B M SD3 STl COMPLEt ■ lilll'l-ifflfIS ■ Hk ills j ^'ffT^ i 111! 1 Ba,KtjlU! ^B * 5, iW 1^ ■ / ■ 'i'T .■ir i nil jii OF Tin University of California. GIFT OF Class UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION No. GIFT OF THE PUBLISHER S ^ ^ . Received / U^'ILUAMS & ROGERS SERIES OFFICE EOFTi:^E AND BOOKKEEPING. A :vrKTIIOD OF TEACHING THE SCIENCE OF ACCOUNTS AND OF ILLUSTRATING THE ROUTINE IN BUSINESS OFFICES. For use in Business Colleges and Commercial Departments COIVlF=l_E-rE: COURSE. HV GEORGE W. SCHWARTZ, PK1.N( IPVL COMMKBCIAL DEPARTMENT, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, Louisville, Kv., and Expert Accountant. SCRIPT H.I.USTItATIO.N'S !{V K. I'. MILLS. NEW YORK .:• CLNCINXATI .;• CHICAUO AMERICAN HOOK COMPANY f.'. 'c^-y^ CcpmionT, ISOr and 1898, BY WHXIAMS & KOOERS. W. P. 2 PREFACE. Pedagogical principles require that correct mental impressions of business transactions, and the documents that vouch for such, be produced in the mind of the student before he attempts to make a record of them. The methods employed to produce such impres- sions may vary; in this work it was thought best to reproduce the routine work of the bookkeeper as nearly as possible. To that end, and for that purpose, hundreds of elegantly engraved business documents accompany this book, which represent the proprietor's incom- ing mail, and from which tlie student — his bookkeeper — is to make entries. In addition, the necessary blank forms are furnished, and the student is required to write up all the documents tluit represent the jiroprietor's outgoing mail, and to make the records therefrom. When the student has had sufficient practice in making records from business docu- ments they are dispensed with, as it is believed that the advanced student will derive valu- able mental discijiline in making records from historical data; besides, the use of vouchers with which he has become familiar, will tend to make the work monotonous if continued too long. The independent price lists, the uniform script in the text book aud on all the vouchers, and the persistent emphasis that is placed on the importance of superior mechanical work can not fail to have a beneficial influence on the student's work. The Introductory Course of this work came from the press one year ago, and was most enthusiastically received by teachers. Since then there have been added 130 pages devoted to Commission, Department Store, Manufacturing, Corporation and Banking businesses. Many modern, labor-saving features, which have never before been given, are introduced, and it is believed that they will meet the approval of teachers. Special attention is called to the practical treatment of corporation bookkeeping. The author and publishers hereby express their thanks to the many teachers who have used the Introductory Course in the past year, and trust that this, the Complete Course, ■will prove equally satisfactory to all who use it. Rochester, N. Y., August 15, 1898. 221704 SUGGESTIONS TO THE STUDENT. Act'Ui'iicy. Tlio first essential of a bookkeeper is to be absolutely accurate. To acquire the haliit of being accurate will require constant, persistent effort on your part. Learn to concentrate your thoughts ui)on your business — that of learning office routine and book- keeping — and never permit your mind to wander therefrom during your business (study) hours. It is in bookkeeping as in medicine: "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure; " careful thinkinci before doing will prove a good preventive of errors, while much worry and waste of valuable time will be the cure for errors once made. It is better to spend a minute ia thinking before doing than to spend an hour or more in detecting an error that has been made. Ini])rovcment is the direct result of thought and intelligent application; so, if you desire to im])rove you must think, think, think before acting. A practical knowl- edge of commercial calculations, and the ability to add correctly with ease and certainty are absolutely essential to insure accuracy in bookkeeping. Keatness. A plain, business style of writing is the first and most important essential to neatness in bookkeeping. To acquire a good business style of writing will require much thought and practice. The scrijit plates throughout the book will furnish you food for thought and material for practice. Tlie arrangement of the work and attention to details are also very im])ortant and should receive considerable of your attention. Remember that "perfection is made up of trifles, and ]>erft'ction itself is no trifle," hence, the importance of observing all the details and instructions that are given. Last, but not least, neatness will assist you in acquiring accuracy, besides errors are more readily detected in neatly kept books than in those that arc not neatly kept. Dispatch. First of all be accurate; second, be neat, and let speed and facility come with practice, cxj)crienco, and a thorough familiarity with your business. Kemcmber that dispatch without accuracy and neatness is absolutel}' worthless. An inaccurate clerk or book- keeper is worse than worthless, while a careless, slovenly bookkeeper is very soon displaced by one who is accur.ate and neat. Never hurry in your studies. It is better to have your mind filled with ])roj)erly assimilated knowledge than to have your books filled with work that you do not understand. Your Tcaclier. The duty of your teacher is to guide and direct you in your studies, but oiot to do your work for you, as thereby he would be doing you a positive injury. Yourself. Hely upon yourself. Bo industrious. Do not injure and disgrace yourself or waste your time by trying to copy from others, as it can not be done in this system with- out being detected. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Bookkeeping is the art, method or practice of recording Dusiness transactions. By the term business transactions is meant dealings between two or more persons. The object of keeping books is to enable the proprietor to ascertain at any time with certainty and ease any particulars regarding the business. Methods. There are two methods of keeping books, termed Double Entry and Single Entry. In Double Entry Bookkeeping accounts are kept with persons and things. In Single Entry Bookkeeping accounts are kept with persons only. Single Entry will be intro- duced later. The following pertains to Double Entry. Books required. Originally three books were used in recording business transactions; viz, Day Book or Blotter, Journal and Ledger. The Day Book and Journal are now usually combined. This form of book is known as the Day Book-Journal. The Day Book-Journal contains a statement of the business transactions and the Debits and Credits arising therefrom, arranged in convenient form for transferring to the Ledger. Deciding upon and arranging the Debits and Credits in the Day Book-Journal is called Joiirnaliziny. Debit is abbreviated Dr. Credit is abbreviated Cr. The Ledger is the book of accounts. Au Account consists of Debits and Credits of a like nature, systematically arranged, and is a statement of debt, either owed to the business or owed by the business. The left side of an account is the Debit, and the right side the Credit. Transferring the debits and credits to the projier accounts in the Ledger from any other book is called Posting. GENERAL RULES FOR DEBITING AND CREDITING. 1. Debit* the account that has received 2. Credit the account that has supplied value, iecattse it has become indebted to value, because the business has become the business. indebted to it. * To debit an account means to charge it with the value received. Many bookkeepers use the term duirge instead of debit. TO THE STUDENT. Model Set. On the following four pages a set of books, consisting of a Day Book- Journal and Ledger, is illustrated. The object of this set is to give you a general idea of the arrangement and appearance of a simple set of books; also to serve as a model, which you are to copy a suflicient number of times to enable you to acquire a neat, business-like stvle of writing, to arrange your work properly, and to enable you to make good figures rapidly. OFFICE KOUTINK A.\l> HOOKKEEI'ING. l)r. AmoDnt Cr. AniOTiDt ^^^^^:.^. ^/ -. - ,yV ^7 ^ v*^ /c?: f.^^^-i.i^>^A.■^^*^^ 7i! /"r /^^/ ^'- Z^C'-o/' ,/_2.^ / /*l>-^ / -^^ J -^a / -^i? IP ■ az-ot^^ ^e.- -^ i:^-7-z^t: •^. • ii iP ^ ^_£«7 / /".jTV / 4^S/,fi^2/-(r.^..^'-A-'t>'^'7--Z^ y<3U^-i^^-C^di^ C/^t^ ^5^^:^ /- /- FIRST POSTING EXERCISE. In performing the work outlined lierewith, read the first direction, then do the work as instructed. Read the second direction and do the work. Continue taking up tlie directions one at a time, performing the work as directed. Consult your teacher on any point you do not fully understand. 1. Copy the Model Day Book-Journal given on pages 3 and 3, on journal paper, observing every detail closely as you proceed. 3. Write the headings or names of accounts on ledger paper as you find them in the Model Ledger, given on pages 4 and 5. 3. Begin with the first debit. Cash, in the Day Book-.Journal, trace it to the Cash account in the Model Ledger, after which post it to your Ledger (on the Dr. side of Cash account) as you see it in the Model Ledger. 4. In your Day Book-Journal, in the column headed L. F. (Ledger Folio) write the number (1) of the page to which you have posted, opposite the word Cash, to show that it has been posted. Writing the number of the page opposite an item in the Day Book- Journal or any other book to show that it has been posted is termed checking or post marking. 5. Take the first credit, Wm. Wood, trace it to Wm. Wood's account in the Model Ledger, and post in your Ledger (on the credit side of Wm. Wood's account) as shown in the Model Ledger. 6. Check in your Day Book-Journal by placing 1 in the column to the left of Wm. Wood's name. Trace the second debit. Merchandise, in the Day Book-Journal to the Merchandise account in the Model Ledger. 2. Post to your Ledger (on the Dr. side of Merchandise account) referring to the Model Ledger. 3. Chock in the Day Book-Journal oj^posite the item just posted. 4. Trace the credit, Cash, to the Cash account in the Model Ledger. 5. Post to yoiir Ledger (on the credit side of Cash account) as shown in the Model Ledger. 6. Check in the Day Book-Journal opposite the item just posted. Trace the third debit. Expense, to the E.xpense account in the Model Ledger. 3. Post to your Ledger, observing all the details given in the previous instructions. 3. Check in the Day Book-Journal opposite the word E.xpense. Have you posted to the debit side of Expense account? 4. Trace the credit. Cash, to the Cash account in the Model Ledger. 5. Post to yo^ir Ledger, referring to the entry as given in the Model Ledger. 6. Check in the Day Book-Journal. Continue until you have posted every entry in the Day Book-Journal to the Ledger, following the instructions as given above. Proceed to make a Trial Balance as explained on pages 6 and 7; after which present your work for approval. Then copy the Day Book-Journal, post to the Ledger and take a Trial Balance, referring to the script illustrations, carefully fol- lowing the style of the writing and figures, the arrangement and general appearance of same. Copy several times more, or until you can produce work that is satisfactory to your teacher. y/i^i^A' OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEF.PING. ^ ^ '^^- , ,. 1 2^^J "^z / J-e IP i^ '* y 1 / ^-?^ -2- / / -•'>■ / / • ^ r- / / ^ .^(T 6'/?:^ /i^-4^;;': y ^''p / ^ t? e ' r f " r'jTff v£: ^„yW,.a>t. S^^ -^(^r^fT ^■i^e OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. ■^x jr y^^Z^^^^^ ( ^'.J>zy /7E-i!t^1'. ■yu. . <^«^'^ 4^^ iP ■£;Z^//>.^,^ :^^y^:^^^ yT^-^:^^^^ '-i^ ^J-i^ ^l f -J^^ ^T^^^^t-rrz^^ y/Zt^^-'f ic -^9- li ^ o ^7- /Ttifi^'/ OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. TRIAL BALANCE. You will observe that in the ilodel Day Book-Juurnal the debits aud credits are equal in amount — the total of the Debits is equal to the total of the Credits. This being the case, it is evident that if no errors were made in jiosting, tlie Ledger debits and credits must also be equal in amount. To ascertain whether the debit and credit sides of the Ledger are equal, we make a test by taking a Trial Balance. Trace the small pencil footings of each account in tlie Model Ledger to the Trial Balance given below. When there is but one item on either side of an account it stands to reason that no footings are required, as there is nothing to add, but do not fail to enter such items in the Trial Balance. Pencil foot (in very small, neat figures) the accounts in your Ledger, and proceed to make a Trial Balance. Add both sides of your Trial Balance to see that tliey agree, after which submit your work to your teacher for approval, aud ask questions on any point you do not fully understand. "^-^7-^ S-. / /^- I*. J. 7^ ■r ^i7 -2^ ^ a ^ 9^" i / ^ 1^ a '^ff ^ ^ ^ ^ ■^p / ^ uf-^^-- ■n- Note. — All ruling should be clone in red ink unless otherwise instructed by the teacher. Instead of carrying the footings of the Ledger accounts to the Trial Balance, it is the practice among bookkeepers to carry only the balances (differences between the debit and credit footings) to the Trial Balance. The Trial Balance of the Model Ledger, when balances are used instead of footings, will appear as given on next page. Compare same with your Ledger balances, and employ this method when taking Trial Balances in your subsequent work. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Trial Balance, March 15, 189- (Balance Method.) Vim. Wood, Casli, Jlerchandise, Expense, J. W. Winter, S. W. Snow, Jas. Spring, Bills Receivable, Bills Payable, 4676 70 18 50 1600 6415 00 4935 90 400 1000 6415 00 Having copied the preceding Day Book-Journal, posted the Ledger and taken the Trial Balance the required number of times, you will lay aside your book and all of your book- keeping work, except one copy of your Day Book-Journal, from which you are to post up a Ledger and take a Trial Balance without referring to any model. After this is done, and you have satisfied yourself and your teacher that you can post readily and accurately, consult him in regard to*-proceeding. Your writing should show a marked degree of improvement by the time you have reached tliis point; if not, you will have to improve it, as good writing is one chief essential of good bookkeeping. It would be a waste of time to proceed without being able to do creditable work. You should establish correct habits at the very begin- ning. Preserve the best copy of your Model Ledger and Trial Balance, as you will need them later. Observations. — Since the primary object of business is to acquire wealth, it is the custom of most merchants " to close " their books once a year to ascertain whether their business for the year has been pros- perous or not. To close the model set in a systematic manner, you would be obliged to employ the pro- cesses for closing books as explained on pages 33 to 40 inclusive. To acquire a thorough understanding of those processes, it will be necessary for you to first learn and put into practice the fundamental principles of making bookkeeping records as presented and explained on pages 9 to 28 inclusive. While you will not be able to employ the systematic processes used by the practical bookkeeper in determining whether Wm. Wood's business has been a prosperous one or not, you can, however, ascertain for yourself, by the aid of the instructions given below, what the condition of the business is. Looking at the first entry in the Model Journal you find that Mr. Wood put into the business $5000 in cash. The Trial Balance shows the amount of cash on hand at the close of the business period to be $4676.50, which makes it appear that there has been a loss. But you are to consider that there is now $50 due the business from Jas. Spring; also M. Sumner's note for .f 1600. (See Trial Balance.) You will find by referring to the Model Journal that the goods purchased have not all been sold; 500 bu. Wheat have been bought, while 200 bu. have been sold. The remaining 300 bu., valued at 64^ (the cost price), amount to $192. (See Model Journal.) The Oats purchased remain unsold, 400 bu., valued at 25}*, amount to $100. Of the 600 bu. Corn bought, 500 bu. have been sold ; the remaining 100 bu. at 40ji amount to $40. Adding $4676.50, the cash on hand; $50, amount due from J. Spring; $1600, amount due from M. Sumner on note; $192, value of Wheat unsold; $100, value of Oats on hand; and $40, value of Corn not sold, you have $6658.50, which would be the present value of Mr. Wood's business were there nothing due other parties. You will find by referring to the Trial Balance that there is due J. W. Winter $90, and S. W. Snow $400; also a note favor S. W. Snow for $1000, making a total of $1490. Subtracting $1490, the amount due other parties, from $6658.50 gives you $5168.50, the present value of the business. Mr. Wood started in business with $5000; he withdrew for private use $75, thereby reducing the value of his interest in the business to $4925. Subtracting $4925 from $5168.50, the present value, gives you $243.50, the amount gained. 8 OFFICE routim; and bookkeeping. SECOND POSTING EXERCISE. Make a neat copy of the followitig Journal, post same to a Ledger, placing four accounts on a page; then test the accuracy of your posting by taking a Trial Balance, using the bal- ances instead of the footings. When completed, present to tlie teacher for approval: then preserve same for future use. Sept 16 180- Cash, Jos. Winter commenced business 8.")()(» Jos. Winter, and invested, 8500 E.xpense, Paid one month's rent. 7.5 Cash, 17. 75 Mdse., Bo'l for cash 850 Cash, 200 v<1s. Broadcloth at 4.25, 18. 850 Cash, Sold for cash 250 Mdse., fjO yds. Broadcloth at 5.00, 19. 2.50 Mdse., Bo't on account 765 11. .M. Royal, 300 yds. Fancy Cass, at 2.55. 20. 765 II. M. Roval. Paid on account. 500 Ca.sii, 500 .Mdse., Bij't on account G45 A. v.. Rudolph, 150 yds. Broadcloth at 4.30, 21. Gave liiiii my note 645 A. G. Rudolph, oOO Bills I'ayable, on account, 22. Sold on account 500 B. Hermann, 440 Mdse., 80 yds. Broadcloth at 5.50, 2:5. 440 Ca.sh, Received on account. 250 B. Hermann, 24 250 Jud. I'" rev, Sold on account 525 Mdse., 175 yds. Fancy Cass, at 3.00, 25. 525 Bills Receivul)le, Received his note 400 J no. P^rey, on account, 26. 400 Mdse., Bought on account 720 Jafob Ilauser, 300 yds. Blk. Cass, at 2.40, 07 720 Jno. Ilau.ser, 4 i . Sold on account 300 Mdse., 100 yds. Blk. Cass, at 3.00. 28. 300 Jno. Frev, Sold on account 240 Mdse., 80 yds. Blk. Cass, at 3.00, 29. 240 Jos. Winter, Took for private use 12 75 Mdse., 3 yds. Broadcloth at 4.25, ' 30. 12 75 E.xjjense, Paid drayage bill, G 50 Cash, 6 50 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 9 KEEPING BOOKS FOR C. W. HAMMOND. You are now to become tlie bookkeeper for C. W. Ilammoiul, Wliolesale and Retail dealer in General Merchandise, 122-124 Main Street, City. Mr. Hammond, having confidence iu your ability and integrity, gives you a Power of Attorney to transact business and sign all the business papers requisite to carry on the business. He will make all purchases and sales, and you are to receive the goods purchased, and deliver the goods sold; also, make all records in the books. Being a novice in business, you will be subject to the directions of those who are able to direct you. Do every thing you are told to do. Remember yuu are a learner, not a business man. Business can not be done in the school room, and is represented only to teach busi- ness routine and make bookkeejiing more practical than it is jiossihle without tiie vouchers (business papers) and the representatives of the commodities in which you are dealing. You will practically get the same experience you would get were you engaged in a real business, and will be confronted with the same problems that confront the bookkeeper in a business house. Bills of the goods bought and other business papers will be handed to you by the teacher, just as the letter carrier delivers the mail to the bookkeejier or manager in an office. These papers are similar in every respect to those used in business. All business papers issued are to be written up by you, and the records made in the books just as this work is done by the bookkeeper in business. The work in your books will not be like any other student's work. The capital invested will be different in amount. Your selling list will be assigned to you by your teacher, and you must adhere strictly to it if you desire to get correct results. No advantage is to be derived from comparing your work with that of other students, as of necessity the work is different. Be self-reliant and you will succeed. Before making an entry in your books, it will be necessary for you to determine the debit and credit to which the transaction gives rise. This you will do by applying the Special Rules for the accounts to be debited and credited, to which you will be referred by number. After you have made the entry, your next step will be to learn the reason for debiting and cred- iting as you did, which may be done by studying the General Rules for debiting and crediting. Carefully study the following accounts and answer the questions. Cash. Under this title everything considered money is to be entered; as Specie, Bank Bills, Checks, Bank Drafts, Postal, Express, and Telegraph Money Orders, etc. The Special Rules for debiting and crediting Cash are as follows: 3. Debit Cash jvlien it is received hij the 4. Credit Cash when it is parted with by business. the business. The difference between the sides of the Cash account will show the the cash on hand. The credit side of this account can not be greater than the debit side, since it is impossible to pay out more than has been received. Cash on hand is a Resource. An account exhibits a Resource when it represents property on hand, or an amount owing to the business. TRANSACTIONS ILLUSTRATING THE CASH ACCOUNT. March 1. Received cash of the Proprietor, 1500. March 2. Paid cash for rent, $20. March 3. Received cash for merchandise, $140. March 4. Paid Jas. Harris cash on account, $50. March 5. Received cash of John West on account, $80. 10 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. y^iiT.'^^^ /(^Ifl.'C^tS!,^ ui::^ 7^.t? ^. ^ yi9^£:tyC^t:i--'?-Zy-C.-e..^ ♦Write the above line in red ink unless otherwise instructed by the teacher. It has been a prevailing custom to balance accounts in red iiili and to bring the balances below tlie ruling in black ink. Tliere are many good bookkeepers, however, who use but one color of ink oa their books. The tendency at the present time seems to be toward one color. You are to use red ink in all your work wherever directed to do 80, unless you receive instructions to the contrary from your teacher. The above illustration shows that Cash account has received $720 and parted with %10, leaving a balance of §G50, which is a Resource. The balance as shown by the Cash account should agree with the actual amount on hand. Questions. — Wliat i.< to be entered in the Cash account? What is considered money? When is cash debited? When credited? What docs the difference between the two sides of the Cash account show? Is cash on hand a resource or a liability? Which side of Cash account must be the greater, when tliere is any difTerence? Why? Tlui Proprietor's Account. The person engaging in business has an account opened under his own name, in which are to be entered the sum or sums by him invested or with- drawn, and, at stated periods, the net gain or net loss resulting from the prosecution of the business. The title Stock was formerly used instead of the ])roprietor's name. When several persons are engaged in a business they are known as partners, and each partner is credited for his investment and debited for all withdrawals. The Special Rules for debiting and crediting the Proprietor's account are as follows: Dkbit the Projwictor for his liabilities assumed by the bttsincss. Debit the Proprietor for amotmts drawn from the business for his private use. Debit the Proprietor for the Net Loss. 8. Credit the Proprietor for his invest- ment at commenci»g business. 9. Credit the Proprietor for subsequent investments. 10. Credit the Proprietor for tlie Net Gain. The difference between the sides of the Proprietor's account at commencing business is called the Net Investment. The difTerence in the account at the close of business, after the Net Gain or Xet Loss has been transferred to it, is called the Net Capital or Present Capital. TRANSACTIONS ILLUSTRATING THE PROPRIETOR'S ACCOUNT. James Munsey, Proprietor. June 1. Invested: Cash, $5,000; Merchandise per Inven- tory, *3450; H. J. West's note, *500. His Liabilities are: Note favor of E. W. Martin, %I000, with interest accrued, $00. June 15. Withdrew for private use, $75. June 30: On closing books the Net Gain is found to be $632. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 11 'L-^^i-^^ ^^. ^ I? a V*- -J- •'Ci ,/ Ja ^^^^--^'Z-^ y .y ^ c J^.l-^-' z'^^/ *To be written in red ink. The above account shows that the total investments are 17950, and the total liabilities are S1060, making a Net Investment or Capital of $0890. This Capital is diminished by the withdrawal of $75, and increased by the Net Gain of $633, making the Present Capital $7447. Questions. For what is the Proprietor credited? For what is he debited? What is the difference between the sides of the Proprietor's account at commencing business called? What is the difference called after the Net Gain or Net Loss has been entered in the account? What title is sometimes used instead of the Proprietor's name? Wliat is a partnership? Explanations in Ledger Accounts. Formerly it was the custom of bookkeepers to write tlie name of the credit account of an entry in the explanation column of the debit account of the same entry. Likewise in the explanation column of the credit account of an entry, the name of the debit account was written. As the writing of the names of opposite accounts in tlie explanation columns of ledger accounts conveys no practical information, and only creates unnecessary labor, it has been discontinued by progressive bookkeepers. Other information of a more practical character may be, and often is, written in the ledger accounts; such as tlie terms on which a bill of goods was purchased or sold, the amount of discount received from or allowed to a person, and the initials of the books from which postings are made wlien there is more than one book of original entry, so that refer- ence to the original entry can be made with ease and certainty, etc. The original part of a closing entry sliould be written in red ink to distinguish it from those items that are trans- ferred from other books or accounts, and should have the name of the account to wliich it is transferred written in the explanation column. The record in tlie account to wliich it is transferred should be made in black ink, and should include .the name of tlie account which contains the original part of the entry. In posting from the books of original entry the student will observe the instructions given, unless otherwise directed by the teacher. Note. — In law the book containing the original entry is the Day Book, whether such book is the Day Book, so called, or the Day Book-Journal, Sales Book, Cash Book, or any other book or record. Such books of original entry become the basis for all explanations, and are the only business records admitted as evidence in court. Such records to possess value as evidence must be clear and complete and free from eramires. A material alteration in an entry in a book of original entry taints the record, and sometimes makes it worthless. When a mistake is made in a book of original entry it should be corrected in such a manner as will make the fact that it was a mistake apparent; in other words, the evidence of the mistake should be preserved. Erasing should never be resorted to in a book of original entry. 12 office routine and bookkeeping. Selling Price Lists. Apples per bbl. . Barley per bu. . Beans per bu Butter per lb Clover-s'dperbu. Corn per bu. . . Coffee per lb Eggs per doz Flaxseed jier bu Flour per bbl. . . Hams per lb. ... Lard per lb Molasses per gal, Oats per bu Peas jier bu Potatoes per bu. Rye per bu Sugar per lb Tea per lb Wheat ))or bu. . . 1.80 38 1.75 •u 4.02 .34 14 1.81 4.50 18 12f 49i 40 1.41 41 41 10| 27 09 1.76 48 1.52 22i 4.14 31 2^ 1.69 4.74 17 1-H 48 49 1.64 45 31 05} 28i 1.81 39 L59 25 4.18 36 18} 1.65 4.72 16 llf 47 44 1.57 40 40 lli 291 1.77 50 1.62 26- 4.32 38 19 16f 1.51 4.61 17^ 10 45^ 42 1.54 44 29 KU 31 88 1.82 40 1.74 m 4.38 32 20} 1.45 4.52 16 14 37i 48 1.42 39 39 09} 39 97 6 1.78 28 1.51 28 4.04 41 19* 18| 1.79 4.71 15^ 081 38i 39 1.65 43 51 10 38 1.83 37 1.61 27i 4.40 45 21 19 L43 4.69 15i 09i 41 35 1.55 38 42 081 35i 80 1.79 20 1.58 25^ 4.30 48 20^ L53 4.53 14 IH 43A 32 1.58 42 49 09 33 96 9 .84 42 .64 26 .12 53 22 20i .71 .65 13| lOf 45 27 ,52 37 37 07^ 3U 84 10 1.90 29 1.73 23 4.26 33 m m L57 4.57 15| 13| 48J 47 1.43 31 50 11 28 92 11 12 1.97 1.91 43 31 1.53 1.65 25| 29i 4.06 4.28 51 35 21J 22^ 17 19^ L77 1.55 4.67 4.59 m 14f 11 m 42i 38 29 45 1.63 1.51 24 30 36 48 07| 07 34 3Si 82 90 13 1.86- 44 1.56 26i 4.34 50 23 21 1.49 4.55 39J 30 1.60 35 35 06| 37 94 Amounts to be Invested. 1 8100 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 13 7300 9500 7500 7100 8200 7600 8000 88()0 7400 8900 8300 7200 .C W. HAMMOND'S BUSINESS. To tlio Stii«l(Mil. I?ear in mind that you are about to keep the books of the " business" of wliich Mr. llunuiiond is the Projjrietor, and not merely the accounts of Mr. Hammond. The busineits receives and parts with (supplies) value, and, so far as tlie books are concerned, Mr. Ilaniiiiond is merely one of the ))ersons with whom the business has dealings. As you have learned, an account is kept with him, and he is credited with the capital he invests (value sup- )>lied to the business) and is charged (debited) for what he receives from the business. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Selling Price Lists (Continued). 13 Apijk'S per bbl. -- Barley jier bu Beans per bu Butter })er lb Clover-seed per bu Corn per bu. Coffee per lb Eggs per doz Flaxseed per bu.. Flour per bbl. - . . Hams per lb Lard per lb Molasses per gal. . Oats per bu Peas per bu Potatoes per bu. . Rye per bu Sugar per lb Tea per lb Wheat per bu 14 1.92 32 1.63 27 4.08 43 20 19f 1.75 4.64 09^ 42 37 1.53 29 47 on 3U 85 15 .87 46 .72 m .22 52 23i 20| .61 .60 13f 06-1 46f 28 .44 34 33 06 30 89 IG 1.93 33 1.54 4.48 40 211 16* 1.35 4.58 171 13i 4^4 40 1.62 28 46 08 32i 91 17 1. 4. 88 45 .67 29| 16 55 23| 17| .67 .63 16| 07 25 .49 33 34 05| 35 86 18 1.94 34 1.60 28-^ 4.46 47 20f 20 1..37 4.70 1-ii 081 40 33 1.56 27 45 08| 36i 79 19 1.89 47 1.68 30 4.44 54 22| 18| 1.39 4.56 15| 06| 46 26 1.48 32 32 06| 30i 93 20 21 22 1.95 2.00 1.96 35 26 36 1.71 1.55 1.69 27| 29 28f 4.36 4.50 4.20 46 49 44 2^ 22i 21i 20f 19f 17, 1.47 1.33 1.63 4.66 4.62 4.68 13| 14| m 09 071 08 44i 43 m 34 31 36 1.45 1.61 1.47 26 21 25 44 53 43 06J 07i 08i 32 33i 36 83 87 81 23 1.99 49 1.66 24f 4.24 39 19| 1.59 4.54 15 12 39 41 1.50 ')•) 30 09f 37i 95 24 1.85 41 1.57 m 4.42 42 24 18 1.41 4.73 16i 13* 47i 38 1.59 36 38 05i 29 76 25 1.98 27 1.70 23f 4.10 37 19i 16| 1.73 4.51 13 49 43 1.46 23 52 lOi 27t 98 Amounts to j BE Invested (Continued). 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 7900 8600 9200 7700 8500 9400 8700 7800 9100 9300 9000 8400 Having carefully studied pages 9, 10 and 11, consult your teaclier in regard to proceeding, and answer all questions he may ask you. If you answer his questions satisfactorily, he will hand you the cash Mr. Hammond is to invest in the business, your Power of Attorney, and tlie recep- tacles for your business papers and merchandise, also, assign you the price list you are to use. Count the cash and place it in the Cash Drawer. File the Power of Attorney on the Voucher File. Note. — After having been assigned by the teacher the price list to be used, the pupil is advised to copy it on a separate sheet of paper. This will put the list in a form convenient for use, and render mistakes less liable to occur in making the extensions. 14 OFFICE ROUTINK ANU bUOKKEliPING. Jakuaky 1, 189-. No. 1. — Entry for the Investment. Determine the account to be debited by reading rule S, page 9. Determine the account to be credited by reading rule S. page 10. Make tlie entry as follows on a sheet of journal l>a]ier, writing; the current year on the head line and placing the amount of cash received, instead of $iOOO, in the money columns. (lSf:%^. ^::Z^-7^Z^ ' J ^- .U^ II (This entry is similar to the first entry in the Model Journal.) Give tiie reason montally for the above debit. {Read rule 1, page 1.) Give the reason mentally for the above credit. {Read rule 2, jiage 1.) Give your reasons similar to the following: '"Casli account is debited because it has received value from the business, and is, therefore, indebted to it. Jlr. Hammond is credited because he has supplied the value, and, therefore, the business is indebted to him." Be sure to give the reason every time you are instructed to do so. Carefully study the following account and be prepared to answer the questions. Morchaiulise. This title is usually applied to all goods the proprietor is dealing in as a business. If it is desired to show results in detail, separate accounts should be opened; as Flour, Corn, Wheat, etc., instead of including all under the general heading, Merchandise. The Special Eules for debiting and crediting Merchandise are: 11. Debit Merchandise wheti {bought) by the business. received li. Crkdit Merchandise when parted with {sold or supplied to others) by the business. Since the debit side of Merchandise shows what the goods cost, and the credit side what they sell for, the difference must show the Gain or Loss — providing the goods have all been sold. When some of the goods remain unsold, deduct their current vilue from the debit side — or add it to the credit side — and the difference between the sides, after this has been done, will show the gain or loss. If the credit side of the account is the larger, the differ- ence shows a gain; if the debit side is the larger, the difference shows a loss. Property remaining on hand is called an Inventory. TRANSACTIONS ILLUSTRATING MERCHANDISE ACCOUNT. May 1. Bought goods of L. Warwick for Cash, 1200. jMay 2. Bought goods of Wni. Macy on account, $."3.50. May 3. Sold Jolin Kress merchandise for Cash, $150. ilay 4. Value of the goods on hand (Inventory), 1-150. Note. — In every computation if there is a fraction of one-half cent or more in tlie result, add another cent; if less limn one-half cent. (Imp tlie fraction. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 16 -C 'A * ^5 • ^ ^r^- ---'w*^..-"' <^ w i7 c? -^T- '4 --o-^ *To be written in red ink. The above account shows that goods amounting to $550 have been purchased, and goods amounting to $150 have been sold. Since the cost is in excess of the sales, it is evident that there would be a loss of |;400 were there no goods on hand. Subtracting the excess of cost ($400) over sales from the inventory, wo have a gain of $50. Why? Questions. To what is the title ]\Ierchandise applied? Why are separate accounts sometimes opened with the different articles, instead of including them all under the general heading, Merchandise? For what is Mdse. debited? For what credited?. What does the difference between the debit and credit sides show? When a portion of the goods remain unsold, what must be done to find the gain or loss? What is property remaining unsold called? When the credit side of Mdse. is larger than the debit, does the difference sliow a Gain or a Loss? No. 2. — Cash Purchase. Mr. Hammond has bargained with your teacher for 300 bu. Wheat, at 00^' per bu., and 200 bbls. Flour, at $4.10 per bbl. He wishes you to pay for same, receive the Mdse. and a receipted bill. Make the calculations to find the cost, then hand the required amount of cash to your teacher, and get the bill and the representative Mdse. Check the items of the bill (using pen and ink and placing the check marks in the vertical column to the left of the items) with the Mdse. to see that what is called for is received. Go over the calculations and the addition of the bill to see that no errors exist, placing a check mark to the right of every extension found to be correct. If found correct, write " 0. K." with your initials underneath in the lower left-hand corner. Place the Mdse. in the "Store Room." Determine the account to be debited by reading r««^e 11, page I4. Determine the account to be credited by reading rule i, page 9. Make the entry as follows, substitutinff the correct amounts for tlic amounts jriven. Give the reason mentally for the above debit. {Read rule 1, page 1.) Give the reason mentally for the above credit. {Read rule 2, page 1.) Fold your bill lengthwise, face out- ward, and write across the face "Entered," placing the date underneatli. Place it on the Voucher File. u; OFFICK KOUTIN'K AM) «OUKKF,EI'ING. No. 3.— MEKCUANinsK Pluuiiaski) Foii Cash. ,Mr. Iluminond has given your teaclier an order for 1300 bu. Corn, at 30'/ per bu., and 100 bbls. Flour, at $4.10 jjer bbl. Take tlie necessary cash, ])ay for it, and get tlie representative merchandise and receipted bill for same. Check the bill with the merchandise. Verify the calculations and addi- tion of the bill, and if found correct, 0. K. it as previously instructed. Place the mer- chandise in the Store Room. \)Qh\t — Rule 11, page U. Ci-oAii — Rule 4, paqe 9. Make the entry underneath the entry for the second transaction. With the exception of the amounts, tiiis entry is identical with No. 2, therefore no model is given. Give the reason mentally for the debit (rule 1); also for the credit {rule 2). Fold the bill lengthwise, face outward," and write across the face " Entered," placing the date underneath. File the bill properly. Follow all directioms in the exact order in which they are given. No. 4. — Cash Sale. Your teacher has received an order for Flour and Wheat from an out of town customer. Not having cither in stock, he has arranged with Jlr. Hammond to purchase from him 50 bbls. Flour and 100 bu. Wheat at the ])rices given in your selling price list. Select the goods from the stock in the Store Room. Make out the bill on one of Mr. Hammond's bill heads, using one of the bills on your Voucher File as a model. Always go over your calculations and addition a second time to make certain that your work is correct. Receipt the bill as follows: "Received Payment, C. W. Hammond, per {your name)." Hand the bill and the goods to your teacher. If he approves your work he will jiay you; if not, you will have to rewrite the bill. When he has paid you, determine the account to be debited by reading rule S, page 9. Also the account to be credited by reading rule 12, page U. Make the entry as follows, substituting the correct extensions and amounts for the ones given: C^^^ ^.^U^ .^.^^ Give the reason mentally for the debit — Rule 1 ; credit — Rule 2. Place the cash in the Cash Drawer, recounting it before doing so. Always count cash a second time, both in receiving and i)aying it out. Follow the instructions of your teacher and those given herewith to the letter. All business papers or vouchers and merchandise representing the business transacted by Mr. Hammond will come to yon through your teacher. Apply for the first lot. Take up each transaction in the order it is given. No. 5. — Mehchandise Bought for Cash. The first bill (No. 5) represents a cash purchase which Mr. Hammond has made. Take the merchandise (No. 5) and check up the bill. Verify the calculations and addition, and if found correct, 0. K. it as you did No. 2. Store the merchandise. Mr. Hammond's 0. K. indicates that the prices are the ones agreed on when he made the purchase, but it does not signify that the calculations and addition arc correct. That is left for you to ascertain. Never entei a bill that has not had the prices OFFICE ROUTINE AND HOOKKEEI'ING. 17 0. K.'d by the buyer. Pay tlie bill, placing the cash in the Cash Paid Out receptacle. In paying parties other than your teacher, always jilace the cash in this receptacle, from which it will be delivered to your teacher, who represents those parties. Debit — Rule 11, page H. Credit — Rule i, page 9. This entry is similar to entry for No. 2. Note. — The student is requested to write his address where indicated and complete the date on each and every voucher received. Give the reason mentally for the debit — Rule 1 ; credit — Rule 2. File the bill, following instructions given for No. 3. Do not proceed with the next transaction until you thoroughly understand this one. Study the following account and be prepared to answer the questions. Expense Account. Under tiiis title are to be entered all amounts expended for caiTying on the business; as rent, oiSce books and office furniture, clerks' salaries, postage, etc. If it is desired to show results in detail, separate accounts must be kept with Salaries, Rent, Office Furniture, etc., instead of including them all under the general heading, Expense. When separate accounts are kept, apply the rules for Expense account, as they are subdi- visions of this account. The Special Rules for debiting and crediting Expense account are: 13. Debit Expense ivTien it costs the bust- 14. Credit Expense zohen it supplies value ness value, from anything previously debited to Expense. TRANSACTIONS ILLUSTRATING EXPENSE ACCOUNT. Oct. 1. Paid rent, %VZ. Oct. 2. Bought two tons coal, $9.50. Oct. 3. Bought postage stamps, $5. Oct. 7. On selling out the business, sold the coal on hand for 16. a^ -1 ^ £g= a^ 7 S^ t^T:i^^£^ -'-'^ *To be written in red ink. This account shows the expenditures (value received by Expense) for carrying on the husiness to be $26.50, and the amount " supplied " by selling the coal to be 86. Deducting the credit amount from the debit gives $20.50, the loss. Expense account generally shows a loss. Questions. What is to be entered under the title Expense? What must be done if it is desired to exhibit results in detail? For what is Expense debited? For what credited? What does Expense account generally show? 18 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Jaxuaky 2, 189-. No. 6. — Cash Paid for Stationery and Books. Bill No. 6 is for stationery and books, which were received yesterday. It has been checked and 0. K.'d by Mr. Hammond, which shows that all the items were received by him and tlie prices are correct. Examine the bill to see that no errors exist. Pay the bill, jilaciug the cash in Cash Paid Out. Deter- mine the account to be debited by reading rule IS, page 17. Determine the account to be credited by reading rule ^, page 9. Substituting the projier amounts, make the following entry: C^-if^-e^-^C- Give the reason mentally for the debit — Eule 1 ; credit — Rtde 2. File the bill as pre- viously instructed. Consult your teacher about anything that you do not fully understand. No. 7. — Rent Paid in Cash. According to the terms of his lease, Mr. Hammond is to ])ay $100 i)er month for rent of store at 122-124 Main Street. Pay tlie rent for the month of January, placing the cash in Cash Paid Out, and take a receipt (No. 7) for same. Debit — Rule IS, page 17. Credit — Rule Jt, j)age 9. This entry is similar to the entry for No. 6, with the exception of the explanation (Day Book entry), which is as follows: "Paid Janu- ary rent." Give the reason mentally for the debit — Rule 1 ; credit — Rule 3. Place the receipt on the Voucher File. Are you doing everything in the exact order indicated? J ANITA KY 3, 189-. No. 8. — Merchandisk Sold i'ok Cash. ^Ir. 1 lam niond has sold your teacher the fol- lowing: 1000 liu. Oats, 1000 bu. ("orn, for cash at the jjriees given in your selling price list. Follow instructions for No. 4 and make out the bill, after wiiieh deliver the goods and bill to your teacher, receiving the cash for same. Debit — RuU S, page 9 j credit — Rule 12, page IJh Explanation excepted, this entry is similar to No. 4. Give the reason mentallv for the debit {Rule 1) and credit [Ihde 2.) Recount the cash and place it in the Cash Drawer. Study the following and be prepared to answer the questions. Personal Accounts. If a jjcrson buys goods from us, to be paid for at a future time, he receives value from the business. At the time he pays for them he supplies value to the business. If we buy of a jierson, in like manner he sujjplies the business with value. At the time we pay him, be receives value from the business. For personal accounts we have the following Special Rules: 16. Debit a person wJien he receives value 16. Credit a peison when he supplies value from the business on account to the business on account. When a person buys goods, without paying for them at the time of purchase, the trans- action is said to be on account (on credit). If the debit side of a personal account is larger than the credit, he owes us the diflercnce, and this difference is a Rciource. If the credit side of a personal account is larger than the debit, we owe him the difference, and this differ- ence is a Liability. An account exhibits a Liability if it rejiresents an amount owing by the business. Accounts with tirms and corporations are considered Personal accounts. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 19 TRANSACTIONS ILLUSTRATING A PERSONAL ACCOUNT. Decalings with Edward F. Becker. Aug. 1. Sold him merchandise on account, $65. Aug. 2. Received casli of him on account, $25. Aug. 3. Received liis note at GO days for $40. Aug. 4. Loaned liim $.30. The debit side of this account sliows tluit Edward F. Becker has received vaUie amounting to $95 from our business, and the credit side shows tliat vahie amounting to $05 has been supplied to our business by him, leaving a balance of $30, which is a resource to the busi- ness. Why? Never rule a personal account unless it balances. See above illustration. In many business houses personal accounts are never ruled. When personal accounts are not ruled, it is a good plan to check the payments when such payments equal one or more items on the opposite side. This is done by placing neat check marks (y') at the time of posting on the double vertical rulings directly to the left of both the debit and credit items that are equal to each other, as illustrated above. Note. — In the above illustration the items tliat balance are both ruled and checked. You are to either check or rule the items that balance, as your teacher may direct. Do not fail to consult your teacher. TRANSACTIONS ILLUSTRATING A PERSONAL ACCOUNT. Dealings with Frank J. George. Nov. 1. Bought merchandise of him on account, $450. Nov. 2. Paid him cash on account, $150. Nov. 3. He sold us merchandise on account, $200. ^/. ?td'tr-^'^-^ /Ci^otpf i^ Give the reasons mentally for the debit [Rule 1) and credit (Rule 2). Place the cash in the proper receptacle. Write a receipt for tlie same, using voucher No. 7 as a model. Excepting the amount, your receipt should read as follows: $500/(sV. ■ (I'"'':..P'.«:??.). , Jan. 8, 189-. Received of A. P. Batson, Five Hundred •j^'V Dollars, to apply on acct. C. W. Hammond, pgr (your name) Place the receipt in Vouchers for Others. 95 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Jaxcaky 0, 189-. No. 14. — Cash Paid ok Account. Pay Redfield & Son S300 as part payment of bill No. 9. Count out the cash. Debit — Rule 15 ; credit — Rule 4. Make the entry us follows: C/St-f-t?/^ Z5C4:±f:^^^'^---^^^<^i!^C£^ yV^ /<^. ^^ ^ ^Z-=i>_ V^'->t'g>'l'C^ i!5'-^-?ti' / 6 o n *To bo written in red ink. The above Inventory of Resources and Liabilities gives the results of the business, but it does not siiow the sources of Losses and Gains. Model Balance Sheet* To ascertain the .sources of Losses and Gains it will be necessary to make a detailed aiialy.--i.s of the various ledger accounts. Tliis will be best accomplished by making a Balance Sheet. Your attcniion is now directed to the Model Balance Sheet given on page 36. Tiic first step to be taken is to make an exact copy of the Model Trial Balance No. 2 on a Balance Sheet blank, first heading it as in the Model. Before reading further you will do the work as above indicated. In performing this work it is of the utmost importance to you that you do not merely cojiy the form of Balance Sheet. To do the work understandingly^ securing a knowledge of the relations of the various accounts to the business, it is absolutely essential that you take each step in the order indicated, and perform tlic work precisely as directed in the instructions. Your next step will be to extend the Losses, Gains, Eesourcesand Liabilities as shown by the various accounts, as follows: Cash. — Commence with Cash, it being the first account on your Biilance Sheet following the Proprietor's account. You have on hand $4676.50, which you will extend to the Resource column, because property on hand is a Resource. Meijciiandisk. — First enter in the Resource column tlie i^Icrcliandisc Inventory, l>332, as shown ou page 33, because property on hand is a Resource. Make the entry in red ink, to distinguish it from the Resources shown by the ledger accounts. Note that the debit (cost) side shows a balance of ^lO; therefore the goods j'urcliascd amount to ?iTO more than those sold. "Were there none gn hand, the business would have lost $70 on merchandise. There is, however, a Merchandise Inventory valued at $332; subtracting ^HO from the value of the goods on hand gives $262, the amount gained. Extend this amount to the Gain column. Expense. — The debit footing, #18.50, shows the total outlay. Extend this amount to the Loss column, because an account which costs more than it jjroduces exhibits a Loss. OFFICE KOUTIiNi; AND BOOKKEEPING. 35 J. W. Winter. —The creJit balance, §90, is tlic amount the l)u.?incss still owes him, which yon will extend to the Liability coliunn, because an amount owing by the business is a Liability. Note.— In extending .S. W. Snow's account, consult tlic explanjition given for J. W. Winter, above. James SpkinCx. — The debit balance, $50, is the anmunt he owes the business, which you will extend to the Resource column, because an amount owing to the business is a Resource. Bills Receivable.— The debit balance, ^1600, shows the total amount of notes on hand. Extend this amount to the Resource column, because an amount owing to the business is a Resource. Bills Payable. — The credit balance, $1000, shows the t.otal amount of notes out- standing. Extend this amount to the Liability column, because an amount owing by the business is a Liability. Net Gain and Present Capital. Foot the Resource, Liability, and Loss and Gain columns of the Balance Sheet, and extend the results as shown in the form on i)agc 36. Extend into the Loss column, in red ink, the Xet Gain, $243.50, which is the difference between the total Gains and the total Losses. To the Proprietor's credit balance, $49'.25, add the Net Gain, and extend the amount, $51G8.50, whicli is the Present Capital, into the Liability column. The Net Gain is found, as shown in the accompanying Balance Sheet, by subtracting the total Gains from the total Losses, as exhibited by the different accounts showing Losses and Gains. As illustrated by the Liventory of Resources and Liabilities, the Net Gain may also be found by subtracting the Proprietor's capital on commencing from the Present Capital; the Present Capital at any time being the difference between the Resources and Liabilities. It will also be seen that the Present Capital in double entry bookkeeping may be found in two ways; either by adding the Net Gain to the Net Credit or Capital on commencing, or by finding the difference between the Resources and Liabilities, as illustrated by the Inventory of Resources and Liabilities. When the Losses exceed the Gains the difference is called the "Net Loss;'" in such cases, when making out the Balance Sheet, the Net Loss must be deducted from the Net Credit or Capital on commencing, to find the Present Capital. When the Liabilities exceed the Resources, the Proprietor is Insolvent; i. e., he is unable to pay what is due others. As the Present Capital of any business belongs to the proprietor or stockholders, it is in that sense a Liability to the business. This Liability, however, must not be confounded with the regular Resources and Liabilities, the difference between which is the Present Capital, or the value of the business belonging to the proprietor. 2SfoTE.— Read Observations on page 7 if j'ou had any difficulty in understanding the work given on pages 33 to 35. To do so will aid you in comprehending the work on the following three pages. 36 ^£^^?^ >¥^^in^-z:/c OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING, ^. '^^i-'- '/ ^ ^ -- ^/ o-'^. ^i/ ^ -■r^: *^.f ^ /'■i^' / J J — '&^tz-e.'9-z^ • j^ i? ^^ '_i / J-i^CP *i / J. , i ^ ^ ~ ^,^^, -SJ--?.^ — SJ^ ,^ (^ (P 4? I ■>■ -, .- X^-^ ^ ^^^ y/_ / .^ ^a iiZ-C^^'Z^ M^^^h-^^' *To be written in red ink. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 39 Directions for Takiiic; Merchaiulise Inventory. You will now proceed to take an Inventory of the goods on lumd (in Store Room) jn'cparatory to making your regular Balance sheet for Jlr. Hammond's business. The current cost prices of your commodities are as follows: Apples $1.50, Potatoes 20^, Barley 25'/-, Eye 2SZ-->> 7 tP'V^Z-, ^e /^^( ,y . -^v. Jan. 29 C. ■^ <£- J IP e / iP c /^' J^^^- y <:> i/^a *To be written in red ink. Redfi?;ld & Sox. 189-. Jan. 9 C. 300 Frey & Thomas. 189- . Jan. 10 C. 600 ! 11. Knefely & Son. 18^. Jan. 17 C. 250 11. ]'>. Phillips & Co. 189-. Jan. 20 C. 150 A. Paul, Ju. I89-. Jan. 22 C. 300 44 OKFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Havi)ig luul your work a])provecl, you will now balance the Cash account in the Ledger in red ink. writing on the smaller side, " Feb. 1, Balance to C. B.," and the amount. Rule the account and bring the balance to the debit side (left-hand page) of your journal sheet representing the Cash Book, writing in black ink, "Feb. 1, Balance on hand," and place the amount in the column nearest tlie center of the ]k\^c. Write the word Ca^h on the top line of each page as you find it in the ^[odel Cash Book. Call for your Pass Book at the bank if you have not already received it. Compare the balance in the Pass Book witli the balance in tlie Check Book, and if found to agree, write in red ink "0. K. with Bank Jialance " opposite the balance in the Check Book. If there is a discrepancy, compare the checks returned by the bank with the amounts shown by the stubs to locate the error. If you fail to locate the discrepancy, consult the teacher. Carefully file away the checks returned by the bank on tlie Voucher File. Remember that no receipts w-ere taken when payments were made by check, therefore you will ])reserve these checks as evidences of jiaymeut. A check paid by the bank and returned to the depositor is tlie best kind of receipt, and should, tlierefore, be carefully j)reserved. No. 38. — Proprietok's Addition.\l Investment. Mr. Hammond wishes to make an additional investment. Your teacher Avill hand you the amount your price list calls for in the following table. A])ply for same and count tlie cash carefully. AUDITIOXAL AmOUNT.S TO BE INVESTED. No. of 1 Price List. 1 2 3 4 5 6 i 8 9 10 11 12 13 Amount. 5000 5800 3600 5600 6000 4900 5500 5100 4300 5700 4200 4800 5900 14 15 IG 17 18 19 20 1 21 22 23 24 25 5200 4500 3900 5400 4600 3700 4400 5300 4000 3800 4100 4700 What aci-ouiii liii.s icceived value!' (Jt'uleS.) What account has supplied value? {Rule 9.) Excepting the amount, make the entry as follows on the debit side of the Cash Book: d^^^c^. ^ o < By this entry, Cash is debited and Mr. Hammond is credited. While tlie form varies, this entry does not differ in effect from the entry to be made in the Journal, in case there were no Cash Book kept. Give the reasons mentally for the debit and credit. [Ihilcs 1 and 2.) Recount the cash and place it in tiie ])roper receptacle. No. 39.— Gas Bill rou January Paid. Read this bill. No. 39, carefully. ^\v. Ham- mond wislies you to ])ay it to-day to take advantage of the discount allowed when jiayiuent is made on tlie first day of the month. Write the check for the net amount, first filling the stub projierly, ami deduct the amount from the balance in the bank. File the bill on the Voucher l-'ilc and j)laeo cheek in proper recejitacle. Determine the account to be credited by reading rule 4; the account to be debited by reading rule 13. Make the entry from the stub of the Check Book on the credit side of the Cash Book as follows: OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 45 '^ ^r Give the reasons mentally for the debit and the credit. No. 40. — Kext for February Paid. Pay the rent for the current month by check. Write the check, first filling the stub jirojierly and deducting the amount from the previous balance. Examine your check carefully to see that you have made no errors. Tear it out and place it in the proper receptacle. No receipt is necessary. Why not? What account is to be debited? {Rule 13.) What account is to be credited? {Ruh i.) Make the entry from the stub of the check book on the credit side of the Cash Book. Why? Have you written the proper explanation? No. 41. — Sale on" Account. Make out the bill for this order (No. 41). Place the terms (15 das.) asked for on your bill. Re-calculate the items to see that you have made no errors. Note the check marks to the left of the items, and Mr. Winter's initials under the word " Filled;" these indicate that the order has been filled and the goods sent. In making this entry apply the General Rules. Make the entry in tlie Journal, using a journal sheet for that juirjiose. Place the bill in the proper receptacle and file the order as previously instructed. No. 4tJ. — Purchase ok Account. Examine carefully bill No. 42 and go over the calcu- lations. Note that the items have been checked off" by Mr. Winter, which indicates tliat all the goods called for have been received by him. Mr. Hammond's 0. K. and check marks opposite the prices indicate as usual that the prices charged are satisfactory to him. He does not examine the extensions and additions of the bills; that is the duty of the book- keeper. You will 0. K. the bill as usual if the calculations prove to be correct. Apply the General Rules for debiting and crediting, and make the entry in the Journal. File tlie bill properly. No. 43. — Sale on Account. Bill the goods called for in this order (No. 43). Go over your calculations a second time. Mr. Winter's check marks and initials under " Filled " indicate that the goods have been sent. Never make out a bill for an order that is not checked off, as that clearly indicates that it has not been filled. Apply the General Rules for debiting and crediting and make the entry in the Journal. Place the bill in the proper receptacle and file the order. February 2, ISO- No. 44. — Purchase on Account. Examine this bill, verify the calculations and 0. K. it. Are the items checked off in the vertical column to tlie left of the items, and has it been 0. K.'d to show that the prices are correct and all the goods have been received? Never enter a bill that is not checked off and 0. K.'d, as there is nothing to indicate that the goods have been received, as two or more bills may be sent for the same lot of goods, or the bill sent and the goods not delivered by oversight. Were you to credit the parties for every bill sent, you would very likely pay out money for goods that were not received. Apply the Oeneral Rules for debiting and crediting and make the entry in the proper book. File the bill. 46 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. No. 45. — Cash Rkceived os Account. This check is in part jiayment of bill sold on the lirst inst. What has been received? Who supplied it? Note the indorsement ou the back. The indorser is the one who supplied value to the business. Apply the General Rules for debiting and crediting and make the entry on the debit side of the Cash Book as follows: "2, T. A. Cooke, on acct.," and the amount. Why is this entry made on the debit side of the Cash Book? Place the check in the Cash Drawer. No. 46. — Cash Received in Full of Accoukt. Check No. 46 is in full payment of balance due by the party who sends the check. Refer to his account in your Ledger and see if the amount named in the check is the amount required to balance the account. Report to your teacher if you find that there is a discrepancy. What account has received value? (RiileS.) What account has supplied it? {Rule 16.) Explanation excepted, this entry is similar to tlie entry for No. 45. The explanation should read " in full of acct." Place the check in the proper receptacle. February 3, 189-. jJo. 47. — Deposit. You will now make a deposit. Count the currency in your Cash Drawer, fill out a dci>osit ticket, entering the amount opposite the word "Currency." Indorse the checks as instructed on page^isi, and enter each separately where indicated on the deposit ticket. Foot the items, then carefully recount your currency and checks and re-add the items to make certain that there is no error. Enter the total amount of your deposit on the right-hand stub of your Check Book and add it to the last balance. On the left-hand stub make a copy of the items (names and amounts) on your deposit ticket, so that reference can be made to them when desired. Take your deposit together with your Pass Book to the bank. Xo. 48. — Cash Paid ox Account. Pay Thos. J. Johnston & Co. by check $750 to apply on account. First fill the stub, deduct the amount from the previous balance, then write the check. Examine it carefully to see that you have made no nustake. Place it in the proper receptacle. Who has received value? What account has supplied it? Make the entry on the right-hand side of the Cash Book as follows: "3, Thos. J. Johnston & Co., on acct., 750." Give the reasons mentally for the debit and credit. Why is this entry made on the credit side of the Cash Book ? Febkuaky 4, 189-. No. 49. — Cash Paid in Full of Account. Turn to Barlow, Henderson Co.'s acct. in your Ledger and ascertain the amount the business owes them. Fill the s'aib of the Check Book, deduct the amount, then write the check for the balance due them. Examine it care- fully to sec that it is correct, then i)lacc it in the proper receptacle. Who has received value? What account has supplied it? Make the entry on the credit side of the Cash Book, similar to the entry for No. 48. The explanation should read " in full of acct." Why is this entry made on the credit side of the Cash Book? No. 50. — Purchase on Account. Examine this bill to see if all of the goods have been received. How can you tell? Are the prices correct? Go over the calculations of the bill and if found correct 0. K. it as per j)revious instructions. Make the entry in the Journal, applying the General Rules for debiting and crediting. File the bill properly. Provinir Casli. In small pencil figures, foot the sides of your Cash Book. Deter- mine the balance t»y subtracting the credit from the debit footing. See if this balance agrees with the amount on hand, iis shown by the check book stub, plus the amount in the Cash Drawer. Always exercise the utmost care in proving Cash so as not to make an error. OFFICE ROUTINE AND liOOK KEEPING. 47 Fourth Report. Fill a rcjiort blank jiropcrly and hand it together with the vouchers and cash for others to your teacher. Have your cash book and Journal sheets examined and approved. Copy them into your regular Cash Book and Journal. Re-write any of the Touchers that your teacher may reject on account of errors or poor appearance of work. Posting. Open an account with T. A. Cooke, Cor. 8th & Market Sts., City, on the 15th line of page 10 of the Ledger; on page 16 open an account with Ballard & Ballard Co., Cor. 10th & JEain Sts., City; on the 30th line of page 10, with J. E. Grimm, 948 State St., City; on the lltli line of page 16 with J. J. Disosway & Co., City. Post the items in the Day Book-Journal to tlie Ledger as previously instructed, and place the letter "J" in the explanation column of the Lodger accounts with all items posted from the Journal, to distin- guish them from those to be posted from the Cash Book. Post your Cash Book next, making certain that you carry the items on the debit side to the credit side of the Ledger and the credit items to the debit side of the Ledger, Place tlie letter " C " in the exjilanation column of the ledger accounts with all items that are posted from the Cash Book, to distinguish them from those that are posted from the Journal. Check over your posting carefully to make sui"e that you liave made no errors. Present your Ledger, Journal and Cash Book for inspec- tion. If your work meets with ajiproval you will proceed with the following transactions. February 5, 189-. No. 51. — Cash Sales, Retail Department. This cash Mr. Winter turns over to you as the amount received from cash sales for the week in the retail department. Count it carefully. What account receives value? {Rule S.) What account sujiplies it? {Rule 12.) Make the entry on the debit side of the Cash Book, writing "Feb. 5, Mdse., retail sales, 50.25." Place the cash in the Cash Drawer. No. 52. — Sale on" Account. Examine this order to see if it has been filled. Make out the bill. Rc-calculate the items of the bill. Apply the General Rules for debiting and crediting and make the entry. Place the bill in the proper recei^tacle and tile the order. No. 53. — Cash Received on Account. This check is to apply on account. AVhat account has received value? What account has supplied it? Make the proper entry in the Cash Book. On which side is the entry made? Why? Place the check in the proper receptacle. February G, 189-. No. 54. — Deposit. Make a deposit of all currency and checks on hand, following instruc- tions for No. 47. Have you made a detailed record on the left-hand stub of the Check Book? No. 55. — Cash Paid in Full of Account. Turn to Thos. J. Johnston & Co.'s account in the Ledger and ascertain the amount the business owes them. Take your Check Book, fill the stub, deduct the amount from the last balance and write the check. Carefully examine it and place it in the proper receptacle. Apply the General Rules for debiting and crediting, and make the entry similar to the entry for No. 49. Why is this entry made on the credit side of the Cash Book? February 7, I89-. No. 56. — Note Received on Account. This note is to apply on account. Examine it carefully. Apply General Rules and make the entry. Place the note in the Cash Drawer. Is a note cash? 48 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Febucaky 9, 1S9-. No. 57. — Cash Received fok Note Due To-Day. This check is in payment of note due to-diiy. You will find the note in the Cash Drawer. Cancel the note by writing " Paid, Feb. 9, 189-, C. "W. Uammond, .(yoMr.Mra?) ^ Attorney," across the face, and place it in Vouchers for Others, from where it will be delivered to Mr. Batson, who will bold it as a receipt. Febkiahy 11. 1S9-. No. 58. — Note Ciivex ox Account. ^Vrite a note at 60 days for $825, favor Ballard & Ballard Co., payable at City Bank, to apply on account. Notes made payable at the bank will be ])aid out of C. AV. Hammond's deposit when due, the same as a check. Examine it very carefully. AVliat account is to be debited? (Rule 15.) Credited? {Rule 20.) Make the proper entry, being careful to give the correct explanation. Place the note in the proper receptacle. No. 59.— Cash Paid ix Full or Account. Consult Redtield & Son's account in the Ledger and ascertain the amount the business owes them. In your Check Book All the stub, deduct the amount and write the check for the balance due tlieni. Carefully examine it and place it in the proper receptacle. Make the entry from the stub, applying the General Kules. This entry is similar to entries for Nos. 49 and 55. Febkuaky Vi, 1S9-. No. 60. — Cash Sales, Retail Dkpartmext. Mr. Winter turns over to you the cash received from sales at retail. Count it carefully. This entry is similar to entry for No. 51. Where will you jilace the cash? No. 61. — Deposit. Deposit all the cash in the Cash Drawer, observing instructions in detail as given for No. 47. Be sure that you omit nothing. Febriaky 13, 189-. No. 62. — Sale ox Accouxt. Order No. 62 has been filled. Make out the bill, placing the terms, "20 das.," where indicated. Go over the extensions and addition. Applv the rules and make the entry. Place the bill in the proper receptacle. File the order. No. 63. — Note Due To-Day Paid by Check. Kaufman, Straus & Co. have left their note due to-day with your teacher for collection. Fill the stub i)roperly, deduct the amount, and write the check, making it payable to Kaufman, Straus & Co. Take the check to the teacher and get him to cancel the note. File the note as a receipt. Make the entry from the stub of the Check Book. Debit — rule 10 ; credit — rule 4- I'l what book is the entry made? Febiuaky 14, 1S9-. No. 64. — Note Received ox Account. This note is in part payment of what the maker owes the business. Carefully examine it. Make the entry, applying the General Rules. Place the note in the Cash Drawer. I'rovin!^ Cash. Add the sides of your cash book sheet in neat pencil figures and iiscer- tain whether the balance agrees with the amount on hand (in the bank). If found to agree, balance, rule (in red ink) and foot the Cash Book as shown in the Model on pages 42 and 43. Bring the balance down below the ruling in black ink. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 49 Fifth Report. Make a report on a report blank and hand same to your teacher, together with your casli and Touchers for others. Rewrite all vouchers that do not meet with approval. Submit your cash book and day book-Journal sheets for inspection and approval. Copy tiicm into your regular Casli Book and Day Book-Journal, then balance and rule the Cash Book. In doing this, observe any suggestions your teacher made while examining your work. Posting. Post all items from the Day Book-Journal to the Ledger, as previously instructed, placing the letter "J" in the explanation column. Post from the Cash Book, using the letter "C" as explanation to indicate that the items came from the Cash Book. Be sure to post the items on the debit side of the Cash Book to the credit of the proper accounts in the Ledger; also post the items on the credit side to the debit of the ledger accounts. Do you clearly comprehend why this is done? After the posting is completed, check over your work as you have been previously instructed. Trial IJalauce. As the Cash Book takes the place of a part of your Ledger — the Cash account — it will be necessary to treat it as you would the Cash account in taking a Trial Balance. On a journal sheet start your Trial Balance with Cash, bringing in the balance as shown by the Cash Book. Proceed as previously instructed with all accounts in the Ledger that do not balance. Foot the sides. When found to be equal, submit your Trial Balance to your teacher for approval. Never ask anyone to assist you in finding errors in your trial balances until you have made every effort to find them yourself. Errors in Trial Balances. Much time is spent in correcting errors that are due, not to a lack of knowledge of the work in hand, but simply to lack of care. A bookkeeper must learn to find mistakes, although a constant effort should be made to avoid them. If the Trial Balance does not at first balance, he sliould not be discouraged, for a systematic search will always disclose the error. The instructions given below should be followed explicitly and in the order given. Poor figures cause many of the errors in bookkeeping. Errors may be made because figures are improperly formed, and therefore are misread; figures may not be written in columns, thus causing mistakes m addition; or corrections may be carelessly made, rendering the figures illegible. A good bookkeeper will make good figures. The acquiring of a habit of accuracy is one of the valuable things that bookkeeping teaches, and a constant effort should be made to improve in this particular. A permanent record of errors, kept ])erha])S on one of the fly leaves of a text-book, will be of value in showing what errors you are most liable to make, and thus enable you to guard against them. To Find Errors when the Trial Balance Does Not Balance. First. — Review carefully the addition of the Trial Balance. Second. — Find the exact amount out of balance. Look for this amount in the Journal, and in all other books from which posting is done; also, look for one-half the amount, and see if such amounts are posted correctly. Third. — Review the additions of the Ledger accounts, and see if all footings have been transferred correctly from Ledger to Trial Balance. Fourth. — See if all previous balances and inventories have been brought down below the rulings on the proper side. Fifth. — See that no amount has been entered on the wrong side, omitted, or entered twice in the Trial Balance. Sixth. — Check the posting in the order of dates, beginning at date of last Trial Balance, as follows: (a) See that the Journal entries of each transaction balance; 50 Ol-l-lCE KUUTINE AND H( >OK ki:p:i'ING. (b) Check eacli entry in Ledger, in tlie order of iiriginiil i)()sting, as found to hv correct. Place 11 check mark in pencil, thus, y/, in the Ledger against each item examined and found to be correctly posted. (Sharpen your pencil and make very small, light check marks that may afterwards be erased.) Isevcr rerieio the posting without checking in the Ledger. The l)robable location of an error may frec|ucntly be determined by its amount. An error of several thousand dollars could only be in accounts containing large amounts, or a balance j)laced on the wrong side, or the omission of an account. An error of only a. few cents is likely to be in Interest or Discount, or the omission of the cents in posting some account. If the amount out of balance is exactly 1.00, 10.00, 100.00, 1000.00, etc.. the error is usually in addition. If the amount out of balance is divisible by nine, the error may be a transpo- sition of figures. In case it becomes necessary to review and check the jiosting, and an error is found in this process, but which is not the amount required to make the trial balance prove, correct the error thus discovered; then find the exact amount still required to make the Ledger balance, and again apply the sliort tests given above l)efore going on with the examination of the posting. Continue in this way until the Trial ]5alance balances. Correction of Krrors. The manner of correcting an error depends wyon the nature of it, and upon the book in which it apjiears. As a rule, erasures should not be made in any of the books, and i)articularly in the books of original entry. In case of an error, consult the teacher for instructions regarding its correction. When your Trial IJalance has been approved. ci)])y it into your Trial Balance Book, but do not make an Inventory of Ivesources and Liabilities, and Balance Sheet. Trial IJiilances and Balance Sheets in Business, In business it is customary to take a Trial Balance once a month, and to make an Inventory of Besources ami Liabilities and a Balance Sheet to ascertain the gain or loss and the true standing of the business once or twice a year. To give you ample practice in taking Trial Balances and making Balance Sheets, you will be required to jierforni these operations oftener tiian is necessary and cus- tomary in business. Carefully read and study the following, preparatory to the continuation and handling of the new features of tlie business. Classification of Orders. Our written order requesting our bank to i)ay money out of our deposit to some ])erson named therein is called a Check. You have already become acquainted with this class of orders. Our written order requesting a person to deliver goods or valuables of any kind to some person (either himself or some one else) named therein is called an Onler. You are also familiar with this class of orders. Our written order requesting a person (usually some one who owes us) to pay to some person (either ourselves or some one we owe) named therein is called a Draft. A bank or banker's written order reqiicsting some other bank or banker to pay money to some person named therein is called a Bank Draft or Bill of Exchange. Drafts. A draft is a written order <>n a person requesting him to pay a certain sum of money to another person. A draft diliVrs from a cheek in that it is drawn on an individual, while a check is drawn on some bank or banker. When a bank or banker draws a draft on another bank or banker it is known as a Bank Draft or Bill of Exchange. When l*ayal)le. There are two kiiuls of drafts. Those ])ayable wlu-n made, arc termed sight drafts or demand drafts; those jjayablc at some future time are termed time drafts. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 51 Object. The primary object of drafts is to facilitate tlie collection and payment of debts, and obviate the iuoonvenieuce, exjiense, risk and delay incident to transmitting money from place to place. Form of Draft. The following is the form of draft in common use. ■<^ - .Jar/?^^^^a€Zifi!<^9^^^ i^ ti^i22= In the above draft Martin Williams requests Edward Small to pay George W. Muster $500. The presumption is that Small owes Williams or Williams would not request him to pay Muster, whom Williams must be owing or he would not order the money to be paid to him. Martin Williams is the draiuer of the draft, Edward Small is the dratvee, and George W. Muster, i\\e payee. The drawer is the one who gives the order, the drawee is the one on whom it is drawn and who is exjiected to pay to the payee, who is to receive the money. When Martin Williams mails this draft to Geo. W. Muster, of San Francisco, he debits Geo. W. Muster on his books and credits Edward Small, because Muster will receive value, and Small will sujjply value when he pays the draft. When Muster receives the draft he takes it to Small, who resides in the same city, and receives the cash for same. On his books he will debit cash and credit Williams, because Williams ordered tlie value to be supplied to him. It would have been impossible for him to get money from Small without Williams' order, because Small is not one of Muster's debtors. Small will debit Williams because he paid a debt for him, thereby indirectly supplying value to him, and credit cash. Note. — If for some reason Small were to refuse to pay the draft, neither Small nor Muster would make any records on their books. Muster would mail the draft to Williams, stating that payment was refused. Williams would tlien be obliged to make an entry, crediting Muster and debiting Small, to cancel the entry made when the draft was sent. The General Eules for debiting and crediting are to be applied to all drafts. Special Instructions for Debiting and Crediting Drafts, (a) As you have already learned, when you give your check to a person, tluit person is debited, because he received the value, and Cash account is credited, because it supplied the value out of your deposit in the bank on which the check was drawn. Likewise when you order (draw a draft on him) one of your debtors to pay one of your creditors a certain sum of money, you debit the creditor because he receives the value, and credit the debtor because he supplies it. Apply these instructions to No. 66. 52 Ol-FICE ROUTIMi AND liOOKKEEPING. (b) When you draw a draft on one of your debtors payable to yourself and leave it at the bank for collection, you make no entry until the bank notifies you that the amount has been collected and placed to your credit, when you will debit Cash l)ecause that account received the value, and credit the party from whom the account was collected because he supplied the value. Should the bank fail to make the collection, no entry will be necessary. Apply these instructions to No. lol. (c) When you receive a time draft drawn on some person and accejited by that person, and endorsed over to you by the payee (the one to whom it is payable), it is a written promise to pay you a certain sum of money. You debit Bills Receivable because that account received the value, and credit the party (the payee) who endorsed the draft because he supplied the value to your business. Apply these instructions to No. 116. (d) When one of your creditors orders you (draws a draft on you) to pay a certain sum of money to some person named therein, it is notliing more than his request; when you pay it, the creditor who ordered you to pay it is debited because indirectly he received the value, and Cash account is credited because it supplied the value. When it is jiayable to himself the same rule applies, tlie only difference being that he receives the value directly instead of indirectly. Api)ly these instructions to No. 89. (e) When one of your creditors orders you (draws a draft on you) to pay a certain sum of money at a future time to some person named therein and you promise (in writing) to pay it, it becomes a Bills Payable. The jiarty ordering you (drawing on you) to pay it is debited because either directly or indirectly he received the value — directly when paj'able to him- self and indirectly when payable to some one else — and Bills Payable is credited because that account sujjplied the value. To promise to pay a draft in writing is to write across the face of the draft '"Accepted," the date and your signature, which is equal in effect to giving a party your promissory note. It is customary to write the acceptance in red ink, although there is no necessity for so doing. Apply these instructions to No. 119. The Baiili Draft. AVlien you wish to remit to a {)arty in some distant place in pay- ment f(ir goods, and the jiarty does not know of your linanuial standing, it would not be wise to send your check, as the party, not knowing that you have sufficient funds in the bank to pay the check, would hesitate and possibly refuse to accept it as payment, or would have the check collected by liis bank before he would send the goods ordered. This would cause delay, inconvenience and annoyance. The better plan is to make your check payable to "New York Exchange" (or exchange ou some other city, depending on where your bank has a corresi)ondent), take it to your bank and receive a bank draft for same, and send it to the party from whom you desire to purchase. This will be accepted, although you are a stranger to him. Suppose you wish to purchase 10 brls. New Orleans Molasses from Edwin J. Wright, of New Orleans, and the cost of same is §120. You will write your check for $120 })ayable to "Philadelpliia Exchange," favor Edwin J. Wright; taking the cheek to the bank wlucli in the illustration given on the next page is the German National Bank, you will receive a bank draft similar to the following: OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEKl'I NG. 58 'i^ry^/aM €i^€^jiri/^iyOr/^//y "^""-m lYOPR PLACE H&REI -'2^.£^ ■- £^i22=s5^£=>:S=2S lu the above the German National Bank, through its cashier, orders the Central National Bank of Philadeljjhia to pay $120 to Edwin J. Wright. This will be accepted by Mr. Wright, as his bank will receive it on deposit or cash it unhesitatingly, knowing that it will be paid by the Central National Bank of Philadelphia when presented. This bank draft is known as "Philadelphia Exchange" instead of "New York Exchange," as it is drawn on a Phihi^ dclphia bank. The German National Bank would not have drawn on the Central National Bank did it not have money on deposit there against which it may draw for the accomoda- tion of its depositors, as illustrated in the above case. In this case the Central National Bank is known as the correspondent of the German National Bank. Sometimes banks make a slight charge for selling exchange; in that case, debit Expense for the charge. If desired to show results in detail, an account must be opened with Exchange. No. 65. — Sale on Account. This order has been filled. Bill and enter same. Apply rules 1 and 2 in making the entry. Go over your calculations before placing the bill in its receptacle. File the order properly. February 15, ISO- No. 66. — Order on a Debtor to Pat a Creditor. Turn to A. Paul, Jr.'s account in the Ledger and ascertain the amount the business owes him. Take a blank form and write a draft, ordering A. P. Batson, who owes the business, to pay to A. Paul, Jr., at sight, the amount the business owes Mr. Paul. Examine it carefully to see that you have made Batson the drawee, Paul the payee, and C. W. Hammond, .<5:9H >:."«'".?'. Atty., the drawer. By this operation the business ceases to owe Mr. Paul and Mr. Batson ceases to owe the business the amount named in the draft. Determine the accounts to be debited and credited by reading "' a " under the instructions for debiting and crediting drafts, page 51. Make the entry, debiting the payee and crediting the drawee. Why? Write for explanation the following: "Drew draft on A. P. Batson favor A. Paul, Jr."' Place the draft in an envelope and address it to A. Paul, Jr. Do not seal it. Place the envelope in Vouchers for Others. When Mr. Paul receives this draft he takes it to Mr. Batson and receives the amount called for. Note.— It has been pre-arranged by Mr. Hammond that Mr. Batson is to pay the draft and Mr. Paul has agreed to accept it. It would be very unbusinesslike to draw on a debtor in favor of a creditor unless there is some assurance that the draft will be honored when presented. 54 office routine and liookkeei'ing. Fkbkuauy 1G, 189-. No. (»7. — PruciiASK OS Account. Examine this bill. Have all the goods been received? Are lliu loinis and ))rices correct? How can you tell? Test the calculations, and if found correct, 0. K. it and make the i)roper entiv. ajiplyiiig tlie General Rules. No. 6S. — Sale os Accouxt. If this order has been filled, make out the bill and enter in your Journal, applying the General Rules. Re-calculate the items of your bill and jilace it ill the i)roper rcce]itacle. Have you filed the order? No. G9. — Dkaft Rkquesting a Debtou to Pay a Creditok. H. B. Phillips & Co. are willing to honor (pay) our draft on them for the amount they owe the business. Turn to your Ledger and ascertain the amount. Using a blank form, write a draft requesting them to pay that amount to Kaufman, Straus & Co., whom tlie business owes. Inspect the draft critically. Who receives value by this operation? Who supplies the value? Read "a" under instructions for debiting and crediting drafts, page 51, and make the entry. This entrv is similar to entry for Ko. 66. Place the draft in an envelope and address it to Kauf- man, Straus & Co. Place the envelope in the proper receptacle. Febhl-aky ir, 189-. No. 70. — Note Given on Account. Write a note favor of J. J. Disosway & Co. for one nuHitli for -*>r-i50, making it j)ayablo at the City Bank. Critically examine the note. Debit — 7'ule 15 ; credit — ride 20. Make the entry, being careful to give the jiroper expla- nation. Place it in the i)roper receptacle. No. 71. — DitAFT ON A Debtor to Pay a Creditou. Turn to Kaufman, Straus & Co.'s account in the Ledger and ascertain the amount the business owes them. Do not fail to deduct the amount of the Journal entry on the 16th inst., as that entry has not been posted. Mr. T. A. Cooke has agreed to honor (pay) our draft on him for any amount he owes the business. Draw a draft on him at sight for the amount tlie business owes Kaufman, Straus & Co. Examine your draft carefully; read " a" under instructions for debiting and cred- iting drafts, page ol . and make the entry. This entry is similar to entries for Nos. 66 and 69. February IS, 189-. No. 72. — Sale on Account. Bill the goods called for in this order if they have been sent. How can you tell? Make the entry, applying rules 1 and 2. Re-calculate the items on the bill, then place it in the projier receptacle. File the order. No. 73. — Cash Sales Retail Department. Mr. Winter turns over to you this Cash (No. 73), being the amount received from cash sales in the retail department. Count it carefully and make the entry in the proper book, ajiplying rules 1 and 2. Place the Cash in the Cash Drawer. Study the following and be pre])ared to answer all the questions. Interest mid Discount. Interest is the compensation received or paid for the use of money ivhen or after it is due. Discount is the compensation received or paid for the use of money /)i'fore it is due. The object of this account is to show the gain or loss resulting from loaning or borrowing money, or discounting and buying Commercial Pajier. By Com- mercial Paper is meant notes, drafts, etc. The Special Rules for debiting and crediting Inf>.rest & Discount are: OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. oa '21. Debit Inlerest cf- Discount token either costs the business value. 99 Credit hilercst i& Discount when either supidies value to the business. When the debit side of the account is the hirger the difiorence is a Loss; when the credit side is the larger the difference is a Gain. The above rules for debiting and crediting will apply also to Exchange, Premium, Collection, Storage, Commission — in fact to all allowance accounts. It is customary to keep Interest and Discount in one account, ultliough some prefer to keep an account with Interest and another witli Discount. Note. — In calculating interest and discount the rate to be employed is &%, and days of grace are not to be considered. TRANSACTIONS ILLUSTRATING INTEREST & DISCOUNT ACCOUNT. Jan. 1. Paid interest on note favor Joseph Winter, $6.25. Jan. 2. Received cash for interest on John Keller's note, $7.20. Jan. 8. Purchased a note from Jos. Frey for $400, less discount to maturity, $3.80. Jan. 12. Discounted my note at bank for $6000, the dis- count being 85. CO. Jan. 18. Received cash from H. Stadler for his note due to-day, $800, and interest, $48. Jan. 23. Paid annual interest on my note favor Martin Schwartz, $21. Jan. 20. Purchased a note from August Sclireiber for $650, less discount to maturity, $4.60. Jan. 30. Discounted Jacob Mauser's note at bank, the discount being $6.75. -y^ So S/ __2. ^' t^ ^ Z-^ -2. «^^" .AsU *To be written in red ink. The debit side of the above account shows that Interest & Discount has cost the business value to tlie amount of $39.60; tlie credit side sliows that value has been supplied to the business to the amount of $63.60; the difference between what has been supplied (63.60) and what has been paid out (39.60) is $24, which is a Gain. In case more has been paid out than has been received, the result is a Loss. QuESTioxs. What is Interest? What is Discount? When is Interest & Discount account debited? When credited? When the debit side of the account is the greater, is the differ- ence a Loss or a Gain? To what other accounts will the above rules apply? What is the object of keeping the Interest & Discount account? 56 OlFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. No. 74. — XoTF, DiscorxTEi) at Bank. Mr. Ilammond wants you to h.ive discounted at bunk 11. JJ. Pliillips & Co.'s note of the 31st ult. Take the note from your Casli Drawer and find how many days it has to run, including the day it falls due. Calculate the discount at 6^ for the number of days it lias to run. Endorse the note in blank (on the left-hand end); i. e., write " C. W. Hammond, (you": .name> Atty." Take it and your Pass Book to the bank. The bank will discount it (purchase it, less the discount to maturity). Tell the clerk what the discount amounts to, and have him enter the amount of the proceeds in your Pass Book. Having received the pro))er credit in your Pass Book, return to your desk and enter the following on the left-hand stub of the Check Book: "Feb. 18, discounted n. B. Phillips & Co.'s note $400 less discount, 80(i(, 399.20." Add the net proceeds (399.20) to the amount in bank. In your Cash Book on the debit side record the following: " 18, Bills Receivable, Dis. II. B. Phillips & Co.'s note, |!400." (Take more than one line for explanation whenever necessary.) Ou the credit side of your Cash Book record the following: " 18, Interest & Discount, II. B. Phillips & Co.'s note, 80^." Why do you debit cash for $400? {UulcS.) Why do you credit Bills Receivable for 1400? {Rule 18.) Why do you debit Interest & Discount? {Rule 21.) Why do you credit Cash for 80^? {Rule 4.) Look up these rules carefully and do not pass by this transaction before you understand it thoroughly. The bank gives you §309.20 for the note; ;'. e., it increased your deposit that amount, which is equal to paying you $400 and you paying it 80j!' discount, just as the records in your Cash Book make it appear you diil. Remember that a note is always debited and credited for its face: therefore, when you sell a note to a bank or to some other person for less than its face it will be necessary to make the entry on the debit side oLthe Cash Book for the full amount; on the credit side make the entry for the amount allowed the party to whom you sell it, for the accommodation, whicli is charged to Intei'est & Discount. Did Interest & Discount cost the business value, or has it produced value to the business, by this transaction? What is the bank going to do with the note that it has just discounted for you? Who will pay the note when it becomes due? In case they fail to pay it, who will be held responsible by the bank for its ])ayment? Why? Note. — In Pliiljuiclphin, Baltimore, Louisville and some other cities it is customary to include botli the day of discounl and llje day of niatnrity wlii-n computing the banlc discount on commercial paper. Follow the instructions as given above unless otherwise directed by the teacher. Fkdruaky 20, 189-. Xo. 75. — Note Paid isv Check. The note favor of Henry Knefely & Son, whicli is due to-day, has been left with your teacher for collection. After filling the stub of your Check Book ])roi)erIy, write the check, making it payable to Henry Knefely & Son. Take it to the teacher and get him to cancel the note. File the note as a receipt. What account is to be debited? {Rule 19.) What account has supplied value? {Rule 4-) Make the entry in the Cash Book. When entries are made for checks issued, on which side of the Cash Book are they always made? Why? Have you written the i)roper explanation for this entry? February 20, 189-. No. 76. — Purchase from an Out of Town Party. Mr. Hammond has ordered the goods called for in this bill. The goods have all been received and the freight h.as been pre- paid and added to the bill. In order to receive the goods it was necessary for Mr. Winter to OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 57 present the shipping receipt that accompanied this bill, at the local freight office. Oo over the calculations and addition, and if found correct 0. K. same. Make the entry, applying rules 1 and 2. File the bill. No. 77. — Cash Remitted to a Creditor. Write a check favor A. Engelhard & Son for $200 to apply on account. Have you filled the stul) and deducted the amount? Write them a letter as follows: 0''_"'_':.V'.V'<'J.'fM , Fehrunni '20. ISO-. Messrs. A. Exgelhard cf- Son, Louisville, Ky. Gentlemen, — Enclosed please find my check for SSOO to apply on account. Please ncknuwledye receipt of same, and obliye. Yours truly, C. W. Hammond, pay Uluur name) Place the check on the letter sheet, then fold the letter properly, and after addressing the envelope correctly, insert it but do not seal it. Place the envelope in Vouchers for Others. Make the entry, applying I'ules 1 and 2. In what book is the entry made? No. 78. — Purchase from an Out of Town Party. The goods called for in this bill have been ordered by Mr. Hammond from C. Wilt & Son's salesman, who was in the city last week. Have the goods been received? Are the prices correct? How can you tell? Notice that the freiglit has been prepaid and added to the bill. Test the calculations and 0. K. the bill. What would you do in case you discovered an error? Make the entry, applying the General Rules. File the bill. No. 79. — Note Discounted at Bank. Discount Frey & Thomas' note at bank. Find how many days it has to run, including the due date. Take it and your Pass Book to the bank and tell the clerk what the discount amounts to. Also see that you receive proper credit in your Pass Book for tlie net proceeds. Return to your desk and make a record on the left-hand stub of your Check Book as instructed for No. 74. Have you added the net proceeds to the amount in bank? What has the business parted with (supplied to others)? What account cost the business value? {Rule 21.) What has the business received in return for the note (Bills Receivable) it sold to the bank? On the debit side of the Cash Book enter the face of the note as instructed for No. 74; on the credit side enter the discount as ])er instructions for No. 74. Have you written the proper explanation? Why not enter the actual amount received from the bank on the debit side of the Cash Book and omit the entry on the credit side? Feeruary 22, 189-. No. 80. — Sale to an Out of Town Party. Order No. 80 is from an out of town party. His references speak well of him, and his ratings by Dun and Bradstreet (Mercantile Agencies) are good. Mr. Hammond has ordered the goods to be shipped to him. Bill and enter same, applying General Rules. Go over your calculations. It will be necessary for 58 OFFICE ROUTINK AND BOOKKEEPING. you to fill out a triplicate set of Sliipjiing Receipts (sometimes called Bills of Ladini.mond, pgf. (Your name) Inclose your letter in a properly addressed envelope and place it in Vouchers for Others. Make the entry for the check, applying rules 1 and 2, after wliich ])lace tlie check in the Cash Di'awer. February 28, 189-. No. 94. — Drayage Bill Paid. This bill (No. 94) has been found to be correct and it has been 0. K.'d by the shipping clerk. Go over the calculations. Pay the bill by check. Write the check and place it in the Vouchers for Others. File the bill on the proper file. Make the entry from the stub in the Check Book. Debit — Rule IS; credit — Rule 4. No. 95. — Clerk's Salary Paid. Pay Mr. Frank Winter $60 by check as salary for the month. Place the check in Vouchers for Others. Debit — Rule IS ; credit — Rule 4. Why is E.tpense debited for clerk's salary? No. 96. — Bookkeeper's Salary Paid. Mr. Hammond has increased your salary, and you will pay yourself $75 for the month instead of $50, as in the previous month. Write the check and place it in the proper receptacle. Make the entry from the stub of the Clieck Book. No. 97. — Deposit. You will now make a deposit of all the cash on hand. Endorse the checks in your Cash Drawer as previously instructed. Count the currency and fill out a deposit ticket, placing the amount on the proper line. Enter the check on the deposit ticket. Re-count your currency and re-add the items on tlio deposit ticket. Add the deposit 62 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. to the amount in bank as sliown by the Check Book stub. On the left-liand stub make a detailed record of your deposit ticket. Take your deposit and Pass Book to the bank. After satisfying jourself that you have received proper credit, leave your Pass Book at the bank to be written up. Seventh Report. Fill out a Report Blank properly and hand same, together with the cash and vouchers for others, to your teacher for examination. Rewrite all vouchers that do not meet with ajiproval. Have your journal and cash book sheets approved, and copy same into your regular Journal and Cash Book. Proving Cash. Test the correctness of the entries in your Cash Book by comparing its balance with the balance on hand. If found to agree, you will balance and rule the Cash Book as previously instructed and bring the balance below the ruling in black ink. Posting. Open accounts as follows: Furniture & Fixtures on the 29th line of page 5, and Lerch Bros., 7 East Pratt St., City, on the 29tli line of page 17. Post to your Ledger from the Journal. Post from your Cash Book, observing previous instructions. Having finished the ])osting you will check (in jjcncil) over same to locate any error you may have made. Statements, ^fake out statements against all parties who are indebted to the business. Do not include either debit or credit items that are checked or ruled off, as they balance and have, therefore, been settled for in full. Be careful, however, lest you have made errors by checking or ruling items that do not balance, or in failing to check or rule those that do balance. Have your statements approved. Trial Balance. Pencil foot all the accounts in the Ledger that do not balance prepara- tory to taking a trial balance. Begin the trial balance on a journal sheet with the balance of cash as shown by the debit side of the Cash Book. Continue with all the accounts in the Ledger that do not balance. Have your trial balance approved before proceeding to close your books. Inventories. Preparatory to making a Balance Sheet and closing the books to ascer- tain the standing of the business, Mr. Hammond has ordered the shiitping clerk to take an account of stock. Mr. Winter has done this and found the stock on hand to consist of the articles named in the February Inventory (No. 97a). Make the calculations of the inventory on a sheet of paper and have same approved before copying into your regular Journal. Pile the inventory on the \"oucher File. Make an Inventory of Resources and Liabilities, per previous instructions, and submit same, for approval. Balance Sheet. L Head a blank Balance Sheet as you were instructed for January balance sheet. 2. Copy the Trial Balance on the Balance Sheet, observing previous instruc- tions. 3. Enter the inventories in the Resource column in red ink. 4. Extend the balances of the various accounts to the proj)er columns, referring to previous instructions. 5. Find the Net Gain. 6. Find Mr. Hammond's Present Capital. 7. Rule and foot all the columns. 8. Critically inspect your Balance Sheet and compare it with the Model as given on page 36, and if its appearance is not good make another copy of same. 9. Present for approval. Closing Acconnts Showing Losses and Gains. 1. Enter the merchandise inven- tory on the credit side of Mdse. account in red ink. 2. On liie jjrojier side enter (in red ink) the Gain. 3. Carry this Gain to the Loss & Gain account, referring to previous instruc- tions. 4. Bring down the Inventory below the ruling to the debit side of Mdse. account. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 63 Close Expense account and carrj' the Loss to the Loss & Gain account. Do not fail to rule every account that closes into Loss & Gain account. Close Interest & Discount account and carry the balance to the Loss & Gain account. This account is treated similarly to Expense account. Furniture & Fixtures account. 1. Enter the inventory on the credit side of Furniture & Fixtures account. 3. Enter the Loss on the proper side in red ink. 3. Carry the Loss to the proper account. 4. Have you ruled Furniture & Fixtures account and brought down the Inventory in black ink? This is a property account and is treated similarly to Merchan- dise account. Close the Loss & Gain account as instructed for January, properly ruling it and carrying the Net Gain to Mr. Hammond's account. Balance Mr. Hammond's account as you did in January and bring down the Present Capital. Check the balances of the accounts just closed with the balances as they appear in the Resource and Liability columns of the Balance Sheet to satisfy yourself that you have made no error in closing. Present all books for inspection. Review Questions. In business how often is it customary to make a balance sheet and close accounts showing losses and gains? What reasons ai'c there for not kecjung account of Furniture & Fixtures in the Expense account? What is a draft? What other kinds of orders are there? When is a bank draft preferable to a check? Of what advantage is a draft? What is the advantage of having a note discounted at a bank? What disadvantage do you see in discounting a note when you do not need the money? How often is it cus- tomary to take a trial balance in business? How would you close an account that does not show a loss or a gain, if you desired to do so? What property accounts do not, as a rule, show a loss or gain? Do personal accounts, as a rule, show losses or gains? When a debtor fails and cannot pay all that he owes you, what would you do with the balance he cannot pay? Would the business gain or lose in that case? What is the cbject of the Cash Book? In what way does it save labor? What is a shipping receipt? By what other name is a ship- ping receipt sometimes known? 64 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. THE BUSINESS OF C. W. HAMMOND &. CO -Makch 1, 1!S!»-. No. 98. — By tliis bill of pale Mr. riainniond sells his business to the firiii of C. W. Ham- mond & Co., the members of which arc yourself and Mr. Hammond, as he has decided to take you into the business as partner. Kead the bill of sale, attach the Inventory of Resources and Liabilities, then file it on the Voucher File. You will make a cash investment equal to Mr. Hammond's investment. {See Fchriianj Balance Sheet.) Get a check for the amount of your investment from your teacher, made payable to your order, which you will endorse over to the firm of C. W. Hammond & Co. as follows: " Pay to the order of C. W. Hammond & Co.," then sign your name underneath. Credit yourself for this check on the sheet repre- senting your Cash Book. Have you written the proper explanation? In the C. W. Hammond check book write a check favor of C. W. Hammond <£ Co. for the amount Mr. Hammond has in bank. Deduct the amount to show that Mr. Hammond individually has nothing in bank. Place both cliecks in the Cash Drawer. Your rights and privileges will be the same as 3Ir. Hammond's, and you are to share the Gains, Losses and Assets equally. Study form No. 1 in the appendix, then write a partner- ship agreement between yourself and Mr. Hammond on practice paper. Have it inspected by the teacher before copying on the blank jirovided in your package of supplies. Your teacher will sign for Mr. Hammond and show you how to fold and where to brief your part- nershij) agreement. Brief it by writing where directed "Partnership Agreement between C. W. Hammond and . , March 1, 1S9-." Place it on the Voucher File. Note. — In business two copies of the partnership agreement would be made and signed by both partners, so that each would have a copy. Hereafter sign all check.s and business papers as follows: " C. W. Hammond & Co.," and place your name on the form wherever indicated. Be sure that you never omit writing your name on each and every ])ai)cr i.ssued by the business. Do not sign your name as Att'y here- after, which is not necessary, as you are one of the proprietors and your rights are equal to Mr. Hammond's. Get your Pass Book at the bank and compare the balance with the balance as shown by the Stub of the Check Book. If found correct, write in red ink "0. K. with bank balance. Mar. 1." If tiiore is a discrei)ancy, follow instructions as given for last month. No. 99. — You will now deposit the checks on baud. Endorse them as follows: "Pay to the order of the City Bank, C. W. Hammond & Co., per .(yoHr.nS™?! ." Fill out a deposit ticket, using the C. W. Hammond & Co. form. Enter the amount of your deposit on the right-hand stub of your C. W. Hammond & Co. Check Book. On the left- hand stub of your Check Book make a detailed record as i)reviously instructed. Take your deposit to the bank and sec to it that C. W. Hammond & Co. receive credit instead of C. W. Hammond. This is very important. No. 100. — By this deed the building occupied by the business at 122-124 Main St., and the lots upon which it is located, are transferred to C. W. Hammond & Co. Read the deed carefully and ask (juestions on any points you do not fully understand. Read it a second time, then write the check for same and place it in the proper receptacle. Make the entry from the stub in the Check Book, applying the General Rules. Debit Real Estate instead of Merchandise, as this is a kind of property entirely different from the commodities you are dealing in as a business, and is not purchased with the intention of selling it for speculative OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 65 purposes. Brief and fold the deed properly and place it on the Voucher File. In what book have you made the entry? Have you written the proper explanation? No. 101. — This bill is for gas consumed during the month of February. You will pay it to-day to take advantage of the discount allowed when payment is made on the iirst day of the month. Write the check and place it in the proper receptacle. Make the entry as previously instructed. File the bill. Note. — Ordinarily this bill would be paid by the former proprietor who had the use of the gas. In this case you and Mr. Hammond agree that the partnership is to bear the expense. Partners may agree to do anything that is legal. No. 102. — This bill is for coal Mr. Hammond has purchased to heat the building. It has been 0. K.'d and receipted and therefore you will pay it by cbeck. Apply rules IS and ^ in making this entry. File tlie bill. Sales Book. This is the second of the labor saving books to be introduced. In this book are entered the purchasers' names and addresses, the terras on which the goods are sold, and a detailed record of the goods and prices of same, whenever a bill is rendered for the purchase. When no bill is rendered and the goods are jiaid for at the time of purchase, it is to be considered a part of the cash sales for the day, and Cash is debited and Merchandise is credited for the total of such sales, at tlie close of the day's business. In retail business houses the bulk of the sales are made to persons not known to the proprietors, and are paid for at the time of purchase. Such sales are never entered in the Sales Book, as it would involve unnecessary labor and inconvenience. The proper thing to do in cases similar to the above is to debit Cash and credit Merchandise for the total of the sales at the close of- the day's business. In posting from the Sales Book debit each purchaser with the amount of his purchase, and at the end of the month, or when a Trial Balance is taken, credit Mdse. account for the total sales. It will be seen that this book takes the place of the credit side of the Mdse. account in the Ledger. No. 103. — Using the C. W. Hammond £ Co. form of bill head, make out the bill for this order, as the goods have been sent. Re-calculate the items of your bill. Make the entry as given below on a journal sheet representing your Sales Book, making the correct extensions instead of the ones given. ^,6^-i^^s^£^^-^^ 66 OFFICE ROUTINI-: AND HOOKKKEPING. Note every detail closely in the illustration and be sure that your enti-y is made abso- lutely correct. Place the terms as you see them in the illustration. The figures "2/lO" indicate that a discount of 2^ will be allowed if the bill is paid within 10 days. "Xet 30 days" signifies that 30 days is the time allowed in which the bill may be jiaid, and it should be paid at the end of that time. Observe the greatest care in placing the terms both on your bill and in your Sales Book so that no discrepancy will occur. Place the bill in the proper receptacle and file the order. No detailed explanation for entries in the Sales Book will be given hereafter, and you will be expected to refer to the above for any information regarding the details of such entries. March 2, 189-. Invoice Bonk. This is the third of the labor saving books to be introduced, and in it are entered all jiurcliases of merchandise. Expense bills and the like are never entered in this book. Many different forms are in use in the business houses of the present day, and they are known by different names, some firms calling them Purchase Books. The form used herewith is one in common use, and possesses many advantages over most other forms. {See form oti page 67.) In this book the bills are pasted in consecutive order after they are received and have been 0. K.'d. When a bill is ready for credit, paste it into the Invoice Book, taking care not to extend the right-hand end of the bill beyond the first rulings of the money columns. To j)ri)perly do this it may be found necessary to trim the edges of the bills, as bills from different houses arc not uniform in size. In preparing the invoice to be pasted into the book, first apply the mucilage along the lower edge of the bill and then let it dry. Then apply the brush a second time and paste the invoice into the book. By observing these directions a smooth, even surface will be secured. The paper would shrink if jiasted in at first. Care should be taken to apply as little mucilage as possible. No. 104. — Go over the calculations of tliis bill and make sure that no error exists. Take your Invoice Book and see whether the bill fits in the space intended for it in the book; if not, trim it to the proper size. Apply a very small (juantity of mucilage to the back of the bill (on the lower edge) and let it dry. Apply the mucilage a second time, being careful not to use too much. Place the bill in the ]>ro[ier i)osition, even with the upper edge of the first page of the Invoice Book. Extend the total amount of the ])urchaso directly oi)posite where the firm's name apjiears. {See illustration on opposite page.) Be sure to do this with each and every bill. Mauch 3, 189-. No. 105 — Bill the goods called for in this order. Go over your calculations. Enter in the j)roper book and be sure to place the terms correctly, both in the book and on the bill. Always apply rules 1 and 2 for debiting and crediting when no others are given. Have you filed the order? No. 106. — Bill and enter this order in the proper book and place the order on file. Place the terms asked for in the order on the bill. No. 107. — This draft is in settlement of the amount the drawer owes the business. Turn to your Ledger and ascertain if the amount is correct. When is the amount to be paid to the business? Is it an order to pay or a promise to i)ay? Read rules 17 aiid 16 and make the entry. In wiiat book is it nuidc? The word "Accepted," etc., with the party's oignature is equal to his signing his name to a promissory note, as thereby he promises to pay you a sum of money on a certain date as absoluteli' as if he had given you his note. 68 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. March 5, 1S9-. No. 108. — Tliis cash is thf miKiuiit of the retail sales for the week. Kntcr in the proper book and place the cash in tlie Cash Drawer. No. 1(H>. — This check is in settlement of account. The party signing the check lias taken advantage of the discount allowed for prompt payment. Turn to your Sales Book, find the amount of his purchases, then take X'^ of that amount and subtract to see if it equals the amount called foi" in the check. If found to agree, make the entry as follows on the proper side of the Cash Book. ! I I ^ /^p- In case your Cash Book does not contain the rulings for the discount, you w ill rule the columns the same as illustrated above. In jiosting items tiiat contain discounts, observe the special instructions tliat will be given. Place the check in the Cash Drawer. March G, 189-. No. no. — Go over the calculations of this bill. If found correct, prepare for pasting into the Invoice Book by applying a very small quantity of mucilage on the lower edge of the back of the bill. Let it dry, then apply another small quantity and paste the bill so that it will cover the first bill up to the double ruling that divides the heading from the body of the bill. i^See illustration, page 67.) See that the right-hand edge of the bill is jiarallel with the first ruling of the money column. Extend the amount directly opposite the firm's name on the bill. No. 111. — Pay Barlow, Henderson Co. by check the amount the business owes them. Make the entry. In business it is not customary to make an entry for a check when it is issued, but to leave it until the close of the day or the beginning of the next day, when all the checks issued for the day are entered at once from the stubs. Therefore it is very important that a complete record be made on the stub, before the check is issued. Eii^htli Koport. Make a rei)ort and hand same together with the vouchers and cash for otiiers to the teacher. Have your cash, journal, and sales book sheets aiqiroved and copy them neatly into your regular books. Prove your cash to ascertain whether the amount called for by the Cash Book agrees with the amount you have in bank and in the C'ash Drawer. Posting. Ojien accounts with the following: 0>"' ""'"<" on tlie 20th line of page 1; Real Estate on page (i, and C. R. Danenliower ct Son, 1201 Broadway, City, on page 18. Post from tlie Sales Book first, debiting each person to whom you have made a sale. Do not forget to postmark in the Sales Book. Place the letter '• S" in the explana- tion column of the accounts to which jiostings are made from the Sales Book. Do not credit Merchandise for the total until the end of the month. Post from the Invoice Book, crediting each jiarty from whom you hare purchased. Do not forget to jiostmark on each bill directly ojiposite the extension. {Sec i/liistrdlioii, page 67.) Place the letter "'I" in the explanation column of all accounts that have received jiostings from tiic Invoice Book. Next post from the Journal, following ])revious instructions. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 69 Post from your Cash Book as previously instructed. When you come to A. P. Batson's account, credit him with cash received, $2197.41, using tlie letter " " as explanation. On the next line below credit him for discount, $44.85, using the term " Dis't" as explanation. This is the best method of handling merchandise discounts, as every account shows how much discount was allowed to it or received from it by the business. Note. — If we were to treat this entry as it is often treated by some business houses and authors on boolj- keeping; i. e., credit Mr. Batson for $2242.26, the amount he owes tlie business, and debit JIdse. Discount for $44.85, we would malse a record that would not be strictly true. Were we to post the $3242.20 to Mr. Batson's account, it would appear that he had paid us that amount and that no discount was allowed. Check over vour posting. March 7, 1S9-. No. 113. — Verify the calculations of this bill and 0. K. same, if found correct. Paste it into the Invoice Book, as jn-eviously instructed. Cover the second bill as far as the double ruling which divides the heading from the body of the bill. {See illuslration, parje 67.) Extend the amount directly opposite the party's name on the bill. No. 113. — Bill and enter this order, being careful to jilace the terms asked for on the bill. Make the entry, file the order and place the bill in the proper receptacle. No. 114. — Turn to T. A. Cooke's account in the Ledger and ascertain the amount he owes the business. He has consented to honor our drafts so long as he owes the business. Draw on him at sight for the amount he owes the business, making it payable to J. J. Disos- way & Co. Debit the party who receives the value and credit the jiarty who supplies the value. Place the draft in Vouchers for Others. March 9, 189-. No. 115. — Bill and enter this order, placing the terms asked for on the bill. Have you filed the order and placed the bill in the proper receptacle? No. 116. — This written promise to pay the business a certain sum of money is to apply on account. Why is it i)ayable to the business? Debit — Rule 17 ; credit — Enle 16. Be sure to credit the party who ordered this draft payable to the business, as he is tlie one who owes the business. Have you written the proper explanation? Consult your teacher when- ever in doubt as to what the proper explanation should be, as that is a very important ^lart of the entry. Place the draft in the Casli Drawer. March 10, 189- No. 117. — 0. K. this bill if the extensions are correct and paste it into the Invoice Book. Follow previous instructions in detail. Have you extended the amount directly opposite the firm's name? March 11, 189-. No. 118. — Bill and enter this order, being careful that the terms and calculations are correct. Make out a set of shipping receipts and take them to the freight agent or teaclier and have him receipt same. Enclose the original with the bill in a properly addressed envelojie. File the order. No. 119.— Accept this draft in red ink. Write "Accepted payable at City Bank, March 11, 189-, C. W. Hammond & Co., per (yo"':.°a"ie| " Make this entry, applying the instructions given in paragraph "e" under drafts, page 52. Place tlie acceptance in Vouchers for Others. Have you written the proper explanation for this entry? 70 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. March 12, 189-. No. 120. — Cash sales for the week. Count the cash and make the entry. No. Itil. — .Make a deposit of all checks and currency on hand. Be sure that you have endorsed all the checks projjcrly. No. 122.— Pay C. K. Danenhower & Son's bill liy clicck less the discount allowed for proinjit iiaynient. Turn to their hill in the Invoice Book and ascertain what the terms and rate of discount are. Calculate the discount and deduct it from the amount of the bill. Write a check for the net amount, being sure to explain on the stub tliat a discount was allowed. Make an entry similar to the entry made wlien the business received a check less discount, from A. P. Batson. Why is this entry made on the credit side of the Cash Book? JIakih 13, 189-. No. 123. — Bill and enter this order, placing the terms asked for on the hill. Place all vouchers in the proper receptacles. No. 124. — Accej)! this draft, following instructions for Xo. 119. Have you made the proper explanation for this entry? Place the acceptance in Vouchers for Others. Niiitli Keport. Make a re])ort and liand all vouchers and cash for others to the teacher. Have your woik on the journal sheets examined and coin' same into your regular books. Prove ca.sh to ascertain if the balance as shown by the (Jash Book agrees with the actual balance on hand. I'ostiiia:. Open the following accounts: C. W. Jefferson, 5.")1 Fourth Ave., City, on the 14th line of page 18, and White Star Mills, City, on the 29th line of the same page. (1) Post from the Sales Book. (2) Post from the Invoice Book. (3) Post from the Journal. (4) Post from the Cash Book. Wlien you post the entry on the credit side apply the instructions given for Mr. Batson 's account in your previous jiosting, being careful tliat you post to the debit of C. K. Danenhower & Son's account instead of the credit. Have you placed the initials of the books from which you posted in the explanation column of the ledger accounts? Check over vour posting. Makcu 14, 189-. No. 125. — Verify tlic extensions of tliis bill, 0. K. it if found correct, and enter in the Invoice Book. Have you extended the amount directly opposite the firm's name? No. 126. — Bill and enter this order. Make out a set of shipping receipts and have the freight agent receipt for the goods. Enclose the original with the bill in a properly addressed envelope. File the order. Makch 15, 1S9-. No. 127. — Pay Ijcrch Bros, by check the amount the business owes them and make the entry. Makcii 1G, 189-. No. 12S. — Ascertain frnni the Ledger the amount Frey & Thomas owe the business. They have consented to honor our draft for tliat amount. Draw a draft at ten days' sight, making it payable to Ballard & Ballard Co., whom the business owes. Debit the ]nirty who receives tlic value and credit the party who sujjplies the value. Place the draft in the proper receptacle. office routine and bookkeeping. 71 March 17, 189-. No. 129.— N"ote favor of J. J. Disosway & Co. for $1250 made payable at your bank is due to-day. As it is made payable at City Bauk it is paid out of the firm's deposit and charged to the firm the same as when the bank pays the firm's checks. At the end of the month when your pass book is written up it will be returned to you with the checks. To keep your check book balance even with your bank balance it will be necessary for you to deduct the amount,and write an exjilanatiou. On the left-hand stub write "March 17, 189-. Bank ])aid note favor J. J. Disosway & Co., $1350.00." On the right-liand stub deduct the amount from the last balance. Make the entry on the credit side of the Cash Book, apply- ing rules 19 and 4- Why? Note. — In many places the banks require their depositors to pay notes made payable at the bank by check. When this is done the notes are cancelled and delivered to the depositor at the time they are paid instead of holding them until the pass book is written up. In that case the stub of the check takes the place of the detailed record explained above, f'ollow the instructions as given above unless otherwise directed by the teacher. March IS, 1S9-. No. 130. — -Verify the calculations and 0. K. this bill. Paste into the Invoice Book, following previous instructions. Do not forget to extend the amount directly opposite the firm's name every time you paste a bill into the Invoice Book. No. 131. — Pay Kenaker & Heinrich by check the amount tlie business owes them and make the entry. March 19, 189-. No. 132. — Amount received for cash sales during the past week. Do not forget to make the entry. March 20, 189-. No. 133. — This check is to apply on account. Make the entry and 2)lace the check in the Cash Drawer. No. 131. — This check is in full settlement of account. No. 135. — Deposit all checks and currency on hand. Do not fail to endorse the checks properly. March 21, 189-. No. 136. — Turn to Coyle, McCandlish & Co.'s bill in the Invoice Book and ascertain the terms and rates of discount allowed when prompt payment is made. Calculate the dis- count and deduct from tlie amount of the bill. Write a clieck for the net amount, being certain that you make a proper record of the discount on the stub, so that you will be able to make a proper record therefrom in the Cash Book. This entry is similar to entry for No. 122. March 22, 1S9-. No. 137. — Go over the calculations of this bill and 0. K. same if found correct. Note the terms of the bill; also tlie discount allowed. Although the terms tire cash, do not pay it until instructed. In business the term "Cash" is frequently construed as meaning any time within ten daj's. This lapse of time enables the purchaser to receive the goods before paying for them. Enter as previously instructed, extending the amount of the bill directly opposite the party's name. • - OFFICE ROUTINE AND liOOKKEEPING. MaKCH 23, 189-. No. 138. — Pay ^- ^^ 'l*- "-^ Son bj' check the amount tlie business owes them and make tlie entry. Write them a letter similar to the following: (T'^r..Pf9^}. , Mar. 23, 1S9-. V. Wn/r d- Son, Philadelphia, Pa. Gentlemen, — Enclosed find our check for S555.35, in full settlement of account. Please acknowl- edge same. Yours truly. C. W. Hammond & Co., Enclose the check and letter in a properly addressed envelope and place it in Vouchers for Others. No. 131). — Pay Edward P. Genung's bill of yesterday by check and make the projier entry. March 24, 189-. No. 1+0. — Ilainniond & Co. desire to buy stock in a corporation, and not having the required amount of cash on hand (in bank), they wish to have the firm's note discounted at the bank. Write a note for $1000.00 at 30 days, making it payable to the City Bank. Cal- culate the discount at 6^ for 30 days. Take it to the bank and state what the discount amounts to and see tiiat you receive proper credit for the proceeds. On the left-hand stub of the Check Book make a record of the transaction. For details see No. 74. Add the proceeds to the amount in bank. Make the entry in the Casli Book, debiting according to rule 3 and crediting according to rule £0 for the face of the note. On the credit side of the Cash Book make the usual entry for the discount. Have you written the proper explanation for these entries? No. 141. — Read this certificate of stock carefully. It has been purchased at par (face value). Writeaclieck for same, making it ])ayablc to tlie Worcester Coal Co. This is a kind of i)roperty different from the commodities you are dealing in as a business, and it would not be i)roper to charge it to Merchandise. Apply the General Rules for debiting and crediting and debit AVorcester Coal Co. Stock. File the certificate on the Voucher File. Mauch 25, 189-. No. 142. — The goods called for in this order have been sent. Bill, enter and file all the papers projierly. No. 143. — In payment of No. 142 less discount. See the rate of discount in the Sales Book and go over the calculations to see that no errors were made. Enter similar to No. 109. No. 144. — Deposit all checks and currency on hand. Endorse the checks properly. No. 14.J. — To get the benefit of the discount, you will j)rcpay the draft favor of Tlios. W. Dryden accepted on tlic 13th inst. Ascertain the number of days it lias to run until due, and find the discount for that number of days. Write a check for the proceeds, making it payable to tiie holders of the draft. Take the check to your teacher and you will receive the draft properly endorsed. Do not fail to debit the draft for the full amount (face value), and credit Discount on the ojiposite side of the Cash Book. File the draft on the Voucher File. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 78 Tenth Koport. Mnke a report and hand in the cash and vouchers for others. Have your work on tlie journal sheets approved, and copy same neatly into your regular books. Prove your cash to ascertain whether the balance as shown by the Cash Book agrees with the balance on hand. Posting. Open accounts as follows: Worcester Coal Co. Stock on the 14th line of page C; Dennis & Herring, AVest Washington Market, City, on the 14th line of page 11; Coyle, McCandlish & Co., 615 Market St., City, on page 19, and Edward P. Genung, 283 Washington St., City, on the 14tli line of the same page. Post all books in the order previously indicated. Always refer to previous instructions when in doubt how to proceed. Cheek over your posting in pencil. March 26, 180-. No. 146. — Go over the calculations of the bill and if found correct 0. K. it and enter in the proper book. No. 147. — For cash sales of retail department. Make the entry in the proper book. No. 148. — Take draft favor of Harry Powell and accepted by E. K. Shoop from your Cash Drawer, and have same discounted atbank. Ascertain the number of days it has to run. Calculate the discount. Endorse the draft. See that you receive proper credit in your Pass Book. Make the usual record on the left-hand stub of the Check Book and add the proceeds to the balance in bank. Credit the draft for the full amount and be sure to debit Interest & Discount on the opposite side of the Cash Book. Refer to rules 3, 18, 4 and 21 if you experience any difficulty with this entry. No. 149. — The firm's acceptance favor J. J. Disosway & Co., made payalile at City Bank is due to-day. The bank has paid same out of the firm's deposit, and will return it to you, with the checks paid, at the time your Pass Book is written up. To keep your Check Book balance and bank balance alike you will deduct the amount from the last balance on the Check Book stub. Make the usual record on the left-hand stub. (See No. 129.) March 27, 189-. No. 150. — Bill and enter goods called for in this order as per terms written on the order by Mr. Hammond. Always verify your calculations and file all papers before taking up the next transaction. No. 151. — Draw a draft at sight on A. J. Gouley, Louisville, for the amount he owed the business on the first day of the month. Make tiie draft payable to ''Ourselves" and endorse it as you endorse a check for deposit, and leave it at the bank for collection. No record will be necessary except the record on the draft book stub, although it is the custom of some banks to give credit "in short" for all paper left for collection. March 28, 189-. No. 152. — Make out the bill for this order, taking off the discount asked. This bill will be made out similar to bill No. 137 in the Invoice Book. Make the record in the Sales Book similar to the bill. File the order and place the bill where it belongs. No. 153. — In payment of No. 153. Make the entry. No. 154. — Bill and enter on the same terms as their previous order. Verify the calcu- lations and file all papers. 74 OFFICE P.'-jCTTNE AND BOOKKEEPING. ^o. loo. — In paVTiient of Nvs. i-y'! an^i i.j-i, iL-M LCt- discoant allotr ment. C;ilcalate the discoant to see that yoa are. receiving the projier a:. - the diacoant ia deducted. Make the entry sinular to No. 143. Are yon tiiing aii ine paper? received and issuoi? This is very important. March 30, 1S9-. No. 156. — DLiCoant at the bank A. P. Batsons draft, accepted by Martin Schwartz. Calculate the discount for the unerpired time and endorse the draft. Take it : k and receive proper credit. Make the usaal detailed record on the left-hand ii- .: ;„e Check Book and add the proceeds to the amount in bank. (See So. 1^.) Make the entrv from the stub of the Check Book, crediting the note for the full amoaat and debiting Interest 4 Discount for the discount allowed. No. 157. — Prepay the note favor Ballard & Ballard Co. to take advantage of the discount allowed when payment is made before the note is due. After calcolating the discoant for the unexpired time, write a check for the pnx-eeds, making it payable to the holders of the note. Take the check to your teacher and receive the note properly endorsed. Make the entry in the proper book from the Check Book stub. No. 158. — Verify the calcolations of this bill and enter in the proper book. No. 159. — Bill the goods called for in this order, deducting the discoant aeked for. This entry is similar to entry for Xo. 152. No. 160. — In payment of No. 159. March 31, 189^. No. 161. — Pay Frank Winter 175 by check a£ salary for the month instead of $60, aa his salary has been increased. Make the proper record. No. 162. — Write a check favor C. W. Hammond for *100, ?. .= wants for private nse. Do not forget to make the entry as per rules 6 and 4- No. 163. — Pay yotirself %10Q by check for private nse and make the entry, applying rules '■j and 4- No. 164. — If this biU is correct, pay it by check and make the usual entry. No. 165. — Deposit the cash on hand, endorsing the checks properly. No. 166. — Prepay the note favor of City Bank to take advantage of the discount allowed when payment is made before maturity. Calculate the discoant for the unexpired time and write a check for the proceeds, making it payable to '"Note of March 24." Take it to the bank and receive the note with the proper endorsement. Make the entry, debiting the note for the fall amount (face value) and crediting Cash. Credit Interest & Discoant for the amount gained and debit Cash. Eleventh Report. Make a report and hand the vouchers for others and cash to the teacher. Have your journal sheets representing yoor books inspected, and when anproved copy same into your regular books. See if the cash book balance agrees with the balance on hand (in bank). If found to agree, balance and rule the Cash Book in red. ink and bring down the balance in black ink- A2rD SOOii„i.iiPI>"'3. <^ Pi><- - - --.--- - - - -^ ^y^ ^^^ 35iai Ene of pa^ '-■-'_'- ' . ' •'-- ?*== li: L A. GU.- eSinm. Cisr. etE ps^e 1*; Ctrrrj. Trmrs jfe Xocwacd- 4— Vt'. Mifa Sc_. Ciit. cm lie SSol Ene of ' ~ ^ - ' ■ - , it}. PoK ix.m uLr books in rfie sisaAl oriar snd -3. donbu iij u>:- zt-i piTjper inciiZiod. P':6u zhb uOC^ ik ia> tte debis of iibe Miise. aecGOJiiL. ^'•'".■I'nT- ufie wrscd '- Pcxciiases ~ in. t±e ■z-r :^ \ "'-^^ '- ' -' .: of ube- Sales B^ok uo u&e orediu side cf die Mdie^ aeeccniL -5~ _ , ■ ^f:yr:fcr7.-in ciji-iimjs- Poen iiae :cGiI of uiie i>iieotiiiJr eolaniii ;- : ace of lyse CasK B>:o«; no une decn: ef Stise. Ihseoiiiiis. and iihe KscaJ. ef irrir 'wz. of die iCi=e. Dsctctizis. Cbrct cts: iie posriiijr. •;",-ii: Toa zsat Sti" - " - ' ». Mike ocu sanetniHiss ^amsc sll enscode:? 'Tsrin^ nZie feTC- Be sire t35 id 'areiiu V3sm& focud :o balaniie. Do ::ioi: 'iecend enrlrtlj cpoG: joox rtilinj- ; J. . _iOL aaearafninj lie bems '^^~ bjiLiiJCg-. Ki^e jocr sliPeniecs acp!ro^?d ind :f lisiarL as ^jrervjcslj inscmeccd. Trill BaLuwe. Pecefl 3}og all aeeuujiua uiiaii' do nr Sire aoc s* Qiaii iiae casa balance rf joir espeec so Isai^ne toot urial bstl^iQce peon's. T - _ - - — ^ - • Balaae^ Si^^t. Make an In-enrorr of Eesc'crces k LFac 7 ^ : ;_^ ; ;_ : _ ^jotnaiii lie suji'ling of uiue bnsniasE- Far acooGni: of progenr^ . aee Inicssory (Xtx li5&> Eakea. bj Mr. Wmaa: and appEo^ed bj Mr: Himmoa-i. T -reiaji ii'i 'ill 3S) '3t] i;^> M> rr.:' ^.-.:or.T- -:- 1 5-: -- ^ - - - 11 ' Ir :o " 12310 '» r Leases and •iifns. PreseEu aZ bocks ror : -icC. azoer ■wro.on —A;^'- a natu pransiriTT - , . .- -oeed ij close :±e accocns in 're Leix'ir Ai;i;It" iie rnaanecf'ifis far el"3snx iiae Srsi se^ wneneTer in docbc *^i ^00 ' ' . ^■:!ss as eszilb- ~ T^C 1£> Sil -- .."ieif Trrfcr TOE ipeccon. 76 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. TiiK iUsiMss OF C. W. IIammoxi) & Co., Continued. Aphil 1, 1S9. No. 167. — Mr. Frank AVintcr has dccidctl to purchase an interest in the business, and invests the amount he lias on deposit in the Bank of Marion, as shown by this certificate of deposit, wliieh lie has endorsed over to the firm. Read it carefully and examine the endorse- ment. Make the entry, ap])lying rules J, 2 and 8. Place th<- cirt ideate of deposit iu the Casli Drawer. Study form 2 in the aiijiendix, then draw up a partnership agreinuut embodying the following points: (1) The jiartnership is to continue for five jT?ars, unless sooner dissolved by consent of all the jiartners. (2) The net gain or loss is to be divided equally. (3) Owing to the uiKMiual iuvestments of the partners, interest is to be allowed each partner on his investment, and interest is to be charged on his withdrawals. (4) Each partner is entitled to draw §150 ])er month. ]\[ake a draft of your partnership agreement and submit it for inspection before cojiying on the form in your jiackagc of supplies. When it is copied on the form it should be signed by Mr. Hammond, yourself and Mr. Winter. (Your teacher will sign for Mr. llainmoiid and Mr. "Winter.) Brief and file on the Voucher File. jfoTE. — In l)usincs.s three copies of the partnership agreement would be made and signed by each of the partners, so that eacli partner would have a copy. Using form Xo. 98 as a model, write a bill of sale on practice paper, transferring the per- sonal property of the firm to the meniber.s of the new firm. Have it ajiproved before copying on the form furnished in your supplies. It should then be executed by Mr. Hammond and yourself in the presence of a witness. (Your teacher will sign for Mr. Hammond.) Brief and file on the Voucher File. Using form No. 100 as a model, write a warranty deed on practice paper, making the members of the new firm the grantees. After the deed has been approved, copy it on the regular blank. It should then be executed and acknowledged by ilr. Hammond and your- self. (Your teacher will sign for Mr. Hammond and for the commissioner of deeds.) Brief and file on the Voucher File. No. 168. — Verify the calculations of this bill and paste it into the Invoice Book at the top of ]iage 4. No. 169. — I'ay tliis Ijill by clicck. You are expected to file all papers hereafter and make the entry at the proper time, as all instructions regarding same will be omitted except in special cases. See note under No. 101, page 65. No. 170. — Deposit the certificate of de]iosit after properly endorsing it. April 2, 189-. No. 171. — Bill the goods called for in this order on the terms asked. Spllinil (ioods on Coniinissioii. Many merchants do not purchase the goods they deal in as a business, but act as the agent for the owner of the goods. They receive as com- pensation for their services a certain percentage on the gross sales, called a commission. Hence they are known as Commission Merchants. They often receive goods to be sold from parties in other cities, where there is no ready market for same, as it is expected a readier and better market can be secured in their localities. OFFICE ROUTINE AND HOOK KEEPING. 77 No. 172. — It has been arranged by Mr. Hammoml to liavo the firm sell goods on commis- sion for other parties. The goods called for by this invoice of shijiment have been received to bo sold for the account and risk of the consignors, Emmons, Hawkins & Co. Read the invoice of shipment carefully and compare it with an ordinary hill. Note that no prices are given. The reason for this is that the business is iu)t jmrchasing the goods, but is receiving them to be sold for the consignors, and all that the business will receive will be a certain per cent, of the gross sales, called a commission. You make no entry because the goods belong to the consignors and not to C. W. Hammond & Co. When the goods are sold, the amount received for them less the firm's commission aiul other charges will be remitted to the con- signors. File the shipping invoice on the Voucher File. No. 173. — Turn to your Ledger to ascertain if the amount called for by this statement agrees with your records. If found to agree, pay same by check. Write a letter asking the parties to receipt the statement. Enclose it together with the check and statement in a properly addressed envelope. No. 174. — Turn to your Ledger and verify the correctness of this statement. If found correct proceed as with No. 17.3. April 3, 189-. No. 175. — Cash sales for the week. No. 176. — Read this letter carefully. Not finding a ready sale for the Beans and Peas on hand, Mr. Hammond has ordered the quantity desired of each to be shipped. Make out the shipping invoice similar to the one received from Emmons, Hawkins & Co. Enter the ship- ment in the Sales Book, making the extensions at the current cost prices as given in the March Inventory. Prefix the word " Shipt." to the party's name to distinguish it from the sales. Make out a set (3) of shipping receipts and prepay the freight, which amounts to $13.12 by check. Take the check and Shipping Receii)t Book to the Freight Agent. In the Cash Book charge Shipt. Philip Lindeman with the freight. Enclose the original shipping receipt with the shipping invoice in a properly addressed envelope. Note. — When Philip Lindeman receives this consignment he makes no entry, as the goods belong to C. W. Hammond & Co. When he sells the goods he credits C. W. Hammond & Co.'s Consignment for the sales and debits it for his commission and the net proceeds. See No. 172 for similar transaction. No. 177. — The draft drawn on A. J. Gouley, Louisville, Ky., on the 27th ult. has been collected. Go to the bank and have the amount placed to your credit in your Pass Book. On the left-hand stub of the Check Book write "Collection, A. J. Gouley, Louisville," and the amount. Add the amount to the balance in bank and credit A. J. Gouley for the same in the Cash Book. April 4, 1S9-. No. 178. — Read this order carefully and examine the bank draft. Have the goods been sent? If so, bill and enter the order, allowing the discount asked and make the entry for the bank draft. Note the endorsement on the back of the bank draft. Make out a set of shipping receipts and have the freight agent receipt for the goods. Enclose the original with the bill in a properly addressed envelope. No. 179. — Verify the calculations and enter in the proper book. No. ISO. — Pay Curry, Tunis & Norwood by check the amount of their bill, less the dis- count allowed for prompt payment. Be sure to make the jji-oper record of the discount in the Cash Book. 78 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. April 5, 1S9-. Note Ledger or Itill Hook. The fourtli of the labor saving books to be introduced is tlio NoU' Li'dgiT, or the liills Kcceivable and Bills Payable Book, as it is commonly called. In this book are entered all the notes received and issued by the business. When the same are jiaid or redeemed in any manner, the record is made in this book from the Cash Book or other posting book, and no account, either of the notes received or given, will be kept in the regular Ledger hereafter. The notes received are posted to the credit of the proper personal accounts in the regular Ledger, and those issued to the debit of the proper personal accounts. For form of Note Ledger see the blank furnished you in your supplies and the illustration given on opposite page. Study same carefully. No. ISI. — Write a 30-day note favor of Fred Bowley for the uinoiiiii the business owes him, dating it ilarch 30, and making it payable at the City Bank. Make the entry on the Bills Payable side of the Xote Ledger, filling all the blanks from the note, except the one headed " Drawer and Endorser." {Sec oppodte jtciye.) No. 1S2. — For annual dividend on 25 shares of AVoreester Coal Co. Stock. Credit Wor- cester Coal Co. Stock. Why? No. ISU. — In response to an inquiry made by Mr. Hammond, the Quaker City Milling Co. has quoted the following price on Hour: 4.00 per brl. less \Q% when cash accompanies order. Write a letter ordering 200 brls., telling them you enclose bank draft in payment less the discount allowed. Write a check for the net cost of the flour, take it to the bank and receive bank draft for same. After endorsing the draft properly ii made payable to your order, enclose it with your letter in a properly addressed envelope. Make the entry, charging the parties who have received the value. Why would it not be as well to send your check in place of tlie bank draft? Twelfth Report. ^lake a report and hand it to the teacher with the cash and vouchers for otiiers. Copy your bookkeeping work into your regular books after it has been approved. Post tlic cash as previously instructed. Postini^. Open accounts as follows: Frank Winter on the 34tli line of page 1; Shipt. Philip Liudenian, Xew York City, on jiage 7; Jno. G. Leake, Marion, Ky., on the 14th line of page 12; E. Levering & Co., 102 Commerce St., City, on the 14th line of page 20: Bremer & Maiiis Co., 1405 Main St., City, on the 29th line of page 20, and Quaker City Milling Co., Philadelphia, on jiagc 21. Post your books in the order ])reviously indicated. In posting fi-om the Xotc Ledger, debit Fred Bowley for the amount of the note, writing the word " Note " for explanation. Be sure to place the Ledger page in the proper column in the Note Ledger. Check your posting. April G, 189- No. 1S4. — Bill and enter this order. Do you always verify your resultsr No. 185. — Pay C. W. Jefferson by check the amount due him less the discount allowed for ])roiupt ])ayment. No. 1S6. — In lull of account to April 1st. No. 187. — To ajiply on account. Enter in the Bills Receivable Book, filling in the blanks from the note itself, excepting the one headed " Drawer and Endorser," April 7, 189-. No. 188. — Verify the extensions and enter in the proper book. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 79 > as o 3 1^ g •X m n Jan. Feb. 1 Mar. >S I April May 1 June July 1 Aug. 1 Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. t-' ?1 1 B O a § 3 o c t3 W o O O j5 •a 3 P o" B 1j 33 1— » Z ^ -J i O pj Ct "y. d a >■ ^ B 5J >- Z w a o B M B r^ ^ >- 3 5 B c >■ fp o ? p *^ 3 -- D. a to O ^ ^ > o B ■^ O S B t? ^ H o H O ■# M <1 B Z ^ B O B B << B p ? ■< pr B r « CJ M 80 OKI-ICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEKI'INC;. April 8, 189-. >o. 1S9. — Tlie goods nsked for in this letter have been consigned by Mr. Winter to be sold on our account and risk. Make out the invoice of shipment and enter in the Sales Book at current cost prices as shown by the March Inventory, prefixing the title "Shipt." Make out the sliipping receipts and have the freight agent receipt for same. Do not prepay the freight; it will be paid at the other end of the line and charged to our consignment. No. 11)0. — The goods called for in this invoice of shipment have been received and are to be sold on account and risk of the shipper. Pay the freight as per the freight bill. Sign and detach the receipt and place in Vouchers for Others. Examine and file freight bill. Charge Const. Geo. Brown for the freight. April 9, 189-. >'o. 191. — Bill and enter this order, deducting the discount asked. Record the check in the projiir book. Make out a set of shipjjing receipts and have the agent receipt for tlie goods. Enclose the original with the bill to the party who gave the order. No. 192. — To aj'ply on account. Enter similar to Xo. 187. Apuii, 10, IS!)-. No. 19:J. — Cash sales for the week. No. 19-1. — Verify and enter. Why is this bill receipted? Pay the freight. April 11, 189-. No. 195. — Bill and enter. No. 196. — Write a 30-day note payable at City Bank to balance White Star Mills" account, and make the entry similar to entry for No. 181. Aruii. l-i. 189-. No. 197.— In full of account. No. 198. — Pay Edward P. (ienung's bill of the Ttii inst. by check, less the discount allowed for ])rompt payment. No. 199. — Deposit all cash items on hand. April 13, 189-. No. 200. — Verify and enter as usual. No. eOl.— Pmv H. Kiiofely & Son's bill of March 14 by check. Thirteenth Keport. ISIake a report and have your journal sheets approved. Copy Bame into your regular books. Prove the cash. Posting. Open the following accounts: Shipt. R. A. Golden, Louisville, Ky., on the 14th line of page 7; Wm. J. Cooke, Asheville, X. C, on the 29th line of page 12; Const. Geo. Brown, New Orleans, La., on the 14th line of pagq 21, and Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick, City, on the 29th line of the same page. Post as jireviously instructed. Check your posting. April 14, 189-. No. 202. — Bill and enter this order in the Journal, at the price named, debiting the party who receives value and crediting Emmons, Hawkins & Co.'s Const. This entry is made in the Journal in order that you may give proper credit to the Consignors, instead of creditinir the Merchandise account, as would be the case were you to make the entry in the Sales Book. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 81 Note. — In business, when the commission sales are numerous, a Commission Sales Book is kept for all sales on commission. In the absence of the Commission Sales Book a special column is used in the regular Sales Book to receive the sales on commission. No. 203. — In full payment of amount due. Bead the note carefully. What difference do you observe between this and other notes that you have received? This note is interest bearing, and consequently we gain the interest that will accrue by extending the time, while the maker loses thereby the amount of the interest. No. 204. — Write a note favor Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick in full of account, at one mouth from date of their bill, and make the proper record. April 16, 189-. No. 205.— Bill and enter. No. 206. — Verify the extensions and enter. No. 207. — Invoice of shipment for merchandise received to be sold for the account and risk of the consignor. Make no entry. Why not? The merchandise belonging to this con- signment will be designated as Const. No. 2 to distinguish it from a previous consignment received from the same parties. No. 208. — Pay Henry Eohner's bill by check, less the discount allowed for prompt pay- ment. Do not fail to make the proper record of the discount. April 17, 1S9-. No. 209. — Cash sales for the week. No. 210. — Account Sales and check for the net proceeds of shipment made on the 3d inst. Credit the shipment for the amount of the check, and, after examining the account sales, carefully file it on the Voucher File. No. 211. — In payment of bill less discount. Verify the discount calculation. ami enter. April 18, 189-. Make out shipping receipts, and proceed as previously No. 212.— Bil instructid. No. 213. — As you have received jiayment from Weber & Co. for the merchandise sold them belonging to Emmons, Hawkins & Co.'s Const. No. l,you will render them an account sales and remit them the net proceeds after your charges for commission, etc., and the discount allowed Weber & Co. for prompt jjayment have been deducted. Calculate the commission, etc., at 5^ on the total sales. Debit Emmons, Hawkins & Co.'s Const, for the total of com- mission and merchandise discount, and credit these accounts for their respective amounts, ia the journal. With the exception of the amounts, make the entry as follows: 18 Emmons, Hawkins & Co.'s Const. No. 1, Commission, Mdse. Discts., 5^ on sales, allowed Weber & Co., 24 15 9 Give the reasons mentally for the above debit and credits. Write a check for the net proceeds and place it, with the account sales, in an envelope properly addressed. Charge the consignment from the stub of the Check Book for the remittance. When the entries just made are posted the account should balance. 82 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Apuil 19, 189-. No. 'Jl-l. — \'crify the extensions and enter. No. -15. — To apply on account. Pinter similar to No. 203. April 1*0, 1S9-. No. 216. — Account sales and check for the jiroceeds. Verify the calculations and enter as previously instructed, creditinji; Shipt. li. A. Golden. No. 217. — To balance account less discount for prompt payment. Verify the discount. April 21, 189-. No. 218. — Bill anil enter this order on the terms asked. As the goods sold do not belong to us, do not credit Merchandise, but credit the consignment to which they belong and debit the party wlio gave the order. In what book is this entry to be made? Why? No. 219. — Write a GO-day note favor Curry, Tunis & Norwood for §1000 to apply on account, and make the entry in tlie ])roi)er book. Fourteeiilli Report. Make a report and hand in all vouchei-s. Have your work approved and copy into your regular books. Prove the cash. Posting. Open accounts as follows: Commission on the 29th line of page 7; U. Weber & Co., City, on page 13; Chas. Y. Kay, 349 Main St., City, on the 14th line of page 13; Const. Emmons, Hawkins & Co. No. 1, Omaha, Neb., on page 22, and Henry Rohner, N. E. Cor. 5th & Hace Sts., City, on the 14th line of page 22. Post and check as previously instructed. April 22, 189-. No. 220. — Verify the calculations and enter. No. 221. — In full, less the discount allowed for prompt payment. Verify the discount. No. 222. — Render an account sales to Geo. Brown and send him the net proceeds by check. Commission to be 5^ of gross sales. Deduct the merchandise discount allowed Chas. Y. Kay. In the Journal debit tiie Const, for commission and merchandise discounts and credit Commission and Mdse. Discounts for their respective amounts. Write the check for the net jiroceeds and make the proper record of same in the Cash Book. Place the check with the account sales in a properly addressed envelope. April 24, 189-. No. 223.— Bill and auter. No. 224:. — Ciish sales for the week. No. 225. — The goods asked for have been sent. Make out the invoice of shipment but make no extensions. Enter in the Sales Book at current cost prices us shown by the JIarch Inventory, prefixing the title "Shipt." Make out the shipping receipts aiul ])repay the freight, which amounts to Si 18. 64, by check. Have the freight agent receipt for same. Place the original with the invoice of shipment in a properly addressed envelope. No. 226. — Dei^osit all cash on hand. April 25, 189-. No. 227. — Verify the calculations and enter. No. 22S.— Write a 30-day note favor J. J. Disosway & Co. for $1000, payable at City Bank to apply on account, and make the usual entry. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 83 April 2G, 189-. No. 229. — To apply on account. Make the usual entry. No. 230. — In payment of note due to-day. Endorse the note properly and phice in Voucliers for Others. April 27, 189-. No. 231. — Make out one bill for this order. Charge liim with the firm's merchandise in the Sales Book. For the merchandise belonging to the consignment, debit lum in the Journal and credit the consignment (No. 2). JIake out the shipping recei})ts and have the freight agent receijit for same. Enclose tiie original with the bill in a projierly addressed €nvelo])e. No. 232. — Verify and euter. This method of billing is in use in many business houses. April 28, ISO- No. 233. — Make out an invoice of shipment for the goods asked for in this letter, as they have been sent, but do not niake any extensions on same. Enter in the Sales Book, prefixing the title "Shipt.," and make the proper extensions at the current cost as shown by the March Inventory. Prepay the freight amounting to $17.04 by check. Make out the shipping receipts and have the freight agent receipt for same. Enclose the invoice of ship- ment and the original shipping receipt in a properly addressed envelope. April 20, 189-. No. 231. — Bender an account sales to Emmons, Hawkins & Co. for Const. No. 2, but do not send them the proceeds, as you have not received pay from A. J. Gouley, to whom you sold the goods. In the Journal charge (debit) the consignment with the commission and net proceeds, and credit Commission for the commission, and Emmons, Hawkins »& Co., Principals, for the net proceeds. The word Principal is affixed to their firm name to indi- cate that the firm of C. W. Hammond & Co. is bound to them in trust, instead of owing them a simjile debt. Write a letter explaining that the proceeds have been placed to their credit and that you will forward same as soon as the goods are paid for by the party to whom you sold them. Enclose the letter with the account sales in a properly addressed envelope. No. 235. — Note due to-day is jiaid by the City Bank out of the firm's deposit. Make the proper records on the stub of the Check Book and in the Cash Book. If in doubt, refer to a previous entry similar to this one. April 30, 189-. No. 236.— Bill and enter. No. 237.— Pay by check. No. 238. — Pay yourself, Mr. Hammond and Mi-. Winter each $150 by check for private use. No. 239. — Calculate the interest on your investment for 30 days — the time it was invested; also on Mr. Hammond's and Mr. Winter's. Add the three interests and divide the amount by three to find the average. Observe that Mr. Winter's interest is as much below the average as yours and Mr. Hammond's combined are above. It will be readily seen that Mr. Winter is indebted to you and Mr. Hammond for the amount that his interest is less than the average. Therefore you will debit him in the Journal for that amount and credit your- self and Mr. Hammond for the amounts above the average. Be sure to write an appropriate explanation of this entry. 84 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. No. *-i40. — Deposit all cash on hand. Leave your Pass Book at bank to be written up. Fiftt'eiith Report. Make a report and hand all cash and vouchers for others to the teacher. Have your bookkeeping work examined and approved, after which copy into yonr regular books. Prove the cash, then balance and rule the Cash Book. Posting. Open the following accounts: Shipt. E. Spencer, St. Louis, Mo., on page 8; Shipt. Bower & Moore, Chicago, 111., on the 14th line of page 8; Miller, Lippincott & Co., 134 S. Front St., City, on the 29th line of page 22; Emmons, Hawkins & Co.'s Const. No. 2, Omaha, Neb., on page 23, and Emmons, Hawkins & Co., Princii)als, Omaha, Neb., on the 14th line of the same page. Post in the order previously indicated. Post the last entry on each side of the Cash Book to the Note Ledger in the columns ruled for that purpose, as no account of either Jiills Receivable or Bills Payalde is kept in the regular Ledger. Do not fail to post the totals of the Jlerchandise Discount columns in the Cash Book to the proper account in the Ledger. Post the total jiurchases and sales for the month to the Merchandise account. StattMiients. JIaku out statements as previously instructed and have them approved. Trial lialiiilCC. — Take a trial balance and have it approved. Be sure to include the cash on hand, tlic notes on hand, and the firm's notes outstanding. Inventories and Balance Sheet. Make the extensions on the Inventory of Merchan- dise and other projicrty (No. 240«) as furnished you by Mr. Winter and have it approved. Copy same into your Journal. Make an Inventory of Resources and Liabilities and have it apjiroved. Make a Balance Sheet. Have it approved and close the accounts sliowing losses and gains. Present all books and your vouchers on file for inspection and approval. QCESTION'S. What is Real Estate? What instrument is iiecessary to transfer Real Estate? Why is Real Estate not kept under the Mdse. account? Why is a sci)arate account kept for Stock purchased instead of including it in Mdse? What is the object in allowing a discount on bills paid witliin a certain time? What advantage is there in discounting your note at bank? What is the object in keejiing the Sales Book? The Invoice Book? What is a cer- tificate of deposit? Why is the Pass Book more frequently used by banks in giving credit to depositors for their deposits than the certificate of dci)Osit? AVhat is a consignment? To whom is a consignment known as a sliipment? What is the object in shipping goods to a Commission ilercliant in another city to be sold? What is an Invoice of Shipment? What is the difference in use between an Invoice of Shipment and an ordinary bill? What is an Account Sales? On what is the commission always reckoned? What is meant by the Net Proceeds? Arc tlie net proceeds always remitted to the consignor when the account sales is rendered? Why is it not necessary to make an entrj' when we receive goods to be sold on commission for other parties? What is the object in keeping a Note Ledger or Bill Book? When is it customary to allow partners interest on their investments and charge them interest on their withdrawals? Give a good reason for filing all the vouchers received by the business. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 85 The Business of C. W. Hammond & Co. Dissolved. May 1, 189-. Dissolution of Partnership. You will now assume that a fire has destroyed the entire business block of which 122-1"^-1: Main Street is a part. Your stock of merchandise and all the fixtures, except the fire proof safe and its contents, have been consumed. Owing, either to negligence or imprudence, you and your partners failed to carry insurance on your property, and consequently will have to bear the loss. Mr. Hammond has been offered the management of the City Grocery Company at a good salary and has decided to discontinue business. The Tropical Fruit Company have made Mr. Winter a very flattering offer to go to South America as their purchasing agent. Glad to avail himself of the opportunity to travel, lie has decided to accept, if you and Mr. Ham- mond will agi'ee to discontinue the business or purchase his interest. J. D. Creager, doing business as a retail grocer at 228 Walnut St.. is desirous of increasing his business; with that end in view he makes you a proposition to take you into partnership and open a larger and better store at 620-623 Broadway. Yovi and your parttiers meet and confer. They ])ropose that as you are thinking of con- tinuing as a merchant, you would better attend to the closing up of the late business. Mr. Hammond proposes to accept as his share of the remaining assets the real estate, valued at ^3250, and the 25 shares of Worcester Coal Co. stock, valued at $2625, making a total of $5875. Mr. Winter agrees to take as his share of the assets the two notes drawn by A. J. Gouley, for $1000 and S2152.08, respectively. You are to receive the remainder of the assets and assume all the liabilities. Ascertain from the Ajiril Balance Sheet the amount of your share of the assets, provided you accept their proposition. You will observe that your share of the remaining assets after the liabilities have been discharged will be greater in ])ro]iortion to the investments than either Mr. Hammond's or Mr. Winter's; but you are to consider that you will be put to the trouble of closing up the business, and should you fail to collect all or part of any of the accounts you will be the loser. You decide to form the partnership with J. D. Creager. You, also, agree to the terms proposed by Mr. Winter and Mr. Hammond. Endorse the A. J. Gouley notes over to Frank Winter, by a full endorsement, i. e., write "Pay to the order of Frank Winter, C. W. Hammond & Co., per ??°"T..P?™<'' ," and ])lace them in Vouchers for Others. Transfer the Worcester Coal Co. Stock to Mr. Hammond by assignment; i. e., fill out the blank form of assignment on the back of the certificate, complying with all the requirements. Write up a quit-claim deed, quit-claiming your and Mr. Winter's interests in the real estate to Mr. Hammond. {See form 3 in /he appendix.) Make a copy and submit your work for approval before copying on the form provided in your supplies. Get your teacher to sign for Frank Winter. Place all papers in Vouchers for Others. Prepare an Inventory of the Kesources and Liabilities, which you are to submit to your future partner, Mr. Creager Have it approved. Prepare a bill of sale in which C. W. Hammond and Frank Winter transfer to you your share of the effects as scheduled m the Inventory of Kesources and Liabilities you have just prepared. {See form 4- in ihe appetulix.) Have it approved before copying on the form furnished you in your sujjplies. Your teacher will sign for your partners. Place it on the Voucher File. Endorse the notes drawn by Harry Powell and Frey & Thomas, making them jjayable to your order. Write a check payable to your order for the amount of cash on hand but do not detach it. 86 OFFICK ROUTINK AND UOOKKEEPING. Closiiis: Act'Oiiiits Sliowiiiir Losses iiud G.iiiis. Turn to your Ledger and close the accounts {.Mircliiiiuiisf, Fiiriiiturc I'i Fixturis and Jiual Estate) affected by tlie fire into Loss & Ciuin account. There are no inventories of Furniture cS; Fixtures and Jlerchandise, as everytliing belonging to tliese accounts has been destroyed; the inventory of Real Estate is Closiiiir Partners* Aecouiits. Close the Inventories of Real Estate and Worcester Coal Co. Stock into ilr. Hammond's account, making use of red ink and explanations, as you do when closing an account into Loss & Gain account. Xext, on tlie debit side of his account, write " Loss" and the amount reijuired to balance his account. Rule his account and transfer tliis l)alance to the credit of Loss & Gain account. Xext transfer the A. J. Gouley notes from the Bills Receivable account in the Xote Ledger to the debit of Frank Winter's account. A\'rite in the N'otc Ledger opposite the respective notes in red ink, "Frank Winter, 1," and the amount. Transfer the total to the debit of Frank Winter's account, writing "A. J. Gouley notes" and the amount. Transfer the balance of his account to the Loss & Gain account. Tiie remaining part of the Loss, as shown by the Loss & Gain account, you will now close into your account, which is the amount you have lost. Bring down the balance of }our account, which should be equal to your part of the Resources less the Liabilities, as shown by the Inventory of Resources & Liabilities which you have prepared. Notiee of Dissolution. Your relations with C. W. Hammond and Frank Winter as partners arc now at an end, and the law is that neither of you may by any act bind the late firm as to any new transaction, Init this presupposes that the person with whom the trans- action occurs knows of the dissolution. It follows, therefore, that notice of the dissolution should be given. It is customary to mail a circular notice to all persons with whom the firm had any dealings, and also to insert a notice of dissolution in the advertising columns of one of the local newspa])crs so as to inform the general jmblic, although it is not necessary to give notice of the dissolution to those who have had no dealings with the firm. The following is a convenient form for giving notice of the dissolution, and may be sent to the persons with whom (he firm has been doing business, or it may be published in the paper, or both. X^OTICE OF DiSSOLfTION. Notice is hereby given that the cojtartnership heretofore existing under the firm name of C. W. Hammond & Co., at .P??r?. _, and all liabilities should be presented to him for payment. Dated f.y.9.".r..?''^99\ , May 1, 189-. C. W. Hammoxd. (Your name.) Frank Wintee. Prepare a notice similar to the above but do not sign for your partners. Present it with jour books for inspection. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 87 RETAIL GROCERY BUSINESS. MoxDAY, May 10, ISO-. The New Firm. It is agreed between Mr. Creagcr and yourself that the firm name under which you arc to do business shall be ./. D. Cretujer £ Co. Each partner is to invest his entire Eesources, and the Liabilities of each are to be paid by the firm. All losses or worthless resources are to be charged to the partner investing same. Botli partners are to share gains, losses and assets equally, and each partner is entitled to draw $35 per week for private use. Mr. Creagcr will make all purchases, sell to customers who buy for cash, and* make all deposits for the firm. You are to keep t-he books and sell to persons who buy on account. Mr. Creager is to be credited for Good Will for an amount sufficient to make his capital equal to yours. By Good Will is meant the good name, the trade, the acquaintance and the standing which J. D. Creager's business at 228 Walnut Street has acquired. The good will of some business concerns is their most valuable resource. No. 241. — By this bill of sale Mr. Creager sells the entire effects of his late business at 228 Walnut Street to the firm of J. D. Creager & Co. Read it carefully, then draw up one transferring your share of the effects of the late business, 122-124 Main Street, to the firm of J. D. Creager & Co. Have your bill of sale approved. After folding it properly, brief both documents, i. e., fill out the blanks on the back of same. Place them on the Voucher File. Carefully read form 5 of partnership agreement given in the appendix, then draw up a partnership agreement between Mr. Creager and yourself, observing every detail as given in the form. Have your Partnership Agreement approved, then brief it and file on the Voucher File. Take Mr. Creager's bill of sale from the Voucher File and make the jsroper records for his investment in the books as explained in the following: Openiug Entries. In the Cash Book credit J. D. Creager for the amount of cash invested. (Sce/onn of Cash Bool; pages SS and S9.) In the Note Ledger, on the Bills Receiv- able side, on page 2, credit him in the " Drawer & Endorser" columiv for the note he invests. Credit him for the remainder of his resources and for Good Will in the Journal as illustrated below. You are to determine the amount of Good Will by subtracting his Net Capital from your Net Capital. Debit him for his liabilities as illustrated. May 10, 189-. J. D. Creager and -. May, 10 1 2 3 4 5 11 6 7 8 9 NAME OK I'l :H( llASIiH. Mrs. Paul Frey, .Mrs. Simon Hart, N. A. Eckler, Wavcrly llotd, DeiiQLlt's Lunch Hooms, Mrs. G. Brenner, Mrs. Simon Hart, U. II. Lord, Mrs. Paul Frey, AMOUNT OF DAII-Y ■iM KS. •2m Broiidwav, 114 Walnut Si., 06 Marshall St., 71 h A Walnut, 9th ct Chestnut, 1216 8th St., 53 Manhattan St. 2 05 5 40 2 60 26 50 7 40 2 40 1 75 1 55 1 30 43 95 00 Sales Tickets. 1'hc Sales Tickets used in business are printed in duplicate (sometimes in trij)licate) and are usually bound in book form. By the use of carbon jiaper two or more copies are jiroducod at one writing. The orii/hial is sent to the bookkeepers desk to be charged, while the duplicate is delivered with the goods to the purchaser. After the Sales Tickets for the day have been entered in the Abstract Sales Book or on the Abstract Sales Sheet they are filed in numerical order so that reference to them can be readilv made. Various ai>i)lianees arc used in business houses for filing sales tickets and other papers of a like nature. Tlic fdllowiiig are forms of the original -and duplicate forms of Sales Tickets. ■•iMTinto 11 Am.'unI R/./r.fJ _ J. D. CREAQER & CO. .4^z<^ai^ •^^ J. D. CREAGER & CO. Namt ' r^-'-f ^^•^v.r^—r .^ -^ ' JL^ OltltilNAI.. ITIM-ICATE. In the larger retail Iiouscs the salesmen are designated !)}• nunilur. The salesman's number in the above ciuse is 2. In this business Mr. Creager will be designated as salesman number 1 and you as salesman number 2. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 91 Cash Tickets. .For cash sales. Cash Tickets are used. While tney differ in nse they are identical in form to the Sales Tickets, and are also printed in duplicate or trijilicate. The original is sent to the casliier's desk with the cash received, and the duplicate is enclosed with the purcliase. Tlie cashier makes an abstract on an Abstract Casli Sheet of tlie differ- ent Cash Tickets for the day, the total of which must agree with the actual amount of cash received from Cash Sales. The cashier reports daily to tlie bookkeeper the amount of cash received, and the result is veritied by him or by some other person by checking tlie Cash Tickets with tlie Abstract Cash Sheet and .proving the addition. In this business ilr. Creager will verify the cashier's results. The method of filing the Cash Tickets is similar to that of filing the Sales Tickets. Following are tlie forms of original and duplicate Casli Tickets. J. D. CREAGER & CO. lecMTiFieo ev y//a^,yr 1S9- Amount Rutivtd r,^fi-zt^ CZZ-'C--e'-i.{^-7-' ■^f J. D. CREAGER & CO. Amount Rtttivfd ■^f DUPLICATE. Advantages of tlie Ticket System. The Ticket System which you are to use in. this business is the one in use in the more jirogressive retail houses; especially is this true in dry goods establishments and department stores. It is a labor saving method, as the Tickets take the place of the Order Book, Customers' Ledger and Pass Book. Besides, Pass Books are an inconvenience, both to customers and merchants; but when they are not used the customers have no way of checking the articles purchased at the time of delivery, unless the Ticket System be used. Other Books Soiuetiines Used. In some retail houses the Order Book, Accounts Payable Book, Petty or Customers' Ledger and Main Ledger are kept. Other books, as Petty. Cash Book, Receiving Book, Clerks' Sales Record, Department Sales Book, Department Sales Ledger, Abstract Books, etc., are also kept in tlie larger retail houses. Order Book. The Order Book used in most retail liouses is a cheap, coarse book, made usually with a page twelve inches long and five inches wide, and lies upon the counter during business hours. Goods to be delivered, that are paid for when ordered, are entered regularly in the Order Book, and the word " Paid" is written across the order, but the amount is not extended into the outside column. If not jiaid for, tlie amount is extended into the outside 92 oniCIC ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. column, and the items are entered in tlic purchaser's account in the Customers' Ledger at the close of the day's business, or at sucli other times as it may be convenient to post from this book. At the close of the day's business, or at the end of the month, the outside money column of the Order Book is footed, and the footing, which represents the credit sales of Mdse. for that period, is jiostod to the credit of Mdse. (See form of Order Book below.) Some retail houses have two sets of Order Books. One set for use on Mondays, Wednes- days and Fridays, and tlie other for use on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. AVhon this is done, the books used in the store on one day are examined, checked and posted in the office on the next. Order Book. Mav 2, 1S9-. 1.. 1 . It) 20 V Mrs. I'mil Frcy, on ";i; 1 Imi; Flour, 15 Kio Coflee, i$ Oolong Tea, Mrs. Simon Hart, cash, 2 bugs Flour, 1 1)U. Apples, 1 Siigiir Cured Ham, ICJ, T. W. Dryden, on % 1 bu. Poiatocs, 1 (io7,. Florida Oranges, ]; Kio CofTt-e, 1 Ijiig Flour, 3 R. L. Long, cash, 25 Butter, 1 bag Salt, 2 bags Flour, 60(i 1.50 1.50 1 1 50 80 25 2 2 05 Ay 3 1 •■iO 84 5 1 34 35 40 80 50 55 3 50 05, 1 3 55 Customers' Ledjicr. The Potty or Customers' Ledger is, generally, a mcdiujn sized book, ruled like the ordinary Journal, and contains accounts with customers only. The purcliases and payments of customers are entered in detail in this book, the former from the Order Book or Sales Tickets, the latter from the Cash Book. From a Ledger kept in this way an itemized statement of a customer's account can easily be made at any time. Such statements arc rendered monthly in most retail houses where the ticket system is not used. (Sec form of Cus/omcrs' Ledger, page 03.) It will be observed that the left-hand monc}' column is used for debit amounts, and the right-hand money column for credit amounts. The items are short-extended until the line is filled, when the sum of the items on that line is entered in the money column. Two or more dates may be entered on one line, thereby economizing space. As a iiart of the accounts of the business are kept in the Customers' Ledger, the balance of these accounts must be carried to the Trial Balance when balancing the books. Instead of keeping a separate Ledger for customer's accounts, it is customary in the smaller retail houses to set aside a jiort ion of the regular ledger for customers' accounts or personal accounts receivable as explained at the foot of jjage 88. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 93 Customers' Ledger. Mrs. E. K. Slioop, 2635 Columbia Ave., City. 180-. May 2 Mdse , per P. B., 2 28 5 201b. A. Sugar, »^ U lb. C. Fish, •"=; 2 lb. J. Coffee, ■»; 4 1b. Crackers, *<> ; 5 gal. K. Oil, ~^; 8 bu. Potatoes, 3*''; 2 3 01 55 fi Cash, 5 00 8 Mdse., per P. B., 2>»; (f)) Mdse., per P. B.. 3", 4 37 11 20 lb. G. Suear, l""^; 2 qt. Oysters, «"; 1 pUg. Pepper, "; 2 1b. J. Tea,"!'"; 1 Lemon ex., "; 5 1b. Butter, 1 = 6, 1 3 90 55 13 Cash, n 66 16 66 16 66 The Pass Book. It is customary for some retailers, who do uot use the Ticket System, especially those engaged ia the grocery or market business, to furnish each regular customer a pass book, which is usually pocket size, and ruled like the ordinarj' Day Book. {See form of Pass Book Mow.) The book is footed at the bottom of each page, and the footing carried forward until a payment is made, when it is deducted, and the lialance brought down. In case the credit items are numerous the Pass Book is kept similar to the Cash Book or Bank Pass Book; the debit items being jilaced on the left-hand page and the credit on the right-hand page. This method is usually employed when farm products are exchanged for groceries, etc. When an order is given at the store to be delivered, the pass book is usually left with the order, and when the goods are delivered the pass book is returned, with the proper charges entered in it. When the items are entered in the jiass book it is not necessary to post in detail in the Customers' Ledger; the date, amount, and explanation "per Pass Book" or "per P. B.," being sufficient. But orders are often received and charged in the absence of the pass book, when the items should, of course, be posted in detail in the Customers' Ledger; and the details would indicate "not on Pass Book.'' Then when the pass book is left at the store to be " written up," the bookkeeper cojiies from the Customers' Ledger only the detailed charges, and then tests the footing of the pass book with the footing of the account in the Ledger, which should agree. When pass books are used no bills are rendered for the month, as the pass book is a statement of account in itself. The Jiage of the customer's account in the Ledger is usually written in large figures on the cover of the pass book, together with the customer's name, which enables the bookkeeper to turn to the customer's account without consulting the index. Pass Book. 1 (Left hand pajre.) (Rigrht hand page.) 189-. May i lb. Java Coffee, i lb. G. P. Tea, 1 sack Flour, 20 lbs. A. Sugar, 4i lb. C. Fish, 2 lb. J. Coffee, 5 gal. K. Oil, 4 lb. Crackers, 8 bu. Potatoes, Forward, 18 50 60 95 36 70 75 40 40 84 May Forward, Cash, Balance, 2 Brooms, 4 bu. Apples, 1 lb. Raisins, 1 doz. Eggs, 1 cake Chocolate, 84 00 84 50 00 13 23 25 94 Ol'l-ICE ROUTINE AM) l;i K iK K l.l.l'l.NG. No. 343. — -Miss Emma Frej has been engaged as cashier and stenograjjher at a salary of $10 per Week. She lias given bond for the faithful performance of her duties, which meets with Mr. Creager's apjjroval, and which you will also approve. Read the bond carefully so as to become familiar with the form, then fold, brief and file it. Miss Frey is to have charge of the cash. She is to receive all currency and checks, pay out all currency, and render a statement of the cash received and paid out, to the bookkeeper at the close of each day's business. Xo. 244. — Read this lease (Xo. 244) carefully, then brief and file it. Pay the rent for one week in advance. Write the check and place it in Cash Paid Out. In this business do not enter checks issued until instructed at the close of the day's business. Nos. 24.5, 246, 247, 248. — Mr. Creager has received the goods called for by these bills. Go over the calculations and if found correct 0. K. the bills. Enter in the Invoice Book beginning on i)age 7. Mr. Creager has purchased 40 bu. Potatoes at 25(* and 30 bu. Apples at 40(? from John Payne for cash. Write a check in ])ayment of same. Write a check making it payable to Frank J. Brown in payment of 40 doz. Eggs at 15(4 and 50 lbs. Butter at 20^-. Pay J. J. Disosway & Co. by check the amount due them. Make out the Sales Tickets for tlic orders received that are to be charged on account. In business tiie salesman receives the orders and makes out the Sales Tickets. You will now perform the work of tiie salesman who sells ou account, and prepare the Sales Tickets for the sales on account for the day referring to the Model on page 90. Note. — The duplicate Sales Tickets are dispensed with as they are not necessary to illustrate the method of keeping the books. If they were used you would write the original in pencil placing a carbon sheet on ' the duplicate, then detach and place it in Vouchers for Others. Sales on Account.— (1.) Mrs. Paul Frey, 200 Broadway, 1 bag Flour, 1.50; 1 lb. Rio Coffee, 30^; i lb. Oolong Tea at 50^*. (2.) Mrs. Simon Ilart, 114 Walnut St., 1 bottle Lemon Extract, 25(#; 2 bags Flour at $1.50; 1 bu. Apples, 50(#; 1 Sugar Cured Ham, 16 lbs., at lli(i(. (3.) N. A. Eekler, G6 Marshall St., 1 bu. Potatoes, 35^; 1 doz. Oranges, 50^; i doz. Lemons at 40^; 1 lb. Java CoflFce, 35'/; 1 bag Flour, $1.50. (4.) AVaverly Hotel, 7th & Walnut Sts., 25 lbs. Butter at 22^^; 1 brl. Gran. Sugar, ii8.75; 20 lbs. 0. Tea at 29'/; 2 brls. Flour at $4.80; 10 doz. Eggs at 18^. (5.) Dennett's Lunch Rooms, 9th & Chestnut Sts., 12 lbs. Butter at 24^, 50 lbs. Sugar at 6i(J; 12 bottles Tomato Sauce at 15(*. Go over your Sales Tickets to see that you have omitted none of the details and that the extensions and calculations are correct. lluve you numbered the Sales consecutively as given above and placed your number (2) on each ticket? Enter tlie Sales in numerical order in the Abstract Sales Book, giving the date and number of the sale, the name and adilrcss of the party who made the purcliase and the amount of the purchase. (See iUKstration of Abstract Sales Book on page 90.) Extend the total to the ''Amount of Daily Sales" column. File the Sales Tickets in numerical oi"der in the receptacle furnished you for that purpose in your supplies. NoTi;. — Your partner is supposed to sell to customers who buy for cash. He makes a set of Cash Tickets for each sale, encloses the duplicate with eacli purchase and sends the original with the cash received to the Ca-shier's desk. The total amount of cash received from Cash Sales should at any time equal the total of the Cash Tickets. These tickets are kept on file in numerical order by the Cashier so that reference can be readily made to them. OFFICE ROUTINE AND HOOK KEEPING. 95 No. 240. — Cashier's Statement. Examine vouclier No. 240 carefully. See if the additions and subtraction are correct. Make the entries therefrom in the Cash Book as follows: 1. Credit Mdse. for the cash sales and place the amount in the Mdse. column. Short-extend this entry to indicate that it is not to be posted until the end of the week. {For similar entry, see illustration of Cash Book, pages 88 and 89.) 3. Credit Bills Rec. in the General Column for tlie amount received from Harry Powell as it is in payment of note due yesterday. {See Note Ledger.) 3. Credit J. D. Tuckey in the General column for the amount received. 4. Debit Expense for the amount paid for insuring the stock of mer- chandise, also for postage and place the amounts in the Exjsense column. 5. Debit Mdse. for the baker's bill and place the amount in the Mdse. column. Have you short-extended each of the entries on the credit side to indicate that they are not to be posted? File the " statement on the Voucher File. From the stub of the Check Book make entries for all checks issued to-day. Be sure to place the amounts in the i)roper columns and short-extend each entry the amount of which is to be placed in one of the Special columns. Prove cash to see that the balance as shown by the Cash Book agrees with the actual amount on hand, i. e., in bank, and in safe as shown by the cashier's statement. If found to agree, present your Sales Book, Sales Tickets and Cash Book for inspection. Post the books. Do not post any items- that appear in either of the Mdse. or Expense columns. Check over the posting. Tuesday, May 11, 189-. Nos. 250 and 251. — Verify the calculations and additions of these bills. Paste them into the Invoice Book. Pay note due to-day by check. {See Note Ledger.) Take the check to the teacher and receive the note properly cancelled. Pay Curry, Tunis & Norwood the amount due them. Make out Sales Tickets for the following: Sales on Account.— (6.) Mrs. G. Brenner, 1216 8th St., 1 can Corn, 15!?; 3 doz. Eggs at 17*^; 3 lbs. Sugar at 6|f/-; 1 bottle Salad Dressing, 30fS; 1 bu. Potatoes, 40(^. (7.) Mrs. Simon Hart, 1 lb. Grenoble Walnuts, 30^'; 1 lb. Cheese, 22^'; 2 lbs. Dried Beef at 28^. (8.) E. H. Lord, 53 Manhattan St., 2 lbs. Java Coffee at 35?^; IJ lbs. Butter at 25j^'; 5 lbs. D. Peaches at 18^-; 1 bag Salt, 60. (9.) Mrs. Paul Frey, 2* lbs. Butter at 255*; 1 bag Salt, 6(«; 2 lbs. Mixed Candy at 12^(iS; 3 gal. K. Oil at 11'/. (10.) Mrs. E. C. Mills, 55 Chestnut St., 3 bu. Potatoes at 40^; 1 Broom, 30'/; 1 gal. Vinegar, lO^'; 3 dox. Eggs at llVf. (11.) AVaverly Hotel, 1 crate Eggs, 30 doz. at 16(#; 1 box Oranges, §3.95; 1 brl. Salt, $3.00. (12.) Mrs. S. Eichert, 711 16th St., 1 brl. Flour, $4.85; h lb. Baking Powder at 50'/. Verify your work. Enter the Sales Tickets in the Abstract Sales Book in numerical order, then file them numerically with the Sales Tickets of yesterdaj'. No. 252. — Verify the additions and substraction of this statement and make the entries in the Cash Book referring to previous instructions. Add the deposit to the balance in bank. File the statement on the Voucher File. Enter the checks issued to-day from the stub of the Check Book. Prove cash. If found to agree present the Casli Book, Sales Book and Sales Tickets for inspection. Post the books. Check over the posting. 96 office routine and bookkeeping. Wednesday, May 12, 189-. Nos. 253 and 254. — Verify tlie calculations and 0. K. these bills if found correct. Enter in the iirojicr honk. Pay one-half of Invoice No. 245 by check. Pri'iiarc Sales Tickets for the following: Sales oil Act'Oiint. — (13.) Mrs. Philip Zoercher, 561 8th St., 1 cake Toilet Soap, 15{4; 2 loaves Bread at b : - i ./.. Eggs at 18{«; 1 bottle Vanilla Extract, 25'/; 1 can Baking Powder, 20'/. (*1.) J. D. Tuckey, 2 loaves Bread at 10j#; 3 lbs. Coffee at 32^; 4 lbs. Dried Peaches at 18^; 1 lb. Figs, 15^. (42.) R. 11. Lord, 3 heads Lettuce at 4^; 1 can Salmon, 20^; 1 Lamp Chimney, 8^; 2 loaves Bread at 8^. (43.) Mrs. E. C. Mills, 2 loaves Bread at 8^: 1 lb. Y. H. Tea, 555#; 1 basket Fancy Fruits, $L25; 2 lbs. Dates at 7- 111 223 21 15 00 10 15 10 5 90 ' 3247 40 80 May 81 1 2281 by referring to the account in tlie Shiimient Ledger at the time tlie remittance for tlie jiroceeds is received. These columns arc not to be considered when proving cash, as they contain journal entries and are })laced in the Cash Book merely for convenience. At tlie time of closing tlie Casli BooL the difference between the Gain and Loss columns is posted to the Shipment account and also to the Loss & Gain account in tlie JIain Ledger. {Sec illustra- tion of Ca^h Book.) The Coiisignmetits column on the credit side receives all amounts paid out on account of consignments. The total of this column is posted to the debit of the Cousignmcnt account in the jMain Ledger at the time of closing the Cash Book. All amounts appearing in this column are *lso entered in the proper accounts in the Consignment Ledger. The Discount column on the credit side receives tlie discounts allowed to the business by others. The total of tliis column is jiosted to the credit of Merchandise Discounts account at the time of closing the Cash Book. {See illustrafion of Cush Jionl- on jmpes 10^ and 105.) Shipnu'iit Li'dsjer. Instead of using both a shipment book and a shipment ledger, the two are combined by using an itemized Shipment Ledger provided with a special merchan- dise column. {See illustralion of Shipment Ledger, page 105.) When a shipment is made, the date of the shipment, the name and address of the consignee, the name of the transpor- tation company, a description of the articles shipped and their valuation (usually current cost price) are entered in this book, and the amount extended to the merchandise column and akso to the debit ledger column. If charges are paid on a shipment they are entered in tiic Cash Book and ])osted from it to this book. When an account of sales and a remittance for the proceeds are received, the amount of the proceeds and the net gain or net loss arc entered in the Ciish Book and from it jiostcd to the Shipment Ledger. An account of sales not accom- panied by a remittance for the proceeds is treated as a nieinoiandtim until the remittance is received. At the time of taking a trial balance the total of the Merchandise column is posted to the debit of Shipment account and also to the credit of Merchandise account in the Main OFFICE RtJUTlNE AND BOOKKEEPING. 105 Cash. 1 SHIP- CONSIGN- DATE. L. F. N.\ME AND EXPLANATION. disc'ts. GBNEUAL, MENTS. MENTS. May 25 26 27 29 Shipt. J. C. Dodson, Expense, Freiiiht, T. P. McMenamim, Shipt. H.J. Pierrard, H. S. Weet, Const. II. Bader, Shipt. Jno. Malone, Shipt. J. A. Luman, Const. G. \V. Dodson Expense, Wm. Becker, Const. J. F. Brown, Jno. P. Batson, Consignments, freight, rent, in full less 2%, freight, private use, net proceeds, freight, net proceeds, cleaning store, in full less 2%, net proceeds, in full less 3^, charges paid. 3 1 3 60 60 00 17 147 50 4 78 116 I 50 i 50 40 40 2 4 2 50 60 25 70 174 182 92 22 80 65 75 40 Shipt. Vincent Smith Consignments, Dr., freight, 473 60 3 15 472 60 Shipments, Dr., ( hank. 2S75.00 19 20 19 20 31 Balance, Mdse. Discts., Cr., '{ mfe, 6.80 S2S1 SO 8 20 3247 40 Ledger. Shipment accoitnt in the Main Ledger represents the Shipment Ledger and should prove an abstract of it. All accounts in the Shipment Ledger should be indexed immedi- ately after they have been opened and checked in the column ruled for the purpose to show that they are indexed. At the end of the month this column is also used as a folio column for Shipment and Merchandise accounts in the Main Ledger. {See iUii.^traliini of Shipment Ledger below.) Shipment Ledger. Index, May 34, 189—. Ledger Accounts. Check & Folio. Debits. Credits. Folio A: EXPLA'N. C 6 C 8 Gain DATE. V Frank J. Bower, Tipton, Ind- 100 bn. Potatoes, 22j^, 22. 50 lirls. Apples, 1.50, 75. Union Line. 25 Edwin Dalton, Newark, N. J. 40 boxes Oranges, 4 00 Merchants Dispatch. 26 C. F. Alcott, Auburn, N. Y. 200 bu. Potatoes, 22(#, 44. 40 boxes Lemons, 3.00, 120. Big Four Route. Shipments Dr. Total. ) Mdse. Cr. " ) 97 160 164 97 2 3 50 102 102 50 50 189-. May 24 27 102 50 V 160 V 164 6 40 168 1 170 50 90 40 C 7 C 8 Loss May 27 28 3 6 421 170 40 Ledgers. In addition to the foregoing labor-saving forms which arc common to the commission business, the method of using more than one ledger is presented, a feature that may be used to advantage in any kind of business where a division of labor is necessary. lotj Ol KICE KOLTINE AM) bOOKKKEPIXG. Tlirc'o ledgers will be xiseil: ^laiii Ledger, Shipnieiit Ledger and C onsigiiineiit Ijcdger. The Shipuient and Consignment Ledgers have already been explained. 'Die Main Ledger receives all accounts which do not classify in the Shipment and Consignment Ledgers, and in addition acconnts with those ledgers are kept, a Consignment account representing the Consignment Ledger and a Siiipment account rei)resenting the Shipment Ledger. You will observe by consulting the books of original entry (Sales Book, Cash Book, Shii)nient Ledger and Impression Account Sales Book) that special columns are provided to receive all items that are to be posted to either the Shijiment Ledger or Consignment Ledger, and that the totals of these columns are jiosted to the Shipment and Consignment accounts in the Main Ledger. This being the case it is apparent that tlie balances of these accounts should equal the sum of the net debit or credit balances of the Ledgers they re))rcsent. Main Lcdircr. The ruling of the Main Ledger differs from the form presented in the jire- ceding work. {tScc illustration below.) Some of the advantages of this form are: The money columns are brought together in the center of the page, making it easier to compare debit and credit amounts tlian when the credit column ajipeurs at the right-hand edge of the page. But one ruling is required when an account balances, whereas two or three are required by the other method. The explanation columns, which are used very little, are next to the edges of the luige, wliero it is often very diflicult to write in a large book. ESMAHATION COLOUN 'F- ^ -0f^ ^/^ POUO DOIXARS o- c ^^-? / /^ ^^'-^y ■6 /^ 7J. 6-i^ r^ ^^ i^ DOLLAMS POUIO DaTB y/^ /i- ^^a. a^ ^ Lcttei' liouk. The letter book is a book made of fine tissue paper similar to the Impression Account Sales Book, in w-hich an impression should be taken of every letter^ before it is mailed. Great care should be exercised in taking imj)ressions, as the making of good coj)ies with the letter press can be learned only by careful practice. In some lines of business, like railroading, ten or more copies are often required of certain documents, all of which are made with one impression of the letter press. To be able to make this number of copies successfully requires considerable .>;kill. Every letter as soon as it is co])ied should be indexed and checked to show that it is indexed. (iiioiit liCMl^nt'i". Tlie Sliipuieiit Ledger is iisnally of the ordinary form of Ledger. Market Quotations. In this business the transactions for but one day of each week will b(^ given. The following market quotations are to be used for all sales. Shipments are not to be entered at the selling i)rice, but at ciirnmf cost which will be specified in each case. June. .M VKKKT tiliOTATlONS. Cabbage, per crate Clams, per box, Cucumbers, per crate... Lemons, per bo.x Melons, each Onions, per crate Oranges, per bo.\ Oysters, per box Pineapples, per doz. , Potatoes, per bu. , Sweet Potatoes, per brl Tomatoes, per crate, . . . 1.5 22 29 3 50 3 20 3 10 3 10 1 20 1 20 1 25 1 20 1 .50 1 45 1 50 1 40 •■> 00 5 00 5 00 4 90 25 23 20 20 1 75 1 70 1 70 1 65 li 00 6 00 5 75 5 50 1 20 1 20 1 25 1 25 1 40 1 40 1 35 1 30 70 60 60 55 3 00 3 00 2 75 2 60 2 00 2 00 1 95 1 95 Account with Main Store. No investment will be made for the Commission Busi- ness. All bills for this business will be ])aid by the Main Store and all cash will bo received by it. As the Branch House keeps no bank account, no checks will be issued, but instead orders will be drawn on the Main Store for payments other than cash bills, which will be paid upon presentation, if 0. K., without an order. These orders will be cashed upon presenta- tion at the Main Store and charged to the Branch Store. When a remittance is to be made the order is drawn as usual and sent to the Main Store where a check will be drawn and sent in place of the order. The cashier will render a detailed statement each day, exhibiting the amount of cash received and paid out for account of Branch Store, from which the records will be made in the Cash Book. The Cash Book represents the account with the Main Store. The method of keeping this account is similar in every respect to the method of keeping the proprietor's account. The difTerence between the debit and credit sides of the Cash Book (excluding the amounts in the Loss and Gain and Merchandise Discounts columns) is either the amount the Branch Store owes the Main Store, or the net income of the Main Store from the Branch Store. At the time of closing the books the net gain or net loss should be carried to the Main Store account. The balance of this account should be carried to the trial balance whenever one is taken. NoTK. — This balance could be transferred to the JIain Ledger under the title Main Store and from there curried to the trial balance, but there can be no practical good resulting from this procedure, which only necessitates unnecessary labor. May 20, 1S9-. Preparatory to beginning business, you will order goods and request that they be con- signed to you to be sold on commission for account of the consignors, as directed in the following jiaragraphs. Be very careful in composing your letters. It will be well for you to make neat drafts of your letters and have them inspected by the teacher before copying 110 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. them on the letter lieads furnished in your supjilies. Have all letters ajinroved before taking impressions of thein in your letter book. Do not forget to index and check every letter as directed on pages 100 atul 108. Write a letter to The Harvey & Watts Co., Louisville, Ky., stating that you are about to begin a produce eoniuiission business and that you would be pleased to have them consign to yon, not later than the first of next month, at least 25 crates of good grade Onions, to be sold on their account and risk. Tell them that your charges for disposing of same will be ten per cent, of sales. Mention the fact that your concern is a branch of J. D. Creager & Co., and give your bank (Farmers & ilechauics) as reference. {Sec model illustrated iii Letter Book on paye 107. ) Order from Frank J. ^liller. New York City, 300 cans of Oysters and 600 cans of Clams on 60 days account, asking liim to name his best di.scount if jiaid within 30 days. Tell him that your business is a branch of J. D. Creager & Co. and refer liim to your bank and the leading mercantile agencies. Request that the goods be shipped in time to reach you liy the first of tlune. Write to Johnston & Brevillier, Chicago, 111., asking tliem to shij) to you, at the earliest possible date, 100 crates of nuirketablc Tomatoes, to be sold on their account and risk. Give as references such ])arties as you think best to give. After taking an impression of your letters insert them in neatly addressed envelopes. When you have your letter book ])roperly indexed, submit it for inspection and hand the letters to the teacher to be mailed. You will be obliged to transcribe your letters in pencil if you do not have the use of a letter press. MOND.W, .lUNE 1, 189-. Your teacher will now hand you the incoming vouchers if your work to this ])oint has been satisfactorily perfornuil. Jlr. Creager lias engaged -Mr. Wni. Brenner as salesman in the Branch Store and to assist in the JIain Store at a salary of %12 per week — each store to bear one-half of the expense. All bills and invoices of merchandise will be checked and 0. K.'d by him if found to agree with the merchandise received. The Branch Store is also to pay one-half of the cashier's salary. No. 259. — Examine this invoice of merchandise (sometimes called letter of advice) care- fully, lias the merchandise been received? Uow do you know? Refer to your letter book to see if this invoice agrees with your order. If so make a record of same on a receiving blank, referring to the illustration on page 100. Place the lot numbar in the upper right- hand corner as a folio num1)er. Paste this sheet, face ui)ward, to the inside of the title page of the Consignment Ledger, wiiicli you will find in your supplies. File the invoice. Index this account numrrinilhi and iil/ihdMiciill;/ in the index furnished m your supplies, leaving blank the columns heailed Account Sales Book. No. 200. — If this bill agrees with the goods received, turn to your letter book and ascer- tain if the terms arc the ones you rc(|uesled. N'erify the extensions and additions, tlien jiastc the bill in the Invoice Book. No. 2G1. — Proceed as instructed lor number 25'J. Be sure to place tjie correct lot num- ber in tlie ujiper right-hand corner. Ilave you indexed this account properly? No. 'Ht'i. — Bead this letter carefully. Note that Mr. Creager as credit man approves of this re(|uest; also, that Mr. Brenner has not filled the order. Y'ou arc glad to have the opportunity to make a shipment and, therefore, arrange to buy the quantity of apples desired, i OFFICE ROUTINE AND ISOOKKEEPING. Ill for cash, from Wm. F. Menner, at $1.25 jjer barrel. Write au order in liis favor for the amount. Make an entry in the Cash Book charging Merchandise and extend the amount to tlie General Column. Think, think, think before you make an entry in the Casli Book so that you will make a good, complete record, and jilace the amount in the proper column. By this entry you have credited the 3fain Store instead of Cash, because the Main Store supplies the cash to pay for the apples. Fill out an invoice of shipment (letter of advice) using one of the blanks in your package of supplies. On your invoice state that the goods have been shipped via the shortest route, you naming the actual route over which the goods would bo shipped in business. File the letter on the Voucher File. Note. — In business you would be required to pvepare shipping receipts as ynu were previously instructed. Shipping receipts will be dispensed with as you have had sufficient practice in filling them. Make an entry in the Shipment Ledger extending the amount into the Merchandise column and into the debit ledger column. Be sure to make this entry complete in every detail. {See iUustration of tShipment Ledger, piage 105.) Index the account and check it to show that it has been indexed. Place the shipping invoice in a properly addressed envelope. Place all documents in the Vouchers for Others receptacle. No. 263. — Examine this statement carefully. The item marked "order" is not to be entered, as it was entered when the order was given. {See No. 262.) For all other payments the cashier has received vouchers (receipts) which she will tile for reference. A cashier should preserve vouchers for money paid. Cliai'ge each consignment in the Consignment Ledger with the charges paid for its account: in the Cash Book enter the total amount as follows: '■' Cons't charges for day, 20.75," ))lacing the amount in tlie Consignment column. Think twice before making an entry, so that you will place the amount in the proper column. Review and study the illiistrated Cash Book if you exi)erience any difficulty. Foot the col- umns of the Cash Book in pencil to see if your balance agrees with the balance as exhibited by the Cashier's Statement. File the Statement on the Voucher File. Write to Ayrault's Produce Co., Baltimore, Md., requesting them to ship you 50 crates of Cucumbers to be sold on their account and risk; state that your facilities for disposing of same are exceptionally good, and that your total charges for commission, etc., will be ten per cent, of sales. Give such references as you deem most advantageous to your business. Write a letter to A. H. Mason & Co., Richmond, Va., and ask them to consign to you as soon as possible 250 Melons to be sold on their account and risk. Mention the fact that you have a ready market for Melons in your locality at present, and that your total charges for disposing of them will be ten per cent, of the sales. Give such references as you may think best. Order from the Quaker City Fruit Co., Philadelphia, Pa., 25 boxes of Oranges and 50 boxes of Lemons to be paid for on delivery. Give references and request them to send the goods with the utmost dispatch. Have your letters aj^proved and take an imjiression of them in your letter book. Place them in properly addressed envelopes. Do not forget to index your letter book. Posting. Preparatory to posting, index and open the accounts required, placing four accounts on a page in the Main Ledger. Group the accounts, beginning with the Property and Allowance accounts on page 1, Accounts Receivable on page 3 and Accounts Payable on page 6. Post and check your posting. Present your books for insjiection. Monday, Jink 8, ISO- No. 'ICA. — Examine carefulh', compare with your letter, then proceed as instructed for iiumlier 259. Have you written the lot number in the proper place? 112 Ol-KICE KUUTINE AND HOOKK hill M.. No. i(>5. — (/omiHin' witli vour letter: if correct, enter as usual. No. 2(}(). — Compare with your order, verify the calculations and enter in the iiroper book. Do not jiay the invoice before instructed to do so. No. 267. — Read this letter carefully. Does the credit man approve of complying witii ■this reipiest? Have the goods been shipjied? If so, make out the invoice of shipment and make the jirojjer detailed entry in the Shipment Ledger. The current cost prices of the goods are as follows: Oysters, 90^; Clams, $1.00; Oranges, $3.00; Lemons, $2.50. Write an order for $1 favor of tlie City Carting Co. for drayagc and charge it to the Shipment in the Cash Book. Place the order and the shipping invoice in the proper receptacle, first inserting the invoice of shijiment in a correctly addressed envelope. Sales for- tlic I)a.> . The salesman has made the following sales for which you will render bills and make the jjrojjcr entries in the Sales Book. Be very careful lest you make a mistake by entering amounts in the wrong columns. Place the bills in the projier receptacle. Note. — Written orders are dispensed with in this business as it is supposed that the orders have been given iu person or over 'he telephone l)y the purchasers. In business tliese orders would be entered in llie Order IJooli or on order sheets by the parly receiving the order. The credit man approves all time orders before the salesman is permitted to fill thein. Weet Bros., City, on accotmt, 1 box Lemons; 1 box Oninges; 1 crate Cucumbers (lot 3); 10 crates Tomatoes (lot 2): 2 crates Onions (lot 1). Use the market quotations for this date iu making the extensions. (See page 109.) Omit the lot numbers on the bill but be .t?/rp to enter them iu the Sales Book. Extend the sales from consignments to the Sales Column, and the sales from the firm's merchandise to the Merchandise column. Refer to tlie illustration of the Sales Book and the description of same when in doubt. T. P. McMenamiii, City, cash, 1 box Oranges; 1 box Lemons; 1 crate Onions (lot 1); 1 crate Tomatoes (lot 2). No bill is to be rendered for this or any other cash sale, as a receipted bill is supposed to have been given when jiayinent was received. Enter tlie total in the Cash column and make the extensions in the other columns as instructed above. Place a check mark in the folio column directly ojiposite the purchaser's name. Why? Earl & Rogers, City, on account, 10 crates Onions (lot 1); 1 box Oranges. Byrne & Collins, City, cash, 1 box Oranges; 3 crates Onions (lot 1). J. K. Williams, City, on, account, 10 crates Onions (lot 1); 5 crates Tomatoes (lot 2): 100 Melons (lot 4); 5 crates Cucumbers (lot 3). Write an order favor of tlie Quaker City Fruit Co. fur the amount of their bill. No. 208. — Make the entries from this statement as instructed for number 203. Be sure to enter the charges jiaid on consignments in the proper accounts in the Consignment Ledger, and enter the total in the Cash Book as j)reviously instructed. Check in the folio column opposite the Cash Sales entry. File the statement. Posting. First iiulex, then ojien accounts with ])ersoiis to whom sales on account have been nuide. Post from the Sales Book. Next post from the Sales Book to the Consignment Ledger all items belonging to consignments as indicated by lot numbers. Place a check mark to the left of each lot number to show that the amount has been carried to the Con- signment Ledger. Proceed as usual in posting from tlie Cash Book and Invoice Book. Post the charges on the shipment to the proper account iu the Shi])nient Ledger. Examine the indexes to make sure that you have nU aecount.s />ro/w/^ indexed. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPINO. 113 Write to T. & H. Smith & Co., Pekiii, 111., and give them an order for 35U bushels early Rose Potatoes at current market prices. Request that they bill the same to you on 30 days account, or allow a discount of 3 per cent, if paid within 15 days. Give such references and otlier information as yon may think desirable to give with a first order. Request that the potatoes be forwarded by freight over the most direct route, you naming- the actual route that would be employed in business. Write to The Harvey & Watts Co., Louisville, Ky., i-equesting them to consign to you 50 additional crates of Onions. No references are required. State that you expect to render an account sales for their first shipment and remit for the proceeded in a few days. Make your letter as brief as possible. Have your letters approved and take an inn)ression of them. Index yum- letter book. Present all books for insiiection. ilONDAV, JuxE 15, 18'.)-. No. '.i()i>. — * 'ompare with your order, verify the calculations and enter in the projier book. No. 270. — Enter as usual if found to lie correct. Exercise care so that you will omit none of the details. No. 271. — Read this letter carefully. If everything is found to be satisfactory, jirepare the necessary document and make the proper record. The current cost price of potatoes is 40^ per bushel. Write an order for $9.50 to prepay freight and drayage charges, and make the entry. Place all documents in the ]iroper recejitacle. As all the merchandise belonging to The Harvey & Watts Co.'s Consignment (No. 1) has been sold, yon will render them an account of sales. Calculate the commission at the agreed rate, ascertain the net proceeds and make the record for both in the account. Write an order for the amount of the proceeds, requesting that a bank draft be remitted in its stead. Remove the sheet containing the account by tearing on the ])erforated line, and take an impression of same in your Impression Account Sales Book. Extend the amount of the com- mission to the outer column. Index this ncconntnnmcrimUi/ and alphabetically in the same index used for the Consignment Ledger. Make the entry for the net proceeds in the Cash Book, extending the amount to the Consignment column. Write the folio number you have just placed in the index in the folio column of the Cash Book, opposite the entry just made to show where the account of which this entry is a part has been carried. Address an envelope to the consignors, place it, the account of sales and your order rinfolded in Vouchers for Others. The cashier will insert the account sales and the remittance after she has secured the bank draft called for by the order. Sales for the Day. The salesman has made the following sales. Render liills f(U- all sales on account and make the entries for all sales. Weet Bros., on account, 1 bos Oysters; 3 boxes Clams: 1 crate Onions (lot 5); 10 crates Tomatoes (lot 2); 50 melons (lot 4); 5 crates Cucumbers (lot 3). A. S. Longenecker, cash, 1 box Oranges; 3 boxes Lemons; 5 crates C'ucumbers (lot 3); 10 crates Tomatoes (lot 2). Earl & Rogers, on account, 50 Melons (lot 4); I box Lemons; 30 crates Tomatoes (lot 2); 10 crates Cucumbers (lot 3). Write an order favor Frank J. Miller for the amount of his bill less the discount allowed. Make the proper record of both the discount and the amount of the order in the Cash Book. No. 272. — Make the entries for all items on this statement that are not marked "order.' Have you compared your Cash Sales with the amount received from that source? 114 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. PostliiE:. Imlex, o)>cn accounts jiiid post as i)rcviously instructed. Check over your posting. Write a ifiU'r to F. i>. I{les (lot 8). Philip Smith, on account 10 doz. Pineapples (lot 8); 5 brls. Sweet Potatoes (lot C); 1 box Oranges; 1 box Lemons; 10 crates Onions (lot 5); 5 crates Tomatoes (lot 2). Isaac Van Winkle, on account, 1 box Lemons; 2 brls. Sweet Potatoes (lot 0); 5 crates Tomatoes (lot 2); 5 crates Onions (lot 5); 4 dozen Pineapples (lot 8); 5 bushels Potatoes. Herrmann Bros., cash, 5 dozen Pineapples (lot 8); 1 box Lemons; 3 brls. Sweet Potatoes (lot G); 1 box Oranges. Render an account of sales for consignment number 3. Calculate the commission, ascer- tain the proceeds and write an order for the amount of the proceeds, making it payable by bank draft. Prepare all the documents as instructed for consignment number 1 and do not fail to take an impression of the account of sales. Render an account of sales for consignment number 4, referring to instructions given for numbers 1 and 3. Render an account of sales for consignment number 7, following previous instructions. Don't fail to index every account in the Account Sales Book. No. 283. — Examine carefully and make the entries for all items not marked '"order." File on the Voucher File. Posting. Index and post all the books. Check over the posting. Present all books for inspection. Tuesday, Juxe 30, 189-. No. 284. — Examine very carefully. Ordinarily the entry for this document would be made in the Journal, debiting the parties who sent it and crediting merchandise. In the absence of a Journal the entry may bo made in the Sales Book because it is in effect the same as a sale; i. e., you sold them the shortage. This you will do by writing the name of the parties and the description appearing on the document in your Sales Book, extending the amount into the Merchandise column. Enter voucher number 279. 116 OFl-lLlC KOUTINE AND BOOKKEEl'ING. Foot till' ,rake an al)stract of the balances of the various accounts in the Consignment Ledger. See if the total of these balances equals the balance of the Consignment Account in the Main Ledger. Make an abstract of the accounts in tlio Shipmeut Ledger and j)rove it with the .Ship- ment account in the Main Ledger. Take a Trial Balance. Mr. Brenner makes a verbal report of the goods on hand, not belonging to consignments, which are as follows: Md.si;. — 1 box Oranges, ^3.00; 4 boxes Lemons at $2.50; 15 bu. Pota- toes at 40'/: !»i; brls. Apples at $1.10. FfRxiTCRE and FixTfUES (estimated) *r.JO. Com- mission. Earned on sales belonging to unclosed consigiiinents, 31.20. Make an Inventory of Resources and Liabilities and a Balance Sheet. Close all accounts that show losses or gains. Carry the Not Gain to the account with the Main Store in tlm Cash Book. Balance and rule the ^fain Store Account. Present all books for examination and a])pri)val. QuK.STiONS. — What is meant by a Branch House? What is meant by the term Credit ^lan? From what sources do credit men obtain their knowledge of customers? Describe- the commercial or mercantile agencies. How many kinds are there? Why is it neces.sary to know a jierson's moral as well as financial standing before giving him credit? Name some of the principal mercantile agencies. Pescribe the Loose Leaf Ledger. What advan- tage is there in using the Loose Leaf Method? Can it be used in other lines of business?' Explain how a consignment is entered when the Loose Leaf Method is used. When a binder is not used, by what means arc the accounts kept in order? Explain the tise of the Inij)res- sion Account of Sales Book. In wliat way is this a labor-saving book? Wliat advantage is there in a numerical index? Wherein does a Sales Book for the commission business differ from an ordinary Sales Book? Why are cash sales checked in both the Sales Book and the Cash Book? Explain the use of Lot Numbers. What advantage is there in nsing special columns in the Cash Book? Describe the Shiimient Ledger. What advantage do you see in combining the Shij)nient Book and the ordinary Shijiment Ledger? Explain the method of using more than one Ledger. Why are accounts with the subordinate Ledgers kept in the Main Ledger? Is it necessary to take a Trial Balance of all the Ledgers? What is nieant by an abstract of a Ledger? What is the object of a Letter Book? AVhat is the object of indexes to books of account and record? When should an account or record be indexed? Do you understand the use of the vowel index? What advantage is there in jiaging before posting? Explain the method of keeping an account with the Main Store. If you were keeping the l)ooks of the Main Store would you be able to keep the account with the Branch Store? What is a Memorandum of Credit? OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 117 DEPARTMENT STORE BUSINESS. To the Student. In your ])ruvious work you nuulu ull records from tlu' business documents received ;ind issued. In your subsequent work the use of vouchers will be dis- continued, as it is believed that the advanced student will derive valuable mental discipline in making records from a statement or history of the transactions, instead of from the docu- ments that vouch for and reiJreseut business transactions. In making records from a state- ment or history of the transactions the student should permit his imagination to supply the correct form of document for each transaction, if lie desires to do the work effectively and intelligently. The ability to add accurately and with facility will be found to be essential to performing the following work successfully. Plan of The Work. It is supposed that you will continue as manager of the Creager Commission Company .J. A. Luman, one of the jn-oprietors of the City Department Store, requests you to open the books for that business. This you agree to do after regular busi- ness hours. City Department Store. The City Department Store is to be conducted bv a part- nershij) to commence on this date (July 1). The members of the partnershij) have ])revi- ously been engaged in business for themselves in different jjarts of the city. They arc as follows: J. A. Luman, dealer in shoes, 937 Spruce street; H. T. Williams, dealer in gloves, 1710 Broad street; Thos. H. Betts, dealer in hats, 1848 Twelfth street; C. E. Evans, dealer in dress goods, 112 Washington street; Abraham Levy, dealer in clothing, 265 South street. Each of the ])artners invests the resources and good will of his business and the liabilities of each are to be paid by the partnership. {See pca/e 132.) As their investments are unequal in amount, each partner is to receive interest on his investment and is to be charged interest on all withdrawals for the time tliey are withdrawn. Note. — la business a partnersliip agreement stipulating the lights and privileges of the partners and the conditions under which the partnersliip was formed would be drawn up and five copies executed, so that each of the partners would have a copy. As you have had ample practice in drawing up partnership agreements, it will not be necessary for you to draw up one in this case. When partnership agreements are of a complicated nature it may be well to have them drawn up by a competent attorney, in order to guard against liligation in the future. Advaiitases of a Department Store. The advantages to be derived from merging several separate businesses into a. deiiartnient store are many. The advantages of a com- bined and increased capital are unquestioned in every line of business. Among the advan- tages that particularly jsertain to the department store business may be mentioned the saving in advertising, as a department store can be advertised for proportionately less money than it would require to advertise as many separate businesses as there are departments in the store. Department store advertisements, as a rule, are more effective than specialty store advertisements; this is so because they are more interesting to a greater number of people, on account of the number and variety of articles to be advertised. Customers or, visitors in one dejiartment are very apt to inspect and familiarize themselves with the goods! in other dej)artments; hence, each department assists in advertising every other department.' Subdivision of Merchandise Account. In this business the merchandise will be divided into five departments, as follows: Shoes, Gloves, Hats, Dress Goods, Clothing. A separate account will be kept with each department instead of including all the goods uniler the general title. Merchandise. As the store and counting room are both divided into departments the student will be obliged to exercise care,, so that he will not confuse the dcjiartments of the store with those lis OFFICE ROUTINE AND UOOKKEEl'ING. of tlic counting room. lie slionUl renieniluT tliat Shoe Department, Glove Department, Hat Department, Dress Goods Department, ami Cloiliint; De)iartment arc the departments of the store; the other departments mentioned in the following pages refer to the counting room work. Object of 'J'liis Kiisinoss. The object of this business is to familiarize the student with tlie ordinary routine, forms, books and methods of keeping them, that are similar to those used in the best modern department stores. To aecomi)lish this successfully the stu- dent will be called upon to do the work in each of the departments into which tiie counting room work is divided. One of the important things for the student to learn is the relation which one dejiartment, book or form sustains to the other departments, books or forms, as described in tlic fnlli.witirr paragraphs. Division ol' iiiihor. In the larger de]iarinK'nl stores tlie counting room work is divided into dei)artments. While the number of departments varies in different counting rooms, vet the relation they sustain to eacli otlier will be fully exemplified and explained in this business where the work is divided into five departments, viz.: General Bookkeejiing Department, Cash Department, Credit JIan's Department, Time Sales Department and Purchases Dci)artment. Other departments, sucli as Kebate Department, Goods Returned Dejiartment, Collection and Dunning Department, etc., may be created whenever occasion demands. When the work that comes under these heads is not sufficient to justify tlie creation of a department it is attended to by tlie General Bookkeeping Department. The Credit Man's Dejjartnient and the Collection and Dunning Departments are not, strictly speaking, counting room de])artments, but are here treated as such owing to tlieir intimate relation to counting room work. Since the work of these departments pertains largely to the financial management of llu' business they are usually in charge of members of the firm. (Jenerul IJookkiM'itini: Depart incut. The General Bookkeeping Department is in charge of llie general bookkeeper, or iiead bookkeeper, as he is sometimes called. He often has one or more assistants, the number depending u))on the volume of work to be done. In this department the private accounts of the firm arc kept, such as investment, property, and allowance accounts. In addition accounts with all the other counting room departments and also with the merchandise dejiartmeiits are kept so that synoptical or summary infor- mation of any part of the business may be obtaini'd by consulting the books in the General Bookkeejiing Department. To obtain detailed information of any department of counting room work it will be necessary to consult the books in that department. The books or accounts containing the detailed information should agree with tiie corresponding summary or synoptical accounts in the books of the General Bookkeei»ing Deiiartmcnt. In the counting rooms of some dejiartment stores the agreement of the books is verified daily, in others weekly, and in others monthly. Cash Department. This dejiartmenl is in charge of the cashier. When the volume of cash business is large several assistants are required. The duties of the cashier are briefly exjilained on jiages 01 and 94. The cashier makes an abstract report to the General Bookkeejiing Dejiartment daily; also, detailed rejiorts to all other dcjiartments for whose account cash has been received or jiaid out. These detailed reports are verified and com- jiared with the abstract rcjiort, in the General Bookkeeping Department, before they are handed to the other dejiartments. The forms used to keeji the accounts of the Cash Depart- ment, and the relation which this department sustains to other dcjiartments are explained and illustrated on jiages ViC, 127, 128 and 129. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 119 Credit Man's Department. Tlie credit man has charge of this departmeut. Assist- sints are often employed to attend to tlie minor details and do the clerical work of the department. The duties of the credit man are fully explained on i)age 99. The relation which the Credit Department sustains to other departments of the counting room is explained on page 123. Time Sales Department. The work in this dejiartment is divided alphabetically among as many bookkeepers as are necessary. In this business four Time Sales bookkeep- ers will be employed; the first will kcej) the accounts from A to G, the second from H to M, the third from Mc to R, and the fourth from S to Z. Frequently there are as many, or more, bookkeepers as there are letters in the alphabet; a large department store in one of our large cities has its Time Sales books divided alphabetically into one hundred and five divisions, each division being in charge of a separate bookkeeper. Some idea of the magni- tude of a great dejiartment store may be formed when it is stated that in the above men- tioned store only about one-seventh of all the sales are time sales. The documents from which the Time Sales bookkeepers make their records are all received from the General Bookkeeping Department, where they have been verified and compared with the abstract reports furnished by the other departments. The method of keeping the Time Sales accounts and the forms used are explained and illustrated on pages 122, 123, 124 and 12G. Purchases Department. The duty of the bookkeepers in this dejiartment is to verify the correctness of the invoices, keep a systematic account of them and see to it that they are promptly paid when due, or that they are discounted before the discount time expires. No invoices should be entered which have not been checked up by the receiving clerk and the prices on which have not been approved by the buyer. The head buyer usually lias the supervision of the work in this department. The work in tliis department, like that in all other departments, is comjjared and verified by the General Bookkeeping Depart- ment. For illustration and explanatioii of forms and books used in this department see pages 120, 121 and 122. Books and Forms Used. The books and funns used to illustrate a method of keep- ing the accounts in a department store are as follows: Abstract Purchase Book, Depart- ment Charges form. Abstract Purchase Ledger, Time Index, Clerks' Summary Sheets, Abstracts of Time Sales, Summary of Daily Sales, Sales Ledgers, General Ledger, Cashier's Abstract Statements, Cashier's Detailed Statements, Abstracts of Cash Sales, Abstract Cash Account, Pay Koll. Other books and forms than the above named are often used. In no other line of business has there been so great an innovation made by the loose-leaf method of keejiing accounts as in department stores. The reason is apparent. Were bound books used, duplicate sets for altei'nate days would be necessary, and tliese would be continually going the rounds of the counting room and the various departments of the store. When a book is in use by one clerk or bookkeeper the others who desire to use it are obliged to wait until he is through with it. Another objection is that the records are not continu- ous, owing to the fact that two sets are used; besides dishonesty is fostered, as false entries are not so easily detected in a fragmentary system of accounting, scattered about in two sets of books, as when the records are in consecutive order. With the loose-leaf method all the vouchers and records are kept in consecutive order. The vouchers representing the transactions for each day pass from department to depart- ment until they reach their destination, when they are filed away in consecutive order. When this method is used it is a comparatively easy matter to refer to any voucher or record 1 20 OKKICK ROUTINE AND liOOK K liKI'l NU thereof. In sliorl, when doeiunenls have to pass througli several departnients >t i&a decidei! advantage to use the loose-leaf method. Abstract Purchase Kook. In this book an entry is made for each iiivoiee that is purciiased. (See iUuslralioti Mow.) When a bill is ready to be entered a serial num- ber is written upon it, or stamped ujion it with an automatic numbering machine. Tiiis number is also written or ])rinted in tlie column headed No. in the Abstract Purchiise Hook. The amount of each bill is entered in the (olal column, while the amount of goods belonging to each dejiartment is entered in the column bearing the proper heading. Whenever desired the entries in the department columns may be proven by ascertaining their total and com- paring it with the footing of the total column, as shown in the illustration. All bills are filed in nunu'rical order iis soon as entered. When this method is used the entries are indexed and ])osted to ledger accounts. If desired, the invoices could be ]iasted in an Invoice Book as previously instructed. When this is done the Invoice Book is so arranged that the invoices are pasted on the left- hand ])ages, while llic department columns are ruled on the right-haiul i)ages. AHSTItACT riKCH.\.SE BoOK. Date. No. L.F. Accounts to »b Ckeditbd. Total. I Shoes. G LOVES. Hats. Dress Goods. CUITH- I.NO. 18»-. 1 June 12 1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 .Murks nros.. Parindjfe\- Uictninlson. Lclinori A: Co.. Lit Hio.s., Strawbri 1722 642 839 787 ISK 719 827 1142 ;»- 122t) 80 9« 92 20 «9 ■M 8(i 41 89 81 20 94 2U 1723 719 4.il 92 41 20 922 787 1226 80 34 26 1345 827 387 96 1 89 94 839 1142 09 81 642 1532 20 86 14 Ilaidlii Deweesi- \- Son, 981 9.'> 961 951 IS .^. \,. Sulzer \- liro.. 1482 2."> 1 1482 35 16 Schwartz \ Kral't, 192li 8.-i 1928 VH 17 N. Knox & Stins, 1424 ■M 1421 ■m\ 18 Writflit Jt Lnckey. Shoes Dr., Cloves Dr., Hals Dr., Dress (ioods Dr., 829 1. 829 3722 2li:iii ;i9Sii 29IU r. 70 411 Oil 4.'i 2938 40 .i'.i-(i 1 list 2964 4.5 Cloihinjf Dr., Puri'hasc L4■^i^rer .-Vi'count Cr.. 78 .V),S4 19l9;l 14 78 5.584 14 1H193 Department Chari^es Form. \\ luu liie departnieius are (juite numerous the above plans for entering invoices would not be jiractical, as but a few entries would ajijiear in the department columns, consequently too much space would be wasted. In liiat event the department columns are itted from the Abstract Purchase Book and a Department Charges form as illustrated on jiage Vi\ is used to receive all charges to departments. The columns headed Serial Xo. receive the serial number as it is written or stamped upon the invoice and entered in the Abstract Purchase Book, which will aid very materially in check- ing for errors or omissions, should the total of the department ciiarges fail to agree with the footing of the money column in the Abstract Purchase Book. When this form is used an ordinary .Journal, or a i)art of it, will serve the purpose of the Abstract Purchase Book. In the illustration on jiage Ix'l the numbers to the left of the footings are the folio numbers. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPINf;. Department Charges^Month of Jtdy, 189- 121 Shoes. Gloves. Hats. DKESS CiOODS. C'LOTniNf;. Serial No. Amount. Serial No. Amount. Serial No. Amount. Serial No. Amount. Serial No. Amount. 3 8 11 18 13 1733 719 451 829 3722 92 41 20 17 70 1 6 13 14 923 787 1226 2936 80 34 26 40 i 2 9 12 17 15 1345 827 3S7 1424 3986 96 89 94 30 09 5 10 14 16 889 1143 981 69 81 95 45 4 7 15 16 17 642 1532 1482 I'.I-.T, 20 8i) 25 1 s;; \ 1 2964 Abstract Purchase Ledger. In this busiuess the entries will be made in an Abstract Purchase Ledger as illustrated below. The advantages of this method arc: (1) e.xcejit- ing the footing of the Amount of Purchases column, there is no posting to be done, (2) the terms, due date and discount time limit are recorded in connection with the entry, (3) pro- vision is made to enter the payments and discounts directly opposite each bill, (4) accounts are indexed by their serial numbers instead of by the pages on which they are entered. As it is impossible to keep a systematic account of discounts in this book, the detailed account of them is kept on the cashier's detailed statements, while the total of each detailed state- ment is placed on the Cashier's Abstract Statement, and from there carried to the Abstract Cash Account. The footing of Discounts column of the Cash Account is posted to the debit of Purchase Ledger account and to the credit of Merchandise Discounts account in the Gen- eral Ledger. {See iUiis-frafioii of Cashier's Abstract StaleinenljjKige 127, andaf Abstract Cash Account, page 129.) Abstract Purchase Ledger. Cr. Dll. Dr. Last Date of Invoice. No. Tnde.x Check. Accounts Credited and Terms. Day of Disct. Due Date. Amouut of Purchases. Amount Paid. Discount. Date. 18ft-. .lulv 1 1 Marks Bros.. 2/10. net 30, 7/11 7/31 922 80 904 34 18 46 7/11 June 36 3 Partridge & Hichariison. 2/5, net 30, 7/1 7/26 1345 96 1319 04 26 92 7/1 28 3 Lennon & Co., 3/10, net 60 days, 7/8 8/28 1723 92 1671 23 51 69 7/8 26 4 Lit Brotlier.s, 2/5, net 30, 7/1 7/26 643 20 639 36 13 84 7/1 29 5 Strawbridge & Clothier,2/10, net 30, 7/9 7/29 839 69 822 90 16 79 7/9 30 6 Jno. C. Lewi.s, 3/10, net 60, 7/10 8/29 787 34 703 72 23 63 7/10 July 1 7 Bacon & Co., 2/5, net 60, 7/6 18/30 1532 86 1.502 20 30 66 7/6 2 R Gimbel Bros., 2/10, net HO, 7/12 Is/i 719 41 705 02 14 39 7/12 3 9 Jno. A. Seeds & Co., net 10 days. 7/13 837 89 827 89 7/13 1 10 Geo. Kremer & Co., 30 days net. 7/31 1142 81 1142 81 7/31 6 11 I.saac Witmer, 2/10, net 30, 7/16 8/5 451 20 443 18 9 03 7/16 3 12 Andrew Jleunier, 3/10, net 00, 7/13 9/1 387 91 376 30 11 64 7/13 7 13 Thos. Hatfield & Co., 2/5, net 30, 7/12 8/6 1 1320 26 1301 73 24 53 7/13 1 14 Harold De weese & Son , 2/10, net 20, 7/11 7/21 981 95 963 31 19 64 7/11 2 15 S. L. Sulzer & Bro., net 10 days. 7/13 1483 35 1483 25 7/12 3 16 Schwartz & Kraft, 3/10, net 30, 7/13 8/2 1936 83 18H8 29 38 54 7/13 7 17 N. Knox & Sons, 10 days net. 7/17 1424 30 1424 30 7/17 8 18 Wright & Luckey, 2/10, net 00, 7/18 9/6 839 17 813 59 16 58 32 7/18 18878 46 315 Purchase Ledger Account Cr., 1 19193 78 315 32 19193 78 i i 1 122 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEriNG. TiliU' Index. Of the mimcrons forms of books and other devices that have beeu designed to keiji track of the discount time limit and due date of bills purchased (or sold) none is as simple and effective as a Time Index. An ordinary diary, or a draw cabinet card index containing a card for each day on which the discount time limit and due date may fall will serve the purpose of a time index. When a bill is entered in the Abstract Purchase Book or Abstract Purchase Ledger, the serial number of such bill is entered in the index on the day the discount time limit expires and also on tlic due date. The first entry in the Ab.'Jtract Purchase Ledger, illustrated on page 121, would be indexed as follows: Under date of .July 11 write 1. which is the serial number, in black ink, and under the date of July 31 write 1 in red ink. When an invoice is paid both numbers are canceled from the index. For the convenience of the manager of finances it may be well to also enter the amount of each invoice in the index, in connection with the serial number, so that the total amount due on any i)articular day may be readily ascertained by him. Wiien either of these dates arrives it will be an easy matter to determine the number and amount of the invoices to be discounted, or that are due. It will greatly facilitate matters when a diary is used if the discount time limit is written in black ink and the due date in red ink, so as to readily distinguish one from the other. When a card index is used cards of two colors will serve tlio same jturpose. The card index is the better of the two. Do you see why? Sales Tickets. Sales Tickets will be dispensed with in this business. Historical data will be substituted in which the salesman's number, the number of the sale and the amount of each sale are given. If sales tickets were u.sed they would be similar in form to those illustrated on pages 90 and 91. (SiMMAlt V Shekt). Date, July -'. Clerk No. 1. ! Ticket No. 1 Aiuuuut. Tii-ki-i No. Amount. 3 loo 2C 2 2 00 27 3 2 50 28 4 1 50 29 5 3 00 30 8 2 20 31 7 8 14 26 32 33 9 34 10 35 11 1 36 12 37 13 38 14 39 15 40 le 41 17 42 18 43 19 44 20 45 21 48 22 47 1 23 48 24 49 I 25 50 Abstract of Time Sales. A TO G Ledger — Shoe Department. July s. 189 1 Clerk.s No8. Ticket Nos. L.F. Accounts to be Charged. Amounts. 1 1 5 20 Mrs. Heiirv Baiicr, 12 40 6 22 0. L. Bebrns. 8 20 12 11 Mrs. Jno. R. ('a>M I 9 26 14 13 U. S. Collins. 11 80 10 10 Ileury Cutler. 15 25 4 9 C. O. Dinwidiiie. 8 90 5 19 Chas. Dodson, 14 15 10 22 Geo. Eiieert, 17 26 1 12 .Ino. E. Erhimit, 85 7 29 Georse Flynn. -1 22 8 23 .Inc. B. Flower. G .50 2 24 Jno. ]it. Glesison. 15 50 3 9 Mrs. A. K. Gilbert. 11 40 : 5 20 Clias. K. Gib.-jon, 11 75 2 28 H. J. Glover. 3 25 3 23 Dr. I). S. Goble. K! 20 4 16 Miss B. Gutniiiii. 4 85 6 14 C. F. Crainger, I 35 185 09 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 123 Clerks' Suiniiiary Sheets. Fifty sales tickets, printed iti tlnplicate and nnnibered consecutively are usually put up in book form. For the convenience of the sales clerks a binder is used to hold these tickets, and a Summary Sheet is furnished (usually attached to the inside of back cover of binder) with each lot of fifty tickets. {See illu> 432 878 82 116 90 120 415 414 830 89 26 112 136 117 456 536 993 195 '42 193 140 100 6f<9 S.5() 1539 160 50 267 30 3':4 I 80 190 20 948 180 869 35 1918 15 8 9 10 11 1 1 !■ Date, July i. SHOES. [ Guovts. Hats. 1 gS. I.CLOTHiNO.j Total. | A III ti. Ledger Sales. MtoM. .Mc to U, •• SloZ. 79 118 88 142 43S 362 20 29 89 61 99 .59 91 95 99 26 100 24 111 i 18 40«" 63 433 57 124 116 97 138 20 ' 69 72 28 144 167 155 185 20 65 95 95 1 222 170 190 209 83 40 60 26 09 81 90 662 678 639 787 276? 3223 5991 38 29 40 28 35 83 IS 8 9 10 11 Total credit sales. Cash Sales. 470 514 »9 66 653 960 75 20 95 7y9 952 Total for day. 791 '58 1 84:.' SO 991 55 1 1613 1751 Date. Ji<(|/ 6. 1 Shoes. I Gloves. ' Hats. 1 go'ods. Clothing. Total. A to G. Ledger Sales, UtoM. • Mc to H. •• StoZ, 88 92 114 99 92 88 21 89 90 84 76 99 101 119 46 25 13 96 120 130 90 113 50 75 60 33 18 84 182 384 167 • 97 40 20 22 60 172 ■221 19(! .50 1 213 80 1 169 50] 640 49 903 58 686 96 600 1 28 8 9 10 11 Total credit sales. Cash Sales, 39."> 420 396 ' 434 79 58 37 4.55 525 831 784 42 20 6S 752 966 02 67 2831 3132 31 18 '4i Total for day. S16 74 831 981 1615 1718 69 591:3 652 J 788 48 831 53 684 40 06 2957 32l»2 93 , 6159 99 9 10 11 Date, Jtilii s. 1 Shoes. GixjvES. Hats. : q*,"^ j Cloth i.vo.r Total. A to G, I..edi;er Sales, II to M, •• Mc to K, " StoZ, 124 88 122 89 89 72 69 2(1 50 72 0^' 89 100 99 104 29 19 95 23 118 98 124 110 S3 38 24 10 170 180 192 112 20 24 40 82 66 93 58 308 361 1.50 124 29 20 40 92 1 ; 811 837 6x9 541 2.880 3184 6064 50 73; 681 27' 18 56 74. 1 8 9 10 11 Total credit sales, Cash Sales, 425 421 402 425 Oti 74 40 451 520 55 08 655 824 I48O 94*4 991 81 50 31 Total for day. 847 «i'A' 97S SS 1936 Total for month, L. F. 4161 13 60 t ] 4164 1 ^'^ 1 1 87 4924 15 53 7844 10 \ 67 9044 75 ' 17 1 30140 48 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEKPING. 125 Clerks' Daily Sales. The liook or sheets on whicli the clerks' daily sales are entered from the Snnunary Sheets, are ruled with vertical money eolumns, siiilieient in number to accommodate tlie sales for each d.iy of an entire month. In the illustration on Jiage 125 but five columns for five days' sales and a Total column are ruh'd. The footings of each dcjiartment should equal the footings of each department column on the Summary of Daily Sales sheet, while the monthly totals siiould equal the monthly totals of the Summary of Daily Sales. If errors exist, a comparison of the Clerks' Summary Sheets witii the Sales Tickets and entries for same will be necessary. The department footings are written in red ink to facilitate the addition of tiiem. Besides being a proof of the entries in the Sum- mary or Daily Sales, the Clerks' Daily Sales record serves anotlier important pur})ose. It enables the proprietors to ascertain the total daily, weekly, monthly or yearly sales of each and every clerk, tiiereby determining the value of the services of eacii clerk to the business and regulating his or her wages in proportion to the sales made. Each clerk is given a number by which he is thereafter known, and the clerks for each dejnirtment are supplied with numbers in consecutive order so that the sales from any department are clearly designated by the clerk numbers. In this business the clerk num- bers for the Shoe Department range from 1 to 25; those for the Glove Department from 25 to 50; those for the Hat Department from 50 to 75; those for the Dress Goods Department from 75 to 100 iind those for the Clothing Department from 100 to 125. In entering the numbers and names sufficient lines are left vacant for each department so that the names of extra clerks, employed temporarily during the busy season in any department, may be added in consecutive order at any time. {Sec iUv:e \isually of the ordinary form of Abstk.^ct of Cash Salks. Juhi 189 Snoh;s. Gloves. HAT.S. DUKS.S (;OODS. 1 C'LOTHIMi. It . t; j: . J£ . ^ . s 1 J< . is . 6^ ^ z .Vinouut. ^ c .\moum. 1^ Aiuouut. Amount. i- c 5^ ^a c AllKHMlt. 5 4 14 ,80 33 12 12 40 53 6' 14 70 85 5 19 80 io- 3 20 40 1 8 12 85 34 3 18 25 54 i 10 35 86 10 24 10 ns 4 13 84 10 3 28 40 27 10 10 17 56 6 40 77 1 12 87 107 4 25 30 11 14 3 50 35 1 4 75 50 9 12 80 80 10 34 50 103 4 46 50 2 6 12 25 28 3 8 40 53 5 16 75 79 6 17 85 106 5 19 70 12 2 11 10 25 13 19 80 51 2 12 40 81 1 10 00 103 5 15 00 11 5 10 25 35 5 7 81 53 11 11 10 82 3 45 15 118 6 31 10 3 17 12 15 33 2 11 10 57 5 19 80 85 3 31 10 119 6 9 30 9 10 24 20 34 11 12 50 54 8 14 75 82 4 18 76 101 4 15 75 13 1 15 25 32 4 15 80 51 1 9 80 80 8 19 80 100 8 38 60 12 9 14 70 28 4 19 20 53 13 4 67 85 ■1 1 I 85 118 i G3 00 13 2 4 70 31 6 6 75 60 6 8 14 81 *J 11 90 101 8 14 75 15 13 25 30 5 12 81 54 14 7 85 86 l\ 42 40 116 ( 18 41 14 6 8 70 27 G 10 70 51 13 12 30 75 5 19 95 103 8 17 34 9 11 4 25 30 6 20 15 60 4 15 20 86 11 38 40 101 5 Gl 15 4 5 8 10 31 7 14 85 60 11 18 45 75 6 29 80 107 8 13 71 2 4 10 35 27 7 12 00 53 I 11 15 81 4 24 76 108 8 48 90 6 i> 5 00 35 10 10 50 59 6 19 35 82 11 48 75 117 4 34 30 r-, 3 12 80 35 11 4 75 57 12 12 63 84 2 20 48 111 8 31 80 1 11 4 50 29 13 18 40 50 1 10 40 80 5 35 25 113 3 43 70 12 4 3 50 26 14 8 35 57 8 17 75 78 12 48 15 117 7 38 30 10 4 75 25 3 7 63 55 13 8 10 7G 8 44 75 103 1 54 115 2 15 8 75 29 1 4 25 57 7 19 80 80 4 10 48 110 5 2(1 ■J,"i 10 9 12 80 31 10 12 45 58 15 10 50 79 11 13 35 112 6 14 ^0 13 10 11 70 28 17 8 10 56 10 14 80 70 !) 31 61 103 3 37 60 9 9 18 GO 34 2 17 85 55 9 25 75 81 9 10 85 109 3 10 15 15 5 13 80 26 3 10 50 50 2 10 48 79 8 48 75 102 4 41 74 12 12 7 50 32 5 19 70 00 2 18 40 76 10 15 80 108 3 16 5fr 7 10 IG 00 33 5 16 40 59 8 7 75 84 5 10 80 112 9 61 80 11 15 3 75 29 11 13 35 57 14 20 15 81 10 35 50 115 3 12 90 5 1 4 85 28 5 15 10 60 3 13 71 82 6 30 71 118 8 7 80 3 12 1.5 25 30 17 13 30 59 9 19 85 81 5 10 30 111 5 14 71 14 y 7 CO 20 1 9 10 45 57 11 14 60 83 11 12 40 109 8 10 00 3 5 5 29 35 2 20 60 54 10 10 87 86 12 18 75 100 1 9 75 — 25 12 3 30 50 3 21 35 81 6 25 30 111 7 10 02 358 30 431 48 52 51 7 11 14 17 35 (10 75 3 14 43 920 872 40 513 90 72 OFFICE ROUTINE AND liOOKKEEPIXG. 127 ledger. Abstracts of any of the ledgers should |)rove with the aeeounts bearing tlie same names, as kept in the General Ledger. As stated before, tiiese ledgers may be jiroven with their accounts in the General Ledger, daily, weekly or montldy. Cash Sales. For each cash sale the cashier receives the ref)uired amount of casli and the original sales ticket, which is kei)t on file until the close of the day or some other con- venient time, when all the tickets are assorted according to departments, and are entered on an Abstract of Cash Sales sheet. {See ilhtstration on p.s .leniue Mission, 6 1(1.00 10 00 4 Miss Mary Murpliv, 6 8.110 8 00 5 John Newlaiuls, 5i 12.00 11 00 attended a funeral. (> James O'Neill, 11 + 5i 10.00 9 16 7 .^[iss Maud Yoiiiif:, 1 1 + 1 6f 9.00 9 38 worked overtime. 8 Elmer Winter, 1 6 12.00 12 00 9 ' .Mrs. Kiilf Franklin. 1 1 6 10.00 10 00 10 Miss Mamie l{ol)inson, 1 1 . 1 5 7.00 5 83 began Tuesday. 11 David While, I 4 8.00 .") 33 Wednesday. 12 Jas. Ahl, 1 3 6.00 3 1S5 00 20 " Thursday. sr) Miss Hcrlha Steele, 1 6 25.00 25 00 21) Miss Louie Mason, 4 5+1 I.IUO 13 75 delaved by railroad wreck. 27 Henry Olipliant, 6 I 15.00 \ri 00 28 Clias. Hicks, u 6*! 12.00 13 00 worked overtime. 29 Miss Lucy Wade, 1 J 6 10. (JO 10 00 30 Miss May Greenfield, 6 SJIII s 110 31 V. C. (.'unningham. 1 .) 10.1111 "- :(:i I'liian Tuesday. 32 John Dwyer h \ ^*i b.dO G 00 Tuesday. 33 Joseph Mosliv, 4 1 8.00 ,') ;i:i Weducsdav. 34 Edward Schriefer, 8 6.00 3 107 00 " Thursday. OFFICE ROUTINE AND liOOK KEEPING. Cash Account. 129 1 Payments. S TO Z Ledger. Total. Geneh.\l Ledgek. Discount. Purchase tjEDGER. Hala.nce. Total. 1.50 426 829 25 30 40 67246 71.525 74691 77482 50 67 68 11 96 942 1143 29720 50 50 50 o7 u S2 1872 2382 1426 .55S1 13 62 50 on 13 67246 68710 71266 46335 50 55 68 61 67246 71525 71(i91 77482 50 67 68 11 1405 11 95 290945 31805 50 110 5 SJ 2535.59 34 290945 96 How to Pay Oil". Sonu' business lioiises pay oil by clieck, giving to each employee a checiv payable to his order for tlie amount due him. As the check must be endorsed by the employee before lie can get the money on it, it becomes a reeeijjt. Other concerns pay off in currency, usually by what is known as the envelope system. When currency is used the bookkeeper or cashier usually gets from the bank the exact amount of money, and just the kind of denominations and change wanted. To accomplish this he scans his jiay roll name by name and records each result as follows: Suppose he has the following records: M. E. Smith, $08.8(1, and Frank Kerr, 175.75. He rules columns on a tablet for 20's, lO's, o's, 3's, and Vs for dollars, and for fractional currency, 50^-, 25^, 109^, 5v- and 1^-. Commencing with Smith, he enters in his list, 3 in the column headed twenty, 1 in the five column, 1 in_ the two column and 1 in tlie one column. 3 x 20-t-5-(- 2 -|- 1 ecpials (38 or 8(18. Fractional: 1 in 50/' column, 1 in 25'/ column, 1 in 10'/ column, 1 in \I 1 . t,,. , Dm •ti.O -U .. ^' ■ ■ I ■ . ' < t.i til ■• t Uoiii < Wtt. 1 A 1 '.III. U'; a III lll>l llh tl'IDli t' ihiliilillittiUi A ■ ' ?•''■ I • |i. ;..,,i.,v, I). . 1, .1.1 i:l,.vi. (ti, , ,»uiii. »y, a III. (IHI t»i, ••!«>» ••■) ^li.M |i> . H.'i. riiiii. Uii u Id. (MX nil, $i)UU n4: > I ... I .. '■ •..|lli'li(» ri.ilii ilii >ln|ii (,;h'llli ti!lili>l llii ritl|>i«« |||(.. nii h iIhsIi i(ri>i>l|i|« . I .'.I, . i.i....i I i' .1 ill vxiii Bii|i|iii|i|ihlii(. III!' ^>•^•l " '*i'itii|tn>i (I'li'tiii. I tM...ii»i. (viHntiiiH I )M*(i(, Whtit Hwifc* ndil W(rt. .1. ,»|H,^i»II.^H^ iiHil i.|i>«li(li, iSWrtti ii.. (,i(.tt» .i( ill). III. M, HU.' ili; l,„|.|(i,,i. Ii, lill!... ..!■ >i. II. Mil. mis H|.|. iUiS\ u^\<\\ (i< Ui' tiitiiiliMl (i< (III. Uniutritl HiM«lil|iU(|[ I ". ; •l.<. H- Ciitli.i.il tl '!.), )ilMl|MI| Vdl l»l> (li r.l>lltl<*»M l-ln i^H*ll(l«l'- lln(«(IWl VlHifti- tltix illlUl (lll> l-»»ll Itll ImII' III. . ....Ill III (III AIm(I«iW »'«i». . I ■ .' t .-I,.! .ii|ll|.l| »(ll(Ulll|ltl(--. Il( |t|.|MII|l( lli'il.' 'l"hlM» 'I'll! .. .«! (In i|(l»|i|i>lll .1 (.,; 1 . I, \: I.... .(, \;-,' I.. ||.)V III .. M.il.1 ii ...I, .1... . ,. 11.1... -.1-0 I'llh I .v^««l«U tlUUv i.uii.U,-, .Ur ■* -siwtui -las iintisstjjiS. lii smm '7* ',v>tm k !£*]],!■ '»-k 1H% ^tL SSSL^i, DiE Ji 'Jn.c;:^;:' ^ ^*i. **. "t. t(t ;t. .,'r,rw ■<,*.; K. ^-^" 'fr*.: ifC- $^.?* ■ l;',(3 UKriCE KOUTINK AM) BOOKKEKI'l NC. J. W. lliurisoii, i?12.4o; i>-7, Kicliard Smvtlie, ^i.To; G-.', Aiulivw Melniyre, ll-i.Go; 5-8, Jos. E. McGregor, S13.S5; 0-1, Murtiu Schneider, U.U; C-.3. Wni. Henniiig, nSAO; 1-13, Henry Beaver, ^12. 30: 7-12, Miss Lillian Betts, |il5.o0; 7-11, Donald M. Hcpler, $12.80; 8-3, Miss Anna Spencer, §-1.7!t: 7-2, Paul Snyder, :jl4.70: 1.3-5, Jno. M. McKinley, $9.25; 7-1, Mrs. Kate McKenna, $14.80; 8-11, A. K. Stephenson, $G.30: 1-4, B. W. Hay- den, $9.20; 4-8, Dr. C. JI. Brucker, $9.50; 13-G, ]\Irs. Henry Bader, $22.25; 10-5, Thomas Hawkins. *7.45; 2-9, Jno. M. Stone, $9.40; 8-1, Miss Mamie McXeill, $14.45; 4-9, Frank W. Taylor, $4.11; 2-3, Mrs. Geo. Hyde, $7.40; 1-14, Clarence W. Campbell ,$12.50; 9-0, A. B. Jennings, $8.75; 11-14, AVm. Underwood, $4.50; 14-10, Mrs. T. P. ^fcMenamin, $14.85: 14-4, Frank X'ayl"'"- $16.85; 13-7, Edgar M. A^iil, $12.25: 4-13, Mrs. C. AV. Jeffer- son, $9.25; 5-0, 11. S. Collins, $7.80; 11-9, J. E. M. Keller, $12.25; 3-9, Adam Vogel, $12.10; 8-10, Miss Mabel Xeilson, $4.50; 4-11. Harvey Ni.\on, $14.90; 14-12, Frank M. Wagner, $10.12; 3-11. Henry Kenii)f, $9.25; 11-13, P. Cassidy, $10.00: 13-8, Miss Josie Nicolay, $10.85; 14-2, H. J. Walker. $10.25; 0-11, Lawrence Kiefer, $12.25; 8-3, Ralph E. Cooke, $13.45; 11-12. Wni. Kitchen, $9.40; 9-13, Peter M. Ward, $0.50; 2-7, J. S. Xor- thorp, $13.75; 3-8, H. IL Watterson, $4.50; 12-5, Miss Sarah Keini, $12.50: 15-11, J. W. Clark, $13.75; 7-3, -Airs. H. W. Dickinson, $12.95; 5-9, R. G. Laird, 811.45; 15-8, Frank Zimmer, $4.15: 10-11, William Nye, $19.50; 11-1, Edward O'Connor, $5.25; 2-8, Allen H. Oliver, $18.48; 2-12, Chas. Lake, $9.85; 14-11, C. G. Davis, $7.85; 3-10, Solomon Erb, $19.40; 4-10, D. E. Parsons, $14.21; 14-3, Geo. Eaton, $8.47; 9-12, H. B. Lehman, $14.05; 12-6, H. E. Eastwood, $l!t.44; G-12, Alfred Quinn, $7.40; 2-10, Jno. E. Zeigler, $4.75; 4-12, Mrs. G. W. Miner, $14.50; 4-7, Miss Euphemia Faucett, $6.80; 4-6, Geo. E. Munson, $25.50; 6-13, Miss Amie Rathbun, $14.25; 2-11, Jno. R, Fell, $12.40; 14-1, Herman Ziimm, $4.55; 3-4, C. H. Remington, $4.05; 15-10, Miss Mary Gilles, $14.65. Verify your work. Ascertain the footing of the money column on each sheet. Lay aside the sheets for the Shoe Dei)artmont and head another lot for the Glove Department, following previous instructions. He sure to curry out these instructions for every de])art- ment. Glove Depaictment. 31-11, Mrs. E. McDaniei. $4.04; 26-2, J. W. Harrison, $5.50; 2G-1, J. G. Atkinson, $13.20; 27-13, W. E. Schcrinerhorn. $5.75; 25-17, Geo. McFarlan, $12.30; 31-13, Geo. Heitz, $7.40; 31-2, George Bauer, $3.75; 28-10, Albert E. Shaw, $4.37; 35-14, Edwin Short, $3.05; 27-10, Miss Lillian Betts, $2.00; 32-1, Donald M. llepler, $7.85; 28-11, Andrew Mclntyre, $14.10; 33-15, Jos. E. McGregor, $3.40; 33-7, B. W. Hay- den, $12.45: 25-5, Frank Casper, $6.00; 31-15, Paul Snyder, $6.85; 28-7, J. W. Clark, $8.47; 28-8, Mrs. J. G. llinolf, $4.80; 27-12, Burton E. McGuire, $4.25; 33-17, Thomas Hawkins, $9.80; 31-12, (ieo. Eaton, $10.50; 34-8, Miss Anna Spencer, $15.05; 27-14, A. K. Stephenson, $4.25; 27-1, H. E. Eastwood, $7.00; 27-2, Mrs. Geo. Hyde, $4.25; 33-10, Mrs. Kate McKenna, $5.50; 30-10, Geo. W. Jones, $0.40; 31-1, Miss Euphemia Faueett, 84.25; 29-9, Jno. M. Stone, $14.75; 30-13, Miss Lulu Tate, $18.45; 32-14, Jno. R. Fell, $9.25; 29-8, A. B. Jennings, $4.20, 34-7, Jno. M. MeKiuley, $14.87; 26-15, Mrs. T. P. AIcMena- min, $45.00: 34-9, Mrs. C. W. JelTerson, $4.50; 26-11, Albert Ginglebach, $12.25: 26-16, Frank W. Taylor, $0.50; 28-9, Morris Thatcher, $31.50; 30-9, Jno. M. Glcason, $12.40; 25-6, Walter Kane, $9.20; 32-13, Miss Mabel Neilson, $10.85; 34-13, Martin Newman, $14,85; 30-14, Miss Josie Nieolay, $4.50; 32-3, Fred W. Townsend, $4.75; 33-8, Edgar M. Vail, $4.50; 28-14, J. E. M. Keller, $7.05; 29-10, Harvey Nixon, $11.70; 31-3, Jno. Noble, $7.80; 34-14, Adam Vogel, $5.75; 25-7, Frank M. Wagner, $4.50; 35-3, Chas. Kaehler, $11.75: 32-4, William Nye, $9.25; 25-10, Edward 0'Coi\nor, $14.35: 35-8, Henry Kempf, OFFICE ROUTINE AND llOOKK EICPING. 187 U.'iO; 29-U, Ch:is. K. Gibson, $2.50; 32--J, H. J. Walker, U.2o; .'33-9, Geo. W. Ottiuger, $i;».24; 30-11, Wm. Kitchen, $13.25; 28-13, Miss Mary Gilles, $7.25; 31-14, Cora Walters, $8.45; yn-7, Theodore Gilles, $9.45; 35-4, Chas. Lake, $12.50; 30-15, Allen H. Oliver, $9.18; 28-12, C. N. Palmer, $11.40; 35-11. H. B. Lehman, $4.(50; 3(5-10, L. K. Grainger, $11.45; 35-7, A. C. Yates, $4.15; 29-15, D. E. Par.sons, $4.25; 27-3, Geo. E. Munson, $10.45; 30-12, Frank Zinimer, $9.50; 27-15, Albert (iuinn, $9.75. Hat Department. — 52-2, Miss Paulino Sale, $15.75; 50-11, Geo. Ileitz, $4.25; 55-1, Samuel AlthofE, $0.40; 52-3, Andrew Mclntyre, $4.00; 57-1, Richard Smythe, $3.50; 56-3, Wm. Henning, $4.50; 53-2, Mrs. Geo. Anderson, $7.80; 53-1, Jos. E. McGregor, $8.95; 50-5, Paul Scull, $7.50; 57-3, B. W. Hayden, $5.50; 54-0, J. B. Atkinson, $19.80; 59-13, Jiio. M. McKinley, $3.65; 51-10, E. V. Neal, $14.85; 50-4, Mrs. Henry Bader, $14.00; 59-2. Thomas Hawkins, $2.50; 51-3. Edwin Short, $14.85; 53-13, Paul Snyder, $19.50; 53-3, Mrs. M. Jacobs, $4.25; 59-1, Clarence W. Campbell, $7.25; 50-0, Frank Naylor, $4.30: 58-11, Harvey Nixon, $4.95; 55-2, R. S. Collins, $3.40; 50-2. Geo. W. Jones, $4.75; 54-2, Miss Anna Spencer, $4.09; 54-15; A. K. Stephenson, $12.55; 58-13, A. B. Jennings, $3.50; 58-12, P. Cassidy, $7.25; 56-14, Jno. Noble, $3.50; 51.14, Jno. Northorp, $7.50; 50-12, Ralph E. Cooke,'$7.85; 58-2, Walter Kane, $3.45; 50-13, Frank W.Taylor, $15.40; 50-10, J. E. M. Keller, $4.75; 56-5, J. W. Clark, $14.26; 52-4, William Nye, $14.85; 51-0, Mrs. H. V[. Dickinson, $9.25; 58-14, Chas. Kaehler, $4.75; 59-3,. Fred W. Townsend, $12.50; 53-4, Lawrence Kiefer, $14.75; 52-15, C. 0. Dinwiddie, $8.60; 51-5, Allen H. Oliver, |!14.15; 54-4, Alfred Quinn, $12.80; 51-8, Mrs. Wm. Emery, $4.20; 51-15, Wm. Kitchen, $5.75; 58-10, Wm. Underwood, $10.00; 59-14, Adam Vogel, $0.35; 50-1, Miss Sarah Keim, S9.25; 51-7, R. G. Laird, $5.60; 53-14, Peter M. Ward, $4.25; 54-3, H. H. Watter- son, $10.45; 52-10, II. B. Lehman, $9.95; 59-12, Frank Zimmer, $12.25; 54-1, Geo. W. Martin, $3.50; 54-16, Miss Euphcmia Faucett, $12.45; 50-13, Jayson Rummel, $12.25; 57-2, Mrs. Lottie Mitchell, $9.40; 51-4, Herman Zumm, $12.15; 51-8, Mrs. G. W. Miner, #9.85; 54-5, Jno. M. Gleason, $9.05. Dress Goods Department. — 84-10, Mrs. Kate McKenna, $145.25; 86-2, Mrs. J. G. Hinolf, $48.25; 85-8, Miss Mary Ambler, $10.85; 83-3, Paul Scull, $19.45; 80-2, Walter W. Stern, $75.43; 84-4, Mrs. Emma Adams, $24.25; 83-2, Mrs. Geo. Hyde, $21.75; 78-3, Jno. M. McKinley, $04.35; 76-3, Mrs. T. P. McMeiuimin. $148.56; 85-9, Mrs M. Jacobs, $17.45; 78-0, George Bauer, $14.20; 78-4, Miss Lulu Tate, $41.50; 81-7, Albert A. Bor- ton, $17.50; 80-3, Mrs. C. W. Jefferson, $20.75; 82-10, Miss Mabel Neilson, $137.45; 70-5, Henry Kemiif, $45.75; SO-1, Frank Casper, $16.20; 81-8, Morris Thatcher, $124.17; 70-1, Mrs. H. AV. Dickinson, $17.81; 84-9, Miss Sarah Keim, $19.48; 83-1, Miss Josie Nicolav, $31.25; 78-1, Frank Krauss, $48.90; 76-2, Mrs. Wm. Emery, $38.95; 78-5, Edgar M. Vail, $98.50; 79-10, Miss Eui)hemia Faucett, $44.23; 85-2, H. B. Lehman, $19.85; 85-1, Jno. Noble, $17.48; 78-2, Mrs. Lottie Mitchell, $74.85; 78-7, Miss JI. E. Frost, $35.40; 76-7, J. A. Vanderbelt, $23.50; 75-10, Mrs. A. K. Gilbert, $38.25; 80-1. William Nye, $106.24; 76-0, L. V. Maurer, $34.15; 70-4, C. H. Remington, $20.25. Clothing Department.— 109-2, B. W. Hayden, $14.75; llo-l. Miss Pauline Sale, $2.20; 118-2, Geo. McFarlin, $41.45; 110-5, Mrs. Geo. Anderson, $22.60; 100-2, Dr. C. M. Brucker, $42.50; 104-5, Andrew Mclntyre, $47.45; 114-3, Ricliard Smythe, $18.75; 119-5, Mrs. Geo. Hyde, $17.00; 100-5, A. B. Jennings, $36.55; 113-0, Martin Schneider, $18.95; 118-3, Burton E. McGuire, $15.00; 118-1, Clarence W. Campbell, $36.75; 114-0, R. S. Collins, $29.50; 115-5, Jno. M. :\IcKinley, $51.40: 110-2, W. E. Schermerhorn, 138 OFFICE ROUTINi; AND bUUK KKKl'lNG. *18.4o; 117-S, Mrs. C. W. Jefferson, $34.25; 117-3, Walter Kane, $15.50: lU-i, Albert E. Shaw, !;24.r5; 110-4, Mr.s. T. P. McMenamin, ^41.50; 110-G, Jno. W. Clark, S3T.45: 110-3, C. 0. DinwitUlie, *51.45; 104-4, E. V. Neal, $20.50; 100-3, Edwin Short, $19.50; lOG-6, J. E. M. Keller, $24.70; 101-3, Chas. Kaehlcr, $10.25; 104-3, Paul Suyder, §27.30: 119-2, Frank Naylor, $04.85: 107-1, C. G. Davis, $19.0'J; 115-0, Martin Newman, $35.G0; 108-1, Albert Sj.are, $34.45; 102-3, A. K. Stephenson, $19.50; 114-4, Harvey Nixon, $29.50; 112-4, Frank W. Taylor. $35.00: 119-3, Jno. Noble, $43.25; 101-2, Morris Thatcher, 8135.50; 111-13, AVni. Kitchen, 824.50; 108-2, Wm. Underwood, $18.25; 114-5, Chas. Oakley, $44.11; 112-5, Solomon Erb, $38.00: 115-9, J. A. Vanderbclt, $19.75; 102-2, Frank Krauss, $31.50; 111-9, Frank Vick, $35.40; 119-4, Geo. W. Ottiugcr, $87.40; 100-7, C. N. Palmer, $19.50; 115-4, Albert Ginglebach, $45.80; 117-1, Adam Vogel, $29.28; 112-3, K. G. Laird, $75.50; 107-9, A. C. Yates, $19.45; 109-1, Chas. Lake, $3^0.40; 117-2, Frank Zimmer, $14.25; 100-4, Alfred Quinn, $15.45; 113.7, Chas. K. Gibson, $40.75: 119-8, Jayson Rummel, $19.50; 115-8, Jno. E. Ziegler, $25.40; 105-3, Geo. W. Martin, $28.35; 105-12, Herman Zumm, $25.10; 105-^1, Valentine Kess, $45.25; 107-2, L. K. Grainger, $58.00; 102-1, L. V. Manrer, $28.90. Ee-add tlie items on ail the slieets to satisfy yourself that the footings are correct. Enter the footings in the Summary of Daily Sales as illustrated on page 124. Ascertain the total sales for each Sales Ledger and enter the amount in the Total column. Find the total time sales for each department. The footing of the Sales Ledger totals should equal the footing of the department sales. If found to agree, assemble the Abstract of Time Sales sheets, place a rubber band around them and put them aside. They are not to be handed to the Sales Bookkeepers until they have been jjroven with tlie Clerks' Daily Sales, as taken from the Clerks' Summary sheets. Casli Salt's. Tiie cash sales for the day are listed below. The student should remem- ber tliat in bu.siness a sales ticket is prejjared in duplicate, by the sales clerk for every sale, and that the entries would be made directly from the original sales tickets, instead of from the data as given herewith. In entering the following sales on the Abstract of Cash Sales be sure to give each department credit for its sales, also credit the clerks by number in the proper column, and specify tlie number of each sales ticket. For the convenience of the bookkeepers, in business the Abstract of Cash Sales sheets are loose sheets; in this business for the convenience of the student they are furnished in bound form. Shoe Depaktment.— 1-6, $10.20; 8-4, $4.75; 9-5, $9.40; 9-7, $4.04: 10-4, $10.00; 7-10, $14.80; 1-0, $4.50; 11-8, $9.25; 1-12, $13.25; 5-15, $0.15; 10-3, $11.05; 12-8, $11.50; 11-11, $3.00; 3-7, $4.35; 5-1, $10.00; 5-10, $13.25; C-10, $7.15; 7-4, $12.40; 8-9, $18.25; 9-1, $10.12; 9-14, $14.75; 11-7, S15.00; 13-4, $14.50; 11-10, $3.50; 7^5, $4.50; 12-7, $15.50; 2-13, $15.30; 12-13, $18.45; 8-13, $4.25; 5-11, $13.45; 11-15, $4.30; 5-2, 812.20; 2-14, $12.25; 11-2, $11.50; 10-10, $0.40; 14-5, $4.50; 3-12, $9.74; 15-G, $15.35; 13-9, $13.55; 15-7, $4.49; 3-0, $9.45; 14-9, $3.24; 15-12, $11.15; 3-^, $9.25; 3-2, $9.28; 2-5, $4.50; 5-4, $3.50; 0-0, $25.25; 1-8, $8.45; 8-G, $14.80; 3-1, $4.50; 1-9, $12.25; 10-2, $9.05; 9-3, $24.80; 6-7, $23.54; 5-5, $7.50; 10-7, $14.44; 11-4, $37.40;- 13-2, $17.00; 12-10, $4.45; 13-12, $12.10; 4-3, $4.00; 7-7, $7.85; 13-13, $13.14; 5-14, §95.84; 8-7, $7.81; 2-0, $12.84; 9-4, $4.50; 12-2, $10.25; 15-3, $5.00: 11-5, $4.25; 7-8, $8.45; 10-8, §15.85; 14-7, $14.70; 15-3, $11.80; 4-4, $23.50; 9-10, $12.45; 3-3, $11.50; 13-11, $29.20; 12-9, $27.45; 13-1, $37.40; 15-13, $8.75; 12-1, $39.25; 15-14, $12.25; 12-11, $24.50; 14-6, Ul'KICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 139 $10.15; -1-5, U.25; 9-11,, $13.40; 3-1, $4.75; G-5, $15.40; 5-3, $8.50; 1-7, $4.35; 7-9, $13.75; 1-10, $G.50; 8-5, $30.40; 1-11, $4.50, 6-8, $7.25; 4-3, $3.50; 9-3, $11.10; 10-1, $8.90; 11-3, $14.50; 15-1, $11.70; 13-3, $4.75; 13-4, $3.50; 13-14, $35.00; 8-8, $14.81; 6-9, $10.00; 7-6, $15.40, 9-8, $9.75; 10-6, $18.70; 14-8, $4.85; 11-6, $6.75; 15-4, $13.51; 5-13, $30.50; 4-1, $18.35; 8-12, $10.50; 5-13, $11.40; 10-9, 7.65; 13-10, $4.75; 13-3, $17.40; 15-5, $3.35; 3-15, $14.75; 10-13, $13.80; 12-13, $20.50; 9-9, $4.50; 15-9, $10.00. Glove Department.— 25-3, $5.75; 39-1, $4.37; 31-10, $3.65; 34-1, $6.85; 38-17, $15.65; 27-11, §4.35; 34-3, $14.75; 29-3, $18.45; 36-3, $6.50; 31-4, $11.50; 33-5, $4.75; 33-11, $4.50; 25-15, $4.25; 33-14, $8.45; 30.16, $4.15; 34-15, $9.50; 29-3, $21.50; 32-6, $2.25; 25-4, $7.65; 33-5, $4.25; 35-9, $8.25; 29-11, $8.56; 27-18, $3.35; 28-5, $3.15; 30-17, $4.00; 36-9, $14.35; 33-16, $4.75; 31-5, $10.15; 35-2, $4.45; 33-6, $10.47; 26-12, $4.35; 27-17, $4.50; 25-8, $5.25; 30-7, $4.75; 28-6, $8.57; 25-9, $9.21; 27-4, $10.12; 31-16, $6.55; 35-13, $3.10; 32-15, $14.85; 30-8, $9.47; 31-17, $6.34; 34-12, $10.45; 27-5, $4.35; 3.3-13, $4.50; 26-4, $43.75; 3.3-3, $9.45; 34-3, $6.40; 27-10, $64.50; 35-1, $15.10; 28-3, $46.14; 35-6, $18.30; 30-3, $35.49; 34-4, $10.48; 25-13, $34.10; 29-4, $12.38; 35-5, $36.83; 33-2, $4.25; 26-5, $11.40; 34-11, $19.60; 29-5, $10.12; 25-14, $21.50; 32-7, -$4.25; 30-4, $10.13; 33-4, $4.85; 32-8, $7.45; 28-4, $6.48; 34-10, $12.40; 29-13, $3.50; 26-8, $14.85; 31-6, $9.80; 30-5, $8.95; 28-15, $16.40; 27-6, $35.50; 33-9, $4.75; 30-6, $6.25; 31-7, $9.60; 25-10, .$4.25; 28-16, $3.00; 30-18, $9.50; 27-7, $5.25; 26-13, $4.75; 35-10, $11.50; 25-11, $4.80; 35-13, $13.40; 39-13, $5.25; 33-16, $6.40; 26-14, $9.50; 25-1, $4.50; 28-2, $10.35; 30-3, $7.80; 33-12, $4.50; 36-7, $12.45; 33-1, $16.20; 29-6, $4.50; 34-6, $11.75; 37-9, $9.81; 33-13, $14.40; 31-9, $30.35; 33-11, $7.60; 25-3, $10.75; 34-5, $11.15; 30-1, $4.50; 32-10, $7.35; 26-6, $13.40; 31-8, $19.30; 28-1, $6.25: 37-8, $4.30; 25-12, $11.48. Hat Department.— 53-6, $10.35; 54-7, $12.45; 55-3, $31.50; 56-6, $4.50; 57-4, $10.00; 50-9, $4.25; 53-5, $13.14; 55-4, $6.70; 53-9, $7.65; 51-2, $12.47; 53-11, $18.50; 58-16, $9.78; 53-11, $8.47; 51-9, $10.50; 56-7, $12.47; 57-5, $18.50; 54-8, $7.65; 51-1, $9.75; 55-5, $6.50; 58-9, $12.50; 52-1, $3.50; 53-12, $14.75; 60-6, $9.55; 59-5, $4.37; 54-14, $7.63; 60-4, $8.95; 51-13, $14.85; 55-6, $11.11; 60-5, $35.50; 59-4, $11.40; 00-11, $4.25; 55-7, $6.91; 60-10, $16.25; 50-7, $12.20; 53-7, $4.16; 60-13, $5.45; 57-13, $4.38; 60-7, $9.25; 52-14, $5.29; 50-8, $14.95; 60-8, $8.47; 59-6, $16.80; 60-9, $4.25; 57-12, $12.40; 50-1, $6.25; 57-8, $5.00; 59-10, $8.75; 55-13, $4.75; 54-9, $11.00; 55-14, $4.25; 57-7, $35.00; 56-9, $13.78; 58-3, $19.81; 53-8, $5.85; 58-15, $11.41; 53-10, $3.45; 59-11, $14.91; 58-8, $31.40; 58-4, $19.70; 56-10, $4.75; 58-7, $31.10; 57-6, $18.35; 58-5, $3.35; 50-14, $19.81; 56-8, $8.54; 52-5, $4.25; 55-8, $11.40; 56-12, $4.50; 52-12, $5.25; 51-13, $4.64; 55-9, $3.45; 56-15, $11.05; 50-2, $11.15; 60-14, $3.45; 54-13, $10.80; 55-10, $4.50; 60-1, $9.45; 5-3-8, $3.50; 59-7, $6.40; 60-3, $4.50; 57-10, $13.50; 60-12, $4.50; 53-13, $3.25; 59-8, $6.40; 57-14, $4.75; 60-3, $10.05; 59-9, $7.80; 57-11, $4.50; 54-10, $14.50; 57-9, $8.75; 50-3, $3.50; 58-6, $12.00; 52-7, $11.75; 55-12, $4.50; 54-11, $5.35; 55-11, $16.40; 56-11, $7.85; 50-15, $13.30; 51-10, $8.50; 54-13, $7.35; 53-9, $9.50; 51-11, $6.15; 53-6, $11.70; 50-4, $18.40. Dress Goods Department.— 80-5, $28.50; 80-6, $17.64; 78-13, $14.80; 76-8, $9.63; 80-4, $30.75; 83-4, $15.40; 79-11, $18.35; 83-5, $9.24; 76-9, $16.41; 80-12, $4.50; 81-9, $8.47; 83-6, $15.35; 80-7, $12.84; 85-10, $6.38; 83-12, $10.50; 79-8, $8.40; 76-10, $14.85; 75-13, $25.50; 84-5, $19.45; 78-8, $31.15; 81-10, $24.35; 83-5, $17.64; 79-9, $20.40; 78-9, $13.80; 84-6, $18.30; 82-6, $3.46; 75-7, $19.45; 84-7, $6.81; 86-5, $4.50; 75-8, $19.27; 78-10, $10.14; 81-5, $14.35; 82-7, $4.85; 75-9, $7.65; 86-6, $34.85; 82-8, $18.56; 86-7, 140 OFKICK ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. i.lo.-ib; 82-9, *:14.:5; 83-1 1. ?'.'.4U; 81-i;, *04.SO; 84-12, *;ir.40; SG-8, *:5.8-t: 8C-12, |i9.G3 8C-9, *12.50; 85-5. *10.25; 79-3, $28.25; 85-G, *-i4.8-l: 8C-10, *12.15; 79-t, $1:6.90; 77-1 J;97.<;(); 80-10, $14.55; 83-7, $19.09; 77-8, $54.75; 79-5, $21.55; 80-8, $19.25; 77-9, $11.08 79-f;, $4<;.75; 75-4, $1(;.45; SI-1, $78.G0; 77-10, $24.43; 79-7, $11.21; 77-2, $93.84; 82-3 $14.81; 85-3. $18.91; 82-4, $58.45; 85-4, $16.85; 81-2, $34.50; 85-7, $11.50; 86-3, $25.40 85-11, $10.81; 75-5, $68.48; 86-4, $12.45; 81-3, $14.50; 84-8, $36.25; 86-11, $84.75; 75-6 $12.10; 84-11. $14.4i»; SI-4, $11.10; 84-3, $25.40; 82-11, $15.40; 83-8, $21.50; 84-2, $54.60 80-11, $10.40; 83-9, $19.85; 78-11, $14.10; 76-11, $.3.3.75; 83-10, $36.85; 75-11, $7.40 75-1, $25.00; 79-1, $14.75; 77-5, $21.40; 84-1, $17.60; 77-6, $10.25; 82-1, $14.11; 77-7 $28.35; 80-9, $51.47; 77-3, $14.85; 79-2, $36.45; 75-2, $19.27; 77-4, $35.34; 82-2, $18.36; 75-3, $12.70. Clothing Dkpautmknt. — 107-3, $18.50; 116-4. $12.40; 118-4, $10.0U; 107-4. $5.00 119-1, $3.50; 106-4, $18.46; 103-4, $19.00; 109-7, $23.85; lOG-5, $17.63; 105-5, $10.50 103-5, $11.40; 118-6, $7.65; 116-3, $9.40; 119-G, $14.80; 119-7, $22.75; 105-6, $20.15 103-6, $46.20; 101-4. $18.45; 100-8, $2G.80; 118-7, $18.75; 100-6, $14.20; 101-8, $20.15 116-7, $4.64; 102-8, $19.45; llG-1, $18.15; 103-8, $17.48; 105-S, $8.00; 101-5, $10.25 106-8, $12.40; 107-8. $10.75; 100-7, $11.40; 108-8, $6.25; 117-4, $8.40; 110-8, $29.50 113-1, $18.24; 111-8, $40.20; 117-5, $4.50; 113-2, $7.25; 112-8, $18.45; 117-6, $16.00 113-3, $8.40; 117-7, $7.60; 113-4, $4.20; 114-8, $11.40; 103-1, $18.00; 114-7, $26.00 110-5, $12.00; 115-1, $49.20; 103-2, $10.00; 112-6, $10.50; 115-2, $27.50; 110-6, $54.50 103-3, $16.40; 107-7, $45.75; 110-7, $33.00; 104-7, $10.95; 112-7, $24.75; 115-7, $12.40 111-1, $97.05; 104-6, $55.55; 111-4, $12.11; 109-3, $10.15; 102-9, $19.48; 102-4, $94.75 109-4, $19.27; 102-5, $21.25; 100-9, $10.10; 105-1, $11.40; 108-3, $56.76; 101-0, $40.15 105-9, $89.25; 108-9, $41.50; 108-4, $14.25; 112-9, $21.25; 114-9, $104.85; 115-3, $15.00 118-8, $42.85; 111-5, $54.85; 113-5, $37.60; 109-8, $25.00; 111-0, $31.25; 100-1, $10.00 108-5, $79.40; 113-8, $41.15; 108-7, $90.50; 111-7, $38.45; 108-6, $25.00; 101-7, $28.50 107-6, $18.00; 106-3, $25.25; 107-5, $14.80; 103-7, $6.75; 114-1, $12.40; 104-1, $16.50 118-5, $24.75; 114-2, $13.20; 104-2, $11.85; 102-7, $45.80; 105-7, $14.75, 116-2, $10.00 109-0, $12.85; 112-1, $8.48; 109-5, $17.00; 112-2, $15.25; 100-1. $8.05; 102-6, $14.50 106-2, $0..50; 101-1, $19.00. Foot the dejiarliiiL'iit coluiniis of tlie Abstract of Cash Sales sheets to ascertain tlie total sales of each departtuont for tlu' day. Go over your addition a .second time. Clerks' Diiily Sales. In business tlie clerixs liaiid in tlieir summary slieets to the General liook keeping Department once a day, wliere the daily footings are verified and entered iu the Clerks' Daily Sales book. The object of this book or record is explained on page 125. In this business only tlie daily footings of the Summary sheets are given, which tlie student will enter in the Clerks" Daily Sales record as illustrated on Jiage 125. Omit two lines after the last name in each depai'tineiit. Shoe 1)ki'ai{t.ment. Clerk 1. $140.42; 2, $160.72; 3, $107.97; 4, $152.87; 5, $240.74; 6, $161.19; 7, $146.90; 8, $139.06; 9, $148.31; 10, $142.39; 11, $150.91; 12, $224.69; 13, $232.59; 14, $110.44; 1.5, $139.80. Glovi: Dei'autjient. 25, $169.84; 26, $228.60; 27, $184.53; 28, $206.03; 29, $134.48; 30, $168.67; 31, $1.56.68; 32, $110.35; 33, $140.96; 34, $168.95; 35, $150.68. Hat Dkpautment. 50. $143.71; 51, $160.81; 52, $130.74; 53, $126.82; 54, $162.52; 55, $121.77; 56, $132.10; 57, $142.43; 58, $109.05; 59, $121.33; 60, $123.87. OFFICE ROUTINE AND KOOK KEEPING. 141 Dress Goods Department. ;5, $-4;i.5-J; ;(i. «!409.(;i; 77, $391. Sf); 78, *U;0.09; 79, ^207.54: 80, $298.28; 81, §352.14; 82. *328.34; 83, «!219. 13; 84. *399.19: 8.5. |;200.17: 81!, «;359.S1. Clothing Dep-^rtment. 100,1180.50; 101. 8291.25; 102,1(295.13; 103, $145.33; 104, «il9Ci.lO; 105, $252.75; 106, $132.49; 107. $209.94; 108, $372.3(i: 109, $159.27; 110, $242.00; 111, $305.10; 112, $247.78; 113, $170.54: 114, $289.71; 115, $282.05; 110, $114.04; 117, $129.78; 118, $197.20; 119, $273.05. Find the footino-s of e;icli (Icpartnii'iit anil entci- tlicm iu red ink. Next liml tlio lotal of the red ink footings. Cashier's Statements. The cash receipts (otlier tlian casli sales) and jtayments are listed below. Enter them on tlie proper detailed statement blanks furnished in your supplies. Receipts. Sales Ledgeis. Miss Lillian Belts, $8.10; Paul Snyder, $21.55; Andrew Mclntyre, $20.75; Thomas Hawkins, $15.00; Mrs. Geo. Hyde, $34.00; J. W. Clark, $55.00; Miss Anna Spencer, $9.48; Frank Naylor, $55.00; A. K. Stevenson, $25.00; Geo. Eaton, $14.97; Mrs. C. W. Jefferson, $30.00; Mrs. Wm. Emery, $23.15; Miss Lulu Tate, $41.50; Miss Josie Nicolay, $25.00; Frank W. Taylor, $50.00; Miss Euphemia Faucett, $50.00; Henry Kempf, $25.00; Jno. M. Gleason, $10.75; Harvey Nixon, $41.20; Chas. K. Gibson, $20.00; Wm. Kitchen, $21.25; Mi.ss Mary GiUes, $15.00; H. B. Lehman, $30.50; L. K. Grainger, $40.00; Edgar M. Vail, $100.00; Allen H. Oliver, $20.00; Mrs. G. W. Miner, $20.00; Geo. E. Munson, $10.00. Payments. General Ledger. The advertising manager lias contracted for |- page space in the leading local papers for one month. The price agreed upon is $1200.00, witli a dis- count of 2 percent, for cash. It has been paid, less discount; charge the net amount to Advertising account. Pvrchnse Ledger. Turn to your Abstract Purchase Ledger and ascertain the accounts that will have to be paid to-day to take advantage of the discount offered. Enter all sucii amounts on a Payments- Purchase Ledger statement. Be sure to record the discount in the jiroper column. Find the footings of all the statements and enter them on the Cashier's Abstract Statement. Be sure to include the amount of cash sales. Find the balance of cash on hand. The statements are now ready to be handed to the General Bookkeeping Department, ■where they will be verified, the items on the Cashier's Abstact Statement entered in the Abstract Cash Account, and the detailed statements handed to the various departments where they belong. This you will now do. Be sure to place the detailed statements iu the filing envelopes of the proper bookkeepers. The footings of the dejiartment columns of the Abstract of Cash Sales sheets are entered in the Summary of Daily Sales and the total is ascertained and extended into the Total column. This total sliould agree with the amount of cash received from the cash sales as exhibited by the Cashier's Abstract Statement. Note. — la business the Abstract of Cash Sales sheets would be verified with the sales tickets by the Geueral Bookkeeper, after which the sales tickets would be tiled away with the Abstract of Cash Sales sheets in consecutive order. Foot the Department and Total columns of the Summary of Daily Sales and write the footings in red ink. Next compare the footings with the department and total footings of tlie Clerks' Daily Sales record. If they agree you will place the Abstract of Daily Sales sheets in the proper envelopes for the sales ledger bookkeepers. 14*2 OFKICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Clerks* Tinif. Tlic linu' of the clerks is as follows; enter same in tlie Pay Roll: Clerks niiniUis 1. X>, 3, 4, 5, urchases to be entered to-day are listed below. Enter them a,s previously instructed. Cl.OTHiXG Dkpaktmext. I.«aac vi: Garsou Co.. July ], 2/10, net 30, ^872.40; Strauss & Kohn, July 1, 3/10, net 30, $1282.22. H.\T Depaktmkxt. Jno. Gilles & Sons, July I. 2/10, net 30, ^582.49. SiiOK Dei'autment. J^Iarlin & Winter Co., July 2, 2/5, net 20, 1:205.29. Credit Sales. The credit .sules are listed below; enter them on Abstract of Time Sales sheets as i)reviously instructed. Shoe Departmknt. 12-15, Julius llanscr, *12.00; 0-22, C. L. Behrns, $12.00; 3-19, Jno. C. McCarthy, si^>.:34; ]0-lS), Wni. Sassaman, $10.75; 13-17, Kichard Smythc, $4.75: 1-24, Geo. iAIcFarlau, $11.00; 14-13, Mrs. Jno. R. Cassel, $9.20; 14-22. C. W. Hammond, *9..50; 13-23, Alonzo Hicks, $13.25; 13-10, Henry Cooper, $18.25; 7-23, Thos. McEIwain, $25.30; 2-19, Albert E. Shaw, $9.40; .5-18, Walter Shearer, $4.04; 2-25, Burton E. Mc- Guire, $9.40; 4-19, C. 0. Dinwiddie, $15.80; 1-15, Chas. Harrington, $14.75; 2-23, Sam- uel Haldcrman, $18.25; 5-19, Chas. Dodson, $8.95; 13-24; Edwin McKcnzie, $14.85; 0-21, Edwin Short, $10.00; 12-23, Hiram Simpson, $14.80; 10-21, E. A. McMickle, $11.40; 10-22, Geo. Engert, $19.00; 3-18, W'm. Ininan, $9.75; 4-22, Mrs. M. Jacobs, $9.75; 1-17, Jno. E. Eberhard. $9.85; 3-24. E. V. Neal, $13.75; 9-22, Paul Steele, $12.48; 4-18. Wal- ter W. Stern, $11.05; 14-14, Geo. X. Xash, $9.30; 7-24, Gustav Fisher, $13.45; 5-21, J. A. Jo.seph, $8.45; 7-22, Wni. Johnson, $13.25; 8-23, Jno. B. Fowler, $11.40; 1-10, Andrew J. Xellis, $8.50; 14-23, Fred W. Townsend, $t;.15: 10-18, Wm. Yanderpool, $11.25; 1.5-21, Martin Xewmau, $9.84; 2-24, Jno. M. Glea.son, $15.74; 1-23, ."^liss Chris.-:a Katz, $13.45; 3-20, Mr.s. A. K. Gilbert, $12.40; 11-25, Benjamin Xew, $14.80; 3-21. J. A. Vanderbelt, $3.00; 8-22. William Noyes. $13.45; 1.5-22, Hugh J. O'Brien, $12.84: 3-23, Chas. K. Gib- son, $12.75; 12-14, Henry Kurtz, $9.25; 8-21, Chas. Kaehler, $0..5O; .5-20, Dr. D. S. Goble, $15.80; 7-27, Geo. W. Ottinger, $7.00; 0-20, Jos. Yeruan, $4.35; 14-15, Ira P. Wetzel, $18.25: (;-23. W. S. Osborn. $8.00; 1-25, Theodore Gilles. $14.80: 7-15, Samuel Kelly, OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 143 $11.40; 9-23, A. J. Kinnomau, $11.40; 5-3G, E. G. Osgood, $12.30; 8-25, Cora Walters, «10.60; 15-20, Frank Krauss, $8.05, 5-22, Wm. B. Knight, $4.25; .3-28, Miss Sadie B. Koehler, $14.75, 7-14, A. C. Yates, $10.12; 10-2o, Wm. Youug, $3.25; 9-20, S. P. Pattou, $4.50; 4-20, L. K. Grainger, $9.75; 14-21, L. L. Leaver, $11.40; 8-24, Irving A. Penny, $4.50; 11-22, Juo. ZoU, $7.15; 0-24, Miss Anna K. Seager, $12.40; 0-19, A. Messinger, $13.25; 4-21, Leopold Eice, $10.85. Glove Department. 27-35, Jno. C. McCarthy, $9.25; 28-18, Wm. Sassaman, $41.50; 26-23, Julius Hanser, $5.05; 27-22, Samuel Althoff, $2.15; 32-17, Miss Mary Ambler, $L85; 33-25, Wm. Henning, $10.10; 31-34, Richard Smythe, $2.25; 20-24, Ed. McCor- mick, $13.85; 30-34, Thos. McElwain, $14.25; 30-24, Martin Schneider, $7.05; 31-20, Alonzo Hicks, $4.75; 25-31, Juo. H. Alvey, $5.40; 28-19, Henry Beaver, $4.00; 20-31, Miss Sadie Harlan, $6.50; 34-32, Mrs. W. C. Bostwick, $5.20; 31-18, Judson Brown, $2.50; 28-27, Wm. lumaii, $11.20; 35-33, Jno. Stalder, $4.25; 33-24, Miss Ella McMaster, $4.05; 34-33, E. A. McMiekle, $19.81; 32-28, Miss Anna K. Seager, $8.25; 35-19, Mrs. M. Jacobs, $7.60; 27-21, Mrs. Henry Bader, $7.50; 25-21, C. L. Behrns, $3.00; 30-20, J. A. Joseph, $10.90; 29-18, Walter Shearer, $8.50; 28-28, E. V. Neal, $9.35; 35-18, Geo. N. Nash, $4.20; 20-33, Edwin Short, $3.25; 25-32, Wm. Johnson, $12.75; 30-23, E. S. Collins, $6.80; 32-20, P. Cassidy, $11.50; 27-29, Miss Chrissa Katz, $5.25; 33-26, Hiram Simpson, $3.15; 26-25, Andrew J. Nellis, $0.85; 28-31, Benjamin New, $9.45; 3^-19, Albert Spill- man, $4.00; 31-19, Henry Kurtz, $4.25; 29-28, Mrs. Edwin Dalton, $11.75; 34-10, C. 0. Dinwiddie, $7.65; 29-20, A. J. Kinnman, $9.85; 27-32, Paul Steele, $2.25; 31-23, Mrs. E. Nichols, $10.55; 30-35, William Noyes, $8.74; 25-22, Walter W. Stern, $4.75; 33-34, Frank Krauss, $10.55; 33-33, C. G. Davis, $9.40; 29-17, W. W. Earnest, $11.40; 25-30, Wm. B. Kniglit, $9.45; 35-20, Jno. M. Utz, $13.25; 20-26, Wm. Vanderpool, $3.15; 35-15, Geo. Engert, $13.25; 34-17, E. G. Laird, $3.50; 25-34, L. L. Leaver, $9.84; 32-32, Jno. E. Eberhard, $12.34; 35-16, J. A. Vanderbelt, $4.75; 27-30, W. S. Osborn, $11.50; 34-18, E. C. Osgood, $19.38; 25-23, M. C. Parker, $4.00; 31-25, L-a P. Wetzel, $10.15; 31-26, Gustav Fisher, $9.80; 33-23, Mrs. H. H. Martin, $4.25; 31-33, A. Messinger, $7.40; 33-27, Jno. B. Fowler, $9.50; 25-35, C. C. Waite, $4.45; 30-25, S. P. Patton, $12.25; 35-17, Miss Amie Rathbun, $18.50; 27-20, Peter M. Ward, $10.47; 34-20, Mrs. A. K. Gilbert, $9.05; 35-34, Mrs. G. W. Miner, $4.25; 27-19, Dr. D. S. Goble, $11.45; 29-19, Jno. V. Eedmond, $12.81; 32-29, Leopold Eice, $11.35; 25-29, Jno. ZoU, $4.25; 32-18, L. V. Maurer, $0.85; 28-29, Valentine Eess, $2.25. Hat Department. 51-28, Juo. C. McCarthy, $4.50; 58-30, Wm. Sassaman, $0.50; 50-21, J. W. Harrison, $3.50; 52-30, Miss Mary Ambler, $0.75; 50-24, Jno. H. Alvey, $2.00; 51-20, Alonzo Hicks, $4.50; 50-23, Miss Susan Smythe, $12.50; 53-15, Mrs. E. Mc- Daniel, $3.50; 59-25, Ed. McCormiek, $8.45; 51-27, Martin Schneider, $3.50; 56-29, Miss Sadie Harlan, $12.25; 51-26, Albert A. Borton, $3.50; 50-30, Geo. P. Bower, $9.50; 57-29, Wm. Johnson, $5.50; 50-30, Jno. Stalder, $14.75; 58-17, Geo. McFarlau, $4.25; 00-23, Thos. McElwain, $13.15; 57-27, Albert E. Shaw, $12.50; 55-18, Henry Kasser, $3.75; 57-26, C. L. Behrns, $0.50; 59-21, Miss Maggie Conway, $27.80; 55-29, Henry Kurtz, $3.50; 59-23, Hiram Simpson, $0.55; 51-17, Burton E. McGnire, $2.50; 58-29, Miss Ella McMaster, $10.25; 57-28, Albert Spillman, $2.50; 58-20, Samuel Kelly, $5.75; 54-25, Henry Cooper, $9.75; 57-25, Mrs. Edwin Dalton, $19.70; 00-22, A. J. Kinneman, $4.50; 53-17, Paul Steele, $5.75; 53-28, Geo. N. Nasli, $6.50; 50-24, Andrew J. Nellis, $12.85; 54-24, Jno. M. Stone, $7.03; 50-22, Wm. B. Knight, $11.50; 54-20, C. G. Davis, $12.75; 50-20, W. W. Earnest, $17.00; 54-22, Miss Sadie B. Koehler, $25.00: 00-25, Jno. M. Utz, 144 (iKKICK kOUTINi; AM) BOOKKEEl'ING. IslO.oO; .'lo-lT, E(l;,'!ir M. Vail, *lo.25; 58-18, Martin Nuwiiian, *4.", Hugh J. O'Brien, ^5.35; .50-25, Ira P. Wetzel, *4.1(;; 50-33, II. E. Eastwood, *30.00; 5t;-3t;, Jno. E. Eberliard, ^3.35; 51-10. Jno. R. Fell, *3.50; 50-33, L. V. Manrer, *5.35; 53-28, Frank M. Wagner, |il9.25: 54-33, H. J. Walker, *15.4:: 00-39, Geo. W. Ottinger, $3.35; 59-30, M. 0. Parker, §3.50; 53-lG, C. C. Waite, «!13.50: OO-SO, S. P. Paltou, ?il3.15; 55-15, Miss Aniie Ratlibun, *19.75; 54-30, Wm. Young, *9.95; 50-31, Jno. B. Fowler. t!3.T5; 53-27, Mrs. A. K. Gilbert, *G.20; 51-30, Chas. K. Gibson, *4.50: 53-18, Dr. I). S. Goble, U.r>0. DiiKSti Goods Depaktmicxt. — iS3-15, C. W. Haniinond. §45.35; 83-13, Mrs. Geo. Anderson, §30.40; t5-18, Jos. E. ^IcGregor, §44.50; 84-14, Miss Susan Smythe, $38.40; 82-17, Albert E. Shaw, §18.56; 81-11, Miss Ella McMaster, §31.85; 83-17, llenrv Beaver, §10.45: 84-13, Chas. Harrington, §30.35; 77-18, Miss Sadie Harlan, §35.30; 80-34, Mrs. W. C. Bostwick, §18.50; 75-30, E. V. Neal, §34.15; 80-10, Frank M. Wagner, §47.75; 80-19, Peter M. Ward, §34.50; 70-18, Hugh J. O'Brien, §47.85; 80-17, Miss Lillian Belts, §34.90; 83-10, Miss Chrissa Katz, §38.40; 79-19, Miss Sadie B. Koeh- ler, §43.50; 75-17, .Airs, llcnrv Bader, §43.00; 83-19, Mrs. Maggie O'Neill, §49.25; 80-18, Cora Walters, §31.35: 83-14, E. G. Osgood, §43.35; 81-13, r". S. Collin.^ §18.75; 77-19, Mrs. 11. II. Martin, §34.15; 70-15, Alfred t^uinn, §19.37; 83-18, Mrs. Jno. R. Cassel, §18.75; 83-34, .Miss Maggie Conway, §31.47; 77-17, Miss Amie Rathbun, §10.15; 76-17, Mrs. Edwin Dalton, §38.40; 70-19, Leopold Rice, §10.10; 79-14, Chas. Dodson, §30.70; 78-13. Wni. Young, §4(t.35; 77-10, Chas. B. Elliot, §48.14: 79-10, Jno. Zoll. §19.75. Clotijixc; Depaut.mknt. — l(t7-ll, Jno. C. McCarthy, §05.00; 115-17, J. \\ . Harrison, §22.20; 105-11, Wm. Sassaman, §49.25; 105-12, Samuel Althoff, §34.90; 117-16, J. G. Atkinson, §94.80; 117-17, Jno. Stalder, §35.00; 111-14, Geo. Heitz, §35.75; 101-15, Mrs. E. McDaniel, §31.25; 108-12, Jos. E. McGregor, §28.50; 101-14, Wm. Henning, §31.45: 113-10, Hiram Simpson, §38.40: 114-11. Jno. H. Alvey, §17.60; 103-13, Henry Beaver, §33.50; 110-9, Albert Spillman, §35.35: 110-9, Jno. M. Stone, §35.45; 107-17, Alonzo Hicks, §35.30; 111-13, Samuel Halderman, §43.75; 110-17, Andrew J. Nellis, §95.75; 113-13, Benjamin New, §91.35; 108-10, Thos. Hawkins, §14.25; 117-12, J. J. Sweeney, §43.50; 110-10, Judson Brown, $21.75; 105-13, Mrs. Henry Bader, §19.25; 110-10, Fred. W. Townsend. §10.00; 113-17, J. A. Joseph, §45.50; 101-10, 3Irs. E. Nich- ols, §78.40: 113-14. William Noyes, §105.35; 108-11, Henry Kasser, §38.25; 110-8, Wm. Vandcrpool, §34.18; 114-10, C.L. Behrns, §37.75; 108-13, Mrs. Jno. R. Cassel, §37.75; 101-10, Ira P. Wetzel, §35.50; 103-11, Henry Kurtz, §31.75; 104-13, P:dward O'Connor, §135.50; 109-15, E. G. Osgood, §103.15: 114-13, M. C. Parker, §45.00; 113-13, A. J. Kin- neman, §19-75; 111-15, Frank M.Wagner, §35.50; 109-17, P. Cassidy, §47.83; 110-10, Ralph E. Cooke, §37.40; 103-14. H. J. Walker, §38.75; 109-14, L. L. Leaver, §47.80; 100-17, Mrs. H. H. Martin, §14.85; 103-13, S. P. Patton, §17.50; 107-10, Irving A. Penny, §11.40; 104-13, Mrs. G. W. Miner, §45.75; 103-11, Peter M. Ward, §35.35; 113-15, Henry Cooper, §45.55; 101-17, li. E. Eastwood, §21.75; 104-15, W. W. Watkins, §40.00; 100-14, Aug. :Morely, §33.75; 100-15, Leopold Rice, §14.35; 101-11. Wm. Young, §10.50; 103-10, Jno. B. Fowler, §43.75; 104-14, Jno. E. Eberhard, §33.43; 100-10, Jacob Froehlich, §75.00. Foot the columns of the Abstract of Time Sales sheets. Verify your footings and enter them in the Summary of Daily Sales as previously instructed. Prove the totals of the OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPINO. 145 department columns with the sales ledger totals, after which assemble the Abstract of Time Sales sheets and lay them aside as previously instructed. Cash Sales. Tiie cash sales are listed below. Enter them on the Abstract of Cash Sales sheets as previously instructed. Do not fail to record tiie clerk and sales ticket num- bers for each sale. Shok Department.— 5-17. nS-SO; 2-17, $7..80; 11-18, $14.75: 7-20, |i3.25; 15-17, «il7.40; 1-2G, *t.75; 10-20, $7.05; 12-25, $11.40; 0-10,110.50; 15-25,118.25; 3-14,113.51; 11-lt), $6.75; 4-34, $4.85; 8.20, $18.70; 9-17, $9.75; 15-24,811.40; 1-lS, $10.00; 12-19, $14.81; 4-14, $25.00; 10-13, $23.50; 2-10, $4.75; 15-19, $15.40; 10-25, $8.50; 9-18, $4.25; 7-10, $12.75; 12-18, $20.50; 8-18, $20.40; 13-22, $24.50; 3-10, $7.25; 14-25, $23.50; 10-10, $11.10; 1.5-20, $8.90; 1-21, $13.50; 9-37, $7.25; 11-20, $14.85; 2-30, $13.00; 7-17, $25.50; 11-27, $10.80; 14-19, $4.75; 5-34, $0.. 50; 11-33, $4.35; 4-17, $8.45; 2-18, $15.85; 9-21, $4.76; 7-25, $21.80; 6-17, $7.65; 12-10, $3.50; 7-31, $14.76; 11-30, $11.80; 3-33, $33.50; 12-32, $13.45; 8-19, $11.60; 6-35, $4.35; 13-18, $10.80; 9-15, $14.30; 13-35, $3.50; 3-13, $4.11; 14-16, $19.35; 10-34, $31.30; 9-10, $4.15; 15-18, $3.49; 7-13, $18.40; 11-31, $9.85; 10-17, $4.50; 15-33, $12.45; 1-19, $10.00; 3-25, $4.00; 13-17, $3.00; 9-34, $9.75; 12-30, $13.40; 3-21, $9.28; 3-32, $4.50; 3-17, $24.80; 14-30, $13.75; 8-30, $31.50; 4-33, $9.87; 3-37, $3.25; 9-25, $12.15; 1-27, $4.75; 14-24. $18.45; 5-23, $16.90; 15-27, $3.75; 14-20, $31.38; 0-18, $15.35; 4-25, $13.25; 2-20, $6.15; 5-10, $11.05; 8-14, $9.35; 12-24, $0.40; 13-20, $7.38; 14-18, $21.50; 1-33, $13.35; 15-10, $10.10; 10-15, $3.50; 9-30, $8.40; 5-35, $4.75; 7-19, $15.25; 3-20, $9.37; 11-17, $13.85; 8-15, $14.75; 4-26, $12.00; 3-15, $9.95; 0-15, $4.87; 13-31, $16.40; 11-34, $9.13; 7-30,-$13.45; 10-14, $4.95; 13-15, $11.15; 15-15, $15.50; 4-15, $18.35; 1-20, $11.-50; 12-20, $15.35; 9-19, $13.55; 8-10, $21.25; 11-16, $3.50; 7-18, $4.75; 13-21, $18.40; 4-37, $9.45; 6-14, $30.35. Glove Department.— 36-31, $4.50; 25-18, $10.25; 28-25, $7.80; 29-23, $14.80; 27-31, $30-35; 26-28, $7.60; 39-32, $11.48; 34-20, $9.81; 27-38, $7.35; 34-39, $6.35; 33-21, $4.20; 27-24, $19.30; 35-22, $12.45; 33-30, $16.20; 31-29, $11.15; 26-32, $7.35; 29-30, $24.50; 30-19, $5.75; 30-31, $4.'37; 20-29, $13.05; 28-32, $6.85; 28-23, $15.05; 27-25, $14.25; 32-37, $14.75; 35-33, $18.45; 30-20, $0.50; 31-31, $11.50; 34-24, $24.75; 25-26, $4.50; 35-24, $14.35; 33-23, $8.25; 30-32, $8.56; 29-36, $3.25; 30-33, $23.15; 34-30, $4. 32- 29- 35-3J 33-30, $16.40; 30-17, $4.35; 33-39, $9.00; 30-38, $11.50; 31-33, $13.40; 34-27, $18.00; 27-23, $4.75; 34-28, $3.35; 33-33, $18.45; 28-20, $15.25; 35-30, $4.35; 29-27, $6.75; 34^25, $9.50; 32-33, $11.50; 20-27, $10.12; 29-29, $4.03; 28-21, $15.25; 29-34, $12.80; 32-31, $4.60; 31-34, $18.45; 29-16, $11.03; 37-33, $25.50; 32-30, $4.75; 38-30, $12.40; 33-28, $3.60; 32-33, $6.40; 31-37, $19.60; 27-34, $20.10; 26-18, $4.50; 33-18, $24.50; 25-19, $18.20; 33-31, $12.40; 33-35, $4.25; 3.3-32, $10.12; 27-27, $4.60; 28-24, $4.75; 30-22, $3.50; 25-20, $12.40; 35-28, $11.15; 33-19, $4.85; 39-24, $7.03; 34-21, $8.45; 25-27, $15.50. 140 Ol-I-ICK KOUTINK AND Bt m iK K 1.1 11 .NG. Hat Dkpaktmk.nt.— 50--21, *0.::J0; 54---jy, *15.00; 5()-22, *6.75; 51-25, *ii. *G.83; 50-30, *a.85; 57-24, $8.54; 59-19, |!14.85; 52-24, $7.85; 59-18, *4. 110.70; 54-19, 84.75; 54-27, S12.85; 52-25, 8:21.10; 56-18, «!lO.SO; 53-29, §12. *5.25; 57-23, *(;.40; 52-29, *9..50; 50-19, §12.80; 50-20, §15.75; 52-10, 619.! §4.00; 00-28. §8.75; 54-28, §19.70; 59-27, §4.75; 50-28, §9.45; 55-20, §12.i §10.05; 58-21, §7.80; 51-29, §4.50; 58-22, §3.25; 55-21, §4.04; 00-20, §21.^ §11.00; 53-20, §15.50; 00-27, §9.80; 58-23, §11.40; 50-29, §10.25; 54-20, §12. §0.45; 58-24, §4.75; 53-21, §7.80; 54-31, §3.25; 00-17, §10.35; 52-23, §12. §4.50; 00-10, §3.50; 50-10, §31.25; 59-17, §6.70; 50-10, §18.50; 54-17, §7. §14.75; 57-15, §0.55; 60-15, §14.85; 59-16, §16.25; 50-17, §4.80; 50-28, §3. §7.25; 52-32, §4.10; 54-18, §0.25; 57-16, §8.47; 50-17, §16.80; 52-17, §4. §12.40; 57-22, §5.45; 59-15, §31.25; 53-30, §7.03; 57-17, §9.85; 56-32, §4. §18.45; 55-31, §16.70; 50-18, §9.40; 55-23, §18.50; 58-25, §14.75; 57-30, §25. §4.16; 55-30, §4.25; .53-22, §10.80; 60-31, §11.40; 55-24, §3.50; 00-20, §10. §4.20; 60-21, §5.20; 55-25, §7.49; 58-31, §19.75; 53-23, §18.60; 50-31, §4.' §8.75; 52-21, §14.50; 00-18, §3.50; 53-27, §12.00; 55-28, §11.75; 58-28, §12. §0.15; 53-20, §11.70; 58-27, §18.40; 57-20, §0.50; 55-20, §12.30; 57-21, §8. §10.40; 51-23, §7.35; 52-18, §12.00; 57-10, §9.75; 53-25, §8.05; 55-27, §7. §11.45; 53-24, §3.65; 52-19. §14.85; 50-27, §10.00. §44.84 §54.75 §14.80 §68.48 §19.85 §15.75 §14.50 §28.40 §10.50 §31.50 §10.00 §20.40 §95.10 §12.50 §19.10 §12,85 Dress Goods Depautmext. — 86-14, §10.25; 84-23, §14.55; 80-15, §11.08; 78-16, §24.43; 83-23, §40.75; 82-18, §18.91; 8.5-22, §10.25; 70-17, §28. 84-18, §12.15; 77-22, §10.00; 79-18, §97.00; 78-17, §14.55; 86-13, §19. 82-19, §21.55; 84-15, §19.25; 86-17, §11.08; 84-19, §16.45; 77-14, §11. 81-13, §18.90; 80-18, §11.50; 77-20, §25.40; 78-20, §11.21; 77-15, §93. 80-19, §14.50; 84-17, §84.75; 70-23, §14.40; 80-20, §15.40; 81-20, §11. 82-20, §14.15; 70-24, §30.85; 84-10, §8.40; 83-20, §17.00; 79-24, §13. 79-12, §10.00; 80-22, §12.40; 79-13, §10.50; 82-22, §21.75; 78-21, §25. 78-14, §8.75; 79-21, §53.50; 77-21, §12.00; 78-15, §11.75: 80-21: §12. 84-21, §45.00; 83-12, §85.25; 85-17, §10.25; 8-3-21, §14.75; 76-21, §45. 81-16, §18.40; 85-21, 49-50; 85-19, §12.00; 83-13, §17.04; 86-21, §11. 81-22, §12.45; 77-11, §24.85; 75-21, §27.45; 80-16, §16.84; 86-20, §7 80-22, §20.50; 77-12, §44.85; 75-19, §12.80; 81-15, §10.20; 80-15, §11. 85-20, §15.05; 78-23, §12.84; 70-12, §37.75; 80-14, §40.45; 79-22, §34. 75-22, §4.00; 70-22, §11.85; 81-23, §19.45; 76-13, §31.15; 83-22, §24. 85-13, §45.90; 81-21, §11.63; 81-17, §19.45; 83-16, §10.84; 85-14, §93. 82-21, §35.34; 75-15, §60.50; 85-15, §18.36; 81-10, §0.71; 85-16, §14. 76-15, §85.75; 83-14, §64.85; 76-16, §10.63; 83-15, §18.90; 70-14, §00. §8.75; 75-16, §16.40. Clothing Department.— 110-15, §25.00; 115-10, §45.75; 119-16, §49.20; 102-16, §24.75; 11.5-11, §50.20; 101-9, §18.50; 10-3-17, §12.75; 119-14, §15.40; 100-9, §24.90; 115-12, §75.75; 100-9, §84.73; 103-9, §10.85; 113-12, §24.70; 114-10, §18.46; 109-10, §19.15; 113-13, §17.45; 100-10, $8.00; 104-8, §10.25; 106-10, §14.50; 103-10, §29.50; 104-9, §11.50; 100-11, §18.25; 111-16, §4.50; 100-11, §15.00; 113-14, §18.45; 100-11, §11.90; 115-13, §20.15; 113-15, §31.50; 119-12, §18.75; 106-12, §24.25; 112-10, §17.88; 104-10, §4.5.00; 112-11, §10.95; 113-16, §38.30; 106-13, §10.35; 115-14, §48.15; 106-14, 116.75: 104-11. §00.35; 115-16, §11.45; 116-13, §24.80; 106-15, §17.60: 115-15, §18.00; .45; 66-20, 15; 50-19, .50; 51-21, 80; 5(>-27, 50; 53-19, 40; 55-22, .50; 52-31, 45; 51-24, 65; 52-22, .15; 51-22, 25; 59-28, 63; 57-18, .50; 58-26, .85; 59-30, 75; 58-32, .30; 52-20, .75; 50-26, 70; 60-19, .25; 80-23, .25; 79-23, .05; 77-13, .60; 76-20, .84; 79-20, .10; 81-14, .45; 84-20, .00; 75-13; .30; 75-14, .75; 85-18, .40; 85-12, .63; 84-22, .65; 75-23, .75; 78-22, .80; 80-13, .80; 81-18, 44; 78-18, .90; 78-19. OFFICE ROUTINE AND HOOKKEEPING. 147 106-16, $45.25; 108-15, $12.40; 113-10, $9.50; 108.14, $10.00; 110-12, $8.00; 102-15,118.45; 118-13, $19.00; 118-10, $23.85; 105-15, $17.63; 118-14, $10.50; 101-12, $26.80; 118-15, $46.20; 110-15, $9.40; 107-12, $20.15; 113-11, $19.45; 107-13, $29.50; 114-15, $18.24; 101-13, $28.40; 114-14, S19.25; 107-14, $11.50; 114-13, $10.85; 111-10, $35.50; 117-9, $45.75; 107-15, $22.70; 111-11, $40.20; 107-10, $45.25; 111-12, $18.50; 117-10, $17.63; 100-12, $15.25; 100-16, $20.40; 119-9, $18.95; 117-11, $14.30; 118-10, $10.10; 100-13, $19.50; 117-13, $71.81; 116-16, $8.00; 117-14, $16.80; 117-15, $9.15; 109-12, $12.74; 116-14, $38.30; 119-10, $22.75; 110-15, $35.00; 109-13, $17.75; 118-9, $10.95; 110-12, $19.45; 105-10, $11.65; 118-11, $18.00; 110-11, $48.75; 102-14, $29.50; 103-15, $10.85; 113-9, $45.75; 118-12, $46.20; 110-13, $19.50; 105-14, $16.80; 103-16, $22.75; 110-14, $35.00; 110-11, $17.75; 119-13, $12.50; 102-13, $85.50; 102-12, $60.15; 119-11, $16.40. Foot the money colmiiiis of the Abstract of Cash Sales sheets. \"erify your addition. Clerks' Daily Sales. Tlie daily footings of the Clcrl^9.7o; 2-3C, Frank Vick, «!l4.25: 10-34, Harvey Vincent, ii7.G-t; 12-27, .laco'ij Kroulilic-li, *12.S5: C-2C, Aug. Mordy, ij;U.80; 4-3G, Miss M. E. Frost, *7.40; 8-30, C. C. Waite, *8.40; 9-29, Mrs. Emma Wallace, 14.65; 1-39, Albert Gingle- bach, ^9.40; 7-3C, W. W. Watkiiis, $11.00; 10-38, Walter Reynolds, $12.25; 5-38, A. A. Weaver, $4.25: 9-39, Frank C. Glasser, $9.40; 5-27, L. V. Maurer, $10.50; 4-37, Valen- tine Kess, $19.24: 8-40, Jos. A. Webster, $9.30. Glove Depautmknt.— 35-42, Miss Susan Sniythe, $4.50; 30-48, Robt. D. McCoy, $14.75; 211-48, Frank R. Heatli, $9.(iO: 25-3G, Mrs. Geo. Anderson, $0.20; 28-48, Mrs. Emma Adams. $0.00; 33-35, C. W. Hammond, $4.25; 2G-47, Edwin McKenzie, $11.15; 2G-4C, (Jeo. X. Smith, $5.25: 25-49, Paul Scull, $4.75; 33-3G. E. J. McLain, $10.85; 31-30, Miss Mamie IMoNeill, $8.35; 2G-39, Alonzo Hicks, $3.60; 31-37, Geo. P. Bower, $0.40; 32-30, Jno. Hess, $9.50; 28-46, Peter McFetters. $4.75; 34-30, Frank Xaylor, $7.05: 35-30, Miss Frances M. Schreier, $4.50; 25-1, Jno. M. Small, $3.45; 31-46, Mrs. S. S, Xeff, $14.36; 33-46, Chas. Harrington, $9.84; 32-45, Miss Lillian Betts, $3.25; 27-36, Dr, C. M. Brucker, $3.50; 29-45, Samuel Halderman, $4.85; 33-45, J[rs. E. Xicliols. $9.80; 27-37, Albert Si)are, $4.64; 31-50, Benjamin Spring, $11.05; 28-45, Charles Xorthrop. $7.47; 34-46. Chas. Oakley, $4.21; 32-47, Walter Hallowell, $5.25; 33-44, Mrs. T. F. Cam])bi'll. $0.25; 34-37, Miss ]\[aggie Conway, $4.85; 34-35. William Jackson, $4.25; 3e-49, .^Ir.<. Maggie O'Xeill, $12.39; 28-35, Henry Kasscr, $7.50; 29-47, Ralph E. Cooke, $0.50; 30-46, Samuel Kelly, $7.45; 30-47, C. M. Palmer, $4.25; 32-37, Frank W. Page, $9.21; 33-1. J. J. Sweeney, $3.55; 27-49, Benton Thomas, $4.25; 32-46, 0. W. Perry, $4.15; 33-47, Jno, R. Kennedy, $4.75; 35-40, Henry Coojier, $5.25; 29-40, Lawrence Keifer, $0.50; 25-44, I). E. Parsons, $4.25; 25-43, Jos. Vernan, $4.75; 35-2, Frank Vick, 86.55; .35-37, Harvey Vincent, $3.10; 32-49, Irving A. Penny, $9.45; 34-47, Mrs. Emma Wallace, $8.24: 26-1, W. W. Walkins, $8.45; 28-47, Wm. Dobbins, $4.75; 25-45, F. J. Earl. $9.45: 31-48, Mrs. A. S. Klein, $5.25: 31-47, Chas. C. Quick, $4.75; 28-2, H. H. Wallerson, $3.15; 26-37, Jaysou Rumniel, $2.25; 31-38, 3[rs. William Emery, $12.70; 32-35, Miss Sarah Keim, S11.44; 28-34, Mrs. Wm. M. Frantz, $12.25; 34-48, A. A. Weaver, $4.15; 32-34. Jacob Frochlich, $6.25; 28-50, Jos. A. Webster, $8.40; 3.5-49, AValter Reynolds, $21.75; 26-38, Miss Sadie B. Koehler, $10.25; 33-43, Miss Mary Gilles, $3.50; 29-48, C. H. Remington, $19.75; 27-38, Jno. E. Ziegler, $11.15; 31-39, Silas Lai)ham, $4.80; 20-35, Frank C. Glasser, $4.50: 30-45, Geo. W. Martin, $12. 40; 28-30, M. M. Maho- ney, $4.20; 20-36, Herman Zumm, $3.20. Hat Depakt.mext. — 50-37, Julius Hanser, $4.50; 58-41, W. E. Schermerhorn, $10.35; 60-38, Edwin McKenzie, $5.60; 50-44, ^Mrs. Emma Adams, $9.50; 50-35, Geo. P. Bower, $3. .50; .5.5-32, Miss Mamie McXeill. $15.00; 57-44, Miss Frances M. Schreier, $12.45; 53-34, C. W. Hammond, $o.0(): 55-35, Donald M. Hepler, $1.25; 58-43, Miss Anna K. Seager, $15.00; 50-45, E. A. McMickle, $3.45; 00-39, George Bauer, $0.40: 51-44, Miss Lillian Betts, $4.50; 60-37, Peter McFetters, $3.50; 55-33, Walter Shearer, $4.25; 00-41, Mrs. J. G. Uinolf, $12.00; 50-38, Walter Hallowell, $3.40; 56-44, Jno. M. Small, $7.65; 52-44, Mre. S. S. Nefif, $4.75; 57-35, Dr. C. M. Brucker, $12..50; 55-36, Judson Brown, $4.50; 53-44, Miss Mabel Xeilson, $0.25; 53-31, Albert Spare, $13.13; 53-35, AVilliam Jackson, $2.75; 58-44, J. A. Joseph, $2.55; 58-42, Benjamin Spring, $6.70; 54-43, Mrs. E. Nichols, $4.50; 57-42, Albert A. Borton. $3.50: 57-36, Mrs. T. F. Campbell. $4.50; 57-32, Edward O'Connor, $4.75; 57-33, J. J. Sweeney, $7.05; 59-44, Edward Jessup, $4.85; 51-40, Mrs. A. S. Klein, $15.50; eO-42, Miss Lulu Tate, $12.47, 54-44, Jlrs. Maggie O'Neil, $5.35; 55-37, Frank Casper, $7.20; 57-43, I^Irs. Jno. R. Cassel, $6.80; 50-36, W. S. Osborn, $24.85; 53-32, Frank Vick, OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 151 $18.50; 53-36, Silas Laphani, 114.50; 58-40, Harry Vincent, ^7.65; 55-44, Frank W. Page, M.25; 60-40, Wm. Dobbins, S3. 35; 50-40, Chas. Dodson, $11.05; 59-31, D. E. Parsons, $5.50; 55-34, Mrs. Emma Wallace, $10.25; 58-39, M. M. Mahoney, 19.87; 57-34, Jos. A. Webster, $10.35; 58-45, Irving A. Penny, $15.85; 58-37, F. J. Earl, $12.45; 56-43, Chas. C. Quick, $10.50; 52-43, A. C. Yates, $9.75; 59-32, Jno. V. Redmond, $4.50; 60-45; Chas. B. Elliot, $7.80; 60-44, Mrs. William M. Frantz, $4.50; 53-33, Jos. E. Ziegler, $13.45; 50-39, Aug. Morley, $5.25; 51-39, Geo. E. Munson, $5.75; 54-45, C. H. Remington, $6.55; 57-31, Walter Reynolds, $11.25; 55-38, Miss M. E. Frost, $14.25; 58-38, Albert Ginglebach, $4.50; 51-41, Valentine Ress, $15.67; 51-38; Theodore Oilles, $4.75; 58-49, Frank 0. Glasser, $10.05. Dress Goods Depajitment. — 75-25, Martin Schneider, $28.50; 79-31, Miss Mary Amb- ler, $14.90; 79-34, Julius Hanser, $21.25; 77-35, Robt. D. McCoy, $112.35; 81-36, Mrs. E. McDaiiiel, $33.35; 82-27, Donald M. Hepler, $31.24; 81-24, Jno. H. Alvey, $36.90; 85-38, Miss Frances M. Schreier, $45.25; 85-36, Miss Anna K. Seager, $17.64; 75-36, Geo. P. Bower, $23.55; 86-35, Geo. W. Jones, $16.35; 77-36, Ed. McCormick, $29.90; 79-36, Geo. McFarlan. $48.55; 84-35, Jno. R. Kennedy, $21.75: 81-30. George Bauer, $14.20; 81-25, Miss Anna Spencer, $31.15; 79-32, Fred W. Tbwnsend, $24.25; 84-28, Judson Brown, $9.80; 77-25, Lawrence Kiefer, $11.12; 82-25, E. J. McLain, $11.84; 82-36, Miss Mamie McNeil, $37.75; 80-26, Mrs. A. S. Klein, $50.25; 80-25, Albert A. Borton, $12.25; 85-26, Mrs. T. F. Campbell, $26.50; 78-27, Harvey Vincent, $14.25; 83-27, Mrs. Jno. R. Cassel, $12.45; 86-33, Miss Sadie B. Koehler, $14.65; 70-25, Frank ISTaylor, $46.45; 79-33, Benjamin New, $75.35; 78-26, Chas. Lake, $41.85; 84-27, P. Cassidy, $18.45; 82-37. A. A. Weaver, $28.50; 78-25, C. G. Davis, $90.80; 85-33, Geo. W. Martin, $35.05; 82-20, Mrs. E. Nichols, $28.30; 86-32, Solomon Erb, $24.37; 81-35, Chas. Oakley, $98.25; 85-32, A. Messingor, $34.10; 75-35, F. J. Earl, $24.15; 77-26, Edward O'Connor, $117.80; 83-30, Jno. R. Fell, $24.75; 85-27, A. C. Yates, $20.75; 86-36, Miss Mary Gilles, $51.40; 8-3-28, Aug. Morley, $05.05; 83-29, C. M. Palmer, $42.50; 75-37, Theodore Gilles, $24.95; 84-30, 0. W. Perry, $14.20; 84-29, Herman Znmm. $19.45; 83-30, Chas. C. Quick, $24.48; 78-28, C. H. Rem- ington, $24.80. Clothing Department.— 104-17, Robt. 1). McCoy, $121.00; 105-21, Geo. P. Bower, $42.50; 112-22, Geo. N. Smith, $18.50; 102-18, Frank R. Heath, $41.40; 112-19, Jno. Hess, $18.00; 119-23, Walter Shearer, $74.80; 108-21, George Bauer, $31.50; 104-24, Edwin McKcnzie, $19.80; 103-24, E. J. McLain, $45.65; 110-20, Mrs. W. C. Bostwick, $22.50; 110-19, Jno. M. Small, $19.98; 105-18, Walter Hallowell, $21.75; 109-23, Wui. Liman, $37.45; 114-20, Benjamin Spring, $29.35; 112-23, Frank Casper, $19.80; 107-18, Wm. Dobbins, $14.05; 100-21, E. A. McMickle, $27.80; 109-24, Peter McFetters, $51.45; 114-21, Chas. Dodson, $37.87; 110-18, Paul Steele, $56.45; 114-17, Wm. Jackson, $18.00; 105-19, Geo. W. Jones, $98.25; 108-20, Walter W. Stern, $46.20; 103-22, AV. AV. Earnest, $19.70; 102-25, Mrs. S. S. Neff, $43.50, 100-22, Chas. Northrop, $31.20; 115-24, Geo. Engert, $21.75; 119-24, Benton Tiiomas, $18.00; 115-23, Wm. Johnson, $25.50; 118-23, Edward Jessup, $24.25; 103-23, Jno. M. Utz, $25.95; 107-19, Geo. Eaton, $37.65; 118-24, William Nye, $41.73; 114^22, W. S. Osborn, $03.64; 101-19, Chas. B. Elliott, $37.85; 105-22, Jos. Vernan, $22.75- 101-25, Samuel Kelly, $35.50; 114-19, C. C. Waite. $28.50; 102-19, Jno. R. Fell, $15.50; 116-22, Frank W. Page, $32.25; 108-18, O. \V. Perry, $49.48; 114-18, Gustav Fisher, $24.25; 112-21, Mrs. Emma Wallace, $31.50; 100-20, Jno. R. Kennedy, $34.20; 105-20, Wm. B. Knight, $24.85; 104-10, H. H. Watterson, $18.40; 101-18, M. M. Mahoney, $48.75; 116-23, A. A. Weaver, $19.00; 112-2(», Dr. D. S. (;oble, $29.70; 106-23, 15i Ol-KICE RDUTINK AND IJOOKKEEIMNG. D. E. Fiirson.s, ^.Jo.od; 102-20, Frank C. Glusscr, *21.25; lOC-24, Jos. A. Webster. $20.15: 108-17, A. Mos.siiij;er, *-i5.20; 103-21, Mrs. Lottie Mitchell, *C.50; 108-19, Jno. \'. Ued- mond, *il8.00; 102-17, Geo. E. Munson, *44.70; 104-25, Walter Reynolds, $75.00. Enter tlie footings of the Abstract of Time Sales sheets in the Summary of Daily Sales as j)reviously instructed. Find the total time sales for eacli Sales Ledger and also for each department. Lay aside tlie Abstract of Time Sales sheets. Casli Sales, llecord the cash sales listed below as iireviously instructed. SnoK Dei-aktmkxt.— 0-29, $15.40: 10-31, *4.75; 8-31, $0.75; 5-30, $4.50; 7-34, $20.50 4-28, $12.80; 2-37, $14.75: 9-30, $3.25; 1-34, $17.40; 5-31, $4-75; 5-37, $7.65; 11-35 $11.40; 13-33, $10.50; 2-31, $18.25; 15-35, $20.50; 9-34, $13.51; 3-34^ $0.75; 13-37, $4.80 10-30, $18.70; 14-35, $9.75; 9-35, $15.40; 11-34, $10.00; 14-30, $14.84; 1-29, $25.30; 2-32 $18.75; 13-38, $3.50; 13-32, $7.25; 1-38, $14.35; 14-27, $11.80; 8-38, $9.80; 11-28, $7.63 14-31, $12.47; 4-.35, $9.74; 12-32, $10.47; 8-37, $20.40; 14-37, $0.50; 0-34, $12.75 12-33, $4.25; 10-29, $18.40: 4-29, $4.80; 13-27, $7.15; 12-34, $9.10; 6-35, $10.12; 13-20 $4.95; 8-32, $9.25; 0-30, $11.15; 12-37, $23.24; 9-32, $9.45; 1-35, $4.49; 3-29, $13.45 2-38, $15.35; 9-31, $29.74; 7-33, $18.40; 12-38, $14.50; 4-34, $16.40; 9-33, $12.20; 13-34^ $14.30; 5-32, $14.50; 2-30, $13.50; 14-34, $1 1.50; 0-33, $7.75; 5-30, $4.80; 15-37, $12.80 3-33, $10.10; 15-30, $4.25; 1.3-30, $15.00; 8-35, $18.25; 10-26, $23.00; 7-28, $24.35 15-30, $10.30: 10-27, S9.45; 11-29, $7.15; 7-29, $11.65; 11-30, $10.37; 10-28, $9.40 1-30, $13.75; 11-31, $14.50; 14-32, $22.50; 15-31, $4.90; 4-30, $12.85; 15-32, $19.47 8-39, $10.00; 15-38, $13.35; 8-30, $17.03; 4-39, $20.40; 15-33, $12.85; 13.39, $24.60 4-31, $9.75; 0-31, $14.35; 14-33, $12.75; 11-33, $4.80; 3-30, $7.65; 1-36, $24.75; 15-34 $19.80; 0-32, $4.75; 12-30, $8.90; 4-33, $12.40; 7-31, $9.15: 7-32, $12.45; 2-28, $18.45 3-31, $25.30; 8-33, $12.75; 5-33, $21.25; 2-29, $11.05; 8-34, $9.99; 3-32, $3.50; 5-34 $4.75; 1.3-35, $19.80; 12-35,815.00; 11-32, $12.50; 4-32, $18.45; 7-30, $7.05; 5-35, $4.25 2-27, $14.85; 1-31, $20.75. Glove Dep.vktmext.— 34-42, 87.85; 29-40, $12.20; 25-38, $4.25; 27-47, $11.40^ 29-49, $7.25; 2S-44, $18.30; 33-3, $9.80; 28-41, $7.35; 32-44, $12.25; 34-40, $4.04; 26-42, $3.45; 27-42, $4.75; 33-39, $0.25; 29-50, $9.50; 25-39. $5.25; 27-50, $18.40; 28-49, $14.75; 30-39, $10.27; 33-40, $8.45; 26-49, $16.25; 26-43, $4.50; 34-50, $10.70; 34-39, $8.15; 29-36, $12.84; 29-1, $3.25; 31-43, $8.40; 25-48, $10.48; 29-2, $34.10; 31-44, $3.00; 25-50, $9.50; 29-37, $4.75; 35-50, $11.50; 34-43, $12.40; 28-39, $5.25; 3-5-1, $14.85; 32-41, $25.50; 35-45, $27.45; 29-38, $5.25; 33-2. $0.40; 25-47, $11.20; 33-50, $4.95; 35-38, $12.00; 34-1, $10.19; 28-40, $4.75; 25-37, $14.75; 29-41, $18.45; 20-40, $6.50; 30-37, $11.50; 33-37, $4.75; 27-40, $4..50; 33-38, $14.25; 29-42, $4.75; 32-43, $21.50; 27-41, $9.50; 20-41, $4.80; 27-48, $10.47; 28-37, $10.12; 30-30, $6.55; 32-38, $3.10; 25-42, $14.85; 32-48, $9.47; 30-43, $0.34; 29 43, $10.45; 33-48, $4.25; 31-40, $20.25; 32-39, $7.00; 29-35, $10.75; 34-34, $11.15; 30-44, $4.50; 34-38, $12.45; 30-38, $5.00; 32-40, $18.75; 31-41, $10..50; 27-39, $11.40; 35-43, $8.45; 34-44, $9.75; 35-47, $3.40; 29-44, $9.10; 35-48, $12.80; 28-38, $19.20; 25-2, $0.25; 31-42, $4.30; 20-50, $11.90; 35-44, $14.03; 2.5-4i;, $7.00; 28-1, $9.45; 34-45, $18.80; 31-1, $12.00; 30-41, $4.50; 31-49, $9.45, 27-40, $0.40; :55.41, $00.50; 33-49, $15.10; 28-43, $18.20; 32-50, $25.49; 30-40, $10.48: 20-45, $4.20; 35-40, $8.90; 32-42, $7.50; 28-42, $12.15; 30-50, $18.45; 27-43, $3.50: 34-49, $2.75; 25-40, $14.85; 33-41, $21.50; 29-39, $4.90; 34-41, $11.75; 27-44, $0.50; 35-39, $9..30; 31-45, $12.84; 20-44, $4.75; 33-42, $9.35; 30-42, $11.10; 27-45, $.3.25; 25-41, $7.45; 20-2, $13.35; 25-3, $9.85; 27-1, $7.00; 28-3, $8.25; 29-3. $12.00; 30-1, $9.50; 31-2, $8.2.5. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 158 Hat Department.— 53-41, $G.70; 57-46,^12.47; 53-42, $12.40; 54-40,131.50; 56-41, $6.70; 56-42,- $10.00; 51-31, $9.75; 53-43, $4.60; 53-46, $10.50; 51-32, $18.50; 59-38, $4.50; 51-46, $3.35; 54-32,17.65; 60-34, $12.15; 55-41, $9.55; 60-33, $4.37; 51-33,17.63; 59-39, $8.95; 55-42, $14.85; 54-33, $11.10; 55-43, $4.25; 59-40, $0.91; 56-33, $10.25; 50-47, $12.20; 54-34, $9.25; 52-47, $5.00; 54-47, $4.00; 56-34, $5.29; 56-47, $14.25; 50-43, $4.25; 54-35, $7.63; 56-35, $3.50; 58-47, $12.50; 52-35, $7.65; 60-47, $19.27; 57-41, $8.95; 60-48, $12.50; 56-30, $11.40; 56-48, $5.45; 57-40, $8.47; 52-48, $4.25; 56-37, $16.80; 59-46, $9.55; 52-30, $12.40; 50-46, $8.75; 50-32, $11.50; 51-45, $5.00; 52-46, $6.25; 60-43, $4.75; 53-45, $11.00; 52-41, $5.85; 54-40, $11.41; 00-35, $3.45; 60-36, $14.91; 54-41, $4.75; 52-42, $19.70; 50-33, $21.10; 5.5-45, $18.25; 59-33, $3.25; 55-40, $8.54; 54-42, $4.25; 59-34, $11.40; 51-42, $4.50; 59-35, $15.25; 52-45, $4.04; 50-34, $13.45; 59-36, $10.80; 50-45, $4.50; 51-43, $12.50; 59-37, $14.50; 56-40, $0.40; 50-41, ^4.75; 57-45, $10.05; 52-33, $7.80; 53-37, $21.40; 57-37, $8.75; 58-46, $11.70; 50-42, U.3o; 57-38, $16.41; 53-38, $12.25; 55-40, $24.50; 57-39, $21.10; 53-39, $18.26; 55-39, $11.80; 60-40, $19.60; 53-40, $3.60; 59-45, $14.20; 52-34, $3.65; 54-48, $15.00; 52-39, $8.75; 53-47, $11.45; 56-40, $6.83; 54-39, $5.85; 58-33, $8.54; 57-47, $19.20; 52-40, $14.85; 58-48, $7.65; 56-39, $4.15; 58-34, $11.70; 51-47, $4.75; 51-34, $12.85; 58-35, $21.10; 54-37, $10.80; 50-48, $12.50; 54-38, $9.50; 59-41, $8.00; 54-36, $11.40; 59-42, $4.60; 51-35, $8.75; 50-49, $4.75; 51-36, $9.45; 59-43, $10.05; 56-38, $12.50; 54-49, $7.80; 52-37, $4.35; 60-32, $11.60; 52-38, $15.50; 58-36, $10.25; 51-37, $3.25. y Dkess Goods Department.— 75-24, $17.64;^82-24, $28.50; 84-34, $14.80; 79-28, $9.63; 80-34, $15.40; 85-23, $18.35; 77-27, $9.24; 79-29, $16.41; 77-28, $14.50; 80-35, $18.47; 79-30, $15.35; 84-26, $12.84; 75-29, $10.38; 85-24, $9.25; 82-23, $10.50; 80-30, $18.40; 85-25, $25.50; 75-30, $14.75; 79-37, $10.10; 82-31, $15.84; 80-31, $18.30; 77-29, $12.80; 76-35, $14.25; 86-34, $30.40; 80-^'6, $28.70; 81-34, $16.34; 82-32, $12.85; 77-30, $11.63; 82-33, $14.27; 80-28, $12.80; 84-24, $24.50; 70-30, $12.60; 77-31, $24.85; 80-29, $7.00; 82-34, $12.20; 83-26, $14.50; 77-32, $64.25; 84-25, $22.80; 82-35, $12.24; 86-26, $16.80; 77-33, $4.50; 76-31, $24.50; 84-36, $17.40; 83-25, $12.30; 75-26, $17.64; 81-27, $29.38; 84-33, $10.50; 82-29, $12.40; 85-30, $49.75; 76-26, $44.85; 81-28, $10.12; 85-29, $18.47; 75-27, $45.75; 82-28, $48.03; 78-29, $22.50; 76-27, $39.70; 75-28, $18.36; 81-29, $12.24; 84-31, $16.40; 78-30, $10.20; 84-32, $12.50; 77-23, $18.30; 83-31, $15.70; 79-35, $24.75; 83-32, $19.38; 78-31, $21.70; 80-23, $28.05; 82-30, $35.30; 76-28, $18.46; 83-33, $12.24; 77-24, $27.60; 78-32, $24.85; 80-24, $17.40; 83-34, $10.81; 80-27, $28.70; 85-31, $59.75; 78-33, $10.81; 83-35, $44.60; 76-29, $48.47; 86-37, $19.76; 8.5-34, $25.60; 84-37, $20.00; 85-35, $18.40; 77-34, $23.80; 76-36, $27.60; 86-25, $40.75; 77-37, $12.36; 78-24, $37.85; 79-26, $14.80; 86-38, $16.20; 79-27, $12.85; 80-28, $10.75; 76-34, $24.25; 80-29, $19.45; 80-30, $0.81; 79-38, $18.50; 80-31, $24.85; 75-38, $v'3.75; 78-35, $10.12; 80-32, $31.15; 81-36, $10.87; 79-25, $14.50; 80-33, $19.45; 81-31, $11.63; 75-31, $24.70; 76-33, $18.00; 81-32, $12.81; 80-27, $21.90; 75-32, $17.03; 81-33, $14.40; 78-34, $24.85; 75-33, $19.81; 76-32, $17.46; 75-34, $11.05. Clothing Department. — 111-17, $11.65; 111-18, $24.80; 118-17, $17.00; 110-17, $01.10; 119-17, $35.00; 117-20, $18.30: 110-18, $48.70; 118-18, $90.30; 119-18, $18.00; 111-19, $20.50; 117-21, $13.00; 104-22, $48.50; 118-19, $10.00; 100-25, $12.50; 115-18, $41.20; 117-22, $39.50; 108-25, $19.36; 115-19, $81.90; 110-25, $112.70; 104-23, $40.50; 106-18, $21.25; 100-25, $42.85; 111-24, 198.90; 112-25, $14.30; 115-20, $18.75; 114-24, $16.44; 116-19, $80.50; 100-19, $75.25; 119-19, $14.00; 100-20, $11.74; 114-25, $21.20; 106-20, $38.45; 117-24, $50.00; 117-18, $28.50; 117-26, $17.60; 119-25, $21.75; 117-19, 154: (JlKICE ROUTINE AND bUdKK EEl'ING. *28.4U; 102---iO. *TS.45: 118-20, *S4.0O: 110-21, filG.20; 103-25. $50.80; 105-25, *;12.45: 105-20. *2r.70: llG-20, ^10.00; 100-17. *75.00; 110-22, «;14.75;. 113-21, *16.84: 111-22, $98.40; 107-25, *12.00; 108-23, |i70.15; 113-20, $18.00; 110-23, $22.25; 111-21, $04.70; 108-24. $35.45; 10.5-23, $10.75; 101-23, $10.40; 109-18, $00.50; 110-24, $45.75; 105-24, $41.50; 100-18, $18.47: 109-19, $71.15; 102-24, $28.40; 105-10, $17.04; 109-20, $38.45: 113-22, $10.00; 100-24, $30.25; 10.5-17, $19.75; 101-24, $12.40; 115-21, $29.80; 113-23, $11.45; 100-19, $25.00; 103-18, $18.47; 100-21, $08.48; 110-20, $12.80; 111-23, $19.74: 104-20, $33.05; 118-22, $40.05; 113-24, $28.50; 115-22, $14.75; 109-21, $19.89; 118-21, $29.90; 103-19, $48.75; 104-21, $52.85; 107-20, $12.40; 103-20, $11.05; 109-25, $80.70; 110-20, $14.25; 112-20, $17.40; 110-21, $12.00; 101-20, $44.50; 108-22, $18.75; 110-24, $10.83; 102-21, $19.25; 112-24, $34.45; 117-23, $25.85; 101-21, $19.75; 111-20, $12.50; 102-22, $81.48; 107-20, $29.80; 101-22, $12.40; 113-18, $09.75; 102-23, $3.5.80; 107-21, $97.00; 100-22, $48.85; 107-22, $50.05; 113-19, $91.75, 119-22, $7.04; 104-18, $12.85; 107-23, $38.45; 110-25, $21.20; 114-23, $75.00; 100-23, $87.50; 107-24, $17.90; 117-25, $12.48; 108-10. $7.00; 119-21. $24.75; 112-18, $98.04; 109-22, $11.75; 112-17. $10.80; 104-19, $25.00. Find tlie total casli sulos for oaoli deiiartinent. Virify your addition. Clerks' Daily Sales. iMitir thr daily totals nf tlie Clerks" Siunmary sheets listed below as i)revioiisly instructed. Clerk 1, $233.04; 2, $109.05, 3, $110.00; 4, $153.48; 5, $89.70; 0, $102.27; 7, $140.00; 8, $170.95; 9, $149.85; 10, $152.30; 11, $110.05; 12, $138.81; 13, $140.55; 14, $140.70; 15, $150.07; 2.5, $149.13; 20, $127.95; 27, $121.21; 28, $180.30; 29, $197.20; 30, $150.03; 31. $157.25; 32, $192.00; 33, $1.57.84; 34, $159.93; 35, $229.49; 50, $104.15; 51, $140.35; 52, $135.14; .53, $184.73; 54, $108.89; 55, $155.09; 50, $141.12; 57, $179.15; 58, $178.41; 59, $130.81; 00, $158.12; 75, $327.01; 70, $330.-59; 77, $495.00; 78, $334.58; 79, $321.25; 80, $301.88; 81, $331.04; 82, $370.30; 83, $298.70; 84, $235.45; 85, $404.90; 80, $325.48; 100, $373.40; 101, $227.55; 102, $409.73; 103, $233.47; 104, $448.15; 10.5, $339.89; lOU, $322.78: 107, $317.10; 108, $341.09; 109, $371.34; 110, $320.03; 111, $357.19; 112, $299.09; 113, $240.29; 114, $314.25; 11.5, $233.05; 110, $311.78; 117, $233.69; 118, $337.83; 119, $227.34. Find tlie footings of eticli department; also the total for the day. Xext find tlie total for the montli. Verify your work. Cashier's Statements. Knter the casli receipts and jKiyineuts listed below as previ- ously instructed. Reckii'TS. Sales Ledycnt. -Miss Mary Ambler, $23.55; .T. W. Ilanison, $25.(iO; Kd. McCormick, $22.30; Kobt. D. McCoy, $150.00; Wni. Sassanian, $100.00; Frank K. Heath, $50.00; J. G. Atkinson, $94.80; Geo. McFarlan, $15.25; Miss Pauline Sale, $21.02; Mrs. Emma Adams, $24.25; Julius llanser, $17.05; Jno. H. Alvey, $25.60; Tlios. j\[eElwain, $52.70; .Miss Susan Smylhe, $50.90; Jos. E. McGregor, $47.90; C. W. Hammond, $54.75; Geo. P. Bower, $9.50; Wm. llenning, $31.55; Burton E. McGuire, $11.90; Kichard Smythe, $20.75; .Martin Schneider, $11.15; Edwin McKenzie, $35.50; Jno. Stalder, $30.50; B. W. Hayden, $21.90; Geo. Bauer, $17.95; Chas. Ilarriugton, $41.00; Mrs. W. C. Bostwick, $23.70; Jno. M. McKinley, $25.00; Albert E. Shaw, $40.40; Miss Ella McMaster, $30.50; Samuel Ilalderman, $01.00; Miss Lillian Betts, $24.90; E. A. McMickle, *;31.21; Walter Shearer, $13.20; E. V. Ncal, $57.25; Judson Brown, $24.25; Walter Ilallowell, $30.75; Albert A. Borton, $21.00; Edwin Short, $13.25; Geo. N. Nash, $20.00: Miss Sadie Harlan, $53.95; C. I., liehrns. $35.00; Benjamin New, $125.00; Hiram Simpson, $45.00; INIrs. E. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 155 Nichols, $88.95; Clarence W. Campbell. «!31.50; Mrs. M. Jacobs, *17.3.5; A. B. Jennings, $28.15; K. S. Collins, $50.00; Chas. Northorp, $50.00; Albert Spillman, $31.75; Wm. Noyes, $113.99; Walter Kane, $15.50; Henry Kasser, $33.00; Mrs. Jno. R. Cassel, $55.70; William Nye, $-25.00; Paul Steele, $20.48; Ciias. Oakley, $44.11; Jno. M. Stone, $43.08; Hugh J. O'Brien, $53.10; J. J. Sweeney, $43.50; J. E. M. Keller, $29.45; P. Cassidy, $59.33; Miss Chrissa Katz, $47.10; Miss Maggie Conway, $55.00; Kdward O'Connor, $125.50; Fred. W. Townsend, $2(5.05; Geo. W. Ottiiiger. $10.85; Jno. M. Utz, $23.75; Mrs. Maggie O'Neill, $49.25; Wm. Vanderpool, $50.00; Mrs. H. W. Dickinson, $40.01; Samuel Kelly, $17.15; Chas. Dodson, $35.71; W. S. Osborn, $19.50; J. A. Vanderbelt, $36.00; C. G. Davis, $75.00; Jno. R. Kennedy, $3.5.00; W. AV. Earnest, $25.37; A. J. Kin- neman, $34.25; Solomon Erb, $10.50; Frank Krauss, $10.00; F. J. Earl, $30.40; Wm. B. Knight, $30.95; Chas. B. Elliot, $50.00; M. C. Parker, $51.50; Jos. Vernan, $30.00; D. E. Parsons, $25.00; Jacob Froehlich, $75.00; Miss Sadie B. Koehler, $83.25; Prank Vick, $55.00; Gustav Fisher, $23.25; R. G. Laird, $30.55; Harvey Vincent, $30.00; Irving A. Penny, $15.90; Adam Vogel, $38.98; Alfred Qainn, $39.47; Frank M. Wagner, $93.50; L. L. Leaver, $40.50; Jno. B. Fowler, $48.40; Chas. Lake, $43.75; Mrs. A. K. Gilbert, $38.35; Leopold Rice, $53.55; C. C. AVaite, $40.00; Miss Amie Rathbun, $48.40; Mrs. H. H. Martin, $43.35; Dr. D. S. Goble, $31.75; Valentine Ress, $10.00; Peter M. Ward, $69.33; A. Messinger, $30.65; Miss Mary Gilles, $35.80; Mrs. G. W. Miner, $35.00; Cora W^ilters, $50.30; A. A. Weaver, $25.00; Jno. V. Redmond, $25.00; August Morley, $33.75; Theo. Gilles, $14.80; Frank Zimmer, $30.15; Jno. Zoll. $31.15; L. V. Maurer. $13.20; Herman Zunim, $35.10. General Ledger. Enter the following on a Receijits-General Ledger sheet. Miss Josie Nicolay, $76.40; Chas. F. Marting, $50.00; Cyrus Van AVinkle, $9.30; S. E. Walters, $32.65; Geo. Noble, $75.00; J. W. Brady, $19.23; Joseph Schwartz, $36.50; Albert Bassett, $50.00. Payments. — (reweraZ Ledger. The following accounts have been paid in full; make a full record of them on a Payments-General Ledger sheet. Utz & Dunn, Rochester Hat Co., J. W. Riddle, Boston Glove Co. Purchase Ledger. On a Payments- Purcliase Ledger sheet enter all accounts that are to be paid to-day to be entitled to a discount. Enter the footings of all the detailed statements on tlie Cashier's Abstract Statement and find the balance of cash. As General Bookkeeper you will now verify the cashier's statements. Enter the items on the Cashier's Abstract Statement in the Abstract Cash Account. Lay aside the statements. Enter the footings of the Abstract of Cash Sales sheets in the Summary of Daily Sales and ascertain the total cash sales. Foot the department columns of the Summary of Daily Sales in red ink. Next add the red ink footings to ascertain the monthly totals. Compare the footings and monthly totals with the footings and monthly totals of the Clerks' Daily Sales record. Rejiort any discrepancies that you may find to tiie teacher. Place the Abstract of Time Sales sheets in the proper envelopes. Adjust the interest on the partners' investments. {See pagen S3 ami 117.) Posting. Preparatory to posting, foot and rule tlie credit column of the Purchase Ledger, the Department Cliarges form and the Abstract Cash Account. Post to the General and Purchase Ledgers as previously instructed. Post the totals of the Sales Ledgers from the Summary of Daily Sales to the proper accounts in the General Ledger. Post the total sales of each merchandi.se dei)artment to iia proper account in the General Ledgei-. Ijike- 156 OKKICE ROUTINE AND 1500KKEEPIXG. ■wise iiost till- totiil ])ui-cli:i.scs as fouiKl in tlie Deparlnu-nt Cliiirges form. Post the footings of tlie coliitnns of tlie Abstract Ca.sli Account, that are necessary to be posted, to the proiter accounts in (lie General Ledger. The footing of the Discount column is jwsted to tlie debit of the Purchase Leilger account and to the credit of Merchandise Discounts account in the (ienenil Ledger. Post the total amount of ])urcliases to the Purchase Ledger account in the General Ledger. Have you placed the ledger folio before all items that you have posted ? Check over your jiostiiig. P'ile all documents in the proper receptacles. Abstract of Purchase and Sales Ledgers. Li business the bookkeepers of the various sub-ledgers render aljstracts of their Ledgers to the General Bookkeeper at the time of taking a trial balance or oftencr. Below are given the balances of the accounts in the various .Sales Ledgers, from which you will write up abstracts on the blanks furnished for that jnirpose. You will also make an abstract of the accounts in the Purchase Ledger that liave not been ])aiil. The total of each abstract should equal the balance of its ledger account in the General Ledger. If a discreiiancy exists you will be oldigcd to locate it before taking a trial balance. A TO G S.\LES Ledgkk. Samuel Althoff, §27.05; Mrs. Geo. Anderson, *66.00: J. G. Atkinson, $76.10; Mrs. Emma Adams, §28.30; Jno. H. Alvey, $36.90; Henry Beaver, $53.55; Geo. P. Bower, $811.55; George Bauer, $61.10; ilrs. W. C. Bostwick, $29.90; Miss Lillian Betts, $17.75; Dr. C. M. Brucker. $16.00; JiuLson Brown, $26.30; Albert A. Borton. $25.25; Mrs. Henry Bader, $69.35; C. L. Behrns. $14.25; Mrs. T. F. Campbell, $47.75; K. S. Collins, $16.25; Frank Casper, $35.50; Mrs. Jno. R. Cassel, $19.25; P. Cassidy, $18.45; Miss Maggie Conway. $18.62; Ralph K. Cooke. $40.29; Henry Cooper. $28.80; J. W. Clark, $18.93; Wm. Dobbin.s, $42.40; Mrs. Kdwiii Dalton, $41. ("o; C. O. Dinwiddie, $23.45: Clias. Dodsoii, $48.92; C. G. Davis, $37.95; W. \V. Kaniest, $23.33; Solomon Erb, $21 72; Geo. Engcrt. $29.<;0; F. J. Earl, $23.45; (Jeo. Eaton, $69.45; Chas. B. Elliot. $43.79; H. E. Eastwood, $41.75; Mrs. Wm. Emery, $40.35; Jno. Eberhard, $20.00; Mrs. Wm. M Frantz, $26.50; Miss Euphemia Faucctt, $5.73; Jacob Froehlich, $19.10; Jno. R. Fell, $43.75; Gustav Fisher, $24.25; Miss M. E. PVost, $21.65; Albert Ginglebach, $13.90; Jno. 5L Gleason, $27.04; Clia.s. K. Gibson, $25.50; Dr. D. S. Goble. $29.70; Miss Mary Gilles, $26.00; Theo- dore Gilles, $29.70; L. K. Grainger, $9.75; Frank C. Glasser, $45.20. H TO M S.u.Ks L:-:iKii:K. J. \V. Harrison, $0.70; Frank R. Heath. $8.45; Julius Hanser, $25.75; Geo. Heitz, $2.5.75; C. W. Hammond, $9.25; Donald U. ]iei)ler, $43.49; Alonzo Hicks, $26.40; Jno. Hess, $41.25; Chas. Harrington, $9.84; Mrs. J. G. Hinolf. $35.05; Samuel Halderman, $4.85; Thos. Hawkins, $19.00; Walter Hallowell. $12.15; Miss Sadie Harlan, $5.(10; William Iiinian, $47.45; Win. Jackson. $25.00; J. A. Jose])h, $22. .55; Geo. AV. .lones. $114.60; Win. Johnson, $57.00; Edward Jessup, $41.60; Mrs. C. W. Jefferson, $38.75; Walter Kane. $6.25; Henry Kasser. $16.75; Henry Kurtz, $20.35; Chas. Kaehler, $24.75; Samuel Kelly. $42.95; Henry Kempt", $10.00; Jno. R. Kennedy, $48.50; Lawrence Kiefer, $17.68; A. J. Kinnemaii, $21.25; Mrs. A. S. Klein, $82.48; Miss Sarah Keim, $14.44; Frank Krauss, $9.2(1; Wm. B. Knight, $29.J(); Miss Sadie B. Koehler, $24.90; Silas Laithani. $25.55; L. L. Leaver, $33,19; Chas. Lake, $41.85; H. B. Lehman, $18.55; Geo. W. .Martin. $55.,s(i: M. M. Malioney, $75.67; A. jNIessinger, $79.30; Mrs. Lottie Mitchell, $103.40; .Mrs. (i. W. .Miner, $29.35; Aug. Morley, $85.10; Geo. E. MunsoU; $50.45; L. V. Muurer, $10.50. Mc TO R SAI.K8 Lkdgeu. Jno. C. McCarthy, $41.09: Robert D. McCoy, $118.95; Mrs. E. McDaniel. $(>8. 10; Ed. McCorniick, »-*9.30; Geo. McFarlan, $48.55-, Jos. E. McGregor, OFFICE ROUTINE AND ISOOK KEEPING. 157 $28.50; Edwin McKenzio. $15.90; Mrs. Kate McKeiiiia, $00.55; E. J. McLaiii, 1112.94; Jolin M. McKinley, ?!43.5-2; Miss Ella MeMaster, $10.'25; Miss Mamie McNeill, 175.55; E. A. McMickle, $31.25; Mrs. T. V. Mcilenamin, $105.19: Peter McFetters, $72.07; Frank Nay- lor, $85.10; Mrs. S. S. Neff, $74.80; Miss Mabel Neilson, $0.25; Andrew J. Nellis, $38.45; Martin Newman, $14.09; Benjamin New, $78.50; Mrs. E. Nichols, $42.00; Jno. Noble, $10.78; Jas. Northorp, $9.92; William Noyes, $17.20: William Nye, $00.57; Clias. Oakley, $100.90; lluo-li J. O'Brien, $12.84; Edward 0"C(.nnor, $122.55; Allen H. Oliver, $11.81; Mrs. Maggie O'Neill, $22.24; W. S. Osborii. $88.49; E. G. Osgood, $52.14; C. N. Palmer, $50.00; Frank W. Page, $57.31: O. W. Perry, $07.80; D. E. Parsons, $40.25; S. P. Patton, $11.40; Irving A. Penny, $25.30; Cluis. C. Quick, $39.73; Jno. V. Eedmoml, $25.21: Jayson Rumniel, $27.75: Walter Reynolds. $120.25: C. 11. IJeniington, $51.10; Valentine Eess, $27.10. S TO Z S.\LES Ledger. Wni. Sassaman, $14.00: Miss Susan Smythe, $14.84; Geo. N. Smith, $28.50; Paul Scull. $14.00; Martin Schneider, $28.50; Jno. Stalder, $13.50: W. E. Schermerhorn, $22.85; Miss Frances M. Sehreier, $08.45; Miss Anna K. Seager, $53.29; Walter Shearer, $79.05; Jno. M. Small, $35.28; Hiram Simpson, $10.90; Albert Spare, $61.72; Miss Anna Sj)encer, $46.80; Benjamin Spring, $52.55; Paul Steele, $50.45: Walter W. Stern, $02.60; J. J. Sweeney, $22.90: Miss Lulu Tate, $18.72; Morris Thatcher, $191.17; Benton Thomas, $25.75; Fred. W. Townsend, $24.25; Jno. M. Utz, $45.7ii; Win. Vander- pool, $14.83; Joseph Vernan, $24.05; Frank Vick, $19.70; Harvey Vincent, $12.64; Ira P. Wetzel, $22.81; H. J. Walker, $8.72; C. C. Waite, $13.85; Mrs. Emma V\^allace, $54.64; W. W. Watkins, $40.05; H. H. Watterson, $21.55; A. A. Weaver, $30.90; Jos. A. Webster, $48.26; A. C. Yates, $40.02; Wm. Young, $27.95; Jno. M. Ziegler, $23.60; Herman Zumm, $22.65. Compare the footings of the various abstracts with the balances of the respective accounts m the General Ledger. If found to agree you will file the abstracts in the General Book- keeper's file and take a trial balance of the General Ledger. Present it for approval when finished. Clel•k^s' Time. Transfer the clerks' numbers and names to i)ages 20 and 21 of the Pay Roll. Preparatory to ascertaining the liability inventories you will enter the time of the clerks as listed below, and ascertain the amount due them. The time given is the actual time; in entering it the student is to double it for Saturday and Sunday. Rule a Total Time column and an Amount column under the Remarks division of the Pay Roll. As the jclerks are not paid at this time (the object being to ascertain what is due them) you will extend the total time in red ink, to the column you have ruled for that purpose. Likewise you will ascertain what is due them and record it in red ink. In extending the department managers' time, give them credit for regular time (one day) only. As no dcdui'tion is made for time they lose, no pay is allowed for extra time. SATURU.A.Y, July 4. Clerks 1, 3, 5, 11, 12, 25, 29, 31, 34, .50, 5S, 75, 70, 82, 84, 100, 101, 104, 109, 111, 114, 119 worked full time. Clerks 2, and 53 each worked l\ days. Clerks 32, 56, 108, and 117 each worked ^ day. Sunday, July 5. Clerks 1, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 25, 29, 31, 34, 50, 53, 55, 58, 6U, 75, 79, 100. 105, 106, 107, 109 and 119 worked full time. Clerks 76, 84, 101 and 111 each worked * day. Clerk 82 worked 1^ days. Clerk 114 worked f of a day. Clork 1 17 worked U days. Monday, July 6. All of the clerks worked full time. Go over your calculations a second time. Foot the amount column of each department. 158 OFFICE ROUTINi; AND BOOKKEEPING. Liability Iiivciititrics. To iisoL-rtaiu ilif lU'cuascd i>iirtiier's interest it will be neces- surv to take into consideration tlie lialiili/i/, as well as, tlie resource inventories. The liabil- ity inventories for this business are listed in the form given below. Make an abstract of inventories in your Journal, supplying all amounts not given in the illustration. Ahstract of Ixvkstokies, Jl'ly 6. 189-. LlAIllMTIKS. Shoes, wages tiue, per Pay Roll, (iloves, " " " Huts, Dress Goods," " •' CMolhing, ■• '■ " Expense, salaries due parlncrs (i month eacli), " '• booJikeepL-rs, " salary due student (4 days), Hksoukces. Shoes, per inveulory sheets, Gloves, " " Hals, Dress Goods, " " Clothing, Fixtures, cost or investment value. Advertisinsj, J of one moiuhs advertisinir not used, Expense, I of one mouth's rent not used, 12791 170U7 14326 9912 11475 73 48 39 53 49 You will next write the amounts of the inventories in the proper ledger accounts in red ink. l'>e sure to enter the liahility inventories to the debit of the accounts. 3Iake u Balance Sheet and have it apjiroved. Close the accounts showing losses and gains. Bring down the inventories. Liability inventories should api)ear on the credit side of accounts when brought down. Present all books and documents for inspection. The deceased partner's interest has been paid as agreed. Make the entry on the proi)er detailed statement, on the Cashier's Abstract Statement and in the Abstract Cash Account. Li the Journal debit him for the discount and credit Loss & Gain. Post the entries just made. By this transaction the surviving partners have secured control of the entire business. Are their interests greater or less than they were before the decease of the part- ner? If greater, how much? If less, how much? Explain how you arrived at your result. Write a credit memorandum on a blank sheet of ])aper favor of Mrs. Sarah Levy for the salary due Abraham Levy, making it ])ayable Aug. 1. NoTK. — In business it would either be necessary to draw up a new partnership agreement, or it would be necessary to amend the present partnership agreement by slating that one of the partners had died and that a new ivutnership had been formed in which the rights and privileges of the surviving partners aie the same as those spe('ifiod in the original agreement. Notice of the dissolution, and the formation of a new partnership should also be given. Tlie method and form of giving notice are explained on page 86. Your work of oi)ening the books and adjusting the partnershiii interests is now com- j)leted and vim are su|>posed to turn over the books to ilr. Harvey Luinan, who is to be the l)ermanent General Bookkeei)er. Iteiuler the firm a bill for your services, using a blank sheet of paper. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOK KEEPING. 159 MANUFACTURING BUSINESS (Jlove Miiimfacturillg Plant Piirdiased. The glove manuf;icturini,' plant owned by J. B. Lucke\' has been purchased by tlie surviving members of the firm of J. A. Lunian & Co. Mr. Luckey has decided to retire from business and has sold the i>lant, for $100,000, which is considerably less than the inventory value, as may be seen by consulting the expert accountant's report on page 165. Each of the partners has contributed $25,000 from his private funds to pay for the glove plant, and it is to be conducted independently of the department store business. You are retained to open the books for the manufacturing busi- ness and to conduct them for a time after business hours. Owing to the advantages of an incorporated business over a business conducted by a partnership the members of the firm have decided to incorporate the glove manufaciuring business under the style and title of the Luman Glove Company (incorporated), beginning August 1. In the meantime the business is to be conducted by a temporary partnership, known as the Lunian Glove Company (not incorporated). Object of tliis Business. The object of this business is to familiarize the student with the forms of books sjiecially adapted to a manufacturing business and the method of keeping them. Books and Forms. Some of the special books and forms that may be used to advan- tage in a glove manufacturing business are: Cost Book, Order Sheets, Cutters Stock Book and Stock Tickets. The other books used are the Impression Sales Book, Monthly Pay Roll, and a special column Cash Book; these may be used in any line of business. Separate accounts are also kept with the items that enter into the cost of mercliandise, and the l)al- ances of such accounts are transferred to the debit of the Merchandise account at the time of closing the books. Cost of Manufacturing. The question of greatest importance to the manufacturer is: What will it cost to manufacture a commodity? Formerly when there was little competition in the manufacturing business it was sufficient to arrive at the cost by a rough estimate. In these days of close competition it has become necessary to ascertain, as nearly as possible, the exact cost of an article, so that it may be jdaced on the market at the lowest possible Merchakdise. 189 189. Raw material, June 30 .34237 .50 12075 80 July 31 980 doz. sold. Freight & Cartage, 1404 00 5;soi 25 Aug. 31 795 '• Bands, Boxes & Cases, 1404 00 28-'0 75 Sept. 30 380 " Silk, 1778 40 2630 25 Oct. 31 310 '■ Buttons, 468 00 2616 48 Nov. 30 ■iH) " Labor, 2218:J 20 2131 50 Dec. 31 295 " Salaries, 308H 80 2280 40 Jan. 31 291 " Manuf'g E.xpenses, 2116 80 13987 50 Feb. 28 1595 " Traveliug 1872 00 16548 75 Mar. 31 1701 ■• " Discounts allowed, 249 85 14789 45 Apr. 30 1.587 " fyOss it Gain, 35009 10 12860 7940 91 773G 41 84 87 May June 31 3 1160 " 671 " " Di.scoiints received. Incentwy (III4 doz.) 103801 65 10:^S01 65 1 160 OFFICE ROUTINE AM> ''KKEEI'ING. price and still yield the desired jicrcent. of jjrolit. These conditions have led manufacturers to seek the cheajiest markets in which to purchase raw materials, to lessen the cost of produc- tion by the introduction of labor-saving machinery, and to keep separate, detailed accounts with all items that enter into the cost of manufacturing their products. In the Merchandise account illustrated on page 159 the sales appear on the credit side of the account, while on the debit side appear the balances of the various accounts, the items of which enter into the cost of manufacturing the merchandise. In business detailed informa- tion of such items would be obtained by consulting the accounts with the items. In the glove manufacturing business this detailed information of the preceding years is used as a basis on which to calculate the cost of producing the various articles for the succeeding vears. Cost |{«i(»k. i'he j)urpose of a Cost Book in a manufacturing business is to furnish a detailed record of the cost of manufacturing the various commodities. In the glove manu- facturing business it is customary to designate the various styles of gloves by number. In the illustration of the Cost Book below a "men's unlined, outseam glove" is desig- nated as No. 112G. It will be observed that the cost of this style of glove is recorded for eight consecutive years; in business this record may be extended for as many 3-cars as the glove is being manufactured. By dividing the cost of the various items on the debit side of tiic illustrated Merchandise account by the number of dozens sold, the cost of manufacturing No. 112G for the 3'ear 189'J will be found to be the same as that exhibited in the illustration of the Cost Book. In ascertaining the cost of the raw material and labor for any style of glove, the number of dozens manufactured must be divided into the cost of the raw material and labor, and not the number of dozens sold. A similar record of all the other styles of gloves to be manufactured should be kept in the Cost Book. In some lines of business it is an advantage to use loose Cost Sheets instead of a Cost Book. Cost Books or Cost Siieets are designed and ruled differently, to meet the vequiremeuts of the business in which they are used. Cost Book. Slock No. 11S6. I)( srnptioii. 3fen'» unlih : HI gloK. Haw MnliTJal, Lal)()r, Cutting. " Milking, " Silking, Freight & Cartage, Boxes, cic.. Silk & Til read. Buttons, Salaries, Manufaclnring Expenses, Traveling " Profit, 20? on cost, Interest. H ino on cost, Discount, V>% on sales, Losses. 2% " Selling Price, 1892. 18(0. l.siu. ISSt.j. 18SW. 1897. l(>a8. 1899. 4.7.5 4.20 4.43 3.70 4.05 :! r.i} 3.45 3.30 1.10 110 1 12 1.06 l.Ui . 11", 1.08 1.06 .92 1.05 1.03 1.00 1.00 M'l .90 .90 .36 .40 .44 .45 .40 .41 .40 .41 .17 .15 .18 .14 .15 .15 .16 .15 .16 .16 .15 .15 .17 .15 .16 .15 .23 .20 .20 .18 .18 .19 .18 .19 .05 .05 .06 .05 .05 .05 .a5 .05 .37 .42 .39 .34 .34 .34 .34 .33 .17 .18 .14 .15 .14 .14 .13 .13 .25 .25 .22 .20 .21 .20 .20 .20 8 53 8.16 8.30 7.42 7.79 7.23 7.05 6.87 1.71 1.63 1.67 1.48 1.56 1.45 1.41 1.37 .34 .33 .33 .30 .31 .29 .28 .27 .69 .66 .67 ,60 .63 .58 .57 .56 .23 .22 .22 .20 .21 .20 .19 .18 11 .50 11.00 11.25 1 10.00 10. .50 9.75 9.50 9.25 DKKICK ROUTINE AND BOOK KEKl'I XC. 161 Order Sheets. In this business Order Sheets similar to tlie one illustnited below will be used. When an order is received that is not to bo filled immediately, a detailed record is made on an Order Sheet, which includes the serial number of the order, the name and address of the person or firm ordering, the terms, shipping directions, date of order, the kinds of goods ordered and the number of dozens of each kind. These sheets are kept in consecutive order, usually in a binder, and are indexed. When a j>art of the goods are shipped, 'they are deducted from the order when the bill is rendered. When all the goods belonging to an order have been sent the Order Sheet is filed awav for reference. Order Sheet. Ordered by James Hare, Terms, i/lO, 2/30, net 4 months. Address, Chicago, IlUnoin. Sliipping Directions. 3 doz. Samples by Evpress. 1-3 at once. Balance Oct. 1. Datk. July SB, F 1216 100 1211 r,o 1209 1206 1126 nil 1106 1101 Explana- tions. 50 75 25 40 40 20 dozens ordered 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Samples 97 47 47 72 22 37 37 17 Balance 47 22 22 35 10 17 17 7 i of ordec 50 2.i 25 37 12 20 20 10 Impression Sales Book. The Impression Sales Book is a book made of fine tissue paper, and is similar lu many respects to the Impression Account Sales Book described and illustrated on pages 101 and 102. When an Impression Sales Book is used the bills are written up and an imjjression taken of them in this book, by means of a letter press. The amount of each bill is extended to a column ruled for that purpose and posted to the Ledger. What advantage do you see in using this book? As this book is very similar to tiie Impres- sion Account Sales Book and as no billing is to be done, you will not be required to use an Impression Sales Book in this business. All entries are to be recorded in a Sales Book similar in form to the one illustrated on page 162. Study the form carefully and note that all goods are designated by number instead of writing the description of the gloves. Cutters Stock Book. After an order for future delivery is received and recorded in the Order Book or on an Order Sheet, it is also recorded in the Cutters Stock Book. Usually this book is ruled so that there is a division for each month of an entire year. In the illustration on page 163 divisions for but four months are ruled. Five columns are ruled under each division, the first to receive the order numljer, the second to receive the stock numbers of the goods ordered, the third to receive the number of dozens ordered, while the fourth and fifth are used to record the goods that have been cut and sent to the other departments to be made up. As goods are manufactured, based upon orders or probable sales for each season, it is important to know exactly the kind of goods to be made and in what months they are wanted. If the Cutters Stock Book is properly ke))t the manufacturer U2 okkice koutike and bookkeei'ing. Sales Book. SnipriNfi U. F. KaMK ami AUIIUESS. Ck. Kind. Doz. Pkick. A.MT. 1 Makks. — R. & 0. Ileywooii & Co , 1101 5 7 r,\j ..; '.0 1 Ciisc Pbilailelphia, 1106 5 1 <; 75 33 75 ;17185 117 Adams St. 1115 5 9 50 47 50 All;;. 1st. 5/30, 6/10. 1126 5 8 25 41 25 1130 ."> 10 50 52 50 D 1206 5 9 7.5 48 75 1209 .) 12 75 63 1 75 1978 1211 5 18 00 90 00 1216 5 14 75 73 75 488 75 M. D. Hare & Smith, 1016 3 12 40 37 20 Case Chicago. 1101 2 7 50 15 0> i:i7180 Aug. 1st. .'5/30, 6, 10. 1208 2 11 50 23 00 1216 2 17 00 34 00 109 20 AmX Ctise Allen it Juwett, 1101 1 7 50 7 50 $17187 Helena. 1131 1 12 00 12 00 H 1 R Alls;. 1st. 5/30, 6/10. 1120 1 8 1 75 8 75 nt IT - Merchandise Cr. 1200 1 14 00 14 00 42 25 58 040 20 1 1 1 will be able to kce)) liis stock about equal to the demand, without being in danger of running short or of carrying over a large amount of stock from the previous season. When all the goods for a month have been cut and made u]) tlie footings of tiie third and fifth columns should be e(|ual. 'I'lie object of the Slock Tickets is to keep track of the goods while Sujipose that 100 dozens of any one style are cut, that number sliould Stock Tickets. being mauufacttired. Cutters Stock Book — Hk(iixnin"o June 189 .IL'.NK J0LY. Al'tiUST. ^fcKl t.MltKlt. ¥ c ■6 a s c Kinil. Doz. •u £ N O ti ti 5 1 C 1 1 a N 1 1216 50 1216 100 2 920 75 916 1] 941 50 953 1 50 9 916 15 1206 50 1211 50 1206 50 1100 50 953 i:. 952 50 1100 25 941 15 1100 20 1209 no 1211 75 1106 50 1216 25 953 50 1206 35 953 15 941 25 120(! 25 ; 916 25 1216 25 917 75 1100 .50 941 25 1100 10 1216 50 1126 25 1 926 25 .5 916 75 926 25 7 1106 10 952 75 10 1211 .50 1211 75 8 1206 75 1209 100 917, 25 1100 50 12(16 10 1216 25 1216 50 953 30 12()» 75 1206 50 926 25 1210 25 1211 10 1211 25 12 941 25 1106 25 1211 50 917 25 953 25 917 50 1216 10 936 25 953 25 1209 50 1216 50 941 25 8 917 100 926 100 10 1211 50 1126 15 lUlO 10 1101 25 5 inc. 25 1100 25 926)100 1106 75 1216 50 916 50 1126 10 1211 25 917 25 953 50 1100 25 953 10 11 936 25 941 50 1206 50 953 10 926 25 952 25 1100 25 1100 25 94) 25 1216 25 13 1209 7.5 953 25 11 '.'6 25 1216 25 926 75 952 25 917 50 1211 . > 6 941 25 1209 25 tsi 910 50 1126 25 1211 35 1216 .'III 9.52 25 1211 25 OS 1206 25 1106 10 1101 50 953 25 lino 13 916 .50 917 25 1106 25 1100 25 1 1 :>i: 75 1 1 B4S OFFICK ROUTINE AND BOOK K KK I'l XC. l('.;5 pass tlirougli the inaking depurtuionts, iiiid when fliiished, be delivered to the salesrooms. If a less number is delivered to the salesrooms an investigation is made and the loss traced to the proper department. Without some such record il would be |i(>,---silile for dishonest employees to carry away stock without being detected. Pay Roll Book. The form of Pay KoU illustrated hclow is one I hat. can be used to advantage in any business where employees are paid off monthly. .V column is provided to receive the amounts paid employees on account. Tliis form Ii.ss Eversou, Silking, B 35 50 5 00 30 50 34 60 34 60 Kate Schwartz, 30 70 30 70 30 75 5 00 25 75 Nina Eckler, 31 85 00 26 85 30 80 10 00 20 80 Lizzie Patch, 36 00 36 00 33 00 33 00 Ernia Price, Mis.s Adams, Cutting, C 34 25 10 00 34 25 34 05 5 00 29 05 Minnie Dunn, 28 50 28 50 28 50 28 50 Wm. Stump, 31 35 31 35 30 25 30 25 ,Tos. Helm, 11. Ward, Making, I) 37 75 5 00 32 75 31 70 5 00 26 70 Arthur Fulmer, 34 25 34 25 35 60 35 60 Daniel Brevier, 30 00 30 00 31 50 31 50 395 45 35 00 360 45 388 05 i40 00 348 05 — — — — Cash Book. The Cash Book used in this business is of the ordinary form of special column Cash Book. {See ilhisfratioii on. jxiges WJt and W-'T. ) Journal. The ordinary form of Journal will be used to record the jnirchases and credit the proper departments. If the purchases are sufficient in number to warrant it, an Abstract Purchase Ledger and a Charges Department form could be kept, the same as in the department store business. StiKlent's Records. Tlie student will make his records from a description of the transactions. H. T. \\ illiiuns, the partner having the maiuigement of the manufacturing plant will keeji a record of the cash receipts and payments in a Petty Cash Book, from which vou will write U]) the regular Ctisli Book. rho entries in the Petty Cash Book are proved each day with the amount of cash on hand by Mr. Williams, so it will not be neces- sary for you to jirove the cash. The balance of cash on hand on tlie last, day of the month should agree with the amount called for by the regular Cash Book. Petty Cash Book. This book is usually a coarse, cheap book and the entries in it are generally made in pencil. All entries in this book should be made by the person or persons handling the money. Whenever possible, bu*" one person should be permitted to receive and pay out the cash, and he should be held responsible for the correc'tness of the same. Being a 164 ttFKlCE KOUTINK AND HOOKKEEPING. Cash Book. Date. L.F. Namks and Explanations. Discounts. Gkneral. June 1 U 10 15 20 25 30 Balance, Collier &, Meyer, Bal. acct. less 5f Adams «fc Son, Bal. acct. less 3? Mercliandise, Barnes & Co. 's Sale Hills Ueceivable. C. V. Hick's note Bills Ueceivable. O. S. Snyder's note Jones ifc Co., Inv. of 1st inst. 3? Bills Payable, Disct. our note 60 da. Merchandise, Wilson & Co. 's sale Badman & Son, Inv. of 2d inst. net Munson Bros. Inv. of 23d iust. less IO4 Mdse, Disct. Dr. Balance, 74 22 20 47 09 82 ■JO 58 7li40 1407 737 197 |-|0 .",ni( liOU 5.50 300 370 428 81 ei 68 60 00 00 7S 00 00 50 22 lfi5 21 13252 20 June 30 7755 40 book of original entry, great care should be exercised in keeping tlie Petty Cash Hook, as it takes precedence over the regular Cash Rook when brouglit into court as evidence. The entries in the regular Cash Book are generally made but once a day; they are taken from the Petty Gasli Book and from the stubs of the Check Book. As no Check Book is kept in this business, Mr. Williams will keep a memorandum account with the bank, charging it with all deposits and crediting it with all checks drawn. In this case all checks received and issued will be entered in the Petty Cash Book; ordinarily this is not done in business. Mill A(rc.»^' No. Priee. Sellmjr Price. Cost Price. Xo. Sollin»r Priee. $25 92 1101 24 81 1106 10.75 1111 11 68 1126 $9.50 8.75 7 75 9.25 $7.05 6 50 5.76 6 87 1206 1209 1211 1216 $9.75 12.75 11.50 17.00 Cost Price. $7.24 9.46 8.53 12.60 The cost and selling jirices of the various numbers on sale were ascertained as shown in the illustrations and exjilanations of the Cost Book and Jlerchandise account. {Sec j)a UKKIC1-: KOUTINK AM' i. ■ivIvl.LI i.M Fred Slieniiaii & Co.. IiidianajiDlis. (HK'-uvclftli do/.i-ii cacli of all the numbers on sale fur the season. (This entry is to be posted to Sundry Accounts Receivable.) The Pettv Cash Hook contains the followinsr records: enter them in regular Cash Book. lUywiH.il Sc Co. less (!;; .lus. llarc, less Hi Henry J. Graves tk>us, less 6^ 1317 41 9.^.7 6-2 lOU UO I'ost the book.s and elieck over the jmsting. Expense, cleauiuj; ulHce, Expense, daily paper, Clarence Sloner, less 2% A. P. Uoot & Co., 10 50 1 50 1896 I 80 1234 00 July 31. ISii-. Enter till' fnllowini,' sales in the Sales Jiook on regular terms. Kith. Wni. II. Lester. Kan.sas City, 15 doz. 1216; 15 do/,. 1211; 15 do/,. 1209; 25 doz. 1200; 3 doz. 1121".. irth. Thos. K. Harriiiirton. Cannelton. Ind.. 25 doz. 12()C,: 10 doz. 953; 10 doz. 952: ](' doz. 941. 18th. Win. II. Chamberlain, Kvaiisville, ."> doz. 9311: ."> doz. 920; 5 doz. 917; 5 doz. 910. 19th. Hirch & Shelters, Cloverport, Ky., 25 doz. 1101; 10 doz. 1100; 10 doz. 1111. Post the accounts of Lester and Harrin<;ton to Sundry Accounts Receivable. Henry J. Clraves Sons order the following to be shipped by August 5: 25 doz. 1200; 100 doz. 953. Sanijilcs to be sent at once by express. Enter on an Order Sheet and make the entry for the samples on the Order Sheet and in the Sales Book. The time of the emidoyces is listed below. Enter same in tlie Pay Roll Book referring to the illustration on page 103. Each foreman or forewoman of a department keeps a time book; it is fnnn these time books that the Pay Roll is compiled in business. Silking Dki'aktmkkt, Time Book "A." ;\nianda Connor, forewoman, *30.50; Carrie Lyons, $28.00; Bertha Polk, S25.o0. Hemming Dkp.vkt.mknt. Time Book " B." Maggie Allard, forewoman, 129.75; l{osa James, 1:20.75: Ellen Little, ^30.50; Ellen Meiinier, 628.25; (Record the amount paid on the 10th inst.); .Mattie Allen, $28.75; Amanda Little. X25.50. .>LvKiN37.63. Post the books and check over the posting. Take a trial balance. , Preparatory to closing the books, Mr. Williams has had an inventory taken, of which the followiug is an abstract. Abstract of Inventories, July 31, 189-. 32000 00 44818 20 400 00 8500 00 21 70 110 50 1083 30 944 95 Real Estate, Macliiuery, Furniture and Fi.xtures, Good Will, Traveling Expense, amount not used, Silk Account, Raw Material, Merchandise, 5 doz. No. 1216; 10 doz. No. 1206; 5 doz. No. 916; 10 doz. No. 931 ; 5 doz. No. 936; 10 doz. No. 953; 20 doz. No. 941. Before making a Balance Sheet in a manufacturing business the inventories are written (in red ink) in the jiroper ledger accounts. The next step is to transfer tlie balances of the accounts tliat enter into the cost of merchandise, to the debit of the Merchandise account. These accounts are then ruled and the inventories (if any) are brought down. It is evident after this is done tliat the Merchandise account and the accounts that enter into the cost of merchandise will not appear on the Balance Sheet as they apjieared in the trial balance. You may now transfer the inventories given to the proper ledger accounts in red ink. Transfer the balances of the following accounts to the debit of the Merchandise account: Raw Material, Labor, Salaries, Silk, Bands & Bo.xes, Buttons, Freight & Cartage, Discounts and Traveling Expenses. Next rule these accounts and bring down the inventories. In making the Balance Sheet use the balairce of the Merchandise account (not including the inventory) as given in the ledger account, instead of the balance as exhibited in the trial balance. Likewise carry the inventories of the accounts closed into tlic Merchandise account, from the Ledger to the Balance Sheet. In business when the accounts receivable and accounts payable are cpiite numerous, they are never itemized in the Balance Sheet. Yon may now ascertain the total of the amounts due the business and enter it on the Balance Sheet, specifying it as '•' Accounts Receivable." Likewise find the total amount owing by the business, and specify it as "Accounts Payable." Foot the first two columns of the Balance Sheet to satisfy yourself that your work has been done correctly. Enter all the inventories in the Resource column (in rod ink) and complete the Balance Sheet. Close the books and present them for insiiection and aj)proval. 172 OFKlCli KOUTINK AM) HOOK KKEIMNG. MANUFACTURING BUSINESS INCORPORATED. Corporations. A coriioration is an artificial being or iicrson fdrmeil by a number of natural iior^oiis, and is endowed with the caiiacity of i)er[)etual succession and of acting in certain respects like a natural person. A corporation derives its existence and power from the state under whose laws it is organized. The business of a corporation is transacted through and by its directors and officers, wlio are elected by the stockholders for a specified time, usually one year. Advaiitiiijcs of Corporations. The one great advantage that corporations have over ordinary partiiersiiips is the power of succession. In a partnership the death of a partner, tiie sale of a partner's interest, habitual intemperance, the doing of things that are detri- ineiilal to the other i>arlners' interests, and some other causes operate to bring about a dissolution of the partnership. In a corporation each individual's interest is composed of a certain number of shares, which are evidenced by a certificate of stock. Whenever one of the stockiioldcrs dies or he disposes of liis stock, the corporation is in no way affected by it. The death of an officer also has no effect on a corporation, as a successor is immediately elected by the directors. In a iiartnership the i)rivate property of the partners can be held for the debts of the partnership; in a corj)oration the jjrivate )iroperty of the stockholders usually can not be held for the debts of the corporation. AVIien the number of ])ersons interested in a business enterprise is very large, it would be very inconvenient, and almost impossible, to conduct it as a partnership. Every death, sale of interest, etc., would bring about a dissolution of tiie partnership. As the private projierty of each partner can be held for the liabilities of the partnershij), very few persons are dis- posed to enter a ])artners]iip where the members are quite numerous. Corporations not only possess advantages over luirtnersliips but are absolutely necessary in conducting the large mercantile, manufacturing and other business enterjirises of our time. It would be almost impossible to get along without them. How FornuMl. Corporations are formed in two ways, viz., (1) by charter; (2) under general statute. When a corijoration is formed by a special act of the legislature of any state or territory, it is said to be formed by charter. Owing to the convenience of the second method most corporations are now formed under general statute laws. The growing demand for a simi)le method of organizing corporations has led the legislatures of all, or nearly all, the states and territories to enact laws governing the organization of corporations. It is now jiossiljle to organize a corj)oration at any time, without applying to the state legislature, by simply complying with the law governing the incorporation of business enterprises. As the re(piirements vary somewhat in the different states, the student is advised to consult the statute laws of liis own state. For the purjiose of illustration, the requirements for incor- jioration in the State of New York are given on the following pages. Note.— Owing to the importance of corporations in the commercial world to-day, it will be well for every student to make a thoroujih study of them. Tliis may be done by consulting and studying commercial law texts, the statutes of the slate in which the student resides, and such other books of reference as may be suggested bj- the teacher. Reqtiircnu'iits for Incorporation. The first and most important step in incorpor- ating a business enterprise is to secure subscribers for stock. In the State of New York the law requires tiiat at least one-half of the capital stock must be subscribed for in good faith, before the Certificates of Incorporation (two in number) can be filed. In some states OFFICE ROUTINF AND MOOKKEEPING. 173 Certificates of Iiiourjioratidii arc dcsign:ited as Articles r. .State of ^ciu ^ovU, / ^^ County of Monkoe, * We, the undersigned, desiri/ii/ tu funn a rorporatiun jmrsuaid to the statutes relating to tliv B7isiness Corporation Law. all heing of full age, and two-ttiirds being citizens of the United States, and a majority ieing residents of the State of New York, do herehg rcrtifg : I. The name of t lie 'proposed corporation is the Chainhss Bicycle Company. Tlie object for wlucli this corporation is formcit is to engage in the manufartnrc of the chain- less bicycles, of which Isaac TlVfco.r is tlic patentee. III. Tlie Capital Stock of the corporation shall be One Hundred Tliousand Dollars (SIOOOOO). IV. The Capital Stock sliall be divided into one thousand [1000) sJtarcs, an.d to be valued at One Hunched Dollars {$100.00) per .'share. V. Tlie location of its principal business office shcdl be in tlie city of Rochester, in the County of Monroe, State of New York. VI. The duration of tlie corporation is to be fifty (pu) years. VII. The numbei of its directors is to be three (S). ^tiitc of iXcui ilovU, j.gg "'■ S. Osiwr,:\. 174 OKKICE ROUTINK AND HOOKKEEPING. 17//. The tuiiiies aud pnd-officc addresses of Ihe directors for the first year are as follow.^ : Isaac Wilcox. Rochester, JV". }'. H. L. MiLhKii, Rochester, N. Y. J. 11. AfoonE, Rochester, X. }'. IX. The 7iames and post-office addresses of the subscribers for stock, and the number of shares for which they .'>nb.'. OsiiOh'X. Detroit, Mich. Ten. ^U luitucss iwhcvcof , We have made, signed and acknowledged this certificate this first day of Auyu.' UKFICK ROUTINE AND HOOK.KEEPING. S>t;xtc of ileiu ilovU. ) ^^ Col NT V (II .MuNKOK. ) On //lis Fourlcoilh day of December, ISO-, pemofuilli/ appeared Isaac Wilcox and J. II. Moore, to me persoiialli/ knotvn to Ije the persons described in. and ivho executed the fo'''>qoiiig cirtifuale, and severally acknowledyed to me that they exi'i-uti'd the .mine. RicBAKD Roe. Sotury Public, Monroe Coiinly. X. V. §tatc oC iXciu ilovU, / ^^ Coi-.VTY OF MOXROK, f hauG Wilcox and J. II. Moore, bcimi duly and .'severally sworn, each fur himself deposes and says that he is a director of the Chainless Bicycle Company, and that the statement contained in the foregoing certificate is true. Isa.ic Wilcox. J. I!. MooitE. Severally subscribed and siuorn to before me on this Fourteenth d^y of December, 189-. Rich A an Roe, Notary Public, Monroe Co.. .\. Y. A further obligiition resting iqion ihe directors of :i corporation organized under the hiws of tlie State of New York is that they are required to make an annual report to tlie Secre- tary of State and to the County Clerk, during the month of January. Failure to comply with this requirement will tend to dissolve the corporation, and will also make tiie directors personally responsible for the acts and debts of the coriioration. The form of annual rejiort for Xew York State is given below: Annual Report. ANNUAL KKPOKT Ol' Til K CHAINLKSS iilCYCLE CO.Ml'.VNY. We, the undersigned, a majority if the directors of the Chainless Bicycle Company, do hereby make the following report: The Capitol Stork of this corporation is One Hundred Thousand Dollars (S 100000). The proportion of its Capital Stock actually issued is Si.vty Thousand Dollars {$60000). The existing debts of the corporation do not exceed Eight Thousand Dollars (SSOOO). The as.vets of the corporation at lead equal the sum of Seventyfive Thousand Dollars (^75000). Dated January 1-i. ISO-. ' JsyiAC Wjlcox. II. L. Mill Eli. Jitixte of ilcui ranon. a number of books are kept bj the aecretaur, which are known as the Kvks of i>ffioial record. A description of these books follows. Xinnte Book. A record of the proceedings of the directors and stockholders is kept in the Minnt^" Ivx>k. This record is kept by the secretary and signed by him and the president. The valne of the Minute Book can not be orerestimated, as it is freqnentlv required to be produced in <»uri in cases of litigation. To the records therein compiled the o>ffii.vrs of the corjK>raiion look for the requisite authority from the board of f.r their official acii;, and by which their administration may be jndged. The 11 a. should at all lime^ be in the iv«ssession of the secretary. With this book and the other books of official rtvord the Kxikkeeper has nothing to do, except upon ;: - n furnished by the secrt lary: this information is usually furnished in the form of r.. a. Subscription Book. The Subscription Book is the financial basis of a corporal; v.. . In this Kx>k each jvrson who desires to become a stockholder of the corpc - . , for the number of sha^£^s that he wishes. By signing his name he becomes p-,:,- ...-_._ to the coiporaiion for the full value of the stock for which he subscribes, and the written promise thus made becomes a resource to the corporation. Erery subscription " -' ' : be properly headt-d so that it will be binding upon the subscribers. Very ofter. r .. page in the ICnnte Book is used instead of the Snbscripdon Book. (5»f i." Suhfcripiion Bcftt heOor). SrBscKiPTios Book. TTe, the undersigned, hereby subscribe and agree to take the nnmWr of shares of the Luman Glore Company Stock set oppoate our names. ... :>-:^ Xivor SiBJLRSs. AMOCSTS. 25 O^. iYoar place faere.) *• 50 1 -"•' ■^ •^ <• I 90 5 «« 1 » 7C»- • .■ ■• 35 1 2JO0 00 SO',' • Aoe. 1 J-ALtman H. T. Williams . Tt)c«s.H. Bens-- C T-rans n. A-Clarr ILO. Minco... Sometimes special columns are provided in the Subscription Book in which are recorded the payments; this form is very convenient when payments are made in in?:." -. s column Wing provided for each installment. Instead of placing these special - ;:: the Subscription Book, an installment sheet may be used. On this sheet will be recorded the names and amounts due from subscribers. As the installments are coUj^: - ■ - - - c^ediI<^i on ihe installment sheet: when all have been collected. Cash is debited ; and Subscription account is credited. Information that the Subscription Book contauns, which the bc>cikkeeper should know is usually famished to him in memc-s' "•"" ■' ■-"■ ""^v the secretary. Inst&llmeiit Scrip Book. The Installmeait Scrip Book is a book of receipts, which are issued to suiiscribrrs when their ■-.-•"—-•-- are paid. The installment scrip is given under the corporate seal and is sign als, usually the secretary and the treasunea-. (jrnCK HOVTi.SK AfCO BOf 3 79 of HtocL - 'juld '&• I't^iiiUc i>l> llit: jUfiUiiJLUltSUl «iU«3t!M:, i*f uUt: iUliUlllUj^Ul *>i*'-rtiii<-at-»' and 'J raiiKf»-r Jtiuvk. Tbie k a U/und Uwk «f tjlauke witii Htutjt-. * • 'J'Taruifiir Jiwk on j/oye 180. ) kufiit fet' ijf tilt: <>■ CS».' ■/€• VCTV ', JEtbe :- -ry imwiTtant Twserdfc. Tfc'. .^ It) hfc trai. xo iuak«r tiife rec-orC of tlie tran«lfer i»u tiie Btuo tUfc uucaher of whicii correspoude to tufc v-d. tKik it li' nnniwir o " 'tiaoB book ' hvV JJii- ar- ht •tiiert *seeuir iiavt li iiameE of ir.: st"- dnfe eaca ^' aecouu:, w; JtiDute JbtMi: may be itefio lor tost yur\nMk ^E tif Xifedger mav he used lor a fetock l/sdjKer. Xl .•- auiouut of the tttock BuhBerihed aud each Btoek- 'Iited- 'J 'he stiaret: of aiH}«uBea wita jc tue inajonty ot casee. 'i\) frr. C • JL O. iiarnK. 2S«*l' >." SUt i^OA. lA. . »-IOS*TCBB; JH. O. Jiantai 1« :,^:-:<',-*Jriatc exjilanation for this entry. Debit each of the stockholders for the stock subscribed and credit Subscription account for the total. When these entries are posted the Subscription account and the stockholders' accounts should balance. The stockholders' interests in a cor])oration are evidenced by the Certificates of Stock issued to them and by the accounts in the Stock Ledger. Write an appropriate explanation of this entry. Post the books. Check over your posting. This completes the opening entries of the books. Excepting the oiicning and closing entries, the regular books of a corporation are in no wise different from those of a partnershi]) or of a single proprietor. August 0. 180-. The following invoices have been approved, checked with the goods and audited. Enter them in the Journal. A. P. Root & Co. (No. 8), Aug. :i, 2/10, net 30 days, |t2130.70. (Raw material.) George Proctor (No. 9), Aug. 3, net 30 days, $19.85. (Bands & Boxes.) Following are the sales for the past week. Make the proper record on the Order Sheets and enter in the Sales Book. I OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 183 3d, Heywood & Co., regular, 10 doz. 1316; 5 doz. 1311; 3 doz. 1130. 3d, Hare & Smith (successors to Jas. Hare), regular, 5 doz. 1316; 5 doz. 1136; 5 doz. 931. Transfer the balance of Jas. Hare's order to a new Order Sheet. Write on the old order: "Succeeded by Hare & Smith; see order number 5." The following orders have been received : 3d, Heywood & Co., regular, 10 doz. each of numbers 1309, 1311, 1316, 931, 930, 936, 953, 1101, 1106; to be shipped not later than Aug. 8th. Hare & Smith, regular, 35 doz. 1311. Henry J. Graves Sons, regular, 10 doz. 1309; 10 doz. 1316; 5 doz. 931; 3 doz. 916; 1 doz. 1111. Cancel their old order for the remaining 40 doz. of number 1136. This you will do by writing: "Canceled Aug. 5, 189-, by letter," in red ink on the order; then file it away for future reference. In canceling an order always be sure to state whether it was countermanded by letter or in person. In case of litigation an order given by letter would be a question of fact, while an order given in person would require evidence to substantiate it. The samples sent to Fred. Sherman & Co., on the 14th ult., have been returned by express, charges prepaid. Make an entry in the Journal that will cancel the entry made in the Sales Book at the time the goods were sent. Be sure to write an appropriate explana. tion of this entry; remember that the explanation is the essential ])art of every bookkeeping record. In business when goods are returned frequently, a special Goods Returned Book may be provided. An ordinary Invoice Book will serve the purpose, as in it the returned bills may be pasted, and posted to the credit of the jsroper ledger accounts. The monthly footings would be posted to the debit of Merchandise account. You and your teacher will each subscribe for 50 shares of the Treasury Stock. Both of you should sign the Subscription List for the proper amount. We will now assume that you have paid for your stock and, hence, are entitled to your Certificates of Stock. Fill in two certificates, numbering them 5 and 6. Be sure to fill the stub properly. Deliver the teacher's certificate, getting him to sign for it on the stub. Detach your certificate after you have signed for it. Next make the entry in the Stock Ledger, debiting Capital Stock for $10000 and credit yourself and your teacher, each for $5000. This completes the entries in the books of official record. On your regular books debit Subscription account in the Journal and credit Treasury Stock for §10000. In writing an explanation for this entry, be sure to specify to whom the stock was sold. The Petty Cash Book contains the following records; enter them in the regular Cash Book: 2 Jas. Hare, .July 13th, less 5%, 3 Henry J. Graves Son, .July 12th and 31st, less 5 and 6%, Subscription, Teacher 5000 Student 5000 Mdse., Cash sales for week. Post the books and check over the posting. 399 25 3 3 232 97 6 10000 00 314 90 George Proctor, Invs. No. 4 & 7, Expense, Inv. of blank books, E.xpense, cleaning office 5.00, desk 14.00, postage 1.10, A. P. Root & Co., Inv. No. 8, less 2%, 68 35 20 2088 90 75 10 09 August 13, 189-. The following sales have been made during the week. 8th, Heywood & Co., regular, 35 doz. 1316; 15 doz. 1311; 11 doz. 1309; 5 doz. 1136; 184 oKKICE RUUTINE AM) liUUK KEEPING. 5 doz. 931; 5 doz. 'J'iO: .i doz. 930; 5 do/.. 953; 5 doz. 1101; 5 doz. 1106. It will be neces- sary to make recordi< on both of their ordor.s (ininibers 1 and (J). Observe these instructions in tlie future. 10th, llenrv J. Graves Sons, refrular. in doz. ViO'J: I'J doz. 1200; 19 doz. 953; 2 doz. 91C; 1 doz. nil. lUh, Hare & Smith, regular, 25 doz. 1126; 10 doz. 1211. 12tli, Allen & Jewett (post to Sundry Accounts Receivable), one-twelfth doz. each of the following number.^: 1211, 1209, 1126, 931, 953, 916, 1111, 1101, llOG. The following invoices have been received, checked with the goods ami audited. Enter them. Sweet, Sharp & Co. (No. 10), Aug. 10, 5 days net, *I6(i.40. (Raw Material.) B. G. Green way (No. 11), Aug. 9, net 30 days, |;124.rS. (Raw Material.) George Proctor (No. 12), Aug. 11, 30 days net, *S3.17. (Bands & Bo.xes.) Garson & Wood (No. 13), Aug. 12, 30 days net, $65. (Furniture & Fi.xtures.) Clarence Stoner (No. 14), Aug. 8, 2/10, net 30 days, S70.40. (Haw .^[aterial.) The Petty Cash Book contains the following records: Win. II. Lestfr, July ICtli, less Hf, 1 Icy wood ».t Co., Auc. 3il, less 6J, lliirc >.t Sraitli, Aug. ijd, less 6J, Mdse., casli sales for week, 845 74 8 231 24 148 05 55 21 9 11 13 13 14 30 00 15 00 166 40 74 87 17 80 195 00 75 Expense, gas liill, 4.50 matting, 5.75 sliitionery, 4.50 Labor, advanced II. N. Peck, 15,00 Rosa James, 5.00 Floyd Long, 10.00 Salary, advanced bookkeeper. Sweet, Sliarpit Co., Inv. No. 10, Net. Clarence Sloner, luv. No. 14, less 2^., E.vpense, bill for pUinitiinir and repairs, Real Estate, painting mill, Post the books and check over your po.«ting. AiGUST 20, 189-. The sales for the week arc as follows; enter them in the Sales Book and on the Order Sheets. 15tli, Henry J. Graves Sons, regular, 12 doz. 1206; 10 doz. 1210; 5 doz. 931. Ilare & Smith, regular, 5 doz. 1216; 15 doz. 1211. The following order has been received: Henry J. Graves Son.s, regular, 25 doz. 1206; 50 doz. 931. Enter on an Order Sheet. They also give instructions to cancel the Ijalanco of number 953 on their previous order. The Petty Cash Book contains tJic following records: 14 15 AV n. Chamberlain, Inv. of July 12lli & ISth, le.ar value of the stock he owns. Should a shareholder be retpiired to pay a claim, he is entitled to recover from each shareholder such a part of the claim as each share- holder's stock is a i)art of the cajiital stock. When tlie capital is all paid In the liability of thostockiiolder ceases. Limited liability corporations are required by law to use the word " Limited " after the name of the corporation whenever or wherever the name is used, either written or printed: furthermore, the name of the corjioration. with the word "Limited," must be conspicuously posted outside tlie general office and liraueli offices. Limited corporations and joint stock companies command a better credit than do corporations. Do you see why? Joint Stock Coinpanics. .Joint stock companies are associations formed for the trans- action of business, and are intermediate between corporations and ordinary partnershii>s. They are in fact partnerships, and are so considered in law, yet they differ from the ordinary partnership in their organization. Formerly these comjjanies were more common than they are at, the present time. The legislatures of most states have enacted general laws under which corporations may be readily and easily organized, consequently they have almost entirely taken tiie place of joint stock comi)anies. Formerly it was necessary in the organi- zation of a corporation to ajijjly to the legislature for a charter. Tliis very often involved much delay and frequently large expense, hence, rather than await the result of such special legislation, the persons interested in tlie proposed business would risk the responsibility of partners. Joint stock companies are usually formed in preference to the ordinary partnersliips when the number of persons interested is so large as to make it inconvenient to conduct tiie busi- ness as is commonly done in ordinary ])artnerships. The stockiiolders forming tiie comjiany usually draw u]) an agreement, in which the rights of members, among themselves, are defined and regulated. This agreement usually siiecifies the manner of forming the com- pany, the amount of the cajiital stock, the number and value of the shares, the manner in which stock may be transferred, and the election of officers or agents. In this agreement are also included such other ])rovisions as may be deemed necessary for a proper manage- ment of the business. Ordinarily the members of a joint stock company are ]>ersonally liable for the dclits of tlie conii)any the same as in an ordinary i)artnersliip. That is, if tiie assets of tlie company are exhausted and there are debts remaining unpaid, each stockholder is liable to the cred- itors fur the full amount of such indebtedness. When no statutory ])rovisions exist regu- lating the liability of the stockholders, their liability is determined in the same manner as in the case of an ordinary partnership. The business of a joint stock company is usually transacted by directors or trustees chosen by the stockholders. These comiianics, unless they are organized under the laws of the State of New York, can not sue or be sued in the name of the officers; suit must be brought against the members individually or collectively. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 189 The books of a joint stock company need in no wise be different from those of a corpora- tion. Books of officiid record (stock books) are kejit, the stock issued is signed by the oiBcials, .and tlie profits are distributed to tlie stockliolders iu tlie form of dividends, the same as in a corporation. The main difference between a corporation and a joint stock company is that the latter is not created by the state. A joint stock company has no right to use a common seal. Joint Stock Companies in New York. In New York State the formation of joint stock companies and tlie liability of the stockholders is regulated by statute, and they are given certain coruorate privileges. A company so formed may sue and bo sued in the name of the president or treasurer, and the members are not individually liable until a judgment has been recovered against the company, and an execution issued thereunder has been returned unsatisfied. These companies are not dissolved by the death of a member or by the transfer of his stock, as is the case in the ordinary joint stock comjiany or partnership. Carefully review tlie work, beginning on i>age 117, and be prepared to answer the fol- lowing questions: Questions. — What is a department store? What advantages are there in keeping a department store? What reason can you assign for subdividing the Merchandise accoiint in a department store business? What is the object of dividing the counting room work in a large business into departments? What reasons can you assign for keeping accounts with all the other ledgers in the General Ledger? AVhat is the nature of the work usually done in the Cash Department? In the Credit Man's Department? In the Time Sales Depart- ment? In the Purchases Department? Describe the Abstract Purchase Book. Why is it not a convenient form of record when there are many departments? What forms may be substituted when the departments are numerous? Describe the Department Charges form. What are the advantages of using an Abstract Purchase Ledger? What is the object in keeping track of the due date and discount time limit on bills purchased and sold? Describe the Time Index. What advantage is there in using Sales Tickets? Describe the Clerks' Summary Sheet. What is the object in keeping these Summary Sheets? Describe the routine of a sale on account. What forms may be used to advantage in recording Time Sales? Describe an Abstract of Time Sales sheet. What reason can you assign for making a Summary of the Daily Sales? What is the object in keeping a record of the Clerks' daily sales? Explain how you would determine from what department a sale was made. How are the clerks usually designated in a large establishment? Explain the method of keeping a Sales Ledger. Where do the records in the Sales Ledgers originate? What reasons can you assign for keeping accounts with the Sales Ledgers in the General Ledger? Explain the method of verifying these accounts with the respective Ledgers. Describe the routine of a cash sale. Draw from memory an Abstract of Cash Sales form. From what sources is the Abstract Cash Account compiled? Describe the detailed statements used in the Cash Department. What is the object of a Pay Roll? What is a Pay Roll Memorandum? How are returned goods recorded? Describe the Credit Memoranda account. How are rebates recorded? What is the object of a Sundry Account? What effect docs the death of a part- ner have on a partnership? What is the object of making abstracts of the Purchases and Sales Ledgers before taking a trial balance of the General Ledger? What is meant by a Liability Inventory? Xame some accounts that may have Liability Inventories. Explain the method of closing an account that has a Liability Inventorv. l',t(» UKFICK KOUT1NI-, AM> liO( )K KKKIMN'G. Name some of tlie books especially aihipt.cd to the manufacturing business. Why is it customary to keep separate accounts with the items that enter into the cost of merchandise? What is done with the balances of such accounts? What is the object of the Cost Book? What advantae sued, elect directors, who, in turn, may elect a president, vice-p sident, cashier and other officers; discount and negotiate promissory notes, drafts, bills c exchange, and other evidences of debt; receive deposits, buy and sell exchange, coin and b lion; loan money on j)ersoMal security, issue and circulate its own notes, and make all nc Iful by-laws not inconsistent with the Banking Act. T 're must be at least five directors. EmcIi director must own at least ten shares of the stock and he holds his office until the election and qualification of his successor. Annual meet gs are held in January. The capital stock is divided into shares of $100 each, and are t nsferable. The liability of a shareholder is limited to a sum equal to the par value of h stock. Before beginning business, fifty per cent, of the capital stock of an associa- tion ust be paid in, and ten ]ier cent, of the remainder monthly until all is paid. After the iiociatiou is organizeil and fifty per cent, of the capital stock paid in. the next step is Copyhiout, ISM, HY Williams & Kogeiis. 193 I OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 193 BANKING. A Banker is a dealer in money. The business of banking consists in receiving deposits of money oti whicli interest may or may not be allowed; in making advances of money, principally in the way of discounting notes and other commercial jiaper; and in effecting the transmission of money from one place to another. The disjiosable means of a bank consist of the capital paid in by the shareholders; the money deposited with it by its cus- tomers; the notes it can circulate; the money it receives in the course of transmission, and which, of course, it must rejiay in another jilacc. The profits of a bank arise mainly from the following sources: discount, interest, dividends, exchange and collection. Banking associations are divided into two general classes: Public banks and Private banks. Pul)lic banks are also of two classes: Those organized under the law.s of the State in which they are located, and those organized under the laws of tlie United States. Tlie former are called State banks and the latter are called National banks. State banks may be divided into Deposit and Discount banks. Savings banks and Trust companies. Private banks are conducted by individuals and are unincorporated. State and National banks are incorporated institutions. A National Bank is a bank organized under the National Banking Act. This does not mean that the government owns or conducts National banks, but only authorizes their creation and prescribes their mode of doing business. Every association doing business under this law is governed by the same principles, is subject to the same inspection, uses the same forms in making reports to the Treasury Department at Washington, and is under the same penalties for the violation of any requirement of the National Banking Law. The National banking system, based on the system of banking in the State of New York in 18(J2, is the principal banking system in the country, and the only one by which banks now issue notes of their own. By the National banking law banking associations may be formed by five or more ])ersons who must specify in their articles of association the several objects for thus uniting. They must make " an organization certificate" specifying the name assumed by the association; its place of business; the amount of its capital stock and the number of shares into which it is divided; the names and residences of the shareholders and the number of sJiares held by each; a declaration that the certificate is made to enable them to avail themselves of the advantages of the act. The association may sue and be sued, elect directors, who, in turn, may elect a president, vice-president, cashier and other officers; discount and negotiate promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange, and other evidences of debt; receive deposits, buy and sell exchange, coin and bullion; loan money on personal security, issue and circulate its own notes, and make all needful by-laws not inconsistent with the Banking Act. There must be at least five directors. Each director must own at least ten shares of the stock, and he holds his office until the election and qualification of his successor. Annual meeting? are held in January. The capital stock is divided into shares of SI 00 each, and are transferable. The liability of a shareholder is limited to a sum equal to the par value of his stock. Before beginning business, fifty per cent, of the capital stock of an associa- tion must be paid in, and ten ])cr cent, of the remainder montlily until all is paid. After the association is organized and fifty per cent, of the capital stock paid in, the next step is 194 UKl-ICE KOUTINE AND BOUKKEliriXG. the transmission by tlic association of a certificate to tlie Comptroller of the Currency stating that all the i)rovisions of the law with reference to organizing a bank have been observed. The Comptroller of the Currency then makes such an examination as may be thought neces- sary, and if he finds that the law has been properly conijilied with, he gives to the associa- tion a certificate to thai elfect, and that it is authorized to begin business. This certificate must be published within si.xty days from tlie time of receiving it. As a necessary preliminary to furnishing notes for circulation, the Comptroller of the Currency, under the direction of tlie Secretary of the Treasury, is entrusted with the important duty of engraving plates in the best manner to guard against counterfeiting and fraudulent alterations, and to print therefrom and number so many circulating notes in blank as may be required to supply the banks entitled to receive the same. After these notes have been signed by the president or vice-president, and the cashier, they are issued and circulate as money, and are received at i)ar everywhere in the payment of taxes, excises, public lands, and all other dues to the government, except for duties on imports; and also for all salaries and other debts owing by the United States, except interest on the public debt and in redemption of legal tender notes. They are also a legal tender for any debt or liability to every National banking association. The notes which are issued by National banks are secured by registered United States bonds, deposited with the Treasurer of the United States. Upon a deposit of bonds tlie association making the same is entitled to receive from the Coini)lroller circulating notes equal in amount to ninety per cent, of the par value of the United States bonds so deposited, but the total amount of such notes issued to any association may not exceed ninety per cent, of the amount of its capital stock actually paid in. Many National banks, es])ecially those located in some of the large cities, do not issue notes for the reason that, with the tax of one per cent, a year upon the average circulation, the expense of handling the notes, the expenses of the redenij)tion of the same, the express charges, etc., they find it is not ])rofitable. A Natioiuil bank can hold real estate under the following conditions, and no others: The building needful to transact its business; land mortgaged to it in good faith to secure debts previously contracted in the course of business; lands purchased under sales ordered by courts in order to secure debts due to the bank. In the last three cjvses the real estate can- not be held beyond live years. National banks cannot make loans on the security of their own stock, excei)t to iirevent a loss on a debt previously contracted, nor can they pledg(> their own notes of circulation for the purjjose of getting money to pay in their capital stock. They are subject to examination by ollicers appointed by the government. They must make rejwrts to the Cosuptroller of the (Currency according to the forms which he ])rescribes, exhibiting in detail the resources and liabilities of the associations at the close of business on any past day specified by him. The Comptroller is recpiired to call for not less than five such reports during each year. Tiiesc reports must be verified by the oath of the president or cashier and attested by the signatures of at least three of the directors. In addition to the reports mentioned above, each association is required to make a sworn report within ten days after the declaration of any dividend, of the amount of such dividend, and the amount of the net earnings. The National banking law provides that semi-annual dividends of the net profits of any National bank may bo declared by the directors thereof; but that before each dividend every bank shall carry one-tenth of its net profits of the preceding half-year to its surplus fund until it shall equal twenty per cent, of the capital stock. i OFFlCli ROUTINE AND BOOK KEEPING. 195 Fur a further explanation of the National banking hxw, tlie student is referred to Bolles' Praetical Banking, from which excellent work some of the foregoing paragrapjis were compiled. State Banks. — A State bank is a bank organized under the laws of the State in which it is located.. The preliminary steps in organizing a bank under the banking law of the State are much the same as those to be taken in organizing a National bank. The sub.scrip- tion list is opened, articles of association and a name are adopted, a Board of Directors and ofBcers are elected, just as in the case of a National bank. In addition to the steps men- tioned, it is necessary that a copy of the articles of association be filed with the Bank Super- intendent of the State, where there is such an officer, or with the Comptroller, and another copy in the office of the clerk of the county in which the bank is to be located. Previous to July, 1866, State banks issued notes which circulated as money, but on that date the government imposed a tax of ten i)er cent, on the circulation of the State banks, which had the effect of witlidrawing it as the rate was too high to allow of any profit to the banks on it. Except as to issuing circulating notes. State banks are conducted as they were before the creation of the National banking system. There is very little difference between the internal workings of a National and a State liank. The main function of receiv- ing deposits and of loaning them is performed in essentially the same way by all banks. It is claimed that State banks possess some advantages over National banks among which are the following: They are not examined so critically; in some cases arc not required to make returns to State officials, and in no case are such full returns required as the National law requires to be made. They can certify checks in excess of the amount which the de- positor may have at the time of certifying. The National banks are expressly forbidden to do this. Private Banks. — A private bank is a bank organized and operated by a private individ- ual or by a firm. In opening a bank by an individual no formality is required, unless restricted by statute; nor in opening one by a partnership, further than is necessary in any partnership formed for business i)ur250ses; simply a partnership contract, signed by the partners, setting fortii the nature of the business to be transacted, the amount of capital each partner is to furnish, the duties of each partner, the duration of the partnership, and such restrictions upon the acts of the officers as it is thought wise to impose. The Board of Directors meet at certain specified times to consider tlie character of the paper offered for discount and referred to them by the president or cashier, and to con- sult as to general business. In some banks the Board delegates its authority, in the matter of passing upon paper offered for discount, to the president or cashier during the intervals when the Board is not in session. This exercise of authority by the president or cashier is, however, subject to the apjiroval of the Board. Oilicers of a Bank. — The officers and clerks of a bank are, usually, a President, Vice- President, Cashier, Receiving Teller, Paying Teller, General Bookkeeper, Individual Book- keeper, Note Clerk, Messenger, and Porter, together with the necessary assistants in the different departments. The President is the chief executive officer of the bank and presides at the meetings of the Board of Directors, and generally exercises the authority of the Board during its recess. Some banks have a Vice-President who assumes tlie functions of the President during his absence. 196 OFFICE ROUTIXK ANO liOOKKEEPING. JOURNAL. MONDAY. Monroe County Nalional. Clyde, 211" Cliiilon Natiiuml. fOS'" llenrv ». Wilson & Co., Biitavia, 942" Hills bi>counle3 il 09 99G2 95 t;5 19831 2: 57 2-' 6S 48»«7 76 No. |;V WII.JM IlKA VN. ( ly \\ M \ 1 }'l.Ai f . • |^ WhatPi-ack. Face. Tot A I.. 3043 1682 1143 877 229 Balance, First National, Traders National, Third National, Exihanpe Bank, Miners Bank, Fort Scoti, Oakland, liaiicroft, -Ml. Morris, CoalburgL, Park Bank, Ninth National, Metropolitan, Bowery, Exchange, 14.')0 1942 2:« 116 380 00 16 91 27 34 74751 4129 27 68 7S88<» 95 1 The Casllier, unless tliere be a Vice-President, ranks ne.xt to tlie President, and has certain spccilied duties to perform. lie is apijointed by the Board of Directors and is re- quired to furnish a bond for the faithful performance of liis duties. He keeps a record of the meetings of the Board of Directors, for whom he is the acting secrctaiy. The certifi- cates of stock issued to shareholders are sijjned by him as well as by the President, as also are the notes which circulate as money. Drafts drawn on other banks are usually signed by him, and he indorses personally or by deputy all drafts and notes sent away to other banks for collection. All notes and drafts received from other banks for collection are endorsed over to him. He is the manager of the internal workings of the bank, and has sujiervision of the clerical force. He is expected to have an intimate knowledge of the system of book- keeping ])racticed by his bank, and to see that the work in the various departments is jirop- erly ))erfornied. The Tellers.— The Paying Teller jiaysoutall moneys, issues certificates of deposit, cer- tifies all checks that are to be certilied, and has charge of that i)art of the vault containing the working cash of the bank. He must be acquainted with the signature of each depositor and his daily balance, and be rapid and accurate in the handling of money. He is required to give bonds for the faithful discharge of his duties. The Receiving Teller receives all the money coining into the bank, makes the record therefor, and at night turns over all money received during the day to the Paying Teller. He too must be rapid and accurate in count- ing and handling money, and be able to detect counterfeit money and forged negotiable pajier. Like the Paying Teller he is required to give bonds. Sometimes the two otlices are combined in one. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. JOURNAL DECEMBER 12, 189-. 197 Monroe County National, Clyde. 423" ' Gkneral. 423 34 Fiirmers National, Lincoln, 193^= 1315 1408 4a Traders National, Onlario, Mr>-' 34:> 23 Third National. Brighton, 583" 583 75 Clinton National, 91 P" 911 13 Exchange National, New York, 412!< 68 Deposits, 3048:i 53 Bills Discounted, 37.5(1 (10 4203-i 08 REGISTER. In Account with SECOND NATIONAL COLLEGE BANK, DECEMBER 12, I89-, No. In Whose Favor Drawn. Exchange. Face. Total. 1626 1627 1628 1629 1630 DruramoDd Bank, Pillsford, .Jones Manufacturing Company, ,Iohn Adams. Samuel Wallace, C. W. Davis, Balatice, 5 81 63 50 50 2.-) 4497 4.50(1 397 4.5(1 117 19 00 84 00 92 9962 €S91S 95 00 9 69 — 7S880 95 1 The Bookkeepers. — The bookkeepers in a bank are known as General bookkeeper and Individual bookkeeper. The General bookkeeper has charge of the General Ledger, which usually contains the main accounts of the bank and also accounts with other b;inks. The Individual bookkeeper has charge of tlie Individual or Depositors' Ledger. The duties of the other clerks of a bank will be stated in connection with the explanation of the books. Books Used. — The books used in this bank are Journal, General Ledger, Individual Ledger, New York Draft Register, Discount Ilegister, Collection Register, Discount Tickler and Collection Tickler. Other books such as Offering Book, Dealers Discount Book, Dealers Bill Book, Tellers' Books, Certified Check Book, Certificate of Deposit Book and Statement Book are also used in banks. The Journal sustains the same relation to the banking business that a Main Cash Book does to any mercantile business. On the left-hand side are entered all cash receipts at the commencement of business and afterwards are entered all deposits and collections of whatever kind either in detail or in total. On the right-hand side are entered all payments on deposit account, either in detail or in total, and the amount paid out for notes discounted and for the running expenses of the bank. If balanced the difference between the two sides should show the amount of cash in the vaults of the bank. This balance usually consists of National Bank notes. Treasury Notes, Silver Certificates, Checks on other banks, the notes issued by the bank, Specie and Cash Items. Cash items consist of memoranda of dif- ferent kinds carried as cash. Sometimes the Journal is balanced daily and the balance rep- 198 OFFICE ROUTINE ANU liOOKKEEl'ING. INDIVIDUAL NAME. MONDAY ' • \y. DEC. 13. 1- ■ 1 DNESOAV. DEC. 14. 189-. 1 ; ChcclK llnDctmll Toi«i ^iitKUtl M::.: ' IaU ToUl Clic«kK [X'po»iu> BaIuicv Adams. John. 1 loaoi 85 38 99 M (* ~t 30 37 500 39; 4500 ou 81 OO 1 167 1 4500 M4W 44 00 .^ioo 1846 ill 743 3118 C9I0 1«<31 00 02 56 63 57 8730 41 :16 74 75 UO 30 I4UU 900 3463 1941 11 J 825 3000 448 918 00 00 71 ."lU 00 00 35 30 1400 ffiBOi 1030 3000 448 918 36111 OU .53 63 CO 35 30 09 die 16 1500 ISOO d«48 2ava 76 00 OO 00 35 7330 41 83 82 75 00 41 1000 603 1741 C22 31X1 1074 loOO 1500 1794 on 00 42 90 00 N) 00 OO 60 4103 2364 2874 1500 1^4 23377 42 06 83 00 CO ■a IITl 4325 1500 1000 1(1794 25742 55 UO 00 00 60 99 MOI 96 Drown. H. J. 8S465 3596.1 28659 2i55<) 41 Davis, C. W. 681!) 84«a 10652 8188 74 Jones .Mfg. Co. 16044 1T316 1*576 21096 9i • Certlflcatcs of Deposit, soou 3O0O 1500 UD Certified Checks, l.<«0 1000 09 Cashier AceouDt, THANSItNT ACCOCNTS. LouK. II. S. ni8 918 232206 221.154 205996 20H362 17 = = ~~ ^ • Several accouiit-s nic lure omitted. Init tlio footfiitri* of the ooluinne include (lie n^sults of the aceouuts as well as those illustrated. resents the cash on liaiul, and ihe .Journal a.-; a wliole represents the cash account. Usually, however, a Cash account is opened in the General Ledger and the footings of the Journal are posted daily, but tlie Journal in such a case is never balanced. But whelher this bal- ance is made in tlie Journal or in the Casli Book the jiroof of the balance found is made in a book called a "Blotter," "Cash Proof" or " Casli Balance." It is compiled as follows: On the right-hand side of a perpendicular line running through the center of a blank jiage is set down the balance on liand tlie day i)revious. To this is added the footing of tlie left- hand or debit side of the Journal, and from the amount thus obtained is subtracted the footing of the riglit-liand or credit side; the balance should be the amount on hand. On the left-hand side of said perpendicular line and opposite the work already compiled is made a memorandum exhibiting tlie following: The total amount of bills on hand, the amount of specie on hand, the amount of cash items and the amount of checks and drafts ou hand and treated as casli. The aggregate sum should equal the sum of the other side. The entries in the Journal are made up aliiKJst wholly of totals compiled from other books. The left-hand side has two money columns devoted to "Collection and Exchange" and " Gcncrar' resiiectively. Tlic Collection and Exchange column contains all the items to be credited to Collection and Exchange account, and at the end of the day this column is footed and posted direct to this account in the General Ledger. In the General column are OFFICE ROUTINE AND HOOKKEEl'ING. 199 LEDGER. THUKSDAY. DEC. 15. JS>-. FRIDAY, DEC. 16,189-. SATUKDAY, DEC. 17, 189-. Checks in Detail. Total Checks. Deposits. balance. Checks in DctaU. Total Checks. Deposits. Balance. Checks in Detail. Total Checks. Deposits. Balance. NA.ME. 211 63 12.W 61 84 00 00 88 00 00 w 00 1535 « 00 88 40 87 00 00 00 _ 44 6970 51 41 86 52 00 00 74 00 (10 71 00 CO IS 35 37 71 53 37 24 55 on 72 OO 37 42 6976 51 25 86 71 00 00 92 00 35 62 50 00 17 00 97 67 m 50 71 38 84 11 97 6976 51 46 27 99 00 00 41 Adams, John. 675 675 2i50 27131 365 2000 183 675 3223 2187 26095 1500 1500 113243 651 dl841 23490 Brown, H.J. 12.56 5000 50 Ham Sc Kiiiir. 1 Jones Mf|f. (*o.. i: West's IJalik, T.ivonia. 11 Dec. i:t 5.17 I,. W.Gniy. J. H. Woodward, 19 Second Nat., Lyons, Dec. i» .VvS I'ayiif & Harris. (;. W. Uuvis, 20 Union Itank, .Wft Huiiry L. Kuwler. H. Sibley, 1 15 Our Hank, 2 COLLECTION Win N 1,1 ) r. No. I'A^ Kit. ENDOItSJ.H. w in. HI 1' \ vabi^e. To Whom Sent. Dec. 12 nin Samuel Wallace, J. F,. Hill, Our Bank, B:.'0 Union Bank, D. U. Jones, Our llauk. 921 C. W. Davis, Jas. Ilraekett, Our Bank, '.•22 Our Biuik, Klein & Co., Our Bank, 112:) J. W. M 4 Face OP Paper. 2000 1750 500 1020 450 00 Discount. 6 3 00 79 (' 9 79 Coll. & Ex. 3 19 V 3 19_ 13 Proceeds. Tickler Chock. V V \/ 1994 1743 00 02 37.17 03 497 I61S 448 37 76 35 2.W2 43 For Whom Discounted. W. F. Johnson. Jones Mfg. Co. J. H. Woodward. O. W. Davis. Henry L. Fowler. Ohauk. 201 Rem'ks. Cash. REGISTER Date. TlJIE. For Whom Collected. Face. CHECK. Remarks. T.orCr laid Dee. 13 Sight, Monroe Co. National Dank, 211 93 |/ ,, Credited. " 9 Sight, Clinton National Bank, 805 Int. 70 \! y' Credited. Nov. 13 30 da. Dec. 10 Farmers, Canton, 13-il) 00 ]/ Dec. 9 Sighf, Drmnmonds Bank, Pittsford, 4500 (lU Remitted N.Y.dra ft. ** 13 Sight, Oui-selves, 423 3t V V *• 13 Sight, 1>. J. Slocnm, 193 43 Returned. ** 13 Siii-ht, J. H.Woodward, 315 3:j V V Credited. •* 10 Sight, Case & Weaver, 683 75 V V Credited. Oct. 14 2 mo. Dec. 17 U. L. Mason, 2S5 (10 Dec. \:i Sight, M. Kauffman, 333 16 '' r Credited. At tlio close of banking liours cacli day, every customer's deposit for the day is added to his balance of the day previous, and from this sum the aggregate of his checks is deducted, and the new balance is extended into the " Balance" column. Each column is then footed, excepting that devoted to' " Checks in Detail," and in case there are more than one page of accounts, the footings are carried forward so that the final footings shall exhibit the total amount of checks paid and the total amount of deposits for tlie day, as well as the aggregate of balances of depositors' accounts. The footing of the column of "Total Checks" is carried to the debit of Deposits on the riglit-hand side of the .Journal, and the footing of the column of " Deposits," to the credit of Deposits on the left-hand side of the Journal. The advantages of this form of Lodger are: first, the paying teller can more readily ascertain the condition of a depositor's account; second, the necessity for writing all the names on both sides of the Journel every day is obviated; and, third, tiie bookkeeper has forty or more accounts before him at once, instead of being required to consume a large part of the time turning from one account to another. The New York Draft Register. — In this book is kept, in detail, the account between the bank and its New York correspondent. On the left-hand page are entered all remit- tances to the Chemical National Bank for its credit, with the number of the draft or check, the bank or person by whom drawn, the bank or person on whom drawn, and the amount. On the right-hand page are recorded all drafts drawn by the bank on tlie Chemical National Bank, with the number, the name of the person, bank or firm in wliose favor made, the amount of Collection and Exchange and the face of each draft. {See New York Draft Register, page 196.) This book is balanced every day and the balance brought down, and while an account is kept in the General Ledger with Chemical Bank, simply to show in the 202 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. DISCOUNT TICKLER. DECEMBER 12, 189- No. 1 .Patkk. EM>UltSKK. Where Fa VABI.E. To Wbum Se.NT. Amucat. Ck. Remabcs. SnO W. F. Johnson, SDl iiobert Vuuitlm, Jaino* Hrackett. Lord Jc llarrett. Our Bank, Lnion, City, 12000 2bW 00 18 » p. i- E. 13 5(B H. w. Gloess, 90 I.. W. Darts. 1 Wm. Kayniond, Thos. H. WiUon, Brown & Co.,Can- Farmers. Lincoln. 1 ton. Exchange, City, 785 son 1 00 00 1 P.«E.9tb. COLLECTION TICKLER. DECEMBER 12, 189-. No. Paver. WherePayable.! To Whom Sent. For Whom Coix^cted. AMOUNT. CK. »' Remarks. 833 sa 833 Arthur Rannej-, Jaoot) Hoekstra. A. -M. HastiUKS, ' Lincoln, Farmers Bank, E.xchanire. City, Yonkers, E.icchanjft'. i L. J. Fiirnhain. S. H. Lowe. W. F. .lohnson. 1213 918 8S6 00 ao 82 Retumcl. 872 888 Cha-s. F. Ham, Clyde. Harvey Brown, Union, City, James Angle, Our Bank, Monroe Co., Stillman & Mrxjre. Henry D. Wilson 4 Co.. Traders National, 318 9tS IMO »ll li I 00 P. iE. Protest*^!. quarterly statement all tlie resources and liabilities of the bank, yet this book represents the current condition of the account with Chemical Bank and is the account consulted when information is wanted regarding tlie business with the bank. The aggregate of the remittances to Chemical National Bank for tlie day is charged to that bank on the right- hand side of the Journal, and the aggregate of the drafts made on Chemical National Bank during the day is credited to that bank, on the left-hand side of the Journal. The footing of Collection and Exchange column in this book is credited to Collection and E.xcbange account on the left-hand side of the Journal. If it is deemed desirable this book may be divided into two books as in the case of the Journal, one devoted to remittances made to our correspondent in New York City (or other commercial center) and the other to the" drafts drawn by us upon such correspondents. Discount Register. — This book is a book of original entry and becomes the basis for all transactions involving Bills Discounted. It contains a complete record of all paj)er discounted by the bank, which record is made at the time the paper is discounted. The Amount, Discount, Collection, and E.xchange, and Proceeds columns are footed each day and ruled as illustrated, {See Discount Register, pages 200, 201.) OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKhhj JM^. 208 DEALERS BILL BOOK. JONES MANUFACTURING COMPANY. ■WHEK UISOOCKZED. KO. OTHEK PARTIES LJABLK. Hum ^ Kiu^. UISCOCBTEll FUB HJ.M. UASUC AS £K1>UKS£11.. WHEN KUE. { K£MAKKS. K 1750 1 00 '' 1 JTSO 00 - . II 1 1 1 1 HENRY L FOWLER. Ita^. IS !V»p I H. KbJeT. iJj 00 490 00 1 ■ II 4 1 1 The footing of the Total eoliunn represents the total amount of paper, at its face value, bought during the daj; the Proceeds eolumu represents the total cost, and the difference betveen the two amonnte represents the amount charged by the bank for discount, collec- tion, and exchange, -whieh amount is shown by the footings of the Collection and Exchange and Diseouiit columns. The footing of the " Amount " column is charged to Bills Dis- counted on the right-hand (or paying out) side of the Journal and cheeked in the Discount Eegister. On the left-hand (or receiring) side of the Journal, Discount, Collection and Exchange are credited for the footings of the Collection and Exchange columns. The items in the Proceeds column in the Discount Eegister are posted in the Deposits column of the Indiridual Ledger and then carried to the left-hand side of the Journal, together with other deposits, in one total Excepting where paper is discounted for cash, each party whose najne appears in the "For Whom Discounted" column is credited in the "Deposits" col- umn of the Individual Ledger for the proceeds of the paper discounted {see ezplanaiion of Individual Ledger, page 200) as shown by the amount in the "Proceeds'" column of the Discount Eegister. The amount when so transferred is checked, using as a check either the page in the Individual Ledger on which the depositors's name is entered or the numerical system, which consists in giving each depositor a number from one to the total number of depositors and entering the depositors number as a check mark. For paper discounted for cash, a Cashiers cheek is given by the Discount clerk to the party selling the paper. This check is cashed by the Teller and entered to the debit of Cashiers account in the ''Checks in Detail" column of the Individual Ledger. For tbese cash puTchases the word Cash is entered after the parties' names and the items are credited to Cashier's account in the Individual Ledger. The entries in the Discount Eegister are numbered consecutively. All paper is carefully classified with reference to its maturity so that it may be protected by protest if not paid. This is done by recording each paper by number, name, amount and when legally due in the Discount Tickler under the date of maturity. When so transferred a check mai-k is made in the Discount Eegister in the column headed "Tickler Ck." In case the paper is dishonored and protested the word "Protested" is written opposite the record of it in the " Eemarks " column of the Discount Tickler, and such other }»articnlars regardiag the mat- to- as may be important. 204 OFI-ICE ROUTINE AND bOOKKEEl'ING. Discount Tickler. — As cxpluiiied iibove, in tliis book are entered all the discounted notes or bills, urr:iny;ed with reference to their maturity. The sphere of the Discount Tickler is to insure the presentation of i)aper for payment at the proper time. The Dciilcrs Hill ISook, sometimes called "Individual Liabilities," is designed to show in convenient form the amount of discounted paper carried b)' the bank for each customer. A title page is given to each dealer and the record is compiled from the Dis- count Register. The book is divided into columns as follows: Commencing on the left there are consecutively given the "Date Discounted," " Number " (which is the consecu- tive number in the Discount Register), "Other Parties Liable," "Liable as Endorser," " Liable as Payer," " When Due," and "Remarks." Sometimes the dealer's name is the one written at the head of the page, but the rule is to write the name on the strength of which tlie paper was bought. The book is indexed so that ready reference may be had and the amount on hanil, if any, ni.-iy be ascertained. Some banks observe a very strict record regarding the customers from whom they buy paper. A record is compiled not only like the above for each dealer, but a page is set apart u\)s all the paper discouiited or bought by the bank. Such paper is called Hills Discouiiteil, wliicli is the same as Hills Receivable. Unlike collection i>aper, discounted jiapor is the jjroperty of the bank, and when it is paid Bills Discounted account is credited for the amount of such jiaper. In addition to the discount on discounted paper payabla abroad, charges are usually made for collection and exchange. As the proceeds of each note must be collected and remitted to the bank discounting the paper, if it is col- lected by a bank not a regular correspondent, the cost of exchange will be deducted, in ad- dition to the charge for collection. Were it not for tlie reciprocal arrangement for mutual services, like charges would be made by the bank's correspondents. Thus it will be seen that the charges for collection and exchange made the party for whom the paper is dis- counted, ai'e for services rendered by the bank or its correspondents. When discounted ])a])er ])ayable at tlie bank where it is discounted, falls due, it is charged direct to the ac- count of the makers if their account is good for it. Previous notice is, however, always sent of the maturity of such paper. Some banks require that such paper be taken up or "lifted," as it is called, by check. When paper is discounted for a regular depositor, he is usually credited in account with the i)roceeds. If the party is not a regular depositor, the amount of the proceeds is paid him in cash. In transactions of this kind, the person for whom the paper was discounted is furnislicd a check signed by the cashier, called a " Cashier's Check,'* which is imme- diately cashed by the paying teller and placed among the checks and charged to "Cashier Account." Cashier account is credited for this amount from the Discount Register. This check is drawn for the ])urpose of serving as a voucher of the transaction, and is used for the accommodation of the bank.. Siglit Paper Dcjiosited. — All sight paper deposited becomes the property of tiie bank and is treated as ca.sli. When this jiajjcr is sent away to be collected, the banks to which it is sent are charged for the amount of it at the time it is sent, instead of at the time it is col- lected, as in the case of sight paper received for collection. Whether received for collection or on deposit, all sight jiaper is entered in the Collection Register. Directions for using the Individual Ledger. — Write the names of the dejjositors in ali>habetical order, and Certificates of Deposit, Certified Checks, Cashier and the transient accounts beneath, on the left of the left-hand page and on the right of the right-hand l)age, being particular to i)ut each name on tlie same line on each page. Enter the balance of each account in the "Balance" column, opposite the depositor's name". Enter each cus- tomer's checks jniid during the day in the "Checks in Detail" column, opposite his name, and extend the aggregate of such checks to the "Total Checks" column. Enter each cus- tomer's deposit in the " Deposits" column, and also any collection made for him, from the Collection Register or Collection Tickler, and the proceeds of paper discoun*^ed for him, not paid in cash, from the Discount Register. Enter tlie ])roceeds of discounted paper that was paid in cash also in the "Deposits" column, opposite "Cashier Account." Add each cus- tomer's dejjosit for the day to the last balance of his account, and from that sum deduct the amount of his checks. Tlie dilTerenee will show the jiresent balance of his account, and will be extended into the next "Balance" column, oppi site his name, ^\'llen the account is overdrawn, enter the amount of the "overdraft" in red ink. When the l)alances of all the accounts have been entered as directed, add the " Total Checks," " Deposits" and " Balance" columns. To prove the correctness of this work, lind the dilTerenee between the total checks and OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKKEl'INi;. 207 deposits for the day. This difference will equal the difference between the total balances of the day and the total balances of the day previous. If the " Balance " column contains both black and red ink entries, foot first the black and then the red ink amounts, and place the footings at the bottoni of the column in corresponding ink, and exhibit the difference beneath, which difference will be tlie amount due depositors. The footing of the "Total Checks" column is debited to deposits in the Journal, and the footing of the "Deposits" column is credited to deposits in the Journal. As depositors are credited in the Individual Ledger with the jiroceeds of paper discounted for tiiem, and Deposits account is credited in the Jouriud for the amount of the deposits, it will be necessary to carry the other results of the Discount Kegister to the Journal as well, in order that the Journal may show tlie correct balance of cash. Bills Discounted should, therefore, be debited and Collection and Exchange and Discount credited in the Journal each day for the footings of those columns in the Discount Register. RESOURCES AND LIABILITIES SECOND NATIONAL BANK The Genei'al Ledger of the Second National Bank exhibits the following balances of accounts at the close of business, Saturdav, Dee. 24th. 189-. DEBIT BALANCES. CREDIT BALANCES. Cash. " United States Bonds, ^ Real Estate, ' Furnitnre and Fixtures, ' Expense*, ' National Park Banlj, New York (approved reserve ajrent), ** Chemical National Bank, New York, ^^ Bills Discounted, '» Wayne Co. National Bank, Lyons. " Geo. K. Warren & Co., Bankers, Bath, '* First National Bank, Kocklord, " Norwich National Bank, Norwick, -^ Fanners Bank, Canton, " Third National Rank, Newport, " Exohanjfo National Hank, Bristol, " Traders National Bank, Kinjjston, =" Redemption Fund with U. S. Treasurer (5^ on circulation), ■'' 32348 93 1 50000 (ID 80U0 (10 3500 (HI 1683 10 16323 8.T 4027.-, 13 1237i;7 1(1 3846 11 17SK .■•.1 2S70 97 814 (13 .386 (17 1287 19 3876 24 883 77 2330 00 299099 07 Capital Stock, Circuliitiou. Deposiis, Discount, Collection and Exchang^e^ Surplus Fund, Undivided Profits, 100000 00 45(X)0 0(1 134937 13 3483 71 1319 IS 117.30 m 2718 42 299099 07 {Open accomits in (he General Ledtjer with the above balances, us you would if you were ojienimj a new Ledcjer in any other business, and open them in the order indicated by the num- ber placed before each accovnt. Give the accounts numbered S, Jf, 5, 6, 21, 22, S3 and 24, one- fourth of a page space, and all of the others one-half a page each. Also place the balance on deposit in Chemical Bank in the Netv Yorh Draft Reyister, as illustrated on piaye 196.) The General Ledger used in this set is the ordinary form of Ledger. Some banks, however, use a form of General Ledger similar to the Lidividu.il Ledger illustrated on pages 198 and 191). 208 (JI'TICl-; KOUTIM-; ANU 1300KKEEPING. Tlie following are the balances of depositors' accounts, as shown by the Individual Ledger. It will be observed that the aggregate of these credits is the same as the amount credited to Deposits account in the General Ledger. {Credit each depositor in the Individual Ledger, with the amount opposite his lunne. See direct io)u< for the keeping the Imlividual Ledger, page 200.) (Arrange the accounts in alpha- betical order. ) W. F. .lainesou, 124S« ls (< n'iitK i-tnitimitdr Clius. .1. liurkf. 9173 11 Forward, 82147 08 K. L. Miisdii, Mrc iiy Maxwell Day, S04ti 25 D. J. S=lii(iiiii. 24S:t 74 Samuel Wilder, 7216 07 Stillmaii A: Jloore, li>!»3 81 L. J. Farnswortli, 4388 28 Jas. Auiz *', 4SI7 04 llinffham. Field \- Warci, 8;M3 66 Thomas 11. Wilson, 8I1T «3 llenj. Thomas i Son. 9963 26 Ray HrotliiTS. 7483 54 Lord & Hennett. 6861 98 Meyer ^ KautTTiiaii, Mil 31 T. .1. i- W. E. ITptoM. 8298 16 .lohnsou Mann fact iirintf Company, C9i3 07 CertitkHl Cheeks, 1762 19 Wllliaiu Uaymond, 3W4 C6 Total, 131927 13 Forward, Kil- 08 Tlie following discounted paper, aggregating the amount debited to Bills Discounted account in the (ieneral Ledger, in possession of the bank at this date, should be shown by the Discount Tickler. {See form of Discount 'Tickler, 07i page 202. Enter this discounted paper in the Discount Tickler, each item under its date of maturitg. Add three days of grace to all time paper. Write the dates in order in the Discount and Collection Ticklers, entirely through these hooks, omit tiny Sundays ami holidays.) Since there is no entry or check mark to be made in tlie Discount Hegister at the maturity of paper, it is not necessary for you to enter paper on hand at this date in your Discount Register. In business such paper would, of course, be entered in the Discount Hegister and Discount Tickler at the time it was dis- counted. All paper maturing on Sundays or holidays should be entered under the dale of the first busi- ness day following. The statutes of the various States are not uniform in regard to the time of payment of paper maturing on Sundays and holidays. Remember to add three days of grace to all time paper. Xo. 489. Note oi II. Wliitaker, at 30 days from Xov. :i:kl, indorsed by 1). J. Slocum, payable at Second National Hank, Lyons, for 1500.00. Sent to Wayne County National. (Discount Tickler, seepage 202.) No. 480. Note of II. C. Decker, at 90 days Iroiii Sept. ::i4th, indorsed by W'm. Uay- mond, i)ayable at Exchange Bank, City, for 8750.00. No. 488. Note of W. S. Cluipin, indorsed by W W. Wheeler, at 2 months from Oct. 23d, jiayablc at WoodrufT's Bank, Livonia, for 500.00. Sent to Woodruff's. No. 487. Note of Jfaxwell l);;y, indor.sud bv Burt, Brace & Co., at 1 montii from Nov. 24th, jiayable at our bank, for 10000.00. No. 483. Note of A. 0. Bunnell, indorsed by Joseph Cone, at 3 months from Sept. 24th, iiayable at Exchange Bank, Dansville, for 10500.00. Sent to Exchange Bank. No. 485. Note of A. M. Hastings, indorsed by Samuel Wilder, at C, montlis from .(iine 25tli, payable at Union Bank, City, for 5000.00. No. 484. Note of W. T. Tinsley, indorsed by J. A. Munson and Meyer & KaulTman, at 30 days from Nov. 25th, ])ayable at Wayne Co. National Bank. Lyons, for 7500.00. Sent to Wayne County National. No. 482. Note of H. Bancroft, indorsed by Samuel Wilder, at 3 months from Sept. 25th, )>ayable at our bank, for 9000.00. OFFICE ROUTINE AND I'.OOK KEEPINt;. 209 No. 409. Note of J. Wilson & Co., iiulorscil l,y Lord & Bennett, at GO (Uiys from Oct. 2. R., D. T.) The following drafts on New York were received among the deposits, and have been sent to Chemical Bank, New York, for our credit: No. 234, First National of Dayton, on Shoe & Leather, 2875.00; No. 1851, Commercial of Corning, on Metropolitan, 542.75; No. 753, City Bank of Holley, on Broadway, 37.20; No. 115, Seward's of Auinirn, on Chemical, 1123.14; No. 1321, Exchange of Geneva, on Third National, 2475.00; No. 4, Steel & Avery, City, on D. Slote & Co., 375.00. (iV. Y. D. R. See form on page lf)6. See also explanation ofN. Y. Draft Register, page 201.) Drew the following drafts on Chemical Bank: No. 1585, favor Lord & Bennett, 325.10; exch., 50^. No. 1586, favor Samuel Wilder, 1200.00; exch., 1.50. No. 1587, favor G. W. Cook, 56.15; exch., 15^. No. 1588, favor Meyer & Kauffman, 2500.00; exch., 3.13. No. 1589, favor Stillman & Moore, 300.00; exch., 50^'. No. 1590, favor Thos. H. Wil- son, 10000.00; exch., 12.50. No. 1591, favor W. F. Jameson, 2000.00; exch., 2.50. {N. Y. D. R.) Paid certified check No. 4392. Amount, 384.16. {I. L. Seepage 198.) The Teller certifies a checlc presented for certification, provided the maker's account is good for the amount, and places a slip memorandum on a spindle, giving the name of the maker and the amount of the check. The book keeper debits the depositor for such check from this slip, and credits Certified Checks account. When the check is paid Certified Checks account is debited. 212 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. Received the following deposits: Lord & Bennett. 1285.50; Sainia'l Wilder, 976.00j Johnson Manufuulurinir Co., 2S75.00; Stillman & Moore, 1873.25; Chas. J. Hiirke, 5460,00; James Angle, 375.00; W. F. Jameson, 020. U; D. J. Slocum, 4.3?.12; Rjiy Bros., 850.11; Wm. Raymond, 1750.23; L. J. Farnsworth, 493.92; Benj. Thomas & Son, 1250.00; T. J. & \V. E. Upton, 2115.00. (/. L. Enter the above deposits in the "Deposits" column of the Individual Ledger, and the folloiving checks in the '' Checks in Detail" column. See form of I. L. page lOS. ) Ii will be found necessary to write the amounts of checks in very small figures to afford room for all in the space allotted. It is customary in business lo leave two or more lines for one account, if it be a very active one involving the entry of more checks than could be entered on one line. Deposits are entered from Deposit Tickets made out and brought to the bank by the depositors. The teller, after checking the deposits on the Deposit Tickets and examining the footings, places the tickets on a spindle from which the bookkeeper takes them and makes the proper entries. Paid the following checks: Bingham, Field & AVard, 375 00, 920.50, 1000.00; Lord & Bennett, 2118.00, 325.00, 92.15; Samuel Wilder, 2025.00, 37.50, 325.00, 150.00; Wm. Riy- mond, 200.00, 480.00, 3115.00; Meyer& Kanffman, 4275.00, 85.00; Thos. H. Wilson, 8000.00;. Stillman & Moore, 2500.00, 187.50, 300.00; R. L. Mason, 3250.00, 132.00, 247.18; AV. F. Jameson, 2000.00, 342.25, 1175.00. (/. L. See " Directions for using 1. L.," page 206.) Collection and E.xchauge, from Teller's Memorandum, 7.25. (J. See form of Journal, page 106.) The items of Collection and E.\change on sight drafts and foreign checks received on deposit are entered in the Teller's Jlenioraiidum at the time the- deposits arc made, and are either paid in cash by the depositors or deducted from the deposit tickets. Collection and Exchange is credited in the Journal at the end of the diiy for the sum of such items. You will now balance the Xew York Draft Register {see form on pages 198, 197), and crtrry the aggregate of the drafts drawn on Chemical National Bank to the credit of that bank on the left-hand side of the Journal, the footing of the Collection & E.xchauge columa to the Collection & E.xchauge column on the left-hand side of the Journal, and the aggre- gate of remittances to Chemical Xalional Bank to the debit of that bank on the right-hand side of tho Journal (see form of Journal, pages 196, 197). Add and rule the columns in the- Discount Register {see form on pages 200, 201), and enter the footing of the column contain- ing the amount of paper discounted to the debit of Bills Discounted on the right-hand side of the Journal, the footings of the Discount and Collection & E.xchauge columns to the credit of those accounts on the left-hand side of the Journal. The items in the Proceeds column should be credited to the jjarties for wiioin discounted, in the Individual Ledger, writing the amounts over the deposits in cases where deposits have been made this day, and placing the letter "d" against the amount as illustrated in the form of Individual Ledger shi)wn on page 196. Check each ])osting in the Discount Register as illustrated on i)age 201. Extend the balances of depositors' accounts into the " Balance" column in the Individ- ual Ledger, and foot the column; foot tiie "Total Checks" and ** Deposits" column, and carry tile footings to the Journal. {Sec" Directions for using I. L.," page 200.) Rule the Individual F^dger at the bottom ot the page. You will also add and rule the Journal, carrying tiie footings of the Collection & Ex- change into the General column. {See form of Journal on pages 196 and 197.) Post all the items in tlie General column on the left-htmd i)age to the credit of the respective accounts lu the General Ledger, and the footing of the Collection & Exchange column to the credit OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 213 of Collection & Exchange account in the General Ledger, and those in the General column on the right-hand page to tlie debit of the respective accounts. Debit Cash account in the General Ledger with the footing of the left-hand page of tlie Journal, and credit it with the footing of the right-hand page. DECEMBER 27, 189-. Received advice from Wayne County National Bank, Lyons, tiiat coUoction No. 81!) has been paid and placed to our credit. {J. & I, L. Charge 11'. C N. Bank, 5Slf..7o, and credit It. L. Mason, oSJ^.25, and Coll. and Ex., 50c. Check Paid and Entered, or P. £ E. in the Collection Tickler. See next to last 'paragraph on page 205. ) Also received notice from Farmers Bank, Canton, that collection No. 825 has been jiaid and placed to our credit. (./. & I. L. Charge Fanners Bank, 1250.00, in J., and credit Stillman £ Moore, mQ.OO, in I. L. and Coll. <.(■ E.t., 1.00 in. J. Check P. £ E. in C. T. See next to last paragraph on page 205. ) Collection No. 824 has been paid. (/. L. Credit Meger £ K., 215.00, and check P. & E. in G. T. See third last paragraph on page 205.) Discount No. 487 has been placed among the ciiecks, and will be charged to the account of the maker. Maxwell Day, at the close of business for the day. [J. Check P. £ E. in D. T. See last paragrctph on page 205.) Since this note was made by one of our depositors, and liis account is good for the amount, it is only necessary to credit Bills Discounted, 10000.00, at this time, and place the note among the vouchers that are to be charged to depositors. See list of checks paid, below. Received advice from Wayne County National Bank, that discount No. 489 has been paid and jilaced to our credit. (/. Credit Bills Discounted and debit W. C. JV. Baiik 1500.00, and check Paid and Entered, or P. £ E., in the Discount Tickler.) Received draft No. IGl, on Sixth National Bank, New York, from Woodruff's Bank, Livonia, for proceeds of discount No. 488, less 25^' collection and 25{^ exchange. {J. Credit Bills Discounted, 500.00, and debit Coll. £ Ex., 50aid. {See "Discount Pa])er," page 206.) Received the paper described below, from tlie following banks, for collection and credit: From Geo. K. Warren & Co., Bath, A. L. Underhill's draft on Harvey Brown, dated this day, at 2 days' sight, 942.17. The drawee accepts the draft upon ])rescntation, ]iavable at Union Bank, City. (C. A'., C. T.) From First National, Hockford, Brooks & Smith's sight draft on 0. W. Lansing, city, 1455.00. Collected and credited to First National Bank, Rockford, 1455.00. (C. R.,J.) From Farmers, Canton, S. P. Stevens' sight draft on M. M. Ward, 32.18. Collected and credited to Farmer.s, Canton, 32.18. From First Nation;il, Belleville, B. T. Jones & Co.'s sight draft on Yeoman & Blake, 411.75. Collected and remitted draft Xo. 1598 on Chemical Bank for 411.50. Collection, 25c. {Enter in C. R. onUj at this time. Enter the collection in the Exchange column in N. Y. D. R.) This draft will be entered to the credit of Cbemical Bank, in the N. Y. D. H., with others, at close of banking hours, and the collection will be credited to Coll, & Exch. at the same time by being entered in the Exchange column in that btiok. These entries will be made from the stub of the draft book. Since the First National Hank of Belleville is not a regular correspondent, we make a charge for collecting the fore- going draft, but only one half of the charge wc would make to au individual. No charge for exchange. See list of drafts drawn on Clieinical Hank. Received remittances from our correspondents, on account, as follows: From Wayne Co. National, draft No. 4142, on Fifth National, New York, for 5000.00. From Third National, Newport, draft No. 373, on Bowery Bank, New Y''ork, for 1287.19. (J. Credit the banks making these remittances.) These drafts, with others received during to-day's business, will be remitted to Chemical Bank at the close of banking hours, and at that time will be charged to Chemical Bank in the N. Y. D. R. Remitted our draft. No. 1599, on Cheniieul Bank, for 3000.00, to Norwich National Bank, on account. This will be credited to Chemical Hank, with others, at the close of the day. This could hz entered in the N. Y. D. K. at once, but these drafts are usually torn from a stub when issued, and are entered in the N. Y. D. R. from the stubs at the close of the day. The following sight drafts on individuals and firms, received on dejiosit, have been sent forward for collection and credit: Lord & Bennett, on W. H. Atwater, Lyons, 211.50; seat and charged to Wayne Co. National. Win. Raymond, on W. Dunn, Co.-ning, 275.50; sent to Livingston's Bank, and charged to Livingston's Bank iu Sundry Banks and Bankers ac- counts. {See " Sight Paper Deposited," page 206.) Livingston's Hank not being a regular c()rres|>ondent, we do not wish to open a separate account with it. We therefore open an account with Sundry Hanks and Hankers, and debit that account for theamount of the draft sent Livingston's Bank. Debit Livingston's Bank in the Journal, and place S. B., the initials for Sundrj' Hanks and Bankers, after the entry, and post the item to Sundry Hanks and Bankers account in the General Ledger. When the proceeds are received, credit Livingston's Bank for the fare of the draft, and post it to the credit of Sundry Banks an at Second National Bank, Lyons; sent Wayne Co. National for collection. Discount, 1G.50; collection, 3.00; exchange, 3.75. OFFICE KUUriNK AM) lu )()K K KKl'l \G. 217 For Jas. Angle, Young & Baldwin's note for liSd.dO, at. 15 ilays fi-om date, piiyablo at Union Bank, City. Discount, 1.14. For L. J. Farnsworth, T. K. Scott's nolo for ISOd.Od, at 1 month from 2:3, indorsed bv W. M. Bond, payable at our bank. Discount, T.(i7. Received the following jjaper for collection: From D. J. Slocum, his sight draft on Ward & Holmes, Lyons, for 149.44; sent AVayne County National. From Samuel Wilder, his sight draft on King t1- Co., Canton, for SotJ.lMt; sent Farmers Bank, Canton. From Chas. J. Burke, his sight draft on Warren & Co., Belfast, for 1492.00; sent First National Bank, Belfast. From L. W. Perry, his sight draft on Wilson & Caldwell, Newport, for 304.87; sent Third National, Newport. From Thos. II. Wilson, his sight draft on Nellis & Knox, Rockford, for 182.50; sent First National, Rockford. Drew the following drafts on Chemical Bank: No. 1598, favor First National, Belle- ville, 411.50; e.xch., 25^. No. 1599, favor Norwich Natioaal, 3000.00. No. 1600, favor T. J. & W. E. Upton, 400.00; exch., 50'/. No. IGOl, favor Lord & Bennett, 52.25; e.xch., 15^. No. 1G02, favor Samuel Wilder, 1790.26; exch., 2.24. No. 1603, favor Johnson Mfg. Co., 5992.50; exch., 7.50. No. 1604, favor D. J. Slocum, 74.75; exch., 15'/. Remitted to Chemical Bank, for our credit, the following drafts on New York, received during the day: No. 1486, Exchange National Bank, Dansville, on Bowery Bank, 10494.75; No. 4142, Wayne County National Bank, Lyons, on Fifth National, 5000.00; No. 372, Third National, Newport, on Bowery Bank, 1287.19; No. 1009, First National, Memphis, on Broadway, 63.94; No. 416, Wheeler's Bank, Belleville, on Second National, 489.43; No. 3142, Richmond's Bank, Batavia, on Chemical, 6300.00; No. 113, Ray Bros, on Cook & Lane, New York, 987.00. Received the following deposits, as shown by deposit tickets filed: Lord & Bennett, 3000.00 Benj. Thomas & Son, 1790.00; L. J. Farnsworth, 315.00; Wm. Raymond, 775.00; Johnson Mfg. Co., 5275.00; Ray Bros., 2910.00; Thos. II. Wilson, 1800; Stillman & Moore, 6150.00; R. L. Mason, 8219.40; Chas. J. Burke, 3926.42. Paid the following checks: T. J. & W. E. Upton, 242.69, 400.00; Lord & Bennett, 52.75, 146.90, 2234.46; Bingham, Field & Ward, 824.50, 640.00, 1138.55; Samuel Wilder, 2134.30, 86.25; Johnson Mfg. Co., 896.81, 27.50, 6000.00; Ray Bros., 4500.00; Jas. Angle, 1690.00, 47.25; D. J. Slocum, 75.00, 1792.03, 250.00. Collection & Exchange, from Teller's Memorandum, 16.92. Rule and foot the New Y(n-k Draft Register, the Discount Register, and the Individual Ledger, and carry the results to the Journal. Rule, foot and jiost the .Journal, as directed on ])age 212. DECEMBER 29, 189-. Received advice that the following collections have been paid: No. 822; Coll. & Exch., 25(i. No. 820; Coll. & Exch., oO'f:. No. 829; Interest, 8.16; Coll. & E.xch., 1.00. {J. S I. L.) 218 OKI-ICE ROUTINE AND bOOKKEKl'ING. Collection No. 840 has been jiaid. {Crfdit Jns. Amjle, 750.00, and SS davs' interest, J,. IS; total, Ihlt.lS. I. L.) Be careful to muke the proper check mark in the C. T. Received advice from Wayne County National Bank that discount No. 484, has been paid, 7500.00. Discount No. 490, i>ayable at our bank, has been charged to the account of tlie maker. (See "Discount Paper." page 206.) Received 3000.00 on deposit from W. 0. Snyder. Issued him a Certificate of Deposit. {Credit Certificates of Deposit hi the Individual Ledger. Open an account with Certificates of Deposit. ) W. G. Snyder is not a customer, and instead of crediting him for his deposit, we, at his request, issue him a Certificate of Deposit, and credit Cerlificales of Deposit account. A Cerlifitaleof Deposit is a paper headed with the niime and location of the bank, and the date, stating that Mr. has deposited dollars in this institution, payable to himself, or order, upon return of this certificate properly indorsed, and is signed by the president or cashier, or both. Received the paper described below, from the banks named, for collection and credit: From Farmers, Canton, P. G. White's sight draft, dated 28th, on Jas. Angle, for 94.16. Presented, accepted, and placed among the checks. (Credit Farmers, Canton, 94..16.) From D. G. Lamson's Bank, Belfast, C. A. Stone's sight draft, dated 27th, on Hart & Shepard, for 298.75, Collected. Remitted our draft on Chemical Bank for the amount, less 25?'. for collection. (C. R.) This draft will be entered in the N. Y. I). R. at the close of business hours. No entry at this time excepting in the C. U. From Wayne County National, AVcaver & Janes' sight draft on Peter Wallace & Co., for 873.25, dated 2Sth. Collected. (See third laM paragraph on page 205.) From Traders National, Kingston, Jas. Angle's note, at 3 months from Sept. 30th. indorsed by E. II. Mott & Co., for 1400.00, payable at our bank. From Wisncr & Clark's Bank, Clyde, W. A. Hood's note, indorsed by C. A. Parry v!? Co., for 375.00, at 30 days from Dec. 10th, payable at Exchange Bank, City. From Norwich National, Warren & Sharp's sight draft on L. W. Gage for 162.11, dated Dec. 28th. Collected. The following described paper, received on deposit, has been sent to the banks named, for collection, and charged to their respective accounts: Samuel Wilder's sight draft on Tiibbs & Co., Kingston, for 194.50; to Traders National, Kingston. D. J. Slocum's sight draft on Norman Lacy, Rockford, for 34.17; to First National, Rockford. Johnson Mfg. Co.'s sight draft on B. A. Cole, Livonia, for 86.40; sent to WoodrulTs Bank, Livoniii. (Charge Woodruff's Bank in Sundry Banks and Bankers account. See note on page 216.) Bcnj. Thomas & Son's sight draft on ^I. F. Burgess, Newport, for 346.94; sent Third National, Newport. Lord & Bennett's sight draft on L. M. Newton, Bath, for 732.81; sent Geo. K. Warren & Co., Bath. Bingham, Field & Ward's sight draft on Newman & Gregg, Bristol, for 17.39; sent Exchange National, Bristol. Received the following paper from our customers and others for collection: From Ray Bros., sight draft on G. II. Wilson & Co., Ilolley, for 182.90; sent City Bank, Uolley. From Thos. II. Wilson, Iladley & Holmes' note, at 3 months from Oct. 4th, for 918.92, payable at P'irst National, Lyons; sent Wayne County National, Lyons. From Dunn & Cole, sight draft on D. F. Coates, Geneva, for 803.50; sent Exchange, Geneva. OFFICE ROUTINE AND 1500K KEEI'I NG. 219 Discounted the following paper: For R. L. Mason, Havens & Co.'s note for 450.00, at 30 days from this date, payable at Union Bank, City. Discount, 2.48. For Samuel Wilder, his note for 1500.00, indorsed by J. A. Lindsay, at 30 days from the 28th inst., payable at our bank. Discount, 8.00. For Meyer & Kauffman, Robert Moore's note for 2200.00, at 20 days from this date, payable at First National, Lyons. Discount, 8.43; coll., 2.00; oxch., 2.75. Sent to Wayne County National. For J. A. Bush, Philip Warner's note for 500.00, indorsed by Jolin Rice, at 30 days from this date, payable at Union Bank, City. Proceeds paid in cash. Discount, 2.75. (Write "Cash" after Bush's nmne hi the "For Whom Discounted" column in the Discount Register, so that it will he posted to Cashier Accoutit instead of to the account of the customer; see checks beloio. See second paragraph on page 306.) For Wyman & Fisher, their note, indarsed by J. IL Price, at 1 month from the 24th instant, for 600.00, payable at Farmers, Canton. Proceeds paid in cash. Discount, 2.!)0. Coll. & Exch., L50. Sent Farmers Bank. For Joiinson Mfg. Co., Darwin & Kent's note for 1500.00, at I month from the 24th inst., payable at Norwich National, Norwich. Discount, 7.25; coll. & exch., 2.88. Sent to Norwich National. Drew the following drafts on Chemical Bank: No. 1G05, favor Johnson Mfg. Co., 998.75- exch., 1.25. No. 1606, favor D. C. Allison, 17.00; exch., 15c. No. 1607, favor W. F. Jameson, 244.50; exch., 50c. No. 1608, favor L. S. Lansing, 116.00; exch., 25c. No. 1609, favor D. J. Slocum, 4993.75; exch., 6.24. No. 1610, favor P. J. Dudley, 73.50; exch., 15c. No. 1611, favor Meyer & Kauffman, 2496.87; exch., 3.12. No. 1612, favor W. B. Sage, 1000.00. exch., 1.25. No. 1613, favor Lord & Bennett, 1598.00; exch., 2.00. No. 1614, favor D. G. Lamson's Bank, 298.50; exch., 25c. Remitted to Chemical Bank, for our credit, the following drafts on New York, received during the day: No. 1042, First National, Princeton, on Bowery Bank, 192.82; No. 213, Woodruff's, Livonia, on Sixth National, 1482.90; No. 194, Ward's Bank, Union, on Third National, 18.25; No. 1516, Exchange National, Dansville, on Bowery, 411.07; No. 2104, Commercial, Corning, on Metropolitan, 1242.16; No. 13492, First National, Waverly, on Union Trust Co., 27.90; No. 826, City Bank, HoUey, on Broadway, 146.83; No. 1513, Ex- change, Geneva, on Third National, 875.00; No. 482, First National, Butler, on Chemical, 218. IL Received the following deposits: W. F. Jameson, 584.00; D. J. Slocum, 1395.18; Jas. Angle, 2873.00; Thos. H. Wilson, 843.10; Meyer & KaufPman, 4200.00; Johnson Mfg. Co., 5125.00; Samuel Wilder, 943.92; Bingham, Field & Ward, 550.00; Benj. Thomas & Son, 1975.00; Lord & Bennett, 2400.00. Opened an account with J. IL Wentworth & Co., and received a dejiosit of 1250.00. Paid the following checks: Johnson Mfg. Co. 1000.00,396.00, 2584.00, 3000.00; T. J. & W. E. Ui)ton, 985.00, 146.32, 75.00, 843.90; W. F. Jameson, 245.00, 2940.00, 133.25; D. J. Slocum, 5000.00; Jas. Angle, 3500.00, 200.00, 75.00, 186.90, 94.16; Thos. IL Wilson, 2735.50; Meyer & Kauffman, 2500.00, 1500.00, 49.26; Lord & Bennett, 85.00, 242.50, 1600.00; G. H. Perkins, 925.68, Casliier, 497.25, 595.60. Collection and Exchange, from Teller's Memorandum, 27.85. Rule, foot, and post, as heretofore instructed. 220 UKKllJl-: koCTIN'K AM) HUUK K Klil'ING. DECEMBER 30, 18—. Keceived adTices that the following colk'otioiis have been ])aid: No. 861; coll. & exch., 50c. No. 802; coll. & excli., 50c. Received from First National Bank of Belfast a draft. No. 8U4G, on Nintii National Bank, for i)roceeds of No. S(i3, less 50c. for collection. {Credit Coll. d- Exch., 50c., the dif- ference betiveen our charge and that of Belfast Bank; and credit Chas. ./. Burke, H91.00; see third last paragraph on })age 20.'>.) No. S()4; coll. & exch., 50c. No. Siio; coll. & exch., 50c. Credit L. W. Perry, in Individual Ledger, under " Transient Accounts," for the proceeds of collectioD No. 864. Collection No. 832 has also been paid. (/. L.) Discounts Nos. 405, 491 and 493 have been paid. {See "Discount Paper," page 206. At this time credit Bills Discounted only.) Received the following described paper, from the banks named, for collection. All of the sight drafts were paid U])on ]ircsentation. From Tliird National, Newport, Clark & Co.'s sight draft, dated -v'Sth, .)ii J. II. Rich, for 197.46. From Exchange National, Hri.stol. L. .M. DePuy's sight draft, dated 29th, on M. W. Cheney, City, for 388.19. From Wayne County National, J. F. Osgood'c note at 90 day.s from Oct. 4th, indorsed by W. P. Follett, payable at Union Bank, City, for 1385.00. From Cascade Bank, Portage, Norman Seymour's sight draft, dated 2Sth, on W. F. Lawrence, City, for 843.90. Remitted draft No. 1615, on Chemical Bank, for the jiroceeds, less 25^ for collection. From Traders National, Kingston, Duncan Jones' sight draft, dated 28th inst., on 11. P. Randall, for 240.83. The following paj)er, received on dei)osit, has been sent to the banks named for our credit: D. J. Slocum's sight draft, dated 29th, on Frank W. Brown, Corning, for 382.00; sent Livingston's Bank, Corning. (Charge Livingston's Bank, in Sundry Banks and Bankers Account, for the draft.) Maxwell Day's sight draft, dated 30th, on Wing & Walker, Rockford, for 181.40; sent and charged to First National Bank, Rockford. J. IL Wcutworth & Co.'s sight draft, dated 29lh, on Holmes & Co., Geneva, for 23.82; sent Exchange Bank, Geneva. {Charge Sundry Banks for the draft sent Exchange Bank.) Wni. Raymond's sight draft, dated 30th, on H. A. ilillcr, Lyons, for 392.50; sent Wayne County National. H. L. Ma.son's .sight draft, dated 30th, on ^M. F. Griffith. Canton, for 49.80; sent Farmers. Discounted the following jjaper: For H. W. Phillips, his note, indorsed by IL Chase and Andrew Springer, for 1000.00, at 30 d.iys from this date, jiayable at Wayne County National Lyons. Di.scount, 5.50; coll., 1,00; exch., 1.25. Proceeds paid in cash. {See second para- graph on page 206. ) For R. L. Mason, Shelby & Co.'s note, at 30 days from the 28tli. payable at Norwich National, for 575.00. Discount, 2.97; coll. bOf; exch., 72^'. P'or Samuel Wilder, Jones & Hardy's note, at 30 davs from the 29lh, jjayable at Union Bank, City, for 173.91. Discount, 93^. OFFICE ROUTINE AND liOOKKEEPINU. 221 For Morgan & Seelye, H. A. Wood's note, indorsed by L. M. Lay, at ;30 days from this date, payable at Exchange Bank, City, for 1485.00. Discount, 5.69. Proceeds paid in cash. Drew the following drafts on Chemical Bank: No. 1015, favor Cascade Bank, Portage, for 843.65; exch., 25^^. No. 1616, favor Chas. J. Burke, for 9990.00; exch., 10.00. No. 1617, favor E. L. Mason, for 2188.00; exch., 2.74. No. 1618, favor K. W. Bush, for 18.50; exch., 15^. No. 1619, favor A. B. Ward, for 143.00; exch., 25r/. No. 1020, favor Jerome Sackett, for 82.19; exch., 15'/. Remitted Chemical Bank the following drafts and checks on New York, received during the course of to-day's business: No. 8040, First National, Belfast, on Ninth National, 1491.50; No. 1143, Second National, Westboro, on Bowery, 188.63; No. 890, Grangers Bank, Jackson, on Metropolitan, 804.50; No. 693, Exchange Bank, Norwich, on Sixth National, 92.18; No. 13483, Manufacturers Bank, Middletown, on Ninth National, 1143.75; No. 132, F. W. Eichmond, Goshen, check on Chemical, 945.00. Received the following deposits: D. J. Slocum, 1294.11; Wm. Raymond, 3250.00; Max- well Day, 3960.12; L. J. Farnsworth, 3118.07; Lord & Bennett, 0190.83; T. J. & W. E. Upton, 4114.00; J. H. Wentworth & Co., 8073.95; R. L. Mason, 5000.00. Paid the following checks: Chas. J. Burke, 10000.00, 546.50, 1850.00; E. L. Mason, 134.05 (note), 5000.00; Jas. Angle, 314.98, 1105.00. 12.3.10, 85.00; Stillman & Moore, 3500.00, 1492.50; Johnson Mfg. Co., 1122.50, 97.00, 2402.75; Samuel Wilder, 180.42, 1729.03; Bingham, Field & Ward, 910.40, 2422.76; Benjamin Thomas & Son, 10000.00; Cashier, 992.35, 1479.31. Collection and Exchange, from Teller's JMuuioraudum, 11.90. Add, rule and post, as heretofore directed-. DECEMBER 31, 18-. Received advices that the following collections have been jiuid: No. 828; coll. & exch., 1.00. No. 827; coll. & exch., 50'/. No. 820; coll. & exch., 25f. No. 834; coll. & exch., 50'/. Received from Exchange Bank, Geneva, their draft No. 910, on First National Bank, New York, for proceeds of Collection No. 880. Amount of draft, 803.25. collection, 25^'. {Credit Dunn S Cole, in Individtial Ledger, S6S.0O; and credit Collection £ ExcUamje account, 25c. Be careful to make the proper rliech marh in tite C. R. Charge Chemical Bank in N. Y. D. R. for Collection Xo. 827.) Collection No. 830, payable in the city, has been paid. (Credit S. H. Lowe in I. L., under " Transie)it Accounts" 9 18. SO.) Received from WoodrufE's Bank, Livonia, draft No. 317, on Sixth National, for proceeds of Collection No. 874, less charges for collection. {Credit Woodruff's Bank in Simdry Banks account for 86.Jfi, and dehit Collection & Exchange, 12c.) Collection No. 859 has been returned protested, and the drawers. Lord & Bennett, to whom it was credited, have given us their check for its face, 311.50, and the cost of protest, 1.35. {Credit the hank to which it was sent for the total amount, 212.85. L. & BJ's check for the same amount will he charged up with others at the close of the day. Mark the paper "Protested" in the "Remarks" column in the C. R.) Collection No. 878 has been returned dishonored. {Mark it "Returned" or "Ret." i?i the "Remarks" column in the 0. R. See "Collection Paper," page 205.) 222 OFFICIC ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. No entrj' is required. Tlie paper whs received for collection, bence it is only necessary to return i! to the drawers, Ray Bros. It is not cuslomary to make a charge for our trouble unless the collection is made. When a sight draft is left for collection, it is customary for the owner to request the bank not to protest it if it is not paid. In such a case a " No Protest" is attached to the draft, and if not paid the draft is returned to us and we return it to the owner. When we receive a draft on deposit, we protest it if not paid, to hold the drawer. Discount No. 492 1ms been paid. Discount No. 497 not liiiving been paid, has been protested. {Mark "Pro/e.sfed" in I). T.) Many banks have an account with Protested Paper, debiting Protested Paper and crediting Bills Dis- counted for dishonored Bills Discounted; but the custom is becoming general to leave all discounted paper in the Bills Discounted account until it is paid, a judgment obtained, or it is found to be worthless. In case judi;ment is obtained. Judgment Account is debited f«r the entire amount, face of note, interest and costs, and Bills Discounted is creiiiled for face of note, and Interest for the interest upon it. In cjise the judgment proves to be worthless, Loss and Gain is debited and .Judgment account credited. Received advice that Discount No. 494 has been paid. Received the following described paper, from other banks, for collection and credit, all of which was i)aid upon ])resentation: From AVayne County Xational, W. L. Coot's sight draft on Jlyrou G. Peek, dated 30th, for 9154.18, and Henry J. Lansing's sight draft on Maxwell Day, dated 29th, for 74.75. Presented the latter to drawee, who has accepted it, payable at our bank. The draft was i)laced among the checks. {See list of checks paid.) From Norwich National, Jacob Sterling's sight draft on Newman & Barry, dated 29th, for 13.40. From First National. Uockford, Dwiglit Weaver's sight draft on Coltoii I'i Manning, dated 30th, for 97.80. From First National Bank, Jellerson, Homer Sprague's sight draft on Wm. H. Lyon, dated 29th inst., for 114.93. Collected, and remitted our draft No. 1621, on Chemieal Bank, for 1 14.78. Collection, 15^. (C. R. No entry at this time in N. Y. D. R.) The following jjuper received on deposit, payable abroad, has been sent to the banks named for collection: Samuel Wilder's sight draft, dated to-day, on W. D. Jones, Newjjort, for 13G.92; sent to Third National, Newport. James Angle's sight draft, dated to-day, on 1. W. Woolson, Bristol, for 23.44; sent E.xchange National, Bristol. James Angle's sight draft, dated to-day, on Hurd & Thomas, Canton, for 61.27; sent Farmers Bank, Canton. Received the following paper for collection: From T. J. & W. E. Upton, AVarren Lee's note, at 90 days from Oct. 12th, for 500.00, payable at Union Bank, City. From Johnson Mfg. Co., n. IJurt's note, at 30 days from Dec. 13th, for 873.40, i)ayable at Lansing's Bank, Lyons; sent Wayne County National. From David Gray, his sight draft on Geo. H. New- ell, Cliester, dated this day, for 94.50; sent First National, Chester. Discounted the following paper: For Henry Sears, Thomas Brooks' note, indorsed by Frank Woodbury & Son, at 30 daj's from date, payable at LTnion Bank, City, for 525.00. Discount, 2.89. Paid cash for proceeds. For Stillman & Moore, Fanning & Peck's note, at 20 days from dale, payable at E.^ccliange Bank, (;ity, for 1500.00. Discount, 5.75. For Wm. Uayinond, Ellis & Hayden's note, at 30 days from tiie 27th inst., payable at First National, Lyons, for 2650.00. Discount, 12.81; coll., 2.00; exch., 3.31. Sent Wayne Co. National. OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. 223 Drew the following drafts on Chemical Bank: No. 1621, favor l-'irst National, Jefferson, 114.78; exch., 159«. No. 1622, favor D. J. Slocum, 200.00; exch., 50^'. No. 1633, favor Johnson Mfg. Co., 3500.00; exch., 4.38. No. 1624, favor J. II. Wentworth & Co., 100.00; exch., No. 1635, favor L. J. Farnsworth, 3000.00; exch., 3.75. Remitted Chemical Bank the following drafts on New York, received among the deposits: No. 1009, Howard's Bank, Dundee, on Bowery, 446.94; No. 464, First National, Preston, on Manufacturers and Traders, 133.39; No. 104, J. 11. Clark's Bank, Woodville, on Croton, 373.91; No. 1264, Second National, Plainville, on Ninth National, 3500.00; No. 749, Lamont & Thomas, Morrisville, on Sixth National, 383.46; No. 6891, First National, Williamstown, on Chemical, 11.18; No. 317, Woodruff's Bank, Livonia, on Sixth National, 86.28; No. 910, Exchange Bank, Geneva, on First National, 863.25. Received the following deposits: Samuel Wilder, 1947.80; D. J. Slocum, 375.00; R. L. Mason, 1200.00; Stillman & Moore, 900.00; Jas. Angle, 1349.62; Lord & Bennett, 4480.00; Bingham, Field & Ward, 683.11; J. H. Wentworth & Co., 3963.43; Benj. Thomas & Son, 1646.93. Paid the following checks: D. J. Slocum, 183.41, 943.86, 100.00, 200.00; L. J. Farns- worth, 3000.00; Wm. Raymond, 163.50, 394.05, 873.13; Lord & Bennett, 4000.00, 1263.44, 212.85; Johnson Mfg. Co., 3500.00, 150.00, 150.00; J. H. Wentworth, 1839.38, 163.90, 100.00; T. J. & W. E. Upton, 113.73, 986.09, 350.00; Bingham. F. & W., 3375.00; Max- well Day (draft), 74.75; Cashier, 533.11. Collection and Exchange, from Teller's Memorandum, 33.45. Remitted National Park Bank, currency, 25000.00. Paid salaries for month as follows: Cashier, 300.00; Teller, 150.00; Bookkeeper, 100.00; Assistant Bookkeepers, 75.00, 50.00; Messenger, 35.00; Janitor, 35.00. Add, rule and post, as heretofore directed. You may now take a trial balance of the General Ledger to ascertain whether it is in balance, and also a proof of the Individual Ledger to ascertain whether the difference corre- sponds with the difference between the sides of the Deposits account iu the General Ledger. If correct, your results will agree with the following: STATEMENT OF SECOND NATIONAL BANK, AT CLOSE OF BUSINESS, SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1 Cash, 67005 29 Capital Stock, 100000 00 United States Bonds, 50000 00 C'ircidation, 45000 00 Real Estate, 8000 00 Discount, 3679 82 Furniture and Fixtures, 2590 00 Collection and Exchange, 1451 17 Expense, 3330 37 Surplus Fund, 11750 63 Loans & Discounts (Bills Discounted), 78141 31 Undivided Frofits, 2718 42 Redemption Fund, 2250 00 Due Depositors, 143740 77 Due from oilier Banks and Bankers, 982f>(! 43 Due other Banks and Bankers, 14J 59 308483 40 308483 40 You will next close all accounts exhibiting gains and losses into the Loss and Gain account, except the accounts with Real Estate and Furniture and Fixtures, which are inventoried at cost. The net gain is 2810.63. 224 OFFICE ROUTINE AND BOOKKEEPING. You will next close the net gain into Surplus Fund actoum, Divident? account and Undivided Profits account, by a Journal entry, instead of through the Loss and Gain account, crediting Surplus Fund account, 281.06 {see last paragraph on page J94), Dividend account, 2500.00 (which will amount to 2A per cent, npon the capital stock), and Undivided Profits account, 2fi.5G (the remainder of the net profit, as shown by the balance of Loss and Gain account); and debiting Loss and Gain account for the sum of these items or the net profit, 2810.62. When this Journal entry is posted it will close Loss and Gain account and transfer the gain to the several accounts named. Foot and rule the Journal again. When the dividend is credited to the stockliolders or paid to them in cash, Dividend should be debited in the Journal fur the amount thus credited or j)aid. QUESTIONS. What is a banker? Of what does the business of banking consist? From what princi- pal source do the profits of a bank arise? Into how many general classes are banking asso- ciations divided? Wiiat are they? What is a State bank? A National bank? A private bank? Under what law are National banks organized and governed? Describe some of the requirements of this law. IIow are State banks organized? Do State banks issue circu- lating notes? Explain. What are the duties of the Board of Directors? What are the officers and clerks of a bank? State the duties of each. Name the books used in a bank? Describe the books used in tliis bank. State what is done with paper received for collection. What is the difference between Collection Paper and Discount Paper? AVhat is done with Discount Paper payable abroad? What entries are made when the proceeds of discount pai)or are paid in cash? What is done with sight paper received as cash and payable abroad? Keview the explanations and instruction given throughout the set. CLEARING HOUSE FORMS. (D) I^OGl?ester (^\ear\qq fiouse proof, c^y. /s, /^f-. RANKS. DCB BANKS BANKS DUE R. 0. H. DB. CR. BASKS. 1 Conn I; 1631 42 10273 18 8641 76 1 q CoimutixiuJ Natiftnal Itink. 49M0I 1.W17 90 102T3 SR 2 3 Flour Citv Natioiiiil Hank. 703!o.-; 1421717 iail4 12 3 4 Gennaii-AnnTiwin Biuik, 1474130 2a>52 87 WIl 31 4 fi Merchants IJank, nr>s5oo 24497 18 6912 18 ,1 6 Ilaiik (if Monrof, U38.1;D0 18515 "ill 9130 (Ml 6 7 Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 834« 2.") 20121 '50 11S75 25 K Trailers National Bank, 8101 •is isiiir, !« lift 14 thS ,s » L'nion Hank, 2!I3 14 atrii 12 ajotjo 98 9 10 Mowers Hank, in.ioo m 2VKVI .Ml l.WiO .'•lO 111 11 Koehester Savlnire Hank, 1 lavxi 00 11967 20 1467 20 11 y> Monroe t'oniuv Saving's Hjtnk, 16753 10 284'i2 M 11710 40 1 12 13 Meclianles Savings Hank, 11718 40 13718 49 2000 09 13 4067128 307692 76 207692 76 4067138 ] 1 (A) EXCHANGE SLIP No. 1. Fi-oni J\'b. 4-' (|(?rmai}-pm(^ric:a9 Bai}!^. 40 Si 1147 82 OFi !VH ANL i. ^?5 CLEARIXG HdU^ES. A. Clearins House is S"!- iiss-xia::::: :: l.i-ks called inio esisience bj the necessiir of the times, to facilitaie daily settlements between hanks. Tie aggregate amoimt of eschang^ represents the claims bj the Atlarsetr, •Clearins," sars Ooyd, *" is the seulemeEt of : ri a cerii 7 of banks associate tbemselTes togeiier under arucles n::-: -" =- ; -■" - ' -..i.i.itiide and Tolume of trade maj demand. OScieis ;-.:.- " -■ -iwed to conduct tie afiairs of tbeasswoaaliom. The offi- cers are a PrtSideai. \ ic^Presjueiju Manager, and Committee of ManaiTrmeni- sometimes called the Clearing House Committee, a Commirtee on C-onference, a Xominaiing Com- mittee, a Committee on Admission and an Arbitration Commitiee. Tbe Manager, under ; • - :' the Managing Committee, has fall ebai^ of the business at tbe Clearing House s, ;..; -^ ibe manner of condncring its business Ijransactions is coneemeil. He has luH charge of the clerical force employed and of tbe settling clerks and messengers from tie bank- iring House. T, -.: '.-, •: __;enl to a|ipreciate the use of the Jllastratei :.:_-. :heT will be ex- plained in their order commencing at "A." (5ftf paof -~4-) In the daily routine of banking work tbe teller elassiSes his exchanges aoicording to the bank at wbich tbey are made payable. This is usually done by assorting them in pigeon- Cleasixg HorsE Fosms, Jio. 4. (B1 Bala^ee Tie^et. GER' SetOimg C. 50.' B^NKS- DEBZXS. BASKS CEKDrr. so. llv , --■ 6 Fi. 7 T- - - ^ S T- . r Savings Eani. ■^ Jvaviags Bank, 1 i 1 4s:i. I, 1 3 4 a a fee ic a" 5" ? 5 a ? ■'53 Q, 3 S" ? R 6 Q • fm;- ' ~' i^ -s^ ^ 3 S 1 R» M ~^ r ^ 1 ~ -~'- 3 ^ ^ ? a R. ■r^ 5^ 5 S ?^ S. ^ S S ;< :s £ 5t;i ^ R- -J H a ^ ■>] s- Tf ^ a •a^-a^ -is s a i ^ .^ S ;■ ■■?l^ ^ ? 1 J^ i^ 4 Qi ^ J* a -§3 I" *i 3 " 125 " Piedmont C. Drills, If Bo't invoice of dry goods from A. P. Fenn & Co. on acct.. Sold to M. Casper on aoct., 4 pes., 1.")0y only in trust and not absolutely, tlie principle is wrong. The heading, C. O. D. Account, would be strictly in accordance with tiie facts. .Statement of VVm. Wood's Business, Mar. 15, 1S9-. Tkiai, Balanck, Wm. Wood, 4925 00 Cash. 4670 50 Merchandise, 70 00 Expense, 18 50 J. W. Winter, 90 00 S. W. Snow, 400 00 .las Spring, 50 00 Bills Receivable, 1600 00 Bills Payable, RESOnBCES. 1000 00 64 ir. 00 6415 00 Ca.sh on band, 4676 50 Merchandise, per inventory, 333 00 Bills Receivable, good notes, 1600 00 Accounts Receivable, .las. Spring, 50 00 LlA]!II,ITIES. 6658 50 Bills Payable, lie owes on notes, 1000 00 Accounts Payable, he owes others, Wm. Wood's Present Capital, Gains. 490 00 1490 00 516S 50 Merchandise, Sales (Ledger credit), 1990.00 Inventory, 333.00 " Sold and on hand is worth. 2333 00 " Cost (Ledger debit), " Gain, 2060 00 262 00 Losses. Expense, Cost (Ledger debit), no inventory, Wm. Wood's K^et Gain, Wm. Wood's Capital AccotJNT 18 50 Si3 50 Wm. Wood's investment (Ledger credit). ,5000 no " " withdrawals (Ledger del)il), 75 oo 4925 00 " " gain (Ledger credit). Present Capital, Trial Balance After Closing. 243 50 SIGS 50 Wm. Wood, 5168 50 Cash, 4676 no Merchandise, 333 00 J. W. Winter, 90 00 S. W. Snow, 400 00 .Tas. Spring, 50 00 Bills Receivable, 1600 00 Bills Payable, lono 6658 00 6K58 .50 .50 1 1 DICTIONARY OF COMMERCIAL WORDS AND PHRASES. _^CCEPTANCE. — Agreeing to the terms pro- posed; the acceptor's name written on llie face of a bill of exchange or draft, usually with the word "Accepted"; bill of exchange or draft when accepted. Accommodation Papeii. — Notes or acceptances drawn for the purpose of being discounted, and not founded on an actual sale of goods; notes or bills signed and accepted without consideration; notes drawn bj- nierchiiuts for like amounts and exchanged for their mutual accommodation. AocovNT CuRUENT. — A running account. A de- tailed statement of the transactions between two persons or firms, usually expressed in the form of debtor and creditor. Account Sales. — An itemized statement of sales and expenses, sent by a commission merchant to his principal. It exhibits the quantities and prices of the goods sold, the commissions and other charges, and the net proceeds. AcCKUED. — Interest accumulated and unpaid. Acknowledge. — In commercial correspondence, the term by which the receipt of a letter, remittance, or order, is admitted. Acknowledgment. — A formal admission made be- fore an ofTicer, that the act described was vohm- tarily done. The officer's certificate of the admission is also called an acknowledgment. Administkatou. — One who is appointed by the court to settle an estate. Ad Valouem. — According to value. A custom house term, relating to the estimating of duties upon the value of imported goods. Affidavit. — A written declaration under oath. Appraisal. — The act of placing a value on goods. Arbithation. — The adjustment of a disputed point by a person or persons chosen by the parties in dispute. Assets. — A term commonly used in trade to desig- nate the funds, property, or efTccls, that is, the stock in trade, cash, and all the available projv erty of a merchant, in contradistinction to his liabilities or obligations. AfisiGNEE. — A person to whom the property of a bankrupt or an insolvent debtor is transferred for the benefit of the insolvent's creditors. Assignment. — The act of transferring property to the assignee. Attachment. — A warrant for the purpose of seizing a man's property. Auditor. — One who examines accounts; an officer appointed by the government, or by any corpo- ration, to examine claims upon the treasury, and to investigate the trca.surer's accounts. Auxiliary. — Applied to various account books that are kept as aid to the principal books. ^ ALANCE of trade.— The difference between the value of the commercial imports and exports of any country. Bank Book. — A pa-ss book carried by a depositor, in which the teller of a bank records deposits, and in which the bookkeeper enters the paid checks at stated intervals. Bank Bills ok Notes.— Promissory notes printed by the government and issued by national banks, payable on demand, and used as money. BAKKurPT.— One who is unable to pay his debts, and who fails in business. Bill. — A statement in writing, as a list of items bought or sold, or of services rendered. The common term applied to a note or draft. Bill of Exchangk. — An order for the payment of money, usually drawn on a per.«on living in a foreign country, the term draft being used to designate bills that are payable in the same country in which they are drawn. Bill op Lading. — A written account of goods ship- ped and the conditions of shipment, having the signature of the carrier's agent, and given to the shipper as a receipt. Bill of Sale. — A writing given by the seller to the buyer, transferring the ownership of personal property. BOAun of TrvVDE. — An association of businessmen for the regulation and advancement of commer- cial interests. Bonded Goods. — Those which are stored in a bonded warehouse, or in bonded cars, the owner having given bonds securing the payment of import duties or of internal revenues, upon their re- moval, or their arrival at some inland city of entry, and before a siiecilied time. Bonus. — A premium given on a loan, or for any favor shown. Broker. — An agent who effects sales or purchases or who makes loans and contracts for another. Also a term applied to one who deals in stocks. A broker does not usually have possession of the property which he sells or buys as agent. ;^8 DICTIONARY OF COMMERCIAL WORDS AND PHRASES. 239 Bullion. — Uncoined gold or silver. Business. — E.xchange of commodities and of com- mercial values. Also a term representing one's occupation. r^APITAL.^The investment in business. Cash Sales. — The sales made for ready money in contradistinction to sales on whicli credit is given. Certificate. — A written voucher attesting to some fact; as a certificate of deposit, a certificate of stock. Certified Check. — One which has been certified or accepted by the bank on which it is drawn, making the bank responsible for its payment. Charter. — A paper from government defining the rights and privileges of corporation.s. To hire or let an instrument of transportation; as, a ship, a railway car. Chattel. — Any kind of property except real estate; as, merchandise, notes and accounts, animals, leases of real estate, etc. Check. — An order on a bank drawn by a depositor. Clearing House. — A kind of banking exchange, established in some of the large cities for the convenience of daily settlements; the drafts and checks on each other are mutually exchanged without the individual presentation of each at the banks, and a balance struck, which balance only is paid in cash. Collaterals. — Pledges of stocks, notes, or chattels, for security of loans and other indebtedness. Commerce. — The business of exchanging commodi- ties between different places; mercantile business in general, as carried on between individuals or companies of different countries, or of the same country; and in a restricted sense, the shipping which belongs to a country. CoMMERCi.\L Paper. — Bills of exchange, drafts, and notes, given in the course of trade. Commission. — A percentage given for the sale or purchase of goods, or the transaction of other business; the order or authority by which one person transacts business for another. Common Law. — Law based upon the precedent of usage, and not contained in the statutes enacted by legislative bodies. Company. — A corporation. A term used in a firm name to designate other partners whose names are not given. Compound, or Cojepromise. — To settle a claim by paying or receiving only a part of the amount. To agree upon a settlement based upon mutual concessions. Consignee. — One to whom goods are sent. Consul. — An agent for a government, residing at a seaport in a foreign country, and guarding the commercial interests of his own country. Contra. — On the opposite side. Copartnership. — The joining of two or more per- sons into one firm for the purpose of carrying on any enterprise. It has the same meaning as partnership. Copyright. — The right granted by government to an author to control the publication of any book or work. Counterfeit. — A spurious bank bill; a forgery. Counting room. — A room in which merchants keep their accounts and transact business. Coupon. — An interest note or a certificate attached to a bond which is cut oil from the bond and collected when due. Course of Exchange. — The sum merchants pay for bills of exchange to en.able them to make remittances from one country to another. Credentials. — Testimonials giving authority. Creditor. — One giving credit; one whom we owe. Currency. — The paper money or the coin which constitutes the circulating medium of a country; that which passes for money in a country. J)AYS OF GRACE.— In some states negotiable promissory notes or bills of exchange, payable at a certain time, are entitled to three days de- lay beyond the time expressed, which are called days of grace, unless " without grace " is ex- pressed on the paper. These days were so called because they were formerly gratuitously allowed. But now, in some of the states of the United States and in England, they are demanded of right, the custom having passed into law. In a number of states days of grace have been abol- ished by law. Debtor. — One who owes a debt. Deed. — A written contract under seal, usually trans- ferring the ownership of real estate. Def^\xcation. — Deduction or discount. Embezzle- ment of money by an officer having it in charge. Deposit. — To commit to the care of another; espe- cially to place money in bank subject to our order. Dishonor. — A failure to pay an obligation when due. A failure to accept a draft when presented for acceptance. Dividend. — The portion allotted to each stockholder in the division of profits. Dower.— The right of a widow to a life interest in one third of all the real estate owned by lier husband at any time after their marriage. 240 DICTIONARY OT <-■( a, -^ikrcj^^^l WORDS AND PHRASES. DnE Bill. — A brief written adtiiowli'dginuut of a debt, having tlje effect of a promissory note. Dunning. — Soliciting payment for a debt; or the urgent pressing of the payment of a debt. J^ARNEST. — Part of purchase money paid, or part of goods delivered to bind a verbal contract. Embezzlement. — A fraudulent appropriation of money entrusted to one's care. Empokil'.m. — A commercial center. Endouse, or Indohse. — To ■write one's name on the back of a commercial paper. To receipt a par- tial paj'ment on the back of a note or bill. Enguoss. — To copy in manuscript. EqtJiTT. — The science of right and justice, which often corrects the application of law in a par- ticular case. Exchange. — The giving of one value for anotlier. The process of remitting money values by means of bills and drafts. The discount or premium arising from the purchase or sale of different clas-ses of paper. Execution. — A written direction given to an officer authorizing him to enforce a judgment. The act of signing and sealing a legal instrument. JpAC SIMILE.— An exact copy. Fee Simple. — The absolute ownership of real estate. FiNANCiKK. — One liaving charge of the public reve- nues. One skilled in money matters. Fiscal. — Pertaining to the public treasurj' or reve nue. As, tlie fiscal year, meaning a financial year as reckoned by the department of finance. Fixtures. — The furnishings of a store or ofiice that are not movable. Folio. — The page of an account book. Footing. — The amount of a column of figures. Forgeuy. — Tlic act of fraudulently writing or alter- ing a written document. Free Trade. — Commerce between nations unre- stricted by duties or tariff regulations. Freight. — Jlerchandise being transported. The price paid for transportation. (jJ-AUGING. — The process of measuring the con- tents of casks. Good Will. — The reputation and patronage that pertains to an established business. The good will of a business is very frequently the subject of purchase and sale. Greenbacks. — United Stales notes, as distinct from national bank notes. Gross Weight. — Weight of merchandise, including the cose or wrapping. Guarantee, or Guaranty. — A surely for the per- formance of a contract, in case the party making the contract fails to keep it. A security against loss. JJONOU. — To accept a draft, or to pay it when due, J ly DEMNITY. — Security against loss, such as may occur, or has occurred, l)y reason of some par- ticular or specified event, as in case of ordinary insurance against loss by fire, etc. Indenture. — A mutual agreement in writing be tween two or more parties. Indorsement. — A writing on the back of any com- mercial paper. Infringement. — To trespass upon the rights of another, especially when granted some special right by law, such as a copyright, a patent, or a trade mark. Injunction. — A writ or process bj' which a party is required to do or refrain from doing a special act. I. O. U. — I owe you — an acknowledgment of indebt- edness, by the signer to the holder, for the amount. Insolvency. — The condition of one who is unable to pay his debts or meet his commercial obliga- tions. Installment. — Part of a sum of money paid or to be paid. Instant. — Referring to the present month; as, the sixth instant means the sixth day of the present or current month. Abbreviated iiist. Intestate. — Dying without liaving made a wilL Inventory. — A schedule or list of the goods, wares and merchandise generally, credits and assets of a merchant, made out in minute detail, each article being set down separately, and separately valued, usually, according to its then cash value; the whole list being then entered in a book called an inventory book. Invoice. — An itemized bill of merchandise bought, sold or shipped. Jobber. — a wholesale merchant who buys goods from the importers and man u fact urers, and sells to country or other merchants and to retailers. Joint Stock. — Properly held in common by a cora- panj' of men, each of whom is called a stock- holder. Judgment. — The decree of a court enforcing a con- tract or redressing a wrong. Law MERCHANT.— Commercial law, or such customs and usages in commercial transactions. DICTIONARY OF COMMERCIAL WoRPS AND I'llRASES. 241 as being recognized by the higher courts as establishing rules of action, thus acquire the force of law. Lbase. — The letting of land and other property for hire. The contract for such letting, usually written, but sometimes verbal when the con- tract terminates within a year. Legacy. — A gift of propert}- by will. Legal Tender. — That kind of money which legally can be offered in payment of a debt. Letter of Credit. — A letter, usually addressed to banking houses in foreign cities, authorizing the holder to receive credit for a stated amount. They are used mainly by travelers. Liabilities. — The pecuniary obligations of a mer- chant, which includes his bills payable and all his other debts. License. — Permission or liberty to prosecute busi- ness or to sell. Lien. — The riglit of holding or detaining the prop- erty of another until some legal claim be satisfied. Liquidate. — To pay or settle a claim. jy^AKER.— The signer of a note. Manifest. — An invoice or schedule of a ship's cargo. Matdritt. — The date when commercial paper be- comes payable. Mekchandise. — In its most comprehensive signifi- cation embraces every article dealt in by a merchant. Money. — Any coin or currency lawfully employed as a representative of value in buying and selling. Monopoly. — The sole right to make or sell a certain article. The exclusive control of anything. Mortgage. — The written pledge of real estate or chattels to secure payment of a debt. [^EGOTLVBLE. — A term applying to commercial paper, that may be transferred by endorsement, or simply by delivery Net. — Clear of all charges. The exact weight or amount after all deductions are counted out. Net Proceeds. — The proceeds of a sale after all expenses are deducted. Notary, or Notaiit Public. — An officer who ac- knowledges deeds and other commercial papers; but who.se chief business is to protest paper for non-acceptance and non-payment. QPEN ACCOUNT. —A running account on a merchant's books, of debits or credits, with an individual or firm. Open Policy'. — One Intended to cover all goods shipped by a certain person within a specified time; each special shipment and the amounts of insurance to be indorsed upon the policy, as the shipments are made. Outlawed. — A term applied to a debt which has run beyond the time when the law will enforce its payment. Overdrawn. — To draw a greater sum than one has to his credit. Par. — Equal in value. Any paper is at par when it is worth its face value, without premium or discount. Parol. — Oral, not written. Also applied to writ- ten contracts not under seal. Partnership. — The association together of two or more persons in any occupation. Par Value. — The nominal value; usually the printed or written value of any paper. Pass Book. — A book in which a trader enters ar- ticles bought on credit. It is usually carried by the purchaser, and is presented for record when the purchases are made. Patent. — An official document securing to a person for a term of years, the exclusive right to an invention. Pawn. — A deposit or pledge, given as security for a loan. The term only applies to chattels or money, and not to real estate. Payee. — The one to whom payment is to be made; especially in whose favor a paper is drawn. P.\yer. — The one who pays or is under obligations to pay. Personal Property. — All property except real estate; chattels. Plaintiff. — One who brings a personal action in law against another party who is called the defendant. Power of Attorney'. — A written instrument giv- ing an agent authority to act for his principal. An agent thus empowered is called an Attorney in Fact. Preferred Stock. — Stock taking preference over the ordinary stock of a corporation. A divi- dend is declared and paid on preferred stock before any can be declared on common .stock. Prima Facie, — At first view. Prima facie evidence is that evidence which is sufficien-t unless rebutted. Promissory Note. — A written promise to pay a cer- tain sum of money unconditionally, at a speci- fied time. Pro Rata. — A proportional distribution. Protective Tariff.— Rates of duty fixed higher than the uniform rates, on certain imported commodities, for the protection of home manu- facturers. Protest. — A formal declaration made by a notary public, of the non-payment of a note, or non- acceptance and non-payment of a draft. 242 DICTION'AkV OK COMMERCIAL WORDS AND PHRASES. QUARAXTIXE. — Restraint of intercourse to which a ship, dwelling, or town is subjected on account of being infected with some contagious disease. Quotations. — The piiblislied prices of merchandise, rates of freight, rates of exchange, etc. J?ATIFY. — To sanction or approve; usually ap- plied to a principal's approval of an agent's transactions. Rebate. — A discount, or an allowance from the stip- ulated price, m.ide in consideration of prompt payment, or for other reasons. Receivek. — A person appointed to take charge of the affairs of a corporation on its dissolution, and to distribute its property according to law. Remittance. — The act of transmitting money values from one place to another. The value sent is called a remittance. Resources. — Money, property, or that which can be converted into property ; as, claims against other people, either on writen or verbal promises. Revocatjok. — The recall of authority conferred on another; as the revocation of an agency. ftALVAGR — An allowance made by .aw to those who save a ship's cargo from a wreck or fire. Set-off. — A counter claim. A claim which the debtor or defendant brings to reduce the claim of a creditor or plaintiff. Solvent. — Being able to pay one's liabilities. Statement. — A list of resources and liabilities. A report of an agent's transactions sent to his principal. An itemized list of the debits and credits of any personal account; as, monthly statements sent by merchants to their cus- tomers. Statute. — A law enacted by a legislature. Stockuolder. — One who owns shares of the capital stock of a corporation. Sue. — To bring an action against one in law. SUBETV. — A person who has made himself respon- sible for the contract of another. Syndicate. — A number of capitalists who unite to- gether to dispose of a large loan, or to conduct some great financial enterprise. 'J'ACIT. — That which is understood or implied. Tare. — An allowance made for the weight of boxes, barrels, or wrappings of merchandise. The re- mainder after deducting the tare is called net weight. Tariff. — A list of prices; as, a freight tariff. A list of duties or customs on imports or exports. Telegram. — A dispatch or message received or transmitted by the electric telegraph. Teller. — One who receives or counts. A bank officer who receives or pays out money. Tickler. — A book containing memorandums of notes and debts, arranged in the order of their maturity. Trade Discount. — A discount from certain list prices, or from the amount of purchases, made to a dealer on account of a change in the prices, or on account of cash payments. "Q^LTIMO. — The last month preceding the present; as, on the twentieth ultimo, meaning the twen- tieth of last month. Abbreviated ult. Usury. — Interest in excess of the highest rate allowed by law. ^TaLID. — A term applied to a, contract that is properly executed; that is, legal or binding. Void. — Having no legal or binding force. Voucher. — A document or paper proving that some transaction occurred ; as, a receipt or a canceled note is a voucher for the payment of money. YY ARRi\JNTY. — An agreement to become respon- sible, if certain facts do not turn out to be as represented. Wav Bill. — A paper containing a list and descrip- tion of goods sent b}- railroad. Wholesale — To sell goods iu quantity; usually. In uubrokeu or whole packages. ABBREVIATIONS AND CONTRACTIONS. aoT @. (L. ad). To w at. A. or Atis. Answer. A 1. First Class. Ace, Aect, or c/c. Account. Acet. Cur. Account Current. Acct Saks. Account of Sales. Afft. Agent. Admr. Administrator. Admx. Administratrix. Adv. Advertisement; Advocate; Advent; Adverb. Ala. Alabama. A. M. (L. Arlinm Magister). Master of Arts. — (L. Ante Meridiem). Before noon. — (L.AnnoMundi). In the year of the world. Am., Amer. America, American. Amt. Amount. Ans. Answer. App. Appendix. Apr. April. Ariz. Arizona Territory. Ark. Arkansas. Ass'd Assorted. Asst. Assistant. Arig. August. Bal. Balance. Bait. Baltimore. B. B. Lill Book. Bhl. or brl. Barrel, Barrels. Bdls. Bundles. Bgs. Bags. B. I. British India. Bk. Bank; Book. Bkts. Baskets. ■^ BiU of Lading. Blk. Black. BU. BaVco. Bot. Bought. BroH Brought. -9;g Bill of Sale. Bu. Bushel. Bx. Box or Boxes. c. ^ Centa In care of. CaL California; Calendar. "/ ^o Capi. Captain. Cai?i. Cashier. C. B. Cash Book. . C. H. Court-House; Custom-House. Cks. Casks. cm. Clerk. Co. Company; County. C. 0. D. Cash (or Collect) on Delivery. Coll. College; Collector; Colleague. Con. (L. contra). Against; In opposition. Conn, or Ct. Connecticut. Cor. Sec. Corresponding Secretary. Cr. Credit; Creditor. Ct. or ct. Cent.— (L. Centum). A hundred. Cts. or cts. Cents. Cwt. or cwt. (L. Centum, 100, and E. weiglU). A. hundred weight. D. B. Day Book. D. C. District of Columbia. — (It. i>aC'np«). Again, ar From the beginning. d. d. Days after date. Dec. December. Bel. Delaware; Delegate. Bejit. Department; Deponent. Bft.mdft. Draft; Defendant. Disci. Discount. Div. Dividend; Division; Divide; Divided; Divisor. Do. do. or ". (It. Ditto). The same. Doz. or doz. Dozen. Dr. Debtor; Doctor. Dray. Drayage. d. s. Days after sight. ea. Each. H. and 0. E. Errors and omissions excepted. Ed. Editor; Edition. E. E. Errors excepted. e. g. (L. exempli gratia). For example. Esq. or Esgre. Esquire. Etc., etc., or : Quarter (iiS pounds); Quire. Qt. or q(. Quart; Quantity. Beed. Received. Ret'd Returned. -R. /. Rhode Island. B. li. Railroad. $. Dollar; Dollars. S. A. South America; Soulli Africa. 8. Dak. South Dakota. &it. Saturda}'. S. B. Sales Book. S. C. South Carolina; Small Capitals. Sep. or Sept. September. Shipi. Shipment. Sr. Senior. 55. (L. Scilicet). Namely. S. S. Steamship. St. Saint; Street; Strait. Str. Steamer. Sun. or Sund. Sunday. Sunds. Sundries. Siipt. Superintendent. Tenn. Tennessee. Tex. lexas. Thurs. Thursday. Treas. Treasurer. Ult., ult., or ulto. (L. ultimo.) La.sl, or of the la.st month. U. 8. A. United States of America; United States Army. U. S. M. United States Mail. Va. Virginia. Vice Pres. Vice President. Viz. or viz. (L. videlicet). Namely; To wit. Vol. or vol. Volume. Vt. Vermont. ^ Waybill. WasJi. Wa.shington. Wed. Wednesday. W. I. West India; West Indies. Wis. Wisconsin. Wt. or wt. Weight. W. Va. West Virginia. Wyo. Wyoming. T. or Yr. Year. Yd. or yd. Yard. BUSINESS FORMS. FoiiM 1. AKTICLES OF COPARTNERSHIP. girtirlW of ^opartncrSihip, viade the first day of March, one thousand eight hundred ninety , hetwccu V. U. £'va)is, of Woodbury, X. J., of the first 2)art , and Geo. E. Martin, of Philadelphia, Pa., of the second part, witnesscth asfoUoivs: Whcrcaji the ^forties hereimto, having muttial cojifidence in each other, do this day form with each other a copartnership under the firm name of C. R. Evans £ Co., for the purpose of conducting a general merchandising business at 1 22-124 Main St., Woodbury, N. J., under the following terms and conditions, to wit : 1. Tliat the said C. R. Evans of the first part shall contribute the entire resources of his late busi7icss located at 122-124 Main St., Woodbury, If. J., as per bill of sale executed under even date, less the liabilities which are to be paid by the firm of C. R. Evans £ Co., making a total net investment of Seven TJwusand Eight Hundred Forty Dollars. 2. Tlie said Geo. E. Mai-tin of the second part shall contribute cash to the anwunt of Seven Thoumnd Eight Hundred Forty Dollars. 3. Tlie capital so formed is to be used and enjoyed in comnwn between than for the prose- cution and managetnent of said busiiiess, to their mutual benefit and advantage. 4- Both parties shall devote their entire time to the business and shall share gair.s and assets equally, and bear losses equally. Each partner is entitled to draw One Hundred Dollars per month for private use. ^n Witnes.9' ^i'hereof, the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seah, in dupli- cate, the day and year first above written. Signed, sealed and delivered in ]^ C. R. Evans. [l. s.] the presence of \ Geo. E. Martin, [l. s.] Tnos. II. Betts. NoTB. — Articles af Copartnership are not executed under seal in all states. You are to conform with the requirements of your state in writing legal forms of any kind. Consult your commercial law text book and the teacher whenever in doubt. Form 2. articxes of agkeeiment. glrticIr.S of "^nrfftunrt, made the first day of April, one thousand eight hujidred ninety- -, between F. J. Schwartz and Andrew Schwartz, of the firm of F. J. Schwartz £• Co., parties of the first part, and A. P. Fenn of the second part, all of Tell City, Itidiana, wit- nesscth as follows : 1. The parties above named have agreed to become copartners in business, and by these presents do agree to be copartners together under and by the firm name of F. J. Schwartz £ Co., in the business of merchants and dealers in general merchandise, at the said city of Tell City, State of Indiana, the partnership to commence on the date of this agreement and continue five years, wdcss sooner dissolved by consent of all the partners. 2. To that end and purpose the said parties of the first part shall contribute the resources of their late business, located at 642 Jefferson Street, as per bill of sale executed under even dale •24r, Bl'SINKSS FORMS. 247 here7vith, less the liabilities tohich are to he paid hy the new firm, making a net investment of Tliirty TJioi(sand Dollars, of which each invests one half, and the said party of the second jyart shall contribute Ten llwusand Dollars «t cash. S. At all times dtiriny the continuance of their copartnership they and each of them shall give their attendance, and use their and each of their best endeavors, and to the titmost of their skill a7ul poiver exert themselves for their joint interest, profit, benefit and advantage, and tridy employ, buy, sell and merclmndiso ivith their joint stock, and the increase thereof in the business aforesaid, and also that they shall and will at all times during the said copartnership bear, pay and discharge equally between them all rents and expenses that may be required for the manage- ment and prosecution of said business; and that all gains, profits and increase that shall come, grow or arise from or by means of their said business shall be equally divided between the said partners, and all losses by bad commodities, uncollectible debts or otherwise shall be borne and paid betioeen them equally. Jf. Oiuing to their iinequcd investments each partner is to he allowed six per cent interest on the sum or sums hy him invested, and to be charged six per cent interest on all withdrawals, said interest to be adjusted at the time of closing the books. 5. Each of the parties may drato from the cash of the joint stock One Hundred Fifty Dollars per month for his oivn use, the same to he charged on accoxmt, and none of them shall lake ami further sum for his own use without the consent of the other partners in writing. ^It WitttCji,a ^t'hcvcof, the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seals, in dupli- cate, the day atid year first above writien. Signed, sealed and delivered in \ B\ J. Schwartz. [seal.] the presence of \ Andrew Schwartz, [seal.] Chas. M. Brucker. a. p. Fenn. [seal.] Note. — Read note under form 1. Form 3. quit-claim ijeeo. S;bi.S ^ittlcntnte, made the Jlrst day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred ninety , betxvcen J. B. Luckey {unmai-ried) and W. V. C7iambcrs (unmarried) of the city of Loiiisville, County of Jefferson and State of Kentucky, of the first part, and Chas. F. Grainger of the same 2)lace, of the second part. WitttCS'.SCtll, Tliat the said parties of the first jmrt, in consideration of the sum of Tliree Tliousand Two Hundred Fifty Dollars {SS250) to them in hand paid by the said party of the second part, the receipt of ichich is hereby confessed and acknowledged, have bargained, sold, remised and quit-claimed, and by these presents do bargain, sell, remise and quit-claim u7ito the saidjmrty of the second part and to his heirs and assigns forever, all that tract and piarcel of land situate in the city of Louisville, County of Jefferson and State of Kentucky, and more particularly distingidshed as lots numbers sixteen (16) and seventeen (17) as laid down in the original pilat of the city of Louisville. luj. Said lots are sitxtate on the south side of Main street, and are seventy (70) feet in width front and rear, and are one hundred sixty (160) feet deep. Together toith all and singular the hereditaments and appurtanances thereto belonging, or in any wise apjwrtainitig, and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remaimlei-s, rents, issues a?id jjrofits thereof, and all the estate, right, title, interest, claim and demand whatsoever, of the said parties of the first part, either in law or equity, of, in and to the above bargained premises, with the said hereditaments and appurtanances, to have and to hold the said premises to the said 2)arty of the .second part, his heirs and assigns, to the sole and proper benefit and behoof of the said party of the second part, his heirs and assigns forever. 248 IIUSIXESS I'OKMS. ^n ^'itnr.S.S ^i'hcrfOf, Tltc jmrtieH of the fust part have hereunto set their hanih and seal* the day and ijear fir.^t above written. Signed, sealed arid delivered in) J. B. Lvckey. [seal.] the presence of ) W. Y. Chamhkks. [seal.] G. P. Weedmax. KoTE. — Wlienever required the acknowledgment is the same a.s in ii wiirniniy deed. (.See fonn 100 on your Voucher File.) l''0UM 4. HILL OF SALE. ^now gill |tttn bg Chcse gccscntS, Tlmt we, C. 0. Dimviddie and Oias. T. Platl, of the city of Rochester, County of Monroe, and State of New York, of the firm of C. 0. Dinwiddie £ Co., parlies of the first part, in consideration of the sum of Nine Thousa7id Dollars to us in hand 2>aid by Jno. R. Cassel, of the firm of C. 0. Dinwiddie X- Co., of the city, county, and state aforesaid, of the sec07id part, the receipt of which is hej'chy acknowledged, have bargained arid sold, arid by these presents do grant and convey, unto the said jicrty of the second part, our interest in the following resources of the firm of C. 0. Dinwiddie £ Co., to wit: Cash on deposit tw the Merchants Bank, SIGOOO; note drawn by Geo. Smith, $500; note drawn by Edwyn Leibfreed, SJfiO ; amount due from Frank E. Schwartz, S~80; amount due from Jno. D. Malone, S64O; amount due from Jas. S. Wilson £ Son, $325 j shipment made to Grainger £ Co., Louisville, A'y., $625; shipmerit made to Brown £ Co., Philadelphia, $392; making a total of Tliirtecn Tliousand One Hundred Sixty-two Dollars ($13162). On condition that the said parly of the second part assumes tlie fotloioing liabilities of the firm of C. 0. Dinwiddie £ Co., to wit: Xotc drawn by the firm, of C. 0. Dinwiddie £ Co., favor of Ferd. Becker, $1500 ; amount due R. C. Howell, $1000 ; amount due Philip Smith £ Co., $500; amount due TJieo. Schwartz, $1162; making a total of Four Thousand One Hundred Sixty-two Dollars. Co jRavc anil to ?lolil the same unto the said party of the second part and his legal repre- sentatives forever. TJie said 2>arties of the first part hereby covenaiit and agree to and with the said party of the second part tJtat they are possessed of the full right and title to their interest in the property hereby conveyed, and that they will warrant and defend the same in the quiet and peaceful j)OS- session of the said party of the second part against the lauful claims of all persons whomsoever. ^tt ^fitnrSSi ^i'hcrrof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals this first day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand eiqht hundred ninety . C. 0. Dinwiddie. [seal.] Chas. T. Platt. [seal.] FOKM 5. PARTNEKSHH» AGREEMENT. girticlfS' of SVfl'^tflttrnt, made the tenth day of May, one thousand eight hundred ninety , ; between J. IT. Graves, of Galveston, Texas, of the first part, and L. W. Warrick, of the sarne^ place, of the second part, witriesseth as follows: 1. The parties above named have agreed to become copartners in business, and by these presents do agree to be copartners together, under and by the firm name of J. W. Graves £ Co., in the business of merchants and dealers in groceries, at the said city of Galveston, the partner- ship to commence on the date of this agreement and to co7itinue until dissolved by mutual conseni of the partners. BUSINESS FORMS. 249 2. To that end and purpose the said jiarty of the first part shall contribute the cash and other resources and the good will of h is late business located at GJfi Chestnut Street, amounting to Ten Tliousand Two Hundred Eighty Dollars (S102S0), out of ivhich the liabilities of the said business, amounting to Three Tltousand Dollars ($3000) are to be paid, making a net investment of Seven Thousand Two Hundred Eighty Dollars {S72S0), as per bill of sale executed on even date herewith. And the said party of the second part shall contribute his share of the resources of the late firm of C. W. Hammond £ Co., amounting to Eleven Thousand One Hundred Eighty Dollars (SlllSO), out of which the liabilities of the late firm, amounting to Three Thous- und Nine Hutidred Dollars ($3900), shall be paid, mahi?ig a net investment of Seven Thousand Tivo Hundred Eighty Dollars {S72S0), as per bill of sale executed on even date herewith; the capital so formed to be used in common between them for the prosecution and management of the said business to their muttml benefit and advantage. S. And it is agreed by and between the said parties that if any of the resources itivested by ■either of the pat'tnei's shall 2^r ore worthless in full or in part, such worthless resources shall be ■charged to the partner investing same. Jf. Each of the partners may draw from the ca.fh of the firm, the sum of Twentyfive Dollars {$25) 2)er week for his private use, and neither of them shall take any furlher sum for his own separate use loithout the consent of the other in writing ; and any such further sum, taken with such consent, shall draw interest at the rate of six pier cent, per annum, and shall be payable, together icilh the interest due, within one month after notice in writing given by the other party requiring such lyayment. 5. The said parties shall share gains, losses and assets equally. 6. The said party of the first j)art shall devote his time to the management of the store, make the purchases, and give the remainder of his time and attention to the Misiness as sales- man, and the said party of the second part shall devote his time and attention to the business as salesman and shall keep the books of account, to which both parties shall have access at all times. fitt Witttf.S.S' Whcrfof, the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seals, in dupli- cate, the day and year first above written. Signed, sealed and delivered in) J. W. Graves. [seal.] the presence of \ L. "W. Warrick, [seal.] K. D. McCoy. 2 >^ o 2 ^ 2 tH o --> ~ Q O Q '^ 3 c3 w •s O ^ O O . o 1 ^ .a >3 »» O z Ui UJ 05 G O 1 1 ^ 3 (E o ^ H 's c3 i^ c ^ » o o z 3 ^ 1 ^ S 1 - ^ 1^ 5 o o 1 1 3 ^ 1.2 "-5 U- ^ CO ;_, f^ o - c ■$ _o o o ■-. 1-5 o P5 s -^ S • > o o 5 5 3 •^ l-l O «2 ^ o a o o ^ 2 g "^ ^ ^ >> s 1^ «* f2 r-4 ffr i Pu INDEX. Abbreviations and contractions, 243. Abstract cash account, 128. Abstract of cash sales, 126. Abstract jmrcliase book, 120. Abstract purcliasc ledger, 121. Abstract of goods returned, 130. Abstract of time sales, 122, 123. Abstract sales book, 90. Accei)tance, 52. 09. Account, 1. Accounts classified, 30, 88, 92. Account sales, 81, 83. Account sales book, 101. Accountant's rejjort, 105. Allowance accounts, 55. Annual report, 170. Appendix, 227. Articles of copartnershij), 64, 70, 87. Assignment, 85, 187. Balance sheet, 34, 30, 39, 62, 75, 84. Bank account, 25. Banking, 191, 220. Bank, national. 193. Bank, state, 195. Bank, ]irivate, 195. Bank officers, 195, 196. Bank draft, 52. 53. Bill of sale, 04, 76, 87. Bill book, 78, 79. Bills receivable, 22. Bills payable, 23, 24. Blotter," 1. Bond, 94. Bookkeeping, 1. Branch house, 99. Business results, 7, 229, 231. Business statements, 23G, 237. Cash account, 9, 41, 44, 104, 128. Cash book, 41, 42, 88, 104, 164. Cash department, 118. Cashier, bank, 196. Cashiers statement, 95, 127. Cash sales, 16, 18, 47, 91. Cash tickets, 91. Cash receii>ts form, 127. Certificate of incorjioration, 173. Certificates, corporation, 175. Changing trom single to double entry, 234. Clearing houses, 225. Checks, 26,28, 44. Clerks' daily sales, 125. Closing accounts, 36, 37, 38, 39, 63. Collection iia])er, 205. 229 Collection tickler, 202, 204. Collection register, 200, 204. C. 0. D. account, 236. Commercial paper, 54. Commercial agencies, 99. Commission, 76. Commission merchants, 76. Commission business, 99 to 116. Commission sales book, 103. Consignments. 77, 81, S3. Consignment ledger, 100, 108. Corporations, 172 to 180. Corporations, how formed, 172. Cor})oration books, 177 to 180. Corjjorations, limited, 188. Cust book. 160. Credit man, 99. 119. Credit memorandum, 115, 131. Customers' ledger, 92, 93. Cutters stock book, 161, 162. Day book, 1, 229, 230. Day hook-journal, 1, 2, 3. Dealers' bill book, 203, 204. Deed, 64, 76. Department store business, 117 to 158. Dei)artinent store, advantages of, 117. Dei)artment charges form, 120, 121. Deposit, 25. Deposit ticket, 25. Dictionary of commercial terms, 238. Directors, corporation, 177. Directors, bank, 195. Discount paper, 206. Discount register, 200, 201. Discount tickler, 202, 204. Division of labor, 118, 164. Dividend book. 179. Dividend declared, 187. Doubtful resources, 236. Double entry, 1 to 237. Drafts, 50, 51, 53, 00. Draft register, 196, 197. Endorsements (.«('c imlorsenwnts). Errors in trial balance, 49, 50. Errors, correction of, 50, 234. Expense account, 17, 227. Gain, net, how found, 35, 229, 234. General bookkeejiing department, 118. Goods returned, 130. Good will, 87, 166, 171, 182. Impression account sales book, 101, 102. Impression sales book, 161. 250 INDEX. 251 Index, vowel, 108. Indcxins:, 108. Individiiul ledger, 198, -^00, 206. Indorsements, 28, 85. Installment scrip book, 178. Interest and discount, 54, 55, Interest on jiartners' accounts, 83, 155, Inventory, abstract, 15S, 171, 186. Inventory of doubtful resources, 236. Inventory of resources and liabilities, 33, 34, 39, 99, 229, 234. Inventory of property, 14, 33, 34, 62, 75, 84. Invoice book, 66, 67. Investments, 14, 64, 76, 87, 132, 159. Invoice of shipment, 77, 78. Joint stock companies, 188. Journal, bankino;, 196. Journalizing, 1. Ledger, 1, 4, 5, 38, 93, 100, 104, 106, 108, Ledger abstracts, 116, 156, Letters, 57, 61, 72, 110, 111, 113, 114, Letter book, 106, 107, Liabilities, 18, Liability inventories, 158, Loose leaf ledger, 100. Loose leaf metliod, 101. Loss and gam account, 36, 37, 38, 229, 234. Loss, net, how found, 35, 227, 229, 234. Main ledger, 106. Main store account, 109. Manufacturing business, 159 to 187. Manufacturing, cost of, 159. Manufacturing books closed, 171. Market quotations, 109. Merchandise account, 14, 15, 117, 159. Merchandise inventories, 33, 39, 62, 75, 84, 98. Merchandise discounts, iJS, 69, 70. Mill account, 164. Minute book, 178. Monthly statements, 62, 84. Notes, 22, 23, 24. Notes discounted, 56, 57, 60, Note ledger, 78, 79. Notice of dissolution, 86. Officers, 177. Official records, 178, 181. Omissions corrected, 234. Orders classified, 50, 109. Order book, 91, 92. Order sheets, 161. Paging before posting, 108. Partners' accounts, 86. Partnership dissolution, 85, 149. Partnership asreement, 64. 76, 87, 117. Partnerships,'64, 76, 85, 87, 117. Pass book, 25, 93. Pav roll book, 128, 163. Paying off, 129. Pay roll nicmoranduni, 130, Personal accounts, 4, 5, 18, 19, Petty cash book, 163, 167, 168, Power of attorney, 9, 181, Posting, 1, 3, 8, 29, 47. Principal's account, 83. Proprietor's account, 10, 11. Proving cash, 46, 48, 58, 62. Purchases department, 119. Quit claim deed, 85. Questions, 40, 63, S4, 98, 116, 189, 235. Real estate, 64. Eebates, 131. Receiving book, 108. Recei])ts, 16, 18, 21. Red ink, use of, 10, 11. Reports, 21, 2(), Resources, 9. Ruling, 6, 10, 19. Rules for debiting and crediting, 1, 9, 10, 14, 17, 18, 22, 23, 51, 52, 55, 237, Sales book, 65, 103, 162. Sales ledgers, 126. Sales department, 119. Sales tickets, 90, 122. Sliipments, 77, 80, 81. Shipjiiiig receipts, 58. Shi|inu'nt book, 109. Shii)ment ledger, 104, 105, 109. Single entry, 1, 227 to '235. {Single entry as practiced in business, 235. Statements, monthly, 32, 62, 75, 84. Stock certilicate, 72, 85. Stock certificate and transfer book, 179, 180. Stock ledger, 178, 205. Stock transferred, 187. Stock tickets, 162, Subscription book, 178. Summary sheets, 122, 123. Suniinary of daily ..:les, 123, 124. Sundry accounts, 131. Suspense account, 236. Teller, l)ank, 197. Terr IS of oale, 65, 66, 71. Ticket system, 91. Time index, 122. Trial balance, 6, 33, 49, 62, 75, 84, 89, 237. Trial balance errors. 49. THIS BOOK IS Dtn: ON TITE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO S1.0O ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. JUL 25 1947 LD 21-100m'12.Ma(879Gs) YD 05867 ^ 221704