HERALDS AND HERALDRY IN 
 JONSON'S PLAYS. 
 
ILLUSTRATION FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576. 
 
 ACHIEVEMENT OF THOMAS LORDE HAWARDE, 
 
 DUKE OF NORFOLKE. 
 
 Folio, 43 a 
 
L 
 
 HERALDS AND 
 HERALDRY^ 
 
 In Ben Jonson's Plays, Masques 
 and Entertainments 
 
 B r 
 ARTHUR HUNT1NGTON NASON 
 
 M. A . (Bowdoin); Instructor in English in 
 
 New York University ; and sometime 
 
 University Fellow in English 
 
 at Columbia. 
 
 University Heights, New York City 
 1907 
 
TR 
 
 Copyright, 1907 
 By Arthur Huntingion Nason 
 
 Press of 
 
 Burlcigh d? Flynt 
 Augusta, Me. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 'Y ENDEAVOR, in these studies in the 
 Heraldry of Ben Jonson, has been two-fold : 
 first, to present on a basis of sixteenth and 
 seventeenth century sources, those elements 
 of the heraldry of the time that are essential to an 
 understanding and enjoyment of the heraldic passages 
 in Jonson's works; and, second, to annotate in order 
 these heraldic passages in his plays, masques, and 
 entertainments, partly in the hope of amplifying the 
 notes of Jonson's editors, partly in the hope of correcting 
 a portion of the numerous heraldic misstatements they 
 have made. 
 
 So large is the subject, however, that I can hope 
 to make only a beginning, and that with much caution. 
 When Ralph Brooke, the York herald of Ben Jonson's 
 day, gave vent to his pique that William Camden, 
 headmaster of Westminster School, had been appointed, 
 over Brooke and other heralds of long service, to the 
 office of Clarencieux king of arms, Brooke warned 
 his successful rival that even "a king muft be content to 
 be laughed at. if he come into Appeles fhoppe and 
 difpute about collours and portraiture." If this could 
 be rightly said of learned Camden, at that time justly 
 famed for his Britannia, well may we modern students 
 of Ben Jonson's plays hestitate before venturing to 
 discuss the mysteries of arms and pedigrees. I hope 
 
x Preface. 
 
 that I may have contributed something to our knowledge 
 of the subject. Nevertheless, as Gerard Legh says in 
 the Preface to his Accedens of Armory, "My attempt 
 is not of prefuption to teache, (I myfelfe hauing moft 
 need to be taught), but only to thintent that gentlemen 
 that feeke to knowe all good thinges, and would haue 
 an entrie into this, may not finde here a thing expedient, 
 but rather a poorejielpe thereto." . 
 
 I take this opportunity to thank the officials of the 
 Columbia University library, of the library of the 
 University of Pennsylvania, of the New York City and 
 Boston public libraries, of the library of the Peabody 
 Institute, of the Maine State Library, and of the library 
 of New York University, for the many courtesies they 
 have granted me while pursuing these researches. My 
 thanks are especially due to Mr. Samuel Hill, Assistant 
 Librarian of the Peabody Institute, who, finding that I 
 had come to Baltimore one hot August day, ignorant of 
 the fact that the library was closed for the month, 
 admitted me to the building and, at no little inconvenience 
 to himself, I fear, placed its collections at my disposal. 
 Most of all am I indebted to the Harvard University 
 Library, which has sent me the sixteenth and seventeenth 
 century volumes from which the most valuable of my 
 illustrations are reproduced. 
 
 I desire to thank also those whose care and interest 
 has contributed to the mechanical preparation of the 
 book: Mr. H. C. Thayer, who, from the faded and time- 
 stained wood-cuts of 1576, has produced the successful 
 line-cuts of these pages; and Messrs. Burleigh and Flynt, 
 
Preface. xi 
 
 and the men and women in their employ, by whom the 
 book is printed. Among these I am especially grateful 
 to Mr. F. B. Teeling. 
 
 That the studies which compose this volume will be 
 of interest to any save the occasional specialist, I do not 
 expect. A very ancient, fish-like story relates that Pat, 
 having shown the cathedral to his country cousin, 
 inquired earnestly, 
 
 "Well, Mike, and what d'ye think of it ? " 
 
 "It bates the Diwle ! " 
 
 "That's the intoinshun." 
 
 Recently I submitted a portion of this volume to my 
 most valued critic. An hour later I woke him by- 
 inquiring, 
 
 "Well, what do you think of it ? " 
 
 "It beats the Dictionary ! " 
 
 A. H. N. 
 
 Augusta, Maine. 
 
 August 22, 1907. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 PREFACE. ...... ix 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . xiii 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. .... xvii 
 
 PART I. THE HERALDS AND HERALDRY OF 
 JONSON'S DAY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 THE SOURCES FOR OUR STUDY. Why the heraldic pas- 
 sages in Jonson invite discussion. Scope and divisions 
 of the present study. Our principal sources should be 
 the manuals of heraldry known to Jonson's audience : 
 I^egh'sAccedens of Armory ; Feme's Blazon of Gent- 
 rie; Bolton's Elements of Armories ; Guillim's Display 
 of Heraldry ; and others Legh's manual, the most 
 important. Its erudition. Its discursiveness. Its 
 content. Its short-comings. Representative of the 
 decadent heraldry of Jonson's day. .... 3 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE SHIELD, ITS TINCTURES, FORMS, POINTS AND 
 PARTITIONS. Armorial insigna. The shield. The 
 field. The tinctures : metals, colours, and furs. 
 Blazon. Blazon of tinctures. Tricking. Composition 
 of tinctures. Forms of the shield. The lozenge. 
 The points of the shield. The nine partitions : espe- 
 cially party per pale, quarterly, and geronne or gyrony. 13 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 THE CHARGES, OR BEARINGS. Definitions. Three classes. 
 The nine Honorable Ordinaries : especially the cross, 
 the chief, the chevron, and the saltier. The nine 
 Ordinaries Generall. The fifteen Common Charges 
 
xiv Table of Contents. 
 
 mentioned by Jonson : annulet, bezant, boar, boar's 
 head, dragon, eagle, fleur-de-lis, greyhound, label, 
 leek, lion, plate, rose, star, sun. Differences and 
 marks of cadency. .... ... 26 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 THE MARSHALLING OF ARMS. Definitions. Importance 
 of the subject. Laws of marshalling. Same, as stated 
 by Glover, Somerset herald 1571-88. Examples from 
 his Visitation of Yorkshire: pedigree and arms of 
 Clapham of Beamsley; of Dransfield of Stubbs Walden; 
 of Borough of Borough and of Lawson of Brough. As 
 a final illustration, an attempt to reconstruct the pedi- 
 gree and arms of her Grace, Aurelia Clara Pecunia, 
 the Infanta, in Jonson's Staple of News. 37 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE ACCESSORIES, AND THE COMPLETE ACHIEVEMENT. 
 Definitions. Crest. Wreath. Helmet. Mantling. 
 Illustration : achievement of a knight. Word, or 
 motto. Supporters. Illustration : achievement of a 
 duke. Garter. Illustration : achievement of a baron. 
 Badges, or cognizances. Royal badges. ... 50 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 THE HERALDS' COLLEGE, OR COLLEGE OF ARMS. In- 
 corporation. Earl Marshal. Members: kings of 
 arms ; heralds ; pursuivants. Description by John 
 Dodridge, the Solicitor General, 1600. Duties of the 
 heralds as defined by Dodridge. Duties of the kings 
 of arms as defined by Francis Thynne, Lancaster 
 herald, 1605. A detailed consideration of three duties 
 of the heralds : the conferring of arms ; the recording 
 and certifying of pedigrees ; and the supervision of 
 funerals. Why such a consideration is important to 
 the student of Jonson's plays. Jonson satarized not 
 heraldry but its abuse 61 
 
Table of Contents xv 
 
 PART II. NOTES ON THE HERALDIC PASSAGES IN 
 JONSON'S PLAYS, MASQUES AND ENTERTAIN- 
 MENTS. 75 
 
 THE ALCHEMIST.* 77 
 
 BARTHOLOMEW FAIR. I, I; Wks, II, 153. II, I; Wks, 
 
 II, 158-9 77 
 
 THE CASE Is ALTERED. IV, IV; Wks, II, 544. . . 78 
 
 CATILINE His CONSPIRACY. II, I; Wks, II, 92. . . 79 
 CYNTHIA'S REVELS. II, I; Wks, I, 162. HI, III; Wks, 
 
 I, 170 79 
 
 THE DEVIL Is AN Ass.* 80 
 
 THE Fox: See VOLPONE. 
 
 EPICCENE, OR THE SILENT WOMAN. I, I; Wks, I, 411: 
 The arms of Sir Amorous La-Foole. III, II; Wks, I, 
 433: Dr. Henry's misinterpretation. IV, II; Wks, I, 
 418: Dr. Henry's misinterpretation. ... 80 
 
 EVERY MAN IN His HUMOUR. Dedication; Wks, I, i: 
 William Camden as Clarencieux king of arms; his 
 controversy with Brooke, York herald; his con- 
 troversy concerning his deputies; his bequests to his 
 colleagues. I, III; Wks, I, 10-11. .... 83 
 
 EVERY MAN OUT OF His HUMOUR. I, I; Wks, I, 75. II, 
 I; Wks, I, 90. II, II; Wks, I, 95. Ill, I; Wks, I, 
 97. III, I; Wks, I, 100. Same reference: The crest 
 of Sogliardo. Same: the shield of Sogliardo. Same: 
 Summary of the arms of Sogliardo. .... 89 
 
 THE MAGNETIC LADY.* 99 
 
 MORTIMER, THE FALL OF.* 99 
 
 THE NEW INN. II, II; Wks, II, 354. .... 99 
 
 THE POETASTER. I, I; Wks, I, 212. II, I; Wks, I, 218: 
 The arms of Crispinus; relation of, to the name or 
 arms of the poet Marston; Mr. F. G. Fleay's in- 
 terpretation; Dr. B. Nicholson's interpretation; Rev. 
 A. B. Grosart's opinion thereon; Dr. H. S. Mallory's 
 opinions; the opinion of the present writer. V, I; 
 
 Wks, I, 253 99 
 
 THE SAD SHEPHERD.* 104 
 
 SEJANUS, His FALL.* 104 
 
 THE SILENT WOMAN: See EPICCKNE 
 
 THH STAPLE OF NEWS. Dramatis IVrsonse; Wks, II, 
 
 2/S. 105 
 
xvi Table of Contents. 
 
 I, II; Wks, II, 287-8: "Buried with the trumpeters;" 
 popular opposition to heraldic funerals in 1618 et seq.; 
 
 Dr. Winter's inadequate uote thereon. . . . 105 
 
 II, I; Wks, II, 292: "I have read the Elements and 
 Accidence and all the leading books;" Dr. Winter's 
 misinterpretation. . ...... 108 
 
 II, 1; Wks, II, 292: "This so pure complexion, a per- 
 fect sanguine;" Dr. Winter's misinterpretation, and 
 
 incidental heraldic errors 109 
 
 II, I; Wks, II, 301 113 
 
 IV, I; Wks, II, 321: Pecunia's pedigree.. . . 114 
 
 " ' 321-2: Gifford's note. . . . 114 
 
 ' " 321: Dr. Winter's note. . . . 115 
 
 " 321: Arms of the Duke of Or. . 117 
 
 ' " 322: Another coat 118 
 
 " 322: The Welsh coat. . . 119 
 
 323 I2 i 
 
 324: Jonson's opinion of heralds. . 121 
 " 325: "Nullify him for no gentle- 
 man." 122 
 
 A TALE OF A TUB. I, III; Wks, II, 445. II, I; Wks, II, 
 
 454- 124 
 
 VOLPONE, OR THE Fox. I, 1; Wks, I, 342. . . .126 
 
 MASQUES AND ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 PART OF KING JAMES'S ENTERTAINMENT IN PASSING TO 
 
 His CORONATION. Wks, II, 556. 558-9. 562. . 127 
 
 PRINCE HENRY'S BARRIERS. Wks, III, 67. 67. 69. . 130 
 
 A CHALLENGE AT TILT. Wks, III, 88 132 
 
 A MASQUE OF THE METAMORPHOSED GIPSIES. Wks, 
 
 III, 141- 145 i33 
 
 THE FORTUNATE ISLES. Wks, III, 198 134 
 
 LOVE'S TRIUMPH THROUGH CALLIPOLIS. Wks, III, 203. 134 
 LOVE'S WELCOME AT WELBECK. Wks, III, 215. 215. 
 
 216. 134 
 
 LOVE'S WELCOME AT BOLSOVER. Wks, III, 221. 221. . 135 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX 137 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY: SOURCES. 139 
 
 GENERAL REFERENCE 141 
 
 EDITIONS OF JONSON. 142 
 
 INDEX AND HERALDIC CONCORDANCE 143 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Frontispiece. Specimen illustration from Legh's 
 Accedens of Armory, 1576; Achievement of Thomas 
 Lorde Hawarde, Duke of Norfolke. Folio 43 a. 
 
 1. Specimen page from Legh's Accedens of Armory, 
 
 1576; Folio i. 5 
 
 2. Arms of Anne, Princess of Denmark, Queen of James 
 
 I.; reproduced from The Mirrovr of Maiestie, 1618. 21 
 
 3. The nine points of the shield; redrawn from Guillim's 
 
 Display of Heraldry. 22 
 
 4. The nine partitions; redrawn from Legh. 24 
 
 5. A lion rampant; reproduced from Legh, Folio 44 a. 25 
 
 6. The nine honorable ordinaries; redrawn from Legh. 28 
 
 7. An heraldic label; " " " 32 
 
 8. An heraldic rose; " " " 32 
 
 9. An heraldic fleur-de-lis; " " " 33 
 10, ii, 12. Group to illustrate the laws of marshalling. 
 
 Drawn by A. H. N., from blazons, i.e. heraldic 
 descriptions, in Glover's Visitation of Yorkshire, 
 
 1585- 45 
 
 13. Hypothetical marshalling of the arms of her Grace, 
 
 Aurelia Clara Pecunia, the Infanta, of Jonson's 
 Staple of News. Drawn by A. H. N. 48 
 
 14. The achievement of a knight; reproduced from Legh, 
 
 Folio 58 a. 53 
 
 15. The achievement of a baron; reproduced from Legh, 
 
 Folio, 50 b. 57 
 
 16. Passant, guardant, and regardant. A full page, text 
 
 and illustrations, reproduced from Legh, Folio 
 48 a, to illustrate a passage in Jonson's Cynthia's 
 Revels, III, III. 81 
 
 17. Tricking of the arms of Sogliardo, in Every Man Out 
 
 of His Humour, III, I. Drawn by A. H. N. 95 
 
 1 8. The Arms of Sogliardo, a complete achievement; 
 
 from the blazon, i.e. the heraldic description, in 
 Every Man Out of Humour, III, I. Drawn by 
 A. H. N. 97 
 
xviii List of Illustrations. 
 
 19. Alleged arms of the poet Marston, from a blazon of 
 
 the arms of Marston in Burke's Encyclopaedia of 
 Heraldry; to illustrate Dr. Nicholson's interpreta- 
 tion of the arms of Crispinus, in The Poetaster, 
 II, I. Drawn by A. H. N. 103 
 
 20. Modern device for representing Vert, Purpure, and 
 
 Sanguine; to illustrate Dr. Winter's interpretation 
 
 of a passage in The Staple of News^ II, I. no 
 
 21. A shield lozengy; text and illustration from Legh, 
 
 Folio 92 a, to illustrate the present writer's 
 objections to Dr. Winter's interpretation just 
 mentioned. 112 
 
 22. Azure, a sun; reproduced from Legh, Folio 58 b, to 
 
 illustrate a portion of the arms of the Lady 
 Pecunia, in The Staple of News, IV, I. 117 
 
 23. Arms of James I; reproduced from The Mirrovr of 
 
 Maiestie, 1618, to illustrate a passage in Jonson's 
 King James's Entertainment. 128 
 
 24. Arms of the City of London; to illustrate further the 
 
 passage just mentioned. Drawn, on a basis of i6th 
 
 and i jth century sources, by A. H. N. 129 
 
 25. Feather Badge of Charles I, as Prince of Wales; 
 
 reproduced from The Mirrovr of Maiestie, 1618, 
 to illustrate a passage in Jonson's Prince Henry^s 
 Barriers. 131 
 
PART I. _ 
 
 THE HERALDS AND HERALDRY OF 
 
 I'SDAY. 
 
 1. Madman. I have skill in harroldry. 
 
 2. Madman. Hast? 
 
 i . Madman. You do give for your creast a 
 
 woodcockes head, with the braines pickt out 
 on't ; you are a very ancient gentleman. 
 
 Webster : The Duchess of Malfi, IV,2. 
 
PART I. THE HERALDS AND HERALDRY 
 OF JONSON'S DAY. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 THE SOURCES FOR OUR STUDY. 
 
 VIEW of the vast and varied technical knowl- 
 edge displayed by Jonson in his dramatic works, it 
 is not surprising to find that he possessed a detailed 
 familiarity with the science of Heraldry. The 
 wonder is rather that, although the casual heraldic allu- 
 sions in the plays of Shakspere have been made the sub- 
 ject of a monograph, x no one has written, heretofore, on 
 the far more numerous and technical heraldic passages in 
 the plays of Jonson. The heraldry of Shakspere has far 
 less need of annotation. "They may give," says Slender, 
 "the dozen white luces in their coat ;" to which the Welsh- 
 man replies, "The dozen white louses do become an old 
 coat well." * But Jonson's heraldic jests are buried 
 beneath a mass of technical terminology. For example : 
 "Gyrony of eight pieces, azure and gules ; between three 
 plates, a chevron engrailed checquy, or, vert, and ermins ; 
 on a chief argent, between two ann'lets sable, a boar's 
 head proper." 3 
 
 That much excellent satire exists even in such pas- 
 sages as the foregoing, I hope presently to show. Such 
 is at least one of my purposes in the notes that constitute 
 "Part II." But before I annotate particular passages, it 
 is desirable that I present, as "Part I," a clear state- 
 
 1 Heraldik in Dienslfn der Shakespeare* Forschung. Selbststudirn von Alfred 
 von Mauntz. Berlin. Mayer & Mutter. 1903. * Merry Wives of Windsor, 
 I, I. 3 Eveiy Man Out of His ffumoitr, III, I : Works, I, loo. 
 
4 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 ment of so much of the science of Heraldry as actually 
 appears in the dramatic works of Jonson. This state- 
 ment, moreover, should be based not on the theory of 
 heraldry as taught by modern manuals, nor on the theory 
 of heraldry as it was practiced in its prime, but on heraldry 
 as it was popularly known and practiced in Jonson 's day, 
 a period of heraldic decadence. , 
 
 Our most obvious sources for such a study are the 
 official records of the Heralds' Office, many of which are 
 now accessible in p"rint. For our present purpose, how- 
 ever, these records are not our only sources, nor our best. 
 What we wish to study is not chiefly the heraldry of the 
 time as it was understood by the officers of the Heralds' 
 College, but rather, the heraldry of the time as it was 
 understood by Jonson and his audience. Whatever went 
 into the popular manuals of heraldry in Jonson's day, 
 that with most likelihood, we may suppose familiar to 
 the play -going public. These popular manuals, therefore, 
 whether written by heralds or by laymen, must constitute 
 our most important source. 
 
 Who were the popular- authorities' on heraldry in 
 Jonson's day ? Jonson himself has given us one answer : 
 "Sir," says his young pursuivant, Master Piedmantle, "I 
 have read the Elements and Accidence, and all the lead- 
 ing books. "< The former is a work by Jonson's friend 
 Edmond Bolton ; the latter, an earlier manual by Gerard 
 Legh. Camden, in his Remains concerning Britain, re- 
 peats these names and adds two more ; he cordially refers 
 his readers "to Edmond Bolton, who learnedly and judi- 
 cioufly hath difcovered the firft Elements of Armory, to 
 Gerrard Leigh, John Feme, John Guillim." s Gmllim, 
 whose Display of Heraldry, 1610, is the ablest treatise 
 of them all, gives as his sources, "Ger. Leigh, Bofwell, 
 
 < Staple o/JVni's. II, I; Works, II, 292. - Camden: Remains concerning Britain, 
 1674 ; Reprint of 1870. p. 248. 
 
f The Acctdens tf Armory 
 
 Legh, Gerard, /JO 
 
 pggf Od faue you fir Hcrefyuighte, 
 Gerarde. AndyoUaUb* What 
 arc you and vyhereforc come 
 yc nether? L, 1 am a Calighutc 
 1 knight, and vnderftandinge yc 
 are an Herchauoht,cometoler- 
 k ne thole thinges, that ycu arc 
 bound to teachc me: that is, to blafc Armcs, with 
 all rhc'tcrm'cs thereto apperrayning, vvithmyfer- 
 uicetomy Soueraign.G. And if I were not bound 
 todoeitby rnyne othe, yct-of Curtcfy I will te- 
 ach e you. And becaufe yc are vvyllinge,! wyll'thc 
 fbonci imlruc^yuu, cucn from thebeginnynge, 
 totheende. T ellinge you for the firft.pointc, that 
 theare are nyne fondrye fieldes, ofthc whyche, 
 feuen of them bee termed Colourcs, and two, 
 Mcttalles. L, vvhyche are they? G. The two Mct- 
 talles are Goulde and Siluer And the feuen Co- 
 lours, are Redd, lyghtBlewe, Blacke, Greene, 
 Violet, OrengeTawney, and Murrey .-But you 
 amid not fo ternic them, wherefore, I wil fct their; 
 proprc names within euery of their Scotcheons. 
 And for to call them by thefcnames,itwetcfhame 
 amongft the Herehaughtes,andnotworthyethe 
 name of blafonnc. But to the dfc&e. Fitft I wyll 
 begynnc with the molt precious metal/, Goulde^ 
 
 FIGURE I. 
 
 SPECIMEN PAGE FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY. 
 1576. 
 
6 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Feme, Bara, Chaffaneus." 6 A generation later, Mat- 
 thew Carter, Esq., who was quarter-master general to 
 King Charles in the campaign of Colchester, 1648, still 
 accounts "Leigh, Feme, Guillim, and others" to be "the 
 beft I could confult in this ftudy." 7 And finally, the 1661 
 edition of Peacham's Compleat Gentleman, (I have not 
 seen the original edition, 1622), refers to "Bara, Upton, 
 Gerrard Leigh, Matter Fern, Mailer Guilliam (late Por- 
 cullis purfuivant) in his Methodicall Difplay of Heraldry, 
 with fundry others" 8 In these five lists we note: first, 
 that Gerard Legh's Accedens of Armoty is mentioned by 
 all; second, that the work of Feme is named by all save 
 Jonson, and the work of Guillim by all save Jonson and 
 himself ; and, third, that Bolton's Elements of Armory, 
 mentioned by Jonson, is especially commended by 
 William Camden, Esq., Clarencieux. If we consider, 
 further, that Legh's Accedens passed through seven 
 editions from its first appearance, 1562, to 1612,9 and 
 that Guillim's Display of Heraldry was published at least 
 eight times from 1610 to the year of the so-called "sixth" 
 edition, 1724, J0 we shall conclude that, for our discus- 
 sion of heraldry as it was popularly known and practiced 
 in Jonson's day, our chief reliance should be Gerard 
 Legh, (or Leigh, as it was also spelled), our next, 
 Guillim, and after that, Feme, Bolton, and the "fondry 
 others." 
 
 On a basis of these authorities, I purpose, in my next 
 five chapters, to attempt an exposition of the science of 
 heraldry of Jonson's day. First, however, I beg to in- 
 troduce my friend, the garrulous and delightful Gerard 
 
 'Guillim: Display of Heraldry , 1610; "Mr. Guillim's Preface to the Reader," 
 here quoted from the editions of 1679 and 1724. 7 Carter : Honor Redivivus, 
 i655 ; P- 48. 8 Peacham: The Compleat Gentleman, "Third Impression," 
 1661, p. 178. 9 1562 ; 1568 ; 1572 ; 1576; 1591 ; 1597 ; and 1612. Diet. Nail. Biog. 
 10 1610 ; 1632 ; 1638 ; 1660 ; 1664 ; 1666 ; the "fifth" edition, 1679 : and the "sixth" 
 edition, 1724. D. N. B. 
 
Sources. 7 
 
 Legh. " This worthy author is nothing if not scholarly. 
 He declares that the laws of heraldry "were before the 
 fiege of Troye, as appeareth in Deuteronomion" " He 
 quotes from "an aucthor entituled Gefta Troianoru" to 
 show how the order of knighthood came to be instituted 
 by Asteriall, who "came of the lyne of that worthy gentil- 
 man, lapheth." 13 He cites "the Genealogie of Mathewe 
 & Luke" to prove "lefus Chrift, a gentleman of great 
 linnage." I4 He concludes his monograph with a six- 
 column alphabetical index ; and he prefixes a brief but 
 soundly-selected Bibliography : 
 
 "I will fhewe fomany as I haue authorized this Pam- 
 philet by. And they are of number ix as folowen. I. 
 Nicholas Vpton, defcried blafonne. 2. Nicholas Warde, 
 wrote of the whole worke. 3. Bartholus, of trickinge, 
 and differences of bretherne and kinffolke. 4. Vlpianus 
 wrote of the whole. 5. Buddeus, of the begynninge of 
 the la we of armes. 6. Alciatus, the booke called Pare- 
 gon. 7. Fraunces of Foea, of vnperfect colours. 8. Hon- 
 orius, of the order of battailes and combats. 9. lohn le 
 Feroune, of the blafonne of colours." ** 
 
 But although Legh has these tricks of modem scholar- 
 ship, he lacks the modern power of organization. Well 
 does he call it his "dyf ordered booke." l6 Perhaps the form 
 he has chosen, a dialogue between an old herald and 
 a pupil, encourages digressions. The question whether 
 women may bear arms, suggests the story of King Lear 
 and his three daughters. '? The herald's assertion that 
 a rebatement in an escutcheon is as much shame to the 
 bearer thereof as it is to a woman to go naked, brings 
 forth from the doubting pupil the story of Godwina. l8 
 
 11 The Accedens of Armory. ... Imprynted at London in fiete strrete within 
 temple Barrc at the signe of the hand & starre, by Richard Tottel,Anno. 1576. 
 12 Legh, Folio 21 b. Ibid. Fol. 23 b. * Ibid. Fol. 13 b. Ibid. Preface, 
 A. ii. b. '6 Ibid. Fol. 135 a. " Ibid. Fol. 96 a - 97 a. 18 Ibid. Fol. 74 b. 
 
8 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Announcing his purpose to show "the fignes that are 
 borne," the old herald begins with the first of the nine 
 "Honorable Ordinaries," the cross. ^ But alas, when 
 he has enumerated and described only forty-nine of the 
 "diners & fodry forts of Crofles," a process that has occu- 
 pied but twenty-four pages, his ungrateful pupil begs : 
 "I pray you leaue of, & fhewe me forrie other leflbn. For 
 you vfe me like a dull fcholler, to keepe me at the Chrifte 
 croffe rowe, a whole weeke together." 20 And this pro- 
 test so disturbs the thread of his discourse, that the 
 herald does not get back to his "Honorable Ordinaries" 
 for forty -four pages more. 
 
 In presenting, therefore, the substance of Legh's 
 Accedens of Armory, I shall make no attempt to follow 
 the exact order or rather, "dyforder" of my authority. 
 Instead, I shall regroup its contents, so far as maybe, in 
 the order in which I purpose to treat the same material 
 in my own chapters. Legh's subject-matter, in brief, I 
 shall outline under four heads : (i) The Shield, its tinct- 
 ures, forms, points, and partitions. (2) The Charges that 
 may be borne upon it. (3) Complete Achievements, each 
 consisting of a shield and its accessories. (4) The Heralds, 
 and other topics of discussion. 
 
 Under the first head, I place Legh's description of 
 the several forms of the heraldic shield, of which "there 
 are nine fundrye fafhions, and al auncient ;" 2I the nine 
 points of the shield, namely, the dexter point, the chief 
 point, the sinister point, the honor point, the fesse point, 
 the nombril, the dexter base point, the base point, and 
 the sinister base point ; " and the nine partitions called 
 per pale, quarterly, per fesse, per bend, (Legh misprints 
 "fefle"), per bend sinister, per chevron, per saltier, per pile 
 in point, and per geronne. 2 * More elaborate is Legh's 
 
 ' Ibid. Fol. 27 b. " Ibid. Fol. 39 b. " Ibid. Fol. 16 a - 21 a. Ibid. Fol. 
 24 a - 25 a. M Ibid. Fol. 25 a - 27 b. 
 
Sources. g 
 
 discussion of the metals, colours, and furs, three classes 
 which Legh's immediate successors grouped together 
 under the common name of "tinctures." The metals and 
 colours, Legh speaks of as the "nyne fondrye fieldes." 2 * 
 Here he enumerates as metals, or and argent, and as 
 colours, geules, azure, sable, vert, purpure, tenne, and 
 sanguine. To each of these, Legh devotes from two to 
 four pages. He specifies its qualities and its commen- 
 dations ; he names the corresponding planet, and the cor- 
 responding precious stone, each with further qualities 
 and commendations ; and he concludes with a table show- 
 ing the significance of each field, first by itself, and then 
 compounded with each of the other eight. Between the 
 metals and colours and the furs, Legh sees no connec- 
 tion, and he reserves the furs for later consideration ; 2 * 
 but as both Feme and Guillim group the furs with the met- 
 als and colours, according to modern usage, 26 1 shall so place 
 them here. According to Legh, "There ar[e] nine fun- 
 dry furres, which in fcocheons are called by ix proper 
 names, and in mantels they are called doublings." 2 ? 
 These nine are : ermyne, argent, ermines, erminites, 
 ermynois, pean, verrey, verry, and vaire. Of all these 
 heraldic terms, I shall presently define so many as are 
 essential to an understanding of the plays of Jonson. In 
 this chapter, my purpose is merely to show the content 
 of Legh's book. 
 
 Under my second head, the Charges that may be borne 
 upon the shield, falls perhaps the largest division of 
 Legh's matter. Here are the crosses, forty-nine of them, 
 as aforesaid. 28 Here are the other eight of the nine 
 "Honorable Ordinaries," namely the chief, the pale, the 
 bend and bend sinister, the fesse, the scocheon, the chev- 
 ron, the salterye, and the barre, most of which have their 
 
 2 * Ibid. Fol. i a - 12 b. Ibid. Fol. 7; a - 78 a. *& Feme, p. i6v, Guillim, 1679, 
 p. 35, and 1724, p. 7 and p. 21. - 7 Legh, Fol. 75 a. 28 Ibid. Fol. 27 b - 39 b. 
 
IO Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 diminutives. *? Here are the "Ordinaries Generall," nine 
 in number: the geronne, the urle (orle), the pyle, the 
 quarter, the quarter sinister, the canton, the canton sinis- 
 ter, flasques, and voyders. 3 Here are the lions : rampant, 
 saliaunt, seiaunte, couchaunte, dormant, combatant, en- 
 dorsed, passant, passant gardant, passant regardant, and 
 manv more. 3 ' Here are other beasts, and birds : hart, uni- 
 corn, bull, boar, ram, horse, goat, grey-hound, talbot, ass, 
 wolf, dolphin, serpent, eagle, cock, swan, raven, griffin, 
 cockatrice ; and of'all these, Legh has most astonishing 
 things to tell, for which, with scholarly accuracy, he cites 
 Auicene, Plynie, Ifidore, the Hebrew Rabbines, and Phif- 
 eoiogus. ' 2 Here, also, are the heavenly bodies, the sun, 
 the crescent, the increscent, the decrescent, and the 
 star ; " twenty-two miscellaneous charges ; * and the nine 
 roundels, " the nine rebatings, ' 6 the nine differences of 
 brethren, 3 ' and the nine bordures. 3 And finally in 
 this group I place Legh's "nine fundry mefles ;" 39 his 
 nine worthy particions ; * his nine honorable ordinaries 
 charged ; 4I his nine coats commixed with two of the honor- 
 able ordinaries; * his nine coats unclassified ; his nine sun- 
 dry things borne in triangle ; and his nine difficult coats 
 to blaze. These last seven classes seem to serve chiefly 
 as additional exercises for the pupil of blazonry. 
 
 As my third head, I group the four complete Achieve- 
 ments of Arms in which heraldic escutcheons are mar- 
 shalled with their accessories. One of these is the 
 achievement of a duke ; another, that of a baron ; the 
 third, that of a knight ; and the last, that of an esquire. 
 Each is illustrated with a full-page cut, 6 and each is 
 carefully blazoned. They shew the disposition of the 
 
 29 Ibid. FoL6ib-68a. *> IbiA Fol. 68 a - 70 b. * 44 a -50 a. *5ib-57b; 
 andjgb-6ib. as 58 -b 59 a. * gSb-ioib. 86b-88b. *7cb-74b. 
 io6b-iiob. 38 I10 b-mb. *> 78 a -80 a. < 80 a -83 a. **83a-86b. 
 * 90 a - 92 a. 92 a - 93 b. " 93 b - 96 a. 105 a - 106 b. *> Two of 
 these cuts I reproduce in Chapter V, and a third as a frontispiece. 
 
Sources. 1 1 
 
 crest, wreath, helmet, mantlings, supporters, scroll, word, 
 and badges, around the escutcheon ; and they illustrate 
 the marks distinguishing the several ranks. Their value 
 for this purpose is lessened by the fact that Legh does 
 not group the four achievements together, but scatters 
 them as diversions along the way, ^ because he "will 
 not tyer you with too much of one thing together." * 8 
 
 Fourth, and last, I come to Legh's discussion of the 
 heralds, and of various minor topics. Early in the book, 
 he digresses to explain to whom arms were first given, 
 and what are the nine kinds of gentlemen. ^ Presently 
 the question arises, "When beganne armes ? and whether 
 at the fiege of Troye, or not ?" and this he discusses to 
 the extent of six pages. 5 Another topic is Whether 
 women may bear arms, and how ; s* and another, Where- 
 fore he has so often used the number nine. & More 
 important is his discussion of the officers of arms, their 
 degrees, duties, and creation. 53 Toward the end of the 
 book, Legh indulges in some highly idealistic nonsense 
 concerning the granting of arms and the appropriateness 
 of the arms conferred, * and illustrates the form for a 
 pedigree by giving, first ascending and then descending, 
 the pedigree of Queen Elizabeth. ss The remainder of 
 the book, except for a rambling conclusion, $ 6 is devoted 
 to a fanciful description of what the old herald of Legh's 
 dialogue saw at the court of "Pallaphilos, the highe con- 
 ftable of the Goddeffe [Pallas], . . . marfhall of thinner 
 Temple." 57 
 
 Such is the content of Gerard Legh's Accedens of 
 Armory, one of the chief sources, apparently, from which 
 the auditor s of Jonson's plays would draw their knowledge 
 
 v Legh, Fol. 42 b - 44 a ; 50 a - 51 b ; 58 a-b ; and 8S b - 89 b. *<> Ibid. Fol. 58 b. 
 *9i2b-i6a. 52ia-24a. 5 I g6a-98a. * 2 irjb-i^a. S339b-42b. 
 5 * 114 b - 117 a. "ii/a-iiSa. S6 i3ib-i35b. " 1183-131 a. 
 
12 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 of the science of Heraldry. In some respects, the book 
 is woefully inadequate. Of marshalling, for example, to 
 which we shall devote an entire chapter, the Accedens 
 says almost nothing. & Its definitions, too, are obscure 
 or non-existent, as if Legh relied chiefly on his cuts to 
 make his meaning clear. For definite statements, we 
 shall have often to refer from Legh to less noted writers 
 who came after him. But for the spirit of the heraldry of 
 Jonson's day, its mystery, its sham, its learned ignorance, 
 we need seek no more representative work than Legh's 
 Accedens of Armory. 
 
 The heraldry of Jonson's day, so far as it will aid our 
 knowledge and enjoyment of the plays of Jonson, I now 
 purpose to present. The sources of my material, I have 
 indicated in the present chapter ; in the five chapters that 
 follow, I shall offer the material itself. In these five 
 chapters, my order of presentation will be as follows : 
 
 Chapter II. The Shield : its tinctures, forms, points, 
 and partitions. 
 
 Chapter III. The Charges that may be borne upon it. 
 
 Chapter IV. The Marshalling of several coats within 
 one shield. 
 
 Chapter V. The Accessories, and the Complete 
 Achievement. 
 
 Chapter VI. The Heralds' College, or College of Arms. 
 
 * 8 Marshalling is mentionedincidentallyunder "Per pale" and "Quarterly," Fol. 
 25 a - 26 a. 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 THE SHIELD: ITS TINCTURES, FORMS, 
 POINTS, AND PARTITIONS. 
 
 INSIGNIA that form the chief subject- 
 matter of the science of Heraldry, are variously 
 denominated "arms," "coats," and "coats of 
 arms." Thus, for example, in Jonson's Catiline, 
 the aristocratic Sempronia refers to Cicero as, 
 
 ... a mere upstart, 
 
 That has no pedigree, no house, no coat, 
 No ensigns of a family ; ' 
 
 And Mosca, in Volpone, speaks of 
 
 A piece of plate, sir, . . . huge, 
 
 Massy, and antique, with your name inscribed 
 
 And arms engraved. 2 
 
 A person entitled to a coat of arms is said to bear 
 that coat : 
 
 She bears, an't please you, argent, three leeks vert, 
 In Canton or, tasselled of the first. 3 
 
 And the verb give is used with a similar meaning : 
 Does not Caesar give the eagle ? * 
 
 The central and essential part of a complete coat 
 of arms is the shield, scutcheon, or escutcheon. When 
 
 thought of as the ground upon which heraldic 
 The Field. . . & . , & ., 
 
 insignia are placed, the escutcheon is denom- 
 
 inated the field. "The Field," says Guillim, "is the 
 whole Surface (if I may fo call it) of the Shield, over- 
 
 iCatiline, II, I ; Works, II, 92. 2 I'olpone, I, I ; Wks, I, 342. 3 staple of News, IV, 
 I ; Wks, II, 322. * Poetaster, V, I ; Wks, 1, 253. 
 
14 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 fpread with fome Metal, Colour, or Furr, and compre- 
 hendeth in it the Charge, if it hath any." s Jonson 
 makes frequent use of this term: 
 
 . . . He bears 
 In afield azure, a sun proper. . . . 6 
 
 James Shirley, Jonson's avowed ( disciple, plays upon 
 this word "field" and also upon the word "coats," which 
 in his day was applied also to the so-called coat-cards, 
 king, queen, and knave : 
 
 Bostock. Name but one [of my rivals] , 
 And if he cannot show as many coats 
 
 Ti avers. He thinks he has good cards for her and likes 
 His game well. 
 
 Bostock. Be an understanding knight, 
 And take my meaning ; if he show 
 As much in heraldry 
 
 Trovers. I do not know how rich he is in fields, 
 But he is a gentleman. 7 
 
 For a discussion of the Field, or, indeed, of any part 
 
 of a coat of arms, some knowledge of the Tinctures is a 
 
 pre-requisite. The term Tincture, ac- 
 
 The Tinctures. ,. , . , 
 
 cording to modern usage, is a general 
 name to cover the heraldic metals, colours, and furs. 
 Legh has no such generic term, nor has he any conscious- 
 ness of the common nature of the three classes. Feme 
 realizes their kinship, but lacks the generic name. "The 
 Armories which are called vera" he says, "bee compofed 
 either of mettell and colour, or els of furres." 8 Bolton 
 uses the word tincture for both metals and colours, 9 but 
 he keeps the furs apart ; and when his Sir Eustace asks, 
 "Are furres neither metal nor colour?" Sir Amias 
 replies, "It is faid of the Planet Mercuric, that he is 
 affected as the celeftial bodies with whom hee is ; good 
 with the good, and bad with the bad : So ( by a kinde of 
 
 s Guillim, 1679, p. 36-7 ; 1724, p. 26. 6 5. of N., IV, I ; Wks, II, 321. ? Shirley : 
 The Ball, I, I. 8 Feme, 163. 9 Bolton, 83. 
 
The Shield: its Tinctures, &c. 15 
 
 Antithefis) the furres in Armes are as metall with colour, 
 and of the nature of colour when the reft is metall." I0 
 Guillim, however, whose first edition appeared in the same 
 year with Bolton's Elements, 1610, has grasped the new 
 concept : "Thofe Efcocheons are faid to be of one Tinc- 
 ture," he says, "that have only fome one Metal, Colour, 
 or Furr, appearing in the Shield ;" " and elsewhere, he 
 defines Tincture as the "Hue of Arms." " 
 
 The three classes of Tinctures are the Metals, the 
 Colours, and the Furs. Of the first two classes, Legh 
 
 (1) The Metals. savs : "Theare are nyne fondry fieldes, 
 
 of the whyche, feuen of them bee termed 
 
 (2) The Colours. Coloures, and two Mettalles. . . . The 
 two Mettalles are Goulde and Siluer. And the feuen 
 Colours, are Redd, lyght Blewe, Blacke, Greene, Violet, 
 Orenge Tawney, and Murrey. But you muft not f o terme 
 them, . . . for to call them by thefe names, it were 
 fhame amongft the Herehaughtes, and not worthye the 
 name of blafonne." ^ The heraldic names for these nine 
 tinctures are : Gold, or; silver, argent; red, gules; blue, 
 azure; black sable; green, vert; violet or purple, piirpure; 
 orange tawny, tenne; and murrey, sanguine. 
 
 The names of the nine furs recognized by Legh, I 
 
 quoted in Chapter I, when stating the content of his 
 
 Accedens. For our study of Jonson, only 
 
 (3) The Furs. , , ,, , , J , ~ , ..- ,, 
 
 two of these nine need be defined. "Ermyn, 
 says Guillim, "is a Furr confifting of White diftinguifhed 
 with black Spots ;" '-* or, in the words of Legh, "Argent 
 powdered with Sable." 's "Ermines," according to the 
 same authors, "is Black powdered with White," l6 or 
 "Sable poudred with Argent." '? Jonson uses the latter 
 fur in the arms of Sogliardo, "A chevron engrailed chec- 
 quy, or, vert, and ermins." l8 
 
 10 Ibid, 171. " Guillim, 1679, p. 35 ; 1724, P- 21. I2 Guillim, 1679, p. 7. '3 Legh, 
 Fol. i a. > Guillim, 1679, p. 14 ; 1724, p. 13. 's Legh, Fol. 75 a. I6 Guil- 
 lim, 1673, p. 15 ; 1724, p. 15. ' Legh, Fol. 75 b. 18 E.M.O., III. I: Wks. 
 1, 100. 
 
1 6 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 The description of a coat of arms, phrased in heraldic 
 language, is called the blazon. "Blazon," says Bolton, 
 "is the defcription of Armes, and their appurte- 
 Biazon. nanceSj by the receiued termes, or other apt ex- 
 prelTion of things by words." '9 "To blaze, then," he 
 continues, "is in Armory the fame, which in other facul- 
 ties is to defcribe, and blazon and defcription are vniuo- 
 call." 20 The editor of the 1724 edition of Guillim thus 
 defines the word : "Blazon properly fignifies the Winding 
 of an Horn ; but tb blazon a Coat, is to defcribe the Things 
 borne in their proper Tinctures and Geftures." 2I Guil- 
 lim himself explains the process thus : "In the Blazoning 
 of any Coat, you muft evermore obferve this fpecial Rule. 
 Firft to begin with the Field, and then proceed to the 
 Blazon of the Charge, if any be. Moreover, if the Field 
 be occupied with fundry Things, whether the fame be of 
 one or diverfe Kinds, you muft firft nominate that which 
 lieth next and immediately upon the Field, and then 
 Blazon that which is more remote from the fame." " 
 Farther on, he adds : "In Blazoning of any Arms, you 
 muft . . . firft expref s the Metal, Colour, or Furr of the 
 Field, faying 'He beareth Or, Argent, Gides, &c' ; or 
 thus, 'The Field is Or, Argent, Gules, &c.' ... The 
 firft Metal, Colour, or Furr that you begin to Blazon 
 withal, is always underftood among our Englifli Blazoners 
 to be the Field." ^ Of the noun "blazon" and the verbs 
 "to blazon" and "to blaze," Jonson makes frequent use, 
 for example, in The Staple of News, IV, I, 2 * and in 
 Every Man Out of His Humour, III, I. *= 
 
 '9 Bolton. 63. 20 Ibid. 64. 2I Guillim. 1724, p. i ; marked as an insertion in that 
 edition. 22 Guillim, 1679, p. 9 ; 1724, p. 2. -3 Guiliim, 1679. p. 37 ; 1724, p. 
 26. 2 < S. of.\.. IV. I; Wks. II. 321-2. 2 5 E. M. O., Ill, I ; Wks, 1, 100. 
 
The Shield: its Tinctures, &c. 
 
 The Blazon of 
 Tinctures. 
 
 One method of blazoning the Tinctures, I have 
 already indicated, when I specified or, argent, gules, and 
 the others as the heraldic names for gold, 
 silver, red, and so forth. In Jonson's day, 
 however, several other methods were rec- 
 ognized in England. Guillim applies "to each particular 
 ftate of Gentry, a blazon Correfpondent. As for example, 
 to Gentlemen having no title of dignity, blazon by Metals 
 and Colours ; to perfons ennobled by the Soveraign, by 
 precious Stones ; and to Emperours, Monarchs, Kings 
 and Princes, blazon by Planets." 26 Guillim's three meth- 
 ods had been recognized before by Legh, 27 Feme, ** and, 
 I doubt not, others. The several equivalents I tabulate 
 as follows : 
 
 Gold or Yellow 
 
 Silver or White 
 
 Red 
 
 Blue 
 
 Black 
 
 Green 
 
 Violet or Purple 
 
 Orange tawny 
 
 Murrey 
 
 The Sun. 
 
 The Moon. 
 
 Mars. 
 
 Jupiter. 
 
 Saturn. 
 
 Venus. 
 Amethyst Mercury. 
 Jacinth Dragon's Head. 
 Sardonix Dragon's Tail. 
 
 Topaz 
 
 Pearl 
 
 Ruby 
 
 Sapphire 
 
 Diamond 
 
 Emerald 
 
 Or 
 
 Argent 
 
 Gules 
 
 Azure 
 
 Sable 
 
 Vert 
 
 Purpure 
 
 Tenne 
 
 Sanguine 
 
 This table I have drawn up from Legh, but it differs in no 
 essential from the table given by Guillim. 2 ? Feme 
 gives "f ourteene f euerall maners of Blazon;"3and Peacham 
 quotes from Feme. ** Matthew Carter, however, in his 
 Honor Rediviuus, 1655, dismisses even the three-fold 
 method with contempt. "This," he says, "is only a fan- 
 taftick humor of our Nation, and for my part I fhall avoid 
 it as ridiculous, being no where in the world ufed but 
 here ; and not here by any judicious Herald." ' 2 For 
 
 26 Guillim, 1679, p. 9 -, 1724, p. 3. *"> Legh, Fol. i a - 12 b. 2S Feme, 167. 9 Guil- 
 lim, 1679, p. 95 ; 1724, p.m. 30 Feme, 167. 3 1 Peacham, 1634, p. 153 b-c; 
 1661, p. 168-9- * Carter, 8. 
 
1 8 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 our purpose as students of Ben Jonson's plays, we need 
 remember only the terms that occupy the second column, 
 Or, Argent, Gules, and so forth. I have included the 
 other systems, however, because the heraldic equivalence 
 of <?/</ and or and the sun is the basis of Jonson's alle- 
 gory in the arms of the Lady Pecunia, " and because Mr. 
 Fleay, by blazoning with planets, has transformed the 
 arms of Crispinus in The Poetaster from "a bloody toe" 
 to "a toe Mars," and thence to the name of the poet 
 Marston. 34 
 
 Besides the names of the Tinctures, two rules for 
 
 the blazon of Tinctures should be remembered. First, 
 
 P no tincture should be mentioned a second time 
 
 Blazon of . 
 
 by name. If any tincture recurs, in course of 
 Tinctures a b} azoll) j t should be indicated by number. 
 Continued. \^e should not say, "He beareth Argent, 
 on a cross Vert five doves Argent," but rather, in the 
 words of Legh, "Hee beareth Argent on a croffe verte v. 
 doues of the firfte." 35. 
 
 Secondly, an object in its natural tincture should be 
 blazoned as "Proper." "In blazoning things born [e] in 
 their natural colour ... ", says Guillim, "it sufficeth 
 to say, He beareth this . . . Proper, without naming of 
 any colour ; for by Proper is evermore underftood his 
 natural colours ; and for the Sun and Stars, when they be 
 of the colour of the metal Or, which is their natural colour, 
 it sufficeth to say, a Sun, or Star, without adding the word 
 Proper, or Or." * 6 Of this rule, and especially of its final 
 clause, I shall have more to say in Part II, in my notes on 
 the Staple of News, IV, I. 
 
 S. o/A\, IV, I ; Wks, U, 321. ^ "Marston as well as Crispinus is here indi- 
 cated. Mars is red or bloody (compare Mars ochre) and toen is toes : to- 
 gether forming Marston." F. G. Fleay, Shakespeare Manual, 1878, p. 312. 
 See further, my discussion of Poetaster, II, I, Wks, I, 218, in Part n of this 
 monograph. K Legh, Fol. 83 b. * Guillim, 1679, p. 117 ; see also, 1679, p. 
 10, and 1724, p. 8. 
 
The Shield: its Tinctures, &c. 19 
 
 Blazon, the description of arms by words, was not 
 the only method of recording them in Jonson's day. The 
 heralds in Every Man Out of His Humour aided 
 Sogliardo's memory with a tricking &l hiscoat.s? 
 To trick a coat of arms is to make an outline drawing of 
 the arms with pen and ink, indicating the tinctures by 
 written words or abbreviations. Legh, Feme, and Bolton, 
 all indicate their tinctures thus. Other heraldic writers 
 of the time leave then- drawings unlettered, as if for hand 
 illumination. In no instance have -I found, in the illus- 
 trations of this period, the modern method of indicating 
 tinctures by a system of dots and lines. Mr. Planch6, in 
 his Pursuivant of Arms, states that the earliest instance 
 of the application of the modern method in England "is 
 said" to have been the engraving of the death-warrant of 
 Charles I. 3 * If, as seems probable, the modern method 
 of indicating tinctures was unknown to Jonson, then Dr. 
 Winter's interpretation of the word "sanguine," Staple of 
 News, II, II, 41, is ill founded. 39 
 
 The original method of tricking, Legh thus describes : 
 
 "The way to vnderftande 
 "Trickyng. 
 
 "The olde order in Tricking of all manner of Armes is to 
 vfe one letter for one worde. It is neceffarie for heroi- 
 call Artificers. As by enfample. The Queenes maieftie 
 of England beareth quarterly Fraunce and Englande. 
 The firfte, B. Flowers de Leus O. The fecond, G. iii. 
 Lyons paffauntes O. The thyrde as the feconde, the 
 fowerth as the firfte. 
 
 a? E. M. O., HI, I. Wits, I, ioo. s Planch*, 3940. 39 In my own note on this 
 passage, (S.o/W., n, I; Wks. II, 202; Winter's edition, n, n, 41), I 
 shall discuss this matter further. 
 
2O Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 "O. Or. Yelow. 
 
 "A. Argent. whyghte. 
 
 "G. Geules. betweene Red and Tenne. 
 
 "B. Azure. bright Blewe. 
 
 "V. Vert. Greene. 
 
 "P. Purpure. Purple. 
 
 "E. Ermyne. white poudred with Blacke. 
 
 "Es. Ermynes, Blacke poudred white. 
 
 "T. Tenne. Orynge coloure. 
 
 "M. Sangwine.- Murreye. 
 
 "Pr. Proper coloure. Naturall. 
 
 "BB. Blewe. Sad Blewe. " < 
 
 The tricking of the arms of Sogliardo is, I believe, 
 the only instance of tricking mentioned in Jonson's plays, 
 unless we assume that it was a tricking that Crispinus, 
 in The Poetaster, bore about him. 4I This play, how- 
 ever, contains an excellent example of the figurative use 
 of the two terms, to blazon and to trick: 
 
 "They [the actors] forget they are in the statute, the rascals ; 
 they are blazoned there ; there they are tricked, they and 
 their pedigrees ; they need no other heralds, I wiss." ** 
 
 Concerning the composition of tinctures, the heraldic 
 
 rule is this : A coat of arms must be so designed that 
 
 colour shall not rest on colour, nor metal upon 
 
 Composition . , . , .. ,, .. _ * 
 
 metal; for it is "not lawfull, says Legh, 
 
 of Tinctures. _ , . . ,, J , * 
 
 "to beare colour vpon colour. ^ In Cyn- 
 thia s Revels, Jonson bases a jest upon this rule ; * and 
 in The Staple of News, he heightens the satire of one of 
 his allegorical coats by twice violating the requirement : 
 
 She bears, an't please you, argent, three leeks vert, 
 In canton or, tasselled of the first. 4S 
 
 * Legh, last page, (unnumbered). ' Poetaster, H, I; Wks, I, 218. ** Poetaster, 
 I, I ; Wks, I, 212. Legh, Fol. 32 a. ** Cynthia^ Revels, II, I ; Wks, I, 162. 
 
The Shield: its Tinctures, &c. 
 
 21 
 
 From the Tinctures of the escutcheon, we pass now 
 
 to its forms, its points, and its partitions. "What forme," 
 
 asks Bolton, "hath the fhield? ... It hath 
 
 The Forms of ~ ,-, . , , , 
 
 as many as Caruers or Painters pleafe, but 
 the shield. ^g tr i an g u i ar j s become moft vfuall." < 6 
 If, however, the bearer of the arms be a woman, then the 
 coat must appear not on a shield but on a lozenge. 
 
 FIGURE 2. 
 
 ARMS OF ANNE, PRINCESS OF DENMARK, QUEEN OF JAMES I. 
 REPRODUCED FROM THE MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, 1618. 
 
 "At a chapter of the Heralds held at Broiderer's hall 
 in London, in the fowerth year of Q. Eliz. it was agreed 
 as followeth : 
 
 S. o/A'., IV, I; Wks, II, 322. * 6 Bolton, 64-65. 
 
22 
 
 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 " That noe inheritreffe, maid, wife, nor widow, fhall 
 beare or caufe to be borne any creft or cognizances of her 
 aunceftor but as followeth. If fhe be unmarried, to beare, 
 in her ringe, cognizances, or otherwife, the firft coate of 
 her aunceftors in a lozenge ; and during her widowhood 
 to ufe the firft coat of her hufband impaled with the firft 
 coat of her aunceftor, and if fhe be married with any that 
 is no gentleman, then foe to be exempted from this con- 
 clufion.' " 47 
 
 Thus, in a lozenge, I have seen the arms of the Queen 
 of James I, in an emblem-book entitled The Mirrour of 
 
 FIGURED 
 THE NINE POINTS OF THE SHIELD. 
 
 REDRAWN FROM GUILLIM'S DISPLAY OF HERALDRY, 
 1679, p. 29 ; 1724. p, 6. 
 
 Maiestie, 1618 ; and thus, I trust, young Piedmantle, the 
 pursuivant in the Staple of News, marshalled the arms of 
 her Grace, Aurelia Clara Pecunia, the Infanta. * 8 
 
 * 7 MSS. Ashmole: 737, quoted by Dallaway, p. 388. * 8 For further discussion of 
 women's arms borne in a lozenge, see Legh, Fol. 97 b ; Peacham, 1634, p. 
 185, and 1661, p. 222; and Guillim, 1679, p. 306-7, and 1724, p. 438-40. 
 
The Shield: its Tinctures, &c. 
 
 "And nowe," says Legh, " ... I will teach you to 
 knowe your Efcocheon, which containeth in it, nine fun- 
 drie pointes." 49 This promise, by the aid 
 
 r J 
 
 of three diagrams and many words, Legh 
 ultimately fulfills. I, however, shall quote 
 the briefer explanation of Guillim : 
 
 , 
 
 The Points of 
 
 the Shield. 
 
 Dexter Chief 
 Precife Middle Chief 
 Sinifter Chief 
 Honour 
 
 Signifieth Fefs Point."* 
 
 Nombril 
 Dexter Bafe 
 Exact Middle Bafe 
 Sinifter Bafe 
 
 All this is sufficiently clear when stated, but the student 
 should note one thing : that the dexter side of the shield 
 is not the side at the right hand of the beholder, but at 
 the right hand of the bearer. In other words, the upper 
 dexter corner of this page is what we would call the upper 
 left-hand corner. 
 
 "Now will I declare to you, of nine fondry particions. 
 The firft whereof is a partition fro the higheft part of the 
 Efcocheo, to the loweft pointe, as here ap- 
 peareth. Ye fhal fay for the blafo therof, 
 ptie per Pale, arget, & Geules." s 1 This 
 (i) Per Pale, division, party per pale, does not occur in 
 any of the coats blazoned by Jonson ; but he uses the 
 phrase in his description of the costume of personified 
 "Accidence" in Loves Welcome at Welbeck. ^ 
 
 The Nine 
 Partitions: 
 
 Legh, Fol. 24 a. 5 Guillim, 1679, P- 29 i 17*4, P- 6. 5I Legh, Fol. 25 a 
 s^ Wks, III, 215. 
 
24 Heralds & Heraldry, 
 
 "The fecod partition," says Legh, "is on this wife, 
 
 and is not otherwife blazed. Hee beareth quarterly, Or 
 
 and Geules." ^ Here the shield is divided 
 
 (2) Quarterly. by a vertical and a horizontal line into 
 
 four equal parts, of which the first and the fourth are of 
 the tincture first named and the second and third quarters 
 
 i.ia ( A TOu.XSB Tou.aSi fou.itoA 
 
 TOi. i.3S. T.w 17 A Tou.t-JA. T 
 
 FIGURE 4. 
 
 THE NINE PARTITIONS 
 REDRAWN FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576. 
 
 are of the second tincture. In Loves Welcome at Wei- 
 beck, Jonson describes a coat as, "of azure and gules quar- 
 terly changed." 54 
 
 The next six partitions, namely, per fesse, per bend, 
 
 per bend sinister, per chevron, per saltier, and per pile in 
 
 , , point, I have included in the plate (Figure 
 
 4), but shall not here define, since Jonson 
 
 does not use them. The ninth partition, 
 
 however, occurs in his most elaborate blazon. "The 
 
 nynth partition," says Legh, "is parted per Geronne of 
 
 eyght peeces, Argent, & Geules. It is very rare to haue 
 
 53 Legh, Fol. 23 b. s* Wks, III, 215. 
 
The Shield: its Tinctures, &c. 25 
 
 a particion of fo many coloures countered, & yet it is 
 commended of myne aucthors, afore fpoken of." ss This 
 partition, Gyrony, is formed by first quartering the shield 
 as described above, and then adding the diagonals, so that 
 the field is divided into eight triangular pieces meeting at 
 the center. This partition occurs in the arms of Sogli- 
 ardo, in Every Man Out of His Humour, and contributes 
 very materially to the intended effect Fool's Motley. & 
 
 Legh, Fol. 27 b. & E . M . O., in, I ; Wks, I, 100. 
 
 FIGURE 5. 
 
 A LION RAMPANT. 
 
 REPRODUCED FROM LEGH, FOL. 44 A. 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 THE CHARGES, OR BEARINGS. 
 
 ^ffROM THE SHIELD, its tinctures, forms, 
 ^1 m* points, and partitions, we come now to the in- 
 II signa that may be placed upon it. "The 
 ^^ Charge,!' says Guillim, "is that thing whatfo- 
 ever that doth occupy the Field." ' "Thofe things that 
 are born[e]," is the definition of Peacham. 2 When a 
 device is placed upon a shield, the field, or whatever the 
 device rests upon, is said to be "charged" with it. Thus 
 Puntarvolo accounts the shield of Sogliardo to be "a very 
 fair coat, well charged, and full of armory ;" 3 and Jonson, 
 in describing the scene for his Hue and Cry After Cupid, 
 mentions "two pilasters charged with spoils and trophies 
 of Love." 4 
 
 Of these Charges, or Bearings as they are also called, 
 there are three main groups : 
 
 (1) The Honorable Ordinaries. 
 
 (2) The Subordinate Ordinaries, Subordinaries, or, 
 as Legh calls them, the Ordinaries Generall. 
 
 (3) The Common Charges. 
 
 These three classes, I shall consider in the order 
 named. 
 
 The Honorable Ordinaries are nine in number: (i) 
 
 The Cross. (2) The Chief. (3) The Pale. (4) The 
 
 H hi Bend. (5) The Fesse. (6) Scocheon. 
 
 ' (7) The Chevron. (8) The Saltier. (9) 
 
 The Bar. This is the list as given by 
 
 Legh, s by Guillim, 6 by Peacham, ? and by Carter. 8 
 
 1 Guillim, 1679, p. 37 ; 1724^.27. 2 Peacham: The Gentleman's Exercise, 1634, 
 p. 141 ; and The Compleat Gentleman, 1661, p. 434. 3 . M. O., Ill, I ; Wks, 
 1, 100. * Wks, III, 37. s Legh, Fol. 62 a- 68 a. 6 Guillim, 1679, p. 38 ; 1724, 
 p. 28. ? Peacham, G. E., 1634, p. 141 ; C. G., 1661, p. 434. 8 Carter, 17. 
 
Charges. 27 
 
 The last three quote the list from Legh, and give him 
 credit. Modern writers omit the Escutcheon, and some- 
 times also the Bar, and make up the number by adding 
 the Bend Sinister, 9 or the Pile and Quarter. 10 We, 
 however, purpose to follow Legh, and even from his list 
 to consider only the four Honorable Ordinaries mentioned 
 by Jonson, namely, the Cross, the Chief, the Chevron, 
 and the Saltier. 
 
 "Although," says Legh, "the crofle of all other tokes 
 
 be not moft aucienteft, yet moft chriftieneft. Therfore I 
 
 will begin at the fame. Whereas there 
 
 (1) The Cross. ,. o r~j r r /- rr j 
 
 are diuers & fodry fortes of Crones, and 
 borne on fondry waies : ... I will begeen with the 
 CrofTe comoli called S. Georges croffe, which is thus blafed. 
 . . . The field Argent: a playne croffe Geules. The 
 fielde fignifieth purenes of life. The croffe fignifi eth the 
 bludd that Chrift fhed for vs hys people of Englad. . . . " Jt 
 This, the simplest form of the cross, consists merely of 
 two broad stripes, horizontal and vertical, intersecting at 
 the center of the shield and extending to its perimeter. 
 Spenser has aptly characterized it as "... a bloody 
 Crosse that quartered all the field." l2 Of the width of 
 the cross, Legh says : "The content therof is the fifte 
 part of the fielde, except it be charged, then it mufte 
 conteine the thirde parte." ^ Jonson mentions the St. 
 George's cross in his Prince Henry's Barriers. l 
 
 The Chief, according to Legh, "is the feconde of the 
 
 honorable ordinaries, and before the paffion of Chrifte, it 
 
 was the firfte." ^ As a charge, it is a 
 
 (2) The Chiet , , , . J, -. -A 
 
 broad horizontal stripe occupying the upper 
 third of the field. It occurs in the arms of Sogliardo, l6 
 and the phrase "in chief" occurs in the arms of Crispinus. 1 ? 
 
 ' Boutell & Aveling, 20. 10 Planch^, 45. Legh, 27 b. 12 Faerie Queen, II, 
 I, xviii. Legh, Fol.62a. ' Wks, III, 67. Legh, Fol. 62 a. ' E. 
 M. O., Ill, I ; Wks, I, 100. " Poetaster, II, I ; Wks, I, 2iS. 
 
28 
 
 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 "In chief," however, has reference to the position of the 
 charge, as occupying the "chief point" of the shield, not 
 to its being borne on a chief. 
 
 The Chevron consists of two broad stripes issuing 
 
 from the sides of the shield near the bottom, i. e. from 
 
 the dexter and sinister bases, and meet- 
 
 (7) The Chevron. ... . , , , 7 ,, , 
 
 mg like an mvertep letter "V at the 
 center of the shield. In width, unless it be charged, it 
 occupies one-fifth of the field. l8 Jonson uses the word 
 incidentally in his v Masque of Blackness, '9 and in his 
 Masque of Hymen ; 20 but in its strictly heraldic sense, 
 he uses it only in the arms of Sogliardo. 2I 
 
 A ACOCHEOf* 'f\ CHtvrtOK A 
 Tou.t6.fl TOJ. 66 A -FOV..-J7.Q 
 
 FIGURE 6. 
 
 THE NINE HONORABLE ORDINARIES. 
 REDRAWN FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576. 
 
 The Saltier, or Saltire, sometimes called the St. 
 Andrew's Cross, differs from the St. George's Cross only 
 
 in that it lies upon the field diagonally, 
 (8) The Saltier. ... . ,^ v T> U - u ui 
 
 like the letter "X . This honorable 
 ordinary, according to Legh, "muft coteine the fifth parte 
 
 Legh. Fol. 66 a. J 9 Wks, III, 4. 20 Wks, III, 29. 2I E. M. O., Ill, I; Wks, 
 1, 100. 
 
Charges. 29 
 
 of the field except it bee charged with anye thinge, then 
 fhall it conteine the thirde parte of the Scocheon." " 
 Legh and Guillim do not identify the Saltier with the St. 
 Andrew's Cross. Carter, however, paraphrases Guillim's 
 description of the Saltier ** and then adds, "in the nature 
 of that which we ufually call a St. Andrews Croffe." 2 
 Jonson nowhere mentions the Saltier ; but as he speaks 
 of the St. Andrew's Cross, in the Masque of the Meta- 
 morphosed Gipsies, a * I have thought better to include it. 
 The Sudordinaries, or "Ordinaries Generall," accord- 
 ing to Legh, are (i) the Geronne, or Gyron, (2) the Orle, 
 , .. . (3) the Pyle, (4) the Quarter, (5) the 
 
 The Nine Ordinaries )r' * ' ^*' * ~ 
 
 Quarter Sinister, (6) the Canton, (7) 
 the Canton Sinister, (8) Flasques, and 
 (9) Voyders. 26 Of these, Jonson mentions only one, the 
 Canton, a rectangular figure occupying the upper left- 
 hand corner of the shield, i. e. the dexter chief, and filling 
 usually about one third of the chief. 2 ? This charge ap- 
 pears in the Welsh coat of the Lady Pecunia. 2S The 
 name of one other Subordinary, the Pyle, occurs in the 
 opening scene of Bartholomew Fair, 2 9 but in a sense far 
 from heraldic. The phrase is "cross and pile," "heads 
 and tails" as we would say. But although one side of the 
 coin bore a "cross" the other side did not bear a "pile." 
 The term is derived, rather, from the small iron pile, or 
 pillar, on which the reverse of the coin was laid to be 
 stamped. 
 
 22 Legh, Fol. 67 a. Guillim, 1679, p. 63; 1724, p. 58-60. 2 < Carter 38. Wks, 
 III, 141. 2* Legh, Fol. 68 a - 70 b. 27 "A Canton is an Ordinary framed 
 of two streight Lines, the One drawn perpendicularly from the Chief, and 
 the other transverse from the Side of the Escutcheon, and meeting there- 
 with in a Right Angle, near to the Corner of the Escutcheon." Guillim, 
 1724, p. 45; corrected from 1679, p. 51. 28 S. of j\~., IV, I ; Wks, 11,322 
 -9 Bartholomew fair, I, I ; Wks, II, 153. 
 
30 Heralds & Heraldry 
 
 Leaving now the Honorable Ordinaries and the Ordi- 
 naries Generall, we come to the Common Charges. This 
 
 group, to quote the words of Legh, 
 The Common Charges, !' V .?., r ... 
 
 includes "all maner of thmges quick 
 Alphabetically Qr dead 30 j onson> however, con- 
 
 Arranged. tents himself with the following 
 
 fifteen : the Annulet, the Bezant, the Boar, the Boar's 
 Head, the Dragon, the Eagle, the Fleur-de-lis, the Grey- 
 hound, the Label, the Leek, the Lion, the Plate, the Rose, 
 the Star, the Sun. These fifteen, for convenience, I 
 shall consider in alphabetical order. 
 
 The Annulet, according to Legh, "is a rynge, fuche 
 as men weare on their fingers." ^ Elsewhere, he says 
 that annulets "are fuppofed to bee the ringes of mayle, 
 whiche was an armour of defence longe before hardnes of 
 fteele." * 2 A single annulet standing "on the middell of 
 the chief e," 33 was the "difference of a fifth brother ;" 34 
 but the two annulets in Sogliardo's coat ^ can have no 
 such meaning. Jonson's intent appears in the remark of 
 Carlo : 
 
 Car. How's that ? on. a chief argent ? 
 Sag. [reads.] "On a chief argent, a 
 boar's head proper, between two ann'lets 
 sable." 
 
 Car. 'Slud, it's a hog's cheek and pud- 
 dings in a pewter field, this ! 3S 
 
 The Bezant is one of a group of round devices known 
 collectively as the Rundels, or Roundels. The roundels, 
 in the words of Legh, "as they differ in colour, fo haue 
 they fondy names." * 6 The roundel or is called a bezant, 
 the roundel argent, a plate ; and so on. 37 Jonson men- 
 tions bezants in one of the coats of the Lady Pecunia, & 
 
 3 Legh, Fol. 83 b. 3i Legh, Fol. 109 a. ,05 a. " IIO b. 34 See under Differ- 
 ences, beyond. 35 , M.O., III, I; Wks, I, 100. 36 Legh, Fol. 86 b. 37 g 7 
 a-88b. 38 s. of IV., IV, I; Wks, II, 322. 
 
Charges, 31 
 
 where the charge is especially appropriate because, accord- 
 ing to Legh, a bezant is a "lumpe of gold." 39 
 
 The Boar, of course, is merely the wild beast of that 
 name, regularly blazoned passant, i. e. walking. * Jonson, 
 with satiric intent, gives Sogliardo as a crest "a boar with- 
 out a head, rampant," 4I 
 
 The Boar's Head, likewise, requires no explanation. 
 It is a charge in good repute in heraldry, and in no wise 
 invited Carlo's satirical interpretation quoted above. < 2 
 
 The Dragon is a fabulous monster represented in 
 heraldry "with wings endorsed," i. e. back to back, "four 
 legs, and a serpent-like tail." 43 All the Tudor sovereigns 
 bore a dragon gules as one of their supporters ; ** and this 
 may be Jonson 's allusion in A Tale of a Tub. 
 
 The Eagle of heraldry is a somewhat conventional- 
 ized king of birds, drawn usually with wings displayed. 
 The double-headed eagle is not infrequent. Sixteenth 
 century writers seem to have believed that the Roman 
 Eagles were in the nature of heraldic bearings, and they 
 ascribe to Julius Caesar the coat : "Or, an Eagle displayed 
 with ii heddes Sable." 4<5 Jonson, in The Poetaster, 
 makes a similar assumption : "Does not Caesar give the 
 Eagle ?" 47 Here the reference is to Augustus Caesar ; 
 but the lack of historical perspective is as marked in Jon- 
 son as in Legh. 
 
 The Fleur-de-lis of heraldry is even more covention- 
 alized than the eagle. I shall not venture to describe this 
 lily, but shall rather rely upon a shield redrawn from 
 Legh. (Figure 9.) "There can be little doubt that 
 the kings of France, from Clovis downwards, bore a field 
 covered with golden lilies, and that Charles VI reduced 
 the number to three. . . . Edward III quartered the 
 
 39 Legh, Fol. 87 a. * See Figure n and Figure 14. J E. M. O., Ill, I; Wks, I, 
 100. <2 Same passage. ** Boutell & Aveling, 139. * Ibid, 318. See my 
 note on A Tale of a Tub, I, HI, in Part II of this monograph. Tale of 
 a Tub, I, m ; Wks, H, 445. * Legh, Fol. 23, a. u Poetaster, V, I ; Wks, 
 I, 2 53- 
 
32 Heralds & Heraldry 
 
 French shield, semie de Us, on his great seal and in his 
 arms. The Fleurs-de-lis were removed from the English 
 shield in 1801." < 8 Elizabeth, James, and Charles, all 
 bore the French lilies in their arms ; but this, I take it, 
 is not the reason why Jonson, especially in his masques 
 and entertainments, mentions them so often. His lilies 
 appear rather out of compliment t,o Henrietta Maria, 
 sister to Louis XIII, and queen of Charles I. w 
 
 FIG. 7. FIG. 8. FIG. 9. 
 
 LABEL, ROSE. AND FLEUR-DE-LIS. 
 REDRAWN FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576. 
 
 The Greyhound of heraldry is regularly depicted as 
 passant. All the Tudor sovereigns except Edward VI, 
 seem to have used the greyhound as one of the supporters 
 of the royal arms, a greyhound argent with a lion or, or a 
 dragon gules. s This may be Jonson's reference in A 
 Tale of a Tub. s* 
 
 The Label consists of a very narrow horizontal 
 stripe, usually borne in chief, from which hang three or 
 more pendants or ribands. (See Figure 7). When used 
 as a difference, or, to be more exact, as a mark of cadency, 
 it indicates the eldest son. s Such, however, is not its 
 use in Jonson. Legh objects to the name "labell", 
 preferring to say, "Hee beareth Argent, a fyle with iij. 
 Lambeaux Azure ;" and he asks, "whether it be better 
 faide, a fyle with iii togues, or a togue of three pointes." 
 
 8 B. & A, 149. 9 Wks, III, 198, 203, 221. 5 B. & A. 318 ; see my note on A 
 Tale of a Tub, I, III, in Part II of this monograph. ^ Tele of a Tub, I, 
 m ; Wks, II, 445. " Legh, Fo). 107 a. 
 
Charges. 33 
 
 He quotes one authority, Alciatus, however, who "writeth 
 that they are playtes or ployts of garments." 53 This 
 may explain the meaning of the word "labels" as twice 
 used by Jonson to describe some portion of the costume 
 worn in the Masque of Hymen; M but if Jonson anywhere 
 uses the word in its heraldic sense, it can only be in the 
 passage, "A pair of twelve-penny broad ribands laid out 
 like labels." ss 
 
 The Leek is a culinary herb allied to the onion ; but 
 whether it be borne in heraldry save by the Lady Pecunia, 
 I know not. Jonson blazons it as "vert, . . . tasselled 
 argent ;" & but although my authorities display pictures 
 of heraldic turnips and other vegetables, 57 I am unable 
 to hand you an heraldic leek. Tradition, however, 
 asserts that the Leek was adopted as the national badge 
 of the Welsh by direction of St. David, in honor of a 
 victory won by King Arthur over the Saxons, s 8 There 
 can be no doubt that the leek was the subject of many 
 an Elizabethan jest upon the Welshmen. 
 
 The Lion of heraldry, a somewhat conventionalized 
 lion, appears in various named positions. A lion rampant, 
 is a lion erect on his hind legs, with tail and fore paws 
 elevated, facing the dexter chief point. (Figure 5, page 
 25). Scott's Marmion recalls to us 
 
 . . . the dazzling field 
 Where, in proud Scotland's royal shield, 
 The ruddy lion ramp'd in gold. 59 
 
 A lion passant is a lion walking toward the dexter side, 
 with three paws on the ground, the right fore-paw raised, 
 and the head in profile. Spenser tells of a 
 
 Same reference. s< Wks, III, 29. " S. of N., I, II ; Wks, II, 288. & S. of N., 
 IV, I; Wks, II, 322. S7 Guillirn, 1679, p. 113, 103-6; 1724, p. 140, 122-26. 
 s 8 Century Dictionary. 59 Marmion, IV, xxviii. 
 
34 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 . . . goodly shield, . 
 That bore a Lion passant in a golden field. 6o 
 
 The positions "rampant gardant" and "passant gardant" 
 differ from rampant and passant respectively, in that the 
 face of the lion is turned to the spectator. Similarly, 
 "rampant regardant" and "passant regardant" depict the 
 lion as looking back over his shoulder. Mr. Planche 
 makes gardant and regardant synonymous, full-faced ; 6l 
 Legh. however, whose illustrations and text on this point 
 I reproduce farther on in Figure 16, insists on the 
 distinction. 6z Jonson makes no use of lions in his 
 heraldic passages ; but he uses the terms rampant, passant, 
 gardant, regardant, in Cynthia's Revels, 6 3 in Bartholomew 
 Fair, 6 -* in blazoning the headless crest of Sogliardo, 6s 
 and elsewhere. 
 
 The Plate is, like the Bezant, a Roundel ; in this 
 case, a roundel argent. ^ Jonson mentions plates, perhaps 
 with an intent to pun, in the arms of Sogliardo. 6 " 
 
 The Rose of heraldry appears in various conven- 
 tional forms, most frequently as a cinquefoil. I present 
 a redrawing of the illustration from Legh. ^ (Figure 8, 
 above). Jonson's most frequent reference is to the 
 "blended rose," which was one of the badges of the 
 Tudor sovereigns. ^ 
 
 The Roundels, so far as they appear in Jonson, I 
 have discussed above, under the heads of Plates and 
 Bezants. 
 
 The Star in heraldry has regularly six wavy points 
 or rays. So Legh depicts it. ? Our five-pointed star is 
 called in heraldry a Mullet. In his Masque of Hymen, 
 
 60 Faerie Queen, III, I, iv. 6I Planche, 201-2. 62 Legh, Fol. 48 a. 63 Cynthia's 
 Kfvels, III, III: Wks, I, 170. 6 ~ Bartholomew Fair, Induction; Wks, II, 
 146. E. M. O., Ill, I; Wks, I, 100. > Legh, Fol. 87 a. E. M. O., 
 Ill, I; Wks, I, 100. 6S Legh, Fol. 99 b. &9 Wks, III, 69, 221; See under 
 "Badges." ? Legh. Fol. 59 a. 
 
Charges. 35 
 
 Jonson describes Reason's garments as "blue . . . 
 semined with stars." ?' "Semined," in this passage is 
 equivalent to the more technical "semee," meaning sown, 
 powdered. 
 
 The Sun appears in heraldry as a human face 
 surrounded with rays. Jonson blazons it as "proper, 
 beamy twelve of the second," 72 that is, gold with twelve 
 gold rays. Concerning the improper use of "proper" in 
 this blazon, see my note on this passage in Part II. 
 With this note, I place, as Figure 22, a picture of an 
 heraldic Sun, reproduced from Legh. " 
 
 This concludes our list of Common Charges named 
 
 by Jonson ; but before we close our discussion of charges, 
 
 we must notice one further technical term occasionally 
 
 used by Jonson, the word "Difference." Broadly 
 
 considered, a Difference is some modification 
 
 Differences. , . ,. ., . , ., r ,. .. 
 
 of the family coat for the purpose of distin- 
 guishing the several sons or younger branches, or some 
 feudal ally, from the head of the family. If the difference 
 denote a blood relationship, it is called, preferably, a 
 "mark of cadency." ?< Legh, however, calls these marks 
 the "nyne differences for brethren," and names, like 
 modern authorities, the f ollowing list : ( I ) the label, 
 (2) the crescent, (3) the mullet, (4) the martelet, (5) 
 the annulet, (6) the fleur-de-lis, (7) the rose, (8) the 
 cross moline, and (9) the double quatrefoil. ** These 
 marks, during the life-time of a father, distinguish the 
 arms of his sons in the order named. This, however, is 
 not the sole heraldic function of these particular charges, 
 and is in no case the purpose for which Jonson uses them. 
 When Jonson speaks of "Differences," moreover, he uses 
 the term not as a synonym for "Marks of Cadency," but 
 in the broader sense of any distinguishing mark. Thus 
 
 ?' Wks, III, 22. n s. of A:, IV, I ; Wks, II, 321. Legh, FoL 58 b. ?* B. & A., 
 234. ~> Legh, Fol. 107 a -nob; B. & A., 255. 
 
36 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Shakspere uses it in Much Ado About Nothing, "Let 
 him bear it for a difference between himself and his 
 horse," ? 6 and again in Hamlet, "O, you must wear your 
 rue with a difference." 77 Similarly, in this very general 
 sense, Jonson uses the word "difference" in the Masque 
 of Blackness, ? 8 and in Love's Welcome at Bolsover. 
 
 > Much Ado, I, I. ">" Hamki, IV, II. 78 Wks, ill, 4. ?9 Wks, in, 221. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 THE MARSHALLING OF ARMS. 
 
 MARSHALLING OF ARMS is the cor- 
 rect combination of two or more coats as a single 
 Achievement, to indicate the several lines of 
 descent that unite in the person of the bearer. 
 In the words of Guillim, "Marf hailing, as it concerns 
 Coat-Armours, ... is an orderly difpofing of fundry 
 Coat-Armours pertaining to diftinct Families, and of their 
 contingent Ornaments, with their Parts and Appurte- 
 nances in their proper places." x 
 
 From these definitions, the importance of Marshal- 
 ling, in any discussion of the heraldry of Jonson's day, 
 must be evident. To commemorate family alliances was, 
 and is, one of the chief functions of armorial insignia. 
 These alliances were indicated by the marshalling of arms. 
 To ignore Marshalling, therefore, would be not merely to 
 miss one of the chief uses of the "Hand-maid of History," 
 but utterly to miscalculate the importance of the entire 
 subject of Heraldry. Notwithstanding the fact that no 
 instance of marshalled coats occurs in Jonson, we are 
 bound to consider Marshalling in this study, if only for 
 the sake of breadth of view. 
 
 Because of the importance of this subject, I am the 
 more sorry that the available information is so inadequate. 
 I know what modern writers say of Marshalling ; I know 
 what Legh and Guillim and their contemporaries wrote. 
 I have the rules that I shall presently quote to you from 
 Robert Glover, who was Somerset herald from 1571 to 
 
 1 Guillim, 1724, p. 417. 
 
38 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 1588 ; and I have applied these rules, from generation to 
 generation, to the coats and pedigrees recorded in various 
 heraldic Visitations of the time. I think that I under- 
 stand the usual application of these rules. But every 
 now and then I come upon an exception a case in which 
 a coat that I was expecting in the sixth quarter turns up 
 in the fifth and then I wonder whether I really know 
 anything about the subject. 
 
 In Marshalling, the two rules of most frequent ap- 
 plication are as follows : 
 
 (1) On marriage with a woman not an heiress, a 
 man may bear her arms on his shield beside his own, his 
 on the dexter, hers on the sinister side. This is called 
 "party per pale, Baron and Femme." The arrangement, 
 however, continues only for their lifetime ; their heirs in- 
 herit but the paternal coat. 
 
 (2) If, however, the wife should be an heiress, that 
 is, if her father were without an heir male to perpetuate 
 the name, then if she should have male issue, her husband 
 would no longer impale her arms, but would bear them 
 on the center of his own shield on an "escutcheon of 
 pretense ;" and their heirs, inheriting both his coat and 
 hers, would marshall the coats anew, placing the father's 
 coat in the first and fourth quarters, i. e. in the upper 
 dexter and lower sinister quarters, and the mother's coat 
 in the second and third. 
 
 These are, in substance, the rules of marshalling laid 
 down by Legh ; a but for the sake of clearness, I shall re- 
 state them in the words of Robert Glover, who was Som- 
 erset herald from 1571 to 1588 3 ; 
 
 "If any man marrye an inheritor or coheir apparent 
 to her father, the fame may bear his wife's father's arms 
 
 2 Legh, Fol. 25 a, b. 3 MS. Glover, Coll. Arm.,L. xv. p. 36, quoted by Dallaway, 
 370. 
 
Marshalling. 39 
 
 paley joined to his owne without difference, and if the 
 wife's father dye without iffue male lawfully begotten, 
 then it fhall be lawful for the partye marrying the heire 
 generall or coheir, havinge ifTue of her bodye, to place her 
 armes within an inefcocheon, within the middle of his 
 whole armes, . . . and the heire of theyr two bodyes 
 fhall quarter the fame inefcocheon with his father's armes, 
 and not otherweys, and fo to the heires of his bodye for 
 ever. 
 
 "If a man bearing armes marrye an inheritrix whofe 
 progenitors have, before that time, married with other in- 
 heritrixes by whom both landes and armes have defcend- 
 ed, the father of his wife having no fon legitimate, the 
 fame man fo marrying may and fhall lawfully bear her 
 father's and mother's armes in fo large and ample manner 
 as any of them before that time did bear, or any of her 
 progenitors. ... "s 
 
 A few concrete examples should make the practical 
 workings of these rules more evident ; and for these 
 examples I have resorted to "The Visitation of Yorkshire 
 made in the years 1584/5 by Robert Glover, Somerset 
 herald; to which is added the subsequent Visitation made 
 in 1612 by Richard St. George, Norroy king of arms. 
 . . . Edited by Joseph Foster. . . . 1875." 
 
 According to this record, * Clapham of Beamsley 
 bore: ist quarter, Clapham; 2d quarter, Thornton ; 3d 
 quarter, Sutton ; 4th quarter, Otterburne ; 5th quarter, 
 Maleverer ; 6th quarter, Moore. Let us examine the 
 genealogy of the family, and see whether it will account 
 for these six quarters and their arrangement. If so, we 
 shall have an excellent illustration of the Marshalling of 
 Arms. 
 
 According to Glover's record aforesaid, William 
 Clapham married Armiger, daughter and co-heir of Sir 
 
 * Glover, 12. 
 
4O Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 George Thornton, knt. 5 Edw. I. The said William 
 Clapham, according to the laws of marshalling, would 
 bear the arms of Thornton over his own upon an 
 escutcheon of pretense ; and his son, John Clapham 
 would bear as his arms, ist and 4th quarters, Clapham, 
 2d and 3d quarters Thornton. 
 
 This John Clapham, like his father, had the good 
 fortune to marry an heiress, Josyan, daughter and co-heir 
 of Sir Alexander Sutton, knt. i Edw. II. John, there- 
 fore, would regularly bear the quartered arms of Clapham 
 and Thornton with the addition of Sutton in pretense ; 
 and his son William Clapham, according to the laws of 
 marshalling, would bear : ist and 4th quarters, Clapham ; 
 2d quarter, Thornton ; 3d quarter, Sutton. 
 
 This son, William Clapham, married Cicely, daughter 
 and co-heir of Sir Raphe Otterburne, knt. 2 Edw. III. 
 He, then, would have borne the arms of Otterburne in 
 pretense over the quartered coat of Clapham, Thornton, 
 and Sutton. His son William Clapham would insert the 
 maternal arms in the fourth quarter, and would transmit 
 to his descendants: ist quarter, Clapham ; 2d quarter, 
 Thornton ; 3d quarter, Sutton ; 4th quarter, Otterburne. 
 
 Now Thomas Clapham, grandson of the William last 
 named, married Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of 
 William Moore. This marriage brought in not one coat, 
 but two ; for Elizabeth's father had married Thomasin, 
 daughter and co-heir of Peter Maleverer of Beamsley, so 
 that Elizabeth would rightfully inherit the arms of both 
 Moore and Maleverer. If Elizabeth gave precedence to 
 her father's coat, her o\vn arms \vould be : ist and 4th 
 quarters, Moore ; 2d and 3d quarters, Maleverer. Her 
 husband, Thomas Clapham, would bear this quartered 
 shield in pretense over the quartered arms of Clapham ? 
 Thornton, Sutton, and Otterburne ; and the descendents 
 
Marshalling. 41 
 
 of Thomas and Elizabeth would bear: (i) Clapham ; 
 (2) Thornton; (3) Sutton ; (4) Otterburne; (5) Moore; 
 (6) Maleverer. 
 
 For nine generations, down to the Visitation of 1612, 
 the house of Clapham had quartered these six coats. If 
 we have correctly applied the laws of marshalling, then 
 we should expect the grouping last described to be 
 identical with that recorded in the heraldic visitation. 
 On comparison, we find that the arrangement we have 
 built up differs from the recorded grouping in one 
 particular: the positions of the arms of Moore and 
 Maleverer are interchanged. The arms recorded in the 
 Visitation have Maleverer in the 5th quarter and Moore 
 in the 6th. Why this is so I do not pretend to say ; but 
 similar cases are not infrequent. Perhaps Maleverer was 
 accounted the more important coat. Aside from this 
 one point, however, the arms and pedigree of Clapham 
 of Beamsley provide an excellent illustration of the usual 
 laws of marshalling. 
 
 Occasionally, when marriage with an heiress brought 
 in a coat already quartered, this quartered coat was kept 
 intact, not separated as in the Clapham arms. An 
 instance of this kind, occurs in the arms of Dransfield of 
 Stubbs Walden. * John Fitz-Randolph married Eliza- 
 beth, daughter and co-heir of Thomas, Lord Scrope. 
 Their son, Ranulph Fitz-Randolph, would regularly bear, 
 ist and 4th quarters, Fitz-Randolph ; 2d and 3d quarters, 
 Scrope. So would Ranulph's daughter and co-heiress, 
 Alice. She married Charles Dransfield, who presumably 
 bore her quartered shield in pretense. The children of 
 this marriage of course quartered the arms of Dransfield, 
 Fitz-Randolph, and Scrope. According to the Clapham 
 example, we would expect these coats to be marshalled, 
 
 Glover, 37. 
 
42 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 ist and 4th quarters, Dransfield ; 2d quarter, Fitz- 
 Randolph ; 3d quarter, Scrope. Instead, we find that the 
 Fitz-Randclph-Scrope arms were kept together ; and 
 when the descendants of Charles and Alice submitted 
 their family arms to the visiting herald, it was : ist and 
 4th quarters, Dransfield ; 2d and 3d quarters, quarterly, 
 (i) & (4) Fitz-Randolph, (2) & (3) Sqrope. I have noted 
 this instance, by no means unique, because it conforms 
 to the rules of marshalling laid down by a certain modern 
 authority. 6 But "in Glover's Visitation, and in such 
 other visitations of the time as I have examined, the 
 quarters are rarely quartered, and a quartered coat when 
 joined to another is disintegrated and loses its identity. 
 I think that we may safely take the marshalling of the 
 Clapham coat as typical. ? 
 
 As a third illustration from Glover, I will quote from 
 the arms and pedigrees of two allied families, Borough of 
 Borough, 8 and Lawson of Brough 9 : 
 
 fc B. & A.. 225 et sec,. 7 In arriving at this conclusion, I have been at some 
 pains to work out, from generation to generation, a large number of pedi- 
 grees and marshalled coats recorded in Glover's Visitation of Yorkshire. 
 8 Glover, 3. ? Ibid, 254. 
 
Marshalling. 43 
 
 BOROUGH OF BOROUGH. 
 
 Arms: ist and 4th, Argent, on a saltire sable, 
 five swans of the field ; ad and $d, [Argent], a fesse 
 engrayled between six fleurs-de-lis [sable], 
 
 Elias de Richmond = 
 
 Richard Richmond _ Elizabeth, dau. and sole heir 
 
 I 
 / ' to Wru. Burgh. 
 
 John, called himself Burgh a 1412 = 
 
 William Burgh, a 1442 = 
 
 r ' 
 
 William Borough of Borough = 
 George Borough _ 
 
 Anthony Borough = 
 
 Roger Borough = 
 
 Elizabeth, mar. to Sir Raphe Lawson. 
 
44 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 LAWSON OF BROUGH. 
 
 Arms ; Quarterly, i and 4. Argent, a chevron be- 
 tween three martlets sable, Lawson. 2. Barry of 6 ar- 
 gent and azure, in chief 3 annulets sable, Ctamlington. 
 3. Argent, 3 boars passant sable, Swynnow. On an in- 
 escocheon, Quarterly, i and 4. Argent, on a saltier 
 sable, 5 swans of the field, Burgh. 2 and 3. Argent, a 
 fesse engrailed between 6 fleurs-de-lis sa., Richmond. 
 
 Crest: On a torce, argent and sable, two arms 
 couped at the elbow proper, vested, holding a ring or, 
 set with a diamond argent, within the ring a sun of the 3d. 
 
 Another Shield: Quarterly, ist and 6th, Lawson. 
 2d, Cramlington ; 3d, Swynow ; 4th, Burgh ; 5th, Rich- 
 mond. 
 
 William Lawson of Cramlington = 
 
 i 
 James Lawson _ 
 
 Edmond Lawson Margery, sole dau. to Ralph Swyn- 
 now, sister and heir to John. 
 
 Sir Ralph Lawson, _ Elizabeth, dau. and 
 of Burgh, in Richmondshire, sole heir of Roger 
 
 now living, 1585, and 1612. 
 
 ( Died 1623. ) 
 
 Burgh. See pedigree 
 of Borough of Bor- 
 
 ough, above. 
 Roger Lawson, 
 eldest son, aet. 14 
 
 anno 1585. 
 
 Of Heton, co. Northumberland. 
 1612. 
 
Marshalling. 
 
 45 
 
 Here, recorded by heralds of Ben Jonson's day, we 
 have, with these two pedigrees, the blazon of three coats 
 of arms that illustrate excellently the laws of marshalling. 
 The first shield (See Figure 10) shows how the descend- 
 ants of Richard Richmond and Elizabeth Burgh quartered 
 the arms of Burgh and Richmond, giving precedence to 
 the coat of Burgh and adopting Burgh as the family 
 name. The second shield (Figure n) shows the 
 quartered arms which Sir Ralph Lawson inherited from 
 his ancestors, and, over these, in pretense, the Burgh- 
 Richmond arms which he acquired by marriage with 
 Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir to Roger Burgh. The 
 third shield (Figure 12) shows the manner in which their 
 eldest son. Roger Lawson, marshalled, quarterly of six, 
 the five coats of Lawson and Bursrh. 
 
 FIG. 10. FIG. ii. FIG. 12. 
 
 GROUP TO ILLUSTRATE THE LAWS OF MARSHALLING. 
 DRAWN FROM BLAZONS IN GLOVER'S VISITATION OF YORKSHIRE. 
 
 As a final illustration of the laws of marshalling, I 
 shall now construct, from the inadequate and ambiguous 
 evidence supplied by Jonson, a pedigree and a corres- 
 ponding marshalled coat for her Grace, Aurelia Clara 
 Pecunia, the Infanta. The evidence from which we must 
 reconstruct her pedigree is to be found in The Staple of 
 News in the three following passages : 
 
46 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 (1) Act I, scene II ; Works, II, 288. Winter's 
 edition, Act I, scene VI, lines 39-46. 
 
 (2) Act II, scene I; Works, II, 292. Winter's 
 edition Act II, scene II, lines 11-14. 
 
 (3) Act IV, scene I ; Works, II, 321. Winter's 
 edition, Act III J, scene IV, lines 5-30. 
 
 On one of the several possible, interpretations of 
 these passages, I base the following pedigree : 
 
 - THE PEDIGREE 
 
 ( according to one possible interpretation ) 
 
 OF HER GRACE, AURELIA CLARA PECUNIA, 
 
 THE INFANTA. 
 
 "And by the father's 
 side. I come from 
 
 SOL." 
 Act IV, sc. I. 
 
 ? = "DUCHESS OF MINES 
 was my great 
 grand-mother." 
 IV, I. 
 
 "My grandfather 
 was the 
 DUKE OF OR." _ "andmatch- 
 
 "But by her 
 grandmother 
 ' ' From all the she is 
 
 IV, I. | ed in the 
 
 SPANISH -DUCHESS 
 
 "Her grace's 
 grandfather 
 was duke, and 
 
 blood -royal 
 of OPHIR." 
 IV, I. 
 
 MINES 
 in the West 
 Indies, for 
 
 OF MINES." 
 II, I. 
 
 cousin to the 
 
 
 she comes 
 
 
 king of Ophvr." 
 I, II.' 
 
 
 that way by 
 her mother." 
 
 
 
 
 II, I. 
 
 
 Her FATHER, 
 not named. 
 
 Her MOTHER, 
 described only 
 as above. 
 
 Her Grace, 
 
 AURELIA CLARA PECUNIA, 
 The Infanta. 
 
 On a basis of this more or less probable pedigree, 
 let us now trace the evolution of Pecunia's family coat. 
 On her father's side, we know that her grandfather, the 
 
Marshalling. 47 
 
 Duke of Or, bore "Azure, a sun proper beamy twelve of 
 the second." From the charge, we may infer either that 
 the Duke of Or was identical with the "Sol" mentioned 
 in the previous line of the text, or else that the Duke of 
 Or was a descendant of Sol. In the pedigree, I have 
 followed the latter interpretation. In either case, the 
 Duke of Or bore "Azure, a sun, etc." as aforesaid. He 
 bore also, says Lady Pecunia, a coat containing bezants. 
 Where did he get it ? Possibly he inherited it ; but we 
 have no mention of earlier family alliances. Why not 
 assume that he bore it in pretense, by virtue of his 
 match "in the blood-royal of Ophir" ? Bezants are lumps 
 of gold, the value whereof, says Legh, is 3750 pounds 
 sterling, and they took their name in heraldry from the 
 one hundred and twenty besants of gold which King 
 Hiram, in exchange for twenty cities, gave to Solomon. 10 
 Surely, then, bezants are a charge appropriate for the 
 royal line of Ophir. If we accept this hypothesis, then 
 Pecunia's father would bear, before his marriage, Quar- 
 terly, ist and 4th quarters, Azure, a sun proper beamy 
 twelve of the second. 2d and 3d quarters, a coat 
 containing bezants. So, then, we have the paternal arms 
 settled. 
 
 On the maternal side, four lines are named, each, 
 presumably, possessed of a coat of arms. These lines 
 are: the Spanish mines of Potosi in the West Indies, 
 the mines of Hungary, the mines of Barbary, and the 
 Welsh mine. From the passage from Act II, scene I, 
 quoted in the pedigree above, we may assign the arms of 
 the Spanish mines to Pecunia's maternal grandfather ; 
 and the coats of the other three to her maternal grand- 
 mother and great grandmother. By Pecunia's mother, 
 these four coats would be marshalled in a lozenge, in 
 whatever order gave precedence to the most important 
 
 10 Legh, Fol. 87 a. 
 
48 
 
 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 coat. Since this reconstruction is, except for the prin- 
 ciples illustrated, a matter of guess-work, let us freely 
 assume that Pecunia's mother marshalled her arms as 
 follows: ist quarter, the Spanish mines ; 2d quarter, the 
 mines of Hungary ; 3d quarter, the mines of Barbary ; 
 4th quarter, the Welsh mine. Of these four coats, we 
 know the blazon only of the last : ''Argent, three leeks 
 vert, in canton or, tasselled of the first." 
 
 We have now built up, according to the rules of 
 marshalling of Jbnson's day, a hypothetical coat for 
 Pecunia's father and another for Pecunia's mother. After 
 their marriage, the father would bear his wife's arms in 
 pretense over his own. Their heir, the Lady Pecunia, 
 would marshal! their combined coats in a lozenge in the 
 following order : 
 
 FIGURE 13. 
 
 Her Grace, Aurelia Clara Pecunia, the Infanta, 
 
 beareth on a Lozenge, Quarterly of Six: ist quarter, 
 
 Azure, a sun proper beamy twelve of the second; 
 
Marshalling. 49 
 
 DUCHY OF OR. 2d quarter, . . . Bezants; OPHIR. 3d 
 quarter, . . . the SPANISH MINES. 4th quarter, . . . 
 the MINES OF HUNGARY. 5th quarter, . . . the MINES 
 OF BARBARY. 6th quarter, Argent, three leeks vert, in 
 canton or, tasselled of the first ; the WELSH MINE. 
 
 Now that we have reconstructed the pedigree and 
 arms of the Lady Pecunia, the question naturally arises 
 whether what we have thus built up actually appeared as 
 a "property" on Jonson's stage. That a stage-pedigree 
 was used gorgeous beyond words I have no doubt ; 
 But I do not think that the arms accompanying it were 
 marshalled. Arms, evidently, were the embellishment 
 of this genealogical tree ; but, if I rightly understand the 
 passage, the arms were not grouped in a single shield or 
 lozenge, but were placed, each coat on a separate shield 
 each pendant from the appropriate branch. But, as I 
 have said before, I have not reconstructed Pecunia' s 
 arms and pedigree for their own sake. What I have 
 endeavored to present is rather some knowledge of the 
 theory and practice of Marshalling, that subject which 
 formed so important a division of the science of Heraldry 
 in Jonson's day. 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 THE ACCESSORIES, AND THE COMPLETE 
 ACHIEVEMENT. 
 
 UR DISCUSSION of the heraldry of Jonson's 
 day has" thus far been limited to the heraldic 
 Shield. We have described its tinctures, 
 forms, points, and partitions ; the charges that 
 may be placed upon it ; and the manner of marshalling 
 several coats upon one shield. Our next topic, the 
 fourth, is The Accessories, those heraldic insignia 
 which, grouped about the shield, go with it to constitute 
 a Complete Achievement. 
 
 An Achievement, according to Legh, '-is the armes 
 
 of euery gentleman, well marmalled, with fupporters, 
 
 helme, wreathe, and creft, with man- 
 
 The Achievement. ,, , , ' , , , . , , 
 
 telles, and the woorde, the whiche of 
 Herehaughtes is properly called blazonne, heaume, and 
 timber." ' Of complete achievements, all reproduced 
 from Legh, this book contains three excellent illustra- 
 tions : the Frontispiece, and Figures 14 and 15 in this 
 chapter. 
 
 The Crest is a figure, usually of bird or beast, that 
 
 issues from a wreath, cap, or coronet, placed on a helmet 
 
 which, in turn, is borne above the shield, as 
 
 in the illustrations just mentioned. For 
 
 satiric purposes, Jonson speaks of crests but twice, but 
 
 each time with striking effect. The first is the crest of 
 
 1 Legh, Fol. 42 b. 
 
Accessories & Achievements. 51 
 
 Sogliardo, "a boar without a head, rampant;" 2 the 
 second is the substitute proposed by Carlo, a frying- 
 pan. 2 
 
 The Wreath, which supposedly consists of twisted 
 
 silk, displays six folds, three of the principal colour, three 
 
 of the principal metal. "You Painters and 
 
 The Wreath. . f . . . 
 
 Glafiers, take a rule with you, says Legh, 
 "that when you fet forthe any wrethe, to fet the mettell 
 firfte." 3 
 
 The Helmet, by its position and material, indicates 
 the rank of the bearer. Legh does not state the points 
 of difference, but contents himself with 
 referring the reader to his illustrations. In 
 his drawing of the achievement of a duke (See Frontis- 
 piece), the helmet is affronte, with six bars. His 
 achievement of a baron (Figure 15) displays a helmet in 
 profile with four bars visible. His knight's helmet is in 
 profile, with vizor closed (Figure 14); and his helmet of 
 an esquire, closed and affronte. For these last two 
 helmets, Guillim takes Legh to task. Of a helmet full- 
 faced with vizor open, Guillim says : "This Form of 
 Helmet (in my Conceit) doth beft quadrate with the 
 Dignity of a Knight, tho' Leigh improperly ufeth the 
 fame ; the fame (I fay) in Regard of the direct ftanding 
 thereof, but divers in this, that the Beaver of that is clofe, 
 and this open. For he affigneth this to the degree of an 
 Ef quire, wherein I altogether diffent." s And of a 
 helmet in profile with vizor closed, Guillim says : "This 
 form of Helmet, placed fide-long and clofe, doth Ger. 
 
 3 E. M. O., ITI, I ; Wks, I, 100. 3 Legh, Fol. 89 b. Boutell & Aveling, pp. 
 329-30, state the matter thus : "The Helm of the Sovereign, and Princes 
 of the Blood Royal, is of gold, and stands affronte, guarded with six bars. 
 The Helm of nobles is of silver decorated with gold ; it is represented in 
 profile, and showing five bars. ... The Helm of Baronets and Knights 
 is of steel, garnished with silver, and standing affronte ; the vizor is raised, 
 and without bars. The Helm of Esquires and Gentlemen has the vizor 
 closed, and is placed in profile." s Guillim, 1679, p. 309 ; 1724, p. 441. 
 
52 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Leigh attribute to the Dignity of a Knight ; but in mine 
 Understanding, it fitteth better the Calling of an 
 Ef quire." 6 This, then, rather than a helmet closed and 
 affronte, is the form of helm in the arms of Sogliardo. 
 (See Figure 18, beyond.) 
 
 From behind the helmet issues the Mantling, a 
 
 scarf slashed and twisted in fantastic scrolls. As the 
 
 twisting of the scarf displays both sides of 
 
 the material, Legh regularly blazons the 
 
 mantle as of one tincture "doubled" with another. 
 
 The disposition of the crest, wreath, helmet, and 
 mantling, appear in the Achievement of a Knight, which 
 
 I reproduce from Legh (Figure 14). Legh 
 Illustration: , . . & . 
 
 blazons this achievement as follows : 
 
 Achievement (<This ^^ beareth twQ feueral CQats 
 
 of a Knight. o f arme s quarterly as followeth. The firft. 
 The fielde is Geules ; on a chiefe Argent, two Mulletts 
 Sable. The fecod, barwaies of fixe peeces, Or & Azure, 
 a bende Geules. The thirde as the Second. The 
 fowerth as the firft. His Creaft, a bore paffant Ermins, 
 fette on a wreathe Argent and Geules, Mantell, Azure 
 doubled Or. And for the difference of a fecond brother 
 of that houfe from whence hee is difcended, he beareth 
 the Creffant." ? 
 
 The Word, or Motto, generally appears on a scroll 
 
 beneath the shield (Figures 14 and 15) ; but if it pertains 
 
 , to the crest, its place is there. Thus were 
 
 The Word, 
 
 grouped the motto "ich dien and the crest of 
 three ostrich feathers which according to 
 tradition, Edward the Black Prince took from the King 
 of Bohemia on the field of Crecy. (Figure 25). To this 
 incident, Jonson refers in the speech of Merlin in Prince 
 Henry s Barriers. 8 
 
 6 Ibid, 1679, p. 308 ; 1724. p. 441. * Legh, Fol. 58 a. 8 Wks, in, 67. 
 
Accessories & Achievements. 53 
 
 FIGURE 14. 
 
 THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A KNIGHT. 
 FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576, FOLIO ;S A. 
 
54 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 The Supporters of a coat of arms are two figures 
 
 placed on either side of the shield, in the attitude of 
 
 upholding or defending it. (See Frontispiece 
 
 and Figure 15.) In A Talc of a Tub, in 
 
 describing the coat of arms upon a tabard, Jonson speaks 
 
 of "a dragon and a greyhound for the supporters of the 
 
 arms." 9 And in Part of King James s Entertainment 
 
 in Passing to his Coronation, Jonson mentions "the 
 
 entire arms of the kingdom, with garter, crown, and 
 
 supporters, cut forth as fair and great as the life." I0 
 
 As an illustration of Supporters, I have referred 
 
 above to Legh's achievement of "Thomas Lorde Hawarde 
 
 the feconde of that name, Duke of Norfolke," which 
 
 Illustration: constitutes my Frontispiece. Legh's 
 
 blazon of this achievement runs as follows : 
 
 "The Dukes grace of Northfolke bear- 
 
 of a Duke. eth cotes quarter l y . The firfte , the 
 
 fielde is Geules, on a Bende, betweene vi croffelettes, 
 botone Fitche, Argent, an efcocheon, Or, a demilion, 
 within a double Treffure counterfiowred, of the firfte. 
 This is borne by the name of the lorde Haward. The 
 feconde cote, the fielde is Geules, three Lyons pallauntes, 
 Or, a file with three Lambeaux, Argent, borne by the 
 name of the Lord Brotherton, Earle marfhall of Englande. 
 The thirde cote, is Checkye, Or, and Azure, & borne by 
 the name of the Earle of Warren. The fourth cote, the 
 fielde therof is Geules, a Lyon Rampande, Argent, and 
 is borne by the name of the Lorde Mowbrey. All within 
 the garter, cotifed of two Lyons, Argent, hys creaft a 
 Lyon paflaunt, Or, crowned and colored wyth a Fyle, 
 and three Lambeaux, Argent, fett on a Chapeau, Geules 
 turned vp Ermyne, Mantelled Geules, doubled Ermins." " 
 
 * A Talc of a Tub, I. Ill ; Wks, II, 445. I0 Wks, II, 562. " Legh, Fol. 43 b. 
 
Accessories & Achievements. 55 
 
 In the royal achievement and in the arms of the 
 
 knights of the society to which it gives its name, there 
 
 appears another accessory, the Garter. The 
 
 The Garter. .4 . , , ., , . , . L . . 
 
 Garter is a blue ribbon "charged with the 
 motto 'Honi soit qui mal y pense,' in letters of gold, 
 with golden borders, buckle, and pendant." " In an 
 achievement, it is arranged in a circle about the shield 
 with the buckle at the base, as in the Frontispiece and in 
 Figure 15. Also among the insignia of this Order are 
 two others mentioned by Jonson : the Collar, and the 
 George. The latter is a pendant from the former, and is 
 "a figure of St. George on his charger, in the act of 
 piercing the dragon with his lance." ** These several in- 
 signia are named t>r alluded to by Jonson in two of his 
 masques. In the Masque of the Metamorphosed Gipsies, 
 occur the lines : 
 
 But be wise and wary 
 
 And we may both carry 
 
 The Kate and the Mary 
 
 And all the bright aery 
 
 Away to the quarry, 
 
 The George and the Garter 
 
 Into our own quarter. u 
 
 And in the Fortunate Isles, Johphiel, pretending to endow 
 Merefool with magic power, remarks : 
 
 . . . There's your Order, 
 You will have your Collar sent you ere't be long. IS 
 
 In comparison with these somewhat unpoetical references 
 of Jonson, it is pleasant to recall the lines of Shakspere 
 in the Merry Wives of Windsor, V, V : 
 
 About, about ! 
 
 Search Windsor Castle, elves, within and out. . . . 
 Each fair instalment, coat, and several crest, 
 With loyal blazon, ever more be blest. 
 
 12 B. & A., 376. Ibid, 378. J * Wks, III, 144-5, Note. Wks. in, 193. 
 
56 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 And nightly, meadow-fairies, look you sing, 
 1/ike to the Garter's compass, in a ring. 
 The expressure that it bears, green let it be, 
 More fertile-fresh than all the field to see ; 
 And 'Honi soil qui mal y pense" write 
 In emerald tufts, flowers purple, blue, and white ; 
 Like sapphire, pearl, and rich embroidery 
 Buckled below fair knighthood's bending knee. 
 
 As a final illustration of achievements, and to illus- 
 trate also the term Badge, or Cognizance, which I must 
 next define, I here" insert one more plate from Legh, the 
 Achievement of a Baron, (Figure 15;. Legh's blazon is 
 as follows : 
 
 "This noble knight of worthy fame, did beare twelue 
 
 feuerall cotes. The firft wherof is Argent, a Feffe danfe, 
 
 Sable, bv the name of Wefte. The fecond, 
 
 Illustration = ~ , ^ , , , TT^U T 
 
 Geules, cruiule botone rytche, a .Lvon ram- 
 Achievement pande? Argent} by -the name of Lawarre. 
 
 of a Baron. f^ third is Azure, three Leopardes heades, 
 iefaint Flowers Or, by the name of Cantelupe. The 
 fowerth, Barwaies of vi pieces. Or, and Azure, a chiefe of 
 the firfte, three pallets, betwene two bafe Efquiers Dex- 
 ter, and Sinifler, of the fecond, an Infcocheon Ermine, 
 by the name of Mortimer of Wigmore. The fifte a Ger- 
 onee of xii pieces, Argent, and Geules, within a bordure 
 Sable bezaunt, by the name of Peuerell. The fixth, 
 Geules, mafculie verray, by the name of Tregofe. The 
 feuenth, Argent, three Formales Geules, by the name of 
 Forte. The eyghte, Geules, three Lions rampaunde Or, 
 within a bordure engrailed Argent, by the name of Fitz- 
 perfe. The nynth, Geules, three Sufflues Or, by the 
 name of Verft. The tenth, Argent, on a bende, betwene 
 two bendelets, Geules, three Mullets Or, perfed, by the 
 name of Hakelet. The eleuenth, Geules, a bend and two 
 bendes aboue, Or, by the name of Grifley. The twelueth, 
 
Accessories & Achievements. 
 
 57 
 
 // -uiu -cr 
 
 FIGURE 15. 
 
 THE ACHIEVEMENT OF A BARON. 
 FROM LEGH ; S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576^ FOLIO 50 B. 
 
58 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Verte, tenne Efcaloppes, Argent, iiii, iii, ii, and i, by the 
 name of Thorley. All within the Garter. His creaft, a 
 Griffons head Azure, becked, berded, and eared within a 
 crowne Or, fet on a Torce Geules and Azure, mantelled 
 Azure doubled Ermyne, fupported with a Mantiger 
 Argent, gorged erafed Sable, with a coller Or, and a 
 wyuerne Or, fcaled Azure. His badge was a Crampette 
 Or, geeuen to his auncefters, for takynge the Frenche 
 kyng in fielde. Alfo hys cognifaunce was a Rofe parted 
 in pale Argent and - "Geules, which he had of the Mortimer 
 aforefayd. Thus haue I blazed this noble manes Acheue- 
 ment, by the name of fir Thomas Weft, baron of Grifley, 
 lorde Lawarre, and of Cantelupe, knight of the mofte 
 honorable order of the Garter." l6 
 
 A Badge, or Cognizance, a device mentioned in the 
 
 foregoing blazon and illustrated in the accompanying plate 
 
 (Figure 1 5), is an emblem sometimes iden- 
 
 Badges, or t y/ > . . 
 
 tical with the crest or with some charge in 
 Cognizances. ^ escu tcheon, but as often unconnected 
 with either. Its usual place is on the sleeve, breast, or 
 back of the wearer ; and it differs from a coat of arms in 
 that it is borne not alone by the members of the family 
 but by their entire following. 
 
 To possess dependants who should display their 
 master's badge is the immediate desire of several of Jon- 
 son's newly rich. Scarcely, for example, have Onion and 
 Juniper discovered the pile of gold, '? before they raise 
 the question, "What badge shall we give, what cullison?" 
 And the same thought has evidently occurred to Sogli- 
 ardo, for Carlo says of him : "I came from him but now ; 
 he is at the heralds' office yonder ; he requested me to 
 go afore, and take up a man or two for him in Paul's 
 against his cognizance was ready." lS 
 
 16 Legh. Fol. 50 b - 51 b. " The Case Is Altered, IV. IV ; Wks, II, 544. I8 E. M. 
 0.,III,I; Wks, I, 97. 
 
Accessories & Achieve nents. 59 
 
 More interesting, however, is Jo;ison's frequent men- 
 tion in his masques, of the badges of the English sover- 
 eigns. Among these, the red rose of 
 
 Royal Badges. T e ,, ' rxr, 
 
 Lancaster and the wh te rose of York are 
 familiar. Henry VII, first of the Ti dor sovereigns, gave 
 as one of his badges "a rose of York and Lancaster," "> 
 that is, the "Tudor rose ;" and this wis among the badges 
 borne by his successors. James I, who united in his per- 
 son the crowns of England and Scotland, gave as his 
 badges, "a thistle," and "a rose and tiistle dimidiated and 
 crowned ;" and these badges were c ontinued in use by 
 Charles I. 20 Jonson refers to all of these badges. For 
 example, in Prince Henry s Barriers, January i, 1610-11, 
 Merlin speaks first of Henry VII, anc then of James I : 
 
 Henry but joined the roses that ensigned 
 Particular families, but this hath ;oined 
 The Rose and Thistle. 21 
 
 On Twelfth-night, 1626, when the riarriage of Charles 
 with Henrietta Maria of France \vas yet recent, the 
 masque entitled The Fortunate Isles spoke of 
 
 . . . the prophecy that goes 
 Of joining the bright Lily and the Rose." 22 
 
 In 1630, the masque, Love's Triumph through Callipolis, 
 had, as one of its stage properties, "a palm-tree with an 
 imperial crown. on the top ; from the root whereof, lilies 
 and roses twining together, and embracing the stem, 
 flourish through the crown ;" and this was explained 
 by Venus in the following lines : 
 
 '9 B. & A., 307. *> Ibid, 308. " Wks, III, 69. - 2 Wks, III. 198. 
 
60 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Beauty and Love, whose story is mysterial 
 In yonder palm-tree and the crown imperial, 
 Do, from the Rose and Lily so delicious, 
 Promise a shade shall ever be propitious 
 To both the Kingdoms. . . . 23 
 
 And finally, in Loves Welcome at Bolsover, July 30, 1634, 
 
 the word is still : 
 
 t 
 
 Hey for the lily, for, and the blended rose ! 2 * 
 3 \vks, in, 203. 2 < Wk* III. 221. 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 THE HERALDS' COLLEGE. 
 
 THE FOREGOING CHAPTERS, I have 
 written of heraldic insigna under four heads : the 
 shield, its tinctures, forms, points, and partitions ; 
 the charges that may be borne upon it ; the 
 marshalling of several coats within one shield; and the 
 accessories that, grouped about the shield, unite with 
 it to make up a complete achievement. I now purpose to 
 complete Part I . with a chapter upon the officers of arms, 
 the Heralds' College. In England, since the reign of 
 Edward III, ' the heralds have possessed exclusive juris- 
 diction over the bearing of coat-armour ; and since the 
 year 1483, in the reign of Richard III, 2 they have con- 
 stituted a corporate body known as the Heralds' College, 
 or College of Arms. The headship of the College, in 
 Jonson's day as now, was vested in the Earl Marshal ; 
 but from the death of the Earl of Shrewsbury, in 1590, 
 down to the appointment of Thomas Howard, Earl of 
 Arundel and Surrey, in 1622, the duties of the earl- 
 marshalship were performed, save for two brief periods, 3 
 by commissioners. The College itself, during the reigns 
 of Elizabeth, James, and Charles, = consisted, except for 
 an occasional herald extraordinary or pursuivant extraor- 
 
 1 B. & A., 343. 2 Thisis the date given by Planch^, p. 33, and by all other author- 
 ities I have consulted, one excepted. This one, Boutell & Aveling, p. 343, 
 assigns the incorporation to "about the year 1425." 3 Robert Devereux, 
 Earl of Essex, was appointed Earl Marshal in 1597; executed, 1601. Ed- 
 ward Somerset, Earl of Worcester, acted as Earl Marshal at the corona- 
 tion of James I. See Noble: Hist, of Col. of Arms, Appendix, xxxix. 
 * Ibid, xxxix. s Ibid, 158-253. 
 
62 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 dinary, of the following thirteen members : three kings of 
 arms entitled Garter, Clarencieux, and Norroy, of whom 
 Garter was the chief ; six heralds, namely, Windsor, 
 Richmond, York, Chester, Somerset, and Lancaster ; and 
 four pursuivants, namely, Rouge-Dragon, Rouge-Croix, 
 Portcullis, and Blue-mantle. 6 
 
 "The Herauldes of Englande," wrote John Dodridge, 
 the Solicitor General, in August, 1600, "have beine aun- 
 cientlye incorporated by the Kings of this Realme, and 
 reduced in Corpuf Corporatum & Collegium, as namely 
 among others in the fecond yeare of Kinge Richard the 
 thirde ; alfoe by King Edward the fixt, and Queene 
 Marye. ... By the Charter of King Edward the fix, 
 made in the thirde yeare of his Raigne, they are dif- 
 chardged and made free of all Taxes, Chardges, and Sub- 
 fedies graunted by Parliament. . . . 
 
 "They are devided into three feverall Companyes ; 
 into Kings whereof there be now three, Garter, Claren- 
 cieux, and Norrey ; (in tymes paft there have bein IIII or 
 Kings ;) Herauldes, whereof there bee now fix, Yorke, 
 Richemonde, Somerfett, Lancaftre, Cheftre, and Winde- 
 fore ; and Purfevaunts, whereof there nowe bee fower, 
 
 Compare Scott's roster of the Scottish College of Arms, in Marmion : Canto 
 IV, vi, vii : 
 
 Each at his trump a banner wore 
 Which Scotland's royal scutcheon bore : 
 Heralds and pursuivants, byname 
 Bute, Islay, Marchmount, Rothsay, came 
 Jn painted tabards, proudly showing 
 Gules, Argent, Or, and Azure glowing, 
 
 Attendant on a King-at-Arms. 
 The double tressure might you see 
 
 First by Achaius borne. 
 The thistle and the fleur-de-lis 
 
 And gallant unicorn. 
 So bright the king's armorial coat 
 That scarce the dazzled eye could note 
 In living colours blazoned brave 
 
The Heralds' College. 63 
 
 Rougedragon, Blewe-mantle, Portcullis, and Rouge- 
 croffe." 7 
 
 In this list, the student of Jonson will recognize the 
 title held, from 1597 to 1623, by Jonson 's friend and 
 master, William Camden, Esquire, alias Clarencieux, 
 Principall Herald and King of Arms of the East, West, 
 and South partes of England from the River Trent south- 
 ward. The student will recognize also the title which 
 may have suggested that of Piedmantle, the foolish pur- 
 suivant of The Staple of News. 
 
 The duties of the Heralds of Arms in Jonson's day 
 are described by Dodridge in the paper from which we 
 have just quoted, 1600, and also by Francis Thynne, 
 Lancaster herald, in a discourse dated 1605. The 
 former says : 
 
 "The office and ufe of our Heraulds may bee drawne 
 into theife fowre [Heades]: 
 
 "Firft, they are Mefiengers by the Lawes of Armes, 
 betweene Potentates, for matter of Honnour and Armes. 
 
 The LION which his title gave ; 
 A train which well beseem'd his state 
 But all unarm'd around him wait. 
 Still is thy name in high account 
 And still thy verse hath charms, 
 Sir David Lindesay of the Mount, 
 LORD-LYON, KING-AT-ARMS ! 
 
 ? From "A consideration of the office and dutye of the Herauldes in Eng- 
 lande, drawne out of sundrye observations. By John Dodridge, the King's 
 Solicitor Generall. at the instance of Hon. E. of Northampton, in Aug. 
 1600 :'' in Hearne : Collection of Curious Discourses, 1720, p. 271. 
 A similar list of the officers of the Heralds' College is given by Francis Thynne, 
 Lancaster herald, in 1605 : 
 
 "In the third Year of King James, thus stands the state of the Office of 
 Armes : Garter. Clarentieux, Norroy, Kings ; besides Ulster, King of Ireland. 
 Vorke, Richmond, Somerset. Lancaster, Chester, Windsor, Heralds. Rouge- 
 dragon. Rougecrosse. Blewmantle, Portcullys, Pursevants ; and one other Pur- 
 sevant extraordinary, called Portsmouth." This extract is from "Bib. Ashm. 
 No. 835. IV. A Discourse of the Duty and Office of an Herald of Arms, written 
 by Francis Thynne, Lancaster Herald, third day of March, Anno 1605, in a Letter 
 to a Peer :" reprinted by Hearne (see above), pp. 230-268, and also in "The Second 
 Part of Honour Civil," appended to Guillim, 1724. My transcript is from the 
 latter, page 40, 
 
64 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 "Secondly, they are C&remoniarum miniftri, as in 
 the Coronation of Kings and Oueenes, in the Creation of 
 noble dignetyes, of Honnor in the Inftallations of the 
 Honnorable Knights, of orders in Tryumphes, Jufts, 
 Combatts, Marriages, Chriftnings, Interrments and Fun- 
 eralls, and to attende in all folempne Affemblyes of State 
 and Honnour. And by fome of them ought the Procla- 
 mations of greate matters of State to bee promulged. 
 
 'Thirdly, the caufes of Chivallrye, and Gentilletye 
 are committed to their care, as in the right of beareingof 
 Armesin Shieldes, Efcutcheons. Targetts, Banners, Pen- 
 naunts, Coates, and fuch like ; Correction of Armes in 
 their vifitations, and the obl'ervation of Pedegrees, and 
 dif cents of Noblemen and Gentlemen. 
 
 "Fourthlye. they are the Prothonotaries. Griffyers, 
 and Regifters of all Acts and proceedings in the Courts of 
 the Conftable and Marfhall of England, or by fuche as 
 have theire Authoritye, and in theire Bookes, and 
 Recordes, they ought to preferve to perpetuall memorye, 
 all facts and noteable defignements of Honnour and 
 Armes." s 
 
 Francis Thynne, who was Lancaster herald from 1602 
 to 1608, and whom Camden described as "an excellent 
 antiquary, and a gentleman painful and well-deserving his 
 office whilst he lived," * described the duties of the kings 
 of arms as follows : 
 
 "It fhall not be unpieafaunt, I hope, unto your Lord- 
 fhip, to know what the authoritye of a Kinge of Armes is 
 in his Province ; and for that caufe, I have here fett them 
 downe. 
 
 "Firft, as nigh as he cann, hee fhall take knowledge, 
 and recorde the Armes, Crefts, and Cognizaunces, and 
 auncient wordes ; as alfoe of the Lyne and Defcent, or 
 Pedegree of every Gentleman within his Province of what 
 eitate or degree foever he bee. 
 
 8 Dodridge: A consideration uf the office and dutyt of the Herauldcs in Englande, 
 1600 ; in Hearne, 1720, p. 270-71. 9 Noble, 213-14 ; see also Dallaway, 224-5. 
 
The Heralds' College. 65 
 
 "Item, hee mall enter into all Churches, Chappells, 
 Oratories, Caftles, Howies, or auncient buildings, to take 
 knowledge of their Foundations ; and of the noble Eftates 
 buryed in them : as alfo of their Amies, and Armes of the 
 Places, their heades and auncient Recordes. 
 
 "Item, hee (hall prohibite any Gentleman to beare the 
 Armes of any other or fuch as be not true Armorye, and 
 as he ought according to the Law of Armes. 
 
 "He mail prohibite any Marchaunt, or any other to 
 put their names, markes, or devifes, in Efcuchions or 
 Sheildes ; which belonge and only appartayne to Gentle- 
 men bearing Armes, and to none other. 
 
 "Item, he fhall make diligent fearche, if any beare 
 Armes without authoritye or good right ; and finding fuch, 
 although they be true Blazon, he fhall prohibite them. 
 
 "The faid King of Armes in his Province hath full 
 power and authoritye by the King's grante, to give con- 
 firmation to all Noblemen and Gentlemen ignorant of 
 their Armes, for the which he ought to have the Fee 
 belonginge thereto. 
 
 "He hath authoritye to give Armes and Crefts to 
 perfons of abilitye deferving well of the Prince and com- 
 monwealth, by reafon of Office, Authoritye, Wifdome, 
 Learninge, good Manners, and fober Governmente. They 
 to have fuch graunts by Patent under the Scale of the 
 Office of the King of Armes, and to pay therefore the 
 Fees accuftomed. 
 
 "Item, no Gentleman, or other, may erect or fett upp 
 in any Church, att Funerals, either Banners, Standards, 
 Coates of Armes, Helmes, Crefts, Swords, or any other 
 Hatchment, without the licence of the faid Kinge of 
 Armes of the Province, or by allowance or permiffion of 
 his Marfhall or Deputye. Becaufe the Armes of the 
 noble eflate deceafed, the day of his death, the place of 
 
66 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 his buriall, his marriage and yffues, ought to be taken and 
 recorded in the Office of that King." 10 
 
 Of the duties enumerated by John Dodridge and 
 Francis Thynne in the selections just quoted, three are of 
 especial interest to students of Jonson. These three are 
 the conferring of arms, the recording of pedigrees, and 
 the supervision of funerals. These duties, we will now 
 consider in the order named. 
 
 By the ordinance issued by the Earl Marshal, Thomas 
 Lord Howard, Duke of Norfolk, in 1568, the three kings 
 of arms were authorized to grant coats of arms and to 
 divide among them the not inconsiderable fees that thus 
 accrued. The result was such as might have been antic- 
 ipated. In an era of prosperity, such as that upon which 
 England was then entering, there must have been many 
 a Sogliardo, many "an essential clown ... so enam- 
 oured of the name of gentleman, that he will have it 
 though he buys it :" " and there were certainly heralds 
 sufficiently unscrupulous to grant him arms in return for 
 a sufficient fee. 
 
 These abuses were already existent in the reign of 
 Elizabeth. If Ralph Brooke, York herald, is to be 
 believed, Cook, who was Clarencieux from 1566-7 to 1592, 
 granted no less than five hundred coats of arms ; and Sir 
 Gilbert Dethick, Garter 1549-84, and his son William 
 Dethick, Garter 1586-1603-4, gave more than that num- 
 ber. " In the year 1600, however, when Jonson pub- 
 lished his Every Man Out of His Humour, this abuse did 
 not seem serious. The mushroom gentleman Sogliardo 
 was a fit subject for mirth ; but the heralds, provided 
 they assigned him fool's motley for a coat and "a boar 
 
 10 Thynne: A Discourse of the Dutye and Office of an Heraulde of Armes, 1605; 
 in Hearne, 1720, p. 252-254. E. M. O.. The character of the persons; Wks. 
 1,63. " Noble, 161. 
 
The Heralds College. 67 
 
 without a head rampant" for a crest, might pass scathe- 
 less. Jonson merely saw the fun and drew the picture. 
 In the reign of James, however, the evil grew so no- 
 torious as to demand correction. On one occasion, 
 Brooke, the York herald, sent to Sir William Segar, Gar- 
 ter, a design for a coat of arms, with a request that it be 
 confirmed to one Gregory Brandon. Garter, without in- 
 vestigation, affixed his seal and signature, and took the 
 fee. Brooke thereupon laid the matter before the Com- 
 missioners for the Earl 'Marshalship. He showed that 
 the arms confirmed by Garter were Arragon with a canton 
 of Brabant ; and that Brandon, to whom they had been 
 granted, was the common hangman of London. He de- 
 clared further that his purpose in putting this trick upon 
 his superior was to convince the Commissioners of the 
 unscrupulous and mercenary character of Garter. King 
 James, when the matter was brought to his attention, 
 was highly indignant. The affront to Spain, the negli- 
 gence or cupidity of the king-at-arms, and the malice and 
 treachery of the accusing herald, alike incensed him. He 
 ordered that both Garter and his subordinate be im- 
 prisoned in the Marshalsea. I3 This was on December 
 1 7th, 1616. The abuse, however, continued. Certain 
 heralds not only granted armorial bearings to applicants 
 base born, but even granted the arms of certain families 
 to others in no wise related to the rightful owners. Real- 
 izing that sweeping action was necessary, King James, on 
 February 7th, 1618-19, appointed a commission to reform 
 the Heralds' College. '* This effort, it would seem, had 
 some success ; for Peacham writes : "Coats fometimes 
 are by ftealth purchafed, muffled into Records and Mon- 
 uments by Painters, Glafiers, Carvers, and fuch : But I 
 truft, fo good an order hath been lately eftablifhed by the 
 Right Honourable, the late Commiffioners for the office of 
 
 "3 Noble, 2-51 ; Dallaway, 226-7-8, note. J * Noble, 194. 
 
68 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 the Earl Marfhalfhip, and careful refpect of the Heralds 
 with us, that all hope of finifter dealing in that kind is 
 quite cut off from fuch mercenery abufers of Nobility." *s 
 
 Equally important with their jurisdiction over the 
 bearing of coat -armour was the duty of the heralds to re- 
 cord the pedigrees of all persons of gentle or of noble 
 blood. The two provincial kings of arms, Clarencieux 
 and Norroy, were supposed to make official "Visitations" 
 at convenient intervals to each county within their re- 
 spective provinces': On these occasions, the king at arms 
 or his deputy summoned all the gentlemen of the county 
 to appear before him, and to bring their arms and pedi- 
 grees to be recorded. He also made a record of all armo- 
 rial insigna displayed in churches, castles, or other 
 buildings, in windows, monuments, or otherwise, and cor- 
 rected and forbade whatever heraldic abuses might there 
 appear. Many records of the. heraldic visitations of 
 J onsen's time have been preserved, and in recent years 
 have been edited and published. Among these are sev- 
 eral nominally by William Camden, Clarencieux, who, 
 between 1612 and 1623, made by deputy nearly a score of 
 these visitations. l6 
 
 From the records gathered on these visitations, the 
 heralds were accustomed to provide gentlemen so desiring 
 with certified genealogies. Such was the pedigree which 
 Piedmantle prepared for the Lady Pecunia in The Staple 
 of News, described by Penny boy Junior as a "scroll," 
 "rarely painted." '? Dallaway, speaking of pedigrees 
 made in the reigns of Elizabeth and James, writes thus : 
 
 "Amongst other demonstrations of hereditary hon- 
 ours, which the nobility and gentry were at this aera so 
 
 11 Peacham: The Compleal Gentleman, 1622. My transcript is from the edition 
 of 1661, p. 186. 16 Dallaway, 163-68, note. See also, Ellis : Letters of Em- 
 inent Literary Men ; Camden Society, 1843 ; p. 127-28, note. I7 S. of N. 
 IV, I ; Wks, II, 321. 
 
The Heralds College. 69 
 
 particularly ambitious to obtain or preserve, were the 
 pedigrees of their families drawn out upon vellum rolls, 
 with illuminations and emblazoned escocheons and 
 authenticated by the official seal and signature of the 
 king of arms of the province. From this fashion very 
 considerable emoluments accrued to the heralds, as well 
 from the labour which was bestowed in finishing them, 
 as the frequent employment which they found." l8 
 
 To the foregoing passage, Dallaway adds this note : 
 "There are few families of high provincial antiquity 
 and establishment, amongst whose archives a genealogical 
 tree is not preserved. As specimens of greater curiosity 
 these may be enumerated. One in the library of Corpus 
 Christi college, Oxford, is thus specified in the cata- 
 logue : 
 
 " 'A fair parchment roll, in length 15 yards, in 
 breadth three, lined with silk, containing the pedigree 
 of the Royal Family, and the several branches of it, from 
 King Alfred to Edward the sixth, with their arms drawn 
 and colored the attestation is thus subscribed: "This 
 pedigree was travaled and set furth by W. Harvey, es- 
 quyor, alias Norroy King of Arms of all the North parts 
 of England from the river Trent northward, and by the 
 King's Minister's commandment perused, corrected and 
 overseen by Sir Gilbert Dethyck, knt., alias Garter Prin- 
 cypal King of Arms of the south, east, and west partes 
 of this realm of England from Trent southward. In 
 wytness whereof the sayd have hereunto subscribed 
 theyr names the 2d day of June, in the yere of the reigne 
 of our sovereigne Lord Edward ths syxte, by the grace of 
 God King of England, France, and Ireland, Defender of 
 the Faith, and in erthe of the Church of England 
 supreme hed." Names and seals annexed.' 
 
 "Lord Denbigh," continues Dallaway, "has a collec- 
 tion of rolls of arms and genealogy, and one of the 
 
 i" Dallaway, 265-6. 
 
7O Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Fieldings, beginning with Egbert, first king of the 
 heptarchy ; and in the collection of the late Dr. Plott was 
 the genealogy of the Dymokes, kings' champions, from 
 the year 1141 'till within memory, with all their arms 
 and those of their matches. It was sometimes usual to 
 bind up these pedigrees in folio volumes of parchment, 
 in which the descents were continued from one page to 
 another. Of this description a very beautiful specimen 
 is now in the possession of John Heathfield Hicks, M. D., 
 of Gloucester, of the family of Weston-Luzers in 
 Staffordshire, authenticated by Segar, Garter." ^ 
 
 Third among the important rights and duties of the 
 heralds was their jurisdiction over the funerals of nobility 
 and gentry. This was one of the most remunerative and 
 most highly cherished privileges of the College ; yet to 
 recent editors of Jonson, its very existence seems 
 unknown. Two Yale editors have lately had occasion to 
 comment upon the passage, "buried with the trumpeters, 
 . . . the heralds of arms," in The Staple of News, Act I, 
 scene II. 20 Neither has said anything to the point. 2I 
 To make clear this passage, the last "Item" in the 
 Discourse of Francis Thynne, above quoted, is perhaps 
 sufficient . Yet I shall venture to amplify his statement 
 by means of an extract from Dallaway : 
 
 " [ In the reign of Elizabeth, ] heraldic ceremonies 
 . . . still retained their station upon occasions of ancient 
 establishment. More particularly were they observed at 
 solemn interments of the nobility ; and the inferior ranks 
 of society were equally ambitious of funeral pomp. 
 Amongst the laws of chivalry, of those indeed which 
 were then more generally inforced, was an obligation upon 
 the heir of persons of either sex intitled to coat-armour, 
 
 '? Dallaway. 265-6, note. 20 S.of A'., I, II ; Wks, II, 288. 2I Winter, 5. o/.V., p. 
 147: and Henry, Epictzne, p. 218. 
 
The Heralds' College. 71 
 
 to employ one herald at least to regulate the procession, 
 by duly marshalling the attendants and performing 
 certain of the obsequies. Upon such occasions, it was 
 customary to take a certificate of the titles and an 
 account of the immediate descent of the deceased, with 
 their marriages and issue. These notices were afterward 
 registered in the College of Arms, and the ceremonial 
 frequently inserted by way of precedent for others. In 
 the compilation of pedigrees, few documents have been 
 found more useful than funeral certificates, more 
 especially since the discontinuance of provincial visita- 
 tions. From the universal fashion of magnificent burials 
 over which the heralds asserted absolute jurisdiction, 
 arose very considerable emoluments, upon which account 
 the painter-stainers, who furnished the armorial trophies, 
 usurped a power of marshalling escocheons, very 
 frequently in opposition to the confirmed usage, and 
 with interference with those of other families, by 
 omitting the due marks of difference. The court of 
 chivalry was scarcely of sufficient validity to protect the 
 rights of its own officers from these infringements, nor 
 did the signal punishment of some delinquents by fine 
 and imprisonment deter others from similar practices. 
 For so generally allowed was this claim of the heralds to 
 stated fees upon these occasions, that their demand was 
 very rarely opposed, but when their attendance was not 
 required a pecuniary composition was made." 2Z 
 
 Some idea of the number of persons not of the 
 nobility who, to use the words of Pennyboy Junior, were 
 "buried with the trumpeters," may be gained from the 
 following official record : 
 
 "Names of thofe buried with heralds from October 
 22, 1597, to the I4th of May, 1605, nobles excepted, which 
 pertain unto Garter. 
 
 22 Dallaway. 248-256. 
 
72 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 "1597 Five. 1600 Twenty six. 1603 Six. 
 
 "1598 Twenty two. 1601 Eighteen. 1604 Twelve. 
 "1599 Twenty. 1602 Twelve. 1605 Six." 23 
 
 One more extract from the records will suggest, 
 perhaps, why Pennyboy Junior should think the presence 
 of heralds at his father's funeral ,to be "noise that is 
 superfluous" : 
 
 "Charges of the funeral of Sir George Rogers, Knt., 
 1582 :- 
 
 "To Mr. Clarencieulx, Kinge of 
 Armes. for his fee, vi 
 
 "Item, for his gowne, cote, and 
 hood of blacke clothe, v yeardes at 
 xx s. the yeard, iij xv s. 
 
 "Item, for his fervantis lyvery, xxiv s. 
 
 "Item, for his tranfportation 
 and charges from London to Danington 
 (county of Somerfet) being 114 miles 
 at xii pence the mile, and so to 
 London again, xi viij s. 
 
 "Item, to Rouge Dragon, Officer 
 of Arms, for his fee iiij vi s. viij d. 
 
 "Item, for his blacke cloth 
 for his gowne, &c. iij xv s. 
 
 "Item, lyvery for his fervante, xxiv s. 
 
 "Item, for his tranfportation 
 and charges from London to Danington, 
 and so retorne, at viij d. the myle, vij xii s. 
 
 "Item, for the horfehyre and 
 charges to convey the healme, creft, 
 pall, and hatchment, from London, &c. xl s. 
 
 "Item, in confideration of the 
 pall of 30 yards of black velvet, and 
 for the cloth upon the hearfe, and 
 rayles, timber, and ftool clothes, 
 
 "Total received, Iv " 24 
 
 23 R. 20. MSS. Coll. of Arms, Folio, "Funeral Ceremonies." Order of inter- 
 ments, names of mourners, &c. p. 23; quoted by Dallaway, 260, note. 
 2 * MSS. Coll. Arm. 90, p. 182 ; quoted by Dallaway, 271-2. 
 
The Heralds College. 73 
 
 The more we study these and other records of the 
 Heralds' College, the more do Jonson's references to 
 heralds and to heraldry become significant. To almost 
 every one of the duties and privileges of the College, 
 Jonson somewhere refers. In Every Man Out of His 
 Humour, he laughs at the granting of arms to the 
 unworthy, and in The Staple of News, at the fabrication 
 of pedigrees "from all the kings and queens that ever 
 were." In the same play, Jonson voices the general 
 protest of the gentry against the exorbitant claims of the 
 heralds for funeral fees. We should note, however, that 
 Jonson attacks not the institution of Heraldry but its 
 abuse, and that, lest any should mistake, he has himself 
 stated his position. We cannot better conclude our 
 present chapter and our study of the heralds and heraldry 
 of Jonson's day, than by quoting the lines of Pennyboy 
 Canter in The Staple of News, IV, I, in which, we may 
 feel sure, Jonson himself is speaking : 
 
 If thou hadst sought out good and virtuous persons 
 Of these professions, I had loved thee and them : 
 For these shall never have that plea against me 
 Or colour of advantage, that I hate 
 Their callings, but their manners and their vices. 
 
 Here is Piedmantle ; 
 
 'Cause he's an ass, do not I love a herald, 
 
 Who is the pure preserver of descents, 
 
 The keeper fair of all nobility, 
 
 Without which all would run into confusion ? 
 
 Were he a learned herald, I would tell him 
 
 He can give arms and marks, he cannot honour ; ... 
 
 And he would thank me for this truth. 23 
 
 2 5. of N^ IV, I; Wks, II, 323-4. 
 
PART II. 
 
 THE HERALDIC PASSAGES 
 
 IN JONSON'S -PLAYS, MASQUES 
 
 AND ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 Although the Affe be flowe, yet is he fure. 
 And as he is not the wifeft, fo is he leaft fump- 
 tuous, efpecially in his diet. For his feeding 
 is on Thiftles, Nettles, and Briers, & therefore 
 fmall birdes hate him, efpecially the fparowe 
 is mofte enemye vnto him. I could write 
 muche of this beaft, but that it woulde be 
 thought it were to mine owne glory. 
 
 Legh : The Accedens of Armory, 1576. 
 Folio 55 b. 
 
PART II. 
 
 NOTES ON THE HERALDIC PASSAGES IN 
 
 JONSON'S PLAYS, MASQUES, AND 
 
 ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 tliE ARRANGEMENT of these Notes is, (i) 
 the Plays, in alphabetical order; (2) the 
 Masques and Entertainments, in the order in 
 which they stand in the three-volume Gifford Si 
 Cunningham edition of Jonson's Works. My references 
 are regularly to act, scene, volume, and page of this 
 edition, indicated by the abbreviation "Wks." The 
 names "Alden," "Henry," "Mallory," and "Winter," 
 refer respectively to the edition of Bartholomew Fair 
 edited by Dr. C. S. Alden, of Epiccene edited by Dr. 
 Aurelia Henry, of Tfie Poetaster edited by Dr. H. S. 
 Mallory, and of The Staple of News edited by Dr. 
 De Winter, all in the Yale Studies in English. 
 
 THE ALCHEMIST. 
 Requires no annotation. 
 
 BARTHOLOMEW FAIR. 
 
 I, I ; Wks, II, 153. Alden, p. 22, line 10. 
 
 Cross and pile. 
 
 Pile is here used not in its heraldic sense, but to 
 designate "the reverse side of a coin, from the impression 
 of the pillar [pile] on which it was stamped." I The 
 phrase means "heads and tails." 
 
 1 Standard Dictionary. 
 
78 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 II, I; Wks, II, 158-9. Alden, p. 32, lines 16-17. 
 
 They made me, yea me, to -mistake an honest zealous 
 pursuivant for a seminary. 
 
 Pursuivant. It should be remembered that other 
 bodies besides the College of Arms had pursuivants. 
 Here the pursuivant is evidently a messenger or warrant- 
 server for some ecclesiastical court, sent perhaps to 
 apprehend the seminar}- (popish priest) for whom he is 
 mistaken. See Alden, pp. 164-5. 
 
 THE CASE IS ALTERED. 
 
 IV, IV : Wks, II, 544. 
 
 ONION. . . . /'// turn gentleman. 
 
 JUNIPER. So will I. 
 
 ONI. But what badge shall we give, what cullisonf 
 
 JUN. As for that, let's use the infidelity and com- 
 miseration of some harrot of arms, he shall give us a 
 gudgeon. 
 
 ONI. A gudgeon! a scutthcon, thou wouldst say, 
 man. 
 
 Badge, cullison. A cognizance ; a device worn by a 
 servant on his sleeve, and by a soldier upon breast or 
 back, to show of whom he is a follower. The roses of 
 York and Lancaster were badges, cullisons. See p. 58. 
 
 Give. To bear, in the heraldic sense ; to display or 
 exhibit heraldically, of right. See p. 13. 
 
 Harrot of arms. An old form of Herald-of-Arms. 
 
 Scutcheon. Escutcheon, heraldic shield ; the central 
 element in a complete achievement of arms ; here used 
 loosely, perhaps, to stand for the entire achievement, and 
 so to include the badge, as in the "Achievement of a 
 Baron," Figure 15. 
 
Catiline His Conspiracy. 79 
 
 CATILINE HIS CONSPIRACY. 
 
 II, I ; Wks, II, 92. 
 
 Cicero, ... a mere upstart, 
 That has no pedigree, no house, no coat, 
 No ensigns of a family! 
 
 Coat. Coat of arms ; heraldic achievement. See 
 P- 13- 
 
 CYNTHIA'S REVELS. 
 
 II, I; Wks, I, 162. 
 
 MERCURY. Shall we go, Cupid? 
 
 CUPID. Stay, and see the ladies now: they'll come 
 presently. F II help to paint them. 
 
 MER. What, lay colour upon colour! tJiat affords 
 but an ill blazon. 
 
 CUP. Here comes metal to help it, the Lady 
 Argurion. 
 
 Colour. The heraldic tinctures are of three classes, 
 the metals, the colours, and the furs. The colours are 
 azure, gules, sable, vert, purpure, sanguine, and tenne. 
 See p. 15. 
 
 Metal. The heraldic metals are or and argent. 
 See p. 15. 
 
 Blazon. A description of a coat of arms, phrased in 
 technical heraldic terms. See p. 16. 
 
 Colour upon colour . . . affords but an ill blazon. 
 A metal may be placed upon a colour, or a colour 
 upon a metal, or either upon a fur, or a fur upon either ; 
 but to charge a field of any tincture with a bearing of a 
 tincture of the same class, i. e. a metal upon a metal, a 
 colour upon a colour, or a fur upon a fur, is false 
 heraldry. See p. 20. 
 
8o Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Ill, III; Wks, I, 170. 
 
 But now, put the case she should be passant when 
 you enter, as thus : you are to frame your gait thereafter, 
 and call upon her, "lady, nymph, sweet refuge, star of our 
 court." Then, if she be guardant here, you are to come 
 on If regardant, then maintain your station. . . . 
 
 Passant. Walking toward the dexter side of the 
 shield, facing toward the same direction. See p. 33. 
 
 Guardant. As above, but with the head turned 
 toward the spectator. See page 34. 
 
 Regardant. The same, but with the head turned 
 back, as if looking over the shoulder toward the sinister. 
 Some modern manuals of heraldry, e. g. Planche, 2 define 
 regardant as synonymous with gardant, full-faced ; but in 
 Jonson's day, the weight of authority was against this. 
 Legh. Feme, Bolton, Guillim, and Carter, either in their 
 text or in their illustrations distinguish between the two 
 positions. I reproduce, Figure' 16, Legh's text and 
 illustrations on this point. Incidentally, his drawings 
 will illustrate the three terms used by Johnson in the 
 passage we are considering. See also, p. 34. 
 
 THE DEVIL IS AN ASS. 
 Requires no annotation. 
 
 EPICCENE, OR THE SILENT WOMAN. 
 
 I, I; Wks, I, 411. Henry, I, IV, 36-45. 
 
 LA-FoOLE. They all come out of our house, the 
 La-Fooles of the north, the La-Fooles of the west, the 
 La-Fooles of the east and south we are as ancient a 
 family as any is in Europe but I myself am descended 
 lineally of the French La-Fooles and we do bear for our 
 coat yellow, or OR, checkered AZURE, and GULES, and 
 
 2 Planch*. 108, 202. 
 
of/irmorj 
 
 The fielde is Argent, two 
 Lions paffant, Geules.' 
 V Vhiche is fo muchc to.bc 
 yndcrftandcd, as going/. 
 For fohee keepethaiodoi 
 rate pace. 
 
 Hoc bear eth Azure ewoe 
 Lyons paffaunt regardant, 
 Or. Although thefeLy- 
 ons arc contrarye to there 
 qualiticjyet is ithonorablc 
 to the bearer,of them* 
 
 The fieldc Geules twoe de- 
 
 mie Lyons paflant, gardat, 
 
 Or. 
 
 Some haue thought , that 
 
 thefe Lions be regardaunt, 
 
 whereof byr proofe, you lee 
 
 the contrary^ 
 
 He 
 
 FIGURE 16. 
 
 PASSANT, GUARDANT, AND REGARDANT. 
 FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576, FOLIO 48 A. 
 
82 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 some three or four colours more, which is a very noted 
 coat, and has sometimes been solemnly worn by divers 
 nobility of our house but let that go, antiquity is not 
 respected now. 
 
 Bear. To display or exhibit heraldically, of right. 
 See p. 13. 
 
 Coat. Coat of arms ; heraldic achievement. 
 Or. The heraldic metal Gold, sometimes repre- 
 sented by yellow. See p. 15. 
 
 Checkered, fchequy, or checquy ; divided into small 
 squares of alternate tinctures, as in a chess board. See 
 the Frontispiece and Figure 18. 
 
 Azure. The heraldic colour Blue. See p. 15. 
 Gules. The Heraldic colour Red. See p. 15. 
 And some three or four colours more. The other 
 heraldic colours are sable (black), vert (green), purpure 
 (purple or violet), tenne (orange), and sanguine (murrey 
 or blood-color). See p. 15. 
 
 A very noted coat. Fool's motley. Cf . the more 
 elaborate motley of Sogliardo, Every Man Out of His 
 Humour, III, I ; Wks. I, 100. See also Figure 18, 
 beyond. 
 
 Ill, II ; Wks, I, 433. Henry, III, VII, 41-42. 
 CLERIMONT. Would that this had lasted a little 
 longer. 
 
 TRUEWIT. And that they had sent for the heralds. 
 Sent for the heralds. The purpose in sending for 
 the heralds, it would seem, would be to settle the dispute 
 between Mistress Otter and Mistress Dol. Mavis, as to 
 which should take precedence in going in to dinner ; but 
 Dr. Aurelia Henry, in her edition of this play, appears 
 to hold that the purpose was to increase the noise made 
 by the musicians earlier in the scene. She quotes, from 
 The Staple of News, I, II, the passage in which the 
 
Every Man In His Humour. 83 
 
 trumpeting of the heralds is called "noise that is super- 
 fluous," and then remarks: "The heralds at arms were 
 originally announcers of important news of any kind, and 
 called the attention of the populace to themselves by 
 blowing upon their horns." 3 
 
 IV, II; Wks, I, 448. Henry, IV, V, 325-7. 
 
 He will . . . make you bear a blow over the mouth 
 GULES, and tweaks by the nose SANS NOMBRE. 
 
 That this passage is a play upon the heraldic terms 
 "bear," "gules," and "sans nombre," should be sufficiently 
 evident. Dr. Henry, however, offers for this passage 
 the following delightful gloss: "Gules, n. gullet. 
 4.5.326." Of course! 
 
 Bear. To display or exhibit heraldically, of right. 
 See p. 13. 
 
 Gules. The heraldic colour Red. See p. 15. 
 
 Sans nombre. Without number, unnumbered. 
 Some authorities, e.g. Bolton, make a distinction 
 between "sans nombre" and "semee," powdered, sown. 
 In a field charged with fleurs-de-lis sans nombre, each 
 fleur-de-lis would be entire ; but in a field semee of 
 fleurs-de-lis, as in the ancient arms of France, s the 
 edges of the field would be bounded by half lilies, as if 
 some, overlapping the edges, had been partly trimmed 
 away. This distinction, recognized in Jonson's day, 
 lends additional significance to Jonson's choice of words 
 in the phrase "tweaks by the nose sans nombre." 
 Clearly, none of the tweaking was to be done by halves. 
 
 EVERY MAN IN HIS HUMOUR. 
 
 Dedication ; Wks, I, 1. 
 
 To the most learned, and my honoured friend, Master 
 Camden, Clarcncieux. 
 
 3 Henry 218. * Bolton: Elements of Armory, 1610, p. 176-197. 5 See p. 31-32. 
 
84 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Clarencieux. One of the three kings of arms, and 
 the second highest officer of the Heralds' College. He 
 has heraldic jurisdiction over "the east, west, and south 
 partes of England, from the Rix r er Trent southward." 
 See p. 62. 
 
 Master Camden. William Camden, Esq., (1551- 
 1623) was appointed to the Heralds' College in 1597. 
 From 1575 to 1593 he had been second master of 
 Westminster School ; and since the latter date, its head- 
 master. As historian and antiquary, he had won deserved 
 fame by the publication of his Britannia, 1586. He 
 possessed, however, no special fitness for the post of 
 Clarencieux ; and this fact, together with the circum- 
 stances of his appointment, aroused the immediate 
 enmity of his colleagues. 
 
 Camden entered the College at a moment of high 
 internal dissention. The day. of his appointment, 
 October 22, 1597, was the day on which Elizabeth's two 
 commissioners, Lord Burleigh and Lord Howard of 
 Effingham, took action to suppress a long-standing and 
 scandalous dispute between two factions of the College. 6 
 Indeed, Camden's appointment seems almost like the 
 introduction of new blood as a measure of reform. The 
 time of his admission, therefore, was especially unfortu- 
 nate. He was the more unwelcome to his new colleagues 
 because, notwithstanding his vastly superior learning, he 
 was, from the heraldic point of view, a layman, admittedly 
 ignorant of the lore pertaining to his office. And in 
 addition to all this, they were indignant that, not content 
 with admitting him to a lower grade, the Commissioners 
 immediately advanced Camden, over the heads of heralds 
 long in service, to the office next to the highest in the 
 college. How these jealous and disappointed heralds 
 
 * Noble, 160. 
 
Every Man In His Humour. 85 
 
 viewed this swift promotion may be inferred from their 
 protest against a similar appointment proposed a few 
 years later : "that it was contrary to all order of the 
 office, there having been no precedent of the like since 
 their first incorporation, and a great wrong and disgrace 
 to them, that a man who had never been employed in 
 her Majesty's service one day should go over so many 
 that had spent both their youth and wealth in her 
 service." ? To the principle here implied, that a king of 
 arms must first have been a herald, the Commissioners 
 who chose Camden as Clarencieux nominally conformed ; 
 for they appointed him Richmond herald before they 
 made him a king of arms. But as the first appointment 
 was made on October 22d, and the second on October 
 23d, 8 we may well doubt whether the indignation of 
 Camden's new subordinates was materially decreased. 9 
 
 Their enmity first appeared in the attack which 
 Ralph Brooke, or Brookesmouth, York herald, began 
 upon Camden in 1599. Desiring to show Camden's 
 unfitness for heraldic employment, Brooke selected for 
 attack certain genealogies appended to the fourth edition 
 of Camden's Britannia, 1594; and concerning these he 
 published in 1599, without date, A Discoverie of ccrlaine 
 Errours published in print in the much commended 
 
 7 This protest quoted by Noble, page 236-7, was against the proposed ap- 
 pointment of Richard St. George to the post of Norroy king of arms, in the 
 closing years of the reign of queen Elizabeth. A century later, the protests of 
 the heralds in a similar case were less successful. According to Dallaway, page 
 351, "Sir John Vanbrugh [the architect and dramatist] was employed by Charles, 
 Earl of Carlisle, Deputy Earl Marshal, to build Castle Howard, in Yorkshire, 
 and received as a compliment for his services the office of Clarencieux then 
 vacant. . . . Notwithstanding very spirited remonstrances, by the superceded 
 officers, against his appointment, he was confirmed in it, avowing ignorance of 
 his new profession and neglect of all its duties. . . . The protest and remon- 
 strance against his appointment may be seen in Anstis's Coll. V. 4. p. 270." 
 
 8 Noble 182. 
 
 9 The statement of Sir Nicolas Harris Nicholas, in his Mrmoir of 
 Augustine Vincent, 1827, page 28, that Camden was appointed "over the heads of 
 twelve out of the thirteen persons who formed the College of Arms," is incorrect. 
 In the first place, since Camden was appointed not to the first but to the second 
 
86 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Britannia, 1594, very prejudiciall to the Discentes and 
 Successions of the auncient Nobilitie of this Realme. 
 Camden replied to Brooke in the fifth edition of the 
 Britannia, 1600 ; and both men pursued the quarrel with 
 much bitterness until their deaths. Indeed, their quarrel 
 was not ended even then; for a century later, in 1723, 
 Anstis brought out a previously uppublished work by 
 Brooke, suppressed in their life-time by Camden's 
 influence, and in 1814, Isaac D'Israeli, in his Quarrels of 
 Authors, made a> further plea for' Brooke. However 
 unfortunate for its authors, the Brooke-Camden contro- 
 versy had one good result : it caused a thorough 
 re-examination of much important geneological data, and 
 left the records of the principal families of England in 
 accurate form. I0 
 
 This controversy with Brooke, however, was not 
 Camden's only quarrel with his colleagues. Recognizing 
 his own lack of heraldic training, he was accustomed to 
 
 post among thirteen, he passed over the heads of but eleven, not twelve, mem- 
 bers. In the second place, as three offices below that which he received were 
 vacant at that time, he could have gone over, at most, but eight members instead 
 of twelve. The four offices then vacant were, first, that of Clarencieux king of 
 arms, by the death of Lee, September 23, 1597 ; second, that of Somerset herald, 
 by the promotion of Segar, 1593 ; third, that of Richmond herald, by the promo- 
 tion of Lee, 1594 ; and fourth, that of Windsor herald, by the death of Nicholas 
 Dethick, 1596. The three surviving heralds were presumably candidates for the 
 vacant office of Clarencieux ; but they were ignored in favor of Camden. To fill 
 the three vacant heraldships, the three senior pursuivants were promoted. The 
 three pursuivantships thus opened, were filled by the appointment of men from 
 without the College. All these changes were made October 22d and 23d, 1597. I 
 have gathered these facts from the biographical sketches of the several men con- 
 cerned, in Noble, pages 168-188. 
 10 The following is a partial bibliography of the Brooke-Camden controversy : 
 
 Camden: Britannia, sive flo> entissimontm Regnorum Angliae, Scotiae, 
 Hibrrniae, ft Insularum adjacentium ex inlima antiquitate Chorographica 
 Descriptio. 1586, 1587, 1500, 1594, 1600, 1607 ; also in English, 1610, 1637, etc. With 
 reference to the controversy, the editions of 1594 and 1600 are most important. 
 
 Brooke : A Discoverie of eertaine Errours published in print in the much 
 commended Britannia, 1594, very prejudiciall to the Discentes and Successions of 
 the auncient Nobilitie of this Realme. 1599, without date . 
 
 Brooke: A Catalogue and Succession of the Kings, Princes, Dukes, Marqu- 
 fw, Earles, and Viscounts of the Realme of England since the Norman Conquest 
 
Every Man In His Humour. 87 
 
 employ minor officers of the College as his deputies in 
 heraldic Visitations. In 1619, certain of his ill-wishers 
 in the College complained to the Earl of Arundel, (at 
 that time one of the Commissioners), that Camden's 
 appointment of deputies was without right. On this 
 point, Camden was able to show legal authority ; " but 
 four years later the complaint was revived in a new form, 
 objection to the conduct of the deputies whom Camden 
 had selected. Camden himself seems to have been none 
 too certain of their fidelity ; for in a letter to Sir Robert 
 Cotton, he expressed the fear that his deputies might 
 defraud him of his fees. He wrote : 
 Sr, 
 
 With much griefe I understand some complaint 
 have lately come to the right noble Lord the Earl 
 Marshall, the chiefe guide of our Office, touching some 
 such as were deput for mee in this yeeres Visitation. I 
 hope his Lordshipp will excuse mee, that by reason of 
 
 to this present ytare 1619. Together with their Armes, Wives, and Children, the 
 
 times of their deaths and burials, with any other memorable actions, collected by 
 Raphe Brooke, Esquire, Yorke Herauld, Discouering and Reforming many errors 
 committed by men of other Prof essions and lately published in Print to the great 
 wronging of the Nobility and prejudice of his Majestie's Officers of Armes who are 
 onely appointed and sworne to dealf faithfully in these causes. 
 
 Brooke : The same, to this present yeare 1622. 
 
 Augustine Vincent : Discoverie of Errours in the first edition of Catalogue 
 of Nobility published by Ralfe Brooke, Yorke Herald, ... at the end whereof is 
 annexed a Review of a later edition by him Stolne into the World, 1621. London 
 1622. 
 
 Brooke and Camden: A Discoverie of certaine Errovrs published in print 
 in the much commended Britannia. 1594. Very prejudiciall to the Discentes and 
 Successions of the auncient Nobilitie of this Realme. By Ralphe Brooke, Yorke 
 HcrauU at Armes. Quam qnisque nortt artem, in hoc se exerceat. To which is 
 added (he learned Mr. Camden's Answer to this Book. London, ... M. DCC. 
 XXIII. 
 
 Brooke: A Second Discovery of Errors. "Published from the manuscript 
 by Anstis in 1723." D. N. B. 
 
 Isaac D'Israeli : Quarrels of Authors : or some memoirs of our literary 
 history, including specimens of controversy to the reign of Elizabeth. By the author 
 of "Calamities of Authors." In three volumes . Vol. III. ... London. ... 1814, 
 "Camden and Brooke," pages 160-200. 
 
 Nicholas: Memoir of Augustine Vincent, Windsor Herald. By Nicholas 
 Harris Nicholas, Esq. fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. London. . . . 1827. 
 11 See letters quoted by Noble, 204-5-6. 
 
88 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 my infirmity cannot in person attend that service, and 
 the election of Ministers not beinge left to mee but 
 limited to those of the Office, I am constrayned to use 
 noe other. If they be not so fayre in their cariages as 
 they should, it is not myne but the fault of them that 
 placed them in their roomes. I intreat you (as the 
 deerest of all my friends) to be my just advocate unto 
 the noble person, whose birth and merrit I hold ever 
 sacred to me above all others. Anfl since I perceave 
 that -my selfe shall have but hard measure from them in 
 accoumpt of fees due to mee, and my infirmity barreth 
 mee to stirr in^my owne right, let mee pray you, with 
 my good friend and yours Sir Henry Boucher, joyne to 
 take the accoumpts, and if you finde any bad cariage by 
 them to me or the Publick, to offer up my humble 
 complaynt to my good lord the Earle Marshall, and 
 what you too shall therein doe, I shall accoumpt by my 
 selfe done. And will ever as I have beene, remayne 
 Your most affectionate 
 
 WilTm Camden, Clarencieux. 
 Chiselherst. 
 
 22th October, 
 1623. " 
 
 Two months before Camden died, but after the 
 shock of August i8th, which was the beginning of the 
 end, a Patent dated September I7th, 1623, designated 
 Sir Richard St. George as Clarencieux in Camden 's 
 stead. IJ The ceremony of creation was performed 
 December 23d. Camden died November iQth, 1623. 
 In view of his unfortunate relations with his colleagues, 
 it is pleasing to note in his will the f ollowing bequests : 
 
 "Item, to every one of the fix Herarlds fower pounds. 
 
 "Item, to every Purfivant ordinarie and extraordin- 
 arie, two pounds." I4 
 
 To his successor in the office of Clarencieux, he left 
 his official library. '* 
 
 12 Ellis : Original Letters of Eminent Literary Men, 126-27. '* To this, Cam- 
 den refers in a letter of October 23d. '* Hearne, 1720, p. 278. Hearne 
 prints the will entire, pages 276-80. '5 Ibid, 279. 
 
Every Man Out of His Humour. 89 
 
 I, HI; Wks, I, 10-11. 
 
 MATHEW. Thy lineage, Monsieur Cob! what 
 lineage? what lineage? 
 
 COB. Why, sir, an ancient lineage, and a princely. 
 Mine ance'try came from a kings belly, no worse man ; 
 and yet no man neither, by your worship's leave, I did lie 
 in that, but herring the king of fish, (from his belly I 
 proceed,) one of the monarchs of the world, I assure you. 
 The first red herring that was broiled in Adam and 
 Eves kitchen, do I fetch my pedigree from, by the harrofs 
 book. His cob was my great, great, mighty great 
 grandfather. 
 
 Harrot. Herald. For the duties of the heralds in 
 recording pedigrees, see p. 64 and 68. 
 
 EVERY MAN OUT OF HIS HUMOUR. 
 
 I, I; Wks, I, 75. 
 
 SOGLIARDO. Nay, my humour is not for boys, I'll 
 keep men, an I keep any ; and I'll give coats, that's my 
 humour : but I lack a cullisen. 
 
 CARLO. Why, now you. ride to the city you may biiy 
 one ; I'll bring you where you shall have your choice for 
 money. 
 
 SOG. Can you, sir? 
 
 CAR. O, ay: you shall have one take measure of 
 you, and make you a coat of arms to fit yoii, of what 
 fashion you will. 
 
 SOG. By word of mouth, I thank you, signior: I'll 
 be once a little prodigal in a humour, i' faith, and have a 
 most prodigious coat. 
 
 MACILENTE. Torment and death! . . . these 
 
 mushroom gentlemen, 
 That shoot up in a night to place and worship. 
 
90 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Give coats. Here, give liveries. 
 
 Cullisen. Cullison, cognizance, badge. See p. 58. 
 
 You may buy one. The kings of arms, who were 
 the three chief officers of the Heralds' College, had 
 authority to grant arms and crests "to perfons of abilitye 
 deferving well of the Prince and commonwealth." l6 In 
 Jonson's day, however, they had 1 sadly abused this 
 privilege. See pp. 66-7. 
 
 H, I ; Wks, \ 90. 
 
 SOGLIARDO. You shall have me at the heralds office, 
 sir, for some week or so, at my first coming up. 
 
 The Heralds' Office. See next passage. 
 
 H, II ; Wks, I, 95. 
 
 FUNGOSO. If any body ask for mine uncle Sogliardo, 
 they shall have him at the heralds' office yonder, by 
 Pauls. 
 
 The Heralds' Office. From 1555 to 1666, the 
 Heralds' Office was Derby House, a building presented 
 to the College by Philip and Mary. This building, 
 erected by Thomas Stanley, the second earl of Derby of 
 that name, had passed by mortgage to Sir Richard 
 Sackville, and from him by sale to Thomas, Duke of 
 Norfolk, the Earl Marshal. He, says Dallaway, "trans- 
 ferred it to the crown, and it was regranted by charter of 
 Philip and Mary to Sir Gilbert Dethick, Garter, and his 
 associates in office, July 18, 1555." 17 A copy of this 
 "Grant by Philip and Mary of Darby-Houfe to the Ufe 
 of the faid Corporation, for their Office" is included in 
 the so-cailed sixth edition of Guillim. l8 As Derby House 
 was in the immediate neighborhood of St. Paul's 
 Cathedral, it is, undoubtedly, the building referred to in 
 this passage as "yonder, by Paul's." ^ 
 
 16 Thynne : A Discourse of the Dutye and Office of an Heraulde of Armes, 1605 ; 
 in Hearne, 1720, p. 252-4. 17 Dallaway, 188-9. "Guillim, 1724: "The 
 Second Part of Honour Civil", 57 et seq. ' See also, Noble, xlii. Of 
 
Every Man Out of His Humour. 91 
 
 III, I ; Wks, I, 96. 
 
 CARLO. I came from him but now; he is at the 
 heralds office yonder; he requested me to go afore, and 
 take up a man or two for him in Paul 's, against his 
 cognisance was ready. 
 
 PUNTARVOLO. What, lias he purchased arms, then? 
 
 CAR. Ay, and rare ones too ; of as many colours as 
 ever you saw any fool's coat in your life. I'll go look 
 among yond bills, an I can Jit him ivith legs to his arms. 
 
 PUNT. With legs to his arms ! Good ! 
 
 The heralds' office. See the note on the previous 
 passage. 
 
 Cognizance. Badge, cullisen, cullison ; see p. 58. 
 
 Purchased. Cf. note on "You may buy one," Act 
 I, sc. I. See also, p. 66. 
 
 Arms. A complete coat of arms, or heraldic 
 achievement, consists regularly of the escutcheon, or 
 shield, with the crest and other accessories according to 
 the rank of the bearer. See Chapter V., entire. Among 
 the accessories may be marshalled the badge, or 
 cognizance, as are the rose and the crampette in the 
 achievement of Sir Thomas West, Baron Grisley, 
 Figure 15. A badge, or cognizance, as I have said 
 before, was a device worn by all the followers of a house ; 
 the family arms, however, might be borne undifferenced 
 only by the head of the house, and, with differences, 
 only by members of the family. Arms and cognizances, 
 therefore, must not be confused. 
 
 Colours. Here used in the popular sense, not in the 
 technical sense of one of the three classes of heraldic 
 
 the destruction and rebuilding of Derby House in 1666, Dallaway says : 
 "In the general conflagration of the city of London, Derby-House, in which 
 the heralds resided, was destroyed, and the present commodious structure 
 was erected by the munificence of the nobility, assisted by the members of 
 the college, particularly by Sir William Dugdale. Ashmole and Sanford 
 gave copies of pedigrees to those who contributed to its completion, and a 
 large sum of money was collected in pursuance of this plan." Dallaway, 289. 
 
92 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 tinctures. See the blazon of this coat, below. 
 
 Fool's coat. An obvious pun upon the motley of 
 the licensed fool. 
 
 Ill, I; Wks, I, 100. 
 
 SOGLIARDO. By this parchment, gentlemen, I have 
 been so toiled among the harrots yonder t you will not 
 believe ! they do speak in the strangest language, and 
 give a man the hardest terms for his money, that ever 
 you knew. 
 
 CARLO. Buf have you arms, have you arms f 
 
 SOG. r faith, I thank them ; I can write myself 
 gentleman now ; heres my patent, it cost me thirty pound, 
 by this breath. 
 
 PUNTARVOLO. A vety fair coat, well charged, and 
 full of armory. 
 
 SOG. Nay, it has as much variety of colours in it 
 as you }iave seen a coat have. . . 
 
 Harrots. H eralds . 
 
 Yonder. "At the heralds' office yonder, by Paul's." 
 See p. 90. 
 
 Gentleman. A man entitled to coat-armour ; "arma 
 gerens," in the words of Lord Chief Justice Coke. A 
 man above the rank of yeoman and below that of esquire ; 
 or, in a larger sense, any man above the rank of yeoman, 
 including not only the gentry and the nobility, but even 
 the king himself. 
 
 My patent, it cost me thirty pound. The king of 
 arms in his province "hath authoritye to give Armes and 
 Crefts to perfons of ability, . . . they to have fuch 
 graunts by Patent under the Scale of the Office of the 
 King of Armes, and to pay therefore the Fees 
 accuftomed." 20 
 
 Charged. Bearing charges, or heraldic devices. 
 See p. 26. 
 
 20 Thynne's Discourse, quoted more fully on page 65. 
 
Every Man Out of His Humour. 93 
 
 Colours. Here again, the word "Colours" is used in 
 the non-heraldic sense. The technical equivalent would 
 be "tinctures," including the three classes, "metals," 
 "colours," and "furs." See pp. 14-15. 
 
 Ill, I; Wks, I, 100. (Passage continued.) 
 
 SOG. How like you the crest, sirf 
 
 PUNT. / understand it not well, what ist ? 
 
 SOG. Marry, sir, it is your boar without a head, 
 rampant. A boar without a head, that's very rare ! 
 
 CAR. Ay, and rampant too ! troth, I commend the 
 herald's wit, he has decy p here d him well: a swine with- 
 out a head, without brain, wit, anything indeed, ramping 
 to gentility. 
 
 Crest. That heraldic emblem which, in a complete 
 coat of arms, is borne, upon a wreath or coronet, above 
 the helmet which, in turn, surmounts the shield. See 
 p. 50, and Figures 14, 15, and 18. 
 
 Boar. In heraldry, one of the common charges, 
 representing the wild beast of that name, and usually 
 blazoned as passant, i. e., walking, with the head in 
 profile, as in the crest in the "Achievement of a Knight," 
 Fig- 14, P- 53- 
 
 Without a head. Compare, Webster, The Duchess 
 of Malfi, IV, II : "You do give for your creast a wood- 
 cockes head, with the braines pickt out on't ; you are a 
 very ancient gentleman." 
 
 Ay, and rampant too ! Rampant means standing 
 upon the hind legs, as the lion in Figure 5, p. 25. See 
 also p. 53. "And here," says Legh, "you mail have one 
 rule, you mail not fet forth any beaft in Armes, to do 
 anything againft his kind, as a horfe to Rampe." " A 
 swine, . . . ramping to gentility ! 
 
 21 Legh, Fol.53b. 
 
94 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 HI, I ; Wks, I, 100. (Passage continued.) 
 
 CAR. You can blazon the rest, signior, can you not ! 
 
 SOG. O, ay, I have it in writing here of purpose ; it 
 costs me two shillings the tricking. 
 
 CAR. Lef's hear, lefs hear. 
 
 PUNT. It is the most vile, foolish, absurd, palpable, 
 and ridiculous escutcheon that ever this eye survised. . . . 
 
 SOG. (reads.) "Gyrony of eight pieces, azure and 
 gules ; between three plates, a chevron engrailed checquy, 
 or, vert, and ermtns ; on a chief argent, between two 
 ann'lets sable, a boar's head, proper." 
 
 CAR. How's that ! on a chief argent ? 
 
 SOG. (reads.) "On a chief argent, a boars head, 
 proper, between two ann'lets sable'' 
 
 CAR. ' Slud, it's a hog's cheek and puddings in a 
 pewter field, this 
 
 SOG. How like you them, signior f 
 
 PUNT. Let the word be, NOT WITHOUT MUSTARD : 
 your crest is very rare, sir. 
 
 CAR. A frying-pan to the crest had had no fellow. 
 
 Blazon. To describe in technical heraldic language, 
 as in the passage, "Gyrony of eight pieces, ... " etc. ; 
 popularly confused with the verb to emblazon, meaning 
 to decorate with heraldic figures in colours. See p. 16. 
 
 The tricking. A drawing of a coat of arms in outline 
 with pen and ink, with the tinctures indicated merely by 
 abbreviations, as in Figure 17. See also p. 19. 
 
 Escutcheon. The shield, which constitutes the 
 principal element in a complete coat of arms, and around 
 which are marshalled the helm, crest, mantlings, 
 supporters, motto, and so forth. 
 
 Gyrony of eight pieces. A field divided into eight 
 triangles meeting at the center, and alternating in 
 tincture as specified. See p. 24, and the ninth shield in 
 Figure 4. 
 
Every Man Out of His Humour 
 
 95 
 
 FIGURE 17. 
 
 TRICKING OF THE ARMS OF SOGLIARDO. 
 ARMS: GVRONY OK EIGHT PIECES, AZURE AND GULES; BETWEEN THREE 
 
 PLATES, A CHEVRON ENGRAILED CHECQUY, OR, VERT, AND 
 
 ERMINS ; ON A CHIEF ARGENT, BETWEEN TWO ANN'LETS 
 
 SABLE. A BOAR'S HEAD PROPER. CREST: A 
 
 BOAR WITHOUT A HEAD, RAMPANT. 
 
 Every Man Out of ffis Humour, III, I. 
 
96 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Azure. The heraldic colour Blue. See p. 15. 
 
 Gules. The heraldic colour Red. See p. 15. 
 
 Plates. Roundels argent ; circular-shaped charges, 
 of silver. See p. 34. 
 
 Chevron. One of the nine Honourable Ordinaries, 
 shaped like an inverted letter "V." See p. 28, and the 
 seventh shield in Figure 6. Peadham says that the 
 Chevron represents "the rafter of an houfe. Howbeit it 
 be a very honorable bearing, yet it is never feene in the 
 coate of a King or Prince becauf e it pertaineth to a 
 Mechanicall profeffion." " 
 
 Engrailed. Bounded by lines composed of a succes- 
 sion of concave curves. 
 
 Checquy. Divided into small squares of alternate 
 tinctures, as in a chess-board. Compare the arms of 
 La-Foole, p. 80 ; and see the Frontispiece and Figure 18. 
 
 Or. The heraldic metal Gold. See p. 15. 
 
 Vert. The heraldic colour Green. See p. 15. 
 
 Ermins. The heraldic fur, black with white spots ; 
 as distinguished from Ermine, white fur with black 
 spots, and from Erminois, black fur with gold spots. 
 See p. 15. 
 
 Chief. One of the nine Honourable Ordinaries, 
 consisting of the upper third of the field. See p. 27 and 
 the second shield in Figure 6. According to Peacham, 
 "The Chief e is fo called of the French word Chief e, and 
 that from the Greek KttjtaXr), which is the head or upper 
 part." 2 s Perhaps, then, Jonson would imply that, 
 though Sogliardo is not literally headless, yet his head 
 contains nothing better than hog's cheek and puddings 
 served in pewter. 
 
 12 Peacham: The Gentleman's Exercise, 1634, p. 146. 23 Peacham: The Corn- 
 pleat Gentleman, p. 436. Peacham's Greek is open to amendment, but I 
 have let it stand. 
 
Every Man Out of His Humour. 
 
 97 
 
 FIGURE 18. 
 
 THE ARMS OF SOGLIARDO. 
 ARMS: GYRONY OF EIGHT PIECES, AZURE AND GULES ; BETWEEN THREE 
 
 PLATES, A CHEVRON ENGRAILED CHECQUY, OR, VERT, AND 
 
 ERMINS ; ON A CHIEF ARGENT, BETWEEN TWO ANN'LBTS 
 
 SABLE, A BOAR'S HEAB PROPER. CREST: A 
 
 BOAR WITHOUT A HEAD, RAMPANT. 
 
 Every Man Out of His Humour, III, I, 
 
98 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Argent. The heraldic metal Silver. See p. 15. 
 
 Armlets. Annulets, rings ; sometimes blazoned as 
 "false roundels." See p. 30. 
 
 Sable. The heraldic colour Black. Seep. 15. 
 
 Proper. In its natural colors. See p. 18. 
 
 The word. The motto, usually placed in a scroll 
 below the shield. See p. 52. 
 
 Summary : The Arms of Sogliardo. See Figure 18. 
 
 In Sogliardo^ Jonson drew "an. essential clown, . . . 
 so enamoured of the name of a gentleman that he will 
 have it though he buys it." The heralds took measure 
 of him, and made him a coat of arms to fit. Had they 
 given him for a crest a boar passant, such as that in the 
 "Achievement of a Knight," Figure 14, their selection 
 would have had no special meaning. But when they 
 gave him a boar without a head, ay, and rampant too, 
 a position highly improper for a boar, whether hi heraldry 
 or in society, then immediately they made the crest 
 significant. That Jonson intended the boar's head and 
 annulets on a chief argent to be interpreted as "hog's 
 cheek and puddings in a pewter field," appears from 
 Carlo's comment. Less evident is the possible signifi- 
 cance of their position ; yet, in view of the derivation of 
 the term "chief" cited above, Jonson may well have 
 purposed some satiric implication as to the content of 
 Sogliardo 's head. As for the rest of this escutcheon, 
 the gyrony of eight pieces charged with three plates and 
 a chevron checquy, is but an elaborate motley "of as 
 many colours as ever you saw any fool's coat in your 
 life." Lest the student should fail to visualize this 
 medley, I present, as Figure 18, a drawing of the arms. 
 The whole passage is a satire upon the granting of arms 
 to the unworthy, "these mushroom gentlemen, that 
 shoot up in a night to place and worship." 
 
 E. M. O., "The Character of the Persons ;" Wks, I, 63. 
 
The New Inn. 99 
 
 THE MAGNETIC LADY. 
 
 Requires no annotation. 
 
 MORTIMER, THE FALL OF. 
 Requires no annotation. 
 
 THE NEW INN. 
 
 II, II; Wks, II, 354. 
 
 They relish not the gravity of an host 
 Who should be king at arms, and ceremonies, 
 In his own house. 
 
 King at arms. An heraldic officer of the highest 
 grade. In Jonson's day, as now, the three kings of arms 
 in the Heralds' College were entitled Garter, Clarencieux, 
 and Norroy. Their duties as C&remoniarum miniftri 
 are enumerated in my quotation from Dodridge, page 64. 
 The other heraldic passages in this play require no 
 annotation. For the sake of completeness, however, I 
 have included them in my Heraldic Concordance, 
 beyond. 
 
 THE POETASTER. 
 
 I, I; Wks, I, 212. 
 
 They [ the actors ] forget they are in the statute, the 
 rascals; they arc blazoned there ; there they are tricked, 
 they and their pedigrees ; they need no other heralds, I 
 wiss. 
 
 Blazoned. Described in heraldic language. See p. 
 16. Dr. H. S. Mallory, in his edition of the Poetaster, 
 p. 149, corrects Gifford's note that "To blazon is to set 
 forth a coat of arms in its proper colours." 
 
 Tricked. Drawn in outline. See p. 19. 
 
 II, I; Wks, I, 218. 
 
 CRISPINUS. Yet, I pray you, vouchsafe the sight of 
 my arms, mistress ; for I bear them about me to have 
 
loo Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 them seen. My name is CRISPINUS, or CRI-SPINAS 
 indeed ; which is well expressed in my arms: a face 
 crying in chief ; and beneath it a bloody toe, between three 
 thorns pungent. 
 
 In chief. Within the upper third of the shield ; but 
 not as in the arms of Sogliardo on a chief. See p. 23. 
 
 Pungent. "Pungent is to be taken literally : pierc- 
 ing. It is an imitation of such common heraldic words 
 as 'rampant' and 'couchant'." Mallory, 162. 
 
 The relation of the arms of Crispinus to the arms or 
 name of the poet Marston has called forth so much 
 discussion that I can do justice to it only by quotation. 
 
 Mr. F. G. Fleay accounts the bloody toe a pun upon 
 the name of Marston. "Marston as well as Crispinus is 
 here indicated. Mars is red or bloody (compare Mars 
 ochre} and toen is toes : together forming Marston." 2 * 
 
 Dr. B. Nicholson thinks the arms of Crispinus a 
 caricature of the arms of Marston. "Of all whom Jonson 
 attacked in his Poetaster, Marston was the only one of 
 gentle blood. Partly therefore the better to mark him 
 out, partly because Marston seems to have been fond of 
 parading it, and partly perhaps because Jonson would 
 exhibit him as a sorry specimen of his class, his gentility 
 is brought forward, frequently, prominently, and distinct- 
 ively. On the occasion in question, Crispinus, having 
 asserted it, says : 
 
 " 'You shall see mine arms if't please you, . . . 
 mistress, for I bear them about me, to have 'em seen : 
 my name is Crispinus, or Cri-spinas indeed ; which is 
 well exprest in my arms, a face crying, in chief ; and 
 beneath it, a bloody toe between three thorns pungent.' 
 
 "Now this latter part is merely a grotesque descrip- 
 tion of the true arms of Marston a fesse ermine between 
 
 Fleay: Shakespeare Manual, 1878, p. 312. 
 
The Poetaster. 101 
 
 three fleurs-de-lis argent. As, however, it would have 
 been too perilous in those days of old gentility to ridicule 
 too closely or markedly an honoured heraldic device, 
 Jonson, with viciously spiteful malice, added in chief 'a 
 face crying' and in so doing managed to mark out his 
 opponent more distinctively. It may have been sug- 
 gested to him by the long melancholy face of the grey- 
 hound which is, I believe, the Marston Crest ; but it 
 was an addition which became as it were a new and per- 
 sonal grant to the holder in recognition of his glorious 
 achievement, in that he, the upholder of the honour of an 
 old coat, had taken, like Decker, a public beating. ... " 26 
 
 The Rev. Alexander B. Grosart, in his edition of the 
 poems of Marston, declines to accept Dr. Nicholson's in- 
 genius explanation. He quotes a letter from Dr. 
 Nicholson in support of the theory that "the fesse 
 dancettee and three fleurs-de-lis in Marston 's arms gave 
 rise to Jonson's conceit and parody 'a bloody toe between 
 three thorns'/' and then he promptly dismisses the whole 
 argument with the two words "I doubt." 2 ? 
 
 Dr. H. S. Mallory, in his recent edition of the play, 
 states his own opinion thus : "Dr. Nicholson's conjec- 
 ture that the Marston arms did really suggest to Jonson 
 his 'canting coat' for Crispinus, is, considering Jonson's 
 love of accuracy in details and his fondness for pun and 
 allegory, quite reasonable far more so than Fleay's 
 guess. But it is likely that the possession of a basis in 
 fact was sufficient for Jonson, and that he was careless 
 whether more than a few wits in the audience even so 
 much as imagined the possibility of an explanation." 28 
 
 As for my own opinion on this matter, I hold Dr. 
 Nicholson's explanation to be improbable ; Mr. Fleay's 
 
 26 Notes and Queries: 4th Ser., VII, 469. 27 The Poems of John Marston . . . ed- 
 ited ... by the Rev. Alexander B, Grosart. ... fg??. Introduction, 
 p. v. 2S Mallory, 162. 
 
IO2 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 possible ; and a still simpler explanation to be more 
 reasonable than either. The first question is, has it been 
 proved that the poet and dramatist John Marston was 
 entitled to the arms described by Dr. Nicholson ? Dr. 
 Nicholson not only fails to cite his authorities, but is 
 somewhat indefinite in his blazon, especially as to the 
 crest. The dramatist, we know, wa the eldest son of 
 John Marston, Esq., who was the third son of Ralph 
 Marston of Hey ton, in Shropshire. Burke in his Ency- 
 clopedia of Heraldry, assigns to Marston of "Eastcot 
 and Heyton, co. Salop," ( i. e. Shropshire), the arms: 
 "Sa., a fesse dancettee erm., betw. three fleurs-de-lis ar.; 
 Crest A demi-greyhound sa., gorged with a collar 
 dancettee erm." Is this the coat that Dr. Nicholson 
 means ? With him rests the responsibility of definition. 
 Has the identity of the families been proved beyond dis- 
 pute ? The burden of proof rests with Dr. Nicholson. 
 
 But aside from the identity of the families, a second 
 question arises : Do these arms, either as blazoned by 
 Burke or as loosely described by Dr. Nicholson, really 
 resemble "a face crying in chief, and beneath it a bloody 
 toe, between three thorns pungent"? If Dr. Nicholson 
 has discovered a Marston crest that is literally the "long 
 melancholy face of a greyhound," then a portion of his 
 comparison will hold good; but a "demi-greyhound" is 
 not a greyhound's face, and moreover even the face of the 
 demi-greyhound would appear only in profile. And in 
 what does "Sable, a fesse dancettee ermine between 
 three fleurs-de-lis argent" resemble a bloody toe between 
 three thorns pungent ? Nowise in the tinctures ; nowise 
 in the form. Solely in the number and position of the 
 charges, a similarity common to many hundred coats. 
 Taken in its entiety, the arms of Crispinus have slight 
 resemblance to the arms of Marston. ( Figure 19). 
 
The Poetaster. 103 
 
 More probable, in my opinion, is the explanation of 
 Mr. Fleay. Mars is one of the heraldic terms for Gules, 
 red, (See p. 17) ; and if Jonson or any member of his 
 audience started out to pun upon the name of Marston, 
 he might well enough arrive at Mars-ton, Mars-toen, 
 Red-toe, Bloody-toe. If, as Dr. Mallory suggests, Jonson 
 was careless whether more than a few wits in the 
 audience should suspect the pun, then we may accept 
 this explanation of Mr. Fleay's as possible. The pun is, 
 at all events, perceptible ; the resemblance between 
 Crispinas" arms and Marston's is not. 
 
 FIGURE 19. 
 ALLEGED ARMS OF THE POET MARSTON. 
 
 Given, an audience expecting a satire upon Marston ; 
 construct arms and a name to fit the character. If this 
 was Jonson 's problem, his solution, in my opinion, may 
 have been as follows : The name of Marston may have 
 suggested the bloody toe, and that, in turn, the thorns 
 pungent. Marston's public whipping may, with greater 
 probability, have suggested the crying face. These 
 
IO4 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 arms once determined, the name follows. The thorns 
 and the crying face would suggest Cri-spinas, and thence, 
 Crispinus. 
 
 But are we certain that Jonson's satire ran so deep ? 
 May he not have chosen the name Crispinus at random, 
 and then have designed a "canting" coat to fit ? 
 
 V, I ; Wks, I, 253. 
 
 Does not Casar give the eagle ? 
 
 Give. Bear, as an heraldic device. See p. 13. 
 
 Eagle. See p. 31. 
 
 To interpret Caesar's eagle as an heraldic bearing is 
 quite in accord with the popular authorities of Jonson's 
 day. Modern investigators are content to ascribe the 
 origin of heraldry to the period of the crusades ; but my 
 authority Gerard Legh insists that the "lawes" of 
 "armorye . . . were before the fiege of Trove, as 
 appeareth in Deuteronomion. ... It muft bee very 
 auncient. For fielde and f eight cannot bee continued 
 without lawe, victorye alone being the lawemaker, who 
 was 900 yeres before the fiege of Troye. . . . Thaye 
 were warriours, and therefore saye I, bearers of armes." 2g 
 In further proof of this statement, Legh then blazons 
 with care the arms of the Nine Worthies, Josua, Hector, 
 David, Alexander, Judas Machabeus, Julius Cesar. King 
 Arthure, Charlemayne, and Syr Gwy, Earle of Warwicke. 
 "The fixte," he says, "was Julius Cefar, who bare Or, an 
 Eagle dif played with ii heddes Sable." ^ 
 
 THE SAD SHEPHERD. 
 
 Requires no annotation. 
 
 SEJANUS, HIS FALL. 
 Requires no annotation. 
 
 * Legh, Fol. 21 b. J - Legh, Fol. 22 b - 23 a. 
 
The Staple of News. 105 
 
 THE SILENT WOMAN. 
 See : Epicoene, or The Silent Woman. 
 
 THE STAPLE OF NEWS. 
 
 Dramatis Personae; Wks, II, 278. 
 
 Piedmantle, pursuivant at arms and heraldet. 
 
 Pursuivant at arms. One of the four members of 
 the third, or lowest, grade in the Heralds' College. 
 See p. 62. 
 
 Piedmantle. In this character, Jonson satirizes the 
 unworthy element in the Heralds' College, not "their 
 callings, but their manners and their vices." *' The 
 name "Piedmantle" was obviously suggested by "Blue- 
 mantle," the title borne by one of the four pursuivants 
 of arms. That it was intended, however, as a personal 
 attack on Samson Lennard, the Blue-mantle pursuivant 
 of that day, does not follow. 
 
 I, II; Wks, II, 287-8. Winter, I, VI, 1-13. 
 
 PICKLOCK. How does the heir, bright Master 
 
 Penny boy ? 
 
 Is he awake yet in his one and twenty ? 
 Why, this is better far than to wear cypress, 
 Dull smutting gloves, or melancholy blacks, 
 And have a pair of twelvepenny broad ribands, 
 Laid out like labels. 
 
 PENNYBOY, JUN. I should have made shift, 
 To have laughed as heartily in my mourner s hood, 
 As in this suit, if it fiad pleased my father 
 To have been buried with the trttmpeters. 
 
 PICK. The heralds of arms, you mean. 
 
 P. JUN. I mean 
 All noise that is superfluous ! 
 
 PICK. All that idle pomp 
 And vanity of a tombstone, your wise father 
 Did by his will prevent. 
 
 3' S. of N., IV, I; Wks, H, 324. 
 
IO6 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Labels. That the word "labels" is here used in its 
 heraldic sense, as defined page 32, is possible, but not 
 inevitable. The word was applied, at this period, to the 
 ribbons pendant from various parts of the dress or from 
 a legal document. Still, in view of Jonson's immediate 
 mention of the heralds, four lines below, it is just possible 
 that he was thinking of the heraldic label. Whoever 
 prefers an heraldic interpretation may, if he likes, 
 advance this argument : the label, in heraldry, is the 
 difference of the eldest son, (See p. 35) ; and Picklock, 
 in addressing Pennyboy, has in mind this mark of 
 cadency, which Pennyboy, having just succeeded his 
 father late deceased, is now privileged to remove from 
 his escutcheon. 
 
 Buried with the trumpeters. The technical phrase, 
 as in the record quoted on page 71, is "buried with 
 heralds." 
 
 To superintend the burial of nobility and gentry, to 
 marshal the "hatchment" of the deceased, to act as 
 master of ceremonies at his funeral, and to record at the 
 Heralds' Office his name, titles, descent, marriage, and 
 issue, was one of the most important duties of the 
 officers of arms. For these services, their fees and their 
 incidental perquisites were large, and their monopoly 
 was jealously guarded. No wonder that Pennyboy and 
 others began to think that to be buried with heralds was 
 "noise that is superfluous" ! 
 
 In Chapter VI, I have quoted contemporary docu- 
 ments to show the duties of the heralds on these occa- 
 sions, the frequency of their services, and the high fees 
 which they exacted. I shall here present merely an 
 extract from Noble's History of the College of Arms to 
 show why, in this play, written between 1621 and 1626, 3I 
 
 32 See discussion of the date, Winter, xviii-xx. 
 
The Staple of News. 107 
 
 an attack upon heraldic funerals would seem, to Jonson's 
 audience, especially timely and agreeable : 
 
 "By an order of the Commissioners for executing the 
 office of Earl Marshal, made in the year 1618, a regula- 
 tion was made respecting the fees appointed to be paid 
 by all degrees to the officers at arms, for registering 
 their funeral certificates ; and the prices for all funeral 
 work were settled. . . . The splendor which had been 
 so great at funerals began to subside : the expense was 
 burdensome to the relatives. The custom of burying the 
 dead late in the evening succeeded it : alarmed at the 
 consequences, the kings, heralds, and pursuivants pre- 
 sented a petition to Dr. Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, 
 requesting that a stop might be put to the practice, 
 especially among the higher orders. . . . We have at 
 least one instance where the heralds obtained satisfaction 
 for a funeral being marshalled and ordered without their 
 knowledge or approbation ; for on January 19, 1618-19, 
 Lewis Conquest, the younger son of Conquest, ex- 
 ecutor of his will, and his eldest brother, were brought 
 before the delegates for the office of the Earl Marshal, 
 because they had set forth their father's funeral without 
 consulting the heralds and had placed the arms of the 
 defunct in the church ; for which the delegates, after 
 centuring, ordered them to pay ;io to the College, re- 
 pay the journey of York herald, 33 and give Clarencieux," 
 in whose province the funeral had been solemnized, 2." 3S 
 
 For a further discussion of heraldic funerals, see 
 pages 65-6 and pages 70-72. For a full description of an 
 heraldic funeral, see the ceremonial used when Edward, 
 Earl of Derby, was interred in 1574, from Anstis's Col- 
 lections ; Dallaway, 249 et seq. Dr. Winter's only 
 comment on this passage is in the following : 
 
 33 Ralph Brooke. * William Camden. Noble, 191-92. 
 
108 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 peters. Apparently, when a man of rank was buried with 
 ceremony, trumpeters were always a part of the proces- 
 sion. This passage is the only evidence I have found on 
 this point, however.''^ 6 
 
 II, I ; Wks, II, 292. Winter, II, II, 20-22. 
 
 PIEDMANTLE. Sir, an apprentice 
 In armory. I have read the Elements, 
 And Accidence, and all the leading books. 
 
 Armory. Heraldry ; or more exactly, that division 
 of the science of Heraldry that deals with the blazoning 
 and marshalling of arms. *~ 
 
 The Elements. This book is anonymous ; but its 
 dedication is signed with the initials "E. B.," and it 
 seems to have been ascribed without question to Edmond 
 Bolton. Camden, for example, refers in his Remains to 
 "Edmond Bolton who learnedly and judicioufly hath 
 difcovered the firft Elements of Armory." ^ Its title 
 page reads. The Elements of Armories. Quern Dixere 
 Chaos. At London, Printed by George Eld. 1610. 
 
 The Accidence. The title page of this book is an 
 elaborate "viniet," enclosing the words: The Accedens of 
 Armory. The preface is signed by "Gerard Legh," and 
 the author refers to himself by that name. In the edition 
 that I have used, the book ends with the words : 
 Imprynted at London in fietejlrrete within temple Barre 
 at the figne of the hand &ftarrc, by Richard Tottel, Anno 
 1576. The dates of the several editions are : 1 562, 1 568, 
 1572, 1576, 1591, 1597, and 1612. 39 
 
 Dr. Winter, in his note upon this passage, first 
 quotes the description of these two books from the 
 Dictionary of National Biography, and then adds : 
 
 3 - Winter. 147. 3 7 "Armory is an Art rightly prescribing the true Knowledge 
 and Use of Arms. ... This Skill of Armory consists in Blazoning and 
 Marshalling." Guillim, 1679, p. 8; 1724, p. I. 38 Camden: Remains Con- 
 cerning Britain. 1674; Reprint of 1870, p. 248. & D. N. B., xxxii, 420. 
 
The Staple of News. 109 
 
 "Probably Jonson mentions these two works not because 
 they were the prime authorities but because of the 
 obscurity of the one and the discursiveness of the other." 
 Dr. Winter may be correct in his opinion that Jonson is 
 here poking fun at Legh and Bolton ; but I question 
 whether many in his audience would deem these authors 
 fit subjects for a jest. Legh and Bolton were taken very 
 seriously in Jonson 's day. Legh's Accedens was, most 
 emphatically, a "prime authority." I have yet to find a 
 work on heraldry written in this period that does not cite 
 Legh frequently and with respect. As for Bolton's 
 Elements, Sir William Segar, Garter king of arms, the 
 ranking officer of the Heralds' College, called this book, 
 under date of April I4th, 1610, "abfolutely the beft of 
 any in that kind ;" and Camden wrote, June nth, 1609, 
 "I affure you, . . . you haue with that Judicious learn- 
 ing & infight handled Armorie, the fubiect of my 
 profeffion, that I cannot but approue it, as both learnedly 
 and diligently difcouered." These quotations, to be sure, 
 are from letters to the author prefixed to the book in 
 question ; but that Camden, at least, expressed his real 
 opinion, is evident from the passage that I quoted above 
 from his Remains. And as for Jonson, would he have 
 poked fun at the friend who had contributed compli- 
 mentary verses in Latin for his Volpone, 1605 ? 
 
 II, I ; Wks, II, 292. Winter, II, II, 39-41. 
 
 BROKER. . . . Sir, you may see 
 How for your love and this so pure complexion 
 (A perfect sangtiine) I have ventured thus. 
 
 Sanguine. On this passage, Dr. Winter remarks : 
 "Broker refers to Pyedmantle's gown. Probably, as the 
 specific this suggests, he touches the garment. The 
 tincture vert is indicated by diagonal lines crossing the 
 field or surface of the escutcheon, from dexter chief to 
 
no 
 
 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 sinister base, and the tincture purpnre by diagonal lines 
 from sinister chief to dexter base ; the combination of the 
 two indicates the tincture murrey or sanguine, once used 
 occasionally, but now discarded in most countries. 
 Piedmantle's gown is variegated in green and purple 
 squares to represent the tincture sanguine. Hence also 
 his name. Probably, too, there is a personal reference. 
 Perhaps some prominent herald of the day was of a 
 sanguine complexion." 4 
 
 This note of T)r. Winter's is such midsummer mad- 
 ness that I scarcely know what to say of it. In the first 
 place, what of his logic ? His premise is correct ; it is 
 true that, in modern usage, dexter diagonal lines indicate 
 vert, or green, that sinister diagonal lines indicate 
 purpure, or purple, and that a combination of the two 
 
 FIGURE 20. 
 
 MODERN DEVICE FOR REPRESENTING VERT, 
 AND SANGUINE. 
 
 PURPURE, 
 
 indicates sanguine, or murrey. See Figure 20. But 
 what then ? Because the symbol for vert plus the symbol 
 for purpure results in the symbol for sanguine, does it 
 follow that the colour vert plus the colour purpure 
 (arranged in alternate squares) will result in the colour 
 sanguine? The falacy is evident. 
 
 Winter, 156. 
 
The Staple of News. 1 1 1 
 
 In the second place, Dr. Winter assumes that these 
 devices, which he first shows to be the symbols of 
 colours, themselves possess colour; that is, that by 
 combining these sets of diagonal lines he can produce 
 "green and purple squares." The fact is, of course, that 
 this modern device of representing tinctures by means 
 of lines and dots, as in Figure 20, above, and in my 
 drawing of the Arms of Sogliardo, Figure 18, is merely a 
 substitute for the earlier form of tricking described in 
 Chapter II, (page 19), the device, namely, of indicating 
 the tinctures in a drawing by means of abbreviations as 
 in Figure 17. Such devices are intended for use in 
 outline drawings, in pen-and-ink sketches, in engravings, 
 and in other designs permitting the use of only black and 
 white. If then, this combination of diagonal lines was 
 used on Piedmantle's gown "to represent the tincture 
 sanguine," it would result not in "green and purple 
 squares," but merely in intersecting black lines. In 
 short, Dr. Winter's assumption is contrary to fact. 
 
 Third, what does Dr. Winter mean in saying that 
 his green and purple squares "represent" the tincture 
 sanguine ? Does he mean that the tincture sanguine is 
 itself a patchwork of green and purple ? If he does, he 
 is mistaken ; for sanguine is not "pied," but is a plain, 
 solid colour, dull blood-red, or brown. Or does he mean 
 that the device, or symbol, of the tincture sanguine is 
 identical with this patchwork of green and purple ? If 
 he does, he is equally mistaken ; for what he has con- 
 ceived, squares formed by intersecting oblique lines and 
 colored alternately green and purple, ( compare Figure 
 21 ), has in heraldry a very different name, to wit, "Loz- 
 engy vert and purpure." By neither interpretation, then, 
 can Dr. Winter's green and purple squares "represent" 
 the tincture sanguine. 
 
112 
 
 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Fourthly, is there any evidence that this device of 
 indicating tinctures by means of lines and dots was in 
 use in England when this play was written? Planche, 
 says that it "is said to have been the invention of an 
 Italian, Father Silvestre de Petra Sancta ; and the earliest 
 instance of its application in England, the engraving of 
 the death-warrant of Charles I, to which the seals of the 
 subscribing parties are represented attached. "' Planche 
 reproduces an illustration of this method used in Sir 
 
 * Thenintlv 
 Hee bearcth Lofenpye 3 Ar~ 
 gent and Sable* Thoughc 
 thisihouldeappere, to bee 
 Bend counter Bcndetyet is 
 it fo blazcd.Like as ye hauc 
 this Lofengy, fo may^e y ou 
 hauc Mdculy,and fufuly 5 o 
 which fortCjlbmc exam pies 
 fliall followe profitable 
 yourlcarning.- 
 
 FIGURE 21. 
 
 A SHIELD LOZENGY. 
 FROM LEGH'S ACCEDENS OF ARMORY, 1576, FOLIO 92 A. 
 
 Edward Bysshe's edition of Upton, 1654 ; but this makes 
 no provision either for purpure or for sanguine. My 
 own search for evidence has assured me that this device 
 of lines and dots was not used by Legh, edition of 1676 ; 
 by Feme, 1586; by Bolton, 1610; in the Mirrour of 
 Majesty, 1618; by Peacham, 1634 and 1661 ; by Carter, 
 
 Planch*, 39-40. 
 
The Staple of News. 113 
 
 1655; nor in the 1679 edition of Guillim save in those 
 plates which, according to Dallaway, 2 were added, in 
 that edition, by the bookseller Blome. I cannot believe 
 that Jonson, or Jonson's audience, or the heralds of 
 Jonson's day, had ever heard of indicating vert by 
 diagonal lines, or purpure by diagonal lines, or sanguine 
 by a combination of the two. 
 
 But even if we grant Dr. Winter's assumption that 
 Jonson knew this device of dots and lines, we are still 
 left in the following dilemma : 
 
 (1) If, as Dr. Winter asserts, Piedmantle is so 
 named because his gown is "pied," then his gown is not 
 "sanguine," and the word "complexion" in the text does 
 not refer, as Dr. Winter would have it, to the color of 
 the gown. 
 
 (2) If the word "complexion" does refer to the 
 color of the gown, then the gown is sanguine, or murrey, 
 not pied green and purple ; and the gown will not 
 account, as Dr. Winter would have it, for the name of 
 Piedmantle. 
 
 For myself, I accept unhesitatingly the former 
 alternative. I see no way of determining what the 
 several colors of the mantle were ; but I am perfectly 
 willing to admit that it was "pied," for Jonson would 
 delight in presenting this heraldet in motley. But I see 
 no need of treating "sanguine" in this passage as an 
 heraldic term, or as referring in any way to the mantle. 
 The word "sanguine" refers rather to the complexion of 
 Piedmantle' s face ; and the passage, freely interpreted, 
 means no more than this : "Sir, you may see how I have 
 ventured, because of my love for you and your good 
 looks." 
 
 II, I ; Wks, II, 301. Winter, II, V, 93-94. 
 
 He is my nephew, and my chief, the point, 
 Tip, top, and tuft of all our family. 
 
 * z Dallaway, 247. 
 
114 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Chief. That Jonson is here punning upon the 
 heraldic word "chief," seems probable from the context. 
 The "chief" in heraldry is one of the nine "honorable 
 ordinaries," and consists of the upper third, that is, of 
 the top of the escutcheon. See p. 27, and the second 
 shield in Figure 6. 
 
 IV, I ; Wks, II, 321. Winter, IV, IV, 1. 
 
 Enter Pie dmantle with Petunias pedigree. 
 
 Pedigree. Pennyboy Junior, in lines 29-30 of this 
 scene, describes this pedigree as a "scroll," "rarely 
 painted." From the previous conversation, I infer that 
 it displayed Pecunia's several lines of descent, traced 
 back for many generations, and, with each line, its 
 appropriate coat of arms. In Chapter IV, (See p. 46), I 
 have attempted to reconstruct Pecunia's pedigree, not 
 for its own sake, but to illustrate another matter. 
 Jonson's statements are too few . and too uncertain to 
 provide a basis for more than guess-work. In Chapter 
 VI, (See p. 68), I have referred to the duties of the 
 heralds as genealogists. They preserved the pedigrees 
 of all families entitled to coat armour, and they kept 
 these records complete by making "Visitations" to each 
 county at frequent intervals. They furnished, to mem- 
 bers of the nobility and gentry so desiring, certified 
 copies of their pedigrees; and from this source, the 
 heralds derived a considerable income. Piedmantle 
 would scarcely have sold this pedigree for a kiss, had it 
 not been the kiss of the Lady Pecunia. 
 
 IV, I; Wks, II, 321-2. Winter, IV, IV, 1-33. 
 
 Gilford's contemptuous note upon this passage, in 
 regard to the heraldic and alchemical terms in Jonson, is 
 well worth reproducing : 
 
 "It would not have been a matter of difficulty, 
 though of considerable labour," says Gifford, "to furnish 
 
The Staple of News. 115 
 
 some kind of explanation of all the technical terms which 
 occur in the remainder of this scene ; but it would still 
 be a thankless office. No one, I should suppose, would 
 even dwell for a moment on such an uninteresting 
 muster-roll of hard words : and in fact if any prodigy of 
 patience and curiosity should inquire after their sense, 
 and learn that tassclled of the first means of the first 
 colour 'because heraldry abhors to repeat the name,' . . . 
 he would not, I suspect, find himself very far advanced 
 in the science of heraldry. . . . Jonson, who was not 
 only possessed of as much learning but of as much 
 general knowledge as any man of his time, undoubtedly 
 understood them all : the general reader, however, will 
 do well to content himself (like the Prodigal) with 
 saying 'they sound well,' and pass on." 43 
 
 What Gifford here missed entirely is the fact that, 
 without exception, every technical term in the passage 
 he assails contributes directly and materially to Jonson's 
 satirical allegory. Since the Lady Pecunia is wealth 
 personified, Jonson naturally derives her from the Duke 
 of Or, i.e., gold. For an earlier ancestor, he provides 
 one Sol, whose name is identical with another heraldic 
 term for the same metal ; and as family arms, "azure, a 
 Sun proper." To another line, he gives "Bezants," 
 lumps of gold, or, according to other authorities, gold 
 coins of Byzantium ; and to a third, a coat in which, for 
 the sake of extravagance, he even twice breaks the 
 heraldic rule against placing metal upon metal : "argent, 
 three leeks vert, in canton or, tasselled of the first." In 
 this passage also, as if for good measure, Jonson throws 
 in a "local gag" regarding the Welshman's devotion to 
 the leek. 
 
 IV, I; Wks, II, 321. Winter, IV, IV, 5-13. 
 
 PECUNIA. My pedigree? 
 I tell yon, friend, he must be a good scholar 
 
 s Gifford's note on S. of .V.. IV, I ; Wks. II, 322. 
 
H 6 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Can my descent : I am of princely race ; 
 
 And as good blood as any is in the mines 
 
 Runs through my veins. I am every limb a princess ! 
 
 Duchess of Mines was my great grandmother ; 
 
 And by the father s side, I come from Sol; 
 
 My grandfather was Duke of Or, and matched 
 
 In the blood-royal of Ophir. ( 
 
 Sol. In Jonson's day there were several methods of 
 blazoning tinctures. The usual method was by the now 
 familiar names of metals and colours, as Or, Argent, 
 Gules, Azure, and so on. A second method was by the 
 names of precious stones : Topaz, Pearl, Ruby, Sapphire, 
 and so forth. A third was by the names of planets, as 
 Sol, Luna, Mars, and Jupiter. This third method was 
 usually reserved for blazoning the arms of kings and 
 princes. "Sol," therefore, as used in the foregoing 
 passage, is significant for two reasons : first, because it 
 signifies gold, and second, because it is the royal term 
 for gold. See under "The Blazon of Tinctures," page 17. 
 Dr. Winter says, in his Glossary, that the term "Sol" is 
 "used in blazing planets." Let us hope that this error 
 is his printer's. 
 
 In his Introduction, Dr. Winter speaks of Pecunia 
 as having "an alchemical genealogy and significance." 
 As heraldry and alchemy borrow much of their non- 
 sense from the same sources, the assertion need not be 
 here disputed. But co-ordinate with the alchemical 
 significance is the heraldic one. Indeed, the very names 
 "Sol" and "Duke of Or" seem but a paraphrase of those 
 in the imaginary pedigree presented in Legh's Ace e dens; 
 "Sir lohn Argent hath to his firfte wife, the Lady Or, 
 daughter & only heire of the Earle of Geules, by who he 
 hath iffue a daughter named Azure. . . ." < 6 
 
 * Guillim, 1679, p. 9; 1724, p. 3. ** Winter, Intro., xxi. ** Legh, Fol.97 b -98 a. 
 
The Staple of News. 
 
 117 
 
 IV, I; Wks, II, 321. Winter, IV, IV, 13-16. 
 
 PIEDMANTLE. Here is his coat. 
 
 PECUNIA. I know it if I hear the blazon. 
 
 PIE. He bears 
 
 In a field azure, a sun proper, beamy, 
 Twelve of the second. 
 
 Coat. Arms ; coat of arms ; here, that portion of 
 the coat of arms that is borne upon the shield. See p. 13. 
 
 Blazon. Description in heraldic language, as the 
 reply of Piedmantle in this passage. See p. 16. 
 
 FIGURE 22. 
 
 AZURE, A SUN. 
 
 FROM LEGH'S ACCKDENS OF ARMORY, 1576, FOLIO 58 B. 
 
 Bears. To display or exhibit heraldically, of right. 
 See p. 13. The expression "He bears" is a literal 
 translation of the corresponding term in French heraldry, 
 "il porte." 
 
 Field. The surface of the heraldic shield. See 
 
 P- 13- 
 
 Azure. The heraldic colour Blue. See p. 15 
 
 A sun. The heraldic sun is regularly represented 
 
 as a human face surrounded by rays. See p. 35, and 
 
 Figure 22 above. 
 
Ii8 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Proper. In its natural colour: here Or. See p. 18. 
 
 This passage is either a bad "break" by Jonson. or 
 else a capital bit of sly characterization. Young 
 Piedmantle, by whom the words are spoken, has boasted 
 that he has "read the Elements and the Accidence, and 
 all the leading books ; " v but now, in blazoning the sun 
 as "proper." he is violating a rule ri his own chosen 
 authority: "Hee beareth," says Legh, "Azure, a Sunne 
 Or. ... In this cote hee is in proper colour, & in his 
 naturall fielde. v . . . And wherefore do ye not fay 
 proper colour or that the Sunne is of his proper colour ? 
 . . . Alciatus fayth that a ma fhal difcern colour, if he 
 may coe within a knightes rale of any baner, but I neuer 
 hard of any man that came within an hundred knightes 
 rates of the Sunne." 4S Guillim goes a step farther, and 
 maintains that "for the Sun and Stars, when they be of 
 the colour of the metal Or, which is their natural colour, 
 it fufficeth to fay, a Sun, or Star, without adding the 
 word Proper, or Or." w See p. 18. 
 
 Beamy. Having beams, or rays, usually represented 
 as alternately straight and wavy. As Guillim says, 
 "Who knoweth not that the chief eft glory and higheft 
 commendation that may be given to the Sun doth confift 
 in this, that he is beautified with the brightnefs of his 
 proper beams ? " s 
 
 Twelve, i.e., twelve beams. 
 
 Of the second. Of the second tincture named ; in 
 this case, proper. To mention a tincture more than once 
 by name was accounted awkward blazoning. See p. 18. 
 
 IV, I; Wks, II, 322. Winter, IV, IV, 18-22. 
 
 PECUNIA. W}iat be these ? Bezants? 
 
 PIEDMANTLE. Yes, atit please your grace. 
 
 *' 5. of A r ., II, I; Wks, II, 292. 6 Legh, Fol. 58 b. * Guillim, 1629, p. 117 ; 
 see also, 1679, p. 10, and 1724, p. 8. 5 Guillim, 1679, P- & 2 ; 1724, P- 9- 
 
The Staple of News. 119 
 
 PEC. That is our coat too, as we come from Or. 
 What line is this f 
 
 PIE. The rich mines of Potosi, 
 The Spanish mines in the West Indies. 
 
 PEC. This ? 
 
 PIE. The mines of Hungary, this of Barbary. 
 
 Bezants. Roundels or. Among the common 
 charges is a group of round devices called collectively 
 the Roundels. A roundel Or is called a Bezant ; a 
 roundel Argent, a Plate ; and so on, a distinct name for 
 every change of tincture. ^ Of the Bezant, Legh says : 
 "This is a tallante which conteineth of Troye weight a 
 hudred fower pounde and two ouces, and is a lumpe of 
 gold the valewe wereof is 3750 pounds efterling. Of 
 thefe beifauntes you fhall rede diuerflye in Scripture, as 
 when Salomon had geuen vnto Hiram xx Cities, he 
 againe, of good harte, gaue Salomon 120 beifauntes of 
 golde, whereof these took their firfte name." * 2 See p. 30. 
 
 IV, I ; Wks, II, 322. Winter, IV, IV, 23-26. 
 
 PECUNIA. But this, this little branch ? 
 
 PIEDMANTLE. The Welsh mine that. 
 
 PEC. I have Welsh blood in me too ; blaze, sir, that 
 coat. 
 
 PIE. She bears, ant please you, argent, three leeks 
 
 vert, 
 In canton or, tasselled of the first. 
 
 Blaze. To blazon ; to describe in heraldic language. 
 See p. 16. 
 
 Bears. To bear ; to desplay heraldically, of right. 
 See p. 13. 
 
 Argent. The heraldic metal Silver. See p. 15. 
 The tincture first named is always that of the field. 
 See p. 16. 
 
 s 1 Legh, Fol. 86 b. s 2 Ibid, Fol, 87 a. 
 
120 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Three leeks. The leek is a culinary vegitable of the 
 onion family. The edible portion is cylindrical in shape, 
 and it sends up a long stalk bearing a white flower. It 
 is the emblem of Wales, as the thistle is that of Scotland, 
 and the shamrock that of Ireland ; but I have found no 
 mention of it in works on heraldry. In literature it is 
 perhaps best known from Shakspere's Fluellen in King 
 Henry V: 
 
 Fluellen. Your majesty says very true : if your maj- 
 esty is remembered of it, the Welshmen did good service 
 in a garden where leeks did grow, wearing leeks in their 
 Monmouth caps ; which, your majesty know, to this 
 hour is an honourable badge of the service ; and I do 
 believe your majesty takes no scorn to wear the leek 
 upon Saint Tavy's day. 
 
 King Henry. I wear it for a memorable honour ; 
 For I am Welsh, you know, good countryman. " 
 
 For further consideration of the Leek, see p. 33. 
 
 Vert. The heraldic colour Green. Seep. 15. 
 
 Canton. An heraldic charge, ranked by Legh among 
 the Ordinaries Generall. 54 It is a rectangular figure 
 filling the dexter chief, similar to the Quarter, but 
 smaller. It is illustrated in the coat that occupies the 
 sixth quarter of the arms in Figure 13, p. 48. See also 
 p. 29. 
 
 Or. The heraldic metal Gold. See p. 15. For the 
 rule against placing colour upon colour, or metal upon 
 metal, see p. 20. Jonson's violation of this rule, in plac- 
 ing on a field argent a canton or, and again in placing on 
 this canton or, leeks tasselled argent, i.e. in twice placing 
 metal upon metal, is, of course, deliberate. Indeed, the 
 violation of a rule so familiar to his audience would give 
 additional point to Jonson's allegory. That this rule was 
 thus thoroughly familiar, appears, if other evidence were 
 
 53 King Henry, I'., IV, VII, 100-108, See also Act V, sc. I. '< Legh, Fol. 70 a. 
 
The Staple of News. 121 
 
 wanting, in the following passage from his Cynthia's 
 Revels : 
 
 What, lay colour upon colour ! That affords but an 
 ill blazon. 
 
 Here comes metal to help it, the Lady Argurion. " 
 
 Tasselled of the first. Having tassels of the tinc- 
 ture first mentioned in the blazon, here, Argent. See 
 p. 1 8. As I have mentioned above, the leek bears a 
 white flower. 
 
 IV, I ; Wks, II, 323. Winter, IV, IV, 101. 
 
 And Piedmantle shall give us all our arms. 
 
 Give . . . arms. Concerning the power of the 
 heralds to grant and to confirm arms, see pages 64, 65, 
 66-67. 
 
 IV, I ; Wks, II, 324. Winter, IV, IV, 150-159. 
 
 Here is Piedmantle ; 
 ' Cause he's an ass, do not I love a herald, 
 Who is the pure preserver of descents, 
 The keeper fair of all nobility, 
 Without which all would run into confusion ? 
 Were he a learned herald I would tell him 
 He can give arms and marks, he cannot honour ; 
 No more than money can make noble : it may 
 Give place and rank, but it can give no virtue : 
 And he would thank me for this truth. 
 
 Do not I love a herald. This passage has been gen- 
 erally accepted as a tribute to Jonson's "most learned and 
 . . honoured friend," s 6 William Camden, Esq., Clar- 
 encieux. 57 The passage is at least significant as defining 
 Jonson's attitude toward the heralds and heraldry of his 
 day. 
 
 The pure preserver of descents. For the duties of 
 the heralds as geneaoligists, see page 68. 
 
 55 Cynthia's Revels, II, I ; Wks, I, 162. 56 Every Man In His Humour, Dedi- 
 cation ; Wks, I, i. 57 Winter, 211. 
 
122 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 The keeper fair of all nobility. The heralds were 
 authorized to prevent or prohibit any violation of the 
 laws of arms and chivalry, as, for example, the assump- 
 tion of coat armour or of the style of "Gentleman" with- 
 out right. See p. 65. 
 
 IV, I ; Wks, II, 325. Winter, 4th Intermean, 58-60. 
 
 No, I would have Master Piedmantle, her grace s 
 herald, to pluck down his hatchments, reverse his coat- 
 armour, and nullify him for no gentleman. 
 
 The ceremony of degradation, according to heraldic 
 usage, might be performed as a preliminary punishment 
 in the case of knights about to be executed for treason, 
 or it might, for less grievous offences, constitute the 
 chief part of the penalty. Legh, and Guillim after him, 
 present a drawing of the reversed arms of Sir Amery of 
 Pavy, who betrayed an English castle to the French, s 8 
 In the reign of Edward II, Andrew de Harclay, Earl of 
 Carlyle, and other rebellious lords were led to execution 
 wearing their coat-armour painted in reverse. s? The re- 
 versal of the arms, however, was not the full extent of 
 the ceremony. For the punishment of a traitor, "the 
 Laws adjudge not only his Coat-Armour to be razed and 
 his Shield reverfed, but alfo his Spear truncked, his 
 Spurrs hewen from his Heels, his Horfe docked, ( the 
 italics are my own), his Sword to be broken upon his 
 Helmet, his Creft divided, his Statues pulled down, his 
 Blood corrupted and his Body to death. ... his Family 
 at an End." *> 
 
 An instance of degradation not followed by the death- 
 penalty was fresh in the public mind when Jonson wrote 
 this play. On May 5th, 1621, Sir Francis Mitchell, 
 knight, "having been convicted of grevious exactions," 
 was sentenced to be degraded from knighthood. On 
 
 s g Legh, Fol. 73 a - 74 a; Guillim, 1679, p. 31 ; 1724, p. 459. & Dallaway, 81-82. 
 60 Guillim, 1679, p. 32; 1724, p. 460. 
 
The Staple of News. 123 
 
 June 1 6th, this sentence was executed in the presence of 
 the Commissioners for executing the office of Earl 
 Marshal, and of the three kings of arms. The sentence 
 was read by a pursuivant ; then the culprit's spurs were 
 hacked from his heels, his sword was broken over his 
 head, and the first Commissioner pronounced that 
 Mitchell was no longer a knight but a knave. 6l William 
 Camden, in his capacity as Clarencieux king at arms, par- 
 ticipated in this ceremony. 62 
 
 Hatchments. Achievements of arms. The word is 
 most often applied to the achievement of a deceased per- 
 son displayed at his funeral. 
 
 Coat-armour. Originally, arms emblazoned upon a 
 surcoat to be worn over the armour ; thence, arms, 
 however displayed. 
 
 Gentleman. A man entitled to coat -armour. Com- 
 pare the two passages following : 
 
 Carlo. But have you arms, have you arms ? 
 Sogliardo. I 'faith, I thank them ; I can write 
 myself gentleman now. " 
 
 Myself, a prince by fortune of my birth. 
 
 Near to the king in blood 
 
 Have stoop'd my neck under your injuries, 
 And sigh'd my English breath in foreign clouds, 
 Eating the bitter bread of banishment ; 
 Whilst you have fed upon my signories, 
 Dispark'd my parks and fell'd my forest woods, 
 From my owu windows torn my household coat, 
 Razed out my imprese, leaving me no sign, 
 Save men's opinions and my living blood, 
 To show the world I am a gentleman. 6 * 
 
 Noble, 193. <* D. K. ., VIII, 282. " E. M. O., Ill, I ; Wks, I, 100. 
 64 Richard II, III, I ; 16-27. 
 
124 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 A TALE OF A TUB. 
 
 I, III; Wks, II, 445. 
 
 PREAMBLE . ... Metaphor, you have seen 
 A king ride forth in state. 
 
 METAPHOR. Sir, that I have : 
 King Edward, our late liege and sovereign lord ; 
 And have set down the pomp. < 
 
 PRE. Therefore I asked you. 
 Have you observed the messengers of the chamber, 
 What habits they 'were in ? 
 
 MET. Yes, minor coats, 
 Unto the guard, a dragon and a greyhound 
 For the supporters of the arms. 
 
 PRE . Well marked ! 
 You know not any of them ? ... 
 Have you acquaintance with him, 
 To borrow his coat an hour? . . , 
 
 MET. The taberd of his office I will call it, 
 Or the coat-armour of his place ; and so 
 Insinuate with him by that trope. 
 
 The messengers of the chamber. The messengers, 
 or warrant-servers, of various courts were called "pur- 
 suivants" and, like the pursuivants of the Heralds' 
 College, wore official tabards. In this play, Preamble's 
 clerk, Miles Metaphor, borrows a pursuivant's tabard, 
 and, thus disguised, makes a pretended arrest "in the 
 queen's majesty's name, and all the council's." In this 
 capacity, he is called, repeatedly 6s a pursuivant, or a 
 pursuivant at arms ; but nothing in the play indicates that 
 he was pretending to be an officer of the Heralds' College. 
 
 A dragon and a greyhound. On this passage, 
 Gifford notes : "Henry VII, a prince of the house of 
 Tudor, in memory of their descent from Cadwallader, 
 
 " See especially Act II, sc. I ; Wks, II, 454-6. 
 
A Tale of a Tub. 125 
 
 gave from his first accession the red or rouge dragon 
 ( when he also constituted Rouge Dragon pursuivant;, 
 for the dexter supporter of his arms, with the greyhound 
 of the house of York on the left." This note of Gifford's 
 leaves the impression that the messengers described by 
 Metaphor bore on their official coats the royal supporters 
 used by King Henry VII. I am not prepared to offer an 
 alternative explanation; but I cannot believe that Gifford's 
 implied interpretation is correct. In the first place, if 
 these messengers wore the royal arms upon their tabards, 
 as pursuivants of the king, their tabards would not be 
 referred to as "minor coats." In the second place, the 
 royal arms in the reign of King Edward VI did not have 
 the same supporters as the royal arms of Henry VII. 
 Boutell and Aveling give the supporters of the Tudor and 
 Stuart sovereigns thus : 
 
 "Henry VII. : A dragon gu., and a greyhound arg., 
 or two greyhounds arg. ; also a lion or, and a dragon gu. 
 
 "Henry VIII. : A lion or, and a dragon gu., and 
 sometimes a bull, a greyhound, or a cock, all argent. 
 
 "Edward VI. : A lion or, and a dragon gu. 
 
 "Mary and Elizabeth : A lion or, and a dragon gu. 
 or a greyhound arg. 
 
 "James I. first bore two lions ; secondly, two uni- 
 corns ; and afterwards a lion or, for England, and a 
 unicorn arg., for Scotland. The supporters of the Royal 
 shield of England have remained unchanged since the 
 time of James I." & 
 
 According to this list, the dragon and the greyhound 
 have not been used together as supporters of the royal 
 arms since the reign of Henry VII. Since that reign, 
 one of the supporters has always been a lion. As I said 
 above, I am not prepared to offer an explanation of this 
 passage ; but as for Gifford's explanation, "I doubt." 
 
 B. & A., 3iS. 
 
126 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Supporters. Figures on either side of an escutcheon 
 in the attitude of upholding or defending it. See p. 54. 
 
 Taberd. "Verftegan's words in his antient Englifh 
 Alphabet are thefe : A Tabert, anciently a fhort gowne, 
 that reached no further then to the mid-legge. In 
 England it is now the name onely of an Heralds Coate." 6 ? 
 
 Coat-armour. Arms emblazoried upon a surcoat, 
 and thence, arms, however displayed. 
 
 II, I ; Wks, I|, 454. 
 
 Enter Justice Preamble, and Metaphor disguised as 
 a pursuivant. 
 
 Pursuivant. Here, messenger of the council, a 
 warrant-server ; not a pursuivant belonging to the 
 Heralds' College. See pages 62 and 78. 
 
 VOLPONE, OR, THE FOX. 
 
 I, I ; Wks, I, 342. 
 
 MOSCA. A piece of plate, sir. . . . Huge, 
 Massy, and antique, with your name inscribed 
 And arms engraved. 
 
 Arms. Coat of arms, heraldic achievement. See 
 P- 13- 
 
 67 Bolton : The Elements of Armories, 1610, Fol. Ee 2 [a]. 
 
THE MASQUES AND ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 PART OF KING JAMES'S ENTERTAINMENT 
 IN PASSING TO HIS CORONATION. 
 
 Wks, II, 556. 
 
 She [Monarchia Britannica~\ was a woman richly 
 attired in cloth of gold and tissue : a rich mantle ; over 
 her state two crowns hanging, with pensile shields 
 through them ; the one limned with the particular coat of 
 England, the other of Scotland. On either side also a 
 crown, with the like scutcheons, and peculiar coats of 
 France and Ireland. 
 
 The particular coat of England. Gules, three lions 
 passant gardant, in pale, or. 
 
 Scotland. Or, within a double tressure flory 
 coimter-flory, a lion rampant gules. 
 
 France. Azure, three fleurs-de-lis, or. The arms 
 of France were quartered by the kings of England from 
 the reign of Edward III down to the year 1801. See 
 PP- 31-32. 
 
 Ireland. Azure, a harp or, stringed argent. 
 
 Wks, I, 558-59. 
 
 The arms of the kingdom on the one side, ... on 
 the other side the arms of the city. 
 
 The arms of the kingdom. All the Tudor sover- 
 eigns had borne : Quarterly, first and fourth quarters, 
 France; second and third quarters, England. Elizabeth 
 occasionally included Ireland. James I, however, added 
 the arms of Scotland and of Ireland ; and marshalled the 
 
128 
 
 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 four coats thus: Quarterly, first .and fourth grand 
 quarters, France and England quarterly ; second grand 
 quarter, Scotland ; third grand quarter, Ireland. As 
 Figure 23, I reproduce the arms of James I, from The 
 Mirrovr of Mates tie, 1618. 
 
 The arms of the city. Argent, a cross gules ; on 
 the dexter chief quarter, a sword (or dagger) erect, of 
 
 FIGURE 23. 
 
 ARMS OF JAMES I. 
 
 REPRODUCED FROM THE MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, 1618. 
 
 the second. Crest: A dragon sinister, wings expanded, 
 argent, charged with a cross gules. Supporters: Two 
 dragons, with wings expanded, argent, charged on the 
 wings with a cross gules. Motto : NOMINE DIRIGE NOS. 
 
 Wks, II, 562. 
 
 Upon the utmost front of the building was placed the 
 entire arms of the kingdom, tbith the garter, crown, and 
 supporters, cut forth as fair and great as the life. 
 
King James's Entertainment. 
 
 129 
 
 Arms of the kingdom. See the foregoing notes, and 
 Figure 23. 
 
 Garter. One of the insignia of the Order of the 
 Garter, consisting of a ribbon, blue, with gold borders, 
 buckle, and pendant, and bearing the motto : Honi soit 
 qui mat y pens e . In the royal achievement (see Figure 
 23), the Garter is arranged in a circle about the shield, 
 with the buckle at the base. See p. 55. 
 
 Supporters. James I. first bore two lions; secondly, 
 two unicorns ; and afterwards a lion or for England and 
 
 FIGURE 24. 
 ARMS OF THE CITY OF LONDON. 
 
 a unicorn argent for Scotland. 6S The latter are 
 blazoned : Dexter, the English lion, rampant gardant, 
 crowned or ; sinister, the Scottish unicorn, argent, 
 gorged with the royal coronet, and chained or. Which 
 of these three pairs of supporters was used in the 
 decorations for King James's coronation, I have not seen 
 specified ; but I infer that it was the first. 
 
 w B. & A., 318. 
 
I3O Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 PRINCE HENRY'S BARRIERS. 
 
 Wks, in, 67. 
 
 Whilst upright Edward shines no less than he 
 Under the wings of golden -victory, 
 Nor lets out no less rivers of the blood 
 Of infidels, but makes the field afiood, 
 And marches through it, with St. George's cross, 
 Like IsraeFs host to the Egyptians' loss, 
 Through the Red Sea. 
 
 St George's cross. This cross, as I have said in 
 Chapter III, consists of two broad stripes, horizontal and 
 vertical, intersecting at the center of the shield and 
 extending to its perimeter. Legh blazons it as, "Argent, 
 a playne crofle Geules ;" * and he goes on to tell how 
 this particular form of the cross was adopted by St. 
 George, and to relate its subsequent use. "Every 
 price," says Legh, "maye take vnto him for his patrone 
 whome hee pleafe, as it pleafed that victorious king, 
 Edwarde the thirde, to take vnto his patrone that 
 valiaunt knight fainct George, and to beare that Ihielde 
 in his name. Who in all his cryes, vfed the fame againft 
 faint Dionife, and faint Andrew : By vertue whereof, 
 either they were chafed, flaine, or taken prifoners." * 
 
 Wks, m, 67. 
 
 The Black Prince Edward . . . tears 
 From the Bohemian crown the plume he wears, 
 Which after for his crest he did preserve 
 To his father's use, with this fit word, I SERVE. 
 
 The plume of ostrich feathers with the motto Ich 
 dien, appears on the tomb of the Black Prince in 
 Canterbury Cathedral; but the tradition that he won 
 this badge from the blind king of Bohemia at the battle 
 of Crecy is no longer accepted. As Mr. Croston has 
 
 Legh, Fol. 27 b. Legh, Fol. 28 a, 
 
Prince Henry s Barriers. 131 
 
 remarked, "The badge of the king of Bohemia was a 
 vulture, and there is certainly no evidence to show that 
 the Black Prince himself ever associated the device with 
 his early exploit at Crescy." ^ Moreover, the device of 
 ostrich feathers did not pertain exclusively to the Black 
 
 ' 1 
 
 FIGURE 25. 
 
 FEATHER BADGE OF CHARLES I, AS PRINCE OF WALES. 
 REPRODUCED FROM THE MIRROVR OF MAIESTIE, 1618. 
 
 Prince, but was borne also, with occasional differences, 
 by his brothers and by many of their descendants. Not 
 until the reign of Henry VII did it become a badge 
 pertaining solely to the Prince of Wales. ? 2 
 
 n Holbein Society reprint of Tht Mirrovr of Afaiestie, Annotation, p. 101. 
 For a more adequate discussion of the history of this badge, see Planchi, 
 254-5. aR d 278-80 ; and . & A., 305-9. 
 
132 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 The accompanying illustration, Figure 25, shows 
 this feather badge as it was borne by Charles, Prince of 
 Wales, in 1618. I assume that this did not differ 
 materially from that borne by his elder brother, Prince 
 Henry, as Prince of Wales, from 1610 to his death in 
 1612. 
 
 Crest. According to modern , usage, the ostrich 
 plumes were a badge, or cognizance, and not in the strict 
 sense a crest. On the tomb of the Black Prince they 
 appear not on a helmet, but on six shields similar to the 
 six that bear his arms. 
 
 Word. Motto. See p. 52. 
 
 I serve. "Ich dien ;" still used by the Prince of 
 Wales with this device. 
 
 Wks, III, 69. 
 
 Henry but joined the roses that ensigned 
 Particular families, but this hath.joined 
 The Rose and Thistle. 
 
 Roses. The white and the red rose appear to have 
 been the badges of York and Lancaster respectively for 
 some time previous to the dispute between Richard 
 Plantagenet and John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, 
 represented, in King Henry VI, Part I, as the beginning 
 of the War of the Roses. 73 At the conclusion of that 
 struggle, King Henry VII symbolized the union of the 
 two houses in his person by taking for his cognizance 
 a device that united the badges of York and Lancaster : 
 a rose, parti gules and argent, crowned proper. 
 
 The Rose and Thistle. The badges of England 
 and Scotland respectively, united by James I. 
 
 A CHALLENGE AT TILT. 
 
 Wks, III, 88. 
 
 / ... demand of thee by what magic thou wear'st 
 my ensigns ? ... Those arms are usurped. 
 
 Planch*, 236-44 and 269-71. 
 
A Challenge at Tilt. 133 
 
 To usurp the arms of another was originally a 
 serious matter. Mr. G. T. Clark " gives a list of contests 
 over coats armorial, the most recent of which, that of 
 Blount vs. Blount, was decided in the Earl Marshal's 
 court as late as 1720. Most famous of these, is that 
 begun in 1384 and not concluded until 1390, between 
 Richard, Lord Scrope, and Sir Robert Grosvenor. How 
 King Richard II would have scoffed had he been told 
 that this memorable trial would be known in future ages, 
 not because it settled the momentous issue of the right 
 to bear azure a bend or, but because one of the witnesses, 
 a certain comptroller of petty customs, deposed in 1386 
 that he, the deponent, was then "del age de xl ans et 
 plus, armees par xxvii 
 
 A MASQUE OF THE METAMORPHOSED 
 GIPSIES. 
 
 Wks, III, 141. 
 
 As many blessings as there be bones 
 In Ptolemy s fingers, and all at ones, 
 Held up in an Andrew s cross for the nones, 
 Light on you, good master. 
 
 Andrew's cross. The Saint Andrew's cross, or 
 saltire, is an heraldic figure consisting of two diagonal 
 stripes placed on the field like a letter "X." See page 28, 
 and the eighth shield in Figure 6. In the passage here 
 quoted, I infer that Ptolemy, the gipsy who speaks the 
 prologue and prays for blessings on the king, so clasps 
 his hands that his fingers form a Saint Andrew's cross. 
 
 Wks, III, 145. 
 The George and the garter. 
 
 Insignia of the Order of the Garter, described 
 page 55. 
 
 7* Article "Heraldry," in the Encyclopedia Britannica, XI, 686-7. 
 
134 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 THE FORTUNATE ISLES. 
 
 Wks, III, 198. 
 
 And sing the present prophecy that goes 
 Of joining the bright Lily and the Rose. 
 
 The bright lily. The golden fleur-de-lis of France. 
 
 The Rose. The badge of England. See p. 59. 
 
 This passage refers to the marriage of King Charles 
 I of England to Henrietta Maria, sister of Louis XIII of 
 France. Charles, had married her by proxy, at Paris, 
 May ist, 1625; and she had arrived at Dover June I3th. 
 This masque was presented at court on the following 
 Twelfth-night, i.e. January 5th, 1626. 
 
 LOVE'S TRIUMPH THROUGH CALLIPOLIS. 
 
 Wks, III, 203. 
 
 Beauty and Love, whose story is mysterial, 
 In yonder palm-tree, and the crown imperial, 
 Do from the Rose and Lily so delicious, 
 Promise a shade shall ever be propitious 
 To both the kingdoms. 
 
 Rose and Lily. The emblems of England and 
 France, used, as in the passage quoted from The 
 Fortunate Isles, with reference to the French marriage 
 of Charles I. See p. 59. 
 
 LOVE'S WELCOME AT WELBECK. 
 
 Wks, III, 215. 
 
 ACCIDENCE ... in a costly cassock of black 
 buckram girt unto him, whereon was painted party per 
 pale : 
 
 On the one side. On the other side. 
 
 Noun, ~\ Adverb, "\ 
 
 Pronoun, Conjunction, \ 
 
 Verb, \ declined. p re p osi tion, \ ^declined. 
 
 Participle, Interjection, 
 
Loves Welcome at Welbeck. 135 
 
 Party per pale. Divided into two halves by a 
 vertical line, as in the first shield in Figure 4. See 
 pages 23 and 24. 
 
 Wks, III, 215. 
 
 FITZALE ... in a taberd, or herald's coat, of 
 azure and gules quarterly changed, of buckram ; limned 
 with yellow instead of gold, and pasted over with old 
 records of the two shires and certain fragments of the 
 Forest, as a coat of antiquity and precedent, willing to be 
 seen, but hard to be read. 
 
 Azure. The heraldic colour Blue. See p. 15. 
 
 Gules. The heraldic colour Red. See p. 15. 
 
 Quarterly. Divided by a vertical and a horizontal 
 line into four equal parts, as the second shield in 'Figure 
 4. See page 24. 
 
 Wks, III, 216. 
 
 ACCIDENCE. This is the more remarkable man, my 
 very good lord ; father Fitz-Ale, herald of Darby, light 
 and lanthorn of both counties ; the learned antiquary of 
 the north; conserver of the records of either Forest, as 
 witnesseth the brief taberd or coat-armour he carries, 
 being an industrious collection of all the written or 
 reported Wonders of the Peak. 
 
 Taberd. A tabard, or herald's coat, regularly bore 
 armorial insignia. 
 
 LOVE'S WELCOME AT BOLSOVER. 
 
 Wks, III, 221. 
 
 Hey for the lily, for, and the blended rose ! 
 
 Lily. The fleur-de-lis of France, in honour of 
 Henrietta Maria. 
 
 The blended rose. The "Tudor rose" of England, 
 party red and white. See p. 60. 
 
136 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Wks,III, 221. 
 
 The King and Queen had a second banquet set down 
 before them from the clouds by two Loves, Eros and 
 Anteros : one as the Kings, the other as the Queens, 
 differenced by their garlands only ; his of white and red 
 roses, the other of lilies interweaved, gold, silver, purple, 
 &c. 
 
 Differenced. Bearing distinguishing marks. See 
 
 P- 35- 
 
 "White and red roses. A variation on the badge of 
 England, a survival of the roses of York and Lancaster. 
 
 Lilies, . . . gold, silver, purple. A variation on 
 the golden fleurs-de-lis of France, in honor of Henrietta 
 Maria. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND 
 INDEX. 
 
 Now, therefore, as all worldlye thinges 
 liaue and ende, (except the houfhold wordes 
 betweene man & wife, whiche fome yeare 
 hath three endes), I think likewife to draw 
 to an ende of this booke. 
 
 Legh : The Accedens of Armory, 1576. 
 Folio 1 06 b. 
 
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 I. HERALDIC SOURCES.* 
 
 Bolton, Edmond. The Elements of Armories. Quern Dixere 
 Chaos. At London, Printed by George Eld. 1610. (Peabody 
 Library, 2777.) 
 
 Camden, William. Remains concerning Britain : their Lan- 
 guages, Names, Surnames, Allusions, Anagramms, Armories, 
 Moneys, Impresses, Apparel, Artillerie, Wise Speeches, Proverbs, 
 Poesies, Epitaphs. Written by William Camden Esquire, Clar- 
 enceux, King of Arms, Surnamed the Learned. The Seventh 
 Impression, much amended, with many rare Antiquities never 
 before Imprinted. By the Industry and Care of John Philipot, 
 Somerset Herald, and W. D., Gent. London, . . . 1674. 
 (Reprint of 1870 ; Columbia Library, 942 C 148.) 
 
 Carter, Matthew. Honor Rediviuus or an Analysis of Honor 
 and Armory. By Matt : Carter, Esq. London, Printed by E. 
 Coates. 1655. (Columbia Library, AWI C 24.) 
 
 Dodridge, John. A Consideration of the office and dutye of 
 the Herauldes in Englande, drawne out of sundrye observations. 
 By John Dodridge, the King's Solicitor Generall, at the instance 
 of Hon. E. of Northampton, in Aug. 1600. (In Hearne's Collec- 
 tion of Curious Discourses, 1720, pp. 269-275. New York Public 
 Library, CBA.) 
 
 Feme, John. The Blazon of Gentrie : Deuided into two 
 parts. The first named The Glorie of Generositie. The second, 
 Lacyes Nobilitie. Comprehending discourses of Armes and of 
 Gentry. Wherein is treated of the beginning, parts, and degrees 
 of Gentlenesse, with her lawes : Of the Bearing, and Blazon of 
 Cote -Armors : Of the Lawes of Armes, and of Combats. Com- 
 piled by lohn Feme, Gentleman, for the instruction of all 
 Gentlemen bearers of Armes, whome and none other this Worke 
 concerneth. At London, Printed by John Windet, for Andrew 
 Maunsell. 1586. (Peabody Library, 2796.) 
 
 Glover, Robert. The Visitation of Yorkshire made in the 
 years 1584/5 by Robert Glover, Somerset Herald ; to which is 
 
 1 See also the Bibliogranhy of the Brooke-Camden Controversy, pp. 8637, note. 
 
140 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 added the subsequent Visitation made in 1612 by Richard St. 
 George, Norroy King of Arms. . . . Edited by Joseph Foster. 
 . . . Privately Printed. . . . 1875. (Columbia Library, 942. 
 1Y8 G 51.) 
 
 Guillim, John. A Display of Heraldry : manifesting more 
 easie access to the knowledge thereof than hath been hitherto 
 published by any, through the benefit of method ; Whereunto 
 it is now reduced by the Study and Industry of John Guillim, 
 late Pursuivant at Arms. The fifth edition much enlarged with 
 a great variety of bearings. To which is added a treatise of 
 Honour, Military and Civil, ... by Capt. John Logan. 
 London, Printed by S. Roycroft for R. Blome ; ... MDC 
 LXXIX. (Columbia Library, 929.6 G 94 Q.) 
 
 Guillim, John. A Display of Heraldry. By John Guillim, 
 Pursuivant at Arms. The Sixth Edition. Improv'd with large 
 Additions of many hundred Coats of Arms. ... To which is 
 added, A Treatise of Honour Military and Civil ... by Capt. 
 John Logan. . . . Likewise a Supplement of Scarce Tracts re- 
 lating to the Office of Arms. . . . London. . . . M DCC XXIV. 
 (N. Y. Public Library, *R. Earlier editions appeared in 1610, 
 1632, 1638, 1660, 1664, and 1666.) 
 
 Hearne, Thomas. A Collection of Curious Discourses, 
 written by Eminent Antiquaries upon several Heads in our 
 English Antiquities, and now first published by Thomas Hearne, 
 M.A. Oxford, Printed at the Theatre. M DCC XX. (N. Y. 
 Public Library, CBA. Other editions, in two volumes, 1771, 
 
 I775-) 
 
 Legh, Gerard. The Accedens of Armory. . . . Imprynted 
 at London in flete-strrete within temple Barre at the signe of 
 the hand & starre, by Richard Tottel, Anno 1576. (Harvard 
 Library, 10492.28. Other editions, 1562, 1568, 1572, 1591, 1597, 
 and 1612.) 
 
 Mirrovr of Maiestie. The Mirrovr of Maiestie : or, The 
 Badges of Honovr conceitedly emblazoned ; with emblemes 
 annexed, poetically vnfolded. Nee his Plebecula gaudet. 
 London, Printed by W. J. 1618. (A Photolith Fac-simile Reprint 
 from Mr. Corser's Perfect Copy, A.D. 1618. Edited by Henry 
 Green, M.A., and James Croston. Published for the Holbein 
 Society, ... M DCCC LXX. Harvard Library, 28.141.) 
 
 Peacham, Henry. The Compleat Gentleman. . . . By 
 Henry Peacham, Master of Arts : Sometime of Trinitie Colledge 
 in Cambridge. . . . London, Printed for Francis Constable, 
 
Select Bibliography. 141 
 
 and are to bee sold at his shoppe in Pauls Churchyard, at the 
 signeof the Crane. 1634. (N. Y. Public Library, SSD. Earlier 
 editions, 1621 [?], 1622, 1626, 1627.) 
 
 Peacham, Henry. The Gentlemans Exercise, ... by 
 Henry Peacham, Master of Artes. London, . . . 1634. (N. Y. 
 Public Library, bound with the Compleat Gentleman of same 
 date, but separately paged.) 
 
 Peacham, Henry. The Compleat Gentleman : ... To 
 which is added the Gentlemans Exercise. ... By Henry 
 Peacham, Mr. of Arts, Sometime of Trinity Colledge in 
 Cambridge. . . . The Third Impression much inlarged, espe- 
 cially in the Art of Blazonry, by a very good Hand. London, 
 Printed by E. Tylor, for Richard Thrale, at the signe of the 
 Cross-Keys at St. Pauls Gate, 1661. (Columbia Library, P. 374 
 B. The additions are said to be by Thomas Blount.) 
 
 Thynne, Francis. A Discourse of the Dutye and Office of an 
 Heraulde of Armes, written by Frauncis Thynne, Lancaster 
 Heraulde, the third daye of Marche, anno 1605. (In Hearne's 
 Collection of Curious Discourses, 1720, pp. 230-268. N. Y. 
 Public Library, CBA.) 
 
 Wyrley, William. The True Use of Amorie Shewed by 
 Historic and plainly proued by example : the necessity thereof 
 also discovered : with the manner of differings in ancient time, 
 the lawfulness of honorable funerals and moniments : with other 
 matters of Antiquitie incident to the aduancing of Banners, 
 Ensignes and marks of noblenesse and cheualrie. By William 
 Wyrley. Imprinted at London by I. lackson for Gabriell 
 Cawood. 1592. (Reprint from the original edition 1592, 
 London, 1853; Boston Public Library, *4s86.2o v 2 ; Peabody 
 Library, 2777. 
 
 II. GENERAL REFERENCE. 
 
 Boutell and Aveling. Heraldry, Ancient and Modern, 
 including Boutell's Heraldry. Edited and revised, with 
 additions by S. T. Aveling. . . . London. . . . 1892. (First 
 edition 1873; second, 1890.) 
 
 Clark, G. T. Article on Heraldry in the Encyclopedia 
 Britannica. 
 
 Dallaway, James. Inquiries into the Origin and Progress 
 of the Science of Heraldry in England, with explanatory 
 observations on armorial ensigns, by James Dallaway, A. M., of 
 
142 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Trinity College, Oxford, and fellow of, the Society of Anti- 
 quaries. Gloucester. Printed by R. Raikes, for B. & J. White, 
 Fleet Street, London, M DCC XCIII. (N. Y. Public Library, 
 1183 B ; Boston Public Library, '4531. 6.) 
 
 Noble, Rev. Mark. A History of the College of Arms, and 
 the lives of all the Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants, from the 
 reign of Richard III, founder of the College, until the present 
 time. With a preliminary dissertation relative to the different 
 orders in England, particularly the Gentry, since the Norman 
 Conquest. Taken from records, manuscripts, and other most 
 indisputable authorities. By the Rev. Mark Noble, F.A.S. of L. 
 and E. ... Lond.on, . . . 1804. (Columbia Library, 929.6 
 N 66 ; N. Y. Public Library, 1183 B.) 
 
 Planche', J. R. The Pursuivant of Arms ; or, Heraldry, 
 Founded upon Facts. By J. R. Planche, Esq., F.S. A., Somer- 
 set Herald. . . . London : Chatto and Windus, Publishers. 
 (Third edition, 1873.) 
 
 III. EDITIONS OF JONSON. 
 
 Works. The Works of Ben Jonson with critical and explan- 
 atory notes and a memoir by William Gifford. Edited by 
 Lieut.-Col. Francis Cunningham. In three volumes. . . . 
 London. Chatto & Windus. . . . 
 
 Alden. . . . Bartholomew Fair by Ben Jonson, edited with 
 introduction, notes, and glossary, by Carroll Storrs Alden, Ph.D. 
 . . . New York. Henry Holt and Company. 1904. 
 
 Henry. . . . Epicoene or The Silent Woman by Ben Jonson, 
 edited with an introduction, notes, and glossary, by Aurelia 
 Henry, Ph.D. . . . New York. Henry Holt and Company. 
 1906. 
 
 Mallory. . . . Poetaster by Ben Jonson, edited with an in- 
 troduction, notes, and glossary, by Herbert S. Mallory, Ph.D. 
 . . . New York. Henry Holt and Company. 1905. 
 
 Winter. . . . The Staple of News by Ben Jonson, edited 
 with introduction, notes, and glossary, by De Winter, Ph.D. 
 . . . New York. Henry Holt and Company. 1905. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 IN WHICH is INCLUDED A CONCORDANCE OF THE 
 
 HERALDIC TERMS IN JONSON'S PLAYS, 
 
 MASQUES, AND ENTERTAINMENTS. 
 
 SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 * A play or passage that requires no annotation. 
 A term used in a non-heraldic sense ; here included for comparison. 
 
 B.F. Bartholomew Fair. 
 
 Barriers. Barriers at the Marriage of 
 
 of the Earl of Essex. 
 Boh. Love's Welcome at Bolsover. 
 Callip. Love's Triumph Through 
 
 Callipolis. 
 
 Chal. at T. A Challenge at Tilt. 
 CJ.A . The Case is Altered. 
 Cat. Catiline His Conspiracy. 
 C.R. Cynthia's Revels. 
 Epi. Epicoene. 
 
 E.M.I. Every Man In His Humour. 
 E.M.O. Every Man Out of His 
 
 Humour. 
 
 F.I.(Mq.) The Fortunate Isles. 
 Hue & Cry. Hue and Cry AfterCupid. 
 K.J.E. King James's Entertainment. 
 Merc. Vind. Mercury Vindicated. 
 Mq. of A . Masque of Augurs. 
 
 Mq. of Beauty. Masque of Beauty. 
 
 Mq. of Blk. Masque of Blackness. 
 
 Mq. of H. Masque of Hymen. 
 
 Mq. of M.G. Masque of the Meta- 
 morphosed Gipsies. 
 
 Mq. of O. Masque of Oberon. 
 
 Mq. of Q. Masque of Queens. 
 
 N.I. The New Inn. 
 
 NJ?.W.(Mq.) News from the New 
 World. 
 
 Pamgyre. Panegyre on the happy 
 entrance of James. 
 
 P.H.B. Prince Henry's Barriers. 
 
 Poet. The Poetaster. 
 
 5. ofN. The Staple of News. 
 
 Tub. A Tale of a Tub. 
 
 Volp. Volpone. 
 
 Welbk. Love's Welcome at Wei- 
 beck. 
 
 Accessories. 
 
 See also: Achievement, Crest, Wreath, Helmet, 
 Word or Motto, Supporters, Garter, Badges 
 or Cognizances. 
 Achievement. 
 
 Of a duke. Frontispiece. 
 Of a baron. Fig. 15. 
 Of a knight. Fig. 14. 
 
 Accidence. Accedens. See Legh, Gerard. 
 S. of N., 2, i ; 2, 292, I have read the Elements 
 and Accidence. 
 
 108 
 
144 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Alchemist, The.* 
 Alden, Dr. C. S. Editor of Bartholomew Fair. 77, 78, 142 
 
 Andrew's Cross. See Saltier. Fig. 6. 28 
 Mq. of M.G., 3, 141 . Fingers . . . held up in an 
 
 Andrew's Cross. 133 
 
 Anne, queen of James I, arms of. Fig. 2. 21 
 
 Annulet. 30 
 
 E.M.O.,3, i; i, 100. Between two ann' lets sable. 94, 98 
 
 Argent. 15, 1 7 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i ; i, 100. On a chief argent. 94, 98 
 
 S. of N., 4, i ; 2, 322. Argent, three leeks vert. 119 
 
 Armory, Accedens of, see Legh, Gerard. 140 
 
 Elements of, see Bolton, Edmond. 139 
 
 True Use of, see Wyrley, William. 141 
 
 E.M.O., 3, T ; i, 100. Full of armory. 92 
 
 S. of N., 2, i ; 2, 292. An apprentice in armory. 108 
 
 Arms, Coats of. 13 
 
 College of Arms. See Heralds' College. 61 
 Power to grant and confirm arms. 64, 65, 66-8 
 Abuses of power ; grant of arms to the hangman 
 
 of London. 66-8 
 Purchase of arms : E.M.O., i, I ; I, 75 ; and 3, 1 ; 
 
 1,97. 89-90, 91 
 
 Arms of Anne, queen of James I. Fig. 2. 21 
 Of a baron, Sir Thomas West, Baron Grisley. 
 
 Fig. 15. 56-8 
 Of Caesar. 31, 104 
 Of the City (London). K.J.E., 2, 559. Fig. 24. 128-9 
 Of a duke, Thomas Lord Howard, Duke of Nor- 
 folk. Frontispiece. 54 
 Of England. 127 
 Of France. 31-2, ^27 
 Of Ireland. 127 
 Of James I. Fig. 23. 128 
 Of the kingdom. 127-8 
 Of a knight. Fig. 14. 52-3 
 Of La-Foole. 80, 82 
 Of London. Fig. 24. 128-9 
 Of Marston, John, the poet and dramatist. Fig. 19. 100-4 
 Of Scotland. 127 
 Of Sogliardo. Fig. 17 and Fig. 18. 93-8 
 
Index. 145 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4 ; 2, 544. Our arms be good enough.* 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i ; i, 97. Has lie purchased arms then ? 91 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i ; i, 97. Fit him with legs to his arms. 91 
 E.M.O., 3, i.; i, 100. But have you arms, have 
 
 you arms ? 92 
 
 Poet., 2, i ; i, 217. You shall see my arms. 100 
 Poet., 2, i ; i, 218. Vouchsafe the sight of my 
 
 arms. 99 
 Poet., 2, i ; i, 218. Cri-spinas . . . expressed in 
 
 my arms. 100 
 S. of N., 2, i ; 2, 302. Have her arms set up.* 
 
 S. of N., 4, i ; 2, 323. Shall give us all our arms. 121 
 
 S. of N., 4, i ; 2, 324. He can give arms and marks. 121 
 
 Tub., i, 3 ; 2, 445. The supporters of the arms. 124, 126 
 
 Volp., i, i ; i, 342. Arms engraved. 126 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 558. Arms of the kingdom. 127-8 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 559. Arms of the city. 128-9 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 562. The entire arms of the kingdom. 128-9 
 
 Chal. at T., 3, 88. Those arms are usurped. I 3 2 ~3 
 See Coats. 
 
 Ass, in heraldry, Gerard L,egh's commenda- 
 tion of. 75 
 
 Azure. 15, 1 7 
 
 Epi., i, i ; i, 411. Or, checkered azure and gules. 80, 82 
 E.M.O., 3, i ; i, ico. Gyrony of eight pieces, 
 
 azure and gules. 94, 96 
 S. of N., 4, i ; 2, 321. In a field azure, a sun 
 
 proper. 117 
 Mq. of Elk., 3, 4. The colours, azure and silver.* 
 
 Welbk., 3, 215. Azure and gules quarterly. 135 
 
 Badges; and Royal Badges. 58, 59 
 
 Feather badge of the Prince of Wales. Fig. 25. 130-1 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4 ; 2, 544. What badge shall we give? 78 
 
 Baron, achievement of. Fig. 15. 56-8 
 
 Baron and femme. 38 
 
 Bartholomew Fair. 77 
 
 Edition by Dr. C. S. Alden. 77, 142 
 
 Beamy. 118 
 S. of N., 4, i ; 2, 321. A sun proper beamy twelve 
 
 of the second. 117,118 
 
 Bear. 13 
 
 Epi., i, i; i, 411. We do bear for our coat. 80, 82 
 
146 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Epi., 4, 2; I, 448. Make you bear a blow over the 
 
 mouth gules. 83 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. He bears. 117 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. She bears. 119 
 
 Bezant. 30 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. What be these? Bezants? 118, 119 
 
 Black Prince. P.H.B., 3, 67. 130 
 
 Blazon; to blazon; to blaze. 16 
 
 Blazon of tinctures. 17-18 
 
 Rules for. 18 
 
 C.R., 2, i; i, 162. Colour upon colour ... an 
 
 ill blazon. 79 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. You can blazon the rest. 94 
 N.I., i, i; 2, 343. The blazon of a gentleman.* 
 N.I., 3, 2; 2, 365. Thy blazon's false.* 
 
 Poet., i, i; i, 212. They are blazoned there. 99 
 S, of N.,4, i; 2, 321. I know it, if I hear the 
 
 blazon. 117 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. Blaze, sir, that coat. 119 
 Mq. of Q. , 3, 60. Not though her loudest trumpet 
 
 blaze your peace. *t 
 
 Bloody toe. 100-4 
 Poet., 2, i; i, 218. A bloody toe between three 
 
 thorns pungent. 100-4 
 Blue-mantle pursuivant. 62-3, 105 
 Boar. 31, 44-5, 52-3 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, loo. It is your boar without a 
 head rampant. A boar without a head, 
 that's very rare! 93 
 Boar's head. 31 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A boar's head proper. 94, 98 
 Bohemian. P.H.B., 3, 67. From the Bohe- 
 mian crown. 130 
 Bolton, Edmond. His Elements of Armories, 
 
 1610. 4, 6, 108-9, 139 
 
 Dr. Winter's note on. 108-9 
 
 Borough of Borough, arms and pedigree. 43~5 
 
 Brooke, or Brookesmouth, Ralph, York herald. 66, 67 
 
 Controversy with Camden; and a bibliography 
 
 thereof. 85-7 
 Buried with heralds. 64, 65, 70-2 
 
Index. 147 
 
 S. of N., i, 2; 2, 288. Buried with the trumpeters. 105-8 
 See Funerals. 
 
 Buy. 66-7 
 
 E.M.O., I, i; I, 75. You may buy one. 89, 90 
 
 Cadency, Marks of; see Differences. 35 
 
 Caesar. Arms of , according to Legh. 31, 104 
 
 Poet., 5, i; i, 253. Does not Caesar give the eagle? 104 
 
 Camden, William. E.M.I., Dedication; i, i. 83 
 
 Appointment as Clarencieux. 84 
 
 Controversy with Brooke; bibliography thereof. 85-7 
 
 Trouble over deputies; letter to Cotton. 86-8 
 
 Death and will. 88 
 
 References to Bolton's Elements. 4, 108, 109 
 
 Remains concerning Britain. 4, 139 
 
 Officiates at the degredation of Sir Francis 
 
 Mitchell. 123 
 
 Canton. 29 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. Three leeks vert in canton or. 119, 120 
 
 Carter, Matthew. His Honor Rediviuus. 6, 139 
 
 Case Is Altered, The. 78 
 
 Catiline, His Concpiracy. 79 
 
 Charges. Charged. 26 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A very fair coat, well charged. 92 
 
 Hue & Cry, 3, 37. Two pilasters, charged.* 
 
 Chaucer. Deposition in the Scrope-Grosvenor 
 
 trial. 133 
 
 Checkered. Checquy. 82, 96 
 Epi., i, i; i, 411. Yellow, or or, checkered azure 
 
 and gules. 80, 82 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A chevron engrailed checquy. 94, 96 
 
 Chester herald. 62 
 
 Chevron. Fig. 4. Fig. 6. 24, 28 
 
 E.M.O.,3, i; 1,100. A chevron engrailed checquy. 94, 96 
 Mq. of Blk. , 3, 4. A chevron of lights. t * 
 Mq. of H., 3, 29. Cheveroned all over with lace.t * 
 
 Chief. Fig. 3. Fig. 6. 23, 27-8 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. On a chief argent. 94, 96 
 
 Poet., 2, i ; i, 218. A face crying in chief. 100 
 S. of N., 2, i; 2, 301. My nephew and my chief, 
 the point, 
 
 Tip, top, and tuft of all our family. 113-14 
 Cicero. Cat., 2, i; 2, 92. Cicero, ... a mere 
 
 upstart. 79 
 
148 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 City of London, Arms of, Fig. 24 127-9 
 K.J.E. , 2, 559. On the other side, the arms of the 
 
 city. 127, 128 
 
 Clapham of Beamsley, arms and pedigree. 39-4 T 
 
 Clarencieux, king of arms. 62,63 
 
 See Camden, William. 83-8 
 E.M.I., Dedication ; i, I. To the most learned, 
 and my honoured friend, Master Camden, 
 
 Clarencieux. 83-4 
 
 Coat Coat of Arms. Coat-armour. 13 
 
 Cat., 2, i; 2, 92. No pedigree, no house, no coat. 79 
 
 Epi., i, i; i, 411. W~e do bear for our coat 80, 82 
 
 Epi., i, i; i, 411. Which is a very noted coat 80, 82 
 E.M.O., i, i; i, 75. I'll give coats, that's my 
 
 humour.t 89-90 
 E.M.O., i, i; i, 75. A coat^of arms to fit you. 89 
 E.M.O., i, i; i, 75. I'll . . . have a most prodi- 
 gious coat. 89 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 97. Of [as many colours as e'er 
 
 you saw any fool's coat in your life.t 91 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A very fair coat well charge. 92 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. Here is his coat. 117 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. That is our coat, too. 119 
 
 S. of P., 4, i; 2, 322. Blaze, sir, that coat. 119 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 325. Reverse his coat-armour. 122-3 
 
 Tub., i, 3; 2, 445. Yes, minor coats. 124 
 
 Tub., i, 3; 2, 445. The coat-armour of his place. 124, 126 
 K.J.E., 2, 556. The particular coat of England, 
 ... of Scotland. ... Of France and 
 
 Ireland. 127 
 See Arms. 
 
 Cognizance. See Badge. 58-60 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 97. Against his cognizance was 
 
 ready. 91 
 
 Collar. 55 
 F.I.(Mq.), 3, 193. You will have your collar sent 
 
 you.* 
 
 College of Anns. See Heralds' College. 
 
 Colour. 15, 17 
 C.R., 2, i; i, 162. Colour upon Colour ... an 
 
 ill blazon. 79 
 
Index. 149 
 
 Epi., i, i; i, 411. And some three or four colours 
 
 more. 80, 82 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; 1,97. Of as many colours as e'er 
 
 you saw. 91 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Much variety of colours in it. 92, 93 
 
 Mq. of Blk., 4. The colours, azure and silver.* 
 See Tinctures. 
 
 Common Charges. 3~35 
 
 Composition of Tinctures. 20 
 
 Cotton, Sir Robert, Camden's letter to. 87-8 
 
 Crest. 50 
 
 Of the Prince of Wales (properly, a badge) . Fig. 25. 130-31 
 
 Of Sogliardo : E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A boar with- 
 out a head, rampant. 93 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. How like you the crest, sir? 93 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Your crest is very rare, sir. 94 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A frying-pan to the crest had 
 
 had no fellow. 94 
 
 P.H.B., 3, 67. Which after for his crest he did 
 
 preserve. 130-1 
 
 Webster, The Duchess of Malfi, 4, 2. You do give 
 for your creast a woodcockes head, with 
 the braines pickt out on't. I 
 
 Crispinus, Arms of. Poet., 2, i; I, 218 99-100 
 
 Relation of, to the arms or name of John Marston: 
 opinions of Mr. F. G. Fleay, Dr. B. Nich- 
 olson, Rev. A. B. Grosart, Dr. H. S. Mai- 
 lory, and the present writer. 100-4 
 Cross. Fig. 6. 27, 28 
 B.F., i, i; 2, 153. Cross and pile.t 77 
 P.H.B., 3, 67. And marches through it with St. 
 
 George's cross. 130 
 
 Mq. of M.G., 3, 141. Fingers . . . held up in 
 
 an Andrew's cross. 133 
 
 Cullisen. Cullison. See Badge, Cognizance. 58-60 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4; 2, 544. What badge shall we give, 
 
 what cullison ? 78 
 
 E.M.O., i, i; i, 75. I lack a cullisen. 89, 90 
 
 Cynthia's Revels. 79 
 
 Dallaway , Rev. James. 68, 69, 70, 141 
 
 Dancettee. In the arms of Marston. 100-4 
 
 Darby-House, or Derby-House. See Heralds' 
 Office. 
 
150 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Degradation. S. of N., 4, i; 2, 325. . 122-3 
 
 Demi-greyhound. In the arms of Marston. 100-4 
 The Devil is an Ass.* 
 
 Dexter. See : Points of the Shield. 23 
 
 Differences. 35-6 
 
 C.I. A. i, 3; 2, 526. Didst thou ne'er read in differ- 
 ence of good 
 
 'Tis more to shine in virtue. than in blood ? t * 
 
 Mq. of Blk., 3, 4. Without difference.* 
 
 Bols., 3, 221. Differenced by their garlands only. 136 
 Dodridge, John: A consideration of the office 
 
 and dutye of the Herauldes in Englande. 62-4, 139 
 Dormant. Tub., 4, 3; 2, 469. His trestles 
 
 dormant.** 
 
 Dragon. 31 
 
 Tub., i, 3; 2, 445. A dragon and a greyhound for 
 
 the supporters. 124-5 
 
 Dransfield of Stubbs Walden, arms and pedigree. 41-2 
 
 Duke, achievement of. Frontispiece. 54 
 
 Eagle. 31 
 
 Poet., 5, i; i, 253. Does not Caesar give the eagle? 104 
 
 Earl Marshal. 54, 6 1 
 Elements. See Bolton. 4, 6, 108-9, J 39 
 
 S. of X., 2, i; 2, 292. I have read the Elements. 108-9 
 Elizabeth, Queen. 19, 66, 125, 127 
 
 Emblazon, distinguished from "to blazon." 94 
 
 England, coat of . K.J.E-, 2, 556. 127 
 
 Badge of. See Rose. 
 
 Engrailed. E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A chevron 
 
 engrailed. 94, 96 
 
 Epicoene, or The Silent Woman. 80 
 
 Edition by Dr. Aurelia Henry. 142 
 
 Ermine. 15 
 
 In the arms of Marston. 100-4 
 
 Ermins. 15 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Checquy, or, vert, and ermins. 94,96 
 
 Escutcheon. See Shield. 13 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4; 2, 544. A gudgeon! a scutcheon, thou 
 
 wouldst say. 78 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. The most . . . ridiculous 
 
 escutcheon. 94 
 
 Escutcheon of Pretense. 38, 39 
 
 Every Man In His Humour. 83 
 
 Every Man Out of His Humour. 89 
 
Index. 151 
 
 Face. Poet., 2, i; i, 218. A face crying in chief . 100-4 
 
 Feather Badge of the Prince of Wales. Fig. 25. 130-1 
 P.H.B., 3, 67. The plume . . . ^with this fit 
 
 word, 'I serve.' 130-1 
 
 Feme, John. His Blazon of Gentrie, 1586. 4, 6, 139 
 
 Fesse. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 6. 23, 24, 26, 28 
 
 In the arms of Marston. 100-4 
 
 Field. 13-14 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Hog's cheek and puddings 
 
 in a pewter field. 94 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2,321. In a field azure, a sun proper. 117 
 
 First, of the. 18 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. Tasselled of the first. 119, 121 
 
 Fleay, Mr. F. G. loo, 103-4 
 
 Fleur-de-lis. Fig 9. 31-2 
 
 In the arms of Marston. 100-4 
 See Lily. 
 
 Fool's Coat. E.M.O., 3, i; i, 97. 91, 92 
 
 See also Arms of La Foole. 80, 82 
 
 France, arms of. 127 
 
 See under Fleur-de-lis. 31-2 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 556. Coats of France and Ireland. 127 
 
 Funerals, heraldic. 64, 65, 70-1 
 
 Frequency, 71; Expense of, 72; Jonson on, 73. 
 S. of N., i, 2; 2, 288. Buritd with the trumpeters 
 
 . . . the heralds at arms. 105, 106 
 Evasion of requirements, 107; the Conquest case, 107. 
 
 Dr. Winter's note. 107-8 
 
 Furs. 15 
 
 Gardant or Guardant. 34 
 
 See also Fig. 16. 81 
 
 C.R., 3, 3; i, 170. If she be guardant here. 80 
 
 Garter, the Order of; and its insignia. 55 
 
 Shakspere on: Merry Wives of Windsor, 5, 5. 55-6 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 562. Arms . . . with the garter. 128-9 
 
 Mq. of M.G., 3, 145. The George and the Garter. 133 
 
 Garter king of arms. 62 
 See also, Segar, Sir William. 
 
 Gentleman. Definition of. 92, 123 
 E.M.O., Character of the Persons; I, 63. So 
 enamoured of the name of a gentleman 
 that he will have it, though he buys it.* 
 
 E.M.O., i, i; i, 75. These mushroom gentlemen. 89 
 
152 Heralds & Heraldry, 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. I can write myself gentle- 
 man now. 92 
 N.I., i, i; 2, 343. The blazon of a gentleman.* 
 Poet., 2, i ; i, 217. Your legs do sufficiently show 
 
 you are a gentleman born.* 
 
 S. of N.,4, i; 2, 325. Nullify him for no gentleman. 122-3 
 
 George, The. 55 
 
 Mq. of M.G., 3, 145. The George and the Garter. 55, 133 
 
 George's cross, Saint. Fig. 6. Fig. 24. 27-8 
 
 P.H.B., 3, 67. Marches through it with St. 
 
 George's cross. 130 
 
 Geronne; or Gyrony. Fig. 4. 24 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, loo. Gyrony of eight pieces, 
 
 azure and gules. 94 
 
 Gifford, William. See Editions of Jonson. 142 
 His note on the heraldic terms in S. of N., 4, i; 
 
 2,321-2. 114-15 
 His incorrect definition of "To blazon," Poet., 
 
 i, i; i, 212. 99 
 
 Give. (To bear.) 13 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4; 2, 544. What badge shall we give? 78 
 
 Poet., 5, i; i, 253. Does not Caesar give the Eagle? 104 
 
 Give. (To grant.) 64, 65, 66-8 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4; 2, 544. Some harrot of arms . . . 
 
 shall give us a gudgeon. 78 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 323, Shall give us all our arms. 121 
 
 S. of N., 4, 152 , 324. He can give arms and marks. 121 
 
 Glover, Robert. His Visitation of Yorkshire. 39, 139 
 
 His rules of marshalling. 38-9 
 
 Greyhound. 32 
 
 Tub., i, 3; 2, 445. A dragon and a greyhound for 
 
 the supporters. 124-5 
 
 Demi-greyhound, in the arms of Marston. 100-4 
 
 Grosart, Rev. A. B. 101 
 
 Gudgeon. (Escutcheon.) See Shield. 13 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4; 2, 544. A gudgeon! a scutcheon thou 
 
 wouldst say, man. 78 
 
 Guillim, John. His Display of Heraldry. 4, 6, 140 
 
 Editions of. 6, note 
 
 Gules. 15, 17 
 
 Epi., i, i; i, 411. Or, checkered azure and gules. So, 82 
 
 Epi., 4, 2; i, 448. Bear a blow over the mouth 
 
 gules. 83 
 
Index. 153 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Gyrony of eight pieces, 
 
 azure and gules. 94.5 
 
 "\Velbk., 3, 215. Azure and gules, quarterly. 135 
 
 Gyrony. Geronne. Fig. 4. 24 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Gyrony of eight pieces. 94 
 
 Harrot. See Heralds, below. 
 
 Hatchments. See Achievements. 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 325. Pluck down his hatchments. 122, 123 
 
 Helmet. 51-2 
 
 Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles I. 32, 134, 135, 136 
 
 Henry, Dr. Aurelia. Editor of Epicoene. 77, 142 
 
 Note on Epi., 3, 2; i, 433. 82-3 
 
 Note on Epi., 4, 2; i, 448. 83 
 
 Reference to S. of N., i, 2; 2, 288. 70, 82-3 
 
 Heralds ; and the Heralds' College. 61-73 
 
 Membership : kings, heralds, pursuivants. 61-3 
 
 Duties of, defined by Dodridge. 63-4 
 
 Duties of, denned by Thynne. 64-6 
 
 Conferring of arms. 64, 65, 66-8 
 
 Recording and certifying of pedigrees. 64, 64, 68-70 
 
 Supervision of funerals. 64, 65, 70-2, 106-8 
 
 Jonson's attitude toward heralds and heraldry. 73 
 
 Alchem., 4, i; 2, 47. No herald, no, nor anti- 
 quary, . . . shall do it better.* 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4; 2, 544. Some harrot of arms. 78 
 
 Epi., 3, 2; i, 433. Sent for the heralds. 82-3 
 
 E.M.I., i, 3; i, 10. The harrot's book. 89 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Among the harrots yonder. 92 
 
 N.I., 2, 2; 2, 360. Queen of heralds.* 
 
 Poet., i, i; i, 212. Need no other heralds. 99 
 
 Poet., 4, i; i, 239. A poet? . . . no, . . . a herald.* 
 Poet., 4, i; i, 239. A herald at arms ! good !* 
 Poet., 4, 3; i, 242. Some wine, king of heralds.* 
 Poet., 4, 3; i, 243. Mercury, our herald.* 
 S. of N., i, 2; 2, 288. Buried with the trumpeters 
 
 . . . the heralds of arms. 105, 106-8 
 
 S. of N., i, 2; 2, 289. Master Piedmantle, the fine 
 
 herald.* 
 S. of N., 2, i; 2, 292. A herald at arms? . . . No, 
 
 sir, a pursuivant.* 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. Her grace's herald? . . . No 
 herald yet, a heraldet.* 
 
154 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 324. Do not I lore a herald? 73, 121 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 324. Were he a learned herald. 73, 121 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 325. Master Piedmantle, her 
 
 grace's herald. 122 
 
 Panegyre, 2, 569. The fittest herald to proclaim 
 
 true joys.* 
 
 Barriers, 3, 31. Best herald of thine own birth.* 
 Mq. of O., 3, 77. The herald of the day, bright 
 
 Phosphorus.* 
 
 N.N.W. (Mq.), 3, 134. Enter two heralds.* 
 Mq. of A., 3, 1 66. The heralds of his highest 
 
 will.* 
 
 Welbk., 3, 215. A taberd, or herald's coat. 135 
 
 Welbk., 3, 216. Father Fitz -Ale, herald of Darby. 135 
 
 Welbk., 3, 217. His horse it is the herald's weft.* 
 
 Heralds' Office. Derby House. 90 
 
 E.M.O., 2, i; i, 90. You shall have me at the 
 
 heralds' office. 90 
 
 E.M.O., 2, 2; i, 95. They shall have him at the 
 
 heralds' office yonder, by Paul's. 90 
 
 E.M.O., 3. i; i, 97. He is at the heralds' office 
 
 yonder. 91 
 
 S. of N., 2. i; 2, 292. Search your office; roll five 
 
 and twenty, you will find it so.* 
 
 Heraldry. I3~73 
 
 Antiquity of, according to Legh. 104 
 
 N.I., 4, 3; 2, 378. Is this your heraldry and keep- 
 ing of records?* 
 
 "Honi soil qui mal y pense." 55. 56 
 
 Honorable Ordinaries. Fig. 6. 26-9 
 
 Howard. Thomas, Dukes of Norfolk. 54, 66, 90 
 
 Ireland, arms of. K.J.E., 2, 556. 127 
 
 "I serve." Motto of the Black Prince. 52 
 
 P.H.B., 3, 67. His crest . . . with this fit word, 
 
 "I serve." 130-1 
 
 James I. 67, 127 
 
 Arms of. Fig. 23. 128 
 
 King James's Entertainment. 127 
 
 Kings of Arms. 62, 63, 64-6 
 
 N.I., 2, 2; 2, 354. A host who should be king at 
 
 arms and cert-monies in his own house. 99 
 
 N.I., 3, 2; 2, 365. Foolish queen at arms, thy 
 blazon's false.* 
 
Index. 155 
 
 Kingdom, the arms of the. Fig. 23. 127-8 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 558. The arms of the kingdom on the 
 
 one side. 127 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 562. The entire arms of the kingdom, 
 
 with the garter, crown, and supporters. 128-9 
 
 Knight, achievement of. Fig. 14. 52-3 
 
 Label. Fig. 7. 32 
 
 S. of N., i, 2; 2, 288. Ribands laid out like 
 
 labels, t ? 33, 35 , 1 06 
 
 Mq. of H., 3, 29. Their labels were of white cloth 
 
 of silver.t * 
 Mq. of H., 3, 29. Silver greaves, answering to the 
 
 work of their labels, t * 
 Welbk., 3, 215. A label . . . advertising.t * 
 
 Lancaster herald. 62, 63 
 
 See also, Thynne, Francis. 
 
 Lancaster, Rose of. See Rose. 
 
 Lawson of Borough, arms and pedigree. 44-5 
 
 Leek. 33, 119, 120 
 
 Shakspere's Fluellen on Leeks, King Hemy V, 
 
 4, 7. 120 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. Argent, three leeks vert in 
 
 canton or, tasselled of the first. 119, 120 
 
 Legh, Gerard. His Accedens of Armory, 1576. 140 
 
 Mention of by Jonson, Camden, Guillim, and 
 
 others. 4-6 
 
 Specimen page from. Fig. I. 5 
 
 Other illustrations from. Frontispiece and pp. 
 
 25.53. 57, Si, 112, 117 
 
 Editions of. 6, note; 108 
 
 Summary of : scholarship; sources; digressions; 
 discussion of the shield, of charges, of 
 achievements, of miscellaneous topics. 7-11 
 
 Critical estimate of. 11-12 
 
 S. of N., 2, i; 2, 292. The Elementsand Accidence 
 
 and all the leading books. 108-9 
 
 Description of. 108 
 
 Dr. Winter's note on. 108-9 
 
 Lennard, Samson, Blue-mantle pursuivant. 105 
 
 Lily. See also, Fleur-de-lis. 
 Mq. of H*., 3, 23. Lilies and roses.t * 
 F.I. (Mq.), 3, 198. The bright Lily and the Rose. 134 
 
156 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Callip., 3, 203. Lilies and roses twining together. 59 
 
 Callip., 3, 203. The Rose and Lily so delicious. 134 
 
 Bols., 3, 221. Hey for the Lily. 135 
 
 Bols., 3, 221. Lilies, . . . gold, silver, purple. 136 
 
 Lion. 33 
 
 Rampant. Fig. 5. 25, 33 
 
 Passant, guardant, regardant. Fig. 16. 34, 80, 81 
 
 London, arms of. Fig. 24. 128, 129 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 559. On the other side, the arms of the 
 
 city. 127, 128 
 
 Lord-Lyon, King-at-Arms. 62-3 
 
 Love's Triumpli through Callipolis. 134 
 
 Love's Welcome at Bolsover. 135 
 
 Love's Welcome at Welbeck. 134 
 
 Lozenge. Fig. 2 and Fig. 13 21-2, 48 
 
 Lozengy. Fig. 21. in, 112 
 Magnetic Lady, The.* 
 
 Mallory, Dr. H. S., Editor of The Poetaster. 77, 142 
 
 Note on Poet., i, i; i, 212. 99 
 
 Note on Poet., 2, i; i, 218. 100 
 
 Note on the arms of Crispinus. 101 
 
 Mantel. Manteling. 52 
 
 Marmion. Quotation from IV, vi, vii. 62-3 
 
 Mars, an heraldic term for red. 17-18 
 
 In Mr. Fleay's explanation of the arms of Crispinus. 100, 103 
 
 Marshalling. 37~49 
 
 Baron and femrne ; and quartering. 38 
 
 Rules of Robert Glover, Somerset herald. 38-9 
 
 Examples of Marshalling : 
 
 Clapham of Beamsley. 39~4 I 
 
 Dransfield of Stubbs Walden. 41-2 
 
 Borough and Lawson. Fig. 10-12. 42-5 
 
 The Lady Pecunia. Fig. 13. 45-9 
 
 Messengers of the chamber. Pursuivants. 124 
 
 Tub., 1,3; 2, 445. Observed the messengers of 
 
 the chamber. 124 
 
 Metals. 15, i? 
 Metal upon metal, in the Welsh coat of the Lady 
 
 Pecunia. 20, 115, 120-1 
 
 C.R., 2, i; i, 162. Here comes metal to help it. 79 
 
 Mirrovr of Maiestie, The. 1618. 140 
 
 Arms of Anne, queen of James I. Fig. 2. 21 
 
Index. 
 
 157 
 
 Arms of James I. Fig. 23. 
 
 Feather Badge of Charles I, as Prince of Wales. 
 Fig- 25. 
 
 Mitchell, Sir Francis. 
 
 Mortimer, The Fall of.* 
 
 Motto. Word. 
 
 New Inn, The. 
 
 Nicholson, Dr. B. 
 
 Nicolas, Sir Nicholas Harris. 
 
 Noble, Rev. Mark. 
 
 Norroy king of arms. 
 See also, St. George, Sir Richard. 
 
 Nullify. See Degradation. 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 325. Nullify him for no 
 gentleman. 
 
 Office, Heralds'. Derby House. 
 S. of N., 2, i; 2, 292. Search your office.* 
 
 Or. 
 Epi., i, i; i, 411. Yellow, or or, checkered azure 
 
 and gules. 
 E.M.O., 3. i; i, loo. Checquy, or, vert, and 
 
 ermins. 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. The Duke of Or. 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. Our coat ... as we come 
 
 from Or. 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. In canton or. 
 
 Ordinaries Generall. Subordinaries. 
 
 Order. Insignia. 
 F. I. (Mq.), 3, 193. There's your order. 
 
 Pale. Fig. 4. Fig. 6. 
 Welbk., 3, 215. Party per pale. 
 
 Partitions. Fig. 4. 
 
 Party per pale. 
 Welbk., 3, 215. Party per pale. 
 
 Passant. Fig. 16. 
 C.R., 3, 35 i, i? - Put the case she should be 
 
 passant. 
 
 S. of N., i, 2; 2, 282. Is this same hat of the 
 block passant? [currant, present.]t* 
 
 Patent, granting arms. 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, loo. Here's my patent, it cost me 
 thirty pound. 
 
 128 
 
 122-3 
 
 52 
 99 
 
 IOO-2 
 
 85,87 
 
 106-7, 142 
 
 62 
 
 122-3 
 
 122-3 
 90, 91 
 
 15, 17 
 80, 82 
 
 94,96 
 
 1x6 
 
 119 
 
 119, 1 20-1 
 2 9 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 23, 24, 26, 28 
 
 134-5 
 
 23-5 
 
 23, 24, 38 
 
 134-5 
 33-4, 80, 81 
 
 80 
 
 65 
 92 
 
1 58 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Peacham, Henry. 6, 140-1 
 
 The Compleat Gentleman. 140-1 
 
 The Gentleman's Exercise. 141 
 Pecunia, Lady. Character in The Staple of 
 
 News. 114-21 
 Pedigree and arms of. Fig. 13. 45-9. 114-21 
 Pedigrees; duty of heralds to record. 64,68-70 
 
 Pedigree of Clapham of Beamsley. 39~4* 
 
 Pedigree of Dransfield of Stubbs Walden. 41-2 
 
 Pedigree of Borough of Borough. 43-5 
 
 Pedigree of Lawson v of Borough. 44-5 
 
 Pedigree of Aurelia Clara Pecunia, the Infanta. 45~9 
 Cat., 2, i; 2, 92. A mere upstart that has no 
 
 pedigree. 79 
 E.M.I., i, 3; i, 10. My pedigree ... by the 
 
 harrot's book. 89 
 N.I., 5, i; 2, 382. Thou know'st her pedigree 
 
 then?* 
 Poet., i, i; i, 212. There they are tricked, they 
 
 and their pedigrees. 99 
 S. of N., 2, i; 2, 292. Sir, I have drawn a pedigree 
 
 for her grace.* 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. Enter Piedmantle with 
 
 Pecunia's pedigree. 114 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321-2. (Gifford's note on.) 114-15 
 
 S. of N., 4. i; 2, 321. My pedigree? 115 
 
 Per pale. 23 
 
 Welbk., 3, 215. Party per pale. J 34-5 
 
 Piedmantle. Character in The Staple of 
 
 News. 105-23 
 Name suggested by the title "Blue-mantle". 105 
 Dr. Winter's interpretation of the name. no 
 S. of N., Dram. Pers.; 2, 278. Piedmantle, pur- 
 suivant at arms. 105 
 Pile. 29 
 B. F., i, i; 2, 153. Cross and pile.t 29, 78 
 Plate. 34 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. Between three plates. 94, 96 
 Plume. Feather Badge. Fig 25. 130-1 
 P.H.B., 3, 67. Tears from the Bohemian crown 
 
 the plume. 130-1 
 
 Poetaster, The. 99 
 
Index. 159 
 
 Edition by Dr. H. S. Mallory. I42 
 
 Points of the shield. Fig. 3. 22, 23 
 
 Portcullis pursuivant. 62, 63 
 
 Pretense, Escutcheon of. 38, 39 
 
 Proper. 18 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A boar's head proper. 94, 98 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. A sun proper. 117,118 
 
 Pungent. Ioo 
 
 Poet., 2, i ; i, 218. A bloody toe between three 
 
 thorns pungent. 100 
 
 Purchased arms. 66-8, 89, 90 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 97. What, has he purchased 
 
 arms, then? 91 
 
 Purpure. 15, 17 
 
 See also the note on "Sanguine," S. of N., 2, i; 
 
 2, 292. 109-13 
 
 Pursuivants. 62-3 
 
 Not all pursuivants were members of the Heralds' 
 
 College. 78, 124 126 
 
 B.F., i, i; 2, 158. Mistake an honest, zealous 
 
 pursuivant for a seminary. 78 
 
 S. of N., Dram. Pers.; 2, 278. Piedmantle, pursuivant 
 
 at arms. 105 
 
 S. of N., 2, i; 2, 292. A pursuivant, my name is 
 
 Piedmantle.* 
 
 Tub., 2, i; 2, 454. Enter ... Metaphor disguis- 
 ed as a pursuivant. 126 
 Tub., 2, i; 2, 455. He is a pursuivant a arms.* 
 
 (The word occurs four times more on the 
 same page.)* 
 Tub., 2, i; 2, 456. You are a pursuivant? * 
 
 (The word occurs twice more on the same 
 page.)* 
 
 Quartering. See Marshalling. 37~49 
 
 Quarterly. Fig. 4. 24 
 
 Welbk., 3, 215. Azure and gules, quarterly. 135 
 
 Queen Anne, consort of James I. 21 
 
 Queen Elizabeth. See Elizabeth. 
 Queen at Arms. Cf . King at Arms. 
 N.I., 2, 2; 2, 360. Good queen of heralds, ply the 
 bottle, and sleep.* 
 
160 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 N.I., 3, 2; 2, 365. Foolish queen at arms, thy 
 
 blazon's false.* 
 
 Rampant. Fig. 5. 25, 33 
 
 B.F., Induction; 2, 146. As fresh a hypocrite as 
 
 ever was broached, rampant.* 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; I, loo. A boar without a head, ram- 
 pant. 93 
 E.M.O., 3, i; I, 100. Ay, and rampant, too! 93 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. A swine . . . ramping to 
 
 gentility. 93 
 
 Poet., 5, i; i, 256. Ramp up, my genius,* 
 Tub., 4, 2; 2, 468. An officer, rampant.* 
 
 Regardant. Reguardant. Fig. 16. 34, 80, 81 
 
 C.R., 3, 3; i, 170. If reguardant, then maintain 
 
 your station. 80 
 
 Reversed arms. See Degradation. 122 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 325. Reverse his coat-armour. 122 
 
 Richard III. Incorporates the Heralds' 
 
 College. 
 
 Richmond herald. 
 See also, Camden, William. 
 
 Rose. Fig. 8. 
 Mq. of Beauty, 3, 13. Two roses, a white and a 
 
 red.t * 
 
 Mq. of H., 3, 23. Lilies and roses. t * 
 P.H.B., 3, 69. The roses that ensigned particular 
 
 families. 59, 132 
 
 P.H.B., 3, 69. Joined the Rose and Thistle. 59, 132 
 
 F.I. (Mq.), 3, 198. Joining the bright Lily and 
 
 the Rose. 59, 134 
 
 Callip., 3, 203. Lilies and roses twining together. 59 
 
 Callip., 3, 203. The'Rose and Lily so delicious. 60, 134 
 
 Bols., 3, 221. The blended rose. 60, 135 
 
 Bols., 3, 221. White and red roses. 136 
 
 Rouge-Croix pursuivant. 62, 63 
 
 Rouge-Dragon pursuivant. 62, 63, 125 
 
 Roundels. 34 
 
 Sable. 15, 17 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 3; 2, 540. Still in sable and costly black 
 
 array, ha? t * 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, loo. Between two ann'lets sable. 94, 98 
 
 In the arms of Marston. Fig. 19. 102-3 
 
Index. 161 
 
 Sad Shepherd, The.* 
 
 Saint Andrew's Cross. See Saltier. Fig. 6. 28-9 
 Mq. of M.G., 3, 141. Fingers . . . held up in an 
 
 Andrew's cross. 133 
 St. George, Sir Richard, Norroy king of 
 
 arms. 39, 85, 88 
 
 Saint George's Cross. Fig. 6 and Fig. 24. 27, 28, 129, 130 
 P.H.B.,3,67. Marches ... with St. George's 
 
 cross. 130 
 
 Saltier. Fig. 6. 28-9 
 
 Sanguine. 15, 17 
 S. of N., 2, i; 2, 292. This so pure complexion, a 
 
 perfect sanguine. t 109-13 
 
 Dr. Winter's note on this passage. 109-10 
 
 Comment on Dr. Winter's note. 110-13 
 
 "Sanguine," in this passage, not heraldic. 113 
 
 Sans nombre. 83 
 Epi., 4, 2; i, 448. Tweaks by the nose sans 
 
 nombre. 83 
 
 Scotland, Arms of. 127 
 
 K.J.E., 2, 556. The . . . coat ... of Scotland. 127 
 
 Scotland, Badge of. See Thistle. 132 
 
 Scott, Sir Walter. Quotation from Mar- 
 
 mion, IV, vi, vii. 62-3 
 
 Scottish College of Arms. 62-3 
 
 Scrope-Grosvenor trial. 133 
 
 Scutcheon. Escutcheon. See Shield. 13, 21 
 
 C.I. A., 4, 4; 2, 544. A gudgeon! a scutcheon thou 
 
 wouldst say, man. 78 
 K.J.E., 2, 556. On either side also a crown, with 
 the like scutcheons, and peculiar coats of 
 
 France and Ireland. 127 
 
 Second, Of the. 18 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. A sun proper beamy twelve 
 
 of the second. H7> IJ 8 
 
 Segar, Sir William, Garter king of arms. 67, 109 
 Sejanus, His Fall.* 
 
 Semee. See under "sans nombre." 83 
 
 Mq. of H., 3, 22. Semined with stars. 34-5 
 
 Shakspere, Heraldic passages in: 
 Alfred von Mauntz: Heraldik in Diensten der 
 
 Shakespeares Forschung. 3> note 
 
162 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Quotation from Hamlet, 4, 2. 36 
 
 Quotation from The Merry Wives of Windsor, i, i. 3 
 
 Quotation from 7 he Merry Wives of Windsor, 5, 5. 55 
 
 Quotation from Much Ado About Nothing, i, i. . 36 
 
 Quotation from Richard II, 3, i. 123 
 
 Shield. The essential part of a coat of arms. 13 
 
 Forms of the heraldic shield. 21 
 See also, Escutcheon; Scutcheon; and Lozenge. 
 K.J.E., 2,556. Pensile shields . . . the one limned 
 with the particular coat of England, the 
 
 other of Scotland. . 127 
 Shirley, James! Quotation from The Ball, 
 
 i, i. 14 
 
 Silent Woman, The. See Epicoene. 80 
 
 Sinister. 23 
 Sogliardo. Character in Every Man Out of 
 
 His Humour. 89-98 
 His arms. Fig. 17 and Fig. 18. E.M.O., 3, i; i, 
 
 loo. 92-8 
 
 Summary of discussion of the arms of Sogliardo. 98 
 
 Sol. An heraldic term for gold. 17, 18, 116 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. I come from Sol. 115-16 
 
 Somerset herald. 62 
 
 Sources. 3-12, 139-41 
 
 Staple of News, The. 105-23 
 
 Edition by Dr. De Winter. 77, 142 
 
 Star. 34-5 
 
 Mq. of H., 3, 22. Semined with stars. 35 
 
 Subordinaries, or Subordinate Ordinaries. 
 
 See Ordinaries Generall. 26, 29 
 
 Sun. Fig. 22. 35> IX 7 
 
 How blazoned. n8 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. A sun proper beamy twelve 
 
 of the second. 117-118 
 
 Supporters. Frontispiece and Fig. 15. 54, 57-8 
 Supporters of the arms of the Tudor and Stuart 
 
 sovereigns. I2 5 
 Tub., i, 3; 2, 445. A dragon and a greyhound for 
 
 the supporters. I2 4~5 
 K.J.E., 2, 562. The entire arms of the kingdom, 
 
 with the garter, crown, and supporters. 128, 129 
 
 Tabard. Taberd. 126 
 
Index. !6 3 
 
 Tub., i, 3; 2, 445. The taberd of his office, I will 
 
 cal1 {i - 124, I2 6 
 
 Welbk., 3, 215. In a taberd, or herald's coat. 135 
 
 Welbk., 3, 216. Taberd or coat-armour. I 35 
 
 Tale of a Tub, A. I24 
 
 Tasselled. I2I 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. Argent, three leeks vert in 
 
 canton or, tasselled of the first. i i 2 i 
 
 Tenne. i^ j_ 
 
 Thistle. Emblem of Scotland. 132 
 
 P.H.B., 3, 69. Joined the Rose and Thistle. 132 
 
 Thorns pungent. I00 
 
 Poet., 2, i; i, 218. A bloody toe between three 
 
 thorns pungent. 99-104 
 
 Thynne, Francis. Lancaster herald. 63, 64, 141 
 
 Discourse of the Dutye and Office of an Heraulde 
 
 of Arms. 63, 64, 141 
 
 Tinctures. 14-15 
 
 Blazon of Tinctures. 17 
 
 Composition of Tinctures. 20 
 
 Modern method of indicating Tinctures. 19, 109-10, 112 
 
 See also: Metals; Colours; Furs. 
 E.M.O., Dedication; i, 61. Some bencher, tincted 
 
 with humanity.t* 
 
 Tub., 2, i; 2, 454. Staining the roseate tincture 
 of her blood with the dull dye of blue con- 
 gealing cold.t* 
 Mq. of Blk., 3, 5. The fearful tincture of abhorred 
 
 gray.t* 
 Merc. Vind. (Mq.), 3, 99. That's the word of 
 
 tincture. t* 
 
 Merc. Vind. (Mq.), 3, 99. Tincture of con- 
 science. t* 
 F.I. (Mq.), 3, 193. This little gallipot of 
 
 tincture, high rose tincture. t* 
 
 Toe. A bloody. 99-100 
 
 Poet., 2, i; i, 218. A bloody toe between three 
 
 thorns pungent. 99-104 
 
 Tricking. 19-20 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, 100. It cost me two shillings the 
 
 tricking. 94 
 
 Poet., i, i; \, 212. There they are tricked, they 
 
 and their pedigrees. 99 
 
164 Heralds & Heraldry. 
 
 Trumpeters. See Funerals, heraldic. 
 S. of N., i, a; 2, 288. Buried with the trumpeters. 
 
 . . . the heralds of arms. 105, 106-8 
 
 Tudor Rose. See Rose. 
 
 Usurpation of arms. 132-3 
 
 Chal. at T., 3, 88. Those arms are usurped. 132-3 
 
 Vanbrugh, Sir John; appointed Clarencieux. 85 
 
 Vert. , 15, 17 
 
 See also the note on "Sanguine," S. of N., 2, i; a, 
 
 292. 109-13 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, loo. Checquy, or, vert, and 
 
 ermins. 94, 96 
 
 S. of N., 4, i; 2, 322. Three leeks vert. 119,120 
 
 Vincent, Augustine, Windsor herald. 87 
 
 Visitations, heraldic. 64, 65, 68 
 
 Glover: Visitation of Yorkshire. 39~45> *39 
 
 Camden's visitations by deputy. 68, 86-8 
 
 Volpone, or The Fox. 126 
 
 Webster. Quotation from The Duchess of 
 
 Malfi, 4, 2. i 
 
 Windsor herald. 62, 63 
 
 See also, Vincent, Augustine. 87 
 
 Winter, Dr. De. Editor of The Staple of 
 
 News. 77, 142 
 
 His note on "Buried -with the trumpeters," S. 
 
 of N., i, 2; 2, 288. 107-8 
 
 On "The Elements and the Accidence," S. of N., 
 
 2, i; 2, 292. 108-9 
 
 On "Sanguine," S. of N., 2, i; 2, 292. 109-13 
 
 On "Sol," S. of N., 4, i; 2, 321. 116 
 
 Word. Motto. 52 
 
 E.M.O., 3, i; i, loo. Let the word be 'Not with- 
 out mustard. 1 94, 98 
 P.H.B., 3, 67. His crest . . . with this fit word, 
 
 'I serve.' 130, 132 
 
 Wreath. 51 
 
 Wyrley, William. His True Use of Armorie, 
 
 1592. 141 
 
 York herald. 62, 63 
 
 See also, Brooke, Ralph. 
 
 York, Rose of. See Rose. 
 
DATE DUE 
 
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