882. It was through Dr. Ross's efforts in 1874 that Gariljaldi obtained his pen- sion from the Italian government. In 1851 Dr. Ross began the study of medicine, under the direction of the eminent Dr. Valentine Mott, and subsequently under Dr. Trail, the celebrated hygienic phy- sician. After four years of unremitting toil, working as compositor during the day and studying medicine at night, he received his degree of M.D. in 1855, and shortly after received the appointment of surgeon in the army of Nicaragua, then cf)mmanded by General William Walker. He subse- quently became actively and earnestly en- gaged in the anti-slavery struggle in the United States, which culminated in the liberation from bondage of four millions of slaves. Dr. Ross was a })ersonal friend and co-worker of Cajitain John Brown, the martyr. Although Dr. Ross's sphere of labour in that great struggle for human freedom was less public than that of many other workers in the cause, it was not less important, and required the exercise of greater caution, courage and determination, and also involved greater jiersonal risks. Senator Wade, vice-president of the United States, said, in speaking of the aljolition- ists: — " Never in the history of the world did the same number of men perform so great an amount of good for the human race and for their country as the once des- pised abolitionists, and it is my duty to add that no one of their numljer .submitted to greater privations, perils or sacrifices, or did more in the pjreat and noble work than Alexander Ross." He has received the benediction of the philanthropist and poet, Whittier, in the following noble words, which find their echo in the hearts of thou- sands : — DR. A. M. ROSS. • For his stpadfa^t strength and courage In a dark and evil time, When the Golden Rule was treason, And to feed the hungry, crime. For the poor slave's hope and refuge, When the hound was on his track, And saint and sinner, state and church, Joined hands to send him back. Blessings upon him l~What he did For each sad, suffering one, Chained, hunted, scourged and bleeding, Unto our Lord was done. John G. Whittier, Secrctar;/ of the Convention in 1833, u-hich foi mcd the American Anti-Slavcrii Society). The sincere radical abolitionists, with whom Dr. Ross was labouring, were despised, hated and ostracised by the rich, the pow- erful and the so-called higher classes; but Dr. Ross always possessed the courage of his opinions, and j^refers the ajjjjroval of his o"s\Ti conscience to the smiles or favours of men. During the Southern rebellion he was employed by President Lincoln as con- fidential correspondent in Canada, and ren- dered very important ser\'ices to the United States government. For this he received the special thanks of President Lincoln and Secretary Seward. When the war ended, with the d(A\Tifall of the Confederacy, Dr. Ross offered his services to President Juarez, of Mexico, and received the appointment of surgeon in the Re])ublican army. The caj^ture of Maximillian. and the speedy overthrow of the empire, rendered Dr. Ross's ser\'ices unnecessary, and he returned to Canada and to the congenial and more joeaceful ^^ursuits of a naturalist. The ob- ject of his ambition now was to collect and classify the fauna and flora of his native country, a labour never before attempted by a Canadian. He has collected and clas- sified five hundred and seventy species of birds that regularly or occasionally visit the Dominion of Canada ; two hundred and forty sj^ecies of eggs of birds that Ijreed in Canada; two hundred and forty-seven species of mammals, reptiles, and fresh water fish; three thousand four hundred species of insects; and two thoiisaml species of ' Canadian flora. The Monfreiil Herald oi 120 A CYCLOPEDIA OF August 19, 1884. says : — '" Dr. Ro.ss has been a member of the British Association of Science for the last fourteen years, and of the French and American Associations for the past ten years. The following brief sketch will, therefore, jjrove doubly inter- esting in ^■iew of the approaching gathering of scientific men (meeting of the British Association. Sept.. 1884j, in this city. He has devoted sjjecial attention to the ornith- ology, ichthyology, botany and entomology of Canada: has ])ersonally made large and valuable collecti(jns of the fauna and flora of Canada: has enriched by his contribu- tions the natural history museiims of Paris, St. Petersburg. Vienna, Piome, Athens, Dresden. Lisbon. Teheran and Cairo, with collections of Canadian fauna and tiora. He is author of ''Birds of Canada" (1872), " Butterflies and Moths of Canada " ( 1873), •'Flora of Canada"' (1873). "Forest Trees of Canada ■■ (1874 ).'• Mammals, Eeptiles, and Fresh water Fishes of Canada '" ( 1878), ••Recollections of an Abolitionist'' (1867). •■ Ferns and AVild Flowers of Canada '" I 1877). •• Friendly "Words to boys and Yomig Men " ( 1884). '• Vaccination a Med- ical Delusion" (1885), and '"Natural Diet of Man ■■ ( 1886 ). He received the degrees of M.D. (1855). and M.A. (1867): and was knighted hj the Emj^eror of Russia (1876). "King of Italy (1876). King of Greece (1876), King of Portugal (1S77). King of Saxony (1876). and received the Medal of Merit from the Shah of Persia i 1884 ). the decoration of honour from the Khedive of Egypt (1884), and the decora- tion of the Academic Franoaise from the government of France ( 1879 |. He was of- fered ( and declined ) the title of Ijaron l)y the King of Bavaria, in recogniti(jn of his labcjurs as a naturalist, and was a]>])ointed consul to Canada ])\ the King of Belefium and the King of Denmark. Dr. Ross was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature and the Linnean and Zoological .Societies of England; the Royal Societies of Anticpiaries of Denmark and Greece: the Imperial Society of Naturalists of Rus.sia: the Imperial Botanical and Zoological So- ciety of Austria: the Royal Academy of Science of Palermo. Italy: a memljerof the Entomological Societies of Russia. Ger- ! many. Italy. France. Switzerland. Belgium, j Boliemia and Wurtemburg: member of the j Hygienic Societies of France. Germany and ! Switzerland: honorarv meml)er of the Rovai ' Canadian Academy of Arts, and member of the European Congress of Ornithol- ogy. For several years past Dr. Ross has laboured with his characteristic zeal and energy in behalf of moral and physical re- form. ' He is the founder (1880) of the Canadian Society for the Diffusion of Phy- siological Knowledge, and enlisted the sym- pathy and active support of the Archbishop of Canterbury, Earl Shaftesbury, the Arch- bishop of Toronto, and two hundred and forty clergymen of different denominations, and three hundred Canadian scho(jl-teach- ers in the work of distributing his tracts on " The E^als Arising from Unphysiolo- gical Habits in Youth "' : over one milhon cojwes of these tracts were distributed ! among the youth of Britain and Canada, j calling forth thousands of letters expressing gratitude from parents and friends of the I young. Dr. Ross is one of the founders of the St. Louis Hygienic College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, in which he is professor of hygiene, sanitation and physiology. He is always on the side of the poor and the oppressed, no matter how un25opular the cause may be. He does his duty as he sees it, regardless of consequences to him- self. The philanthropic Quakeress. Lucre- tia Jenks, thus speaks of Dr. Ross: — No, friend Ross ! thou art not old ; A heart so true, so kind, so bold, As in thj' bosom throbs to-day, Never 1 never I will decay. Some I know, but half thy years, Are quite deaf to all that cheers ; They are dumb when they should speak. And blind to all the poor and weak. There are none I know, in sooth, Who part so slowly with their youth, As men like thee, who take delight In helping others t" li\e right. Llcretia .Jknks. Rhode Island, 22, llmo., 1885. When Dr. Ross had attained his fiftieth Ijirthday. he was the reci}>ient of many tokens of regard and congratulations from friends and co-workers. From the poet AVhittier the following: — Dear Fkienu— -Thy fifty years have not been idle ones, but filled with good works ; I hope an- other half century may be added to them. From Wendell Phillips: — My OEAii E'i>s— Measured liy tiie good y"U have ert Itaiidoipli, Newcas- tle. New Brunswick, was born in Newcastle, Miramichi, N.B., September 12, 1837. His father, Obrdiah Call, was a native of the state of Maine, having Iteen born in the ^'illage of Dresden, August 1, 1800, and is still alive. Margaret Burke, his mother, was born in Limerick, Ireland, in 1810, and came to Miramichi ^\'ith her father, who was a house-carpenter, shortly after the great fire in 1825. She died on the lOtli of May, 1877. Robert, the subject of this sketch, was educated at the Grammar School of Newcastle, and soon after leaving this in- stitution develoj)ed an aj^titude for business. In 1871, in company with John C. Miller, he l)uilt the side-Avheel steamer Neir Era, and established the first line of passenger steamers that ran on the Miramichi river. During the past twenty-five years he has been interested in the steamboat business, and occupied the 2:)osition of agent for the (Quebec and Gulf Ports Steamshijj Com])auy, and for other lines of steamers that have called at the pcjrt of Newcastle. On Novem- ber 26, 1866, he received the a])pointment of United States Consular Agent at New- castle. In June. 1867, was elected chair- man of the Northumljerland County Alms- house Commissioners; and in January. 1874, was made a member of the board of Pilot- age Commissi(juers for the Miramichi dis- trict of New Brunswick, under the Pilotage Act. which then came into foice. and was 122 .4 CYCLOPEDIA OF chosen its secretary-treasurer. Mr. Call is owner of the gas works in his native toAvn, and they are operated under his o^v■n imme- diate direction. On the 9th Septemljer, 1865, he was appointed a lieutenant in the 2nd battalion Northumberland County Mi- litia: and on October 1st. 1868, at a public meeting held in the town of Newcastle for the purpose of organizing a battery, was chosen captain of the Newcastle Field Bat- tery of Artillery, and was gazetted as such on the 18th December of the same year. On the 18th December. 1873. he was made major, and lieutenant-colonel on the 4th February, 1885. He still retains the com- mand of this l)attery, which he was mainly instrumental in raising. In 1875 this corps was called into active service during the school riots in Caraquet. Gloucester county. Lieutenant-Colonel Call, with Lieutenant Mitchell second in command, and part of the battery, in all forty six persons, with horses, sleds, two nine-pounder guns, am- munition, etc.. left Newcastle on the after- noon of the 28th January for Bathurst, the shire town of Gloucester county, and had to traverse a distance of fifty-five miles through a comparatively desolate country. The weather Avas very unsettled, and more severe than it had been for years. The snow was fully four feet deep on the level, while in many places it was drifted so badly that the men had to shovel for hours before the teams could pass. They, however, after experi- encing great fatigue, and with hard labour, succeeded in reaching their destination on the evening of the 29th. ha-ving accom- plished the joTimey in twenty-eight hours, without resting, except while the horses were being fed on the road, the men in the meantime keeping their seats on the sleds, and eating the j^rovisions they had brought from home Avith them. On their arrival in Bathurst they found that twenty- six of the leading rioters had been safely lodged in the jail there. The infantry that followed them j^roceeded to Caraquet. Here the battery remained for about six weeks, making the court house their bar- racks, until the excitement was calmed down and quiet was restored. Mr. Call became a member f)f Northumberland lodge, A. F. and A. Masons, in 1863, and in the years 1866 and 1867 was master of the lodge. In 1S73 he was appointed re^ire- sentative to the Grand Lodge of New Jer- sev. He is also a meinl_)er of tlie Northum- berland Highland Society, and one of its vice-presidents. He has travelled a good deal, ha%"ing visited England for his health in 1863, going over and returning in a sailing vessel. In 1881 he went, via Lake Superior, to Rainy River, Lake of the Woods, Winnijieg, etc., to Portage la Prairie, then the extreme end of the Cana- dian Pacific Railway, for the jiurpose of having a look at tins wonderful country, and has taken an occasional trip to the United States. Mr. Call is a Presbyterian, is one of the Trustees of St. James' Church, and has been its secretary and treasurer since 1874. He was married! May 21st, 1862, to Annie Rankin Nevin, who Avas born in Stonehaven, Kincardineshire, Scotland, on 5th December, 1836. I>o\vdail, James. — The deceased, James Dowdall, Avho for many years ^irac- tised as a Barrister-at-Law in the toAvn of Almonte, Ontario, was born at Perth, coun- ty of Lanark, (m the 31st December, 1853, and died on the 27th October, 1885. His father, EdAvard D|>c,M.D., Mont- real, was born at L'Assomiition, county of L'Assomptiou. July 3rd, 1825. His grand- father. Rerre Rottot. Avho had been gazet- ted captain of the Canadian Voltigeiim in 1812. was killed at the battle of St. Regis, on the 20th October of the same year. After his death, his son, Pierre Rottot, the doc- tor's father, was appointed lieutenant to the " Chasseurs Canadiens." commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel de Courci, and was pre- sent at the different engagements which took place between the English and Ameri- can troops duriug the war of 1812, among others at the expedition t(; the Salmon river, and at tlie battles of Plattsburg and Chrys- ler's Farm. Dr. Rottot received his educa- tion at the College of Montreal. He studied medicine at the Sch(jol of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, and was admitted to practice on the 16th November, 1847. After practising a few years in the country, he took up his residence in Montreal. In 1856 he was elected, without opposition, a mem- ber of the City council of Montreal. At the expiration of his term of office he declined re-nomination, in order to devote himself wholly to his j^rofession. About 1860 he was ajopointed physician to the HAtel-Dieu, and professor of the School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal, where he occu- pied successively the chairs of botany, toxi- cology, medical jurisprudence, and internal pathology. In 1872 he became editor-in- chief of V Union Medicals dn Canada, which was just being founded. He was president of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal in 1877 and 1878. Aboiit the same time he was elected i)resident of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the pro\-ince of Quebec. In 1878 he resigned his chair at the School of Medi- cine and Surgery, and was appointed pro- fessor of internal pathology and dean of the faculty of medicine of Laval University at Montreal. Dr. Rottot was one of the founders of the Notre Dame Hospital. During his medical career he has been the ^Jhysician of the greater numljer of the charitable institu- tions of Montreal, and is at j^resent physi- cian to the reverend gentlemen of the Semi- nary of Saint Sulpice, and the reverend ladies of the General Hospital. Dr. Rottot was t'nice married: the first time to S. O'Leary, daughter of Dr. O'Leary, and the second time to the widow of N. Migneault, in his lifetime registrar of Chambly county. Mrs. Migneault is a sister of P. B. Benoit, ex-member of the House of Commons. By his first wife he had three cliildren, the eld- est of whom belongs to the order of the Reverend Jesuit Fathers, and is professor of philosophv in St. Marv's College. Montreal. Waiile!>«$, Jolm^ M.D.. Montreal.— This famed hom(eo2:)athic physician is a Scotchman by l)irth. having Vieen born at Perth road. Dundee, near St. Peter's parish church, where the celebrated Rev. R. M. McCheyne was pastor, on May, 26th. 1813. He is the second son of the late James Wanless. a man who was in his day very much res])ected by his fellow toA\Tispeople. and who foi- many years carried on busi- ness as a manufacturer of green cloth in Dundee. His mother, Agnes Sim, is still alive (August. 1887 i at the aoje of ninetv- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 129 six years, in full possession of lier mental faculties, and can see to read without spec- tacles. Dr. Wanless much resembles this wonderful woman in many respects. Dr. Wanless's father intended that his two sons should succeed him in his own business, but after his death, which took place when the doctor was only ten years old, the exe- cutors of the estate, when he had reached his thirteenth year, apprenticed him to Dr. James Johnston, one of themselves, a lead- ing physician in Dundee. This gentle- man having died shortly afterwards, James Hay, merchant and shijj-owuer, another of the executors, and one of the govern- ors of the Dundee Royal Infirmary, dis- covering the boy's aj^titude for medical study, was induced to secure for him the position of dresser and clinical clerk in the above hospital, which for three years he filled to the entire satisfaction of the governors and medical men of the institii- tion. While he was here he was a great favourite with the cele])rated lithotomist. Dr. John Creighton, of Dundee, and this gentleman often asked young Wanless to assist him in his private operations, as well as in the hospital, and on the eve of his leaving to prosecute his studies in Edin- burgh, he bore high testimony to his abil- ity and diligence as a student, and as to his practical knowledge of his profession. It may be as well to mention here that young Wanless, like all other boys on the Scotch sea-board, was very fond of paddling in the water, and on several occasions narrowly es- caped drowning. When about ten years of age he and some other l:)oys were amusing themselves on some logs that had got adrift from the ship Hortnn, of Dundee, just arriv- ed from America, and had floated tip the river into a small bay, which at its mouth had a a sort of pier with arches on it. While astride a piece of this timber it ca^Jsized, and our young hero was soon at the Ijottom of the river. On coming to the surface, he found himself immediatety below a raft, and considering that his time had not yet come to be drowned, he struck out boldly from under, and gasjjing for breath, he was hauled on the raft by his terrified comrades. On getting ashore he dried his clothes and made for home; but his father nevertheless discovered that he had had a ducking, and gave him a sound thrashing and confined him in doors for some time for his l)oyish escapade. The doctor now thinks that if H his father — who was a very loving man — had not been imbued with the idea that " he that spareth the rod hateth the child," he would have done better had he given him some dry clothes, or sent him for a time to a warm bed. In 1831 John Wan- less left Dundee and went to Edinburgh. as a student in the Royal College of Sur- geons, under the then celebrated profes- sors Mcintosh, Liston, Lizars, Ferguson, and others, fellows of the college, all of whom are now gone to their final rest During the college session of 1831, his friend. Mr. Hay, offered him the positioE of surgeon on board the whaling ship Thoinas, which office he cheerfully accepted, although he was then only seventeen years of age. This good ship sailed from Dun- dee in March, 1832, and returned with a full cargo in time to permit the young sur- geon to attend the opening of the college ses.sion of 1832-3. Subsequently diiring college vacation he went three times to Davis Straits in the same ship, and thereby greatly invigorated his previously rather slender physical frame. While on one of his whaling voyages he one day was out in a boat shooting loons, which are very nu- merous in Davis Straits, and a good many can be killed by one discharge from a gun In the act of gathering the killed he espied a wounded bird at a short distance, and in his endeavour to reach it he leaned too far over the gunwale, lost his balance, and went head first into the Arctic sea. His shipmates were alarmed, and waited in dread suspense for some time, but at length he came up, holding on to the loon by one of its legs. The mate afterwards remarked •• that the doctor should always be taken ■with the shooting parties, for he could dive for the wounded fellows." It may be here mentioned that the doctor was a good swimmer, and as a youth practised swim- ming in the Tay at Dimdee, and was in the habit, sometimes, of carrying younger boys on his back out into the stream, and then throwing them off; bnt before doing this, however, he always gave them instruc- tions how to swim on their •' own hook." He has been known to swim for three miles on a stretch, resting occasionally on his back. At Pond's Bay he one time fell out of a boat, while steering with a long oar. amongst a lot of whales. There were about fifty ships' boats and their crews in a crack in the land ice, which extended about 130 A CYCLOPEDIA OF twenty miles from the shore, and in some places the rent was about one hundred yards wide. In this opening the whales were so numerous that the harpooners only selected the largest fish for capture. Dur- ing the excitement, and when passing an- other boat, the blade of one of their side oars unshii)ped the doctor's steering oar while he was pushing it from him, and. losing his balance, he fell into the water. He however did not feel the least alarmed, but at (.mce struck out for the ice. and, dry- ing his clothes as well as he could, walked to his ship, which was anchored about two miles away, in the field ice. and soon found himself on deck, not much the worse for his ducking. In the spring of 1835. hav- ing passed his examination before the Fa- culty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glas- gow, he returned to Dundee and married Margaret McDonald, the only daughter of Duncan McDonald, a well-known manufac- turer of that tovn\. and Margaret Rose, his wife. To Miss McDonald he had been betrothed for several years. He then be- came house surgeon in the Dundee Royal Infirmary, and having filled this position for about two years, gave it up. and en- tered into private practice, his office being in the same house in which he was born and married. In 1843 Dr. Wanless. ac- companied by his wife, mother, brother, and sisters, with their husbands, emigrated to Canada, and ultimately settled in Lon- don, Ontario, \yhile in this city the doctor built up a good practice, and as coroner for the city of London and county of Middle- sex he was highly spoken of by the press for the luminous and logical way in which he presented evidence to his jurors. In 1849 he received his license from the Col- lege of Physicians and Surge(ms of Lower Canada. One day. in 1859. as he was walking along a street in London to visit a patient, he ol>served Dr. Bull, a homcpopa- thist. give some pellets to a man who had fallen onl of a two-story window. Hav- ing a ])rt'judice against homrt'opathy, he accosted Dr. Bull in these words. " Don't you think shame of yourself in giving that useless trash to a man in that condition?" Dr. Bull rose up. in a defensive attitude, and said. ■'! liave always taken you for a .sensi- Mt' nmri. rnid in.stead of acting as you have dune in your ])ersecutions of u.^;. whydcm't you try td test our remedies according to ihe law of cure? I will cfive von some of our books to read, and also some of our medicines for that purpose." Dr. Wanless accepted the offer, and took the books and medicines, thinking that he would be able to expose what he then thought was a humbug. After studying the principle of homoeopathy for some time he gave the medicines to some of his patients, strictly according to the principles of homceopathy, beginning with some cases which had re- sisted the allopathic treatment under his own care, and that of some of the ablest men in the ccmntry. keeping a strict account of the symptoms and disease, and the symp- toms and pathogenesy of what the medicine would produce on the healthy body, and after carefully testing this method of prac- tice for nearly two years, he found that, in- stead of persecuting the homcBopathists, he would have to become a homceopathist him- self. After thorough conviction of its bene- fits to his patients, like Paul with the Christians, and in order to carry out the practice of homceopathy with more effi- ciency, he ceased from ])ractice in London, and devoted himself to renewed study at the age of fifty years, and obtained the degree of Bachelor of Medicine from the University of Toronto in 1861, and the de- gree of Doctor in Medicine from the same Univer.sity in the following year, 18fi2. He then, in order to have a wider field to labour in, went to Montreal (but before lea^^ng having been complimented by the press of London upon his previous profes- sional attainments), where he now resides, enjoying a good practice. In politics, as in medicine. Dr. Wanless has sought to conserve the good, and set aside the effete and worthless. Both in London and Mon- treal, by his spirited and able contributions to the press, he has done much to popular- ize homceopathy, and establish its prime tenets. He Avas instnunental in procuring an act of the Provincial ])arliament of Que- bec, in favour of hoMKeopatliic education, and with ])ower to grant licenses to those who had studied according to the curricu- lum specified by the act, and who had pass- ed a satisfactory examination before the appointed boai'd of examiners, as he always upheld that hom, Peler Robertson, M. D., M.R.C.S., England, St. John, New Bruns- wick, was born on the 19th of February, 1835, at St. John, New Brunswick. He is a son of James Inches, of Dunkeld, and Janet Small, of Dirnanean, Perthshire, Scot- land, who emigrated to America in 1832, and settled in St. John. Dr. Inches re- ceived his early education in the Grammar School of his native city, and studied medi- cine in New York city, at the University College, and from this institution he gradu- 134 .4 CYCLOPEDIA OF ated in 1866. He then went to Great Britain and further prosecuted bis studies at the University of Edinburgh, and at King's Col- lege, London. In 1868 he was elected a member of the Koyal College of Surgeons of England, and then returned to St. John, New Brunswick, and commenced the prac- tice of his profession, and here he has ever since resided. Dr. Inches was brought up in the faith as taught by the Presbyterian church, and has continued his connection -s^ith that body of Christians. In 1876 he was married to Mary Dorothea, daughter of Dr. C. K. Fiske, from Massachusetts, who for many years practised his jjrofession in St. John. The doctor has had five children born to him, four of whom survive. Leacli, The Yen. Arcli*leat*on.— The late William Turnbidl Leach. D.C.L.. LL.D., Archdeacon of Christ Church Cathe- dral, Montreal, was born in Berwick-on- Tweed, Scotland, on the 1st of March. 1805, and died at Montreal, on the 13th of October. 1886. He was of English descent, his grand- father ha%-ing removed to Ber^n-ick from the previous home of the family in Lincolnshire. England. Archdeacon Leach was educated in Edinburgh, and took the degree of M.A. in the university of that city in 1827. In 1831, he was ordained a minister of the Presbyte- rian church, but shortly afterwards came to Canada, and was appointed to the charge of St. Andrew's Church. Toronto, and Avas also chaplain to the 93rd Highlanders, stationed in that city, about the time of the rel)ellion in 1837-8. He siibseqiiently entered the Church of England, to which he was ordain- ed by Bisho}) Mountain in 1841, and was appointed to the incumbency of St. George's Church. Montreal, wliich })osition he retained for nearly twenty years. He took the warm- est interest in educational matters, was one of the founders of Queen's College, King- ston, and was for many years an honoured member of the Council of I'ul)lic Institution for Lower Canada, afterwards the province of Quebec. He Wcis one of the little baud wlio brought McGill Cniversity to its pre- sent position. His connection with McGill dates from 184.5, and he may be said to have been the last siirvivor of the original staff'. From the earliest years of the college, he was one of the professors of the Faculty of Arts, and as the Avork of the university ex- tended, he relinquished his ministerial duties t(j devote himself exclusively to college work. Durin" his active connection with the college, he held the Molsou chair of EngHsh language and literature, was professor of logic and of mental and moral philosophy, dean of the Faculty of Arts, and vice-princi- pal of theUniversitv. He was created D.C.L. of McGill in 1849,' and LL.D. of MeGiU in 1857. and in 1867, the University of Len- nox%"ille conferred u})on him the degree of D.C.L. The Venerable Archdeacon Leach married three times. Shortly after his arrival in Canada, he returned for a short visit to Scotland, where he married Miss Skir\"ing, daughter of Mr. Skirving. of Haddington, and granddaughter of Adam Skirving. au- thor of •• Johnnie Cope," and other songs very popular at the time in Scotland. Of this marriage there were four children, two of whom are living, viz. : David S. Leach, of Montreal, and Mrs. Howell, of London. England. He afterwards married Miss Easton. daiighter of theKev. E(jbert Easton, a lady well known and much beloved, who previous to her marriage had conducted one of the principal establishments in Canada for the education of young ladies. His "^•idow ( daughter of the late Francis Gwilt ). with her young unmarried daughter, reside in Montreal. St. Gcory^e, Percival IValter. Civil Engineer. Montreal, was born at Forres, Morayshire. Scotland, on the 22nd October. 1849. He is a son of Lievitenant- Colonel James D. N. St. George, who was a lieutenant-colonel in her Majesty's Ord- nance Stat? Corjjs. and had charge for many years of the clothing establishment of the British army in London. England. Wiilter was sent to France by his parents to be educated, and spent seven years of liis boyhood days in that country, and then finished his educational course in Edinburgh University. where he took honours in mathe- matics. He came to Canada in 1866. and began the practice of his ])rofession. From 1866 to 1868. two years, he was the pupil of Alexander McNab. chief engineer for the province of Nova Scotia: from 1868 to L'^72. foiir years, he acted as assistant engineer on constructit)n and survey of the Inter- colonial Railway of Canada: in 1872-73 he was engineer on survey of the North Shore Railway of Canada; in 1873-74. engineer maintainance of way on the Intercolonial Railway, in charge of one hundred and eight miles: in 1874-75 engineer on survey of the Northern Colonization Railway, from Ottawa to the Mattawan: in 1875-76 he was CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 135 assistant engineer of Montreal; and from 1876 to 1883, eight years, deputy city sur- veyor of the same city: from July to De- cember, in 1883, he was engineer in charge of three hundred miles of line on the Nor- folk and Western Railway in Virginia; and in December of 1883 he was appointed city surveyor of Montreal, and this position he has occupied ever since. He was also one of the members of the Royal Flood Com- mission of Montreal, appointed in 1886. Mr. St. George has been an associate mem- ber of the Institute of Civil Engineers of England since 1877; and is now a memljer of the Council of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers. He is a master Mason. and a member of the Royal Arch Chapter. He has travelled a good deal, and his pro- fession has made him familiar with the greater part of Canada. He is a mem- ber of the Church of England. On the 11th July, 1872. he was married to Flora Stewart, daughter of the Rev. Canon Geo. Townshend, rector of Amherst, Nova Scotia, and Elizabeth Stewart, daughter of the Hon. Alexander Stewart. C.B., ma.ster of the Rolls, and judge of the Vice-Admiralty Court, and has issue five children. Palmer, Caleb Read, Justice of the Peace. Moucton, was born at Dorchester. Westmoreland couutv. New I^runswick, on the 13th February, 1834. His father, J(jhu Palmer, grandson of Gideon Palmer, a U. E. loyalist, who came to New Brunswick from Staten Island, New York, is a veteran of 1812, and is now (1887 ) in his ninety-ninth year, and regularly draws his pension for services during the war. His mother, Eliza- beth Cole, was a daughter of Eljenezer Cole. Caleb received his education at the Wesleyau Academy, in Sack-ville, N.B.. tak- ing a course in the higher mathematics and languages, and then for some time ado])ted teaching as his profession. From 1859 to 1870 he taught the Suj^erior School in Sus- sex, Kings county, and from Januai'y, 1870, to Septeml)er, 1882. he acted in the ca])acity of station master at Dorchester for the In- tercolonial Railway Company. In July. 1883, he ])ecame manager of the Monettm Publishing Company, and this position he occupied until February. 1885. since which time he has confined himself to the duties of justice of the peace, and secretary to the Board of School Trustees of the to■v^^l of Moncton. Mr. Palmer is interested in ship- ping, and is also a stockholder in the Monc- ! ton Cotton Factory. He is a member of the I Royal Arcanum, and in j olitics is a Liberal. Although brought up in the Episcopal church, he found it more congenial to his taste to attend the Methodist church, and is now a member of that denomination. He I was married on the 21st of December. 1865. to Agnes Murray, daughter of John Murray, of Studholm. Kings county, N.B. Ferguson, Hon. Donald, M. P. P., Provincial Secretary and Connnissioner of ', Crown Lands of Prince Edward Ishmd, ' Charlottetown, was born at East River, Char- lottetown. Prince Edward Island, on the 7tb of March, 1839. His father, John Fergu- son, and mother. Isabella Stewart, were de- scendants of thrifty Scotch farmers, who emigrated from Blair Athol, in Perthshire. Scotland, in 1807. and settled near Char- lottetown, Prince Edward Island. Donald was reared on the farm and received the rudiments of education in the Public school of his native j^arish, and subsecjuently per- sued his studies in English and mathematics Ijy private tuition. He became interested in politics when qiiite a young man, and was a strong advocate of the confederation of the provinces. He was a contributor to the press, and in 1867, wrote a series of letters over the signature of '• A Farmer." which attracted considerable attention, and was replied to by the Hon. David Laird, one of the leading politicians of the island, and subse(]uently lieutenant-governor of the North-West Territories. At a later date, he engaged, over his o-mi signature, in a discussion with the Hon. (xeorge Beer, on the union question, and became at once known as one of the cham])ious on the island for a Canadian nationality. He was al.so a stnmg supporter of the interests of the tenantry, an advocate of railway con- strncticm, and was the mover of the resolu- tions in favour of the railway which were adopted at the mass meeting of the electors of Queens county, held at CharlottetoA^Ti. in the winter of 1871. In 1872, Mr. Fergu- son was a])pointed a justice of the peace, and he held the ])o.sition of collector of in- land revenue for Charlottetown for a sliort time in 1873. In 1873. the great .|uestioK of confederation, for which Mr. Ferguson had for years contended, having been set- I tied, he offered himself as a candidate for the Legislative Council of Prince Edward Island, for the second district of (Queens countv. where the Hon. Edward Palmer 136 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Had been returned in 1872, to the Council, as an anti-railway and an anti-confederate, by a majority of nearly eight hundred votes — and he succeeded, after a spirited canvass and good fight against great odds in re- ducing the anti-railway majority to two hundred and fifty votes. A vacancy oc- curring next year in the same constituency, Mr. Ferguson was again brought out by his friends, and this time succeeded in reducing the anti-railway majority to seventy. In 1876. the question of denominational edu- cation came prominently before the elec- tors, and Mr. Ferguson and other leading politicians pronounced in favour of a sys- tem of payment by results, by which the state would recognize and pay for secu- lar education in schools in towns, in which religious education might also be imparted at the expense of parents. Religious bitter- ness was introduced, the Protestants became alarmed, the people decided largely ac- cording to their creeds, and the " payment by results " candidates were defeated in all except Roman Catholic constituencies. Believing that almost any settlement of this vexed question was better than a prolonged political-religious agitation, he accepted the situation. In 1874, Mr. Ferguson was appointed secretary of the Board of Rail- way Appraisers, which office he held until 1876. In 1878, he was im-ited by the leading electors of the Cardigan district, in Kings county, to offer himself for parlia- mentary honours; he consented and was re- turned by acclamation. In March, 1879, on the meeting of the legislature, the gov- ernment, under the leadership of the Hon. L. H. Da^•is, was defeated, and the Hon. W. W. Sullivan, who had been entrusted with the formation of a new administration, offered Mr. Ferguson a seat in his cabinet, ■with the jiortfolio of public works, which office he accepted. A dissolution of the house having immediately followed, Mr. Ferguson was returned by acclamation. In 188(1. he resigned his position as head of the Public Works department, and became provincial secretary and commissioner of Cro"«^l Lands, and this position he occupies to-day. In 1882, Mr. Ferguson was elected U) represent Fort Augustus, and again in 1886, he had the same honour conferred upon him. Hon. Mr. Ferguson is a member of the Board of Commissioners for the man- agement of the Government Poor-House ; 5 commissioner for the management of the Government Stock Farm, and a trustee for the Hospital for the Insane, at Falconwood. He was a delegate to Ottawa, on the Wharf and Pier question in 1883, in conjtinction with the Hon. Messrs. Sullivan and Prowse, and also a delegate to England, with Hon. Mr. Sullivan, on the question of the com- munication between the island and the main- land. Mr. Ferguson is an enthiisiastic agri- culturist, and has a farm in a high state of cultivation, four miles from Charlottetown. Besides ha\dng published several useful offi- cial reports, Mr. Ferguson gave to his fellow- citizens in 1884, an excellent paper on " Ag- ricultural Education.'" and another in 1885, on "Love of Country."' He has been a life- long total abstainer, and became connected with the Good Templars in 1863, and held the office of grand secretary for two years. 1863-5, and that of grand worthy chief templar the following two years. 1865-7. He is a Conservative in politics, and in reli- gion a member of the Baptist denomination. In 1873. he was married to Elizabeth Jane, daughter t)f John Scott. Charlottetown, and has a family consisting of three sons and two daughters. Rossi, James Duncan, M.D.. Mouc- ton. New Brunswick, was born at Pictou, Nova Scotia, in October, 1839, and is a son of the Rev. James Ross. D.D.. princi- pal of Dalhonsie College, and grandson of the late Rev. Duncan Ross, one of the first Presbyterian ministers who came to Nova Scotia from Scotland. His mother was Isabella Matheson. a daughter of William Matheson. who through indiistry and per- severance accumulated a fortune at farming, lumbering, and trading, sufficient to enable him to leave the handsome sum of .$35,000 to the institutions of the chur h in the pro\'ince, and .S35,000 to the British and Foreign Bible Society. James Duncan Ross received his elementary training in the public schools in his native town, and then took the arts course in the West River Seminary. He then spent three years in the office of the late Dr. Muir. of Truro, N.S., and afterwards studied medicine and surgery in Philadelphia and Harvard, grad- uating from Harvard University in 18(51, when he moved to Londonderry, in Nova Scotia, and began the practice of his pro- fession, and continued here until 1865; then he went over to Britain and took a course of medicine and surgery in the University and in the Collee:e of Phvsicians and Snr- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 137 geons in Edinburgh, and while in that city he was for a time a student in the oiEce of Sir J. Y. Simpson. He then went to Lon- don, and became for a time a dresser in St. Bartholemew's Hospital ; and afterwards, returning to Nova Scotia, he resumed his practice. Dr. Koss occupied the position for some time of assistant surgeon to the 2nd battalion of the Colchester Militia, and also surgeon of the Caledonian (Highland) Society of Nova Scotia. He has been since 1863 a coroner for the county of Westmore- land. He took a deep interest in the estab- lishment of the Medical School in Halifax, and was demonstrator of anatomy in it for the first two years of its existence. The doctor has now practised medicine and sur- gery continuously for twenty -five years, the first eleven years of his medical career having been sjDent in Nova Scotia, and the remaining fourteen in Moncton, N.B. His work has been continuous and laborious, and very varied, and he stands high in the profession, especially for surgery. In him the poor always find a kind and sympa- thizing friend, who dispenses medicine to them gratuitously as well as his best skill. In religion the doctor holds all the doctrines of the second reformation, and believes the Presbyterian form of church government scriptural. He has experienced no change in his views since his youth, except a deeper conviction of the duty which nations owe to Christ, and a more scriptural constitu- tion for nations. He married, in 1870. Ruth, daughter of the late R. N. B. Mc- Lellan. merchant, of Londonderry. N. S. The McLellan family are north of Ireland Scotch, and have been closely connected with the political and mercantile interests of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick for many years. Issue, one son. who died in infancy. McLeod, Rev. Joseph, D.D., Fred- ericton. was born in St. John, New Bruns- wick, June 27. 1844. His father, the Rev. Ezekiel McLeod, — born in Sussex. New Brunswick, Sept. 17, 1815, died in Freder- icton. New Brunswick. March 17th, 1867. — was the leading minister in the Free Ba2:)tist denomination of Canada, and the founder and, till his death, the editor of The Reli- gious Intelligencer. He was an earnest and influential advocate of the confederation of the British American pro\'inces ; a strong advocate of prohibition ; and widely known and highly regarded both for intellectual qualities and godly character. His mother was Amelia Emery, bom in Boston, Massa- chusetts, and survived her husband till June, 1887. Joseph McLeod was educated in the public schools, and in the Baptist Institution in Fredericton, New Brunswick, and in July, 1868, was ordained to the ministry. In the same month he was called to the pastorate of the Free Baptist Church in Fredericton, which he has held ever since. In 1875 the Rev. Mr. McLeod was chosen chaplain to the New Brims^wdck legis- lature, and still holds the office. He is a very active worker in the temperance army, and has held the office of grand worthy chief of the British Templars ; president of the National lodge of the United Temperance Association of Canada, and is now, and has for several years been president of the New Bruns- ■vvick Prohibitory Alliance. He is an ardent advocate of the prohibition of the liquor traffic, and has for years been a leader in this cause in New Brunswick, and has had much to do with introducing the Canada Temperance Act into New Brunswick. In addition to his strong advocacy of temper- ance measures, he has been an earnest ad- vocate of the establishment of the free, un- sectarian school system in his native pro- Adnce. In the Free Baj^tist denomination he also stands high as a leader in all pro- gressive movements. He is an advocate of the union of the Baptist denominations in Canada, and by voice and pen has done much to promote the union feeling. He is a member and ■vice-chairman of the joint committee of the Baptist and Free Baptist bodies which now (1887 ) have the question of union under consideration, and are authorized to arrange a basis of union. He was secretary and a director of the Free Baptist Education Society for many years, till, in 1883, the Baptist \ind Free* Baptist Education Societies were united l)y act of the, legislature ; since then he has been a di- rector of the united Education Society. He has also been corresj^onding secretary of the Free Baptist Foreign Mission Society of New Brunswick for fifteen years ; was for three years president of the American Foreign Mission Society, which includes re- presentatives of all the free communion Bap- tist bodies in the United States and Canada, and is now a memljer of the managing board of the society. Has been moderator of the New Brunswick Free Baptist Conference twice within ten years. Since 1867 Dr. McLeod has owned and edited the Religious 118 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Intelligencer. In May. 1886. Acadia Col- lege conferred the well-earned degree of D.D. on Mr. McLeod. He is active in all matters pertaining to the welfare of the public, and is frequently called ujwn to do pulpit and platform service outside his own charge. He has not found time for a Eu- ropean tour, but has made two trips to the western states : spent the winter of 1882-3 in Florida f(jr the benefit of his health ; and in the summer of 188G made the trip across the continent via the Canada Pacific Railway, spending several weeks in British Columbia, the North-West. and in Manitoba. Dr. Mc- Leod's ];arents were Free Bajjtists. and in this faith he was brought up. He at a verv early age l^eeame a communicant in that church, and is now one of the most respected of its clergy. In December. 1868. he was married to Jane Fulton Stjuires. and is l_)lessed with a family of five children. Cliesley, Joliii Alexander, Manu- facturer, Portland. New Brunswick, was l)om in Portland, N.B.. in May. 1839. He is the eldest son of "William Amljrose and Mary Ann Chesley. of U.E. loyalist descent. He received his educational training in the Public school in Portland, and at the Gram- mar School in Albert county, X.B. Mr. Chesley began his business career in Port- land, N.B., in 1862. as a manufacturer of ships' iron knees, and conducted the busi- ness on his own account until 1869. when he took his brother. W. A. Chesley, into partnership, and thus formed the firm of "J. A. k W. A. Chesley."' of which he is the head and senior jjartner. Since then the firm has had a very successful career, and is very well and favourably known throughout the Maritime provinces for its locomotive frames, j^istou and connecting rods, truck, engine and car axles, shafting, ships" iron knees, etc.. and all kinds of heavy forgings. Tlie firm has also a large interest in shi])]jing. In 1876 Mr. Chesley was elected alderman for No. 1 Ward in Port- land city, and occupied a seat in the city council continuously until A])ril. 18H.5. -a ]x?riod of nine years, -when he was elected mayor of the city. He also sat as one of the representatives of the city of Portland in the munieijjal council of the citv and county of St. .Tolm from 1880 to 1886. a j>erio- pointed a commissicmer for taking the cen- -sus in the c(mnty of St. John: and was a li(]uor license conunissioner for St. Jolm county in 1883 under the Dominion Liquor License Act. At the general elections of 1882 and 1886 Mr. Chesley was an unsuc- cessful candidate for the representation of the city and county of St. Jolm in the legis- lature of New Bruns\vick, but received such support that we think he will be justified in running again for parliamentary honours when the occasion offers. In 1872 he was made a Mason, and now holds the rank of j^ast master in the Blue lodge, and also that of past principal in the Eoyal Arch chapter. He is a member c^f the Encampment of St. John Knights Templars, and a member of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish rite of Masonry : also a member of the Royal Order of Scotland. He is an active politician, and is a member of the Young Men"s Liberal Conservative Clul) of the city and county of St. John, and at the present time is the vice-president of the Club for the city of Portland. Mr. Chesley was a su2:)porter of confederation, and worked hard to carry the measure, and has ever since taken an interest in all public questions — Dominion, provincial, and municij^al — brought before the jjeople of the city and county of vSt. •lohn. He also took an active interest in. and laboured very hard in the election held to decide the free school sy.stem in New Brunswick, and had the satisfaction (jf see- ing his party win in the contest, and secure for his province a school law that every lover of his country should be proud of. He is a Liljeral-Conservative in politics, and a strong supporter of the national policy. He was married, first in December. 1860. to Mary Frances, eldest daughter of Albert Small, of Portland. Maine: and some time after her death he was again married in September. 1872. to Annie, eldest dauo^h- ter of James S. May. of St. John. N.B. ^TlaeCHlliiin. Duncan Campbell. M.D.. M.R.C.S.. Eng.. Fellow of the < )b- stetrical Society. Lcmdon. Foundation Fel- low (jf the British Gynecological Society, and* Professor Emeritus. McGill University. >b)ntreal. was Ixjrn in the preing the son of .John MacCallum and ]VTary Campbell. His maternal grandfather. Mal- colm Cam])l)ell. of Killin. during his lifetime Avidely known and hitrhly esteemed through the Perthshire Highlands, was a near kins- man and relative, tlirough the Lochiel Cam- erons. of the Earl of Breadalbaue. Dr. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 139 MacCallum received his medical education at McGill University, at which institution he graduated as M.D. in the year 1850. Immediately on receiving his degree, he proceeded to Great Britain, and continued his studies in London, Edinburgh and Dub- lin. After examination he was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, February, 1851. Returning to Canada, he entered on the practice of his profession in the city of Montreal, and was appointed demonstrator of anatomy in the medical faculty of McGill University, Sep- tember, 1854. From that time to the present he has been connected with the university, occupying various positions in the faculty of medicine. In August, 1856. he was j^re- f erred to the chair of clinical surgery. In November, 1860, he was transferred to the chair of clinical medicine and medical juris- prudence, and in April, 1868, received the appointment of j^rofessor of midwifery and the diseases of women and children, which 2:)osition he held until his resignation in 1883, on which occasion the governors of the university appointed him professor emeritus, retaining his precedence in the university. For a period of twenty-nine years he has been actively engaged in the teaching of his })rofession. Elected visiting physician to the Montreal General Hospital in February, 1856, he discharged the duties of that position until the year 1877, when he resigned, and was placed by the vote of the governors of that institution on the consulting staff. From 1868 till 1883 he had charge of the university lying-in hos- pital, to which he is now attached as con- sulting physician, and for a period of four- teen years he was physician to the Hervey Institute for children, to which charity also he is now consulting physician. He has always taken a warm interest in the litera- ture of his profession, and articles from his pen have ajjpearedin the Britisli Antericini Medical and Siirgical JoarnaU the Canada Medical Joiiraal, and the '"Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London, Eng." In the year 1854 he, in conjrmction with Dr. Wm. Wright, established and edited the Medical ('Jtronicle which had an existence of six years. He was ^dce-presideut for Canada of the section of Obstetrics in the ninth International Medical Congress, which was held at Washington during the week commencing September 5th. 1887. Dr. MacCallum married in October, 1867. Mary Josephine Guy, second daughter of the late Hon. Hippolyte Guy. judge of the Superior Court of Lower Canada. The Guy family, of ancient and noble origin, supposed to be a branch of the Guy de Montfort family, has been distinguished for the valuable services, military and civil, which its members have rendered to the province of Quebec, both under the old and new t-ajimes. Pierre Guy, the first of the name to settle in Canada, joined the French army under M. de Vaudreuil. in which he rose rapidly to the rank of cap- tain. He took an active part in the engage- ments which were then so frequent between the French in C^iiebec and the English in Massachusetts and New York. He died at the early age of forty-eight. His son Pierre, who was sent to France and received a thorough and careful education, also joined the French army and distinguished himself under General Montcalm at the battle of Carillon, and in the following year at Mont- morency. The battle of the Plains of Abra- ham having annihilated the power of France in Canada, young Guy with others left for France after the capitulation of the country, where he remained till 1764. Returning to Canada, he acce])ted the situation, entered into business at Montreal, and became a loyal subject of Cireat Britain. Shortly after, when General Montgomery invaded Cana- da, he took up arms for the defence of the country, and this so exasperated the Amer- icans that they sacked his stores after the capitulation of Montreal. In 1776 he re- ceived from the Crown the a})pointment of JTidge. which at that time was considered a signal mark of favour; and in 1802 he was promoted to the rank of colonel of militia. A man of great attainments and scholarly parts, he was an ardent promoter of all educational jirojects. He was one of the most active m the foundation of the College St. Raphae. hinder the control of the gen- tlemen of the Seminary of the Sul])ician order, and which still exists and flourishes under the name of the ■* College of Mon- treal.'" He died in 1812 and left several sons and daughters. Louis, who by the death of his ])rother liecame the eldest of the family, was an intimate friend and ad- viser of Sir James Kempt, and subsequently of Lord Aylmer. He was made a coun- cillor bv King William in Februarv. 1831. He died in 1840. Of his family" Judge Hippolyte Guy was the second son. The 140 A cyclopjEdia of eldest son, named Louis, received a com- mission as lieutenant in the Britisli army through the influence of the Duke of Wel- lington, in consideration of the bravery he had displayed at the battle of Chateauguay, where he gallantly led the advanced guard of the Voltigeurs. Several years before en- tering the British army he served as a mem- ber of the body guard of Charles X. of France, into which no one was admitted who was not of proved noble origin. Judge Guy married the adopted daughter of Chief Justice Yallitres. and had four children, a son who died in youth, and three daughters. The eldest of the latter is married to Chief Justice Austin, of Nassau. Bahamas, and the youngest to Gustave Fabre. brother to Archbisho}) Fabre. Montreal. Dr. Mac- Callum's family consists of five children, — four daughters and one son. Williuni!*, Thomas. Accountant and Treasurer of the Intercolonial Railway, Moncton. New Brunswick, was born at Handsworth. near Birmingham. England, on the 3rd of June, 1846. He is the youngest son of Joseph and Hannah Williams. His father's ancestors can be traced back several centuries as farmers and occuj^iers of land in the adjoining parish of Perry Barr. His mother's ancestors, the Coulburns of Tipton, in South Staffordshire, have been connected with the development of the iron industries there for several generations past. Thomas Williams was educated at the parish schools, and subsequently at the Bridge Trust School — a grammar school founded from the pro- ceeds of a legacy for repairs of bridges in the parish, for which after the organisation of the Highway Board, its existence for its original purposes was not necessary, and the accumulated funds were devoted to the erection and endowment of a superior school. In 1868. he entered the ser\'ice of the Lon- don and North-Western Railway of Eng- land as freight clerk, and was subsequently appointed freight agent at Sutton Coldfield, near Birmingham, and station master at Marton. near Rugby. He resigned in June, 1870, to come to Canada, and in Deceml^er. 1870. entered the ser^-ice of the New Bruns- wick and Canada Railway, at St. Andrews, New Brunswick, as clerk to the general manager. Mr. Williams left the service of that railway in August. 1873, to enter upon duties of clerk in accountant's office of the Intercolonial (Government) Railway, at Moncton. New Bruns'wick. and was subse- quently appointed chief clerk in mechanical department of the same railway. In No- vember, 1875, he was sent to Charlottetown, to organise the system of accounts of the Prince Edward Island Railway, and was ap- pointed accountant and auditor of that rail- way. And on the 1st of July. 1882, he was appointed chief accountant and treasurer of the Intercolonial Railway at Moncton. which position he at present holds. Mr. AVilliams was a member of the Church of England until December. 1873. but in consequence of Ritualistic practices having been intro- duced into the church he was in the habit of ! attending, he left it, and was among the j fir.st to join the then newly organized Re- formed Episcopal Church. St. Paul's, in Moncton. He has held the office of vestry- : man and warden in this church, almost con- tinuously since. On the 12th of January, , 187.5, he married Analena, daughter of the late John Rourke. merchant, St. John, New Brunswick, and has a family of seven child- ren. PIckard, Rev. Hiimplircy, D. D., Methodist Minister. Sackville. New Bruns- wick, was born at Fredericton, New Bruns- ■wick, June 10th, 1813. His parents, Thomas Pickard, was the son of Deacon Humphrey Pickard, and was born at Sheffield in 1783, and Mary Pickard, daughter of David Bur- pee. Mrs. Pickard was also bom at Sheffield in 1783. Both Deacon Pickard and Squire Burpee, came, while yet mere youths, from Massachusetts. New England, with a party of the earliest English settlers on the Saint John river, about the year 1762. The sub- ject of this sketch, after recei\'ing a fair Eng- lish edtication in Fredericton. was sent tf) the Wesleyan Academy, North Wilbenham, Mas.sachusetts. United States, in 1829, where he commenced a classical course of study, and ha\ang prepared for matriculaticm, he entered the Freshman class in the Univer- sity at Middletown, Conn., in 1831. He. having completed the Freshman course of study, retired from the university in 1832, and spent the following thre3 years in mer- cantile pursuits. In 1835, he entered the Methodist ministry, as an assistant to the Rev. A. Des Brisay, in the Sheffield circuit. In 1836, he was received on trial as a Wes- leyan missionary, by the British Methodist Conference, and laboured for a year as such on the Miramichi mission and Fredericton circuit. In 1837, he resumed his course of university studv at Middletown; in 1839. he CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 141 graduated, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and re-entered the work of the Me- thodist ministry, beiag stationed at Richi- bucto, until 1841, when he was appointed to St. John. In 1842, he was ordained and received into full connection with the Eng- lish Conference as a Methodist minister, and appointed editor of the Bintish North Ame- rican Metliodist Magazine, which was pub- lished at St. John. In November of the same year, he was elected principal of the Mount Allison Academy, and removed with his family to Sackville at the close of the year. The academy was opened on the 19th of January, 1843, with a very few students, but under his skilful management, it rapidly rose into importance in public estimation, and attracting students from all parts of the Maritime provinces, soon took position in the very front rank of the educational insti- tutions of Eastern British America. The catalogue for the term from Janiiary to June, 1855, contains 250 names of students in ac- tual attendance, viz. : of 134 in the male branch, and 116 in the female. In 1862, the Mount Allison College was organized at Sackville, by the authority of an Act of the Legislature of New Brunswick, and Mr. Pickard was appointed its president, and he continued to act as president of the college and principal of the academy until 1869. At the annual meeting of the Board of Governors of the united institutions, held May 26, 1869, the following resolution was unanimoiisly adopted : " That the board, having received intimation from Rev. Dr. Pickard, that in consequence of the action of the conference in assigning to him ano- ther portion of connexional service, his resignation of the office of president of the institution is deemed necessary, though re- luctantly accepting that resignation, would express in strongest terms its regret at the removal of Dr. Pickard from the field of use- fulness for which he has special qualifica- tions, and at which for upwards of a quarter of a centiiry, he has with fidelity and honoTir served the church and his generation. The board is also assured that the great work of education in connection with the Wesleyan Conference of Eastern British America is greatly indebted to the retiring president of the institution, and that its suc- cess is largely to be attributed to the indo- mitable application and perseverance — the high business ability, and the earnest Chris- tian aim by which Dr. Pickard has been animated during the whole period of his service in the government of the institution." The Provincial Wesleyan, in a notice of the Mount Allison Academy, June 15, 1870, says: " The college established in 1862, under a charter from the Legislature of New Bruns- wick, mainly through the exertions of the Rev. Dr. Pickard, is the latest of the foun- dations at Sackville. * * * The first j^resident of the college was the Rev. H. Pickard, D. D., president also of the Wes- leyan Conference. Dr. Pickard's name is so intimately associated with the Sackville in- stitutions as almost to rival that of its bene- volent founder. To them he gave the flower of his life. And although retired from the responsible office of president, and engaged in another sphere of usefulness, the doctor is still one of its ablest friends and sixpport- ers. His address at the recent celebration was received with the warmest demonstra- tions." Dr. Pickard, having been elected to the office of editor of The Wesleyan and b(K)k steward, became resident in Halifax, from 1869 to 1873, but in this latter year he returned with his family to Sackville. From 1873 to 1875, he acted as agent for the college, and was largely instrumental in securing the first endowment fund ; and in 1876 he was superintendent of the Sack- ville district. In 1877, he became a supernu- merary, and has since so remained, resident at Sackville, except during the years 1879- 80, when, at the call of the General Confer- ence of the Methodist Church of Canada, he acted as book steward at Halifax. He was elected secretary of the Wesleyan Methodist Conference of Eastern British America in 1857, 1858, 1859 and 1860, and co-delegate of the same conference in 1861, and 2)resi- dent in 1862 and 1870. He was appointed representative of the conference of Eastern British America to the Canada Conference, which met in the city of Kingston, June, 1860; and again to the conference which met in the city of Hamilton, June, 1867. He was appointed representative of his con- ference to the British Conference, first in 1857, secondly in 1862, and thirdly in 1873. He was a member of the joint committee on the Federal union of the Wesleyan Me- thodist church in British America, which met in Montreal, October, 1872 ; and of the joint committee which met in Toronto in 1882, and formulated the basis of union by which the four sejaarate Methodist bodies in Canada united to form the one Methodist 142 .1 CYCLOPEDIA OF church. Rev. Mr. Pickard was a member of the first and second general conferences of the Methodist Chiirch of Canada, and served in both as chairman of the committee on discipline. He was also a member of the second general conference of the Methodist church, which met in Toronto, in Septem- ber. 1886. and was appointed a member of the court of appeal and of the book com- mittee for the quadrennium, 1886-1890. Mr. Pickard received the degree of Master of Arts in 1842, from the University at Mid- tUetown. and had the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity conferred on him by his alma mater in 1857. At the late session of the annual conference of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island of the Methodist church, the follo-ndng address, beautifully engrossed and elegantly framed, was pre- sented to Dr. Pickard: — To the Reverend H. Pickard, D.D.: Dear BROTHKR,--The members of the New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island Conference, assembled in annual session, desire to express to you their hearty congratulations upon the comple- tion of Fifty Years in the honoiirable work of your ministry. We also express oiu' gratitude to Gou, that he has so long spared you to see the growth, prosperity, and influence of the church to whose interests you have given such rich qualities of learning, wisdom, and piety. We rejoice that through all these years your moral and ministerial character has been pre- served without a stain. We are profoundly con- scious of the far-reacliiug influence of your life in our Academic and Colle(;e work. The ministry of this and other churches, as well as the business and jjrofessional life of our provinces, have been enriched by the ripe scholarship and godly zeal iif those who owe much to you for their culture and their ability in their callings. We are not unmind- ful that other departments of our church work have been benefited by your consecrated zeal ami wisdom. As early life directs and tinges the thoughts of advanced age, we fail not to discern in you the earnestness of jjurpose, the singleness of aim that mark the j-ears of the early itiner- .'int. Your company has almost gone before, and w-hile with the few venerable men whom we lov- ingly call Fathers, you wait the summons of the Master, yi>u say — " In peace and cheerf\d hojie I wait, On life's last verge quite free from fears, And watch the opening of the gate, Whirl) leads to the eternal years.'" We desire that your day, as it draws to its close, may be brightened by the glory of the sunset, full jf the golden promise of the eternity of liglit. Signed l.iy order <)f the Conference, ('. H. Paisley, ItoiiEKT Wilson, Su-rrtani. Prcnddit. Marv>vme, N. B., 18S Mr. Pickard was twice married, first at Bos- ton, on October 2nd, 1841, to the daughter of Ebenezer and Hannah M. Thompson, by whom he had two children — Edward Dwight and Charles F. Allison, who died in early childhood and infancy. Mrs. Pickard died at Sackville, the 11th' of March, 1844. She was a lady of superior ability, and much literary talent, her memoirs and selections from her writings were published at Boston, by the Rev. Edward Otheman, A.M.. in a duodecimo volume of upwards of 300 pages, in 1845, which is now out of print. He was married again on the 5th of September, 1846, to Mary Rowe Carr, who was born at Port- land, Maine, United States, the daughter of John and Avis Preble Carr. This second ■wife bore him two daughters, the first, Mary Emarancy. is the wife of Andrew M. Bell, hardware merchant in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the mother of two boys, Winthrop P. and Ralph P. The second, Amelia Eliza- beth, is the wife of A. A. Stockton, D.C.L., M.P.P.. of St. John, New Brunswick, and mother of six living children, three daughters and three sons. The second Mrs. Pickard died on the 24th of January, 1887, in the 77th year of her age. Kennedy, George, M.A.,LL.D., Bar- rister, Toronto, was born on 1st March, 1838, at Bytown. now the city of Ottawa, Ontario. His father. Donald Kennedy, was born near Blairathol, in Scotland, and came with his father to Canada in 1818, the fam- ily settling in the township of Beckwith. About the time of the building of the Ri- deau canal the father of the subject of this sketch removed to Bytown, engaged in busi- ness as a contractor and builder, was em- ployed for some time as surveyor for the district of Dalhonsie. now the county of Caiieton. and for many years carried on, in partnership with J(^lm Blyth, an extensive cabinet-making business. An ancestor of his took part in the battle of Culloden, on the side of Bonny Prince Charlie, by some called the "Pretender," and the dirk he used on the occasicm is still in the posses- sion of the family. Dr. Kennedy's mother. Janet Buckham. was l)orn in 1807, in Dun- blane, Scotland, and came, with her father, to tliis country in 182S. This family set- tled in the townshi]) of Tor1)olton. and Mr. IJuckliam went into faniiinu; on a large scal(> at the head of Sand Bay. where he l)laiited one of the finest orchards in that part of the countrv. The Buckhams C.1A^.1Z)7.1A' BIOGRAPHY. 143 were descended from an old Border family that have resided in Jedburgh from the time of Queen Mary, of Scotland. Mrs. Kennedy died in 1856; bnt Mr. Kennedy is still alive, and resides about three miles from Ottawa city, on a picturesque spot overlooking the Rideau river, (xeorge re- ceived his education at the Carleton coimty Grammar School (now the Ottawa Collegiate Institute), and at University College, To- ronto, where he matriculated in 1853, tak- ing the first-class scholarship in classics, and in his subsequent course held first-class honors also in mathematics, metaphysics and ethics, natural sciences, modern lan- guages, logic, rhetoric and history. In 1857 he graduated B.A. with gold medal in metaphysics and ethics; took M.A. in 18fi0; LL.B. in 1861, and LL.D., in 1877. In 1859 Dr. Kennedy occupied the position of master of the Grammar School of Pres- cott; and during the years 1860-1 he was second master in the Ottawa Grammar School, and had charge of the branch Me- teorological Observatory at Ottawa. In 1862 he began the study of the law in the offices of Crooks, Kingsmill and Cattanach, Toronto, and was admitted as an attorney and solicitor, and was called to the bar of Ontario in Hilary term, 1865. He then began the jjractic^e of his j^rofession in Ot- tawa, and for six years carried on his busi- ness in his native place. In February, 1872, he received the appointment of laAV clerk to the Crown Lands l^e2)artment of Ontario, and moved to Toronto, where he has ever since resided. DTiring the years 1878-9-80 the doctor was examiner in law at the University of Toronto. He was one of the founders of the Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society, formed by the amal- gamation of the Mechanics" Institute and Natural History Society, and was secre- tary for some years, and as a recognition of his labours in connection therewith was made a life member. He was also one of the original members of the University College Literary and Scientific Society, and is a member of the Canadian Institute, of which he Avas for three years a vice-presi- dent, and is now editor of •• The Proceed- ings." For some time he has been secretary to the Toronto St. Andrew's St)ciety, and as such prepared a history of the Society as a memorial for its jubilee year, 1886. Dr. Kennedy is an omnivorous reader, and as a consequence has a large and well-selected library — indeed he considers a library the most important part of any home — and few men are better posted in book-lore than he. He, too, has seen a good deal of Canada and the United States, and is familiar with the j^rincipal places in North America, ranging from the Southern states, the Western states, the Maritime provinces, the Muskoka district, and the regions be- yond Ottawa. As might be expected. Dr. Kennedy was brought up a Presbyterian, but when quite young he began to enter- tain doubts as to the correctness of the Calvinistic faith of his church. For sev- eral years he was greatly troubled about this matter, and finding he could no longer stifle his convictions, he broke away from the church, and became almost an Agnostic. After a while, however, he joined the Uni- tarian church, and no one has now a firmer faith than he in the Divine Fatherhood, and the infinite ^possibilities of human pro- gress. On the 6th June, 1883, he married Sarah, daughter of the late Henry Jackson, a well-known jeweller, and once resident of Toronto. Tiiriibuil, William ^Vaiiace, Mer- chant, of the firm of TurnbuU k Co., Flour Dealers, Commission Merchants, and Im- porters of West India (roods, St. John, New Brunswick, was born on the 23rd of May, 1828, at Bear River, Annapolis county. Nova Scotia. His father was William Bax- ter Turnbxill, and his mother. Relief Ann Tucker. His father's grandparents emi- grated from Edinburgh, Scotland, in the last century, and settled at a small place now known as Bay View, about three miles dis- tant from the town of Digby, N.S., and here the father of the subject of our sketch was born. His mother's grandparents were U.E. loyalists, and came to Nova Scotia from the United States shortly after, or during, the revolutionary war between Great Britain and that country. Mr. Turnbull, sen., was characterized by his keen sense of humour, his cheerfulness, and his affectionate nature, his sympathy for the weak and suifering, his strong religious convictions, and by his fealty to whatever he believed to be just and right. He died at the comparatively early age of forty-five years, and was buried at Bear Rivei-, greatly res])ected and belov- ed by all who knew him. William's e(bica- tion was confined to the English 1) ranches, and Avas obtained at the (irrannnar School at Bear River, and also by attendance, for 144 A CYCLOPEDIA OF a short time, at the Grammar School at Albion Vale, a place about one mile distant from Annapolis, N.S. The school at Al- bion Vale was taught by the late Andrew Henderson, and it was at the time a some- what celebrated place of instruction. Mr. Tumbull, sen., died, in July, 1845. leav- ing a widow and nine children (two sons and seven daughters j, William being the younger of the two brothers. On the wind- ing up of his estate, and the payment of all just debts, what remained for the family did not much exceed 81,000. For some time previous to this event William's health was in such a precarious condition that it created a good deal of anxiety to the family, and it may be readily supposed he could do little towards the support of his mother and sisters, and to add to their troubles one of the younger sisters, eight years old. died. In the following spring (18-46) all of the family except the l)rother removed to St. John, and shortly after their arrival in that city William obtained a situation as clerk with W. D. W. Hubbard, auctioneer. In this office he remained for about eighteen months, when he became book-keeper for (x. & J. Salter, a firm then largely engaged in the West India trade, and as shipbiiilders and shipowners. On tlie 1st May. 1851. he left their employ and struck out for himself as a wholesale tiour, provision, and grocery merchant, adding thereto a few years after- wards shipowning and sailing, and in this business he is engaged at this time. When he started business he had a capital of about S200.00. very small indeed, but he had himself earned this money, and therefore knew its value. Owing, perhaps, to his youth and inexperience, for many years his 2Jro- gress was very slow, he having made a good number of bad debts and unwise ventures, yet notwithstanding these drawbacks he managed to meet all his liabilities as they matured, and now the reflection that throughout his business career he has been able to meet every honourable obligation, affords him the greatest satisfaction. Since his removal from Bear River he has always lived in St. John. The changes or experi- ences that he has had are perhaps such as are common t(j men engaged in business for so long a period as thirty-six years, j^ar- ticailarly during a time when railroads, steamships and telegraphs have wrought ' such great changes in the methods of business, and to which we may add the i I change resulting from the confederation of the provinces into the Dominion of Canada. I When Mr. Tumbull was about twenty-four years of age he became a member of the order of Sons of Temperance, but after a few years he withdrew, not because he had ceased to believe in the soundness of total abstinence principles, but because he be- i came so immersed in business that his mind seemed to be wholly absorljed by it. and he j felt, owing perhaps to the limitation of his I capacity, unable to keep up his interest in the organization. He has always Ijeen, and still is. a total abstainer, but is not at pre- ; sent associated with any society having for its object the dissemination of temperance principles. Daring his connection -^vith the Sons of Temperance he held a number of offices in the di\-ision, and afterwards be- came its presiding officer; and still later a member of the Grand Division of the pro- \-ince of New Bruns-«-ick. In May. 1884, Mr. TurnbuU was elected president of the St. John Protestant Orj^han Asyhim. and . also a director of the Bank of New Bruns- -mck. which positions he still holds. He. ^vith about a dozen other persons, built a rail- way from Gibson ( oppo.site Fredericton ) to Edmundston, a distance of alwut one hun- ' dred and sixty miles. 'U'ith branches in ad- dition to AVoodstock, N.B., and Fort Fair- field, Maine, and he continued to be con- nected with this enterprise until the road was sold in 1880 to a number of capitalists in ^lontreal. He is a member of the Board of Trade of the city of St. John. In 1883 he took a trij) to the Old World, and spent some time abroad, visiting Britain. Ger- many, and Switzerland. Mr. TurnbuU's father was a Presl)yterian of the old school, and of course the son was brought ujd in the same faith ; but he now attends the Episco- pal church Avith his family. He, however, is not a member of this or any other church, not that he oljjects to churches, but simply that his mind is unsettled as to what is really the orthodox doctrine of faith and practice. One thing is certain, however, Mr. Turn- buU fijids great pleasure in relie\"ing the wants of the deser\-ing poor, and in doing all the good he can to his fellow-men. He does not consider himself in any sense a politician, yet nevertheless he holds decided opinions on most of the political ques- tions that now agitate the country. He is strongly o})posed to what is known as the national policy, for he believes it wrings CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY^ 145 large sums in taxes from the pockets of the people, without its being able to give them in return any compensating advantages. He is also strongly opposed to the expendi- ture of large sums of money on public works of an unremunerative character, and on public works which exist, as he is satis- fied many in Canada do, only by reason of sentiment or false pride. While he recog- nizes that free trade, in its entirety, owing to the enormous debt of the Dominion, is not now practicable, he holds that it is thoroughly sound in princijjle, and being so woukl work the greatest good to the greatest number o" our people, he woukl therefore favour its adoption to as large an extent as might seem to be practicable. He believes in the fullest individual liberty and freedom, consistent with a just regard for the rights of others, and is in favour of all measures ha\'ing for their object the elevation of the masses. He is, in its true sense, a Liberal, but with enough conserva- tism in his composition to caiise him to op- pose any change in the laws of our country that he did not feel firmly con\'ineed would be for the better. Mr. TurnbuU was mar- ried at Maugerville, Sunbury county, on June 6, 185 J, to Julia Caroline, daughter of the late Calvin L. Hatheway, of that place. Mr. Hatheway was of loyalist stock, his father having taken a somewhat prominent part in the revolutionary war be- tween Great Britain and the United States. Mr. Turnbull's \\ife's mother was a daugh- ter of Lieutenant James Harrison, who was also a loyalist, and who came to this pro- \dnce from the United States. He has a family consisting of five children living, namely, three daughters and two sons. Sprag^iie, Thomas Farmer, M.D., Woodstock, New Brunswick, was bom on the 30th of August, 1856, at Brigus, island of Newfoundland. He is a son of the Rev. S. W. SjDrague and Jean Manson Sprague. Thomas was educated at Mount Allison Academy, Sackville, New Brunswick, and at the Pro\incial Normal School. After leaving school he adopted the profession of teach- ing, which he successfully followed for some years, and then, in 1877, moved to the city of New York, and began the study of medi- cine. He entered the medical department of New York University, and successfully graduated in the spring of 1880 from this institution. Dr. Sprague then removed to Welsford, in New Brunswick, in April of the I same year, and began the practice of his profession. He remained in that place for two years, and in June, 1882, went to Hart- land, New Brunswick, where he stayed until June, 1883, and then took up his abode in Woodstock, county of Carleton, New Bruns- wick, where he has been successfully prac- tising ever since. The doctor was brought up in the faith as taught by the Wesleyan Methodists — his father being a clergyman of that church — and he has seen no reason to change his religious belief since growing up into manhood. He married on the 17tli of June, 1884, Loella Nourse, of Boston, Mass. Oajnor, Jirlin Joseph, M.D., St. John, New Brunswick, was born of Irish parents, at Chatham, New Brunswick, on the 19th of March, 1854. They were edu- cated Irish Catholics, his father being a native of the county Meath, and his mother of the county Clare, Ireland. They might well be classed as Irish- Americans, as they were both brought by their respective parents to this country while yet infants. Dr. Gaynor's father, Thomas Gaynor, was educated at the Grammar School, Chatham; and his mother, Catharine Buckley, at a seminary for young ladies, conducted by a Mrs. Merry at Newcastle, New Bruns\vick. This privilege, so exceptional for Irish Catholics in those early days, was doubt- less the reason which determined the doc- tor's parents to bestow in turn a liberal ed- ucation on their oAvn offspring. On his father's side Dr. Gaynor comes of the best blood of historic Meath, being a descend- ant of the same family that in the last cen- tury prodiiced General Hand, of revolution- ary fame as adjutant-general to Washing- ton during the war of American Independ- ence, and that in the present century gave birth to such eminent churchmen as the late Father Hand, founder of All Hallows College, Dublin, and the present jjatriotic Bishop of Meath, the illustrious Dr. Nulty. According to family tradition also, one of Dr. Gaynor's ancestors fought under King James at the ill-fated battle of the Boyne, and was killed while defending the " Bridge of Slane." His name, the same tradition says, was Thomas Gaynor. While on his father's side Dr. Gaynor is thus descended from a liberty -loving race, on his mother's side he is connected with that aristocratic class known in Ireland as ■' Castle Catho- lics." His mother, who was born at Fer- 146 A CYCLOPEDIA OF hill Castle, Blackwater, county Clare, was also closely allied by ties ot blood to the famous fighting " Goughs of Clare," whose name is historical through General Gough, of India fame. Dr. Gaynor is the eldest memVjer of a family of twelve, eight of whom are still living. One of his brothers, the Rev. William C. Gaynor, is Roman Catholic pastor of Richmond, in Carleton county. New Brunswick. Father Gaynor is a writer of great pf)wer on theological questions, and is the author of " Papal Infallibility," published in 1885, and of a Commentary in Latin on the Sumvia Theologica, of Thomas Aquinas, now in press in Paris. Another brother, P. A. Gaynor, is a mem- ber of a large lumbering house in Pennsyl- vania, and is now in the Redwood district of California, where he has established a branch firm. Dr. Gaynor was educated partly at St. Michael's College, Chatham, and partly at St. Joseph's College, Mem- ramcook. In the former institution he studied mathematics and the exact sciences under tbe most distinguished teacher of his day in New Brunswick, Thomas Caulfield, M.A., of Trinity College, Dublin. His sub- sequent studies in logic and metaphysics were pursxied at St. Joseph's College, Mem- ramcook. In this institution he taught the higher mathematics. It was here also that in 1877 he began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. H. E. Boissy, resident physician to St. Jose^jh's, and lead- ing medical practitioner among the Aca- dians of New Brunswick. From St. Jose])h's Dr. Gaynor went in 1878 to Buffalo, New York. There ho attended the lectures in the medical department of Buffalo Univer- sity. He followed also the different courses of the newly established College of Physi- cians and Surgeons in the same city. Grad- uating in 1881, after a four years' course, he carried off' the honours of his class, and was immediately off'ered the chair of chem- istry and toxicology in his ahna mater. This honourable position ho declined at tlie instauce of his friends in New Brunswick, and immediately returned to his native pro- vince. Shortly after his return he read by invitation a paper on ''Chloroform as an Ana'sthetic." before the Medical Society of New Brunswick. E.stablishing himself at DeBec, Ctirleton county, he soon acquired a lucrative practice. It was here that for the first time in the history of medicine in New Brunswick nitro-glycerine wasemjjloy- ed, by Dr. Gaynor, for remedial purposes. Finding that his sphere of labour was too circumscribed, and desirous of entering in- to a larger field. Dr. Gaynor removed, in 1884, to St. John city, where he has since resided. On February 20, 1884, he was united in the bonds of holy wedlock to Nora Costigan, of St. John, a relative of the Hon. John Costigan, Minister of Inland Revenue. By her he has three children — Walter and Frederick, born February 16,. 1885, and James, born August 28, 1886. During his vacations, while yet a medical student, Dr. Gaynor travelled extensively through the Northern, Western, and Middle states, spending some time in the Oil re- gions of Pennsylvania, and at the watering places on the Atlantic coast. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, with no love, however, for toryism as it exists in the mother coimtry. The descendant of a fam- ily that fought and bled for human liberty, he is naturally a liberal in sentiment and aspiration. It is his belief, however, that so far as principles are concerned, there is no essential diff'erence between the Conser- vative party led by Sir John Macdonald and the Liberal party led by Edward Blake. It is tweedle-dum and tweedle-dee ; and in the end the people always rule. Such being his o]>inion of the two great politi- cal parties into which the Canadian peojale are divided. Dr. Gaynor has pronounced views as to the position which his Irish Catholic co-religionists should take in do- minion politics. They should, he believes, adopt Parnell's famous motto, Siqjport tlie part u which does the moat for you. They would thus as a body be bound to neither political party, and would gravitate from one to the other consistently ■with the fair or unfair, just or unjust, treatment they might receive from either party. Outside his native province Dr. Gaynor is best kno^^^l as a writer on materia medica. He has made a specialty of the study of new drugs; and his art'clesin the " Investigator "'^ — a medical monthly of Buft'alo — on this and kindred subjects, have attracted un- usual attention from the medical profession in America. He also wrote and published in the same journal a series of articles in explanation and defence of the Catholic doc- trine on craniotomy. In those articles he trium])hautly refuted all the objections brought forward by his adversaries, and abundantly ])roved, in defence of the Cath- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 14T olic position, that the rational soul animates the human fcstus from the very first moment of conception, and that consequently it is as great a violation of divine law to destroy the living embryo as it would be to murder the new-born child. Dr. Gaynor's views of medical practice are wide and compre- hensive. His motto as regards remedial agents is: " Seek the best where'er 'tis found, On Christian earth or pagan ground." Yet he is not an eclectic in the narrow sense of the word, which is now practically syno- nymous with homoeopath. A thorough knowledge of anatomy, a compJele ac- quaintance with the physiological effect of every drug or remedy, a no less complete acquaintance with pathology, and a virility of character sufficient to elevate the mind above the crude ideas of past generations, whether sanctioned by usage or made sacred by great names, must in futxire, he con- tends, be characteristics of the successful medical practitioner. A determined op- ponent of everything irrational or unintel- ligent in medicine, Dr. Gaynor has ever raised his voice against that hit-or-miss method, facetiously yet correctly styled "shot-gun practice," which combines, for example, in one prescription three, four, or six different remedies, with the ho])o that if one misses some of the others will touch the target. He is, by consequence, a strong believer in the single remedy in every pre- scription. Dr. Gaynor is also a sjjecialist in gynecology, his practice in St. John being almost limited to this department of his profession. He resides at number 2 (irer- main street. de Martigiiy, Atlelard Le Hoj ne, Notary and Cashier of La Bamiue Jacques Cartier, Montreal, was born at Varennes, on the 25th of ])ecember, 1826. He is the son of Jacques Le Moyne do Martigny, seigneur of de Martigny, St. Michel and La Trinite, and of Dame Suzanne ElJonore Perrault, daughter of the late Francois Perrault, prothonotary of the Superior Court at Quebec. Mr. de Martigny is de- scended from that distinguished family of Le Moyne, who arrived in this country in 16 rl, of whom were the de Longueuil, de Ste. Helene, d' Iberville, de Bienville, de Ohateauguay, de Sevigny, and de Mari- court; one of his ancestors, J. B. Le Voyne de Martigny, was at the capture of Fort Bourbon by d'lberville, and was left there as commander of that fort. Having ter- minated his classical studies at the Mont- real College, under the gentlemen of the Seminary of St. Sulpice, he studied law under J. N. A. Archambault, notary, at Varennes, and was admitted to practice in January, 1848. In August, 1856, he was^ appointed registrar of the county of Beau- harnois; and in 1871 manager of the branch of the iVTerchants Bank of Canada, estab- lished in the town of Beauharnois. He, however, resigned these different positions to accept the one as manager of Le Credit Fonder da Bas Canada in 1875; and final- ly he was offered the position of cashier of La Banque Jacques Cartier in Montreal in 1877, which he accepted and still occupies. He is one of the executors of the estate of the late Hon. Charles Wilson. Mr. de .Mar- tigny is one of the owners of a large asbes- tos estate in Coleraine, Megantic comity, and one of the proprietors of a pulp and paper mill in Sorel, and was president of the Joliette Railroad Company at the time of the sale of that road to the government. In 1855 he married Aglae Globensky, daughter of Lieut. -Colonel Globensky, one of the officers under Colonel de Salaberry, at the battle of Chateauguay. He has four sons by this marriage, one of them, the old- est, Louis Le Moyne de Martigny, is man- ager of the Jacques Cartier Bank at Sala- berry de Valleyfield. He was married again to his first cousin, Marie Malvina Le Moyne de Martigny, daiighter of Hugues Le Moyne de Martigny, seigneur of de Ramezay and Bourgchemin. Itoyers, Henry Cassady, Postmas- ter, Peterboro', Ontario, was born at Graf- ton, Northumberland county, Ontario, on the 16th of July, 1839. He is the second son of the late Lieut.-Col. James G. Rogers and his first wife, Maria Bixrnham. His father died at his residence in Grafton on the 27th of November, 1874, in his seven- tieth year, greatly regretted by all who knew him. He (J. G. Rogers) came to Grafton with his parents from the village of Brighton, his birthplace, w^hen he was only five years of ago, and his life was spent amidst a peojjle many of whom were the contemporaries of his youth. He was an upright magistrate and a sincere Chris- tian. His grandfather, David McGregor Rogers, was a U. E. loyalist, who came to this country from New England with the 148 A CYCLOPEDIA OF first loyalists after the termination of the revolutionary war in 1776. He settled first on the Bay of Quinte, afterwards moving to Presqu'Isle, and finally to the township of Haldimand (now the village of Grafton), where he opened the first post-office between Kingston and York (now Toronto), and where three generations of the family have been born. The homestead is now occupied by his brother, Lient.-Col. R. Z. Rogers, commanding the 40th battalion. He (D. McG. Rogers) was for twenty-four years a member of the Upper Canada legislature; and died on the 13th July, 1824, in the fiftv-third year of his age. In his political opinions he was a warm admirer of the British constitution, and during the time he sat in the legislature no member guarded the rights and interests of the people more zealously than he did. His great-grand- father was the famous Col. Rogers of " Ro- ger's Rangers," who was a man of note dur- ing the last century, — best known as Major Rogers. He first became famous as a scout in the Indian troubles. His exploits fur- nished Fenimore Cooper with the ground- work of his tales of the " Leather-stocking," and ■' Horrors of the Backwoods." He was commissioned to raise and organize a regi- ment of scouts during the French war. This corps rendered valuable service at the taking of Canada from the French, and on its surrender Rogers Avas entrusted by the commander-in-chief with the arduous duty of proceeding west from Montreal, and tak- ing possession in the name of the king of Great Britain, of the country including forts Frontenac (Kingston), Niagara, De- troit, Pittsburgh, Sault Ste. Marie, etc., as far as the Mississippi in the west and Lake Superior north. He had therefore the honour of commanding the first British expedition that passed through the great chain of lakes, interesting accounts of which may be foimd in his " Journal," published in London, England, in 1765; " Heely's Wolfe in Canada," " Parkman's Con- spiracy of Pontiac," chap. vi. ; and many others. The Rangers were re-organized on the breaking out of the rebellion in 1766, by a brother of the above Colonel James Rogers who commanded at St. Johns, Que- bec (the key of Canada as it was then called), and were called the " Queen's Rfmgers." but many of the leading s2)irits joined the rebels, among others Putnam and Stark, who were lieutenants in the Rangers, and who became celebrated gen- erals in the American army. Great induce- ments were offered the Rogers to join Washington, but they remained staunch to the Crown, for which they not only lost their homes and possessions (some 30,000 acres of land in New England), but had their good name caliimniated, being called traitors and spies by the partisan press of the revolutionists. The mother of H. C. Rogers was third daughter of the late Hon. Zaccheus Burnham, of Cobourg, who came to Cobourg with his four brothers from New Hampshire at the end of the last century, and who carved out homes and affluence from the forest, and left a large circle of descendants who are filling many positions of trust and honour throughoxit the Do- minion. Henry Cassady Rogers, the sub- ject of our sketch, received his primary edu- cation in the public school at Grafton ; then when twelve years of age he was sent to the Model School at Toronto, and finally to the Grammar School at Kingston where he gradiiated. He then apprenticed himself to his uncle, the late Lieut.-Colonel R. D. Rogers, of Ashburnham, who learned him how to condiict a commercial business, and \vith this uncle he remained from 1855 to 1860. He then went into business in Pe- terboro' with his brother-in-law, Harry Strickland, son of Colonel Strickland, of Lakefield, and for ten years they carried on a successful mercantile lumbering and min- ing business under the name of Strickland & Rogers. In 1871 Mr. Rogers retired from the firm and was made postmaster of Peterboro', which office he now fills with satisfaction to the public. Mr. Rogers has inherited from his illustrious ancestors a love of military life, and when only sixteen years of age, on the Rifle company being formed at Peterboro' in 1855, he joined that cor2:)s; and in 1866, on the promotion of Captain Poole, he was given command of the company, and acted as its captain dur- ing the various Fenian raids of that period. In 1867, when the 57th battalion was formed, he and his companions became No. 1 company of the battalion. In this con- nection, we may here say, that his brother, Lieut.-Colonel Robert Z. Rogers, com- mands the 40th (Northumberland) battal- ion; and his cousin, Lieut.-Colonel James Z. Rogers, the 57th battalion Peterboro' Rangers. In 1872 he raised and command- ed the Peterboro' Cavalry troop, which now CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 149 forms C troop of the 3rd Prince of Wales Canadian Dragoons. Mr. Eogers is an ac- tive member of the Masonic brotherhood, and belongs to Corinthian lodge, No. 101, Peterboro'. He crossed the Atlantic in 1862, and made himself familiar with many cities of the old world. In politics he is a Liberal- Conservative; and in religious mat- ters he is an adherent of the Episcopal church. In 1863 he was married at Smith's Falls, to Maria, eldest daughter of Dr. W. H. Burritt, a scion of an old U. E. loyalist family of the Kidean, who settled at Bur- ritt's Rapids many years ago. Uiisuii, J. C, M. P. for Argenteuil, Manufacturer, Montreal, was born on the 19th of July, 1841, near Rasharkiu, county of Antrim, Ireland, and came to Montreal with his parents in September, 1842, and near this city the family settled. His father, Samuel Wilson, belonged to a numerous family of farmers and artisans in Antrim county ; and his mother, Elizabeth Crocket, was descended from similar stock. Her fore- fathers were of a roving disjjosition, and their descendants are scattered all over the British colonies. Both Mr. Wilson's par- ents were religious people, and held a pro- minent position in the church. His mother died at an early age from the excessive hard- ships she had to endure in the vicinity of Montreal, as a pioneer settler. His father, as a youth, received no training as an arti- san, yet having a natural talent for using tools, he adopted the trade of carj^enter, and in a very few years thereafter became an expert mechanic. He designed and made the first railway snow-plough used in Can- ada, and from his model the ploiigh now used is still made. He entered the employ of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, and up to the time of his death was engaged by that company in building their cars. He was a very industrious man, and in the evenings, after leaving his lasual work, fre- quently spent hours in his own workshop in his house at his lathe and bench, making furniture for himself and his neighbours. James, the subject of this sketch, was edu- cated by an old-fashioned schoolmaster in the rudiments of learning, and had to work for a living at a very early age. He was apprenticed to mechanical engineering in 1853, and until 1856 he worked at his trade, when, having met with an accident that in- jured his right arm, he had to give up the trade of a mechanical engineer Mr. Wilson now shows with pride some fine machinist's tools he made when he was an apprentice. On recovering from his injuries, a kind friend observing the talents and persever- ance of the lad, sent him to the Model School, and from there to the McGill Nor- mal School in Montreal, and in July, 1859, he graduated as a teacher. In 1859 he re- moved to Beauharnois, and taught the dis- sentient school in that town until 1862, when he moved west to Belleville, where he clerked until December of that year, when he moved to Toronto, and accepted the position of clerk in the office of a wholesale news com- pany. In 1863 he went to New York, and from November of that year until January, 1867, he had the management of the pub- lishing house of T. W. Strong, of that city, and through his perseverance and industry gained the highest rung of the ladder of for- tune in Mr. Strong's establishment. While Mr. Wilson resided in New York he was a great favourite among the Canadians ^^sit- ing there, and helped many of them when they were in need. A deep-seated love for Canada, and a special inducement brought him again back to Montreal in January, 1867, and he at once assumed the position of cashier and bookkeeper in the office of Angus, Logan & Co., paper manufacturers ( now the Canada Paper Co. ) He remained with this firm until Sejitember, 1870, when he went into business on his own account. He began the manufacture of paper bags by machinery, and was the first in Canada to supply the grocers all over the Dominion with this very useful article. This prov- ing, by energy and ability, a prosperous business, in 1880 he built a large 2)iiper mill at Lachute, province of Quebec, and in 1885 had to double its power so as to be able to make six tons of paper per day. In 1880 Mr. Wilson was elected an alderman for the city of Montreal, and was again returned by acclamation in 1883. For six years he represented St. Lawrence ward in the city council, and for four years was chairman of the light committee. He was president of the Fish and Game Protection Club of the province of Quebec for two years; president of the Irish Protestant Benevolent Society for two years; and has occupied the princijjal chairs in several other societies in Montreal. Mr. Wilson is a Ufe governor and vice-president of the Mont- real Dispensary; a governor of the Protest- ant Insane Asylums of the jirovince of Que- 150 A cyclopj^dia of bee ; one of the board of Protestant School Commissioners of Montreal; principal and head of the firm of J. C. Wilson k Co., paper and paper-bag makers, Montreal; and at the general elections held February 22, 1887, he was elected to represent the coTinty of Argenteuil, jiro-vince of Quebec, in the House of Commons at Ottawa. Mr. Wilson is an ardent fisherman, fond of lakes and brooks, and never hesitates to drive thirty or forty miles over a rough road to enjoy a few hours' trout-fishing, and tho- roughly enjoys camp life. In business he is active, pushing, hard-working, and far- seeing in his plans, and never puts off until to-morrow what can be done to-day. With his emj:)loyees he is a favourite, and is looked upon by them as most generous and kind. Mr. Wilson has adopted as his motto. " It pays to think." In politics he is a Liberal- Conservative, and in religion ;m adherent of the Presbyterian form of worship. On the 6th of November. 186-5, he married Jeanie. third daughter of the late William Kilgour, of Beauharnois. province of Quel^ec, and has a family of five children — three sons and two daughters. Wetlderlmrn, lion ^Villiaiii, Q.C. . Hampton. .Judge of the County Courts of Kings and Albert counties. New Brunswick, was born at St. John, October 12, 183-i. He is a son of the late Alexander Wedder- burn, of Aberdeen. Scotland. Imperial emi- gration agent at St. John. New Bninswick. and Jane HeaN-iside. of London. England. His father was the author of several pamph- lets and letters on important puljlic affairs. Judge Wedderljurn was educated at the St. John Grammar School, and entered as a student for the profession of the law in the office of the Hon. John H. Gray, fnow judge of the Supreme Court of British Co- hnnbiaj; was called to the bar in 1858, and created a Queen's counsel in 1873. Until he entered political life he enjoyed a very large and leading law practice. For several years he was intimately connected with the press as a contributor and editor, and in both cajxicities, as well as on the jilatform, took a very prominent and pro- noimced stand in favour of the confederation of the pro%'inces. At the general elections of 1870 he first 2:)resented himself for par- liamentary honours, and was returned for the city of St. John to the New Brunswick legi.slature. In 1874 he was re-elected by a very large vote; and again in 1878 he was honoured by re-election. While in parlia- ment he took a very prominent part in the discussions before the house, and was the author and promoter of a series of resolu- tions in favour of " better terms " for New Brunswick, and was afterwards delegated on several occasions to go to Ottawa on this subject. The result of the agitation was a very large increase to the income of the pro- ^'ince, secured with other advantages when the delegates pressed the matter finally and with effect upon the settlement of the ex- jDort duty question during the discussion of the Washington treaty. Mr. Wedderbum was also the author and mover of the f amoiis resolutions — kno"mi and published through- out the election as the "Wedderbum reso- lutions " — on which the School bill contest in 1874 was conducted, re-affirming the principle of the School law, and protesting against any interference by the parliament of Canada on the .sul)ject. Very many laws were added to the Statute Book upon his motion. On February 18, 1876, he was elected speaker of the House of Assembly by acclamation, and while holding this office lie was requested to report a code of laws for the government of the house during business and in committee. The rules at this time were very feAv and incomplete, and quite behind the age. At the follow- ing session he reported to the house. Tak- ing the practice of the Imperial and Cana- dian Houses of Commons, and the rules of parliament, and of the different legislatures of the provinces, — the report pro^'ided a full and complete course of procedure. Af- ter full discussion during that and the fol- lowing ses.sion the whole of the rules were ado])ted with very little, if any, material amendment. The committee reported a grant of five hundred dollars to the sj^eaker for his work — which had. of course, been pre]:)ared without charge. Mr. Wedderbum ranked high as a parliamentary authority, and is thought not to have been excelled in the chair. At the close of the term of the Assembly, the leader of the op])osition, in a very comjilimrntary s])eech. moved the thanks of the House to Mr. Speaker for his ability, etc., in the government of the house. The premier (now Judge King) seconded the motion. ;ind highly eulogized the S2:)eak- er. and concluded l)y saying that "if he (Mr. Wedderbum ) had not been so good a Sjieaker. he ("Mr. King ) would have been a better parliamentarian." Immediately after CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 151 this, Hon. Mr. Wedderburn was appointed to the office of provincial secretary, and this office he held until he accepted the position of judge of the County Courts of Kings and Albert. He twice refused a seat in the government of 1870, and the ap pointment of commissioner to consolidate the provincial statutes. He has been promi- nently identified with the temperance move- ment, and has filled various important posi- tions in this army of moral reform, among others that of grand worthy 2:)atriarch of the Grand Division of the Sons of Temperance of New Brunswick. He was jjresident of the Mechanics' Institute of St. John for three years consecutively, 1869-72, as well as holding other offices in the institute. He was first president of the Provincial Board of Agriculture, created by a law passed by the government of which he was a member, and the address delivered by him at the in- auguration of the board was greatly com- plimented, and published or largely c] noted in English and French throughout Canada and in the United states. And it was largely through his means that the stock farm was undertaken by the government. Hon. Mr. Wedderburn has been speaker, orator, and lecturer on many important j^ublic and pri- vate occasions, commanding the close at- tention of his auditors at all times l)y his eloquent, powerful and ornate deliverances. Among (lis efforts in this direction may be ni; ntioned his address at the memorial ser- vices held in the city of St. John for Presi- dent Lincoln; his oration as provincial sec- retary at the memorial services of President Garfield; at the laying the corner stone of the Masonic Temple in St. John; at the ceremonial in celebration of the Centennial of the introduction of Freemasonry into New Brunswick; his great lecture on " Colin Campbell," in the Mechanics' Institute, on behalf of the volunteers during tho Fenian troubles; and his brilliant oration, delivered by request of the city corporation of St. John, upon the Centennial celebration of the lauding of the loyalists in New Bruns- wick. Many others m^glit be mentioned. Judge Wedderburn has always been promi- nently identified with the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons. He was initiated in St. John's lodge, of St. John, June 19, 1857, and was senior warden in 1860, and wor- shipful master in 1862 and 1863. The capitular degrees were received in the New Brunswick Royal Arch Chapter. Ho was the first of, and the most prominent among, those who advocated the erection of an in- dependent Grand Lodge in and for New Brunswick; promoting the movement by his voice and pen, particularly by the lat- ter in the colunms of the Masonic Mirror, the organ of the order, and of which he was the editor. At the formation of the Grand Lodge, October, 1867, he was imanimously elected deputy grand master, in which po- sition he continued up to 1870, when he was elected grand master, and occujned the latter office for two years. Although the removal of his residence to his villa at Hampton, Kings county, and the prosecu- tion of his judicial functions have drawn him away from active participation in the work of the craft, nevertheless he continues to retain his membership in the lodge, and to preserve a warm interest in the prosper- ity of the brotherhood. The editor of the Parliamentdrij Practice ihws refers to him when he was provincial secretary: — " Upon the floor of the House he was a leading spirit; eloquent and argumentative, a keen debater, and a master of sarcasm." Judge Wedderburn is married to Jeannie, daughter of the late C. C. Vaughan, of St. John, New Brunswick. Sleeves, Jiiines Tlioriia§, M.D., Superintendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Hillsborough, Albert C(^unty, N.B., on the 25th of .lanuary, 1828. He is a brother of the late Hem. W. H. Steeves, senator, and one of the delegates or found- ers of Canadian confederation; and is of German ancestry. His great-grandfather was born in Osnaburgh, Germany, whence he removed to Philadelphia, and his grand- father, the Rev. Henry Steeves, removed thence to Albert county, N.B., about the beginning of the present centixry. Dr. Steeves is a Baptist in religion, as all his fathers were; in fact "his fathers" were the pioneers in disseminating Baptist doc- trines over a large portion of the province. His literary education was obtained at the Grammar School at Hillsborough, at Sack- ville Academy, and finally at the Baptist Seminary, Fredericton, under the late Dr. Spurden. After the completion of his liter- ary course, he entered upon the study of medicine at the Pennsylvania Medical Col- lege, — attracted by the famous surgeon, Valentine Mott, — the following year he matriculated at the University of New York, 152 A CYCLOPEDIA OF and graduated in the class of 1853. From the medical faculty of the university he re- ceived a certificate of honour for jjroficiency and for having pursued a more extended course of instruction than that required by the college curriculum. In June, 1854, the doctor established himself in Portland, St. John, N.B., and entered upon the practice of his jjrofession. After the lapse of a few weeks Asiatic cholera made its apjDearance there in all its terribleness, spreading dismay and death on every hand. During the pre- valence of this fearful scourge, extending over a jseriod upwards of four months, Dr. Steeves, by his unswer-ving fidelity to his professional duties iinder every circum- stance, and his good measure of success, fairly placed himself among the leading physicians of New Brunswdck. In 1864 he removed to the city of St. John and erected the fine block of four brick and stone build- ings situated on the comer of Wellington Row and Union street, which escaped the great fire of 1877, and still stand as a mon- ument to his success and enterprise, and where he resided until 1875. On the open- ing of the General Public Hospital in 1864, the doctor was appointed upon the staff of visiting surgeons, and was the last of the original staff retiring. When the late Dr. J. Waddell was about retiring from the superinttndency of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Dr. Steeves was recommended by his professional brethren almost as a body, as a suitable successor for the position. Under the management of Dr. Waddell the asylum for the insane had attained a high position for successful work; and since un- der the present administration it has not lost a whit, Init has kej^t fully abreast -s^-ith the various modern improvements incident to asylum treatment everywhere. Dr. Steeves is a strong advocate for segregation, pavilion accommodation, and employment for the insane. By means of his advocacy with pen and voice, he has induced the gov- ernment of New Bruns"nack to purchase a large farm, and to erect thereon a groujj of pavilions for the care and employment of a suitable number and class of the most healthy, indigent and pauper insane. The establishment is in full working con- dition, and is regarded as a complete suc- cess, in that it is far better than the old hos])ital system for this class of patients, giving them more freedom and out-door work, and that it is far more economical both in buildings and maintenance. Dr. Steeves was elected a member of the first medical council of New Brunswick on the introduction of the English Medical Regis- tration Act in 1860. JBe has occupied the position of vice-president of the Canada Medical Association; he is an honorary member of the American JNiedical Associa- tion; he was elected unanimously first pre- sident of the New Brunswick Medical So- ciety under the New Bruns\\-ick Medical Act of 1880; and is past president of the New Brunswick Medical Council. The Dr. was married to M. A. McMann, daughter of the late Captain L. McMann, of the city of St. John, in May, 1856; by whom he had born nine children. The eldest son, Frank H. Steeves, M.D., a very promising young man, graduated in medicine at Belle- vue Hospital College, N.Y., and soon after went to St. Thomas Hospital College, Lou- don. England, in 1880, to further pursue medical studies. There he contracted acute phthisis, to which disease he succumbed in March, 1882. The second son, J. A. E. Steeves, A.M., M.D.. is the assistant l^hy- sician in the Pro\-incial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, at the present time. Van >V}ck, Rev. Janic§, Pastor of the Euclid Avenue Methodist Church, To- ronto, was born in Stamford village, in the coimty of Welland. Ontario, on the 16th of May, 1846. He is descended on his father's side from an old Dutch family, who many centuries ago were seigniors of Wyck in Holland, bi;t through political intrigue lost their feudal rights. The first Van Wyck in America emigrated from Holland in 1660, and he and his son Theodorus took the oath of allegiance to the British government in 1681. Since then the family has multijjlied considerably, and is now scattered through- out the United States, many of them filling important positions, both in church and state. Rev. Mr. Van Wyck's grandfather was the only one of this name who came to Canada, to make for himself a home, and he settled in the Niagara peninsula, where Daniel Yan Wyck, the father of the siibject of our sketch, was born, on the 7th of Octo- ber, 1812, his mother being Nancy Kilman. Daniel Yan Wyck was a farmer, a man of good judgment and sterling integrity, and was invariably sought after in cases of arbi- tration. Durin^! the Mackenzie rebellion, he stood by the "old Hag." He took a deep interest in education — filling the position of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 153 school trustee for many years, and was an ardent supporter of free schools. In politics he was a Conservative. James Van Wyck, like a great many boys in their days, had to help his father on the farm or in the work- shop, and got very little time to attend the pubhc school after he was ten years of age, except a few months in winter, and not even that after he was fifteen years of age. Mis- fortune had befallen his father, and the son worked hard to help him to regain his former position. When he had reached his nineteenth year, having despaired of getting what his mind craved after, an education, he apprenticed himself to an elder brother in the tovm. of Welland, to learn the carj^en- ter trade, and having served the usual time, he left Welland and went to Lockport, New York state, where he remained for about eighteen months. During these years he had been impro\'ing his mind, and had united himself with the Methodist Episcopal church. On his return to Canada in 1869, he entered the ministry of that church, and after preaching four years, and pursu- ing the required course of study, he was ordained to the work of the ministry in 1873, by the late Bishop Richardson. In the fall of that year he entered Albert College, Bel- leville, where he remained for four years, and graduated in arts in June, 1878. He was also valedictorian of the year, besides receiving the silver medal. He was then invited to a church in Strathroy, where he remained for nearly five years ])j special request (it being a privilege at that time to those who were preferred). Next he went to Hamilton, where he remained for three years, and in 1886 he was invited to take charge of the church in Euclid avenue, in Toronto, the pastorate he now fills, with honour to the Master and satisfaction to his people. Rev. Mr. Van Wyck has always taken an active part in temperance work, and from 1879 to 1882 occupied the office of president of the branch of the Dominion Alliance, for the suppression of the liquor traffic in the county of Middlesex. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd- fellows, and he has also been connected with the Sons of Temperance, and the Good Tem- plars for a number of years. He is one of the board of management of Alma College, St. Thomas, and also one of its board of exami- ners. He occupied a seat on the board of examiners of the Albert College, Belleville, from 1878 up to the time of the union of the Methodist churches a few years ago. He has also been associated with the board of examiners in the Annual Conference of the Methodist church since 1878. Rev. Mr. Van Wyck has been repeatedly appointed a delegate to the General Conference of the Methodist church, and when the question of union was discussed, he supported the union wiih aU his ability. He has been very happy in his church relations, and in all his charges has enjoyed great prosperity. In his earlier years, Mr. Van Wyck was somewhat preju- diced in favour of the denomination in which he was brought up, and thought John Wes- ley infallible, but Ephraim has now some- what modified his views. Althoxigh he is a firm Arminian, and believes in the genuine- ness, authority and inspired character of the divine revelation c(mtained in the Bible, yet he sometimes wishes that the creeds of the Evangelical church had more sj^ecified articles of faith in them, and that they were more liberally interpreted. He was mar- ried on the 24th of August, 1866, to Maria Fares, who was educated in Toronto and Belleville, and is a daughter of Isaac Fares, of Humberstone, Welland coimty, Ontario. ISroiiKOii, Erskiiie Henry, M. P. P., for the city of Ottawa, was born on the 12th of September, 1844, at Bolton, Warren county. New York state. He is a son of Henry Franklin Bronson, and Edith E. Pierce, of Bolton, and a member of the firm of Bronsons & Weston, lumber manvifac- turers, Ottawa city. Mr. Bronson, senr., came to Canada in 1849, when Erskine was a mere child, and \'isiting the Ottawa valley became greatly impressed with the idea that the Chaudiere Falls was a splendid place to begin lumbering operations. The timber supjjly in the neighbourhood seemed inex- haustible, and the water power magnificent. After a short stay, however, he returned to his home in the state of New York, and thought little more of the matter until 1852, when he persuaded J. J. Harris, an extensive lumberman, with whom he was associated, to go with him to Ottawa. Arrived at their destination, the river experts tried to per- suade them that the Ottawa river was not suitable for the safe driving of saw logs. But Mr. Bronson thought differently, and persuaded Mr. Harris to purchase certain water lots at the Chaudiere Falls, which he accordingly did, from the Cro'wn, and here, under the personal superintendence of Mr. Bronson, were erected mills, portions of 154 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ■whicli still exist and form part of the splendid works since erected by Bronsons & Weston. Shortly after the erection of the first mill, Mr. Bronson removed his family to Canada, in the fall of 1853, and made his permanent liome at Ottawa. Erskine was brought up here, and received his education in the best schools in the place, and at Sandy Hill. New York state. After finishing his education, he took a position in the business; and in 1864, on the retirement of Mr. Harris, he was admitted a partner into the new firm, which was then established, and which consisted of Henry Franklin Bronson, who with Mr. Harris originated the business, Erskine H. Bronson and Abijah Weston, of Painted Po.=t, New York, and which has since traded under the name of Bronsons k Weston. This firm o-n-ns two mills at Ottawa, running ten gates. ^\-ith a capacity of producing 60.000.000 feet of lumber during the season. They have also clo.se business relations with John W. Dun- ham, of Albany, New York, and Herman K. Weaver, of Burlington, Vt., and have also a yard in Albany, for the sale of lumber in the rough. Though in the building up of this great concern, the Liberal member for Ottawa has played no inconsiderable part, he has also done something to prove himself a good and useful citizen. He has been a member of thr^ School Board for the last fourteen years, during the past four years of which he has been chairman of the commit- tee on school management. He was first elected to the city council by acclamation in 1871, and served continuously until the close of 1877. During the last year he was in the council he prepared the act consoli- dating the city debt, and secured its passage in the Ontario Legislature in the session of 1878. This act relieved the city by the ex- tension of the time of the payment of its bonds of a large annual levy for a sinking fund, and fixed the maximum of taxation at ■one and a half per cent., instead of two per cent, as before, under the general municipal law. Mr. Bronson in politics is a Reformer, and in religious matters an adherent of the Presbyterian church. He is one of our rising men. and we feel that Ottawa in electing him as one of its representatives in the Ontario Legislature, has done something that shall redound to its credit. Mr. Bron- son was married in 1874, to Miss Webster, the only daughter of Professor Web.ster, a Southern gentleman, at one time a resident of the capital, hj whom he has two children. ]?Ic Fliers oil, K. B., Thorold, Ontario, was born in 1817, in Kingussie, Invemess- shire, Scotland. His father was a merchant; and having a family of twelve children, he considered it would be to their interest if he emigrated to Canada. He therefore left his native country in 1822, and located him- self in Glengarry, about twenty miles east by north of Cornwall. Here R. B. McPher- son was brought up, and received the very scant education given in the back to^v-n- ship schools in those days, the principal be- ing the reading of the Bible and the com- mitting to memory the Shorter Catechism and the Paraphrases. At the age of thirteen he left home, and found employment in a country store, the proprietor of which was in the habit of purchasing timber for the Quebec market. Here Mr. McPherson re- mained for some time, and frequently had to act in the capacity of raftsman, and help bring his employer's timber down to Que- bec. He often ran the risk of losing his life in the St. Lawrence river rapids be- fore the rafts were safely anchored in the timber coves at Quebec. During the rebel- lion of 1837-8, Mr. McPherson took sides with the loyalists, and had command at one time of a guard at the river Beaudette bridge near Coteau Rapids. Province of Quebec, whose duty it was to intercept rebels coming or going over it, more especially the late Sir George E. Cartjer, for whose head a large sum of money had been offered, and who it was thought would endeavour to es- cape across the St. Lawrence at this point. In 1840 Mr. McPherson left Lower Can- ada and came to Toronto, where he re- mained a short time, and then crossed over to Rochester. From this place he travelled through the Genesee country to Buffalo and the Falls of Niagara, and when at the latter jioint he saw Mr. McLeod, of Caro- line steamer notoriety, a prisoner, sur- rounded by a strong guard at the hotel. He again returned to Canada, and found em])loyment near the town of Simcoe. In this jilace he remained for a short time, and then left for New Yf)rk, intending to sail from that port to Buenos Ayres, South America, and try his fortune there. On his arrival at New York, he learned that Buenos Ayres was blockaded by a French squadron, and being ad^-ised to abandon his southern trip, he remained in New York until his means were exhausted, and then, in the month of Januarv, he left -with the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 155 idea of tramping his way to New Orleans by way of the Mississippi. On his route he passed through Philadelphia and Balti- more. At Baltimore he took the turnpike road to Pittsburg, bxit after a while got so tired and footsore with travelling in the snow that he txirned off the main road, and took the road right across the state of Pennsylvania through the coal mines, mak- ing his way towards Lake Erie. When he reached the Alleghany river he followed its course for a long distance, and then struck off to Jamestown, just then starting into existence, and then on to Buffalo. From this point he walked across Lake Erie on the ice to Port Colborne and then on to St. Catharines. Here he found employment as bookkeeper, paymaster, etc., in the office of Thompson, Haggert ct Burford, contrac- tors engaged in building the Welland canal. Frank Smith (now senator) was at this date employed by this former firm and was in charge of a store that shipped goods to the labourers' employers on the works. After the completion of this famous Wel- land canal contract Mr. McPherson went to Toronto, and meeting a Mr. Logan, a then jorominent merchant in that citv, who controlled a1)out a dozen stores in various country parts north and east of Toronto, he entered into an engagement with him to take charge of a store at Oshawa; and while here Mr. Logan's st^rekeejier in the village of Markham was murdered (the murderer being afterwards executed in Toronto ), and Mr. McPherson was transferred to that vil- lage 1 eaving the employ of Mr. Logan, he went to the village of Bradford and took charge of a store for Mr. Cameron, son of the late Colin Cameron, of Hogshollow, Yonge street. In the spring of 1849 Mr. McPherson again got restless and left Brad- ford with the intention of going to Califor- nia, but on his way, at Buff'alo, he met the late Mr. Brown, who had a large contract in the Welland canal, and abandoning his C;difornia trijs, he arranged with that gen- tleman to become his general manager, and once more returned to Canada. Mr. BroAvn was a largo contractor, and shortly after Mr. McPherson joined him, he secured a contract amounting to about two million dollars on the new canal; but before he had half completed the work, he met with an accident which caused his death. Dying without a vn\\ Mr. Brown's affairs were put into Chancery, and Mr. McPherson was ap- pointed administrator of the estate. He went to work and completed Mr. Brown's contracts. When the estate was wound up, it was found that Mr. McPherson had faithfully done his duty, and that the sum of six hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars had been realized for Mr. Brown's heirs. In 1869 Mr. McPherson built a grist flouring mill, and another in 1878, to supply flour, etc., to the men building the canal, both ventures turning out fairly. From 1856 to 1862 he was a member of the town council, and for two years a member of the county council, antl when acting as county councillor he had the pleasure of taking part in the reception given the Prince of Wales at Chippawa. Mr. Mc- Pherson was a Liberal in politics ever since he knew the meaning of the term, and always took a lively interest in political matters. In 1881. on the death of his wife, he took a tour through the Southern States, and in his rambles visited Maryland, Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Ar- kansas. Missoxiri. Teiuiessee and Kentucky, returning through some of the Northern States : and came to the wise conclusion that Ontario suited him best, and in this pro- vince he sjient the remainder of his days. Although Mr. McPherson's parents were, in the old country. ]3aptists, and in Can- ada attended the Presliyterian church, and were very strict (jbservers of Sunday and all the doctrines held by that churcji, yet as a young man he began to wonder why God was so particular about Sunday. Being of an inquiring turn of mind and not afraid to think for himself, he began rc-ading phil- osophical works, and wt)rks on the religions of antiquity, and c()m])aring them with the writings of the Jews, he gradually relin- quished the Christian dogmas, and became an Agnostic. Mr. McPherson was married in 1855, to Miss Secord, whose jiarents re- side near St. David's, a few miles from Qxieenston. Her grandmother gained con- siderable renown during the war of 1812, having walked from (^ueenston in the night through the enemy's lines to give impor- tant informaticm to the British general sta- tioned about twenty miles west t)f that place. While on a visit to Buffalo, Mr. McPherson was suddenly taken ill, and died on the Ist December, 1886, in that city, aged sixty-nine years, leaving behind him an honourable record for integrity and usefulness. 156 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Cameron, Sir Itlattliew, Chief Jus- tice of Ontario, who died at Toronto, On- tario, on the 25th June, 1887, was a son of John McAlpine Cameron, a descendant of the Camerons of Fassifern, Scotland, who emigrated from Inverness-shire to Upper Canada in 1819, setthng at Dundas, where he engaged in business, and subsequently discharged the duties of deputy postmaster under Thomas Allan Stayner, then the Im- perial Postmaster-General for Canada, at Hamilton. He also acted as deputy clerk of the Crown for Gore district. Later, how- ever, he was a student at law with Sir xlUan McNab, with whom he remained until he was appointed to the first permanent clerk- ship of committees in the parliament of Upper Canada, from which office he went to the Canada Company's office in Toronto, where he held an imj^ortant j^osition for many years. Coming to this part of the country, as he did, when it was yet unde- veloped and sparsely settled, and engaging in active life, Mr. Cameron became well and widely known. He died in Toronto in No- vember, 1866, aged seventy-nine years. His mother was Nancy Foy, a native of Nor- thumberland, England. The deceased chief justice received his primary education at a school in Hamilton, under a Mr. Ran- dall, and afterwards at the District School in Toronto, which he attended for a short time. In 1838 he entered Upper Canada College, where he studied until 1840, when, in consequence of an accident while out shooting, he had to retire. Two years later he entered the office of Campbell tt Boulton, of Toronto, as a student-at-law, where he remained until Hilary term, 18'49, when he was called to the bar of the province of Ontario. He engaged in Toronto in the practice of his profession, first with Mr. Boulton, his former master. This firm con- tinued until the law partnership of Cayley k Cameron was formed, the senior member being the Hon. William Cayley, an English barrister, and at one time inspector- general of the province, afterwards registrar of the Surrogate Court. In 1859 Dr. McMichael entered the firm, which then became Cay- ley, Cameron & McMichael. Later Mr. Cayley retired, and E. Fitzgerald became a partner in the business, and his name was added to the name and style of the firm, remaining so for several years. Alfred Hos- kin subsequently 1) 'came a partner, ; nd on the retirement of Mr. Fitzgerald, the firm became Cameron, McMichael & Hoskin, and remained so until the senior member's elevation to the bench in November, 1878. He was elected a Queen's counsel in 1863, and elected a bencher in November, 1878. He first came into public notice as a counsel in the famous case of Anderson, the fugi- tive slave, the refusal to surrender whom, on the part of the British government, nearly caused war between that country and the United States. Mr. Cameron re- presented Anderson in this case, and made a defence which for burning eloquence and closely reasoned lf)gic has scarcely ever been equalled at the bar in this country. It was over the magnificence of this effort that he got the title which he retained for some time of the silver-tongued orator of the Ontario bar. Partly as a result of this case he ob- tained a very large practice, and travelled from assize to assize, putting in an immense amount of work, though nearly all the time enduring great personal agony, as the re- sult of an accident suffered some years be- fore. This accident occurred while he and another gentleman were shooting in the marsh near this city. One of the guns went off prematurely, shooting Mr. Cameron in the thigh. The wound took a bad tiirn, and the injured leg had to be amputated. The stump never healed properly, and during the remainder of his life he was almost continually in pain from this acci- dent. The physical suffering never pre- vented him from doing such a day's work that few men in the country would have performed in the same time. In his early days, when he was a practising barrister, he would work through one assize court, and then travel all night across country roads thirty or forty miles, take up the business at another court and after going through it travel to the next court, and so on. At the assizes, as a judge, he would go to the bench early in the morning, would sit there all afternoon, and would not adjourn till four or five in the morning if necessary to get through with a case. He has worn out three juries in a day. His legal acquire- ments and great talents caused him to be looked up to with profound respect by the bar, the memljers of which also entertained much personal affection for hitu. His sum- ming up of a case was a masterpiece of lucidity and force. The first public office held by the late Sir Matthew Cameron wiis on a commission with Colonel Coffin, ap- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 157 pointed in 1852, to inquire into the causes of accidents which had been of frequent oc- currence on the Great Western Railway. In 1859 he went into the City Council of Toronto, representing St. James ward, and thenceforward he figured prominently in public life. In 1861, and again a few years later, at the solicitation of many citizens, he contested the mayoralty unsuccessfiiUy. In 1861 he entered the arena of national poli- tics, and sat for North Ontario in the Cana- dian Assembly from the general election of that year until the general election in 1863, when he was defeated. But in July, 1864, he was re-elected for the same seat, which he continued to hold until confederation, when he was again unsuccessful. At the general Provincial elections in 1867 he was retiirned to the Ontario legislature for East Toronto, and re-elected in 1871 and 1875. He was a member of the Executive Council in On- tario in the Sandfield Macdonald adminis- tration from July 20, 1867, until the re.sig- nation of the ministry, December 19, 1871, and, with the exception of the last five months of this period, when he was commis- sioner of Crown Lands, he held the offices of Provincial Secretary and Registrar. He was also leader, and a very able one. too, of the opposition, from the general elections in December, 1871, until apj^ointed to the judgeship in the Queen's 1 ench, in Novem- ber, 1878, which position he held unt'l he rose to the chief justiceship of the Common Pleas in 1884. He aided in forming the Liberal- Conservative Association of Toron- to, became its first president, and held that office until his elevation to the bench. He was also vice-president of the Liberal-Con- servative convention which was assembled in Toronto in 1874. He was a member of the Caledonian and St. Andrew's societies. He was created a Knight Bachelor on April 5th last, at the same time Chief Justice Stuart, of Quebec, received a similar honour. As a lawyer Sir Matthew had few equals either among his predecessors or his con- temporaries; and as a citizen he was gener- ous almost to excess. As a minister of the Crown, and as leader of the opposition, he was a prodigious worker, an able tactician, and a most formidable, though always cour- teous, enemy. As a judge he had the con- fidence and respect of the bar to the utmost extent, while his immense knowledge of law and the clearness of his decisions made him a most valuable public servant. Chief Jus- tice Cameron belonged to the Episcopal denomination, and for about thirty years was a member of Trinity Church, Toronto. In politics he was a Liberal- Conservative. On December 1st, 1851, he was married in Toronto to Charlotte Ross, daughter of William Wedd, who immediately prior to his death resided in Hamilton, Ontario. Mrs. Cameron died January 14th, 1868. She was a sister of William Wedd, first classical mas- ter at Upper Canada College, and also of the late Mrs. Dr. McMichael, Mrs. Dr. Strathy, Toronto, and Mrs. Scadding, of Orillia. Sir Matthew left three sons and three daugh- ters. His sons are. Dr. Irving H. Cameron, Ross Mc Alpine Cameron, and Vouglas W. Cameron. His daughters are Mrs. Darling, the widow of the late son of the Rev. W. S. Darling, Mrs. A. Wright, and a young xmmarried daughter. Talbot, Hon. Tlionias, was bornat Malaliide, on tlie 17th July, 1771. His father was Richard Talbot, of Malahide, and his mother, Margaret, Baroness Talbot. The Talbots of Malahide trace their descent from the same stock as the Talbots who have been earls of Shrewsbury, in the jjeer- age of Great Britain, since the middle of the fifteenth century. The sixbject of our sketch spent some yeare at the Public Free School of Manchester, and received a com- mission in the army in the year 1782, when he was only eleven years of age In 1787, when only sixteen, we find him installed as aide-de-camp to his relative, the Marquis of Buckingham, who was then lord lieuten- ant of Ireland. His brother aide was the Arthur AVellesley, who afterwards became the illustrious Duke of Wellington. The two boys were necessarily thrown much to- gether, and each of them formed a warm attachment for the other. Their future paths in life lay far apart, but they never ceased to correspond, and to recall the happy time they had spent together. In 1790 he joined the 24th regiment, which was then stationed at Quebec, in the capacity of lieu- tenant. Upon the arrival of Lieutenant- Governor Simcoe at Quebec, at the end of May, 1792, Lieutenant Talbot, who had nearly completed his twenty-first year, be- came attached to the governor's suite in the capacity of private secretary. Governor Simcoe, writing in 1803, says, " he not only conducted many details and important duties incidental to the original establish- ment of a colony, in matters of internal 158 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF regulation, to my entire satisfaction, but was employed in the most confidential measures necessary to preserve the country in peace, without violating, on the one hand, the relations of amity Avith the United States, and on the other, alienating the affec- tions of the Indian nations, at that period in open war with them. In this very criti- cal situation, I principally made use of Mr. Talbot for the most confidential intercourse with the several Indian tribes, and occasion- ally with his Majesty's minister at Philadel- phia, and these duties, without any salary or emolument, he executed to my perfect satisfaction." It seems to have been dur- ing his tenure of office as secretary that the idea of embracing a pioneer's life in Can- ada first took possession of young Talbot's mind. On the 4th of February, 1793, an expedition which was destined to have an important bearing upon the future life of Lieutenant Talbot, as well as upon the fu- ture history of the proA'ince, set out from Newark, now Niagara village, to explore the pathless wilds of Upper Canada. It con- sisted of Governor Simeoe himself and sev- eral of his officers, and the subject of our present sketch. The expedition occupied five weeks, and extended as far as Detroit. The route was through Mohawk village, on the Grand River, where the party were en- tertained by Joseph Brant; then westAvard to where Woodstock now stands ; and so on by a somewhat devious course to Detroit. On the return journey the party camped on the present site of London, which GoA'ernor Simeoe then pronounced to be an admirable position for the future capital of the pro- vince. One important result of this long and toilsome journey was the construction of Dundas street, or as it is frequently called, "the governor's road." Lieutenant Talbot was delighted with the -ttild and primitive aspect of the country through which they passed, and expressed a strong desire to explore the land farther to the south, bor- dering on lake Erie. His desire was grati- fied in the course of the folloAA-ing autumn, when Governor Simeoe indulged himself, and seA'eral members of his suite, vrith. an- other western excursion. During this jour- ney the party encamped on the present site of Port Talbot, which the young lieutenant declared to be the loveliest situation for a dwelling he had ever seen. " Here."' said he, " will I roost, and will soon make the forest tremble under the wincfs of the flock I will invite, by my warblings, around me." Whether he was serious in this declaration at the time may be doubted; but, as will presently be seen, he ultimately kept his word. In 1793 young Talbot received his majority. In 1796 he became lieutenant- colonel of the fifth regiment of foot. He returned to Europe and joined his regiment, which was dispatched on active service to the continent. He himself was busily em- ployed during this period, and was for some time in command of two battalions. Ujjon the conclusion of the j^eace of Amiens, on the 27th March. 1802, he sold his commis- sion, retired from the ser\-ice, and prepared to carry out the intention expressed by him to Governor Simeoe nine years before, of pitching his tent in the wilds of Canada. Why he adopted this course it is impossible to do more than conjecture. He never mar- ried, but remained a bachelor to the end of his days. The work of settlement cannot be said to have commenced in earnest until 1809. It was no light thing in those days for a man with a family dejiendent upon him to bury himself in the remote Avilderness of Western Canada. There was no flouring mill, for instance, within sixty miles of his abode, which was knoAvn as Castle Malahide. During the American invasion of 181213- 14, Colonel Tall)ot commanded the mili- tia of the district, and was present at the battles of Lundy's Lane and Fort Erie. Marauding parties sometimes found their way to Castle Malahide during this troubled period, and what few people there were in the settlement suffered a good deal of an- noyance. Within a day or two after the battle of the Thames, where the brave Te- cumseh met his doom, a party of these ma- rauders, consisting of Indians and scouts from the American army, presented them- selves at Fort Talbot, and summoned the garrison to surrender. The place was not fortified, and the garrison consisted merely of a few farmers, who had enrolled them- selves in the militia under the temporary command of a Captain Patterson. A suc- cessful defence was out of the question, and Colonel Talbot, who would probably have been deemed an important capture, quietly walked out of the back door as the invaders entered at the front. Some of the Indians saw the colonel, who was dressed in homely, everyday garl), walking off through the woods, and were about to fire on him, Avhen they were restrained by Captain CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 159 Patterson, who begged them not to hurt the poor old fellow, who, he said, was the per- son who tended the sheep. The marauders rifled the place, and carried off everything they could lay hands on, including some valuable horses and cattle. Colonel Talbot's gold, consisting of about two quart pots full, and some valuable plate, concealed under the front wing of the house, escaped notice. The invaders set fire to the grist- mill that the colonel had btiilt in the town- ship of Dunwick, which was totally con- sumed, and this was a serious loss to the settlement generally. Mrs. Jameson, who travelled in Upper Canada in 1837-38, has left us the follomng description of her visit to Port Talbot. Speaking of the colonel, she says, " this remarkable man is now about sixty -five, perhaps more, but he does not look so much. In spite of his rustic dress, his good-humoured, jovial, weather-beaten face, and the primitive simjjlicity, not to say rudeness, of his dwelling, he has in his features, air, deportment, that soviething which stamps him gentleman. And that something, which thirty-four years of soli- tude has not effaced, he derives, I suppose, from blood and birth, things of more con- sequence, when philosophically and philan- thropically considered, than Ave are apt to allow. I had always heard and read of him as the ' eccentric ' Colonel Talbot. Of his eccentricity I heard much more than of his benevolence, his iuAancible courage, his en- thusiasm, his perseverance; but, perhaps, according to the worldly nomenclature, these quahties come under the general head of ' eccentricity ' when devotion to a favourite object cannot possibly be referred to self- interest. Of the life he led for the first sixteen years, and the difficulties and ob- stacles he encountered, he drew, in his dis- course with me, a strong, I might say a terrible, inctxire; and observe that it was not a life of wild, wandering freedom — the life of an Indian hunter, which is said to be so fascinating that ' no man who has ever fol- lowed it for any length of time, ever volun- tarily returns to civilized society ! ' Colonel Talbot's life has been one of persevering, heroic self-devotion to the completion of a magnificent plan, laid down in the first in- stance, and followed up with unflinching tenacity of purpose. For sixteen years he saw scarce a human being, except the few boors and blacks employed in clearing and logging his land; he himself assumed the blanket coat and axe, slept upon the bare earth, cooked three meals a day for twenty woodsmen, cleaned his ovm boots, washed his own linen, milked his own cows, churned the butter, and made and baked the bread. In this latter branch of household economy he became very expert, and still piques him- self on it. To all these heterogenous func- tions of solving and reaping, felling and planting, frying, boiling, washing and wringing, brewing and baking, he added another, even more extraordinary — for many years he solemnized all the marriages in his district. Besides natural obstacles, he met Avith others far more trying to his temper and patience. ' He had continual quarrels,' says Dr. Dunlop, ' with the suc- cessive governors, who were jealous of the independent power he exercised in his own territory, and every means were used to annoy him here, and misrepresent his pro- ceedings at home: but he stood firm, and by an occasional visit to the colonial office in England, he opened the eyes of ministers to the proceedings of both parties, and for a Avhile averted the danger. At length, some five years ago, finding the enemy was getting too strong for him, he repaired once more to England, and returned in triumph with an order from the colonial office, that nobody was in any way to interfere with his proceedings ; and he has now the pleasure of contemplating some hundreds of miles of the best roads in the province, closely settled on each side by the most prosperous fami- lies within its bounds, who owe all they possess to his judgment, enthusiasm, and perseverance, and who are grateful to him in proportion to the benefits he has bestoAved upon them, though in many instances sorely against their Avill at the time.' The original grant must have been much extended ; for the. territory now under Colonel Talbot's management, and bearing the general name of the Talbot country, contains, according to the list I have in his own hand- writing, twenty-eight toAvnships, and about 650,000 acres of land, of which 98,700 are cleared and cultivated. The inhabitants, including the population of the towns, amounted to about 50,000. ' You see,' said he, gaily, ' I may boast, like the Irishman in the farce, of haAang peo23led a whole country A\ath my OAvn hands.' He has built his toAver, like the eagle his eyry, on a bold cliff oA'er- hanging the lake. It is a long wooden building, chiefly of rough logs, AA'ith a cov- 160 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF ered porch running along the south side. Here I found suspended, among sundry implements of husbandry, one of those ferocious animals of the feline kind, called here the cat-a-mountain, and by some the American tiger, or panther, which it more resembles. This one, which had been killed in its attack on the fold or poultry-yard, was at least four feet in length, and glared at me from the rafters above ghastly and horrible. The farm consists of six hundred acres. He has sixteen acres of orchard- ground, and has a garden of more than two acres, very neatly laid out and enclosed, and in which he evidently took exceeding pride and pleasure. He described the ap- pearance of the spot when he first came here as contrasted with its present appear- ance. I told him of the surmises of the people relative to his early life and his mo- tives for emigrating, at which he laughed. ' Charlevoix,' said he, ' was, I believe, the true cause of my coming to this place. You know he calls this the " Paradise of the Hu- rons." Now I was resolved to get to para- dise by hook or by crook, and so I came here.' He added more seriously, ' I have accomplished what I resolved to do — it is done; but I would not, if any one was to ofPer me the universe, go through again the horrors I have undergone in forming this settlement. But do not imagine I repent it ; I like my retirement.' " He lived long enough to see the prosperity of his settle- ment fully assured. For many years prior to his death it appears to have been his cherished desire to bequeath his large es- tate to one of the male descendants of the Talbot family, and with this view he in^vited one of his sister's sons, Julius Airey, to come over from England and reside with him at Port Talbot, which he did, but rusticat- ing without companions or equals in either birth or education did not suit him. so he returned to England. Some years later a younger brother of Julius', Colonel Airey, military secretary at the Horse Guards, came out with his family to reside at Port Talbot. The uncle and nephew could not get on together, so the uncle determined to leave Canada, and to end his days in the old world. He transferred the Port Talbot estate, valued at £10.000, together with 13,000 acres of land in the adjoining township of Aldbor- ough. to Colonel Airey. Acting on his deter- mination to leave Canada, he started, in his eightieth year, for Europe. He was accom- panied on the voyage by George McBeth. Colonel Talbot remained in London some- what more than a year, but finding London life somewhat distasteful to him, he once more bade adieu to society, and repaired to Canada, where he died on the 6th, and was buried on the 9th of February, 18.53, leav- ing his estate, valued at £50,000, to George McBeth, and an annuity of £20 to Jeffrey Hunter's widow. He was interred in the churchyard at Tyrconnel. A plate on the oaken coffin bore the simple inscription : THOMAS TALBOT, FOUNDER OF THK TALBOT SETTLEMENT, Died Qth February, 1853. We take leave of our worthy hero, in the words of an English song-writer : — " God speed the stalwart pioneer ! Give strength to thy strong right hand ! And aid thee in thy brave intent T() clear and till the land. 'Tis n\en like thee that make us proud Of the stubborn Saxon race : And while old England bears such fruit We'll pluck up heart of grace." Barrett, M., B.A., M.D.— The late Dr. Barrett, whe died on the 26th February, 1887, at Toronto, was the son of an Enghsh barrister, and was born in London. Eng- land, on 16th May, 1816. He was educated at Caen, Normandy, France. Coming to Canada in 1833 he engaged in the fishery business in the Georgian Bay, where he owned a fishing station and a vessel. In the sjiring of 1837 he accepted a position in a school at Newmarket. On the breaking out of the rebellion he joined the Queen's Rangers, in which he filled the post of quartermaster of the regiment. Shortly after this he was married to Ellen McCal- lum, a sister of C. McCallum. of London. When the Queen's Rangers disbanded he went to the Southern States, where he re- mained for three years. Returning to To- ronto he was offered and accepted the posi- tion of second English master in the Upper Canada College, and was afterwards pro- moted to the position of first English mas- ter in the same institution. While j^ursuing his important duties in connection with the college. Dr. Barrett took a double course in the University of Toronto, and succeed- ing in obtaining the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Medicine. He was after this added to the professoriate of Rolph's Medical School, which was subse- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 161 qiiently merged into the Toronto School of Medicine. After being connected with the college for over thirty years, he was pen- sioned by the government. Up to the time of his death he was a lecturer in the To- ronto School of Medicine, the Veterinary College, and the AVomen's Medical School. His name is prominently connected with the latter school as one of the principal pro- moters of its institution and most ardent and active Avorkers for its success. Dr. Bar- rett was a man of exceptional intellectual attainments and occupied an eminent and enviable jjosition in his profession. He was liighly esteemed by the members of the medical profession, and loved and res})ected by many friends. IVettietou, .F<»liii, Mayor of Colling- wood, Simcoe county. Ontario, was born at Lofthcmse, Yorkshire. England, on the 12th of November. 1882. his father. William Nettleton, and grandfather before him. car- rying on the business of merchant tailors in that village. After learning the business with his father. Mr. Nettleton. jr.. worked at the trade in the following ])laces, viz : Leeds. London. Manchester and Liverpool, and at the latter place he was married to Elizabeth Boardman Womersley. on the 9th May. 1853, in St. Peter's Church. On the 4th of April, 1857. he and his wife and one child emigrated to Canada, arriving in Toronto on the 23rd of the same month. After stay- ing there and at Markham village for a short time, he finally settled down in Col- lingwood. then a town only in its infancy. In 1859 he commenced ])usiness for himself, and has lived there continuously ever since. In 1867 he was elected by acclamation as town councillor for the Centre ward, and for sixteen years he has held the position of either councillor or deputy reeve. He was elected to the mayoralty in 1886. and re- elected in 1887. He has l:>een connected with and has taken an active part in almost everything that has l)een advanced for the improvement of the town since the time he took up his abode in it. In Feliruary, 1862, he was initiated into Free Masonry, in Manitou lodge. No. 90, CI. K. C, and after having passed through all the subordinate offices, he was elected Master in 1867, which position he held for two years. After being out for a short time, he su])sequently was re-elected, and held the office for three years more. In 1870 he was appointed by the Grand Lods'e of Canada a 2;rand stew- ard: in 1873 he was elected grand registrar and in 1879 district deputy grand master for the Georgian district, which position he held for two years. He was also the means of instituting Caledonia lodge. No. 249, Angus, and Granite lodge. No. 352. Parry Sound. In both instances he was elected their first master, and now holds the position of honcjr- I ary member in each lodge. He was also presented l)y these lodges with a full .set of ' Grand Lodge regalia, in recognition of hife services. In Royal Arch masonry he has taken the same interest as in the Blue lodge. i having been elected first princi])al Z in I Manitou chapter. No. 27. which office h6 j has held for several years. He is also past I eminent commander of Hurontario Encamp' I ment of Knights Templars, and was elected I honorary member of Mount Calvary Pre' i ceptory. No. 12, G. R. C. Barrie. He has i also taken an active part in other benevolent j societies as well as Masonic, and was mainly instrumental in organizing the Ancient Or- der of United Workmen, the Select Knight&^ and also the Sons of England Benevolent Society, in all of which he was their first master. Mr. Nettleton has also taken an active part in every political movement that has taken place in the county during hit) residence in CoUingwood, and has always worked for and voted with the Lil^eral-Con- servative ^^'U'ty- He is a member of the Church of Enghmd and has held the posi- tion of church warden in All Saints' Church- His family consists of eight children, six ])oys and two girls, the former all being grown up and established in ])usiness. Fowler, Rev. ltol»ert.— Rev. Mr. Fowler was born in Chester. England, in 1823. and died in London, Ontario, on the 4th March, 1887. He first acfpiired the training of an apothecary and then studiec^ medicine, graduating with the degree of M.R.C.S. Subsequently he l)ecame a Methodist minister, and l^egan to j^reach in 1853, filling many posts in' the Toronto Conference. Afterwards he was ap]X)inted to the IngersoU circuit in the Loudtjn C(jn^ ference, thence going to Clinton. Listowel. and lastly to London West. Three year? before his death he was sTq>eranniuite(l ok account of ill-health, and toal fraternity. On the bench he has met the expectations of his many admirers, and his judicial opinions have been received by the Supreme Court and the Privy Council with marked consideration. He has been iden- tified with Montreal since his boyhood days, and has seen the great progress that city has made since he first entered it at his mother's side, hi 1837-8, as we have seen, he helped to quell the rebellion, and in 1849 he was present at the burning of the parliament houses, incident on the pas.«ing of the Rebellion Losses Bill, and assisted the late Sir Louis H. Lafontaine and some others of the notable politicians of that day in making their escape from the burning building, escorting them unmolested through the turbulent crowd of rioters, among whom he exercised a certain amount of influence. Judge Cross seems always to have had an aversion to public life, and even in his younger days when he was offered political positions of honour, he always declined them. In 1863 he was offered by the Liberal government then in power the position of secretary to the commission for the codifi- cation of the laws of Cr-nada, and at a later date the office of attorney-general in the de Buucherville administration, but he re- fused to accept either of these important offices. He has, nevertheless, suggested and assisted in framing legislative measures of general utility, among which may be men- tioned the first statute passed in Canada for the abolition of the LTsury laws. He is also the inventor of a new and ingenious method of rotation of numbers. In politics the judge leans to the Liberal side, and his ideas, as well on the subject of finance as on the theory of the popular principle in the election of representatives, are noted for their originality and depth of thought. In religion he is a member of St. Andrew's (Presbyterian) Church, and has been an office bearer in that church. He is a man of good impulses, and is very generous to the poor. In 1848 he married Julia, daugh- ter of the late William Lunn, in his day a prominent citizen of 3Iontreal, and they have five sons and one daughter living, and have buried three children, the last, an ex- ceedingly promising youth, in his sixteenth year. ■Sailiargc, Chevalier CliH*i. P. F., M.S., Quebec. The subject < f this sketch, who is a Chevalier of the Order of St. Sau- veur de Monte Reale, Italy, was b' ru in September, 1827, and for the past forty years has been practising his profefsion as an engineer, architect and surveyor, in the city of Quebec. Since 1850 he has been a member of the Board of Examiners of Land Surveyors for the province, and sir ce 1875 its chairman ; he is an honorary member of the Society for the (ieneralizatinn of Educa- tion in France ; and has been the recipient of thirteen medals of honour and of seven- teen diplomas, etc., from learned societies and public bodies in France. Belgitim, Italy, Russia, Japan, etc. Mr. Baillarge's father, wlio died in l8 Ottawa, to act as joint architect of the Parliament and Departmental l)uildings then in course of erection. Interests of considerable magni- tude were then a', stake between the gov- ernment and the contractors, claims amount- ing to nearly half a million of money having to be adjusted. In connection with his em- ployment by the government, Mr. Baillarge found that to continue his services he must be a party to some sacrifice (^f principle, which, rather than consent to, he was in- discreet enough to tell the authorities of the time. This excess of virtue was too moral for the appointing power and more than it was disposed to brook in an employe of the government. The difficulty was, therefore, got over by giving Mr. Baillarge his feuille de route, a compliment to his integrity of which he has ever since been justly proud. He shortly afterwards returned to Quebec. Daring his professional career, Mr. Bail- large' designed and erected numerous pri- vate residences in and around Quebec, as well as many public buildings, including the Asylum and the Church of the Sisters of Charity, the Laval University building, the new Gaol, Music Hall, several churches, both in the city and in the adjoining parishes — that of Ste. Marie, Beauce, being much admired on account of the beauty and reg- ularity of its interior. The " Monument des Braves de 1700" was erected in I860, on the Ste. Foye road, after a design by him and under his superintendence. The gov- ernment, the clergy and others have often availed themselves of his services in arbitra- tion on knotty questions of technology, dis- puted boundaries, builders' claims, surveys and reports on various subjects. In 1872, Mr. Baillarge suggested, and in liS78 de- signed and carried 'Uit what is now known as the Dufi'erin Terrace, Quebec, a structure some 1,500 feet in length, overlooking the St. Lawrence from a height of 182 feet, and built along the face of the flitf under the Citadel. This terrace was inauirurated in 1878 by their Excellencies the Marquis of Lome and H.R.H. the Princess Louise, whc pronounced it a splendid achievement. Ir. 1873 Mr. Baillargt- designed and built the pqueduct bridge over the St. Charles river, the peculiarity abovtt which is that the structure forms an arch as does the aque- duct pipe it encloses, whereby, in case of the destruction of the surrounding wood- work by tire, the pipe being self-supporting, the city may not be deprived of water while re-constructing the frost-protecting tunnel enclosure. At the age of seventeen the sub- ject of our sketch built a double cylindered steam carriage for traflic on ordinary roads. From 1848 to 1865 he delivered a series of lectures, in the old Parliament buildings and elsewhere, on astronomy, light, steam and the steam engine, pneumatics, acous- tics, geometry, the atmosphere, and other kindred subjects, under the patronage of the Canadian and other institutes ; and in 1872, in the rooms of the Literary and His- torical Society, Quebec, under the auspices of that institution, he delivered an exhaus- 168 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF tive lecture on geometry, mensuration, and the stereometricon (a mode of cubins^ all solids by one and the same rule, thus re- ducing the study and labour of a year to that of a day or an hour), which he had then but recently invented, and for which he was jnade honorary member of several learned societies, and received the numerous medals and diplomas already alluded to. The fol- lowing letter from the Ministry of Public Instruction, Russia, is worthy of insertion as explanatory of the advantages of the Stereometricon : PEPAKTMKNT OK PlBLIC InSTRCCTIOX, St. Peter.-burg, Feb. 14th, 1877. t'o M. BaillaR(;k, architect, Quebec, SiK, The Committee on Science of the De- partment of Public Instruction (of Russia) recog- iiizing the inuiuestionable usefulness of your "Tableau Stereometrique,"' for the teaching of gtometry in general, as well as its practical appli- cation to other sciences, is particularly jtleased to add its unrestricted approbation to the testimony of the snvuidsoi Europe and America, by inform- ing you that the above "' Tableau," with all its appliances, will be recommended in the primary ?,nd middle schools, in order to complete the cab- i^iets and mathematical cllections, and inscribed in the catalogues of works approved of by the Department of Public Instruction. Accept, sir, fche assurance of my high consideration. E. DE Bradkee, Chief of the Department of Public Instruction. And the Quebec Merrury of the 10th July, 1878, has the following in relation to a sec- ond letter from the same source : '"It will be remembered that in February, 1877, Mr. Baillargo received an official letter from the Minister of Public Instruction, of St. Pe- tersburg, Russia, informing him that his new system of mensuration had been adopt- ed in all the primary and medium schools of that vast empire. After a lapse of eight- een months, the system having been found to work well, Mr. Baillarge has received an additional testimonial from the same source, informing him that the system is to be ap- plied in all the polytechnic schools of the ilussian empire." Mr. Baillarge has since tliat time given occasional lectures in both languages on industrial art and design, and on other interesting' and instructive topics, and is now engaged en a dictionary or dic- tionaries of the conscjuances of both the French and English languages, in iSiJlj he wrote Ids treatise on geometrj- and tri.;ono- metry, plane and spherical, with mathemati- aal tables — a volume of some t>'J() pages oc- tavo, and has since edited several works and pamphlets on like subjects. In his work on geometry, which, by the way. is written in vhe French language, Mr. Baillarge has, by a process explained in the preface, reduced to fully half their number the two hundred and odd propositions of the first six books of Euclid, while deducing and retaining all the conclusions arrived at by the great geo- meter. Mr. Baillarge, moreover, shows the practical use and adaptation of problems and theorems which might otherwise appear to be of doubtful utility, as of the ratio be- tween the tangent, whole secant, and part of the secant without the circle, in the lay- ing out of railroad and other curves running through given points, and numerous other examples. His treatment of spherics and of the affections of the sides and angles is, in many respects, novel, and more easy of apprehension by the general student. In a note at foot of page o.30, Mr. Biillarge shows the fallacy of Thorpe's pretended so- lution of the trisection of an angle, at which the poor man had laboured for thirty-four years, and takes the then government to task for granting Mr. Thorpe a patent for the discovery. In February, 1874, he vis- ited Europe, and it was on the loth of March of that year that he received hii first laurels at the "Grand Conservatoire Na- tional des Arts et Metiers," Paris. Some of Mr. Baillargo's annual reports on civic affairs are very interesting and instructive ; I thtt of 1878, on "The Municipal Situa- '. tion,'' is particularly worthy of perusal. \ His report of 1872 was more especially sought after by almost every city engineer 1 in Canada and the United States, on ac- ! count of the varied information it conveyed. It may also be remembered, as illustrative of the versatility of his talent and of his hu- • mouristic turn of mind, that a comedy, " Le Diable Devenu Cuisinier," written by him in the French language, was, in 1873, i played in the Music Hall, Quebec, and j again in the Salle Jacques Cartier, Quebec, j by the Maugard Company, then in the city, i to the great merriment of all present. Nor will the members of " Le Club des 21," I composed as it is of the litej-atl, scientists and artists of Quebec, under the presidency of the Count of Premio Real, consul-gen- eral of Spain for C aiada, soon forget how, in March, 187'•^ 3Ir. Baillarge, in a paper read at one of the sittings of the club, around a well-spread bo-ird, successively portrayed and hit otf the peculiarities of each and every member of the club, and of the count himself, while at thesatue time doing full justice to the abilities of all. Mr. Baillarge is a close and industrious worker, devoting fourteen hours out of the twenty-four to his professional calling, and CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 169 again robbing the night for the time to pursue his literary and scientific pursuits. In politics, if he may be said to have any, he id inclined to liberalism, but he is of too independent a character to be tied to a party, preferring to treat each question on its merits, irrespective of its promoters. The subject of this sketch is brother to G. F. Baillarge, deputy minister of Public Works of the Dominion, and grand nephew to Francois Baillarge, an eminent painter and sculptor " de I'Academie Royale de Peinture et Sculpture, France," who carved some of the statues in the Bisilica, and whose studio in St. Louis street, Quebec (the quaint old one-story building, now Campbell's livery stable), was at that time so often visited by Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, father of Queen Victoria, during his sojourn in Quebec. A portrait of Mr. Baillargi', accompanied by a brief biograph- ical notice, appeared in " L'Opinion Pub- lique," of the 25th April, 1878. The " Ri- vista Universale," of Italy, also published his portrait and a biographical sketch of Mr. Baillarge 's career in February of 1878. Since 1879 Mr. Baillarge has been the re- cipient of the following additional testi- monials : KovAi, Caxauiax Academy op Ahts, Grenville St., Torouto, Jan. 7th, LSSO. Dear Sir, I am commanded by His Exeellen- ■cy the Governor-General (Mar(|uis of Lorne), to inform you that he has been pleased to nominate you as an associate of the Xew Canadian Acad- f my. (Sit,'ned), L. X. O'EnrKX, President. Eovai. Society ok Canada, Montreal, March 7th, 1^82. Sir, — I have the honour to intimate to you by refiuest of the (iovernor-General (Marquis of Lome), that His Excellency hopes you will allow yourself to be named by liim as one of the twenty original members of the Mathematical, Physical, and Chemical Section of the Xew Literary and Scientific Society of Canada, the first meetintf of Avhieh will be held at Ottawa on the 25th of May. tShonld you accept be good enough to state what work you wish associated with your name. 1 Jiave the honour to be, .sir, your most obedient, T. Stkrry Hi;nt, President of the Mathematical, Physical, and Chemical Section. ('. Baillarge, Es(i. In July, 1882, Mr. Bullarge was unani- mously elected president of the newly in- corporated body of Land Surveyors and Engineers of the province of Quebec, which position he continued to fill till 188"). Government House, Quebec, 18th June, 1877. Sir, -As President of the Canadian Commis- sion at Philadelphia, I have had occasion to show your " Tableau Stereometrique " to the rei^resen- tatives of Great Britain, Erance, Germany, Rus- sia, Spain, and Portugal, and, with a single ex- ception, it wa.s known and highly appreciated by all of them. Monsieur l^iavoine, engineer of roads and bridges, with whom I became acquaint- ed in Philadelphia, where he was in charge of the exposition of models of the Public Works of Erance, spoke to me about it then, and also dur- ing a visit he paid me in Ottawa last fall, in the most fiattering manner for you and for Canadians generally. I am hap])y, sir, to hear of such a testimony which does you credit, and also to know that your works, which have been crowned so often, both in your own and foreign countries, have just been duly appreciated at the Universal Ivxposition of 187G at Philadelphia. I remain, sir, your obedient servant, li. Letellier, Lieut. -Governor of the Province of (Quebec. M. C. Baillarge, C.E., Quebec. Government House. Quebec, June 18th, 1887. My dear Sir, — If you could possibly call at my (jfiice, 1 would have the i)leasure to know if you would consent to join the Society of Canadian Authors, whom I should be i)leased to see now and then at Spencer Wood. Yours truly, L. Letelliek. M. C. ]5aillarge, Quel)ec. Oilpiii, Rev. Edwin, D.D., Senior Canon of St. Luke's Cathedral a>'d Arch- deacon of Nova Scotia, Halifax. This learn- ed divine was born in Aylesford, Nova Scotia, on the 10th of June, 1821. His parents were Edwin and Eliza Gilpin. On his father's side he is descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors, among others Richard De Guylpyn, to whom in 120() the Baron of Kendal gave the manor of Kent- more, in Westmorelaou, Ent.'land. There fourteen generations of the family lived, and there was born, in 1517, Bernard Gilpin, well known as the " Apostle of the North." The manor was lost in consequence of the loyalty of the family to King Charles the First. The Rev. Edwin Gilpin, the sub- ject of our sketch, was educated at King's College, Windsor, N.S.,and in 1847 received the degree of B.A., in 1850 the degree of M.A., in 185;j that of B.D., and in 18(i3 die degree of D. D. was conferred upon him. In 1848 he received the appointment of master of the Halifax Grammar School ; then he was made master of the Halifax High School, and then followed his promotion to the principalship of the Halifax Academy. In 18G4 he was inducted as canon of St. Luke's Cathedral (Episcopal) ; and in 1874 he was 170 .1 CYCLOPAEDIA OF made archdeacon. He has taken an active interest in education, and done a cjood deal to place the public schools of his native pro- vince on a satisfactory footing. Rev. Mr. Gilpin is a firm adherent of the Church of England, and belongs to the so-called High Church party. He is married to Amelia, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Halibur- ton, of Windsor, 2s. S., who is well known as an author under the iiom de-plume of " Sam Slick." Rev. Mr. Gilpin's eldest son is a gentleman of considerable literary ability, and lias prepared for and read before the North British Society of Engineers and the Royal Society of Can&dn, papers on the mining industries of the Dominion. Laiiibly, Willisiin liar wood, Regis- trar of the County of Megantic, Inverness, Province of Quebec, was born on the 1st De- cember, 1839, at Halifax, Megantic county, Quebec, and has resided in the same county ever since. His parents were John Robert Lambly and Anne Mackie. Mr. Larably, senr. , was for nearly twenty years registrar of deeds for the county of Megantic, and his father, the grandfather of the subject of our sketch, was for more than a cjuarter of a century harbour master of the port of Que- bec, and in his day published a complete guide, with descriptive charts, of the river St. Lawrence, from Quebec to the Gulf. The family removed, when William was a child, to Leeds, in which place he lived until 1801, when the dief-Ueu of the county was established at Inverness, whither he re- moved. He commenced his education in the village school, then attended the semin- ary at Newport, Vermont, and afterwards took a special course at Victoria College, Cobourg, Ontaricj, including some branches of the higher mathematics, French, and the classics. In 18G2 he wa^ appointed regis- trar of the county of Megantic by the Hon. Charles Stanley, Viscount ^lonck, then gov- ernor-general of Canada, and has held the office ever since. He has been returning officer at every election in the county, local and federal, since that time, and although many of the elections have been contested, no complaint has ever been made of partial- ity or irrciiularity. He was appointed a justice of the peace in 1803, and has held the appointment ever since. Since that time he has tried over two hundred cases, many of them being for infractions of the license law, and no judgment of his has ever been set aside on certiorari or appeal. He is also a commissioner of the Superi,^ by a large majority, and was appointed mayor of the township at the first meeting of the council thereafter, and continued in the office of mayor during his term of office as councillor. In 18G8 he declined re-elec- tion, and was appointed secretary- treasurer of the council, and also of the school com- missioners of Inverness, and has held these offices ever since. Under the Dominion License Act of 1863, he was appointed first commissioner of the county of Megantic, and then president of the license board and by hi& vote and influence not a single license was issued in the county from the time he became president of the board until the law was de- clared ultra dres, and was abandoned. He is a member of the Association of Registrars of the Province of Quebec, and in ISoG was unanimously elected president of the associa- tion, and has been re elected unanimously in 1887. He joined the Sons of Temperance in 1855, and has held various offices in his division, and the Good Templars in 1809, and was rapidly promoted in his lodge. In 1878 he first attended the Grand Lodge of the Province of Quebec, and was unanim- ously elected grand worthy councillor. In the following year he was unanimously elect- ed grand worthy chief templar of the pro- vince, and held that office by unaniminis elections for seven consecutive years, de- clining the election for the eigth term. In 1879 he was elected representative to the Right Worthy Grand Lodge, and has since attended every session of that body. In the Right Worthy Grand Lodge he was appoint- ed ri^ht worthy grand marshal in 1881,, and again in 1882 ; right worthy grand messenger in 1883, and right worthy grand councillor, being the second highest position in the body, in 188i, and again in 188G, and which office he still holds, and he has this year (1887) been appointed deputy right worthy grand templar for the Province of Quebec. He was one of tlie representa- tives of the ll. W. (t. Lodge in Boston, in 188G, at the conference on union of all Good Templars in the world, and was one ' of the signers of the original basis of union. He has organised a number r)f Good Tem- plar hjd.,'e3 in the Provinces of Quebec and Nova Scotia, and has given many lectures and addresses on temperaiice and prohi- bition in various parts of the Dominion, and in New York, Philadelphia, Baltiniore, Washington, Bichmond, Va.: Charlestown, S.C., Chicago and other places. He is a vice-president of the Quebec branch of the I Dominion .Alliance for the t(jtal suppression CANADIAX BIOGRAPHY. 171 of the liquor traffic, and has successfully fought and stamped out every grog shop in Inverness, althou<^h there were nearly a score of them in the place when he came there to live in ] 861 . He is not a politician, and never takes part in any political discus- sions. He has travelled considerably in Canada, having visited the chief cities from Halifax, N.S. , to Sarnia, Ont., besides many of the great cities in the United States. He is a Methodist with broad Armenian views, but claims every man as a brother, no mat- ter what church he belongs to, if he loves the Lord Jesus Christ. It will be seen that Mr. Lambly is an enthusiastic temper- ance man. He totally abstains from all intoxicants and narcotics, and has never tasted any kind of spirituous liquors, wine, or cider. Consequently he is an out and out prohibitionist, will never consent to license, in any shape or form, for the sale of liquors. He has an undying hate to what he calls the thrice accursed traffic in strong drink, and deals it deadly blows on every opportune occasion. He hopes to see the bright and glorious day dawn on this fair Dominion when we shall have prohibition pure and simple from the Atlantic to the Pacific. On the 25th June, 18G3, he was married at Lachute, P. Q., to Isabella D. Brown, daughter of the Rev. W. D. Brown, a Methodist minister now in his 79tli year, yet actively engaged preaching the gosi)e]. The fruit of this marriage has been four sons and three daughters, one of whom died in infancy, and the two eldest sons are now- studying for the ministry of the Methodist church. Jarvis, Frederick ^Villiam, late Sheriff of the county of York, Ontario, was born at Oakville,on the 1 0th February, 1818. His grandfather was a devoted [;. E. loyal- ist, and after the American revolution, left the state of Connecticut for New Bruns- wick, from which province he afterwards moved with his family, then including as boys, the late Sheriff W. B. .larvis of Tor- onto, the late Judge Jarvis of Cornwall, and the late Frederick Starr Jarvis, father of the sheriff now deceased, to Toronto, in 1808. Frederick Starr Jarvis afterwards settled at Oakville, then a wilderness, with no road through the bush, and with few of the modern appliances for the ordinary pur- suits of forest life. Here William Frederick, j the eldest of a family of eight sons and four [ daughters, was born, and here he reujained on the paternal farm until 184!l, when he removed to Toronto to take charge of his uncle's business as deputy sheriff. Jn l8o(), i on the death of his uncle, he was appointed sheriflfof the counties of York and Peel, and when the sheriffdom was divided he was made sheriff of York, and this office he held until his death, in Toronto, on IGth of April ^ 1887. During the rebellion of 1837, Sherill' Jarvis served in the Queen's Rangers. Be- fore coming to Torcjnto he married a daugh- ter of Captain John Skynner, R. N., who, with three sons and one daughter, survive him. He was a much respected citizen, and as highly esteemed as he was well known. He filled the position of Sheriff' of York — the richest shrievalty at the disposal of the Ontario government — with dignity and abil- ity. He was a member of St. Peter's Epis- copal Church, Carlton street, in whcse wel- fare he always took a deep interest, as well as of the Industrial School at Mimico, and of a nttmber < f city charities. Ciiurcli, Hon. diaries Edward,. Commissioner of Public Works and Mines, of Nova Scotia, Halifax, was born on Tan- cook Island, Lunenburg county, Nova Scotia, on the 3rd of January, 1835. He is a son of Charles Lot Anthony Church, whose ancestors came to America with the Pilgrim Fathers in 1625. His great grandfather^ Charles Church, was a United Empire loy- alist, who left New England on the break- ing out of the rebellion, and settled at Shel- burne. Nova Scotia. His grandfather^ Charles Lot Church, who was only five years of age when he came to Nova Scotia with his parents, on growing up into man- hood, settled in Chester, Lunenburg county, Nova Scotia, and afterwards represented that county for ten years in the House of Assembly. This gentleman was one of the early Reformers of the province. His mo- ther, Sarah Hibz, is of German descent, her ancestors having emigrated from Germany to Lunenburg in 1753, and was amongst its first settlers. Their descendants are noted for their mechanical skill, especially in ship- building. Charles Edward Church, the sub- ject of this sketch, received a fair English education at the schools in Chester and Truro, and afterwards followed for about ten years the profession of teacher. He then went into mercantile pursuits at La Have River, and for several years was inter- ested in the fisheries. In 1871, Mr. Church was appc inted a justice of the peace. He was, in 1872, elected to represent Ltinen- burg in the Liberal interest, in the House of Commons, at. Ottawa; and again at the general election in 1874, he was returned by acclamation, and sat in the Domini(jn parlia- ment until 1878. In 1882, Mr. Church was- 172 .4 CYCLOPEDIA OF elected a member of the Nova Scotia legis- ture, and again in 188G. he was returned to the same position by a large majority. He was appointed provincial secretary in 1882, and held the office until 1884, when he was appointed Commissioner of Public AVorks and Mines, and this office he still holds. Mr. Church is a Liberal in politics, and for the past twenty years, has taken an active interest in both federal and provincial ■questions, and stands high as a progressive statesmau, He also takes an interest in all moral reforms, and was formerly a member of the order of Sons of Temperance and of the Good Templars, and held office in the -Grand Division of Sons of Temperance, of Nova Scotia, and also in the Grand Lodge of British Templars of the same province. Though not taking as warm an interest in the temperance movement as formerly, he is still a strict total abstainer. Mr. Church has travelled over a considerable portion of the Dominion of Canada, and through parts of the United States. He is a Protestant, holding broad and liberal views respecting religion as well as politics. On the 24th of June, 1884, he was married to Henrietta A. Pugsley, of Halifax. Her father, Henry Pngsley, was a native of England, and her mother a native of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Biillcr, Frank, M. D. , Professor of Ophthalmology and Otology in McGill Uni- versity, Montreal, was born near Cobourg, Ontario, on the 4th May, 1844. He is the fourth son of Charles G. BuUer, of Camp- bellford, Ontario, who was educated for the Church of England ministry, but, declining holy orders, came to Canada in 1831, and settled near the town of Cobourg, preferring agricultural life to any other means of earn- ing a livelihood. His mother, Frances Eliz- abeth Boucher, is the second daughter of the late R. P. Boucher, of Campbellford ; both his parents are still living, and have attained an advanced age. We may say that the Buller family h^s for centuries occupied a prominent position in the south of Eng- land, and it is a well-known fact that many of its members have distinguished them- selves by their energy and ability in the ser- vice of their ountry. Dr. Buller received the foundation of a liberal education under the paternal roof, and subsequently con- tinued his studies in the High School at Peterborough. Having chosen medicine as a profession, he entered the Victoria School of ^Medicine, of Toronto, and graduated from that institution in ]8f ', that year he succeeded, with the aid of his j friends, in redeeming tlie riding for the I Liberals. In politics he is strongly demo- ! cratic, and is destined to make his mark in I the political arena. He is an adherent of j the Methodist church. He was married on the 18th March, 1878. to Emma Hawkins, of Canton, Ontario ; but death claimed this es- timable lady on the 18th March, 1886. Williani:«, Rev. William, D.D, Pas- tor of the Divis.on Street Methodist Church Cobourg. The Rev. Mr. Williams is the eldest son of William and ^Margaret P. Wil- liams, and was born in Stonehouse, Devon, England, January 23rd, 1836. His mother was a daughter of Robert Pearse, of Camel- ford, Cornwall, England. In 1842 the sub- ject of this notice removed with his parents 176 A CYCLOPEDIA OF to Toronto. Daring the four years of his residence in that city he attended school, and the latter part of the time he was en- gaged in preparing to enter Upper Canada College. Before he had completed his pre- paratory studies he removed with his parents to Weston, and some time later to the town- ship of Holland, where his father settled upon a farm. Though removed from school at a comparatively early age, he steadily pursued a carefully prepared course of read- ing and study, and in his nineteenth year he entered the ministry of the Methodist Xew Connexion church. His record in that community was that of a successful minister of the gospel. Before the union he was during four years chairman of a district ; was one year president of the Methodist New Connexion Conference, and was acting president during the greater part of the following year, tilling the place left vacant by the lamented death of the president, the Rev. Samuel P. Gundy. The Rev. W. Wil- liams took an active part in promoting the union of the New Connexion and Wesleyan Methodist churches in this country, being on both committees ; and in 1874 he was sent by his conference, with the late Robert Wilkes, M.P. of Toronto, as a deputation to the New Connexion Conference of England to obtain the consent of that body to the contemplated union in Canada. In this he and his com- panion were completely successful. Not only was the requested consent given, but Mr. Wilkes and Mr. Williams were heartily thanked for the manner in which they had presented the matter before the conference. in 1875, after this union had been consum- mated, and while he was in chartre of the church in Simcoe. Rev. Mr. Williams was sent with W. H. Gibbs, of Oshawa, by the Central Board of Missions as a deputation to attend the missionary services in the lead- ing Methodist Churches in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. In 1870, in response to the special request of the Centenary Church, Hamilton, Kev. Mr. Williams was sent to that charge, then the largest and most intlnential in the Lon- don conference. He remained there for the full term of three years. A leading member of that church speaks of his minis- try in that place : — " His discourses showed him to be a man of culture, of extensive reading, of careful thought, and of sound judgment. The Centenary Church never, i believe, had a better expounder of the Word of God, or a more faithful preacher of the gospel. Conscientious in the discharge of his duty, whatsoever he seemed to feel should be said he spoke boldly whether it was likely to please or displease At the same time he evinced such qualities of heart, such sympathy, such desire to do his people good, as secured for him their affection, and made him very influential. As a man, Mr. Williams was liked by all who knew him. He was pleasant and unassuming, easy to approach, and was ready to lend a helping hand." In 1879 Rev. Mr. Williams bec-ime pastor of Norfolk Street Church, TJuelph. He remained there during the full term of three years, was acceptable and usefjil, and during his ministry there the membership of the church and congregation was largely increased ; the debt upon the building in which they worshipped reduced by several thousand dollars ; and the financial condi- tion of the church greatly improved in other respects. He was also chairman of the Guelph district during the three years of his. pastorate in that city. The following three years were spent by him in Woodstock, where he ministered to a very large congre- gation in one of the finest church edifices in the province. The first year of his pastorate in Woodstock was marked by his elevation to the presidency of the London Conference. This position he filled with acceptance and ability. He was chairman of the Woodstock district during the full term of his ministry in that rapidly rising town. At the request of the Cobourg (Division street) Church Rev. Mr. Williams was, in 188.5, transferred to the Bay of Quint e conference, and appointed to Cobourg. There he preaches to a large and intelligent congregation, comprising, in addition to the general hearers, the princi- pal, professors and students of A'ictoria University. Mr. Williams is also chairman of the Cobourg district. In May, 1887. the senate of Victoria University conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. Glackmeyer, diaries, City Clerk, Montreal, was born in Montreal on the 22nd June, 1820. He is of German extraction, and belongs to a family noted for its lon- gevity, his father, Frederick Glackmeyer, having died in 1875, aged eighty -four years. His mother was Sophie Roy Portelance. a French-Canadian lady, who died about 1854. His grandfather came to Canada as band- master with one of the British regiments, and settled in the city of Quebec, where he was a professor of and taught music for many years, and died at an advanced a<^e. Charles was educated at the ^Montreal Col- lege, taking a full course, and afterwards studied law with Peltier and Bourret. In CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 177 1843 he was admitted to the bar, and after practising his profession for three years, entered the service of the City Corporation as assistant city clerk. This position he held until 1859, when he was elected city clerk, and this office he still holds. Mr Glack- inayer is a model official, is rarely absent from his post, and one in whom the citizens I have the fullest confidence, and whom they ! delight to honor. Hd is a member of the j Roman Catholic church, and people who i know him best speak most highly of his | moral and religious character and the purity of the life he leads. On the 30th May. 1848, | he was married to M. R. Josephine Daver- nay, of Montreal, eldest daughter of Ludger ! Davernay, founder of the Minerce news- J paper, and of the St. Jean Baptiste Society of Montreal. The fruits of this marriage has i been ten children, only three of whom now survive. Oilpiii, Edwin, jr., Deputy Commis- sioner of Public Works and Mmes, and Chief Inspector of Mmes for the Province of Nova Scotia, Halifax, was born at Halifax, Xova Scotia, on the 28th of October, 1850. His father, the Rav. Edwin Gilpin, D.D., is the senior canon of St. Luke's Cathedral, and archdeacon of Nova Scotia (see sketch of Archdeacon Gilpin in another part of this volume), and his mother is Amelia McKay, daughter of the late Hon. Justice Halibur- ton. Edwin Gilpin received the rudiments of his education at the Halifax Grammar School, and then entered King's College, Windsor, where he graduated A.B., in 1871. He then took the arts course, with special courses in mining, geology, and chemistry, and received the degree of A.M., in 1873, and at the same time won the " Welsford," " General Williams," and ' ' Alumni " prizes. After leaving college he began the practical study of mining-engineering in Nova Sco- tia, and especially in the Albion collieries of the General Mining Association in Pictou county, and extended his observations in the leading mining districts in Great Britain. Oa the 1st of March, 1874, he was elected a fellow of the Geological Society of London, England ; and in April, 1873, a member of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural History. On the 21st of April, 1879, he was appointed by the government of Nova Scotia, inspector of mines for the province, which position he now occupies. In Sep- tember, 1881, he was appointed a member and made secretary of the Board of Exam- iners of Colliery Officials ; and in Septem- ber, 1885, was elected a member of the Ame- rican Institute of Mining Engineers. In Oc- K tober, 1886, he received the appointment of deputy commissioner of Public Works and Mines for the province. Mr. Gilpin is one of the original members of the Royal Society of Canada. For a number of years he has acted in the capacity of consulting engineer in the Maritime provinces, and has done good service to his county in this direction. He is the author of a popular work on the " Mines and Mineral Lands of Nova Scotia," pub- lished in Halifax in 1 883 ; and has also contributed valuable papers on the " Sub- marine Coal Fields of Cape Breton ;" " Nova Scotia Iron Ores;" "The Manganese of Nova Scotia ;" " The Carboniferuus and Gold Fields of Nova Scotia ;" " The Geology of Cape Breton ;" and various other papers on the geology and economic mineralogy of Nova Scotia, which have been published in the Transactions of the following s jcieties : The North of England Institute of Mining { E.igineers ; The Geological Society of Lon- I don ; The Nova Scotia Natural History ; Institute; The Royal Society of Canada; I and The American Institute of Mining j Engineers. He has also written several \ annual reports to the government of Nova Scotia, on the progress and development of 1 the Crown minerals of the province. Mr. j Gilpin takes no particular part in politics ; but in religious matters, he is a staunch ; adherent of the Church of Englana. He j was m vrried on June 29 ch, 1875, to Florence j Ellen, daughter of Lewis Johnstone, sur- geon, Albion Mines, Nova Scotia. Mrs. I Gilpin's father is a nephew of the late Equity Judge Johnstone, and provincial grand I master of the Masonic order. Three children have been born of this union. Begin, Rev. Eouis Xazairc, D.D., Principal of the Laval Normal School, Que- bec, member of the Academy of the Arcades of Rome, and of the Royal Society of Can- ada, was born at Levis, on the 10th January, 1840. His father, Charles Begin, farmer, died in August last, 1837, in his ninety-first year; his mother. Luce Paradis, died about eighteen months ago, in her eighty-second year. After attending the Levis Model School, then under the direction of M. N. Lacasse, at present a professor at the Laval Norinal School, Rev. Abbe' Begin followed, for one year, the mathematical course of the Commercial College of St. Michel (Belle- chasse). That course was ably given by Pro- fessor F. X. Toussaint. His parents sent him, in 1857, to the Little Seminary of Quebec, to follow the classical course of that institution. As he had already commenced to study Latin with M. Lacasse, he was en- 178 A CYCLOPEDIA OF abled to terminate his course in five years, in 1862. He then obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts at Laval University, and was the first to carry off the Prince of Wales prize. He resolved to adf>pt a reli- gions life, and entered the Grand Seminary of Quebec, in September, 18G2, where he studied theology, while teaching the class of syntax at the Little Seminary. The Seminary of Quebec was at that time think- ing seriously about organizing a faculty of theology in connection with Laval Univer- sity, and it was the earnest desire of the authorities that all the professors of that faculty should be educated in Rome itself. In May, 1863, his Eminence Cardinal Tas- chereau, then superior of the Seminary of Quebec, and rector of Laval University, proposed to Abl e' Begin to go and pass a few years in Rome, in order to study theology, take his degree, and then return to Quebec as professor of its university. This propo- sition was accepted, and on the 4th Septem- ber of the same year, AbVe' Begin left Que- bec to take his passage at Boston. He had as travelling companions Abl es Louis Paquet and Benjamin Paquet (now D.>mestic Pre- late to his Holiness Leo XIII.), who were also sent to Rome to study the sacred science. Abbe Begin was absent five years and returned to Quebec only in July, 1868. He followed the course of the Gregorian University of the Roman College, includ- ing dogmatic and moral theology, sacred scriptures, history of the church, canonic law, sacred oratory, and the Hebraic lan- guage. His profess' rs were the Rev. Fath- ers Ballerini, Cardella, Sanguinetti, Patrizi, Angellini, Armellini, Tarrow ^Vaddle. After leaving school he devoted himself to farm- ing, and from 1830 to IBoG he farmed * x- tensively on his freehold estate on North Street, Eleanor. In 1841 Mr. Green was appointed road commissioner and commis- sioner ef small debts, and in 1 "542 he was created a justice of the peace. In 1851 he was appointed high sheriffof Prince county. In 1857 he went into mercantile business, and continued in this line until ]8< G, when he was appointed collector of customs for the port of Summerside. From 1858 to 1868 he occupied the honoi^rable position of mayor of Summerside ; and in 1871 he was appointed postmaster, which position he still holds. He joined the ancient and hon- ourable order of Freemasons in 1858, and has been treasurer of his lodge. King Hiram, for nearly seven years. He was brought up and has always continued to be an Episco- palian in his religious views, and has fre- quently held the office of churchwarden, both in St. John's Church, Eleanor, and St. ^Mary's Church, Summerside. In March, 1850, he was married to Elizabeth C. Ellis, daughter of Robert Ellis, formerly of Bide- ford, Devon, Ei]gland. Fogo, Hon. Janifci, Pictou, Nova Scotia, Judge of Probate for the county of Pictou, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, on the 30th Jttne, 1811, His father, James Fogo, senior, came to Pictou in 1817, and died there in 18G8, aged eighty-one years. His mother was Elizabeth McClure. who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and died in Pictou, in 1870, aged eighty- nine years. Judge Fogo received his education at the Pictou Academy, under the tuition of that celebrated teacher and educator, the Rev. Thomas McCulloch,D. D., and wastheclass- mate of Governor Archibald, Sir William Ritchie, now chief justice of the Dominion of Canada, and other gentlemen who have attained celebrity in different walks of life. He studied law in the cffice of Jotham Blan- chard, then one of the most eminent practi- tioners at the bar in eastern Nova Scotia, and was admitted as an attorney of the Supreme Court in May, 1837, along with Charles Young, now the Hon. Dr. Young, LL.D., judge of the Surrogate Court for the province of Prince Edward Island, both of whom obtained optimes on their examinations. This, therefore, is the year of Judge Fogo's professional jubilee. In 1838, according to the practice then existing, he was admitted as a barrister of the Supreme Court. Judge Fogo obtained the judicial appointment which he now holds on the 30th December, 1850, and has ever since, with the exception of a short interregnum which took place on a chanL;e of government in 18G4, discharged the duties of his > ffice with marked ability and satisfacti(.n to the public. He is well read in the learning of his profession, and his jud<,ments have almost invariabl}' been sustained by the Supreme Court in cases of appeals from his decisions. In 1851 he was ( tiered the solicitor-generalship of an adjoin- ing colony, but an indisposition to sever his connection with Nova Sc(jtia induced him to CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY^ 185 decline the acceptance of the offer. In his early years, before accepting his judicial position, Judge Fogo was an active politician in the Liberal interests, and on several oc- casions was urged by his friends to accept a nomination as a candidate for the represent- ative branch of the legislature, but a regard to his personal interests prompted otherwise, as he preferred the active duties of his pro- fession to the turmoil and uncertainty of political life. He was at one time connected with the provincial militia, and on the 23rd July, 18G4, obtained the commission of ma- jor, having previously held the commission of first and second lieutenants in the service. He was created a Queen's counsel by the Local government in 1878, his commission giving him precedence as such in all courts of the province over all other Queen's coun- sels appointed after 23id October, 1833. He was also, on the 27th July, ]87'.), appointed a master in Chancery, now called a master in the Supreme Court. On the 11th Octo- ber, 1880, he obtained the appointment of Queen's counsel from the Dominion govern- ment, when sTich appointments were ruled ultra vires oi the Provincial government, and since the date of his commission he has been appointed by the presiding judge to conduct the criminal business at each and every sit- ting of the Supreme Court at Pictou. Judge Fogo was first married in December, 184G, to Jane, daughter of the late Rev. John McKinlay, A.M., of Prince Street Presby- terian Church, Pictou, who died in 1848, leaving one daughter, Charlotte Jane, who, on the 27th of April, 1870, was united in marriage to the Hon. John F. Stairs, then of DartuKmth, now of Halifax, and ex-M. P. of the House of Commons, and who, to the great grief of her family and friends, died of that dreadful malady, diphtheria, (m the 28th May, 1880, leaving five children, her son Walter, of the age of two and a half years, or thereabouts, having, two days previously, fallen a victim to the same disease. This dispensation of Providence naturally inflict- ed much mental suffering to the subject of our sketch, as his daughter was an only child, gifted with superior abilities, of a joy- ous and happy dispusiticai, and consequently a great favourite in the social circle wher- ever she moved, and thouyh the healing salve of time may cicatrize the wound occa- sioned by her early and unexpected death, the scar will still remain. The judge was married the second time to Elizabeth Ives, daughter of the late James Ives, of the city of Halifax, architect. The judge has the comforts of life in a liberal measure, and the mind and heart to enjoy them. He is said by his friends to be a pleasant and effective speaker. His mode of address is full of life and animation, and being gifted with a lux- uriant imagination and playful fancy, his public exhibitions aflbrd gratification to his auditors. He is a member of the Presbyte- rian church. Though advanced in life, his age rests lightly upon him, and none, to look at him and mark his quick and agile step, wiiuld dream that he is now in the seventy- sixth year of his age. He has a delightful residence at Belleville, opposite the railway station on the Pictou side of the harbour, and which is thus described in " Meacham's Illustrated and Historical Atlas of the County of Pictou " : — " The building repre- sented to our view is a classical villa, after the Tuscan manner, and was built by its proprietor in 1854. It is very beau- tifully situated, and aftbrds a most com- manding view of the surrounding coinitry. The scene which is presented to the spec- tator on a summer day, when shipping in the harbour is brisk, and vessels of all de- scriptions are plying to and fro tipon its waters, is one of an exceedingly pleasing and animated character, and presents a panorama which is rarely equalled, and ditfi- cult to surpass. The property is noted for the valuable free stone in which it abounds, and which is now commanding an extensive sale beyond the limits of the county, many thousands of tons having been disposed of to rebuild the bridges on the Intercolonial Railway, by a gentleman to whom the owner sold a few acres some years ago, leaving un- touched, however, extensive areas of supe- rior stone for building purposes, which brisker times would soon call into requisition. Fotlier^fiil, Rev. ITIattliew ]llouk- Iioiise, Ryctor of St. Peter's Church, Que- bec city, was born in Cefnrhychdir, Mon- mouthshire, Wales, Ennland, on the 11th November, 1834 His father was a loading agriculturist in South Wales, and frequently carried oft" valuable prizes at Lord Trede- gar's agricultural show for short horns, tho- rough-bred horses, and mountain sheep. Rev. M. Fothergill received his education at Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, King Ed- ward's Grammar School, E!y, and at St. Augustine's College, Canterbury, England. In 1857 he came to Canada, and made <,)ue- bec his home, and here he was ordained by the late Bishop Mountain. He was then appointed travelling missionary, and did good service for the cause of the Master in this capacity. For twt Ive years he was a rural dean, and was the first incumbent of 186 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the new mission of Danville. After having built St. Augustine's Church at Danville, he was called to Quebec city, and made rector of St. Peter's Church, which position he now occupies. Rev. M. Fothergill is an active man, and outside his ministerial duties he has found time to help in other directions. For fourteen years he has held the position of secretary to the Church Society, is chap- lain to the Marine and Emigrant Hospital, and Government inspector of public schools. L.oiig:lcy, Hon. James AVilbcr- force, M.P.P., M.E.C., Attorney- General of Xova Scotia, Halifax, was born on the 4th January, 1849, at Paradise, Annapolis county, jSova Scotia. His father, Israel Longley, who was of English descent, was grandson of James Longley, a United Em- pire loyalist, who settled in Annapolis county at the end of the American revolu- tionary war. This gentleman took an active part in all the political questions of his day, and was twice a candidate in Annapolis for parliamentary honours in the Liberal in- terest, but failed on both occasions to secure his election. His mother, Frances Manning, was the youngest daughter of the Rev James Manning, a pioneer Baptist minister, who came from the north of Ire- land, and settled in Annapolis county, and laboured there in the cause of his divine Master until his death. Attorney-General Longley was educated at Acadia College, where, in June, 1871, he received the de- gree of B.A., and in 1875 the degree of M.A. In 1871 he began the study of law in Halifax, finished his law studies at Osgoode Hall, Toronto. Ontario, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia 10th September, 1875. In 1875 he was appoint- ed a commissioner of the Supreme Court, and a notary public, and in 1878 he was chosen law clerk of the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. On the 20ch June, 1882, he was elected to represent Annapolis county in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, and in October of the same year he was made a commissioner for revising and consolidat- ing the statutes of the province. In July, 1884, Mr. Longley was sworn in as a mem- ber of the Executive Council, and on the 25th June, 1880, was appointed attorney- general for his native province. On the 15th June, 1886, he Hgdn contested An- napolis county for a seat in the legislature, and was re-elected, Attorney-General Long- ley is a member of the Alumni of Acadia College, and an ex- president ; has been an active member of all the liberal organiza- tions in the province for the past fifteen years, and is ex-president of the Young Men's Liberal Club of Halifax. He takes a great interest in literary matters, and since 1872 has been a regular contributor to the editorial columns of the Acadian Recorder, a regular daily Halifax paper, and also writes on political subjects in various maga- zines. In politics he is an ardent Liberal, and an uncompromising opponent of the government led by Sir John A. Macdonald. He believes in unrestricted trade relations with the United States as a substitute for the national policy ; is opposed to Imperial federation for the reason that the interests of Canada are more closely identified with this continent, and is in favour of the com- plete abolition of the Senate and all second chambers whatever. In religious matters, though brought up in the Baptist faith, he prefers to give his adhesion to the Episcopal church, with no very high denominational preference. He was married on the 3rd September, 1877, to Annie Brown, of Para- dise, and has issue four children, two boys and two girls. Iluniplirey, John Albert, M. P.P. for Westmoreland, New Brunswick, Mone- ton, was born at Southampton, Nova Sco- tia, in 1823, and is the second son of Wil- liam and Mary Trueman Humphrey. The father and mother of William Humphrey, the grandparents of the subject of this sketch, came from Yorkshire, England, in 1775, to Halifax, and purchased a farm at Falmouth, near Windsor, Nova Scotia, and remained there until 1797, when William Humphrey died. Thre« years afterwards his widow and live children removed to Sackville, New Brunswick, where William, her second survivintr son, married in 1821, Mary, daughter of William Trueman, who emigrated from Yorkshire. England, in 1775, and settled at Pointe du Bute. The young couple resided at Sackville after their mar- riage until 1822, when they removed to Southampton, Nova Scotia, and here John Albert first saw the light. Here, and sub- sequently at Amherst, and at the Mount Allison Weslej'an Academy, Sackville, he received his education. After leaving school he went into business, and from 1845 to 1849 conducted a general milling business for his father, when he purchased what is now known as the Humphrey's Mills, at Monc- ton, and removed there. In 1872 he was elected to represent Westmoreland county in the legislature of New Brunswick, and again in 1874 he was returned by the same constituency, but in 1878 he was defeated. He, however, again presented himself for CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 187 parliamentary honours in 1882, and was elected, and at the general election in 1886 he was honoured once more by being made a member of the Provincial parliament. Mr. Humphrey is now, and from the inception has been, a director in and one of the lar- gest stockholders of the Moncton Gas Light and Water Company, organized in 1878 ; is a director in and one of the largest stock- holders of the Monctcm Sugar Refining Com- pany, organized in 1880, and a director and large shareholder in the Moncton Cotton Manufacturing Company, organized in 1883. Mr Humphrey is also the chief owner of the Moncton woollen manufactory, at Hum- phrey's Mills, started in 1884. In religion, he is an adherent of the Methodist church, as nearly all his father's family have been for the past throe generations. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and a strong supporter of the school system, of the union of the provinces, and of the national policy. In 1855, Mr. Humphrey married Sarah Jane, eldest daughter of Michael S. Harris, ship- builder and merchant, of Moncton. €iariicau, lloii. Pierre, Quebec, Member of the Executive Council, and Commissioner of Crown Lands for the pro- vince of Quebec, was born at Cap Sante, Quebec province, on the 8th May, 1823. His ancestors came from France in 1G3G, and were a family held in high estimation. Hon. Mr. Garneau received his education in his native parish, and shortly after leav- ing school removed to Quebec city, where he entered into business, and after some years became a leading merchant and public spirited citizen. In 1870 he was elected mayor of the city, and perfi:)rmed the high and important duties of the ofhce so faith- fully that on the expiration of his two years' term he was unanimously re-elected forother two years. He was chief promoter, and became president, of the Quebec and Gulf Ports Steamship Company (now the Quebec Steamship Company) ; was president of the Quebec Street Railwav for fifteen years, when he resigned in 1878 ; was a govern- ment director of the ]Sorth Shore Railway for many years ; aud a member of the Canal Commission in 1870. He is a director nf the Quebec and Lake St. John Lumber and Trading Company ; of the De^ery Gold Mm- ing Company ; of La Banc^ue Nationale ; of the Quebec Fire Assurance Company ; vice- president of the Quebec and Levis Electric Light Co. ; and a member of the Quebec Board of Trade. In September, 1874, Hon. Mr. Garneau was apiiointed a member of the Executive Council, and became commis- sioner of Agriculture and Public Works for Quebec province ; and shortly afterwards held the portfolio of Crown Lands. In March, 1878, the de Bjucherville govern- ment, of which he was a member, having been defeated, he resigned with his collea- gues. He was first elected to the Quebec legislature on the 11th March, 1873, for the county of Quebec, on the resignation of the sitting member ; and was re-elected at the general election in 1875. He was an unsuc- cessful candidate at the general election of 1878, and remained out until 1881, when he was again returned by acclamation. At the general election, held in 1886, he was again forced to retire ; but in January, 1887, he was appointed a member of the Legisla- tive Council for De la Durantaye, and be- came commissioner of Crown Lands in the Mercier administration. Hon. Mr. Garneau was the head and only surviving partner of the well-known wholesale dry goods firm of P. Garneau et Frere, a firm that has been held in the highest repute for years through- out Canada and Europe, and is now senior partner of the firm of P. Garneau, Fils & Cie. In politics he is a Conservative, and in religion a member of the Roman Catholic church. In September, 1857, he was mar- ried to Cecilia Burroughs, daughter of the late Edward Burroughs, a well-known and highly respected prothonotary of Quebec. Two sons have been the issue of this mar- riage. Beaton, Alexander H., Medical Sup- erintendent of the Asylum for Idiots, Orillia. The province of Ontario makes generous provision for the part of its population that are unable to provide for themselves. The provincial asylums for idiots, for the insane, the deaf, the dumb, and the blind, are a credit to this young country. The proper management of these institutions entails heavy responsibilities, not only upon the government but upon the ptiblic servants who have them in charge. The subject of this sketch, Dr. Alexander H. Beaton, has fur ten years occupied the position of superin- tendent of the Asylr.m for Idiots, at Orillia, and deserves a full share of the credit due to our asylum officials for the manner in which they discharge duties that are always responsible and often trying and difficult. He was born on the 20th of April, 1838, in the township of Pickering, county of On- tario, on the farm on which the village of Whitevale now stands. His father, Colin Beaton, emigrated from the Island of Mull, Scotland, in 1832, and was one of the pion- eer settlers of what is now the splendid 188 .4 CYCLOPEDIA OF county of Ontario. His mother, Ciiristina McKinnon, came from the same part of Scotland in 1820. In those early days Cana- dian boys usually worked on the farm during summer, and attended school in winter. Alexander H. Beaton was no exception to this rule. His parents, like many of the early settlers, could not afford to give their family a better education than that which could be obtained in their own school section. Fortunately for the Beaton familj^ the teacher in their section was generally one of the best in the township. Alexander and his younger brother, Donald, were among the best scholars in the school, and were usually found in a prominent place when the teacher wished to " put his best foot forward " on examination days. Both boys had resolved that farming was not to be their life work. At the age of eighteen Alexander obtained a second-class certificate and proceeded to take a place on that " step- ping stone" about which so much used to be said by those who complained that many who are now among the most useful and prominent men in the province, merely taught school as a way into some other vocation. His first school was in the town- ship of V^aughan, near Thornhill. In 1857 he taught at Dutfin's Creek, and in the fol- lowing year entered the office of Ross, Craw- ford ct Crombie, barristers, Toronto, with the intention of studying law. The way to the legal profession was, however, soon blocked. He had not sufficient means to maintain himself in Toronto for five years, and his father had sufl!"ered severely in the financial storm which swept over the country at that time. It became necessary to leave Toronto, mount the ' ' stepping stone " again and earn more money. In 18G0 and 18G1 he taught in Claremont, in the township of Pickering, and in the following year in Ash- burn, township of Whitby. During these years the intenticm of entering the legal profession was abandoned, and he prepared himself for the study of medicine. In the session of 18G2 and 18G3 he entered the Toronto School of Medicine, and attended the Rolph School in the summer of 18G3, therebeing no summer session in the Toronto School. (Continuing his stiidies in the Pvolph School, he was graduated by that institution in April, 18G4. So(m after graduation he be- gan the practice of his }irofes^ion, and coii- tinued in practice for twelve years. Nine years of the twelve were spent in Stayner, county of Simcoe, where he enjoyed a large and lucrative practice, when appointed by the Ontario government to his present position. By birth and choice Dr. Beaton is a Presby- terian. Though in favour of wise progress in all proper directions, he is at the same time wisely conservative in ecclesiastical matters, and would readily be classed among the many "solid men " of the Presbyterian family communion. He has for many years been an office-bearer of his church, and takes a deep interest in all matters aifecting the welfare of Canadian Presbyterianism. He is liberal in his support of the educational and othpr institutions of his church, his con- tributions always ranking with the highest given in his localit}^. In all his church re- lations Dr. Beaton is vigorously assisted by Mrs. Beaton, who, along with the family to which she belongs, is devotedly attached to Presbyterianism. Previous to his appoint- ment to his present position, Dr. Beaton took an active part in politics. By birth, training and conviction he is a Liberal. Having a natural aptitude for public speak- ing and no special dislike to the " roar around the hustings,'^ as the late D'Arcy McGee once happily put it, his services were always in demand at election times, and were freely given. He took an active part in the exciting contests of 1872 and 187-^, and whilst in political life was always ready to do his full share of work and take his full share of responsibility. In January, 1877, he was app(jinted to his present position, the duties of which have been quietly but faithfully and efficiently discharged. For the proper discharge of these duties Dr. Beaton has many excellent qualifications. He is firm yet kind-hearted, and has the faculty of seeing and appreciating honest worth and real ability in his assistants. The success of an asylum superintendent of fen depends as much on his tact in dealing with his assistants as on his ability to care for the unfortunates placed under his charge. He readily recognizes real worth, however humble the position of the employee who manifests it, and nothing atfords him more pleasure than to see faithfulness and efficiency in his subordinates. In his deal- ings with the patients under his care he is uniformly kind, his intercourse with them savouring more of the paternal than of the official. He holds the theory that almost any idiot can lie educated, at least, to a cer- tain extent, and that it is the duty of the governmeuT, which in Ontario simply means the people, to give the idiot poptilation all the education thej- are capable of receiving. It is assumed, Dr. Beaton argues, that the province should provide a free education for the children that have the proper use of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 189 their faculties of mind and body. How much more urgent and binding ia the duty of educating those who have impaired bodily powers and the mere germ of an intellect ? It is expected that in the new asylum build- ings now in course of erection at Orillia, ample provision will be made not only for the care, but also for the training of the patients. The superintendent will then have ample facilities for carrying out his theory, and the unfortunates under his care will, in addition to the comforts of a well-managed home, receive such an educatitm as their faculties permit. In 1870 Dr. Beaton was united in marriage with Margaret Ann Mc- Niven, daughter of Donald McXiven, then a resident of Bradford, county of Simcoe, but at present residing in Harrislon, county of Wellington. Ro$!neral election, he succeeded in securing his election by 247 of a majority, and in January, 1887, he was again elected to his old seat. He is a Liberal in politics, and in religion an adherent of the ]\Iethod- ist church. In 1864, he received a commis- sion as captain in the militia, and takes a lively interest in our citizen soldiers The year after he joined the Masonic order, and is now a past master of St. Andrew's lodge, Halifax. He, we are glad to say, is a strong temperance man, and for years, has taken a deep interest in the advancement of temper- ance legislature, and is the author of the present Temperance Act of Nova Scotia. He is a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars, and his eminent legal knowledge renders him a very useful mem- ber of his lodge, when constitution^ ques- tions come up for discussion. In the legis- lature he has won a position of prominence, and has aided in shaping to a great extent the progressive measures introduced of late years, and is one of the recognized leaders of his party. On the 14th July, 1868, he was married to Maud L. , daughter of Robert P. Woodill, merchant, Shelburne, and has a family of two children. Wliiddeii, Cliarlex Blaneliard, ex-M. P. P. for Antigonish, > ova Scotia, was born at Antigonish, on the 5th June, 1831, and still resides in the place of his birth. He is the youngest son of .John Blair Whid- den, who was born in Stewiacke, Colchester county, N.S. , in 1791, and great grandson of James Whidden, who immigrated from New Hampshire and settled in Truro in 1760. His mother, Harriet Elizabeth Sy- monds, was a daughter of Nathaniel and Eli- zabeth Symonds, who came from New Hamp- shire in 1804, and were among the first settlers in Antigonish. 3Ir Whidden, sen., when a lad of ten years of age, having lost his father, spent s(jme years wiih an elder sister in the district of St. Marys, and after- wards came to Antigonish in 1807, where he purchased a small property in what is now the town of Antigonish, and in D cem- ber, 1816, married the mother of the sub- ject ui this sketch, the lady alluded to above. C. B. Wliidden's father was or- dained to the Baptist ministry in 1834, and continued to labour f(jr that denomination in the destitute parts of Nova Scotia un- til his death, which occurred on ihe 19th Jnlv, 1864. His wife survived him a num- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 191 ber of years, and passed away to the higher life in May, 1878, wanting only two months of reaching her eightieth year. Charles was educated at the Grammar School and at the Academy in Antigonish. After leav- ing school, he continued on a farm for some time ; but in 1863 he began business on his own account on a small scale, and devoting all his energies to what he had undertaken, soon became independent. He at one time was largely interested in ship- ping, and is still to a limited extent. In 1883 he retired from active business pur- suits in favour of his two sons, David Gra- ham and Charles Edgar. Mr. Whidden is a member of the Baptist church, and in politics a Liberal-Conservative. He ran as a candidate for a seat in the House of Com- mons at Ottawa in 1878, but was defeated by a small majority. Again, in June, 1882, he made another attempt to gain a seat in the Commons, but met with defeat. How- ever, in September of the same year, he be- came a candidate in the local election, and was chosen to represent his native county in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. In this house he sat for four years, until the general election in 1886, when he suffered defeat on presenting himself for re election, in consequence of the repeal cry, he being opposed to any change in the political status of his province so far as the Dominion is concerned. In 18G6 and 1867 he showed himself strongly in favour of the confedera- tion of the provinces, and worked hard in its favour. He is a strong believer in our common country, and predicts a great future for it. He always places country above and beyond all minor interests. In December, 1856, he was married to Eunice C. Graham, second daughter of the late Captain David Graham, and Mar}' Bigelow, his wife. The fruit of this marriage has been seven child- ren, four of whom have been carried away by death. Two of his sons, a? will be seen above, have succeeded their father in busi- ness, and his youngest son, Howard P., is now taking a collej/e course at Wolfville. Cutlibcrt, Edward Octaviuii J. A., Seignior of Berthier, ex-M,P. for the county of Berthier, province of Quebec, was born at the Manor House, Bdrthier (en hunt), on the 3ril December, 1826. His father, the late Hon. .James Cnthbert, was a scion of the Cuthb'rts of Castle Hill, In- verness-shire, Scotland ; seignior of Berthier, province of Quebec; for many years a mem- ber if the Special Council of Lower Canida ; and in his lifetime rendered valuable ser- vice to the state. His mother was Mary Louise A. Cairns. His grandfather, the first Hon. James Cuthbert, was seignior of the seigniories of Lanoraie, Berthier, and Maskinong^, and in his early days served in the Royal navy as a lieutenant. He was on board the flagship at the bombardment of Carthagena, and was selected to carry home to Britain the tidings of the capture of that stronghold. On his retirement from the navy he was appointed to the command of one of the independent military companies formed in Inverness, which afterwards was called the " Black Watch," and is now known as the 42nd Highlanders, and for some time served in that regiment. While in Inverness he was presented with a hand- some piece of plate by the citizens for spe- cial services. He afterwards joined the 15th regiment of foot, and assisted at the taking of Louisburg. He was also with General Wolfe at the battle of the Plains of Abra- ham, and had the honour of being selected by General Murray, to whom he acted as aiik-dc camp, to carry to Britain the news of the fall of Quebec. On his return to Canada he again joinel General Murray's staff, and in this position he remained until peace was fully restored, when he retired from the army. He was then appointed by Lord Dorchester one of the members of the first Legislative Council formed after the conquest, and became one of the first per- manent British settlers in Lower Canada. Daring the American revolutionary war he was particularly active in suppressing insur- I rection, and instilling into the minds of the Canadians sentiments of loyalty and attach- I ment to the British Crown. Elward, the sul)ject of our sketch, received his first edu- ! cation at the Berthier Academy, and then at i Chambly Colle_'e, at Chambly. Soon after leaviutc college he began to take an interest in public affairs, and was afterwards elected mayor of Bjrthier, and president of the County Agricultural Society. In 1867 Mr. ! Cuthbert entered the field of politics, and I at the general election held in 1872 he ran j in the Conservative interest, but was defeat- \ ed. A few years afterwards his political opponent, Mr. Paquet, having been called to the Senate, he again presented himself to the electors, and was returned by them as their repasentative in the House of Com- mons at Ottawa. From this tune until the dissolution of the house in 1886 he occupied a prcmiinent position in the legislature, when he was forced, through failing health, to abandon political life, and retire to his ijuiet home at Berthier. Mr. (Juthbert took a lively interest in the construction of the iVorlh 192 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Shore Railway ; and has also done a good deal to improve the live stock in his native county. In politics he always sided with the Conservative party ; and in religion is a . member of the Roman Catholic church. Oa j the 1st December, 1853, he was married to ; Mary, eldest daughter of Augustus Bostwick, | ■who in his lifetime was an advocate and ; Queen's counsel at Three Rivers, province of ] Quebec, and GeorgianaCuthbert (Mr. Cuth- bert's cousin), who was a daughter of the late Hon. Ross Cuthbert, seignior of Lano- raie and Maskinonge. Mi-s. Cuthbert died in February, 1885, leaving two sons and twin daughters. Baby, Hon. Judge Loiiii^ Fraii- «oi!« Gcorjfcs, Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench of the Province of Quebec, was born in the city of Montreal, on the 26th August, 1S34, and is descended from one of the oldest and most respected families in Quebec province. The founder of the family in Canada was Jacques Baby de Ran- ville, a nobleman from the south of France, who was an officer of the celebrated regiment of Carignaji-Saliercs, and arrived here in]GG2. B}- the family records and papers it can be traced up to 1375 wichoiit interruption. Representatives of the family have distin- guished themselves on the battle-field, as well as in the councils of the state both here and in France. Several of them have been knightsof Maltaand of St..Johnof Jerusalem. The last governors under the French rename, had many a time occasion to call the special attenticjn of the king of France to the meri- torious deeds and gallant actions of members of this notable family. Several of the dis- tinguished men who bore this name Were killed in these early days in battle. The grandfather of Judge Baby was the Hon. Franeois Baby, an executive and legis- lative councillor of the province of Quebec, and in 1775, adjutant-general of the same province, who with his brother in-law Charles Tarieu de Lanaudiere, then aide-de-camp to Lord Dorchester, took a very active part in the stirring events of the time. His grand- mother was Mirie Anne de Lanaudiere, a descendant of M. de Lanaudiere, governor of ]M >ntreal in IGol, and of Madelon de Yerchu'-'es, the heroine of "La Nouvelle France." Judge Baby's father was Joseph B iby, a colonel in the militia and long a notary public and prominent citizen of Joli- ette, where he died in 1871. His mother, Caroline Guy, was a daughter of the Hon. Louis Guy, in his lifetime king's notary, and a member of the Legislative Council of the pro- vince of Quebec. The subject of our sketch. Judge Biby, was educated in St. Sulpice Col- lege, in his native city, and also at Joliette College. After leaving school, where he had attained high distinctions, he chose the law as a profession, and studied in the office of Drummond and Loranger, of Montreal, both of whom became ministers of the Crown and were afterwards made judges. However, previous to his admission to the bar, he en- tered the civil service of Canada, in the at- torney-general's department for Lower Can- ada and for several years occupied the posi- tion of clerk, under the government, but was invited by the late Sir G. E. Cartier to relinquish this position for a more extended field (if usefulness. He wis a particular friend of the late Chief Justice Harrison, who was also a clerk in the civil service at the same time as he. In 1857 he was called to the bar, and practised his profession in M- )n- treal, in partnership with the Hon. Louis T. Drummond, when his health becoming im- paired, he removed to Joliette, where he continued his practice with considerable success, in partnership with tlie late Hon. L. A. Oliver, vrho wms appointed a judge ; in the superior court, in 1875, having been i previously a legislative councillor and a i senator, and was also mayor of that place for four or five terms. Though long deeply interested in politics, Mr Baby did not enter public life until 18G7, when he 1 became a candidate for Joliette in the Dom- inion parliament. At this time, however, i through the over confidence of his friends j and supporters, he failed to be elected. Five i years later, at the general electini of 187^, he was returned by acclamation ; was re- i elected in 187-4 ; unseated on petition on the 28th October of that year ; was re-elected ! on the 10th December following, by a much I larger maj >ri!y ; and a:^ain, at the general election in September, 1878, he was returned by a still increased majority. On the 26th of the next month, on the return of the Con- j servatives to power, he entered the cabinet with bis friend the Hon. L. R. Masson, and I was made minister of Inland Revenue. During the time he held this portfolio, he i displayed great tact a'ld firmness, an 1 gave I great satisfaction to the public. In 1875 \ he had the honour of introducing the bill j for the abolition <>i the death penalty in cases of assault with intent to commit rape i — a bill which was subsequently taken up I by the Hon. Mr. Blake, the then minister of I Justice, and cirried through parliament. Darin^' his term of office, he successfully 1 carried through the House of Comnons acts for the consolidation and amendment of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 193 the weights and measures, the excise laws, j stamp act, tobacco laws, etc., and took gen- erally a very active and patriotic part in the | affairs of the nation. In 1880 he retired from political life, and was made judge of | the Superior Court of Quebec, and subse- \ quently, in September, 1881, promoted to j the Court of Queen's Bench, which position he fills with dignity, and is very much re- spected by his confreres on the bench. Among the many praiseworthy deeds of Judge Baby's life is the valuable assistance he rendered in the founding of the Montreal Historical Society, of which he has been a,n efficient member since its formation. He is himself a historian of some repute, having, like the late Chief Justice Lafontaine, de- voted a good deal of his time in researches of a historical character, particularly with reference to Canada, and has brought to- gether, not however without considerable expense and trouble, one of the finest col- lections of Canadian maniiscripts in exis- tence, and the historical department of hi? extensive library is especially rich and attractive in Canadian literature. He is an honorary member uf the Institut-Cauadien of Quebec, and also of Ottawa, and a member and the president of the Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal. For this last branch of study Judge Baby seems to have a passion, — having devoted more or less time to it for a number of years — and his collection (jf coins and medals, forei.ci\ and domestic, is one of the best in Canad*. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church, a prominent and much re3[)ected citizen, and a notable figure in literary and religious circles, and appears never to forget his family motto, " Vire vrai; faire liirii." In July, 1873, he was married to Mina Heleue Adelaide, dauihter of the late Dc. Berthelet of Montreal (knight of the order of St. Sepulchre of France), and D uae Helene li \oriiiaii, J\idge of the Supreme Court ot N^iva Sc 'tm. Halifax, was born (m the 25th May, llS3t. at Annapolis Royal, Nova >^coria. His parents were Hon. Thomas Ritchie, judi^e of the Court of Common Pleas cotia. .Judge Joseph Norman Ritchie was educate I at King's College, Witidsor, Nova Scotia. where he took the degree of AI.A. H; afterwards studied law, and was called to the bar of Nova Scotia on the SOth Novem- ber, 1857 ; was made a Queen's counsel on 2Gth September, 1872 ; and was raised to I. the bench as a judge of the Supreme Court on the 26th September, 1885. For several years previous to his elevation to the bench he acted in the capacity of recorder for the city of Halifax. In 1859, on the organiza- tion of the volunteer militia in Nova Scotia, •Judge Ritchie joined the force and continued in it and the active militia of Canada until 1879. He holds a lieutenant colonel's com- mif^sion, bearing date 17th March, 1876. P'or several years he was also one of the directors of the Merchants Bank of Halifax. In religion the judi^e is and always has been an adherent of the Church of England. He has for wife Mary, daughter of John Coch- ran, of Newport, U.S. I^orraiii, Ki^lit Reverend Nar- cis.^e Zepiiiriii, Bishop of Cythera and Vicar Apostolic of Pontiac, with his resi- dence a*: Pem!)r ke, Ontario, was born the 13th June, 1842, at St. Martin, county of Laval. His i uher, Narcisse Lorrain, is a descendant of that sturdy stock of pio- neers who settled the northern district of the province of Quebec, and have repre- sentatives in the counties of Terrebonne, T-vo Mountains, .\rgenteuil, etc., and is i considered one of the wellto-do'farmers of ! the rich county of Laval. i\Ir. Lorrain, sr. , I was married to Sophia Goyer. In 1855 j Mgr. Lorrain was sent to the seminary of Ste. T' erese, in the county of Terrebonne, j where he commenced his classical studies. That institution, which had been founded I some forty yeats before by the Rev. Messire I Charles Ducharnie, a venerable priest whose memory will Tor ever live in the hearts of the peo[)le of tliat district, was then under the direction of Messire Dagenais, j superior, and Mes-tion • into French of ( )iio'idorf's English Gram- mar. These gentlemen soon discovered that the youth wa.s an unusually bright pupil, and they re.solved to .spare no enileavour to further his .-^tmlie.s, thinking, and not with- out yood groiunls, that in the future he v\ould he an how ^r to the seminary. The care.-r of ■\Igr. L ri-Hin has proved that they wert. not w roog, as he has taken a prominent place ainoiii; the scores of other men of note who have graoua'ed at that institution ; among others the Hon. Ti.e )dore Rohitaille, ex-lieutenant-trove'ivr of the province of Q lebec ; Hill, 'ie eon Ouim-t, superin- ' t<-nilent of oublic instruction, Quebec, and many members of parliament and senators, 194 A CYCLOPEDIA OF besides many lawyers and doctors. To a quick and perceptive mind, Mgr. Lorrain joined a so\ind judgment, with more than his share of energy, the latter quality being in fact one of the distinguishing traits of his character. It is to the knowledge of the writer of this sketch, who was a school mate of Mgr. Lorrain, that at the end of each month, when the notes were read by the director of the seminary, his conduct was always marked down as "exemplary." One year he carried eighteen prizes in his class. He entered on the study of theology at the end of his classical course, teaching a class at the same time, and was beloved by the pupils under his charge on account of his kindly disposition and gentle manners, which were not, however, without an ad- mixture of firmness. He knew how to in- stil the love of discipline which he himself possessed in such an eminent degree. In 1864, Mgr. Lorrain graduated at Laval L'ni- versity, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Sciences, and he was ordained priest on the 4th of August, 1807, being then appointed assistant director at the Seminary of Ste. Theiese, which position he filled until the loth of August, 1869, when he was appointed pastor to the congregation of Redford, Clinton county, in the state of New York. On the 3rd of August, 1880, he was promoted and appointed vicar-gen- eral of the diocese of IMontreal. His ap- pointment caused some surprise to a great many people who did not know him inti- mately ; but the ability he displayed in the management of the affairs, and in the liqui- dation of the debts of the episcopal corpo- ration, then in financial troubles, soon justified the choice the bishop of the diocese of Montreal had made of his person for such an important position as that of vicar weneral. And the surprise changed to won- der wh^n two years later, being barely forty years of age, on the 21st of September, 1882, he was coiisecrated titulary bishop of Cy- thera and vicar apostolic of Pontiac, with place of residence at Pembroke, he being the first bishop of that diocese. In this new field of labour Mgr, Lorrain has distin- auished himself, doing his u^'most to concen- trate the scattered elements of his extended but sparsely settled diocese, and the energy and strong will which had characterised his student life were displayed on a larger scale, an instance of which may hi cited from the fact of his having travelled, in 1884, a dis- tance of 1,500 miles, in a bark canoe. And here we cannot do better than reproduce the acc'iunt of this trip, which appeared shortly after his lordship's return, in the Pembroke Standard, and is of great interest : His lordship's tour has been an extended one of some sixty-four days. His up voyage to Ab- bitibi has already been described in our columns. The story of the trip from Abbitibi northwards will be narrated in a series of articles containing, besides the description itself, copious and reliable information on the agrictdtural, mineral and tim- ber interests of this vast expanse of virgin soil. Suffice it to say now that the Temiscamingue re- gion is represented as waiting colonization ; and that from the height of land northwards, a stretch of ISO miles across, extending indefinitely east and west, gains, by lowness cf the situation, a mildness of temperature that ])robab!y lasts long enough to mature the luxuriant growth of early vegetation Arotmd Hudson Bay and for a con- siderable distance southwards, the land is low, swampy, and impoverished ; the soil unproductive and the timbers dwarfed, (reological specimens have been brought back by the i)arty,and sketches of the more picturesque points have been taken by the master hand of Father Paradis. Travel- ling through these northern wilds, while it may have its interest for the geologist or the artist, is by no means the embodiment of physical happi- ness. On water and on land the inconveniences are many and annoying. To paddle over rough waves and through beating rain, to portage a hundred rapifis, some of them three miles in length, over rocks and ravines and fallen trees, through wet and tangled grass and bruslnvooa ; to camp in swarms of mosquitoes and^sand-flies, on swampy ground, where more than once after the tents had been Ijeaten through by nights of falling rain, a half a foot of water has Hooded the tent- floor, Ijranches and blankets ; to wade knee deep for a mile or even two miles through sharp cut stones and slou.rh and vvater, in the endeavour to reach the shore and wait the tide that alone can give sufficient dejith on certain parts of James^ Bay, to liear along a laden canoe ; to endure all this and more, is but a sjiecimen oi the hardships gone through by travellers to these northern dis- tricts. Though the Indians are cool intrepid guides, the most provoking shortcomings have to be accepted from their hands, no matter ho^\• re- luctantly, still with silonce and patience. On the water they work well, but once on shore, to cam]) for the night, or to get out of catching gales, or at the posts where missions are given, it is almost impossible to get them under way again ; teasing disajjpointments and delay, an axe, a blanket, a tin jjan left behind prolong the stay, and time is killed, and programmes spuiled, and jmtience tried. The fiercest storm encounterti-d, iierhajis, was on the •24th of June, the day after the jiarty left Ab- liitilii, when the thtrniometer fell 43"^, and the niirtli-western extremity of the l.nke rolled moun- tain high before the sweejiing huiricane. To ad- vance was imjiossilde ; the cam]) was ]:)itched, and bt-neath the swaying trees, and storming rain, the day was passed wretchedly beyond descrijition. lJisai>iiointnients like this have often to be en- countered on the ti iji. They are annoying in more ways than one. K\en the ])rovisions stand a chance of running sliort, the more so as the In- dians, during tliese ilelays, ]jass the time in gorg- ing, lieinu' content with nothin,' !e-s than half a di.zen meals each day. The i)ort;iges fioui Abbi- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 195 tibi to Moose Factory are twenty-one in number ; some »of them m'ly be run in a canoe, but the greater number have to be footed. i'Vom the 25th to the 27th of Jane the voya.,'e was agreeable enough, excepting that at times, and for a distance, during these days, of fifteen miles, the oft repeat- ed feat of wading waist deep through water and struggling along rugged banks, had to be resorted to through sheer necessity of making anj' head- way. On the 2Sth the hair-breadth escape of the journey occurred. It was the liopide de L've. Ordinarily the rapid is run without imminent risk by keeping aloof from the whirling eddy half waj' down its course ; but the bowsuian did slovenly work, and before the approach of danger was realized the canoe was sucked into the engulfing seething pool, and was sp m twice a'-o\md as oi a pivot, ill the very centre of th - r;i])iii where the brokea waves leaped high, and the foam splashed fiercely, blinding tlie paddlers and ttUing the boat. Two feet more and the canoe was Ijeyond all res- cue. It was a thrilling moment. Death, swift and sure, was but the moiety of a minute off ; but the long-made resolves of coolness in case of such an accident stood well to the occupants of the boat. The steersman — the most intrepid perhaps on the northern waters — muttered one short mon- osyllable, and in the twinkling of an ej-e every paddle was in its position, and the canoe leaped forward, rocked in the hollows of the waves and forced sideways up the billows to be hurled ilowii again below, till the main current was reached, one stroke of the brave steersman swung it half round and sent it dashing down to the more placid waters at the foot of the rapids. '• God be bless- ed," went up from the hearts of the bishop and his missionaries ; and flowing bowls of strong tea re- warded the proud Indians. On the 29th June the party arrived at New- Post, a fort of the Hudson Bay Company, some 150 miles from Abliitihi, and 120 from Moo-e Factory. Here a mission was given during the day, and at evening the start was made for Moose Factory. Four p irtages more are passed ere the party reaches Moose l''act )ry on the 2nd July. This fort is the headquarters of the company, and is by far the most import- ant on the whole route. The following lU'irning the canoe heads for AUiany, another post of the H. B. Company, situated on the ri\er Alliany, which flows into James' Bay But neither the heavens nor the sea was propitious, and nine miles fnnn the Factory the canoe was brou.:lit to a stand- still by a face-beating wind, and by a low tide, whose influence is felt even twenty-fi\e miles up the Moose river. For three days the camp is pitched on the river bank, the wind blows, the rain pours down, a tempest r.iges, it h lils and even snows ; till a consultation being held, the whole party picked up their effects and put bade to Moose. This was on Sunday, the Gth July. On Tuesday a new and more successful dejjartu-e is mide for Albany, which is reached on the 11th of the month. A mission, most gratifj-ing in its results, was given here till tlie lotli, A\hen the home trip was begun. At .\lbany thf-re is a magnificent wooden church, 50 feet by 2ti ; tower- crowned, gothic style, and bell-dfcked. Some oOf) Indians are attached to this mission church. On the 18th Ju'y, Moose Factory was reached on the home voyage. The next day the canoe is off again for New-Post, but more disa]>pointinent is ahead. A higli tide coming in at night submerges the canoe and cargo lying on the river shore ; and for the following days so strong is the current that 15 miles have to be tramped on foot before New- Post comes in sight. To walk 15 miles is nothing in it-elf, but to walk 15 miles, \\\) to the waist in cold water, piercing one's feet with the sharp cornered pebbles of the river l)ottom, and to drag along a boat and its effects through the oppo.sing stream, all this is something. New-Post is entered on the 25th, and is left the next evening, a large number of Indians accompanying to 15 miles from the post, where, after a portage of three miles in. length has been made, mass is celebrated for the crowd on Sunday morning. On the 2nd August the return party arrives at Abbitibi, where a large congregation of Indians are assembled to attend divine services on the following Sunday. On Monday, the 4th August, the prow points towards Temiscamingue, which gives glad welcome to the party on the 7th. The three following days are devoted to the mission ; and on Monday afternoon a start is mide. The next day, after running five rapids and portaging over three, the party paddled into Mattawa at 8 o'clock in the evening. The voyage honie, and reception, we have referred to in the beginning of this article. The trip has been fraught with spiritual blessings for l,40iJ Indians, that are proud to be the sub- jects of the zealous and hard-working bishop of Pembroke. Non recuso la''Orein, "I flee not wiu'k," we read on his coat-of-arms two years ago, when he took possession of his See in this town. His heart, even then, when he devised this motto, must have beat love for the poor Indians of Hud- son Bay. In 1887, Mi(r. Lorrain travelled 1,700 miles on his p istoral visit to the Indian missions on the Upper Ottawa, Rupert's Land and the Upper St. Maurice. His route was from Ot- tawa, via Pembroke, to Lakes Temiscamin- gue, Obaching, Kepewa, etc., thence to the source of the lliver du Molhe ; from here through a chain of lakes to the "Lac B ir- riu re " mission, now on LakeWapous ; thence to Lake ^Vassepatebi, lying between the pro- vince of Quebec and Rupert's Land ; through Cypress Lake, River Pekeskak, by a chain of five lakes, the Laloche river to Lake Was- wanipi. The return trip was made by the same route as far as Lake Waswanipi, to the Mtikiskan river and the upper waters of the St. Maurice ; thence through various lakes, Lake Long, Lake Coucoucache and others to the Grand Piles. This involved a trip of 1,700 miles, mostly by water in bark canoe, occupying two months and six days, and 1,172 miles being travelled by canoe. The portages were from an arpent to four mil.^s long, and there were 157 of them During the five years Rishop N. Z. Lorrain has been in Pembroke he has paid an old debt of !5ll,000 on the church; built a magnificent episcopal residence at a cost of 818,000, upon which sum 88,000 has been paid ; bought twenty-nine aores of 196 A CYCLOPEDIA OF land for a graveyard ; purchased plots of sixteen acres of ground in the most beauti- ful part of the town, as sites for charitable institutions in the future. Mgc Lorrain is an eminent English scholar. There is no doubt he is destined to do a great work for his country, and that his wise counsel will always have weight in the periodical coun cils of his church. Coleman. Artluii'Pliileinoii,PL.D., Profe.ssor of Geology and Natural History, Victoria University. Cobourg, was bom on the -ith of April. 1852, at Lacb;:te, pro- vince of Quebec. His father was the Eev. Francis Coleman, a minister of the Metho- dist Chtircli of Canada, and his mother, Emmeline Maria Adams, was a descend- ant of John Quincy Adams. His early education was obtained in various public and high schools of Ontario, according to the station occupied l)y his father, as an itinerant Methodist minister : and this ended in a course of two years in Cobourg Collegiate Institute. In 1872. he matricu- lated in Victoria University. Cobourg, and after four years' residence, graduated in 1876 as Bachelor of Arts, taking honours and a gold medal. On the advice of Dr. Haanel, whose eloquence and ability as a professor had inspired him to study science, he sailed for Europe, and in 188U, matricu- lated in the Universiiy of Breslau. in Prus- sia. Dr. Haand's 'ilnxi inafi r. During four semesters he studied geology, mineralogy, botany, histology. chemi=;try. etc.. under such di.stincuished men as Iviemcr. Cohn. Goeppert. Dilthey. Poleck. LifT^ljisch. and others. His dissertation which was on the '• Melajjhyres of Low>'r Silesia." and de- manded hard work in mi''r()S.-o])ic jjctrogra- pliv. as well as some mnntlis ^i'l'ologizing in the Giant Mountains, on the Ip inler between Sile.'^ia and Bohemia, was acceptt-d. and after examination he was ailinitttMl lo the degree of Do^'tc^r Philosopliiae i i-n m lifili- \ in"l882. While in Eiirooc. Pruf.-.-sor C\,le- man made numerous gt-oloai^'al cxjjeditidns in Germany. Aiistria. SwilZ'Tlimd. [tal\ and 8candina\'ia. and most of une .'-uinint'r he s])ent in X)rw;iy. wandering' ini {'out over the mountains and fji'lds cnll'-clini^ speci- mens, and obser\"ing the results of glacial action. The most notable points in this journev were the as'-ent of ( biidhoejiiu'. the highest mountain in Norway, and a voyatje along the coast to Hammerfest an 1 The North Ca])e. t( the Lapps and the nddnight sun. AtKnivskjaerodden, a few miles from the North Cape, the shij:) on board of which he was. The Nordsfjern, went ashore in a fog, and became wrecked on that bleak coast. The misfortune occurred at about two o'clock in the morning, but aided by the ] erpetual daylight, the passengers and crew succeeded in reaching shore, and w ith- in twenty -four hours thereafter, they were rescued by another steamer and landed at Hammerfest. After a short visit to France and England, he returned to Ontario, and towards the end of 1882, was inaugurated as professor of geology and natural history in Victoria University, Cobourg. Since that date he has continued in the same position, varying his life by journeys with geological ends in view": in this way he visited the Eocky Mountains, the valley of the Colum- l)ia, and the Selkirks. before the Canadian Pacific Railway was built, travelling by pack ])ony, canoe or on foot. The professor be- longs to the Methodist church, and in poli- tics is a Liberal. ]?Iaeiiiiell. Rev. Daniel JanieK, B.D.. Pastor of West St. AndrcAv's ( Pres- byterian ) Church, Toronto. This po])iilar minister was born at Bathurst, New Bruns- wick, on the 1.5th January. 18-43. His father, the Rev. George Macdonnell, Avho was born in Kirkcaldy. Fifeshire. Scotland, came in childhood to Halifax. Nova Scotia, received his early educational training in the schools at Halifax, and finished his course of studies at the Edinburgh L'niversity. He after- wards was minister of St. Luke's Church, l' Church of Scotland), at Bathurst, from 18-iO to 18.51: .spent Uvo years in Scotland; came to L'pper Canada in 1853, and was settled successively in Nelson and Water- down. Fergus and Milton, and died at the hitter place in 1871. His mother was Elea- nor Milnes. who was born at Pictou. Nova Scotia, and belonged to a branch of the family of Milnes. of Derbyshire. England. Daniel .Tames Macdonnell. the subject of our .sketch, began his education at Bathurst when but a lad of six years of age, — the study of Latin being included in his course at this unreas(mably early age. He was aftei'wards sent to Scotland, and })ursued Ills studies for some time at Kilmarnock and Edinburgh, and on his return to Can- ada, at Nelson, under the care of the late Dr. liobert ]>ouglas, of Port Elgin, who tauufht at " The Twelve," while he was prosecuting his studies. Mr. Macen(led .8200.000 in buiidiiig about 180 miles of gravel roads through the country, on which no toll gate was ever ])laced. and the county of Bruce CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 2C1 a few years after followed the example tlms set of building a number of leading gravel roads tlirougli the county without placing toll gates (m them. The population of the county of Grey at the last census, in 1881, was over 75,000, and that of Bruce over 65,000. A number of railways are now running through the counties, the Canadian Pacific Railway having a lake terminus at Owen Sound, which has a population of about 6,000, a dry dock capable of receiving very large steamers (the first built in Canada above the Welland Canal), an excellent system of waterworks, is lighted by electric lights, and to and from its harbour a large fleet of steamers (including the Canadian Pacific Railway's steel steamships), and sailing vessels run to all the various })orts on the upper lakes. Besides the jiosition of county judge to which Mr. IMacpherson was a})2)ointed in 1865. he holds the posi- tion of local judge of the High Court of Justice, t(j which he was apjijointed in March, 1882; of surrogate judge of the Maritime Court of Ontario, to which he was a])pointed in February, 187S), and of revising officer of the North Riding of Grey, to which he was appointed in October, 1885. Judge Macpherson has long taken a great interest in Freemasonry, into which he was initiated in June, 1857, in the city of Toronto, and in the fall of that year, assisted by other brethren, he opened a lodge in Owen Sound under a dispensation from Sir Allan Napier MacNab, grand master of the Ancient Grand Lodge of Canada, and of which lodge he was the first worshipful master. He is the only survivor of the original members of that lodge. The Ancient Grand Lodge was in July of the following year merged in the Grand Lodge of Canada. He has been a regular attendant at the meetings of the Grand Lodge, and in 1863 was elected grand senior waixlen. He has been, with the exception of two years, continuously a member of the Board of General Purposes since its formation in 1861, has frequently been and is at present \dce-president of that board, and is also chairman of the sub-com- mittee on juris])rudence. He is also the representative of the Grand Orient of Uru- guay, and of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, near the Grand Lodge of Canada. He has also taken an active part in Capitular Ma- sonry. He was exalted in February, 1858, and in 1866, assisted in the formation of a chapter in Collingwood, of which, in 1867, he became first principal. In 1873, he assisted in the fornuition of a chapter in Owen Sound, of which, at the commence- ment he was first principal. In Grand Chapter, after filling the chairs of 3rd and 2nd princi})al. he was, in 1883, elected grand first principal, which office he held two years. He is also rejiresentative of the Grand Cha])ter of California, near the Grand Chajrter of Canada. He has also been instrumental in the formation or carrying on of many local and other societies. Judge Macpherson was the first secretary and afterwards president of the Mechanics' Institute. He has been presi- dent of the North Riding of Grey Agricul- turid Society, and has been several times and is now president of the Horticultural Society, and has been vice-president of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario. He was the first captain and several years jjresident of the Ci'icket Clul), was several years president and is now patron of the Curling Club, and has been president of the Ontario branch of the Royal Caledonian Curling Club. He also, in 1874, assisted in the formation of a joint stock company to build a curling and skating rink, of which he was the first president. This was the first company formed for this purpose under the Ontario Act. He has also been presi- dent of the First Canada Rifle Club, of the Gun Club, and of the Fish and Game Pro- tection Society, and is now chairman of the managing conunittee of the Owen Sound Club. In this age of locomotion his travels can hardly be considered important, yet he has travelled througli Canada from Manitoba to Newfoundland, and througli all the great lakes. He has l)een through most of the states east of the Mississip])i from Minne- sota to Florida; and has visited a number of cities of the United States frt)m St. Paul and Minneapolis to New Orleans, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi. He was at the Paris Exhibition of 1867, the Centennial Exhibition held at Philadel])hia in 1876. the Colonial Exhibition at London, and the International Exhibition at Liver- pool in 1886. He has visited the Bahama Islands, and last Avinter travelled by sea from New York to Ncav Orleans, up the Missisipi^i to Memphis, and across home by rail, paying visits to the diffierent cities on the way, and also visiting the mammoth cave of Kentucky, his journey being nearly 5,000 miles. He has ajso visited most of 202 A CYCLOPEDIA OF the important cities aud other points of in- terest in England and Scotland, including the islands of Skye. Staffa, lona, Man, Wight, etc. During last summer, he also visited Egyjjt, including the Suez Canal, the Xile. Cairo, the Pyramids, the battle field of Tel-el-Kebir. etc., going by way of the Mediterranean and calling at Gibraltar and Malta, travelling in all nearly 15.000 miles. He is a member of the Church of England. In May, 1875, he married Eliza McGill McLean, second daughter of Allan X. McLean, formerly of Toronto, now of London, England, and grand-daughter of the late John McLean, formerly sheriff at Kingston, who was a brother of the late Hon. Chief Justice McLean, of Toronto ; Mrs. Mac])herson died in April, 1880, leav- ing two children, only one of Avhom still survives. Campbell, Rev. Keiiiietli A.. Oril- lia. Ontario, was born in the to^vi-nsliip of Thorah, Ontario county, on the 30th of November, 1837. His father. Kenneth Campbell, was born in the county of Glen- garry, Ontario, and was one of the earliest settlers in the township of Thorah, and ren- dered most valuable assistance to the Scot- tish immigrants, who afterwards settled in that and neighbouring townships. Mr. Campbell was captain of militia. Rev. Mr. Campbell received the rudimentary part of his education in a public school of his native section, and afterwards made a full course, preparatory to ordination, in St. Michael's College, Toronto, and was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Lynch, in St. Joseph's Church, Beaverton, on the 21st of September, 1854. He was appointed assist- ant to the Very Kev. G. R. Northgrcn-es, in the parish of Barrie, and in April, 1856, he was appointed parish priest of Mara and OrilHa. In this charge he laboured with zeal for eight years. He built a neat sub- stantial brick church in the village of Brechin ; attended to the wants of the set- tlers of his faith in the district of Mnskoka, and discharged efficiently the duties of local superintendent of schools in the townships of Mara and Rama. In June, 1872, he built the Church of the Angels Guardian, in Orillia, a solid structure of fine architectural design, and an ornament to the-town. The interest of the congregation of Orillia re- cpiiring a resident priest, the Wllage was erected into a separate parish, and Father Camjjbell was apjjointed to the charge in 1874. Upon his removal to Orillia, he set to work to erect the handsome presbytery in which he now resides. Subsequently he built a solid, well-planned, well-appointed separate school-house, and a tasteful brick church in the village of Warnxinster. He not only attends to the elementary instruc- tion of the children imder his care, but takes a deep interest in higher education. Four years ago he was appointed Ijy the county council of Simcoe trustee of the High School Board, and on that board he has held the position of chairman for the four years that he has been a meml^er thereof. Father Campbell has left his imprint for good in the various important positions he has held, and we hope he may be long spared to bless mankind. Bruc«', Rev. George, B.A., Pastor of St. Da\-id's (Presbyterian) Church, St. John, New Brunswick, is a Scotchman by birth, ha\'ing been born near Aberdeen, Scotland, on 6th of September, 1837. His parents were John Bruce and Elspeth Cad- ger. The family is an old one and can be traced far back in the annals of Scotland. The Simpsons (Sir George and Thomas), of Hudson Bay notoriety, were relatives, and Mr. Bruce, sen., remembers when young George Simpson came to bid them good-bye before lea\ing for America. Al- exander Bruce, the eldest brother of John Bruce, was educated in King's College, Aberdeen. ^Vhen the Rev. George Bruce was only tonr years of age he was brought to Canada. The family settled in Mark- ham, near Toronto, and there they have been extensively engaged in various kinds of business ever since, chiefly, however, in farming and milling. George, the subject of this sketch, after receiving the usual public school training, attended the Normal School in Toronto for some time; and in 1863 he went to Whitby, where, under Thomas Kirkland, now principal of the To- ronto Normal School, he })repared himself for the university. In September, 1864, he matriculated in the University of Toronto, and four years afterwards he graduated from the same institution. While attend- ing the university he devoted himself to general study, principally, however, in the direction of mathematics, metaphysics. 2)oli- tical economy and natural science (espe- cially in regard to its more modern devel- opments, in which he took an exceptional interest). He then entered Knox College, CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 2G3 in the same city, and from this college he graduated in 1871. While a student, Mr. Bruce became deeply impressed with the great loss sustained by the church through the frequent removal of student uiission- aries from their fields, on account of their return to college every winter to pursue their studies, leaving the fields lansupplied to the manifest and serious loss of the in- terest and organization which had resulted from the labours of the missionary during the summer. As licentiates were almost always settled in congregations at once upon the completion of their stiidies, the smaller and more sparsely settled mission fields were left almost entirely to the stu- dent supply in the summer vacation. It seemed to him that the only relief for this lay in getting students to give from one to two or more years of voluntary work to these fields after they were licensed, so as to bring them ujo to a stable and self-sus- taining position. He wrote a considerable number of articles calling attention to this matter, and ])rought it before the General Assembly. In order to make jaractical trial and do, himself, what was recommended, he took such work for four years after he was licensed, declining to be ordained, though he is not sure of the wisdom of that part of his course now, as ordination gives additional fitness for the work falling to the hand of the missionary. The sys- tem, however, gradually gained favour, and is now almost universally j^ut in practice in such fields, as far as young men can be foxind willing to undertake such work. Rev. Mr. Bruce's field lay in the region of Newmarket and Aurora, Ontario, which, though old and prosperous settlements, had suffered very much so far as the Pres- byterian church was concerned, from the system he had spoken of. Two brick churches were built during the four years he resided there, and the congregations were separated soon after and are both prosperous. In September, 1876, he Avas or- dained over the First Presbyterian Church in St. Catharines, Ontario, where he re- mained seven years. This charge had been one of the congregations established by the American Church, and retained its name as siich and its connection with the Pres- bytery of Biiffalo till immediately before his ordination. He was. therefore, the first minister in the new relation, although it was a very old congregation. During his ministry a brick church, the one now in use, was erected. Kev. Mr. Bruce was for six years convener of the Home Mission Committee of the Presbytery of Hamil- ton, and member of the General Home Mission Committee of the church. In 1881 he was sent out with the Rev. Dr. Cochrane by the Home Mission Committee to visit the churches in Manitoba, and to meet Avith the presbytery and arrange for the designation of the Rev. James Robert- son as superintendent of missions, as well as for the settlement of various other ques- tions which had been before the connnittee. On his way uj) to fulfil this appointment he was on the steamer City of Winnipeg when she was burnt at Duluth. The fire took place at night and five lives were lost, the others escaping Avith difficulty. Besides church work he has always had a deej:) in- terest in ediieational matters, and has writ- ten a good deal in connection with our sys- tem from time to time. In January, 1883, he was inducted into his present charge, St. Da\-id's Church. St. John, New Bruns- wick. The congregation was one formed at the disruption as the Free Church, and is a large and active one. Here as formerly he has taken a deep interest in home mission work. Within the bounds of the large presbytery there is a vast field. He is con- vener of an "Augmentation Committee" for enlarging the salary of ministers in weak charges. Rev. Mr. 13 nice' s travels have not been great, although somewhat extended on this continent, and almo.st incessant at times in church work. His trip in 1881 to the North-West was an interesting experience of the " trail and tent " life, as the Cana- dian Pacific Railway was only commenced, and he passed the men at work several times. They had then attained a rate of one mile per day, which was considered a wonder, although this speed of track-laying was afterwards increased to three or even four miles per day. His religious ^iews have continued much the same in general principles. He is a Presbyterian, and therefore, of course, a Cahinist in doctrine. He has gone over all the ground carefully in connection with scientific difficulties and other new j^hases, and with a mind, so far as he knows, open to receive im^oressions and conviction. He believes much enlarge- ment has come from the study of Science in connection with Religion, but has seen nothin^r to cause him to change his faith in 2r4 .4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF the " old doctrines.'" It has been, he thinks, man's narrow, mistaken, and prejudiced construction of Bible teaching which has been the source of the weakness, wherever there has really been a weakness. What is needed is jjractical ada])tation of teaching, preaching, and modes of work to the re- quirements of the age. Broad sympathy and charity is the very pith and marrow of the Gos])e!, and unswer\-ing loyalty to the truth where it is perceived. He has read extensively in rationalistic literature, the '• new theology '' and evolutionary theories of revelation and man. He admires the scientific spirit and j^atient research, but is deeply impressed with the rash and .su- perficial nature of much of the theorising so confideutlv asserted. It is unscientific and unreliable. On the 18th June, 1884. Kev. Mr. I^ruee was married to Catherine Emily, third daughter of the late John E. Dickson, M.D., president of the Royal Col- lege of Physicians and Surgeons. Kingston, Ontario, and medical superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane there. Dr. Dick- son's name is widely kno'UTi in the medical profession. He was especially celebrated as a siargeon, and in the midst of a very extensive j^ractice he found time to keep himself abreast of the scientific progress of the age, and to take an active interest in many matters of moral beneficence and re- ligion. He came from Ireland when quite young, j^art of the family remaining at home. Sicivarl, John, Superintendent of the Northern Division of the New Bruns'^'ick Railway, Woodstock, New Brunswick, was born at St. Andrews, N.B., on the 2nd Fel)- niary, 1845. His father, Duncan Stewart. was in early life a colour-sergeant in the rifle brigade, and afterwards became an officer in the Customs department, and served in that caj)acity at St. John and at St. Ste2)hen. John was educated at the St. Stej^hen and Calais Hii,'h .schools. Some time after leav- ing school he entered the Customs serxice. and acted as weigher and ganger at St. Stephen in 1804-5, when he was a])])ointcd to the ])osition of conductor im the New Brunswick and (!anada Railway, and acted as such until 1874. when he waspnmn^ted to a su])erintendency. In 1882, after the con- solidation of the line with the New Bruns- wick Railway Company, he was ap])ointed to and filled the office of general superin- tendent until 1885, and then was made superintendent of the Northern dinsion. which office he now fills. Ha\"ing a taste for military aff'airs, he joined the volunteers when a mere youth, and held the rank of captain in the St. Stephen Infantry School, and saw a good deal of active service dur- ing the Fenian invasion of our frontiers. In 1872 he was made a Freemason, and has ever since taken an interest in the order. Mr. Stewart is a member of the Presbyter- ian denomination. In 1874 he was married to Susan A. Haddock, daughter of J. Had- dock, of St. Andrews, and has a family con- sisting of three children. Work man. .I<>!>e])li. M.D., Toronto, was born in Ballymacash. near the to^\'n of Lisburn, Ireland, on the 26th May, 1805. He is descended from an illustrioiis ances- try, the first of whom is noticed by Neale in his history of the Puritans, namely, the Rev. William Workman, who was lecturer at St. Stephen's Church, in Gloucester. Eng- land, from 1618 to 1633, and whom the historian describes as a man of great piety, wisdom and moderation. About that time Archbishop Laud had assumed power, and Avas addressing himself with great energy to stemming the tide of reformation which had set in. The images and pictures were restored to the churches, and the clergy had begun to array themselves in gorgeous vestments, such as those used by the clergy {)i the Roman Catholic church. The Rev. Mr. Workman could not brook this state of things; and in one of his sermons stigma- tized pictures and statues of the founders of Christianity, the fathers, and other eminent persons, as unfit ornaments for churches, and declared that to set up images of Christ or of the saints in the j)rivate houses was according to the Homily unknA"ful and tend- ed to idolatry. This sermon having been reported to Laud, the Rev. Mr. Workman was brought V:»efore the Court of Hif^h Com- missicm. and after a short trial was convict ed of heresy, deposed and excommunicated. He now opened a school in order to support his family, but as an excommunicated ])er- son li(> was inhibited from teaching youth. He then commenced tlie practice of medi- cine, in which he had some skill, but the archbisho]) forbade, and the result was that not knowing where to turn to sujiport his family, he fell into a settled melancholy and died. These circumstances eventually made a deep im])ression on his children; and they eagerly joined the parliamentary CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 205 army, in which William Workman, from ■whom the Canadian Workmans spring, held a commission, and was one of those who met the charge of Prince Rupert on the field of Naseby. This William served un- til 1648, when he went over to Ireland with OHver Cromwell; and on the close of the Irish campaign he retired from military life, recei\'ing as a reward for his services a grant of the two town lands of Merlacoo, and two sizeacks in the county of Armagh. Of these lands the old soldier held possession for only a short time. He was in the midst of a hostile population, different in race and rehgion,with bitter memories of defeat, and a passionate hunger for vengeance, born of what they considered great wrongs. Dur- ing Tyrconnel's adminLstration he removed to county Down, near Donaghadee, whence he was obliged to flee and shelter his old age behind the walls of Derry, soon to be invested by King James' army. He must have succumbed to the aj^palling jjrivations of the siege, as his name does not appear in the history of an event which is so famil- iar in all its details. When at last the be- sieging army, a long column of pikes and standards, was seen retreating up the left bank of the Foyle, William Workman's two sons and their wives emerged from the war- scarred walls of Derry and settled in the county of Antrim. One of the brothers settled at Brookeud Mills, near Coagli, whence he removed to Monymore, to take charge of the mill there, and for more than a century this mill remained in charge of suc- cessive generations of Workmans. Joseph Workman, the father of the subject of our sketch, was the last of the family who re- sided at the Monymore mill. This gentle- man having made a vLsit of three years to the United States, returned to Ireland and took up his abode at Ballymacash, near the town of Lisburn, where his family, nine in number, were ])orn, all of whom ultimately came to Canada, and have left their mark on its history. As will ])e seen from the aljove, the father of Joseph Workman was of Eng- lish descent, but his mother, Catharine (xon- dy, was descended from a Scottish family. Joseph received his English education fnjm a Mr. Shields, and he was taiight classics by J. Xealy, in Lisburn, Ulster, and studied medicine in McGill College, Montreal. In 183(5 he came to Toronto, where he suc- cessfully practised his jirofession until July, 1853. when he was appointed by the gov- ernment as medical superintendent of the Asylum for the Insane at Toronto. This position he filled with entire satisfaction until July, 1875, when he asked to be re- lieved of the resjionsibility. And here we may say. Dr. AVorkman deserves well of his adopted country, for no one could possibly have done more to bring the institution over which he presided for so many years to a comparative state of perfection, and to make the unfortunates under his care more comfortable and happy. Dr. Work- man is of a literary turn of mind, and has contributed largely to various journals in the United States and Canada. He is an associate member of several scientific socie- ties in Britain, Italy, the United States and Canada. He was one of the commissioners appointed by the government to enquire into the affairs of King's College and Upper Canada College in 1848-50. In religicm the doctor may l)e styled a progressive liberal, and is willing that all should search out the truth for themselves. He has generously supported the Unitarian Church in Toronto from its infancy. In consequence of close devotion to duty he has not been able to travel much, yet he is verv familiar with all parts of Canada. On the' 30th May, 1835, ho was married to Elizabeth Wassridge, a native of Sheffield. England. This estima- ble lady died 16th May, 1885. The fruit of this union has been six children, of whom three sons and two daughters now survive. €ampl>ell, Cieorse W., A.M., M.D., LL.D. — The late Dr. Camjjbell was born in Roseneath, Dumbartonshire, S.'otland, in 1810. He entered early on his medical studies, which he pursued in the Universi- ties of Glasgow and l^iiblin. After gradu- ating with distinction he came to Canada in May, 1833. and settled in Montreal. His marked aliility soon placed him in the fi'ont ranks of his profession, and gave liim a large share of city practice. The success following liim naturally led U> his lacing very frequently called in consultation by his confrercH, and for many years Ijefore his death very few cases of any importance were treated in Montreal Avithout the ad- vice of Dr. Cam2:)bell having been ol)tained. His sound knowledge of ])athology. and naturally clear insight into the varying shades of distinction between clinical con- ditions apt to resemble each othei-. made him an expert in diagnosis. Surgery was 206 A CYCLOPEDIA OF always his forte, and his great reputation chietiy made by many successful jichieve- ments in operative work. In 1835 Dr. Campbell was appointed to the chair of surgery in McCiill University, which posi- tion he continued to hold with credit to himself and great advantage to the school until 1875— exactly forty years — when, owing to failing health, he resigned. He was made dean of the faculty in 1860, tak- ing then the place of the late Dr. Holmes. The duties of this office he fulfilled even after his resignation of the chair of sur- gery, and it w is only in March, 1882, that Prof. Howard was appointed acting dean in order to relieve him of some necessary work and supply his place diiring temporary ab- sences. For nearly half a century Dr. Camp- belFs name was identified with the medical fa- culty of McGill University, and it was largely due to his ability as a teacher of surgery that this school attained the high degree of popularity wliich it has so long enjoyed. As its dean, he always jjossessed the fullest confidence of his colleagues, and under his able management its policy was always dignified and liberal, whilst internal dissen- sions were entirely unknown. Dr. Camjo- bell did not write much for the medical journals. " Deeds, not words," was his motto. But his work as a successful teach- er, and as a member of the corporation of the university, led to the appropriate be- stowal of the honorary degree of LL.D. His style of lecturing was free from all oratorical effort, but it was clear, forcible and imj^ressive. Hundreds of j^ractitioners tliroughout this continent and elsewhere owe the foundations of their surgical know- ledge to Dr. Campbell's early teaching. As the acknowledged head of the jjrofession in Montreal, ho was often called upon to entertain strangers and professional visitors, and most Avorthily did he ])erf()rm this duty. His house always held for such a true- li'arted Scotch reception, for he was a warm-hearted host, and his ]:)leasant, cheery manner, his sparkling reminiscences, h's stores of learning always bright, his animat- ed conversation, made an evening spent in his company always something to l)e remem- b(>red. H ■ took great ])leasure in seeing [lis friends around him, and all know well the kindly and generous hos]ntility which for years has l)een dispensed from his house liy himself and his talented family. For some years previous to his deatii l.)r. Camp- bell suffered from bronchitis, and was obli- ged to retire from active practice and give himself more rest. He had also suffered from slight attacks of pneumonia, and when in London, in 1882, on a visit, pneumonia again set in, but being somewhat better, he went to Edinburgh, where, however, more seri- oxis symptoms showed themselves, and he exi)ired on the 30th of May of that year. The example of such a man as Dr. Camp- bell cannot fail to be productive of great good. An accomjilished physician and skilful surgeon, an upright, honourable citizen, a kind and considerate friend to the poor, a loved and honcnired counsellor of the rich, zealous in business but scrupu- lously honourable, a firm protector of the dignity of his profession, and, above all, a thoroiighly consistent Christian gentleman. C4»l>iirii, CiJeorjje lluy^vard, M.l)., Physician and Surgeon, Fredericton, New Brunswick, was born at Sheffield, Sunbury county, N.B., on the 10th March, 1855. His parents were Moses Henry Coburn and Hepzibah Coburn. He received his literary education at the Sunbury Grammar School, and at the University of New Brun- swick. Having chosen medicine as a pro- fession, he s})ent some years at the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania, United States, in study, with that end in view, and graduated from that institution with honours in 1875. On his return to his ntitive province he be- gan the practice of his profession, and has succeeded in building up a large business. In 1883 Dr. Coburn was appointed health officer in Fredericton, and still retains the position. In 1885 he was chosen a member of the Board of Health for the same city: and in 1887 he was chosen chairman of the board. During the same year he was ap- pointed a meml)er of the Provincial l^oard of Health. In religitm he is an adherent of the ^Methodist church; and in politics is a Li1)eral. On the li)th June, 1878. he was married to Mary (Tainl)le, of Philadelphia, U.S. Their family consists of two children. Foster, JiiiiicN of the American revolution : and his mother, Christina Foster, was of Scotch descent, liaving come when about seven years of age with her parents from Scot- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 207 land, and the family settled in the same province. James Foster received a common school education, and studied law with the Hon. Alexander James. On the lOth of May, 1864, Mr. Foster was admitted an at- torney-at-law and barrister, of her Majesty's Supreme Court of Judicature; and the 20th of May, 1865, he became a partner with Mr. James in his legal business, and this part- nership continued until Mr. James was elevated, in January, 1877, to the Supreme Court of Xova Scotia, as judge in E(piity, when a dissolution took place. Mr. Foster then took his brother, William R. Foster, into partnership with him, and now the old business is carried on by the new firm. On the 23rd February, 1867, he was appointed a notary public ; and on the 9th of October, 1878, he was made a Queen's counsel by the Nova Scotia government. In September, 1863, Mr. Foster was appointed first lieu- tenant of the 6th regiment, Halifax county militia : and on the 19th of June. 1865, was promoted to the captaincy of the 5tli com- pany of the same corps. He attended the Military Sahool of Instruction at Halifax, and passed an examination, taking a second- class certificate for candidates for commis- sions in the active militia. November 12th, 1869. In August, 1883, he was appointed major in the reserve militia, of the Nova Scotia regimental division of the county of Halifax, from No. 7 company di\asion. From May, 1879 to May 1882, he held the oflice of recorder and stipendiarv magistrate of Dartmouth ; and on the 29th of May, 1879, was appointed justice of the peace for the county of Halifax. On the 6th of July, 1884, he was made a commissioner for arranging and prejoaring for the press, and indexing the fifth series of the Revised Statutes of Nova Scotia; and in August, 1886, was ap- pointed registi-ar of the Court of Pro];)ate ft)r the countv of Halifax. From June. 1877, to March, 1886, Mr. Foster held tlie position of vice-consul for the Netherlands, at Halifax. During the years 1880 and 1881. he nego- tiated A\'ith several railway syndicates, for the purpose of carrying out the scheme for the amalgamation and comjjletion of the Nova Scotia railways, ])ro23osed by the Local government of the time ; and in 1881, he was authorized by Cvrus W. Field and as- sociates, who were large ownei'S of the Pictou coal mines, to negotiate pro])osals for that purjiose with the Local government and the hite Sir Hu2;h Allan, then owner of the Eastern Extension Railway in Nova Scotia — one of the railways in question. The government was, however, pledged to what was known as the Plunkett syndicate, which, finally fell through, and the govern- ment was defeated in the general elections of the following year, 1882. The policy of the succeeding government being averse to the scheme for railway amalgamation, and railway interests becoming in the meantime much depressed, Mr. Field and his friends did not care to renew their proposals. Mr. Foster was brought np and has always been a member of the Church of England. He has represented the parish of Dartmouth, as a lay delegate in the Synod of the Diocese of Nova Scotia aud Prince Edward Island, since April 13th. 1874; and on the 23rd of April. 1879, was made one of the executive com- mittee of the Synod. During the years 1877. 1883, and 1886, he represented the same diocese, as one of its delegates in the Pro- vincial Synod of Canada. Mr. Foster is a Liberal in j^olitics; aud at the general elec- tion in 1882, was a candidate for the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, but failed to secure his election, having been defeated bv a trifling majority. Barker, Frederic Eustace, M. A., D.C.L., Q.C.. M.P.. St. John. New Bruns- -\vick. F. E. Barker is a native of Sheffield, in the county of Sunbnry. in the province of New BrunsAvick, where he was born on the 27th December, 1838. His father, the late Enoch Barker, has been dead for some years. The family settled in Sheffield at the time of the American revolution, having l)efore that resided in Massachusetts. Mi'. Barker, jr.. was educated at the Sunbury Grammar School. 2)rincipany under the tuition of the Rev. George S. Milligan. M.A.. now superintendent of Educati(}n in Newfoundland. He matriculated at King's College, Fredericton (now the Universitv of NeAV Brunswick), in June. 1853, and graduated as B. A. in June. 1S56. At his degree examination the examiners volun- tarily recommended him for honours, which the College Council accordingly granted. He was admitted to the degree of M.A. in June. 1858: B. C. L. in I)eceinl)er. ISCI ; and D. C. L. in June. 1S66. He took all these degrees in regular coni-se from the University of New Brunswick, an institution in Avhich he has always taken an active in- terest. Mt'. Barker was principally insti'ii- mental in the formation of "The Associated 208 .1 CYCLOPEDIA OF Alumni of the University of N.B.," was for some time president of that body, and one of its representatives in the University Senate. He is also one of the Ci^dl Law Examiners for this University. In June, 1856, Mr. Barker was entered as a law student with the late Justice Fisher, then a ])raetising barrister at Fredericton. In June. 1860. ho was admitted an attorney of the Sujoreme Court, and a year later he was called to the bar : and in April. 1873. he was api)ointed a Q. C. by the Dominion government. Mr. Barker commenced prac- tice at Grand Falls, in New Bruns^\ick. but only remained there a few months, when he removeel to the city of St. John, where he has since re.sided and practised. In 1863. he formed a partnership with the jaresent Justice Wetmore I then one of the leaders of the N. B. bar). Avhich continued until that gentleman went on the bench in 1870. In 1875. Mr. Barker was appointed by the Provincial government one of the com- missioners for consolidating the Statutes of Xew Bruns\\'ick. Mr. Barker at one time tocjk an active interest in militia matters. In May, 1864:, he was gazetted ensign : in August of the same year lieutenant ; in February. 1865. captain, and in July. 1868. major in the St. John city Light Infantry. He has ])een for many years one of the benchers and a member of the council of the Barristers' Society of N. B.. and a mem- ber of the council of the St. John Law Society. He is now ^ice-iJresident of the Barristers' Society : president of the St. John I'rldge and Raihv;iy Extension Ccjm- pany. ;nid one of the directors of the St. •Tohu (xas Company. Mr. Barker has al- ways bell inured to what is now known as tlie Liberal-Conservative jjarty in politics. Wlien tlie retirement of Sir Leonard Tillev. in ()etobi>r. Iss5. caused a \'acaney in the representation for the city of St. .Tohn in the House of Commons. ^Ir. Barker was almost unanimously electeil as the Liberal- Ccmservative candidate by a large and in- rtuential coinmitlee uouiinated to clioose a candidiite : and at the election whieli took ])lace on 2 4th November. Iss."). lie was elected to the House of Commons l)y a majority of 112. about the same as that usually obtained l)y Sir Le()nard. his jjre- decessor. Mr. Barker is a member of the I'hurch of Eii'-rland. He has at times visited the chief cities in Great Britain. United States and Canada. He was married (first i at St. John, in October, 1865. to Elizabeth Julia, daughter of the late Edward Lloyd, of the E. E. ci^-il staff, who died ui January, 1874 : and (second) to Mary Ann, daughter of the late B. E. Black, of Halifax, and niece and adopted daughter of the late Justice Wilmot. who was the first lietitenant- gover- nor of New Bruns-s\ick after confederation. By the first marriage Mr. Barker has one son and two daughters, and by the latter two daughters. ^Iur|>liy, Owcii, Quebec, M.P.P. for Qtiebec West, was bom at Stoneham, in the pro%'ince of Quebec, on 9th December, 1829. He is descended from a long line of illustrious ancestors, as may be seen on re- ferring to the " Chronicles of Leinster." This authority says; '"The O'Murphys, the O'Murehoes, or Murphy, are descended from Henry Feling, chieftain of the ^lurroes. now called Macamores, in the Barony of Ballaghkeen. in the county of Wexford. They were in possession of it before the English invasion. This Feling was son of Cuma-Kinsellagh. King of Leinster. in the fifth century. The head of the family, in 1634, lived in Tublierlimmach. He was Connell O'Murchoe, gentleman, the eld- est son of Donnell More, * The O'Mtirchoe,' son of Art, son of Tiege. This Connell died in 1634, and was btiried in Castle Ellis [the bttrial-})lace of Mr. Murphy's family in the cotmty of Wexford. — Ed.]. He left five sons: Tiege was the eldest, he remained in Wexford : also James, who pos- sessed an estate in Killincoolly. taken from him by Cromwell. Art went to county Louth in 1641: his descendants remained in the north. Another, named Laughlin. lived in Ballyoughna."' The Murphys of Ballain- onlart House, in Wexford, have been known for generations as one of the most ])opular families in that district, and we believe we are correct in affirming that Owen Murphy's father was the only member of the family who settled in this country, which he did in the early part of the ])resent century. Many ])eople still living in the city of Quebec re- mem1)er well the generous and liberal spirit that at all times actuated him. and this, combined with his peculiarly rich attain- ments and cultivated mind, rendered him a hitchly p<^})ular citizen, and when death came, caused him to l)e greatly regretted. Xone the less eminent were his three bro- thers, all of whom attained for themselves verv hiprh ecclesiastical honors and di"- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 209 nity, one of whom being for many years bishop of Ferns, in Ireland. Owen Murphy was educated under Robert H. Scott, of Edinburgh, a gentleman of high culture, with a reputation far above ordinary as a tutor. His commercial training was receiv- ed in the offices of Eoss, Shuter I'i: Co., and H. J. Noad et Co., two of the most import- ant lumber, shiji-owuiug, produce and mill- ing firms then in the city or province of Quebec. -Mr. Murphy's aptitude and zeal in his profession gained for him the com- mendation of his employers, and the result was that he soon became not only a fa- vourite with them, but with the public generally. He was elected to serve in the city council, as representative for St. Paul's ward, the most important business section of the city, and for several years faithfully served the citizens in that capacity. In 1874, as a mark of the high esteem in which he was held, he was chosen mayor of the ancient capital ; and as a further mark of esteem he was again, in 187(5, elected for another term of two years. During the period he occupied the position of chief magistrate he exhibited such zeal for the city's welfare that on his retirement from office he carried with him the esteem and best wishes of his fellow citizens. x\nd here we may say that the improvements sug- gested by Lord Dufferin, when he was gov- ernor-general of Canada, and which have made Quebec one of the most beautiful places for the tourist in which to spend a few days, were suggested when Mr. jMurphy was mayor, and through combined efforts they were carried out to a successful conclu- sion. In August, 1875, while Mr. Murphy was mayor of Quebec, he paid a visit to Britain, and of course to the land of his forefathers. The Wexford Inlependent thus kindly alludes to the event: The Mayoh of (Juebkc at Wexfohi). — This respected faiictionaiy, a'^companied by tlie may- oress of (Quebec, arrived here on Saturday last from Dublin. His worshij) is staying' at tue West Gate Hotel, and is a nephew of the late Ri^'ht Rev. Ur. Murphy, the estimabh; and lamented bishop of the diocese, the truly apustolic divine, the scholar, and in every sense the well-bred Irish ' gentleman. He is also a nephew of the ci-derant pastor of Castlecomer, in the diocese of 0-sarv, the late Very Reverend Lawrence Murphy, and of the late Rev. Michael Murphy, for many years the zealous collaborateur of Father Corrin in the pastoral char,'e of Wexford. Al- thoui,di born on a foreis^n soil, Mr. Murphy ardent- ly loves the land of his ancestors — not with wild .and misdirected enthusiasm, but like his estimable M uncles, with jud<(ment, discretion and sincerity ; and in sajun;,' that he h:is inherited many of their 'ii tin^'ui^^iied characteristics, we pay him the highest compliment in our i>ower Ui bestow. At the great international ban(iuet given by the cor- Ijoration of J.ondon (En^ilantl) lately to the great munici])al chiefs of the wIkjIc civilized world, the mayor of Quebec was chosen to return thanks, not only for the Dominion of Canada, but for the municipalities of the United Stages, and the other rising nations of the western world. ]Mr. Murphy is a justice of the peace for the city and district of Quebec; a director of the Quebec Central Ilailroad ; has been pre- sident of the St. Patrick's Society; presi- dent of St. Patrick's Literary Society; for four years president of the Quebec Turf Club, and was one of the committee of man- agement of St. Patrick's Church, prior to the change being made in the temporal ad- ministration of that church. In 1880 he was elected president of the Quebec Board of Trade, and the following year was again unanimously elected for another term. At the general election held in 1866 he was elected to represent Queljec West in the local legislature. In politics he is a Liberal, but is in favour of the national policy. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married in 1857 to Elizabeth, daughter of the late James 1 Loughry. Siiiilli, Rev. II. Percy AV., Rector j of St. Paul's Church, l)unn%"ille, Ontario, j was born at Islington, L(mdon, England, on the 13th September, 1837. His parents, William and Mary Smith, are both ahve, and residing in Canada. Rev. Mr. Smith received his early education at private schools in his birthplace, and when thirteen years of age entered a wholesale drapery establishment, where he continued for about seven years. This business not being en- tirely in accordance with his ta.ste. he aban- doned it, and entered St. Augustin's College, Canterbury, to study for the ministry. In February, 1864, he bade farewell to Eng- land, and set sail on the Bohemian steam- ship for Canada. When eighteen days oiit the Bolieiiiutn struck the rocks near Port- land, and became a total wreck, and through this mishap he unfortunately lost his library and outfit. Shortly after reaching Canada, in 1864, he was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Ontario, and two years afterwards, priest by the Bisho^T of Montreal. For the past ten years he has been rector of St. Paul's Church, at DunnviUe, and is very much res23ected by his parishioners. He 210 A CYCLOPEDIA OF was married in 1866 to Lizzie, third daugh- ter of the late Colonel Edwards, of March, Ontario. IVIackay, Alexander Howard, B.A., B.Sc, F.S.Sc. (Lond.j. Pictoii, Nova Scotia. Alexander Mackay, the paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, and the progenitor of a numerous family, many of whom are favourably known in Can- ada as members of the learned j^rofessions, was Ijorn in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, in 1762. He emigrated to Mount Dalhousie, in the county of Pictou. ]Sova Scotia, in 1822, took \\p several hundred acres of land for farming, and in 1847 died, loved and revered by a large community who looked u}) to him as a patriarchal chief. His second son. John Mackay. was born in Sntherland- .'5hire, in 1810. and emigrated with his father and the rest of the family in 1822. In 1836 he travelled through a portion of the United States of America, and Ontario, in Canada, where he took iip some land ; but finally settled down on the old homestead. In 1847 he married Barbara Maclean, who was born at Roger's Hill, in the county of Pictou, in 1828. Her father, John Maclean, was born in the west of Scotland, about 1758, and died at Eoger's Hill in 1848. From this marriage came a family of seven ])oys and three girls. The eldest, Alexander Howard Mackay, was born on the 19th May, 1848. His father was a man of remarkable probity of character, of very superior intellectual powers, and enthusiastically patriotic. In addition to the farm, a mechanic's shop. with a turner's and cabinetmaker's tools and machinery, supplied the ways and means. There was no luxury, however. Hard man- ual work, alternated ■with study, was used in tievelopiug the A'arious and versatile pow- ers of the whole man. The play of mechan- ical ingenuity, original constructive effort, and acute investigation, tilled the hours of recreation. This family discipline Avas a ])erfect success. Tlie father. John Mackay. died February 22ud. 187!t. Tlie motlier is living in good h'-alth atthcdntc of writing. August. 1SS7. Yountr Alexander could read and write before lie went to tlie ])nblic school, which was two miles distant. Tlie farm and the school divided his time: but the leisure hour f(.)und him constructing a SfXtaut. tlu'odolitc. or transit instrument, which h(> never ])reviou-!y saw. ;ind with which he made remarka])ly aci-urale meas- nrctufnts : or making some a])])aratns to demonstrate a law in physics or chemistry ; or exploring the natural history of the pic- turesque glen running through the home- stead. In 1865 the trustees of the school section pressed him to take charge of their school. Although he had no license, never having thought of becoming a teacher, he accepted the position. In 1866 he graduated at the head of his class from the Provincial Normal School at Truro. In 1867 he at- tended the Pictou Academy, and at the provincial examination of teachers follo'wing, won the first place. In the fall of 1869 he matriculated in Dalhousie College, and for fotir years was a leading prizeman in his classes. He graduated aB.A. in April,1873, with special honours in mathematics and jihysics. He was also the valedictorian of his class, and was for the last three years of his undergraduate course an editor of the college paper. The DaUioitsie Gazette^ He also took classes in the School of Sci- ence m the Provincial Museum, under the provincial geologist. Dr. Honeyman; and in the Medical College, then affiliated with l^alhousie. After graduation he was ap- pointed j^rincipal of the County Academy at Annapolis lioyal. and a few months later received the unsolicited appointment to the principalship of the Pictou Academy and public schools of Pictoti. which position he holds at present. He assumed charge of the Pictou Academy. November 1st, 1873, since which time the staff' and attendance of the institution have been more than dou- bled. In 1874 he was elected president of the Education Convention of Nova Scotia. a position to which he was re-elected. From this time he has taken a very active and forward part in promoting educational re- form thrcmgh the press and otherwise. In 1876 he spent a ])ortion of the year in study- ing the educational apj^liances in the lead- ing cities of the eastern United States. His eff'orts culminated in 1881. in the erection of the present Pictou Academy, one of the finest and best e([uip])ed academic Iniildin^s in Canada. Its facilities for scientific teach- ing are greater than are those of m;my colleges. In INSO he graduated a 11 Sc. from the University of Halifax, with first class honours in biology. In addition to his educatitjual work, he has also found time to engage in original scientific investigation. His papers or work may be found in the •• I'roceedings" of several scientific societies. His ])o]iulai scientific writings have been CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 211 numerous and widely diffused. In 1884 he was elected a member of committee of the Biological section of the British Association meeting in Montreal. In 1886 he Avas elect- ed a fellow of the Society of Science, Let- ters and Art, London. And the same year he was elected president of the Alumni of Dalhousie Colle,^e and University ; and also, president of the Nova Scotia Slimmer School of Science. He knows no rest, for at the same time he is a member of a multitude of local societies, and in every sense an active citizen. He is a member of the Kirk Session of St. Andrew's Presbyterian Church in Pic- tou; but also contributes to other denomin- ations. He believes in a catholic union of all Christian effort, and a scientific expansion of religious j'hilosophy. In local politics he independently supports educational re- form. In Dominion politics he avows a pre- ference for the jjolicy of the Lilieral-Conser- vative party. He is a Britisher, first, against the whole world; find a Canadian all the time, and will fight. He has just started the " Educational Review " (of which he is Nova Scotian editor), in company vnth G. U, Hay. Ph.B., of St. John, New Brunswick, and Princijjal Anderson, of the Prince of ^\'^ales College, Prince Edward Island. In 1882 he married Maude Augusta Johnstone, only daughter of Dr. George Moir Johnstone, M.R.C.S., London, and his wife, ii^e Sarah Mortimer Smith, of Pictou town. Archibald, AI>rHiii IV'ewooinb, was born in Stewiacke, Nova Scotia, June 2nd, ISIS:*, and died in Halifax, November 27, 1883. He was the seventh son of Daniel Archibald, J. P., and Rebecca Newcombe, his wife, both of whom are still living (De- cember, 1886 j. Daniel Archibald is a great grandson of Samuel Archibald, the second of four brothers from Londonderry, Ireland, who settled in Colchester county, in 1762. This family has ]iroduced many distinguish- ed men, including among others the late S. G. W. Archibald, Master of the Rolls, and his two sons, Sir Thomas D. and Sir Ed- ward M. Archi])ald, Sir Adams G. Archibald and Senator T. D. Archibald. Mr. Archibald attended the schools of his native 2)lace in his boyhood, and subsecpiently j^ursued his classical studies for a couple of years under the tuition of his brother, the Rev. E. N. Archibald, M.A. In 1867 he took charge of the jjublic school at Musquodoboit, Hali- fax coimty ; in May, 1876, he was appoint- ed principal of Richmond School, Halifax city; and in November, 1879, principal of Albro School. He resigned this latter po- sition in July, 1881, on his appointment to the office of secretary and sujierintendent of colportage for the British American Book and Tract Society, with headquarters in Halifax. In the discharge of his new duties, Mr. Archibald visited all the centres of population in the lower provinces and addressed public meetings. Early in 1883- he 2)roceeded to Britain, on business con- nected with the society, and to present its- claims to the British jDiiblic, being accom- panied on this tour by his wife and son. Mr. Archibald was invited to speak in many of the principal churches in Edinburgh and Glasgow, as well as before the United Pres- byterian Synod and the Free Church As- sembly, which met in Edinburgh in May. He was also ^^resent by invitation and spoke at the anniial missionary breakfast of the Religious Tract Society, held in the Cannon Street Hotel, London. The interest awak- ened by Mr. Archibald's addresses was very gratifying, and resulted in his obtaining liberal subscriptions to the funds of the so- ciety. On his return to Halifax in th'^ au- tumn, Mr. Archiljald was able to jDresent a most satisfactory report of his mission, and received the warmest thanks of the commit- tee. Shortly after resummg his work in Nova Scotia, he was seized with tvphoid fever, and although a very strong man, he finally succumbed to the attack. Many pub - lie bodies, as well as private indiAaduals on both sides of the Atlantic, gave formal ex- pression to their deep sense of the loss sus- tained in his death. Mr. Archibald was a ready and persuasive speaker and a good writer. Many of his essays and addresses have been published. He always took a lead- ing part in educational, temperance. Sab- bath-school and all religi(MTs work. As presi- dent of the Halifax Sunday-school Union, he occupied the chair at the great centen- ary meeting held in Halifax, Jiily 3rd,lS80; and at the time of his death he was a mem- ber of the executive committee of the Young- Men's Christian Association of Halifax. Mr. Archibald married, Decemljer llth. 1874. Mary Mellish, third daughter of James L. Mellish, of Pownal, P.E.I. They had one son, Raymond Clare, born October 8th, 1875. Mrs. Archibald was re-appointed chief preceptress of Mount Allison Ladies' College, Sackville, N.B., in 1885, having held that position j^revious to her marriage. 21 .4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF Grant, Rev. R. X., Pastor of the Presbyterian Church, Orillia, was born in the neighbourhood of Peterborough, On- tario. His father, Alexander Grant, was a native of Sutherbmdshire, Scotland. He came to Canada in ]So2, and began his Ca- nadian life in what was then called the New- castle district, where 'he taught school for about nine years. In 1840 he moved to that part of Western Ontario known in those days as tlie Huron Tract, and settled in the township of North Easthope, now one of the wealthiest townships in the county of Perth. Alexander Orant was a man of much more than average ability and attain- ments. His services were soon sought by the settlers around him, and he was elected to the positions of township clerk and trea- surer for several years. He afterwards re- presented his township in the county coun- cil for twelve successive years, and finished his l(jng municipal career in the warden's chair in 1859. He was frequently urged to stand as a candidate for parliamentary honours, and it was believed by his friends that he could easily have carried his county in the Liberal interest at the general elec- tion of 1854 had he entered upon the con- test. Like many of his countrymen, Alex- ander Grant had a fair share of the military spirit. He was one of the oldest and most enthusiastic captains of his battalion, and was the first to offer his services during the Trod difficulty. Though a decided economist in ordinary matters of public expenditure, he was always in favour of giving liberally for the defence of the country. He had several relatives and connections in the Highland regiments that took part in the Crimean war, and his enthusiasm knew no bounds when news came that the kilted soldiers had carried the old flag to victory. Hi died in January, 1863, and his remains were followed to their last resting place by large numbers of sorrowing friends, among whom were representative men from all parts of the surrounding country. Mrs. Alexander Grant, mother of the subj( ct of the present sketch, was t)orn in Wick, Caith- ness-shire, Sct^tland. She was, though for many years an invalid, a woman of strong character and high ambition, and nothing gratified her so much as to see her family rise to positions of honour and usefulness. Their otiier children were Alexander Grant, barrister, late mayor of Stratford, who died abo\it tw(j years ago — ^Nlrs. Hislop, wife of the late Rev. .J. K. Hislop. and Miss Grant. Both daughters are at present residents of the young city of Stratford. Having receiv- ed such an education as the common schools of those days covild afford, Robert was sent to the Grammar School of the county — an institution which was then in its infancy, but which has now become one of the lead- ing collegiate institutes of the province. Tlie scholars met in a small room in the north-eastern angle of the court house. Some of the boys who met in that room have since made a fairly good mark in Canada. Among others might be mentioned James P. Woods, the present county judge of Perth, and James Fisher, the well known barrister of Winnipeg. The school was then and for many years afterwards taught by C. J. McGregor, M. A., the first mayor of the young city of Stratford, Following the usual line of aspiring young men in those early days, young Grant left school when he got a first-class certificate, and went into the teaching profession to earn some money, his intention being to study law. One of the trustees of the school he taught was James Trow, M. P. , the present popular member for South Perth, and one of the whips of the Liberal party in the House of Commons. Having taught for a year, he entered the Georgetown Collegiate Institute, in 185S, and continued his studies chiefly under the Rev. Malcolm Macvicar,the pre- sent principal of McMaster Hall, Toronto. In the following year he taught for a few months in the village of Millbank, in his old county, and began the study of Greek under the Rev. W. T. McMullen, then pas- tor of the Presbyterian congregation of Mill- bank, and for the last twenty-seven years pastor of Knox Church, Woodstock. For reasons which need not be given here, Mr. Grant had abandoned his long cherished ambition to become a lawyer, and had de- cided to enter the ministry of the Presby- terian church. Not the least potent factor in bringing about the change was the earnest searchingand thoroughly evangelical preach- ing of the youthful Presbyterian pastor of Millbank who was then beginning his long and honoured ministry. In 1859, Mr. Grant entered Knox College, Toronto, and pursued his literary studies under Prof. George Paxton Young, then of Knox Col- lege, and in L^niversity College, Toronto. His theological teachers were Prof. Young, and Dr-5. Burns and Willis, for all of whom he left the college cherishing feelings of pro- found respect. Graduating in April, 18G5, he was soon afterwards licensed by the Presbytery of Paris, In the autumn of that year he recei\^d calls from the Presbyterian congregations of Markham, Picton, and the CAXADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 213 united congregations of Waterdown and Wellington Square. The call from the last named congret^ation was accepted, and the ordination and induction took place on the 23rd of January, 1800. For five years and a half Mr. Grant laboured in this field with a good measure of success, and did his full share of work for his neighbours, espe- cially in Hamilton where his services were often sought on the platform. He was the greater part of the time a member of the Board of Education for the county of Went- worth. Under his ministry two young per- sons united with the church whose names are now well known to the Presbyterians of Canada— the Rev. W. A. Wilson, M.A., one of the missionaries in India, and Mrs. Builder, wife of the Rev. ]Mr. Builder, another missionary in the same distant field. Owing to ill health caused partly by driving between his congregations, Mr. Grant decid- ed that he must change his field of labour, and in July, 1871, accepted a call from Knox Church, Ingersoll. Here he laboured for nearly eleven years, identifying himself with all the interests of his town, and doing a con- siderable amount of work in the pulpit and on the platform for bis neighbours. In 1«77 he received a call from St. Andrew's Church, Chatham, offering some tempting induce- ments, among others a considerable increase in salary. The congregation of Knox Church strongly resisted the proposed translation, and in addition to the steps usually taken in such matters, presented a petition to the presbytery, signed by the whole congrega- tion, asking that their pastor's services be retained. Mr. Grant declined the call, but afterwards had sorhe grave doubts as to whether he had taken the proper course. In the early part of 1882, some informal steps were taken by a number of persons to unite the two Presbyterian congregations of In- gersoll. Mr. Grant had no confidence in the movement — a movement which after- wards turned out a disastrous failure — but not wishing to oppose it, determined to re- move to another field of labour. In May he received a unanimous and enthusiastic call from the Presbyterian congregation (;f Orillia, which he accepted, and was induct- ed and warmly welcomed on the I9th of July. Previous to leaving Ingersoll, a large and influential farewell meeting was held at which all the religious denominations of the town were represented. Mr. Grant was presented with three hundred and seventy- five dollars as a farewell gift, and Mrs. Grant with a valuable silver service. In the early part of 1880, Mr. Grant, be- lieving that his alma mater was placed at a disadvantage on account of not having the power to confer degrees in divinity, pre- pared an overture to the general assembly, asking that this power be granted to Knox and the Presbyterian College of Montreal. He supported the overture in the presby- tery of Paris and in the synod of Hamilton and London by both of which it was adopt- ed, and sent on to the supreme court. After a lively debate the prayer of the overture was granted by the Assembly, and the neces- sary legislation by the legislatures of Ontario and Quebec at their next session. On the 9th of May, ISGG, Mr. Grant was united in marriage with Marianne McMullen, third daughter of the late A. McMullen, of Fergus, and sister of the Rev. W. T. McMullen, of Woodstock, and James McMullen, M. P. for North Wellington. Besides minister- ing to the large and influential congrega- tion of which he is pastor, Mr. Grant is a voluminous contributor to the press. He has also written about a dozen popular lec- tures, some of which have been frequently delivered. Cliaiiveau, Hon. Jii§tice Alexan- dre, B.C.L. , Q. C, Justice of the Court of Quarter Sessions, Quebec, second son of Hon. P. J . 0. Chauveau, Q. C. , D. C.L. , now sherifi" of Montreal, and late prime minister of the Province of Quebec, in 18G7, first provincial government, and ex-speaker of the Senate, was born on the 23rd day of February, 1847. He was educated at the Jesuits' and Mont- real Colleges, at Laval and McGill Univer- sities, at which latter he took the degree of B.C.L. in 1867. He studied law with S, Lelievre, Q.C., in Quebec, and with the late Sir George Cartier, in Montreal ; and was admitted to the bar of his native pro- vince, on the 4th of March, 18(38, and prac- tised in partnership with the late Hon. Justice AUeyn up to the date of his appoint- ment to his present position, viz.. Justice of the Court of General Sessions. Mr. Chau- veau entered the political arena at the early age of twenty-four, and contested the county of Rimouski, in April, 1872, against Dr. Fiset, and was elected by a large ma- jority, as the ministerial candidate. His father was then premier of the province. During the sessions of 1872-73-74, Mr. Chauveau gave an independent support to the Conservative government, although often voting with the opposition during the last session of that parliament. He was unanimously returned by the same constitu- ency at the general election of 1875 as an independent member, and continued dur- 214 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ing the sessions of 1875-76-77 to judge political questions on their merits when brought before the legislature. He was appointed sulicitor-general in the Joly ad- ministratior, in March, 1878, after the coup d'etat of Mr. Letellier, and was re-elected as such at the general election of the same year. On the 19th of March, 1879, he was appointed provincial secretary and registrar for the province of Quebec, which office he held until the 12th of September in the same year, when, after the adjournment of the house for the space of two months, during the dead-lock caused by the refusal of the LeL'islative Council to pass the sup- i ply bill, Mr. Chauveau sent in his resigna- | tion. The Joly government was defeated on the 29th of October, 1879, Mr. Chau- veau, with a number of former supporters of the administration, voting with the ma- jority on a motion presented by Hon. Mr. Lynch, favouring a coalition as the only re- medy to settle the difficult position of the province brought about by the fact that both parties were unable to obtain in the house sufficient strength to form a strong admini- stration. On the 15th of January, 1880, Hon. Mr. Chauveau was appointed Judge of the Sessions for the province of Quebec, and is also a commissioner of the provincial police force. Hon. Mr Chauveau was twice elected- 1884-85 — president of the Societe St. Jean Baptiste, the French-Cana- dian national society in Quebec. He is also a commissioner to act judicially in ex- tradition matters, under the Extradition Act of Canada. He married on the 1st of August, 1871, AdMe, eldest daughter of Hon. U. J. Tesi-ier, judge of the Court of Queen'.s Bench. Hc'atin;^:, Edward llciir j , Civil En- gineer, Halifax, NovaSc been deprived of the tender care of his mother, who died when he was only sixteen months old, was adopted by his uncle, W. W. Lord, who afterwards provided for all his wants and set him afloat in the world. When he was five years old his uncle and aunt re- moved to Charlottetown and took the boy with them. And here they sent him to a private school ; next to the Central Acade- my (now the Prince of Wales' College), and then to the academy at Sackville, New Brunswick, where he received a thorough mercantile training. At eighteen he left school, but finding his health considerably impaired through confinement and close study, he resolved to take a few sea voyages with the object of restoring his health, and for three years thereafter he sailed in one of his uncle's ships trading between Char- lottetown and England. In 1856 he entered into partnership with his uncle, under the firm name of W. W. Lord & Co., general merchants and shipowners, and this partner- ship lasted until 1864, during which time they built and owned ships which traded to the West Indies, to the southern cotton ports, to the River Plata, to Great Britain, and to the East Indies, when his uncle re- tired, and he continued the business under the old name, until 1878. In 1864 Mr. Lord joined the first battery of volunteer artillery, and in lb68 he was appointed to the com- mand of the second battery, which position he held until 1873, when Prince Edward Island became part of the Dominion of Can ada, at which time he applied to be, and was placed on the retired list, with the rank of major. When the question of providing Prince Edward Island with a railway was before the public Mr. Lord took a very active part in the agitation, and helped to carry the measure. He, too, was found among the ranks of those who went in for confederation ; and when the people agreed to throw in their lot with the other provin- ces, he chose the party led by Sir John A. Macdonald, and has ever since supported it on patriotic grounds. In 1859 Mr. Lord joined St. John's lodge, and has continued to keep up his connection with the Masonic order ever since. In 1881 he was appointed agent of the Marine department for the province, and retired from active mercantile life to attend to the duties of the office. His connection with the shipping business enabled him in his younger days to see a good part of the world ; and he made no less than nineteen round trips across the At- lantic. He spent three winters in London, Liverpool, and other towns in England, and also visited the Highlands of Scotland, part of Ireland, and other places in the old land, combining business with pleasitre. In politi- cal matters, as we have seen, he is a Liberal- Conservative ; and in religious matters, though brought up in the Wesleyan Method- ist fold, he saw fit, in li"76, to change to that of the Presbyterian church. In 185'J, he was married to Carrie M. Rich, daughter of Lathley Rich, cf Frankfort, Maine, who died in 1864, leaving a little boy who sur- vived his mother only seventeen months. Four years after, in 1869, he married Mar- garet P. S. Gray, daughter of colonel the Hon. John Hamilton Gray, chairman of the first convention called in Prince Edward Island to consider the question of confedera- tion. This gentleman, in 1869, held the posi- tion of adjutant-general for the province of Prince Edward Island, and at the time was 220 A CYCLOPEDIA OF well known throughout the Dominion as a large hearted, prominent public man. A few years ago he retired into private life. Mr. Lord has a family of three boys and two girls alive, and three boys dead. His uncle and aunt are still alive— his uncle beinu now (18.S7) eighty-nine years and his aunt eighty-seven years oi age — and having been married over sixty years. This venerable couple are now eiijoying the fruits of a happy life spent in each other's society. They are highly respected by all in the city in which they have spent the greater part of their useful lives. They never had any children of their own, but many neverthe- less bless them this day for assistance and council given them in the past. Hon. W. W. Lord, we may add, was for more than thirty years an active politician, and sat in the l()cal legislature as representative for his native county, and took an active part in council with such leaders as Coles, Pope, Whelan, Mooney and others in all measures that had for their object the good of his country. iNIrs. Lord is an active worker in the church, and prominent in all works of charity and mercy. HcLcod, Hon. Xeil., MA., Char- lottetown. Prince Edward Island, Member of the Executive Council, M.P. P. for Ohar- lottetown and P^oyalty, is of Scotch descent, and was born on the loth December, 1842, at Uigg, Queens county. Prince Edward Island. His parents were Roderick Mc- Leod and Flora McDonald. He was edu- cated at Acadia University, Wolf ville, Nova Scotia, and received from that institution the degrees of B. A. and M.A. He chose law as a profession, and was called to the bar of Prince Edward Island in 1872. He is now a member of the well known firm of McLeod,Mor8on,and McQuarrie, with offices at Charlottetown and Summerside, P.E.L Mr. McLeod was first elected to the House of Assembly at the general election in ]879 ; was sworn in a member of the Executive Council, and on the 11th March, of the same year, appointed provincial secretary and treasurer. This office he held until March, 1880, when he resigned, with the object of applying "liraself lUDTe closely to his professional duties, but still remained a member of the govennuent without a port- folio. He was re-elected to the Assembly at the general election of 1882, and again at the last general election, and is now a mem- ber (if the government. Hon. Mr. McLeod holds the position of chairman of the Poor- house Commissioners, and is also a trustee of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum. In politics he is a Liberal-Conservative, and in re- ligious matters he has, from youth up, been a member of the Baptist denomination. He stands high among his fc-Uow citizens as a man f James Hayden, of Vernon River, Piince Edward Island. L.e ITIay, f^con Pniuitliilc, Jlommede Lett res, Quebec, Chief Librarian of the Le- gislative Assembly of Quebec, was born at Lotbiniere, on the 5th of January, 1837. His ancestor was Michel Le May, or Le ]Mee, who came to Canada more than two centu- ries ago, from the diocese of Angers, France. He settled, in 166G, at Three Rivers, where he was a farmer, and in 108 1, removed to Lotbiniere. Some members of the family are still residing in the latter place. He had thirteen children, whose descendants are scattered over the Dominion and the United States. The father of our subject was Lean Le May, farmer and merchant; and his mo- ther, Louise Anger. They had a family of fourteen children. Le )n Pamphile Le May received his edtication at the Quebec Semi- nary, studied law for some time, and then went to the United States, in search of a fortune. At the end of two years he re- turned to Canada, and engaged himself as a clerk in a mercantile house, in Sherbrooke, Quebec province. He soon discovered that he had no taste for mercantile pursuits, and soon after we find him in Ottawa, invested with the cassock, and studying theology. In 1861, dyspepsia compelled him to leave the cloister. In 1802, he was given employment as a French translator in the Legislative Assem- bly, Quebec, at the same time resuming his legal studies. He was admitted to practice in 1805, and went to reside in his native place, Lotbiniere. In 1872, he returned to Que- bec, and took the position he occupies at the present time — chief librarian of the Legisla- tive Assembly. As Mr. Le May is a " book- worm," the employment is congenial to him. When a young man, he commenced writing for the press, and his writings at once at- tracted the notice of the Utterate^irs of Can- ada, the United States and France. In 18G5, he published his first work, " Essais Poeti- ques," a volume of over 300 pages, which was cordially received, and placed him in the first rank. In 1870 appeared a translation of Longfellow's " Evangeline," which raised Mr. Ije May to a high position among the Canadian poets. Longfellow sent a congra- tulatory letter to the poet, and ever after- wards treated him as a friend. The trans- lation is looked upon as Mr. Le May's CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 221 master-piece, and he can safely rest his reputation on it. Tae pathetic story of the Acadian exiles is admirably told ; the poet's soul seems to have been invaded by the sor- row he is describing ; in fact, he lives his subject, while the harmony and flexibility of the verse leave nothing to be desired. There have appeared since that time, in the order mentioned : '" Deux poo.nes couron- nes," Quebec, 1870, for which the author re- ceived two gold medals ; '" Les Vengeances," Poeiue, Qiiebec ; " Les Vengeances," drama in six acts; " LePeleriu de Sainte-Anne," a novel, 2 vols., Quebec, 1877; " Picounoc, le Maudit," a novel, 2 vols., Quebec, 1S78 ; *' Une Gerbe," miscellaneous poetry, Que- bec, 1879 ; "Fables Canadiennes," 1 vol., <^uebec, 1882; " L'affaire Sougraine," no- vel, 1 vol., Quebec, 1884. The following criticism is from the pen of Louis Houore Frechette, the poet-laureate, whose works *' Les Fleurs Boreales et les Oiseaux de Neige," have been crowned by the French Academy. Mr. Frechette, as is well known, is not tender, as a rule, to his brother poets and confreres : "It has not the booming of the mad torrent : it is the purling of a fountain on a mossy bed ; it has not the roaring of the lion : it is the cooing of the dove; it has not the bold swoop of the eagle: it is the timid undulation of the cj'gnet. " Mr. Le May married, in 18G3, Selima Robitaille, of Quebec, and they have twelve children, five sons and seven daugliters. lUurcliic, James, St. Stephen, ex- M. P. P. for Charlotte county. New Bruns- wick, and one of the leading merchants, lumber manufacturers, and ship owners of that county, is a native of St. Stephen, hav- ing been bora on the IGth of August, 1813. His father, Andrew Murchie, was from Pais- ley, Scotland, and his mother, Janet Camp- bell, was a native of New Prunswick, and a daughter of Colin Campbell. James Mur- chie was educated at St. Stephen, and re- mained on his father's farm until he became of age, and since that period has been en- gaged in manufacturing lumber on the St. Croix river, merchandising, and shipping, being one of the most extensive operators in those branches of industry in this valley. The firm of James Murchie and Sons has mills at Bonton, Deer Lake, and Edmuns- ton, on the New Brunswick Railway, as well as at Calais, Maine, and are cutting about 20,000,000 feet per annum. This firm also owns 200,000 acres of timber land, nearly half of it being in the province of Quebec, and about 38,000 in Maine, and the balance in New Brunswick. Mr. Murchie, who was a captain of militia in his younger days, is one of the oldest magistrates in this part of the country. He served for some years as school trustee, and has held, in fact, nearly all the local offices in the gift of the people, being painstaking and efticient in discharg- ing the duties which he assumes. H j repre- sented Chailotte county in the House of As- sembly from 1874 to 1878, being sent there by his LiV)eral-Conservative friends, and while in that legislative body secured the repeal of the Wild Land Tax Act, which had been attempted in vain by previous re- presentatives from his county. He also carried other bills regarded as very import- ant, and proved himself a diligent law as well as a lumber maker. He is one of the directors of the St. Stephen Bank ; of two bridge corporations ; the Calais Tug Boat Company, and other incorporated companies; vice president of the New Brunswick and Canada Rulway ; president of the Frontier Steamboat Company ; St. Croix Lloyds In- surance Company, and the St. Croix Cotton Mill Company. He was a leading force in engineering this last enterprise, giving seve- ral weeks' time to getting the company or- ganised, its capital ($.500,000) taken, the site secured for the mill, the corner stone laid, &c. The last act mentioned was done by the Masonic order on the 24th June, 1881, and marked an epoch in the history of the town of Milltown, in which our subject resides, being the owner of the finest house in the place. This cotton mill is 517 feet long, 98 feet wide, and four stories above the basement, in addition to which are dye house, &c., which cover nearly two- thirds as much ground as the main building. The erection of this mill has converted one of the most squallid parts of the town into the most thrifty and industrious, and added from 800 to 1 ,000 inhabitants to the place. Mr. Murchie has done, and is doing, a great deal to encourage home industry, knowing that all such enterprises tend to increase the value of his "wn pnjperty as well as the prosperity of the country. It is a few such men as he — men of energy, push, and pluck — found in St. Stephen, Calais, and Milltown, that have built up this trinity of towns, and given them their present air of thriftiness. Milltown, the smallest of all, IS just now probably the liveliest of the three. Mr. Murchie was also a leading stockholder and organiser in the Calais Shoe Factory, which employs 300 or 400 hands. He is a member and trustee of the Congregational Church, ]\lillt(jwn, which body has a house of worship which is a gem 222 A CYCLOPEDIA OF of architecture ; and it is the impression of the community that no such elegant and costly structure could have been reared in the little town without both the shaping and the plethoric pocket of Mr. Miirchie. He was first married, in 1836, to Mary Ann Grimmer, daughter of John Grimmer, late collector of customs, at St. Stephen. She died in 1857, leaving ten children. He was married the second time, in 18G0, to Mar- garet Thorpe, daughter of Jackson Thorpe, of St. George, Charlotte county, having by her three children. She died in 1872. All of the children excepting one boy, who is at school, are settled in life. Five of the sons —John G. , William A., James S., George A., and Henry S. — are in business with their father. The first, John G. , ex-mayor of the city of Calais, is director of the Cal- ais Tug Boat Company, and St, Croix Lloyds Insurance Company ; the second, William A., is treasurer of the Calais Tug Boat Company, director of the Calais Shoe Factory and vice-consul of Brazil and the Argentine Republic. Twoother sons, Ciiarles F. and Horace B., are ia the commission business on Wall Street, New York. His daughters are all married. Morse, Hon. ^Viiliatn Agiicw Dciiay, Amherst, .ludge of Probat^e for Cumberland, Marshal in Court of Vice-Ad- miralty, Hilifax, Chairman of the Liquor Licence Board, Judice of the County Courts of Pictou and Cumberland, and Revising Barrister, Halifax, was born on the 13th January, 1837, at Amherst, counfy of Cum- berland, iS.S. His father, the Hon. Shan- non Morse, studied law with the Hon. Ames Botsford, of ^^'estmoreland, who was one of the most distinguished men of his day in the Maritime provinces. He afterwards entered public life, and from 1819 to 1842 took a most active part in all the leading questions of these times, and for several years of this period he represented the town of Amherst in the local legislature. In 1842 he resigned his position in the Legislative Council, and retired into private life and devoted his time to the reclaiming and draining a large tract of marsh land, which operation, his son. Judge ]Morse, is now carrying on and com- pleting. Judge Morse's grandfather. A. Morse, settled on a tract of land granted by the Crown to his father (the judge's great-grandfather) This gentleman had been an ofiicer in the British army, serving under Lord Amherst (then Sir Jeii'rey Amherst) during the French and Indian wars, which closed by Britain becoming pos- sessed of the North American provinces, and in connection with Colonel F. W. Desbarres, Colonel Franklyn, Captains Gmelin and Gorham settled that beautiful and fertile , tract of country situated at the head of the ] Bay of Fundy, and known by the French as i Beaubassin. In an old document in the I possession of Judge Morse, we find the fol- ! lowing interesting record : "At the close of the war which accomplished the conquest of all the territories occupied by the French in i North America, six individuals proposed, in concurrence with the intentions of his Ma- jesty's government, to carry on settlements ' in the then infant colony of Nova Scotia, praying suitable tracts of land for that pur- pose, and thereupon orders were passed which obtained for Joseph Morse and his as- sociates 34,000 acres of land, in the town of Cumberland, 23rd day of November, 1763." And under this grant Mr. Morse, and the four gentlemen alluded to above, laid the foundation of the first Engli.«h settlement, formed after the expulsion of the French, which has grown in wealth and prosperity ever since. In the biography of Jos. Morse, written by his kinsman, the Rev. Dr. Morse, this tract of land is spoken of as having been granted him, to compensate him for his ser- vices and losses in the French and Indian wars. He died at Fort Lawrence, in Cum- berland, and his cousin. Colonel Robert Morse, who, as colonel of the Engineers under Sir Guy Carleton, was the author of the "Report on Fortifications and Defences of Nova Scotia," a document now deservedly ranked among the most interesting of the historical documents of our archives. Judge Morse's mother, Augusta Agnew Kinnear was the grand-daughter of An Ire w Kinnear, who commanded at Fort Cumberland in 1808, and was with Ames Botsford, the first mem- bers fur the c lunty of Westmoreland, who sat in the New Brunswick legislature after that province was separated from Nova Scotia. Judge Morse received his education at the P'ivate school taught by Dr. Hea. and at Sackville Academy^ where he received a sound English and classical education. He afterwards studied law, and for years suc- cessfully practised his profession. He was then called to the bench, and appointed judge of Probate for Cumberland, and subse- quently marshal in the Vice-Admiralty Court at Halifax, chairman of the Liquor Licence- board, judge of the County Courts of Pictou and Cumberland, and revising barristerunder the Dominion election law. Since hia ele- vation to the bench, Judge Morse has ceased to hold the ofiices of marshall in the Vice- Admiralty Court and judge of Probates. CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 223 Judge Morse takes quite an interest in agri- cultural matters, and has succeeded in re- claiming by ditching and draining large tracts of marsh land and adding haygrounds and increasing the taxable property of Cumber- land, and is removing the obstructions from the River La Blanche, by which the tide waters of the Bay of Fundy are permitted to run up the marshes of Cumberland, and thereby convert, by drainage, bog lands into solid hay yielding lands, some of which are now producing two to three tons to the acre. In religious matters, Judge Morse is an ad- herent of the Church of England, and in politics leans to Reform principles. He was married on the Ifith December, 1873, to Ella Frances Rebecca Bogsfs, whose family were among the first of the old Halifax U. E. loyalists who came from the United States, in 1780, on account of the rebellion. Morrow, John, Toronto, Inspector of Inland Revenue for the District of Toronto, was born in the county of York, near To- ronto, Ontario, in 1832. His father, James Marrow, came to Canada from the county of Ciivan, Ireland, in 1819, and his mother, Miss McNeil, came from the same district in Ireland in 1824. The vessel in which she, her mother, and brother, embarked fur America, suffered shipwreck on St. I'aul's island, at the mouth of the Gulf of St. Law- rence, when nearly all on board perished, including Mrs. McNeil. John Morrow was brought up on the farm possessed by his parents in York county, and received his primary education in the public school of the district, but when he was about sixteen years of age was induced by the late Dr. Ryerson to go to the Normal School in To- ronto, and he attended its sessions during 1849-50-51, and then graduated. He took up teaching as a profession, and successfully taught school for about twelve years. In 186G he was appointed by the Dominion government deputy collector of inland re- venue for the Toronto division ; in 1873 he was promoted to the collectorship ; and in 1881 was appointed inspector of the Toronto district, which office he now satisfactorily fills. Mr. Morrow is an adherent of the Methodist church. He was married in ]855 to Miss Sankey, the eldest daughter of the late John Sankey, builder, of York county. IWcredilli, Sir William Collis.K.B., D.C.L., LL.D , Quebec, who for a great number of years occupied the position of Chief Justice of the Superior Court of the province of Quebec, was born in the city of Dublin, on 23rd May, 1812. His father was the Rev. Dr. Thomas Meredith, rector of Ardtrea, in the county of Tyrone, Ireland ; and his mother, Eliza, daughter of the Very Rev. Richard Graves, D. D., dean of Ar- dagh. Rev. Dr. Thomas Meredith having died, his widow in 1824 married the Rev. Edward Burton, and came out to Canada with that gentleman, bringing with her four of her children by her first marriage, the eldest being William Collis, the sub- ject of our sketch. The family settled at Rawdon, north of Montreal, where the Rev. Mr. Burton had a mission under the So- ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel. Before leaving Ireland William had passed some years at Dr. Behan's school in W^ex- ford, and after his arrival in Canada his education was continued under the care of his step-father, who was a graduate of Trin- ity College, Dublin. He was also greatly aided and encourasjed in his studies at this time by his mother, who was a woman of great culture and refinement, and possessed of great energy and force of character. Mr. Meredith's legal studies were commenced in 1831, in the office of S. de Bleury, and con- tinued in that of J. C. Grant, Q. C, Mont- real, both advocates of eminence. He was admitted to the bar in December, 1830, and was made a Queen's counsel in 1844. In the same year he was offered and declined the office of solicitor-general, and subsequently that of attoruey-!.:eneral ; and in 1847, hav- ing been again offered the position of attor- ney-general, he once more declined that high position in the Draper administration. In December, 1849, Mi-. Meredith was appointed a judge of the Superior Court of the Pro- vince of Quebec by the Lafontaine-Baldwin administration, and abandoned with some regret the practice of a profession to which he was greatly attached, leaving to his jsart- ner, Strachan Bethune, Q.C., and the late H(#). Judge Dunkin, we believe, the largest legal business which at that time had been brought together by a single ^professional firm in the Province of Quebec. At the ear- nest solicitation of the government of Can- ada (Sir George E, Cartier being then attor- ney-general), and in compliance with the wishes of the leading members of the Mont- real bar, Judgt^ INIeredith consented to be re- moved from the Superior Court to the Court of Queen's Bench — that being the Court of Appeal for the province — and this appoint- ment was approved of by a unanimous resolution of the Quebec bar. While a member of this court, several (jf his judg- ments were highly spoken of by the lords of the Privy Council in England. Judge Meredith continued to occupy a seat in the 224 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Qiieen's Bench until the death of the Hon. Edward Bowen. chief justice of the Superior Court in 1806, when he was appointed to that high office, which he held until 18S4, when failing health forced him to re- sign tlie position which for so many years he hid held, and the duties of which he dis- charged with his characteristic energy and ability to the entire satisfaction of the pro- fession and the public. As far back as 1844 Judge Meredith was requested to accept the professorship of law in the University of McGill College, in M'lntreal, by the then principal, Chief Justice Vallieres, but the pressure of his professional duties compel- led him to refuse the profFerred honour. In 1844 he received the honorary degree of D. C.L. from Lennox ville University, and eleven years afterwards (6th September, 1805), upon the nomination of the Lord Bishop of Quebec, he was unanimously elected chancellor of that university— but his judicial duties were such that he could not assume the responsibility of the office. In 1880 he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Laval University, Quebec; and in the month of June, 1886, her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria conferred upon him the honour of knighthood. In 1847 Judge Meredith was married to Sophia Naters, youngest daughter of the late Dr. "\V. E. Holmes, of Quebec, and the union has been blessed with a numerous family, of whom three sons and four daughters are still living. Harris, Very Rev. 'William Rich- ard, B.D. , Dean of St. Catharines, in the E,oman Catholic Arch-Diocese of Toronto. — Among the clergy of the Roman Catholic arch-diocese of Toronto, there are many learned, earnest, and pious priests, but among them all we doubt if there is one of his age who ranks higher in the estimation of his fellow priests and all those of the laity who have had the privilege of his ac- quaintance than does the Very Rev. Wil- liam Richard Harris, parish priest of the city of St. Catharines, and dean of that portion of the R.oman Catholic arch-diocese of To- ronto known as the Niagara peninsula. Dean Harris can hardly yet be said to have reached the prime of life, yet so mature is his mind and well disciplined are his facul- ties that it is not surprising to those who know him that he has so suddenly and pro- minently come to the front in his church. For a young man he is remarkable for vigour, both of mind and body — a vigour which is always wisely and well directed in the dis- charge of whatever duties he undertakes. The church has in him, if he is spared, the staff which must place him in a high and useful position in its service. There is be- fore hiin a bright and brilliant career, or else we are much mistaken. The very rev- erend gentleman was born on the ord of March, 1847, in the city of Cork, Ireland, the birthplace of many of the most distin- guished sons of the Green Isle. At an early age he came to this country with his parents, entered St. Michael's College, Toronto, and having finished his classical course in this well-known institution of learning, went to Ste. Anne's Seminary, Quebec, to complete a course of metaphysics and philosophy. In 1809 he was appointed secretary to his Grace the Archbishop of Toronto, and accompani- ed that distinguished prelate to Rome when summoned by Papal brief to attend the (Ecumenical Council. Immediately after the opening of this memorable council, our subject entered the famous College of the Propaganda, where he finished his course of theology, and took his degree of Bachelor of Divinity. On the 21st June, 1870, he was ordained priest by Cardinal Patrizzi, in the historic church of St. Mary Major. The venerable Archbishop of Toronto and he left Rome on the tirst day of July of that year, and visited the principal cities of the continent of Europe. On his return to Canada he continued to fill for some time the responsible position of secretary to his grace, when, in recognition of his services and abilities, he was appointed to the rec- torship of Adjala, at that time the most im- portant rural parish in the diocese. Here he continued to labour for five years, hav- ing during that time faithfully discharged the onerous and responsible duties associat- ed with that position. Under his pastorship was erected St. Mary's Church, West Ad- jala, ami improvements to the amount of 87,000 dollars were made in that parish. In 1875 he was summoned to the rector- ship of St. ^Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, bearing with him to that very responsible position the best wishes of the people of Adjala, and a suVjstintial recognition of his labours and services among them. We may here remark, that he did very much to create and perpetuate that friendly feeling of toleration and liberality which is so char- acterisuc of the people of that section of the country. In fact, it is said of him that in whatever position he has been placed he has shed around him a kindly influence, which has been instrumental in removing the as- perities of religious rancour, and bringing into more friendly association the members CANADIAX BIOGRAPHY. 225 of the various religious denominations. In his position of rector of St. Michael's Cathe- dral, a large field for the exercise of his con- spicuous administrative abilities lay open be- fore him. The pressure of hard work grad- ually told on his constitution, and in conse- quence he resigned the rectorship of the ca- thedral, and sought the seclusion which the smaller parish of Newmarket afforded him. Here he continued to labour for eight years, during which time he completed the church in that town, erected the fine modern pres- bytery, and built the large brick school house adjoining the church. His improvements in this parish during those eight years repre- sented an expenditure of over $12,000. His health having improved, he was again select- ed to fill one of the most responsible posi- tions in the arch-diocese, and was appointed to the important and influential parish of St. Catharines, and dean of the Niagara peninsula, which position he holds with great credit to himself and advantage, both spiritual and temporal, to those over whom his ecclesiastical superior has wisely placed him. During his short administration of his present parish he has shown a wonder- ful amount of administrative ability, and up to the present writing has wiped out a debt of §8,000. Showing his deep interest in the education of his people, he has just begun the important work of erecting for the Ro- man Catholic separate schools the finest school building on the Niagara peninsula, in which are introduced all modern improve- ments calculated to add to the health and comfort of both teachers and pupils. In all probability before the expiration of two years he will have completed buildings cost- ing in the aggregate §30,000. While devot- ing much time and great energy to the work peculiar to his priestly office, he finds time for close and careful study, which is evi- denced by the manner and matter of his ser- mons and pulpit discourses. He also takes a deep interest in popular education, and has lost no opportunity of pushing on the education aiid improvement of the masses, irrespective of creed or nationality. As an evidence of this, we may mention that for many years he was prominently identified with the Mechanics' Institute, an association of which he was twice chosen vice-president. Indeed, such was his standing among the de- legates that when, in 1882, his name was put in nomination for the presidency he was elected by acclamation. This honour was conferred upon him by a convention of eighty-four representatives, all of whom were Protestants. When the control of the association passed into the hands of the Minister of Education, the reverend gentleman was presented by the members of the executive board with an embossed address and a handsome testimonial. While on the executive board of the Mechanics' Institute Association, he was selected to re- present the society on the executive com- mittee of the Industrial Exhibition Associa- tion. Before his departure from Newmar- ket, the inhabitants of that town, irrespec- tive of creed or nationality, heartily joined in congratulating him on his promotion, and in a public meeting, presided over by the reeve of the town, presented him with a most flattering address^ accompanied with a valuable testimonial. With such a record did the Very Reverend Dean Harris come to the city of St. Catharines, and we are in a position, from close observation of his ac- tions since he came, to assert that he is as useful and popular here as he was in New- market, and if his health holds out for a few years he will leave the impress of his en- lightenment and manly character on the in- habitants of that city. Hcarn, David A., Barrister, Arichat, M. P.P. for Richmond county, Nova Scotia, was born in Arichat, N.S., on the 14th of February, 1853. His parents were James Hearn and Isabella Campbell. His paternal grandfather came from Waterford, Ireland, and settled in Newfoundland, in 1817, and removed to Arichat, in 1822. His mother was a descendant of the Campbells, of the Island of Coll, Scotland. David received his education in the academy at Arichat, and studied law, first in the oftlce of his brother, James H. Hearn, at Sydney, and afterwards with the Hon. Senator William Miller. He read up at the Law Library of Halifax for four months previous to his final examiuation, and was admitted to the bar of Nova Scotia, in 1878 ; and has suc- cessfully carried on his profession at Arichat ever since. In 1879 he was appointed a school commissioner, and still occupies the same position. In 1881 he was made a cen- sus commissioner ; and in 1883 he was chief inspector of licenses for Richmond county under the Liquor License Act passed that year. In 1882-3 he filled the oflice of county solicitor, and in the following year was elected a member of the municipal council of Richmond county, and was re-elected in 1886. He was chiefly instrumental in the council in having steam communication re- newed at Lennox Passage. He also suc- ceeded in changing the system of assess- ment, so as to equalise the burthen of taxa- 226 A CYCLOPEDIA OF tion on the ratepayers ; and also inaugurated retrenchment and reform in the council. In 1878 he was chief organiser for the Conser- vative party in Richmond ; but refused to recognise H. Paint as the Conservative can- didate in 1882 ; and again in 1887 he sup- ported E. P. Flynn, the Liberal candidate for the House of Commons at Ottawa, in preference to Mr. Paint. At the general election of 1886 Mr. Hearn was elected to represent the county of Richmond in the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia. His position in the house is thoroughly indepen- dent of party, and he thinks there should be no party politics in the local legislature. He, however, believes in the fiscal and general policy of the Dominion government. He is opposed to the repeal agitation in Nova Scotia ; is in favour of a legislative union of the Maritime provinces ; abolition of the Legislative Council, and approves of manhood suffrage. In politics Mr. Hearn may be classed as a supporter of the Con- servative party, though holding advanced views on certain questions of great public moment. In religion he is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was mar- ried on the 18th August, 1879, to Elizabeth Ida, eldest daughter of Francis Quinan, of Sydney, and niece of the Rev. James Quinan, of Sydney, John Quinan of Mainadieu, and the Hon Senator Miller, of Arichat. The fruit of this marriage has been one child. Oiroiiard, Desire, Q.C., D.C.L., M.P. for Jacques Cartier, residence Quatre Vents, Dorval, Quebec province, was born at St. Timothy, county of Beaviharnois, on the 7th July, 1836. From I'Abbe Tanguay's " Dictionnaire Ge'nealogique," it is learned that he is a descendant of Antoine Girou- ard, a native of Riom, Auvergne, France, who emigrated to Canada about 1720, and was private secretary to Chevalier de Ranie- zay, the then governor of Montreal. Mr. Girouard received his education at the Mc'n- treal College, and graduated in law at McGill University, where he obtained the degrees of B.C.L. and D.C.L. On the 1st of Octo- ber, 18(jn, he was called to the bar, and in 187G was made a Q.C. Asa law writer, Mr. Girouard enjoys a well-earned reputation, his first work being an " Essai sur les Lettres de Change et Billets Promissoires," which appeared in 1800, before he was admitted to the practice of his proftssic n. Of this produc- tion Chief Justice La Fontaine said : " I have read attentively yoiir Essay on Bills of Ex- change, etc., and I take pleasure in acknow- ledging that you have, with very rare talent, collected all that could possibly be written on this subject which could interest Lower Canada. The opinions you express on the laws relating to the subject and on the de- cisions of the tribunals, show that your essay is the result of profound study on your part. Your book should be in the hands of every trade and business man. It would certainly be of great benefit to them. It will also be very useful to lawyers and judges. Permit me to hope that your book may prove to j'ou a sure and certain guar- antee of an honourable and brilliant career at the bar." In 1805, Mr. Girouard pub- lished an " Etude sur I'Acte concernant la Faillite," which he afterwards translated into English with many additions ; and in 1868 he published another work entitled " Considerations sur les lois civiles du Ma- riage." He was also a contributor to many publications ; and in conjunction with W. H. Kerr, another leading barrister, founded La Beviie Critique. La Eevxie Critkine was founded at the time of the great judicial crisis of 1873-4, the members of the Mon- treal bar having refused to appear any longer before the Court of Appeal, so great was the dissatisfaction against that bench, when it was reconstituted in 1874 bj' Justices Cross, Tessier, and Ramsay, under the presi- sidency of Chief Justice Dorion ; and La Revue Criiiciue was then allowed to drop out of existence. Mr. Girouard's articles on the "Treaty of Washington," " The Indirect Alabama Claims," "Conflict of Commercial Prescriptions," etc., all written in English, attracted the attention of the press both on this continent and in Europe. From 1868 to 1860, while a law student, Mr. Girouard was actively connected with L'Institut Ca- nadien Franeais, and delivered many lec- tures at the hall of the institute, and also at the Cabinet de Lecture Paroissial. These lectures were published in the French daily press of Montreal at the time, and higlily praised. Among these may be par- ticularly mentioned two papers — " La Phi- losophie du Droit," and " L'Excellence des Mathematiques. " While spending the win- ter in the south, in 1870, he contributed many letters on Louisiana and New Orleans to La AJinerve. In 1882 the same paper also publislied several letters of Mr. Girou- ard on the North- West, and very recently, 9th July, 1887, an extensive study of the Fishery (|Uestion. Mr. Girouard has al- ways manitained a high position as an in- telligent and learned advocate ; hence he has often been retained in some of the most im- portant suits which have been brought before the courts of the country during the past few CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. :27 years. Among politicians, Mr. Girouard is known as an able debater. He first entered the political arena in 1872, when, at the so- licitation of the late Sir George Etienne Cartier, he presented himself in the Con- servative interest in the county of Jacques Cartier against no less an adversary than Rodolphe Laflamme, Q.C., who enjoyed consideration, prestige, and influence, and was defeated by forty-eight votes. In 1874 the latter was returned by acclamation, Mr. Girouard having been nominated for Beauharnois, in which county he was de- feated through the nomination of a third candidate. In 1876, he was requested to oppose the Hon. Mr. Laflamme, minister of Inland Revenue, in Jacques Cartier, and was defeated by twenty-eight votes. In 1878 he was again solicited to present himself against his old opponent ; and it was at first reported that he had been defeated by four- teen votes, but on a recount by Justice Mackay, he was declared elected by two votes, although his majority was really over one hundred, as it was afterwards shown in the celebrated St. Anne's ballot-box case. He was again returned for Jacques Cartier in 1882, and at the last general election, 22nd February, 1887. Mr. Girouard introduced in the House of Commons the Deceased Wife's Sister bill, which was carried in 1882 after a prolonged debate and a strenuous opposi- tion, especially from certain adherents to the Church of England. He has been chairman of the Committee on Privileges and Elec- tions during the last and present parlia- ments. Although one of the staunchest supporters of Sir John A. Macdonald, he took a leading part in the movement against the execution of Riel, on the ground of in- sanity, and with ten or twelve other French Conservative members constituted for a time a separate group of the Conservative party, known as the "Bolters." His letter pub- lished November, 1885, in answer to the defence of the government by Sir Alexan- der Campbell, was published by all the newspapers in Canada. Mr. Girouard was married for the first time to Mathilde, a daughter of the well-known and much respected merchant, John Pratt. This lady having died, he again married, in 18G5, this time an American lady, Essie Cranwill. sister of Samuel Cranwill, cotton merchant, New Orleans and St. Louis. She died in Montreal, on the 30th June, 1879, leaving five children. Mr Cranwill was the agent in Montreal for the Confederate states during the civil war. The eldest of Mr. Girouard's sons, Emile, resides in Paris, France, where he is the administrator of the newspaper, Paris Canada ; the second, Percy, a gradu- ate of the Royal Military College, Kings- ton, is an engineer ; another, Desire, B.A. of Laval University, has just been admitted to the study of law in Montreal. Mr. Girou- ard married a thit'd time, on the 6th Octo- ber, 1881, Edith Bertha Beatty, youngest daughter of Dr. Beatty, of Cobourg, Ont., and has two sons of this marriage. Stewart, Geo., Jr., D.C.L., F.R.G.S., F.R.S.C, FiAitor Mori dng Chronicle, Quebec. Among Canadian literateurs, Geo. Stewart, jr., has fairly won for himself the distin- guished position and reputation he enjoys, both in England and Canada, as a man of let- ters, and one of the brilliant literary lights of which our dominion is so justly proud. Dr. Stewart was born November 26th, 1848, in New Vork city, and at an early age removed, with his parents, to St. John, New Brunswick, where he was educa- ted. He is, comparatively speaking, a young man, to be the recipient of so many favour- ed marks of recDgnition by societies of learn- ing for his valuable contributions. At the early age of sixteen years he edited a little journal, The Stamp Collector s Gazette, and two j^ears later published Stewart's Quarterly Magazine, to whose support he brought the pens of all the leading writers in Canada. In 1878 Dr. Stewart accepted the editorship of the Rose- Bel ford's Canadian MontJdy, and a year later that of the Quebec Morning Chronicle, which latter position he still holds. It is owing to his ability and talents that this paper has become an authority on all leading Canadian questions of the day. He was elected, in 1879, a member of the International Literary Congress of Europe — an honour conferred on no other Cana- dian, — and having the celebrated French veteran writer, Victor Hugo, for president. The few Americans similarly distinguished were Longfellow, Bancroft, Holmes, Emer- son and Whittier. The Royal Geographical Society has bestowed its degree of Fellow upon Dr. Stewart, and King's University of Nova Scotia was proud to grant him a D.C.L. The Royal Society of Canada elected him, at its inauguration, secretary for the English section, which important trust he still re- tains ; while the time-honoured Literary and Historical Society of Quebec has three times called him to the presidency. He has been a member also of the Council of the Royal Society since its second year. The exclus- ive literary club of London, the Athseneum, admitted him an honorary member, his sponsors being Matthew Arnold and Lord ^28 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Tennyson. His principal works are " Even- ings in the Library," " Canada under the Administration of the Earl of Dutferin," nine leading papers in the "Encyclopsedia Britannica," and this high authority names Di. Stewart among its strongest and most brilliant contributors amid a galaxy of learn- ed and world-renowned names ; " Frontenac and his times," in J ustinWinsor's" Analytical and Critical History of America, and " The Story of the Great Fire in St. John, N. B." He is also the author of sevbral articles in " Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Bio- graphy," and a contributor to the Scottish Becieic, London ; Toronto Week, etc., etc. In May of 1878 the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of St. John, N. B., presented him with a handsome and very valuable gold watch and illuminated address, and a public dinner was given him by the citizens in 1872, upon his retirement from the editorship of Stewart's Quarterly. In style of composition Dr. Stewart is graceful and dignified. His historical works bear the imprint of deep research and careful sum- marizing. Leading English and American magazines are frequently enriched by his articles, which are eagerly perused by the reading and deep-thinking savants of our day. Canada is proud of such a worthy literary representative, whose genius and versatile abilities make him the rival and equal of the best writers the old world can produce. He was married on the 28th of April, 1875, to Maggie M., niece of the late E. D. Jewett, of Lancaster Heights, St. John, N. B. Ruel, James Rhodc§, Collector of Customs and Registrar of Shipping at the Port of St, John, New Brunswick, was born at Pembridt^e House, Welsh Newton, Here- fordshire, England, on the 22nd of October, 1820. His father was John Godfrey Ruel, a lineal descendant of the famous Dr. Johann Rii'il, chancellor of the Cardinal Archbishop of Mayntz, the Elector Albert of Braiideuberg, and also the favoured coun- cillor and representative of Count Manns- field in 1540 at the Diet of Nuremberg, and at other similar assemblies. Dr. Riihl was the brother-in-law of Luther, and stood boldly at his side in the great historic inter- view with Cardinal Cajetan at Augsburg. His devotion on this occasion drew from Luther the promise that he would never fail t-o reciprocate it to himself and to his child- ren. He was one of the chief and most honoured guests at the great Reformer's wedding, and was never addressed by him but with the profoundest expressions of offi- cial respect and brotherly affection. They appear to have lived together in the closest friendship. The family was of senatorial rank in the city of Heilbronn, and was re- lated to the Counts Fugger of Kirchberg and Weissonhorn, the head of which at the pres- ent time is the Prince of Bibenhausen, who is related to Queen Victoria through the house of Hohenlohe Langenburg. By a curious coincidence the Counts Fugger acted as the bankers of the Pope for the sale of those very indulgences against which'Luther had opened the greatest crusade which was ever fought in Christendom. Gottfried Riiehl, a rich and distinguished member of the family, settled in London about one hun- dred and seventy years ago, and his grand- son, John Godfrey Ruel, was born there ; educated at Harrow, and served as an officer in the Royal marines in H. M. S. Thetis and other ships with considerable distinction un- til the peace in 1815. He married, in 1817, Catherine B. Clery, a daughter of a descen- dant of a French count of that name, and came to New Brunswick in 1833 with his family of six sons and three daughters. He returned to England in 1849, and died there in 1852, and his wife in April, 1887, aged 98 years. James R. Ruel, his second son, was educated at the High School in Monmouth, England, and at the Grammar School in St. John, N. B. He entered the service of the city corporation in the com- mon clerk's office in July, 1839, and became successively depuly common clerk and clerk of the peace, auditor of county and city accounts, chamberlain of the city, and on 1st November, 1870, was appointed by the Canadian government to the offices he now holds In September, 1850, he was associ- ated with the Rev. Dr. I. W. D. Gray in the editorial management of the Church Witness, a newspaper established to counter- act the teaching of the High Church party, and in 1855 took the sole management of the paper until its publication was closed in 18G4. Previous to 1845 he had espoused the views of the Tractarian school, and was an ardent supporter of them, but finding about that time that they were not in accord either with the scriptures, or the doctrines of the great teachers in the Church of Eng- land of the Reformation era, he abandoned them, and has held ever sinc3 with a firm grasp the doctrines of grace as taught in the Evangelical school. He has been connected with St. John's Church since October, 1833, and on its erection into a separate parish in 1853, he was elected a vestryman and vestry clerk, and has been one of the wardens of CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 229 it for the last twenty years. On the occa- sion of the movement for the confederation of the provinces, he was chairman of the British American Association, which was formed at that time to promote it. And in all questions or projects to advance the wel- fare of the city of St. John he ever took a deep interest. He married in 1854 Harriet, a daughter of John Kinnear, who died in 1859, leaving no issue ; and in 1861, Sophia M., daughter of the Hon. Hugh Johnston, by whom he has three sons and one daugh- ter now living. Earle, §ylvesler Zobieski, M.D., St. John, New Brunswick, was born at Kingston, Kings county, New Brunswick, on the 7th August, 1H22. His parents were Sylvester and Maria Earle. His paternal grandfather served as a captain in the royal army, during the American revolution, and on the proclamation of peace his company being disbanded, he came to New Brims- wick where he settled. On the paternal side Dr. Earle is descended from John Zobieski, King of Poland. He received his education at the Kingston Grammar School, and then studied medicine under the celebrated Doc- tors Valentine Mott and Gunnay L. Bedford. He graduated from the University of New York, in 1844, and afterwards visited the several medical schools of Great Britain and the continent of Europe. He removed to St. John, in 18G4, and began practice, and shortly afterwards was appointed surgeon to the G2nd St. John volunteer battalion, now the 62nd Royal Fusiliers. In 1845 he was made surgeon to the Kings county militia ; and in 1846, in company with the late Colonel Saunders, raised the A troop of cavalry, which formed the nucleus of the present 8th cavalry, " Princess Louise Hus- sars." During the Fenian raid in 1866, he was on active service with his regiment, the Fusiliers, at St. Andrews and at Canipo Bello, and retired from the service in 1875, holding the rank of major. In 1867 he was appointed coroner for the city and county of St. John, and this office he still holds. In 1877 Dr. Earle was elected mayor of the city of St. John, the year of the great fire, and as a reward for the services he rendered on that trying occasion, was re-elected for another term by acclamation. He occu- pied the position of warden of the city and county during the same period ; and in 1878 he was made a justice of the peace. He is a commissioner of the General Public Hospi- tal, and a member of the St. John Board of Health. He has been a member of the Ca- nada Medical Association since its forma- tion, and is now its vice-president ; is a past president of the New Brunswick Medi- cal Association ; is president of the New Brunswick Medical Council, and consult- ing physician to the General Public Hospi- tal. He belongs to both the Masonic and Oddfellows' orders, and occupies high posi- tions in both organizations. The doctor has travelled a good deal, and is familiar with the leading cities in Europe and Ameri- ca. In politics he is Liberal- Conseivative ; and in religion is an adherent of the Epis- copal form of worship. In 1847 he was mar- ried to Catherine McGill, daughter of Cap- tain Allen Otty, R.N.,andhas issue four sons and two daughters. Thomas J. O. Earle, M. D., is practising medicine at Young's Cove, Queens county ; Allan O. A., barris- ter, practising in St. John ; William Z., divi- sional engineer, Canadian Pacific Railroad ; S. Z. Earle, also an engineer Canadian Paci- fic Railway ; two daughters, Eliza Crook- shank and Marie. Kennedy, George Thomas, M.A., B.A.Sc. , F.G. S., Professor of Chemistry, Geology and Mining, in King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, was born on the 4th January, 1845, in the city of Montreal, Quebec province. His father was the late W^illiam Kennedy, builder, who was born in York, Yorkshire, England, on May 21, 1790, and died in Montreal, October 22, 1855. His mother, Ann Evans, was a native of Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England, born 3rd April, 1800, and died in Montreal, 13th August, 1870. This couple were brought up as menibers of the Church of England, and were married by the late Dean Bethune, of Montreal, and their children christened by the same clergyman ; but they afterwards joined the Congregational body, and the family were brought up in that church. This worth}' couple had a large family, five of whom still survive, two sisters and three brothers. The sons are, George Thomas, the suV'ject of our sketch ; William, a retired builder, who from 1873 to 1876 sat as alder- man in the city council of Montreal, and is at present (1887) a member of the same body, and also holds a commission as lieutenant- colonel of the Montreal Engineers ; and Rich- ard A., M.A., M.D.C.M., who is a practis- ing physician in Mtmtreal. He is also emer- itus professor of obstetrics and diseases of children in Bishop's College, Lennox- ville, and consulting physician to the Mon- treal Dispensary, physician to the Western Hospital, etc., Montreal. Professor Ken- nedy was educated in Montreal, first at a private school, then at the Church Colonial 230 A CYCLOPEDIA OF School, and at the McGill Model and High schools. He then entered the arts depart- ment of McGill University, in September, 1864, and graduated B. A. , with first rank honours in geology and natural science, in May, 1868. During the winter of 1869-70 he attended the Sheffield Scientific School, in connection with Yale College, New Haven, U.S., and whilst in XewHaven he took aselect course of post graduate studies, including practical chemistry, mineralogy, mining, as- saying, German, etc. After his return home in the winter of 1870 71, he became assist- ant to Sir J. William Dawson, LL.D., F.R.S., in the chemical laboratory and museum of McGill College. In the fall of 1871, Mr. Kennedy entered as a graduate student in the applied science department of McGill, and in May following received the degree of M. A. (in course). In May, 1873, he gradu- ated B.A.Sc. in civil and mechanical engi- neering in the same college. In the sum- mer of 1873 he was elected professor of chemistry and natural science by the gover- nors of Acadia College, Wolfville, N. S., and in October of the following year entered upon these duties. In 1881 he resigned the chair of chemistry in Acadia College ; and in the fall of 1882, the chair of chemistry and geology in King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, becoming vacant, he was offer- ed the position by the late Dr. Binney, bishop of Nova Scotia, president of the Board of Governors, which he accepted, and entered upon his duties in January, 1883. In the spring of 1885, when the teaching stafl" of the college was re-organized, Mr. Kennedy was re-appointed to the same pro- fessorship. On the 29th June, 1887, the governors of the college elected him vice- president of the institution. In 1883 he was appointed librarian and scientific curator of the college museum, both of which positions he still holds. In November, 1876, Profes- sor Kennedy was elected an associat'^ mem- ber of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science ; in August, 1880, a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science ; in December, 1883, a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, Britain ; in August, 1884, a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, and before leaving M )iitreal he was a mem- ber of both the Natural History and the Microscopical Societies of that city. In the summer of 1869, Dr. G. M. Dawson, F.G.S., of the Canadian Geological Survey, and Pro- fessor Kennedy assisted Sir J. W. Dawson in the geological examination of the Devo- nian rocks of Gaspe Bay. And during b portion of the summer of 1871, in company with J. F. Whiteaves, F.R.S., palaeontolo- gist of the Canadian Government Survey, the professor also assisted in dredging, in the Canadian government schooner, for marine life in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. During the summer of 18S2, Professor Kennedy commenced dredging the Basin of Minas, Nova Scotia, with the view of studying the marine life in that basin; and the work he is still carrying on. For several years past, as time permits, he has been examining the geology of Nova Scotia, and has also found time to contribute a series of articles to our scientific papers and magazines. He is an adherent of the Episcopal church. On the 17th July, 1878, he was married to Emma, daughter of John D. Longard, of Halifax, Nova Scotia. Adanig, Hon. 9IlchaeI, Barrister, Newcastle, New Brunswick, was born at Douglastijwn, Northumberland county, N.B., on the 13th August, 1845. His parents were Samuel Adams and Mary Ann Adams, who were both natives of Cork, Ireland, and emigrated to this country. Mr. Adams re- ceived his educatio.i in the common school of the place of his birth. Having chosen law as a profession, he entered the law office of Hon. E. Willistonin 1864, and con- tinued to study under this gentleman until 1867, when he entered with the Hon. Allan A. Dawson, and in 1869 he was admitted to the bar of New Brunswick. The following year, 1870, he presented himself as a candi- date for parliamentary honours, and was elected to represent Northumberland in the New Brunswick legislature. At the next genera^ ejection he again offered himself for election, but the education question being before the county, and he being a strong support'^r of the separate school sys'em, he was defeated by about two hundred votes. Again, in 1878, he came before the elector- ate, and was returned by his old constitu- ency ; and in June of the same year he was made a member of the government, with the portfolio of surveyor general. This necessitated another appeal to his consti- tuents, when he was elected by acclamation. This office he held until 1882, when a gen- eral election took place and he was once more returned to parliament. In 1883, the gov- ernment, of which he was a member, having siitfe ed a d -feat o:i a n m confi lence motion, he and his friends retired from office. At the general election held in 1886, the Hon. Mr. Adams was again returned ; and in 1887 he resigned his seat in the local assembly to contest the county of Northumberland, in CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 231 the interests of the Liberal-Conservative party, against the Hon. Peter Mitchell, an ladependent Liberal, and was defeated. Since then Mr, Adams has been attending to his professional business, which is large and claims nearly all his attention. Hon. Mr. Adams visited Leadville, Colorado, •some years ago, in the interest of a silver mining property partly owned by his brother, Samuel Adams, who is now State Senator for Colorado, and another, John J. Adams, United States Congressman for the •city of New York, and who has a large in- terest in the Adams Manuftcturing Com- pany. As will be seen, Hon. Mr. Adams is a Liberal-Conservative in politics, has work- ed hard for his party, and we have no doubt that at no distant day he will be found in the House of Commons at Ottawa. He is an adherent of the Roman Catholic church. He was married in 1869 to Catherine L. Patterson, who died in 1881. He was married again on 29th November to Miss Nealis, daughter of Simon Nealis, Frede- ricton, New Brunswick. $«tepheii, Sir Creorge, Bd,ronet, Mont- real, President of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way of Canada, was born at Duifcown, Bj-nfi', Scotland, on the 5th of Juae, 1829, and received his education in the parish school of his native place. On leaving school at the age of fourteen, he was apprenticed to the late Alexander Sinclair, draper and dealer in dry goods in Aberdeen. After serving the usual apprenticeship of four years, he entered the service of the well- known wholesale and shipping house of J. F. Pawson & Co., of S".. Paul's Church Yard, London, where his business education was completed. In 1850 he ct.me to Cana- da, and entered the service of his cousin, the late William Stephen, of Montreal, with whom, in 1853, he formed a partnership under the style of William Stephen & Co. Mr. Stephen having died in 1802, George purchased his late friend's interest in the business, and at once entered largely into the manufacture of cloth. This venture having proved highly remunerative, he withdrew from the wholesale trade, and devoted his attention exclusively to this branch of busi- ness. He was elected a director of the Bank of M mtreal, the largest banking institution in Canada ; and in 1876, on the retirement of Mr. King from the presidency, he was chosen vice-president. On the death of the late David Torrance he was elected president. Sir George Stephen's first connection with railway enterprises, and with which his name will always be connected in the annals of our country, was his joining a syndicate for the purchase of the interests of the Dutch holders of the bonds of the St. Paul and Pacific Rail- way, which gave them control of this partially constructed line. Realising the importance of this road as a link in the chain of railway communication with the North- West via the Pembina branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, they carried the work of construc- tion rapidly forward, and soon found them- selves in possession of an exceedingly pro- fitable line. They were in a position to control not only the entire traffic of the Canadian North- West, but to render tribu- tary a large part of Minnesota and Dakota. The large profits made from this monopoly they devoted to extending the sphere of their operations by constructing lines in various directions, making St. Paul the focal point of this system, and re-naming their line the St. Paul and Manitoba Railway. This led to Sir George's connection with our great national line, the Canadian Pacific Railway, and in 1881 he was elected its president. In 1885, in conjunction with his cousin, Sir Donal J A. Smith, he founded the "Montreal Scholarship," tenable for three years, and open to the residents of Mont- real and its neighbourhood, in the Royal C (liege of Music of London ; and again in 1887 he joined his cousin in presenting the munificent sum of $1,000,000 ($500,000 each) to build a new hospital, to be called the Victoria Hospital, at the present time (1887) in course of erection. In 1885 the government of Canada presented him with the Confederation medal, and in 1886 H^r Mijesty the Queen created him a baronet, in recognition of his great ser- vices in connection with the Canadian Pa- cific Railway. Though married, he has no family of his own to inherit his great wealth and honours. A few yeai-s ago his adopted daughter was united in marriage to the son of Sir Staff". )rd Northcote, and re- sides in England. Sir George is one of the most popular, charitable and kind-hearted men in the dominion. Harper, J. M., M. A., Ph.D., F.E.I. S., Qiebec, the subject of the following biogra- phical sketch, was born on the lOih Febru- ary, 1845, at Johnstone, in Renfrewshire, Scotland. Dr. Harper is the son of the late Robert M. Harper, printer, bookseller and publisher, of Johnstone, and foumler of the first weekly newspaper printed in that place. On the maternal side, he is of Celtic origin. His granduncle, the late Robert Montgom- ery, was for many years a prominent manu- facturer in Johnstone, where he was held in 232 A CYCLOPEDIA OF high esteem by his fellow citizens. John- stone forms part of the Paisley Abbey par- ish, a district famous for its schoolp, and it was at one of the best of V. ose that the subject of our sketch received the rudiments of his education. From the parish school he went to the Glasgow E. C. Training Col- lege, an institution founded by Stowe, and one from which America has drawn several prominent educationists. He entered col- lege as a Queen's scholar of the first rank, and after completing the full course of study, retired with the highest certificates granted by the lords of committee of Council on Education, and with special certificates from the science and art department, Kensing- ton. After coming to this country, he be- came a graduate of Queen's University, Kingston, and some years ago he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from the Illinois University, after completing the three years post. graduate course in the sec- tion of metaphysical science. In 1881 he was unanimously elected a fellow of the Educational Institute of Scotland, an honour seldom conferred upon teachers labouring outside of Britain, and only upon those of advanced experience. Before leaving Scot- land he had received an appointment to an academy in New Brunswick, where he la- boured successfully for the full term of his engagement. After several years residence in the Maritime provinces, he was eventu- ally appointed principal oi the Victoria and High Schools, St. John, N.B. , the largest institution of the kind in that section of Canada. Here, as elsewhere, he laboured to raise the teaching profession in the esti- mation of the public, and endeavoured to foster an esprit de corps among the teachers themselves. He succeeded in introducing many of the improved methods of imparting instruction by holding meetings with the teachers, and otherwise followed up his efforts in this direction by giving instruction in drawing, chemistry, botany, and kindred subjects. In 1877 the Hon." L. H. Davies, premier of Prince Edward Island, visited the educational institutions of St. John, and meeting with the principal of the Victoria School, was not slow in recognizing his worth as an educationist. After carefully exam- ining the system under which the St. John schools were being conducted, and no doubt anxious to introduce such a system in his own province, he invited Dr. Harper to ac- cept the position of superintendent of Edu- cation in Prince Edward Island. This generous offer, however, was declined, as the head master of the Victoria School had no desire to leave his adopted province. But not long after, the Victoria School building was destroyed in the great fire of St. John, and, on hearing of the calamity, Mr. Davies followed up his previous offer by asking Dr. Harper to rssurae the princi- palship of the Provincial Normal School in Charlottetown. This the latter did, but only on the understanding that he would be free to return te St. John as soon as the Victoria School was rebuilt. While on the island the value of his work was at once keenly appreciated. In a letter written by the premier, in which he gives expression to the general sentiment of the public in re- gard to educational progress on the island, he says : " As a matter of fact, Mr. Harper organized the whole school. What existed under the name of Normal School was merely a name. He infused life and vita- lity into it. The bitterness of religious strife was such when he took charge as to defy all attempts to make the school in any sense a provincial one. By tact and judi- cious management, he succeeded in over- coming all that, and under his rule the school has been a great success. Intimately connected with him as I was for nearly two years, I can speak of his ability, tact, and administrative power, because he was, in addition to being principal of the Normal School, also superintendent of the city schools. He succeeded in carrying out the difficult task of grading Protestant and Ca- tholic children in the schools, so that entire satisfaction was given to the citizens. I consider the province owes him a debt of gratitude for his successful labours." Nor is the testimony of others less explicit. "Mr. Harper," says the Rev. Mr. McLen- nan, "has occupied for some time the posi- tion of principal of the Normal School of this province, and of superintendent of the city schools, having been invited to occupy these offices by the government for the pur- pose of establishing a system of training, organization and equipment suitable to give effect to a Public School Act, passed by the legislature in 1877. The high reputation which he enjoyed as a teacher and writer on school affairs — the infiuential situation he was filling at the time as principal of the Victoria School, St. John, New Brunswick, and the recommendation of prominent edu- cationists who were acquainted with his career, pointed him cut as eminently fitted for the position offered to him in Prince Edward Island. The heavy task which he undertook was performed with vigour, abil- ity, and acknowledged success. The condi- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY •233 tion of the city schools, in point of organi- zation and methods of instruction, was soon brought into conformity with that which characterizes the best public schools in other provinces. A superior public edifice was constructed at a cost of $30,000 ; while in the Normal School the work of instruction and training, conducted more immediately by himself, gave indications of the value of that special work, virtually new in this pro- vince." At the end of a year or more, when Dr. Harper proposed to return to St. John, the government of Prince Edward Island, being anxious to continue the work of edu- cational progress so successfully inaugurated, put forth every t fFort to induce him to re- sign his position in New Brunswick, and to take up his abode permanently in Charlotte- town. After some delay they succeeded, and for three years the subject of our sketch became a resident of the island, holding during the last year of his residence, when a change of government, in 1879, brought about the amalgamation of the Normal School and the Prince of Wales College, the position of professor in the amalgamated institution, with special supervision of the department for the training of teachers. Beyond his professional reputation, how- ever. Dr. Harper has not failed to make his mark as a gentleman of matured literary tastes. From his earliest years he has taken a deep interest in literature and literary pursuits. In Nova Scotia he took an active part in establishing a literary periodical, devoted at its inception to the cultivation of Canadian literature, and has continued more or less frequently to contribute to our periodical literature in prose and verse. Many of his lyrics have been highly praised, while some of his poems in the Scottish dia- lect meiit a prominent place in the literature of his native country. He also enjoys a reputation of some distinction as a writer and compiler of school text-books, and is the author of several excellent lectures, in- cluding "Plato," "The New Education," " Cause and Effect in School Work," and others. The Literary and Historical Society of Quebec is indebted to him for two valu- able papers, published in the Transactions, and entitled, " The Maritime Provinces," and " The Development of the Greek Drama." He is also a contributor to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada. For many years Dr. Harper was rector of the Quebec High School, and for a season was also professor of mathematics in Morin College. At present he holds the position of inspector of Superior schools for the pro- vince of Quebec, being, besides, editor of the Educational Record, examiner for teach- ers' licenses, and secretary-treasurer of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners. He is also president of the teachers' local association ; vice-president of the Provincial Association of Teachers ; vice-president of the Quebec Literary and Historical Society, and president of the St. Andrew's Society. In the rank of progressive educationists, Dr. Harper occupies a prominent place. Few can show a fuller record of honest work done in the interests of education in Canada. Indeed, he has always been most ready to lend his experience, professional training, and literary ability to advance the interests of a calling which is now being universally recognized as second in importance to no other. He was married to Agnes, daughter of William Kirk wood, of Stanley Muir, Pais- ley, by whom he has had two sons and five daughters. Mrs. Harper died in 1883. Ljall, Rev. William, LL.D., Pro- fessor of Logic and Psychology in Dalhousie University, Halifax, is a Scotchman by birth, having been born in Paisley, on the 11th of June, 1811. He received his primary edu- cation in the Paisley Academy, then studied in the Glasgow College, and afterwards spent two years in the Edinburgh University. He adopted the ministerial profession, and was minister for some time of the Free Church (Presbyterian), Uphall, Linlithgow. He came to Toronto, Ontario, in 1848, and took a position as tutor in Knox College of that city. Two years afterwards, in 1850, he re- moved to Halifax, Nova Scotia, receiving the appointment of professor of classics and mental philosophy in the Free Church Col- lege there. In 1860, on the union of the Free and United Presbyterian churches in Nova Scotia, he held the same office in the united colleges at Truro. In 1803, when the Collegiate Institution was amalgamated with Dalhousie College, he was appointed to the professorship of Logic and Psychol- ogy in the Dalhousie University, Halifax, and this position he has continued to fill ever since. Professor Lyall has contributed several papers on theological and philosoph- ical subjects to Canadian and foreign re- views. In 1855, he published a volume on philosophy entitled "Intellect, the Emo- tions, and the Moral Nature," which was very favourably noticed by the reviewers at the time, and which he has used as a text- book in his prelections ever since. In 1864 he received the degree of LL.D. from Mc- Gill University, Montreal. He is evangeli- cal in his religious views. 234 A CYCLOPEDIA OF Johnston, Clias. Hazcn Levingc, M.D., L.R.C.S., Edinburgh, St. John, New Brunswick, was born at St. John on the 21st December, 1843. He is the youngest and only surv-i%-ing son of the late John Johnston, who was a graduate of King's college, Windsor, Nova Scotia, barrister-at- law. member of parliament for the city of St. John, and for many years joolice magis- trate for the same place ; and grandson of Hugh Johnston, sr., who settled in New Brunswick, in 1783. became one of the lead- ing merchants of St. John, and for seven- teen years consecutively rejiresented that city and county in the legislature. This gentleman was married to Margaret Thiir- burn, a Scotch lady, and a member of a very old family in Roxburgshire. Charles H. L. Johnston, the subject of this sketch, received his education at the Grammar School in St. John, New Brunswick, King's College, Aberdeen, and at the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. After his return to St. John he begjin the practice of his profes- sion, and during the Fenian disturbance on the border, acted as assistant surgeon to the militia forces. During 1876 he occupied the position of surgeon to the Marine Hos- pital. Dr. John-ston joined the order of Masons in 1872, and became worshipful master of Leinster lodge. No. 19, in 1876. He has travelled a good deal in Britain and on the continent of Europe, and has pro- fited professionally a good deal thereby. He has always belonged to the Episcopal church. On June 30th, 1886 he married Julia Augusta Barrett. jWercler, Hon. Ilonorc, Premier of the Pro\'iuce of Quebec. — Among contem- porary Canadian statesmen, a foremost place must be assigned to the present pre- mier of the pro\'ince of Quebec. The Hon. Honore Mercier is not only a man of mark by reason of his jjosition at the head of the government of one of the most important provinces of the Canadian confederation, but he is a remarkable man in every sense of the term. Speaking of him some years ago, while he was yet in opposition and little known Ijeyond the limits of his own province, an eminent public writer said: — ••He is certainly a man of much promise on whom this country, quite as much as any party, can build hopes of great usefulness." This estimate is being daily realized. The great central figure in a new rhjiitiP which ■commands the confidence and sympathy of an ever increasing parliamentary and pop- ular majority in the province of Quebec, Mr. Mercier already fills a great space also in the eyes and hopes of the Canadian peo- ple as a whole. His fame as a popular leader, as a man of rare energy and ability, and as an exceptionally bold and successful political tactician, is no longer merely local. Within a remarkably brief period, it has extended all over the dominion, and his name is now almost as familiar from Hali- fax to Vancouver as that of Sir John A. Macdonald, whom he is said to resemble in many respects as a strategist and a parlia- mentary athlete of the first rank. From comjjarative pro\T.ncial obscurity, he has sjDrung into a general prominence and im- portance with a rapidity almost without parallel in Canadian history. This circum- stance is not so much due to his surprising success as the head and front of the great so-called national movement in the province of Quebec which followed the execution of Kiel, and obliterated to a large extent much of the old party lines there, as to the bold and original stand which he has taken in defence of provincial rights and interests; and which has identified him, so to speak, with the cause of all the jDrovinces of the Canadian confederation, against what are termed the encroachments and centralizing tendencies of the federal power. The sub- ject of our sketch is a striking example of what can be achieved by natural talent, in- domitable energy and force of character, coupled with political sagacity of a high order, and a ready appreciation of men and op2)ortunity. After the provincial elections of 1881, it seemed as if the Liberal party in Quebec had been irretrievably beaten. They had been literally swept from the polls throughout the entire province, and muster- ed only fifteen representatives in the House of Assembly. It is beyond our purview to discuss the means by which this result, as well as the party's disaster at the federal elections in the following year, came about. Suffice it to say that the cause seemed hope- lessly lost, and that the Conservatives ap- ])eared to have tightened their hold more firmly than ever on the proA'ince of Quebec, which had so long been the sheet-anchor of Toryism in Canada. Even the most ardent Li])erals. the most persevering champions of the party, were discouraged, and if they continued the fight, it was more out of a sense of i^atriotism and for the honour of the CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY 235 old flag than with any hope of \actory, near or remote. There was one of the number, however, who did not despair at this dark hour of the party's fortunes. This man was the Hon. Honore Mercier. With undaimted courage, with wondrous tenacity of jjurpose and impUcit confidence in the future, he be- gan the work of reorganization on the very morrow of defeat The task of collecting the scattered elements of the party and of leading them to \dctory seemed a herculean if not an impossible one to accomplish. But Mr. Mercier did not falter in it, and in the short space of four years he successfully achieved what, under other circumstances, would have taken at least a quarter of a century. Under his skilful leadership the vanquished of 1879 and 1881 have become the victors, and Mr. Mercier now reigns su- preme in the province of Quebec. Through- out his whole career he seems to have been actuated by two grand ideas, one of which was to enlarge his policy and the basis of Ms party, to close u]^ the breaches in it, to gather around him patriotic men without distinction of origin or party, and to throw ojaen to all a broad groimd of couciliation; and the other, which has been perhaps the most fruitful, to conquer the hearts of the people and to make his cause a popular one in the fullest sense of the term. Few public men have been better endowed by nature for the purpose. Still in the hey-day of life and manly vigour, Mr. Mercier combines great physical gifts with large magnetic personal influence. His face is of the Na- poleonic type, and suggestive of extraor- dinary mental power and force of character. He looks in every sense of the words a man born to command; but, behind the mask of imperiousness, lies a fund of geniality and good nature which has earned for him the resj^ect of his adversaries and the undying devotion of his friends through good and evil fortune. Much of his popularity no doubt is due to his political capacity, but still more of it may be ascribed to the gen- erosity of his character and the fidelity of his 2)ersonal and party frien Iships. From his very first apj^earance in the public arena, it was clear to every one that he was essen- tially a popular leader; but recent events have ])roved that he possesses in an eminent degree also all the qualities of a successful political leader, — ability, tact, dijilomacy, decision of character, foresight, the states- manlike breadth of view which soars beyond the triumphs of the hour to grasp the ne- cessities of the morrow, and that loyalty which inspires confidence and renders alli- ances durable. As an orator, it may be fairly said that he has few equals. Few public speakers of his day excel him in the art of swaying an audienc^, whether cul- tured or illiterate. He touches their feelings or appeals to their reason with a force and a logic that always teU. A brilliant lawyer and a perfect master of parliamentary fence, he has also been described as belonging to that class of men who are always ready for duty, always equij^ped for a fight, and his blows invariably tell with sledge-hammer force. At the same time it must be con- ceded that he is a manly fighter, never tak- ing an unfair advantage of an adversary, and always showing the courteous and pol- ished Frenchman's aversion to imnecessar- ily wound the feelings of others. His as- tonishing industry also constitutes one of his chief claims to the admiration of his friends, coupled with the courage and pluck which has carried him to victory against what at one time appeared the most desper- ate odds. He has lived a busy life, divided between journalism, law and politics; but it is munly iti his public capacity that his assiduity and powers of ajjjjlication have come to be most known and appreciated. Whether as leader of the Opposition or of the Government, he has been and is an in- defatigable worker, always at his post and accomplishing more in a day than other public men usually do in weeks. Another secret of his great prestige among his fellow countrymen is to be found in his acute and rapid perception of the drift of popular opinion in his province, and the people's growing confidence in the earnestness of his patriotism. As already stated, Mr. Premier Mercier is still in the full prime and vigour of life, his age being only forty-seven. He first saw the light in Iber- ville county, in the year 1840. He comes of a faaiily of simple farmers, or Ji<(hita)its, as they are styled in Lower Canada, origin- ally from Old France, but settled for sev- eral generations in the county of Mont- magny, below the city of Quebec. His father was not wealthy, and had to provide for the wants of a large household; but he was a man of energy and foresight, and thought no sacrifice too great to arm his children for the battle of life by means of a liberal education. At the aa:e of fourteen 236 .4 CYCLOPAEDIA OF years, young Mereier was sent to the Jes- uits' College in Montreal to complete Ids edu- cation, which ho finally did after a brilliant course of study: and. even to the present day, the premier of Quebec reverts with pleasurable recollection to his early strug- gles after knowledge, and loses no occasion to testify his affectionate and grateful re- gard tov the masters who first taught his " young idea how to shoot."' The ardour with which he took up the cause of the Jesuits during last session of the Quebec legislature, and cham]:)ioned it to %"ictory in the passing of their charter bill, is largely explained by this feeling, strengthened by the conviction that the legislature had no warrant to refuse to one religious order the ordinary privilege of ci\il rights which it had so freely granted to others. Like the vast majority of his French Canadian fel- low countrymen, the premier of Quebec is, of course, a Eoman Catholic, and imbibed a lively faith in the doctrines of that church from his parents and the teachei'S of his youth. That faith has not diminished, but increased ^vith his maturer years. Still there was a time, and not yet very remote either, when, on account of his political liberalism and alliances, his orthodoxy was more than once seriously questioned by his political foes to his personal and party de- triment. However, this has all passed away. It is now conceded by Papal authority that a man may be a Liberal in politics and yet a good Catholic; and the Lower Canadian clergy have come to understand that Mr. Mereier is not only a sincere Catholic in theory and practice, but that the interests of their church are as safe in his hands as in those of the self-constituted champions who 2)roclaim their zeal for the faith from the housetops. At the same time, he is no narrow-minded bigot. There is i)robably no public man in the dominion free from religious or sectional bias. He never asks " the brave soldier who fights by his side in the cause of mankind, if their creeds agree." A French Canadian in heart and soul, and a thorough sfm of the soil, still strict and impartial justice to all classes, races and creeds ; undue favour to none, seems to be the motto upon which he has always acted in the past and desires to act in the future. Now, to return to the career of our .subject. Some time after leaving college, young Mereier decided to make the law his pro- fession. He acccrdiu'dv entered the office of Laframboise roach of their own official death. But they had resolved, for the honour of the cause and its future interests, to fight it out bravely and worthily to the end. They needed the helj) of a bturdy and experienced spirit for the purpose, and Mr. Mercier, who did not hesitate a moment about undertaking the task, was a few days afterwards elected to the Quebec legislature for St. Hyacinthe by the large majority of 307 votes. As so- licitor-general in Mr. Joly's cabinet, Mr. Mercier's official career was too brief to permit of his displaying more than the qualities of an admirable law officer of the Crown; but, on the floor of the Quebec Assembly, he at once took a foremost place as an orator, debater and legislator. After the fall of the Joly Cfbinet, Mr. Mercier momentarily entertained the idea of retiring from public life for good and all, not that he despaired of the righteousness in his own mind of the cause which he support- ed, but more probably because this last attempt of the Liberals to capture and hold Quebec province, in which he had been called t(j take a too tardy part, had strengthened his long rooted conviction, that that party as then constituted in Low- er Canada, were acting on too narrow and defective a basis to make successful head- way against the existing combination of Tory interests and prejudices. According- ly, having in the meantime removed in March, 1881, from St. Hyacinthe to Mon- treal, where he had formed a new law part- nership with Messrs. Beausoleil & Marti- neau, he announced his intention to not come forward at the general elections of that year. This announcement produced a most pow- erful sensation throughout the province, but especially among his constituents of St. Hyacinthe, who, regardless of their party divisions, rose as one man to beg of him to reconsider his decision, which he finally did after long and earnest reflection, when he was returned once more to the legislature by acclamation. About this period of his career, or shortly afterwards, occurred the incident of the coalition, which came very nearly splitting up the Liberal party. En- lightened men in the ranks of both parties in the province felt that the existing state of things could not continue much longer; that their jjublic men were wasting their ■energies in fruitless contention; and that ruin, political and financial, stared Quebec in the face unless the politicians on both sides clasped hands to forget old feuds and to form a strong coalition government on the broad national ground which might fearlessly apply the heroic remedies de- manded by the critical nature of the situa- tion. Mr. Mercier was all the more open to the advances made him from the other side, both during the administrations of Mr. Chapleau and his successor, the late Mr. Mousseau, in favour of this new depart- ure, that he had streniiously advocated a policy of conciliation and union for the na- tional good throTighout his whole public hfe. He j^robably made a mistake in sup- posing that the hour was ripe for the frui- tion of such a policy, and that nothing more was needed to a general conviction of its necessity. But even so, the error was a generous one, prompted by patriotism. The proposals for a coalition, however, did not emanate from Mr. Mercier, but from his ad- 240 A CYCLOPEDIA OF versaries, that he only consented to enter- tain them uj^on certain well defined and strictly honourable conditions, and that in the entire business he was true to the con- trolling idea of his career as to the absolute necessity of union for the salvation of his native province. In the beginning of the session of 1883, Hon. Mr. Joly resigned the direction of the provincial Liberal party, and Mr. Mercier was unanimously chosen to succeed him, on Mr. Joly's own motion, as the leader of the opposition. In this new and important role he at once found fitting opportunity and scoj^e to display the great qualities which in so brief a jjeriod have j)laced him in the foremost ranks of French Canadian statesmen. Within the short sjiace of three years he successively showed what an able and intrepid leader can do with the support of a small but disciplined and trusty band of parliamentary followers, to retrieve the fallen fortunes of his party, and to de- fend and lead to -victory a popular cause the moment circumstances placed it in his hands. During the first j^ortion of his task. Mr. Mercier maintained a struggle which cannot be otherwise characterized than as heroic. With a following in the House of Assemljly reduced to fifteen members against fifty, he kept in check three succes- sive governments of his adversaries, and if he did not succeed in defeating the two first by a vote, he at least forced them to take flight. One after the other, Messrs. Cha- pleau and Mousseau were compelled to retire from the field, admitting themselves to be too grievously stricken to continue the fight any longer against so sturdy an opponent, whose scathing denunciations of their j^ol- icy and administrative methods were grad- ually arousing public opinion from its apa- thy with regard to the financial and politi- cal dangers that seemed to threaten the safety of the province. During this period, too. as well as during the rule of the suc- ceeding Ross administration, Mr. Mercier not only exerted a mighty influence on cur- rent legislation, l^ut jjroved himself the fearless and ardent defender of provincial rights, and lost no occasion to condemn in forcible terms what he had characterized as the grovelling and ruinous subserviency of the provincial conservatives to the over- shadowing infiuence of Ottawa. His sym- pathy with the cause of constitutional lib- erty also foimd strong expression on more than one occasion in sup])ort of the Irish Home Rule movement and against coercion, and the various resolutions of the Quebec legislature on the subject either owed their paternity to him or in a large measure their adojjtion. From the session of 1886, the last of that parliament, the Ross ministry emerged woefully crijjpled by the sustained yigoiir of Mr. Mercier's assaults, and with ' the outlook for the general elections com- ' plicated and darkened for the success of the I Tory cause by the Riel afTair. Still, even [ tinder the circumstances, it is doubtful ; whether, with the influence and active as- j sistance of the Ottawa government, and in I the usual way, i\Ir. Ross would not have carried a majority of the constituencies but j for the sjDht in the conservative ranks and the astounding energy and ability thrown I by Mr. Mercier into the campaign, which I preceded the general elections, and which { was probably the most anxious and exciting I ever fought in Lower Canada. As the ac- ' cepted leader of the new National party formed in that province out of a combina- I tion of the liberals and conservative bol- ters, he not only directed the whole move- ment, but personally traversed the province almost from end to end. addressing as many as one hundred and sixty public meetings, and everywhere making his influence felt for the promotion of the cause. The elec- tions came on in October, 1886, and result- ed in a victory for the Nationals. But for several months afterwards the country was kept in a painful state of ferment by the reftisal of the Ross government to recog- nize their defeat or to call the legi.slature. It has been charged that they spent the interval in endeavouring to seduce the few National Conservatives elected from their allegiance to Mr. Mercier; btit. if so, they failed, and the circumstance only tends to further attest his tact and skill as a i^oliti- cal manager and strategist. Finally they were compelled by the force of public opin- ion to meet the representatives of the peo- ple in January. 1887, when Mr. Mercier and his supporters met v\-ith a triumphal ; reception at the provincial capital, and the 2302-)ular verdict rendered against the Tories at the polls in October was ratified by a j majority of nine in the House of Assembly on the first vote for the election of the I sjjeaker. Still the Ross ministry would not ! resign until ]Mr. Mercier rendered their hu- j miliation more com2:)lete by taking the con- trol of the house out of their hands, and CANADIAN BIOGR-'^PHY. 241 carrying the adjournment against their will, i amid one of the most exciting scenes ever witnessed in legislative halls. In a few more hours the Koss administration had j ceased to exist. Mr. Mercier was called i upon by the lieutenant-governor to form i a new cabinet, and in less than twenty-four ] hours more, with his usual decision and : promptitude, he had made his choice of i his colleagues, and announced it to the j legislature and the country, both of which i received it with marked satisfaction. He j also demanded and obtained an adjourn- ment of both houses until the following | March, in order to alloAV of his own re-elec- | tion and that of his colleagues (which took j place in each case by acclamation ), and to | get time to prejiare his programme for the i regular work of the session, when the ! . i speech from the throne was delivered, and ; he jDublicly a])peared for the first time as leader of the (xovernment and the Assembly. Considering the shortness of the time at I their disposal for preparation, the policy formulated by the new government consti- tuted a very satisfactory instalment of the reforms which Mr. Mercier and his friends had advocated while in opposition. Its principal planks were the restoration of the finances to a sound l^asis. the readjustment of the representation, and the lietter protec- tion of provincial rights and autonomy. The measures proposed for the purjoose by ministers, with the excejJtiou of that relat- ing to the readjustment of the rei^resenta- tion which was held over for more exhaus- tive study until another session, were all sanctioned by the house, and by the end of the se.ssion the government's majority had materially increased in the Assembly, while in the Crown-nominated V)raneh, the Legislative Council, much less partisan ob- struction was encountered than had been anticipated. Its close left him more firmly seated in the saddle than ever, and with an addition to his })restige and popularity, which has been since largely increased by the marvelloTis success of his administra- tion as evidenced in the settlement of the long pending dispute with Ontario, respect- ing the di^^sion of the Common School Fund, and the unusually advantageous ne- gotiation of the new pro\'incial loan of three and a half millions. These and a number of other happy incidents of his official ca- reer thus far have l^een attributed by his adversaries to good luck; but there is far O more reason to think that they are ascrib- able to good management. In his profes- sion, Mr- Mercier has risen to the highest honours. He is actually the attorney-gen- eral as well as the premier of Quebec. He has been t%vice bdtonnier of the bar of the Montreal district, and the respect entertain- ed for him by his legal colleagues is so great that they unanimously elevated him not long since to the still more distinguish- ed eminence of bdtonnier-general of the bar of the pro\'ince. It is not given to man to pierce the veil that conceals the future from human ken, but, judging of Mr. Mercier's future by his j^ast, there is reason to confidently hope for nuich solid and lasting good to the pro\ince of Quebec and indirectly to the Dominion, from his con- tinuation at the head of the public admin- istraticm of that important member of the Canadian confederation where his presence has already Avorked a marked change for the better. That he has been the object of serious misrepresentation in the past there can be no manner of doubt. Heralded to the world as the apostle of an advanced radicalism which in reality has no repre- sentative in this country, he has n(jt only preached, but practised a dilferent gospel, and in office has proved himself to be un- usually moderate and conciliatory, as well as a man of broad and generous A-iews. free from sectionalism, and exceedingly anxious to do justice to all races, classes and creeds, yet fully determined to work out the re- generation of his native province on the great lines of reform which he has ever re- garded as essential to that de.sirable end. Alarmists, for partisan purposes, may ailect to beheve that he is unfriendly to the rights and pri%-ileges -i the English speaking minority in the province of Quebec; but he has done nothing yet to warrant that impression, and in the speech which he de- livered at St. Hyaciuthe, on the 16th June la.st f 1887 j, during the great demonstration there in his honour, he emitted no uncer- tain sound on the subject. On that occa- sion he made use of the following language, which should, it seems, dissipate the last remnant of ap2)rehension, if any be enter- tained, as to the fair-minded spirit by which he is actuated : — We have endeavoured durinrj the last session to remove the re^'retable prejudices which our enemies have succeeded in creating in the hearts of the Protestant minority against us, and especi- 242 A CYCLOPEDIA OF ally against myself. We did not concern our- selves with the' injustice of which we have been the victims, and we have always been just and sometimes very liberal t( >wards Pi otestants._ \y e were determined to reven.^'e acts of injustice bv acts of justice, and to answer injuries by acts of kindness and wonis of courtesy. All the English Protestant members of the legislature, with the exception of one, have systematically and invari- ably voted against us, and have refused to grant us that " British fair play " of which En;,dishmen s') much boast. This conduct on the part of the minority has not made us deviate from the right path - the path of justice ; we have been just to- wards the minority as if it had been likewise just towards us, and we will continue to give it that "British fair play " which its representatives in the legislature have so constantly refused to ac- cord to us. But let the Protestant minority per- mit me to say nciw, before this immense audience, composed for three-fourths of French Canadians and Catliolics, that the National Party will re- spect and cause to be respected the rights of that minority ; that the National Party desires to live in peace and harmony with all races and creeds ; and that it intends to render justice to all, even to those who refuse to render it in return. In private life the premier of Quebec is a charming conversationalist, and one of the most genial of companions. He has been t-^dce married, firstly, to Leo]>oldine Boiviu, of St. Hyacinthe, who died leaving one daughter; and la.stly, to Yirginie St. Denis, also of St. Hyacinthe. Madame Mercier is one of the most distinguished members of French Canadian society, and fittingly adorns the prominent position to which she has been called by the side of her eminent husband, Cliaiiiborhiin, David Clevelaiul, Insurance and General Agent. Pembroke, Ontario, was born at Point Fortune, pro- vince of (Quebec, on the 22nd July, 1838. His father was Hiram Chamberlain, and his mother, Elizabeth Minerva Hayes. The family removed from Point Fortune in 1842, to a place on the Ottawa river, a new settle- ment in the town.ship of Westmeath. in lienfrew county, then known as the Head of P i([uett"s Kapids. Though at the time tlie place was little better than a wilderne.ss, Mr. Chamberlain, sen., l^egan to manufac- ture lumber, and sur-cessfully carried on this business until his death, which occurred in (Quebec city in 1854, from cholera. He left a family consisting of a widow and six children. th<.> subject of our sketch Ijeing Ihe eldest. After sfcurimr some education at tlie ])ublic school, ^):(^■id entraged him- s(df as I'lcrk with Alt-xandi'i- Fi-aser. a lum- ber merchant, \\lio. bv th<> wav. .subse- 'luentlv married his sistiT. ajid with this gentleman he remained until 1868, when he removed to Pembroke, and began biisiness on his own account as a merchant. He con - tinned to trade until 1876, and then gave np mercantile pursuits, adoj^ting in lieu thereof a general insurance agency. Since then he has worked hard, and has succeeded in building up a jirofitable business in that line. He now re|jresents in that district of country twelve of the principal English and Canadian fire insurance companies, and the Standard Life Insurance Company of Scot- land, doing business in Canada. Outside of business. Mr. Chamberlain has taken a jiart in the world's w-ork. He is a member of the Oddfellows' organization ; has been a school trustee; was for twelve years a mem- ber of the High School l:)oard; treasurer of the township of Westmeath; and at present is treasurer of the school moneys of the town of Pembroke. He belongs to the Methodist denomination; and in politics is a Liberal-Conservative. On January 10,. 1860. he married Martha Maria Huntington, daughter of Erastus Huntington, and has a family of five children living. Aii;;^crs, lloii. Aii^ii^tc Real, Judge of the Superior Court, Quebec, was born in the citv of (Quebec on the 4th of October. 1838. ' His father. F. E. Angers, was a lawyer who occupied a distinguished position at the Quebec bar. Jttstice Angers studied at Xicolet College, in the province of Quebec, and entered his father's office to study law. He was admitted to the bar in 1860, and practised his profession with marked success in the law firm of Casault. Langlois and Angers. In 1874. he was made a Queen's counsel. When the Hon. J. E. Cauchon resigned his seat in 1874. the electors of the county of Montmorency elected him to represent them in the pro- vincial jjarliament. In the same year the Hon. M. de Boucherville was called upon to form a new cabinet, and he offered the port- folio of solicitor general to Mr. Angers, whose brilliant re])utation had marked him as a future minister. He accepted, taking the oath on the 22ud of September, and therefore becoming a minister without ever having occupied a seat in parliament. In 1875 Mr. de Boucherville taking a seat in the Legislative Council, the leadership of the Assembly fell into the hands of Mr. An- gers, wlio ])ecame attorney-,i,M'neral on the 26th .January. I.s76. Messrs. Angers and de Boucherville worke.l harnioniouslv to- CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 243 gether, both bein;^ scrupulously honest and equally devoted to the 23ul)lic iuterests. At that time the North Shore Railway,whieh had been talked about for thirty years, was yet in an embryo state, private enterprise having failed to earry out the scheme; they resolved to build the road as a govern- ment work, with the hel]) of the municipali- ties which had voted liberal grants towards the construction of the road. ^Montreal and Quebec having given .^1, 000.000 each. The wonderful debating powers of Mr. Angers, and his keen foresight in looking upon this railway as the future link of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and probably of a direct route to the seaboard, helped to carry the measure. Thanks to the construction of the North Shore Railway, Mt)ntreal. the metrojjolis of Canada, and (j)ueb(>c became de factn the terminal points of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and since the completion of this gigantic national highway, Montreal has added 40,000 to her pojjulation. As a legislator, Mr. Angers ranks ann)ng the foremost representative men of the Domin- ion; the Electoral Act and the Controverted Electicms Act bear testimcmy to his inti- mate knowledge of law. The former act has been universally admitted by tlic courts to be superior to the Dominion [net, while the latter ranks ecpially high. The oiqneie is made before one judge only, and the case is pleaded before three judges, whose de- cision is final, whereas in the case of the Federal law, a controverted election case that can be carried in a])peal to the Su- preme Court is distasteful to the peoj^le of the province of Quebec, and an appeal in- variably entails long delays and enormous costs. The Suj^erannuated Fund law, pro- %-iding for the widows and orj^haus of civil servants, is also due to Mr. Angers. This law is now in force, and gives satisfaction to all the parties concerned. Not the least important of the laws introduced by Mr. An- gers, and carried through the Lower House, in 1876, was the act framed by the govern- ment concerning education, and gi^•ing control to both Catholics and Protestants over their respective educational matters. It was mainly due to his efForts that the new departmental buildings were erected in Quebec, this being a guarantee that the historic city and the capital of letters of the Dominicm will permanently retain the seat of provincial government. Monti'eal and many other municipalities having failed to meet their obligations with respect to the grants they had voted to the North Shore Railway, a measure was introduced during the session of 1877-8, to compel these mun- icipalities to hand over the amounts they owed to the provincial treasury. Great importance was attached to this measure, inasmuch as the province would have had to pay the large amounts subscribed by the municipalities if the latter were allowed to evade their just liabilities. This bill, how- ever, as well as another government meas- ure having for its object an increase of rev- enue, created some agitation in political circles. The lieutenant-governor, Mr. Le- tellier de Saint-Just, a strong Liberal par- san, who had been a bitter enemy of the Conservative party during twenty years, dismissed the de Boucherville administra- tion from power on divers pretexts, proved groundless since, alleging among other jjre- tences. that the premier had not obtained the consent of the Crown before introduc- ing the two measures above mentioned. It was shown afterwards that Mr. de Boucher- ville had obtained from the lieutenant-gov- ernor a blank form for the introduction of the government's financial measures. On the dismissal of Mr. de Boucherville, the subject of our sketch took the leadership of the Conservative oppositicm, and caused the legislature to adopt several votes of want of confidence in the Liberal govei-n- ment, with Mr. Joly as premier. The latter appealed to the elec! orate, and at the gen- eral election held on the 28th of May, 1878. Mr. Angers was defeated in his constituen- cy ( Montmorency ) by a vote of twelve. His defeat was due partly to the united en- ergies of the Liberal i^arty, and jjartly to the iniluence of the city of Quebec, whose million Mr. Angers had endeavoured to ob- tain for the jjrcn'ince, were thrown in the balance against him. Thoroughly con- vinced that the conduct of the lieutenaut- goyernor was contrary to the usages of re- sponsible government, and that such a pre- cedent woukl prove dangerous to provincial rights, Mr. Angers determined to bend his energies towards procuring the dismissal of Mr. Letellier, and when Sir John A. Mac- donald came into jjower at Ottawa, at the general elections of 1878, he ( Mr. Angers), together with Hon. J. A. Ouimet (now Speaker, 1887), and the late Hon. Justice Mousseau, took steps to attain that object, and their efforts were crowned with success. 244 A CYCLOPAEDIA OF In 1880, Mr. Angers was elected a member ] of the House of Commons for the county , of Montmorency by an enormous majority. | and after sitting one session, was elevated | to the bench, to the great regret of his \ friends who had every reason to believe \ that a brilliant ])olitical career was still in | store for him. After the election of 1886, ; the provincial premiership Avas offered to | Mr. Angers, but as his acceptance of the ; post involved a question of })rinciple. he ; did not feel inclined to accept it, and on the | Hon. L. O. Taillon's resignation. Mr. Mer- j cier was offered the position, which he ac- | cepted. The parliamentary career of Mr. Angers showed that as a debater he had no ' su])erior. and few equals in the C(juntry. ■ A generous heart, a manly, straightforward character, an unblemished rejDutation. pro- j found legal learning, such are the sterling ' qualities that will make of Mr. Angers an honour and an ornament to the Canadian , bench. It may be added that he is a Can- j adian. in the sense it is understood by the ; men who intend to make this Domiuion a great country. Wood, Robert Edwin, Barrister, Peterboro', Outarir*. was born on the 31st of August, 181:7, in the township of South Monaghan. county of Northumberland. His father, Rol^ert Wood, emigrated from York- shire, England, and settled in South Mona- ghan, in 1833, and died in 18.57. His mother was Sarah Armstrong, of Monaghan. Ireland. Robert was educated at the Co- bourg Grammar School and Victoria Col- lege. He graduated in arts in 1873, and immediately afterwards entered the law office of the late John Coyne, then M.P.P. for the cvith an increase in the revenue, in- crease in the value of timber limits, mineral lands, — and by many useful rules and regu- lations, calculated to j^romote colonization and the welfare of the many 2)ersons in the province who are occupiers of crown lands. Many other important measures were framed by him and carried through the legislature through him, namely : The Quebec General Mining Act of 1880; several acts concern- ing the crown lands, railways, the protec- tion of forests, and encouragement of plant- ing of trees, etc. He has also always taken a most lively interest in the question of the construction of a railway from Metapedia, on the Intercolonial Railway to Paspebiac and Gaspe Basin. Grants in land were se- cured in 1882, whilst he was commissioner of Crown Lands, and the same were converted into money grants under his auspices as commissioner of railways. He believes that in the constriiction of this line rests the future welfare of the pojoulation of the Gasj^ti peninsula. His travels have been always directed towards the acquisition of a complete knowledge of Canada, and the ditferent parts thereof. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He was married on the nth May, 1875, to Maria Mathilde Augus- tine, daughter of Augustin Cote, editor of Lc J()in-)Hil de Quebec, and niece to the late Hon. Joseph Cauchon, heretofore lieuten- ant-governor of Manitoba, etc. He has had ei^-h* children, of whom six are still li\'ing. He resides in (Quebec city. Ilaiiiiijftoii, lloii. i>aiiicl Li.,Q.C., M.P.P. for the county of Westmoreland, residence, Dorchester, New Brunswick, was born at Shediac, N.B., on the 27th June, 1835. His father. Colonel Hanington. was for long years a member of the Assembly and Legislative Council of New Brunswick ; and his mother Margaret Peters, a daughter of William Peters, a U. E. loyalist, wlio for years represented Queens county in the New Brunswick legislature. Daniel, the subject of this sketch, received a Granunar School and academic educaticm at Shediac and Backville, in his native county. After leav- ing school he commenced the study of law Avith Charles Fisher, attorney-genei-al, of Fredericton. and finished with Judge A. L. Palmer, of Dorchester; was called to the bar of New Brunswick in 1861; and on the 11th November, 1881, was appointed a Queen's counsel. Mr. Hanington has been very successful in his profession, and has a large practice in the courts of his native province, and as counsel in Nova Scotia and in the Supreme Court of the Dominion. From 1867 to 187U he occuijied the posi- t'on of clerk of circuits and clerk of the 246 A CYCLOPEDIA OF county court of Westmoreland, when he resigned those offices to contest the elec- tion of that year, and was chosen to repre- sent the county of Westmoreland in the New Brunswick House of Assembly. He sat therein until the summer of 1874, when on again aj^jjealing for re-election, he was defeated on the "Bi])le and religions in- struction in the Common Schools" ques- tion, which he advocated. However, he was again chosen at the general elections of 1878, 1882, and 1886, to represent his old constituency. In July, 1878, he was ap- pointed a member of the Executive Council; and on the 25th May, of the year 1882, he became premier. In February, 1883, he resigned office with his colleagues. Mr. Hauington has always taken a deep interest in educational matters, and for about seven- teen years was a school trustee. In politics he is a Liberal of the old New Brunswick school of politicians ; is a supjDorter of the Liberal-Conservative government at Otta- wa, and took an active j^art in the last L)o- minion election. He is an adherent of the Episcopal church, which he represents in the Diocesan and also the Pro^•incial Synod. In October, 18(51, Hon. Mr. Hanington wjis married to Emily Myers, daughter of Tho- mas Robert Wetmore, barrister-at-law, and judge of probate, Gagetown, N.B. The fruits of this marriage have been seven children, three sons and four daughters. :VIelli!!>li, John Tlioiiia§, M.A., Hali- fax, Nova Scotia, was born at Pownal. Prince Edward Island, on January 26th, 18-41. He is the eldest son of the late James Lewis Mellish, of the same place, and Margaret Sophia, his wife, daughter of •lohn Murray, formerly of Tullamore, Ire- land; grandson of Thomas Mellish, known in his day as •' a most loyal British subject, and a devoted adherent of the Church of England ;" and great grandson of Thomas Mellish, an officer of the British army, and member of an old and highly respectable English family, who settled on Prince Ed- ward Island in 1770. Captain Mellish was for many years provost marshal or sheriff of the island, collector of customs, and a mem- ber of the Legislative AssemV)]y. An inter- esting trial tof)k ])lace at Charlottetown, in the early part of 1779, arising from his seizure of the C(mvoy ship DiirJic.ss af Gor- (lo)i, for smuggling. He took an active interest in the defence of the colony during the American war, and was on militarv duty, assisting in raising troops at Halifax and Fort Cumberland, during the winter of 1779-80, returning to the island in the fol- lowing spring. James Lewis Mellish, the father of John Thomas Melli.sh, died on the 14th Jtme, 1886, in the seventy-ninth year of his age. His mother, a native of New York, w^as a daughter of the late James Lewis Hayden, .7. P., a loyalist, who re- moved from Shelburne. N.S., to the island in 1785, having left New York in 1783. A newspaper extract says: "We have tore- cord the death of one of our oldest and most highly respected citizens. James !■. Mellish, Esq., late of PoviTial, departed this life on the 14th inst., at the residence of his son, Stewiacke, N.S., whither he had gone a short time before on a visit. His remains were brought home for interment. In his death the community loses a most worthy and upright citizen. Energy, strength and integrity were united in his character. From his youth up he was a devoted and active membef and office-holder of the Me- thodist church. He spent his life for the most part on his farm at the ])lace of his 1)irth. Mr. Mellish married, 31 arch 25th, 1840, Miss ^largaret Sophia Murray, a lady of strong mind and superior attainments, of whose companion.ship he Avas deprived by death about ten years ago. Their mar- ried life was l)lesseel with ten children, each one of whom is to-day occupying a position of usefulness and responsibility." John Thomas Mellish, the subject of our sketch, was educated at Prince of Wales College, Charlottetown, and Mount Allison College, Sackville, New Brunswick, and holds from the latter the degrees of B.A. and M.A. On the o])ening of Cumberland County Academy. Amherst, Nova Scotia, in 1865, Mr. Mellish, who had been teaching at Guysborough, was selected to fill the po- sition of head master, but resigned in 1870, in order to accept a situation in Mount Allison College and Male Academy, and was head master of this academy from 1871 to 1874. In the latter year, he was ajipointed on his own terms to tlie ])riucipal- ship of Albro Street School, Halifax, the largest school in the province. At the close of 1880, the .strain of constant school work on Mr. Mellish's health compelled him to place his resignation in the hands of the Halifax school commissioners, although that body the year l)efore had raised his salaiv for the third time, and designated CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 247 him to the position in the High School, va- cated by the late Dr. H. A. Bayne, on his appointment to the Royal Military College, Kingston. Official records and reports testi y to the great value of Mr. Mellish's services in the cause of education. The Suj)e- rior School grant was awarded to him when at Guysborough, his school being ranked as best in the county. While in charge of the academy at Amherst, he prepared a large number of students to matriculate in the different colleges, and a still larger num- ber to pass the examinations for teachers' licenses, from the academy or grade A license down. The last year he was at Mount Allison, it was found necessary to adti six additional dormitories, in order to ac- commodate the increased number of board- ers in the academy. Mr. Mellish has in his possession not loss than a dozen compli- mentary addresses and quite a number of pieces of plate, books, &c., presented to him by his pu])ils, on ;inniversary and other oc- casions. , In the summer of 1874, he made the tour of Great Britain anel Ireland, and has since delivered on many occasions a lecture entitled, " My Visit to Scotland." He frequently lectures on different subjects, and contributes to the newspaper press ; is the author of various papers and panq)hlets on educational and kindred topics, and of several papers on scientific subjects, pub- lishel in the Transactions of the Nova Scotia Institiite of Natiiral Science ; is a mem- b?r of the institute, and was associate sec- retary with the Rev. I). Honeyman, D.C.L., in 1875-80 ; has been president of the Teachers' Institutes, at different places; is a magistrate, and a local examiner of the University of Londcm ; was for several years a vice-president of the Halifnx Young Men's Christian Association ; and is a lay preacher of the Methodist church. Mr. Mellish married, July 18th, 1867, Martha Jane, only surviving daughter of the late Benjamin Chapp?ll, of Charlottetown. They have six children living, — Arthur, Alfred Ernest, Mary Sophia, Anne Elizabeth, Mar- tha Louise, and Frances, and one, John Thomas, died in infancy. All the children old enough are going to school. Arthur belongs *^o No. 3 Co , 82nd battalion mili- tia, and with his company was called out and (ordered to proceed to the front during the North-We -t rebellion. Every prepara- tion was made to start, but after the com- pany had been in barracks about a fortnight. the order was countermanded on account of the capture of Riel. Mr. Mellish has four brothers and five sisters: Rev. I. M. Mellish, Methodist minister, Novfi Scotia conference, formerly captain in reserve militia ; H. Pope, farmer, Stewiacke ; James Roland, chief agent British American Book and Tract Socitty, Halifax; Humj^hrey, mathematical master, Pictou Academy, B.A., of Dalhousie College, matriculated with honoTirs, first division in London University; Anne, wife of J.L. Archibald. J. P., of Halifax; Catha- rine Douglas, wife of Philip Large, Char- lottetown ; Mary (widow of the late A. N. Archibald, of Halifax), chief preceptress Mount Allison Ladies' College, Sackville, New Brunswick ; Martha Janet, and Mar- garet Elizabeth, unmarried. ITIoody, Rev. .Foliii Tlioiiia$i Tid- niarsli, D.D., Rector of Yarmouth, Nova Scotia. This deceased divine was born at Halifax, Nova Scotia, on the 25th of March, 1804. His father, John Moody, who was one of the earliest merchants of Halifax, was born in New York, June 19th, 1779. His great grandfather, John Moody, was born in Lcmdon, and also his grandfather, Thomas Moody, were loyalists. The family came to Nova Scotia about the year 1788. His mother was Mary R. Tidmarsh, of Halifax. His parents were married in 1800, and both lived to a great age, Mr. Moody to his 92nd and Mrs. Moody to her 86th year. The Rev. Dr. Moody received his education at King's College, Windsor ; took his B. A. degree in 1824 ; M.A. in 1833, and had the degree of D.D. (hon.) conferred, at the Encoenia of 1883, only a few months before his death. He was ordained deacon by the Rt. Rev. Jolm Inglis, D.D., bishop of Nova Scotia, who also ordained him priest in the following year. Immediately after his or- dination as deacon, he was apj^ointed to the rectorship of Liverpool, N.S., where he suc- ceeded the Rev. W. Twining, the first rec- tor, and had charge of this parish for nearly twenty years. His work was largely of a missionary character thi-oughout the county of Queens ; and he was also chairman of the board of school commissioners during that time. Before leaving Liverjjool he had the satisfaction of seeing his parish church much enlarged, two chajjels and several school-houses erected in the rural districts, and the communicants increased from 19 to 200. Rev. Dr. Moody's second appointment was that of rector of Yarmouth, in 1846, 248 A CYCLOPEDIA OF This position he held to the time of tis death, which took phice, suddenly, of apo- plexy, on the morning of the 18th of Octo- ber, 1883. During this period he saw the number of communicants in his parish more than trebled, and baj)tized. during his min- istry of fifty-one years. C(msiderably over 2.000 j^ersons. The })reseut parish church, which bears the name of Holy Trinity, was consecrated in 1872 by the' late Kt. Eev. Hil)bert Binuey, D.U.. bishop of Nova Sco- tia. It is a veTV handsome brick structure, in the early English period of architecture, and will seat about 700 persons. There are also two handsome school-houses in this parish. The church proj^erty is valued at about 840,000. One of the most pleasing events of his later years was the celebration of his golden wedding, on Tuesday, l-Jth of September. 1880. His surviving children were all present on that occasion. His par- ishioners and other friends took that opi)or- tunity of presenting him and his estimable wife with a cordial address, accompanied -n-ith a valuable present, as a shght token of their affectionate respect. "We quote the following from his obituary notice, which appeared in the Yarmouth 'i/cra/rZ of Oct. 25th, 1883 :— Surrounded by his sorrowing fami\v. his sainted spirit passed into the eternal sunlight before sick- ness had weakened his frame, or au'e had dimmed his faculties. He died in the eightieth year of his age, beloved and honored not merely in the church of which, for thirty-seven years continu- ously, he had been pastor, not in the wide family circle with which he was comiected, but univer- sally wherever he was known, by people of all ages, classes, and creeds. A well-rounded, com- plete, and in many respects beautiful life had come to its close. Nothing was lacking to the com- pletion of his work. Dr. Moody was, in many respects, a unique and singularly attractive char- acter. As a preacher his manner was expressive of sincerity of thought, love for liis people, and a deep desire to do good, which im]iressed alike the thoughtless and the reverend. His discourses were simple in outline, clear and unambiguous in expression, and pervaded with the profoundest piety and Icjve for souls. His manner was singu- larly benignant and attractive, and his presej^ce amid scenes of sorrow and sufieiing was always effective and consoling. Ifis rendering of the no- ble ritual of the church has ever been market! for its power and pathos, his voice being rich, full, harmonidus, and exquisitely modulated, without the least a])pearance of study or affecta- tii>n. I'here seemed very little alloy of human passion in his hunianity ; the closer the aopiaint- ance the more comjjlete, hajijiy and niDre fully satisfactory appealed the soul of the man as thus revealed to the observer. He was firm in Lj^ herence to the ndes and ])rinciples of hif. ad- CMinmuiiion, and ct.nscientious to a (U'^ owr- sisting upon their observance by all who sought his advice or his sympathy, but he was broad in his sympathies and generous in his charities, as well. Among all denominations he was beloved and reverenced for his high-miudedness, his coi;rt- esy, his unvarying avoidance of all unseemly con- troversies, and his evident anxiety to promote af- fection and harmony among men of all creeds. His manner was dignified, but winning ; old and young alike were attracted to him, recognizing instinctively that he was a Christian and a gen- tleman, and that his kindly interest in them came from the sincere depths of a genuinely good na- ture. He juined Each office of the social hour To noble manners, as the flower And native growth of noble mind. Dr. Moody was married on the l-lth ot September^ 1830, to Sarah Bond, eldest daughter of the late Henry G. Farish.M.D., of Yarmouth. His widow survived him. but entered into her rest on the 20th of May, 1887, universally beloved and revered. They had a family of nine children, only four of whom, three daughters and one son, survive them. Their eldest son. John T., rector of Tusket, N.S., died on the -Ith of October. 186-4, leaving a widow and three children. Their second son. Henry G.. was a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, and died on the 30th of July. 1873. leaving a widow. James C, the only sur-\-iving son, is a grad- uate of the University of New York, and is engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery at AVindsor, Nova Scotia. Criiiion, Rev. James Eugene, Pas- tor of the Pomau Catholic Church. Dnnn- ville. Ontario, was born on the 13th of April. 1859, in the parish of Slane. county of Meath, Ireland, and came to Canada in 187-4. He received his ])rimary education in St. Finian's Academy. Navan, Meath county. Ireland, and continued his studies at St. Michael's College. Tortmto. complet- ing his theological course at the Grand Seminary, at Mtmtreal. The Pev. Father Crinion was the youngest of the thirteen students brought over from Ireland in 1874. by the late Bishop Crinnon. the year that right rev. ])rel;ite Avas consecrated bishoji. After letiviug Montreal. ]\Ir. Crinion went to Hamilton, and was ordained a jjriest by Bishop Crinnon on the 30th June. 1881. in St. Mary's Cathedral, who then a])])ointed him assistant priest of the ])arish of Arthur, "Welliugtcm county, Ontario. In this charge he remained two years, and then revisited the scenes of his vouth. in Ireland. On his CANADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 249 return to Canada, he was appointed curate of St. Basil's Church, Brantford. From this place, on the 8th September, 1886, he was transferred to Dunnville, and made first resident pastor of that j^arish. Here he has done good work, and succeeded in erecting a handsome new church, which is a credit to him and his congregation, and an orna- ment to the village. Its foundation or cor- ner stone was blessed and laid on July 1st, 1886, by the Eight Rev. Dr. Carbary.' The style of architecture is Italian. The building consists of a nave seventy feet long by thirty- five feet wide, with chancel eighteen feet deep by twenty-one feet wide, having on the east side a beautiful Lady chapel, and on the west side a commodious sacristy. The chan- cel arch is ornamented with pilasters, sur- mounted by a rich classic moulding. The Lady chajjel and entrance to sacristy have a similar finish. The ceiling is covered with rich mouldings. Over the front entrance is a g.jod-sized gallery, calculated to accom- modate over one hundred persons, and ex- quisitely finis, led in front. The high altar, the gift of Bishop Carbary to the church, is a splendid s])epimen of clas.sic design which adds a grace and beauty to the entire struc- ture. It consists of the altar proper, with super altar and tabernacle. The reredos presents a large ope, ■with circular top. for picture of the crucifixion. It is supported by two Corinthian 2:)ilasters, with richly- carved capitals, supj^orting a frieze and en- tablature. On the frieze is the inscrij)ti()n, " Gloria in excelsis Deo,'' and in the pedi- ment of entablature is a dove, emblem of the Holy Ghost, surrounded by rays. Then the entire altar is surmounted by a Horiated cross. The altar was painted by Mr. James, of Dunnville, in a fiat white, with the carv- ings and enrichments richly gilded. The work was executed by Cruickshauk. of Ham- ilton, and refiects great credit on the skill and taste of the artificers. The pews, de- signed by E. Clohecy, the architect of the building, were made by Messrs. Bennett, of London, and finished in their usual careful manner. The entire a2:)pearance of the in- terior of this church has a finished and pleas- ing effect. The front of the church has a large circular ^vindow, with smaller win- dows at each side, and a great door for principal entrance. On the east angle of the front is a beautiful campanile rising to the height of seventy feet. In this companile, or tower, is another entrance to the church for ^vinter use. It also contains a solid stair- way to the gallery. The sides of the church are pierced with windows, filled with orna- mental glass. Between the windows are buttresses, which give an air of strength and massiveness to the structure. The greatest credit is due to the accomplished architect, E. Clohecy, who has thus given a solid proof of his high cvalture and good taste, and has produced a monumental work for the good catholics of Dunnville mission. The entire cost is about .$8,000. The build- ing was taken tip by Father Crinion in September, 1885. The care and watchful- ness he bestowed on the work is now amjjly rewarded by having one of the most beauti- ful churches of its size in the province of Ontario in which to administer to the spiritual wants of his faithful and devoted people. A new presbytery is now in course of ' construction, which will be ready for occupation during the winter of 1888. King-, £d\vin David, M. A., Q. C, Barrister. Halifax, was born at Onslow. Col- chester county. Nova Scotia, on the "iOth of December, 1841. His father, John King, was a Scotchman by birth and jjarentage, and, on his mother's side, was first cousin of the distinguished Scotch philosopher, Thomas Carlyle. When an infant, he removed with his parents to Nova Scotia, where he con- tinued to reside until his death in June, 1887, in the eighty-second year of his age. For a long period he had been an active justice of the peace, having at one time, for some ten years, filled the office of sti- j^endiary magistrate, for the toAvn of Truro, where he resided at the time of his decease. In November, 1828, he married Sarah Ann, only daughter of the late Nathaniel Mars- ters, of Onslow, and the mother of the sub- ject of our sketch. She is still living at Truro. Mr. 3Iarsters was a loyalist of Eng- lish descent, and with his parents removed to Nova Scotia at the time of the rebellion of the New England colonies. He repre- sented the township of Onslow^ for some years in the House of Assembly of Nova Scotia. Edwin David King early mani- fested a fondness for study, and cotild read very well (so we have l)een toldj when four years of age. He attended such schools as Onslow provided, until the summer of the year 1856, when, being in feeble health, he was sent to be a clerk in a store at Anti- gonish, with the promise, however, that, if at the end of two vears his health im- 250 .4 CYCLOPEDIA OF proved, aud he still desired it, he should receive a legal education. He accordingly left Antigonish in 18.")8. aud took the high school course at the Provincial Model School, Truro. Subsecjueutly he studied at Aca- dia College. Wolfville. where, in 18G3, he graduated, taking the B.A. degree in course, and iu 1866. on submitting a thesis, he re- ceived the degree of M. A. In September. 1863, he entered upon the study of the law, and removed to Wallace, Nova Scotia, where he was articled as a law student with Henry Oldright. barrister. He studied with Mr. Oldright two years, during which time having acquired a knowledge of phonogra- phy, he S2)ent the winters in Halifax, as as- sistant reporter to the Legislative Council. Mr. Oldright being the official phonographic reporter for that body. In 1865. his articles of clerkship were transferred to James Royer Smith, Q.C., an English barrister, registrar of the Court of Vice-Admiralty, and practis- ing at Halifax. He was admitted to the bar of Xova Scotia in December. 1867, since which time he has practised his profession at Halifax, and has also been a member of the Barristers' Society, of Xova Scotia. He is now the senior member of the firm of King .V: Barss— W. L. Barss. LL.B. (Har- vard), ha%-ing been admitted a partner with him in January, 1877. In October. 1875, he visited Bermuda, on a special retainer, as leading counsel for defendant in the cele- brated burial case of James r.s. Cassidy. ( This was an action of trespass brought by Rev. Mr. James, rector of the parish of Hamilton, against Rev. John Cassidy. then pastor of the Methodist Church there, for reading the Methodist burial service, and officiating at the burial of one of his own congregation, in the parish church yard, and. at the time, was the occasion of intense excitement throughout the island). In 188-1, he was called within the bar, and re- ceived letters patent, aj^pointing him a Queen's counsel. Since 1875. he has been retained as counsel in many important cases growing out of the Liverpool Bank failure : insurances cases; actions involving the title to the Shubenacadie Canal, etc. He has a large practice in the Su2)reme and County Courts of Nova Scotia. Mr. King became actively associated with the Nova Scotia militia in 1863. and in 1864 was commis- sioned as adjutant of the 4th Cumberland regiment, with the rank of captain. On re- moving to Halifax in 1865, he took command of a company in the 11th Halifax regiment, and remained actively connected with that corps until the re-organi^ation of the mili- tia,, under the Dominion statutes and reg- ulations. He is a member of the Senate of the L'niversity of Acadia, having been elect- ed in 1882, and he is also a governor of Acadia College, to which position he was elected in 1883. In 1876, he was appointed one of the directors of the Halifax School for the Blind, and held the office for one year. In 1872, the Halifax School Associa- tion for promoting the efficiency of the public schools was formed, and he was its first secretary, occupying that office for three years. He has always been a total abstainer from alcoholic drinks, having joined the cold water army when a child. In 1863. he first became a member of the order of Sons of Temperance, and in 1865, was initiated into the Grand Division of Nova Scotia. For some time past he has, however, ceased to bo an active member of this organization, owing to the pressure of other duties. He is a prominent member of the Halifax Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation, and is one of the six trustees in whom its property is vested, ha^•ing been first elected to that office in 1875. He has also been a member of its executive committee for many years. In 1871. the Simday School Association of the Maritime prov- inces was formed, and he has ever since been an active promoter of that work, and has thrice filled the office of president of the association. He was also chairman of its executive committee from 1872 until 1885. when sejDarate associations for the several pro\-inces were organized. Since 1885, he has been chairman of the execu- tive committee of the Sunday School As- sociation of Nova Scotia. He is a Liberal- Conservative in politics, and heljjed to kill repeal in February, 1887. He takes an active part in elections, both Dominion and local. On the college question he is opposed to "consolidation."" and in favour of placing higher education outside the pale of state support or control. He be- lieves that the smaller, fairly well equip2:)ed colleges in our country, managed and sus- tained by denominations or other independ- ent agencies, can lietter secure the guards and checks, and afford facilities for the men- tal, moral, and Christian culture, demanded of the youth of our country. On several occasions he has publicly supported these CAXADIAN BIOGRAPHY. 251 views. He is a Baptist, as were his parents. He united with the Baptist Church at Wolf- ville, in 1861, and since 1868, he has been a member of the first Baptist Church in HaU- fax. He is one of its deacons, superintendent of its Sunday school, and chairman of its finance committee. On the 6th of Febru- ary, 1869, he was married to Minnie S., eldest daughter of John W. Barss, who is a banker and justice of the peace, residing at Wolfville, Nova Scotia. This gentleman is well known in the Maritime provinces, by his generous benefactions for Ijenevolent purposes, xlcadia College, Wolfville. has been, perhaps, foremost among the objects of his bounty, ha^'ing received donations from him amounting in the aggregate to $10,000 and upwards. Mrs. King, who is a native of Halifax, received her education there and at the Ladies' Seminary, Warren, Rhode Island, United States. They have no children of their own, but have adopted as their daughter, a niece of Mrs. King's, who lives with them at Halifax. AiitlifT, Rev. J. Cooper. M.A., D.D., Montreal, was born at Huddersfield, Eng- land, on the 1st February, 1814. He is the eldest son of the late Rev. W. Antlitf', D.D., who for fifty years enjoyed the dis- tinction of being one of the bright and shining lights of Methodism in England. In 1862 he was made editor of the Connex- ional Magazine, and for five successive years held that post: he was then called to take charge of the Theological Institute opened at Sunderland, and for thirteen years he acted as its princi])al. Rev. Dr. W. Antliff, we may here add, held during his lifetime nearly all the positions of honour in the power of his denomination to bestow. He was a forcible and effective preacher, pos- sessed of great natural force of character, of unbending integrity, good literary abil- ity, and possessed of administrative talents of a high order. The Rev. J. Cooper Ant- liff, the subject of oiir sketch, received his educational training in Haslingden Wesley- an School, and at Edinburgh University. When only eighteen years of age he became his father's colleague to whose counsel and example he owes much of the success that has so far attended his life work. After spending sixteen years in the ministry in the British conference, in 1878 he was sent out from England to take charge of the Primitive Methodist Church, Carlton street, Toronto, for five years, when ac- cording to the arrangement of the Confer- ence he was to return to England. But owing to the union of the Methodist bodies in Canada in 1883, he a])andoned his home- going, and was appointed to the office of secretary of the General Conference by the united l)odics, and thereby became ciisto- dian of the public documents of the church and keeper of its records, an honour that has been highly aj^preciated by his num- erous friends. After a ministry of six years in the Carlton street church. Dr. Antliff removed to Montreal to take charge of the Methodist Church on Dominion square, where he is now doing good work for the Master. While in Toronto he took part in every social and moral reform, and was generally a favourite among all who had the good of humanity at heart. For four years, from 1879 to 188B, he was editor of the CIn-Mian JoxmaJ. the denomina- tional paper of the Primitive Methodist church in Canada. He was one of the founders of the Ministerial Association, and was its secretary for two years, and afterwards its president for one year. He had the degrees of M. A. and B. D. in course conferred uj^on him by the Univer- sity of Edin])urgh, and in 1887 Victoria University conferred upon him the hono- rary degree of D. D. He is a member of the Board of Regents of Victoria Uni- versity, and of the Senate of the Wesley- an Theological College at Montreal; and is also a meml)er of the court of appeal of the Methodist church, which consists of six clergymen and six laymen. The Rev. Dr. Antliff is possessed of good natural abili- ties, and has a highly cultivated mind, l^rimful of knowledge. As a preacher and a lecturer he is highly popular, being ])less- ed with good oratorical 2)(jwers. and a voice both sweet and powerful. Matter, however, is of greater importance than even voice, and of this he has an abundance. It is varied in character, being both secular and sacred, ancient and m(;dern, scientific and scriptural, and he deals it out vnth no spar- ing hand. The style of his sermon varies : he can handle a subject well, either textually or topically, while as an ex]:)ository preach- er — perha])s partly the result of his five years residence in Scotland — he shines with con- siderable lustre. His platform utterances are generally excellent, and at times pow- erful, especially when dealing with the cause of temperance. In politics he ad- 252 A CYCLOPEDIA OF vocates Liberal measures ; but owing to his ministerial dxxties ho does not give promi- nence to his political views. Dr. Antlilf has been twice married ; first, in Derby. England, to Fanny Holden, daughter of John Hol- den, of Dalbnry Lees, Derby. She died in Toronto in February, 1880, leaving three children, two boys and a girl. Second, in Toronto, 1882, to Mrs. Kay, widow of Dr. Hay, and daughter of the Rev. E. Gooder- ham. Robiiiiiioii, Samuel §kifliii$;ton, Barrister, Orillia, Ontario, Avas born in the city of Montreal, (Quebec province, on the 6tli January, 1845. His father, Artlnir Guinness Robinson, was a civil engineer, and superintended the works on the Lachine Canal, at Montreal, when they were first be- ing constructed. His mother was Mary Mulock. His uncle, Charles J. Robinson, is now county judge for Lambtou county. The mother of the Hon. Edward Blake and the widow of the late Judge Connor were half-sisters of Arthur G. Robinson. The grandfather of the subject of our sketch, Samuel Robinson, M.D., belonged to Dub- lin, Ireland, and in July, 1832 — along with his son Arthur G. ; William Hume Blake, his wife, mother and sisters, and his brother, Rev. D. E. Blake ; the late Archdeacon Brough, who had married Miss W. Blake; the late Justice Connor; and the late Rev. Mr. Palmer, archdeacon of Huron — sailed for Canada. The vessel which they had chartered for the voyage — the Ann, of Hali- fax — had scarcely been at sea three days when one of the crew was seized ■s^dth cholera and died, and the body before morning was thrown overboard. In consequence of this untoward circumstance, the party felt in- clined to return to Ireland, but OAving to the sanitiiry measures ado])ted by Dr. Robinson the plague was stayed. After a voyage of seven weeks they reached the St. Lawrence, and found that cholera had become epidemic hi Canada. They were subjected to a short (]uarantine at Grosse Isle, and were then permitted to pursue their journey to To- ronto (Little York ), where they remained about six Avecks, an here the party separ- ated Mr. Brough wont to Oro, on Lake Simcoe, Dr. Skiffington Connor to Mfu-ch- mont villiige, Orillia township, and the lilakes to the township of Adelaide, of which the Rev. D. E. Blake had been ap- pointed rector by Sir John Colborne, the then governor of the ])rovince. Dr. Robin- son returned to Ireland, taking his son Arthur G. with him, who, the following season, returned Avith his brother Charles (noAv county judge of Laml)ton ), and set- tled in Orillia toAA-nship, Charles going far- ther west. Samuel Skifiington RoVnnson receiA-ed his education in Upper Canada Col- lege, from Avhich he graduated; and haA'ing adopted the laAv as a profession, he entered the office of Blake, Kerr, Lash it Cassels, in Toronto, Avhere he remained until he was called to the bar. He shortly afterwards moA'ed to the beautifully-situated toAAn of Orillia, which he has had the satisfaction of seeing rise from a backAA'oods village to a thriving town of four thousand inhabitants. He has succeeded Avell in his profession, and is at present solicitor for the Dominion Bank agency there, and holds soA'oral other im- portant positions. Mr. Robinson has not entirely confined himself to his professional duties, and as a consequence his felloAv citi- zens have honoured him by electing him mayor of the toAvn, which position (1887) he noAv occupies. He held the office of churchAvarden in the St. James Episcopal Church of Orillia, for a number of years ; and for several years was president of the Reform Association. He, too, has devoted some attention to the militia, and holds an ensign's commission in the Simcoe battjilion. In politics Mr. Robinsng period. Mr. Baillairge spared no efforts to establish the society on a solid and lasting basis, and to establish and strenghen its coi^nection with the other na- tional societies of the city. He was also one of the founders of the " Institut Canadien." whose (h'biit was so humble in its origin, but which is now tiourisliing. an