■pif |l;j ■;; • • ■• "^"^^n^^lESJ p[;::;: J^^^Ka K||n:; ' ^^Jlj^^^l pl ::;;:; 1 jbi;:: HOMOPIIONIC VOCABULARY IN TEN LANGUAGES ''Ml HOMOPHONIG VOGABaiARY CONTAINING MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND WORDS HAVING A LIKE SOUND AND LIKE SIGNIFICATION IN TEN LAN- GUAGES, TO WIT: ENGLISH, FRENCH, SPANISH, PORTUGUESE, ITALIAN, GERMAN, DUTCH, DANISH-NORWEGIAN, SWEDISH, AND RUSSIAN COMPILED BY CHARLES B. WAITE, A. M. — ALSO — *' Thoughts Concerning a Common Language;" Translated into each of the fore- going Languages, with a more extended Article on the same subject, in English. CHICAGO C. V. WAITE & CO. FOR SALE BY A. C. McCLURQ & CO. 190-4 Copyright by Charles B. Waite, A. M. 1904. P53H5 PREFACE f'lO^ The question of a common language is of the greatest importance to the human race, and is now more than ever engaging the attention of the civilized world. In any attempt that may be made to solve this great problem, the first thing to be done is to preserve and use what we already have in common. The words or modes of expression which are the same or nearly the same in various languages, should be made the basis on which to build. If a new language is to be formed, it must be constructed from these materials. The object of this Vocabulary is to show that a vast body of words are common to nearly all of the Indo-Germanic languages. It is scarcely necessary to say that many of these words have somewhat diflferent mean- ings in the diflferent languages. Even if the meaning were at first the same, it would soon be changed or modified in accordance with the man- ners and customs and modes of thought of the people by whom the words are used. Yet, notwithstanding all the diversities and variations, there is still a substantial similarity both of sound and of signification. These are the words from which should be taken the root words for a language common to the Indo-Germanic peoples. In what manner the language itself should be constructed, would be determined by eminent philologists and linguists selected and chosen for that purpose. In the article following the Vocabulary the compiler has fully ex- plained his views in regard to the initiatory steps to be taken in the inau- guration of such a reform. An abridgment of that article has been trans- lated into the other nine languages. The author wishes to acknowledge his obligations to Mr. Sigvard Sorenson, Assistant Librarian of the Newberry Library of Chicago, an accomplished linguist, who has rendered valuable assistance in the pros- 3 254699 ecution of this work. Also to Prof. G. Mantellini, Director of the Chi- cago School of Languages, for the intelligent interest manifested; also to Messrs. C Martin and Jacob A. Meislisch, of the Newberry Library, and J. N.Soderholm, of Chicago. If the author of this work has succeeded in furnishing suggestions which shall prove to be of any value as to the mode of commencing a work the importance of which is conceded by all, he will feel well repaid for his time and labor. VOCABULAIRE HOMOPHONIQUE Contenant PLUS DE 2000 MOTS Ayant un mSme son et une meme signification en dix Ungues; par exemple: Anglais, Pran^ais, Espagnol, Portugais, Italien, Allemand, liollandais, Danois=Norvegien, Suedois et Russe REUNIS PAR CHARLES B. WAITE, A. M. " Pensees concernant une langue commune," traduites dans les langues citees plus liaut, avec un traite plus etendu sur le m^'me sujet, en anglais. CHICAGO C. V. WAITE & C O. IU04 PREFACE La question d'une langue commune est de la plus grande import- ance pour la race humaine, et attire maintenant plus que jamais 1' atten- tion du monde civilise. Dans les tentatives a faire pour resoudre ce grand probleme, la pre- miere chose est de conserver et de se servir de ce que nous avons deja en commun. Les mots ou les expressions qui sont les memes ou sembla- bles dans les diiSerentes langues doivent etre la base d'ou Ton doit partir. Si Ton veut faire une nouvelle langue, elle doit etre faite avec ces materiaux. Le but de ceVocabulaire est de montrer la grande quantite de mots communs a presque toutes les langues Indo-Germaniques. II est a peine necessaire de dire que beaucoup de ces mots ont diflferentes interpreta- tions dans les diflferentes langues. Meme si la signification etait origi- nairement la meme, elle serait bientot changee ou modifiee, d'apres les manieres, coutumes, et points de vue des peuples qui se servent de ces mots. Cependant, malgre les diflferences et les varietes, il y a toujours une reelle siniilarite de son et de signification. Tels sont les mots dont on doit prendre les racines pour faire une langue commune aux peuples d'origine Indo-Germanique. Quelle sera la construction de cette langue ? Ceci reste a resoudre par d'eminents philologistes et linguistes choisis a cet eflfet. Dans r article suivant ce catalogue I'auteur a grandement explique ses vues regardant les premiers pas a faire pour inaugurer une telle re- forme. Un abrege de cet article a ete traduit en les neuf autres langues. ly'auteur desire reconnaitre toute 1' obligation qu'il a au Prof. Emile Lescat, de L' Alliance Frangaise, en cooperation avec I'Universite de Chicago, pour I'interet qu'il apriset I'assistancequ'il m'a renduedans I'accomplissement de ce travail. Si I'auteur a reussi a emettre des idees de valeur quant a la maniere de commencer un travail dont I'importance est reconnue par tous. il sera bien recompense pour son travail et son temps. Cliicago, 1904. ^- ^- '^'- PENSiiES CONCERNANT UNE LANGUE COMMUNE Cette langue ne serait pas une langue uaiverselle au debut, (cela prendrait peut-etre cent ans ou plus,) mais une langue comprehensible a toute la famille ou population IndoGermanique, Si des representants des langues les plus importantes de cette race pouvaient se r^unir ou for- mer un congres pour s'entendre sur une langue commune, les autres peuples feraient plus tard la meme chose, et graduellement il en resulterait une langue universelle. Suppose qu'un congres s'assemble compose d'eminents philolo- gistes et linguistes representant les dix langues suivantes: anglaise, francaise, espagnole, portugaise, italienne, allemande, hollandaise, dan- oise-norvegienne, suedoise, et russe. L'assemblee ainsi formee, repre- sentant les plus importantes des langues Indo-Germaniques, pourrait tres-bien prendre la responsibilite d'agir au nom de la famille entiere, et former une langue commune. Le congres s'etant rassemble, le premier pas a faire pour former une nouvelle langue serait de prendre des mots primitifs, ou racines de mots, pour en tirer des derives. Ou irons-nous chercher ces mots principaux? Oil, mais pas ailleurs que dans les langues deja connues et en usage par- mi les dix peuples representes dans le congres. La simple justice de- manderait des fondateurs que le congres ne cherchat pas une langue in- connue au lieu d'une deja en usage parmi ces dix peuples, et qu'il prit des mots deja usites parmi elles. Premierement, il y a beaucoup de mots qui n'ont pas seulement la m^me signification dans les dix diflferentes langues, mais a peu pres le meme son; et c'est manifestement de la qu'il faut prendre I'origine de ces mots. II y a plus de deux mille mots de cette nature en usage commun, chacun d'eux homophonique, dans ces dififerentes langues. Quand ces motsserontepuises, une nouvelle source serait dese servir de ces mots que Ton trouve avec similarite dans neuf de ces dix langues, puis dans ceux que Ton trouve dans huit, puis sept, et ainsi de suite. Si Ton suivait ce systeme, bien longtemps avant d'arriver aux limites d'une seule langue, les sources d'approvisionnement pour les mots origi- PENSEES CONCERNANT UNE LANGUE COMMUNE naires deviendraient pratiquement inepuisables, parce que chaquelistede mots ainsi obtenus serait plus complete que la precedente, Ces mots trouves dans la majorite des langues pourraient etre comptes par di- zaines de mille. Une application plus limitee des principes d' association en vue pent etre faite en se servant des phrases homophoniques, comme nous avons fait dans nos "Conversations Homophoniques" en quatre langues. Le Prof. Schleyer, dans le Volapiik, entreprit de construire unenou- velle langue. Quoiqne son systeme ait eu une courte popularite — le monde sentant le besoin de quelque systeme — il tomba completement en quelques annees. Le Prof. Schleyer se trompa d'abord en essayant de former une langue nouvelle — tache impossible a un seul homme. Mais sa plus grande erreur fut de ne pas reconnaitre le principe que les mots primitifs ou mots racines devaient etre en usage dans les autres langues. Prenez, par exemple, le mot fil. II .se traduit ainsi: anglais, thread; danois-norvegien, traad; suedois, trad; hollandais, draad; ital- ien, filo; espagnol, hilo; portugais, fio; allemand, faden; russe, nitka. Voici done un mot ayant le meme son dans quatre langues, et un autre mot tout-a-fait different, mais ayant un son semblable dans quatre autres langues. Cependant le Prof. Schleyer, ignorant ces huit langues et ces huit dififerents peuples, prit la racine de ce mot d'une seule langue: de I'allemand faden il prit fad, comme racine pour fil. Pour trouver un mot aussi court que possible, et qui aurait le meme son dans la majorite des langues, le mot racine ici devrait etre fil, du mot fran^ais fil, en latin filum. De ce mot comme racine nous avons deja plusieurs derives anglais, comme: filament, filaceous, filar, file, fili- form, filiferous, fillet, etc. L,es trois langues afiiliees a I'anglais sur le mot thread, ont aussi plusieurs de ces derivatifs, de sorte que le mot fil serait plus ou moins familier aces quatre peuples; tandis qu'il serait tout- a-fait familier aux quatre autres. Quand fad, voulant dire fil, pourrait etre compris par un allemand, ce mot serait etranger h un anglais, ou a un americain, ^ un fran^ais, a un espagnol, a un portugais, a un italien, k un hollandais, a un danois ou norvegien, a un suedois, ou a un russe. Une langue universelle n'a pas besoin d'attendre pour une commun- aute universelle. Beaucoup a dej^ ete fait pour unifier la race; et ce n'est pas esperer trop, qu'avant plusieurs dizaines d'annees, une langue uni- verselle, loin d'etre simplement un reve utopiste ou millenaire, devienne une glorieuse r6alite. VOCABULARIO HOMOFONO Conteniendo MAS DE 2000 PALABRAS que tienen el sonido y la significacion semejantes en diez lenguas, a saber: en ingles, trances, espanol, portugues, italiano, aleman, holandes, danes-noruego, sueco v ruso Compilado por CHARLES B. WAITE, A. M. TAMBIEN : " Pensamientos sobre una Lengua Comun," traducidos en las lenguas enumeradas arriba; con un articulo mas extenso en ingles acerea de la misma materia. CHICAGO C. V. WAITE & C O. P RO I,0 GO La cuestion de una lengua comun es de la mayor importancia d la raza humana, y al presente mas que nunca llama la atencion del mundo culto. En cualquier designio que se haga para solver este gran problema, lo primero que debe hacerse es conservar y usar lo que ya tenemos en comun. Las palabras 6 los modos de expresion que son los mismoso casi los mismos en varios idiomas debieran hacerse la base sobre la cual tene- mos que construir. Si ha de formarse una nueva lengua, debe construirse de estos mate- riales. El motivode este Vocabularioes mostrar la gran cantidad de palabras comunes a casi todas las lenguas Indo-Germanicas, No es necesario de- cir que muchas de estas palabras tienen significaciones algo diferentes en las diferentes lenguas. Aun si la significacion fuera la misma al prin- cipio, luego se cambiaria 6 se modificaria conforme a los metodos 3' las costumbres y los modos de pensar del pueblo que emplee las palabras. Sin embargo, aunque haya variedades y diferencias, existe no obstante una similaridad bastante material en el sonido asi como en el significado. Estas son las palabras de las cuales debieran sacarse las palabras radicales para una lengua que sea comun a todos los pueblos Indo-Ger- mdnicos. De que modo se debiera construir la lengua misma, lodeterm- inarian ilustres filologos y linguistas elegidos y escogidos para este pro- posito. En el articulo que va acontinuacion el autor ha explicado completa- mente sus opiniones acerca delas medidas iniciativas que han de toniarse al principiar tal reforma. Se ha hecho una traduccion abreviada de este articulo en los otros nueve idiomas. Si el autor ha logrado suministrar sugestiones que resulten dignas de atencion en cuanto al metodo de principiar una empresa en cuya im- portancia conviene todo el mundo, se sentira bien recompensado por el tiempo y trabajo que ha gastado en esta obra. C. B. W. Chicago, 1904. 10 PENSAMIENTOS SOBRE UNA LENGUA COMtJN No seria una lengua universal al principio — para lograr esto pasaria un siglo 6 mas — sin embargo seria una lengua que fuera comun a la fa- milia Indo-Gernianica. Si se juntaran en congreso los representantes de las lenguas mas importantes de esa familia, y si conviniesen en una lengua comun, despues pudieran hacer lo mismo las otras familias, de lo cual pudiera resultar liltimamente una lengua universal. Supongamos que se juntaran en congreso los filosofos y linguistas mas ilustres, representantes de las diez lenguas siguientes : ingles, frances, espanol, portugues, italiano, aleman, holandes, danes-noruego sueco, y ruso. Esta junta que representaria todas las mas importantes lenguas Indo-Germanicas, bien pudiera tomar a su cargo la representa- cion de la familia entera para construir una lengua comun. Ya habiendose convocado el congreso, el primer paso en formar una nueva lengua seria establecer palabras primitivas 6 radicales, de las cuales pudieran formarse los derivativos. i Donde buscaremos estas pa- labras? Es claro que debemos buscarlas entre las lenguas que ya estan empleando los diez pueblos representantes en el congreso. En simple justicia a sus electores el congreso debiera tener cuidado de que no se construyese una lengua sin pedirles consejo a ellos, sino que hiciesen caso de sus propias palabras que 3'a se usen comunmente. En primer lugar hay un volumen inmenso de palabras que tienen todas no solo el significado semejante, sino casi el mismo sonido en cada una de las diez lenguas; y es claro que de estas debemos sacar las pala- bras radicales. Hay mas de 2000 palabras de estaclase en uso comun, siendo homo- fonas en las diez lenguas cada una. Cuando ya se habian sacado todas estas palabras, la proxima canti- dad consistiria en las palabras que de semejante modose sacariandenue- ve entre las diez lenguas; entonces las que pudieran sacarse de ocho; des- pues de siete; y asi de las deraas hasta el fin. Siguiendo este curso, mucho antes de llegar al limite de una sola lengua, el conjunto de pa- labras radicales seria virtualmente inagotable, puesto que cada cantidad de palabras obtenidas de este modo seria mas grande que la anterior. El numero de tales palabras que se encontrarian en la mayoria de estas lenguas ascenderia a decenas de millares. Hasta cierto punto se podria aplicar este principio de relacion, em- II PENSAMIENTOS SOBRE UNA I.ENGUA COMUN pleando frases homofonas, como ya lo hemos hecho en nuestras "Con- versaciones Homofonas en Cuatro Lenguas." En el "Volapiik" el Profesor Schleyer emprendio a coiistruir una nueva lengua. Aunque su sistema gozo de breve popularidad — sintien- dose la necesidad de algiin metodo — no obstante a la vuelta de pocos aiios salio completamente mal. En primer lugar el Profesor Schleyer cometio el error de tratar de formar una nueva lengua. De esta tarea no es capaz ningun hombre solo. Pero su error mas grave consistio en que no reconocio el principio de que sus palabras radicales debian set comunes a otras lenguas. T6- mese por ejemplo la palabra thread. Se expresa asi : en ingles, thread ; en danes-noruego, traad ; en sueco, trad ; en holandes, draad ; en fran- ces, fil ; en italiano, filo ; en espanol, hilo ; en portugues, fio; en ale- man, faden ; en ruso, nitka. Pues bien, tenemos aqui una palabra que tiene el sonido semejante en cuatro lenguas, y otra palabra absolutamente diferente, la cual tiene sin embargo el sonido semejante en otras cuatro lenguas. No obstante el Profesor Schleyer, desatendiendo estas ocho lenguas yestos ocho pueblos, saco la palabra radical de una sola lengua; quiere decir que de la palabra alemana faden saco fad como la raiz por thread. Para obtener una palabra que sea cuanto mas breve y la cual tenga el sonido parecido en tantas lenguas como sea posible, fil debia haber sido la palabra primitiva 6 radical sacada de la palabra francesa fil, y derivada de la latina filum. De esta raiz ya tenemos muchos derivativosen ingles, a saber: Filament, filaceous, filar, file, filiform, filiferous, fillet, ets. Eas tres lenguas que tienen relacion con el ingles en la palabra thread tambien tienen varios de estos derivativos, de modo que la palabra fil se- rfa mas 6 menos facil a cuatro pueblos, y seria comun a los otros cuatro. Aunque pudiera reconocer un aleman la palabra fad en el sentido de thread, la desconoceria un ingles 6 un americano, un frances, portu- gues, italiano, holandes, danes, noruego, sueco, 6 ruso. Una lengua universal no tiene que esperar hasta que venga una comunidad universal. Ya se ha hecho mucho para unir la raza humana, y podemos fiarnos en que, antes que hayan pasado muchas decadas, habra resultado una lengua universal — no un suefio utopico 6 imaginario, sino mas bien una gloriosa realizacion. 12 VOCABULARIO HOMOPHONO O qual contem MAIS DE 2000 PALAVRAS que tern o sonido e a significa9ao semelhante em as dez Hnguas seguintes : In^Iez, Prancez, Hespanhol, Portuguez, Italiano, Ailemao, Hollandez, Danez-Noruego, Sueco e Russo Compilado por CHARLES B. WAITE, A. M. TAMBEM: " Pensamentos sobre uma Lingua Commutn," traduzidos nas linguas arriba ditas, com um artigo mais extenso em Inglez sobre o mesmo sujeito. CHICAGO C. V. \\^ A I T E E CIA. 1904 PRO IvO GO O assumpto d'uma lingua commum e mui importante para a raga humana, e agora mais que nunca chama a atten9ao de mundo culto. Em qualquer intento que se facpa para resolver este grande problema, a primeira cousa que ha de procurarse e conservar e usar o que ja temos em commum. As palavras e as maneiras de dizer que sao as mesmas ou quasi as mesmas em varios idiomas haveriam de fazer-se a base sobre a qual havemos de construir. Se ha de formar-se uma lingua nova deve construir-se com estes ma- teriaes. O object© d'este Vocabulario e mostrar a grande quantidade de palavras semelhantes em quasi todas as linguas Indo-Germauicas. Nao e necessario dizer que muitas d'estas palavras tem significagoes um pouco differentes nas linguas dififerentes. Ainda quando a significagao fosse a mesma no principio dove-se haver modificado ou cambiado segundo OS costumes e modos de pensar da gente que usasse as palavras. Com tudo, bem que haja variedadesedifferengas, existe uma semelhanga assaz material no sonido assim como na significafao. Estas sao as palavras das quaes hao de sacar-se as palavras radicaes para uma lingua que seja commum a todas as ragas Indo-Germanicas. O modo de construir a lingua mesma seria determiuado por philologos e linguistas illustres eleitos e escolhidos para este proposito. No artigo seguinte o autor tem explicado completamente as suas opinioes em quanto a as medidas que hao de tomar-se para principiar tal reform a. Se tem feitouma tradugao abreviada desto artigo nas outros nove idiomas. Se o autor tem logrado dar suggestoes dignas de attengao em quanto ao methodo de principiar uma empresa que todo o mundo julga impor- tante, se sentira brm recompensado do tempo e trabalho que tem gastado nesta obra. C. B. W, Chicago, 1904. 14 PENSAMENTOS SOBRE UMA LINGUA COMMUM Ao principio nao seria uma lingua universal, pois para lograr esto passaria urn seculo ou mais; a pezar d'esto seria uma lingua commum para a familia Indo-Germanica. Se os representantes das linguas mais importantes d'essa familia se ajuntassem num congresso para concertar uma lingua commum, as outras familias poderiam fazer depois a mesma cousa, e finalmente poderia resultar uma lingua universal. Supponhamos que sejuntassem em congresso os philosophos e lin- guistas mais illustres para representar as dez linguas seguintes : inglez, francez, hespanhol, portuguez, italiano, allemao, hollandez, danez-norue- go, sueco, e russo. Esta junta, que representaria todas as linguas Indo- Germanicas mais importantes, poderia tamben encarregar-se de repre- sentar a familia inteira para construir uma lengua commum. Uma vez chamado o congresso, o passo primeiro para formar uma lingua nova, seria estabelecer palavras primitivas ou radicaes, das quaes poderiam-se formar OS derivativos. ^Onde buscariamos estas palavras? Claramento devemos buscar-las entre as linguas que ja estam usando os dez povos representados no congresso. Para fazer justiga a sens elec- tores, o congresso deveria ter cuidado de que nao se formar-se uma lingua para essos povos senao empregando as palavras que ja se usen commum- mente. Primeiramente ha um numero grande de palavras que nao somente tem a mesma significagao, mas quasi o mesmo sonido em cada uma das dez linguas, e e claro que d'estas devemos sacar as palavras radicaes. Ha mais de 2000 palavras d'esta classe em use commum, sendo ho- mophonas, em cada uma das dez linguas. Guando todas estas palavras se tenham sacado, a proxima quanti- dade consisteria das palavras que d'um modo semelhante se sacariam de nove das dez linguas ; entao das que poderiam sacar-se d'oito, depois de sete, e assim ate o fim. Seguindo este methodo, muito antes de chegar ao limite de uma lingua soa, o conjuncto das palavras radicaes seria vir- tualmente inesgotavel, postoque cada quantidade de palavras conseguidas d'este modo seria mais grande que a anterior. O numero de taes palavras encontradas na maioria d'estas linguas chegaria a dezenas de milhares. Este principio de rela^ao poderia ate certo ponto applicar-se empre- 15 PENSAMENTOS SOBRA UMA LINGUA COMMUM gando phrases bomophonas, como jd temos feito, nas nossas " Conversa- yoes Homophonas' ' em quatra linguas. O Professor Schleyer emprehendeu com " Volapiik" construir uma nova lingua. Aiuda quando o seu systema gozou de breve popularidade porque se sentia a necessidade d'algun metbodo, depois de poucos annos sabiu completamente mal, Em primeiro Ingar o Professor Schleyer commetteu o erro de querer formar uma lingua nova. Um so homem nao e capaz d'esta tareia. Porem o seu erro mais grande foi nao reconhecer o principio de que a suas palav- ras radicaes deviao ser commums a outras linguas. Tome-se por exem- plo a palavra thread. Em ingles se diz thread; em danez-noruego, traad; em sueco, trad ; em hollandez, draad ; em francez, fil ; em italiano, filo; em bespanhol, hilo; em portugeuz, fio, em alleman, faden ; em russo, nitka. Pois bem, temos aqui uma palavra que tem o sonido semelhante em quatro linguas, e outra palavra absolutamente differente, a qual tem, nao obstante, o sonido semelhante em outras quatro linguas; a pezar d'esto, o Professor Schleyer, fazendo a um lado estas oito linguas e estes oito po- vos, sacou a palavra radical d'uma soa lingua, porque da palabra allema faden sacou fad como a radical de thread. Para obter uma palavra que seja muito mais breve e que tenha o so- nido semelhante em tantas linguas quantas seja possivel, fil devou ter sido a palavra primitiva ou a radical sacada da palavra franceza fil, de- rivada da palabra latina filum. D'esta raiz ja temos muitos derivativos em ingles, a saber: Filament, filaceous, filar, file, filiform, filiferous, fil- let, etc. As tres linguas que tem relagao com o inglez na palavra thread, tambem tem varios derivativos, de modo que a palavra fil seria pouco mais o menos facil para quatro povos, e seria commum aos outros quatro. Se bem um allemao poderia reconhecer a palavra fad no sentido de thread, um inglez e um americano, um francez, um portuguez, um itali- ano, um hollandez, um hespanhol, um danez ou noruego, um sueco, ou um russo, nao poderiam reconhece-la. Uma lingua universal nao tem que esperar ate que venha uma com- mumidade universal. Muito se tem jd feito para unir a raga humana, e podemos ter confiauQa de que antes de que tenham pasado muitos decen- nios, jd havemos de haver uma lingua universal. Nao como um sonho utopico e imaginario, mas como uma realizagao gloriosa. i6 VOCABOLARIO OMOFONETICO Coatenente PIU DI 2000 PAROLE di simile suono e simile significato in diecf lingue, come le seguenti: L'Inglese, il Francese, lo Spagnuoio, il Portoghese, ritaliano, il Tedesco, I'Olandese, il Danese- Norvega, lo Svedese ed il Russo Redatto dal Signer CHARLES B. WAITE, A. M. CON AGGirXTA UI ; " Studi e pensieri concenienti una lyingua da usarsi in comune, tradotti in ciascuna delle sopradette lingue con un articolo piu esteso sullo stesso soggetto. nella lingua inglese. CHICAGO C. V. ^V^ A I T E & CO. PREFAZIONE L,a questione di una sola lingua da usarsi comunemente fra i popoli, e della niaggior importanza per il genere umano, ed ora piu che giammai ha attratto I'attenzione del mondo civile. Con ogni tentativo che si puossa fare por solvere questo grande pro- blema, la prima cosa da considerarsi e di mantenere ed impiegare cio che gia abbiamo comunemente in uso. Le parole omodi per esprimersi, sono gli stessi o quasi i medesimi in varie lingue, e questi dovrebbero esser la base sulla quale fondarsi. Se una nova lingua dev' esser fondata, bisogna che sia formata con tali materiali. Lo scopo di questo vocabolario e per dimostrare qual immenso capi- tale di parole e usato in comune fra quasi tutte le lingue Indo-Germani- che. ^ ovvio 1' aggiungere che molte di queste parole posseggono un di ver- so significato nelle differenti lingue. Sia pure che il loro significato fosse dapprincipio lo stesso, si sarebbe tosto cambiato o modificato in rapporto ai modi, costumiepensieri dei popoli fra cui le parole sono in uso. Pure, cionondimeno tutte le diversita e varianti, esiste sempre una similitu- dine sostanzievole, sia nel suono che nel significato. Oueste sono le parole dalle quali si deve attingere alia radice, per for- mare una lingua da usarsi in comune fra i popoli Indo-Germanici. In qual modo la lingua in se medesima, dovrebbe esser formata, e da determi- narsi da eminenti filologhi e poliglotti, scelti per questo scopo. Neir articolo che segue questo catalogo I'autore ha pienamente spie- gato le sue viste riguardanti i passi preliminarii da prendersi per inaugu- rare questa riforma. Un' aggiunta a questo articolo e stata tradotta nelle altre nove lingue. Se I'autore ha riuscito nell' intent(3 di far germogliare un suggeri- mento che serva di qualche utilita come iniziativa per principiare un lavoro, la di cui importanza e riconosciuta da tutti, egli si sentira ampia- mente compensato per la sua perdita di tempo e le sue fatiche. C B. W Chicago, 1904. i8 IDKE CONCERNENTI UNA LINGUA DA USARSI IN COMUNE ERA I POPOLI Non sarebbe dapprincipio una lingua universale — ci6 prenderebbe cento o piu anni — ma una lingua che fosse in comune uso fra la famiglia Indo-Germanica. Se i rappresentanti delle piii importanti lingue di quella famiglia potessero unirsi in un congresso e trovarsi d'accordo a pro- posito di una lingua in comune, dopo le altre famiglie potrebbero fare lo stesso, ed eventualmente una lingua universale potrebbe risultare. Supponendo che un congresso si riunisca composto di eminenti filo- loghi e poliglotti, che rappresentassero le seguenti dieci lingue: Inglese, Francese, Spagnuolo, Portoghese, Italiano, Tedesco, Olandese, Danese Norvega, Svedese, e Russo. Quest' assemblea cosi convenuta, rappre- senterebbe in tal modo tutte le piu importanti lingue Indo-Germaniche e potrebbero bene assumere I'incarico di agire per tutta I'intera famiglia nella formazione di una lingua da usarsi in comune. Una volta riuuito il congresso, il primo passo da prendersi nella formazione di una nuova lingua, sarebbe di stabilire parole primitive o radicali, sulle quali si potrebbero formare derivativi. Dove dobbiamo noi andare a cercare queste parole? Dove, se non fra le lingue gia in comune uso fra i dieci popoli, rappresentati nel congresso ? Comepura giustizia ai loro constituenti, sarebbe necessario che il congresso osser- vasse che una lingua non e formata sopra la testa della gente a disprezzo delle loro parole, gia comunemente in uso. In primo luogo, vi e un gran numero di parole, ognuna delle quali non solamente possiede un medesimo significato, ma quasi un simile su- ono, in cada una delle dieci lingue; e questo e manifestamente il primo luogo per cercare la radice delle parole. Vi sono piu di 2000 parole di questo carattere in uso comune, ognuna di queste omofonica in tutte le dieci lingue. Quaudo queste parole saranno esaurite, la prossima sorgente di ricer- che sarebbe fra quelle parole che si assomiglierebbero fra nove delle dieci lingue, poi fra otto, poi fra sette, e cosi di seguito. Proseguendo questo corso, molto prima di arrivare al limite di una sola lingua, la sor- gente della ricerche per la radice delle parole diventerebbe, praticamente parlando, inesauribile, poiche ogni lista di parole ottenute in tal modo sarebbe piu grande della precedente, II numero delle parole che sareb- 19 IDEE CONCERNENTI UNA LINGUA DA USARSI IN COMUNE ERA I POPOLI bero trovate nella maggior parte di queste liugue ammonterebbe a delle di- ecine di migliaia. Applicando iin principio piu limitato di associazione conteso, si puo fare usando frasi omofoniche e come e stato fatto nel nostro fascicolo " Conversazioni Omofonetiche, " redatto in quattro lingue. II Prof. Schleyer, nel "Volapiik", intraprese la formazione di una nuova lingua. Quantunque questo suo sistema avesse un assai breve popolarita, (il mondo sentendo ilbisogno di qualche cosa di nuovo,) pure in pochi anni provo di essere un fiasco completo. II Prof. Schleyer com- mise un errore, in prime luogo, cercando di formare una nuova lingua. Nessun uomo e capace di tanto. Eppoi il suo piu grande eirore fu nel non voler riconoscere il prin- cipio che le sue parole, diro radicali, dovessero esser comuni alle altre lingue. Prendete per esempio la parola thread. Si svolge cosi: in In- glese, thread; in Danese-Norvega, traad; in Svedese, trad; in Olandese, draad; in Francese, fil; in Italiano, filo; in Spagnuolo, hilo; in Porto- ghese, fio; InTedesco, faden; in Russo, nitka. Ecco qui una parola con un suono eguale in quattro lingue, e un' altra parola, del tutto difierente, ma con un simile suono in quattro altre lingue. Pure il Prof. Schleyer, ignorando queste otto lingue e quest i ot- to popoli, prese la parola radicale da una sola lingua. Dal Tedesco faden egli prese fad come la parola radicale filo. Per ottenere una parola tanto corta che possibile ed una che risounasse similmente in tante lingue che fosse possibile, la voce primi- tiva o radicale dovrebbe essere fil, dal Francese fil, Latino filum. Da cio comeradice, noi abbiamo gia molti derivativiin Inglese, come: Filament, filaceous, filar, file, filiform, filiferous, fillet, eccetera. L,e tre lingue le quali si aflSgliano coll' Inglese nella parola thread, posseggono anche pa- recchi di quest! derivativi; di modo che la parola fil sarebbe piu o meno familiare alle altre quattro. Mentre che fad, significando thread, potrebbe esser riconosciuto da uu Tedesco, sarebbe una strana parola per un Inglese, per un Amer- icano, per uno Spagnuolo, per un Portoghese, per un Italiano, per un Olandese, per un Danese, per un Norvega, per uno Svedese, e per un Russo. Una lingua universale non ha bisogno di aspettareper un'universale comunita. Molto e gia stato fatto collo scopo di unire la razza, e non 6 da pretendere molto, che prima di non poche diecine d'anni siano pas- sate, una lingua universale, iuvece di essere un soguo utopico o mille- nario, diventi una gloriosa realta. 20 |0m0fjl)0utfd)C0 Hl0rteruer^ctd|ni0 2Ucl7r a Is 2 00 IDortcr 'l^elcfic cincn ^(eic^en 2aut unb 93cbcutimg in jc^n ticrfrfjicbcnctt 2 |J r CI f^ c n i)abcn, ndmnrf) t gufamincngetragen von Cl^arles 3. tPaite, ^l. 211. Hebft „Betrad7tun^cn, bctrcffenb cine alli^emetne Spracfjc," ubcrfcl>t in jo5e bcr obt^en 5etjn Sprad^cn; mtt einem crfldrenbcn ^tuffafec iibcr bcnfelbcn (Sc^jenftanb in bet cnglifdjcu Spradje. CHICAGO C. V. WAITE & CO. 1901 V O R W O R T Die Frage in Bezug einer allgemeinen Sprache, ist von grosster Wichtigkeit fiir das menschliche Geschlecht, und zieht jetzt mehr als je die Aufmerksamkeit der civilizirten Welt auf sich, Sollte man sich dazuentschliessen, diese grosse Aufgabe zu loseu, das Erste was man eu thun hatte ware zu behalten und gebrauchen was wir schon gemeinschaftlich haben. Die Worter oder Redeweise welche in verschiedenen Sprachen gleich sind, sollte man als Grundlage ge- brauchen, worauf zu bauen ware, Wenn eine neue Sprache gebildet werden soil, muss sie aus diesen Materialien zusammengesetzt werden. Der Zweck dieses Worterverzeichnis ist zu zeigen welch grosse An- zahl Worter sich gleich sind in beinahe alien Indo-Germanischen Sprachen. Es ist kaum nothig zu bemerken dass viele dieser Worter eine etwas verschiedene Bedeutung haben in den verschiedenen Sprachen. Wenn aber auch die Bedeutung anfanglich dieselbe ware, wiirde diese sich bald verandern oder modificiren in Uebereinstimmung mit den Ma- nieren und Gewohnheiten und Denkweise der Volker von denen die Worter gebraucht werden, Indessen, ungeachtet all dieser TJngleich- heiten, und Verschiedenheiten besteht eine wesentliche Gleichartigkeit in Klang und Bedeutung. Diese nun sind die Worter von welchen die Wurzelworter fiir eine all- gemeine Sprache fiir die Indo-Germanischen Volker zu entnehmen sind, Auf welche Weise die Sprache selber zusammenzusetzen ware, miisste von hervorragenden Philologen und Sprachgelehrten, welche zu diesem Zwecke zu wahlen sind, entschieden werden. In dem Aufsatze welches auf dieses Verzeichnis folgt, hat der Ver- fasser seine Ansichten auseinandergesetzt, welche einleitende Schritte zu nehmen waren um ein solcher Reform zu Stande zu bringen. Ein Aus- zug dieses Aufsatzes ist in den andern neun Sprachen iibersetzt worden. Der Verfasser fiihlt sich hinreichend fiir seine Miihe entschadigt, wenn cs ihm gelungen ist, einige Andeutungen niederzulegeu, welche bei (er Ausfiihrung eines solchen Unternehmens Verwendung finden konnien. C, B. W. Chicago, H)04. 22 BETRACHTUNGEN BETREFFEND EINE ALLGEMEINE SPRACHE Es wiirde keine universale Spracbe sein, vorlaufig wenigstens nicht — dazu wiirde wohl hundert oder mehr Jahren nothig sein — jedoch eine Sprache von welcher die Indo-Germanischen Volker gemeinsamen Ge- brauch maclien konnten. Wenn Vertreter der wichtigsten Sprachen dieser Volker zu einer Versammlung znsammen komnien und sich iiber eine allgemeine Sprache einigen konnten, die andern Volker konnten spater dasselbe thun, und nacb und nach eine universale Sprache wiirde entstehen. Gesetzt eine Versammlung findet statt, zusammengestellt von her- vorragenden Philologen und Sprachgelehrten, welche die nachstehenden zehn Sprachen representiren: Englisch, Franzosisch, Spanisch, Portugie- sisch, Italienisch, Deutsch, Hollandisch, Danisch-Norwegisch, Schwed- isch, und Russisch. Diese Versammlung, vertretend die wichtigsten In- do-Germanischen Sprachen, konnte wohl im Stande sein eine allgemeine Sprache zusammenzustellen. Das Erste was diese Versammlung nun zu thun hatte, um eine neue Sprache zu bilden, ware das Feststellen von urspriinglichen oder Wurzel- worter, von welchen Ableitungen gemacht werden konnten. Wo werden wir diesen Worter suchen miissen? Wo sonst als in den Sprachen welche schon im allgemeinen Gebrauch sind von den zehn Volkern welche in der Versammlung vertretensind? Es ist nur zu erwarten, dass die Versamm- lung darauf sehen sollte, dass eine Sprache nicht formirt wird ohne Bezug zu nehmen auf ihren eigenen Worter welche schon im allgemeinen Ge- brauch sind. Erstens, gibt es ein grosser Anzahl Worter von welchen ein jedes nicht alleineine gleiche Bedeutung hat, sondern audi beinahe denselben Laut besitzt, in jeder der zehn Sprachen; und es liegt auf der Hand dass man da die Wurzelworter finden wiirde. Es gibt iiber 2000 Worter dieser Art im allgemeinen Gebrauch, ein jedes homophonisch in jeder der zehn Sprachen. Wenn dieser Vorrat Worter erschopft sein wird, der nachste Vor- rat wiirde bestehen aus Worter welche gleichartig waren in neun der zehn Sprachen; dann solchen die gleichartig waren in acht; dannsieben, und so abwarts. Sollte man diese Richtung folgen, lange bevor die Grenze einer einzelnen Sprache erreicht sein wird, wiirde die Bezugsquelle fiir Wurzelworter einfach unerschopflichsein, denn jede Eiste von Worter dieser Art erlangt, wiirde grosser sein als die vorhergehende. , Die Anzahl 23 solcher Worter welche in der Mehrzahl dieser Sprachen zu finden waren, wiirde man bis in den zehntausenden zahlen konnen. Jedoch sind es nicht nur Worter, sondern auch ganze Siitze, welche man homophonisch gebrauchen kann, wie wir in unsere " Homophonic Conversations" in vier Sprachen gezeigt haben. Prof. Schleyer, Erfinder der Volapiik, nahm auf sich eine neue Sprache zusammenzustellen.' Obgleich seine Methode sich anfanglich eine kurze Popularitat erfreute — man fiihlte das Bediirfniss von etwas — bewies es sich jedoch innerhalb wenige Jahren als ein totaler Fehlschlag. Prof. Schleyer beging einen Fehler, indem er versuchen wollte, ein neue Sprache zu bilden. Niemand ist im Stande dies zu thun. Jedoch sein grosster Irr- thum war, dass er den Grundsatz nicht anerkannte, dass seine Wurzel- worter mit andern Sprachen iibereinstimmen soUten. Man nehme zum Beispiel das Wort thread. Dieses ist: Englisch, thread; Danisch-Norweg- isch, Traad; Schwedisch, trad; Hollandisch, draad; Franzosisch, fil; Ital- ienisch, filo; Spanisch.hilo; Portugiesisch, fio; Deutsch, Faden; Russisch, nitka. Hier, nun, haben wir ein Wort welches einen gleichen Klang in vier Sprachen hat, und ein anderes Wort, ganzlich verschieden, aber mit ein- em gleichen Klange, in vier anderen Sprachen. Trotzdem hat nun Prof. Schleyer, indem er diese acht Sprachen and diese acht Volker unbeachtet lasst, sein Wurzelwort aus einer einzigen Sprache entnommen. Vom deutschen Wort Faden nahm er fad als Wurzelwort fur thread. Um nun ein Wort zu bekommen, welches so kurz wie moglich ist, und welches gleich klingt in so viele Sprachen als moglich, das urspriing- liche oder Wurzelwort miisste nun sein fil, vom Franzosischen fil, latein- isch filum. Von diesem W^ort als Wurzel genommen, besitzen wir schon viele Ableitungen im Englischen, z. B: Filament, filaceous, filar, file, fil- iform, filiferous, fillet, u. s. w. Die drei Sprachen welche mit dem eng- lischen Wort thread libereinstimmen haben ebenfalls verschiedene solclie Ableitungen; in diesem Falle also ware das Wort fil mehr oder weniger alien diesen vier Volker bekannt, wahrend es den andern vier Volker gut bekannt ware. Indem nun fad, in der Bedeutung von thread, von einem Deutscher leicht zu erkennen ware, wiirde es ein fremdes Wort sein fiir ein Engliind- cr oder Amerikaner, ein Franzose, ein Spanier, ein Portugiese, ein Itali- e ner , ein Hollander, ein Dane oder Norweger, ein Schwede, oder ein Russe. Eine universale Sprache braucht nicht zu warten bis eine universale Gemeinde eingefiihrt ist. Es ist schon viel geschehen umdie Volker naher zu einander zu bringen und zu vereinigen; und es wird wohl nicht zu viel gesagt sein, das be vor viele Jahrzehnte vergehen eine universale Sprache, anstatt ein utopischer Traum, eine glorreiche Wirklichkeit sein wird. 24 Hofflophoonsch Woordenlijst Bevattende OVER 2000 WOORDEN Qelijkluidend en hcbbende gelijke beteekenis in tien talen; n.I.: Engelsch, Pransch, 5paansch, Portugeesch, Italiaansch, Duitsch, Nederlandsch, Deensch-Noorweegsch, Zweedsch en Russisch Samengesteld door CHARLES B. WAITE, A. M. BENEVENS Gedachten aangaande eene algemeeue taal," vertaald in elk der 'l)Ovengenoemde talen; met een meer uitgebreid artikel omtrent het zelfde onderwerp in de Engelsche taal. CHICAGO C. V. WAITE & CO. VOORWOORD HET vraagstuk aangaande eene algemeene taal is van het grootste belang voor het menschelijk geslacht en trekt nu meer dan ooit, de opraerkzaaniheid der beschaafde wereld op zich. Het eerste dat zou moeten geschieden, om dit vraagstuk op te lossen, is: te behouden en te gebruiken wat wij alreeds hebben. De woorden of manier van uitdrukkiug welke gelijk-of bijna gelijk zijn, in verschillende talen, zouden als grondslag gebruikt moeten worden, op welke men zou kunnen bouwen. Indien eene nieuwe taal gevormd zou worden, dan moet het met dit materiaal gevormd worden. Het doel van ditWoordenlijst is, te toonen welk groot aantal van woorden gelijk zijn, in bijna al de Indo-Germaansche talen. — Het is nauwelijks noodig er op aantewijzen dat een aantal dezer woorden, eene eenigzins verschillende beteekenis hebben in de verschillende talen. Zelfs indien de beteekenis hetzelfde ware, zou deze toch spoedig veranderd en gewijzigd worden in overeenstemming met de manieren, gewoonten en wijze van denken van degenen die de woorden gebruiken. Evenwel, niettegenstaande dezer verschillen en afwijkingen. bestaat er een wezen- lijke gelijkheid van klank en beteekenis. Deze nu, zijn de woorden die als grondslag voor eene algemeene taal voor de Indo-Germaansche volken kunnen gebruikt worden. Op welke wijze de taal zelve zou moeten gevormd worden, zullen wij moeten overlaten aan bekwame filologen en taalgeleerden, gekozen zijnde voor dit doel. In het artikel hetwelk op deze woordenlijst volgt, heeft de schrijver zijne gedachten en bedoelingen, omtrent de inleidende stappen verklaard, welke zoude kunnen genomen worden, als inwijding van zulk een her- vorming. Eene verkorting van dit artikel is vertaald in de negen ande- reu talen. Indien hij het doel bereikt heeft met het geven van aanwij/.ingen welke zullen blijken van waarde te zijn, tot het beginnen van een werk, het welks gewigt door iedereen gewaardeerd wordt, zal hij zich voor zijne moeite en tijd ten voile beloond gevoelen. Ik wensch door deze mijne dank te betuigen aan den Heer C. Martin, van The Newberry lyibrary Chicago, voor de belangstelling en hulp bewezen tot het tot stand brengen van dit werk. 26 Gcdachten aani^aande cene algemecne Taal Zou geen algemeene taal zijn, voorloopig uiet — daarvoor zulleii er wel een honderd, of nog meer jaren voor noodig zijn — , maar een taal die gebruikt zou kunnen worden door de Indo-Germaansche volksstammen. Indien vertegenwoor- digers van de voornaamste talen dczer volksstammen samen konden komen en tot het invoeren eener algemeene taal kon- deu besluiten, de andere \olksstammen, dit voorbeeld volgende, de uit- komst eeue algemeene taal op te rigten ware verzekerd. Veronderstellen wij dat een vergadering plaats vond, bestaande uit bekwamen filologen en taalkundigen, vertegenwoordigende de volgende 10 talen: Engelsch, Fransch, Spaansch, Portugeesch, Italiaansch, Duitsch, Nederlandsch, Deensch-Noorweegsch, Zweedsch en Russisch. De vergadering vertegenwoordigende als 't ware de voornaamste Indo- Germaansche talen, zoude in staat zijn, de taak tot het vormen eener algemeene taal, op zicli te nemen. De vergadering voltallig zijnde, het eerste wat gedaan moet worden cm eene nieuwe taal te formeeren, is het bevestigen en vasthouden der oorspronkelijke woorden, van welken afleidingen zouden kunnen ge- vormd worden. — Waar zullen wij die woorden vinden? Natuurlijk in die talen welke reeds in gebruik zijn door de volken vertegenwoordigd op de vergadering. Het spreekt van zelf dat de vergadering er op moet letten, geene woorden te gebruiken welke niet reeds in algemeen gebruik zijn. In de eerste plaats, er bestaan een groot aantal woorden, welke ieder, niet alien eene gelijke beteekenis, maar ook bijna de gelijke klank hebben, in elk der tien talen, en het is slechts natuurlijk daaruit woorden te ontleenen, om den grondslag van de nieuwe taal te leggen. Er zijn meer als 2000 zulke woorden in algemeen gebruik, ieder homophoonsch in elk der tien talen. Wanneer deze voorraad woorden uitgeput is, de naaste bron van voorraad zoude zijn, die woorden welke gelijksoortig zijn in negen der tien talen; dan die welke gelijksoortig zijn in aclit; dan in zeven, dan in zes talen, en zoo voort. Op deze wijze is de voorraad van gelijksoortige woorden nagenoeg onuitputtelijk, voor dat men met eene taal ten einde is, terwijl elke lijst van woorden op deze manier verkregen, grooter zou zijn dan de voorgaande. Het aantal dezer woorden, welke in de meeste dezer talen te vinden zijn, zou tot in de tienduizende loopen. Eveneeus als men gelijke woorden in de verschillenHe talen voor 27 eene algemeene taal gebruiken kan, zijn ook gelijkluidende, of homo- phoonsche zinnen te gebruiken, zoo als wij in onze "Homophonic Con- versations" iu vier talen, bewtzen hebben. Prof. Schleyer in the Volapiik,nam de taak op zich, oni ecne nieinve taal samentestellen, maar hoewel dezelve aanvankelijk gevolg scheen te hebben, — men gevoelde de noodzakelijkheid er van, bleek bet na verloop van eenige jaren eene mislukking te zijn. Prof. Sclileyer l)egiug eene font en wel, die, om eene nieuwe taal te maken. Niemand is in staat dit te volbrengen. Zijn grootste dwaling bestond daarin, om niet woor- den van andere talen als grondslag te gebruiken. Neem, bij voorbeeld het woord "thread." In 't Engelsch "thread"; Deensch-Xoorweegsch "traad"; Zweedsch, "trad"; Nederlandsch, "draad"; Fransch, "fil" ; Italiaansch, "filo"; Spaansch, "hilo"; Portugeesch, "fio"; Duitsch, "faden"; Russisch, "nitka." Hier nu is een woord gelijkluidend in vier talen, en een ander woord geheel verscliillend, maar gelijkluidend in vier andere talen. Prof. Schleyer evenwel, legde deze acht talen en acht volken ter zijde, en nam als grondslag een woord uit slechts eeneu taal. Van het Duitsche "faden' ' nam hij "fad" als grondslag voor draad. Om een woord te verkrijgen hetgeen zoo kort mogelijk en gelijklui- dend in zooveel talen als mogelijk is, zoude het woord "fil", uit het Fransch, "fil"; L,atijn, "filum", moeten gebruikt worden. \'an dit woord als een grondslag, bestaan er reeds velen afleidingen in het Engelsch, b.v. — Filament, filaceous, filar, file, filiform, filiferous, fillet, enz. Dedrie talen welke overeenstemmen met het Engelsch aangaande het woord "thread", hebben eveneens verscheidene zulke afleidingen; in dit geval nu, vier van deze volken zouden met het woord "fil", meer of min be- kend zijn, terwijl het bepaald bekend zoude zijn met de andere vier volken. Terwijl "fad", in de beteekenis van "draad", door een Duitscher makkelijk te herkennen is, is het evenwel een vreemd woord voor een Engelschman of een Amerikaan, een Franschman, een Spanjaard, een Portugees, een Italiaan, een Nederlander, een Deen, een Noorweger, eon Zweed of een Rus. Het is niet noodzakelijk om alle volken tot een te vereenigen om eene algemeene taal tot stand te brengen. Er is reeds veel gedaan om de ver.schillende volken nader tot elkander te brengen, en het is buiten twijfel dat, voor en aleer er menige tiental jaren voorbij gegaan zullen zijn, een algemeenen taal, inplaats van een onmogelijke droom, een heerlijke verwezenlijking zal zijn. 28 ^omofoniffi ^ofiaBufar meb (Dvcv cLo (Luftnbc ®r5 af liac ^yb oq, Sprog, nenilicj: ©ngelfit* J^trattfh, ^panfttj ^Jortueirtrit, litaUenfU, ^^yTk, 0CK 3,^u»rtrh Samlet af Cfjarles B. Waite, A. M. (EiUigcmeb "2tutYbnin^er til ct ^t-cllcsfproj,," orcrfat til brcrt af be ODcnna:untc Sprocj mob en mere ubfcsrli^ 2lrtifcl om fammc (£mne paa (Eiujelff. CHICAGO C. Y. WAITE & CO. ^oroth ^3^p0xq •§ nta a I e t om et 5cEUe»)prot3 cr af ft0r|te SSigtig^eb for 9JJenne)'fei"(cEg= ^^ ten oi] paafalber mt mere enb f0r ben ciDiliferebe S3erben§ Dpma'rf]onit)eb. i8cb etl}Uert ^oi^l't^S/ ber maatte gj^re^ );)aa at \0]t bette ftore problem, ffulbe bet f0r[te nacre at bedarc og brnge, Ijoab atlerebe er fixtle§ Gienbom. ^e Drb og Ubtri)t^maaber, fom er be famme eQer nogenlnnbe be famme i for[fjcHige ©prog, burbe blioe ben (SJrunbdoIb, fjOorpaa di ffulbe bt)gge. ©aafremt et nt)t Sprog [fal banne^5, maa bet opfsreS af bi§fe SJ^aterialer. ipenfigten meb bette iBofabuIar er at dife, Ijdilfet nljijre ftort Drbforraab er fcelle^ for nceften alle inbo^germanffe Sprog. jDet bet)0de§ fnapt at fige§, at mange af bi^^fe Crb (lar Ittbet^ afdigenbe SJJcninger i be forffjellige ©prog. @eld om SRcningcn dor ben famme i 33egi)nbelfen, dilbe ben bog fnart bitde foranbret og (empet ))aa i Ddeven'oftemmelfe meb S^ber og ©fi!!e og Xtrufemaaben bo§ be golf, ber brnger Drbene. Xrob^ alle 5(fdigelfer og goranbringer er ber bog en dcefentlig Sigfieb baabe meb .^enfi^n til Sijb og 53etijbning. ^t»fe Crb er bet ha, l)0orfra ©tamorbene ffulbe f)entey for et fVcelleSfprog blanbt be iiibo^germnnffe golfeflag. '^aa ^dilfen SOtaabe felde ©progct ffnibe fouftritereji, dilbe bcftemme» cf fremragenbe gilologer og ©progmo^nb, font dar dalgte i bet S'iemeb. ^ Strtitelen, fom fbfgcr eftcr benne gortegnclfe, f}ar 3oi"fiittcren lilfulbe forftaret fin ©ijn^maabe meb 4')en|i)n til be inblcbenbe ©fribt, ber bor tagev, uaar bet gjo^Iber at bringc en faaban Sieform nb i 5i>erben. jDenne Strtifcl er i forfortet gorm bleden oderfat paa oc anbre ni ©prog. 3cg ^.niffer at bringe min lal til 4-)r. ©igdarb ©jiirenfen, '?(manncnfi-o deb 1I)e 9Jeidberri) Sibrari), GI)icago, for ben ^utere^fe ^an f^ar taget t llbtorclten af bette 9h-bcibe, og for I)an§ bt^gtige .^ifftp i forffjeCligc ©prog. ^ar gorfatteren opnaaet at gide innf af nogen '^MTrbi til ^^saabcgi)iibcl)en af et 58cerf, f)di§ i8ett)bning ftaar flart for alle, ba dil bette dan-e ©rftatniiig nof for i)o.n^ Xib og 5(rbeibe. Gf)icago, 1904. C. B. W. 30 ^intybningcr til d ^ccUcsfprog e t nilbe iffe fra f^rft a'] him et Uuioerfalfprog, — bet fan tage f)un= brebe 5(ar eUer mere — men et Sprog, ber fan bliue fo-lIcS for ben inbo-germanffe gamilje. ^erfom Sieprfffentanterne for be f tgtigfte ©prog inben benne eyamilje funbe for)amIe§ i en ^ongreS og fomme ooeren§ om et fo'IIe'^ Sprog, turbe bet ficrnbe, ai be anbre ^ami^jet bagefter gjorbe bet famme, og meb 2;iben funbe et Uniuerfalfprog bliDe 9tefultatet. 8crt at en Songre§ traabte fammen, beftaaenbe af fremragenbe jvilologer og (Sprogmcrnb og repra'ientereube folgenbe ti Sprog: ©ngelff, 5>^a"lX Spanff, ^ortugififf, ^taiienff, Xi)ff, ^oaanbff, ^anff=9?orff, (gdenff og 9tu§fiff. ®ennc gorfamling uilbe ncmltg ba reprosfentere ade be bigtigfte tnbo germanffe Sprog og funbe ncl aittagc^i at I^anble paa f)e(e gamiljeu'o ^^egne, naar bet gjalbt Xan= nelfen af et fcelleS ©prog. Saafnart .^ongre^fen t»ar forfamlet, dtlbe hot fprfte Sfribt til jDannelfen of et nt)t Sprog Do^re at opftitle primitive Crb eller Stamorb, fjiioraf be aflebebeCrb funbe banned, ^oor ffal bi oenbe o§ f)en for biSfe €rb? ^Dor anbetfteb§ enb til be Sprog, fom allerebe bent)ttel af be ti ^yolf, font er leprcefenteret paa ^on= gre§fen. 3impel 9tetfoerbigf)eb mob bere§ SScelgere Uilbe forlange, at Slongre^fen ftulbe fe til, at iffe et Sprog bi)ggebe§ op ooer ^odeberne paa ^olf i 9?ingeagt for bere» egne Crb, fom allerebe er i fostleg Srug. gor bet f0rfte er ber et ftort gorraab paa Crb, I)Ooraf boert enfelt iffe alenc f)ar en tige SUJening, men noeften ben famme Cijb paa I^nert af be ti Sprog, og bette er ba aabenbart bet fj^rfte Steb at ^enoenbe fig for ©tamorb. 2!er er otier 2000 Crb af bcnne Slarafter i fcctteS 33rug, fpert af bem af lige C^b (^cmofoniff) i aHe be ti ©prog. 31 DJaor bi^fe Drb engang er ubt^mte, t)i( ben ncci'te ^orraabSfilbe ucrre be Crb, man paa lignenbe SJJaabe tan forftflge gjemiem iii a] be ti Sprog; berpaa be gjeu= neiii otte; fan ]i)i\ og iaa toibere nebooer. Sfulbe bette fortitxtte^, mlbe ^orraab»= filbenie for Stamorb, Iitiige fcfr man fom til ^jbergrcrnieii a] et enfelt Sprog i ^irfeligtieben Dcrre uubti.imme(ige, fibeii enf)tter faabau 9icrffe af Crb bilbe blibe ftjsrre enb ben foregaaenbe. 5(nta(Iet at faabanne Crb, fom tiilbe finbe» i be flefte af bi§fe Sprog, funbe tcellcg i ti tufinbbiS. @n mere begro^nfet 5(nt3enbelfe of bette SammenftillingSprincip fan gj0re§ beb at benijtte ligehjbenbe 8cEtninger, fom ni liar gjort i nor „§omopf)onic (Ion= t)erfotion»" i fire Sprog. ^rofeSfor Sc^IeQer forf^gte ot fonftruere et ni)t 8prog, ^^olapiif. Uagtct ^an^ @i)ftem bar en fort 2ib populcer — golf fplte 5iobDenbigf)eben af noget — t)ifte bet fig bog i Sjubet af nogle faa 5tor at bcere et abfolut migli)ffet Jorf^g. ^rofeSfor 3d)Iei)er begif for bet f0rfte et geilgreb berbeb. at ^an forf^gte paa at banne et ni)t Sprog. ^"9^" ^^ SJJanb for bet. Thn i)ai\^ ftorfte 5ei( beftob i, at f)on ooerfaa ^^rincipet om, at f;an» iStam- orb ffulbe t)ccre fcetleS t anbre ©prog. Sag f. QU. Drbet 2;raab. 2)et ^eber: Sngelff, „Xf)reab"; 2)anff=9?orff, „Sraab"; Soenff, „Xrab"; |)oaanbff, „Traab"; granff, „^iV' ; Stalienft, „5ilo"; Spanff, „|)iIo"; ^:}5ortugi|ift, „5io"; HdH, „5aben"; 9tu§fiff, „9?itfa". ''Rn, I)er er et Drb meb lige 2t)b i fire Sprog, og et anbet Crb, ganftc for- ffjefligt, men meb lige iiijb t fire anbre ©prog. SlUigenel forbigif '^rofe^for (Sd)Iei)er bigfe otte ©prog og bi§fe otte j^olfeflag og tog fit ©tomorb fra et enefte ©prog, j^ra bet tt)ffe „5aben" tog !^an „$^ab" fom ©tamorbet for Sraab, gor at Ijaiie et faa fort Crb fom mulig og bert)D§ et, ber oilbe tjo're Iige= It)benbe i faa mange ©prog fom mulig, burbe bet oprinbelige ©tamorb f)er ocere „gil", paa £atin „(yi(um". ^xa bette fom 9tob l^ar oi aHerebe mange 5lftebninger paa (Sngelft, faalebe» filament, filaceous, filar, file, filiform, filiferou^, fiQet, o. f. 0. ^e tre ©prog, ber er befloegtet nteb (gngelff i ^enfeenbe til Drbet „XI)reab", fjar ogfaa f(ore af bi^fe I'Iftebelfer, faa at Drbet ,,'^U" oilbe bi§fe 3^oIf inxre mere eCler tninbre fortrolige meb, meben» be anbre fire oilbe ba?re ganffe fortrolige bcrmcb. ajJeben^ «Sa^" me^ S3ett)bning Xraab funbe forftaaeS af en Sttjffer, bilbe bet bare et frcmmeb Drb for en (5ngla>nber efler en 5lmerifaner, ligefaa for en ?^ranff manb, ©panier, ^ortugifer, ^taliener, |)olIa;nber, ^anffe eller 5iorbmanb, ©oenffe efler 9tu^fer. Gt Unioerfalfprog befjboer iffe at oente paa en Unioerfalftat. 9Kcget er ailerebe gjort for at binbe SJienneffeflregten fammen, og bet er iffe for mcget at Dente, at om iffe ret mange Slartier bi( et Unioerfalfprog fra at bate en jiJrfe^Ib'^, utopiff !Dr0m,bIiDe en gtimrenbe 3SirfeIig^eb. 32 HOMOPHONISK ORDBOK Innehallande OFVER 2000 ORD af lika Ijud och Ilka betydel»e i tlo sprSk, namllRen : Engelska, franska. spanska, portugisiska, italienska. tyska, hollandska, dansk-norska, svenska och ryska Utarbetad af CHARLES B. WAITE, A. M. JEMTE "Tankar ufver ett gemensamt sprak" ufversatt pa hvardera af de ofvannlimnda spraken, med en mera utfurlig artikel i samma iimne pa engelska. CHICAGO C. V. WAITE & CO. 19 4 F^OREXAL FrAgAN om ett gemensamt sprak tir af den storsta vigt fOr mennisko- sliigtet, och tager nu nier an nagonsin den civiliserade verldens uppmiirksamhet i ansprak. I livarje forsok att losa detta stora problem m:\ste man i fiJrsta rummet bevara och begagna det som redan iir gemensamt. Ord eller uttryck, som aro desamma eller niistan desamma i olika sprak, skulle utgora den grund, pa hvilken man ma bygga. Om ett nytt sprak skall bildas, maste det konstrueras af dessa materialier. Andamalet med denna ordbok iir att pavisa, hvilken stor massa ord iir gemensam fur niistan alia de indo-germanska spraken. Det iir knappast nodigt att siiga, att manga af dessa ord hafva nagot olika mening i olika sprak. Afven om meningen ursprungligen varit densamma, skulle den snart iindrats eller modifierats i enlighet med seder, bruk och tiinkesiitt hos de folk, af hvilka orden anviindts. Icke destomindre, oaktadt alia skiljaktigheter och variationer, fiirefinnes en viisentlig likhet bade i Ijud och mening. Dessa Jiro de ord, friin hvilka skulle tagas rot-orden fi'ir ett sprak gemensamt fi)r de indo-germanska folken. Pa hvad siitt sjelfva spraket skulle konstrueras, blefve en fraga for framstaende philologer och lin- guister siirskilt utsedda och valda for detta lindamiil. I artikeln foljande ordlistan har forfattaren fullt utvecklat siiia asigter betriiffande de forsta stegen for vidtagandet af en sadan reform. Ett utdrag af denna artikel har ofversatts pa de andra nio spraken. Om han lyckats framkasta vinkar af nagot viirde betriifTande siittet att biJrja ett arbete, hvars vigt iir allmiint erkiind, skall han kiiiina sig vitl belOnad for sin tid och moda. Chicago, 1904. C. B. W. 34 Tankar rorande ett gemensamt sprSk ET blefve ej strax ett universal-sprak — detta torde kr:ifva hundra ar eller mer — utan ett sprak gemensamt kauske fur den indo-germanska familjen. Oin representanter fi'T denna familjs vigtigaste sprak kimde motas i en kongress och komma ofverens om ett gemensamt sprak, kunde de andra familjerna sedan gura detsamma, och ett universal-sprak eventuellt uppsta. Antag en kongress sammansatt af framstaende philologer och lin- guister, representerande fiiljande tio sprak: engelska, franska, spanska, portugisiska, italienska, tyska, hoUandska, dansk-norska, svenska och ryska. En sadan fSrsamling, representerande, som den gjorde, alia de vigtigare indo-germanska spraken, matte val kunna pataga sig att handla for hela familjen i och fr)r bildandet af ett gemensamt sprak. Forsta steget i formandet af det nya spraket blefve bestiimmandet af de primitiva eller rot-orden, efter hvilka de derivativa orden kunde fornias. Hvar skulle man fa dessa senare? Hvar, om icke i de sprak redan i allmant bruk hos de tio folk representerade i kongressen? Simpel rattvisa kriifde, att kongressen skulle tillse, att det nya spraket ej bildades sjelfsvaldigt, utan hiinsyn till de ord, som hvart och ett folk redan hade i allmant bruk. I fursta rummet ar det en stor miingd ord, hvart och ett af hvilka har icke blott samma mening utan niistan samma Ijud i hvart och ett af de tio spraken, och i dessa ord finna vi tydligen rot-orden. Det iir (■>fver 2000 ord af detta slag i gemensamt bruk, hvarje ord homophoniskt i alia tio spraken. Niir denna fursta klass af rot-ord iir uttomd, finner man en ny for- radskiilla i de ord, som pa liknande satt genomga nio af de tio spraken; derpa i de ord, som genomga atta; sedan i de, som genomga sju sprak, 35 o. s. V. PA, denna vJig skall man, langt innan man uppniltt griinseu af clt sprak, finna en praktiskt outtomlig tillgung pa rot-ord, emedan hvarje efterfoljande klass blir storre. Ocli autalet af de ord, som aterfinnas i ett flertal af de tio spraken, kan raknas i tiotusental. En mera begriinsad tillJimpning af associationsprincipen i iimnet ifraga kan goras genom homophoniska meningar, sasoni f()rfattaren gjort i "Homophonic Conversations" ur fyra sprak. Prof. Schleyer furetog sig i "Volapyk" att konstruera ett nytt sprak. Kburu bans system atnjot en kort popularitet — man kiinde behofvet af nagonting i den viigen — visade det sig dock inom nagra fa ar vara ytter- ligt opraktiskt. Prof. Schleyer begick i forsta rummet det misstaget att forsCka skapa ett nytt sprak. Och ingen man iir ensam miiktig ett sa- dant foretag. Men bans storsta misstag lag deruti, att ban ej insag, att rot-orden maste vara gemensamma for andra sprilk. Tag t. ex. ordet "trad." Det ar pa engelska "thread," pa dansk-norska "traad," pa svenska "trad," pa hoUiindska " draad," pa franska "fil," italienska " filo," spanska "hilo," portugisiska " fio," tyska "faden," ryska " nitka. " Hiir iir nu ett ord med lika Ijud i fyra sprak, och ett annat ord, all- deles olika, men med lika Ijud i fyra andra sprak. lyikval ignorerade prof. Schleyer dessa atta sprak och dessa atta folk, och tog sitt rot-ord f ran ett enastaende sprak. Fran tyska "faden" tog ban "fad" som rot-ord for trad. FpaHi;y3CK0M'b, McnaHCHOMi>, nopryrayibCKOM'b, Hra/ibflHCKOM'b, HtMeuHOMi}, roi^aHA- CKOMl), AaTCHO-HOpBeWCHOM'b, UlBe4CK0M'b H pyCCKOM'b fl3blKaXl> COCTABJIEH'L Ha 2) A 03 mtj E. Ya ft m o ji Tj, InKoice cnhyninenie, un Knoicdo.Ho u.3o smuxo ksukogt,, rninnibu mozo oice nemopa nodo 3ni.iaeie.Uu: „MbicyiM no noBOAy Bceo6iuaro flSbiKa'' H VO.IHblk 7>ll'hr)llh JIHttil cDllliniiH Hll (im.liilCKO.Mo H3blK)h. M H K A r 0, c. B. y ;-♦ fi T Tj ii kq- 479 By.ii.napi. /I,H£3KeoH^. nPEflMCnOBIE. Bonpocb BceoCmeM-b aauKli iiciioJiHeH'b BeanHafiuiefi BaiKHOcin jian Bcero MeaoB'liiecTBa, n b-b nocJitAHee BpeMH, OoJite HliMt Kor^a-jinSo, npiiBae- KaeiTj BHUMaiiie i;iiBiLni30BaHHaro Mipa. Bt KaiKAofl nonbiiKt kij paaplimeniio axoft BejiBKOfi saAaMii nepBHM-b At-'ioMt HaMT> cTfeAyext HacianBaTb na coepo- acenin Toro, hto 6ojibmnHCTBO BbiAaiomnxca Hauin yate HMtei'L b-b oSmeM-b. Tt cjiOBa H cnoco6br BbipaHceHia, Koiopbie OoJite hjih MeH-fee cxo;iHbL b-b pasjinH- Hbix-b iisbiKaxTj, ;io.iJKHbi cjiyacnTb ^yHAaMeHiOMt TaKoro npejnpiflTia. Ecjih HOBOMy H3biKy Kor;ia .in6o cyK^eHO no.iynnTb npoHHoe cymecTBOBanie — oht. AoaateHTj 6biTb nocTpoeHt nsT^ axnx'b Marepba.ioB'b. I^lfejib HacToamaro c.iOBapa — 3to noKa.saib KaKoe rpoMa;iHoe KOJimecxBO CJIOBA o6iu,e noHxn BcfeMT) nnao-rppMaHCKinrb HSbiKaMii. Bpnji'h-.in ueoGxoAiiMO 3aMliTnTb, HTO MHoria h-tb axnx'b c.ioB'b iiMliiox'b H'fccKO.ibKO pasHbia SHaneHia B-B H'feKoxopbix'b a^biKaxT.. Eciii-ubi AaJKe sHaieHie ii 6bi,io CHa'iaaa oAnnaKO- BbiM-b, xo coBpeMeHeM'b OHO iiaii coBepmeHHo, hjih jKe, no Kparinefi M-bp'Ii, cjierKa H3MliHHJI0Cb-6bI, COFJiaCHO Ch oSblHaaMH H 05pa30MTj Mbim.ieHia KaJKAOfl HauiH, btj asbiK'fe Koxopoft 3xn e;inH03ByMHbia caoBa btd SoabuieM'B nan MenbmeM'B yno- xpeOJienin. TliM-b ne Menbe, n ne CMoxpa na nl^Koxopbia oxcxynaeHia n HecxoA- cxBa, — Booome roBopa, cjiOBa axn 0(5napyHnBaior'b cymeexBeHHoe cxojcxbo n bi, SByK'fc, n BT) 3Ha^eHin. IIstj axnx-b-xo caoBij c.TB;iOBaJio-ubi Buunpaxb Kopnn a-ih aauKa oSinaro HHAO-repMaHCKHMTj napoaaMij. Ha KaKoft Manep-b axoxij a3biK'b JlOJixeHi, 6hxb nocxpoeHT)— 3X0 nop'femax'b BbiAaiomieca a3biK0B'fe;ibi, cnei^iaabHO BH6paHHHe ;i;,JiH axoii utJin. Bt cxaxblb, noM'femeHHOfl bt. KOHut nacxoamaro cjiOBapa, aBTopij BnoJiH'Ii oubacHaex'b CBon B3r.ia,ibi na xt> nepBbie marn, Koxopue 6yAyT'b Heo6xo;iHMbi bt^ npnexynaenln k-b noaooHOi"! petliopMli. CoKpamenie sxoft cxaxbH, B-b nepeBoj-fe Ha ;ipyrie ;i,eBaxb a3biK0B'b (Me;Kay khmh h pyccKifi), xaKHce noM'bmeHO bi, axofl KHnrb. Ecm aExopX) ycn'fea'b xojibKO cjliJiaxb H'fecKo.ibKO HaMeKOBt, Koxoptie nocjiy^KHjin-obi b-b noJiB3y nanaxia BejiHKaro ;t'fejia, BaHHOcxb KOToparo npH3HaHa BcfeMn, — 3x0 o;iho BoanarpaAnxTj ero BnoJint 3a BpeMa n Tpyfl-B nocBaujenHbie sxofi KHnrt. n. B. yaitx-b. Aeniopz oweAaenio eupaattnib cooh) zjy6oKyw npu3HnmeabHonnb Hnooy A6pa- MoeuHy MaiisMmiy nsh Eu6.iiome.Kii HmSjppn, Vukuzo, an men.ioe ynacmie u no- MOt^b e^ odpaSomKfb uacmonu^azo caooapn. HHKAro, 1904. MbicyiH no noBOAy Bceo6iuaro H3biKa. He BceMipHbiMTj GyAei-b axorb >i;{biK'b imaMajili (aio noTpeGyenj cto .i-fex-b nan ooji'lie), — HO iiabiKOMi) oGu;nM'i> BcbM-b HHAO-repMaucKHMTj Hapo;iaM'b. Ec:ni- 6bi iipeACiaBiiTejiH r.iaBHliftuiiix'b iL^biKOB-b, rocnoACTByiomnx'b Me^K^y sthmh n.ieMeiiaMu, coopaaiicb aa Konrpecb u iipiiiii.iu k'b coraaciio Kacareaboo BceoO- maro M;?biKa, Tor;;a Apyrisi rpyiiiibi napo;ioirb coBpeMfHOMi) iioc.rIi;ioBaaii-ubi TUKOMy iipiiMlipy,— II Bb peayabTarli iio-iyMnjica-obi BccMipHbirt a^biK'b. IIojio- ;iciiM'b, HTO coupaacH KOnrpecb cocxoHmii'i nai) Bbij,aiomnxcfl iiabiKOB'tjOB-b, npe^- CTaBHiejieft caliAyromnx'b AecaiH aauKOB-b: anrjiiflcKaro, (|)paHi;y3CKaro, HcnaH- cicaro, nopTyrajibCKaro, iixajibflHCKaro, Ht)Mei;Karo, ro.i.iauACKaro, ;iaxcKO- HopBe;KCKaro, mBe;icKaro h pyccKaro. CoGpanie yxo, npe;icxaBajiH coGoio Bcb na;Kirbi"iiiiie mno-rcpMaiicKie aabiKU, CM'bJio Morao-Gbi AtftcxBOBaxb :iix bckj iiHAO-repMaHCKyw rpyiiiiy bi. cocxaBaeHin oGinaro a.^biKa A■^H axoil rpynnbi Paaij KOHrpeci. coGpa.ica, nepBUMt maroM-b btj ^opMiipoBaHiu HOBaro asbiKa Gujio-dbi ycxaHOBJienie nepBooGpaanbixTj, KopenHbix'b cjiOB-b, m-h Koxopuxt mo;k- HO 6w.io-6u noayHHXb npon3Bo;iHbia. FA'fe HaM-b HCKaxb xaKin cjiOBa? Tj^-h — ec.iH He btj HSbiKaxTi x'lix-b ;i,ecaxn HapoAOB-b, npeAcxaBnxe.m Koxopbix'b sacfe- AaioxT) btj axoMTj KOHrpecli? JXon-Atnan ciipaBeA^xHBOcxb kt^ iixtj ii.iGiipaxeaHM'b HoGyAnaa-Gbi sxiixT} npeAcxaBiixe-iei"! cocxaBiixb aauK'b, Koxopbifi He obLTb-Gu HyH{,Ti> nxi. poAHbix-b cjioB-b B-b oomeM-b ynoxpeGaeniH y Ka^K^aro usi, axnxT. HapoAOB-b. JX^a Hanajia ecxb rpoMaAHoe KOJiHHecxBO cjiobtj, hsT) Koxopux-b KaHCAoe nM-feexTj He xo.xbKO oaimaKOBoe SHa^enie, ho xaKjKe hohxh OAnnaKOBbifi SByKT) btj KaacAOMij Hail sxhxtj AecHxn nsuKOB-h, u 3xh-xo cjiOBa, o^eBHAHO, n cyxb nepBbift ncxoHHUKij, K-b KoxopoMy oopaxiixbca 3a nepBOOopasHbiMn, KopoH- HbiMii caoBaMii. BoJi'fee AByx-b xbican-b xaKiixii cjiobt,— B-b oGii^eMTj ynoxpeGjienhi n KaacAoe hstj nnxii eaunoaByHHO bo Bcfex'b ^ecaxn aauKax-b. Kor^a axoxi) ncxoHHHK'b OKomaxeJibHO ncnepnan'b, xorjia cJi'bAyioiHinM'b n Go.ibuiHM'b aana- coM-b Gy^yx-b fh cJiOBa, Koxopua xaKHM-b-Hce oGpaaoM-b npocjitAnMbi nepea-b ^e- Baxb nai) ^ecaxn aabiKOB-b; noxoM'b xt, KOxopua npoftAyxij Hepeai) BoceMb, ceMb H T. A- Paaij ycBoiiB-b xanyio Mexo^y, OKa;Kexca, hxo aa^oaro eme ao flocxn- yKGHia Kpannaro npcTfe-ia, x. e. nocalj,iHaro, eainiaro aauKa, aanacb KopeHHbixi> ciobtj GyAex-b GyKBaabHO HencHepnaeMTj, xaK^b KaK-b KaacAbift nocTfeayiomift cnu- coKT} cjiobij AoGbixbix'b xaKUMT. oGpaaoMi. Gy^ex-b Gojibme npeAi-nAymaro. Ciex-b xaKHXT) cJioB'b, Koxopbia MOHCHO HaflxH bT) GojibmnHcxBt naij axoxi) Aecaxn aau- KOBT), JierKO AOcxHrHexT) AacaxKOBij xmchhtj. H'fecKoabKO Gojite orpanuHeHHoe npaMtiieiiie npimmma accoi^iaijin iiAeft cocxonxT) bi> ynoxpeGjienin CAnHoaBy- Hamux-b ({)paa'i>, icaK-b axo oujio CA'bJiaHO naMH btj „EduHo.jet/'iHUX'6 paazoeopaxo" , Bx. Hexbipex-b aabiKaxij. IIpo(|ieccop'b Illaeriep'b btj CBoeM-b Bo-xamoK-fe Baa.ica nocxponxb HOBUft flSHK'b. Xoxa ero cncxeMa ii npioGpfejia HfiKoxopyw nonyjiapnocxb, G.iaroAapa xoMy, Hxo HyHCAa A'6i^cxBHxe.:ibuo HyBcxBOBaaacb xorAa Bb hcmtj HiiGyAb noAOo- homtj, — xliM-b He MGH'fie, Hepea-b ntcKoabKO .Tfex'b, nonbixica axa OKaaa.iacb aaMt- 39 HaxeabHoft HeyAanefl. npo^eccopt IIIjieftepT> cA^jiaji-b dojibmyio omnSKy cb ca- Maro Hanajia yjKe Thwh OAHiiMt, hto nonuxajica nocxpoHTb hoguu hauki.: He no cnnaM-b TaKoft KOJioccajibHufi Tpy/^-b oAHOMy nejioBtKy. Ho Beaiiiaftmeio ero BHHOio 6ujio HenpHsnaBaHie Toro npnHi;nna, hto ero nepBOoSpasHUH, ko- peHHbiH cjiOBa ;iojia{Hbi Cbixb oomn ^pyrnM-b asbiKaM-b. BosbMeM'b, HanpHMtp'b, cjiOBO "thread" (HnxKa). Box-b KaK-b oho SBynnx-b B-b iiaGpaHHbix'b Haiwu ^leca- XH ii3biKaxi>: no anrjiiftcKn "thread", no AaxcKO-HopBeKCKn ,,traad", no uiBea- CKH "trad", no rojiJiaHACKH "draad", no ^pannyscKH "fil", no nxa.xbHHCKn "filo", no HcnancKH "hilo", no nopxyrajibCKH "fio", no H-feMei^Kn "Faden", no pyccKH „HHXKa". B-b AaHHOMT. cjiynat mm HM'feeM'b oaho cjiobo "thread" ex. noHxn OAHHaKOBUM'b SByKOMTj BT) Hexbipex-b HSbiKax'b n jpyroe — coBepmeHHO HecxoAHoe, no xaKHce noHxn oAnnaKOBO sBynan^ee btj /tpyrnx-b nexbipex-b a.Jbi- Kax'b — ,,fir'; HO, He CMOxpa na axo, npo^eccopi) Ulaei'iep'b, coBopmeHHo iiruopn- pya axn BoceMb asbiKOB-b h 9xh BOceMb napoAHOcxen, BbiGnpaex-b CBoe Kopen- uoe c:ioBO nai. oAHoro xoabKO, B-b SByKOBOMT. oxHomeniu ox;i'fe.ibHO cxoamaro fl3biKa, saHMCXBya ;iayi CBoero BoJianioKa hstj H'feMei^Karo ,,Faden" SByK-b ,,fad" KaKij KopeHHoe cjiobo osHanaion^ee nnxKy. ^aa xoro, Hxoobi HMliXb cjiobo no B03M0}KH0CXH CaMOB KOpOXKOe n KOXOpOe 3ByHaJIO-6bI OAHHaKOBO BT) B03M0iKH0 SojibiueM'b HHCJit a3biK0B'b, KopeHHoe CJIOBO BT) axoMTj cjiyna-fe 4oji;kho SbiJio Ouxb „fir', H3'b $paHi;y3CKaro ..fil", JiaxHHCKaro ,,filum". H3'b 9xoro cjiOBa KaKTj Kopna, mm nMlieiviTj mhofo npoH3BOjHbix'b cjiobtj Bb aHrJiincKOM-b a3biKl); xaKTi: Filament, filaceous, filar, file, filiform, filiferous, fillet, ii x. Ji. JJpyrie xpii H3MKa, Koxopbie cxo;iaxcH cb aHraii'icKHM'b Ha cjiOB'b "thread", xaKMce HMtioxi) HtCKOJIbKO HS-b BbimenpHBeAeHHMX'b npOH3BOAHHX'b CJIOB-b ox-b ..fil", XaKT) HXO axo CJIOBO 6biJio-6bi Sojite hjih Menbe snaKOMO KaiK^OMv w.^'h sxiixtj Hexbipext na- poAOBi) (aHr.TiificKiH, ;iaxcKO-HopBe;KCKiii, uiBBACKiil, n roaaaHACKifl), xor^a KaicT. oho 6biJio-6bi BT) xo ace speivia ono.inih 3HaK0M0 ApyruMi. MexMpeM-b — ^pani^yacKOMy, HxaabancKOMy, ncnaHCKOMy u nopryraabCKOMy. Xoxa ,,fad", KaK-b cxobo 03- Hanaioinee nnxKy, Morjio-uu, no^KaJiyn, oMXb y3HaHHbiM'b HliMLteMij, oho coaep- meHHO HyjKAO AnrjimaHnHy ujiu AMepHKaHqy, (ppaHuyay, Ilcnanuy, Ilopxy- rajibuy, Ilxajibanny, Fo.xjiaH/my, JaxnannHy ujiu HopBeHcuy, IIlBe;iy ujui PyccKOMy. BcoMipHOMy a3biKy Bpa^Ti-Jin npuAexca ^K^axb BceMlpuoil ooinniibi. Ho MEJio ya;e c^luiano ai« oo-beAHHenia pacbi a ^o Hamnx-b Aneft, n mm MOJKeMTj OKHAaxb HO Ge3Tj yB'bpeHuocxu, hxo ne mhofo y;Ke AecaxH.Thxifi noxpeCyexca na xo, HxouM BCBMipHbift a3MK'b iiab ooxacxH yxonift ii rpe3'b nepeme.Tb Bb npe- KpacnyK) A'^flcTBiixejibHOcxb. 4U HOMOPHONIC VOCABULARY Note. — a. stands for adjective ; n. for noun. Other abbre- viations will be easily understood ; as mil. for mili- tary, mus. for musical, etc. Spl. meanstbat the word has a special meaning in that language, though usually it is cognate to the general signification. HOMOPHONIC English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Abbess abbesse abadesa abbadessa badessa Abbey abbaye abadia abbadia abbadia Abbot abbe abad abbade abate Acacia acacia acacia acacia acacia Academic academique academico academico accademico Academy academic academia academia accademia Accent accent acento accento accento Acceptance acceptation aceptacion aceitagao accettazione Accord accord acuerdo acordo accordo Achromatic achromatique acromatico achromdtico acromatico Aconite aeon it aconito aconito aconito Act acte acto acto atto Action action accion ac^ao azione Active actif activo activo attivo Address adresse destreza.spl. endere^o indirizzo Adjutant.mil . adjudant ayudante ajudante ajutante Administration administration administracion administragac ) amministrazione Administrative administratif administrativo administrativo amministrativo . Admiral amiral almirante almirante ammiraglio Admiralty amiraute almirantazgo almirantado ammiragliato Advocate avocat abogado advogado avvocato Agate agate agata agata agata Agency agence agencia agencia agenzia Agent agent agente agente agente Air, mus. air aire aria aria Alabaster albatre alabastro alabastro alabastro Albino albinos albino albino albino Alchemist alchimiste alquimista alchimista alchimista Alchemy alchimie alquimia alchimia alchimia Alcohol alcool alcohol alcohol alcool 42 VOCABULARY. German Dutch Danish- Norweglan Swedish Russian Abtissin abdis Abbedisse abbedissa abbatissa Abtei abdij Abbedi abbotstift abbatstvo Abt abt Abbed abbot abbat Acazie acacia Akacie akacia akatzia akademisch akademisch akademisk akademisk akademitcheski Akademie akademie Akademi akademi akademia Accent accent Akcent accent aktzent Acceptirung Accord acceptatie akkoord Akcept Akkord accept ackord aktzeptatzia akord achromatisch akromatisch akromatisk akromatisk akhromatitcheski Akonit akonijt Akonitum akonit akonit Akte Akte Akt akt akt Aktion aktie, spl. Aktion aktion aktzia aktiv actief aktiv aktiv aktivnyi Adresse adres Adresse adress adres Adjutant Administration adjudant administratie Adjutant Administration adjutant administration adyutant administratzia administrativ administratief administrativ administrativ administrativnyi Admiral admiraal Admiral amiral admiral Admiralitat admiraliteit Admiralitet amiralitet admiralteistvo Advokat advokaat Advokat advokat advokat Agat Agentur Agent Arie agaat agentuur agent aria Agat Agentur Agent Arie agat agentur agent aria agat agentstvo agent aria Alabaster albast Alabast alabaster alebastr Albino albino Albino albino al'binos Alchymist Alchymie Alkohol alchymist alchymie alcohol Alkymist Alkymi Alkohol alkemist alkemi alkohol alkhimik alkhimia alkogol' 43 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Alcoran alcoran Alcoran Alcorao Alcorano Alcove alcove alcoba alcova alcova Algebra algebre algebra algebra algebra Algebraic algebrique algebraico algebrico algebraico Alkali alcali alcali alcali alcali Allegorical allegorique alegorico allegorico allegorico Allegory allegoric alegoria allegoria allegoria Allegro allegro alegro alegro allegro Almanac almanach almanaque almanach almanacco Alphabet alphabet alfabeto alfabeto alfabeto Alphabetic alphabetique alfabetico alfabetico alfabetico Alpine alpin alpino alpino alpino Alps Alpes Alpes Alpes Alpi Altar autel altar altar altare Amalgam amalgame amalgama amalgama amalgama Amaranth amarante amaranto amaranto amaranto Amazon amazone amazona amazona amazzone Ambrosia ambroisie ambrosia ambrosia ambrosia Amen amen amen amen amen American, n, , Americain Americano Americano Americano American, a. americain americano americano americano Amethyst Amethyste amatista amethysta amatista Ammonia ammoniaque amoniaco ammonia ammoniaca Amnesty amnistie amnistia amnistia amnistia Amphibian r i.amphibie anfibio amphibio anfibio Amulet amulette amuleto amuleto amuleto Anachronism anachronisme ahacronismo anachronismo anacronismo Anacreontic anacreontique ; anacreontico anacreontico anacreontico Anagram anagramme anagrama anagramma anagramma Analogous analogue analogo analogo analogo Analogy analogic analogia analogia analogia Analysis analyse andlisis analysis analisi Analytic analytique analitico analytico analitico Analyze analyser aualizar analysdr analizzare Anarchist anarchiste anarquista anarchista anarchico Anarchistic anarchique anarquico anarchico anarchico Anarchy anarchic anarquia anarchia anarchia Anatomical anatomique anatomico anatomico anatomico Anatomist anatomiste anatomista anatomista anatomista 44 German Dutch Danish- Norwecian Swedish Russian Koran koran Koran koran alkoran Alkoven alkoof Alkove alkov al'kov Algebra algebra Algebra algebra algebra algebraisch algebraisch algebraisk algebraisk algebraitcheski Alkali kali Alkali alkali alkali allegorisch allegorisch allegorisk allegorisk allegoritcheski Allegoric allegoric Allegori allegori allegoria Allegro allegretto Allegro allegro allegro Almanach almanak Almanak almanack al'manakh Alphabet alphabet Alfabet alfabet alfavit alphabetisch alphabetisch alfabetisk alfabetisk alfavitnyi alpisch alpisch alpinsk alpisk al'piski Alpen Alpen Alperne Alperna Al'py Altar altaar Alter altare altar' Amalgam amalgam Amalgam amalgam amal'gama Amarant amarant Amarant amarant amarant Amazone amazone Amasone amazon amazonka Ambrosia ambrozijn Ambrosia ambrosia ambrozia amen amen amen amen amin' Araerikaner Amerikaan Amerikaner Amerikan Amerikanietz amerikanisch amerikaansch amerikansk amerikansk amerikanski Amethyst amethist Ametyst ametist ametist Ammonium ammoniak Ammoniak ammoniak amiak Amnestie amnestie Amnesti amnesti amnistia Amphibie amphibie Amfibium amfibie amfibia Amulett amulet Amulet amulet amulet Anachronismus anachronismus Anakronisme anakronism anakhronizm anakreontisch anakreontisch anakreontisk anakreontisk anakreontitcheski Anagramm anagram Anagram anagram anagramnia analogisch analogisch analog analog analogitcheski Analogic analogic Analogi analogi analogia Analyse analyse Analyse analys analiz analytisch analytisch analytisk analytisk analititcheski analysircn analyseeren anal y sere analysera analizirovat' Anarchist anarchist Anarkist anarkist anarkhist auarchistisch anarchistisch anarkisk anarkistisk anarkhitcheski Anarchic anarchic Anarki anarki anarkhia anatomisch anatomisch anatomisk anatomisk anatomitcheski Anatomiker anatomist Anatom anatom anatom 45 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Anatomy anatomic anatomia anatomia anatomia Anchor ancre ancla ancora ancora Anecdote anecdote anecdota anecdota aneddoto Anemia anemic anemia anemia anemia Angel ange angel anjo angelo Anglican anglican anglicano anglicano anglicano Anise anis anis anis anice Anomalous anomal anomalo anomalo anomalo Anomaly anomalie anomalia anomalia anomalia Anonymous anonyme anonimo anonimo anonimo Antagonist antagoniste antagonista antagonista antagonista Antarctic antarctique antartico antarctico antartico Anthology anthologie antologia anthologia antologia Anthropology anthropologie antropologia anthropologia I antropologia Antichrist antechrist antecristo antichristo anticristo Antimony antimoine antimonio antimonio antimonio Antipathy antipathic antipatia antipathia antipatia Antiquarian, n. antiquaire anticuario antiquario antiquario Antique antique antique antigo antico Antithesis antithese antitesis antithesis antitesi Antithetical antithetique antitetico antithetico antitetico Aphorism aphorisme aforismo aphorismo aforismo Apocalypse apocalypse apocalipsi apocalypse apocalisse Apocryphal apocryphe apocrifo apocrypho apocrifo Apologetic apologetique apologetico apologetico apologetico Apology apologie apologia apologia apologia Apostle ap&tre apostol apostolo apostolo Apostolic apostolique apostolico apostolico apostolico Apostrophe apostrophe apostrofo apostrophe apostrofo Apotheosis apotheose apoteosis apotheose apoteosi Apparatus appareil aparato apparato apparato Appeal, V. appeler apelar appellar appellare Appellant, n 1. appelant apelante appellante appellante Appetite appetit apetito appetite appetito Appetizing appetissant apetitoso appetitivo appetitoso Apricot abricot albaricoque albric6que albicocca April avril Abril Abril Aprile Arabic arabique ardbigo ardbico arabico Arcade arcade arcada arcada areata 46 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweclan Swedish - J Russian Anatomie anatomie Anatomi anatomi anatomia Anker anker Anker ankar yakor' Anekdote anekdote Anekdote anekdot anekdot Anamie anemie Anaemi anemi anemia Engel engel Engel engel angel anglikaniscl: I anglikaansch anglikansk anglikansk anglikansk! An is anijs Anis anis anis anomalisch anomalijk anomal anomal anomalJstitchetiki Anomalie anomalie Anomali anomali anoraalia anonymisch anonymus anonym anonym anonimnyi Antagonist antagonist Antagonist antagonist antagonist antarktisch antarctisch antarktisk antarktisk antarktitcheski Anthologie anthologie Antologi antologi antologia Anthropologic anthropologic : Antropologi antropologi antropologia Antichrist antichrist Antikrist antikrist antikhrist Antimonium antimonium Antimonium antimon antimonia Antipathic antipathic Antipati antipati antipatia Antiquar antiquarius Antikvar antiqvarisk,a . antikvari antik antick antik antik antitchnyi Antithese antithesis Antitese antites antiteza antithetisch antithetisch antitetisk antitetisk antiteznyi Aphorismiis aphorisme Aforisme aforism aforizm Apokalypse apocalypsus Apokalypse apokalyps apokalipsis apokryphisch apocrief apokryfisk apokryfisk apokrifitcheski apologetisch apologetisch apologetisk apologetisk apologitcheski Apologia apologie Apologi apologi apologia Apostel apostel Apostel apostel apostol apostolisch apostolisch apostolisk apostolisk apostol'ski Apostrophe apostrophe Apostrof apostrof apostrof Apotheose apotheose Apoteose apoteos apofeoz Apparat apparaat Apparat apparat apparat appelliren appcllccrcn appellere appellera appelirovat' Appellant appellant Appellant appellant appelyant Appetit appetijt Appetit appetit appetit appetitlich appetijtelijk appetitlig appetitlig appetitnyi Aprikose abrikoos Aprikos aprikos abrikos April April April april Apryel' arabisch arabisch arabisk arabisk arabski Arkade arcade Arkade arkad arkada 47 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Archaeology archeologie Archangel archange Archbishop archeveque Archipelago archipel Architect architecte Architecture architecture Archive archives Arctic arctique Argument argument Aristocracy Aristocrat Aristocratic Arithmetic aristocratic aristocrate aristocratique arithraetique Arithmetical arithmetique Arithmetician arithmeticien Aroma arome Aromatic aromatique Arrest, v. arreter Arsenal arsenal Arsenic arsenic Artichoke artichaut Article article Artillerist artilleur Artillery artillerie Asbestos asbeste Ascetic, n. ascetique Asceticism asceticisme Asparagus asperges Asphalt asphalte Assistant assistant Astrologer astrologue Astrological astrologique Astrology astrologie Astronomer astronome Astronomical astronomique Astronomy astronomic Atheism atheisme Atheist athee Atheistic atheistique arqueologia arcangel arzobispo archipielago arquitecto arquitectura archivo artico argumento aristocracia aristocrata aristocratico aritmetica aritmetico aritmetico aroma aromatico arrestar arsenal arsenico alcachofa articulo artillero artilleria asbesto asceta asceticisme esparrago asfalto asistente astrologo astrologico astrologia astronomo astronomico astronomia ateismo ateista ateistico archeologia archanjo arcebispo archipelago architecto architectura archivo arctico argumento aristocracia aristocrata aristocratico arithmetica arithmetico arithmetico aroma aromatico arrestar arsenal arsenico alcachofra artigo artilheiro artilheria asbesto asceta asceticismo asparago asphalto assistente astrologo astrologico astrologia astronomo astronomico astronomia atheismo atheista atheistico archeologia arcangelo arcivescovo arcipelago architetto architettura archivio artic argomento aristocrazia aristocratico aristocratico aritmetica aritmetico aritmetico aroma aromatico arrestare arsenale arsenico carciofo articolo artigliere artiglieria asbesto ascetico asceticismo asparago asfalto assistente astrologo astrologico astrologia astronomo astronomico astronomia ateismo ateista ateistico 48 German Dutch Danish- Norweclan Swedish Russian Archaologie archeologie Arkaeologi arkeologi arkheologia Erzengel aartsengel Erkeengel erkeengel arkhangel Erzbischof aartsbischop Erkebiskop erkebiskop arkhiepiskop Archipelagui s archipel Arkipel arkipelag arkhipelag Architekt architect Arkitekt arkitekt arkhitektor Architektur architectuur Arkitektur arkitektur arkhitektura Archiv archief Arkiv arkiv arkhiv arktisch arctisch arktisk arktisk arktitcheski Argument argument Argument argument argument Aristokratie aristokratie Aristokrati aristokrati aristokratia Aristokrat aristokraat Aristokrat aristokrat aristokrat aristokratisch aristocratiscli aristokratisk aristokratisk aristokratitcheski Arithmetik arithmetica Aritmetik aritmetik arifmetika arithmetisch arithmetisch aritmetisk aritmetisk arifmetitcheski Arithmetiker arithmetikus Aritmetiker aritmetiker arifmetik Aroma aroma Aroma arom arom at aromatisch aromatisch aromatisk aromatisk aromatitcheski arretiren arresteeren arrestere arrestera aiestovat' Arsenal arsenaal Arsenal arsenal arsenal Arsenik arsenicum Arsenik arsenik arsenik Artischocke artisjok Artiskok artskocka artishok Artikel artikel Artikel artikel artikul, spl. Artillerist artillerist Artillerist artillerist artillerist Artillerie artillerie Artilleri artilleri artilleria Asbest asbest Asbest asbest asbest Ascetiker asceet Asket asket asket Asceticismus > asceticismus Askese askes asketizm Spargel aspersie Asparges sparris sparzha Asphalt asphalt Asfalt asfalt asfal't Assi stent assistent Assistent assistent assistent Astrolog astroloog Astrolog astrolog astrolog astrologisch astrologisch astrologisk astrologisk astrologitcheski Astrologie astrologie Astrologi astrologi astrologia Astronom astronoom Astronom astronom astronom astronomisch astronomisch astronomisk astronomisk astronomitcheski Astronomie astronomie Astronomi astronomi astronomia Atheismus atheisterij Ateisme ateism ateizm Atheist atheist Ateist ateist ateist atheistisch atheistisch ateistisk ateistisk ateistitcheski 49 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Athlete athlete atleta athleta atleta Athletic athletique atletico athletico atletico Atlas atlas atlas atlas atlante Atmosphere atmosphere atmosfera atmosphera atmosfera Atmospheric : atmospheriqueatmosferico atmospheric© atmosferic© Atom atome atomo atomo at©mo Atomic atomique atomico atomico at©mic© Attestation attestation atestacion attestagao attestazione Attic attique atico attico attic© Attribute attribut atributo attributo attributo August Aout Agosto Agosto Ag©sto Aurora aurore aurora aurora aurora Author auteur autor autor autore Authority- autorite autoridad autoridade aut©rita Autograph autographe aulografo autograph© autografo Automatic automatique automatic© automatic© automatico Automaton automate automato automato aut©mato Axiom axiome axioma axioma assi©ma B Bachelor bachelier bachiller bacharel baccelliere Baggage bagage bagaje bagagem bagagli© Balcony- balcon balcon balgao balcone Ball, dance bal baile baile ball© Ballad ballade balada balata ballata Ballet ballet bailete baile balletto Balloon ballon balon ballao pallone Balsam baume balsamo balsamo balsam© Balustrade balustrade balaustrada balaustrada balaustrata Bamboo bambou bambu bambu bambu Bandage bandage venda banda benda Bandit bandit bandido bandido bandito Bank, mon. banque banco banco banc© Bankruptcy banqueroute bancarota bancarrota bancarr©tta Barbarity barbaric barbaridad barbaria barbarie Barbarous barbare barbaro barbaro barbar© Barometer barometre barometro barometr© bar©metr© Baron baron baron barao bar©ne Baronet baronnet baronete baronete bar©netto Barony baronnie baronia baronia baronia 50 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Barrack baraque barraca barraca baraccoiie Barricade barricade barricada barricada barricata Barytone baryton baritono barytono baritono Basalt basalte basalto basalto basalte Basis base basa base base Bass, mus. bas bajo baixo basso Bastion bastion bastion bastiao bastione Bath bain bano banho bagno Battalion bataillon batallon batalhao battaglione Battery batterie bateria bateria batteria Bazaar bazar bazar bazar bazar Beefsteak bifteck biftec bife bistecca Bible bible biblia biblia bibbia Biblical biblique biblico biblico biblico Bibliography bibliographie bibliografia bibliographia bibliografia Billet billet billete bilhete biglietto Billiards billard billar bilhar bigliardo Billion billion billon bilhao bilione Biographer biographe biografo biographo biografo Biographical [ biographique biografico biographic© biografico Biography biographie biografia biographia biografia Biscuit biscuit bizcocho biscouto biscotto Bivouac bivouac vivac bivac bivacco Block bloc boliche bloco blocco Note. — it is not claimed that this is a complete vocabulary of all the words homophonic in the ten languages. On the contrary, by including all the scientific terms which, being derived from the Latin and Greek, are adopted without change into the modern languages, and by adding the derivatives regularly formed from the entire list thus augmented, the number could easily be doubled. The object has been, not to show how many words of this character there are, but to show that there is a very large number. 50a German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Baracke barak Barakke barack barak Barrikade barricade Barrikade barrikad barrikada Bariton bariton Bariton bariton bariton Basalt basalt Basalt basalt basal' t Basis basis Basis basis bazis Bass bas Bas bas bas Bastei bastion Bastion bastion bastion Bad bad Bad bad banya Bataillon bataljon Bataljon bataljon batal'on Batterie batterij Batteri batteri batareya Bazar bazar Basar basar bazar Beefsteak biefstuk Bifsteg bififstek bifshteks Bibel bijbel Bibel bibel biblia biblisch bijbelsch bibelsk biblisk bibleiski Bibliograph: ie bibliografie Bibliografi bibliografi bibliografia Billet biljet Billet biljett bilet Billard bilj art Billiard biljard bil'yard Billion billioen Billion billion bil'on Biograph biograaf Biograf biograf biograf biographisch biografisch biografisk biografisk biografitcheski Biographic biografie Biografi biografi biografia Biscuit beschuit Biskoit biscuit biskvit Bivouak bivouak Bivouak bivuak bivak Block blok Blok block blok Note. — By way of explanation, we will here add, for the benefit of those not conversant with these languages, that in the French and Portuguese, 5 has the sound of s ; that in the Italian the grave accent, which is the principal one and the only one we have given, is on the last syllable, and has the eflFect to throw the stress of voice upon the final vowel. That in the Swedish a is pronounced like o; in the Spanish and Portuguese >^ denotes a liquid sound to the letter over which it is placed, and in Russian the apostrophe indicates that the sound of the preceding consonant is softened. 51a German Dutch Danish - Norwegian Swedish Russian Athlet ateleet Atlet atlet atlet athletisch athletisch atletisk atletisk atletitcheski Atlas atlas Atlas atlas atlas Atmosphare atmosfeer Atmosfaere atmosfer atmosfer a atmosphSrisch Atom atmosferisch atoom atmosfaerisk Atom atmosferisk atom atmosfernyi atom atomisch atomisch atomistisk atomisk atomitcheski Attest attisch attest attisch Attestering attisk attest attisk attestat attitcheski Attribut attribuut Attribut attribut atribut August Aurora Augustus aurora August Aurora augusti aurora Avgust avrora Autor auteur Autor auktor avtor Autoritat autoriteit Autoritet auktoritet avtoritet Autograph automatisch autograaf automatisch Autograf automatisk autograf automatisk avtograf avtomatitcheski Automat automaat Automat automat avtomat Axiom 1-> axioma Axiom axiom aksioma 15 Baccalaureus baccalaureus Baccalaureus baccalaureus bakkalavr Bagage Balkon bagage balkon Baggage Balkon bagage balkong bagazh balkon Ball bal Bal bal bal Ballade ballade Ballade ballad ballada Ballett ballet Ballet ballet balet Ballon ballon Ballon ballong ballon Balsam balsem Balsam balsam bal'zam Balustrade balustrade Balustrade balustrad balyustrada Bambus bamboes Bambus bambu bambuk Bandage Bandit band bandiet Bandage Bandit bandage bandit bandazh bandit Bank bank Bank bank bank Bankerott bankeroet Bankerot bankrutt bankrotstvo Barbarei barbaarschheid Barbari barbari barbarizm barbarisch barbaarsch barbarisk barbarisk varvarski Barometer barometer Barometer barometer barometr Baron baron Baron baron baron Baronet baronet Baronet baronet baronet Baronie baronij Baroni baroni baronstvo 51 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Blond blond blondo blondo biondo Boat bateau bote bote battello Bomb bombe bomba bomba bomba Bombardment bombardement bombardeo bombardeamento bombardamento Bombazine bombasin bombasi bombaziua bombagino Borax borax borraj borax borrace Botanical botanique botanico botanico bottanico Botanist botaniste botanico botanico bottanico Botany botanique botanica botanica bottanica Brave brave bravo bravo bravo Breach breche brecha brecha breccia Brig brick bergantin brigue brigantino Brigade brigade brigada brigada brigata Brigadier brigadier brigadier brigadeiro brigadiere Brocade brocart brocado brocado broccato Bronze bronze bronce bronze bronzo Brown brun bruno bruno bruno Bucolic bucolique bucolico bucolico buccolico Bufialo buffle bufalo bufalo bufalo Bulletin bulletin boletin boletim bullettino Buoy bouee boya boia boje Bureau bureau bureo buro buro Bust buste busto busto busto C Cabinet cabinet gabinete gabinete gabinetto Cadet cadet cadete cadete cadetto Calendar calendrier calendario calendario calendario Calif calife califa califa califTo Calomel calomel calomel calomelanos calomelano Calvinism Calvinisme Calvinismo Calvinismo Calvinismo Calvinist Calviniste Calvinista Calvinista Calvinista Cambric cambresien cambray cambraia cambraja Camel chameau camello camelo cammello Camera chambre camara camara camera Camphor camphre alcanfor camphora canfora Canal canal canal canal canale Canary canari canario canario canarino Candidate candidat candidate candidate candidate 52 German Dutch DanJsh- Norwecian Swedish Russian blond blond blond blond blondin Boot boot Baad bat bot Bombe bom Bombe bomb bomba Bombardement bombardement Bombardement bombardering bombardirovanie Bombasin bombasijn Bombasin bombasin bombazin Borax borax Borax borax bura botanisch botanisch botanisk botanisk botanitcheski Botaniker botanist Botaniker botanist botanik Botanik botanie Botanik botanik botanika brav braaf brav bra, spl. bravyi Bruch breuk Brsek brott bresh', spl. Brigg brik Brig brigg brig Brigade brigade Brigade brigad brigada Brigadier brigadier Brigadegenetal brigadgeneral brigadir Brocat brocaat Brokade brokad brokat Bronze brons Bronse brons bronza braun bruin brun brun buryi biikolisch bukolisch bukolisk bukolisk bukolitcheski Buffel buflfel Boffel buffel buivol Bulletin bulletin Bulletin bulletin byulleten' Boje boei Boje boj bui Bureau bureau Bureau byra byuro Biiste C Kabinett buste Byste byst byust kabinet Kabinet kabinett kabinet Kadett kadet Kadet kadett kadet Kalender kalender Kalender kalender kalendar' Kalif kalief Kalif kalif kalif Kalorael calomel Kalomel kalomel kalomel' Calvinismus Calvinismus Kalvinisme Kalvinism kal'vinizm Calvinist Kalvinist Kalvinist Kalvinist Kal'vinist Kambrik kamerdoek Kammerdug kambrik kembrik Kameel kameel Kamel kamel kamel', spl. Kammer kamer Kammer kamera kamera Kampfer kamfer Kamfer kamfer kamfora Kanal kanaal Kanal kanal kanal Kanarien kanarie Kanari kanarie kanareika Kandidat kandidaat Kandidat kandidat kandidat 53 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Canon, eccl. canon canon canon canone Canonical canonique canonico canonico canonico Capital capitale capital capital capitale Capitol capitole capitolio capitolio capitolio Capitulation capitulation capitulacion capitula^ao capitolazione Captain capitaine capitan capitao capitano Caravan caravane caravana caravana carovana Carbine carabine carabina carabina carabina Carbuncle escarboucle carbuncle carbunculo carbonchio Card carte carta carta carta Cardinal cardinal cardenal cardinal cardinale Caricature caricature caricatura caricatura caricatura Carmine carmin carmin carmim carminio Cat chat gato gato gatto Catacomb catacombe catacumbas catacumba catacomba Catalogue catalogue catalogo catalogo catalogo Cataract cataracte catarata cataracta cateratta Catarrh catarrhe catarro catarrho catarro Catastrophe catastrophe catastrofe catastrophe catastrofe Catechism catechisme catequismo catechismo catechismo Category categoric categoria categoria categoria Catholic, a. catholique catolico catholico cattolico Cavalcade cavalcade cabalgata cavalgada cavalcata Cavalier cavalier caballero cavalleiro cavaliere Cedar cedre cedro cedro cedro Cell cellule eel da cella cella Celtic celtique celtico celtico celtico Cement ciment cimento cemento cemento Censor censeur censor censor censore Censure censure censura censura censura Centaur centaure centauro centauro centauro Center centre centro centro centro Central central central central centrale Century centurie centuria centuria centuria Ceremonial cer6monial ceremonial ceremonial cerimoniale Ceremonious ceremonieux ceremonioso ceremonioso cerimonioso Ceremony ceremonie ceremonia ceremonia cerimonia Chamber chambre cdmara camara camera Chameleon cam^leon camale6n cameleao camaleonte 54 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Kanon kanon Kanon kanon kanon kanonisch kanoniek kauonisk kanonisk kanonitcheski Kapital Kapitol Kapitulation Kapitan Karavane kapitaal kapitool kapitulatie kapitein karavaan Kapital Kapitolium Kapitulation Kaptein Karavane kapital kapitolium kapitulation kapten karavan kapital kapitol i kapitulyatzia kapitan karavan Karabiner , karabijn Karabin karbin karabin Karfunkel karbonkel Karbunkel karbunkel karbunkul Karte kaart Kort kort karta Kardinal kardinaal Kardinal kardinal kardinal Carikatur carikatuur Karikatur karikatur karikatura Karmin karmijn Karmin karmin karmin Katze kat Kat katt kot Katakombe katakombe Katakombe katakomb katakomby, pi. Katalog Katarakt katalogus katarakt Katalog Katarakt katalog katarakt katalog katarakt Katarrh katarrh Katar katarr katarr Katastrophe catastrophe Katastrofe katastrof katastrofa Katechismus katechismus Katekismus katekes katekhizis Kategorie katholisch kategorie katholiek Kategori katolsk kategori katolsk kategoria katolitcheski Cavalcade cavalcade Kavalkade kavalkad kaval'kada Cavalier cavalier Kavaler kavaljer kavaler Ceder ceder Ceder ceder kedr Zelle eel Celle cell kel'ya keltisch keltisch keltisk keltisk kel'titcheski Cement cement Cement cement tzement Censor censor Censor censor tzenzor Censur, spl. censuur Censur censur tzenzura Centaur centaur Centaur centaur tzentavr Centrum centrum Centrum center tzentr central centraal central central tzentral'nyi Centurie centurie Centurie centuria tzenturia Ceremoniell ceremonieel Ceremoniel ceremoniel tzeremonial ceremonies ceremonieus ceremonies ceremonies tzeremonnyi Ceremonie ceremonie Ceremoni ceremoni tzeremonia Kammer kamer Kammer kammare kamera Khamaleon kameleon Kamaeleon kameleont khameleon 55 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Champagne champagne champaiia Chancellor chancelier canciller Chancery chancellerie cancilleria Chaos chaos caos Chapel chapelle capilla Chaplain chapelain capellan Chapter chapitre capitulo Character caractere caracter Characteristic caracteristique caracteristico Chemical chimique quimico Chemist chimiste quimico Chemistry chimie qufmica Chlorin chlore clorino Chocolate chocolat chocolate Cholera cholera colera-morbo Choleric cholerique colerico Christ Christ Cristo Christian, n. Chretien Cristiano Christianity christianisme cristianismo Chromatic chromatique cromatico Chronic chronique cronico Chronicle chronique cronica Chronological chronologique cronologico Chronologer chronologiste cronologo Chronology chronologie cronologia Chronometer chronometre cronometro Chrysolite chrysolithe crisolito Cider cidre sidra Cigar cigare cigarro Cipher chiffre cifra Circular circulaire circular Circus cirque circo Cistern citerne cisterna Citadel citadelle ciudadela Citation citation citacion Civilization civilisation civilizacion Clarinet clarinette clarinete Class classe clase champanha sciampagna chancelier cancelliere chancellaria cancelleria chaos caos capella cappella capellao cappellano capitulo capitolo caracter carattere caracteristico caratteristico chimico chimico chimico chimico chimica chimica chlorina cloro chocolate cioccolata cholera-morbo colera cholerico collerico Christo Cristo Christao Cristiano christianismo cristianita chromatico cromatico chronico cronico chronica cronica chronologico cronologico chronologo cronologista chronologia cronologia chronometro cronometro chrysolitha crisolito cidra sidro cigarro sigaro cifra cifra circular circolare circo circo cisterna cisterna citadella cittadella citagao citazione civiliza^ao civilizzazione clarineta clarinetto classe classe 56 German Dutch Danish- Norwecian Swedish Russian Champagne champagne Champagne champagne shamp*nskoie(vino) Kanzler kanselier Kansler kansler kantzler Kanzlei kanselarij Kancelli kansli kantzelyaria Chaos chaos Kaos kaos khaos Kapelle kapel Kapel kapell kapella Kaplan kapelaan Kapellan kaplan kapelyan Kapitel kapittel Kapitel kapitel kapitul Charakter karakter Karaktei karakter kharakter charakteristisch karakteristiek karakteristisk : karakteristisk kharakteristitchaski chemisch chemisch kemisk kemisk khimitcheski Chemiker chimist Kemiker kemist khimik Chemie chimie Kerai kemi khimia Chlor chloor Chlorine klor khlor Chocolate chocolade Chokolade choklad shokolad Cholera cholera Kolera kolera kholera cholerisch choleriek kolerisk kolerisk kholeritcheski Christus Christus Kristus Kristus Khristos Christ Christen Kristen Kristen Khristianin Christenthum christenheid Kristendom kristendom khristianstvo chromatisch chromatisch kromatisk kromatisk khromatitcheski chronisch chronisch kronisk kronisk khronitcheski Chronik kronijk Kronike kronika khronika chronologisch chronologisch kronologisk kronologisk khronologitcheskj Chronolog chronologist Kronolog kronolog khronolog Chronologic chronologic Kronologi kronologi khronologia Chronometer chronometer Kronometer kronometer khronometr Chrysolith chrysoliet Krysolit krysolit khrizolit Cider cider Cider cider sidr Cigarre sigaar Cigar cigarr sigara Ziffer cijfer CifFer siflfra tzifra circular circulair Circulaere, n. circular tzirkulyar Circus circus Cirkus cirkus tzirk Cisterne cisterne Cisterne cistern tzisterna Citadelle citadel Citadel citadell tzitadel' Citation citaat Citat citat tzitata Civilisation civilisatie Civilisation civilisation tzivilizatzia Klarinette klarinet Klarinet klarinett klarnet Klasse klas Klasse klass klass 57 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Classic classique clasico classico classico Classification classification clasificacion classificagao classificazione Client client cliente cliente cliente Climate climat clima clima clima Clinic, a. clinique clinico clinico clinico Club, soc. club club club club Cobalt cobalt cobalto cobalto cobalto Cochineal cochenille cochinilla cochonilha cocciniglia Cocoa cacao, coco coco, cacao coco, cacao caccao Coffee cafe cafe cafe cafFe Cohort cohorte cohorte cohorte coorte Colic colique colica colica colica College college colegio collegio collegio Colonial colonial colonial colonial coloniale Colonist colon colono colono colono Colonization colonisation colonizacion colonisacjao colonizzazione Colonnade colonnade columnata columnata colonnato Colony colonic colonia colonia colonia Colossal colossal colosal colossal colossale Colosseum colisee coliseo coliseo coliseo Colossus colosse coloso colosso colosso Column colonne columna columna colonna Comedy- comedie comedia comedia commedia Comet comete cometa cometa cometa Comic comique comico comico comico Command, v . commander comandar commandar comandare Command, n . commandement comando commando comando Commandant commandant comandante commandante comandante Commentary commentaire comentario commentario comentario Commentator commentateur comentador commentador comentatore Commerce commerce comercio commercio commercio Commercial commercial comercial commercial commerciale Commissary commissaire comisario commissario commisario Commission commission comision commissao commissione Commissioner commissionnaire comisionado commissario , commissionario Commune commune comun commum comune Company compagnie compania companhia compagna Compass compas compas 58 compasso compasso German Dutch Danish- NorweKian Swedish Russian klassisch klassiek klassisk klassisk klassitcheski Classification classifikatie Klassifikation klassifikation klassifikatzia Client client Klient klient klient Klima klimaat Klima klimat klimat klinisch clinisch klinisk klinisk klinitcheski Club club Klub klubb klub Kobalt kobalt Kobolt kobolt kobal't Kochenille konzenielje Kochenille kochenill koshenir Kacao, kokos kokos Kakao, kokos, kakao kakao Kaffee koffie Kaffe kaffe kofe Kohorte cohorte Kohort kohort kogorta Kolik koliek Kolik kolik kolika Collegium collegie Kollegium kollegium, spl. kollegia kolonial koloniaal kolonial kolonial kolonial' nyi Kolonist kolonist Kolonist kolonist kolonist Kolonisation koloiiisatie Kolonisation kolonisation kolonizatzia Colonnade colonnade Kolonnade kolonnad kolonnada Kolonie koloiiie Koloni koloni kolonia kolossal kolossaal kolossal kolossal kolossal' nyi Coliseum coliseum Coliseum coliseum kolizei Koloss kolos Kolos koloss koloss Kolumne kolom Kolonne kolonn kolonna Komodie comedie Komedie komedi komedia Komet komeet Komet komet kometa komisch komiek komisk komisk komitcheski commandirencommandeerenkoramandere kommendera komandovat' Commando commando Kommando kommando komanda Commandant commandant Kommandant kommendant komandir Commentar commentair Kommentar kommentar kommentari Commentator commentator Kommentator kommentator kommentator Commerz commerce Kommerce kommers kommertzia commerziell commercieel kommerciel kommersiel kommertcheski Commissar commissaris Kommissaiius ; kommissarie kommisar Commission commissie Kommission kommission kommisia Commissionilr commissionair Kommissioneer kommissionar kommisioner Commune commune Kommune kommun komuna Kompagnie kompagnie Kompani kompani kompania Kompass kompas Kompas kompass kompas 59 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Competent Compilation Compile Compliment Compose Composition Compromise, n. Compromise, v. Concentric Concert Conclave Concordat Concrete Concurrence Condition Conductor Confect Conference Confirm Confirmation Confiscation Congress Conic Conscription Conservative Constable Constitution Constitutional Construction Consul Consular Consulate Continent Continental Contraband Contract Contrast Convention Convoy competent competente compilation compilacion compiler compilar compliment composer composition compromis cumplimiento componer composicion compromiso compromettre comprometer concentrique concentrico concert conclave concordat concret concours condition couducteur confiture conference confirmer concierto conclave concordato concrete concurrencia condicion conductor confitura conferencia confirmar confirmation confirmacion confiscation confiscacion congres conique conscription conservatif connetable constitution congreso conico conscripcion conservative condestable constitucion constitutionnelconstitucional construction construccion consul consulaire consulat continent continental contrebande contrat contraste convention convoi consul consular consulado continente continental contrabando contrato contraste convencion convoy 60 competente compilagao compilar comprimento compor composi^ao compromisso comprometter concentrico concerto conclave concordata concrete concurrencia condigao conductor confitura conferencia confirmar confirma^ao confisca^ao congresso conico conscripgao conservative condestable constitui^ae censtitucienal construcgae consul consular consulado continente continental contrabando contrato contraste convengae conibei competente compilazione cempilare cemplimento comporre composizione compremesso compromettere concentrico concerto conclave concordato concrete concorrenza condizione conduttore confetto conferenza confermare confermazione confiscazione congresso conico coscrizione conservative conestabile costituzione costituzionale cestruziene console censelare consolato continente continentale contrabbande centratto contraste convenziene convoalio German Dutch Danish- Norweglan Swedish Russian kompetent competent Compilation compilatie compiliren compileeren Compliment compliment kompetent Kompilation kompilere Kompliment kompetent kompilation kompilera kompliment kompetentnyi kompilyatzia kompilirovat' kompliment componiren Composition Compromiss componeeren compositie compromis komponere Komposition Kompromis komponera komposition kompromiss komponirovat' kompozitzia kompromis compromittiren concentrisch compromiteeren concentrisch kompromittere koncentrisk kompromettera.spl koncentrisk . komprometirovat' kontzentritcheski Konzert concert Koncert koncert kontzert Conclave conclave Konklave konklav konklav Konkordat konkordaat Konkordat konkordat konkordat concret Concurrenz concreet concurrentie konkret Konkurrens konkret konkurrens konkretnyi konkurentzia Condition conditie Kondition kondition konditzia Kondukteur conducteur Konduktor konduktor konduktor Konfect konfijt Konfekt konfekt konfeta Conferenz conferentie Konferens konferens konferentzia konfirmiren confirmeeren konfirmere konfirmera konfirmovat' Konfirmatior I confirmatie Konfirmation konfirmation konfirmatzia Confiscation confiscatie Konfiskation konfiskering konfiskatzia Congress konisch congres conisch Kongres konisk kongress konisk kongres konitcheski Conscription conservativ Konstabel Constitution conscriptie conservatief konstabel constitutie Konskription kon^ervativ Konstabel Konstitution konskription konservativ konstapel konstitution konskriptzia konservativnyi konstabr konstitutzia constitutionell constitutioneelkonstitutional konstitutionel Construction constructie Konstruktion konstruktion ■ konstitutzionnyi konstruktzia Konsul consul Konsul konsul konsul konsularisch consulair konsularisk konsular konsul'ski Konsulat konsulaat Konsulat konsulat konsul 'stvo Continent continent Kontinent kontinent kontinent continental kontinentaal kontinental kontinental kontinental'nyi contraband contrabande kontrabande kontiaband kontrabanda Contract contract Kontrakt kontrakt kontrakt Contrast contrast Kontrast kontrast kontrast Convention conventie Konvent konvention konventzia Konvoi konvooi Konvoj 6i konvoj konvoi English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Convulsion convulsion convulsion convulsao convulsione Copal copal copal copal copale Copy copie copia copia copia Copy, V. copier copiar copiar copiare Coral corail coral coral corallo Cordon cordon cordon cordao cordone Coriander coriandre coriandro coentro coriandro Corinthian corinthien corintio corinthio corintio Cornet cornet corneta corneta cornetta Cornice corniche cornisa cornija cornice Corollary corollaire corolario corollario corollario Corporal caporal caporal corporal caporale Corporation corporation corporacion corporagao corporazione Corps corps cuerpo corpo corpo Correct, v. corriger corregir corrigir corregere Correspondence correspondance correspondencia correspondencia corrispondenza Correspondent correspondant ■ correspondiente correspondente corrispondente Corridor corridor corredor corredor corridoio Corsair corsaire corsario corsario corsaro Corset corset corse corse corsetto Corvette corvette corveta corveta corvetta Cosmographer cosmographe cosmografo cosmographo cosmografo Cosmographic cosmographique cosmografico cosmographico cosmografico Cosmography cosmographic cosmografia- cosmographia cosmografia Cosmopolite cosmopolite cosmopolita cosmopolita cosmopolita Couplet couplet copla copla coppia Courier courier correo correio corriere Cramp crampe calambre cambra rampino Crater cratere crater cratera cratere Credit credit credito credito credito Creditor creancier acreedor credor creditore Creole Creole criollo crioulo creolo Criminal, a. criminel criminal criminal criminale Crisis crise crisis crise crisi Critic critique critico critico critico Critical critique critico critico critico Criticism critique critica critica critica 62 German Dutch Danish. Norwegian Swedish Russian Convulsion convulsie Konvulsion konvulsion konvul'sia Kopal copal Kopal kopal kopal Kopie kopij Kopi kopia kopia kopiren kopieeren kopiere kopiera kopirovat' Koralle koraal Koral korall korall Kordon kordon Kordon kordong kordon Koriander koriander Koriander koriander koriandr korinthisch corinthisch korinthisk korintisk korinfski Kornett kornet Kornet kornett kornet Karnies karnis Karnis karnis karniz Corollarium corollarium KoroUarium korollarium korollari Korporal korporaal Korporal korporal kapral Corporation corporatie Korporation korporation korporatzia Korps korps Korps kar korpus corrigiren corrigeeren korrigere korrigera korrektirovat' Correspondenz correspondentie Korrespondens korrespondens korrespondentzia Correspondent correspondeni '- Korrespondent korrespondent korrespondent Corridor corridor Korridor korridor koridor Korvette korvet Korvet korvett korvet Korsar korsar Korsar korsar korsar Korsett korset Korset korsett korset Kosmograph kosmograaf Kosmograf kosmograf kosmograf kosmographisch 1 kosmografisch kosmografisk kosmografisk kosmografitcheskl Kosmographie kosmografie Kosmografi kosmografi kosmografia Kosmopolit cosmopoliet Kosmopolit kosmopolit kosmopolit Couplet couplet Kuplet kuplett kuplet Kurier koerier Kurer kurir kur'er Krampf kramp Krampe kramp khrap (spl.) Krater krater Krater krater krater Credit credit Kredit kredit kredit Creditor crediteur Kreditor kreditor kreditor Creole creool Kreol kreol kreol criminal crimineel kriminal kriminal kriminal'nyi Krisis crisis Krisis kris krizis Kritiker critiek Kritiker kritiker kritik kritisch critisch kritisk kritisk krititcheski Kritik critiek Kritik kritik kritika 63 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Crocodile crocodile cocodrilo crocodilo coccodrillo Cross croix cruz cruz croce Crown couronne corona coroa corona Cruiser croiseur corsario corsario corsaro Crusade croisade cruzada cruzada crociata Crusader crois6 cruzado cruzado crociato Cry cri grito grito grido Crystal crista! cristal crystal cristallo Crystalline cristallin cristalino crystallino cristallino Crystallization cristallisation cristalizacion crystallizagao cristallizzazione Cube cube cubo cubo cubo Cubic cubique cubico cubico cubico Cuckoo coucou cuco cuco cuculo Cuirass cuirasse coraza coura^a corazza Cuirassier cuirassier coracero couraceiro corazziere Culmination culmination culminacion culmina$ao culminazione Culture culture cultura cultura cultura Cupola coupole cupula cupola cupola Curator curateur curador curador curatore Curt court corto curto corto Curtain courtine cortina cortina cortina Cutlet cotelette chuleta costella costoletta Cutter, mar. cutter cuter cutter cutter Cycloid cycloide cicloide cycloide cicloide Cyclops, sing ^. cyclope ciclope cyclopas, pi. ciclope Cylinder cylindre cilindro cylindro cilindro Cylindrical cylindrique cilindrico cylindrico cilindrico Cymbal cymbale cimbalo cymbalo cembalo Cynic cynique cinico cynico cinico Cynical cynique cinico cynico cinico Cypress cypres cipres cypreste cipresso Czar czar zar czar czar Czarina czarine zarina czarina czarina Dactyl dactyle dactilo dactilo dattilo Damask damas damasco damasco damasco Dame dame dama dama dama Dance danse danza danga danza 64 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Krokodil krokodil Krokodille krokodil krokodil Kreuz kruis Kors kors krest Krone kroon Krone krona korona Kreuzer kruiser Krydser kryssare kreiser Kreuzzug kruistogt Kors tog korstag kruzada, spl. Kreuzfahrer kruisvaarder Korsfarer korsfarare krestonosetz Schrei schreeuw Skrig skri krik Krystall kristal Krystal kristall kristall krystallen kristallijn krystallinsk kristallisk khrustal'nyi Krystallisation kristallisatie Krystallisation kristallisatioc I kristallizatzia Kubus kubus Kubus kub ' kub kubisch kubiek kubisk kubisk kubitcheski Kuckuk koekoek Kukker kuku kukushka Kiirass kuras Kyras kyrass kirasa Kiirassier kurassier Kyrasser kyrassier kirasir Culmination culminatie Kulmination kulmination kul'minatzia Cultur cultuur Kultur kultur kul'tura Kuppel koepel Kuppel kupol kupol Curator curator Kurator kurator kurator kurz kort kort kort korotki Gardine gordijn Gardin gardin gardina Kotelett kotelet Kotelet kotlett kotleta Kutter kotter Kutter kutter kater, spl. Cykloide cycloide Cykloide cykloid tzikloida Cyclop cycloop Cyklop cyklop tziklop Cylinder cylinder Cylinder cylinder tzilindr cylindrisch cylindrisch cylindrisk cylindrisk tzilindritcheski Cymbal cimbaal Cymbal cymbal kimval Cyniker cyniker Cyniker cyniker tzinik cynisch cynisch cynisk cynisk tzinitcheski Cypresse cipres Cypres cypress kiparis Czar czaar Tsar czar tzar' Czarina czarin Tsarinde czarina tzaritza Dactyl daktylus Daktyl daktyl daktil' Damast damast Damask damask damask Dame dame Dame dam dama Tanz dans Dans dans tanetz 65 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Dance, v. Dancer Danseuse Dative Deacon Dean Debit Decade December Decimal Declaim Declaimer Declamation Declamatory Decoration Decree Decretal Deism Deist Deistical Delegate Delegation Delicacy Delicate Demagogue Democracy Democrat Democratic Demon Demoniacal Dentist Department Deputation Dervish Desert, v. Deserter Despot Despotic Despotism danser danseur danseuse datif diacre doyen debet decade decembre decimal declamer declamateur declamation declamatoire decoration decret decretale deisme deiste deiste delegue delegation delicatesse delicat demagogue democratic democrate democratique demon demoniaque dentiste departement deputation derviche deserter deserteur despote despotique despotisme danzar danzador danzadora dativo diacono dean debito decada Diciembre decimal declamar declamador declamacion declamatorio decoracion decreto decretero deismo deista deistico delegado delegacion delicadeza delicado demagog© democracia democrata democratic© demonio demoniac© dentista departamento diputacion dervis desertar desertor despota despotic© despotism© 66 danzar danparino dangarina dativ© diacon© dea© debit© decada Dezembr© decimal declamar declamad©r declamaga© declamat©ri© dec©ra9a© decreto decretal deismo deista deistico delegado delegacao delicadeza delicado demagog© dem©cracia dem©crata democratic© dem©ni© dem©niac© dentista departament© deputajao dervis desertar desert©r desp©ta desp©tic© despotisnio danzare danzat©re danzatrice dativo diac©n© decan© debit© decade dicembre decimale declamare declamat©re declamazi©ne declamat©ri© dec©razi©ne decret© decretale deism© deista deistico delegat© delegazi©ne delicatezza delicat© demagog© democrazia dem©cratico democratic© demoni© demoniac© dentista dipartiment© deputazi©ne dervis disertare disertore desp©ta desp©tic© desp©tism© German Dutch Danish- Norwejilan Swedish Russian tanzen dansen danse dansa tantzovat' Tiinzer danser Danser dansare tantzor Tanzerin danseres Danserinde dansos tantzorka Dativ datief Dativ dativ datel'nyi Diakon diaken Diakon diakon d'yakon Dekaii deken Dekan dekan dekan Debet debet Debet debet debet Decade decade Dekade dekad dekada December December December december Dekabr' Decimal decimaal Decimal decimal desyatitchnyi declamiren declameeren deklamere deklamera deklamirovat' Declamator declamator Deklamator deklamator deklamator Declamation declamatie Deklamation deklamation deklamatzia declamatorisch declamatorisch deklamatorisk deklamatorisk deklamatorski Decoration decoratie Dekoration dekoration dekoratzia Decret decreet Dekret dekret dekret Decretal dekretal Dekretal dekretal dekretalia Deismus deisme Deisme deism deizm Deist deist Deist deist deist deistisch deistisch deistisk deistisk deistitcheski Delegat gedelegeerde Delegeret delegat delegat Delegation delegeering Delegation delegation delegatzia Delikatesse delicatie Delikatesse delikatess delikatnost' delikat delicaat delikat delikat delikatnyi Demagog demagoog Demagog demagog demagog Demokratie demokratie Demokrati demokrati demokratia Demokrat demokraat Demokrat demokrat demokrat demokratisch demokratisch demokratisk demokratisk demokratitcheski Damon demon Daemon demon demon damonisch demonisch daemonisk demonisk demonitcheski Dentist tandmeester Dentist dentist dantist Department departement Departement departement departament Deputation deputatie Deputation deputation deputatzia Derwisch dervis Dervish dervisch dervish desertiren deserteeren desertere desertera dezertirovat' Deserteur deserteur Desertor desertor dezertir Despot despoot Despot despot despot despotisch despotisch despotisk despotisk despotitcheski Despotismus despotisme Despotisme 67 despotism despotizm English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Devil diable diablo diabo diav©lo Deviltry- diablerie diablura diabrura diav©leria Diabolic diabolique diabolic© diabolic© diabolic© Diadem diademe diadema diadema diadema Diagonal, adj. diagonal diagonal diagonal diag©nale Dialect dialecte dialecto dialecto dialett© Dialectic dialectique dialectic© dialectic© dialettic© Dialectician dialecticien dialectic© dialectic© dialettic© Dialogue dialogue dialog© dial©g© dialog© Diameter diametre diametr© diametr© diametr© Diametrical diametral diametral diametral diametrale Diamond diamant diamante diamante diamante Dictate dieter dictar dictar dettare Dictation dictee dictad© dictad© dettatura Dictator dictateur dictador dictad©r dittatore Dictatorial dictatorial dictatorio dictat©ri© dittatorio Didactic didactique didactic© didactic© didattico Diet diete dieta dieta dieta Dilemma dilemme dilema dilemma dilemma Diluvian diluvien diluvian© diluvian© diluvian© Diploma diplome dipl©ma dipl©ma diploma Diplomacy diplomatic dipl©matica diplomacia diplomazia Diplomat diplomate diplomatic© dipl©mata diplomatic© Diplomatic diplomatique diplomatic© dipl©matic© diplomatic© Direction direction direccion direcga© direzi©ne Director directeur direct©r direct©r direttore Directory- directoire directorio direct©ri© dirett©ri© Discipline discipline disciplina disciplina disciplina Discount decompte descuent© desc©nt© scont© Discount, V. decompter descontar desc©ntar scon tare Disputant disputant disputador disputante disputatore Dispute dispute disputa disputa disputa Distance distance distancia distancia distanza Distich distique distic© distic© distic© Distil distiller destilar distillar distillare Distillation distillation destilaci©n distillagao distillazione Distiller distillateur destilad©r distillador distillat©re Divan divan divan divan divan© Dividend dividende dividend© dividend© dividend© 68 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Teufel duivel Djsevel djefvul d'yavol Teufelei duivelarij Dj^cvelskab djefvulskap d'yavol'shtchina diabolisch diabolisch diabolsk diabolisk d'yavol'ski Diadem diadem Diadem diadem diadema Diagonal diagonaal Diagonal diagonal diagonal'nyi Dialekt dialekt Dialekt dialekt dialekt dialektisch dialektisch dialektisk dialektisk dialektitcheski Dialektiker dialekticus Dialektiker dialektiker dialektik Dialog dialoog Dialog dialog dialog Diameter diameter Diameter diameter diametr diametrisch diametraal diametrisk diametral diametral'nyi Diamant diamant Diamant diamant almaz diktiren dicteeren diktere diktera diktovat' Diktat dictaat Diktat dikterande diktovka Diktator dictator Diktator diktator diktator diktatorisch dictatoriaal diktatorisk diktatorisk diktatorski didaktisch didactisch didaktisk didaktisk didaktitcheski Diat dieet Diset diet dieta Dilemma dilemma Dilemma dilemma dilemma diluvianisch diluviaansch diluvial diluviansk dilyuvial'nyi Diplom diploma Diplom diplom diplom Diplomatic diplomatic Diplomat! diplomat! diplomatia Diplomat diplomaat Diplomat diplomat diplomat diplomatisch L diplomatisch diplomatisk diplomatisk diplomatitcheski Direction dircctie Direktion direktion direktzia Director directcur Direktor direktor direktor Directorium directorium Direktorat direktorium direktoria Disciplin discipline Disciplin disciplin distziplina Disconto disconto Diskonto diskonto diskont discontiren disconteeren diskontere diskontera diskontirovat* Disputant disputant Disputator disputant disputant Disput dispuut Disput dispyt disput Distanz distantic Distance distans distantzia Distichon distichon Distikon distikon dvustishie destilliren distilleercn destillere destillera distilirovat' Destination distillatic Destination destination distilyatzia Destillateur distillateur Destillator destillator distilator Divan divan Divan divan divan Dividend dividend Dividende dividend dividend 69 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Doctor docteur doctor doutor dottore Document document documento documento documento Dogma dogme dogma dogma dogma Dogmatic dogmatique dogmatic© dogmatico dogmatico Dollar dollar dolar dollar dollaro Domino domino domino domino domino Doric dorique dorico dorico dorico Dose dose dosis dose dose Double double doble duplo doppio Doubloon doublon doblon dobrao dobblone Dozen douzaine docena duzia dozzina Dragoman drogman dragoman dragomano dragomanno Dragon dragon dragon dragao dragone Dragoon dragon dragon dragao dragone Dram drachme dracma drachma dramma Drama drame drama drama dramma Dramatic dramatique dramatico dramatico drammatico Dromedary- dromadaire dromedario dromedario dromedario Drug drogue droga droga droga Druid druide druida druida druido Dryad dryade driada dryada driade Ducat ducat ducado ducado ducato Duel duel duelo duello duello Duelist duelliste duelista duellista duellista Duet duo duo dueto duetto Dynamic dynamique dinamico dynamico dinamico Dynasty E Ebony dynastie dinastia dynastia dinastia ebene ebano ebano ebano Eccentric excentrique excentrico excentrico eccentrico Eccentricity excentricite excentricidad excentricidadeeccentricita Echo echo eco echo eco Eclectic eclectique eclectico eclectico eclettico Ecliptic ecliptique ecliptica ecliptica eclittica Economical economique economico economico economico Economist economiste economista economista economista Economy economie economia economia economia Edict edit edicto edicto editto Egotism egoisme egoismo egoismo egoismo 70 German Dutch Danish - Norweirlan Swedish Russian Doctor doctor Doktor doktor doktor Dokument dokument Dokument dokument dokument Dogma dogma Dogme dogm dogmat dogmatisch dogmatisch dogmatisk dogmatisk dogmatitcheski Thaler dollar Daler dollar dollar Domino domino Domino domino domino dorisch dorisch dorisk dorisk doritcheski Dosis dosis Dosis dosis doza doppelt dubbel dobbelt dubbel dvoinoi Dublone dubloen Dublon dublon dublon Dutzend dozijn Dusin dussin dyuzhina Dragoman dragoman Dragoman drogman dragoman Drache draak Drage drake drakon Dragoner dragonder Dragon dragon dragun Drachme drachme Drakme drakma drakhma Drama drama Drama drama drama dramatisch dramatisch dramatisk dramatisk dramatitcheski Dromedar dromedaris Dromedar dromedar dromader Drogue droogerij Drogue drog dryan' Druide druide Druide druid druid Dryade dryade Dryade dryad driada Dnkaten dukaat Dukat dukat dukat Duell duel Duel duell duel' Duellant duellist Duellant duellant duelist Duett duet Duet duett duet dynamisch dynamisch dynamisk dynamisk dinamitcheski Dynastie E Ebenholz dynastie Dynasti dynasti dinastia ebbenhout Ibenholt ebenholts ebenovoie(derevo) excentrisch excentrisch excentrisk excentrisk ekstzentrik Excentricitat excentriciteit Excentricitet excentricitet ekstzentritchnost' Echo echo Ekko eko ekho eklektisch eklektikus eklektisk eklektisk eklektitcheski Ekliptik ecliptica Ekliptik ekliptika ekliptika okonomisch economisch okonomisk ekonomisk ekonom ilcheski Okonom econoom Okonom ekonom ekonomist Okonomie economic Okonomi ekonomi ekonomia Edict edict Edikt edikt edikt Egoismus egoismus Egoisme egoism egoizm 71 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Egotist Elastic Elasticity Electric Electricity- Electrify Elegiac Elegy Element Elementary Elixir Elm Elysian Elysium Emancipate Emancipation Embalm Emblem Embryo Emigrant Emigrate Emigration Empiric Empiricism egoiste elastique elasticite electrique electricite electriser elegiaque elegie element elementaire elixir • orme elyseen I'elysee emanciper emancipation embaumer embleme embryon emigrant emigrer emigration empirique empirisme Encyclopedia encyclopedic Endemic endemique Endive Energetic Energy Engineer English Enthusiasm Enthusiast Epic Epicure Epicurean Epidemic, a. endive energique energie ingenieur anglais enthousiasme enthousiaste epique epicurien d'epicurien cpidemique Epidemic, n. epidemic Epigram epigramme egoista elastico elasticidad electrico electricidad electrizar elegiaco elegia elemento elemental elixir olmo eliseo eliseo emancipar emancipacion embalsamar emblema embrion emigrado emigrar emigracion empirico empirismo enciclopedia endemico endibia energico energia ingeniero ingles entusiasmo entusiasta epico epicureo epicureo epidemico epidemia epigrama egoista elastico elasticidade electrico electricidade electrizar elegiaco elegia elemento elemental elixir olmo elyseo elysio emancipar emancipagao embalsamar emblema embryao emigrado emigrar emigragao empirico empirismo encyclopedia endemico endivia energico energia engenhiero inglez enthusiasmo enthusiasta epico epicureo epicureo epidemico epidemia epigramma egoista elastico elasticita elettrico elettricita elettrizzare elegiaco elegia elemento elementare elisire olmo elisio elisio emancipare emancipazione imbalsamare emblema embrione emigrante emigrare emigrazione empirico empirismo enciclopedia endemico endivia energico energia ingegnere inglese entusiasmo entusiaste epico epicureo epicureo epidemico epidemia epigramma 72 German Dutch Danish- Norweeian Swedish Russian Egoist egoist Egoist egoist egoist elastisch elastiek elastisk elastisk elastitcheski Elasticitat elasticiteit Elasticitet elasticitet elastitchnost' elektrisch electriek elektrisk elektrisk elektritcheski Elektricitat electriciteit Elektricitet elektricitet elektritchestvo elektrisiren elektriseeren elektrisere elektriscra elektrizovat' elegisch elegisch elegisk elegisk elegitchcski Elegie elegie Elegi elegi elegia Element element Element element element elementarisch elementair elementaer elementar elementarnyi Elixir elixir Elixir elixir eliksir Ulme olm ^Im aim ilem elysisch elyzeesch elysisk elyseisk yeliseiski Elysium elysium Elysium elyseen elizium emancipiren emancipeeren emancipere emancipera emantzipirovat' Emancipation emancipatie Emancipation emancipation emantzipatzia einbalsamiren inbalsemen balsamere balsamera bal'zamirovat' Emblem embleem Emblem emblem emblema Embryo embryo Embryo embryo embrion Emigrant emigrant Emigrant emigrant emigrant emigriren emigreeren emigrere emigrera emigrirovat' Emigration emigratie Emigration emigration emigratzia empirisch empirisch empirisk empirisk empirik Empirie empirie Empiri empirism empirizm Ency clopadie encyclopedic Encyclopsedi encyklopedi entziklopedia endemisch endemisch endemisk endemisk endemitcheski Endivie endijvie Endivie endivia endivi energisch energisch energisk energisk energitchnyi Energie energie Energi energi energia Ingenieur ingenieur Ingenior ingenior inzhener englisch engelsch engelsk engelsk angliski Enthusiasmus enthusiasmus Enthusiasme cntusiasm entuziazm Enthiisiast enthusiast Enthusiast entusiast entuziast episch episch episk episk epitcheski Epicuraer epikurist Epikuraeer epikure epikureetz epicuraisch epikurisch epikuraeisk epikureisk epikureiski epidemisch epidemisch epidemisk epidemisk epidemitcheski Epidemic epidemic Epidemi epidemi epidemia Epigramm epigram Epigram epigram epigramma 73 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Epilepsy- epilepsie epilepsia epilepsia epilessia Epileptic, a. epileptique epileptico epileptico epilettico Epilogue epilogue epilogo epilogo epilogo Episcopacy- episcopat episcopado episcopado episcopato Episcopal episcopal episcopal episcopal episcopale Episode episode episodio episodio episodio Epistle epitre epistola epistola epistola Epitaph epitaphe epitafio epitaphio epitaffio Epithet epithete epiteto epitheto epiteto Epoch epoque epoca epoca epoca Equator equateur ecuador equador equatore Era ere era era era Esplanade esplanade explanada explanada spianata Essence essence esencia essencia essenza Ether ether eter ether etere Ethereal ^there etereo ethereo etereo Ethical ethique etico ethico etico Ethics ethique etica ethica etica Etymologist etymologiste etimologista etymologista etimologista Etymology- etymologic etimologia etymologia etimologia European, a. europeen europeo europeo europeo Evangel evangile evangelio evangelho evangelo Evangelical evangelique evangelico evangelico evangelico Evangelist evangeliste evangelista evangelista evangelista Evolution evolution evolucion evolugao evoluzione Examination examen examinacion examinagao esame Examine, v. examiner examinar examinar esaminare Examiner examinateur examinador examinador esaminatore Excursion excursion excursion excursao escursione Execution execution ejecucion execu9ao esecuzione Executor executeur ej ecu tor executor esecutore Exercise, n. exercice ejercicio exercicio esercizio Exercise, v. exercer ejercitar exercitar esercitare Exponent exposant exponente exponente esponente Extra extra extra extra extra Extract F Fabric extrait extracto extracto estratto fabrique fabrica fabrica fabbrica Facade facade fachada fachada facciata 74 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweclan Swedish Russian Epilepsia epilepsie Epilepsi epilepsi epilepsia epileptisch epileptisch epileptisk epileptisk epileptitcheski Epilog epiloog Epilog epilog epilog Episcopat episkopaat Episkopat episkopat yepiskopstvo episkopal episkopaal episkopal episkopal yepiskopski Episode episode Episode episod epizod Epistel epistel Epistel epistel pis' mo Epitaph epitaaf Epitaf epitaf epitafia Epithet epitheet Epitet epitet epitet Epoche epoque Epoke epok epokha Aquator equator ^kvator eqvator ekvator iira eeuw ^ra era era Esplanade esplanade Esplanade esplanad esplanada Essenz essence Essens essens essentzia Xther aether ^ter eter efir. atherisch setherisch seterisk eterisk efirnyi ethisch ethisch etisk etisk etitcheski Ethik ethiek Etik etik etika Etymolog etymoloog Etymolog etymolog etimolog Etymologie etymologie Etymologi etymologi etimologia eiiropaisch europeesch europseisk europeisk yevropeiski Evangelium evangelic Evangelium evangelium yevangelie evangelisch evangelisch evangelisk evangelisk yevangel'ski Evangelist evangelist Evangelist evangelist yevangelist Evolution evolutie Evolution evolution evolyutzia Examination examen Examen examination ekzamen examiniren examineeren examinere examinera ekzamenovat' Examinator examinator Examinator examinator ekzamenator Excursion excursie Exkursion exkursion ekskursia Execution executie Exekution exekution ekzekutzia Executor executeur Exekutor exekutor ekzekutor Exercitium exercitie Exercis exercis ekzertzitzia exerciren exerceeren exercere exercera ekzertzirovat'sya Exponent exponent Exponent exponent eksponent extra extra extra extra ekstrennoie Extrakt F Fabrik extract Extrakt extrakt ekstrakt fabriek Fabrikat fabrikat fabrika Facade fagade Facade fasad fasad 75 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Factor facteur factor feitor fattore Factory factorie factoria feitoria fattoria Faculty- faculte facultad faculdade facolta False faux falso falso falso Familiar familier familiar familiar famigliare Family- famille familia familia famiglia Fanatic, n. fanatique fanatico fanatico fanatico Fanatical fanatique fanatico fanatico fanatico Fanaticism fanatisme fanatismo fanatismo fanatismo Fantastic fantastique fantastico fantastico fantastico Fantasy fantaisie fantasia fantasia fantasia Farce farce farsa far^a farsa Fatal fatal fatal fatal fatale Fatalism fatalisme fatalismo fatalismo fatalismo Fatalist fataliste fatalista fatalista fatalista Faun faune fauno fauno fauno February fevrier Febrero Fevereiro febbrajo Federal federal federal federal federale Federation federation confederacion federagao federazione Festival festival fiesta festival festa Feudal feodal feudal feudal feudale Fiber fibre fibra fibra fibra Fig figue higo figo fico Figure figure figura figura figura Flame flamme llama flamma fiamma Flank flanc flanco flanco fianco Flannel flanelle franela flanella flanella Flask flasque frasco frasco fiasco Flemish flamand flamengo flamengo fiammingo Flora flore flora flora flora Flute Mte flauta flauta flauto Focus foyer foco foco fuoco Folio folio folio folio foglio Force, v. forcer forzar formar forzare Form, n. forme forma forma forma Form, V. former formar formar form a re Formal formel formal formal form ale Formality formality formalidad formalidade formality Formation formation formacion forma^ao formazione 76 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweelan Swedish Russian Faktor factor Faktor faktor faktor Faktorei factorij Faktori faktori faktoria Fakultat fakulteit Fakultet fakultet fakul'tet falsch valsch falsk falsk fal'shivyi familiar familiaar familiaer familiar famiryarnyi Familie familie Familie familj familia Fanatiker fanatiek Fanatiker fanatiker fanatik fanatisch fanatiek fanatisk fanatisk fanatitcheski Fanatismus fanatismus Fanatisme fanatism fanatizm fantastisch fantastisch fantastisk fantastisk fantastitcheski Fantasie fantazie Fantasi fantasi fantazia Farce farce Farce fars fars fatal fataal fatal fatal fatal' nyi Fatalismus fatalismus Fatalisme fatalism fatalizm Fatalist fatalist Fatalist fatalist fatalist Faun faun Faun faun favn Februar Februari Februar februari Fevral' federal federaal federal federal federal' nyi Federation federatie Federation federation federatzia Fest feest Fest fest festival' feudal feudaal feudal feodal feodal' nyi Fiber fibrine Fiber fiber fibra Feige vijg Figen fikon figa Figur figuur Figur figur figura Flamme vlam Flamme flamma plamya Flanke flank Flanke flank flang Flanell flanel Flanel flanell flanel' Flasche flesch Flaske flaska flyazhka flamisch vlaamsch fiamsk flemisk flamandski Flora flora Flora flora flora Flote fluit Floite flojt fleita Fokus focus Fokus fokus fokus Folio folio Folio folio foliant forciren forceeren forcere forcera forsirovat' Form vorm Form form forma formen vormen forme forma formirovat' formell formed formel formel formal' nyi Formalitat formaliteit Formalitet formalitet formal' nest' Formation formatie Formation formation formatzia 77 English French Spanish Portuguese » Italian Formula formule formula formula formola Formulate formuler formular formular formolare Forum forum foro foro foro Fountain fontaine fuente fonte fontana France France Francia Franga Francia French frangais frances francez francese Fricassee fricassee fricase fricasse fricassea Frigate fregate fragata fragata fregata Front front Irente fronte fronte Fruit fruit fruto fruto frutto Function fonction funcion funcgao funzione Fund fonds fondo fundo fondo Fundament fondement fundamento fundamento fondamento Fundamental fondamental fundamental fundamental fondamentale Fury furie furia furia furia G Gallery galerie galeria galeria galleria Galley galere galera gale galera Gallican gallican galicano gallicano gallicano Gallop galop galope galope galoppo Gallop, V. galoper galopar galopar galoppare Galvanic galvanique galvanico galvanico galvanico Galvanism galvanisme galvanismo galvanismo galvanismo Galvanize galvaniser galvanizar galvanizar galvanizzare Gangrene gangrene gangrena gangrena cancrena Garnet grenat gran ate granate granato Garrison garnison guarnicion guarnigao guarnigione Gas gaz gas gaz gas Gasometer gazometre gasometro gazometre gasometro Gastric gastrique gastrico gastrico gastrico Gauze gaze gasa gaza garza Gazelle gazelle gazela gazella gazzella Genealogy genealogie genealogia genealogia genealogia General, a. general general geral generale Generality g^n^ralite generalidad generalidade generality Genius genie genio genio genio Geographical geographique - geografico 7« geographico geografico German Dutch Danlsh- Norweeian Swedish Russian Formel formule Formel formel formula formuliren formuleeren formulere formulera formulirovat' Forum forum Forum forum forum Fontane fontein Fontaene fontan fontan Frankreich Frankrijk Frankrig Frankrike Frantzia franzosisch fransch frank fransk frantzuzski Fricassee fricassee Frikasse frikasse frikasse Fregatte fregat Fregat fregatt fregat Fronte front Front front front Frucht vrucht Frugt frukt frukt Funktion functie Funktion funktion funktzia Fond fondo Fond fond fond Fundament fondament Fundament fundament fundament fundamental fondamenteel fundamental fundamental fundamental'nyi Furie furie Furie furie furia G Gallerie galerij Galleri galleri gaiereya Galeere galei Galei galer galera gallikanisch gallisch gallikansk gallikansk gallikanski Galopp galop Galop galopp galop galoppiren galoppeeren galopere galoppera galopirovat' galvanisch galvanisch galvanisk galvanisk gal'vanitcheski Galvanismus galvanismus Galvanisme galvanism gal'vanizm galvanisiren galvaniseeren galvanisere galvanisera gal'vanizirovat' Gangrane kanker Gangraene gangren gangrena Granat granaat Granat granat granat Garnison garnizoen Garnison garnison garrizon Gas gas Gas gas gaz Gasometer gasmeter Gasometer gasometer gazometr gastrich gastrisch gastrisk gastrisk gastritcheski Gaze gaas Gaze gas gaz Gazelle gazelle Gazelle gazell gazel' Genealogie genealogie Genealogi genealogi genealogia general generaal general general general Generalitat generaliteit Generalitet generalitet generalitet Genie genie Geni genius geni geographiscii L geographisch geografisk geografisk geografitcheski 79 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Geography geographic geografia geographia geografia Geology geologic geologia geologia geologia Geometrical geometrique geometrico geometrico geometrico Geometry geometric geometria geometria geometria Geranium geranium geranio geranio geranio Gerund gerondif gerundio gerundio gerundio Giraffe girafe girafa girafa giraffa Gladiator gladiateur gladiator gladiador gladiatore Globe globe globo globo globo Gondola gondole gondola gondola gondola Gondolier gondolier gondolero gondoleiro gondoliere Goose oie ganso ganso oca Gothic gothique gotico gothico gotico Governess gouvernante gobernadora governadora governatrice Governor gouverneur gobernador governador governatore Gradation gradation graduacion grada^ao gradazione Grade grade grado grao grado Grain(meas. ) grain grano grao grano Grammar grammaire gramatica grammatica grammatica Grammariar I grammairien gramatico grammatico grammatico Grammatical grammatical gramatical grammatical grammaticale Granite granit granito granito granito Grecian grec griego grego greco Greek, n. Grec Griego Grego Greco Grenade grenade granada granada granata Grenadier grenadier granadero granadeiro granatiere Grotesque grotesque grotesco grotesco grottesco Guaranty garantie garantia garantia garanzia Guarantee, V . garantir garantir garantir guarentire Guillotine guillotine guillotina guilhotina ghigliottina Guinea, coin guinee guinea guinea ghinea Guitar guitare guitarra guitarra chitarra Gum gomme goma gomma gomma Gymnasium gymnase gimnasio gymnasio ginnasio Gymnastics gymnastique gimnastica gymnastica ginnastica Gypsum H Hammock gypse yeso gypso gesso hamac hamaca maca amaca Harlequin arlequin arlequin 80 arlequim arlecchino German Dutch Danlsh- NorweKian Swedish Russian Geographic geographic Geografi geografi geografia Geologic geologic Geologi geologi geologia geometrisch geometrisch geomctrisk geometrisk geometritcheski Geometric geometric Geomctri geomctri geometria Geranium geranium Geranium geranium geran' Gerundium gerundium Gerundium gerundium gerundi Giraffe giraffe Giraf giraff zhiraf Gladiator gladiator Gladiator gladiator gladiator Globus globe Globus glob globus Gondel gondel Gondol gondol gondola Gondolier gondolier Gondoliere gondolier gondol' yer Gans gans Gaas gas gus' gothisch gothisch gothisk gotisk gotitcheski Gouvernante : gouvcrnante Guvernantc guvernant guvernantka Gouverneur gouverneur Guvernor guvernor guvernyor Gradation gradatie Gradation gradation gradatzia Grad graad Grad grad gradus Gran graan Gran gran gran Grammatik grammatica Grammatik grammatik grammatika Grammatikergrammaticus Grammatiker grammatiker grammatik grammatisch grammaticaal grammatikalskgrammatisk grammatitcheski Granit granit Granit granit granit gricchisch grieksch grsesk grekisk gretcheski Grieche Griek Graeker Grek Grek Granate granaat Granat granat granata Grenadier grenadier Grenader granador grenader grotesk grotesk grotesk grotesk groteskovyi Garantie garantie Garanti garanti garantia garantiren garantccren garantere garantera garantirovat* Guillotine guillotine Guillotine guillotine gil'otina Guince guinje Guinea guinea gineya Guitarre guitar Guitar guitarr gitara Gummi gom Gummi gummi gummi Gymnasium gymnasium Gymnasium gymnasium gimnazia Gymnastik gymnastiek Gymnastik gymnastik gimnastika Gips H Hangematte gips Gips gips gips hangmat Haengekojc hangmatta gamak Harlekin harlekijn Harlekin harlekin arlckin 8i English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Harmonic harmonique armonico harmonico armonico Harmony harmonic armonia harmonia armonia Harp harpe arpa arpa arpa Harpoon harpon arpon arpao arpagone Hej ira hegire egira hegira egira Helmet heaume yelmo elmete elmetto Heptarchy- heptarchie heptarquia heptarchia eptarchia Herald heraut heraldo arauto araldo Heresy heresie herejia heresia eresia Heretic heretique hereje heretico eretico Heretical heretique heretico heretico ereticale Hermetic hermetique hermetico hermetico ermetico Hero heros heroe heroe eroe Heroic heroique heroic© heroico eroico Hierarchical hierarchique gerarquico hierarchico gerarchico Hierarchy hierarchic gerarquia hierarchia gerarchia Historian historien historiador historiador istorico Historic historique historico historico istorico History histoire historia historia istoria Holland Hollande Holanda Hollanda Olanda Hollander Hollandais Holandes Hollandez Olandese Horizon horizon horizonte horizonte orizzonte Horizontal horizontal horizontal horizontal orizzontale Horoscope horoscope horoscopo horoscopo oroscopo Hosanna hosanna hosana hosanna osanna Hospital h&pital hospital hospital ospedale Hotel h6tel hotel hotel osteria Humor humeur humor humor umore Hurricane ouragan huracan furacao uracano Hyacinth hyacinthe Jacinto Jacinto giacinto Hydra hydre hidra hydra idra Hydraulic hydraulique hidraulico hydraulico idraulico Hyena hyene hiena hyena iena Hymen hymen himeneo hymen imeneo Hymn hymne himno himno inno Hyperbole hyperbole hiperbole- hyperbole iperbole Hypotenuse hypothenuse hipotenusa hypothenusa ipotenusa Hypothesis hypothese hipotesis hypothese ipotesi Hypothetical hypothetique hipotetico hypothetic© ipotetico 82 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian harmonisch harmonisch harmonisk harmonisk garmonitcheski Harmonie harmonie Harmoni harmoni garmonia Harfe harp Harpc harpa arfa Harpune harpoen Harpun harpun garpun Hegira hedsjra Hegira hegira egira Helm helm Hjelm hjelm shlem Heptarchie heptarchie Heptarchi heptarki geptarkhia Herold heraut Herold harold gerol'd Haresie ketterij Haeresi heresi yeres' Ketzer ketter Kjaetter kattare yeretik ketzerisch kettersch kjsettersk kattersk yeretitcheski hermetisch hermetisch hermetisk hermetisk germetitcheski' Held held Hclt hjelte geroi heroisch heroik heroisk heroisk geroiski hierarchisch hierarchaal hierarkisk hierarkisk yerarkhitcheski Hierarchie hierarchie Hierarki hierarki yerarkhia Historiker historicus Historiker historiker istorik historisch historisch historisk historisk istoritcheski Historic historic Historic historia istoria Holland Holland Holland Holland Gollandia Hollander Hollander Hollsender Hollandare Gollandetz Horizont horizont Horisont horisont gorizont horizontal horizontaal horisontal horisontal gorizontal'nyi Horoskop horoscoop Horoskop horoskop goroskop Hosianna hosanna Hosianna hosianna osanna Hospital hospitaal Hospital hospital, spl. gospital' Hotel hotel Hotel hotell otel' Humor humor Humor humor yumor Orkan orkaan Orkan orkan uragan Hyacinthe hyacint Hyacint hyacint giatzint Hydra hydra Hydra hydra gidra hydraulisch hydraulisch hydraulisk hydraulisk gidravlitcheski Hyane hyena Hyaene hyena giena Hymen hymen Hymen hymen Gimenei Hymne hymne Hymne hymn gimn Hyperbel hyperbool Hyperbol hyperbol giperbola Hy pothenuse hypotenuse Hypotenus hypotenusa gipotenuza Hypothese hypothese Hypothese hypotes gipoteza hypothetisch hypothetisch hypothetisk hypotetisk gipotetitcheski 83 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Hyssop hysope hisopo hysopo isopo Hysteria hysterie histerico hysteria isteria Hysterical I I hysterique histerico hysterico isterico je yo eu io Ibis ibis ibis ibis ibi Iconoclast iconoclaste iconoclasta iconoclasta iconoclasta Idea idee idea idea idea Ideal ideal ideal ideal ideale Idiom idiome idioma idioma idioma Idiot idiot idiota idiota idiota Idiotic idiot idiotico idiotico idiota Idol idole idolo idolo idolo Idyl idylle idilio idyllio idillio Illuminate illuminer iluminar illuminar illuminare Illumination illumination iluminacion illuminacao illuminazione Illustrate illustrer ilustrar illustrar illustrare Illustration illustration ilustracion illustrajao illustrazione Imperial imperial imperial imperial imperiale Imperialist imperialiste imperiale imperae imperialista Improvise improviser improvisar improvisar improvvisare Incognito incognito incognito incognito incognito Indian, a. indien indio indio indiano Individual, a .. individuel individual individual individuale Infantry infanterie infanteria infantaria fanteria Inquisition inquisition inquisicion inquisigao inquisizione Inspection inspection inspeccion inspec^ao ispezione Inspector inspecteur inspector inspector ispettore Instance instance instancia instancia istanza Instinct instinct instinto instincto istinto Institute institut instituto instituto instituto Institution institution institucion institui^ao instituzione Instruction instruction instruccion instruc^ao istruzione Instrument instrument instrumento instrumento istrumento Instrumental instrumental instrumental instrumental istrumentale Insurgent insurge insurgente insurgente insorgente Interest iuteret i uteres interesse interesse 84 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Ysop hyzop Isop isop issop hysterisch hysterisch hysterisk hysterisk isteritcheski Hysteric hysteric Hysteri hysteri isterika I ich ik jeg jag ya Ibis ibis Ibis ibis ibis Ikonoklast ikonoklast Ikonoklast ikonoklast ikonoboretz Idee idee Ide ide ideya idealisch ideaal idealsk idealisk ideal Idiom idioom Idiom idiom idiotizm Idiot idioot Idiot idiot idiot idiotenhaft idiotisch idiotisk idiotisk idiotski Idol idool Idol idol idol Idylle idylle Idyl idyll idillia illuminiren illumineeren illuminere illuminera illyuminovat' Illumination illuminatie Illumination illumination illyuminatzia illustriren illustrceren illustrere illustrera illyustrirovat' Illustration illustratic Illustration illustration illyustratzia imperial impcriaal imperial imperial imperatorski Imperialist imperialist Imperialist imperialist imperialist improvisirec L improviseeren improvisere improvisera improvizirovat' iukognito incognito inkognito inkognito inkognito indisch indisch indiansk indisk indyeiski individuell individucel individuel individuel individual'nyi Infanterie infanterie Infanteri infanteri infanteria Inquisition inquisitie Inkvisition inqvisition inkvizitzia Inspektion inspectie Inspektion inspektion inspektzia Inspektor inspekteur Inspektor inspektor inspektor Instanz instantie Instants instans instantzia Instinkt instinkt Instinkt instinkt instinkt Institut instituut Institut institut institut Institution institutie Institution institution institut Instruktion instruktie Instruktion instruktion instruktzia Instrument instrument Instrument instrument instrument instrumental [ iustrumentaal instrumental instrumental instrumentarnyj Insurgent insurgent Insurgent insurgent insurgent Interesse interest Interesse intresse interes 85 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Interest, v. Interested Interesting Introduction Inventory Ireland Irish, a. Ironic Irony- Italian, n. Italian, a. interesser interesse interessant introduction inventaire rirlande irlandais ironique ironie Italien italien interesar interesado interesante introduccion inventario Irlanda irlandes ironico ironia Italian© italiano interessar interessado interessante introducgao inventario Irlanda irlandez ironico ironia Italiano italiano interessare interessato interessante introduzione inventario Irlanda irlandese ironico ironia Italiano italiano Jacobin Jalap January Japan Jasmine Jasper Jehovah Jelly Jesuit Jew Jeweler Jewish Journal Jubilee Judaism Judicial July June jacobin jalap Janvier Japon jasmin jaspe Jehovah gelee jesuite juif joaillier judaique journal jubile judaisme judiciaire juillet juin Jupiter Jupiter Juridical juridique Jurisdiction juridiction Jurisprudencej ur ispr udence Jurist juriste Justice justice jacobino jalapa Enero Japon jazmin jaspe Jehova jalea jesuita Judio joyero judio jornal jubileo judaismo judicial Julio Junio Jupiter J juridico jurisdiccion jurisprudencia j jurista justicia jacobino giacobino jalapa jalappa Janeiro gennaio Japao Giappone jasmim gelsomino jaspe diaspro Jehova Jehova gelea gelatina jesuita gesuita Judeo giudeo joialheiro gioielliere judaico giudaico jornal giornale jubileo giubbileo judaismo giudaismo judicial giudiziale Julho luglio Junho giugno Jupiter Giove uridico giuridico urisdic^ao giurisdizione urisprudencia giurisprudenza urista giurista justiga giustizia 86 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian interessiren iuteresseeren iuteressere intressera interesovat'sya interessirt geinteresseerd interesseret intresserad zainteresovannyi interessant interessant interessant intressant interesnyi Introduction I introduktie Introduktion introduktion introduktzia Inventarium inventaris Inventarium inventarium inventar' Irland lerland Irland Irland Irlandia irlandisch iersch irsk irlandsk irlandski ironisch ironisch ironisk ironisk ironitcheski Ironie ironie Ironi ironi ironia Italianer Italiaan Italiener Italienare Ital'yanetz italienisch italiaansch italiensk italiensk ital'yanski J Jakobiner j acobi j n Jakobiner jakobin yakobinetz Jalappe jalap Jalap jalappa yalappa Januar Januari Januar januari Yanvar' Japan Japan Japan Japan Yaponia Jasmin jasmijn Jasmin jasmin zhasmin Jaspis jaspis Jaspis jaspis yashma Jehovah Jehova Jehovah Jehovah Yegova Gelee gelei Gele gele zhele Jesuit jezuit Jesuit Jesuit yezuit Jude jood Jode jude zhid Juwelier juwelier Juveler juvelerare yuvelir jiidisch joodsch jodisk judisk zhidovski Journal journaal Journal jurnal zhurnal Jubilaum jubeleum Jubilaeum jubileum yubilei Judaismus judaismus Judaisme Judaism iudeistvo judicial judicieel judiciel judiciel sudeiski Juli Juli Juli juli lyul' Juni Juni Juni juni lyun' Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Jupiter Yupiter juristisch juridisch juridisk juridisk yuriditcheski Jurisdiction jurisdictie Jurisdiktion jurisdiktion yurisdiktzia Jurisprudenz jurisprudentie Jurisprudens jurisprudens yurisprudentzia Jurist jurist Jurist jurist yurist Justiz justitie Justits justitie yustitzia 87 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian K Kitchen cuisine cocina cozinha cucina Labj-rinth labyrinthe laberinto labyrintho laberinto Laconic laconique laconico laconico laconico Lagoon lagune laguna laguna laguna Lamp lampe lampara lampada lampada Lancet lancette lanceta lanceta lancetta Latin, a. latin latino latino latino Laudanum laudanum laudano laudano laudano Lava lave lava lava lava Lecture lecture lectura leitura lettura Legate legat legado legado legato Legation legation legacion legacia legazione Legend legende legenda lenda leggenda Legion legion legion legiao legione Lemon limon limon limao limone Lemonade limonade limonada limonada limonata Leopard leopard leopardo leopardo leopardo Lethargy- lethargic letargo lethargia letargo Levant, n. levant levante levante levante Leviathan leviathan leviatan leviathao leviatan Levite levite Levita Levita Levita Levitical levetique levitico levitico levitico Lexicography lexicographic lexicografia lexicographia lessicografia Lexicon lexique lexicon lexicon lessico Liberal, a. liberal liberal liberal liberale Liberality liberalite liberalidad liberalidade liberalita Lieutenant lieutenant lugarteniente tenente luogotenente Lily lis lirio lirio giglio Line ligne linea linha linea Lineal lineal lineal lineal lineale Lion lion leon leao leone List liste lista lista lista Litany litanie letania litania litania Literary litteraire literario litterario letterario Literature litterature literatura litteratura letteratura Lithograph, v. lithographier litografiar 88 lithographar litografare German Dutch Danish- Norweclan Swedish Russian K Kiiche keuken Kjokken kok kukhnya Li Labyrinth labyrinth Labyrint labyrint labirint lakonisch lakoniek lakonisk lakonisk lakonitcheski Lagune lagune Lagune lagun laguna Lampe lamp Lampe lampa lampa Lanzette lancet Lancet lansett lantzet lateinisch latijnsch latinsk latinsk latinski Laudanum laudanum Laudanum laudanum laudan Lava lava Lava lava lava Lekture lektuur Lektyre lektyr, spl. lektzia Legat legaat Legat legat legat Legation legatie Legation legation legatzia Legende legende Legende legend legenda Legion legioen Legion legion legion Linione limoen Lemon limon limon Litnonade limonade Lemonade limonad limonad Leopard luipaard Leopard leopard leopard Lethargic lethargie Letargi letargi letargia Levante levant Levant levanten Levant Leviathan leviathan Leviatan leviathan leviafan Levit Leviet Levit levit levit levitisch levietisch levitisk levitisk levitski Lexikographie lexicografie Lexikografi lexikografi leksikografia Lexikon lexicon Lexikon lexikon leksikon liberal liberaal liberal liberal liberal'nyi Liberalitat liberaliteit Liberalitet liberalitet liberal'nost' Lieutenant luitenant Loitnant loitnant leitenant Lilie lelie Lilje lilja lilia Linie linie Linje linie linia linear lineair linear linear lineinyi Lowe leeuw Love lejon lev Liste lijst Liste lista list Litanei litanij Litani litania litania literarisch geletterd literaer Hterar literaturnyi Literatur letteren Literatur literatur literatura lithographiren lithographeeren litografere litografera litografirovat' 89 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Lithographer li thographe litografo lithographo lit©graf© Lithography lithographic litografia lithographia lit©grafia Liturgy liturgie liturgia liturgia liturgia Livery livree librea librea livrea Logarithm logarithme logaritmo logarithm© l©garitm© Logic logique logica logica logica Logical logique logico logico logico Logician logicien logico logico logico Lord lord lord lord lord Lotus lotus loto loto loto Loyal loyal leal leal leale Loyalist loyaliste realista realista realista Loyalty loyaute lealtad lealdade lealta Lucifer Lucifer Lucifer Lucifer Lucifer© Lunar lunaire lunar lunar lunare Lute luth laud alaude Hut© Lutheran, n. lutherien Luterano Lutheran© Luterano Lutheran, a. lutherien luterano lutherano luterano Lyceum lycee liceo lyce© lice© Lymphatic lymphatique linfatico lymphatic© linfatic© Lyre lyre lira lyra lira Lyric lyrique lirico lyrico liric© Macaroni macaroni macarrones macarra© maccheroni Machine machine maquina machina macchina Machinery mecanisme maquinaria machinaria macchinazi©ne Machinist machiniste maquinista machinista macchinista Madeira Madere Madera Madeira Madera Madrigal madrigal madrigal madrigal madrigale Magazine magasin almacen almazem magazzin© Magian mage mago mag© mag© Magic, n. magie magia magia magia Magical magique magico magico magic© Magistracy magistrature magistratura magistratura magistratura Magnate magnat magnate magnate magnate Magnesia magnesie magnesia magnesia magnesia Magnetic magnetique magnetico magnetico magnetico Magnetism magn^tisme magnetism© magnetism© magnetism© 90 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Lithograph lithograaf Litograf litograf litograf Lithographic lithografie Litografi litografi litografia Liturgie liturgie Liturgi liturgi liturgia Livree liverei Liberi livre livreya Logarithmus logarithme Logaritme logaritm logarifm Logik logika Logik logik logika logisch logisch logisk logisk logitcheski Logiker logikus Logiker logiker logik Lord lord Lord lord lord Lotus lotus Lotus lotus lotos loyal loyaal loyal lojal loyal' nyi Loyalist loyalist Loyalist lojalist loyalist Loyalitat loyaliteit Loyalitet lojalitet loyal'nost' Lucifer Lucifer Lucifer Lucifer Lyutzifer lunarisch lunarisch lunar lunar lunnyi Laute luit Lut luta lyutnya Lutheraner Lutheraan Lutheraner lutheran lyuteranin lutherisch luthersch luthersk luthersk lyuteranski Lyceum lyceum Lyceum lyceum litzei limphatisch lymphatisch lymfatisk lymfatisk limfatitcheski Leier Her Lyre lyra lira lyrisch M Maccaroni lyrisch lyrisk lyrisk liritcheski macaroni Makaroni makaroni makarony Maschine machine Maskine maskin mashina Maschinerie machinerie Maskineri maskineri mashiny Maschinist machinist Maskinist maskinist mashinist Madeira Madera Madeira Madera Madera Madrigal madrigal Madrigal madrigal madrigal Magazin magazijn Magasin magasin magazin Magier magier Mager mager mag Magie magie Magi magi magia magisch magisch magisk magisk magitcheski Magistratur magistratuur Magistrat magistrat magistrat Magnat magnaat Magnat magnat magnat Magnesia magnesia Magnesia magnesia magnesia magnetisch magnetisch magnetisk magnetisk magnitnyi Magnetismus magnetismus Magnetisme magnetism magnetizm 91 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Magnetize magnetiser magnetizar Maize mai's maiz Major majeur mayor Malachite malachite malaquites Mama. maman mama Mandarin mandarin mandarin Mandolin mandoline bandolin Mania manie mania Manichean Manicheen maniqueo Manifest, n. manifeste manifiesto Manifestationmanifestation manifestacion Manna manne mana Mantilla mantille Mantle manteau Manufacture manufacture Manuscript manuscrit Marble marbre March, mo. mars March, v. marcher Marchioness marquise Mark Mark, v. Market Marquis Marshal Masculine Mask, V. marque marquer marche marquis marechal masculin masquer Masquerade mascarade Mass (bulk) masse Massive massif Master maitre Material, a. materiel Materialism materialisme Materialist materialiste Mathematicalmathematique matematico Mathematician mathematicien matematico Mathematics math^matiques matematica Matron matrone matrona Matter mati^re materia mantilla manto manufactura manuscrito marmol Marzo marchar marquesa marca marcar mercado marques mariscal masculine enmascarar mascarada masa macizo maestro material materialismo materialista magnetisar maiz major malachite mai mandarim bandolim mania manicheo manifesto manifesta^ao mana mantilha manto manufactura manuscrito mar more Margo marchar marqueza marca marcar mercado marquez marechal masculine mascarar mascarada massa massigo mestre material materialismo materialista mathematico mathematico mathematica matrona materia magnetizzare maiz maggiore malachite mamma mandarino mandolino mania manicheo manifesto manifestazione manna mantiglia manto manifattura manoscritto marmo marzo niarciare marchesa marca marcare mercato marchese maresciallo mascolino mascherare mascherata massa massiccio maestro materiale materialismo materialista matematico matematico matematica matrona materia 92 German Dutch Danish- Norweclan Swedish Russian magnetisiren magnetiseeren magnetisere magnetisera magnetizirovat' Mais mais Mais majs mais Major majoor Major major maior Malachit malachiet Malakit malakit malakhit Mama mama Mamma mamma mama Mandarin mandarijn Mandarin mandarin mandarin Mandoline mandoline Mandolin mandolin mandolina Manie manie Mani mani mania Manichaer manicheer Manikseer manikeer manikheetz Manifest manifest Manifest manifest manifest Manifestationmanifestatie Manifestation manifestation manifestatzia Manna manna Manna manna manna Mantille mantilje Mantille mantilj mantil'ya Mantel mantel Mantel mantel mantia Manufaktur manufaktuur Manufaktur manufaktur manufaktura Manuscript manuskript Manuskript manuskript manuskript Marmor marmer Marmor marmor marmor Marz Maart Marts mars Mart marschiren marcheeren marschere marschera marshirovat' Marquise markiezin Markise markisinna markiza Marke merk Mserke marke marka merken merken maerke marka markirovat' Markt markt Marked marknad yarmarka Marquis markies Markis markis markiz Marschall maarschalk Marskal marskalk marshal maskulin mannelijk maskulin maskulin muzheski maskiren maskeeren maskere maskera maskirovat' Maskerade maskerade Maskerade maskerad maskarad IMasse mas Masse massa massa massiv massief massiv massiv massivnyi Meister meester Mester mastare master materiell materieel materiel , materiel material' nyi Materialismus materialismus Materialisme materialism raaterializm Materialist materialist Materialist materialist materialist mathematisch mathematisch matematisk matematisk matematitcheski Mathematiker mathematicus Matematiker matematiker matematik Mathematik mathematiek Matematik matematik matematika Matrone matrone Matrone matrona matrona Materie materie Materie materia materia 93 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Mausoleum mausolee mausoleo mausoleo mausole© May, mo. mai Mayo Maio maggi© Measure, v. mesurer medir medir misurare Mechanic, n. mecanicien mecanico mechanico meccanic© Mechanical mecanique mecanico mechanico meccanico Mechanics mecanique mecanica mechanica meccanica Mechanism mecanisme mecanismo mechanism© meccanismo Medal medaille medalla medalha medaglia Medallion medaillon medallon medalhao medagli©ne Medical medical medical medical medicale Medicine medecine medicina medicina medicina Melancholic melancolique melancolico melancolico malinconico Melancholy- melancolie melancolia melancolia malinc©nia Melodious melodieux melodioso melodioso mel©dios© Melodrama melodrame melodrama melodrama mel©dramma Melody melodie melodia melodia melodia ISIemorial, n. memorial, spl, , memorial memorial memoriale Mercury mercure mercurio mercurio mercuri© Meridian meridien meridiano meridiano meridian© Merino, a. merino merino merino merin© Messiah Messie Mesias Messias Messia Metal metal metal metal metallo Metallic metallique metalico metallic© metallic© Metallurgist metallurgiste metalurgico metallurgista metallurg© Metallurgy metallurgie metalurgia metallurgia metallurgia Metaphor metaphore metafora metaphora metafora Metaphorical metaphorique metaforico metaphorico metaforic© Metaphysicalmetaphysique metafisico metaphysico metafisic© Metaphysician metaphysicien metafisico metaphysico metafisic© Metaphysics metaphysique : metafisica metaphysica metafisica Meteor meteore meteoro meteoro mete©ra ^Meteoric meteorique meteorico meteorico meteorico Meteorology meteorologie meteorologia meteorologia meteorologia Meter (verse^ ) metre metro metro metro Method methode metodo method© metod© Methodic methodique metodico methodic© met©dic© Metonymy metonymie metonimia met©nymia met©nimia Metrical metrique metrico metrico metric© Metropolitan I metropolitain metropolitano metropolitanc ) metropolitan© 9+ German Dutch Danish- NorweRian Swedish Russian Mausoleum mausoleum Mausoleum mausole mavzolei Mai Mei Mai maj Mai messen meten maale mata mezhevat', spl. Mechaniker mechanicus Mekanikus mekaniker mekhanik mechaniscli mechanisch mekanisk mekanisk mekhanitcheski Mechanik mechanica Mekanik mekanik mekhanika Mechanismusmechanismus Mekanisme mekanism mekhanizm Medaille Medaillon medalje medaljon Medalje Medaljon medalj medaljong medal' medal'on medizinisch medicinaal medecinsk medicinsk meditzinski Medizin medicijn Medicin medicin meditzina melancholisch melankolisch melankolsk melankolisk melankholitcheski Melancholie melankolie Melankoli melankoli melankholia melodisch melodisch melodisk melodisk meloditcheski Melodrama melodrama Melodrama melodram melodrama Melodic melodie Melodi melodi melodia Memorial memoriaal Memorial memorial memorial Merkur merkurius Merkur merkur merkuri Meridian meridiaan Meridian meridian meridian merino merino merino merino merinos Messias Messias Messias Messias Messia Metall metaal Metal metall metall metalliscli metalliek metallisk metallisk metallitcheski Metallurg Metallurgie Metapher metallurgist metallurgie metafoor Metallurg Metallurgi Metafor metallurg metallurgi metafor metallurg metallurgia metafora metaphorischmetaforisch metaphysischmetafizisch Metaphysiker metafizicus Metaphysik metafizika Meteor meteoor metaforisk metafysisk Metafysiker Metafysik Meteor metaforisk metafysisk metafysiker metafysik meteor metaforitcheski metafizitcheski metafizik metafizika meteor meteorisch meteorisch meteorisk meteorisk meteoritcheski Meteorologie meteorologie Metrum metrum Meteorologi Metrum meteorologi meter meteorologia metr Methode methode Metode metod metoda methodisch methodisch metodisk metodisk metoditcheski Metonymie metrisch metonymie metrisch Metonymi metrisk metonymi metrisk metonimia metritcheski metropolitar I metropolitaan Metropolit, n. metropolit, n. mitropolit, n. 95 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Miasm miasme miasma miasma miasma Microscope Microscopic Mile microscope microscopic microscopique microscopico mille milla microscopic microscopico milha microscopic microscopico miglio Militia milice milicia milicia milizia Miller meunier molinero mcleiro molinaro Million million millon milhao milione Millionaire millionnaire millonario millionario milionaric Mimic mimique mimico mimico mimico Minaret minaret minarete minarete minarete Mineral, a. mineral mineral mineral minerale Mineralogicalmineralogique mineralogico Mineralogist mineralogista mineralogista Mineralogy mineralogie mineralogia mineralogico mineralogista mineralogia mineralogico mineralogista mineralogia Miniature miniature miniatura miniatura miniatura Minimum minimum minimo minimo minimum Minister ministre ministro ministro ministro Ministerial ministeriel ministerial ministerial ministeriale Ministry ministere ministerio ministerio ministerio Minuet menuet minuete minuete minuetto Minute minute minuto minute minuto Misanthrope Misanthropy misanthrope misanthropie misantropo misantropia misanthrope misanthropia misantropo misantropia Mission mission mision missao missione Missionary.! i.missionaire misionero missionario missionario Mistress maitresse maestra mestra maestra Mnemonics Mode mnemonique mode mnemonica modo mnemonica modo mnemonica moda Model modele modelo modelo modello Modulate moduler modular modular modulare Modulation modulation modulacion mcdula^ac modulazione Moment moment momento momento momento Monarch monarque monarca monarcha monarca Monarchical Monarchy monarchique monarchic monarquico monarquia monarchico monarchia monarchico monarchia Monastic monastique mondstico monastico monastico Monk moine monje monge monaco Monogram monogramme monograma 96 monogramma monogramma German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Miasma miasma Miasma miasma miazma Mikroskop mikroskoop Mikroskop mikroskop mikroskop mikroskopisch mikroskopisch mikroskopisk mikroskopisk mikroskopitcheskl Meile mijl Mil mil milya Miliz militie Milits milis militzia MuUer molenaar MoUer mjolnare mel'mk Million millioen Million million million Millionar millionair Millionaer millionar millioner mimisch mimisch mimisk mimisk mimitcheski Minaret minaret Minaret minaret minaret mineralisch mineraal mineralsk mineral mineral'nyi mineralogisch mineralogisch mineralogisk mineralogisk mineralogitcheski Mineralog mineraloog Mineralog mineralog mineralog Mineralogie mineralogie Mineralogi mineralogi mineralogia Miniatur miniatuur Miniatur miniatyr miniatyura Minimum minimum Minimum minimum minimum Minister minister Minister minister ministr ministeriell ministerieel ministeriel ministeriel ministerski Ministerium ministerie Ministerium ministar ministerstvo Menuett menuet Menuet menuett menuet Minute minuut Minut minut minuta Misanthrop misanthroop Misantrop misantrop mizantrop Misantliropi( 2 misanthropic Misantropi misantropi mizantropia Mission missie Mission mission missia Missionar missionair Missionser missionar missioner Meisterin meesteres Matresse matress masteritza Mnemonik mnemoniek Mnemonik mnemonik mnemonika Mode mode Mode mod moda Modell model Model modell model' moduliren moduleeren modulere modulera modulirovat' Modulation modulatie Modulation modulation modulyatzia Moment moment Moment moment moment Monarch monarch Monark monark monarkh monarchisch monarchaal monarkisk monarkisk monarkhitcheski Monarchie monarchie Monarki monarki monarkhia monastisch monnikachtig monastisk monastisk monastyrski Monch mounik Munk munk monakh Monogramm monogram Monogram monogram monogramma 97 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Monologue monologue monologo monologo monologo Monopolist monopoleur monopolista monopolista monopolista Monopoly- monopole monopolio monopolio monopolio Monotonous monotone monotono monotono monotono Monotony monotonie monotonia monotonia monotonia Month mois mes mez mese Monument monument monumento monumento monumento Moor More Moro Monro Moro Moral moral moral moral morale Moralist moraliste moral ista moralista moralista Morality- morale moralidad moralidade moralita Mosque mosquee mezquita mesquita moschea Moss mousse musgo musgo niuschio Mother m^re madre madre madre Motive motif motive motivo motivo Mulatto mulatre mulato mulato mulatto Mule mulct mulo mu mulo Mummy momie momia mumia mummia Municipal municipal municipal municipal municipale Muscle muscle musculo musculo musculo Museum musee museo museo museo Music musique musica musica musica Musical musical musical musico musicale Musician musicien musico musico musico Musk muse musco almiscar niuschio Musket mousquet mosquete mosquete moschetto Muslin mousseline muselina musselina mossolina Myrrh myrrhe mirra mirra mirra Mystery mystere misterio mysterio misterio Mystic, n. mystique mistico mystico mistico Mystical mystique mistico mystico mistico Mysticism mysticite misticismo mysticismo misticismo Myth mythe mito mytho mito M y thological my thologique : mitologico mythologico mitologico Mythology Nadir mythologie mitologia mythologia mitologia nadir nadir nadir nadir Naiad naiade nayade naiade naiade q8 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian ^lonolog monoloog Monolog monolog monolog Monopolist monopolist Monopolist monopolist monopolist Monopol monopolie Monopol monopol monopolia monoton monotoon monoton monoton monotonnyi Monotonia monotonia Monotoni monotoni monotonnost' Monat ma and Maaned manad myesyatz Monument monument Monument monument monument Mohr Moor Mor Mor mavr moralisch moreel moralsk moralisk moral'nyi Moralist moralist Moralist moralist moralist Moralitat moraliteit Moralitet moralitet moral' Moschee moskee Moske moske metchet' Moos mos Mos mossa mokh Mutter moeder Moder moder mat' Motiv motief Motiv motiv motiv Mulatte mulat Mulat mulatt mulat Maulesel muilezel Mule mulasna mul Mumie mumie Mumie mumie mumia municipal municipaal municipal municipal munitzipal'nyi Muskel mossel Muskel muskel muskul Museum museum Museum museum muzei Musik muziek Musik musik muzyka musikalisch muzikaal musikalsk musikalisk muzykal'nyi Musiker muziekant Musiker musiker muzykant Moschus muskus Moskus mysk muskus Muskete musket Musket muskot mushket Musselin mousselin Musselin muslin muslin Myrrhe mirre Myrra myrra rairra Mysterium mysterie Mysterium myster misteria Mystiker mystieker Mystiker mystiker mistik mystisch mystiek mystisk mystisk mistitcheski Mysticismus > mysticismus Mysticisme mysticism mistitzizm Mythe mythe Myte myt mif mythologischmythologisch mytologisk mytologisk mifologitcheski Mythologie Nadir mythologie Mytologi mytologi mifologia nadir Nadir nadir nadir Najade najade Najade najad nayada 99 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Name nom nombre nome nome Name, v. nommer nombrar nomear nominare Nankeen nankin nanquin nanquin nanchino Naphtha napthe nafta naphta nafta Narcissus narcisse narciso narciso narciso Narcotic, a. narcotique narcotico narcotico narcotico Nasal nasal nasal nasal nasale Nation nation nacion na^ao nazione National national nacional nacional nazionale Nationality- nationalite nacionalidad nacionalidade nazionalita Natural naturel natural natural naturale Naturalist naturaliste naturalista naturalista naturalista Naturalization naturalisation . naturalizacion naturalizagao naturalizzazione Naturalize naturaliser naturalizar naturalizar naturalizzare Nature nature natura natura natura Necrology necrologie necrologia necrologia necrologia Nectar nectar nectar nectar nettare Negative negatif negativo negativo negativo Negro negre negro negro negro Neological neologique neologico neologico neologico Neologist neologue neologo neologo neologo Neology neologie neologia neologia neologia Nepotism nepotisme nepotismo nepotismo nepotismo Neptune Neptune Neptuno Neptuno Nettuno Nereid nereide nereida nereida nereide Nerve nerf nervio nervo nervo Nervous nerveux nervioso nervoso nervoso Net, a. net neto neto netto Neuter neutre neutro neutro neutro Neutral neutre neutral neutral neutrale Neutrality neutralite neutralidad neutralidade neutralita Neutralize neutraliser neutralizar neutralizar neutralizzare New nouveau nuevo novo nuovo Night nuit noche noite notte No, adv. non no nao no Nomenclature nomenclature nomenclatura nomenclatura nomenclatura Nominal nominal nominal nominal nominale North nord norte norte norde Nose nez nariz nariz naso ICO German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Name naam Navn namn imya nenuen noemen naevne namna imenovat' Nanking nankin Nankin nankin nanka Naphtha nafta Nafta nafta neft' Narcisse narcis Narcisse narciss nartzis narkotisch narkotisch narkotisk narkotisk narkotitcheski nasal nasaal nasal nasal nosovoi Nation natie Nation nation natzia national nationaal national national natzional'nyi Nationalitat nationaliteit Nationalitet nationalitet natzional'nost' natiirlich natuurlijk naturlig naturlig natural'nyi Naturalist naturalist Naturalist naturalist naturalist Naturalisation naturalisatie Naturalisation naturalisation naturalizatzia naturalisirer I naturaliseeren naturalisere naturalisera naturalizovat' Natur natuur Natur natur natura Nekrologie nekrologie Nekrologi nekrolog nekrologia Nektar nektar Nektar nektar nektar negativ negatief negativ negativ negativ, phot. Neger neger Neger neger negr neologisch neologisch neologisk neologisk neologitcheski Neolog neologist Neolog neolog neolog Neologie neologie Neologi neologi neologia Nepotismus nepotismus Nepotisme nepotism nepotizm Neptun Neptunus Neptun Neptunus Neptun Nereide nereide Nereide nereid nereida Nerve nerv Nerve nerv nerv nervos nerveus nervos nervos nervnyi netto netto netto netto netto neutrum neutrum noitrum neutrum neitral'nyi neutral neutraal noitral neutral neitral'nyi Neutralitat neutraliteit Noitralitet neutralitet neitralitet neutralisiren neutraliseeren noitralisere neutralisera neitralizovat' neu nieuw ny ny novyi Nacht nacht Nat natt notch' nein neen nei nej nyet Nomenklaturnomenklatuur Nomenklatur nomenklatur nomenklatura nominal nominaal nominal nominal nominal'nyi Nord noord Nord norr nord Nase neus Naese nasa nos lOI English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Notary- notaire notario notario notaro Note note nota nota nota Novel nouveau novel novella novello November novembre Noviembre Novembro novembre Novice novice novicio novigo novizio Null nul nulo nullo nullo Number nombre numero numero numero Nymph o nymphe ninfa nympha ninfa Oh Oh Oh O Oh Obelisk obelisque obelisco obelisco obelisco Object objet objeto objecto obbietto Objective objectif objetivo object ivo obbiettivo Obligation obligation obligacion obrigafao obbligazione Ocean ocean oceano oceano oceano Ocher ocre ocre ochre ocra Octagon octogone octagono octogono ottagono Octave octave octava octava ottava October octobre Octubre Outubro ottobre Ode ode oda ode ode Officer officier oficial official ufficiale Official, a. officiel oficial official ufficiale Oligarchy- oligarchic oligarquia oligarchia oligarchia Olive olive oliva oliva oliva Olympiad olympiade olimpiada olympiada olimpiade Olympic olympique olimpico olympico olimpico Omega omega omega omega omega One un uno um uno Ontology- ontologie ontologia ontologia ontologia Onyx onyx onix onyx onice Opal opale opalo opalo opale Open, V. ouvrir abrir abrir aprire Opera opera opera opera opera Operate operer operar operar operare Operation operation operacion opera^ao operazione Operator operateur operador operador operatore Opium opium opio opio oppio Oppose opposer oponer oppor oppore German Dutch Danish- Norwecian Swedish Russian Notar notaris Notarius notarie notarius Note noot Note not nota neu nieuw ny ny novyi November November November november Noyabr' Novize novice Novice novis novitchok Null nul Nul noil nul' Nummer nommer Nummer nummer numer Nymphe o nimf Nymfe nymf nimfa Oh O O Obelisk obelisk Obelisk obelisk obelisk Objekt objekt Objekt objekt obyekt objektiv objektief objektiv objektiv obyektivnyi Obligation obligatie Obligation obligation obligatzia Ozean oceaan Ocean ocean okean Oker oker Okker ockra okhra Achteck achthoek Ottekant oktogon os'miugol'nik Oktave oktaaf Oktav oktav oktava Oktober Oktober Oktober oktober Oktyabr' Ode ode Ode ode oda Officier ofiicier Officer officer ofitzer officiell officieel officiel officiel ofitzial'nyi Oligarchic oligarchic Oligarki oligarki oligarkhia Olive olijf Oliven oliv olivka Olympiade olympiade Olympiade olympiad olimpiada olympisch olympisch olympisk olympisk olimpiski Omega omega Omega omega omega ein een en en odin Ontologie ontologie Ontologi ontologi ontologia Onyx onyx Onyx onyx oniks Opal opaal Opal opal opal offnen ■ openen aabne oppna otvoryat' Oper opera Opera opera opera operiren opereeren operere operera operirovat' Operation operatic Operation operation operatzia Operateur operateur Operator operator operator Opium opium Opium opium opium opponiren opponeeren opponere opponera opponirovat' 103 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Opposition opposition oposicion opposigao ©pp©sizione Optical optique optico optico ottic© Optician opticien optico optico ottico Optics optique optica optica ottica Optimism optimisme optimism© optimism© ©ttimismo Optimist optimiste optimista optimista ottimista Oracle oracle oraculo oraculo oracolo Orangery orangerie naranjal laranjal aranciera Oratorio oratorio oratorio oratorio oratorio Oratory oratoire oratorio oratoria orat©ria Orchestra orchestre orquestra orchestra orchestra Order ordre orden ordem ordine Ordinary ordinaire ordenado ordinario ordinario Organ organe organo ©rgao organ© Organic organique organic© organic© ©rganic© Organist organiste organista organista organista Organize organiser organ izar organizar organizzare Orientate orienter orientar orientar ©rientare Original, a. originel original original ©riginale Originality originalite originalidad originalidade originalita Orion orion orion ori©n orione Ornament ornement ornamento ©rnament© ©rnament© Ornithologist ornithologiste ornitologista ©rnithologista L ornit©]ogo Ornithology ornithologie ornitologia ornithologia ornitologia Orthoepy orthoepie ortologia orthologia ortoepea Orthography orthographe ortografia orthographia ortografia Osteology osteologie osteologia oste©l©gia oste©l©gia Ostrich autruche avestruz abestruz struzz© Ottoman ottoman otomano ©th©man© ©tt©man© Ounce once onza on^a ©ncia Oval ovale oval oval ©vale Overture ouverture abertura abertura apertura Oyster P Pack huitre ostra ostra ©strica empaqueter empaquetar empacotar impacchettare Packet paquet paquete pacote pacchett© Page (person)page paje pagem paggio Pagoda pagode pagode pag©de pag©de 104 German Dutch Danish- Norweelan Swedish Russian Opposition oppositie Opposition opposition opozitzia optisch optisch optisk optisk optitcheski Optiker opticus Optiker optiker optik Optik optiek Optik optik optika Optimismus optimismus Optimisme optimism optimizm Optimist optimist Optimist optimist optimist Orakel orakel Orakel orakel orakul Orangerie oranjerij Orangeri orangeri oranzhereya Oratorium oratorium Oratorium oratorium oratoria Oratorium oratorium Oratorium oratorio, spl. ritorika Orchester orkest Orkester orkester orkestr Ordnung orde Orden ordning order ordinar ordinair ordineer ordinar ordinarnyi Orgel orgel Orgel orgel organ organisch organisch organisk organisk organitcheski Organist organist Organist organist organist organisiren organiseeren organisere organisera organizovat' orientiren orienteeren orientere orientera orientirovat'sya originell origineel original originell original'nyi Originalitat originaliteit Originalitet originalitet original' nost' Orion orion Orion Orion Orion Ornament ornement Ornament ornament ornament Ornitholog ornitholoog Ornitolog ornitolog ornitolog Ornithologie ; ornithologie Ornitologi ornitologi ornitologia Orthoepie orthoepie Orthoepi orthoepi orfoepia Orthographieorthografie Ortografi orthografi orfografia Osteologie osteologie Osteologi osteologi osteologia Strauss struis Struds struts Straus Ottoman ottoman Ottoman ottoman otomanka Unze ons Unse uns untzia oval ovaal oval oval oval'nyi Ouverture ouverture Ouverture uvertyr uvertyura Auster P packen oester Osters ostron ustritza paicken pakke packa pakovat' Packet pakket Pakke paket paket Page page Page page pazh Pagode pagode Pagode pagod pagoda 105 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Pair paire par par pajo Palace palais palacio palacio palazzo Palanquin palanquin palanquin palanquim palanchino Palisade palissade palizada paligada palizzatta Palladium palladium paladion palladio palladio Palm palme palma palma palma Pamphlet pamphlet folleto folheto foglietto Panacea panacee panacea panacea panacea Panegyric.n . panegyrique panegirico panegyrico panegirico Panegyrist panegyriste panegirista panegyrista panegirista Panic panique panico panico panico Panorama panorama panorama panorama panorama Pantaloons pan talon pantalon pantalonas pantaloni Pantheist pantheiste panteista pantheista panteista Pantheon pantheon panteon pantheon panteon Pantomime pantomime pantomima pantomima pantomimo Papa papa papa pai papa Papal papal papal papal papale Papist papiste papista papista papista Par pair par par pari Parade parade parada parada parata Paradox paradoxe paradoja paradoxo paradosso Paradoxical paradoxal paradojico paradoxo paradossico Paragraph paragraphe parrafo paragraph© paragrafo Parallel, n. parallele paralelo parallelo parallelo Paralysis paralysie paralisis paralysia paralisi Paralytic paralytique paralitico paralytico paralitico Parapet parapet parapeto parapito parapetto Paraphrase paraphrase parafrasi paraphrase parafrasi Parasite parasite parasito parasito parasito Parchment parchemin pergamino pergaminho pergamena Park pare parque parque par CO Parliament parlement parlamento parlamento parlamento Parliamentary parlementaire parlamentario parlamentar parlamentario Parody pared ie parodia parodia parodia Paroxysm paroxysme paroxismo paroxysmo parosismo Parterre parterre parterre parterre parterre Partizan partisan partidario partasana partigiano Party parti partido partido parte 1 06 German Dutch Dinlsh- Norweclan Swedish Russian Paar paar Par par para Palast paleis Palads palats palaty (pi.) Palaukin palanquin Palankin palankin palankin Pallisade palissade Palissade palisad palisada Palladium palladium Palladium palladium palladium Palme palm Palme palm pal'ma Pamphlet pamflet Pamflet pamflett pamflet Pauacee panacea Panace panace panatzeya Panegyricus panegyriek Panegyrik panegyrik pauegirik Panegyrist panegyrist Panegyrist panegyrist panegirist panisch panic panisk panisk panitcheski Panorama panorama Panorama panorama panorama Pantalons pantalon Pantalons pantalonger pantalony Pantheist pantheist Panteist panteist panteist Pantheon pantheon Panteon panteon panteon Pantomime pantomime Pantomime pantomim pantomima Papa papa Papa pappa papa papstlich pauselijk pavelig paflig papski Papist papist Papist papist papist Pari pari Pari pari al'pari Parade parade Parade parad parad Paradoxon paradox Paradox paradox paradoks paradox paradoxaal paradox paradox paradoksal'nyi Paragraph paragraaf Paragraf paragraf paragraf Parallele parallel Parallel parallel parallel' Paralysis paralysie Paralysis paralysi paralitch paralytisch paralytisch paralytisk paralytisk paralitchnyi Parapet parapet Parapet parapet parapet Paraphrase parafrase Parafrase parafras parafrazis Parasit parasiet Parasit parasit parazit Pergament perkement Pergament pergament pergament Park park Park park park Parlament parlement Parlament parlament parlament parlamentarisch parlementair parlamentariskparlamentariskparlamentski Parodie parodie Parodi parodi parodia Paroxysmui > paroxysmus Paroxysme paroxysm paroksizm Parterre parterre Parterre parterr parter Partisane bardezaan Partisan bardisan partizan Partei partij Parti parti partia 107 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Passage passage pasaje passagem passaggio Passenger passager pasajero passageiro passeggiere Passive passif pasivo passive passive Passover paque pascua paschoa pasqua Passport passe-port pasaporte passaporte passaporto Pastor pasteur pastor pastor pastore Pastoral pastoral pastoral pastoral pastorale Patent, a. patent patente patente patente Pathetic pathetique patetico pathetico patetico Pathologist pathologiste patologista pathologista patologista Pathology pathologie patologia pathologia patologia Patient, n. patient paciente paciente paziente Patriarch patriarche patriarca patriarcha patriarca Patriarchal patriarcal patriarcal patriarchal patriarcale Patrician, n. patricien patricio patricio patrizio Patriot patriote patriota patriota patriota Patriotic patriotique patriotico patriotico patriottico Patriotism patriotisme patriotismo patriotismo patriottismo Patrol patrouille patrulla patrulha pattuglia Patron patron patron patrao padrone Patronage patronage patrocinio patrocinio patronato Patroness patronne patrona padroeira padrona Pause pause pausa pausa pausa Pavilion pavilion pabellon pavilhao padiglione Pearl perle perla perola perla Pedagogue pedagogue pedagogo pedegogo pedagogo Pedal pedale pedale pedale pedale Pedant pedant pedante pedante pedante Pedantic pedantesque pedantesco pedantesco pedantesco Pedantry- pedanterie pedanteria pedantaria pedanteria Pedestal piedestal pedestal pedestal piedestallo Peer pair par par pari Pelican pelican pelicano pelicano pellicano Penguin pingouin penguin penguira pinguino Pension pension pension pensao pensione Pensioner pensionnaire pensionista pensionista pensionato Pentameter pentam^tre pentametro pentametro pentametro Peony pivoine peonia peonia peonia io8 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Passage passage Passage passage passazh Passagier passagier Passager passagerare passazhir passiv passief passiv passiv passivnyi Passah paaschen Paaske pask Paskha Pass paspoort Pas pass pasport Pastor pastoor Pastor pastor pastor pastoral pastoraal pastoral pastoral pastoral' nyi patent patent patent, spl. patent patentovannyi pathetisch pathetisch pathetisk patetisk patetitcheski Patholog patholoog Patholog patholog patolog Pathologie pathologie Pathologi pathologi patologia Patient patient Patient patient patzient Patriarch patriarch Patriark patriark patriarkh patriarchalisch patriarchaal patriarkalsk patriarkalisk patriarkhal'nyi Patrizier patricier Patricier patricier patritzi Patriot patriot Patriot patriot patriot patriotisch patriotisch patriotisk patriotisk patriotitcheski Patriotismuj ; patriotismus Patriotisme patriotism patriotizm Patrouille patrouille Patrol patruU patrul' Patron patroon Patron patron patron Patronat patronaat Patronat patronat, spl. patronatstvo Patronin patrones Patronesse patronessa patronessa Pause pauze Pause paus pauza Pavilion paviljoen Pavilion paviljong pavil'on Perle parel Perle perla perl Padagog pedagoog Psedagog pedagog pedagog Pedal pedaal Pedal pedal pedal' Pedant pedant Pedant pedant pedant pedantisch pedantisch pedantisk pedantisk pedantitcheski Pedanterie pedanterie Pedanteri pedanteri pedantstvo Piedestal pedestal Piedestal piedestal piedestal Pair pair Pair par per Pelikan pelikaan Pelikan pelikan pelikan Penguin pinguin Pingvin pinguin pingvin Pension pensioen Pension pension pension Pensionar gepensioneer( d Pensionaer pensionar pensioner Pentameter pentameter Pentameter pentameter pentametr Paonie pioene Pion pion pion 109 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Pepper poivre pimienta pimenta pepe Perihelion perihelia perihelio perihelio perielio Period periode period© periodo peri©d© Periodical periodique periodico periodico periodic© Periphrase periphrase perifrasis periphrase perifrasi Perpendicular perpendiculaire perpendicular perpendicular perpendicolare Perspective perspective perspectiva perspectiva perspettiva Peruke perruque peluca peruca parrucca Petard petard petardo petardo petard© Petroleum petrole petrolio petroleo petrolio Phaeton phaeton faeton phactonte faeton Phalanx phalange falange phalange falange Pharisaical pharisaique farisaico pharisaico farisaic© Pharisee pharisien fariseo phariseo farise© Pharmacy pharmacie farmacia pharmacia farmacia Phase phase fase phase fase Pheasant faisan faisan faisao fagiano Phenix phenix fenix phenix fenice Phenomenon phenomene fenomeno phenomeno fen©men© Philanthropicphilanthropique filantropico philantropico filantr©pico Philanthropist philanthrope filantropo philantropo filantr©p© Philanthropy philanthropic filantropia philantropia filantr©pia Philologist philologue filologo philologo filolog© Philology philologie filologia philologia fil©logia Philosopher philosophe filosofo philosopho fil©s©f© Philosophicalphilosophique filosofico philosophic© fil©sofic© Philosophize ; philosopher filosofar philosophar filosofare Philosophy philosophic filosofia philosophia filosofia Phlegm flegme flema flegma flemma Phlegmatic flegmatique flematico flegmatico fiemmatico Phosphoric phosphoriquc fosforico phosphoric© fosforic© Phosphorus phosphore fosforo phosphor© f©sfor© Photographerphotographe fotografo photograph© f©t©graf© Photography photographic fotografia phot©graphia f©t©grafia Phrase phrase frasc phrase frase Phraseology phraseologie fraseologia phrase©logia fraseologia Phrenologist phrenologue frenologo phrenologista frenologo Phrenology phrenologie frenologia phrenologia fren©l©gia Physical physique fisico physic© fisic© German Dutch Danish- Norwecian Swedish Russian Pfefifer peper Peber peppar peretz Perihelium perihelium Perihelium perihelium perigeli Periode periode Periode period period periodisch periodiek periodisk periodisk perioditcheski Periphrase periphrase Perifrase perifras perifraza perpendikular perpendikulairperpendikulaer perpendikular perpendikulyarnyi Perspektiv perspektief Perspektiv perspektiv perspektiva Perriicke pruik Paryk peruk parik Petarde petarde Petarde petard petarda Petroleum petroleum Petroleum petroleum petrolei Phaeton phaeton Faeton faeton faeton Phalanx phalanx Falanx falang falanga pharisaisch farizeesch farisaeisk fariseisk fariseiski Pharisaer farizeer Farisaeer farise farisei Pharmazie pharmacie Farmasi farmaci farmatzia Phase phase Fase fas faz Fasan fazant Fasan fasan fazan Phonix feniks Foniks fenix feniks Phanomen phenomeen Faenomen fenomen fenomen pliilanthropisch philanthropisch filantropisk filantropisk filantropitcheski Philanthrop philanthroop Filantrop filantrop filantrop Philanthropie philanthropie Filantropi filantropi filantropia Philolog filoloog Filolog filolog filolog Philologie filologie Filologi filologi filologia Philosoph filozoof Filosof filosof filosof philosophischfilozofisch filosofisk filosofisk filosofitcheski- philosophirenfilozofeeren filosofere filosofera filosofstvovat' Philosophic filozofie Filosofi filosofi filosofi a Phlegma flegma Flegma flegma flegma phlegmatisch flegmatisch flegmatisk flegmatisk tlegmatitcheski phosphorisch phosphorisch fosforsur fosforisk fosforitcheski Phosphor phosphorus Fosfor fosfor fosfor Photograph photograaf Fotograf fotograf fotograf Photographiephotografie Fotografl fotografl fotografla Phrase phrase Frase fras fraza Phraseologie phraseologie Fraseologi fraseologi frazeologia Phrenolog frenoloog Frenolog frenolog frenolog Phrenologie frenologie Frenologi frenologi frenologia physisch physisch fysikalsk fysisk fizitcheski III English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Physics physique fisica physica fisica Physiognomist physionomiste fisionomista physionomista fisonomista Physiognomy physionomie fisionomia physionomia fisonomia Physiologist physiologiste fisiologista physiologists . fisiologo Physiology physiologic fisiologia physiologia fisiologia Piano piano piano piano piano Pianoforte pianoforte pianoforte pianoforte pianoforte Piaster piastre piastra piastra piastra Picket piquet piquete piquete picchetto Pike (weap. ) pique pica pique picca Pilaster pilastre pilastra pilastra pilastro Pilgrim pelerin peregrino peregrino pellegrino Pilgrimage pelerinage peregrinacioE I peregrina^ao pellegrinaggio Pill pilule pildora pilula pillola Pillar pilier pilar pilar pilone Pipe pipe pipa pipa pippa Pirate pirate pirata pirata pirata Pistol pistolet pistola pistola pistola Plan plan piano piano pianta Planet planete planeta planeta pianeta Planetary planetaire planetario planetario planetario Plantation plantation plantacion plantagao piantagione Planter planteur plantador plantador piantatore Plaster platre emplasto emplastro impiastro Plastic plastique plastico plastico plastico Plate plaque plancha prancha piatto Platina platine platina platina platina Platonic platonique platonico platonico platonico Plebeian, a. plebeien plebeyo plebeo plebeo Plebeian, n. plebeien plebeyo plebeo plebeo Pleiads pleiades pleyades pleiadas plejadi Pleurisy pleuresie pleuresia pleuris pleurisia Pneumatic pneumatique neumatico pneumatico pneumatico Pneumatics pneumatique neumatica pneumatica pneumatica Poesy poesie poesia poesia poesia Poet poete poeta poeta poeta Poetic poetique poetico poetic® poetico Point pointe punta ponta punto Polar polaire polar polar polare 112 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweclan Swedish Russian Physik physika Fysik fysik fizika Physiognom physionomist : Fysiognom fysionom fizionomist Physiognomie physionomie Fysiognomi fysionomi fizionomia Physiolog physioloog Fysiolog fysiolog fiziolog Physiologic physiologie Fysiologi fysiologi fiziologia Piano piano Piano piano pianino Pianoforte pianoforte Fortepiano fortepiano fortepiano Piaster piaster Piaster piaster piastr Piket piket Piket piket piket Pike piek Pig pik pika Pilaster pilaster Pilaster pilaster pilyastra Pilger pelgrim Pilegrim pilgrim piligrim Pilgerschaft pelgrimage Pilegrimsreise pilgrimsfard piligrimstvo Pille pil Pille piller pilyulya Pfeiler pilaar Pille pelare pillers Pfeife PiJP Pibe pipa pipa (spl.) Pirat piraat Pirat pirat pirat Pistole pistool Pistol pistol pistolet Plan plan Plan plan plan Planet planeet Planet planet planeta planetarisch planetarisch planetarisk planetarisk planetnyi Pflanzung plantaage Plantning plantering plantatzia Pflanzer planter Planter planterare plantator Pflaster pleister Plaster plaster plastyr' plastisch plastisch plastisk plastisk plastitcheski Platte plaat Plade plat plita Platina platina Platina platina platina platonisch platonisch platonisk platonisk platonitcheski plebejisch plebeisch plebejisk plebejisk plebeiski Plebejer plebejer Plebeier plebej plebei Plejaden pleiaden Plejaderne pleiaderna pleyady Pleuritis pleuris Pleuritis plevresi plerezia pneumatisch pneumatiek pneumatisk pneumatisk pnevmatitcheski Pneumatik pneumatiek Pneumatik pneumatik pnevmatika Poesie poezie Poesi poesi poezia Poet poeet Poet poet poet poetisch poetisch poetisk poetisk poetitcheski Punkt punt Punkt punkt punkt Polar pool polar polarisk polyarnyi 113 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Pole (geog.; ) p61e polo polo polo Polemic polemique polemico polemico polemico Polemics polemique polemica polemica polemica Police police policia policia polizia Polish polonais polaco polaco pollacco Political politique politico politico politico Politician politique politico politico politico Politics politique politica politica politica Polygon polygone poligono polygono poligono Polypus polype polipo polypo polipo Pomade pommade pomada pomada pomata Pontoon ponton ponton pontao pontone Pope pape papa papa papa Popery papisme papismo papismo papismo Popular populaire popular popular popolare Popularity popularite popularidad popularidade popolarita Porphyry porphyr porfido porfido porfido Port port puerto porto porto Portal portail portal portal portone Porter porteur portero porteiro portiere Portico portique portico portico portico Portrait portrait retrato retrato ritratto Position position posicion posigao posizione Positive positif positivo positivo positivo Post poste posta posta posta Postilion postilion postilion postilhao postiglione Potash potasse potasa potassa potassa Powder poudre polvo polvora polvere Practical pratique practico pratico pratico Practice pratique practica pratica pratica Practise pratiquer practicar praticar praticare Pragmatic pragmatique pragmatico pragmatico prammatico Prefect prefet prefecto prefeito prefetto Prelate pr^lat prelado prelado prelato Prelude prelude preludio preludio preludio Premium prime premio premio premio Preparation preparation preparacion preparagao preparazione Presbyterian presbyterien presbiteriano presbyteriano 1 presbiteriano President president presidente presidente presidente 114 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweelan Swedish Russian Pol pool Pol pol polyus polemisch polemisch polemisk polemisk polemitcheski Polemik polemiek Polemik polemik polemika Polizei policie Politi polis politzia polnisch poolsch polsk polsk polirovka politiscli politick politisk politisk polititcheski Politiker politikus Politiker politiker politik Politik politiek Politik politik politika Polygon polygoon Polygon polygon poligon Polyp poliep Polyp polyp polip Pomade pomade Pomade pomada pomada Ponton pont Ponton ponton ponton Papst pans Pave pafve papa Papstthum pausdom Papisme papism papizm popular populair populser popular populyarnyi Popularitat populariteit Popularitet popularitet populyarnost' Porphyr porfier Porfyr porfyr porfir P forte poort Port port, spl. port Portal portaal Portal portal portal Pfortner portier Portner portier porter, spl. Portikus portiek Portikus portik portik Portrat portret Portrset portrait portret Position positie Position position positzia positiv positief positiv positiv pozitivnyi Posten post Post post post Postilion postilion Postiljon postiljon potchtar' Pottasche potasch Potaske pottaska potash Pulver poeder Pulver pulver pudra, spl. praktisch praktisch praktisk praktisk praktitcheski Praxis praktijk Praxis praktik praktika praktiziren praktizeeren praktisere praktisera praktikovat' pragmatisch pragmatisch pragmatisk pragmatisk pragmatitcheski Prafekt prefekt Prsefekt prefekt prefekt Pralat prelaat Prselat prelat prelat Praludium prelude Praeludium preludium prelyudia Pramie premie Prsemie premie premia Praparat preparaat Praeparat preparat preparat Presbyterianer presbyteriaan Presbyterianer presby terian presviterianin Prasident president Prsesident president prezident 115 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Press presse prensa prensa pressa Press, V. presser prensar imprensar pressare Pretend pretendre pretender pretender pretendere Pretender pretendant pretendiente pretendente pretendente Pretension pretention pretension pretensao pretensione Pretor preteur pretor pretor pretore Primacy primatie primacia primacia primazia Prince prince principe principe principe Princess princesse princesa princeza principessa Principle principe principio principio principio Prism prisme prisma prisma prisma Prismatic prismatique prismatico prismatico prismatico Private prive privado privado privato Privilege privilege privilegio privilegio privilegio Problem probleme problema problema problema Problematic problematiqu e problematico problematico problematico Process proces proceso processo processo Procession procession procesion procissao processione Proclaim proclamer proclamar proclamar proclamare Proclamation proclamation proclamacion proclamagao proclama Proconsul proconsul proconsul proconsul proconsolo Product produit producto producto prodotto Production production produccion producgao produzione Profession profession profesion profissao professione Professor professeur profesor professor professore Profile profil perfil profil profilo Program programme programa programma programma Progression progression progresion progress© progressione Progressive progressif progresivo progressivo progressivo Project projet proyecto proj ecto progetto Proletary proletaire proletario proletario proletario Proof preuve prueba prova prova Propaganda propagande propaganda propaganda propaganda Proportion proportion proporcion propor^ao proporzione Prosaic prosaique prosaico prosaico prosaico Prose prose prosa prosa prosa Proselyte proselyte proselito proselyto proselito Prosody prosodie prosodia prosodia prosodia Protector protecteur protector protector protettore Ii6 German Dutch Danlsh- Norwecian Swedish Russian Presse pers Presse press press pressen persen presse pressa prizhimat' pratendiren pretendeeren praetendere pretendera pretendovat' Pratendent pretendent Prsetendent pretendent pretendent Pratension pretentie Prjetension pretention pretenzia Prator pretor Praetor pretor pretor Primat primaat Primat primat primatstvo Prinz prins Prins prins printz Prinzessin prinses Prinsesse prinsessa printzessa Prinzip principe Princip princip printzip Prisma prisma Prisma prisma prizma prismatiscli prismatiscli prismatisk prismatisk prizmatitcheski privat privaat privat privat privatnyi Privilegium privilegie Privilegium privilegium privilegia Problem probleem Problem problem problema problematisch problematisch problematisk problematisk problematitcheski Prozess proces Proces process protzes Prozession processie Procession procession protzessia proklamiren proklameeren proklamere proklamera provozglashat' Proklamationproklamatie Proklamation proklamation proklamatzia Proconsul proconsul Prokonsul prokonsul prokonsul Produkt produkt Produktion produkt produkt Produkt produktie Produkt produktion produkt Profession professie Profession profession professia Professor professor Professor professor professor Profil profiel Profil profil profir Programm programma Program program programma Progression progressie Progression progression progressia progressiv progressief progressiv progressiv progresivnyi Project projekt Projekt projekt proekt Proletariat proletariaat Proletariat proletar proletari Probe proef Prove prof proba Propaganda propaganda Propaganda propaganda propaganda Proportion proportie Proportion proportion proportzia prosaisch prozaisch prosaisk prosaisk prozaitcheski Prosa proza Prosa prosa proza Proselyt proseliet Proselyt proselyt prozelit Prosodie prosodie Prosodi prosodi prosodia Protector protektor Protektor protektor protektor 117 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Protest, n. protet protesto protesto protesta Protest, V. protester protestar protestar protestare Protestant,n i.protestant protestante protestante protestante Protestant, a . protestant protestante protestante protestante Protestantism protestantisme protestantismo protestantismo protestantismo Protestation protestation protestacion protesta^ao protestazione Protocol protocole protocolo protocollo protocollo Prove prouver probar provar provare Province province provincia provincia provincia Provincial provincial provincial provincial provinciale Provisions provisions provision provis5es provvisione Psalm psaume salmo psalmo salmo Psalmist psalmiste salmista psalmista salmista Pseudonym pseudonyme seudonimo pseudonimo pseudonimo Psychological psychologique sicologico psychologico psicologico Psychologist psychologue sicologo psychologo psicologista Psychology psychologic sicologia psychologia psicologia Public, n. public publico publico pubblico Publish publier publicar publicar pubblicare Pudding pouding pudin pudim pudding Pulse pouls pulso pulso polso Pump pompe bomba bomba pompa Punch (dr'k) punch ponche ponche ponce Punctual ponctuel puntual pontual puntuale Puritan, n. puritain puritano puritano puritano Puritanic puritain puritano puritano puritanico Purple, n. pourpre purpura purpura porpora Pygmy pygmee pigmeo pygmeo pigmeo Pyramid pyramide piramide pyramide piramide Pyramidal pyramidal piramidal pyramidal piramidale Pyrotechnic pyrotechnique pirotecnico pyrotechnico pirotecnico Pythagorean Q Quadrature I pythagoricien pitagorico pythagorico pittagorico quadrature cuadratura quadratura quadratura Quadrille quadrille cuadrillo quadrilha quadriglio Quaker quaker cuaquero quaker quacchero Quarantine quarantaine cuarentena quarentena quarantina Quarter (place) quartier cuartel quartel quartiere Ii8 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Protest protest Protest protest protest protestiren protesteeren protestere protestera protestovat' Protestant protestant Protestant protestant protestant protestantisch protestantsch protestantisk protestantisk protestantski Protestantismus protestantismus Protestantismeprotestantism protestantstvo Protestation protest Protest protest protestovanie Protokoll protokol Protokol protokoll protokol probiren, spl. probeeren prove profva probovat' Provinz provincie Provins provins provintzia provinziell provinciaal provinciel provinsiel provintzial'nyi Proviant proviand Proviant proviant proviant Psalm psalm Salme psalm psalom Psalmist psalmist Salmist psalmist psalomnik Pseudonym pseudoniem Pseudonym pseudonym psevdonim psychologisch psychologisch psykologisk psykologisk psikhologitcheski Psycholog psychologist Psykolog psykolog psikholog Psychologie psychologie Psykologi psykologi psikhologia Publicum publiek Publikum publik publika publiciren publiceeren publicere publicera publikovat' Pudding pudding Pudding pudding puding Puis pols Puis puis pul's Pumpe pomp Pumpe pump pompa Punsch punch Punsch punsch punsh piinctlich punctueel punktlig punktlig punktual'nyi Puritaner puiitein Puritaner puritan puritanin puritanisch puriteinsch puritansk puritansk puritanski Purpur purper Purpur purpur purpur Pigmae pygmee Pygmse pygme pigmei Pyramide piramide Pyramide pyramid piramida pyramidalisch pyramidaal pyramidalsk pyramidalisk piramidal'nyi pyrotechnisch pyrotechnisch pyroteknisk pyroteknisk pirotekhnitcheski pythagoraisch Q Quadratur pythagorisch pytagoraeisk pythagoreisk pifagoritcheski kwadratuur Kvadratur qvatratur kvadratura Quadrille quadrille Kvadrille kadrilj kadrir Quaker kwaker Kvaeker qviikare kvaker Quarantane quarantaine Karantaene karantan karantin Quartier kwartier Kvarter qvarter kvartira 119 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Quartet quartette cuarteto quarteto quartetto Quartz quartz cuarzo quartzo quarzo Quinine quinine quinina quinina chinino Quintessence quintessence quinta esencia quintaessencia quintessenza Quintet R quintette quinteto quinteto quintette Rabbi rabbin rabino rabbi rabbino Race (eth.) race raza ra^a razza Racket raquette raqueta raqueta racchetta Radical radical radical radical radicale Radish radis rabano rabao ravano Radius radius radio radio raggio Ratify ratifier ratificar ratificar ratificare Ration ration racion ragao razione Rational rationnel racional racional razionale Rationalism rationalisme racionalismo racionalismo razzionalismo Reaction reaction reaccion reacgao reazione Real reel real real reale Reality realite realidad realidade realta Realize realiser realizar realizar realizzare Recitative recitatif recitativo recitativo recitativo Recruit recrue recluta recruta recluta Rector recteur rector rector rettore Redout redoute reducto reduto ridotto Reef ris rizo rizes, pi. rizze Refine raffiner refinar refinar raffinare Reform, n. re forme reforma reforma riforma Reformation reformation reformacion reformagao riformazione Reformer reformateur reformador reformador riformatore Regalia regalien regalia regalia regalia Regency regence regencia regencia reggenza Regent regent regente regente reggente Register, n. registre registro registro registro Registrar registrateur registrador registrador registratore Regular regulier regular regular regolare Rgularity regularite regularidad regularidade regolarita Regulate regler regular regular regolare Regulation reglement regulacion regula^ao regolamento 1 20 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweclan Swedish Russian Quartett quartet Kvartet qvartett kvartet Quartz kwarts Kvarts qvarts kvartz Chinin kina Kinin kinin khinin Quintessenz quintessens Kvintessens qvintessens kvintessentzia Quintett R Rabbi kuintet Kvintet qvintett kvintet rabbijn Rabbiner rabbin ravvin Rasse ras Race ras rasa Rackett raket Raket raket raketa radikal radikaal radikal radikal radikal' nyi Rettig radijs Raeddik radisa ryed'ka Radius radius Radius radie radius ratificiren ratificeeren ratificere ratificera ratifikovat' Ration rantsoen Ration ration ratzion rationell rationeel rational rationell ratzional'nyi Rationalism rationalismus Rationalisme rationalism ratzionalizm Reaktion reaktie Reaktion reaktion reaktzia real reaal real real real'nyi Realitat realiteit Realitet realitet real'nost' realisiren realiseeren realisere realisera realizirovat' Recitativ recitatief Recitativ recitativ retchitativ Rekrut rekruut Rekrut rekryt rekrut Rektor rector Rektor rektor rektor Redute redoute Redoute redutt redut Reff rif Rev ref rif raffiniren raflSneeren raflBuere rafiinera rafinirovat* Reform reform, spl. Reform reform reform a Reformation reformatie Reformation reformation reformatzia Reformator reformator Reformator reformator reformator Regalien regalia Regalier regalier regalii Regentschaft regentschap Regentskab regentskap regentstvo Regent regent Regent regent regent Register register Register register registr Registrator registrateur Registrator registrator registrator regular regulier regulaer reguliar regulyarnyi Regularit'at regulariteit Regelmaessighed regularitet regulyarnost' reguliren reguleeren regulere reglera regulirovat' Regulirung reglement Regulering reglering reglament 121 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Regulator regulateur regulador regulador regolatore Relief relief relevo relevo relievo Religion religion religion religiao religione Religious religieux religioso religioso religioso Renegade renegat renegado renegado rinnegato Repeat repeter repetir repetir ripetere Repertory repertoire repertorio repertorio repertorio Repetition repetition repeticion repetigao ripetizione Republic republique republica republica repubblica Republican, a republicain republicano republicano repubblicano Republican,: nrepublicain republicano republicano repubblicano Reputation reputation reputacion reputagao riputazione Requiem requiem requiem requie requiem Requisition requisition requisicion requisigao requisizione Rescript rescrit rescripto rescripto rescritto Reserve reserve reserva reserva riserva Reservoir reservoir reservatorio reservatorio serbatojo Residence residence residencia residencia residenza Resident, n. resident residente residente residente Resolution resolution resolucion resolu^ao risoluzione Restore restituer restituir restaurar restituire Result resultat result a resalto risultato Retire retirer retirarse retirarse ritirarsi Retort retorte (chem.)retorta retorta (ch.) storta Reverence reverence reverencia reverencia riverenza Revise reviser revisar rever rivedere Revision revision revision revisao revisione Revolution revolution revolucion revolu9ao rivoluzione Rhapsodist rapsodiste rapsodista rapsodista rapsodista Rhapsody rapsodie rapsodia rapsodia rapsodia Rhetoric rhetorique retorica rhetorica rettorica Rheumatic rhumatique reumatico rheumatico reumatico Rheumatism rhumatisme reumatismo rheumatismo reumatismo Rhinoceros rhinoceros rinoceronte rhinoceronte rinoceronte Rhythm rhythme ritmo rhythmo ritmo Rhythmical rhythmique ritmico rhythmico ritmico Rice riz arroz arroz riso Rime, v. rimer rimar rimar rimare Rime, n. rime rima rima rima 122 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Regulator regulateur Regulator regulator regulyator Relief relief Relief relief rel'ef, spl. Religion religie Religion religion religia religios religieus religios religios religioznyi Renegat renegaat Renegat renegat renegat repetiren repeteeren repetere repetera repetirovat' Repertorium repertorium Repertorium repertorium repertuar Repetition repetitie Repetition repetition repetitzia Republik republiek Republik republik respublika republikanisch republiekeinsch republikansk republikansk respublikanski Republikaner republiekeiu Republikaner republikan respublikanetz Reputation reputatie Reputation reputation reputatzia Requiem requiem Rekviem reqviem rekviem Requisition requisitie Rekvisition reqvisition rekvisitzia Rescript rescript Reskript reskript reskript Reserve reserve Reserve reserv rezerv Reservoir reservoir Reservoir reservoar rezervuar Residenz residentie Residens residens rezidentzia Resident resident Resident resident rezident Resolution resolutie Resolution resolution rezolyutzia restituiren restaureeren restaurere restaurera restavrirovat' Resultat resultaat Resultat resultat rezul'tat retiriren retireeren retirere retirera retirovat'sya Retorte retort Retorte (ch.) retort retorta (ch.) Reverenz reverentie Reverens reverens reverans revidiren revideeren revidere revidera revizovat' Revision revisie Revision revision revizia Revolution revolutie Revolution revolution revolyutzia Rliapsodist rhapsodist Rapsodist rapsod rapsod Rhapsodie rhapsodie Rapsodi rapsodi rapsodia Rhetorik rhetoriek Retorik retorik ritorika rheumatisch rheumatiek reumatisk reumatisk revmatitcheski Rheumatism rheumatismus Reuniatisme reumatism revmatizm Rhinoceros rinoceros Rhinoceros rhinoceros nosorog Rhythmus rhythmus Rytmus rytm ritm rhythmisch rhythmisch rytmisk rytmisk ritmitcheski Reis rijst Ris ris ris reimen rijmen rime rimma rifmovat' Reim rijm Rim rim rifma 123 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Risk, V. risquer arriesgar arriscar arrischiare Risk, n. risque riesgo risco rischio Rob derober robar roubar rubare Roman, a. romain romano romano romano Romance roman romance romance romanzo Romantic romantique romantico romantico romantico Rose rose rosa rosa rosa Roset rosette roseta roseta rosetta Rosy- rose roseo rosado rosato Rotunda rotonde rotunda rotunda rotonda Routine routine rutina rotina routine Royalist, n. royaliste realista realista realista Ruble rouble rublo rublo rublo Rubric rubrique riibrica rubro , rubrica Ruby rubis rubi rubi rubino Rum rhum ron rum rum Rupee roupie rupia rupia rupea Russia la Russie Rusia Russia Russia Russian, a. russe ruso russo russo Russian, n. S Sabbath Russe Ruso Russo Russ sabbat sabado sabbado sabbato Saber sabre sable sabre sciabla Sack sac saco sacco sacco Saddle selle silla sella sella Saddler sellier sillero selleiro sellajo Sadducee saduceen saduceo saduceo sadduceo Saflfron safran azafran agafrao zaflferano Sago sagon sagui sagu sago Salad salade ensalada salada insalata Salamander salamandre salamandra salamandra salamandra SaloonCroon: i)salon salon salao salone Salt sel sal sal sale Saltpeter salpetre salitre salitre salnitro Salute saluer saludar salvar salutare Sanction sanction sancion sancgao sanzione Sandal sandale sandalia sandalia sandalo Sapper sapeur zapador sapador zappatore 124 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian riskiren riskeeren risikere riskera riskovat' Risico risiko Risiko risk risk rauben rooven • rov'e rofva grabit* romisch romeinsch romersk romersk rimski Roman roman Roman roman roman romantisch romantisch romantisk romantisk romantitcheski Rose roos Rose ros roza Rosette rozet Rosette rosett rozetka rosig Rotunde roosachtig rotonde rosenrod Rotunde rosig rotunda rozovyi rotonda Routine routine Rutine rutin rutina Royalist Rubel royalist roebel Royalist Rubel rojalist rubel royalist rubl' Rubrik rubriek Rubrik rubrik rubrika Rubin robijn Rubin rubin rubin Rum rum Rum rom rom Rupie Russland ropij Rusland Rupi Rusland rupi Ryssland rupia Rossi a russisch russisch russisk rysk russki Russe S Sabbath Rus Russer Ryss Ross sabbat Sabbat sabbat shabash Sabel sabel Sabel sabel sablya Sack zak Sffik sack sak Sattel zadel Sadel sadel syedlo Sattler zadelmaker Sadelmager sadelmakare syedel'nik Sadducaer sadducceer Sadducseer sadduce sadukei Saffran saffraan Safran safifran shafran Sago Salat sago salade Sago Salat sago salad sago salat Salamander salamander Salamander salamander salamandra Salon salon Salon salong zala Salz zout Salt salt sol' Saltpeter salutiren salpeter saluteeren Salpeter salutere salpeter salutera selitra salyutovat' Sanktion sanctie Sanktion sanktion sanktzia Sandale sandaal Sandal sandal sandalia Sappeur sappeur Sappor sappor saper 125 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Sapphire saphir zafiro safira zaffiro Sarcastic sarcastique sarcastico sarcastico sarcastico Sarcophagus sarcophage sarcofago sarcophago sarcofago Sardine sardine sardina sardinha sardina Sardonic sardonique sardonico sardonico sardonico Sardonyx sardoine sardonix sardonica sardonico Sarsaparilla salsepareille zarzaparrilla salsaparrilha salsapariglia Sassafras sassafras sasafras sassafraz sassafrasso Satan Satan Satanas Satanaz Satana Satanic satanique satanico satanico satanico Satire satire satira satyra satira Satirical satirique satiric© satyrico satirico Satrap satrape satrapa satrapa satrapo Saturn Saturne Saturno Saturno Saturno Satyr satyre satiro satyro satiro Sauce sauce salsa salsa salsa Scaffold echafaud cadalso cadafalso palco Scale echelle escala escala scala Scalpel scalpel escalpelo escalpello scalpello Scandal scandale escandalo escandalo scandalo Scandalous scandaleux escandaloso escandaloso scandaloso Scarlet, a. ecarlate escarlata escarlate scarlatto Scepter sceptre cetro sceptro scettro School ecole escuela escola scuola Schooner schooner escuna escuna schooner Scorpion scorpion escorpion escorpiao scorpione Scot, n. Ecossais Escoces Escocez Scozzese Scottish ecossais escoces escocez scozzese Scruple scrupule escrupulo escrupulo scrupolo Season saison estacion esta^ao stagione Seat, n. siege asiento assento sedia Second, n. second segundo segundo second© Secretary secretaire secretario secretario segretario Sect secte secta seita setta Sectarian, n. sectaire sectario sectario settario Section section seccion sec^ao sezione Segment segment segmento segmento segmento Seminary seminaire seminario seminario seminario Senate s^nat sen ado senado senato 126 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Sapphir sarkastisch saffier sarkastisch Safir sarkastisk safir sarkastisk sapfir sarkastitcheski Sarkophag Sardine sardonisch sarkofaag sardijn sardonisch Sarkofag Sardin sardonisk sarkofag sardin sardonisk sarkofag sardinka sardonitcheski Sardonyx Sarsaparille Sassafrass Satan sardonix sarsaparil sassefras Satan Sardonyx Sassaparilla Sassafras Satan sardonyx sassaparill sassafras Satan sardoniks sassaparel' sassafras Satana satanisch satansch satanisk satanisk sataninski Satire satire Satire satir satira satirisch satiriek satirisk satirisk satiritcheski Satrap Saturn satraap Saturnus Satrap Saturn satrap Saturnus satrap Saturn Satyr Sauce Schafifot sater saus schavot Satyr Saus Skafot satyr sas schavott satir sous eshafot Scale schaal Skala skala skala, spl. Scalpell Scandal scalpel schandaal Skalpel Skandale skalpell skandal skal'pel' skandal scandalos scharlachen schandelijk scharlaken skandalos skarlagen skandalos skarlakan skandal'nyi sharlakhovyi Scepter Schule schepter school Scepter Skole spira skola skipetr shkola Schooner schooner Skonnert skonert shkuna Skorpion Schotte schottisch schorpioen Schot schotsch Skorpion Skotte skotsk skorpion Skotte skotsk skorpion shotlandetz shotlandski Scrupel Saison scrupel seizoen Skrupel Saeson skrupel sasong skrupul, spl. sezon Sitz Secunde zetel seconde Ssede Sekund sate sekund sidyen'ie sekunda Secretar Sekte Sektirer secretaris sekte sektaris Sekretaer Sekt Sekterer sekreterare sekt sekterist sekretar' sekta sektant Section sectie Sektion sektion sektzia Segment Seminarium segment seminarium Segment Seminarium segment seminarium segment seminaria Senat senaat Senat senat senat 127 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Senator senateur senador senador senatore Senatorial senatorial senatorio senatorio senatorio Sentence sentence sentencia sentenga sentenza Sentimental sentimental sentimental sentimental sentimentale September Septembre Setiembre Setembro Settembre Sequestrate sequestrer secuestrar sequestrar sequestrare Seraglio serail serrallo serralho serraglio Serapli seraphin serafin seraphim serafino Seraphic seraphique serafico seraphico serafico Serenade serenade serenata serenata serenata Serge serge sarga sarja sargia Sergeant sergent sargento sargento sergente Session session sesion sessao sessione Seven sept siete sete sette Seventeen dix-sept diez y siete deza sete diciasette Seventeenth dix-septieme decimo setimo decimosetimo diciasettesimo Seventh septieme setimo setimo settimo Sextant sextant sextante sextante sestante Shawl chale chal chale sciallo Sherbet sorbet sorbete sorvete sorbetto SheriflF sherif jerif cherife sceriffo Sherry vin de xeres Jerez vinho de xeres vino di xeres Shilling schelling chelin chelim scellino Short court corto curto corto Sibyl sibylle sibila Sibylla sibilla Signal signal serial signal segnale Signature signature signatura assignatura segnatura Silk sole seda seda seta Simony simonie simonia simonia simonia Sir monsieur seiior senhor signore Siren sirene sirena sirena sirena Sirocco siroco siroco siroco scirocco Sit s'asseoir sentarse estar sedere Six six seis seis sei Sixth sixi^me sexto sexto sesto Sixty soixante sesenta sessenta sessanta Skeleton squelette esqueleto esqueleto scheletro Skeptic sceptique esceptico scepticc scettico Skeptical sceptique esceptico sceptico scettico 128 German Dutch Danish- Norweclan Swedish Russian Senator senator Senator senator senator senatorisch senatoriaal senatorisk senatorisk senatorski Sentenz sententie Sentens sentens sententzia sentimental sentimenteel sentimental sentimental sentimental'nyi September September September September Sentyabr' sequestriren sekwestreeren sekvestrere seqvestrera sekvestrovat' Serail serail Seralj seralj serai' Seraph seraf Seraf seraf serafim seraphisch serafijnsch serafisk serafisk serafimski Serenade serenade Serenade serenad serenada Sarge sargie Sers sars sarzha Sergeant sergeant Sergeant sergeant serzhant Session sessie Session session sessia sieben zeven syv sju sem' siebzehn zeventien sytten sjutton semnadtzat' siebzehnte zeventiende syttende sjuttonde semnadtzatyi siebente zevende syvende sjunde sed'moi Sextant sekstant Sextant sextant sekstant Shawl sjaal Shawl schal shal' Sorbet sorbet Sorbet sorbet sherbet Sheriff sherif Sheriff sheriff sherif Xereswein sherry Sherry sherry kheres Schilling schelling Skilling skilling shilling kurz kort kort kort korotki Sibylle sibille Sibylle sibylla sibilla Signal signaal Signal signal signal Signatur signatuur Signatur signatur signatura Seide zijde Silke silke sholk Simonie simonie Simoni simoni simonia Herr heer Herre herre sudar' Sirene sirene Sirene siren sirena Sirokko sirokko Sirokko sirocko sirokko sitzen zitten sidde sitta sidyet' sechs zes sex sex shest' sechste zesde sjette sjette shestoi sechzig zestig sexti sextio shest' desyat Skelett skelet Skelet skelett skelet Skeptiker skeptikus Skeptiker skeptiker skeptik skeptisch skeptisch skeptisk skeptisk skeptitcheskl 129 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Sketch esquisse esquicio bosquejo schizzo Sloop sloup chalupa chalupa scialuppa Snow neiger nevar nevar nevicare Soda sonde sosa soda soda Sofa sofa sofa sofa sofa Soldier soldat soldado soldado soldato Solitaire solitaire solitario solitario solitario Solo, n. solo solo solo solo Sonata sonata sonata sonata sonata Sonnet sonnet soneto soneto sonetto Sophism sophisme sofisma sophisma sofisma Sophist sophiste sofista sophista sofista Sophistical sophistique sofistico sophistico sofistico Sort sorte suerte sorte sorta Sound, V. sonder sondar sondar suonare Sound, n. sonde, spl. sonda sonda sonda Soup soupe sopa sopa zuppa South sud sud sul sud Sovereign souverain soberano soberano sovrano Sow, V. semer sembrar semear seminare Spain I'Espagne Espaiia Espanha Spagna Spaniard Espagnol Espaiiol Espanhol Spagnuolo Spanish, a. espagnol espaiiol hespanhol spagnuolo Spatula spatule espatula espatula spatola Special special especial especial speciale Specialty- specialite especialidad especialidade specialita Specific specifique especifico especifico specifico Spectacle spectacle espectaculo espectaculo spettacolo Speculate speculer especular especular specolare Speculation speculation especulacion especula^ao speculazione Speculative speculatif especulativo especulativo speculativo Speculator speculateur especulador especulador speculatore Spermaceti spermaceti espermaceti espermacete spermaceti Sphere sphere esfera esphera sfera Spherical spherique esferico espherico sferico Spheroid spheroide esferoide espheroide sferoide Sphinx sphinx esfinge esphinge sfinge Spinach epinard espinaca espinafre spinace Spiral, a. spiral espiral espiral spirale 130 German Dutch Danlsh- NorwcKlan Swedish Russian Skizze schets Skitse skiss eskiz Schaluppe sloep Ship slup shlyup schneien sneeuwen sne snoa snyezhit' Soda soda Soda soda soda Sopha sofa Sofa soffa sofa Soldat soldaat Soldat soldat soldat Solitar solitaire Solitaer solitar soliter Solo solo Solo solo solo Sonate sonate Sonate sonat sonata Sonett sonnet Sonnet sonett sonet Sophism sofisme Sofisme sofism sofizm Sophist sofist Sofist sofist sofist sophistisch sofistisch sofistisk sofistisk sofistitcheski Sorte soort Sort sort sort sondiren sondeeren sondere sondera zondirovat' Sonde sonde Sonde, spl. sond zund Suppe soep Suppe soppa sup Siiden zuiden Syd soder yug Souveran souverein Suveraen suveran suveren, spl. saen zaaijen saa sa sieyat' Spanien Spanje Spanien Spanien Ispania Spanier Spanjaard Spanjer Spanjor Ispanetz spanisch spaansch spansk spansk ispanski Spatel spatel Spatel spatel shpatel' speziell speciaal speciel speciel spetzial'nyi Spezialitat specialiteit Specialitet specialitet spetzial'nost' spezifisch specifiek specifisk specifik spetzifitcheski Spektakel spektakel Spektakel spektakel spektakl' spekuliren spekuleeren spekulere spekulera spekulirovat' Spekulation spekulatie Spekulation spekulation spekulyatzia spekulativ spekulatief spekulativ spekulativ spekulyativnyi Spekulant spekulant Spekulant spekulant spekulyant Spermacet spermaceti Spermacet spermaceti spermatzet Sphare sfeer Sfasre sfer sfera spharisch sferisch sfaerisk sferisk sferitcheski Spharoid sfero'ide Sfaeroide sferoid sferoid Sphinx sfinks Sfinx sfinx sfinks Spinat spinazie Spinat spenat shpinat spiralformig spiraal spiralformet spiralformig spiral'nyi 131 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Spirit Spiritualism Spondee Spur Spy, V. esprit I spiritualisme spondee eperon epier espiritu espiritualidad espondeo espuela espiar espirito spirito I espiritualismo spiritualism© espondeo spondeo espora sperone espiar spiare Spy, n. Squadron Stadium espion escadron stade espia escuadron estadio espia esquadrao estadio spia squadrone stadio Stamp Standard estampe etendard estampa estandarte estampilha estandarte stampa stendardo Stanza stance estancia estancia stanza State (pol.) Statics etat statique estado estatica estado estatica stato statica Station Statistical station statistique estacion estadistico estagao estatistico stazione statistic© Statistics statistique estadistica estatistica statistica Statue statue estatua estatua statua Stature stature estatura estatura statura Statute statut estatuto estatuto statute Stereotype, V. stereotyper Stereotype stereotypic Sterling.mon.sterling estereotipar estereotipia esterlina estereotypar estereotypo esterlino stereotipare stereotipia sterlino Stoic, n. stoicien estoico estoico stoico Stoical stoique estoico estoico stoico Stoicism stoicisme estoicismo estoicismo stoicism© Strategy Strophe Structure strategic strophe structure estrategia estrofa estructura estrategia estrophe estructura strategia strofa struttura Stucco Student stuc etudiant estuco estudiante estuque estudante stucco studente Stuff etoffe estofa estofo st©ffa Style Subjective Substance style subjectif substance estilo subjetivo sustancia estylo subjectivo substancia stile s©ggettivo s©stanza Substantial substantiel sustancial substancial sostanziale Sugar Sucre aziicar assucar zuccher© Suite Sultan suite sultan seguida sultan sequito sultao seguit© sultan© Sultana sultane sultana sultana sultana 132 German Dutch Danish- Norweeian Swedish Russian Spiritus spiritus Spiritus spiritus spirt Spiritualismus spiritualismus Spiritualisme spiritualism spiritualizm Spondaus spondeus Sponde sponde spondei Sporn spoor Spore sporre shpora spioniren spioneeren spionere spionera shpionit' Spion spion Spion spion shpion Schwadrou eskadron Eskadron sqvadron eskadron Stadium stadium Stadium stadium stadia Stempel stempel Stempel stamp shtempel' Standarte standaard Standart standar shtandart Stanze stanza Stanze stans stans Staat staat Stat Stat shtat Statik statica Statik statik statika Station station Station station stantzia statistisch statistisch statistisk statistisk statistitcheski Statistik statistiek Statistik statistik statistika Statue statue Statue staty statuya Statur statuur Statur statur Stan Statut statuut Statut statut statut stereotypiren stereotiepeerenstereotypere stereotypera stereotipit' Stereotype stereotiepe Stereotyp stereotyp stereotip sterling sterling sterling sterling sterling Stoiker stoicijn Stoiker stoiker stoik stoisch stoicijnsch stoisk stoisk stoitcheski Stoicismus stoicismus Stoicisme stoicism stoitzizm Strategic strategic Strategi strategi strategia Strophe strofe Strofe strof strofa Struktur structuur Struktur struktur stroienie Stuck stuka Stukko stuck shtukaturka Student student Student student student StofF stof Stof stoff shtof, spL Styl stijl Stil stil stil' subject! V subjectief subjectiv subjectiv subiektivnyi Substanz substantie Substans substans sushtchestvo substanziell substantieel substantiel substantiel sushtchestvennyi Zucker suiker Sukker socker sakhar Suite suite Suite svit svita Sultan sultan Sultan sultan sultan Sultanin sultana Sultaninde sultaninna sultana 133 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Sum somme suma somma s©mma Sun soleil sol sol sole Supercargo subrecargue sobrecargo sobrecarga sopraccaric© Surgeon chirurgien cirujano cirurgiao chirurg© Surgery chirurgie cirugia cirurgia chirurgia Surgical chirurgical quirurgico cirurgico chirurgie© Swede, n. Suedois Sueco Sueco Svedese Sweden la Suede Suecia Suecia Svezia Swedish suedois sueco sueco svedese Swiss, n. Suisse Suizo Suigo Svizzer© Swiss, a. Suisse suizo suigo svizzer© Switzerland la Suisse Suiza Suissa Svizzera Sybarite sybarite sibarita sybarita sibarita Sybaritic sybaritique sibaritico sybaritico sibaritic© Syllogism syllogisme silogismo syllogism© sill©gism© Syllogistic syllogistique silogistico syllogistic© sillogistic© Sylph sylphe silfo sylpho si If© Symbol symbole simbolo symbol© simbolo Symbolical symbolique simbolico symbolic© simbolico Symmetry symetrie simetria symmetria simmetria Symmetrica] . symetrique simetrico symmetric© simmetrico Sympathetic sympathique simpatico sympathetic© simpatic© Sympathize sympathiser simpatizar sympatizar simpatizzare Sympathy sympathie simpatia sympathia simpatia Symphony symphonic sinfonia symphonia sinfonia Symptom symptome sintoma sympt©ma sintom© Synagogue synagogue sinagoga synagoga sinag©ga Syndic Syndic sindico syndic© sindic© Syndicate syndicat sindicado syndicatura sindicat© Synod synode sinodo syn©d© sin©d© Synonym synonyme sinonimo syn©nym© sin©nim© Synonymous synonyme sinonimo synonym© sin©nimo Syntax syntaxe sintaxis syntaxe sintassi Synthesis synthese sintesis synthesis sintesi Syriac syriaque siriaco syriac© siriac© Syrup sirop jarabe xar©pe sir©pp© System systeme sistema systema sistema Systematic systematique sistematico systematic© sistematico 134 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Summe som Sum summa summa Sonne zon Sol sol solntze Supercargo supercargo Superkargo superkarg superkargo Chirurg chirurgijn Kirurg kirurg khirurg Chirnrgie chirurgie Kirurgi kirurgi khirurgia chirurgisch chirurgisch kirurgisk kirurgisk khirurgitcheski Schwede Zweed Svenske svensk Shved Schweden Zweden Sverige Sverige Shvetzia schwedisch zweedsch svensk svensk shvedski Schweizer Zwitzer Schweizer Schweitzare Shveitzaretz schweizerisch zwitzersch schweizisk schweitzisk shveitzarski die Schweiz Zwitzerland Schweiz Schweitz Shveitzaria Sybarit sybariet Sybarit sybarit sibarit sybaritisch sybarietisch sybaritisk sybaritisk sibaritski Syllogism syllogismus Syllogisme syllogism sillogizm syllogistisch syllogistisch syllogistisk syllogistisk sillogistitcheski Sylph sylphide Sylfe sylf sil'f Symbol symbool Symbol symbol si m vol symbolisch symbolisch symbolsk symbolisk simvolitcheski Symmetrie symetrie Symmetri sj^mmetri simetria symmetrisch symetrisch symmetrisk symmetrisk simetritcheski sympathetisch sympathetisch sympatetisk sympatetisk simpatitcheski sympathisiren sympathiseeren sympatisere sympatisera simpatizirovat' Sj'mpathie sympathie Sympati sympati simpatia Symphonic symfonie Symfoni symfoni simfonia Symptom symptoom Symptom symptom simptom Synagoge synagoge Synagoge synagoga siuagoga Syndikus syndikus Syndikus syndikus sindik Syndikat syndikaat Syndikat syndikat sindikat Synode synode Synode synod sinod Synonyma synonieme Synonym synonym sinonim synonymisch L synoniem synonym synonym sinonimnyi Syntax syntaxis Syntax syntax sintaksis Synthese synthesis Syntese syntes sintezis syrisch syrisch syrisk syrisk siriski Sirup siroop Sirup sirap sirop System systeem System system sistema systematisch systematisch systematisk systematisk sistematitcheski 135 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian T Table table tabla taboa tavola Tablet tablette tableta taboinha tavoletta Taboret tabouret taburete tamboril tamburino Tact tact tacto tacto tatto Tactician tacticien tactico tactico tattico Tactics tactique tactica tactica tattica Taffeta taffetas tafetan tafeta taffeta Talc talc talco talco talco Talent talent talento talento talento Talisman talisman talisman talisman talismano Talmud Talmud Talmud Talmud Talmud Tamarind tamarin tamarindo tamarindo tamarindo Tamarisk tamarisc tamarisco tamariz tamarisco Tambour tambour tambor tambor tamburo Tambourine tambourin tamboril tamboril tamburino Tangent tangente tangente tangente tangente Tarantula tarentule tarantula tarantula tarantola Tariff tarif tarifa tarifa tariffa Tart tarte tarta torta torta Tartar Tartare Tartar© Tartaro Tartaro Taurus Taureau Tauro Tauro Tauro Tautology tautologie tautologia tautologia tautologia Tax taxe tasa, spl. taxa tassa Tax, V. taxer tasar taxar tassare Taxation taxation tasacion taxagao tassazione Tea the te cha te Technical technique tecnico technico tecnico Technology technologie tecnologia technologia tecnologia Telegraph telegraphe telegrafo telegrafo telegrafo Telegraphic telegraphique telegrafico telegrafico telegrafico Telescope telescope telescopio telescopio telescopio Telescopic telescopique telescopico telescopico telescopico Temperament temperament temperamento temperamento temperamento Temperature temperature temperatura temperatura temperatura Ten dix diez dez dieci Tenor(mus.) 1 tenor tenor tenor ten ore tenth dixieme decimo decimo decima 136 German Dutch Danish- Norweclan Swedish Russian T Tafel tafel Tavlc tabell tablitza Tafelchen tafeltje Tavle tablett tablitchka Taburet taboeret Tabouret taburett taburet Takt takt Takt takt takt Taktiker taktikus Taktiker taktiker taktik Taktik taktiek Taktik taktik taktika Taffet taf Taft taft tafta Talk talk Talk talk tal'k Talent talent Talent talent talant Talisman talisman Talisman talisman talisman Talmud Talmud Talmud Talmud talmud Tamarinde tamarinde Tamarinde tamarind tamarind Tamariske tamarisk Tamarisk tamarisk tamarisk Tamburin tamboer Tambur tambur tambur Tamburin tamboerijn Tamburin tamburin tamburin Tangente Tarantel tangent tarentula Tangent Tarantel tangent tarantel tangens tarantula Tarif tarief Tarif tariff tarif Torte taart Tserte tarta tort Tartar Tartaar Tartar Tartar Tatarin Taurus Taurus Tyren Tjuren Teletz Tautologie Taxe tautologie taxe Tautologi Tax tavtologi taxa tozhdeslovie taksa taxiren taxeeren taxere taxera taksirovat' Taxation taxatie Taxation taxcring taksatzia Thee thee Te te tchai technisch technisch teknisk teknisk tekhnitcheski Technologic Telegraph telegraphisch Teleskop teleskopisch Temperament Temperatur zehn technologic telegraaf telegrafisch teleskoop teleskopisch temperament temperatuur tien Teknologi teknologi Telegraf telegraf telegrafisk telegrafisk Teleskop teleskop teleskopisk teleskopisk Temperament temperament Temperatur temperatur ti tio tekhnologia telegraf telegrafitchcski teleskop teleskopitcheski temperament temperatura desyat' Tenor tenor Tenor tenor tenor zehnte tiende tiende tionde desyatyi 137 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Term terme termino Terrace terrasse terrado Territorial territorial territorial Territory territoire territorio Terrorism terrorisme terrorismo Tertiary tertiaire terciario Tetrarch tetrarque tetrarca Text texte texto Theater theatre teatro Theatrical theatral teatral Theism theisme teismo Theist theiste teista Theme theme tema Theocracy theocratic teocracia Theocratic theocratique teocratico Theogony theogonie teogouia Theologian theologien teologo Theological theologique teologico Theology theologie teologia Theorem theoreme teorema Theoretical theorique teorico Theorist theoricien teorico Theory theorie teoria Therapeutic therapeutique terapeutico Therapeutics therapeutique terapeutica Thermometer thermometre termometro Thesis these tesis Theurgy theurgie teurgia Third troisieme tercero Thirteen treize trece Thirteenth treizieme treceno Thirtieth trentieme trigesimo Thirty trente treinta Thou tu td Three trois tres Thrice trois fois tres veces Throne tr&ne trono Thy ton, ta, tes tu, tus Tiara tiare tiara termo termine terrado terrazzo territorial territoriale territorio territorio terrorismo terrorismo terciario terziario tetrarcha tetrarca texto testo theatro teatro theatral teatrale theismo teismo theista teista thema tema theocracia teocrazia theocratico teocratico theogonia teogonia theologo teologo theologico teologico theologia teologia theorema teorema theoretico teoretico theorico teorico theoria teoria therapeutico terapeutico therapeutica terapeutica thermometro termometro these tesi theurgia teurgia terceiro terzo treze tredici decimo-terceirotredicesimo trigesimo trentesimo trinta trenta tu tu tres tre tres vezes tre volte throno trono teu, tua tuo, il tuo tiara tiara 138 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweclan Swedish Russian Teimin Terrasse termijn terras Termin Terrasse term terrass termin terasa territorial territoriaal territorial territorial teritorial'nyi Territorium territorium Territorium territorium teritoria Terrorismus terrorismus Terrorisme terrorism terror izm tertiar Tetrarch tertiair tetrarch tertiaer Tetrark tertiar tetrark tretitchnyi tetrarkh Text tekst Text text tekst Theater theater Teater teater teatr theatralisch Theismus theatraal theismus teatralsk Teisme teatralisk teism teatral'nyi deizm Theist theist Teist teist deist Thema thema Tema tema tema Theokratie theokratie Teokrati teokrati teokratia theokratisch theokratisch teokratisk teokratisk teokratitcheski Theogonie Theolog theologisch Theologie Theorem theogonie theologant theologisch theologie theorema Teogoni Teolog teologisk Teologi Teorem teogoni teolog teologisk teologi teorem teogonia teolog teologitcheski teologia teorema theoretisch theoretisch teoretisk teoretisk teoretitcheski Theoretiker theoretikus Teoretiker teoretiker teoretik Theorie theorie Teori teori teoria therapeutisch therapeutisch terapeutisk Therapeutik therapie Terapi Thermometer thermometer Termometer terapeutisk terapi termometer terapevtitcheski terapevtika termometr Thesis thesis Tesis tes tezis Theurgie dritte dreizehn theurgie derde dertien Teurgi tredie tretten teurgi tredje tretton feurgia treti trinadtzat' dreizehnte dreissigste dreissig du drei dertiende dertigste dertig drie trettende tredivte tredive du tre trettonde trettionde trettio du tre trinadtzatyi tridtzatyi tridtzat' ty tri drei Mai Thron dein, deine driemaal troon uw, uwe , tre Gauge Trone din, dit, dine tre ganger tron din, ditt, dina trizhdy tron tvoi Tiara tiara Tiara tiar tiara 139 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Tiger tigre tigre tigre tigre Tincture teinture tintura tintura tintura Tithe dixieme diezmo dizimo decima Title titre titulo titulo titolo Tobacco tabac tabaco tabacco tabacco Toga toge toga toga toga Ton tonne tonelada tonelada tonnellata Tone ton tono tom tuono Tonic, a. tonique tonico tonico tonico Tonsure tonsure tonsura tonsura tonsura Topaz topaze topacio topazio topazio Topographer topographe topografo topograph© topografo Topography topographie topografia topographia topografia Torpedo torpille torpedo torpedo torpedine Tory tory tory tory tori Tournament tournoi torneo torneio torneamento Tract (lit.) traite tratado tratado trattato Tradition tradition tradicion tradigao tradizione Tragedy tragedie tragedia tragedia tragedia Tragic tragique tragico tragico tragico Tragicomedy tragie-comedie tragicomedia tragicomedia tragicommedia Transit transit transit© transito transito Transparency transparence trasparencia transparencia transparenza Transport transport trasporte transporte trasporto Trap trappe trampa trapa trappola Trapeze trapeze trapecio trapezio trapezio Trapezoid trapezoide trapezoide trapezoide trapezoide Treaty traite tratado tratado trattato Treble triple triple triplice triplice Trepan trepan trepano trepano trapano Triangle triangle triangulo triangulo triangolo Triangular triangulaire triangular triangular triangolare Tribunal tribunal tribunal tribunal tribuuale Tribune tribun tribuno tribuno tribuno Triennial triennal trienal triennal triennale Triform triforme triforme triforme triforme Trigonometry trigonometric ; trigonometria trigonometria trigonometria Trilateral trilateral trildtero trilatero trilatero 140 German Dutch Danish- Norwegian Swedish Russian Tiger tijger Tiger tiger tigr Tinctur tiuctuur Tinktur tinktur tinktura Zehnte tiende Tiendedel tionde desyatina Titel titel Titel titel titul Tabak tabak Tobak tobak tabak Toga toga Toga toga toga Tonne ton Ton tunna tonna Ton toon Tone ton ton tonisch tonisch tonisk tonisk tonitcheski Tonsur tonsuur Tonsur tonsur tonsura Topas topaas Topas topas topaz Topograph topograaf Topograf topograf topograf Topographic topografie Topografi topografi topografia Torpedo torpedo Torpedo torpedo torpedo Tory tory Tory tory tori Turnier tornooi Turnering tornering turnir Tractatchen traktaatje Traktat traktat traktat Tradition traditie Tradition tradition traditzia Tragodie tragedie Tragedie tragedi tragedia tragisch tragisch tragisk tragisk tragitcheski Tragikomodie tragikomedie Tragikomedie tragikomedi tragikomedia Transito transito Transit transito tranzit Transparent transparent Transparent transparent transparant Transport transport Transport transport transport Treppe trap Trappe trapp trap, spl. Trapeze trapezium Trapez trapez trapetzia Trapezoide trapezoide Trapezoide trapezoid trapezoid Traktat traktaat Traktat traktat traktat dreifach drievoudig trefold trippel troinoi Trepan trepaan Trepan trepan trepan Triangel triangel Triangel triangel treugol'nik triangular triangel triangulcer triangular treugol'nyi Tribunal tribunaal Tribunal tribunal tribunal Tribun tribuun Tribun tribun tribun dreijahrlich driejarig treaarig trearig trekhlyetni dreiformig drievormig treformig treformig trekhformennyi Trigonometrie trigonometrie Trigonometri trigonometri trigonometria dreiseitig driezijdig tresidet tresidig trekhstoronni 141 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Trill trille trino trinado trillo Trinity Trinite trinidad trindade Trinita Trio trio trio trio trio Triple triple triple triplice triplice Triplet trio terno terceto trio Triplicate triple triplicata triplicado triplicate Tripod trepied tripode tripode tripode Triumph, n. triomphe triunfo triumpho trionfo Triumphant triomphant triunfante triumphante trionfale Triumvir triumvir triunviro triumviro trionviro Trivial trivial trivial trivial triviale Trochaic trachaique trocaico trochaico trocaico Trochee trochee troqueo trocheo trocheo Troop troupe tropa tropa truppa Trope trope tropo tropo tropo Trophy trophee trofeo tropheo trofeo Tropical tropical tropico tropico tropicale Troubadour troubadour trovador trovador trovatore Trumpet trompette trompeta trombeta tromba Trumpeter trompette trompetero trombeteiro trombettiere Tulip tulipe tulipan tulipa tulipano Tune ton tono tom tuono Tunic tunique tunica tunica tunica Turban turban turbante turbante turbante Turf tourbe turba turfa torba Turk Turc Turco Turco Turco Turkey la Turquie Turquia Turquia Turchia Turkish turque turco turco turco Turpentine terebenthine trementina terebinthina trementina Two deux dos dous, duas due Tympanum tympan timpano tympano timpano Type type tipo typo tipo Typhus typhus tifo typho tifo Typical typique tipico typico tipico Typographic typographique tipografico typographico tipografico Typography typographie tipografia typographia tipografia tyrannical tyrannique tiranico tyrannico tirannico Tyranny tyrannic tirania tyrannia tirannia Tyrant tyran lirano tyrauno tiranno 142 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweclan Swedish Russian Triller triller Trille drill trer Trinitat triniteit Treenighed treenighet Troitza Trio trio Trio trio trio dreifach drievoudig trefold trippel troinoi Dreiblatt trio Triplet triplett troe Triplikat triplicaat Triplikat triplikat troinoi Dreifuss drievoet Trefod trefot trenozhnik Triumph triomf Triumf triumf triumf triumphirend triomfant triumferende triumferande triumfal'nyi Triumvir triumvir Triumvir triumvir triumvir trivial triviaal triviel trivial trivial' nyi trochaisch trocheisch trokseisk trokaisk trokheitcheski Trochaus trocheus Trokae troke trokhei Trupp troep Trop trupp truppa Trope trope Trope trop trop Trophae trofee Trofae trofe trofei tropisch tropisch tropisk tropisk tropitcheski Troubadour troebadoer Trubadur trubadur trubadur Trompete trompet Trompet trumpet truba Trompeter trompetter Trompeter trumpetare trubatch Tulpe tulp Tulipan tulpan tyul'pan Ton toon Tone ton ton Tunica tunica Tunika tunik tunika Turban tulband Turban turban ty urban Torf turf Torv torf torf Tiirke Turk Tyrk Turk Turok Tiirkei Turkije Tyrkiet Turkiet Turtzia tiirkisch turksch tyrkisk turkisk turetzki Terpentin terpentijn Terpentin terpentin terpentin zwei twee to tva dva, dvoie Tympanum tympaan Tympan, spl. tympanum timpan Typus typus Type typ tip Typhus typhus Tyfus tyfus tifus typisch typisch typisk typisk tipitcheski typographisch typografisch tj'pografisk typografisk tipografitcheski Typographic e typografie Typografi typografi tipografia tyrannisch tirannisch tyrannisk tyrannisk tiranski Tyrannei tirannij Tyranni tyranni tirania Tyrann tiran Tyran tyrann tiran 143 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian U Ultimatum ultimatum ultimatum ultimatum ultimatum Ultra ultra ultra ultra ultra Umber ombre umbra umbla ombrina Uniform, n. uniforme uniforme uniforme uniforme Unit unite unidad unidade unita Unitarian unitaire unitario unitario unitario Unity unite unidad uniao unita Universal universel universal universal universale University universite universidad universidade universita Unnatural denature desnaturalizado desnatural snaturato Uranus Uranus Urano Uranus Urano Urn urne urna urna urna Us nous nos nos ci, ce Utopia Utopie Utopia Utopia Utopia Utopian V utopique utopico Utopian utopista Vacancy vacance vacancia vacancia vacanza Vacant vacant vacante vacante vacante Vacation vacance vacacion vaca9ao vacanza Vaccinate vacciner vacunar vaccinar vaccinare Vaccination vaccination vacunacion vaccinagao vaccinazione Vampire vampire vampiro vampiro vampiro Vandal vandale vandalo vandalo vandalo Vandalism vandalisme vandalismo vandalismo vandalismo Vanilla vanille vainilla baunilha vainiglia Variation variation variacion variagao variazione Vary varier variar variar variare Vase vase vaso vaso vaso Vassal vassal vasallo vassallo vassallo Vaulter voltigeur volteador volteador volteggiatore Ventilator ventilateur ventilador ventilador ventilatore Venus Venus Venus Venus Venere Vertical vertical vertical vertical verticale Veteran veteran veterano veterano veterano Veto veto veto veto veto Vicar vicaire vicario vigario vicario 144 German Dutch Danlsh- NorwcKlan Swedish Russian U Ultimatum ultimatum Ultimatum ultimatum ul'timatum ultra ultra ultra ultra ul'tra Umber omber Umber umbra umbra Uniform uniform Uniform uniform forma Einheit eenheid Enhed enighet yedinitza Unitarier unitaris Unitarier unitarian unitari Einigkeit eenigheid Enighed enhet yedinstvo universal universeel universel universel universal'nyi Universitat universiteit Universitet universitet universitet unnatiirlich onnatuurlijk unaturlig onaturlig nenatural'nyi Uranus Uranus Uranus Uranus Uran Urne urne Urne urna urna uns ons OS oss nas Utopien Utopia Utopi Utopien Utopia utopisch V Vakanz utopisch utopisk utopisk utopitcheski vakantie Vakance vakans vakansia vakant vakant vakant vakant vakantnyi Vakanz vakantie Vakance vakans vakatzii vacciniren vaccineeren vakcinere vaccinera vaktzinirovat* Vaccination vaccinatie Vakcination vaccination vaktzinatzia Vampir vampir Vampyr vampyr vampir Vandale wandaal Vandal vandal vandal Vandalism wandalismus Vandalisme vandalism vandalizm Vanille vanilje Vanilje vanilj vanir Variation variatie Variation variation varyatzia variiren varieeren variere variera variirovat' Vase vaas Vase vas vaza Vasall vassaal Vasal vasall vassal Voltigeur voltigeur Voltigor voltigor vol'tizher Ventilator ventilator Ventilator ventilator ventilyator Venus Venus Venus Venus Venera vertikal vertikaal vertikal vertikal vertikal'nyi Veteran veteraan Veteran veteran veteran Veto veto Veto veto veto Vikar vikarius Vikar vikarie vikari 145 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Vicarage vicariat vicariato vicariato vicariato Vice-consul vice-consul viceconsul vice-consul viceconsolo Viceroy vice-roi virey vice-rei vicere Vignette vignette vineta vinheta vignetta Villa villa villa villa • villa Vine vigne vid vinha vite Violet, n. violette violeta violeta viola Violet, a. violette violado violete violetto Violoncello violoncelle violoncelo violoncello violoncello Virtuoso virtuose virtuoso virtuoso virtuoso Vision vision vision visao visione Visit, n. visite visita visita visita Vizir vizir visir vizir visire Vocabulary vocabulaire vocabulario vocabulario vocabolario Vocal vocal vocal vocal vocale Volcanic volcanique volcan ico volcanico vulcanico Volcano volcan volcan volcao vulcano Volition volition volicion voli^ao volizione Volunteer voluntaire voluntario voluntario volontario Vote, V. voter votar votar votare Vulgate W Waltz Vulgate Vulgata Vulgata Volgata valse vals valsa valzer West ouest oeste oeste ovest Will volonte voluntad vontade volonta Wine vin vino vinho vino Yacht yacht yate hiate jacht Yellow jaune amarillo amarello giallo Yoke joug yugo jugo giogo Young 55 jeune J oven J oven giovane Zebra zebre zebra zebra zebra Zenith zenith zenit zenith zenit 146 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweeian Swedish Russian Vikariat vikariaat Vikariat vikariat vikarstvo Vicekonsul vice-konsul Vice-konsul vice-konsul vitze-konsul Vicekonig vice-koning Vice-konge vice-konung vitze-korol' Vignette vignet Vignette vignett vin'etka Villa villa Villa villa villa Weinstock wijnstok Vinstok vinstock vinograd Veilchen viooltje Viol viol fialka violett violet violet violett fioletovyi Violoncell violoncel Violoncel violoncell violontchel' Virtues virtuoos Virtuos virtuos virtuoz Vision vizioen Vision vision vidyenie Visite visite Visit visit vizit Vizier vizier Visir visir vizir' Vocabular vocabulaire Vocabular vocabularium vokabuly vokal vokaal vokal vokal vokal'nyi vulkanisch vulkanisch vulkanisk vulkanisk volkanitcheski Vulkan vulkaan Vulkan vulkan vol k an Wollen willen Vilje vilja volya Voluntar voluntair Volontaer volontar volonter votiren voteeren votere votera votirovat' Vulgata W Vulgata Vulgata Vulgata vul'gata Walzer wals Vals vals val's Westen westen Vest vester vest Wille wil Vilje vilja volya Wein wijn Vin vin vino Jacht jagt Jagt jakt yakhta gelb geel gul gul zholtyi Joch juk Aag ok igo ]ung Z Zebra jong ung ung yunyi zebra Zebra zebra zebra Zenith zenith Zenit zenit zenit 147 English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Zephyr zephyr cefiro zephiro zeflSro Zigzag zigzag ziszas ziguezague zigzag Zinc zinc zinc zinco zinco Zodiac zodiaque zodiaco zodiaco zodiaco Zodiacal zodiacal zodiacal zodiacal zodiacale Zoography zoographie zoografia zoographia zoografia Zoological zoologique zoologico zoologico zoologico Zoologist zoologue zoologo zoologista zoologo Zoology zoologie zoologia zoologia zoologia Zoophyte zoophyte zoofito zoophyto zoofito Zootomy zootomie zootomia zootomia zootomia 148 German Dutch Danlsh- Norweclan Swedish Russian Zephyr zephir Zefyr sefir zefir zickzackig zigzag siksak zigzag zigzag Zink zink Zink zink tzink Zodiakus zodiak Zodiakus zodiak zodiak zodiakal zodiakaal zodiakal zodiakal zodiakal'nyi Zoographie zoografie Zoografi zoografi zoografia zoclogisch zoologisch zoologisk zoologisk zoologitcheski Zoolog zooloog Zoolog zoolog zoolog Zoologie zoologie Zoologi zoologi zoologia Zoophyt zoofiet Zoofyt zoofyt zoofit Zootomie zootomie Zootomi zootomi zootomia 149 SUGGESTIONS For a Universal Language SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR THE FOUNDATION OF A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE BY C. B. WAITE Suppose a congress to be assembled composed of eminent philologists and linguists, representing the following ten languages : English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, German, Dutch, Danish- Norwegian, Swedish, and Russian. The assemblage thus convened, representing as it would, all the most important Indo-Germanic Languages, might well assume to act for the entire family in the formation of a common language. If some lan- guages in the same family are omitted, it is because those languages, though of equal importance with some of those named in the foregoing list, do not harmonize with the ten languages to the same extent that the ten do with each other. The aflSnity though it exists, is not so apparent. This is particularly the case with the modern Greek. Those who use this language, might, in addition to it, be induced to adopt another, with such changes as they should choose to make. And so of those using the other unrepresented languages. In regard to the other families, they would, at first, be spectators merely, of one of the most important movements of the century. After a common Indo-Germanic language should have been formed, each of the other families could, should it think proper to do so, form a common language of its own ; after which, the thirteen or more families could send representatives to a congress, and frame what might truly be called a world-language. All this being premised, I will now, for the benefit of the general reader, proceed to make clear the fact that the ten languages named do all belong to the Aryan or Indo-Germanic family. We will begin with the following simple diagram from Max Miiller's '* Biography of Words, and the Home of the Aryas." Thus : 152 SUGGESTIONS FOR A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE ^4 I CeLt - 1 if / c Oi ^-<% The lines running north and west represent the peoples who swarmed out in that direction from their Aryan home somewhere in Asia. The lines below represent other dispersions. Next, let us extend this diagram so as to show the ten languages which would be represented in the con- gress ; thus : '^^h ^^^/V CelUc- ^C:-.." ITALIAN ^'/f:,..,...itaUc^ yV£^ v^e,' acO- ^1 \ [\Ar^a.n Home. 1 .c?- N^- \ 153 SUGGESTIONS FOR A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE Finally, in order to show all the groups, not only those that termi- nate in the ten languages, but associated groups as well, and to show at the same time the associated languages at the end of each group, I have constructed a complete family tree of the Indo-Germanic family of lan- guages; thus: 'uoxn The congress having assembled, the first step in the formation of a new language would be, the establishing of primitive or root words, upon which derivatives could be formed. 154 SUGGESTIONS FOR A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE Where are we to go for these words? Where else than to the very languages already in common use by the ten peoples represented in the congress? The congress would represent not only the ten languages but the ten peoples using those languages; and simple justice to their con- stituents would require that the members should see to it that a language is not built up over the heads of the people, in disregard of their own words already in common use. In the first place there is a large body of words, each of which has not only a like meaning, but nearly the same sound in every one of the ten languages, and this is manifestly the first place to go to for root words. There are over two thousand words of this character in common use, every one homophonic in all of the ten languages. When these words shall have been exhausted, the next source of supply would be those words which would similarly run through nine of the ten languages; then those which would run through eight; then seven ; and so on down. Should this course be pursued, long before reaching the limit of a single language, the sources of supply for root words would be practically inexhaustible ; since every list of words thus obtained would be larger than any previous one. The number of such words which would be found in a majority of these languages, could be counted by the tens of thousands. This must be looked upon as nothing less than evidence of a desire on the part of these peoples to come together as nearly as possible in their modes of expression. They have been constantly reaching out toward each other, and adopting each other's words. That the words, many of them, are merely borrowed, makes the evidence so much the stronger. Why should they borrow words from other languages, except that they want a language in common with the people whose words they borrow? They were not obliged to borrow these words. They could easily manufacture from their own languages, words to express the meaning desired. 155 EXAMPLES OF WORDS IN COMMON USE English French Spanish Portuguese Italian Mother mere madre madre madre Coflfee cafe cafe cafe caffe Sugar Sucre azucar assucar zucchero Tea the te cha te Cigar cigare cigarro cigarro sigaro School ecole escuela escola scuola Salt sel sal sal sale Wine vin vino vinho vino Fruit fruit fruto fruto frutto Metal metal metal metal metallo Family- famille familia familia famiglia Matter matiere materia materia materia Music musique musica musica musica Nation nation nacion nagao nazione Religion religion religion religiao religione Rice riz arroz arroz riso Anecdote anecdote anecdota anecdota aneddoto Alcohol alcool alcohol alcohol alcool Bible bible biblia biblia bibbia To form former formar formar formare To dance danser danzar dangar danzare To march marcher marchar marchar marciare To practise practiquer practicar praticar praticare To regulate regler regular regular regolare Central central central central centrale Circular circulaire circular circular circolare Three trois tres tres tre Six six seis seis sei January Janvier Enero Janeiro Gennaio October octobre Octubre Outubro Ottobre 156 WHICH ARE HOMOPHONIC IN TEN LANGUAGES German Dutch Danish- xorwegian Swedish Russian mutter moeder moder raoder mat' kaflfee koffie kaffe kaffe kofe zucker suiker sukker socker sakhar thee thee te te tchai cigarre sigaar cigar cigarr Figara schule school skole skola shkola salz zout salt salt sol' wein wijn vin vin vino frucht vrucht frugt frukt frukt metall metaal metal metall metall familie familie familie familj familia materie materie materie materia materia musik muziek musik musik muz3'ka nation natie nation nation natzia religion religie religion religion religia reis rijst ris ris ris anekdote anekdote anekdote anekdot anekdot alkohol alcohol alkohol alkohol alkogol' bibel bijbel bibel bibel biblia formen vormen forme forma formirovat' tanzen dansen danse dansa tantzovat' marschiren marcheeren marschere marschera marshirovat' prakticiren praktizeeren praktisere praktisera praktikovat' regeln regelen regulere reglera regulirovat' central centraal central central tzentral'nyi circular circulair cirkulaere cirkular tzirkulyar drei drie tre tre tri sechs zes sex sex shest' Januar Januari Januar Januari Yanvar' October October Oktober Oktober Oktyabr' 157 SUGGESTIONS FOR A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE The people having thus made an effort to come together in the mode of expressing their ideas, it is incumbent on their linguists to bring them together. This can be done by giving them a common language, based upon the principle above explained, and it can be done in no other way. When you can give them, in a new language, words which they have been accustomed to all their lives, would it not be the height of folly to offer them words entirely new, or which not more than one in ten of those interested can understand ? Yet this was precisely what was done when the Volapiik was presented to the public of Europe and of this coun- try. The foregoing list was prepared without any reference to that lan- guage. A comparison of these words with the corresponding words of the Volapiik will illustrate that system, and disclose some of its peculi- arities, and will at the same time furnish some suggestions for the con- struction of a common Indo-Germanic language. The list consists of 21 nouns, 5 verbs, 2 adjectives, and 2 numerals. We will commence with the verbs: In the Volapiik, the infinitive ends invariably in "on;" which is added to the root word: This ending is purely arbitrary. No one of the ten languages has it. Two of them have "en" and two have " ar. " The others differ from these and from each other. Why Schleyer adopted "on" for the infinitive it is difficult to understand, unless it was to show his independence of existing languages. But he could not afford to be independent of them. The fundamental prin- ciple of a new language must be, dependence upon existing languages. The suffix "on" is to be added to the root word. That, then, must first be obtained. Before getting the verb for ' ' to form, ' ' the Volapiikist must have the noun for "form." His word is "fom." This is suf- ficiently simple, but why was the ' 'r' ' omitted ? We have the syllable "form" in 9 of the 10 languages, and "vorm" in the other, while "fom" occurs in no one of them. The root word should have been "form," and the infinitive ending should have been "en" or "ar." But "ar" is pre- ferable, because it has an analogy in "er" in French, and in "are" in Italian. Instead of "fomon," therefore, the verb should have been "formar." This would be recognized at once by a Spaniard or a Portu- guese, would sound sufficiently well to the Italian, and not very badly to the Frenchman. By a similar process, we get for the verb "to dance," "dansar," in- stead of the Volapiik "dauiidou, "for to march, "marshar," instead of 158 SUGGESTIONS FOR A UNIVKRSAL LANGUAGE "malekon," for " to practise," " praktisar," or "praktizar," instead of "plagon," and " rcglar," or "regular," instead of " uomon," as the equivalent of the German "rcgelu." In this last case, Schleycr first constructed a root word from the Latin "norma," "rule," striking out the "r" as he did in the word "form," and taking the syllable "nom" for the root word. Then from this he formed the verb "nomon," "to regulate." Thus he goes to a foreign language and gets a mutilated root word, instead of taking a syl- lable which is common to all the principal European languages. Is it strange that his language had to fail ? The Volapiik adjective ending, *'ik," is not objectionable, being homophonic with the adjective endings in some of the other languages. But there is no intimation that it was adopted for that reason. In the case of the numerals, the homophonic principle was disre- garded entirely. "Three" is "kil;" six is mal. Certain syllables were taken for the numerals i to 9, thus: i bal, 2 tel, 3 kil, 4 fol, 5 lul, 6 mal, 7 vel, 8 jol, and 9 ziil. Then to bal i, was added s, making bals, 10, 20 would be "tels," 30 "kils," 40 "fols," etc. These were combined for the higher numbers. Thus 40 being "fols" and 3 being "kil," 43 is "folsekil." This is scientific, certainly. But is it any more scientific than "forty-three" in English, or "quaranta tre" in Italian? Any new system of numerals would difier from the systems of some of the other languages. But is that any reason why it should have nothing in com- mon with any of them ? We come now to the nouns: Of the 21 nouns in this list, the Volapiik roots of 9, viz: " mot " for mother ; " kaf " for coffee, " jul " for school — j having the sound of sh — "sal" for salt ; " vin " for wine ; " metal " for metal ; " famul " for family ; " rel " for religion; and "bib" for bible, are unobjection- able, except that by analogy, if "rel" is taken for religion, "kaf" for coffee, and "bib" for bible, then "met" should have been taken for metal, and " fam " for family. But here, as in the case of the adjective endings, it is to be noticed that the homophonic character of these syllables is not given as a reason for taking them. The author of the Volapiik is careful not to acknowl- edge any dependence upon existing languages. On the contrary, he expressly declares his independence of them. In a note to the Volapiik grammar we have this singular auuouucemeut : 159 SUGGESTIONS FOR A UNIVERSAI. LANGUAGE " It is not necessary to remark that the root words of the Volapiik have nothing in common with the roots, properly speaking, of the lan- guages from which they are borrowed." Going back to the nouns in the list : In "jueg," for sugar, the j having the sound of sh, the S3'llable would have been strictly scientific if the " e " had been omitted. Why it was inserted it is diflScult to say, since it does not occur in that position in any one of the ten languages. The same remark may be made with double force in regard to ' ' tied ' ' for tea ; there being here two superfluous letters. In the word for cigar, the "ziga" is perfectly intelligible, though c or s would have been much better than z. But why was the " d " added, making the word " zigad?" In " Aug " for fruit, there is some excuse for the "1," owing to the difl&culty experienced in some parts of Europe in pronouncing the letter " r." But what excuse is there for closing the syllable with the letter "g?" It is equally inexcusable to substitute the same final letter for the word music, making it " musig." For the word nation, which has " nat " in seven languages, the Volapiik has "net." The Volapiik for " matter" is "stofin." This might do for a defini- tion, but it cannot be called a root word, since but one of its letters is contained in the word ' ' matter. ' ' In this word the syllable ' * mat ' ' runs through every one of the ten languages, in precisely the same form. Nothing can be plainer, therefore, than that the root word for ' ' matter ' ' should have been " mat." We now come to some words which were manufactured from the Volapiik itself : The word for rice is " leiid." " L,e " is a prefix and "iid " a suffix in the Volapiik. Each has several meanings. I have sought in vain to find a meaning which could be translated by the word "rice," nor is any light thrown upon it in the Volapiik dictionary. "Anecdote" is "konam." This word is involved in almost equal obscurity. It is divided thus : " kon-am." " Am " is a sufiix, mark- ing action ; as, " fom am " formation, from "fom," form; and "finam" achievement, from "fin," end. "Kon" is a story. So we may guess that "konam " means a story with a point to it. This is, also, " konot." 1 60 SUGGESTIONS I'OR A rXIVIIRSAL I.AXGUAGK Alcoholis "letikiilin." This word is not easily analyzed. "Tikiil" means "spirit, intelligence," and cannot be a constituent part of this word, unless the word " spirit " be used in a double sense. In the names of the months we find a little relief. January is "balul," from "bal," i, and " niul," month ; and October is "balsul/' from "bals," lo, and "mul," month. In no one of the six words last mentioned, is there any homophonic analogy between the Volapiik and any one of the ten languages. The result of the entire analysis is, to bring us to the conclusion, that the author of the Volapiik failed entirely to comprehend the true principle on which the root words of a common language should be con- structed. Before leaving the subject, we will illustrate it further by the ex- ample of a single word. We will take the word "thread." It runs thus : English, "thread;" Danish-Norwegian, " traad ;" Swedish, "trad;" Dutch, "draad." French, " fil ; " Italian, " filo; " Spanish, "hilo ; " Portuguese, "fio." German, "faden;" Russian, "nitka." Now, here is a word with a like sound in four languages, and another word entirely diflferent, but with a like sound in four other languages. Yet Professor Schleyer, ignoring these eight languages, and these eight peoples, took his root word from a single language. From the German "faden " he took "fad " as the root word for thread. In order to have as short a word as possible, and one which would sound alike in as many languages as possible, the primitive or root word here should be "fil;" from the French "fil," Latin, "filum." From that as a root we have already many derivatives in English, thus ; fila- ment, filaceous, filar, file, filiform, filiferous, fillet, etc. The three languages which afl&liate with the English on the word "thread," have also several of these derivatives; so that the word "fil" would be more or less familiar to all of those four peoples, while it would be very familiar to the other four. While "fad" as meaning "thread" might be recognized by a German, it would be a strange word to an Englishman or an American, to a Frenchman, a Spaniard, a Portuguese, an Italian, a Dutchman, a Dane or Norwegian, a Swede or a Russian. Why did Prof. Schleyer go to any language for this root word ? Why not take any syllable at random and call it thread ? Because he z6i SUGGESTIONS FOR A UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE thought it important to take something that somebody would recognize ; something which to some people would sound familiar. The same rea- son would make it important that it should be familiar to as many people as possible. Upon the subject of a universal language Max Miiller says: "That such a language should ever come into practical use, or that the whole earth should in that manner ever be of one language and of one speech again, is hard to conceive. But that the problem itself ad- raits of a solution, and of a perfect solution, cannot be doubted." — [Sci- ence of Language, 2d Series, p. 54. It is suflBciently manifest that the problem of a universal language is yet to be solved. And it is equally plain that the first step in that solu- tion is the formation of a common Indo-Germanic language. This can only be done by co-operation on the part of those who are using the Indo-Germanic languages. As co-operation by all the nations and peoples using these languages, is scarcely to be expected, and per- haps not at first to be desired, it is obvious the first Congress should be composed of delegates representing either the languages named, or about the like number of the languages of the most enlightened nations of the world. Probably the ten languages named comprise more homophonic words than any other ten. That the most enlightened nations should be included is too plain for argument. Professor Whitney has pointed out, that as in everything else, so in language, civilization tends to unity. " Every center of civ- ilization," says he, "becomes also a center of integration; its influences make for unity of speech as of all other social institutions. Since culture has become incontestably the dominant power in human history, the unifying forces in language have also been stronger than the diversi- fying ; and with culture at its full height, and spread equally to every land and race, one universal language, like one. universal community, is not an absurdity or theoretic impossibility, but only a Utopian or mil- lennial dream." A universal language need not, however, wait for a universal com- munity. Much has been done toward unifying the race since this state- ment was made ; and it is not too much to expect that ere long a univer- sal language, instead of being a mere Utopian or millennial dream, will become a glorious realization. 162 HOMOPHONIC CONVERSATION BOOK In English, German, French and Italian Belnir a Natural Aid to the Memory In Learning These Languages By C. B. and C. V. WAITE This little book is, as its title indicates, based upon the similarity in sound and in signification of the principal words used in the sentences. That this will aid the memory is undeniable. Cannot a person remember a word in a foreign language which sounds like one in his own and which means the same thing, more easily than he can one which sounds differ- ently ? When these like sounding words have been learned, others of a dif- ferent character can be substituted, the construction of the sentences re- maining the same. The conversations are arranged under different headings : Salutation, The Time, The Weather, The News, etc. Also covering the various situa- tions and emergencies in travel : Before Sailing, On Board a Steamship, Landing, At an Inn, Taking Furnished Rooms, Traveling by Railway, Breakfast, Dinner, Tea and Supper, Interviews with a Tailor, Shoemaker, Physician, Bookseller, etc. — in all thirty-one headings. Also cardinal and ordinal numbers and divisions of time are given, whether homo- phonic or not. Nearly 500 homophonic words are used, an alphabetical table of which is added, giving the form of the word in each language. How it is Received opinions of Linguists From Monsieur INGRES, Professor in the University of Chicago, Presi- dent of the Alliance Fran^aise, and member of the French Academy : " I consider Waites' 'Homophonic Conversations' a clever and useful little book, which ought to find a place in every library where languages are represented. The basic idea is well conceived and well carried out. M. Ingres." From Professor MANTELLINI, Director of the Chicago School of Languages : " I shall take much pleasure in recommending it to all my friends, as an invaluable companion, traveling abroad. " Yours very truly, G. Mantellini." From E. F, L. GAUS, Assistant Librarian of the Chicago Public Library: " This is a meritorious work. It is a step in the right direction." Opinions of the Press " It is arranged in a delightfully easy and natural style. By con- stantly interchanging words having a certain similarity in sound and meaning, one gains a simultaneous working knowledge of necessary and useful sentences in all four tongues. Time is saved, the memory is more retentive, and learning is made a pleasure. The book is absolutely of limitless value to beginners. It should be on every one's book-shelf, and is sure to become widely used." — Philadelphia Item. " It is a useful work." — Chicago Daily News. " A decided mnemonic aid." — Chicago Record- Herald. " Specially helpful to the tourist." — Advance, Chicago. " One sees at once the utility of this book." — Le Samedi {French), Montreal. " That this will aid the memory is undeniable." — Chicago Tribune. " By travelers the book will be found a useful companion." — Senti- nel, hidia7iapolis . " Well done and useful for all." — L' Italia, Chicago. "Splendid and out of the common. A secure guide for Italians traveling abroad." — Maestro Paolo, New York. ' * An excellent little manual. " — Natio?ial Tribune, Washington, D. C. " This little book will surprise you by showing you how much you really knew without realizing it." — Torch of Reason, Kansas City, Mo. " It is especially to be commended to Germans who desire to perfect themselves in the English language or in the French or Italian." — West- en and Daheim, Chicago. Letter from Frederic Harrison "Elm Hill, Kent, England. " "^ Homophonic Conversations'* has gone into the school room here where it will be useful. Frederic Harrison," Letter from Dr. Senn ' ' I know of no book as well adapted to the needs of the traveler as this one. Yours very truly, N. Senn." Letter from William Birney Washington, D. C. " It is very useful." Letter from Prof. Warren Robinson, Instructor in Wisconsin School for the Deaf " A deaf mute could use it with great benefit in his own country." Letter from Alexander Kerr, Professor in the University of Wisconsin " It is the best manual of the kind in existence." This is a duodecimo volume of about 140 pages, printed on the best paper and handsomely bound in flexible cloth, being a neat pocket com- panion for travelers. PRICE $1.00 Liberal discount to the trade and to libraries and teachers. Address C. V. WAITE ^ CO., 47O Jackson Boulevard, Chicago. '^^f^' UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY BERKELEY Return to desk from which borrowed. This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 25l7ov'5SEL aJj'vV iff fy tij^h'-J. ''PR 17 1366 S 72^*^ itf i RGDDLD Mffil^TD-: RETC'D C NOV8l2 13o 25Jan'63DTi LD 21-100nt-ll,'49(B7146sl6)476 JJ ||RiE72 -»ft» ^ U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES CDMb1b7737 254699